title: Current Trends in the Incidence and Survival Rate of Urological Cancers in Korea.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  This descriptive study assessed the current trends in the incidence of urological cancers and patient survival in Korea.
  
  
  METHODS
  In this nationwide retrospective observational study based on the data from the Korea National Cancer Incidence Database (KNCIDB), this study analyzed the age-standardized incidence rates (ASRs) and annual percentage changes (APCs) of kidney, bladder, prostate, testicular, and penile cancers as well as cancer of the renal pelvis and ureter between 1999 and 2012. The relative survival rates (RSRs) were calculated for urological cancer patients diagnosed between 1993 and 2012 from the KNCIDB data.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Prostate cancer was diagnosed in 66,812 individuals followed by bladder (41,549) and kidney (36,836) cancers. The overall ASR (18.26 per 100,000) increased with age because of the higher ASRs of bladder and prostate cancers in the elderly. The ASR for kidney cancer was highest in the 40-59-year-old group, whereas testicular cancer occurred most frequently before the age of 40. The incidence of most urological cancers increased (overall APC, 6.39%; p < 0.001), except for penile (APC, -2.01%; p=0.05) and bladder (APC, -0.40%; p=0.25) cancers. The overall survival increased steadily (5-year RSR, 66.4% in 1993-1995 vs. 84.2% in 2008-2012; p < 0.001), particularly for prostate (by 34.10%) and kidney (by 16.30%) cancers, but not for renal pelvis and ureter cancers (-7.20%).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The most common urological cancer in Korea was prostate cancer followed by bladder and kidney cancers. The incidence of most urological cancers, except for penile and bladder cancers, increased. Survival also increased, particularly for prostate and kidney cancers.
authors.affiliation: Center for Prostate Cancer, National Cancer Center, Goyang, Korea.
authors.forename: Jae Young
authors.initials: JY
authors.lastname: Joung
authors.affiliation: Cancer Registration and Statistics Branch, National Cancer Center, Goyang, Korea.
authors.forename: Jiwon
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Lim
authors.affiliation: Cancer Registration and Statistics Branch, National Cancer Center, Goyang, Korea.
authors.forename: Chang-Mo
authors.initials: CM
authors.lastname: Oh
authors.affiliation: Cancer Registration and Statistics Branch, National Cancer Center, Goyang, Korea.
authors.forename: Kyu-Won
authors.initials: KW
authors.lastname: Jung
authors.affiliation: Cancer Registration and Statistics Branch, National Cancer Center, Goyang, Korea.
authors.forename: Hyunsoon
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Cho
authors.affiliation: Center for Prostate Cancer, National Cancer Center, Goyang, Korea.
authors.forename: Sung Han
authors.initials: SH
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.affiliation: Center for Prostate Cancer, National Cancer Center, Goyang, Korea.
authors.forename: Ho Kyung
authors.initials: HK
authors.lastname: Seo
authors.affiliation: Center for Prostate Cancer, National Cancer Center, Goyang, Korea.
authors.forename: Weon Seo
authors.initials: WS
authors.lastname: Park
authors.affiliation: Center for Prostate Cancer, National Cancer Center, Goyang, Korea.
authors.forename: Jinsoo
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Chung
authors.affiliation: Center for Prostate Cancer, National Cancer Center, Goyang, Korea.
authors.forename: Kang Hyun
authors.initials: KH
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.affiliation: Cancer Registration and Statistics Branch, National Cancer Center, Goyang, Korea.
authors.forename: Young-Joo
authors.initials: YJ
authors.lastname: Won
mesh_terms: D000367:Age Factors; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D015994:Incidence; D008297:Male; D011159:Population Surveillance; D012042:Registries; D056910:Republic of Korea / Q000453:epidemiology; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D015996:Survival Rate; D014571:Urologic Neoplasms / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000401:mortality
keywords: Incidence; Korea; Survival; Urologic neoplasms