title: Sensorimotor Intervention Recovers Noradrenaline Content in the Dentate Gyrus of Cortical Injured Rats.
abstract: Nowadays, a consensus has been reached that designates the functional and structural reorganization of synapses as the primary mechanisms underlying the process of recovery from brain injury. We have reported that pontine noradrenaline (NA) is increased in animals after cortical ablation (CA). The aim of the present study was to explore the noradrenergic and morphological response after sensorimotor intervention (SMI) in rats injured in the motor cortex. We used male Wistar adult rats allocated in four conditions: sham-operated, injured by cortical ablation, sham-operated with SMI and injured by cortical ablation with SMI. Motor and somatosensory performance was evaluated prior to and 20 days after surgery. During the intervening period, a 15-session, SMI program was implemented. Subsequently, total NA analysis in the pons and dentate gyrus (DG) was performed. All groups underwent histological analysis. Our results showed that NA content in the DG was reduced in the injured group versus control, and this reduction was reverted in the injured group that underwent SMI. Moreover, injured rats showed reduction in the number of granule cells in the DG and decreased dentate granule cell layer thickness. Notably, after SMI, the loss of granule cells was reverted. Locus coeruleus showed turgid cells in the injured rats. These results suggest that SMI elicits biochemical and structural modifications in the hippocampus that could reorganize the system and lead the recovery process, modulating structural and functional plasticity.
authors.affiliation: Laboratorio de Neuroplasticidad-División de Neurociencias, Torre de Investigación, Instituto Nacional de Rehabilitacion, Calz. Mexico-Xochimilco 289 Col. Arenal de Guadalupe, Deleg. Tlalpan, C.P. 14389, Mexico City, Mexico.
authors.forename: Laura E
authors.initials: LE
authors.lastname: Ramos-Languren
authors.affiliation: Laboratorio de Neuroplasticidad-División de Neurociencias, Torre de Investigación, Instituto Nacional de Rehabilitacion, Calz. Mexico-Xochimilco 289 Col. Arenal de Guadalupe, Deleg. Tlalpan, C.P. 14389, Mexico City, Mexico.
authors.forename: Gabriela
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: García-Díaz
authors.affiliation: Instituto Nacional de Pediatría, SSA. Av. Imán 1 Col. Insurgentes Cuicuilco, Coyoacán, C.P. 04530, Mexico City, Mexico.
authors.forename: Angélica
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: González-Maciel
authors.affiliation: Instituto Nacional de Pediatría, SSA. Av. Imán 1 Col. Insurgentes Cuicuilco, Coyoacán, C.P. 04530, Mexico City, Mexico.
authors.forename: Laura E
authors.initials: LE
authors.lastname: Rosas-López
authors.affiliation: Laboratorio de Neuroplasticidad-División de Neurociencias, Torre de Investigación, Instituto Nacional de Rehabilitacion, Calz. Mexico-Xochimilco 289 Col. Arenal de Guadalupe, Deleg. Tlalpan, C.P. 14389, Mexico City, Mexico.
authors.forename: Antonio
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Bueno-Nava
authors.affiliation: Laboratorio de Neuroplasticidad-División de Neurociencias, Torre de Investigación, Instituto Nacional de Rehabilitacion, Calz. Mexico-Xochimilco 289 Col. Arenal de Guadalupe, Deleg. Tlalpan, C.P. 14389, Mexico City, Mexico.
authors.forename: Alberto
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Avila-Luna
authors.affiliation: Laboratorio de Neuroplasticidad-División de Neurociencias, Torre de Investigación, Instituto Nacional de Rehabilitacion, Calz. Mexico-Xochimilco 289 Col. Arenal de Guadalupe, Deleg. Tlalpan, C.P. 14389, Mexico City, Mexico.|Universidad de las Américas AC, Puebla 23 Col. Roma, Deleg. Cuauhtemoc, C.P. 06700, Mexico City, Mexico.
authors.forename: Hayde
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Ramírez-Anguiano
authors.affiliation: Laboratorio de Neuroplasticidad-División de Neurociencias, Torre de Investigación, Instituto Nacional de Rehabilitacion, Calz. Mexico-Xochimilco 289 Col. Arenal de Guadalupe, Deleg. Tlalpan, C.P. 14389, Mexico City, Mexico. higgo@prodigy.net.mx.|Universidad de las Américas AC, Puebla 23 Col. Roma, Deleg. Cuauhtemoc, C.P. 06700, Mexico City, Mexico. higgo@prodigy.net.mx.
authors.forename: Rigoberto
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: González-Piña
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001930:Brain Injuries / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000523:psychology; D018891:Dentate Gyrus / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology; D008297:Male; D009043:Motor Activity; D009044:Motor Cortex / Q000503:physiopathology*; D009068:Movement; D009638:Norepinephrine / Q000378:metabolism*; D011434:Proprioception; D017208:Rats, Wistar
chemical_list: D009638:Norepinephrine
keywords: Brain plasticity; Diaschisis; Hippocampus; Pons; Rehabilitation