title: Contrast-Induced Acute Kidney Injury in Patients Undergoing Carotid Artery Stenting: An Underestimated Issue.
abstract: Carotid artery stenting (CAS) is increasingly offered to patients with carotid artery stenosis. Although CAS is a less invasive (and thus more attractive) alternative compared with carotid endarterectomy, it requires the use of contrast material. A possible side effect from the use of contrast material during CAS is the development of contrast-induced acute kidney injury (CI-AKI). This review discusses the incidence/prevalence and clinical significance of CI-AKI developing after CAS. We also discuss possible measures to reduce the incidence of CI-AKI after CAS.
authors.affiliation: 1 Northern Vascular Center, Freeman Hospital, Newcastle upon Tyne Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom.
authors.forename: Kosmas I
authors.initials: KI
authors.lastname: Paraskevas
authors.affiliation: 2 Department of Clinical Biochemistry (Vascular Disease Prevention Clinic), Royal Free Hospital Campus, University College London Medical School, University College London (UCL), London, United Kingdom.
authors.forename: Dimitri P
authors.initials: DP
authors.lastname: Mikhailidis
mesh_terms: D058186:Acute Kidney Injury / Q000139:chemically induced* / Q000150:complications / Q000453:epidemiology*; D016893:Carotid Stenosis / Q000150:complications* / Q000453:epidemiology*; D003287:Contrast Media / Q000009:adverse effects*; D016894:Endarterectomy, Carotid / Q000009:adverse effects; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D015995:Prevalence; D018570:Risk Assessment; D012307:Risk Factors; D015607:Stents / Q000009:adverse effects; D013997:Time Factors; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D003287:Contrast Media
keywords: acute kidney injury; carotid artery stenting; contrast material; contrast-induced acute kidney injury