title: Effectiveness of the Tobacco Tactics Program in the Trinity Health System.
abstract: This study determined the effectiveness of the Tobacco Tactics intervention.
  
  
  
  This was a pragmatic, quasi-experimental study conducted from 2010 to 2013 and analyzed from 2014 to 2015 in five Michigan community hospitals; three received the Tobacco Tactics intervention, and two received usual care. Smokers (N=1,528) were identified during hospitalization, and sent surveys and cotinine tests after 6 months. Changes in pre- to post-intervention quit rates in the intervention sites were compared with usual care control sites.
  
  
  
  The toolkit for nurses included: (1) 1 continuing education unit contact hour for training; (2) a PowerPoint presentation on behavioral and pharmaceutical interventions; (3) a pocket card entitled "Helping Smokers Quit: A Guide for Clinicians"; (4) behavioral and pharmaceutical protocols; and (5) a computerized template for documentation. The toolkit for patients included: (1) a brochure; (2) a cessation DVD; (3) the Tobacco Tactics manual; (4) a 1-800-QUIT-NOW card; (5) nurse behavioral counseling and pharmaceuticals; (6) physician reminders to offer brief advice to quit coupled with medication sign-off; and (7) follow-up phone calls by trained hospital volunteers.
  
  
  
  The effectiveness of the intervention was measured by 6-month 30-day point prevalence; self-reported quit rates with NicAlert(®) urinary biochemical verification (48-hour detection period); and the use of electronic medical record data among non-responders.
  
  
  
  There were significant improvements in pre- to post-intervention self-reported quit rates (5.7% vs 16.5%, p<0.001) and cotinine-verified quit rates (4.3% vs 8.0%, p<0.05) in the intervention sites compared with no change in the control sites. Propensity-adjusted multivariable analyses showed a significant improvement in self-reported 6-month quit rates from the pre- to post-intervention time periods in the intervention sites compared to the control sites (p=0.044) and a non-statistically significant improvement in the cotinine-verified 6-month quit rate.
  
  
  
  The Tobacco Tactics intervention, which meets the Joint Commission standards for inpatient smoking, has the potential to significantly decrease smoking among inpatient smokers.
  
  
  
  This study is registered at www.clinicaltrial.gov NCT01309217.
authors.affiliation: College of Nursing, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio; Ann Arbor VA Center for Clinical Management Research, Ann Arbor, Michigan. Electronic address: duffy278@osu.edu.
authors.forename: Sonia A
authors.initials: SA
authors.lastname: Duffy
authors.affiliation: School of Nursing, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan.
authors.forename: David L
authors.initials: DL
authors.lastname: Ronis
authors.affiliation: School of Public Health, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan.
authors.forename: Carrie A
authors.initials: CA
authors.lastname: Karvonen-Gutierrez
authors.affiliation: Ann Arbor VA Center for Clinical Management Research, Ann Arbor, Michigan.
authors.forename: Lee A
authors.initials: LA
authors.lastname: Ewing
authors.affiliation: Ann Arbor VA Center for Clinical Management Research, Ann Arbor, Michigan.
authors.forename: Stephanie V
authors.initials: SV
authors.lastname: Hall
authors.affiliation: School of Nursing, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan.
authors.forename: James J
authors.initials: JJ
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.affiliation: Trinity Health, Livonia, Michigan.
authors.forename: Patricia L
authors.initials: PL
authors.lastname: Thomas
authors.affiliation: Mercy Health Saint Mary's, Grand Rapids, Michigan.
authors.forename: Christine M
authors.initials: CM
authors.lastname: Olree
authors.affiliation: Mercy Health Partners, Muskegon, Michigan.
authors.forename: Kimberly A
authors.initials: KA
authors.lastname: Maguire
authors.affiliation: Saint Joseph Mercy Health System, Ann Arbor, Michigan.
authors.forename: Lisa
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Friedman
authors.affiliation: St. Mary Mercy Hospital, Livonia, Michigan.
authors.forename: Donna
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Gray
authors.affiliation: Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois, and Hines VA Hospital, Center of Innovation for Complex Chronic Healthcare, Hines, Illinois.
authors.forename: Neil
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Jordan
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D017063:Outcome Assessment, Health Care; D020340:Tobacco Use Cessation / Q000379:methods*