title: Psychometric Testing of the Self-care of Hypertension Inventory.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Hypertension (HTN) is a global public health issue. Self-care is an essential component of HTN treatment, but no instruments are available with which to measure self-care of HTN.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  The purpose of this study is to test the psychometric properties of the Self-care of Hypertension Inventory (SC-HI).
  
  
  METHODS
  Using the Self-care of Chronic Illness theory, we developed a 24-item measure of maintenance, monitoring, and management appropriate for persons with chronic HTN, tested it for content validity, and then tested it in a convenience sample of 193 adults. Exploratory factor analysis was used to identify measure structure. Cronbach's α and factor determinacy scores and were used to assess reliability. Validity was tested with the Medical Outcomes Study General Adherence Scale and the Decision Making Competency Inventory.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Seventy percent of the sample was female; mean age was 56.4 ± 13 years; mean duration of HTN was 11 ± 9 years. Removal of 1 item on alcohol consumption resulted in a unidimensional self-care maintenance factor with acceptable structure and internal consistency (α = .83). A multidimensional self-care management factor included "consultative" and "autonomous" factors (factor determinacy score = 0.75). A unidimensional confidence factor captured confidence in and persistence with each aspect of self-care (α = .83). All the self-care dimensions in the final 23-item instrument were associated with treatment adherence and several with decision making.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These findings support the conceptual basis of self-care in patients with HTN as a process of maintenance, monitoring, and management. The SC-HI confidence scale is promising as a measure of self-efficacy in self-care.
authors.affiliation: Victoria Vaughan Dickson, PhD, RN, FAHA, FHFSA, FAAN Associate Professor, College of Nursing, New York University Rory Meyers, New York. Christopher Lee, PhD, RN, FAHA, FHFSA, FAAN Carol A. Lindeman Distinguished Professor, Associate Professor, School of Nursing, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland. Karen S. Yehle, PhD, MS, RN, FAHA Faculty Associate, Center on Aging and the Life Course, Purdue University, and Associate Professor, School of Nursing, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana. Willie M. Abel, PhD, RN Assistant Professor, School of Nursing, University of North Carolina at Charlotte. Barbara Riegel, PhD, RN, FAHA, FAAN Edith Clemmer Steinbright Professor of Gerontology, School of Nursing, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia.
authors.forename: Victoria Vaughan
authors.initials: VV
authors.lastname: Dickson
authors.forename: Christopher
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: Karen S
authors.initials: KS
authors.lastname: Yehle
authors.forename: Willie M
authors.initials: WM
authors.lastname: Abel
authors.forename: Barbara
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Riegel
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D001294:Attitude to Health; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D006973:Hypertension / Q000523:psychology / Q000628:therapy*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011594:Psychometrics / Q000379:methods; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D012648:Self Care / Q000379:methods*; D020377:Self Efficacy; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires / Q000592:standards*