title: 3D turbo field echo with diffusion-sensitized driven-equilibrium preparation technique (DSDE-TFE) versus echo planar imaging in evaluation of diffusivity of retinoblastoma.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Compared with echoplanar (EP) diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI), three-dimensional (3D) turbo field echo with diffusion-sensitized driven-equilibrium (DSDE-TFE) preparation DWI obtains images with higher spatial resolution and less susceptibility artefacts. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the feasibility of DSDE-TFE to visualize retinoblastomas compared with EP imaging.
  
  
  METHODS
  This retrospective study was approved by our institutional review boards. Eight patients with retinoblastomas (five males and three females; age range 0-87 months; median 21 months) were studied. For the DSDE-TFE, motion-probing gradients (MPGs) were conducted at one direction with b-values of 0 and 500 s mm-2and a voxel size of 1.5 × 1.5 × 1.5 mm3. For the EP imaging, MPGs were conducted at three directions with b-values of 0 and 1000 s mm-2and a voxel size of 1.4 × 1.8 × 3 mm3. The apparent diffusion coefficients (ADCs) of each lesion were measured. Statistical analyses were performed with Pearson R and linear correlation coefficients.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Intraocular lesions were clearly visualized on the DSDE-TFE without obvious geometrical distortion, whereas all showed deformity on EP images. On the DSDE-TFE, the ADCs of the lesions ranged from 0.83 × 10-3to 2.93 × 10-3mm2s-1(mean ± standard deviation 1.73 ± 0.73 × 10-3mm2s-1). On the EP images, the ADCs ranged from 0.53 × 10-3to 2.03 × 10-3mm2s-1(0.93 ± 0.53 × 10-3mm2s-1). There was a significant correlation in ADC measurement between the DSDE-TFE and EP imaging (r = 0.81, p < 0.05).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  With its insensitivity to field inhomogeneity and high spatial resolution, the 3D DSDE-TFE technique enabled us to assess diffusivity in retinoblastomas. Advances in knowledge: DSDE-TFE could enable us to assess the ADC of retinoblastomas without obvious geometrical distortion.
authors.affiliation: 1 Department of Clinical Radiology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan.
authors.forename: Akio
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Hiwatashi
authors.affiliation: 1 Department of Clinical Radiology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan.
authors.forename: Osamu
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Togao
authors.affiliation: 1 Department of Clinical Radiology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan.
authors.forename: Koji
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Yamashita
authors.affiliation: 1 Department of Clinical Radiology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan.
authors.forename: Kazufumi
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Kikuchi
authors.affiliation: 2 Department of Ophthalmology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan.
authors.forename: Hiroshi
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Yoshikawa
authors.affiliation: 3 MR Clinical Science, Philips Electronics Japan, Tokyo, Japan.
authors.forename: Makoto
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Obara
authors.affiliation: 1 Department of Clinical Radiology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan.
authors.forename: Hiroshi
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Honda
mesh_terms: D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D038524:Diffusion Magnetic Resonance Imaging / Q000379:methods*; D017352:Echo-Planar Imaging / Q000379:methods; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D021621:Imaging, Three-Dimensional; D007223:Infant; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D008297:Male; D019572:Retinal Neoplasms / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D012175:Retinoblastoma / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D012189:Retrospective Studies