title: Genetic Moderation of Intervention Efficacy: Dopaminergic Genes, The Incredible Years, and Externalizing Behavior in Children.
abstract: This study investigated whether children scoring higher on a polygenic plasticity index based on five dopaminergic genes (DRD4, DRD2, DAT1, MAOA, and COMT) benefited the most from the Incredible Years (IY) parent program. Data were used from a randomized controlled trial including 341 Dutch families with 4- to 8-year-old children (55.7% boys) showing moderate to high levels of problem behavior. IY proved to be most effective in decreasing parent-reported (but not observed) externalizing behavior in boys (but not girls) carrying more rather than fewer dopaminergic plasticity alleles; this Gene × Intervention effect was most pronounced in the case of boys whose parents' manifested the most positive change in parenting in response to the intervention. These results proved robust across a variety of sampling specifications (e.g., intention to treat, ethnicity).
authors.affiliation: University of Amsterdam.|Utrecht University.
authors.forename: Rabia R
authors.initials: RR
authors.lastname: Chhangur
authors.affiliation: University of Amsterdam.|Utrecht University.
authors.forename: Joyce
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Weeland
authors.affiliation: University of Amsterdam.
authors.forename: Geertjan
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Overbeek
authors.affiliation: Utrecht University.
authors.forename: Walter
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Matthys
authors.affiliation: Utrecht University.
authors.forename: Bram
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Orobio de Castro
authors.affiliation: University of Amsterdam.
authors.forename: Danielle
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: van der Giessen
authors.affiliation: University of California, Davis.
authors.forename: Jay
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Belsky
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D002648:Child; D002652:Child Behavior / Q000502:physiology*; D002675:Child, Preschool; D004298:Dopamine / Q000235:genetics; D004505:Education, Nonprofessional / Q000379:methods*; D005260:Female; D059647:Gene-Environment Interaction; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D017063:Outcome Assessment, Health Care; D016487:Parenting; D000066553:Problem Behavior
chemical_list: D004298:Dopamine