title: Alternative products to treat allergic rhinitis and alternative routes for allergy immunotherapy.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Some alternative products instead of immunotherapy are used in patients with allergic rhinitis (AR).
  
  
  METHODS
  In this paper, alternative products to treat allergic rhinitis and alternative routes for allergy immunotherapy are reviewed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Alternative products and methods used instead of immunotherapy are tea therapy, acupuncture, Nigella sativa, cinnamon bark, Spanish needle, acerola, capsaicin (Capsicum annum), allergen-absorbing ointment, and cellulose powder. N. sativa has been used in AR treatment due to its anti-inflammatory effects. N. sativa oil also inhibits the cyclooxygenase and 5-lipoxygenase pathways of arachidonic acid metabolism. The beneficial effects of N. sativa seed supplementation on the symptoms of AR may be due to its antihistaminic properties. To improve the efficacy of immunotherapy, some measures are taken regarding known immunotherapy applications and alternative routes of intralymphatic immunotherapy and epicutaneous immunotherapy are used.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  There are alternative routes and products to improve the efficacy of immunotherapy.
authors.affiliation: Ear, Nose and Throat (ENT) Department, Ankara Koru Hospital, Ankara, Turkey.
authors.forename: Kagan
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Ipci
authors.forename: Tugba
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Oktemer
authors.forename: Nuray Bayar
authors.initials: NB
authors.lastname: Muluk
authors.forename: Ethem
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Şahin
authors.forename: Niyazi
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Altıntoprak
authors.forename: Sameer Ali
authors.initials: SA
authors.lastname: Bafaqeeh
authors.forename: Yasemin
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Kurt
authors.forename: Ranko
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Mladina
authors.forename: Marin
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Šubarić
authors.forename: Cemal
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Cingi
mesh_terms: D015670:Acupuncture Therapy; D000818:Animals; D000893:Anti-Inflammatory Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D000529:Complementary Therapies; D003888:Desensitization, Immunologic / Q000401:mortality*; D006801:Humans; D031881:Nigella sativa; D008517:Phytotherapy; D065631:Rhinitis, Allergic / Q000276:immunology / Q000628:therapy*; D000069460:Teas, Medicinal
chemical_list: D000893:Anti-Inflammatory Agents