title: Physicochemistry and cardiovascular toxicity of metal fume PM2.5: a study of human coronary artery endothelial cells and welding workers.
abstract: Occupational exposure to welding fumes causes a higher incidence of cardiovascular disease; however, the association remains unclear. To clarify the possible association, exposure assessment of metal fumes with an aerodynamic diameter of <2.5 μm (PM2.5) in welding and office areas was characterized in a shipyard in Taiwan. Cardiovascular toxicity caused by PM2.5 was determined in workers (in both the welding and office areas). Significant amounts of bimodal metal fume particles with count median diameters (CMDs) of 14.1~15.1 and 126.3~135.8 nm were produced in the shipyard. Metal fume PM2.5 resulted in decreased cell viability and increased levels of 8-hydroxy-2'-deoxyguanosine (8-OHdG), interleukin (IL)-6, and nitric oxide (NO) in human coronary artery epithelial cells (HCAECs). We recruited 118 welding workers and 45 office workers for a personal PM2.5 exposure assessment and determination of urinary levels of 8-OHdG, 8-iso-prostaglandin F2α (8-iso-PGF2α), and various metals. We observed that a 10-μg/m(3) increase in the mean PM2.5 concentration was associated with a 2.15% increase in 8-OHdG and an 8.43% increase in 8-iso-PGF2α in welding workers. Both 8-OHdG and 8-iso-PGF2α were associated with Fe and Zn in the urine. In conclusion, metal fume PM2.5 could increase the risk of cardiovascular toxicity after inhalation.
authors.affiliation: Department of Occupational Safety and Health, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan.|Department of Occupational Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Chane-Yu
authors.initials: CY
authors.lastname: Lai
authors.affiliation: School of Public Health, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Ching-Huang
authors.initials: CH
authors.lastname: Lai
authors.affiliation: School of Respiratory Therapy, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan.|Division of Pulmonary Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Shuang Ho Hospital, Taipei Medical University, New Taipei City, Taiwan.|Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Hsiao-Chi
authors.initials: HC
authors.lastname: Chuang
authors.affiliation: Department of Occupational Safety and Health, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan.|Institute of Labor, Occupational Safety and Health, Ministry of Labor, New Taipei City, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Chih-Hong
authors.initials: CH
authors.lastname: Pan
authors.affiliation: Department of Occupational Safety and Health, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Cheng-Chieh
authors.initials: CC
authors.lastname: Yen
authors.affiliation: Center of Environmental and Occupational Medicine, Kaohsiung Municipal Hsiaokang Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Wen-Yi
authors.initials: WY
authors.lastname: Lin
authors.affiliation: Institute of Biomedical Engineering &Nanomedicine, National Health Research Institutes, Miaoli, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Jen-Kun
authors.initials: JK
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.affiliation: Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Cardiology, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Lian-Yu
authors.initials: LY
authors.lastname: Lin
authors.affiliation: School of Public Health, College of Public Health and Nutrition, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan.|Department of Public Health, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Kai-Jen
authors.initials: KJ
authors.lastname: Chuang
mesh_terms: D000080242:8-Hydroxy-2'-Deoxyguanosine; D066126:Cardiotoxicity / Q000473:pathology* / Q000652:urine; D002470:Cell Survival / Q000187:drug effects; D003331:Coronary Vessels / Q000473:pathology*; D003849:Deoxyguanosine / Q000031:analogs & derivatives / Q000378:metabolism / Q000652:urine; D015237:Dinoprost / Q000031:analogs & derivatives / Q000652:urine; D042783:Endothelial Cells / Q000187:drug effects / Q000473:pathology*; D004784:Environmental Monitoring; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D019570:Inhalation Exposure / Q000032:analysis*; D015850:Interleukin-6 / Q000378:metabolism; D008297:Male; D008670:Metals / Q000633:toxicity* / Q000652:urine; D008875:Middle Aged; D009569:Nitric Oxide / Q000096:biosynthesis; D016273:Occupational Exposure / Q000032:analysis; D010316:Particle Size; D052638:Particulate Matter / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000633:toxicity*; D013052:Spectrometry, X-Ray Emission; D014896:Welding
chemical_list: D015850:Interleukin-6; D008670:Metals; D052638:Particulate Matter; C075750:8-epi-prostaglandin F2alpha; D009569:Nitric Oxide; D000080242:8-Hydroxy-2'-Deoxyguanosine; D015237:Dinoprost; D003849:Deoxyguanosine