title: Enhanced cytotoxic and apoptosis inducing activity of lycopene oxidation products in different cancer cell lines.
abstract: Currently, upon understanding the metabolomics of carotenoids, it is important to address the key role of carotenoid derived products. In this regard, aim of the study was to elucidate and explore the role of lycopene (LYC) oxidative products generated through autoxidation (AOL) or chemical (KMnO4) oxidation (COL) against proliferation of selected cancer cells. Preliminary, we investigated the effect of LYC on cell viability of various cancer cell lines (PC-3, MCF-7, A431, HepG2, HeLa and A549). Based on the results of LYC treatment on cell cytotoxicity levels, MCF-7, PC-3 and HeLa cell lines were further tested with AOL and COL products. The decreased cell viability with depleted GSH and increased MDA levels were observed when treated with COL products than control, LYC and AOL. In addition, COL products increased ROS levels and percent apoptosis. The typical morphological changes and nuclear condensations showed that COL products have anti-proliferation and apoptosis inducing activity. Based on results, we hypothesized that ROS generation by LYC oxidation products may be one of intermediate step involved in apoptosis. The redox status and therapeutic approach of COL products in modulating ROS and induction of apoptosis in cancer cells were reported for the first time, to our knowledge. To conclude, COL products involves in cancer growth inhibition efficiently than intact LYC and AOL. Hence, there is a great potential for synthesizing or producing such carotenoid oxidation products to augment cancer complication.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biotechnology, Jnana Bharathi Campus, Bangalore University, Bengaluru 560 056, India.
authors.forename: Bangalore Prabhashankar
authors.initials: BP
authors.lastname: Arathi
authors.affiliation: Department of Biotechnology, Jnana Bharathi Campus, Bangalore University, Bengaluru 560 056, India.
authors.forename: Poorigali Raghavendra-Rao
authors.initials: PR
authors.lastname: Sowmya
authors.affiliation: Department of Biochemistry, Indian Institute of Science, Bengaluru 560 012, India.
authors.forename: Gini Chempakathinal
authors.initials: GC
authors.lastname: Kuriakose
authors.affiliation: Department of Biotechnology, Jnana Bharathi Campus, Bangalore University, Bengaluru 560 056, India.
authors.forename: Kariyappa
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Vijay
authors.affiliation: Department of Biochemistry and Nutrition, CSIR-Central Food Technological Research Institute, Mysuru 570 020, India.
authors.forename: Vallikannan
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Baskaran
authors.affiliation: Department of Biochemistry, Indian Institute of Science, Bengaluru 560 012, India.
authors.forename: Chelliah
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Jayabaskaran
authors.affiliation: Department of Biotechnology, Jnana Bharathi Campus, Bangalore University, Bengaluru 560 056, India. Electronic address: rlnarn21@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Rangaswamy
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Lakshminarayana
mesh_terms: D000972:Antineoplastic Agents, Phytogenic / Q000494:pharmacology*; D017209:Apoptosis / Q000187:drug effects*; D002338:Carotenoids / Q000737:chemistry*; D002453:Cell Cycle / Q000187:drug effects*; D049109:Cell Proliferation / Q000187:drug effects*; D005434:Flow Cytometry; D006801:Humans; D000077276:Lycopene; D009369:Neoplasms / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000473:pathology*; D010084:Oxidation-Reduction; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species / Q000378:metabolism*; D014407:Tumor Cells, Cultured
chemical_list: D000972:Antineoplastic Agents, Phytogenic; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species; D002338:Carotenoids; D000077276:Lycopene
keywords: Apoptosis; Cytotoxicity; Free radicals; Lycopene oxidation products; Reactive oxygen species; UPLC-MS