title: Robot-assisted laparoscopic gastrectomy with D2 dissection for adenocarcinoma: initial experience with 17 patients.
abstract: Robot-assisted gastrectomy has been practised so far in very few centres in the world. The aims of this study were to assess the feasibility of robot-assisted gastrectomy for adenocarcinoma with D2 lymph nodal dissection and to analyze our preliminary results. Between January 2006 and August 2008, as many as 17 patients (11 females, 6 males) underwent laparoscopic robot-assisted surgery for non-metastatic adenocarcinoma of the stomach by a 3-armed da Vinci(®) Robotic Surgical System. The mean age of patients was 65.9 years. This series included eight patients with early gastric cancer (EGC) and nine with advanced gastric cancer (AGC). A 4/5 laparoscopic subtotal gastrectomy (LSG) with D2 nodal clearance was the procedure of choice for 16 distal cancers. Laparoscopic total gastrectomy (LTG) with D2 lymphadenectomy was performed for one AGC of the middle third of the stomach. No intraoperative complication was registered. Conversion to laparotomy was required in two patients with distal cancer. The mean operating time (excluding converted patients) was 352 min (348 for LSG). Morbidity consisted in one pancreatic leak that healed conservatively. One death occurred postoperatively for haemorragic stroke. On average, 25.5 ± 4 lymph nodes were collected (range 10-40). The resection margin was 6.4 ± 0.6 cm (range 4.2-8), and the margin was tumour free in all the specimens. The mean hospital stay of totally laparoscopic subtotal gastrectomy was 10 ± 1.2 days (range 8-13). The mean follow-up was 14 months (range 1-29) and three patients with AGC showed recurrence after LSG and died of disease. Robotics in gastrectomy for cancer is a feasible and safe procedure, yielding adequate D2 nodal clearance with respect of oncologic principles. Robotic techniques can represent a remarkable tool to improve laparoscopic surgeon's ability and precision in small surgical fields, i.e. during D2 dissection. This study demonstrated the feasibility of robot-assisted gastrectomy for cancer although further studies are required to validate our preliminary results, especially as far as patients' benefits are concerned.
authors.affiliation: Department of General Surgery and Videolaparoscopy, Niguarda Ca' Granda Hospital, Piazza Ospedale Maggiore 3, 20162, Milan, Italy. chirurgiaurgenza@ospedaleniguarda.it.
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Pugliese
authors.affiliation: Department of General Surgery and Videolaparoscopy, Niguarda Ca' Granda Hospital, Piazza Ospedale Maggiore 3, 20162, Milan, Italy.
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Maggioni
authors.affiliation: Department of General Surgery and Videolaparoscopy, Niguarda Ca' Granda Hospital, Piazza Ospedale Maggiore 3, 20162, Milan, Italy.
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Sansonna
authors.affiliation: Department of General Surgery and Videolaparoscopy, Niguarda Ca' Granda Hospital, Piazza Ospedale Maggiore 3, 20162, Milan, Italy.
authors.forename: G C
authors.initials: GC
authors.lastname: Ferrari
authors.affiliation: Department of General Surgery and Videolaparoscopy, Niguarda Ca' Granda Hospital, Piazza Ospedale Maggiore 3, 20162, Milan, Italy.
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Di Lernia
authors.affiliation: Department of General Surgery and Videolaparoscopy, Niguarda Ca' Granda Hospital, Piazza Ospedale Maggiore 3, 20162, Milan, Italy.
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Magistro
authors.affiliation: Department of General Surgery and Videolaparoscopy, Niguarda Ca' Granda Hospital, Piazza Ospedale Maggiore 3, 20162, Milan, Italy.
authors.forename: I
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Pauna
authors.affiliation: Department of General Surgery and Videolaparoscopy, Niguarda Ca' Granda Hospital, Piazza Ospedale Maggiore 3, 20162, Milan, Italy.
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Forgione
authors.affiliation: Department of General Surgery and Videolaparoscopy, Niguarda Ca' Granda Hospital, Piazza Ospedale Maggiore 3, 20162, Milan, Italy.
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Costanzi
authors.affiliation: Department of General Surgery and Videolaparoscopy, Niguarda Ca' Granda Hospital, Piazza Ospedale Maggiore 3, 20162, Milan, Italy.
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Brambilla
authors.affiliation: Service of Gastroenterology and Digestive Surgery, Niguarda Ca' Granda Hospital, Milan, Italy.
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Pugliese
keywords: Da Vinci; Gastrectomy; Gastric cancer; Lymphadenectomy; Robot-assisted surgery; Robotics