title: Prevalence and correlates of psychosocial conditions among people living with HIV in southern India.
abstract: Psychosocial conditions such as depression, intimate partner violence (IPV), and history of childhood sexual abuse (CSA) have been associated with poor HIV-related outcomes. In India, which has the third largest HIV epidemic in the world, little is understood about the impact of psychosocial conditions on people living with HIV (PLHIV). We aimed to understand the prevalence and correlates of psychosocial conditions among PLHIV entering into HIV care at the Y.R. Gaitonde Centre for AIDS Research and Education in Chennai, India. Thirteen questions were added to the standard voluntary counseling and testing questionnaire, including the Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (a depression scale) and questions assessing for CSA and IPV. We fitted logistic regression models, stratified by gender, with psychosocial condition as the outcome of interest and substance use variables and socio-demographic variables as the correlates of interest. Three hundred and eighty-three persons were enrolled into the study; of these, 253 (66%) tested positive for HIV, including 149 men and 104 women, and were included in the models. More than one-quarter (28%) of the men and 19% of the women reported at least one psychosocial condition (probable depression, CSA, or IPV). In adjusted analysis, current alcohol use was associated with greater than two times higher odds of a psychosocial condition (Adjusted Odds Ratio = 2.24, 95% CI, 1.04-4.85) among men. In conclusion, we estimated the prevalence of probable depression, CSA, and IPV among PLHIV presenting for HIV care in southern India and found that, among male PLHIV, alcohol use was associated with a markedly higher odds of reporting a psychosocial condition. Further study is needed to characterize alcohol use among male PLHIV and the possible deleterious impact of psychosocial conditions and alcohol use on HIV-related outcomes in India.
authors.affiliation: a Division of Infectious Diseases , Brigham and Women's Hospital , Boston , MA , USA.|b Harvard Medical School , Boston , MA , USA.
authors.forename: Brian T
authors.initials: BT
authors.lastname: Chan
authors.affiliation: c Y. R. Gaitonde Centre for AIDS Research and Education , Chennai , India.
authors.forename: Amrose
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Pradeep
authors.affiliation: c Y. R. Gaitonde Centre for AIDS Research and Education , Chennai , India.
authors.forename: Lakshmi
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Prasad
authors.affiliation: c Y. R. Gaitonde Centre for AIDS Research and Education , Chennai , India.
authors.forename: Vinothini
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Murugesan
authors.affiliation: c Y. R. Gaitonde Centre for AIDS Research and Education , Chennai , India.
authors.forename: Ezhilarasi
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Chandrasekaran
authors.affiliation: c Y. R. Gaitonde Centre for AIDS Research and Education , Chennai , India.
authors.forename: Nagalingeswaran
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Kumarasamy
authors.affiliation: b Harvard Medical School , Boston , MA , USA.|d Division of Infectious Diseases , Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center , Boston , MA , USA.|e Fenway Health , Boston , MA , USA.
authors.forename: Kenneth H
authors.initials: KH
authors.lastname: Mayer
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D054523:Adult Survivors of Child Abuse / Q000523:psychology / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D000428:Alcohol Drinking / Q000453:epidemiology*; D003863:Depression / Q000523:psychology*; D005260:Female; D015658:HIV Infections / Q000523:psychology*; D006801:Humans; D007194:India / Q000453:epidemiology; D000066511:Intimate Partner Violence / Q000523:psychology / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D008297:Male; D001523:Mental Disorders / Q000453:epidemiology*; D008875:Middle Aged; D015995:Prevalence; D011569:Psychiatric Status Rating Scales; D012307:Risk Factors; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires
keywords: India; Psychosocial conditions; alcohol; depression; violence