title: Mortality benefits of vigorous air quality improvement interventions during the periods of APEC Blue and Parade Blue in Beijing, China.
abstract: Vigorous air pollution control measures were implemented during the 2014 Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation and a large-scale military parade (described here as "APEC Blue" and "Parade Blue" periods) in Beijing, China. A natural experiment was conducted in a health impact assessment framework to estimate the number of deaths attributable to PM2.5, using concentration-response functions derived from previous studies conducted in Beijing, combined with the differences in PM2.5concentrations between intervention and reference periods. Substantial reductions in daily PM2.5concentrations were observed during both intervention periods. Using the same dates from the prior year as a reference, daily PM2.5concentration decreased from 98.57 μg/m3to 47.53 μg/m3during "APEC Blue", and from 59.15 μg/m3to 17.07 μg/m3during the "Parade Blue". We estimated that 39-63 all-cause deaths (21-51 cardiovascular, 6-13 respiratory deaths) have been prevented during the APEC period; and 41-65 deaths (22-52 cardiovascular, 6-13 respiratory deaths) have been prevented during the Parade period. This study shows that substantial mortality reductions could be achieved by implementing stringent air pollution mitigation measures.
authors.affiliation: Guangdong Provincial Institute of Public Health, Guangdong Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Guangzhou, China.
authors.forename: Hualiang
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Lin
authors.affiliation: Guangdong Provincial Institute of Public Health, Guangdong Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Guangzhou, China.
authors.forename: Tao
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.affiliation: College for Public Health and Social Justice, Saint Louis University, Saint Louis, United States.
authors.forename: Fang
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Fang
authors.affiliation: Guangdong Provincial Institute of Public Health, Guangdong Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Guangzhou, China.
authors.forename: Jianpeng
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Xiao
authors.affiliation: Guangdong Provincial Institute of Public Health, Guangdong Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Guangzhou, China.
authors.forename: Weilin
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Zeng
authors.affiliation: Guangdong Provincial Institute of Public Health, Guangdong Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Guangzhou, China.
authors.forename: Xing
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: Guangdong Provincial Institute of Public Health, Guangdong Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Guangzhou, China.
authors.forename: Lingchuan
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Guo
authors.affiliation: School of Public Health, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, 21 Sassoon Road, Pokfulam, Hong Kong, China.
authors.forename: Linwei
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Tian
authors.affiliation: College for Public Health and Social Justice, Saint Louis University, Saint Louis, United States.
authors.forename: Mario
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Schootman
authors.affiliation: College for Public Health and Social Justice, Saint Louis University, Saint Louis, United States.
authors.forename: Katherine A
authors.initials: KA
authors.lastname: Stamatakis
authors.affiliation: College for Public Health and Social Justice, Saint Louis University, Saint Louis, United States. Electronic address: zqian2@slu.edu.
authors.forename: Zhengmin
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Qian
authors.affiliation: Guangdong Provincial Institute of Public Health, Guangdong Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Guangzhou, China. Electronic address: mawj@gdiph.org.cn.
authors.forename: Wenjun
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Ma
mesh_terms: D000393:Air Pollutants / Q000032:analysis*; D000397:Air Pollution / Q000331:legislation & jurisprudence / Q000517:prevention & control* / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D000068476:Beijing; D002681:China; D004784:Environmental Monitoring; D058735:Environmental Policy; D006801:Humans; D009026:Mortality / Q000639:trends*; D052638:Particulate Matter / Q000032:analysis*; D058996:Quality Improvement
chemical_list: D000393:Air Pollutants; D052638:Particulate Matter
keywords: APEC Blue; Air pollution; Beijing; Intervention; Mortality