title: Virulence Gene Profile and Multilocus Variable-Number Tandem-Repeat Analysis (MLVA) of Enteroinvasive Escherichia coli (EIEC) Isolates From Patients With Diarrhea in Kerman, Iran.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Enteroinvasive Escherichia coli (EIEC) isolates cause dysentery in humans. Several virulence factors associated with EIEC pathogenesis have been characterized. Multilocus variable-number tandem-repeat analysis (MLVA) is a PCR-based method that has been used for genotyping bacterial pathogens.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  The aim of this study was to investigate the distribution of virulence factor genes in EIEC isolates from patients with diarrhea in Kerman, Iran, as well as the genetic relationships between these isolates.
  
  
  METHODS
  A total of 620 diarrheic stool samples were collected from patients attending two hospitals in Kerman from June 2013 to August 2014. All isolates were confirmed as EIEC by PCR for the ipaH gene. The EIEC isolates were evaluated by PCR for the presence of nine virulence genes (ial, set1A, sen, virF, invE, sat, sigA, pic, and sepA). MLVA was performed for all EIEC isolates.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A total of 11 EIEC isolates were identified, and all were positive for the ial gene. The invE and virF genes were observed in 81.8% of the isolates, while sen, sigA, and pic were detected in 72.7%, 63.6%, and 27.3% of the isolates, respectively. None of the isolates were positive for the sat, set, and sepA genes. Using MLVA, the 11 total isolates were divided into five types.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  By studying the profiles of virulence genes and MLVA, it can be concluded that EIEC isolates do not have high heterogeneity and are derived from a limited number of clones.
authors.affiliation: Department of Microbiology and Virology, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, IR Iran.
authors.forename: Hossein
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Hosseini Nave
authors.affiliation: Department of Microbiology and Virology, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, IR Iran.
authors.forename: Shahla
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Mansouri
authors.affiliation: Department of Microbiology and Virology, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, IR Iran.
authors.forename: Majid
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Taati Moghadam
authors.affiliation: Department of Microbiology and Virology, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, IR Iran.
authors.forename: Mohammad
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Moradi
keywords: Diarrhea; EIEC; MLVA; Virulence Factors