title: The effect of phytogenic feed additives to substitute in-feed antibiotics on growth traits and blood biochemical parameters in broiler chicks challenged with Salmonella typhimurium.
abstract: There is a growing concern over the use of antibiotics due to the increased resistance of pathogens in broiler. The present study was designed to find the comparative effect of an antibiotic, and some phytogenic on performance traits, blood biochemical parameters, and antioxidant status during starter phase exposed to Salmonella typhimurium challenge. A total of 560-day-old broiler chicks (Ross 308) were randomly allocated to seven treatments (eight replicates). Control (basal diet); T1, infected with Salmonella enterica subsp. typhimurium; T2, infected + avilamycin at the rate of 0.2 g/kg; T3, infected + essential oil of thymol; T4, infected + phytogenic; T5, infected + anti-Salmonella organic acid; and T6, infected + essential oils of thyme, anise, and other components. Body weight gain and feed conversion ratio (FCR) were significantly (P < 0.05) high in the T2 and T5 at the end of the first and the second week and similar to T4. During the second week, European production efficiency factor (EPEF) was also significantly (P < 0.05) high in T2, T4 and T5. Blood albumin increased significantly (P < 0.05) in birds of T2 in the first week, while during the second week, blood glucose and triglyceride concentration decreased significantly (P < 0.05) in T5. Blood ALT concentration decreased significantly (P < 0.05) in T6 compared to other treatments in the second week. Total antioxidant capacity (at the end of the second week) and thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) did not change significantly. From the results of the present study, it was concluded that different feed additives could be substituted with antibiotics in the feed of broiler exposed to S. typhimurium challenge.
authors.affiliation: Department of Animal production, College of Food and Agriculture Sciences, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2460, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia. alabudabos@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Alaeldein M
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Abudabos
authors.affiliation: ARASCO for Feed, P.O Box 53845, Riyadh, 11593, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.
authors.forename: Abdullah H
authors.initials: AH
authors.lastname: Alyemni
authors.affiliation: National Feed Company, Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.
authors.forename: Yousif M
authors.initials: YM
authors.lastname: Dafalla
authors.affiliation: Department of Animal production, College of Food and Agriculture Sciences, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2460, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia.|Department of Animal Health, Faculty of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Sciences, The University of Agriculture, Peshawar, Pakistan.
authors.forename: Rifat Ullah
authors.initials: RU
authors.lastname: Khan
mesh_terms: D000821:Animal Feed; D000818:Animals; D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D002645:Chickens / Q000382:microbiology*; D009822:Oils, Volatile / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D064209:Phytochemicals / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D011897:Random Allocation; D012481:Salmonella Infections, Animal / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000517:prevention & control; D012486:Salmonella typhimurium
chemical_list: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents; D009822:Oils, Volatile; D064209:Phytochemicals
keywords: Antibiotic; Broiler; Essential oil; Phytogenic; Salmonella