title: Hormone Receptor Expression Analyses in Neoplastic and Non-Neoplastic Canine Mammary Tissue by a Bead Based Multiplex Branched DNA Assay: A Gene Expression Study in Fresh Frozen and Formalin-Fixed, Paraffin-Embedded Samples.
abstract: Immunohistochemistry (IHC) is currently considered the method of choice for steroid hormone receptor status evaluation in human breast cancer and, therefore, it is commonly utilized for assessing canine mammary tumors. In case of low hormone receptor expression, IHC is limited and thus is complemented by molecular analyses. In the present study, a multiplex bDNA assay was evaluated as a method for hormone receptor gene expression detection in canine mammary tissues. Estrogen receptor (ESR1), progesterone receptor (PGR), prolactin receptor (PRLR) and growth hormone receptor (GHR) gene expressions were evaluated in neoplastic and non-neoplastic canine mammary tissues. A set of 119 fresh frozen and 180 formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded (FFPE) was comparatively analyzed and used for assay evaluation. Furthermore, a possible association between the hormone receptor expression in different histological subtypes of canine malignant mammary tumors and the castration status, breed and invasive growth of the tumor were analyzed. The multiplex bDNA assay proved to be more sensitive for fresh frozen specimens. Hormone receptor expression found was significantly decreased in malignant mammary tumors in comparison to non-neoplastic tissue and benign mammary tumors. Among the histological subtypes the lowest gene expression levels of ESR1, PGR and PRLR were found in solid, anaplastic and ductal carcinomas. In summary, the evaluation showed that the measurement of hormone receptors with the multiplex bDNA assay represents a practicable method for obtaining detailed quantitative information about gene expression in canine mammary tissue for future studies. Still, comparison with IHC or quantitative real-time PCR is needed for further validation of the present method.
authors.affiliation: Small Animal Clinic, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Foundation, Hannover, Germany.|Division of Medicine Clinic III, Hematology, Oncology and Palliative Medicine, University of Rostock, Rostock, Germany.
authors.forename: Annika
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Mohr
authors.affiliation: Small Animal Clinic, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Foundation, Hannover, Germany.|Division of Medicine Clinic III, Hematology, Oncology and Palliative Medicine, University of Rostock, Rostock, Germany.
authors.forename: Florenza
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Lüder Ripoli
authors.affiliation: Small Animal Clinic, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Foundation, Hannover, Germany.|Division of Medicine Clinic III, Hematology, Oncology and Palliative Medicine, University of Rostock, Rostock, Germany.
authors.forename: Susanne Conradine
authors.initials: SC
authors.lastname: Hammer
authors.affiliation: Small Animal Clinic, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Foundation, Hannover, Germany.
authors.forename: Saskia
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Willenbrock
authors.affiliation: Institute of Pathology, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Foundation, Hannover, Germany.
authors.forename: Marion
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Hewicker-Trautwein
authors.affiliation: Department and Clinic of Veterinary Surgery, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Wroclaw University of Environmental and Life Sciences, Wrocław, Poland.
authors.forename: Zdzisław
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Kiełbowicz
authors.affiliation: Small Animal Clinic, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Foundation, Hannover, Germany.|Division of Medicine Clinic III, Hematology, Oncology and Palliative Medicine, University of Rostock, Rostock, Germany.
authors.forename: Hugo
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Murua Escobar
authors.affiliation: Small Animal Clinic, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Foundation, Hannover, Germany.
authors.forename: Ingo
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Nolte
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor / Q000235:genetics; D021121:Branched DNA Signal Amplification Assay; D044584:Carcinoma, Ductal / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology / Q000662:veterinary*; D004283:Dog Diseases / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D004285:Dogs; D005260:Female; D015870:Gene Expression; D015674:Mammary Neoplasms, Animal / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D016612:Paraffin Embedding; D011960:Receptors, Estrogen / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism; D011980:Receptors, Progesterone / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism; D011981:Receptors, Prolactin / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism; D011986:Receptors, Somatotropin / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor; D011960:Receptors, Estrogen; D011980:Receptors, Progesterone; D011981:Receptors, Prolactin; D011986:Receptors, Somatotropin