title: Applied Nanotechnology and Nanoscience in Orthopedic Oncology.
abstract: Nanomedicine is based on the fact that biological molecules behave similarly to nanomolecules, which have a size of less than 100 nm, and is now affecting most areas of orthopedics. In orthopedic oncology, most of the in vitro and in vivo studies have used osteosarcoma or Ewing sarcoma cell lineages. In this article, tumor imaging and treatment nanotechnology applications, including nanostructure delivery of chemotherapeutic agents, gene therapy, and the role of nano-selenium-coated implants, are outlined. Finally, the potential role of nanotechnology in addressing the challenges of drug and radiotherapy resistance is discussed. [Orthopedics. 2016; 39(5):280-286.].
authors.forename: Olga D
authors.initials: OD
authors.lastname: Savvidou
authors.forename: Ioanna K
authors.initials: IK
authors.lastname: Bolia
authors.forename: George D
authors.initials: GD
authors.lastname: Chloros
authors.forename: Stavros D
authors.initials: SD
authors.lastname: Goumenos
authors.forename: Vasileios I
authors.initials: VI
authors.lastname: Sakellariou
authors.forename: Evanthia C
authors.initials: EC
authors.lastname: Galanis
authors.forename: Panayiotis J
authors.initials: PJ
authors.lastname: Papagelopoulos
mesh_terms: D000970:Antineoplastic Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use; D001859:Bone Neoplasms / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000628:therapy*; D003131:Combined Modality Therapy; D015316:Genetic Therapy / Q000379:methods; D006801:Humans; D050997:Nanomedicine / Q000379:methods*; D019637:Orthopedic Procedures / Q000379:methods*; D012516:Osteosarcoma / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000628:therapy*
chemical_list: D000970:Antineoplastic Agents