title: Ultrasound-assisted removal of Acid Red 17 using nanosized Fe3O4-loaded coffee waste hydrochar.
abstract: The Fe3O4-loaded coffee waste hydrochar (Fe3O4-CHC) was synthesized using a simple precipitation method. The as-prepared adsorbent was characterized using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX), X-ray diffraction (XRD), Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET) and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR). The EDX analysis indicated the presence of Fe in the structure of Fe3O4-CHC. The specific surface area of hydrochar increased from 17.2 to 34.7m2/g after loading of Fe3O4nanoparticles onto it. The prepared Fe3O4-CHC was used for removal of Acid Red 17 (AR17) through ultrasound-assisted process. The decolorization efficiency decreased from 100 to 74% with the increase in initial dye concentration and from 100 to 91 and 85% in the presence of NaCl and Na2SO4, respectively. The synthesized Fe3O4-CHC exhibited good stability in the repeated adsorption-desorption cycles. The high correlation coefficient (R2=0.997) obtained from Langmuir model indicated that physical and monolayer adsorption of dye molecules occurred on the Fe3O4-CHC surface. Furthermore, the by-products generated through the degradation of AR17 was identified by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry analysis.
authors.affiliation: Research Laboratory of Advanced Water and Wastewater Treatment Processes, Department of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Tabriz, 51666-16471 Tabriz, Iran; Department of Materials Science and Nanotechnology, Near East University, 99138 Nicosia, North Cyprus, Mersin 10, Turkey. Electronic address: a_khataee@tabrizu.ac.ir.
authors.forename: Alireza
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Khataee
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry, Art and Science Faculty, Aksaray University, 68100 Aksaray, Turkey.
authors.forename: Berkant
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Kayan
authors.affiliation: Department of Environmental and Natural Resources Engineering, School of Applied Sciences, Technological and Educational Institute of Crete, 73100 Chania, Crete, Greece.
authors.forename: Dimitrios
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Kalderis
authors.affiliation: Research Laboratory of Advanced Water and Wastewater Treatment Processes, Department of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Tabriz, 51666-16471 Tabriz, Iran.
authors.forename: Atefeh
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Karimi
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry, Art and Science Faculty, Aksaray University, 68100 Aksaray, Turkey.
authors.forename: Sema
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Akay
authors.affiliation: Department of Production Engineering and Management, Technical University of Crete, 73100 Chania, Crete, Greece.
authors.forename: Michalis
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Konsolakis
mesh_terms: D000327:Adsorption; D001391:Azo Compounds / Q000737:chemistry / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D003069:Coffee / Q000737:chemistry*; D052203:Ferrosoferric Oxide / Q000737:chemistry*; D053758:Nanoparticles / Q000737:chemistry*; D017680:Potassium Compounds / Q000737:chemistry; D012965:Sodium Chloride / Q000737:chemistry; D013431:Sulfates / Q000737:chemistry; D000069453:Ultrasonic Waves; D014866:Waste Products / Q000032:analysis*; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical / Q000737:chemistry / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D018508:Water Purification / Q000379:methods*
chemical_list: D001391:Azo Compounds; D003069:Coffee; D017680:Potassium Compounds; D013431:Sulfates; D014866:Waste Products; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical; C012036:sodium sulfate; D012965:Sodium Chloride; C009007:potassium persulfate; D052203:Ferrosoferric Oxide
keywords: Dye removal; Fe(3)O(4) nanoparticles; Hydrochar; Magnetite; Sonolysis; Ultrasound