title: Cognitive Behaviour Therapy for Anxiety and Depression among People Undergoing Haemodialysis: A Randomized Control Trial.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD) is becoming a major public health problem worldwide. The very diagnosis of CKD brings a plethora of psychological problems that adds to the agony of the debilitating illness. Financial difficulties apart from the excruciating physical burden of the disease, owing to series of psychosocial issues. Anxiety and depression are two major concerns that to be managed effectively to sustain the life of people undergoing Haemodialysis.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  The study aimed at finding the effect of Cognitive Behaviour Therapy (CBT) on anxiety and depression among people undergoing haemodialysis.
  
  
  METHODS
  An experimental approach with Randomized controlled trial design was adopted for the study. The instruments used for data collection were Background Proforma and Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS). A total of 150 subjects undergoing haemodialysis in a tertiary care hospital of South Karnataka were screened for inclusion and exclusion criteria and 80 participants were recruited for the study. Through computerized block randomization 40 each were allotted to experimental and control groups whereas 33 and 34 respectively in both the groups completed the study. CBT, a structured individual therapy of cognitive, behavioural and didactic techniques, with 10 weekly sessions each was administered to the experimental group. Non-directed counseling, a psychological intervention with ten weekly sessions of individual counseling was given to the control group.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The findings of the study revealed that there was a significant reduction of mean anxiety (F=76.739, p=0.001) and depression (F=57.326, p= 0.001) in the experimental group when compared with the control group.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Researchers concluded that CBT can be effectively utilized for people undergoing haemodialysis in order to obtain control over their negative thoughts thereby reducing anxiety and depression.
authors.affiliation: Associate Professor, Department of Psychiatric/Mental Health Nursing, Manipal College of Nursing, Manipal University , Karnataka, India .
authors.forename: Blessy Prabha
authors.initials: BP
authors.lastname: Valsaraj
authors.affiliation: Professor, Department of Psychiatry, Kasturba Medical College, Manipal University , Manipal, Karnataka, India .
authors.forename: Shripathy M
authors.initials: SM
authors.lastname: Bhat
authors.affiliation: Associate Professor (Retired), Department of Psychiatric Social Work, Kasturba Medical College, Manipal University , Manipal, Karnataka, India .
authors.forename: K S
authors.initials: KS
authors.lastname: Latha
keywords: Burden of disease; Chronic Kidney disease; Effectiveness; Outcome of haemodialysis; Psycho social problems