title: PPARs in obesity-induced T2DM, dyslipidaemia and NAFLD.
abstract: Obesity is a worldwide epidemic that predisposes individuals to cardiometabolic complications, such as type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), which are all related to inappropriate ectopic lipid deposition. Identification of the pathogenic molecular mechanisms and effective therapeutic approaches are highly needed. The peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPARs) modulate several biological processes that are perturbed in obesity, including inflammation, lipid and glucose metabolism and overall energy homeostasis. Here, we review how PPARs regulate the functions of adipose tissues, such as adipogenesis, lipid storage and adaptive thermogenesis, under healthy and pathological conditions. We also discuss the clinical use and mechanism of PPAR agonists in the treatment of obesity comorbidities such as dyslipidaemia, T2DM and NAFLD. First generation PPAR agonists, primarily those acting on PPARγ, are associated with adverse effects that outweigh their clinical benefits, which led to the discontinuation of their development. An improved understanding of the physiological roles of PPARs might, therefore, enable the development of safe, new PPAR agonists with improved therapeutic potential.
authors.affiliation: Université de Lille, INSERM, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, U1011-EGID, F-59000 Lille, France.
authors.forename: Barbara
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Gross
authors.affiliation: International Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, 4 Ks. Trojdena Street, 02-109 Warsaw, Poland.
authors.forename: Michal
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Pawlak
authors.affiliation: Université de Lille, INSERM, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, U1011-EGID, F-59000 Lille, France.
authors.forename: Philippe
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Lefebvre
authors.affiliation: Université de Lille, INSERM, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, U1011-EGID, F-59000 Lille, France.
authors.forename: Bart
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Staels
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D003924:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology / Q000628:therapy; D050171:Dyslipidemias / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology / Q000628:therapy; D006801:Humans; D065626:Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology / Q000628:therapy; D047492:Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptors / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000627:therapeutic use
chemical_list: D047492:Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptors