title: Effects of Bacillus thuringiensis var. israelensis on nonstandard microcrustacean species isolated from field zooplankton communities.
abstract: The toxicity of Bacillus thuringiensis var. israelensis on zooplanktonic microcrustaceans was evaluated using individuals collected in coastal wetlands where this larvicide has been used for mosquito control over the last decades. We tested five zooplankton species that coexist with mosquito larvae: two copepods (both nauplii and adults of Tropocyclops prasinus and Acantocyclops americanus), and three cladocerans (Ceriodaphnia reticulata, Chydorus sphaericus, and Daphnia cf. pulex). Our experiments included seven replicates of six concentrations (Bti Vectobac12AS 1200 Bti ITU/mg): 0, 5, 25, 50, 250, and 500 mg L-1. We analyzed acute and sub-chronic effects after a single inoculation. Despite the high variability of responses among our tested organisms, we found a general pattern of increasing mortality with concentration and time. We conclude that negative effects at the community level are not unlikely as some species were affected at doses close to those used in field applications.
authors.affiliation: Institut Cavanilles de Biodiversitat i Biologia Evolutiva, Universitat de València, Burjassot, Valencia, E-46980, Spain. Carla.Olmo@uv.es.
authors.forename: Carla
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Olmo
authors.affiliation: Institut Cavanilles de Biodiversitat i Biologia Evolutiva, Universitat de València, Burjassot, Valencia, E-46980, Spain.
authors.forename: Amparo
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Marco
authors.affiliation: Institut Cavanilles de Biodiversitat i Biologia Evolutiva, Universitat de València, Burjassot, Valencia, E-46980, Spain.
authors.forename: Xavier
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Armengol
authors.affiliation: Institut Cavanilles de Biodiversitat i Biologia Evolutiva, Universitat de València, Burjassot, Valencia, E-46980, Spain.
authors.forename: Raquel
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Ortells
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001413:Bacillus thuringiensis; D003445:Crustacea / Q000187:drug effects*; D007306:Insecticides / Q000633:toxicity*; D009032:Mosquito Control; D010572:Pest Control, Biological; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical / Q000633:toxicity*; D053833:Wetlands; D015048:Zooplankton / Q000187:drug effects*
chemical_list: D007306:Insecticides; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical
keywords: Acute toxicity; Cladocerans; Coastal wetlands; Copepods; Larvicide; Mosquito control; Sub-chronic toxicity