title: A Global Analysis of the Polygalacturonase Gene Family in Soybean (Glycine max).
abstract: Polygalacturonase is one of the pectin hydrolytic enzymes involved in various developmental and physiological processes such as seed germination, organ abscission, pod and anther dehiscence, and xylem cell formation. To date, no systematic analysis of polygalacturonase incorporating genome organization, gene structure, and expression profiling has been conducted in soybean (Glycine max var. Williams 82). In this study, we identified 112 GmPG genes from the soybean Wm82.a2v1 genome. These genes were classified into three groups, group I (105 genes), group II (5 genes), and group III (2 genes). Fifty-four pairs of duplicate paralogous genes were preferentially identified from duplicated regions of the soybean genome, which implied that long segmental duplications significantly contributed to the expansion of the GmPG gene family. Moreover, GmPG transcripts were analyzed in various tissues using RNA-seq data. The results showed the differential expression of 64 GmPGs in the tissue and partially redundant expression of some duplicate genes, while others showed functional diversity. These findings suggested that the GmPGs were retained by substantial subfunctionalization during the soybean evolutionary processes. Finally, evolutionary analysis based on single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in wild and cultivated soybeans revealed that 107 GmPGs had selected site(s), which indicated that these genes may have undergone strong selection during soybean domestication. Among them, one non-synonymous SNP of GmPG031 affected floral development during selection, which was consistent with the results of RNA-seq and evolutionary analyses. Thus, our results contribute to the functional characterization of GmPG genes in soybean.
authors.affiliation: Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology, Key Laboratory of Soybean Molecular Design Breeding, the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Harbin, 150081, China.|University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China.
authors.forename: Feifei
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology, Key Laboratory of Soybean Molecular Design Breeding, the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Harbin, 150081, China.
authors.forename: Xia
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Sun
authors.affiliation: School of Computer Science and Technology, Heilongjiang University, Harbin, 150080, China.
authors.forename: Xinyi
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Shi
authors.affiliation: Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology, Key Laboratory of Soybean Molecular Design Breeding, the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Harbin, 150081, China.
authors.forename: Hong
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Zhai
authors.affiliation: School of Life Sciences, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou, 510006, China.
authors.forename: Changen
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Tian
authors.affiliation: Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology, Key Laboratory of Soybean Molecular Design Breeding, the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Harbin, 150081, China.
authors.forename: Fanjiang
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Kong
authors.affiliation: Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology, Key Laboratory of Soybean Molecular Design Breeding, the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Harbin, 150081, China.
authors.forename: Baohui
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.affiliation: Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology, Key Laboratory of Soybean Molecular Design Breeding, the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Harbin, 150081, China.
authors.forename: Xiaohui
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Yuan