title: Comparison of joint kinematics and pedaling force in the young and the elderly.
abstract: [Purpose] Proper pedaling posture can improve muscle strength and cardiopulmonary function. To investigate proper pedaling posture for the elderly, this study compared the pedaling efficiency of the elderly with that of the young by using an index of effectiveness (IE) and kinematic results. [Subjects and Methods] Eight adults in their twenties and eight in their seventies participated in 3-min, 40 rpm cycle pedaling tests, with the same load and cadence. The joint angle, range of motion (ROM), and IE were compared by measuring 3-dimensional motion and 3-axis pedal-reaction force during 4 pedaling phases (Phase 1: 330-30°, Phase 2: 30-150°, Phase 3: 150-210°, and Phase 4: 210-330°). [Results] The knee and ankle ROM, maximum knee extension, and maximum ankle dorsiflexion in the elderly were significantly decreased compared with those in the young. Moreover, there were significant differences in IE for the total phase, Phase 1, and Phase 4 between the elderly and young. IE of the young was greater than that of the elderly, except in Phase 3. [Conclusion] Joint movement in the elderly during pedaling was limited. This study provides information that will facilitate the proposal of an efficient pedaling method for the elderly.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Biomedical and Health Science, Konkuk University, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Jeong-Woo
authors.initials: JW
authors.lastname: Seo
authors.affiliation: Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Biomedical and Health Science, Konkuk University, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Dae-Hyeok
authors.initials: DH
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.affiliation: Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Biomedical and Health Science, Konkuk University, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Seung-Tae
authors.initials: ST
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.affiliation: Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Biomedical and Health Science, Konkuk University, Republic of Korea; BK21 Plus Research Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Konkuk University, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Dong-Won
authors.initials: DW
authors.lastname: Kang
authors.affiliation: Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Biomedical and Health Science, Konkuk University, Republic of Korea; BK21 Plus Research Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Konkuk University, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Jin-Seung
authors.initials: JS
authors.lastname: Choi
authors.affiliation: Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Biomedical and Health Science, Konkuk University, Republic of Korea; BK21 Plus Research Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Konkuk University, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Gye-Rae
authors.initials: GR
authors.lastname: Tack
keywords: Elderly; Index of effectiveness; Pedaling