title: Tracking aquaculture-derived fluoroquinolones in a mangrove wetland, South China.
abstract: Aquaculture in mangrove wetlands has been developed rapidly, causing various environmental problems (e.g., antibiotic residue). In the present study, the levels and distributions of a well-known class of antibiotics (fluoroquinolones; FQs), including norfloxacin (NOR), ciprofloxacin (CIP), and enrofloxacin (ENR), were examined in sediment and mangrove plant (Aegiceras corniculatum) from a mangrove wetland in the Zhanjiang Mangrove National Nature Reserve, South China. NOR and CIP were detected in all sediment samples, with concentrations ranging from 4.3 to 64.2 ng/g and from 7.62 to 68.5 ng/g on a basis of dry weight (dw), respectively, whereas ENR was found with relatively lower frequency (<78%) and lower concentrations (<19.3 ng/g). Sediments in mangrove rhizosphere area contained considerably higher concentrations of all FQs (except for ENR). FQs were largely varied in mangrove plant tissues; NOR and ENR were not detected in leaf and root samples, respectively. CIP featured an increasing tendency from the root to the upper parts of plants, whereas a decreasing trend was found for NOR. Three bioconcentration factors (BCFs) of FQs, including BCFs for roots (BCFr), branches (BCFb), and leaves (BCFl) were calculated, and most of them exceeded 1. Especially for NOR, its BCFrcan reach up to 9.9, indicating that Aegiceras corniculatum has a strong ability to accumulate FQs from sediment and/or surrounding environment. For NOR and CIP, strong positive relationships were observed between BCFrand concentrations in root, but no significant correlations were observed between BCFrand root lipid of mangrove plant. More studies are needed to investigate the uptake mechanism of antibiotics in mangrove plants.
authors.affiliation: Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Control and Remediation Technology, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China; State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resources Reuse, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China.
authors.forename: Xiao
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.affiliation: Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Control and Remediation Technology, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China. Electronic address: eeslyu@mail.sysu.edu.cn.
authors.forename: Yu
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.affiliation: Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Control and Remediation Technology, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China.
authors.forename: Jian-Rong
authors.initials: JR
authors.lastname: Xu
authors.affiliation: Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Control and Remediation Technology, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China.
authors.forename: Ke-Jun
authors.initials: KJ
authors.lastname: Ren
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resources Reuse, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China. Electronic address: xzmeng@tongji.edu.cn.
authors.forename: Xiang-Zhou
authors.initials: XZ
authors.lastname: Meng
mesh_terms: D017756:Aquaculture; D002681:China; D002939:Ciprofloxacin / Q000032:analysis; D000077422:Enrofloxacin; D004784:Environmental Monitoring; D024841:Fluoroquinolones / Q000032:analysis*; D019015:Geologic Sediments / Q000737:chemistry*; D009643:Norfloxacin / Q000032:analysis; D029623:Primulaceae / Q000378:metabolism*; D058441:Rhizosphere; D053833:Wetlands
chemical_list: D024841:Fluoroquinolones; D000077422:Enrofloxacin; D002939:Ciprofloxacin; D009643:Norfloxacin
keywords: Antibiotics; Aquaculture; Fluoroquinolones; Mangrove plant; Sediment