title: Surgeon activity in robotic versus abdominal gynecologic surgery.
abstract: One proposed advantage of robotic surgery is improved ergonomics and decreased surgeon fatigue. The objective of this study is to quantify and compare the physical activity of surgeons during robotic and abdominal surgery using accelerometers. Eight gynecologic surgeons who perform both abdominal and robotic surgery were the subjects of this study. Each wore an accelerometer on the hip during one procedure performed abdominally and during a similar procedure performed robotically. Activity parameters analyzed were average activity counts (AAC) and percentage of time spent in sedentary, light, moderate, and vigorous activity. The paired t-test was used to evaluate differences between robotic and abdominal procedures. AAC was similar between the robotic and abdominal approaches (mean ± SD: 83.9 ± 50.9 versus 79.1 ± 37.8 counts/min, respectively, P = 0.820). The majority of activity spent in robotic and abdominal surgery was sedentary (79.0% ± 5.9% versus 80.9% ± 8.6%, respectively; P = 0.625) followed by light activity (14.7% ± 3.9% versus 12.8% ± 6.1%, respectively; P = 0.541) and then by moderate activity (6.3% ± 3.4% versus 6.3% ± 2.8%, respectively; P = 0.981). None of the activity for either surgical approach qualified as vigorous. There were no differences in activity parameters by surgical approach. Accelerometer data demonstrate that surgeon activity expenditure is similar in robotic and abdominal surgery. Future studies comparing measures of physical activity and strain between surgical approaches are needed to determine whether the robot's improved ergonomics translates to improved surgeon experience.
authors.affiliation: Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Division of Urogynecology, Hartford Hospital, Hartford, CT, USA. scollins4@uchicago.edu.|, 5841 S. Maryland Ave, MC 2050, Chicago, IL, 60637, USA. scollins4@uchicago.edu.
authors.forename: Sarah A
authors.initials: SA
authors.lastname: Collins
authors.affiliation: Department of Research Administration, Hartford Hospital, Hartford, CT, USA.
authors.forename: David M
authors.initials: DM
authors.lastname: O'Sullivan
authors.affiliation: Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Division of Urogynecology, Hartford Hospital, Hartford, CT, USA.
authors.forename: Paul K
authors.initials: PK
authors.lastname: Tulikangas
keywords: Ergonomics; Gynecologic surgery; Physical activity; Robotic surgery