title: Fertility Potential in Adult Hypospadias.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Hypospadias is a congenital anomaly of the urogenital tract characterized by abnormal location of the external urethral meatus over ventral aspect of penis. The ideal time to correct primary hypospadias is when aged 6-12 months. However, in some developing countries, such as ours, this anomaly may be left untreated until adulthood. There are multiple risk factors responsible for development of this anomaly, out of which paternal sub fertility is one of them. As the child grows into adulthood, fertility status becomes an important issue, frequently raised by patients.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate the fertility potential of adult hypospadiac patients and to rule out the effect of age of surgical correction over fertility potential.
  
  
  METHODS
  Seventy three adult patients of hypospadias were prospectively evaluated, out of which 43 were operated during adulthood. All patients underwent measurement of penile length and circumference in both flaccid and erect positions along with testicular volume, serum LH, FSH and testosterone and semen analysis. A set of questionnaire was given to all the patients which included assessment of erectile function (IIEF-5), ejaculatory function, strength of libido and level of satisfaction after sexual intercourse. Results were compared with an age matched control group of 70 healthy person.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Out of 73 patients with a mean age of 23.73 years, 14(19.17%) had proximal and rest 59(80.82%) had distal type of hypospadias. Mean penile length in both type of hypospadiac patients under both flaccid and erect conditions (7.92±1.33 and 9.62±1.31cm) were significantly shorter than those of control (10.78±0.94 and 13.15±1.15 cm) (p<0.001). In spite of short penile length, the level of satisfaction of all patients and their partner after penetrating intercourse were comparable to control (p>0.05). The strength of libido (p>0.05) was comparable with control in both type of hypospadiac patients; however IIEF-5 scores was poor in the proximal type of hypospadias. Semen volume (ml), sperm concentration (mill/ml), active sperm motility (%), and normal sperm morphology were comparable between distal hypospadiac group and control (p>0.05), however these parameters were poor in proximal type. The serum FSH and LH levels were significantly higher and serum testosterone level was significantly lower in hypospadiac patients than control (p <0.001). However, no difference in testicular size was found. The patients who were operated during childhood had shorter penile length compared to patients operated during adulthood.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Fertility potential parameters in distal type of hypospadias were comparable with control. However the proximal type had poor erectile function and semen quality. Patients operated in either childhood or in adulthood, there was no significant difference in fertility potential.
authors.affiliation: Senior Resident, Department of Urology, S.M.S Medical College , Jaipur, Rajasthan, India .
authors.forename: Sanjay
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Kumar
authors.affiliation: Head of Department, Department of Urology, S.M.S Medical College , Jaipur, Rajasthan, India .
authors.forename: Vinay
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Tomar
authors.affiliation: Unit Chief, Department of Urology, S.M.S Medical College , Jaipur, Rajasthan, India .
authors.forename: Sher Singh
authors.initials: SS
authors.lastname: Yadav
authors.affiliation: Unit Chief, Department of Urology, S.M.S Medical College , Jaipur, Rajasthan, India .
authors.forename: Shivam
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Priyadarshi
authors.affiliation: Additional Professor, Department of Urology, S.M.S Medical College , Jaipur, Rajasthan, India .
authors.forename: Nachiket
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Vyas
authors.affiliation: Associate Professor, Department of Urology, S.M.S Medical College , Jaipur, Rajasthan, India .
authors.forename: Neeraj
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Agarwal
keywords: Congenital anomaly; Erectile dysfunction; Semen analysis; Urogenital tract