title: Monitoring and exposure assessment of pesticide residues in cowpea (Vigna unguiculata L. Walp) from five provinces of southern China.
abstract: Residues of 14 pesticides were determined in 150 cowpea samples collected in five southern Chinese provinces in 2013 and 2014.70% samples were detected one or more residues. 61.3% samples were illegal mainly because of detection of unauthorized pesticides. 14.0% samples contained more than three pesticides. Deterministic and probabilistic methods were used to assess the chronic and acute risk of pesticides in cowpea to eight subgroups of people. Deterministic assessment showed that the estimated short-term intakes (ESTIs) of carbofuran were 1199.4%-2621.9% of the acute reference doses (ARfD) while the rates were 985.9%-4114.7% using probabilistic assessment. Probabilistic assessment showed 4.2%-7.8% subjects may suffer from unacceptable acute risk from carbofuran contaminated cowpeas from the five provinces (especially children). But undue concern is not necessary, because all the estimations are based on conservative assumption.
authors.affiliation: Hainan Provincial Key Laboratory of Quality and Safety for Tropical Fruits and Vegetables, Analysis and Testing Center, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Haikou 571101, China. Electronic address: huanzhibo@163.com.
authors.forename: Zhibo
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Huan
authors.affiliation: Hainan Provincial Key Laboratory of Quality and Safety for Tropical Fruits and Vegetables, Analysis and Testing Center, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Haikou 571101, China.
authors.forename: Zhi
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Xu
authors.affiliation: Hainan Provincial Key Laboratory of Quality and Safety for Tropical Fruits and Vegetables, Analysis and Testing Center, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Haikou 571101, China.
authors.forename: Jinhui
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Luo
authors.affiliation: Hainan Provincial Key Laboratory of Quality and Safety for Tropical Fruits and Vegetables, Analysis and Testing Center, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Haikou 571101, China.
authors.forename: Defang
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Xie
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D002681:China; D004784:Environmental Monitoring; D005260:Female; D005506:Food Contamination / Q000032:analysis*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010573:Pesticide Residues / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000032:analysis*; D018570:Risk Assessment; D000070658:Vigna / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000737:chemistry*; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D010573:Pesticide Residues
keywords: Deterministic assessment; Exposure assessment; Monitoring; Probabilistic assessment