title: Extralobar pulmonary sequestration in neonates: The natural course and predictive factors associated with spontaneous regression.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To describe the natural course of extralobar pulmonary sequestration (EPS) and identify factors associated with spontaneous regression of EPS.
  
  
  METHODS
  We retrospectively searched for patients diagnosed with EPS on initial contrast CT scan within 1 month after birth and had a follow-up CT scan without treatment. Spontaneous regression of EPS was assessed by percentage decrease in volume (PDV) and percentage decrease in sum of the diameter of systemic feeding arteries (PDD) by comparing initial and follow-up CT scans. Clinical and CT features were analysed to determine factors associated with PDV and PDD rates.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Fifty-one neonates were included. The cumulative proportions of patients reaching PDV > 50 % and PDD > 50 % were 93.0 % and 73.3 % at 4 years, respectively. Tissue attenuation was significantly associated with PDV rate (B = -21.78, P < .001). The tissue attenuation (B = -22.62, P = .001) and diameter of the largest systemic feeding arteries (B = -48.31, P = .011) were significant factors associated with PDD rate.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The volume and diameter of systemic feeding arteries of EPS spontaneously decreased within 4 years without treatment. EPSs showing a low tissue attenuation and small diameter of the largest systemic feeding arteries on initial contrast-enhanced CT scans were likely to regress spontaneously.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  • Extralobar pulmonary sequestration (EPS) could show spontaneous regression. • Initial CT features may predict spontaneous regression of EPS. • The tissue attenuation and diameter of systemic feeding artery are important factors.
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology and Research Institute of Radiology, Asan Medical Center Children's Hospital, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, 88 Olympic-ro 43-gil, Songpa-gu, Seoul, 138-736, Korea.
authors.forename: Hee Mang
authors.initials: HM
authors.lastname: Yoon
authors.affiliation: Division of Neonatology, Asan Medical Center Children's Hospital, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.
authors.forename: Ellen Ai-Rhan
authors.initials: EA
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatrics, Kyung Hee University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.
authors.forename: Sung-Hoon
authors.initials: SH
authors.lastname: Chung
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical Epidemiology & Biostatistics, Asan Medical Center, Seoul, Korea.
authors.forename: Seon-Ok
authors.initials: SO
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology and Research Institute of Radiology, Asan Medical Center Children's Hospital, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, 88 Olympic-ro 43-gil, Songpa-gu, Seoul, 138-736, Korea.
authors.forename: Ah Young
authors.initials: AY
authors.lastname: Jung
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology and Research Institute of Radiology, Asan Medical Center Children's Hospital, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, 88 Olympic-ro 43-gil, Songpa-gu, Seoul, 138-736, Korea.
authors.forename: Young Ah
authors.initials: YA
authors.lastname: Cho
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology and Research Institute of Radiology, Asan Medical Center Children's Hospital, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, 88 Olympic-ro 43-gil, Songpa-gu, Seoul, 138-736, Korea.
authors.forename: Chong Hyun
authors.initials: CH
authors.lastname: Yoon
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology and Research Institute of Radiology, Asan Medical Center Children's Hospital, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, 88 Olympic-ro 43-gil, Songpa-gu, Seoul, 138-736, Korea. jslee@amc.seoul.kr.
authors.forename: Jin Seong
authors.initials: JS
authors.lastname: Lee
mesh_terms: D001998:Bronchopulmonary Sequestration / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000473:pathology* / Q000503:physiopathology; D002675:Child, Preschool; D004621:Embolization, Therapeutic / Q000379:methods; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D008168:Lung / Q000098:blood supply; D008297:Male; D011651:Pulmonary Artery / Q000473:pathology; D012075:Remission, Spontaneous; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D014057:Tomography, X-Ray Computed
keywords: Computed tomography; Extralobar pulmonary sequestration; Natural course; Neonate; Spontaneous regression