title: A Prospective Observational Study of the Classification of the Perineum and Evaluation of Perineal Repair at the Time of Posterior Colporrhaphy.
abstract: The aim of this prospective observational study was to obtain a better understanding of the anatomy and to classify the observed different perineal presentations at the time of posterior colporrhaphy and to describe specific surgical techniques used.
  
  
  
  To classify the observed perineal findings, the Pelvic Organ Prolapse Quantification System with a newly introduced additional measurement of the perineal ridge (PR) was taken intraoperatively and postoperatively in 121 consecutive women undergoing posterior colporrhaphy. Dependent on the preoperative classification of the perineum as being normal (type 1), deficient (type 2), or with a PR (type 3), a specific surgical repair was performed for each type of perineal presentation.
  
  
  
  The perineal presentations were categorized into 3 defined groups. Type 1 (normal perineum) was seen in 40%, type 2 (deficient perineum) in 13%, and type 3 (PR) in 47%. A type 1 correlates with prior cesarean section (P = 0.29), a type 2 correlates with prior vaginal delivery (P = 0.05), and type 3 perineum with prior pelvic floor surgery (P < 0.0001). When perineal type-specific surgical techniques were performed, the perineal body length increased postoperatively in type 2 (P < 0.05), decreased in type 3 (P < 0.05), and remained unchanged in those with type 1 defects.
  
  
  
  This study demonstrates that the perineal region can be clearly defined into 3 categories. The distinct perineal presentation correlates with the previous gynecological history. With a specific perineal repair at the time of posterior colporrhaphy, the perineal anatomy can be restored in the short term.
authors.affiliation: From the *Royal Brisbane and Women's Hospital, Urogynaecology and University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia; †University Hospital, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands; and ‡Department for Clinical Psychology, University Hospital of Bern, Bern, Switzerland.
authors.forename: Corina
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Christmann-Schmid
authors.forename: Annemijn Philine Annette
authors.initials: AP
authors.lastname: Wierenga
authors.forename: Eveline
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Frischknecht
authors.forename: Christopher
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Maher
mesh_terms: D036861:Delivery, Obstetric / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D004414:Dyspareunia / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007045:Hysterectomy, Vaginal / Q000379:methods; D008875:Middle Aged; D017773:Pelvic Floor / Q000601:surgery; D056887:Pelvic Organ Prolapse / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery*; D010502:Perineum / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery*; D011183:Postoperative Complications / Q000473:pathology; D011446:Prospective Studies; D011788:Quality of Life; D024162:Second-Look Surgery; D013536:Suture Techniques; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D014621:Vagina / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery