title: Toxoplasma gondii pseudocyst in a transbronchial biopsy: a case report.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  We herein present a case in which a Toxoplasma cyst was found in a transbronchial biopsy specimen from an immunocompetent patient with negative serology for the parasite.
  
  
  METHODS
  An 18-year-old Brazilian man presented with a 1-week history of dyspnea and fever and was diagnosed with right lower lobe pneumonia. He began inpatient treatment with intravenous antibiotics. During treatment, a bronchoscopy with bronchoalveolar lavage and transbronchial biopsy was performed. Anatomopathological examination of the transbronchial biopsy showed a small fragment of lung parenchyma with discrete septal thickening and a rounded structure, suggestive of a pseudocyst containing Toxoplasma gondii bradyzoites. However, serological tests were negative for immunoglobulin G and immunoglobulin M.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Bronchoscopy is a minimally invasive, effective diagnostic and therapeutic method. Despite the fact that the Toxoplasma pseudocyst in the present case was not the cause of the patient's comorbidities, bronchoscopy with transbronchial biopsy allowed for an incidental diagnosis of a Toxoplasma pseudocyst with minimal invasiveness.
authors.affiliation: Americo Brasiliense State Hospital, 1260 Alameda Aldo Lupo, 14820-000, Américo Brasiliense, SP, Brazil.
authors.forename: Caio César Inaco
authors.initials: CC
authors.lastname: Cirino
authors.affiliation: Americo Brasiliense State Hospital, 1260 Alameda Aldo Lupo, 14820-000, Américo Brasiliense, SP, Brazil.
authors.forename: André Peluso
authors.initials: AP
authors.lastname: Nogueira
authors.affiliation: Americo Brasiliense State Hospital, 1260 Alameda Aldo Lupo, 14820-000, Américo Brasiliense, SP, Brazil.
authors.forename: André
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Amate Neto
authors.affiliation: Americo Brasiliense State Hospital, 1260 Alameda Aldo Lupo, 14820-000, Américo Brasiliense, SP, Brazil.
authors.forename: Patricia Cristina
authors.initials: PC
authors.lastname: Urbano
authors.affiliation: Americo Brasiliense State Hospital, 1260 Alameda Aldo Lupo, 14820-000, Américo Brasiliense, SP, Brazil. talesusp@yahoo.com.br.|Department of Surgery and Anatomy, Ribeirão Preto School of Medicine, University of São Paulo, 3900 Avenida Bandeirantes, 14048-900, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil. talesusp@yahoo.com.br.
authors.forename: Tales Rubens
authors.initials: TR
authors.lastname: de Nadai
keywords: Appendicitis; Bronchoscopy; Toxoplasma gondii; Toxoplasmosis; Transbronchial biopsy