title: Sex Steroids Regulate Expression of Genes Containing Long Interspersed Elements-1s in Breast Cancer Cells.
abstract: Long interspersed elements-1s (LINE-1s) are dispersed all over the human genome. There is evidence that hypomethylation of LINE-1s and levels of sex steroids regulate gene expression leading to cancer development. Here, we compared mRNA levels of genes containing an intragenic LINE-1 in breast cancer cells treated with various sex steroids from Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO), with the gene expression database using chi-square analysis (http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/geo). We evaluated whether sex steroids influence expression of genes containing an intragenic LINE-1. Three sex steroids at various concentrations, 1 and 10 nM estradiol (E2), 10 nM progesterone (PG) and 10 nM androgen (AN), were assessed. In breast cancer cells treated with 1 or 10 nM E2, a significant percentage of genes containing an intragenic LINE-1 were down-regulated. A highly significant percentage of E2-regulated genes containing an intragenic LINE-1 was down-regulated in cells treated with 1 nM E2 for 3 hours (<3.70E-25; OR=1.91; 95% CI=2.16-1.69). Similarly, high percentages of PG or AN- regulated genes containing an intragenic LINE-1 were also down-regulated in cells treated with 10 nM PG or 10 nM AN for 16 hr (p=9.53E-06; OR=1.65; 95% CI=2.06-1.32 and p=3.81E-14; OR=2.01; 95% CI=2.42-1.67). Interestingly, a significant percentage of AN-regulated genes containing an intragenic LINE-1 was up-regulated in cells treated with 10 nM AN for 16 hr (p=4.03E-02; OR=1.40; 95% CI=1.95-1.01). These findings suggest that intragenic LINE-1s may play roles in sex steroid mediated gene expression in breast cancer cells, which could have significant implications for the development and progression of sex steroid-dependent cancers.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand E-mail : virojb@me.com.
authors.forename: Saichon
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Chaiwongwatanakul
authors.forename: Pattamawadee
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Yanatatsaneejit
authors.forename: Sissades
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Tongsima
authors.forename: Apiwat
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Mutirangura
authors.forename: Viroj
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Boonyaratanakornkit
mesh_terms: D001943:Breast Neoplasms / Q000235:genetics*; D045744:Cell Line, Tumor; D015536:Down-Regulation / Q000235:genetics; D005260:Female; D015972:Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic / Q000235:genetics*; D015894:Genome, Human / Q000235:genetics; D012739:Gonadal Steroid Hormones / Q000235:genetics*; D006801:Humans; D020084:Long Interspersed Nucleotide Elements / Q000235:genetics*; D061986:MCF-7 Cells; D015854:Up-Regulation / Q000235:genetics
chemical_list: D012739:Gonadal Steroid Hormones