title: Numerical Study on the Stomatal Responses to Dry-Hot Wind Episodes and Its Effects on Land-Atmosphere Interactions.
abstract: The wheat production in midland China is under serious threat by frequent Dry-Hot Wind (DHW) episodes with high temperature, low moisture and specific wind as well as intensive heat transfer and evapotranspiration. The numerical simulations of these episodes are important for monitoring grain yield and estimating agricultural water demand. However, uncertainties still remain despite that enormous experiments and modeling studies have been conducted concerning this issue, due to either inaccurate synoptic situation derived from mesoscale weather models or unrealistic parameterizations of stomatal physiology in land surface models. Hereby, we investigated the synoptic characteristics of DHW with widely-used mesoscale model Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) and the effects of leaf physiology on surface evapotranspiration by comparing two land surface models: The Noah land surface model, and Peking University Land Model (PKULM) with stomata processes included. Results show that the WRF model could well replicate the synoptic situations of DHW. Two types of DHW were identified: (1) prevailing heated dry wind stream forces the formation of DHW along with intense sensible heating and (2) dry adiabatic processes overflowing mountains. Under both situations, the PKULM can reasonably model the stomatal closure phenomena, which significantly decreases both evapotranspiration and net ecosystem exchange of canopy, while these phenomena cannot be resolved in the Noah simulations. Therefore, our findings suggest that the WRF-PKULM coupled method may be a more reliable tool to investigate and forecast DHW as well as be instructive to crop models.
authors.affiliation: Department of Atmospheric and Oceanic Science, Peking University, Beijing, China.
authors.forename: Shu
authors.identifier: http://orcid.org/0000-0001-9239-9933
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of Regional Climate-Environment Research for Temperate East Asia, Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.|Department of Geological Sciences, John A. and Katherine G. Jackson School of Geosciences, University of Texas in Austin, Austin, Texas, United States of America.
authors.forename: Hui
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Zheng
authors.affiliation: Department of Atmospheric and Oceanic Science, Peking University, Beijing, China.
authors.forename: Shuhua
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.affiliation: Department of Atmospheric and Oceanic Science, Peking University, Beijing, China.
authors.forename: Yucong
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Miao
authors.affiliation: Department of Atmospheric and Oceanic Science, Peking University, Beijing, China.
authors.forename: Jing
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Li
mesh_terms: D000392:Air Movements; D000465:Algorithms; D001272:Atmosphere; D002681:China; D017753:Ecosystem; D005843:Geography; D006358:Hot Temperature; D006813:Humidity; D008962:Models, Theoretical; D018515:Plant Leaves / Q000502:physiology; D054046:Plant Stomata / Q000502:physiology*; D018526:Plant Transpiration / Q000502:physiology*; D014908:Triticum / Q000502:physiology*; D014867:Water / Q000378:metabolism; D014919:Wind
chemical_list: D014867:Water