title: Exploratory analysis of the potential relationship between urinary molybdenum and bone mineral density among adult men and women from NHANES 2007-2010.
abstract: Human exposure to molybdenum (Mo) may play a role in reducing bone mineral density (BMD) by interfering with steroid sex hormone levels. To begin to address gaps in the literature on this topic, the potential relationship between urinary Mo (U-Mo) and BMD at the femoral neck (FN-BMD) and lumbar spine (LS-BMD) was explored in a sample of 1496 adults participating in the 2007-2010 cycles of the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. Associations were assessed using multiple linear regression models stratified on sex and age. In adjusted models for 50-80+ year-old women, there was a statistically significant inverse relationship between natural log-U-Mo and LS-BMD (p-value: 0.002), and a statistically significant dose-dependent decrease in LS-BMD with increasing U-Mo quartiles (trend p-value: 0.002). A suggestive (trend p-value: 0.08), dose-dependent decrease in FN-BMD with increasing U-Mo quartiles was noted in this group of women as well. All other adjusted models revealed no statistically significant or suggestive relationships between U-Mo and FN-BMD or LS-BMD. Bone health is important for overall human health and well-being and, given the exploratory nature of this work, additional studies are needed to confirm the results in other populations, and clarify the potential underlying mechanisms of Mo on BMD.
authors.affiliation: Exponent, Inc., Center for Occupational & Environmental Health Risk Assessment, 475 14th Street, Suite 475, Oakland, CA 94612, USA.
authors.forename: Ryan C
authors.initials: RC
authors.lastname: Lewis
authors.affiliation: University of Michigan School of Public Health, Department of Environmental Health Sciences, 1415 Washington Heights, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA.
authors.forename: Lauren E
authors.initials: LE
authors.lastname: Johns
authors.affiliation: University of Michigan School of Public Health, Department of Environmental Health Sciences, 1415 Washington Heights, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA. Electronic address: meekerj@umich.edu.
authors.forename: John D
authors.initials: JD
authors.lastname: Meeker
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000097:blood / Q000652:urine; D015519:Bone Density / Q000187:drug effects; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D005260:Female; D005272:Femur Neck / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism*; D006801:Humans; D057230:Limit of Detection; D008159:Lumbar Vertebrae / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D008982:Molybdenum / Q000652:urine*; D009749:Nutrition Surveys; D014481:United States
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; D008982:Molybdenum
keywords: Biomarkers; Bone mineral density; Epidemiology; Molybdenum; Steroid sex hormones