title: Increased indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase activity in type 2 diabetic nephropathy.
abstract: The study aimed to test the hypothesis that indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase (IDO) plays a pathogenic role in type 2 diabetic nephropathy (DN).
  
  
  
  One hundred individuals were recruited in our study from January 2012 to December 2013, including group A (control group, 24 healthy adults), group B (20 patients with latent glomerulonephritis), group C (32 type 2 DN patients, estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) >30ml/min per 1.73m2), group D (24 maintenance hemodialysis, MHD patients). Clinical parameters such as gender, age, urine samples, serum creatinine, eGFR, L-tryptophan, L-kynurenine and 24h urinary protein were collected and analyzed. Group C was further divided on C1 (eGFR >60ml/min per 1.73m2) and C2 (eGFR 31-60ml/min per 1.73m2).
  
  
  
  Age was not related to IDO activity (r=0.27, P=0.057), while eGFR was significantly related to IDO activity (r=-0.54, P=0.002). IDO activity was significantly higher in the group C1 than group A (P=0.003), group B (P=0.008), and lower than in group D (P=0.003).
  
  
  
  IDO activity increased with severity of chronic kidney disease and negatively correlated with eGFR. Moreover, IDO activity was significantly increased in type 2 DN when eGFR was >60ml/min per 1.73m2, which suggested that IDO may closely correlate with the pathogenesis of type 2 DN.
authors.affiliation: Department of Nephrology, Sichuan Academy of Medical Sciences & Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, No.32, First Ring Road, Chengdu, Sichuan 610072, China.
authors.forename: Yue
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: Department of Nephrology, Sichuan Academy of Medical Sciences & Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, No.32, First Ring Road, Chengdu, Sichuan 610072, China.
authors.forename: Yizhe
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Ruan
authors.affiliation: Department of Nephrology, Sichuan Academy of Medical Sciences & Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, No.32, First Ring Road, Chengdu, Sichuan 610072, China.
authors.forename: Ping
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: Department of Nephrology, Sichuan Academy of Medical Sciences & Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, No.32, First Ring Road, Chengdu, Sichuan 610072, China. Electronic address: scwangli62@163.com.
authors.forename: Li
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Wang
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000097:blood / Q000652:urine; D003924:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / Q000150:complications*; D003928:Diabetic Nephropathies / Q000097:blood / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000628:therapy; D018450:Disease Progression; D005260:Female; D005919:Glomerular Filtration Rate; D005921:Glomerulonephritis / Q000097:blood / Q000150:complications / Q000378:metabolism / Q000503:physiopathology; D006801:Humans; D050503:Indoleamine-Pyrrole 2,3,-Dioxygenase / Q000097:blood*; D007668:Kidney / Q000503:physiopathology*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011446:Prospective Studies; D011507:Proteinuria / Q000209:etiology; D006435:Renal Dialysis; D051437:Renal Insufficiency / Q000097:blood / Q000150:complications / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000503:physiopathology; D051436:Renal Insufficiency, Chronic / Q000150:complications / Q000378:metabolism / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000628:therapy; D012720:Severity of Illness Index; D015854:Up-Regulation; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; D050503:Indoleamine-Pyrrole 2,3,-Dioxygenase
keywords: Estimated glomerular filtration rate; Indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase; Latent glomerulonephritis; Maintenance hemodialysis; Type 2 diabetic nephropathy