title: Statins Are Associated With Reduced Mortality in Multiple Myeloma.
abstract: Purpose The 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-coenzyme A reductase inhibitors (statins) have activity in one of the pathways influenced by nitrogen-containing bisphosphonates, which are associated with improved survival in multiple myeloma (MM). To understand the benefit of statins in MM, we evaluated the association between statin use and mortality in a large cohort of patients with MM. Patients and Methods From the Veterans Administration Central Cancer Registry, we identified patients diagnosed with MM between 1999 and 2013. We defined statin use as the presence of any prescription for a statin within 3 months before or any time after MM diagnosis. Cox proportional hazards regression assessed the association of statin use with mortality, while controlling for known MM prognostic factors. Results We identified a cohort of 4,957 patients, of whom 2,294 received statin therapy. Statin use was associated with a 21% decrease in all-cause mortality (adjusted hazard ratio, 0.79; 95% CI, 0.73 to 0.86; P < .001) as well as a 24% decrease in MM-specific mortality (adjusted hazard ratio, 0.76; 95% CI, 0.67 to 0.86; P < .001). This association remained significant across all sensitivity analyses. In addition to reductions in mortality, statin use was associated with a 31% decreased risk of developing a skeletal-related event. Conclusion In this cohort study of US veterans with MM, statin therapy was associated with a reduced risk of both all-cause and MM-specific mortality. Our findings suggest a potential role for statin therapy in patients with MM. The putative benefit of statin therapy in MM should be corroborated in prospective studies.
authors.affiliation: Kristen Marie Sanfilippo, Suhong Luo, Jason Gumbel, and Kenneth R. Carson, St Louis Veterans Health Administration Medical Center; Kristen Marie Sanfilippo, Jesse Keller, Brian F. Gage, Gerald Moskowitz, Katiuscia O'Brian, and Kenneth R. Carson, Washington University School of Medicine; Brandon Blue, St Louis University, St Louis, MO; and Tzu-Fei Wang, The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbus, OH.
authors.forename: Kristen Marie
authors.initials: KM
authors.lastname: Sanfilippo
authors.affiliation: Kristen Marie Sanfilippo, Suhong Luo, Jason Gumbel, and Kenneth R. Carson, St Louis Veterans Health Administration Medical Center; Kristen Marie Sanfilippo, Jesse Keller, Brian F. Gage, Gerald Moskowitz, Katiuscia O'Brian, and Kenneth R. Carson, Washington University School of Medicine; Brandon Blue, St Louis University, St Louis, MO; and Tzu-Fei Wang, The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbus, OH.
authors.forename: Jesse
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Keller
authors.affiliation: Kristen Marie Sanfilippo, Suhong Luo, Jason Gumbel, and Kenneth R. Carson, St Louis Veterans Health Administration Medical Center; Kristen Marie Sanfilippo, Jesse Keller, Brian F. Gage, Gerald Moskowitz, Katiuscia O'Brian, and Kenneth R. Carson, Washington University School of Medicine; Brandon Blue, St Louis University, St Louis, MO; and Tzu-Fei Wang, The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbus, OH.
authors.forename: Brian F
authors.initials: BF
authors.lastname: Gage
authors.affiliation: Kristen Marie Sanfilippo, Suhong Luo, Jason Gumbel, and Kenneth R. Carson, St Louis Veterans Health Administration Medical Center; Kristen Marie Sanfilippo, Jesse Keller, Brian F. Gage, Gerald Moskowitz, Katiuscia O'Brian, and Kenneth R. Carson, Washington University School of Medicine; Brandon Blue, St Louis University, St Louis, MO; and Tzu-Fei Wang, The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbus, OH.
authors.forename: Suhong
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Luo
authors.affiliation: Kristen Marie Sanfilippo, Suhong Luo, Jason Gumbel, and Kenneth R. Carson, St Louis Veterans Health Administration Medical Center; Kristen Marie Sanfilippo, Jesse Keller, Brian F. Gage, Gerald Moskowitz, Katiuscia O'Brian, and Kenneth R. Carson, Washington University School of Medicine; Brandon Blue, St Louis University, St Louis, MO; and Tzu-Fei Wang, The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbus, OH.
authors.forename: Tzu-Fei
authors.initials: TF
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: Kristen Marie Sanfilippo, Suhong Luo, Jason Gumbel, and Kenneth R. Carson, St Louis Veterans Health Administration Medical Center; Kristen Marie Sanfilippo, Jesse Keller, Brian F. Gage, Gerald Moskowitz, Katiuscia O'Brian, and Kenneth R. Carson, Washington University School of Medicine; Brandon Blue, St Louis University, St Louis, MO; and Tzu-Fei Wang, The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbus, OH.
authors.forename: Gerald
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Moskowitz
authors.affiliation: Kristen Marie Sanfilippo, Suhong Luo, Jason Gumbel, and Kenneth R. Carson, St Louis Veterans Health Administration Medical Center; Kristen Marie Sanfilippo, Jesse Keller, Brian F. Gage, Gerald Moskowitz, Katiuscia O'Brian, and Kenneth R. Carson, Washington University School of Medicine; Brandon Blue, St Louis University, St Louis, MO; and Tzu-Fei Wang, The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbus, OH.
authors.forename: Jason
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Gumbel
authors.affiliation: Kristen Marie Sanfilippo, Suhong Luo, Jason Gumbel, and Kenneth R. Carson, St Louis Veterans Health Administration Medical Center; Kristen Marie Sanfilippo, Jesse Keller, Brian F. Gage, Gerald Moskowitz, Katiuscia O'Brian, and Kenneth R. Carson, Washington University School of Medicine; Brandon Blue, St Louis University, St Louis, MO; and Tzu-Fei Wang, The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbus, OH.
authors.forename: Brandon
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Blue
authors.affiliation: Kristen Marie Sanfilippo, Suhong Luo, Jason Gumbel, and Kenneth R. Carson, St Louis Veterans Health Administration Medical Center; Kristen Marie Sanfilippo, Jesse Keller, Brian F. Gage, Gerald Moskowitz, Katiuscia O'Brian, and Kenneth R. Carson, Washington University School of Medicine; Brandon Blue, St Louis University, St Louis, MO; and Tzu-Fei Wang, The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbus, OH.
authors.forename: Katiuscia
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: O'Brian
authors.affiliation: Kristen Marie Sanfilippo, Suhong Luo, Jason Gumbel, and Kenneth R. Carson, St Louis Veterans Health Administration Medical Center; Kristen Marie Sanfilippo, Jesse Keller, Brian F. Gage, Gerald Moskowitz, Katiuscia O'Brian, and Kenneth R. Carson, Washington University School of Medicine; Brandon Blue, St Louis University, St Louis, MO; and Tzu-Fei Wang, The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbus, OH.
authors.forename: Kenneth R
authors.initials: KR
authors.lastname: Carson
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D019161:Hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA Reductase Inhibitors / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D008297:Male; D009101:Multiple Myeloma / Q000401:mortality*; D016016:Proportional Hazards Models; D012042:Registries; D014481:United States / Q000453:epidemiology; D014493:United States Department of Veterans Affairs
chemical_list: D019161:Hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA Reductase Inhibitors