title: Microsurgical Resection of Cervical Spinal Cord Arteriovenous Malformations: Report of 6 Cases.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To summarize the experience in microsurgical resection of cervical spinal cord arteriovenous malformation (AVM).
  
  
  METHODS
  Six patients undergoing microsurgical resection of cervical intramedullary AVM in the Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, China, between March 2005 and March 2015 were reviewed retrospectively, and their clinical manifestations, imaging data, surgical treatment, and results of long-term follow-up were analyzed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Of the 6 patients who underwent AVM resection, 2 had compact AVMs and 4 had diffuse AVMs. All 6 patients were reexamined with spinal magnetic resonance imaging within 48 hours after surgery, and 1 patient was examined with digital subtraction angiography. The average patient age was 40.7 ± 10.4 years (range, 29-60 years). Three patients had chronic onset, of whom 2 developed sensory disturbances and 1 had muscle weakness. The other 3 patients had acute onset, including 1 with sudden quadriplegia, 1 with idiopathic severe headache and altered consciousness, and 1 with idiopathic neck pain. The average duration of follow-up was 48.5 ± 38.9 months (range, 15-119 months). One patient experienced complete recovery, and the other 5 patients showed improvement. No patient exhibited deterioration.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Microsurgical resection of cervical intramedullary AVMs has obtained satisfactory clinical results. Preoperative magnetic resonance angiography, computed tomography angiography, and digital subtraction angiography are useful for evaluating the angioarchitecture, which is key to the success of surgery. Intraoperative indocyanine green fluorescence angiography is an important aid in the surgical treatment of spinal AVMs.
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurosurgery, The Third Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.
authors.forename: Zhuo-Peng
authors.initials: ZP
authors.lastname: Ye
authors.affiliation: Department of Emergency Medicine, The Third Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.
authors.forename: Xiao-Yan
authors.initials: XY
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurosurgery, The Third Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.
authors.forename: Wen-Shen
authors.initials: WS
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurosurgery, The Third Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.
authors.forename: Bo
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Hou
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurosurgery, The Third Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China. Electronic address: publicsjwk@163.com.
authors.forename: Ying
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Guo
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D015901:Angiography, Digital Subtraction; D001165:Arteriovenous Malformations / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000601:surgery*; D000072226:Computed Tomography Angiography; D006801:Humans; D007208:Indocyanine Green / Q000378:metabolism; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging; D008866:Microsurgery / Q000379:methods*; D008875:Middle Aged; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D013116:Spinal Cord / Q000601:surgery*; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D007208:Indocyanine Green
keywords: Arteriovenous malformation; Indocyanine green fluorescence; Intramedullary; Spinal surgery