title: Cerenkov Radiation Induced Photodynamic Therapy Using Chlorin e6-Loaded Hollow Mesoporous Silica Nanoparticles.
abstract: Traditional photodynamic therapy (PDT) requires external light to activate photosensitizers for therapeutic purposes. However, the limited tissue penetration of light is still a major challenge for this method. To overcome this limitation, we report an optimized system that uses Cerenkov radiation for PDT by using radionuclides to activate a well-known photosensitizer (chlorin e6, Ce6). By taking advantage of hollow mesoporous silica nanoparticles (HMSNs) that can intrinsically radiolabel an oxophilic zirconium-89 (89Zr, t1/2= 78.4 h) radionuclide, as well as possess great drug loading capacity, Ce6 can be activated by Cerenkov radiation from89Zr in the same nanoconstruct. In vitro cell viability experiments demonstrated dose-dependent cell deconstruction as a function of the concentration of Ce6 and89Zr. In vivo studies show inhibition of tumor growth when mice were subcutaneously injected with [89Zr]HMSN-Ce6, and histological analysis of the tumor section showed damage to tumor tissues, implying that reactive oxygen species mediated the destruction. This study offers a way to use an internal radiation source to achieve deep-seated tumor therapy without using any external light source for future applications.
authors.forename: Anyanee
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Kamkaew
authors.affiliation: Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials, Collaborative Innovation Center of Suzhou Nano Science and Technology, Soochow University , Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, China.
authors.forename: Liang
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Cheng
authors.forename: Shreya
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Goel
authors.forename: Hector F
authors.initials: HF
authors.lastname: Valdovinos
authors.forename: Todd E
authors.initials: TE
authors.lastname: Barnhart
authors.affiliation: Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials, Collaborative Innovation Center of Suzhou Nano Science and Technology, Soochow University , Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, China.
authors.forename: Zhuang
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.affiliation: University of Wisconsin Carbone Cancer Centre , Madison, Wisconsin United States.
authors.forename: Weibo
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Cai
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D045744:Cell Line, Tumor; D002735:Chlorophyllides; D051379:Mice; D053758:Nanoparticles; D010778:Photochemotherapy; D017319:Photosensitizing Agents; D011166:Porphyrins; D011868:Radioisotopes; D012822:Silicon Dioxide; D015040:Zirconium
chemical_list: D002735:Chlorophyllides; D017319:Photosensitizing Agents; D011166:Porphyrins; D011868:Radioisotopes; C062985:phytochlorin; D012822:Silicon Dioxide; D015040:Zirconium; C000615502:Zirconium-89
keywords: Cerenkov radiation; chlorin e6; hollow mesoporous silica nanoparticles; photodynamic therapy; positron emission tomography