title: Real-World Outcomes of Ranibizumab Treatment for Diabetic Macular Edema in a United Kingdom National Health Service Setting.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To determine visual acuity (VA) and spectral-domain optical coherence tomography (OCT) outcomes with intravitreal ranibizumab for diabetic macular edema (DME) in a United Kingdom National Health Service clinical setting.
  
  
  METHODS
  Retrospective interventional case series.
  
  
  METHODS
  Consecutive patients with DME, treated with the first ranibizumab injection between August 2013 and March 2014 across 4 sites of Moorfields Eye Hospital, London.
  
  
  METHODS
  Two hundred eyes of 164 consecutive patients with center-involving DME and VA ≤79 ETDRS letters, central subfield macular thickness (CST) ≥350 μm on Topcon 3D OCT 2000, initiated on a loading phase of 3 intravitreal ranibizumab injections and who had at least 6 months follow-up were reviewed. Subsequent retreatment was guided by VA and OCT with the aim of treating to stability. VA, OCT CST, and macular volume (MV) were recorded at baseline and monthly to 12 months.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The mean VA, mean CST, and mean MV at baseline were 54.4 (± 15.26) letters, 490.16 (± 116.54) μm, and 10.46 (± 2.28) mm3. The mean VA change at 12 months was +6.6 (± 13.35) letters (P = .0003). A total of 40.3% of patients (n = 77) gained ≥10 letters and 25.1% (n = 48) gained ≥15 letters; 8.9% (n = 17) lost ≥10 letters and 6.3% (n = 12) lost ≥15 letters. At 12 months, the mean change in CST and MV were -133.9 (± 160.12) μm (P = .0001) and -1.5 (± 1.96) mm3(P = .0001), respectively. An average of 7.2 (± 2.3) injections were given over 12 months.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Outcomes with 3 loading injections of 0.5 mg ranibizumab given monthly followed by pro re nata retreatment in a clinical setting are comparable with outcomes from clinical trials.
authors.affiliation: National Institute of Health Research Moorfields Biomedical Research Centre, Moorfields Eye Hospital, London, United Kingdom.
authors.forename: Namritha V
authors.initials: NV
authors.lastname: Patrao
authors.affiliation: National Institute of Health Research Moorfields Biomedical Research Centre, Moorfields Eye Hospital, London, United Kingdom.
authors.forename: Sheelah
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Antao
authors.affiliation: National Institute of Health Research Moorfields Biomedical Research Centre, Moorfields Eye Hospital, London, United Kingdom.
authors.forename: Catherine
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Egan
authors.affiliation: National Institute of Health Research Moorfields Biomedical Research Centre, Moorfields Eye Hospital, London, United Kingdom.
authors.forename: Amer
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Omar
authors.affiliation: National Institute of Health Research Moorfields Biomedical Research Centre, Moorfields Eye Hospital, London, United Kingdom; University College of London Institute of Ophthalmology, London, United Kingdom.
authors.forename: Robin
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Hamilton
authors.affiliation: National Institute of Health Research Moorfields Biomedical Research Centre, Moorfields Eye Hospital, London, United Kingdom.
authors.forename: Philip G
authors.initials: PG
authors.lastname: Hykin
authors.affiliation: National Institute of Health Research Moorfields Biomedical Research Centre, Moorfields Eye Hospital, London, United Kingdom; University College of London Institute of Ophthalmology, London, United Kingdom.
authors.forename: Sobha
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Sivaprasad
authors.affiliation: National Institute of Health Research Moorfields Biomedical Research Centre, Moorfields Eye Hospital, London, United Kingdom; University College of London Institute of Ophthalmology, London, United Kingdom. Electronic address: ranjan.rajendram@ucl.ac.uk.
authors.forename: Ranjan
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Rajendram
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D020533:Angiogenesis Inhibitors / Q000008:administration & dosage; D003930:Diabetic Retinopathy / Q000150:complications* / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000188:drug therapy; D005260:Female; D005451:Fluorescein Angiography; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D005654:Fundus Oculi; D006801:Humans; D015994:Incidence; D058449:Intravitreal Injections; D008266:Macula Lutea / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D008269:Macular Edema / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000209:etiology; D008297:Male; D000069579:Ranibizumab / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D013997:Time Factors; D041623:Tomography, Optical Coherence; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D006113:United Kingdom / Q000453:epidemiology; D014792:Visual Acuity
chemical_list: D020533:Angiogenesis Inhibitors; D000069579:Ranibizumab