title: Possibility and Risk of Medication Vial Coring in Interventional Spine Procedures.
abstract: When a needle is inserted into the stopper of a medication vial, small pieces of the stopper could be "cored" inside the bore of the needle, consequently aspirated, and then injected into the body. Reported coring rates vary from 3.1% to 97%. This article reviews the literature surrounding this topic and covers the rate of coring, its risk factors, and particle size, as well as prevention techniques to maximize safety during interventional procedures.
authors.affiliation: Sports Medicine Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Department of Orthopaedics, Stanford University, Stanford Orthopedics, 450 Broadway St, Redwood City, CA 94063(∗). Electronic address: ramin_kordi@tums.ac.ir.
authors.forename: Ramin
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Kordi
authors.affiliation: Department of Rehabilitation and Regenerative Medicine, Bassett Medical Center, Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, NY(†).
authors.forename: Brian F
authors.initials: BF
authors.lastname: White
authors.affiliation: Department of Orthopaedics, Stanford University, Stanford Orthopedics, Redwood City, CA(‡).
authors.forename: David J
authors.initials: DJ
authors.lastname: Kennedy
mesh_terms: D005547:Foreign Bodies / Q000209:etiology* / Q000517:prevention & control*; D006801:Humans; D007267:Injections / Q000009:adverse effects*; D009339:Needles / Q000009:adverse effects*