title: The nanostructure of murine alveolar bone and its changes due to type 2 diabetes.
abstract: Alveolar bone - the bony ridge containing the tooth sockets - stands out by its remodeling activity where bone is being formed and resorbed at a much higher rate than in any other bony tissue. Teeth that are anchored in the jaw through the periodontal ligament exert very large localized loads during mastication that could lead to a unique adaptation of the collagen/mineral structure in the bone. Our aim was to characterize the nanostructure of alveolar bone and to determine the influence of diabetes on structural characteristics of the mineralized matrix. Using small- and wide-angle X-ray scattering (SAXS/WAXS), we studied a spontaneous diabetic mouse model (KK+) and its corresponding healthy controls (KK-) (n=6) to determine the size and mutual alignment of the mineral nanoparticles embedded in the collagen matrix. On cross-sections (buccal-lingual) of the first molar multiple line scans with a spatial resolution of 30μm were performed on each sample, from the lingual to the buccal side of the mandible. Mineral particle thickness and length are decreasing towards the tooth in both buccal and lingual sides of alveolar bone. While mineral particles are well aligned with the long axis of the tooth on the buccal side, they are in a quarter of the measurements oriented along two preferred directions on the lingual side. These nanostructural differences can be interpreted as the result of an asymmetric loading during mastication, leading to a tilting of the tooth in its socket. In diabetic mice particle thicknesses are smaller compared to control animals.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biomaterials, Max Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces, Potsdam, Germany.
authors.forename: Silvia
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Pabisch
authors.affiliation: Department of Biomaterials, Max Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces, Potsdam, Germany; Functional Materials Science Research Laboratories, Research & Development Headquarters, LION Corporation, Tokyo, Japan.
authors.forename: Chika
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Akabane
authors.affiliation: Department of Biomaterials, Max Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces, Potsdam, Germany.
authors.forename: Wolfgang
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Wagermaier
authors.affiliation: Department of Biomaterials, Max Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces, Potsdam, Germany. Electronic address: andreas.roschger@mpikg.mpg.de.
authors.forename: Andreas
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Roschger
authors.affiliation: Functional Materials Science Research Laboratories, Research & Development Headquarters, LION Corporation, Tokyo, Japan.
authors.forename: Taku
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Ogura
authors.affiliation: Functional Materials Science Research Laboratories, Research & Development Headquarters, LION Corporation, Tokyo, Japan.
authors.forename: Ryo
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Hyodo
authors.affiliation: Life Science Research Laboratories, Research & Development Headquarters, LION Corporation, Kanagawa, Japan.
authors.forename: Shinsuke
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Kataoka
authors.affiliation: Functional Materials Science Research Laboratories, Research & Development Headquarters, LION Corporation, Tokyo, Japan.
authors.forename: Norio
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Tobori
authors.affiliation: Research & Development Headquarters, LION Corporation, Tokyo, Japan.
authors.forename: Tomomichi
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Okano
authors.affiliation: Department of Periodontology, Graduate School of Dentistry, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan.
authors.forename: Shinya
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Murakami
authors.affiliation: Department of Biomaterials, Max Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces, Potsdam, Germany.
authors.forename: Peter
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Fratzl
authors.affiliation: Department of Biomaterials, Max Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces, Potsdam, Germany. Electronic address: richard.weinkamer@mpikg.mpg.de.
authors.forename: Richard
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Weinkamer
mesh_terms: D016301:Alveolar Bone Loss / Q000209:etiology / Q000473:pathology; D000818:Animals; D016723:Bone Remodeling; D003924:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / Q000150:complications / Q000473:pathology*; D008334:Mandible / Q000737:chemistry*; D051379:Mice; D008903:Minerals / Q000378:metabolism; D049329:Nanostructures / Q000737:chemistry / Q000648:ultrastructure; D020390:Tooth Socket / Q000737:chemistry
chemical_list: D008903:Minerals
keywords: Alveolar bone; Biomineralization; Diabetes; Mechanobiology; Mouse model; Synchrotron radiation; X-ray scattering