title: Estrogen deficiency in ovariectomized rats: can resistance training re-establish angiogenesis in visceral adipose tissue?
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of resistance training on angiogenesis markers of visceral adipose tissue in ovariectomized rats.
  
  
  METHODS
  Adult Sprague-Dawley female rats were divided into four groups (n=6 per group): sham-sedentary, ovariectomized sedentary, sham-resistance training and ovariectomized resistance training. The rats were allowed to climb a 1.1-m vertical ladder with weights attached to their tails and the weights were progressively increased. Sessions were performed three times per week for 10 weeks. Visceral adipose tissue angiogenesis and morphology were analyzed by histology. VEGF-A mRNA and protein levels were analyzed by real-time PCR and ELISA, respectively.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Ovariectomy resulted in higher body mass (p=0.0003), adipocyte hypertrophy (p=0.0003), decreased VEGF-A mRNA (p=0.0004) and protein levels (p=0.0009), and decreased micro-vascular density (p=0.0181) in the visceral adipose tissue of the rats. Resistance training for 10 weeks was not able to attenuate the reduced angiogenesis in the visceral adipose tissue of the ovariectomized rats.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our findings indicate that the resistance training program used in this study could not ameliorate low angiogenesis in the visceral adipose tissue of ovariectomized rats.
authors.affiliation: Laboratório de Bioquímica e Biologia MolecularLaboratório de Bioquímica e Biologia Molecular.
authors.forename: Camila
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: do Valle Gomes-Gatto
authors.affiliation: Laboratório de Bioquímica e Biologia MolecularLaboratório de Bioquímica e Biologia Molecular.|Departamento de Educação Física e Motricidade Humana, Laboratório de Nutrição e Metabolismo Aplicados ao Exercício, São Carlos/SP, Brazil.
authors.forename: Fernanda Oliveira
authors.initials: FO
authors.lastname: Duarte
authors.affiliation: Laboratório de Bioquímica e Biologia MolecularLaboratório de Bioquímica e Biologia Molecular.
authors.forename: Uliana Sbeguen
authors.initials: US
authors.lastname: Stotzer
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Ciências Fisiológicas, Laboratório de Fisiologia do Exercício.
authors.forename: Maria Fernanda Cury
authors.initials: MF
authors.lastname: Rodrigues
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Ciências Fisiológicas, Laboratório de Fisiologia do Exercício.
authors.forename: Sérgio Eduardo
authors.initials: SE
authors.lastname: de Andrade Perez
authors.affiliation: Laboratório de Bioquímica e Biologia MolecularLaboratório de Bioquímica e Biologia Molecular.
authors.forename: Heloisa Sobreiro
authors.initials: HS
authors.lastname: Selistre-de-Araujo
mesh_terms: D017667:Adipocytes / Q000502:physiology; D000818:Animals; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000032:analysis; D004797:Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay; D004967:Estrogens / Q000172:deficiency*; D005260:Female; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D050152:Intra-Abdominal Fat / Q000098:blood supply* / Q000378:metabolism; D018919:Neovascularization, Physiologic / Q000502:physiology*; D010052:Ovariectomy / Q000379:methods*; D010805:Physical Conditioning, Animal / Q000502:physiology*; D011897:Random Allocation; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D060888:Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D055070:Resistance Training / Q000379:methods*; D012269:Ribosomal Proteins / Q000032:analysis; D013997:Time Factors; D042461:Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A / Q000032:analysis; D040301:Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor Receptor-2 / Q000032:analysis
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; D004967:Estrogens; D012269:Ribosomal Proteins; D042461:Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A; D040301:Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor Receptor-2