title: Is Hyaluronic Acid or Corticosteroid Superior to Lactated Ringer Solution in the Short Term for Improving Function and Quality of Life After Arthrocentesis? Part 2.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Although arthrocentesis has been used for the management of patients with temporomandibular joint pain, the benefit of hyaluronic acid (HA) or corticosteroid (CS) remains uncertain. The purpose of this study was to assess the efficacy of HA, CS, and lactated Ringer solution (LR; placebo) after arthrocentesis for changes in quality of life (QoL), jaw function (Jaw Function Limitation Scale [JFLS] score), and maximum incisal opening (MIO).
  
  
  METHODS
  This was a prospective multicenter double-blinded randomized clinical trial. Consecutive patients presenting to the oral and maxillofacial departments at Emory University, the University of Pennsylvania, the University of California-Los Angeles, the University of Cincinnati, and the Oregon Health Sciences University were enrolled in the study. Patients were randomized to HA, CS, or LR. All patients underwent arthrocentesis and then instillation of HA, CS, or LR. All patients were evaluated clinically at 1 and 3 months. The outcome variables were QoL, JFLS score, and MIO. Univariate, bivariate, and multivariate statistics were computed, with a P value less than .05 considered significant.
  
  
  RESULTS
  One hundred two patients were enrolled in the study. Four were lost to follow-up, leaving 98 patients for analysis of data at 1 month. An additional 51 were lost to follow-up at 3 months, leaving 51 patients for data analysis at this time point. There was no difference among groups for QoL Mental Health Composite score at 1 month (P = .70) or 3 months (P = .69). There was no difference among groups for JFLS score at 1 month (P = .71) or 3 months (P = .98). There was no difference among groups for MIO at 1 month (P = .47) or 3 months (P = .31). All groups showed within-group improvements in JFLS score and MIO at 1 and 3 months.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Arthrocentesis alone is as efficacious as arthrocentesis with HA or CS in improving jaw function and MIO at 1 and 3 months. QoL is not improved with arthrocentesis alone or in combination with CS or HA.
authors.affiliation: Associate Professor, Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA. Electronic address: gbouloux@hotmail.com.
authors.forename: Gary F
authors.initials: GF
authors.lastname: Bouloux
authors.affiliation: Assistant Professor, Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, University Buffalo New York, Buffalo, NY; formerly, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA.
authors.forename: Jolie
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Chou
authors.affiliation: Associate Professor, Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH.
authors.forename: Deepak
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Krishnan
authors.affiliation: Professor, Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, University of California-Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA.
authors.forename: Tara
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Aghaloo
authors.affiliation: Clinical Assistant Professor, Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, University of California-Los Angeles. Los Angeles, CA.
authors.forename: Nora
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Kahenasa
authors.affiliation: Associate Professor, Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR.
authors.forename: Julie Ann
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Smith
authors.affiliation: Associate Professor, Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA.
authors.forename: Helen
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Giannakopoulos
mesh_terms: D000305:Adrenal Cortex Hormones / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D000328:Adult; D000069237:Arthrocentesis / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000379:methods; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D006820:Hyaluronic Acid / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011788:Quality of Life; D013704:Temporomandibular Joint / Q000502:physiology / Q000601:surgery
chemical_list: D000305:Adrenal Cortex Hormones; D006820:Hyaluronic Acid