title: Professionalism in anesthesia.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Is professionalism in medicine just another bureaucratic imposition on our practice or a fundamental concept for physicians at all stages in their career? In this review, the historical perspectives of professionalism are explored as well as the what, why, and how questions concerning this topic.
  
  
  METHODS
  The key words "professionalism" and "anesthesia" were used to conduct a search of the PubMed database, the policies and publications of relevant Canadian and international physician regulatory bodies and organizations, historical documents, and other internet publications.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Professionalism in anesthesia has a long history. While there are many definitions for professionalism, some very dated, all are based on virtues, behaviour, or professional identity. Professionalism plays a central role in the balance between physician autonomy and social contract, and it has a significant impact on patient safety and medicolegal litigation.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Considerable evidence exists to suggest that professionalism must be treated seriously, particularly in these times of social accountability and budgetary pressures.
authors.affiliation: Department of Anesthesiology, The Ottawa Hospital, Civic Campus, Room B303, 1053 Carling Avenue, Mail Stop 249, Ottawa, ON, K1Y 4E9, Canada. hyang@toh.on.ca.
authors.forename: Homer
authors.identifier: http://orcid.org/0000-0003-1943-8857
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Yang
mesh_terms: D000776:Anesthesiology; D006801:Humans; D000070516:Intersectoral Collaboration; D061214:Patient Safety; D010820:Physicians; D017009:Professional Autonomy; D000068616:Professionalism; D012941:Social Responsibility; D028722:Virtues