title: LPS and neuroinflammation: a matter of timing.
abstract: Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) administration has been repeatedly shown to elicit central inflammation, regardless of the route of administration. In a recent study, Tiwari et al. (Inflammopharmacology 10.1007/s10787-016-0274-3 , 2016) dispute the potential of peripheral administration of LPS to induce neuroinflammation. Here, I summarise literature indicating that the neuroinflammatory effects of LPS are time dependent, and suggest that their findings can be explained by the time at which they chose to measure neuroinflammation.
authors.affiliation: Department of Evolutionary Biology and Environmental Studies, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland. patricia.lopes@ieu.uzh.ch.
authors.forename: Patricia C
authors.initials: PC
authors.lastname: Lopes
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D006801:Humans; D007249:Inflammation / Q000139:chemically induced* / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000378:metabolism*; D018836:Inflammation Mediators / Q000378:metabolism*; D008070:Lipopolysaccharides / Q000633:toxicity*; D013997:Time Factors
chemical_list: D018836:Inflammation Mediators; D008070:Lipopolysaccharides
keywords: Lipopolysaccharide; Neuroinflammation; Time-dependent effects