title: [Diagnosis of the scaphoid bone : Fractures, nonunion, circulation, perfusion].
abstract: The clinical relevance of scaphoid bone fractures is reflected by their high incidence, accounting for approximately 60 % among carpal fractures and for 2-3 % of all fractures. With adequate therapy most scaphoid bone fractures heal completely without complications. Insufficient immobilization or undiagnosed fractures increase the risk of nonunion and the development of pseudarthrosis.X-ray examination enables initial diagnosis of scaphoid fracture in 70-80 % of cases. Positive clinical symptoms by negative x‑ray results require further diagnostics by multi-slice spiral CT (MSCT) or MRI to exclude or confirm a fracture. In addition to the diagnosis and description of fractures MSCT is helpful for determining the stage of nonunion. Contrast enhanced MRI is the best method to assess the vitality of scaphoid fragments.
authors.affiliation: Institut für Radiologie und Neuroradiologie, Unfallkrankenhaus Berlin, Warener Str. 7, 12683, Berlin, Deutschland. thomas.kahl@ukb.de.
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Kahl
authors.affiliation: Institut für Radiologie und Neuroradiologie, Unfallkrankenhaus Berlin, Warener Str. 7, 12683, Berlin, Deutschland.
authors.forename: F K
authors.initials: FK
authors.lastname: Razny
authors.affiliation: Institut für Radiologie und Neuroradiologie, Unfallkrankenhaus Berlin, Warener Str. 7, 12683, Berlin, Deutschland.
authors.forename: J P
authors.initials: JP
authors.lastname: Benter
authors.affiliation: Institut für vegetative Anatomie, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Deutschland.
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Mutig
authors.affiliation: Institut für Radiologie und Neuroradiologie, Unfallkrankenhaus Berlin, Warener Str. 7, 12683, Berlin, Deutschland.|Institut für Radiologie, Universitätsmedizin Greifswald, Greifswald, Deutschland.
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Hegenscheid
authors.affiliation: Institut für Radiologie und Neuroradiologie, Unfallkrankenhaus Berlin, Warener Str. 7, 12683, Berlin, Deutschland.|Institut für Radiologie, Universitätsmedizin Greifswald, Greifswald, Deutschland.
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Mutze
authors.affiliation: Klinik für Hand-, Replantations- und Mikrochirurgie, Unfallkrankenhaus Berlin, Berlin, Deutschland.|Hand- und funktionelle Mikrochirurgie, Universitätsmedizin Greifswald, Greifswald, Deutschland.
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Eisenschenk
mesh_terms: D001783:Blood Flow Velocity; D003937:Diagnosis, Differential; D050723:Fractures, Bone / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D005599:Fractures, Ununited / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D006801:Humans; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging / Q000379:methods; D061330:Multidetector Computed Tomography / Q000379:methods; D055420:Perfusion Imaging / Q000379:methods*; D021361:Scaphoid Bone / Q000098:blood supply / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000293:injuries*
keywords: Bone fractures; Injuries, wrist; Os naviculare manus; Os scaphoideum; Perfusion