title: Factors that influence attitude and enforcement of the smoke-free law in Turkey: a survey of hospitality venue owners and employees.
abstract: In 2009, Turkey extended the smoke-free legislation to hospitality venues. Compliance, however, remains low in some hospitality venues. We identified characteristics associated with knowledge of health effects that can be prevented by the smoke-free law, the attitude towards and enforcement of the law.
  
  
  
  In 2014, we conducted 400 interviews with hospitality venue owners and employees in 7 cities in Turkey. The venues were identified based on a random sampling strategy in a previous phase of the study.
  
  
  
  Over one-third (37.3%) of hospitality owners and employees had adequate knowledge of the health effects from secondhand smoke (SHS), 71.3% had a positive attitude towards the law and 19.5% had personally enforced the law. Participants who worked 70 hours or more per week were more likely to have a positive attitude towards the law. Older individuals, women, participants working in bars/nightclubs, venue owners receiving fines for non-compliance and current smokers were less likely to have a positive attitude towards the law. Participants working in traditional coffee houses, former smokers, and participants with a high school education or greater were more likely to enforce the law. Smokers who quit or reduced smoking because of the law were more likely to enforce the law compared with those who were not influenced by the law.
  
  
  
  Although the attitude towards the law was positive, interventions are needed to increase knowledge on the health effects of SHS and facilitate enforcement of the law, particularly among subgroups less likely to have a positive attitude and enforce the law.
authors.affiliation: Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Johns Hopkins University Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland, USA.
authors.forename: Angela
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Aherrera
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychology, Kadir Has University, Istanbul, Turkey.
authors.forename: Asli
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Çarkoğlu
authors.affiliation: Department of Preventive Oncology, Hacettepe University Cancer Institute, Ankara, Turkey.
authors.forename: Mutlu
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Hayran
authors.affiliation: Izmir Dokuz Eylül School of Medicine, Izmir, Turkey.
authors.forename: Gül
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Ergör
authors.affiliation: World Health Organization Country Office, Ankara, Turkey.
authors.forename: Toker
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Eirüder
authors.affiliation: Ministry of Health, General Directorate of Health Research, Ankara, Turkey.
authors.forename: Bekir
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Kaplan
authors.affiliation: Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Johns Hopkins University Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland, USA.|Institute for Global Tobacco Control, Johns Hopkins University Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland, USA.
authors.forename: Jolie
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Susan
authors.affiliation: Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Johns Hopkins University Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland, USA.
authors.forename: Laura
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Zheng
authors.affiliation: Institute for Global Tobacco Control, Johns Hopkins University Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland, USA.|Department of Health, Behavior and Society, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland, USA.
authors.forename: Joanna E
authors.initials: JE
authors.lastname: Cohen
authors.affiliation: Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Johns Hopkins University Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland, USA.|Institute for Global Tobacco Control, Johns Hopkins University Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland, USA.|Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins University Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland, USA.
authors.forename: Ana
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Navas-Acien
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D002947:Cities; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011639:Public Opinion; D012147:Restaurants; D012906:Smoke; D061845:Smoke-Free Policy; D012907:Smoking; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D014028:Tobacco Smoke Pollution / Q000517:prevention & control*; D014421:Turkey
chemical_list: D012906:Smoke; D014028:Tobacco Smoke Pollution
keywords: Priority/special populations; Public opinion; Public policy; Secondhand smoke; Surveillance and monitoring