title: Influence of the Perspectives on the Movement of One-Leg Lifting in an Interactive-Visual Virtual Environment: A Pilot Study.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Numerous studies have confirmed the feasibility of active video games for clinical rehabilitation. To maximize training effectiveness, a personal program is necessary; however, little evidence is available to guide individualized game design for rehabilitation. This study assessed the perspectives and kinematic and temporal parameters of a participant's postural control in an interactive-visual virtual environment.
  
  
  METHODS
  Twenty-four healthy participants performed one-leg standing by leg lifting when a posture frame appeared either in a first- or third-person perspective of a virtual environment. A foot force plate was used to detect the displacement of the center of pressure. A three-way mixed factor design was applied, where the perspective was the between-participant factor, and the leg-lifting times (0.7 and 2.7 seconds) and leg-lifting angles (30°and 90°) were the within-participant factors. The reaction time, accuracy of the movement, and ability to shift weight were the dependent variables.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Regarding the reaction time and accuracy of the movement, there were no significant main effects of the perspective, leg-lifting time, or angle. For the ability to shift weight, however, both the perspective and time exerted significant main effects, F(1,22) = 6.429 and F(1,22) = 13.978, respectively.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Participants could shift their weight more effectively in the third-person perspective of the virtual environment. The results can serve as a reference for future designs of interactive-visual virtual environment as applied to rehabilitation.
authors.affiliation: Department of Industrial Engineering & Management, Yuan Ze University, Chung-Li, Taiwan.|Feng Yuan Hospital, Ministry of Health and Welfare, Taichung City, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Chien-Hua
authors.initials: CH
authors.lastname: Huang
authors.affiliation: Department of Geronic Technology and Service Management, Nan Kai University of Technology, Nantou County, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Chun
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Pei
authors.affiliation: Department of Industrial Engineering & Management, Yuan Ze University, Chung-Li, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Tien-Lung
authors.initials: TL
authors.lastname: Sun
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001696:Biomechanical Phenomena / Q000502:physiology; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007866:Leg / Q000502:physiology*; D017770:Lifting; D008297:Male; D009068:Movement / Q000502:physiology*; D010865:Pilot Projects; D004856:Postural Balance / Q000502:physiology*; D011930:Reaction Time / Q000502:physiology; D014584:User-Computer Interface; D055815:Young Adult