title: Vaginal prolapse with urinary bladder incarceration and consecutive irreducible rectal prolapse in a dog.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  True vaginal prolapse is a rare condition in dogs and it is occasionally observed in animals with constipation, dystocia, or forced separation during breeding. If a true prolapse occurs, the bladder, the uterine body and/or distal part of the colon, may be present in the prolapse.
  
  
  METHODS
  A 2-year-old intact non pregnant Central Asian Shepherd dog in moderate condition, was presented for a true vaginal and rectal prolapse. The prolapses were confirmed by physical examination and ultrasonography. Herniation of the urinary bladder was identified within the vaginal prolapse. The necrotic vaginal wall was resected, the urinary bladder was reduced surgically and fixed to the right abdominal wall to prevent recurrence. Rectal resection and anastomosis was necessary to correct the rectal prolapse. Recurrence of the prolapses was not observed and the dog recovered completely after the surgical treatment.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In our opinion, extreme tenesmus arising from constipation may have predisposed to the vaginal prolapse with bladder incarceration and secondarily to rectal prolapse. In the young female dog, true vaginal prolapse with secondary involvement of the urinary bladder and irreducible rectal prolapse is an exceptionally rare condition.
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine, 3-5 Mănăştur Street, 400372, Cluj-Napoca, Romania.
authors.forename: Ciprian-Andrei
authors.initials: CA
authors.lastname: Ober
authors.affiliation: Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine, 3-5 Mănăştur Street, 400372, Cluj-Napoca, Romania.
authors.forename: Cosmin Petru
authors.initials: CP
authors.lastname: Peștean
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine, 3-5 Mănăştur Street, 400372, Cluj-Napoca, Romania.
authors.forename: Lucia Victoria
authors.initials: LV
authors.lastname: Bel
authors.affiliation: Department of Veterinary Pathology, University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine, 3-5 Mănăştur Street, 400372, Cluj-Napoca, Romania. taulescumarian@yahoo.com.
authors.forename: Marian
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Taulescu
authors.affiliation: Department of Veterinary Pathology, University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine, 3-5 Mănăştur Street, 400372, Cluj-Napoca, Romania.
authors.forename: Cornel
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Cătoi
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine, 3-5 Mănăştur Street, 400372, Cluj-Napoca, Romania.
authors.forename: Sidonia
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Bogdan
authors.affiliation: Veterinary Teaching Hospital, Koret School of Veterinary Medicine, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, P.O. Box 12, 76100, Rehovot, Israel.
authors.forename: Joshua
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Milgram
authors.affiliation: Tierklinik Hollabrunn, Lastenstraße 2, 2020, Gemeinde Hollabrunn, Austria.
authors.forename: Guenter
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Schwarz
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine, 3-5 Mănăştur Street, 400372, Cluj-Napoca, Romania.
authors.forename: Liviu Ioan
authors.initials: LI
authors.lastname: Oana
keywords: Dogs; Rectal prolapse; Urinary bladder; Vaginal prolapse