title: Bacterial Larvicide, Bacillus thuringiensis israelensis Strain AM 65-52 Water Dispersible Granule Formulation Impacts Both Dengue Vector, Aedes aegypti (L.) Population Density and Disease Transmission in Cambodia.
abstract: A multi-phased study was conducted in Cambodia from 2005-2011 to measure the impact of larviciding with the bacterial larvicide, Bacillus thuringiensis israelensis (Bti), a water dispersible granule (WG) formulation on the vector, Aedes aegypti (L.) and the epidemiology. In our studies, all in-use containers were treated at 8 g/1000 L, including smaller containers and animal feeders which were found to contribute 23% of Ae aegypti pupae. The treated waters were subjected to routine water exchange activities. Pupal production was suppressed by an average 91% for 8 weeks. Pupal numbers continued to remain significantly lower than the untreated commune (UTC) for 13 weeks post treatment in the peak dengue vector season (p<0.05). Suppression of pupal production was supported by very low adult numbers in the treated commune. An average 70% of the household harbored 0-5 Ae aegypti mosquitoes per home for 8 weeks post treatment, but in the same period of time >50% of the household in the UTC harbored ≥11 mosquitoes per home. The adult population continued to remain at significantly much lower numbers in the Bti treated commune than in the UTC for 10-12 weeks post treatment (p<0.05). In 2011, a pilot operational program was evaluated in Kandal Province, a temephos resistant site. It was concluded that 2 cycles of Bti treatment in the 6 months monsoon season with complete coverage of the target districts achieved an overall dengue case reduction of 48% in the 6 treated districts compared to the previous year, 2010. Five untreated districts in the same province had an overwhelming increase of 352% of dengue cases during the same period of time. The larvicide efficacy, treatment of all in-use containers at the start of the monsoon season, together with treatment coverage of entire districts interrupted disease transmission in the temephos resistant province.
authors.affiliation: National Center for Parasitology, Entomology and Malaria Control, Ministry of Health, Phnom Penh, Cambodia.
authors.forename: To
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Setha
authors.affiliation: National Center for Parasitology, Entomology and Malaria Control, Ministry of Health, Phnom Penh, Cambodia.
authors.forename: Ngan
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Chantha
authors.affiliation: Public Health, Valent BioSciences Corporation, Kuala Lumpur. Malaysia.
authors.forename: Seleena
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Benjamin
authors.affiliation: National Center for Parasitology, Entomology and Malaria Control, Ministry of Health, Phnom Penh, Cambodia.
authors.forename: Doung
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Socheat
mesh_terms: D000330:Aedes / Q000254:growth & development*; D000818:Animals; D001413:Bacillus thuringiensis / Q000502:physiology*; D002160:Cambodia; D003715:Dengue / Q000517:prevention & control*; D004351:Drug Resistance; D017753:Ecosystem; D005191:Family Characteristics; D006801:Humans; D007303:Insect Vectors; D007306:Insecticides; D009032:Mosquito Control / Q000379:methods*; D011156:Population Density; D011679:Pupa / Q000254:growth & development; D012621:Seasons; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D000002:Temefos; D014871:Water Microbiology
chemical_list: D007306:Insecticides; D000002:Temefos