title: Effect of oxidation and catalytic reduction of trace organic contaminants on their activated carbon adsorption.
abstract: The combination of ozonation and activated carbon (AC) adsorption is an established technology for removal of trace organic contaminants (TrOCs). In contrast to oxidation, reduction of TrOCs has recently gained attention as well, however less attention has gone to the combination of reduction with AC adsorption. In addition, no literature has compared the removal behavior of reduction vs. ozonation by-products by AC. In this study, the effect of pre-ozonation vs pre-catalytic reduction on the AC adsorption efficiency of five TrOCs and their by-products was compared. All compounds were susceptible to oxidation and reduction, however the catalytic reductive treatment proved to be a slower reaction than ozonation. New oxidation products were identified for dinoseb and new reduction products were identified for carbamazepine, bromoxynil and dinoseb. In terms of compatibility with AC adsorption, the influence of the oxidative and reductive pretreatments proved to be compound dependent. Oxidation products of bromoxynil and diatrizoic acid adsorbed better than their parent TrOCs, but oxidation products of atrazine, carbamazepine and dinoseb showed a decreased adsorption. The reductive pre-treatment showed an enhanced AC adsorption for dinoseb and a major enhancement for diatrizoic acid. For atrazine and bromoxynil, no clear influence on adsorption was noted, while for carbamazepine, the reductive pretreatment resulted in a decreased AC affinity. It may thus be concluded that when targeting mixtures of TrOCs, a trade-off will undoubtedly have to be made towards overall reactivity and removal of the different constituents, since no single treatment proves to be superior to the other.
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Particle and Interfacial Technology (PaInT), Department of Applied Analytical and Physical Chemistry, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Coupure Links 653, 9000 Ghent, Belgium. Electronic address: Klaas.Schoutteten@UGent.be.
authors.forename: Klaas V K M
authors.initials: KVKM
authors.lastname: Schoutteten
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Microbial Ecology and Technology (LabMET), Department of Biochemical and Microbial Technology, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Coupure Links 653, 9000 Ghent, Belgium.
authors.forename: Tom
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Hennebel
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Particle and Interfacial Technology (PaInT), Department of Applied Analytical and Physical Chemistry, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Coupure Links 653, 9000 Ghent, Belgium.
authors.forename: Ellen
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Dheere
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Particle and Interfacial Technology (PaInT), Department of Applied Analytical and Physical Chemistry, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Coupure Links 653, 9000 Ghent, Belgium; Laboratory of Sanitary Engineering, Department of Water Management, Faculty of Civil Engineering and Geosciences, Delft University of Technology, Stevinweg 1, 2628 CN Delft, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Cheryl
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Bertelkamp
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Sanitary Engineering, Department of Water Management, Faculty of Civil Engineering and Geosciences, Delft University of Technology, Stevinweg 1, 2628 CN Delft, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: David J
authors.initials: DJ
authors.lastname: De Ridder
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Microbial Ecology and Technology (LabMET), Department of Biochemical and Microbial Technology, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Coupure Links 653, 9000 Ghent, Belgium.
authors.forename: Synthia
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Maes
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Industrial Water- and Ecotechnology (LIWET), Department of Industrial Biological Sciences, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Campus Kortrijk, Graaf Karel de Goedelaan 5, 8500 Kortrijk, Belgium; BIOMATH, Department of Mathematical Modelling, Statistics and Bioinformatics, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Coupure Links 653, 9000 Ghent, Belgium.
authors.forename: Michael
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Chys
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Industrial Water- and Ecotechnology (LIWET), Department of Industrial Biological Sciences, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Campus Kortrijk, Graaf Karel de Goedelaan 5, 8500 Kortrijk, Belgium; BIOMATH, Department of Mathematical Modelling, Statistics and Bioinformatics, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Coupure Links 653, 9000 Ghent, Belgium.
authors.forename: Stijn W H
authors.initials: SWH
authors.lastname: Van Hulle
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Chemical Analysis, Department of Veterinary Public Health and Food Safety, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Salisburylaan 133, 9820 Merelbeke, Belgium.
authors.forename: Julie
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Vanden Bussche
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Chemical Analysis, Department of Veterinary Public Health and Food Safety, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Salisburylaan 133, 9820 Merelbeke, Belgium.
authors.forename: Lynn
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Vanhaecke
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Particle and Interfacial Technology (PaInT), Department of Applied Analytical and Physical Chemistry, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Coupure Links 653, 9000 Ghent, Belgium.
authors.forename: Arne R D
authors.initials: ARD
authors.lastname: Verliefde
mesh_terms: D019297:2,4-Dinitrophenol / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000378:metabolism; D000327:Adsorption; D001280:Atrazine / Q000378:metabolism*; D002220:Carbamazepine / Q000378:metabolism*; D002384:Catalysis; D002606:Charcoal / Q000737:chemistry; D003973:Diatrizoate / Q000378:metabolism*; D052918:Environmental Restoration and Remediation / Q000379:methods*; D009570:Nitriles / Q000378:metabolism*; D010084:Oxidation-Reduction; D010126:Ozone / Q000737:chemistry; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical / Q000032:analysis / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D009570:Nitriles; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical; D003973:Diatrizoate; D002606:Charcoal; D002220:Carbamazepine; D010126:Ozone; C006826:bromoxynil; D019297:2,4-Dinitrophenol; D001280:Atrazine; C018527:dinoseb
keywords: AC adsorption; Biogenic bimetallic nanocatalyst; Organic micropollutant; Ozonation; Ozone; Palladium