title: Implicit and Explicit Routes to Recognize the Own Body: Evidence from Brain Damaged Patients.
abstract: Much research suggested that recognizing our own body-parts and attributing a body-part to our physical self-likely involve distinct processes. Accordingly, facilitation for self-body-parts was found when an implicit, but not an explicit, self-recognition was required. Here, we assess whether implicit and explicit bodily self-recognition is mediated by different cerebral networks and can be selectively impaired after brain lesion. To this aim, right- (RBD) and left- (LBD) brain damaged patients and age-matched controls were presented with rotated pictures of either self- or other-people hands. In the Implicit task participants were submitted to hand laterality judgments. In the Explicit task they had to judge whether the hand belonged, or not, to them. In the Implicit task, controls and LBD patients, but not RBD patients, showed an advantage for self-body stimuli. In the Explicit task a disadvantage emerged for self-compared to others' body stimuli in controls as well as in patients. Moreover, when we directly compared the performance of patients and controls, we found RBD, but not LBD, patients to be impaired in both the implicit and explicit recognition of self-body-part stimuli. Conversely, no differences were found for others' body-part stimuli. Crucially, 40% RBD patients showed a selective deficit for implicit processing of self-body-part stimuli, whereas 27% of them showed a selective deficit in the explicit recognition of their own body. Additionally, we provide anatomical evidence revealing the neural basis of this dissociation. Based on both behavioral and anatomical data, we suggest that different areas of the right hemisphere underpin implicit and explicit self-body knowledge.
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychology, University of Bologna Bologna, Italy.
authors.forename: Michela
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Candini
authors.affiliation: Clinical Psychology Service, Villa Bellombra Rehabilitation Hospital Bologna, Italy.
authors.forename: Marina
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Farinelli
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychology, University of Essex Colchester, UK.
authors.forename: Francesca
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Ferri
authors.affiliation: IRCCS, Fondazione Salvatore Maugeri Mantova, Italy.
authors.forename: Stefano
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Avanzi
authors.affiliation: Neuroradiology Unit, Department of Neurosciences, Bellaria Hospital Bologna, Italy.
authors.forename: Daniela
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Cevolani
authors.affiliation: Department of Neuroscience, University of ParmaParma, Italy; School of Advanced Study, Institute of Philosophy, University of LondonLondon, UK.
authors.forename: Vittorio
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Gallese
authors.affiliation: Institute of Mental Health Research, University of Ottawa Ottawa, Canada.
authors.forename: Georg
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Northoff
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychology, University of BolognaBologna, Italy; IRCCS, Fondazione Salvatore MaugeriMantova, Italy.
authors.forename: Francesca
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Frassinetti
keywords: body-part; brain damaged patient; implicit and explicit dissociation; mental rotation; self-other recognition