title: Pulmonary injury at the anhepatic phase without veno-venous bypass in portal hypertensive rats.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  In order to understand the characterization and evolution of pulmonary injury, a portal hypertension rat model was used to imitate the anhepatic phase during standard orthotopic liver transplantation without veno-venous bypass.
  
  
  METHODS
  In this study, 135 healthy male Wistar rats were selected; in which 15 rats were assigned in the normal control (NC) group and the remaining 120 rats were used to establish a recoverable prehepatic portal hypertension model, which were further evenly divided into eight groups after ischemia-reperfusion: portal hypertensive control group (PHTC), R0h, R6h, R12h, R24h, R48h, R72h, and R7d groups. Meanwhile, arterial blood pressure, dry-to-wet weight ratios of the lung, alanine aminotransferase (ALT) level in serum, arterial oxygen pressure (PaO2), and myeloperoxidase (MPO) activity in lung tissue were measured. Morphology changes of the lung were observed using an optical microscope and a transmission electron microscope.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The portal hypertension rat model was successfully established three weeks after the first operation. These portal hypertensive rats could withstand 1 hour at the anhepatic phase. Pulmonary injury severity increased to the most at 12-24 hours, and decreased to normal at seven days after reperfusion.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Ischemia-reperfusion injury is an important mechanism that results in pulmonary injury after liver transplantation. It is safe for portal hypertensive rats to tolerate 1 hour at the anhepatic phase. Pulmonary injury was the most severe within 12-24 hours after ischemia-reperfusion.
authors.affiliation: a Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery , The Third Hospital of Hebei Medical University , Shijiazhuang , Hebei Province , China.
authors.forename: Xin
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Zhao
authors.affiliation: a Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery , The Third Hospital of Hebei Medical University , Shijiazhuang , Hebei Province , China.
authors.forename: Qiang
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Zeng
authors.affiliation: a Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery , The Third Hospital of Hebei Medical University , Shijiazhuang , Hebei Province , China.
authors.forename: Guijun
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Ren
authors.affiliation: a Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery , The Third Hospital of Hebei Medical University , Shijiazhuang , Hebei Province , China.
authors.forename: Jinglin
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Cao
authors.affiliation: a Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery , The Third Hospital of Hebei Medical University , Shijiazhuang , Hebei Province , China.
authors.forename: Jian
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Dou
authors.affiliation: a Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery , The Third Hospital of Hebei Medical University , Shijiazhuang , Hebei Province , China.
authors.forename: Qingjun
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Gao
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D006975:Hypertension, Portal / Q000503:physiopathology*; D016031:Liver Transplantation / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000379:methods; D008168:Lung / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology / Q000503:physiopathology; D055370:Lung Injury / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000209:etiology / Q000378:metabolism / Q000503:physiopathology; D008297:Male; D011183:Postoperative Complications / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000209:etiology / Q000378:metabolism / Q000503:physiopathology; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D015427:Reperfusion Injury / Q000209:etiology / Q000378:metabolism / Q000503:physiopathology; D012720:Severity of Illness Index; D013997:Time Factors
keywords: Anhepatic phase; ischemia-reperfusion; liver transplantation; portal hypertension; pulmonary injury