title: Dopant-Free Zinc Chlorophyll Aggregates as an Efficient Biocompatible Hole Transporter for Perovskite Solar Cells.
abstract: Chlorophylls (Chls) are abundant, naturally occurring pigments that play key roles in light-harvesting and electron/energy transfer in natural photosynthetic apparatus. To demonstrate the idea that Chls are suitable hole transporters, we employed two Chl derivatives, Chl-1 and Chl-2, which self-assembled readily into π-stacking aggregates through a simple spincasting process, in perovskite solar cells (PSCs). The Chl aggregate films exhibit an ultra-smooth film surface, high hole mobility, appropriate energy levels, and efficient hole injection efficiencies that are all key characteristics for efficient hole transporters in PSCs. CH3NH3PbI3-xClx-based PSCs with these Chls as hole transporters were fabricated and compared with P3HT as a standard hole transporter. PSCs based on Chl-1 and Chl-2 without the use of typical additives, such as 4-tert-butylpyridine and lithium bis(trifluoromethanesulfinyl)imide, gave power conversion efficiencies of 11.44 and 8.06 %, respectively. This research provides a unique way to incorporate low-cost and environmentally friendly natural photosynthetic materials in the development of highly efficient photovoltaic devices.
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of Physics and Technology for Advanced Batteries, Ministry of Education, College of Physics, Jilin University, Changchun, 130012, PR China.
authors.forename: Mengzhen
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of Physics and Technology for Advanced Batteries, Ministry of Education, College of Physics, Jilin University, Changchun, 130012, PR China.|College of Life Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, 130012, PR China.
authors.forename: Yue
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: Nagahama Institute of Bio-Science and Technology, Nagahama, Shiga, 526-0829, Japan.|Graduate School of Life Sciences, Ritsumeikan University, Kusatsu, Shiga, 525-8577, Japan.
authors.forename: Shin-Ichi
authors.initials: SI
authors.lastname: Sasaki
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials, Jilin University, Changchun, 130012, PR China.
authors.forename: Jiaxing
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Song
authors.affiliation: College of Electronic Science & Engineering, Jilin University, Changchun, 130012, PR China.
authors.forename: Chen
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: Graduate School of Life Sciences, Ritsumeikan University, Kusatsu, Shiga, 525-8577, Japan.
authors.forename: Hitoshi
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Tamiaki
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials, Jilin University, Changchun, 130012, PR China. wjtian@jlu.edu.cn.
authors.forename: Wenjing
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Tian
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of Physics and Technology for Advanced Batteries, Ministry of Education, College of Physics, Jilin University, Changchun, 130012, PR China.
authors.forename: Gang
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.affiliation: Graduate School of Engineering, Toin University of Yokohama, 1614 Kurogane-cho, Aoba, Yokohama, Kanagawa, 225-8503, Japan.
authors.forename: Tsutomu
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Miyasaka
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of Physics and Technology for Advanced Batteries, Ministry of Education, College of Physics, Jilin University, Changchun, 130012, PR China. xf_wang@jlu.edu.cn.
authors.forename: Xiao-Feng
authors.initials: XF
authors.lastname: Wang
mesh_terms: D001672:Biocompatible Materials; D017610:Calcium Compounds / Q000737:chemistry*; D002734:Chlorophyll / Q000737:chemistry*; D003365:Costs and Cost Analysis; D018625:Microscopy, Atomic Force; D008855:Microscopy, Electron, Scanning; D010087:Oxides / Q000737:chemistry*; D012993:Solar Energy; D013056:Spectrophotometry, Ultraviolet; D014025:Titanium / Q000737:chemistry*; D014961:X-Ray Diffraction
chemical_list: D001672:Biocompatible Materials; D017610:Calcium Compounds; D010087:Oxides; C059910:perovskite; D002734:Chlorophyll; D014025:Titanium
keywords: charge transfer; perovskite phases; photosynthesis; self-assembly; zinc