title: Fusarithioamide A, a new antimicrobial and cytotoxic benzamide derivative from the endophytic fungus Fusarium chlamydosporium.
abstract: Four secondary metabolites (1-4), including a new benzamide derivative, namely fusarithioamide A (2-(2-aminopropanamido)-N-(1-hydroxy-3-mercaptopropyl) benzamide, 4) and three known compounds; 1-O-acetylglycerol (1), 8-acetylneosolaniol (2), and ergosta-7,22-diene-3β,5α,6β-triol (3) were characterized from the EtOAc extract of Fusarium chlamydosporium isolated from the leaves of Anvillea garcinii (Burm.f.) DC. (Asteraceae). The structures of the isolated metabolites were verified by using 1D and 2D NMR experiments as well as HRESIMS spectral data. Compounds 1-3 were firstly separated from this fungus. Compound 4 has been tested for their antibacterial and antifungal activity against different microorganisms using disc diffusion assay. It showed antibacterial potential towards B. cereus, S. aureus, and E. coli with inhibition zone diameters (IZDs) of 19.0, 14.1, and 22.7 mm, respectively and MICs values of 3.1, 4.4, and 6.9 μg ml-1, respectively. Also, it exhibited the most potent antifungal activity towards C. albicans (IZD 16.2 mm) comparable to clotrimazole (IZD 18.5 mm, positive control). Furthermore, compounds 1-4 were evaluated for their in vitro cytotoxic effect against KB, BT-549, SK-MEL, and SKOV-3 cell lines. Compounds 4 possessed potent and selective activity towards BT-549 and SKOV-3 cell lines with IC50values of 0.4 and 0.8 μM, respectively compared to doxorubicin (IC500.046 and 0.313 μM, respectively). Moreover, 3 exhibited significant activity towards all tested cell lines. Fusarithioamide A may provide new promising candidates for potential antimicrobial and cytotoxic agent.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacognosy and Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, Taibah University, Al Madinah Al Munawwarah 30078, Saudi Arabia; Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Assiut University, Assiut 71526, Egypt. Electronic address: sribrahim@taibahu.edu.sa.
authors.forename: Sabrin Ragab Mohamed
authors.initials: SRM
authors.lastname: Ibrahim
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Al-Azhar University, Assiut Branch, Assiut 71524, Egypt.
authors.forename: Ehab Saad
authors.initials: ES
authors.lastname: Elkhayat
authors.affiliation: Department of Natural Products and Alternative Medicine, Faculty of Pharmacy, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia; Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Al-Azhar University, Assiut Branch, Assiut 71524, Egypt.
authors.forename: Gamal Abd Allah
authors.initials: GAA
authors.lastname: Mohamed
authors.affiliation: Department of Veterinary Medicine, College of Agricultural and Veterinary Medicine, Qassim University, AL-Qassim, Saudi Arabia; Food Hygiene Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Assiut University, Assiut 71526, Egypt.
authors.forename: Shaukat Mohammed
authors.initials: SM
authors.lastname: Fat'hi
authors.affiliation: National Center for Natural Products Research, Department of Pharmacognosy, School of Pharmacy, The University of Mississippi, University, MS 38677, USA.
authors.forename: Samir Anis
authors.initials: SA
authors.lastname: Ross
mesh_terms: D000890:Anti-Infective Agents / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology*; D000970:Antineoplastic Agents / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology*; D019659:Asteraceae / Q000382:microbiology; D001419:Bacteria / Q000187:drug effects / Q000254:growth & development; D001549:Benzamides / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology*; D002176:Candida albicans / Q000187:drug effects / Q000254:growth & development; D045744:Cell Line, Tumor; D002470:Cell Survival / Q000187:drug effects; D005670:Fusarium / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000502:physiology; D054884:Host-Pathogen Interactions; D006801:Humans; D020128:Inhibitory Concentration 50; D009682:Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; D008826:Microbial Sensitivity Tests; D015394:Molecular Structure; D018515:Plant Leaves / Q000382:microbiology; D013438:Sulfhydryl Compounds / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology*
chemical_list: D000890:Anti-Infective Agents; D000970:Antineoplastic Agents; D001549:Benzamides; D013438:Sulfhydryl Compounds; C000620294:fusarithioamide A; C037689:benzamide
keywords: Antimicrobial; Anvillea garcinii; Benzamide derivative; Cytotoxic activity; Fusarithioamide A; Fusarium chlamydosporium