title: Pseudomonas aeruginosa in Swimming Pool Water: Evidences and Perspectives for a New Control Strategy.
abstract: Pseudomonas aeruginosa is frequently isolated in swimming pool settings. Nine recreational and rehabilitative swimming pools were monitored according to the local legislation. The presence of P. aeruginosa was correlated to chlorine concentration. The ability of the isolates to form a biofilm on plastic materials was also investigated. In 59.5% of the samples, microbial contamination exceeded the threshold values. P. aeruginosa was isolated in 50.8% of these samples. The presence of P. aeruginosa was not correlated with free or total chlorine amount (R² < 0.1). All the isolates were moderate- to strong-forming biofilm (Optical Density O.D.570 range 0.7-1.2). To control biofilm formation and P. aeruginosa colonization, Quantum FreeBioEnergy© (QFBE, FreeBioEnergy, Brisighella, Italy), has been applied with encouraging preliminary results. It is a new, promising control strategy based on the change of an electromagnetic field which is responsible for the proliferation of some microorganisms involved in biofilm formation, such as P. aeruginosa.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biology, University of Naples "Federico II", via Cinthia ed. 7, Naples 80126, Italy. marguida@unina.it.
authors.forename: Marco
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Guida
authors.affiliation: Department of Sciences and Technologies, University of Naples "Parthenope", Business District, Block C4, Naples 80143, Italy. valeria.dionofrio@uniparthenope.it.
authors.forename: Valeria
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Di Onofrio
authors.affiliation: Department of Movement and Wellbeing Sciences, University of Naples "Parthenope", Via Medina 40, Naples 80133, Italy. francesca.galle@uniparthenope.it.
authors.forename: Francesca
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Gallè
authors.affiliation: Department of Biology, University of Naples "Federico II", via Cinthia ed. 7, Naples 80126, Italy. renato.gesuele@unina.it.
authors.forename: Renato
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Gesuele
authors.affiliation: Public Health Unit, University of Rome "Foro Italico", Piazza Lauro de Bosis 6, Rome 00135, Italy. federica.valeriani@uniroma4.it.
authors.forename: Federica
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Valeriani
authors.affiliation: Department of Movement and Wellbeing Sciences, University of Naples "Parthenope", Via Medina 40, Naples 80133, Italy. liguori@ceinge.unina.it.
authors.forename: Renato
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Liguori
authors.affiliation: Public Health Unit, University of Rome "Foro Italico", Piazza Lauro de Bosis 6, Rome 00135, Italy. vincenzo.romanospica@uniroma4.it.
authors.forename: Vincenzo
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Romano Spica
authors.affiliation: Department of Movement and Wellbeing Sciences, University of Naples "Parthenope", Via Medina 40, Naples 80133, Italy. giorgio.liguori@uniparthenope.it.
authors.forename: Giorgio
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Liguori
mesh_terms: D018441:Biofilms / Q000254:growth & development*; D002713:Chlorine / Q000737:chemistry*; D006801:Humans; D017053:Infection Control / Q000379:methods; D007558:Italy / Q000453:epidemiology; D011550:Pseudomonas aeruginosa / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D011998:Recreation; D013551:Swimming Pools / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D014871:Water Microbiology
chemical_list: D002713:Chlorine
keywords: P. aeruginosa contamination; biofilm formation; control strategy