title: The gut-kidney axis in chronic renal failure: A new potential target for therapy.
abstract: Evidence is accumulating to consider the gut microbiome as a central player in the gut-kidney axis. Microbiome products, such as advanced glycation end products, phenols, and indoles, are absorbed into the circulation but are cleared by normal-functioning kidneys. These products then become toxic and contribute to the uremic load and to the progression of chronic kidney failure. In this review, we discuss the gut-kidney interaction under the state of chronic kidney failure as well as the potential mechanisms by which a change in the gut flora (termed gut dysbiosis) in chronic kidney disease (CKD) exacerbates uremia and leads to further progression of CKD and inflammation. Finally, the potential therapeutic interventions to target the gut microbiome in CKD are discussed.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine, Gastroenterology and Liver Units, Jerusalem, Israel.
authors.forename: Tawfik
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Khoury
authors.affiliation: Department of Nephrology, Hebrew University-Hadassah Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel.
authors.forename: Keren
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Tzukert
authors.affiliation: Department of Nephrology, Hebrew University-Hadassah Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel.
authors.forename: Roy
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Abel
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine, Gastroenterology and Liver Units, Jerusalem, Israel.
authors.forename: Ayman
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Abu Rmeileh
authors.affiliation: Department of Nephrology, Hebrew University-Hadassah Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel.
authors.forename: Ronen
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Levi
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine, Gastroenterology and Liver Units, Jerusalem, Israel.
authors.forename: Yaron
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Ilan
mesh_terms: D018450:Disease Progression; D041981:Gastrointestinal Tract / Q000473:pathology*; D006801:Humans; D007668:Kidney / Q000473:pathology*; D007676:Kidney Failure, Chronic / Q000503:physiopathology* / Q000628:therapy
keywords: Gut microbiome; bacterial translocation; chronic renal failure