title: Direct visualization of lithium via annular bright field scanning transmission electron microscopy: a review.
abstract: Annular bright field (ABF) scanning transmission electron microscopy has proven able to directly image lithium columns within crystalline environments, offering much insight into the structure and properties of lithium-ion battery materials. We summarize the image formation mechanisms underpinning ABF imaging, review the experimental application of this technique to imaging lithium in materials and overview the conditions that help maximize the visibility of lithium columns.
authors.affiliation: School of Physics and Astronomy, Monash University, Victoria 3800, Australia.
authors.forename: Scott David
authors.initials: SD
authors.lastname: Findlay
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of Polar Materials and Devices, Ministry of Education, East China Normal University, 500 Dong-Chuan Road, Shanghai 200241, P.R. China.
authors.forename: Rong
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Huang
authors.affiliation: Institute of Engineering Innovation, School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, 2-11-16, Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan.
authors.forename: Ryo
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Ishikawa
authors.affiliation: Institute of Engineering Innovation, School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, 2-11-16, Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan.
authors.forename: Naoya
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Shibata
authors.affiliation: Institute of Engineering Innovation, School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, 2-11-16, Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan.|Nanostructures Research Laboratory, Japan Fine Ceramic Center, Nagoya 456-8587, Japan.
authors.forename: Yuichi
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Ikuhara
keywords: annular bright field; atomic-resolution imaging; detector geometry; image simulation; lithium; scanning transmission electron microscopy