title: Athletes' Expectations About Sport-Injury Rehabilitation: A Cross-Cultural Study.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Athletes enter injury rehabilitation with certain expectations about the recovery process, outcomes, and the professional providing treatment. Their expectations influence the effectiveness of the assistance received and affect the overall rehabilitation process. Expectations may vary depending on numerous factors such as sport experience, gender, sport type, and cultural background. Unfortunately, limited information is available on athletes' expectations about sport-injury rehabilitation.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To examine possible differences in athletes' expectations about sport-injury rehabilitation based on their country of residence and type of sport (contact vs noncontact).
  
  
  METHODS
  Cross-sectional.
  
  
  METHODS
  Recreational, college, and professional athletes from the US, UK, and Finland were surveyed.
  
  
  METHODS
  Of the 1209 athletes ranging from 12 to 80 y of age (mean 23.46 ± 7.91), 529 US [80%], 253 UK [86%], and 199 Finnish [82%] athletes provided details of their geographical location and were included in the final analyses.
  
  
  METHODS
  The Expectations About Athletic Training (EAAT) questionnaire was used to determine athletes' expectations about personal commitment, facilitative conditions, and the expertise of the sports-medicine professional (SMP).
  
  
  RESULTS
  A 3 × 2 MANCOVA revealed significant main effects for country (P = .0001, ηp2= .055) and sport type (P = .0001, ηp2= .023). Specifically, US athletes were found to have higher expectations of personal commitment and facilitative conditions than their UK and Finnish counterparts. Athletes participating in contact sports had higher expectations of facilitative conditions and the expertise of the SMP than did athletes participating in noncontact sports.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  SMPs, especially those in the US, should consider the sport and environment when providing services. In addition, SMPs need to highlight and demonstrate their expertise during the rehabilitation process, especially for those who compete in contact sports.
authors.forename: Monna
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Arvinen-Barrow
authors.forename: Damien
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Clement
authors.forename: Jennifer Jordan
authors.initials: JJ
authors.lastname: Hamson-Utley
authors.forename: Cindra
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Kamphoff
authors.forename: Rebecca
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Zakrajsek
authors.forename: Sae-Mi
authors.initials: SM
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: Brian
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Hemmings
authors.forename: Taru
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Lintunen
authors.forename: Scott B
authors.initials: SB
authors.lastname: Martin
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D056352:Athletes / Q000523:psychology*; D001265:Athletic Injuries / Q000523:psychology* / Q000534:rehabilitation*; D001294:Attitude to Health; D002648:Child; D003431:Cross-Cultural Comparison; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D005260:Female; D005387:Finland; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D057566:Self Report; D006113:United Kingdom; D014481:United States; D055815:Young Adult
keywords: athlete-practitioner interactions; cultural issues; expectations; sports-medicine professionals