title: Maternal diet during pregnancy and micronuclei frequency in peripheral blood T lymphocytes in mothers and newborns (Rhea cohort, Crete).
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The study assessed whether diet and adherence to cancer prevention guidelines during pregnancy were associated with micronucleus (MN) frequency in mothers and newborns. MN is biomarkers of early genetic effects that have been associated with cancer risk in adults.
  
  
  METHODS
  A total of 188 mothers and 200 newborns from the Rhea cohort (Greece) were included in the study. At early-mid pregnancy, we conducted personal interviews and a validated food frequency questionnaire was completed. With this information, we constructed a score reflecting adherence to the World Cancer Research Fund/American Institute for Cancer Research cancer prevention guidelines on diet, physical activity and body fatness. At delivery, maternal and/or cord blood was collected to measure DNA and hemoglobin adducts of dietary origin and frequencies of MN in binucleated and mononucleated T lymphocytes (MNBN and MNMONO).
  
  
  RESULTS
  In mothers, higher levels of red meat consumption were associated with increased MNBN frequency [2nd tertile IRR = 1.34 (1.00, 1.80), 3rd tertile IRR = 1.33 (0.96, 1.85)] and MNMONO frequency [2nd tertile IRR = 1.53 (0.84, 2.77), 3rd tertile IRR = 2.69 (1.44, 5.05)]. The opposite trend was observed for MNBN in newborns [2nd tertile IRR = 0.64 (0.44, 0.94), 3rd tertile IRR = 0.68 (0.46, 1.01)], and no association was observed with MNMONO. Increased MN frequency in pregnant women with high red meat consumption is consistent with previous knowledge.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our results also suggest exposure to genotoxics during pregnancy might affect differently mothers and newborns. The predictive value of MN as biomarker for childhood cancer, rather than adulthood, remains unclear. With few exceptions, the association between maternal carcinogenic exposures during pregnancy and childhood cancer or early biologic effect biomarkers remains poorly understood.
authors.affiliation: ISGlobal, Centre for Research in Environmental Epidemiology (CREAL), Barcelona, Spain. cristina.ocallaghan@isglobal.org.|Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF), Barcelona, Spain. cristina.ocallaghan@isglobal.org.|CIBER Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain. cristina.ocallaghan@isglobal.org.
authors.forename: Cristina
authors.identifier: http://orcid.org/0000-0002-4229-2991
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: O'Callaghan-Gordo
authors.affiliation: ISGlobal, Centre for Research in Environmental Epidemiology (CREAL), Barcelona, Spain.|Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF), Barcelona, Spain.|CIBER Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain.|IMIM (Hospital del Mar Medical Research Institute), Barcelona, Spain.
authors.forename: Manolis
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kogevinas
authors.affiliation: ISGlobal, Centre for Research in Environmental Epidemiology (CREAL), Barcelona, Spain.|Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF), Barcelona, Spain.|CIBER Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain.|National Institute of Health and Medical Research (INSERM), U823, Team of Environmental Epidemiology Applied to Reproduction and Respiratory Health, Institute Albert Bonniot, Grenoble, France.|Department of Public Health, Centre for Epidemiology and Screening CSS, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.|Diet, Genes and Environment, Danish Cancer Society Research Center, Copenhagen, Denmark.
authors.forename: Marie
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Pedersen
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Medicine, University of Crete, Heraklion, Greece.
authors.forename: Eleni
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Fthenou
authors.affiliation: ISGlobal, Centre for Research in Environmental Epidemiology (CREAL), Barcelona, Spain.|Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF), Barcelona, Spain.|CIBER Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain.|IMIM (Hospital del Mar Medical Research Institute), Barcelona, Spain.
authors.forename: Ana
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Espinosa
authors.affiliation: ISGlobal, Centre for Research in Environmental Epidemiology (CREAL), Barcelona, Spain.|Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF), Barcelona, Spain.|CIBER Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain.|Faculty of Medicine, University of Crete, Heraklion, Greece.
authors.forename: Xristina
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Tsiapa
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Medicine, University of Crete, Heraklion, Greece.
authors.forename: Georgia
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Chalkiadaki
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Medicine, University of Crete, Heraklion, Greece.
authors.forename: Vasiliki
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Daraki
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Medicine, University of Crete, Heraklion, Greece.
authors.forename: Eirini
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Dermitzaki
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Cell Genetics, Faculty of Science and Bio-engineering, Vrije Universitei Brussel, Brussels, Belgium.
authors.forename: Ilse
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Decordier
authors.affiliation: Cancer Studies and Molecular Medicine, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK.
authors.forename: Peter B
authors.initials: PB
authors.lastname: Farmer
authors.affiliation: National Hellenic Research Foundation, Institute of Biology, Medicinal Chemistry and Biotechnology, Athens, Greece.
authors.forename: Panagiotis
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Georgiadis
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Medicine, University of Crete, Heraklion, Greece.
authors.forename: Vaggelis
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Georgiou
authors.affiliation: National Hellenic Research Foundation, Institute of Biology, Medicinal Chemistry and Biotechnology, Athens, Greece.
authors.forename: Soterios A
authors.initials: SA
authors.lastname: Kyrtopoulos
authors.affiliation: Epidemiology, Biostatistics, and Clinical Trials, Istituto di Ricerca e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS) Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria (AOU) San Martino-Istituto Nazionale per la Ricerca sul Cancro (IST), Genoa, Italy.
authors.forename: Domenico Franco
authors.initials: DF
authors.lastname: Merlo
authors.affiliation: ISGlobal, Centre for Research in Environmental Epidemiology (CREAL), Barcelona, Spain.|Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF), Barcelona, Spain.|CIBER Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain.|CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición, CIBER-OBN, Madrid, Spain.
authors.forename: Dora
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Romaguera
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Medicine, University of Crete, Heraklion, Greece.
authors.forename: Theano
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Roumeliotaki
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Medicine, University of Crete, Heraklion, Greece.
authors.forename: Katerina
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Sarri
authors.affiliation: Department of Environmental Science and Analytical Chemistry, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden.
authors.forename: Margareta
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Törnqvist
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Cell Genetics, Faculty of Science and Bio-engineering, Vrije Universitei Brussel, Brussels, Belgium.
authors.forename: Kim Vande
authors.initials: KV
authors.lastname: Loock
authors.affiliation: Department of Environmental Science and Analytical Chemistry, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden.
authors.forename: Hans
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: von Stedingk
authors.affiliation: Department of Toxicogenomics, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Jos
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Kleinjans
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Cell Genetics, Faculty of Science and Bio-engineering, Vrije Universitei Brussel, Brussels, Belgium.
authors.forename: Micheline
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kirsch-Volders
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Medicine, University of Crete, Heraklion, Greece.
authors.forename: Leda
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Chatzi
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor / Q000235:genetics; D002273:Carcinogens / Q000008:administration & dosage; D004032:Diet; D004781:Environmental Exposure; D005260:Female; D005312:Fetal Blood / Q000166:cytology; D006115:Greece; D006801:Humans; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D008297:Male; D018811:Maternal Exposure; D008431:Maternal-Fetal Exchange; D048629:Micronuclei, Chromosome-Defective / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D009035:Mothers; D009369:Neoplasms / Q000235:genetics* / Q000517:prevention & control; D011247:Pregnancy; D011297:Prenatal Exposure Delayed Effects; D000069466:Red Meat / Q000009:adverse effects; D013601:T-Lymphocytes / Q000648:ultrastructure*
chemical_list: D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor; D002273:Carcinogens
keywords: Cancer; Diet; Epidemiology; Genotoxicity; Maternal nutrition