title: Prevalence and factors associated with urinary incontinence in climacteric.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To estimate the prevalence and identify associated factors to urinary incontinence (UI) in climacteric women.
  
  
  METHODS
  In a cross-sectional study with a stratified random sample, 1,200 women aged between 35 and 72 years were studied, enrolled in the Family Health Strategy in the city of Pindamonhangaba, São Paulo. Urinary incontinence was investigated using the International Consultation of Incontinence Questionnaire - Short Form, while associated factors were assessed based on a self-reported questionnaire with socio-demographic, obstetric and gynecological history, morbidities and drug use. The prevalence of urinary incontinence was estimated with a 95% confidence interval (95CI) and the associated factors were identified through multiple logistic regression model performed using Stata software, version 11.0.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Women had a mean age of 51.9 years, most were in menopause (59.4%), married (87.5%), Catholic (48.9%), and declared themselves black or brown (47.2%). The mean age of menopause of women with UI was 47.3 years. The prevalence of UI was 20.4% (95CI: 17.8-23.1%). The factors associated with UI were urinary loss during pregnancy (p=0.000) and after delivery (p=0.000), genital prolapse (p=0.000), stress (p=0.001), depression (p=0.002), and obesity (p=0.006).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The prevalence of UI was lower but similar to that found in most similar studies. Factors associated with the genesis of UI were urinary loss during pregnancy and after delivery, genital prolapse and obesity.
authors.affiliation: PhD - Lecturer of the Department of Physiotherapy, Universidade de Taubaté (Unitau), Taubaté, SP, Brazil.
authors.forename: Máyra Cecilia
authors.initials: MC
authors.lastname: Dellú
authors.affiliation: PhD - Lecturer of the Department of Physical Therapy, Speech Therapy, and Occupational Therapy, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo (FMUSP), São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
authors.forename: Ana Carolina Basso
authors.initials: AC
authors.lastname: Schmitt
authors.affiliation: PhD - Lecturer of the Department of Epidemiology, Faculdade de Saúde Pública, Universidade de São Paulo (FSP/USP), São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
authors.forename: Maria Regina Alves
authors.initials: MR
authors.lastname: Cardoso
authors.affiliation: PhD - Lecturer of the Department of Physiotherapy, Universidade de Taubaté (Unitau), Taubaté, SP, Brazil.|PhD - Lecturer at Fundação Universitária Vida Cristã, Pindamonhangaba, SP, Brazil.
authors.forename: Wendry Maria Paixão
authors.initials: WM
authors.lastname: Pereira
authors.affiliation: PhD - Lecturer at Fundação Universitária Vida Cristã, Pindamonhangaba, SP, Brazil.
authors.forename: Elaine Cristina Alves
authors.initials: EC
authors.lastname: Pereira
authors.affiliation: MSc - Lecturer at Fundação Universitária Vida Cristã, Pindamonhangaba, SP, Brazil.
authors.forename: Érika da Silva Flauzino
authors.initials: Éda S
authors.lastname: Vasconcelos
authors.affiliation: PhD - Lecturer of the Department of Mother and Child Health, FSP/USP, São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
authors.forename: José Mendes
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Aldrighi
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000886:Anthropometry; D001938:Brazil / Q000453:epidemiology; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D036861:Delivery, Obstetric; D003863:Depression / Q000150:complications; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D016015:Logistic Models; D008593:Menopause / Q000502:physiology*; D008875:Middle Aged; D009765:Obesity / Q000150:complications; D011247:Pregnancy; D011248:Pregnancy Complications; D015995:Prevalence; D012307:Risk Factors; D013315:Stress, Psychological / Q000150:complications; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D014549:Urinary Incontinence / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000209:etiology* / Q000503:physiopathology; D014596:Uterine Prolapse / Q000150:complications