title: First-order and higher order sequence learning in specific language impairment.
abstract: A core claim of the procedural deficit hypothesis of specific language impairment (SLI) is that the disorder is associated with poor implicit sequence learning. This study investigated whether implicit sequence learning problems in SLI are present for first-order conditional (FOC) and higher order conditional (HOC) sequences.
  
  
  
  Twenty-five children with SLI and 27 age-matched, nonlanguage-impaired children completed 2 serial reaction time tasks. On 1 version, the sequence to be implicitly learnt comprised a FOC sequence and on the other a HOC sequence.
  
  
  
  Results showed that the SLI group learned the HOC sequence (ηp² = .285, p = .005) but not the FOC sequence (ηp² = .099, p = .118). The control group learned both sequences (FOC ηp² = .497, HOC ηp2= .465, ps < .001).
  
  
  
  The SLI group's difficulty learning the FOC sequence is consistent with the procedural deficit hypothesis. However, the study provides new evidence that multiple mechanisms may underpin the learning of FOC and HOC sequences. (PsycINFO Database Record
authors.affiliation: Cognitive Neuroscience Unit.
authors.forename: Gillian M
authors.initials: GM
authors.lastname: Clark
authors.affiliation: Cognitive Neuroscience Unit.
authors.forename: Jarrad A G
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Lum
mesh_terms: D001288:Attention; D002648:Child; D003118:Color Perception; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007805:Language Development Disorders / Q000145:classification / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000523:psychology*; D007806:Language Disorders; D007807:Language Tests; D008297:Male; D009949:Orientation; D010364:Pattern Recognition, Visual; D011930:Reaction Time; D012691:Serial Learning