title: White matter abnormalities in patients with temporal lobe epilepsy and amygdala enlargement: Comparison with hippocampal sclerosis and healthy subjects.
abstract: Cases of temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE) with ipsilateral amygdala enlargement (AE) have increasingly been reported. However, the white matter (WM) abnormalities of TLE patients with AE remain poorly investigated. Here we explored macrostructural and microstructural WM abnormalities in TLE patients with AE compared to normal controls and TLE patients with hippocampal sclerosis (HS).
  
  
  
  We selected 17 patients with unilateral TLE with AE (TLE-AE) based on automated amygdala volumetry using FreeSurfer software, and 34 healthy controls and 35 patients with unilateral TLE with HS (TLE-HS) were also recruited. Subsequently, differences in gray matter (GM) and WM volumes and fractional anisotropy (FA) among the three groups were analyzed using SPM8 software.
  
  
  
  The volume analysis of GM obtained results that are consistent with the structural characteristics of TLE with AE and with HS (i.e. amygdala increase in the TLE-AE, and mesial temporal atrophy in the TLE-HS). In the volume of WM, only the TLE-HS patients had WM reductions mainly in the ipsilateral temporal lobe. Compared to the controls, the TLE-AE group showed a significant FA decrease in the ipsilateral anterior cingulum and the corpus callosum, whereas an extended FA decrease in the whole cerebrum was observed in the TLE-HS group.
  
  
  
  Our findings regarding the WM of TLE patients with AE may reflect characteristic pathophysiology such as the anatomical and functional connection between the amygdala and medial prefrontal cortex, and our results may thus provide insights into TLE with AE.
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, 4-1-1 Ogawa-Higashi, Kodaira, Tokyo 187-8551, Japan; Department of Neuropsychiatry, Graduate School of Medicine, the University of Tokyo, 7-3-1, Hongo, Bunkyo, Tokyo 113-8654, Japan. Electronic address: daichisone@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Daichi
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Sone
authors.affiliation: Department of Mental Disorder Research, National Institute of Neuroscience, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, Tokyo, Japan. Electronic address: ota@ncnp.go.jp.
authors.forename: Miho
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Ota
authors.affiliation: Integrative Brain Imaging Center, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, Tokyo, Japan. Electronic address: maikusa@ncnp.go.jp.
authors.forename: Norihide
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Maikusa
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, 4-1-1 Ogawa-Higashi, Kodaira, Tokyo 187-8551, Japan. Electronic address: yukio-k01@ncnp.go.jp.
authors.forename: Yukio
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Kimura
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, 4-1-1 Ogawa-Higashi, Kodaira, Tokyo 187-8551, Japan. Electronic address: sumida.cold@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Kaoru
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Sumida
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, 4-1-1 Ogawa-Higashi, Kodaira, Tokyo 187-8551, Japan. Electronic address: kota1986ky@yahoo.co.jp.
authors.forename: Kota
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Yokoyama
authors.affiliation: Integrative Brain Imaging Center, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, Tokyo, Japan. Electronic address: embysh@ncnp.go.jp.
authors.forename: Etsuko
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Imabayashi
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, Tokyo, Japan. Electronic address: wata2ms@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Masako
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Watanabe
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, Tokyo, Japan. Electronic address: wata-yt@ncnp.go.jp.
authors.forename: Yutaka
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Watanabe
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, Tokyo, Japan. Electronic address: okazakim@ncnp.go.jp.
authors.forename: Mitsutoshi
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Okazaki
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, 4-1-1 Ogawa-Higashi, Kodaira, Tokyo 187-8551, Japan. Electronic address: snoriko@ncnp.go.jp.
authors.forename: Noriko
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Sato
authors.affiliation: Integrative Brain Imaging Center, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, Tokyo, Japan. Electronic address: matsudah@ncnp.go.jp.
authors.forename: Hiroshi
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Matsuda
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000679:Amygdala / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D056324:Diffusion Tensor Imaging; D004833:Epilepsy, Temporal Lobe / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D005260:Female; D007839:Functional Laterality; D066128:Gray Matter / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D006624:Hippocampus / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D006801:Humans; D007091:Image Processing, Computer-Assisted; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009929:Organ Size; D012598:Sclerosis / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D066127:White Matter / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*
keywords: Amygdala enlargement; Diffusion tensor imaging; Magnetic resonance imaging; Temporal lobe epilepsy; White matter