title: Carbon dioxide: Global warning for nephrologists.
abstract: The large prevalence of respiratory acid-base disorders overlapping metabolic acidosis in hemodialysis population should prompt nephrologists to deal with the partial pressure of carbon dioxide (pCO2) complying with the reduced bicarbonate concentration. What the most suitable formula to compute pCO2 is reviewed. Then, the neglected issue of CO2 content in the dialysis fluid is under the spotlight. In fact, a considerable amount of CO2 comes to patients' bloodstream every hemodialysis treatment and "acidosis by dialysate" may occur if lungs do not properly clear away this burden of CO2. Moreover, vascular access recirculation may be easy diagnosed by detecting CO2 in the arterial line of extracorporeal circuit if CO2-enriched blood from the filter reenters arterial needle.
authors.affiliation: Marco Marano, Anna D'Amato, Hemodialysis Unit, Maria Rosaria Clinic, Pompeii, 80045 Naples, Italy.
authors.forename: Marco
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Marano
authors.affiliation: Marco Marano, Anna D'Amato, Hemodialysis Unit, Maria Rosaria Clinic, Pompeii, 80045 Naples, Italy.
authors.forename: Anna
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: D'Amato
authors.affiliation: Marco Marano, Anna D'Amato, Hemodialysis Unit, Maria Rosaria Clinic, Pompeii, 80045 Naples, Italy.
authors.forename: Alessandra
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Cantone
keywords: Acid-base assessment; Bicarbonate; Carbon dioxide; Expected pressure of carbon dioxide; Hemodialysis; Metabolic acidosis; Mixed disorders; Vascular access recirculation; Ventilatory response