title: Protective effect of isoquercitrin against acute dextran sulfate sodium-induced rat colitis depends on the severity of tissue damage.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Isoquercitrin (quercetin-3-O-β-d-glucopyranoside) is a flavonoid that exhibited antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities in a number of in vitro and in vivo studies. Experimental evidence from rodent models of inflammatory bowel disease is, however, lacking. This study was designed to examine whether isoquercitrin effectively and dose-dependently attenuates acute dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)-induced rat colitis.
  
  
  METHODS
  Wistar rats were divided into negative control group (exposed to vehicle only), positive control group (DSS-induced colitis plus vehicle), low isoquercitrin group (DSS pretreated with isoquercitrin 1mg/kg/day) and high isoquercitrin group (DSS with isoquercitrin 10mg/kg/day). Isoquercitrin was administered daily for 14days, and during the last 7days rats drank DSS solution. The effect of isoquercitrin on DSS-induced colitis was assessed clinically (e.g. disease activity index), biochemically (tissue myeloperoxidase activity, local cyclooxygenase-2 expression), using histology (standard hematoxylin-eosin-based histomorphometry, immunohistochemical detection of inducible nitric oxide synthase) and hematology (blood count).
  
  
  RESULTS
  Isoquercitrin dose-dependently ameliorated whole colon shortening and mitigated DSS-induced expression of cyclooxygenase-2 and inducible nitric oxide synthase in the descending segment of the organ. However, when different parts of colon were assessed histomorphometrically, the results did not globally support the protective role of this flavonoid. Tissue healing trends observable in the descending colon were not apparent in the rectum, where histological damage was most severe.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  We surmise that isoquercitrin may be effective in the prevention of acute colitis. Besides being dose-dependent, the potency of orally administered isoquercitrin may depend on the severity of tissue damage and/or on the site of its action.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medical Chemistry and Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Palacký University, Olomouc, Czech Republic. Electronic address: norbert.cibicek@upol.cz.
authors.forename: Norbert
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Cibiček
authors.affiliation: Department of Medical Chemistry and Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Palacký University, Olomouc, Czech Republic.
authors.forename: Lenka
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Roubalová
authors.affiliation: Department of Medical Chemistry and Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Palacký University, Olomouc, Czech Republic.
authors.forename: Jiří
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Vrba
authors.affiliation: Department of Medical Chemistry and Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Palacký University, Olomouc, Czech Republic.
authors.forename: Martina
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Zatloukalová
authors.affiliation: Department of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Palacký University, Olomouc, Czech Republic.
authors.forename: Jiří
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Ehrmann
authors.affiliation: Department of Medical Biophysics, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Palacký University, Olomouc, Czech Republic.
authors.forename: Jana
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Zapletalová
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Palacký University, Olomouc, Czech Republic.
authors.forename: Rostislav
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Večeřa
authors.affiliation: Institute of Microbiology, Laboratory of Biotransformation, Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic.
authors.forename: Vladimír
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Křen
authors.affiliation: Department of Medical Chemistry and Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Palacký University, Olomouc, Czech Republic.
authors.forename: Jitka
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Ulrichová
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D003092:Colitis / Q000139:chemically induced* / Q000473:pathology / Q000517:prevention & control*; D016264:Dextran Sulfate / Q000633:toxicity*; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D008297:Male; D020011:Protective Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use; D011794:Quercetin / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D011897:Random Allocation; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D012720:Severity of Illness Index
chemical_list: D020011:Protective Agents; C016527:isoquercitrin; D016264:Dextran Sulfate; D011794:Quercetin
keywords: Colitis; Dextran sulfate sodium; Isoquercitrin; Quercetin-3-O-β-d-glucopyranoside; Rat