title: Effects of increasing physical activity on foot structure and ankle muscle strength in adults with obesity.
abstract: [Purpose] The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of increasing physical activity on foot structure and ankle muscle strength in adults with obesity and to verify whether the rate of change in foot structure is related to that in ankle muscle strength. [Subjects and Methods] Twenty-seven adults with obesity completed a 12-week program in which the intensity of physical activity performed was gradually increased. Physical activity was monitored using a three-axis accelerometer. Foot structure was assessed using a three-dimensional foot scanner, while ankle muscle strength was measured using a dynamometry. [Results] With the increasing physical activity, the participants' feet became thinner (the rearfoot width, instep height, and girth decreased) and the arch became higher (the arch height index increased) and stiffer (the arch stiffness index increased); the ankle muscle strength also increased after the intervention. Additionally, the changes in the arch height index and arch stiffness index were not associated with changes in ankle muscle strength. [Conclusion] Increasing physical activity may be one possible approach to improve foot structure and function in individuals with obesity.
authors.affiliation: Doctoral Program in Sports Medicine, Graduate School of Comprehensive Human Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Japan.
authors.forename: Xiaoguang
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Zhao
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Health and Sports Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Japan.
authors.forename: Takehiko
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Tsujimoto
authors.affiliation: Doctoral Program in Sports Medicine, Graduate School of Comprehensive Human Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Japan.
authors.forename: Bokun
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Education, Kogakkan University, Japan.
authors.forename: Yasutomi
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Katayama
authors.affiliation: Doctoral Program in Sports Medicine, Graduate School of Comprehensive Human Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Japan.
authors.forename: Kyousuke
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Wakaba
authors.affiliation: Doctoral Program in Sports Medicine, Graduate School of Comprehensive Human Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Japan.
authors.forename: Zhennan
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Health and Sports Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Japan.
authors.forename: Kiyoji
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Tanaka
keywords: Ankle muscle strength; Foot structure; Obesity