title: Trend of childhood TB case notification in Lagos, Nigeria, 2011-2014.
abstract: Childhood tuberculosis (TB) has been neglected by national TB programs in sub-Saharan Africa because of the emphasis on adult smear-positive TB cases. About 80,000 HIV children die from TB, and over 550,000 childhood TB cases occur annually, representing 6% of the global TB burden, making TB an important cause of morbidity and mortality in children. Thus, this study assessed the trend of childhood TB cases notified in Lagos, Nigeria from 2011 to 2014.
  
  
  
  Retrospective data review of childhood TB cases notified to the Lagos State TB and Leprosy Control Programme (LSTBLCP) between January 1, 2011 and December 31, 2014.
  
  
  
  A total of 2396 children were treated for all forms of TB representing 6.8% of the total 35,305 TB cases notified during the study period. This constituted 1102 (46%) males and 1294 (54%) females. There was a progressive increase in the proportion of children treated for TB from 495 (5.9%) in 2011, 539 (6.4%) in 2012, 682 (7.2%) in 2013 and 680 (7.6%) in 2014. Of the total childhood TB cases notified, 16.3-20% were new sputum pulmonary smear positive; 68.2-74.6% were new sputum pulmonary smear negative; while extra-pulmonary TB accounted for 6.7-10.6%. The case notification rate (CNR) of childhood TB per 100,000 increased from 13.4 in 2011, 14.3 in 2012, 17.7 in 2013 and 17.2 in 2014.
  
  
  
  There was an increase in the case notification rate of TB among children between 2011 and 2014. Efforts should be made to sustain this increasing trend.
authors.affiliation: Department of Community Medicine and Primary Care, Olabisi Onabanjo University Teaching Hospital, Sagamu, Ogun State, Nigeria. Electronic address: sojidaniel@yahoo.com.
authors.forename: Olusoji James
authors.initials: OJ
authors.lastname: Daniel
authors.affiliation: Department of Community Health and Primary Health Care, Lagos State University Teaching Hospital, Ikeja, Lagos, Nigeria. Electronic address: drolus_adejumo@yahoo.com.
authors.forename: Olusola Adedeji
authors.initials: OA
authors.lastname: Adejumo
authors.affiliation: Lagos State TB and Leprosy Control Programme, Lagos State Ministry of Health, Alausa, Ikeja, Lagos, Nigeria. Electronic address: haderazz05@ymail.com.
authors.forename: Husseine A
authors.initials: HA
authors.lastname: Abdur-Razzaq
authors.affiliation: Centre for Research in Reproductive Health, Sagamu, Nigeria. Electronic address: jaiyesimie@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Jaiyesimi O
authors.initials: JO
authors.lastname: Ebunoluwa
mesh_terms: D017088:AIDS-Related Opportunistic Infections / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000382:microbiology; D000293:Adolescent; D000995:Antitubercular Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D060085:Coinfection; D023801:Directly Observed Therapy / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D018563:Disease Notification / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D008297:Male; D009169:Mycobacterium tuberculosis / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D009549:Nigeria / Q000453:epidemiology; D011159:Population Surveillance; D015397:Program Evaluation; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D013183:Sputum / Q000382:microbiology; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D014397:Tuberculosis, Pulmonary / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000382:microbiology*
chemical_list: D000995:Antitubercular Agents
keywords: Case notification; Childhood; DOTS; Nigeria; Tuberculosis