title: Prefrontal connections express individual differences in intrinsic resistance to trading off honesty values against economic benefits.
abstract: Individuals differ profoundly when they decide whether to tell the truth or to be dishonest, particularly in situations where moral motives clash with economic motives, i.e., when truthfulness comes at a monetary cost. These differences should be expressed in the decision network, particularly in prefrontal cortex. However, the interactions between the core players of the decision network during honesty-related decisions involving trade-offs with economic costs remain poorly understood. To investigate brain connectivity patterns associated with individual differences in responding to economic costs of truthfulness, we used functional magnetic resonance imaging and measured brain activations, while participants made decisions concerning honesty. We found that in participants who valued honesty highly, dorsolateral and dorsomedial parts of prefrontal cortex were more tightly coupled with the inferior frontal cortex when economic costs were high compared to when they were low. Finer-grained analysis revealed that information flow from the inferior frontal cortex to the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex and bidirectional information flow between the inferior frontal cortex and dorsomedial prefrontal cortex was associated with a reduced tendency to trade off honesty for economic benefits. Our findings provide a novel account of the neural circuitry that underlies honest decisions in the face of economic temptations.
authors.affiliation: Laboratory for Social and Neural Systems Research, Department of Economics, University of Zurich, Blümlisalpstrasse 10, 8006 Zurich, Switzerland.
authors.forename: Azade
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Dogan
authors.affiliation: Division of Systems Neuroscience of Psychopathology, University Hospital of Psychiatry, University of Bern, Bolligenstrasse 111, 3000 Bern, Switzerland.|Japan Science and Technology Agency, PRESTO, 4-1-8 Honcho Kawaguchi, Saitama 332-0012, Japan.
authors.forename: Yosuke
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Morishima
authors.affiliation: Department of Experimental Psychology, University of Oxford, 9 South Parks RoadOxford OX1 3UD, England.
authors.forename: Felix
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Heise
authors.affiliation: Swiss Finance Institute, University of Zurich, Walchestrasse 98006 Zurich, Switzerland.|Leadership Excellence Institute Zeppelin, Zeppelin University, Am Seemooser Horn 20, 88045 Friedrichshafen, Germany.
authors.forename: Carmen
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Tanner
authors.affiliation: Swiss Finance Institute, University of Geneva, 42 Bd du Pont d'Arve1211 Geneva 4, Switzerland.
authors.forename: Rajna
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Gibson
authors.affiliation: Swiss Finance Institute, University of Zurich, Walchestrasse 98006 Zurich, Switzerland.
authors.forename: Alexander F
authors.initials: AF
authors.lastname: Wagner
authors.affiliation: Laboratory for Social and Neural Systems Research, Department of Economics, University of Zurich, Blümlisalpstrasse 10, 8006 Zurich, Switzerland.
authors.forename: Philippe N
authors.initials: PN
authors.lastname: Tobler
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D002755:Choice Behavior; D008192:Deception; D003657:Decision Making; D004467:Economics; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging; D008297:Male; D009014:Morals; D017397:Prefrontal Cortex / Q000502:physiology*; D014342:Truth Disclosure; D055815:Young Adult