title: Immunomodulation over the course of experimental Arthrographis kalrae infection in mice.
abstract: Arthrographis kalrae is occasionally described as an opportunistic human pathogen. This study investigated the immune response to A. kalrae during murine experimental infection (7, 14, 28 and 56 days post infection). The fungal load was higher in the early phase and mice presented with neurological syndrome over the course of the infection. There was a gradual increase in the level of anti-A. kalrae IgG and increased levels of DTH at 14 days. There was decreased IFN-γ (14-56 days) and an increase in IL-4 (7 and 56 days). Decreased levels of cytokines (IFN-γ, IL-4, IL-10 and IL-17) were observed in the brain at 56 days p.i. The results suggest that the immune response during murine A. kalrae infection modulates to the pattern of Th2 response. This study shows for the first time the cytokines and cellular immunomodulation that occur in response to an experimental infection with A. kalrae in mice.
authors.affiliation: State University of Londrina, UEL, Rod. Celso Garcia Cid, km 380, 86057-970, Londrina, PR, Brazil. Electronic address: luciene@tecpar.br.
authors.forename: Luciene Airy
authors.initials: LA
authors.lastname: Nagashima
authors.affiliation: University of the Ryukyus, Okinawa, Japan.
authors.forename: Ayako
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Sano
authors.affiliation: State University of Londrina, UEL, Rod. Celso Garcia Cid, km 380, 86057-970, Londrina, PR, Brazil.
authors.forename: Eduardo José
authors.initials: EJ
authors.lastname: de Almeida Araújo
authors.affiliation: State University of Londrina, UEL, Rod. Celso Garcia Cid, km 380, 86057-970, Londrina, PR, Brazil.
authors.forename: Paula Leonello
authors.initials: PL
authors.lastname: Álvares E Silva
authors.affiliation: State University of Londrina, UEL, Rod. Celso Garcia Cid, km 380, 86057-970, Londrina, PR, Brazil.
authors.forename: João Paulo
authors.initials: JP
authors.lastname: Assolini
authors.affiliation: State University of Londrina, UEL, Rod. Celso Garcia Cid, km 380, 86057-970, Londrina, PR, Brazil. Electronic address: itanoeiko@hotmail.com.
authors.forename: Eiko Nakagawa
authors.initials: EN
authors.lastname: Itano
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000908:Antibodies, Fungal / Q000097:blood; D000946:Antigens, Fungal / Q000276:immunology; D001203:Ascomycota / Q000276:immunology*; D001921:Brain / Q000276:immunology; D020314:Central Nervous System Fungal Infections / Q000276:immunology* / Q000382:microbiology; D016207:Cytokines / Q000097:blood / Q000276:immunology; D006801:Humans; D007111:Immunity, Cellular; D056724:Immunity, Humoral; D007074:Immunoglobulin G / Q000097:blood; D056747:Immunomodulation; D051379:Mice; D008807:Mice, Inbred BALB C; D009181:Mycoses / Q000276:immunology* / Q000382:microbiology; D018418:Th2 Cells / Q000737:chemistry; D015431:Weight Loss
chemical_list: D000908:Antibodies, Fungal; D000946:Antigens, Fungal; D016207:Cytokines; D007074:Immunoglobulin G
keywords: Central nervous system; Cytokines; Fungal infection; Immune response