title: The Pemberton Happiness Index: Validation of the Universal Portuguese version in a large Brazilian sample.
abstract: The Pemberton Happiness Index (PHI) is a recently developed integrative measure of well-being that includes components of hedonic, eudaimonic, social, and experienced well-being. The PHI has been validated in several languages, but not in Portuguese. Our aim was to cross-culturally adapt the Universal Portuguese version of the PHI and to assess its psychometric properties in a sample of the Brazilian population using online surveys.An expert committee evaluated 2 versions of the PHI previously translated into Portuguese by the original authors using a standardized form for assessment of semantic/idiomatic, cultural, and conceptual equivalence. A pretesting was conducted employing cognitive debriefing methods. In sequence, the expert committee evaluated all the documents and reached a final Universal Portuguese PHI version. For the evaluation of the psychometric properties, the data were collected using online surveys in a cross-sectional study. The study population included healthcare professionals and users of the social network site Facebook from several Brazilian geographic areas. In addition to the PHI, participants completed the Satisfaction with Life Scale (SWLS), Diener and Emmons' Positive and Negative Experience Scale (PNES), Psychological Well-being Scale (PWS), and the Subjective Happiness Scale (SHS). Internal consistency, convergent validity, known-group validity, and test-retest reliability were evaluated. Satisfaction with the previous day was correlated with the 10 items assessing experienced well-being using the Cramer V test. Additionally, a cut-off value of PHI to identify a "happy individual" was defined using receiver-operating characteristic (ROC) curve methodology.Data from 1035 Brazilian participants were analyzed (health professionals = 180; Facebook users = 855). Regarding reliability results, the internal consistency (Cronbach alpha = 0.890 and 0.914) and test-retest (intraclass correlation coefficient = 0.814) were both considered adequate. Most of the validity hypotheses formulated a priori (convergent and know-group) was further confirmed. The cut-off value of higher than 7 in remembered PHI was identified (AUC = 0.780, sensitivity = 69.2%, specificity = 78.2%) as the best one to identify a happy individual.We concluded that the Universal Portuguese version of the PHI is valid and reliable for use in the Brazilian population using online surveys.
authors.affiliation: Graduate Program in Oncology, Cancer Hospital of Barretos Research Group in Palliative Care and Health-Related Quality of Life (Grupo de Pesquisas em Cuidados Paliativos e Qualidade de Vida Relacionada a Saúde-GPQual), Barretos Cancer Hospital, Barretos Universidade Federal de Sao Paulo (UNIFESP), "Mente Aberta"-Brazilian Center for Mindfulness and Health Promotion, Department of Preventive Medicine, São Paulo Hospital Israelita Albert Einstein, São Paulo, Brazil School of Psychology, Complutense University, Madrid, Spain Breast and Gynecology Division, Department of Clinical Oncology, Barretos Cancer Hospital, Barretos, São Paulo, Brazil.
authors.forename: Bianca Sakamoto Ribeiro
authors.initials: BSR
authors.lastname: Paiva
authors.forename: Mayara Goulart
authors.initials: MG
authors.lastname: de Camargos
authors.forename: Marcelo Marcos Piva
authors.initials: MMP
authors.lastname: Demarzo
authors.forename: Gonzalo
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Hervás
authors.forename: Carmelo
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Vázquez
authors.forename: Carlos Eduardo
authors.initials: CE
authors.lastname: Paiva
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D001938:Brazil; D003431:Cross-Cultural Comparison; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D005006:Ethnicity; D005260:Female; D006240:Happiness; D006304:Health Status; D006306:Health Surveys; D006801:Humans; D007802:Language; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010549:Personal Satisfaction; D011174:Portugal; D011594:Psychometrics / Q000379:methods* / Q000592:standards*; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D055815:Young Adult