title: Well-Being and Self-Assessment of Change: Secondary Analysis of an RCT That Demonstrated Benefit of Inhaled Lavender and Sleep Hygiene in College Students with Sleep Problems.
abstract: Sleep issues are prevalent and affect health and well-being. The aspects of well-being that are impacted by sleep interventions have not been well studied.
  
  
  
  To investigate the impact of lavender and sleep hygiene (LSH) compared to sleep hygiene (SH) alone on well-being as measured by the Self-assessment of Change questionnaire (SAC) at post-intervention and two-week follow-up, and secondarily to compare the SAC sleep item to results from standardized sleep surveys.
  
  
  
  Secondary analysis of a randomized controlled trial (RCT) where one group received a lavender inhalation patch and practiced sleep hygiene (LSH) and the other group received a placebo inhalation patch and practiced sleep hygiene (SH) for five consecutive nights.
  
  
  
  Usual sleep setting.
  
  
  
  Seventy-nine college students with self-reported sleep issues.
  
  
  
  The SAC was completed at post-intervention and follow-up.
  
  
  
  Exploratory analysis showed significantly improved well-being for the LSH group at post-intervention for well-being domains of sleep, energy, and vibrancy (P = .01, .03, and .05, respectively) and an overall trend of improved well-being in comparison to the SH group at post-intervention and follow-up. The SAC sleep item showed a similar pattern of change to the standardized sleep surveys with a statistically significant improvement in sleep for the LSH group at follow-up (P = .02).
  
  
  
  Findings demonstrate the positive impact of the lavender intervention on three domains of self-assessed well-being are energy, vibrancy, and sleep. SAC results extend and complement prior findings of improved sleep quality.
authors.affiliation: School of Nursing, University of Minnesota, 308 SE Harvard St, Minneapolis, MN 55455. Electronic address: alillehei@comcast.net.
authors.forename: Angela Smith
authors.initials: AS
authors.lastname: Lillehei
authors.affiliation: School of Nursing, University of Minnesota, 308 SE Harvard St, Minneapolis, MN 55455.
authors.forename: Linda
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Halcón
authors.affiliation: School of Nursing, University of Minnesota, 308 SE Harvard St, Minneapolis, MN 55455.
authors.forename: Cynthia R
authors.initials: CR
authors.lastname: Gross
authors.affiliation: School of Nursing, University of Minnesota, 308 SE Harvard St, Minneapolis, MN 55455.
authors.forename: Kay
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Savik
authors.affiliation: School of Nursing, University of Minnesota, 308 SE Harvard St, Minneapolis, MN 55455.
authors.forename: Reilly
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Reis
mesh_terms: D000280:Administration, Inhalation; D019341:Aromatherapy / Q000379:methods*; D059026:Diagnostic Self Evaluation; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D027523:Lavandula; D008297:Male; D008603:Mental Health; D016032:Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic; D000070263:Sleep Hygiene; D007319:Sleep Initiation and Maintenance Disorders / Q000523:psychology / Q000628:therapy*; D013334:Students; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D014495:Universities; D055815:Young Adult
keywords: SAC; aromatherapy; inhaled lavender; self-assessment of change; sleep quality; well-being