title: Influence of degradation conditions on dentin bonding durability of three universal adhesives.
abstract: This study aims to determine dentin bonding durability of universal adhesives using shear bond strength (SBS) tests under various degradation conditions.
  
  
  
  G-Premio Bond (GP, GC), Scotchbond Universal (SU, 3M ESPE) and All Bond Universal (AB, Bisco) were compared with conventional two-step self-etch adhesive Clearfil SE Bond (SE, Kuraray Noritake Dental). Bonded specimens were divided into three groups of ten, and SBSs with bovine dentin were determined after the following treatments: 1) Storage in distilled water at 37°C for 24h followed by 3000, 10,000, 20,000 or 30,000 thermal cycles (TC group), 2) Storage in distilled water at 37°C for 3 months, 6 months or 1year (water storage, WS group) and 3) Storage in distilled water at 37°C for 24h (control).
  
  
  
  SE bonded specimens showed significantly higher SBSs than universal adhesives, regardless of TC or storage periods, although AB specimens showed significantly increased SBSs after 30,000 thermal cycles. In comparisons of universal adhesives under control and degradation conditions, SBS was only reduced in SU after 1year of WS.
  
  
  
  Following exposure of various adhesive systems to degradation conditions of thermal cycling and long term storage, SBS values of adhesive systems varied primarily with degradation period.
  
  
  
  Although universal adhesives have lower SBSs than the two-step self-etch adhesive SE, the present data indicate that the dentin bonding durability of universal adhesives in self-etch mode is sufficient for clinical use.
authors.affiliation: Department of Operative Dentistry, Nihon University School of Dentistry, Tokyo, Japan.
authors.forename: Keiichi
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Sai
authors.affiliation: Department of Operative Dentistry, Nihon University School of Dentistry, Tokyo, Japan.
authors.forename: Yutaka
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Shimamura
authors.affiliation: Department of Operative Dentistry, Nihon University School of Dentistry, Tokyo, Japan. Electronic address: Dr.takamizawa.toshiki@nihon-u.ac.jp.
authors.forename: Toshiki
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Takamizawa
authors.affiliation: Department of Operative Dentistry, Nihon University School of Dentistry, Tokyo, Japan.
authors.forename: Akimasa
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Tsujimoto
authors.affiliation: Department of Operative Dentistry, Nihon University School of Dentistry, Tokyo, Japan.
authors.forename: Arisa
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Imai
authors.affiliation: Department of Operative Dentistry, Nihon University School of Dentistry, Tokyo, Japan.
authors.forename: Hajime
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Endo
authors.affiliation: Department of General Dentistry, Creighton University School of Dentistry, Omaha, NE, USA.
authors.forename: Wayne W
authors.initials: WW
authors.lastname: Barkmeier
authors.affiliation: Department of General Dentistry, Creighton University School of Dentistry, Omaha, NE, USA.
authors.forename: Mark A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Latta
authors.affiliation: Department of Operative Dentistry, Nihon University School of Dentistry, Tokyo, Japan.
authors.forename: Masashi
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Miyazaki
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002417:Cattle; D003188:Composite Resins; D001840:Dental Bonding; D003738:Dental Cements; D003804:Dentin / Q000737:chemistry*; D017220:Dentin-Bonding Agents; D008422:Materials Testing; D019279:Resin Cements; D013499:Surface Properties; D013718:Tensile Strength; D014867:Water
chemical_list: D003188:Composite Resins; D003738:Dental Cements; D017220:Dentin-Bonding Agents; D019279:Resin Cements; D014867:Water
keywords: Dentin bonding durability; Long-term water storage; Thermal cycling; Universal adhesive