title: Seroprotection status of hepatitis B and measles vaccines in children with type 1 diabetes mellitus.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) is speculated to have an impaired immunological response to vaccines. This paper aimed to investigate the presence of specific antibodies against hepatitis B virus (HBV) and measles in diabetic children who had been immunized according to the standard national calendar of immunization.
  
  
  METHODS
  Two hundred and one diabetic children and 140 healthy controls were prospectively evaluated. Antibodies against hepatitis B (anti-HBs) and measles were detected in all individuals who completed the vaccination schedule. We noted onset of T1DM, duration of the disease, diabetes-related autoantibodies and mean HbA1c levels.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Some 72.6% of diabetics and 82.1% of controls had anti-HBs (+) (p=0.04). We found a reduced efficacy of measles vaccination in anti-HBs (-) diabetic children (p=0.009), even though there was no significant difference between the study and control groups. Onset of the disease was earlier in anti-HBs (-) diabetics than in controls (p=0.038). No difference with respect to other parameters was found.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our data showed a reduced seroprotection rate for HBV vaccination in diabetic children and for measles with anti-HBs (-) diabetics. Larger studies should be encouraged to confirm the vaccine efficacy in diabetic children and to elucidate possible pathogenic mechanisms.
authors.forename: Zerrin
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Onal
authors.forename: Atilla
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Ersen
authors.forename: Elvan
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Bayramoglu
authors.forename: Selcen
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Yaroglu Kazancı
authors.forename: Hasan
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Onal
authors.forename: Erdal
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Adal
mesh_terms: D002648:Child; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D003922:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1 / Q000276:immunology*; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006509:Hepatitis B / Q000097:blood / Q000276:immunology / Q000517:prevention & control*; D006510:Hepatitis B Antibodies / Q000097:blood; D017325:Hepatitis B Vaccines / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D006515:Hepatitis B virus / Q000276:immunology; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008457:Measles / Q000097:blood / Q000276:immunology / Q000517:prevention & control*; D008458:Measles Vaccine / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D011379:Prognosis; D014611:Vaccination
chemical_list: D006510:Hepatitis B Antibodies; D017325:Hepatitis B Vaccines; D008458:Measles Vaccine