title: Age and Prevalence of Esophageal Reflux Disease in Japanese Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: The Dogo Study.
abstract: Only limited epidemiological evidence exists regarding the relationship between age and gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) among Japanese patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus.
  
  
  
  The purpose of the present study is to investigate this issue among Japanese patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus.
  
  
  
  A multicenter cross-sectional study was conducted in 847 Japanese patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Subjects were divided into quartiles according to age: (1) 19 ≤ age < 56, (2) 56 ≤ age < 64, (3) 64 ≤ age < 71, and (4) 71 ≤ age < 89. GERD was defined as present when a subject had a Carlsson-Dent self-administered questionnaire (QUEST) score ≥4.
  
  
  
  The prevalence of GERD was 31.5 %. Younger age was independently associated with a higher prevalence of GERD: the adjusted odds ratios (95 % confidence intervals) for GERD in relation to age < 56, 56 ≤ age < 64, 64 ≤ age < 71, and ≥71 were 3.73 (2.16-6.53), 1.98 (1.21-3.27), 1.66 (1.05-2.68), and 1.00 (reference), respectively (P for trend = 0.001). Among 201 patients with PPI or histamine H2-receptor antagonist (H2RA), less than 56 years of age was independently positively associated with GERD: the adjusted OR was 5.68 (95 % CI 1.55-22.18) (P for trend = 0.02).
  
  
  
  Younger age may be independently positively associated with GERD among Japanese type 2 diabetes mellitus patients, regardless of the use of PPI or H2RA.
authors.affiliation: Endoscopy Center, Ehime University Hospital, Shitsukawa, Toon, Ehime, 791-0295, Japan.
authors.forename: Yoshio
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Ikeda
authors.affiliation: Department of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, Ehime University Graduate School of Medicine, Shitsukawa, Toon, Ehime, 791-0295, Japan. shinya.furukawa@gmail.com.|Epidemiology and Medical Statistics Unit, Translational Research Center, Ehime University Hospital, Shitsukawa, Toon, Ehime, 791-0295, Japan. shinya.furukawa@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Shinya
authors.identifier: 0000-0002-0041-7688
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Furukawa
authors.affiliation: Department of Internal Medicine, Yawatahama General City Hospital, Yawatahama, Ehime, 796-8502, Japan.
authors.forename: Takenori
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Sakai
authors.affiliation: Department of Internal Medicine, Matsuyama Shimin Hospital, Otemachi, Matsuyama, Ehime, 790-0067, Japan.
authors.forename: Tetsuji
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Niiya
authors.affiliation: Department of Internal Medicine, Saiseikai Matsuyama Hospital, Yamanishi 880-2, Matsuyama, Ehime, 791-8026, Japan.
authors.forename: Hiroaki
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Miyaoka
authors.affiliation: Department of Gastroenterology and Metabology, Ehime University Graduate School of Medicine, Shitsukawa, Toon, Ehime, 791-0295, Japan.
authors.forename: Teruki
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Miyake
authors.affiliation: Department of Lifestyle-related Medicine and Endocrinology, Ehime University Graduate School of Medicine, Shitsukawa, Toon, Ehime, 791-0295, Japan.
authors.forename: Shin
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Yamamoto
authors.affiliation: Department of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, Ehime University Graduate School of Medicine, Shitsukawa, Toon, Ehime, 791-0295, Japan.|Department of Gastroenterology and Metabology, Ehime University Graduate School of Medicine, Shitsukawa, Toon, Ehime, 791-0295, Japan.
authors.forename: Hidenori
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Senba
authors.affiliation: Endoscopy Center, Ehime University Hospital, Shitsukawa, Toon, Ehime, 791-0295, Japan.
authors.forename: Yasunori
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Yamamoto
authors.affiliation: Department of Gastroenterology and Metabology, Ehime University Graduate School of Medicine, Shitsukawa, Toon, Ehime, 791-0295, Japan.
authors.forename: Eiji
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Arimitsu
authors.affiliation: Department of Inflammatory Bowel Diseases and Therapeutics, Ehime University Graduate School of Medicine, Shitsukawa, Toon, Ehime, 791-0295, Japan.
authors.forename: Sen
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Yagi
authors.affiliation: Endoscopy Center, Ehime University Hospital, Shitsukawa, Toon, Ehime, 791-0295, Japan.
authors.forename: Hiroki
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Utsunomiya
authors.affiliation: Department of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, Ehime University Graduate School of Medicine, Shitsukawa, Toon, Ehime, 791-0295, Japan.|Epidemiology and Medical Statistics Unit, Translational Research Center, Ehime University Hospital, Shitsukawa, Toon, Ehime, 791-0295, Japan.
authors.forename: Keiko
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Tanaka
authors.affiliation: Department of Inflammatory Bowel Diseases and Therapeutics, Ehime University Graduate School of Medicine, Shitsukawa, Toon, Ehime, 791-0295, Japan.
authors.forename: Eiji
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Takeshita
authors.affiliation: Department of Lifestyle-related Medicine and Endocrinology, Ehime University Graduate School of Medicine, Shitsukawa, Toon, Ehime, 791-0295, Japan.
authors.forename: Bunzo
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Matsuura
authors.affiliation: Department of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, Ehime University Graduate School of Medicine, Shitsukawa, Toon, Ehime, 791-0295, Japan.|Epidemiology and Medical Statistics Unit, Translational Research Center, Ehime University Hospital, Shitsukawa, Toon, Ehime, 791-0295, Japan.
authors.forename: Yoshihiro
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Miyake
authors.affiliation: Department of Gastroenterology and Metabology, Ehime University Graduate School of Medicine, Shitsukawa, Toon, Ehime, 791-0295, Japan.
authors.forename: Yoichi
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Hiasa
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D017677:Age Distribution; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D001896:Boron Compounds; D015331:Cohort Studies; D015897:Comorbidity; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D003924:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / Q000453:epidemiology*; D005260:Female; D005764:Gastroesophageal Reflux / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000453:epidemiology*; D006635:Histamine H2 Antagonists / Q000627:therapeutic use; D006801:Humans; D007564:Japan / Q000453:epidemiology; D008297:Male; D008689:Methacrylates; D008768:Methylmethacrylates; D008875:Middle Aged; D016017:Odds Ratio; D015995:Prevalence; D011446:Prospective Studies; D054328:Proton Pump Inhibitors / Q000627:therapeutic use; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D001896:Boron Compounds; D006635:Histamine H2 Antagonists; D008689:Methacrylates; D008768:Methylmethacrylates; D054328:Proton Pump Inhibitors; C049495:Super-bond
keywords: Age; Diabetes; Esophagitis; Nonerosive reflux disease; Young