title: Maternal dietary supplementation with omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids confers neuroprotection to the newborn against hypoxia-induced dopamine dysfunction.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Up to 84% of prematurely born infants suffer hypoxic, anoxic, and ischemic insults. Those infants with subsequent behavioral, motor or cognitive dysfunction represent 8-11% of all live births. Yet, no interventions employed during pregnancy attenuate risk of morbidity in those at-risk infants. Dietary supplementation with omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (ω-3 PUFAs) has been shown to reduce stroke-induced neuropathology in rat models emulating this adverse clinical event. To extend those studies we sought to determine whether maternal dietary supplementation with ω-3 PUFAs would confer neuroprotection against hypoxia-induced neurochemical dysfunction in newborn rat pups exposed to repetitive hypoxic insults.
  
  
  METHODS
  We provided pregnant rats with either a ω-3 PUFA enriched diet or else a standard rat chow diet. At postnatal day 7, pups were assigned randomly to either repetitive hypoxic insults or repetitive bursts of room air. On postnatal day 12, pups were sacrificed and brain dopamine levels characterized.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Baseline brain dopamine levels did not differ between rat pups born to dams who received ω-3 PUFA enriched versus standard rat chow diets. Rat pups born to dams maintained on normal diets, who were exposed to five days of repetitive hypoxic insults, experienced a 57% reduction in striatal dopamine levels accompanied by significant apoptosis. In contrast, ω-3 PUFA-enriched newborn pups experienced no loss in striatal dopamine levels, and only minimal apoptosis.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our findings suggest that it may be feasible to confer neuroprotection against hypoxia-induced dopamine dysfunction to newborns likely to experience hypoxic insults. This could significantly improve the outcomes of those 8-11% of newborns who would otherwise experience hypoxia-induced behavioral, motor and cognitive dysfunction.
authors.affiliation: Case Western Reserve University, School of Nursing, 10900 Euclid Avenue, Cleveland, OH 44106, United States.
authors.forename: Michael J
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Decker
authors.affiliation: University of California, Neuropathology, Department of Pathology, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, San Diego, CA 92093, United States.
authors.forename: Karra
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Jones
authors.affiliation: Emory University, School of Medicine, Department of Neurology, Woodruff Memorial Research Building, 101 Woodruff Circle NE (Clifton RD NE), Atlanta, GA 30322, United States.
authors.forename: Glenda L
authors.initials: GL
authors.lastname: Keating
authors.affiliation: Case Western Reserve University, School of Nursing, 10900 Euclid Avenue, Cleveland, OH 44106, United States.
authors.forename: Elizabeth G
authors.initials: EG
authors.lastname: Damato
authors.affiliation: Case Western Reserve University, School of Nursing, 10900 Euclid Avenue, Cleveland, OH 44106, United States.
authors.forename: Rebecca
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Darrah
keywords: Dopamine; Fatty acids; Hypoxia; Neuroprotection; Perinatal