title: Clinical characterization of posterior polymorphous corneal dystrophy in patients of Indian ethnicity.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To characterize the clinical presentation of posterior polymorphous corneal dystrophy (PPCD) in eyes of Indian ethnicity.
  
  
  METHODS
  Retrospective cohort study from January 1995 to December 2015.
  
  
  METHODS
  Patients with the diagnosis of posterior polymorphous corneal dystrophy.
  
  
  METHODS
  Medical records of the patients were reviewed for clinical presentation. Histology of corneal specimens of those that underwent keratoplasty was assessed.
  
  
  METHODS
  Descriptive analysis of clinical condition.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Mean age at first evaluation was 32.5 years (range 1-73 years), male:female = 35:18. Majority (44/53; 83 %) of the patients had bilateral involvement. 5/9 (44 %) patients with unilateral presentation were amblyopic in the affected eye. The clinical features documented were vesicles in 94 eyes, band-like pattern in 32 eyes, edema of varying degree in 23 eyes (12 patients, 1 patient was one eyed), and anterior segment changes in 1 eye. 8/45 (17 %) eyes had a regular astigmatism with steep axis >47 D (range 47.2-56.2 D). 16 eyes of 12 patients who had clinically evident corneal edema underwent keratoplasty. Mean age at keratoplasty was 58 years (range 1-73 years). 8 patients had penetrating keratoplasty (PK) and 8 had Descemet stripping endothelial keratoplasty (DSEK). Mean follow-up after keratoplasty was 4.2 years (1 month to 13 years). Except one, all grafts remained clear till the last follow-up. In all specimens, the Descemet membrane was grossly thickened.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In our study, 12/53 (22.6 %) patients required keratoplasty for visually significant corneal edema. Except one, all were older adults. The patients who needed keratoplasty were bilaterally afflicted and had visually significant cornea edema in both eyes. With a mean follow-up duration of 4.2 years after keratoplasty, no recurrences were noted.
authors.affiliation: Tej Kohli Cornea Institute, LV Prasad Eye Institute, Kallam Anji Reddy Campus, Banjara Hills, Hyderabad, 560 034, India. sunita@lvpei.org.
authors.forename: Sunita
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Chaurasia
authors.affiliation: Tej Kohli Cornea Institute, LV Prasad Eye Institute, Kallam Anji Reddy Campus, Banjara Hills, Hyderabad, 560 034, India.
authors.forename: Rashmi
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Mittal
authors.affiliation: Tej Kohli Cornea Institute, LV Prasad Eye Institute, Kallam Anji Reddy Campus, Banjara Hills, Hyderabad, 560 034, India.
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Bichappa
authors.affiliation: Tej Kohli Cornea Institute, LV Prasad Eye Institute, Kallam Anji Reddy Campus, Banjara Hills, Hyderabad, 560 034, India.
authors.forename: Muralidhar
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Ramappa
authors.affiliation: Tej Kohli Cornea Institute, LV Prasad Eye Institute, Kallam Anji Reddy Campus, Banjara Hills, Hyderabad, 560 034, India.
authors.forename: Somasheila I
authors.initials: SI
authors.lastname: Murthy
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D003315:Cornea / Q000473:pathology* / Q000601:surgery; D003317:Corneal Dystrophies, Hereditary / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000208:ethnology / Q000601:surgery; D019781:Corneal Topography / Q000379:methods*; D005006:Ethnicity; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D007194:India / Q000453:epidemiology; D007223:Infant; D015948:Keratoplasty, Penetrating / Q000379:methods*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D055815:Young Adult
keywords: Corneal endothelium; Descemet membrane; Dystrophy; Keratoplasty; Posterior polymorphous endothelial dystrophy