title: Time-dependent effects of ultraviolet and nonthermal atmospheric pressure plasma on the biological activity of titanium.
abstract: Here, we evaluated time-dependent changes in the effects of ultraviolet (UV) and nonthermal atmospheric pressure plasma (NTAPPJ) on the biological activity of titanium compared with that of untreated titanium. Grade IV machined surface titanium discs (12-mm diameter) were used immediately and stored up to 28 days after 15-min UV or 10-min NTAPPJ treatment. Changes of surface characteristics over time were evaluated using scanning electron microscopy, surface profiling, contact angle analysis, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, and surface zeta-potential. Changes in biological activity over time were as determined by analysing bovine serum albumin adsorption, MC3T3-E1 early adhesion and morphometry, and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity between groups. We found no differences in the effects of treatment on titanium between UV or NTAPPJ over time; both treatments resulted in changes from negatively charged hydrophobic (bioinert) to positively charged hydrophilic (bioactive) surfaces, allowing enhancement of albumin adsorption, osteoblastic cell attachment, and cytoskeleton development. Although this effect may not be prolonged for promotion of cell adhesion until 4 weeks, the effects were sufficient to maintain ALP activity after 7 days of incubation. This positive effect of UV and NTAPPJ treatment can enhance the biological activity of titanium over time.
authors.affiliation: Department of Orthodontics, The Institute of Cranio-Facial Deformity, College of Dentistry, Yonsei University, Seoul, 03722, Korea.
authors.forename: Sung-Hwan
authors.initials: SH
authors.lastname: Choi
authors.affiliation: Department and Research Institute of Dental Biomaterials and Bioengineering, BK21 PLUS Project, College of Dentistry, Yonsei University, Seoul, 03722, Korea.
authors.forename: Won-Seok
authors.initials: WS
authors.lastname: Jeong
authors.affiliation: Department of Orthodontics, The Institute of Cranio-Facial Deformity, College of Dentistry, Yonsei University, Seoul, 03722, Korea.
authors.forename: Jung-Yul
authors.initials: JY
authors.lastname: Cha
authors.affiliation: Department of Prosthodontics, College of Dentistry, Yonsei University, Seoul, 03722, Korea.
authors.forename: Jae-Hoon
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.affiliation: Department of Orthodontics, The Institute of Cranio-Facial Deformity, College of Dentistry, Yonsei University, Seoul, 03722, Korea.
authors.forename: Hyung-Seog
authors.initials: HS
authors.lastname: Yu
authors.affiliation: Department of Electrobiological Physics, Department of Plasma Bioscience Display, Department of Defence Acquisition, Plasma Bioscience Research Center, Kwangwoon University, Seoul, 01897, Korea.
authors.forename: Eun-Ha
authors.initials: EH
authors.lastname: Choi
authors.affiliation: Department and Research Institute of Dental Biomaterials and Bioengineering, BK21 PLUS Project, College of Dentistry, Yonsei University, Seoul, 03722, Korea.
authors.forename: Kwang-Mahn
authors.initials: KM
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.affiliation: Department of Orthodontics, The Institute of Cranio-Facial Deformity, College of Dentistry, Yonsei University, Seoul, 03722, Korea.
authors.forename: Chung-Ju
authors.initials: CJ
authors.lastname: Hwang
mesh_terms: D000327:Adsorption; D000418:Albumins / Q000737:chemistry; D000469:Alkaline Phosphatase / Q000378:metabolism; D000818:Animals; D002448:Cell Adhesion / Q000187:drug effects; D002460:Cell Line; D048430:Cell Shape / Q000187:drug effects; D057927:Hydrophobic and Hydrophilic Interactions; D021621:Imaging, Three-Dimensional; D051379:Mice; D010006:Osteoblasts / Q000166:cytology / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D058626:Plasma Gases / Q000494:pharmacology*; D013499:Surface Properties; D013997:Time Factors; D014025:Titanium / Q000494:pharmacology*; D014466:Ultraviolet Rays
chemical_list: D000418:Albumins; D058626:Plasma Gases; D014025:Titanium; D000469:Alkaline Phosphatase