title: First report of Cheiloneurus exitiosus (Perkins, 1906) and Helegonatopus dimorphus (Hoffer, 1954) (Hymenoptera: Encyrtidae) from Japan, with remarks on their abundance in rice paddies.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Encyrtid secondary parasitoids of Delphacidae have not been recorded in Japan. However, they may play an important role in the rice ecosystem because they can reduce the number of Dryinidae, the natural enemies of rice planthoppers.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  We found two encyrtid species, Cheiloneurus exitiosus (Perkins, 1906) and Helegonatopus dimorphus (Hoffer, 1954), from rice paddies and the surrounding environment. Haplogonatopus oratorius (Westwood, 1833) and Anteon sp. were newly recognized as hosts of He. dimorphus. Parasitism of C. exitiosus was rare, but He. dimorphus was common in Kumamoto Prefecture. The sex ratio (male proportion) and clutch size of He. dimorphus was estimated as 0.19 and 4.95, respectively.
authors.affiliation: Entomological Laboratory, Faculty of Agriculture, Kyushu University, Hakozaki, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka, 812-8581, Japan.
authors.forename: Toshiharu
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Mita
authors.affiliation: Saitama Museum of Natural History, Nagatoro, Nagatoro-machi, Saitama, 369-1305, Japan.
authors.forename: Hironobu
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Handa
authors.affiliation: Citrus Promotion Center, Agricultural Technology Department, Yamaguchi Prefectural Agriculture & Forestry General Technology Center, Higashi-Agenosho, Suo-Oshima cho, Yamaguchi, 742-2805, Japan.
authors.forename: Yoshimitsu
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Higashiura
authors.affiliation: Institute of Entomology, Agicultural University of Georgia, David Agmashenebeli Alley, 0159, Georgia.
authors.forename: George
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Japoshvili
keywords: Distribution; Haplogonatopus oratorius; Laodelphax striatellus; host record; parasitoid wasp