title: Reverse Size Dependences of the Cellular Uptake of Triangular and Spherical Gold Nanoparticles.
abstract: Gold nanoparticles (GNPs) show promise as both drug and imaging carriers with applications in both diagnosis and therapy. For the safe and effective use of such gold nanomaterials in the biomedical field, it is crucial to understand how the size and shape of the nanomaterials affect their biological features, such as in vitro cellular uptake speed and accumulation as well as cytotoxicity. Herein, we focus on triangular gold nanoparticles (TNPs) of four different sizes (side length 46, 55, 72, and 94 nm; thickness 30 nm) and compare the cellular internalization efficiency with those of spherical nanoparticles (SNPs) of various diameters (22, 39, and 66 nm). Both surfaces were coated with anionic thiol ligands. Inductively coupled plasma-emission spectrometry (ICP-ES) data demonstrated that TNPs with longer sides showed higher levels of uptake into RAW264.7 and HeLa cells. On the other hand, in the case of SNPs, those with smaller diameters showed higher levels of uptake in both cells. Our results support the notion of a reverse size dependence of TNPs and SNPs in terms of cellular uptake. For HeLa cells, in particular, 20-fold more efficient internalization was observed for TNPs with longer sides (72 nm side length) compared to SNPs (66 nm) with a similar surface area. These results highlight the importance of the shape of nanomaterials on their interactions with cells and provide a useful guideline for the use of TNPs.
authors.affiliation: Graduate School of Chemical Sciences and Engineering, Hokkaido University , Kita 13, Nishi 8, Kita-Ku, Sapporo 060-8628, Japan.
authors.forename: Katsuyuki
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Nambara
authors.affiliation: Research Institute for Electronic Science (RIES), Hokkaido University , Kita 21, Nishi 10, Kita-Ku, Sapporo 001-0021, Japan.
authors.forename: Kenichi
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Niikura
authors.affiliation: Research Institute for Electronic Science (RIES), Hokkaido University , Kita 21, Nishi 10, Kita-Ku, Sapporo 001-0021, Japan.
authors.forename: Hideyuki
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Mitomo
authors.affiliation: School of Medicine, Sapporo Medical University , Sapporo 060-8556, Japan.
authors.forename: Takafumi
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Ninomiya
authors.affiliation: Research Institute for Electronic Science (RIES), Hokkaido University , Kita 21, Nishi 10, Kita-Ku, Sapporo 001-0021, Japan.
authors.forename: Chie
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Takeuchi
authors.affiliation: Graduate School of Chemical Sciences and Engineering, Hokkaido University , Kita 13, Nishi 8, Kita-Ku, Sapporo 060-8628, Japan.
authors.forename: Jinjian
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Wei
authors.affiliation: Research Institute for Electronic Science (RIES), Hokkaido University , Kita 21, Nishi 10, Kita-Ku, Sapporo 001-0021, Japan.
authors.forename: Yasutaka
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Matsuo
authors.affiliation: Research Institute for Electronic Science (RIES), Hokkaido University , Kita 21, Nishi 10, Kita-Ku, Sapporo 001-0021, Japan.
authors.forename: Kuniharu
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Ijiro
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000838:Anions; D001692:Biological Transport; D006046:Gold / Q000737:chemistry*; D006367:HeLa Cells; D006801:Humans; D008024:Ligands; D053768:Metal Nanoparticles / Q000737:chemistry*; D051379:Mice; D046529:Microscopy, Electron, Transmission; D010316:Particle Size; D000067996:RAW 264.7 Cells
chemical_list: D000838:Anions; D008024:Ligands; D006046:Gold