title: Leptomeningeal metastases of solid cancer.
abstract: To review recent original data on leptomeningeal metastases in patients with solid cancer.
  
  
  
  Lung and breast cancer as well as melanoma remain the most common primaries. Advanced cytological methods and targeted sequencing for candidate tumor-specific mutations may improve the sensitivity of cerebrospinal fluid diagnostics in leptomeningeal metastases. Targeted treatments like epidermal growth factor receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitors for non-small cell lung cancer, anti-human epidermal growth factor receptor-2 treatments for breast cancer or B-rapidly accelerated fibrosarcoma-targeted or immunotherapy for melanoma have an emerging role in the management of this condition.
  
  
  
  Novel diagnostic approaches and the introduction of targeted agents may improve the clinical management of patients with leptomeningeal metastases from solid cancers.
authors.affiliation: aBreast Unit, Department of Medical Oncology, Oscar Lambret Center bNeuro-oncology, Department of Neurosurgery, University Hospital cLille University, Inserm U-1192, Laboratoire de Protéomique, Réponse Inflammatoire, Spectrométrie de Masse (PRISM), Lille, France dDepartment of Oncology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA.
authors.forename: Emilie
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Le Rhun
authors.forename: Evanthia
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Galanis
mesh_terms: D000970:Antineoplastic Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use; D001943:Breast Neoplasms / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000473:pathology*; D002289:Carcinoma, Non-Small-Cell Lung / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000556:secondary*; D066246:ErbB Receptors / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors; D006801:Humans; D007167:Immunotherapy; D008175:Lung Neoplasms / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000473:pathology*; D008545:Melanoma / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000473:pathology*; D055756:Meningeal Carcinomatosis / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000473:pathology*; D009154:Mutation
chemical_list: D000970:Antineoplastic Agents; D066246:ErbB Receptors