title: Sodium fluoride induces apoptosis in cultured splenic lymphocytes from mice.
abstract: Though fluorine has been shown to induce apoptosis in immune organs in vivo, there has no report on fluoride-induced apoptosis in the cultured lymphocytes. Therefore, this study was conducted with objective of investigating apoptosis induced by sodium fluoride (NaF) and the mechanism behind that in the cultured splenic lymphocytes by flow cytometry, western blot and Hoechst 33258 staining. The splenic lymphocytes were isolated from 3 weeks old male ICR mice and exposed to NaF (0, 100, 200, and 400 μmol/L) in vitro for 24 and 48 h. When compared to control group, flow cytometry assay and Hoechst 33258 staining showed that NaF induced lymphocytes apoptosis, which was promoted by decrease of mitochondria transmembrane potential, up-regulation of Bax, Bak, Fas, FasL, caspase 9, caspase 8, caspase 7, caspase 6 and caspase 3 protein expression (P < 0.05 or P <0.01), and down-regulation of Bcl-2 and Bcl-xL protein expression (P <0.05 or P <0.01). The above-mentioned data suggested that NaF-induced apoptosis in splenic lymphocytes could be mediated by mitochondrial and death receptor pathways.
authors.affiliation: College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya'an, China.
authors.forename: Huidan
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Deng
authors.affiliation: College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya'an, China.
authors.forename: Ping
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Kuang
authors.affiliation: College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya'an, China.|Key Laboratory of Animal Diseases and Environmental Hazards of Sichuan Province, Ya'an, China.
authors.forename: Hengmin
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Cui
authors.affiliation: College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya'an, China.
authors.forename: Lian
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.affiliation: College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya'an, China.|Key Laboratory of Animal Diseases and Environmental Hazards of Sichuan Province, Ya'an, China.
authors.forename: Jing
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Fang
authors.affiliation: College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya'an, China.|Key Laboratory of Animal Diseases and Environmental Hazards of Sichuan Province, Ya'an, China.
authors.forename: Zhicai
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Zuo
authors.affiliation: College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya'an, China.|Key Laboratory of Animal Diseases and Environmental Hazards of Sichuan Province, Ya'an, China.
authors.forename: Junliang
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Deng
authors.affiliation: College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya'an, China.|Key Laboratory of Animal Diseases and Environmental Hazards of Sichuan Province, Ya'an, China.
authors.forename: Xun
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya'an, China.|Key Laboratory of Animal Diseases and Environmental Hazards of Sichuan Province, Ya'an, China.
authors.forename: Ling
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Zhao
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D017209:Apoptosis / Q000187:drug effects*; D051017:Apoptosis Regulatory Proteins / Q000378:metabolism*; D002470:Cell Survival / Q000187:drug effects; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D008214:Lymphocytes / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism; D008297:Male; D053078:Membrane Potential, Mitochondrial / Q000187:drug effects; D008813:Mice, Inbred ICR; D008928:Mitochondria / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species / Q000378:metabolism; D015398:Signal Transduction / Q000187:drug effects; D012969:Sodium Fluoride / Q000494:pharmacology*; D013154:Spleen / Q000166:cytology
chemical_list: D051017:Apoptosis Regulatory Proteins; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species; D012969:Sodium Fluoride
keywords: Bcl-2 family; Immune response; Immunity; Immunology and Microbiology Section; NaF; apoptosis; caspases; splenic lymphocytes