title: Magnetic resonance imaging of leukoencephalopathy in amnestic workers exposed to organotin.
abstract: We report the clinical and neuroimaging findings of 4 men who worked in the production of inorganic metal tin ingot from organotin scrap who presented with similar episodes of reversible amnesia. T2-weighted-fluid-attenuated inversion recovery magnetic resonance imaging (FLAIR MRI) scans in 3 of the patients showed symmetric hyperintensity in the frontoparietal periventricular white matter and the corpus callosum, and reduced apparent diffusion coefficients (ADCs) based on diffusion weighted imaging (DWI). One patient had symmetric faint hyperintensity in the parietal periventricular white matter only in the FLAIR images. The patients had elevated urinary levels of dimethyltin (DMT) and trimethyltin (TMT), but these concentrations decreased following cessation of exposure. Triethyltin, however, was not detected in urine. We diagnosed the present cases with organotin intoxication based on 5 lines of evidence. First, all patients were workers in the same tin-processing industry, complained of similar clinical symptoms, and had similar neuroimaging results. Second, the clinical features are compatible with a diagnosis of organotin encephalopathy. Third, all 4 workers were exposed to organotin for several days, and had high urinary concentrations of DMT and TMT. Fourth, the clinical features and brain MRI results ruled out other cerebral diseases. Fifth, MRI findings support a diagnosis of organotin encephalopathy.
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, Ulsan University Hospital, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Ulsan, South Korea.
authors.forename: Eunmi
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology and Research Institute of Radiology, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Asan Medical Center, Seoul, South Korea.
authors.forename: Ji Eun
authors.initials: JE
authors.lastname: Park
authors.affiliation: Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tokyo University of Science, Noda, Japan.
authors.forename: Mayu
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Iida
authors.affiliation: Department of Environmental Health, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tokyo University of Science, Noda, Japan.
authors.forename: Tomoya
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Fujie
authors.affiliation: Department of Environmental Health, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tokyo University of Science, Noda, Japan.
authors.forename: Toshiyuki
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Kaji
authors.affiliation: Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tokyo University of Science, Noda, Japan.
authors.forename: Gaku
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Ichihara
authors.affiliation: University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Ulsan, South Korea. Electronic address: ycweon@hanmail.net.
authors.forename: Young Cheol
authors.initials: YC
authors.lastname: Weon
authors.affiliation: University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Ulsan, South Korea. Electronic address: yanghokm@nuri.net.
authors.forename: Yangho
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Kim
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000647:Amnesia / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000150:complications / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D001921:Brain / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D038524:Diffusion Magnetic Resonance Imaging / Q000379:methods*; D006801:Humans; D007091:Image Processing, Computer-Assisted; D056784:Leukoencephalopathies / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000150:complications / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D008297:Male; D016273:Occupational Exposure / Q000009:adverse effects; D009947:Organotin Compounds / Q000633:toxicity*; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D009947:Organotin Compounds
keywords: Amnesia; Exposure; Leukoencephalopathy; Organotin; White matter