title: Lifetime Physical Activity and Breast Cancer: a Case-Control Study in Kelantan, Malaysia.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Physical inactivity has been identified as the fourth leading risk factor for global mortality and is associated with increased breast cancer diagnosis and recurrence.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To examine the association between adult lifetime physical activity and breast cancer risk in a case-control analysis.
  
  
  METHODS
  This study involved 122 cases of breast cancer and 121 controls in the state of Kelantan in Malaysia. A comprehensive measure of lifetime physical activity was used to assess occupational, household, and recreational/sports activity. For every type of activity, a metabolic equivalent (MET) score was assigned using the compendium of physical activities. MET-hours/week per year for all types of activities at different levels of intensities for different age groups were calculated. Logistic regression analysis was used to estimate odds ratios between various measures of physical activity and breast cancer risk.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The mean MET-hours/week per year for all activities were 120.0 and 132.9 of MET-hours/week per year for cases and controls respectively. Household activities accounted for about 70% of the total lifetime physical activities. Only about 2.5% of the total lifetime physical activities were in the form of recreational/sports. This study found no association between lifetime occupational and recreational/sports physical activities with breast cancer risk among Kelantanese women. However, higher intensity lifetime household activities seemed to significantly reduce risk of breast cancer.
authors.affiliation: School of Distance Education, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Penang, Malaysia E-mail : shyen@usm.my.
authors.forename: Siew Hwa
authors.initials: SH
authors.lastname: Yen
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Knight
authors.forename: Mbv
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Krishna
authors.forename: Wmw
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Muda
authors.forename: Aa
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Rufai
mesh_terms: D001943:Breast Neoplasms / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000503:physiopathology*; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D015444:Exercise / Q000502:physiology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008296:Malaysia / Q000453:epidemiology; D008875:Middle Aged; D009364:Neoplasm Recurrence, Local / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000503:physiopathology; D012307:Risk Factors