title: The integration of dilute acid hydrolysis of xylan and fast pyrolysis of glucan to obtain fermentable sugars.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Fermentable sugars are important intermediates in the biological conversion of biomass. Hemicellulose and amorphous cellulose are easily hydrolyzed to fermentable sugars in dilute acid, whereas crystalline cellulose is more difficult to be hydrolyzed. Cellulose fast pyrolysis is an alternative method to liberate valuable fermentable sugars from biomass. The amount of levoglucosan generated from lignocellulose by fast pyrolysis is usually lower than the theoretical yield based on the cellulose fraction. Pretreatment is a promising route to improve the yield of levoglucosan from lignocellulose.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The integration of dilute sulfuric acid hydrolysis and fast pyrolysis to obtain fermentable sugars was evaluated in this study. Dilute sulfuric acid hydrolysis could remove more than 95.1 and 93.4 % of xylan (the main component of hemicellulose) from sugarcane bagasse and corncob with high yield of xylose. On the other hand, dilute sulfuric acid hydrolysis was also an effective pretreatment to enhance levoglucosan yield from lignocellulose. Dilute acid hydrolysis could accumulate glucan (the component of cellulose) and remove most of the alkali and alkaline earth metals which were powerful catalysts during fast pyrolysis. Further increase in dilute acid concentration (from 0 to 2 %) in pretreatment could promote the yield of levoglucosan in fast pyrolysis. The acid pretreated sugarcane bagasse and corncob gave levoglucosan yields of 43.8 and 35.2 % which were obvious higher than those of raw sugarcane bagasse (12.0 %) and corncob (7.0 %).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Obtaining fermentable sugars by combination dilute acid hydrolysis of xylan and fast pyrolysis of glucan could make full utilization of biomass, and get fermentable sugars economically from biomass for bio-refinery.
authors.affiliation: Guangdong Key Laboratory of New and Renewable Energy Research and Development, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou Institute of Energy Conversion, Guangzhou, 510640 China.|Key Laboratory of Renewable Energy, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou Institute of Energy Conversion, Guangzhou, 510640 China.
authors.forename: Liqun
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Jiang
authors.affiliation: Guangdong Key Laboratory of New and Renewable Energy Research and Development, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou Institute of Energy Conversion, Guangzhou, 510640 China.|University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049 China.
authors.forename: Nannan
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Wu
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of Renewable Energy, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou Institute of Energy Conversion, Guangzhou, 510640 China.
authors.forename: Anqing
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Zheng
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of Renewable Energy, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou Institute of Energy Conversion, Guangzhou, 510640 China.
authors.forename: Zengli
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Zhao
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of Renewable Energy, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou Institute of Energy Conversion, Guangzhou, 510640 China.
authors.forename: Fang
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: He
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of Renewable Energy, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou Institute of Energy Conversion, Guangzhou, 510640 China.
authors.forename: Haibin
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Li
keywords: Acid hydrolysis; Fast pyrolysis; Glucan; Levoglucosan; Xylan