title: Macrophages modulate the growth and differentiation of rhesus monkey embryonic trophoblasts.
abstract: Immune cells within the endometrium at implantation are thought to play an important role in implantation, although their exact role is not well understood.
  
  
  
  A co-culture system of rhesus monkey embryos and maternal immune cells was established. Blastocysts obtained by in vitro fertilization were co-cultured with peripheral blood cells or decidual macrophages. Culture media were collected to assess secretions. Embryo growth was monitored, and trophoblasts were evaluated for proliferation, apoptosis, and differentiation.
  
  
  
  Embryonic trophoblast outgrowths were visible within 6 days of culture, and the area of embryo outgrowth was reduced when blastocysts were cultured with peripheral-derived or decidual macrophages. Trophoblast proliferation was not significantly affected with macrophage co-culture while chorionic gonadotropin secretion was increased. Trophoblast expression of CDH 11 and GJA1 was increased, suggesting that macrophages accelerate differentiation of peri-implantation trophoblasts.
  
  
  
  These results indicate an important role of macrophages in placentation and pregnancy success.
authors.affiliation: Wisconsin National Primate Research Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA.
authors.forename: Ann E
authors.initials: AE
authors.lastname: Rozner
authors.affiliation: Department of Comparative Biosciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA.|Obstetrics and Gynecology, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA.
authors.forename: Maureen
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Durning
authors.affiliation: Wisconsin National Primate Research Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA.
authors.forename: Jenna
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Kropp
authors.affiliation: Department of Comparative Biosciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA.
authors.forename: Gregory J
authors.initials: GJ
authors.lastname: Wiepz
authors.affiliation: Wisconsin National Primate Research Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA. golos@primate.wisc.edu.|Department of Comparative Biosciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA. golos@primate.wisc.edu.|Obstetrics and Gynecology, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA. golos@primate.wisc.edu.
authors.forename: Thaddeus G
authors.initials: TG
authors.lastname: Golos
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D017209:Apoptosis; D001755:Blastocyst / Q000473:pathology*; D002450:Cell Communication; D002454:Cell Differentiation; D048708:Cell Growth Processes; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D018920:Coculture Techniques; D010064:Embryo Implantation; D004717:Endometrium / Q000276:immunology*; D005260:Female; D047109:Fetal Development; D006801:Humans; D008253:Macaca mulatta; D008264:Macrophages / Q000502:physiology*; D011247:Pregnancy; D014327:Trophoblasts / Q000502:physiology*
keywords: decidua; embryo; implantation; macrophage; trophoblast