title: F11 rs2289252T and rs2036914C Polymorphisms Increase the Activity of Factor XI in Post-trauma Patients with Fractures Despite Thromboprophylaxis.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate the association between F11 rs2289252, rs2036914 polymorphisms and the activity of clotting factor XI in post-trauma patients with fractures receiving routine anticoagulation therapy for deep venous thrombosis (DVT).
  
  
  METHODS
  A case-control study involving 110 consecutive post-trauma patients with fractures and DVT in our hospital was conducted from April 2014 to October 2015; these patients comprised a DVT group. Another 40 sex- and age-matched patients with fractures but without DVT served as controls. Additionally, 40 sex- and age-matched healthy people were chosen as a normal group. Venous blood samples (2 mL) were drawn from all participants and genomic DNA extracted from the leukocytes of the patients with fracture-related DVT, whose genotype and allele frequency distribution of F11 gene rs2089252 and rs2036914 single nucleotide polymorphism were then assessed by a sequencing method. The activity of factor XI was measured by a solidification method in all participants, including those in control and normal groups.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The activity of factor XI in patients with fracture-related DVT and F11 rs2089252 CT was 1.16 times that of those with CC genotypes (P < 0.0001), whereas in patients with fracture-related DVT and F11 rs2089252 TT genotypes it was 1.32 times that of those with CC genotypes (P < 0.0001), in patients with fracture-related DVT and F11 rs2089252 T allele it was 1.24 times that of those with C allele (P < 0.05), in patients with fracture-related DVT and F11 rs2036914 CC it was 1.35 times that of those with TT genotypes, in patients with fracture-related DVT and F11 rs2036914 CT genotypes it was 1.12 times that of those with TT genotypes (P < 0.05), and in patients with fracture-related DVT F11 and rs2036914 C allele it was 1.22 times that of those with T allele (P < 0.05). The activity of factor XI was significantly higher in the control than in the normal group (P < 0.05).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  High activity of factor XI indicates a risk of occurrence of DVT in post-trauma patients with fractures. F11 rs2089252 and rs2036914 (single nucleotide polymorphisms) are associated with activity of factors XI in such patients despite prophylaxis.
authors.affiliation: Tianjin Huanhu Hospital, Tianjin, China. tianax1986@126.com.
authors.forename: Nan
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Song
authors.affiliation: Department of Orthopaedics Institute, Tianjin Hospital, Tianjin, China.
authors.forename: Ai-Xian
authors.initials: AX
authors.lastname: Tian
authors.affiliation: Department of Orthopaedics Institute, Tianjin Hospital, Tianjin, China.
authors.forename: Jian-Min
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: Department of Orthopaedics Institute, Tianjin Hospital, Tianjin, China.
authors.forename: Hong-Qiang
authors.initials: HQ
authors.lastname: Jiang
authors.affiliation: Department of Orthopaedics Institute, Tianjin Hospital, Tianjin, China.
authors.forename: Jia-Cheng
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: Zang
authors.affiliation: Department of Orthopaedics Institute, Tianjin Hospital, Tianjin, China.
authors.forename: Xin-Long
authors.initials: XL
authors.lastname: Ma
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000925:Anticoagulants / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D005172:Factor XI / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism; D005260:Female; D050723:Fractures, Bone / Q000150:complications*; D005787:Gene Frequency; D005819:Genetic Markers; D020022:Genetic Predisposition to Disease; D005838:Genotype; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D020641:Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide; D012307:Risk Factors; D017211:Treatment Failure; D020246:Venous Thrombosis / Q000097:blood / Q000209:etiology / Q000235:genetics* / Q000517:prevention & control
chemical_list: D000925:Anticoagulants; D005819:Genetic Markers; D005172:Factor XI
keywords: Deep vein thrombosis; Factor XI; Fractures; Polymorphism