title: Measuring the globalization of cities from the new regionalism perspective.
abstract: The study aims to analyze the export performance of countries and of cities within them to identify synchronized or unsynchronized movement between them. In the empirical part of the study, the measurements used to analyze the export performance of the countries included in the literature are applied to establish the export performance of a single city-Sakarya, Turkey. These measurements include the Herfindahl-Hirchman product and market concentration indices, the Lawrence index, the trade complementarity index, and the Grubel-Lloyd intra-industry index, as well as additional indicators with local or regional contexts. The limited number of studies analyzing the export competitiveness of a single city with relevant formats in the literature reveal the significance of the study.
authors.affiliation: Department of International Trade, Sakarya University, 54187 Serdivan, Sakarya Turkey.
authors.forename: Oylum Şehvez
authors.initials: OŞ
authors.lastname: Ergüzel
authors.affiliation: Department of International Trade, Sakarya University, 54187 Serdivan, Sakarya Turkey.
authors.forename: Hakan
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Tunahan
authors.affiliation: Department of International Trade, Sakarya University, 54187 Serdivan, Sakarya Turkey.
authors.forename: Sinan
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Esen
keywords: Cities and countries; Global competitiveness; New regionalism; Trade outcomes indicators; Trade performance