title: Oxidation-Reduction Potential as a Biomarker for Severity and Acute Outcome in Traumatic Brain Injury.
abstract: There are few reliable markers for assessing traumatic brain injury (TBI). Elevated levels of oxidative stress have been observed in TBI patients. We hypothesized that oxidation-reduction potential (ORP) could be a potent biomarker in TBI. Two types of ORP were measured in patient plasma samples: the static state of oxidative stress (sORP) and capacity for induced oxidative stress (icORP). Differences in ORP values as a function of time after injury, severity, and hospital discharge were compared using ANOVAs with significance at p ≤ 0.05. Logit regression analyses were used to predict acute outcome comparing ORP, Injury Severity Score (ISS), Abbreviated Injury Scale (AIS), and Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS). Antioxidant capacity (icORP) on day 4 was prognostic for acute outcomes (p < 0.05). An odds ratio of 4.08 was associated with poor acute outcome when icORP > 7.25 μC. IcORP was a better predictor than ISS, AIS, or GCS scores. sORP increased in those with the highest ISS values (p < 0.05). Based on these findings ORP is useful biomarker for severity and acute outcome in TBI patients. Changes in ORP values on day 4 after injury were the most prognostic, suggesting that patients' response to brain injury over time is a factor that determines outcome.
authors.affiliation: Department of Trauma Research, Swedish Medical Center, Englewood, CO 80113, USA.
authors.forename: Kimberly B
authors.identifier: 0000-0002-0473-5413
authors.initials: KB
authors.lastname: Bjugstad
authors.affiliation: Department of Trauma Research, Swedish Medical Center, Englewood, CO 80113, USA.
authors.forename: Leonard T
authors.identifier: 0000-0003-3282-7072
authors.initials: LT
authors.lastname: Rael
authors.affiliation: InterMountain Neurosurgery, St. Anthony Hospital, Lakewood, CO 80228, USA.
authors.forename: Stewart
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Levy
authors.affiliation: Medical Center of Plano, Plano, TX 75075, USA.
authors.forename: Matthew
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Carrick
authors.affiliation: Department of Trauma Research, St. Anthony Hospital, Lakewood, CO 80228, USA; Department of Biomedical Sciences, Rocky Vista University, Aurora, CO 80134, USA; Penrose-St. Francis Health Services, Colorado Springs, CO 80907, USA.
authors.forename: Charles W
authors.initials: CW
authors.lastname: Mains
authors.affiliation: Department of Trauma Research, Swedish Medical Center, Englewood, CO 80113, USA; Department of Biomedical Sciences, Rocky Vista University, Aurora, CO 80134, USA.
authors.forename: Denetta S
authors.initials: DS
authors.lastname: Slone
authors.affiliation: Department of Trauma Research, Swedish Medical Center, Englewood, CO 80113, USA; Department of Trauma Research, St. Anthony Hospital, Lakewood, CO 80228, USA; Department of Biomedical Sciences, Rocky Vista University, Aurora, CO 80134, USA; Penrose-St. Francis Health Services, Colorado Springs, CO 80907, USA.
authors.forename: David
authors.identifier: 0000-0002-3685-314X
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Bar-Or
mesh_terms: D000208:Acute Disease; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000097:blood; D000070642:Brain Injuries, Traumatic / Q000097:blood / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000628:therapy; D003120:Colorado; D005260:Female; D015600:Glasgow Coma Scale; D006801:Humans; D015601:Injury Severity Score; D007902:Length of Stay; D016015:Logistic Models; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D016017:Odds Ratio; D010084:Oxidation-Reduction; D018384:Oxidative Stress; D010351:Patient Discharge; D011237:Predictive Value of Tests; D011379:Prognosis; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D013997:Time Factors
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers