title: Global Prostate Cancer Incidence and Mortality Rates According to the Human Development Index.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Prostate cancer (PC) is one of the leading causes of death, especially in developed countries. The human development index (HDI) and its dimensions seem correlated with incidence and mortality rates of PC. This study aimed to assess the association of the specific components of HDI (life expectancy at birth, education, gross national income per 1000 capita, health, and living standards) with burden indicators of PC worldwide.
  
  
  METHODS
  Information of the incidence and mortality rates of PC was obtained from the GLOBOCAN cancer project in year 2012 and data about the HDI 2013 were obtained from the World Bank database. The correlation between incidence, mortality rates, and the HDI parameters were assessed using STATA software.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A significant inequality of PC incidence rates was observed according to concentration indexes=0.25 with 95% CI (0.22, 0.34) and a negative mortality concentration index of -0.04 with 95% CI (-0.09, 0.01) was observed.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  A positive significant correlation was detected between the incidence rates of PC and the HDI and its dimensions including life expectancy at birth, education, income, urbanization level and obesity. However, there was a negative significant correlation between the standardized mortality rates and the life expectancy, income and HDI.
authors.affiliation: Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran E-mail : mahin.ahmadipishkuhi@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Salman
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Khazaei
authors.forename: Shahab
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Rezaeian
authors.forename: Erfan
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Ayubi
authors.forename: Behzad
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Gholamaliee
authors.forename: Mahin Ahmadi
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Pishkuhi
authors.forename: Somayeh
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Khazaei
authors.forename: Kamyar
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Mansori
authors.forename: Shahrzad
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Nematollahi
authors.forename: Mohadeseh
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Sani
authors.forename: Shiva Mansouri
authors.initials: SM
authors.lastname: Hanis
mesh_terms: D019049:Developed Countries; D003906:Developing Countries; D014943:Global Health / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D006801:Humans; D015994:Incidence; D007182:Income; D008017:Life Expectancy; D008297:Male; D009026:Mortality; D011467:Prostate / Q000473:pathology; D011471:Prostatic Neoplasms / Q000208:ethnology* / Q000401:mortality*; D012959:Socioeconomic Factors; D014480:United Nations