title: Metabolic profiling and in vitro assessment of anthelmintic fractions of Picria fel-terrae Lour.
abstract: Anthelmintic resistance is widespread in gastrointestinal nematode populations, such that there is a consistent need to search for new anthelmintics. However, the cost of screening for new compounds is high and has a very low success rate. Using the knowledge of traditional healers from Borneo Rainforests (Sarawak, Malaysia), we have previously shown that some traditional medicinal plants are a rich source of potential new anthelmintic drug candidates. In this study, Picria fel-terrae Lour. plant extract, which has previously shown promising anthelmintic activities, was fractionated via the use of a solid phase extraction cartridge and each isolated fraction was then tested on free-living nematode Caenorhabditis elegans and the parasitic nematode Haemonchus contortus. We found that a single fraction was enriched for nematocidal activity, killing ≥90% of C. elegans adults and inhibiting the motility of exsheathed L3 of H. contortus, while having minimal cytotoxic activity in mammalian cell culture. Metabolic profiling and chemometric analysis of the effective fraction indicated medium chained fatty acids and phenolic acids were highly represented.
authors.affiliation: Development and Stem Cells Program, Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, 3800, Australia.
authors.forename: Rasika
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Kumarasingha
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry and Biotechnology, Faculty of Science, Engineering and Technology, Swinburne University of Technology, Hawthorn, 3122, Victoria, Australia; Land and Water, Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organization (CSIRO), Ecosciences Precinct, Dutton Park, 4102, Queensland, Australia.
authors.forename: Avinash V
authors.initials: AV
authors.lastname: Karpe
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Veterinary and Agricultural Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, 3010, Victoria, Australia.
authors.forename: Sarah
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Preston
authors.affiliation: Sarawak Biodiversity Centre (SBC), KM 20 Jalan Borneo Heights, Semengoh, Locked Bag No. 3032, 93990, Kuching, Sarawak, Malaysia.
authors.forename: Tiong-Chia
authors.initials: TC
authors.lastname: Yeo
authors.affiliation: Sarawak Biodiversity Centre (SBC), KM 20 Jalan Borneo Heights, Semengoh, Locked Bag No. 3032, 93990, Kuching, Sarawak, Malaysia.
authors.forename: Diana S L
authors.initials: DSL
authors.lastname: Lim
authors.affiliation: Sarawak Biodiversity Centre (SBC), KM 20 Jalan Borneo Heights, Semengoh, Locked Bag No. 3032, 93990, Kuching, Sarawak, Malaysia.
authors.forename: Chu-Lee
authors.initials: CL
authors.lastname: Tu
authors.affiliation: Victorian Centre for Functional Genomics, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, East Melbourne, 3002, Victoria, Australia.
authors.forename: Jennii
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Luu
authors.affiliation: Victorian Centre for Functional Genomics, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, East Melbourne, 3002, Victoria, Australia; The Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, 3052, Victoria, Australia.
authors.forename: Kaylene J
authors.initials: KJ
authors.lastname: Simpson
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry and Biotechnology, Faculty of Science, Engineering and Technology, Swinburne University of Technology, Hawthorn, 3122, Victoria, Australia.
authors.forename: Jillian M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Shaw
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Veterinary and Agricultural Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, 3010, Victoria, Australia.
authors.forename: Robin B
authors.initials: RB
authors.lastname: Gasser
authors.affiliation: Land and Water, Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organization (CSIRO), Ecosciences Precinct, Dutton Park, 4102, Queensland, Australia.
authors.forename: David J
authors.initials: DJ
authors.lastname: Beale
authors.affiliation: Australian Centre for Research on Separation Science (ACROSS), School of Applied Sciences, RMIT University, Melbourne, 3001, Victoria, Australia.
authors.forename: Paul D
authors.initials: PD
authors.lastname: Morrison
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry and Biotechnology, Faculty of Science, Engineering and Technology, Swinburne University of Technology, Hawthorn, 3122, Victoria, Australia.
authors.forename: Enzo A
authors.initials: EA
authors.lastname: Palombo
authors.affiliation: Development and Stem Cells Program, Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, 3800, Australia; Faculty of Veterinary and Agricultural Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, 3010, Victoria, Australia. Electronic address: peter.boag@monash.edu.
authors.forename: Peter R
authors.initials: PR
authors.lastname: Boag
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000871:Anthelmintics / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000494:pharmacology*; D001681:Biological Assay / Q000379:methods; D001893:Borneo; D017173:Caenorhabditis elegans / Q000737:chemistry / Q000187:drug effects*; D004353:Drug Evaluation, Preclinical / Q000379:methods*; D006189:Haemonchus / Q000737:chemistry / Q000187:drug effects*; D000068378:Lamiales / Q000737:chemistry; D055442:Metabolome; D055432:Metabolomics / Q000379:methods*; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000494:pharmacology*; D010946:Plants, Medicinal / Q000737:chemistry*; D016019:Survival Analysis
chemical_list: D000871:Anthelmintics; D010936:Plant Extracts
keywords: Caenorhabditis elegans; Haemonchus contortus; Metabolomics; Picria fel-terrae Lour.; Traditional medicines