title: [New prognostic and predictive markers for breast cancer].
abstract: Breast cancer can be divided into four molecular subtypes with different prognoses using immunohistochemical markers in the routine clinicopathological work-up. The protein Ki-67 is of central importance in this context, in particular to distinguish between luminal A and luminal B carcinomas. Determination of the Ki-67 index of a carcinoma also allows a prediction of the likelihood of the response to chemotherapy. Additionally, the expression of certain cytokeratins in tumor cells is associated with a poor response to chemotherapy. The heterogeneity of molecular subtypes with regard to the histological appearance indicates an even greater diversity of breast cancer. We were able to show that a high proportion of luminal B carcinomas display neuroendocrine differentiation. Further studies with particular emphasis on histomorphological criteria should be performed to attain a more accurate classification of breast cancer and to pave the way towards targeted therapies for a better prognosis in the future.
authors.affiliation: Pathologisches Institut, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Krankenhausstr. 8-10, 91054, Erlangen, Deutschland. david.wachter@uk-erlangen.de.
authors.forename: D L
authors.initials: DL
authors.lastname: Wachter
mesh_terms: D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor / Q000235:genetics*; D001940:Breast / Q000473:pathology*; D001943:Breast Neoplasms / Q000145:classification / Q000235:genetics* / Q000473:pathology*; D002471:Cell Transformation, Neoplastic / Q000235:genetics* / Q000473:pathology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D019394:Ki-67 Antigen / Q000235:genetics; D018358:Neuroendocrine Tumors / Q000145:classification / Q000235:genetics* / Q000473:pathology*; D011379:Prognosis
chemical_list: D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor; D019394:Ki-67 Antigen
keywords: Breast cancer; Ki-67; Molecular subtypes; Neuroendocrine differentiation; Prognosis