title: Non-isothermal pyrolysis of de-oiled microalgal biomass: Kinetics and evolved gas analysis.
abstract: Non-isothermal (β=5, 10, 20, 35°C/min) pyrolysis of de-oiled microalgal biomass (DMB) of Chlorella variabilis was investigated by TGA-MS (30-900°C, Argon atmosphere) to understand thermal decomposition and evolved gas analysis (EGA). The results showed that three-stage thermal decomposition and three volatilization zone (100-400°C, 400-550°C and 600-750°C) of organic matters during pyrolysis. The highest rate of weight-loss is 8.91%/min at 302°C for 35°C/min heating-rate. Kinetics of pyrolysis were investigated by iso-conversional (KAS, FWO) and model-fitting (Coats-Redfern) method. For Zone-1and3, similar activation energy (Ea) is found in between KAS (α=0.4), FWO (α=0.4) and Avrami-Erofe'ev (n=4) model. Using the best-fitted kinetic model Avrami-Erofe'ev (n=4), Eavalues (R2=>0.96) are 171.12 (Zone-1), 404.65 (Zone-2) and 691.42kJ/mol (Zone-3). EGA indicate the abundance of most gases observed consequently between 200-300°C and 400-500°C. The pyrolysis of DMB involved multi-step reaction mechanisms for solid-state reactions having different Eavalues.
authors.affiliation: Division of Salt & Marine Chemicals, CSIR - Central Salt & Marine Chemicals Research Institute, G B Marg, Bhavnagar 364002, Gujarat, India; Academy of Scientific & Innovative Research (AcSIR), CSIR - Central Salt & Marine Chemicals Research Institute, G B Marg, Bhavnagar 364002, Gujarat, India.
authors.forename: Rahulkumar
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Maurya
authors.affiliation: Division of Salt & Marine Chemicals, CSIR - Central Salt & Marine Chemicals Research Institute, G B Marg, Bhavnagar 364002, Gujarat, India; Academy of Scientific & Innovative Research (AcSIR), CSIR - Central Salt & Marine Chemicals Research Institute, G B Marg, Bhavnagar 364002, Gujarat, India.
authors.forename: Tonmoy
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Ghosh
authors.affiliation: Academy of Scientific & Innovative Research (AcSIR), CSIR - Central Salt & Marine Chemicals Research Institute, G B Marg, Bhavnagar 364002, Gujarat, India; Analytical Division and Centralized Instrument Facility, CSIR - Central Salt & Marine Chemicals Research Institute, G B Marg, Bhavnagar 364002, Gujarat, India.
authors.forename: Hitesh
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Saravaia
authors.affiliation: Division of Salt & Marine Chemicals, CSIR - Central Salt & Marine Chemicals Research Institute, G B Marg, Bhavnagar 364002, Gujarat, India; Academy of Scientific & Innovative Research (AcSIR), CSIR - Central Salt & Marine Chemicals Research Institute, G B Marg, Bhavnagar 364002, Gujarat, India.
authors.forename: Chetan
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Paliwal
authors.affiliation: Academy of Scientific & Innovative Research (AcSIR), CSIR - Central Salt & Marine Chemicals Research Institute, G B Marg, Bhavnagar 364002, Gujarat, India; Division of Plant Omics, CSIR - Central Salt & Marine Chemicals Research Institute, G B Marg, Bhavnagar 364002, Gujarat, India.
authors.forename: Arup
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Ghosh
authors.affiliation: Division of Salt & Marine Chemicals, CSIR - Central Salt & Marine Chemicals Research Institute, G B Marg, Bhavnagar 364002, Gujarat, India; Academy of Scientific & Innovative Research (AcSIR), CSIR - Central Salt & Marine Chemicals Research Institute, G B Marg, Bhavnagar 364002, Gujarat, India. Electronic address: smishra@csmcri.org.
authors.forename: Sandhya
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Mishra
mesh_terms: D018533:Biomass; D002384:Catalysis; D002708:Chlorella / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism; D005740:Gases / Q000032:analysis / Q000493:pharmacokinetics; D007700:Kinetics; D058086:Microalgae / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000378:metabolism*; D008962:Models, Theoretical; D009821:Oils / Q000302:isolation & purification* / Q000378:metabolism; D013696:Temperature; D013818:Thermogravimetry; D014835:Volatilization
chemical_list: D005740:Gases; D009821:Oils
keywords: Chlorella; De-oiled microalgal biomass; Evolved gas analysis; Kinetics; Pyrolysis; TGA-MS