title: Hypnotic Effect of Ocimum basilicum on Pentobarbital-Induced Sleep in Mice.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Sleep disorders are accompanied by several complications, and currently used soporific drugs can induce unwanted effects such as psychomotor impairment, tolerance, amnesia, and rebound insomnia.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  The present study was carried out to investigate if Ocimum basilicum has a sleep-prolonging effect.
  
  
  METHODS
  This work was an experimental study on 72 mice which were randomly divided into 9 groups: saline (control); diazepam (3 mg/kg, positive control); hydro-alcoholic extract (HAE) of Ocimum basilicum (25, 50, or 100 mg/kg); ethyl acetate fraction (EAF, 50 mg/kg); n-butanol fraction (NBF, 50 mg/kg); water fraction (WF, 50 mg/kg); and saline containing 10% DMSO (vehicle for EAF and NBF). All the test compounds were injected intraperitoneally (IP) 30 minutes before pentobarbital administration (30 mg/kg). Duration and latency of pentobarbital-induced sleep were recorded. Also, LD50 of HAE was determined and the cytotoxicity of HAE was tested on neural and fibroblast cells using the MTT assay.
  
  
  RESULTS
  HAE increased the duration of pentobarbital-induced sleep at doses of 25, 50, and 100 mg/kg (P < 0.001). The hypnotic effect of HAE was comparable to that induced by diazepam. Similarly, WF, EAF, and NBF at 50 mg/kg could increase sleep duration. The sleep latency was decreased by HAE (P < 0.01 - P < 0.001) and NBF (P < 0.001), but not by WF and EAF. The LD50 value for HAE was found to be 2.4 g/kg. HAE had no effect on the viability of neuronal PC12 cells and L929 fibroblast cells.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The present data demonstrated that Ocimum basilicum potentiates sleeping behaviors without any cytotoxicity. The main component (s) responsible for the hypnotic effects of this plant is most likely a non-polar agent (s) which is found in NBF. Isolation of the active constituents may yield a novel sedative drug.
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, IR Iran.
authors.forename: Vahid Reza
authors.initials: VR
authors.lastname: Askari
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, IR Iran.
authors.forename: Vafa
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Baradaran Rahimi
authors.affiliation: Pharmacological Research Center of Medicinal Plants, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, IR Iran.
authors.forename: Ahmad
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Ghorbani
authors.affiliation: Pharmacological Research Center of Medicinal Plants, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, IR Iran; Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, IR Iran.
authors.forename: Hassan
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Rakhshandeh
keywords: L929; Ocimum Basilicum; PC12; Pentobarbital; Sleep