title: Multiple linear regression approach for the analysis of the relationships between joints mobility and regional pressure-based parameters in the normal-arched foot.
abstract: Plantar load can be considered as a measure of the foot ability to transmit forces at the foot/ground, or foot/footwear interface during ambulatory activities via the lower limb kinematic chain. While morphological and functional measures have been shown to be correlated with plantar load, no exhaustive data are currently available on the possible relationships between range of motion of foot joints and plantar load regional parameters. Joints' kinematics from a validated multi-segmental foot model were recorded together with plantar pressure parameters in 21 normal-arched healthy subjects during three barefoot walking trials. Plantar pressure maps were divided into six anatomically-based regions of interest associated to corresponding foot segments. A stepwise multiple regression analysis was performed to determine the relationships between pressure-based parameters, joints range of motion and normalized walking speed (speed/subject height). Sagittal- and frontal-plane joint motion were those most correlated to plantar load. Foot joints' range of motion and normalized walking speed explained between 6% and 43% of the model variance (adjusted R2) for pressure-based parameters. In general, those joints' presenting lower mobility during stance were associated to lower vertical force at forefoot and to larger mean and peak pressure at hindfoot and forefoot. Normalized walking speed was always positively correlated to mean and peak pressure at hindfoot and forefoot. While a large variance in plantar pressure data is still not accounted for by the present models, this study provides statistical corroboration of the close relationship between joint mobility and plantar pressure during stance in the normal healthy foot.
authors.affiliation: Movement Analysis Laboratory and Functional Evaluation of Prostheses, Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, Bologna, Italy. Electronic address: paolo.caravaggi@ior.it.
authors.forename: Paolo
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Caravaggi
authors.affiliation: Movement Analysis Laboratory and Functional Evaluation of Prostheses, Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, Bologna, Italy.
authors.forename: Alberto
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Leardini
authors.affiliation: Department of Technology and Health, Istituto Superiore di Sanità (Italian National Institute of Health), Rome, Italy.
authors.forename: Claudia
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Giacomozzi
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001696:Biomechanical Phenomena; D005260:Female; D005528:Foot / Q000502:physiology*; D033023:Foot Joints / Q000502:physiology*; D005684:Gait; D006801:Humans; D016014:Linear Models; D008297:Male; D011312:Pressure; D016059:Range of Motion, Articular; D055815:Young Adult
keywords: Foot joints; Motion; Multiple regression analysis; Plantar load; Pressure; Walking speed