title: Atmospheric CO2enrichment and drought stress modify root exudation of barley.
abstract: Rising CO2concentrations associated with drought stress is likely to influence not only aboveground growth, but also belowground plant processes. Little is known about root exudation being influenced by elements of climate change. Therefore, this study wanted to clarify whether barley root exudation responds to drought and CO2enrichment and whether this reaction differs between an old and a recently released malting barley cultivar. Barley plants were grown in pots filled with sand in controlled climate chambers at ambient (380 ppm) or elevated (550 ppm) atmospheric [CO2] and a normal or reduced water supply. Root exudation patterns were examined at the stem elongation growth stage and when the inflorescences emerged. At both dates, root exudates were analyzed for different compounds such as total free amino acids, proline, potassium, and some phytohormones. Elevated [CO2] decreased the concentrations in root exudates of some compounds such as total free amino acids, proline, and abscisic acid. Moreover, reduced water supply increased proline, potassium, electric conductivity, and hormone concentrations. In general, the modern cultivar showed higher concentrations of proline and abscisic acid than the old one, but the cultivars responded differentially under elevated CO2. Plant developmental stage had also an impact on the root exudation patterns of barley. Generally, we observed significant effects of CO2enrichment, watering levels, and, to a lesser extent, cultivar on root exudation. However, we did not find any mitigation of the adverse effects of drought by elevated CO2. Understanding the multitude of relationships within the rhizosphere is an important aspect that has to be taken into consideration in the context of crop performance and carbon balance under conditions of climate change.
authors.affiliation: Institut für Landschafts- und Pflanzenökologie, FG Pflanzenökologie, Universität Hohenheim, August-von-Hartmann-Str. 3, 70599, Stuttgart, Germany.
authors.forename: Olga C
authors.identifier: 0000-0002-7900-0331
authors.initials: OC
authors.lastname: Calvo
authors.affiliation: Institut für Landschafts- und Pflanzenökologie, FG Pflanzenökologie, Universität Hohenheim, August-von-Hartmann-Str. 3, 70599, Stuttgart, Germany.
authors.forename: Jürgen
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Franzaring
authors.affiliation: Institut für Landschafts- und Pflanzenökologie, FG Pflanzenökologie, Universität Hohenheim, August-von-Hartmann-Str. 3, 70599, Stuttgart, Germany.
authors.forename: Iris
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Schmid
authors.affiliation: Institut für Landschafts- und Pflanzenökologie, FG Pflanzenökologie, Universität Hohenheim, August-von-Hartmann-Str. 3, 70599, Stuttgart, Germany.
authors.forename: Matthias
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Müller
authors.affiliation: Institut für Landschafts- und Pflanzenökologie, FG Pflanzenökologie, Universität Hohenheim, August-von-Hartmann-Str. 3, 70599, Stuttgart, Germany.
authors.forename: Nolwenn
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Brohon
authors.affiliation: Institut für Landschafts- und Pflanzenökologie, FG Pflanzenökologie, Universität Hohenheim, August-von-Hartmann-Str. 3, 70599, Stuttgart, Germany.
authors.forename: Andreas
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Fangmeier
mesh_terms: D002245:Carbon Dioxide; D057231:Climate Change; D055864:Droughts; D001467:Hordeum / Q000254:growth & development*; D018517:Plant Roots
chemical_list: D002245:Carbon Dioxide
keywords: 
  Hordeum vulgare
  ; climate change; drought; elevated [CO2]; rhizosphere; root exudates; spring barley