title: Adding Biotin to Parenteral Nutrition Solutions Without Lipid Accelerates the Growth of Candida albicans.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  We have previously demonstrated that Candida albicans requires multivitamins (MVs) or lipid to increase rapidly in parenteral nutrition (PN) solutions. In this study, in detail, the effects of vitamins on the growth of C. albicans in PN solutions without lipid were investigated.
  
  
  METHODS
  In the 1st experiment, a commercial PN solution without lipid was supplemented with water-soluble vitamins (SVs: vitamins B1, B2, B6, B12 and C, folic acid, nicotinamide, biotin and panthenol), water-insoluble vitamins (IVs: vitamins A, D, E and K) or both (MVs). In the 2nd experiment, the test solutions were prepared by supplementing the PN solution with one of each or all of the SVs. In the 3rd experiment, another commercial peripheral PN (PPN) solution without lipid was supplemented with SVs, nicotinic acid, biotin or both nicotinic acid and biotin. In each of the experiments, a specified number of C. albicans organisms was added to each test solution, and all of the test solutions were allowed to stand at room temperature (23-26ºC). The number of C. albicans was counted at 0, 24, 48 and 72 hours after the addition of the organism.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In the 1st experiment, the C. albicans increased rapidly in the PN solution supplemented with the SVs, but increased slowly without the SVs, regardless of the addition of the IVs. In the 2nd experiment, the C. albicans increased rapidly in the PN solution supplemented with the SVs or biotin, but increased slowly with each of the other water-soluble vitamins. In the 3rd experiment, the C. albicans increased rapidly in the PPN solution supplemented with the SVs or biotin, but increased slowly with the addition of nicotinic acid.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These results suggested that adding MVs or SVs to PN solutions without lipid promotes the growth of C. albicans, and that this effect is mostly attributable to biotin.
authors.affiliation: Naruto Research Institute, Research and Development Center, Otsuka Pharmaceutical Factory, Inc., 115 Tateiwa, Naruto, Tokushima 772-8601, Japan.
authors.forename: Takashi
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Kuwahara
authors.affiliation: Naruto Research Institute, Research and Development Center, Otsuka Pharmaceutical Factory, Inc., 115 Tateiwa, Naruto, Tokushima 772-8601, Japan.
authors.forename: Shinya
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Kaneda
authors.affiliation: Naruto Research Institute, Research and Development Center, Otsuka Pharmaceutical Factory, Inc., 115 Tateiwa, Naruto, Tokushima 772-8601, Japan.
authors.forename: Kazuyuki
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Shimono
mesh_terms: D001710:Biotin / Q000494:pharmacology*; D002176:Candida albicans / Q000187:drug effects / Q000254:growth & development*; D005492:Folic Acid / Q000494:pharmacology; D050356:Lipid Metabolism / Q000187:drug effects*; D010288:Parenteral Nutrition; D012996:Solutions / Q000494:pharmacology; D014815:Vitamins / Q000494:pharmacology*
chemical_list: D012996:Solutions; D014815:Vitamins; D001710:Biotin; D005492:Folic Acid
keywords: Candida albicans; biotin; blood stream infection.; microbial growth; parenteral nutrition; vitamin