title: The Cerebrovascular-Chronic Kidney Disease Connection: Perspectives and Mechanisms.
abstract: Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is an independent risk factor for the development of cerebrovascular disease, particularly small vessel disease which can manifest in a variety of phenotypes ranging from lacunes to microbleeds. Small vessel disease likely contributes to cognitive dysfunction in the CKD population. Non-traditional risk factors for vascular injury in uremia include loss of calcification inhibitors, hyperphosphatemia, increased blood pressure variability, elastinolysis, platelet dysfunction, and chronic inflammation. In this review, we discuss the putative pathways by which these mechanisms may promote cerebrovascular disease and thus increase risk of future stroke in CKD patients.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine, Division of Nephrology, University of California, Irvine, CA, USA.
authors.forename: Wei Ling
authors.initials: WL
authors.lastname: Lau
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, University of California, San Diego, CA, USA.
authors.forename: Branko N
authors.initials: BN
authors.lastname: Huisa
authors.affiliation: Departments of Neurology, Anatomy & Neurobiology, and Pathology & Laboratory Medicine, University of California, Irvine, CA, USA. mfisher@uci.edu.|Department of Neurology, UC Irvine Medical Center, 101 The City Drive South, Shanbrom Hall, Room 121, Orange, CA, 92868, USA. mfisher@uci.edu.
authors.forename: Mark
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Fisher
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001794:Blood Pressure; D001812:Blood-Brain Barrier / Q000503:physiopathology; D001921:Brain / Q000098:blood supply / Q000503:physiopathology*; D002561:Cerebrovascular Disorders / Q000209:etiology / Q000503:physiopathology*; D006801:Humans; D051436:Renal Insufficiency, Chronic / Q000150:complications / Q000503:physiopathology*; D012307:Risk Factors
keywords: Arterial medial calcification; Arteriolosclerosis; Blood-brain barrier; Cerebrovascular disease; Chronic kidney disease; Hypertension; Microalbuminemia