title: From ecological records to big data: the invention of global biodiversity.
abstract: This paper is a critical assessment of the epistemological impact of the systematic quantification of nature with the accumulation of big datasets on the practice and orientation of ecological science. We examine the contents of big databases and argue that it is not just accumulated information; records are translated into digital data in a process that changes their meanings. In order to better understand what is at stake in the 'datafication' process, we explore the context for the emergence and quantification of biodiversity in the 1980s, along with the concept of the global environment. In tracing the origin and development of the global biodiversity information facility (GBIF) we describe big data biodiversity projects as a techno-political construction dedicated to monitoring a new object: the global diversity. We argue that, biodiversity big data became a powerful driver behind the invention of the concept of the global environment, and a way to embed ecological science in the political agenda.
authors.affiliation: CETCOPRA (Centre d'Etudes des Techniques, des Connaissances et des Pratiques), Université Paris 1 Panthèon Sorbonne, Paris, France. vincent.devictor@univ-montp2.fr.|Institut des Sciences de l'Evolution, Université Montpellier, CNRS, IRD, Place Eugène Bataillon, 34095, Montpellier, France. vincent.devictor@univ-montp2.fr.
authors.forename: Vincent
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Devictor
authors.affiliation: CETCOPRA (Centre d'Etudes des Techniques, des Connaissances et des Pratiques), Université Paris 1 Panthèon Sorbonne, Paris, France.
authors.forename: Bernadette
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Bensaude-Vincent
mesh_terms: D044822:Biodiversity; D003247:Conservation of Natural Resources / Q000266:history*; D003625:Data Collection; D016208:Databases, Factual / Q000266:history*; D004463:Ecology / Q000266:history*; D049673:History, 20th Century; D049674:History, 21st Century
keywords: Big data; Biodiversity; Ecology; Foucault; Politics