title: Use of Dithiothreitol to Dislodge Bacteria From the Biofilm on an Aortic Valve in the Operating Theatre: A Case of Infective Endocarditis Caused by Staphylococcus aureus and Proteus mirabilis.
abstract: This is the first reported case of 2 biofilm-producing bacteria, Staphylococcus aureus and Proteus mirabilis, identified from an aortic valve using an innovative device with dithiothreitol solution, able to dislodge bacterial biofilm. The method is usable in the operating theatre and recommended in infective endocarditis nonresponders to empiric therapy.
authors.affiliation: Laboratorio di Microbiologia Clinica, Virologia e Diagnostica delle Bioemergenze, ASST Fatebenefratelli Sacco-Polo Universitario, Milan, Italy. Electronic address: rimoldi.sara@hsacco.it.
authors.forename: Sara G
authors.initials: SG
authors.lastname: Rimoldi
authors.affiliation: Laboratorio di Analisi Chimico-Cliniche e Microbiologiche-IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Galeazzi, Milan, Italy.
authors.forename: Elena
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: De Vecchi
authors.affiliation: Laboratorio di Microbiologia Clinica, Virologia e Diagnostica delle Bioemergenze, ASST Fatebenefratelli Sacco-Polo Universitario, Milan, Italy.
authors.forename: Cristina
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Pagani
authors.affiliation: Divisione I di Malattie Infettive, ASST Fatebenefratelli Sacco-Polo Universitario, Milan, Italy.
authors.forename: Agostino
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Zambelli
authors.affiliation: Laboratorio di Microbiologia Clinica, Virologia e Diagnostica delle Bioemergenze, ASST Fatebenefratelli Sacco-Polo Universitario, Milan, Italy.
authors.forename: Annamaria
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Di Gregorio
authors.affiliation: Unità Operativa di Cardiochirurgia, ASST Fatebenefratelli Sacco-Polo Universitario, Milan, Italy.
authors.forename: Enrica
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Bosisio
authors.affiliation: Unità Operativa di Cardiochirurgia, ASST Fatebenefratelli Sacco-Polo Universitario, Milan, Italy.
authors.forename: Paolo
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Vanelli
authors.affiliation: Unità Operativa di Cardiochirurgia, ASST Fatebenefratelli Sacco-Polo Universitario, Milan, Italy.
authors.forename: Roberto
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Scrofani
authors.affiliation: Laboratorio di Microbiologia Clinica, Virologia e Diagnostica delle Bioemergenze, ASST Fatebenefratelli Sacco-Polo Universitario, Milan, Italy.
authors.forename: Maria R
authors.initials: MR
authors.lastname: Gismondo
authors.affiliation: Unità Operativa di Cardiochirurgia, ASST Fatebenefratelli Sacco-Polo Universitario, Milan, Italy.
authors.forename: Giovanni
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Cagnoni
authors.affiliation: Unità Operativa di Cardiochirurgia, ASST Fatebenefratelli Sacco-Polo Universitario, Milan, Italy.
authors.forename: Carlo
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Antona
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001021:Aortic Valve / Q000187:drug effects / Q000382:microbiology* / Q000601:surgery; D018441:Biofilms / Q000187:drug effects*; D017548:Echocardiography, Transesophageal / Q000379:methods; D004697:Endocarditis, Bacterial / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000209:etiology / Q000601:surgery; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D009873:Operating Rooms; D011513:Proteus mirabilis / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000502:physiology; D018570:Risk Assessment; D013211:Staphylococcus aureus / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000502:physiology; D019966:Substance-Related Disorders / Q000150:complications; D016896:Treatment Outcome