title: Identification and expressional analysis of NLRC5 inflammasome gene in smolting Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar).
abstract: The NOD-like receptors (NLRs) were recently identified as an intracellular pathogen recognition receptor family in vertebrates. While the immune system participation of NLRs has been characterized and analyzed in various mammalian models, few studies have considered NLRs in teleost species. Therefore, this study analyzed the Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) NLRC5. Structurally, Atlantic salmon NLRC5 presented leucine-rich repeat subfamily genes. Phylogenetically, NLRC5 was moderately conserved between S. salar and other species. Real-time quantitative PCR revealed NLRC5 expression in almost all analyzed organs, with greatest expressions in the head kidney, spleen, and hindgut. Furthermore, NLRC5 gene expression decreased during smolt stage. These data suggest that NLRC5 participates in the Atlantic salmon immune response and is regulated, at least partly, by the smoltification process, suggesting that there is a depression of immune system from parr at smolt stage. This is the first report on the NLRC5 gene in salmonid smolts.
authors.affiliation: Instituto de Ciencias Marinas y Limnológicas, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, Chile; Programa Doctorado en Ciencias, Mención Biología Celular y Molecular, Escuela de Graduados, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, Chile. Electronic address: jppontigo@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Juan Pablo
authors.initials: JP
authors.lastname: Pontigo
authors.affiliation: Instituto de Ciencias Marinas y Limnológicas, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, Chile.
authors.forename: María José
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Agüero
authors.affiliation: Instituto de Bioquímica y Microbiología, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, Chile.
authors.forename: Patricio
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Sánchez
authors.affiliation: Instituto de Ciencias Marinas y Limnológicas, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, Chile; Programa de Doctorado en Ciencias de la Acuicultura, Universidad Austral de Chile, Los Pinos s/n, Balneario Pelluco, Puerto Montt, Chile.
authors.forename: Ricardo
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Oyarzún
authors.affiliation: Instituto de Ciencias Marinas y Limnológicas, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, Chile; Programa de Magister en Ciencias, Mención Microbiología, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, Chile.
authors.forename: Carolina
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Vargas-Lagos
authors.affiliation: Programa de Doctorado en Ciencias de la Acuicultura, Universidad Austral de Chile, Los Pinos s/n, Balneario Pelluco, Puerto Montt, Chile; Marine Harvest Chile, Ruta 226 Km8, Puerto Montt, Chile.
authors.forename: Jorge
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Mancilla
authors.affiliation: Trapananda Asesorias, Cristobal Colon 486, Puerto Montt, Chile.
authors.forename: Hans
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Kossmann
authors.affiliation: Instituto de Farmacología y Morfofisiología, Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, Chile.
authors.forename: Francisco J
authors.initials: FJ
authors.lastname: Morera
authors.affiliation: Instituto de Bioquímica y Microbiología, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, Chile; Interdisciplinary Center for Aquaculture Research (INCAR), Concepción, Chile. Electronic address: ayanez@uach.cl.
authors.forename: Alejandro J
authors.initials: AJ
authors.lastname: Yáñez
authors.affiliation: Instituto de Ciencias Marinas y Limnológicas, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, Chile; Centro Fondap de Investigación de Altas Latitudes (IDEAL), Universidad Austral deChile, Casilla 567, Valdivia, Chile. Electronic address: luis.vargas@uach.cl.
authors.forename: Luis
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Vargas-Chacoff
mesh_terms: D000595:Amino Acid Sequence; D000818:Animals; D001483:Base Sequence; D029941:Fish Proteins / Q000737:chemistry / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism; D015870:Gene Expression; D005786:Gene Expression Regulation; D007113:Immunity, Innate / Q000235:genetics; D058847:Inflammasomes / Q000737:chemistry / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism; D047908:Intracellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins / Q000737:chemistry / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism; D010802:Phylogeny; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D020317:Salmo salar / Q000145:classification / Q000235:genetics* / Q000276:immunology; D017386:Sequence Homology, Amino Acid
chemical_list: D029941:Fish Proteins; D058847:Inflammasomes; D047908:Intracellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins; D012333:RNA, Messenger
keywords: Inflammation; Innate immunity; Leucine-rich repeats; NLR; NOD-like receptors; Nucleotide binding; Pathogen