title: Global Metabolic Stress of Isoeffort Continuous and High Intensity Interval Aerobic Exercise: A Comparative1H NMR Metabonomic Study.
abstract: The overall metabolic/energetic stress that occurs during an acute bout of exercise is proposed to be the main driving force for long-term training adaptations. Continuous and high-intensity interval exercise protocols (HIIE) are currently prescribed to acquire the muscular and metabolic benefits of aerobic training. We applied1H NMR-based metabonomics to compare the overall metabolic perturbation and activation of individual bioenergetic pathways of three popular aerobic exercises matched for effort/strain. Nine men performed continuous, long-interval (3 min), and short-interval (30 s) bouts of exercise under isoeffort conditions. Blood was collected before and after exercise. The multivariate PCA and OPLS-DA models showed a distinct separation of pre- and postexercise samples in three protocols. The two models did not discriminate the postexercise overall metabolic profiles of the three exercise types. Analysis focused on muscle bioenergetic pathways revealed an extensive upregulation of carbohydrate-lipid metabolism and the TCA cycle in all three protocols; there were only a few differences among protocols in the postexercise abundance of molecules when long-interval bouts were performed. In conclusion, continuous and HIIE exercise protocols, when performed with similar effort/strain, induce comparable global metabolic response/stress despite their marked differences in work-bout intensities. This study highlights the importance of NMR metabonomics in comprehensive monitoring of metabolic consequences of exercise training in the blood of athletes and exercising individuals.
authors.affiliation: Exercise Physiology and Biochemistry Laboratory, Department of Physical Education and Sport Sciences at Serres, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki , Serres 62121, Greece.
authors.forename: Andreas
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Zafeiridis
authors.affiliation: School of Chemistry, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki , Thessaloniki 54124, Greece.
authors.forename: Anastasia Chrysovalantou
authors.initials: AC
authors.lastname: Chatziioannou
authors.affiliation: Exercise Physiology and Biochemistry Laboratory, Department of Physical Education and Sport Sciences at Serres, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki , Serres 62121, Greece.
authors.forename: Haralambos
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Sarivasiliou
authors.affiliation: Exercise Physiology and Biochemistry Laboratory, Department of Physical Education and Sport Sciences at Serres, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki , Serres 62121, Greece.
authors.forename: Antonios
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Kyparos
authors.affiliation: Exercise Physiology and Biochemistry Laboratory, Department of Physical Education and Sport Sciences at Serres, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki , Serres 62121, Greece.
authors.forename: Michalis G
authors.initials: MG
authors.lastname: Nikolaidis
authors.affiliation: Exercise Physiology and Biochemistry Laboratory, Department of Physical Education and Sport Sciences at Serres, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki , Serres 62121, Greece.
authors.forename: Ioannis S
authors.initials: IS
authors.lastname: Vrabas
authors.affiliation: Biomolecular Medicine, Division of Computational and Systems Medicine, Department of Surgery and Cancer, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London , SW7 2AZ London, United Kingdom.
authors.forename: Alexandros
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Pechlivanis
authors.affiliation: Institute of Biology, Medicinal Chemistry & Biotechnology, National Hellenic Research Foundation , 48 Vassileos Constantinou Avenue, Athens, 11635 Greece.
authors.forename: Panagiotis
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Zoumpoulakis
authors.affiliation: Institute of Biology, Medicinal Chemistry & Biotechnology, National Hellenic Research Foundation , 48 Vassileos Constantinou Avenue, Athens, 11635 Greece.
authors.forename: Constantinos
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Baskakis
authors.affiliation: Exercise Physiology and Biochemistry Laboratory, Department of Physical Education and Sport Sciences at Serres, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki , Serres 62121, Greece.
authors.forename: Konstantina
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Dipla
authors.affiliation: School of Chemistry, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki , Thessaloniki 54124, Greece.
authors.forename: Georgios A
authors.initials: GA
authors.lastname: Theodoridis
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001769:Blood / Q000378:metabolism; D002952:Citric Acid Cycle / Q000235:genetics; D004734:Energy Metabolism / Q000235:genetics; D015444:Exercise; D006801:Humans; D050356:Lipid Metabolism / Q000235:genetics; D009682:Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; D008297:Male; D055432:Metabolomics; D015999:Multivariate Analysis; D013312:Stress, Physiological; D013997:Time Factors; D015854:Up-Regulation; D055815:Young Adult
keywords: NMR; aerobic; amino acids; carbohydrates; exercise; interval exercise; lipids; metabolism; metabolites; metabolomics