title: Independent Component Analysis of Resting-State Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging in Pedophiles.
abstract: Neuroimaging and other studies have changed the common view that pedophilia is a result of childhood sexual abuse and instead is a neurologic phenomenon with prenatal origins. Previous research has identified differences in the structural connectivity of the brain in pedophilia.
  
  
  
  To identify analogous differences in functional connectivity.
  
  
  
  Functional magnetic resonance images were recorded from three groups of participants while they were at rest: pedophilic men with a history of sexual offenses against children (n = 37) and two control groups: non-pedophilic men who committed non-sexual offenses (n = 28) and non-pedophilic men with no criminal history (n = 39).
  
  
  
  Functional magnetic resonance imaging data were subjected to independent component analysis to identify known functional networks of the brain, and groups were compared to identify differences in connectivity with those networks (or "components").
  
  
  
  The pedophilic group demonstrated wide-ranging increases in functional connectivity with the default mode network compared with controls and regional differences (increases and decreases) with the frontoparietal network. Of these brain regions (total = 23), 20 have been identified by meta-analytic studies to respond to sexually relevant stimuli. Conversely, of the brain areas known to be those that respond to sexual stimuli, nearly all emerged in the present data as significantly different in pedophiles.
  
  
  
  This study confirms the presence of significant differences in the functional connectivity of the brain in pedophilia consistent with previously reported differences in structural connectivity. The connectivity differences detected here and elsewhere are opposite in direction from those associated with anti-sociality, arguing against anti-sociality and for pedophilia as the source of the neuroanatomic differences detected.
authors.affiliation: Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, ON, Canada; Complex Mental Illness Program, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, ON, Canada; Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto Faculty of Medicine, Toronto, ON, Canada. Electronic address: james.cantor@camh.ca.
authors.forename: J M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Cantor
authors.affiliation: Complex Mental Illness Program, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, ON, Canada.
authors.forename: S J
authors.initials: SJ
authors.lastname: Lafaille
authors.affiliation: Complex Mental Illness Program, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, ON, Canada; University of Rochester, Rochester, NY, USA.
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Hannah
authors.affiliation: Toronto Western Research Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada.
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Kucyi
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychology, York University, Toronto, ON, Canada.
authors.forename: D W
authors.initials: DW
authors.lastname: Soh
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychology, Ryerson University, Toronto, ON, Canada.
authors.forename: T A
authors.initials: TA
authors.lastname: Girard
authors.affiliation: Toronto Western Research Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada.
authors.forename: D J
authors.initials: DJ
authors.lastname: Mikulis
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001143:Arousal / Q000502:physiology; D001921:Brain / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000502:physiology* / Q000503:physiopathology; D001931:Brain Mapping / Q000379:methods*; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D002648:Child; D006801:Humans; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging; D008297:Male; D009434:Neural Pathways / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D010378:Pedophilia / Q000473:pathology*; D012742:Sex Offenses; D012725:Sexual Behavior
keywords: Anti-Sociality; Functional Connectivity; Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging; Hebephilia; Neuroimaging; Paraphilia; Pedophilia; Phallometry; Sex Offenders