title: Cord Blood Adipokines and Lipids and Adolescent Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease.
abstract: Maternal adiposity in pregnancy is associated with offspring adiposity and metabolic dysfunction postnatally, including greater risk of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). Recent genetic analyses suggest a causal effect of greater maternal body mass index on offspring birth weight and ponderal index, but the relative roles of the environment in utero or later in life remains unclear.
  
  
  
  We sought to determine whether markers of infant adiposity (birth weight, umbilical cord blood leptin, adiponectin, and lipids) were associated with markers of NAFLD in adolescence.
  
  
  
  This was a UK prospective birth cohort with 17 years of follow-up with liver function tests (aspartate aminotransferase, alanine aminotransferase, gamma-glutamyltransferase) (n = 1037 participants), and ultrasound scan assessed liver fat, volume, and sheer velocity at age 17 (n = 541 participants). Missing covariate data were imputed.
  
  
  
  Ultrasound and biochemical measures of NAFLD were measured.
  
  
  
  Birth weight, cord blood leptin, and adiponectin were not associated with a diagnosis of NAFLD. In adjusted analyses, 2 of 42 associations attained conventional 5% levels of significance. Birth weight was positively associated with liver volume (1.0% greater per 100 g [95% confidence interval 0.5%-2.0%]). Cord high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol was positively associated with alanine aminotransferase (11.6% higher per 1 mmol/L [95% confidence interval 0.3, 23.4]); however, this association was primarily mediated via offspring adiposity.
  
  
  
  In this extensive analysis, we found little evidence measurements of infant fat mass and birth size were related to adolescent markers of NAFLD. The association between birth weight and adolescent liver volume may indicate the contribution of greater organ size to birth weight and tracking of organ size.
authors.affiliation: School of Medicine (J.S., S.M.N.), University of Glasgow, Glasgow G31 2ER, United Kingdom; Medical Research Council Integrative Epidemiology Unit (A.D.S., A.F., D.A.L.), School of Social and Community Medicine (A.D.S., A.F., D.A.L.), University of Bristol, Bristol BS13NY United Kingdom; Institute of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Medicine (N.S., R.S.L.), British Heart Foundation Glasgow Cardiovascular Research Centre, Glasgow G61 1QH, United Kingdom; and University Hospitals Bristol National Health Service Foundation Trust (M.C.), Bristol BS1 3NY, United Kingdom.
authors.forename: Joy
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Simpson
authors.affiliation: School of Medicine (J.S., S.M.N.), University of Glasgow, Glasgow G31 2ER, United Kingdom; Medical Research Council Integrative Epidemiology Unit (A.D.S., A.F., D.A.L.), School of Social and Community Medicine (A.D.S., A.F., D.A.L.), University of Bristol, Bristol BS13NY United Kingdom; Institute of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Medicine (N.S., R.S.L.), British Heart Foundation Glasgow Cardiovascular Research Centre, Glasgow G61 1QH, United Kingdom; and University Hospitals Bristol National Health Service Foundation Trust (M.C.), Bristol BS1 3NY, United Kingdom.
authors.forename: Andrew D
authors.initials: AD
authors.lastname: Smith
authors.affiliation: School of Medicine (J.S., S.M.N.), University of Glasgow, Glasgow G31 2ER, United Kingdom; Medical Research Council Integrative Epidemiology Unit (A.D.S., A.F., D.A.L.), School of Social and Community Medicine (A.D.S., A.F., D.A.L.), University of Bristol, Bristol BS13NY United Kingdom; Institute of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Medicine (N.S., R.S.L.), British Heart Foundation Glasgow Cardiovascular Research Centre, Glasgow G61 1QH, United Kingdom; and University Hospitals Bristol National Health Service Foundation Trust (M.C.), Bristol BS1 3NY, United Kingdom.
authors.forename: Abigail
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Fraser
authors.affiliation: School of Medicine (J.S., S.M.N.), University of Glasgow, Glasgow G31 2ER, United Kingdom; Medical Research Council Integrative Epidemiology Unit (A.D.S., A.F., D.A.L.), School of Social and Community Medicine (A.D.S., A.F., D.A.L.), University of Bristol, Bristol BS13NY United Kingdom; Institute of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Medicine (N.S., R.S.L.), British Heart Foundation Glasgow Cardiovascular Research Centre, Glasgow G61 1QH, United Kingdom; and University Hospitals Bristol National Health Service Foundation Trust (M.C.), Bristol BS1 3NY, United Kingdom.
authors.forename: Naveed
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Sattar
authors.affiliation: School of Medicine (J.S., S.M.N.), University of Glasgow, Glasgow G31 2ER, United Kingdom; Medical Research Council Integrative Epidemiology Unit (A.D.S., A.F., D.A.L.), School of Social and Community Medicine (A.D.S., A.F., D.A.L.), University of Bristol, Bristol BS13NY United Kingdom; Institute of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Medicine (N.S., R.S.L.), British Heart Foundation Glasgow Cardiovascular Research Centre, Glasgow G61 1QH, United Kingdom; and University Hospitals Bristol National Health Service Foundation Trust (M.C.), Bristol BS1 3NY, United Kingdom.
authors.forename: Mark
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Callaway
authors.affiliation: School of Medicine (J.S., S.M.N.), University of Glasgow, Glasgow G31 2ER, United Kingdom; Medical Research Council Integrative Epidemiology Unit (A.D.S., A.F., D.A.L.), School of Social and Community Medicine (A.D.S., A.F., D.A.L.), University of Bristol, Bristol BS13NY United Kingdom; Institute of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Medicine (N.S., R.S.L.), British Heart Foundation Glasgow Cardiovascular Research Centre, Glasgow G61 1QH, United Kingdom; and University Hospitals Bristol National Health Service Foundation Trust (M.C.), Bristol BS1 3NY, United Kingdom.
authors.forename: Robert S
authors.initials: RS
authors.lastname: Lindsay
authors.affiliation: School of Medicine (J.S., S.M.N.), University of Glasgow, Glasgow G31 2ER, United Kingdom; Medical Research Council Integrative Epidemiology Unit (A.D.S., A.F., D.A.L.), School of Social and Community Medicine (A.D.S., A.F., D.A.L.), University of Bristol, Bristol BS13NY United Kingdom; Institute of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Medicine (N.S., R.S.L.), British Heart Foundation Glasgow Cardiovascular Research Centre, Glasgow G61 1QH, United Kingdom; and University Hospitals Bristol National Health Service Foundation Trust (M.C.), Bristol BS1 3NY, United Kingdom.
authors.forename: Debbie A
authors.initials: DA
authors.lastname: Lawlor
authors.affiliation: School of Medicine (J.S., S.M.N.), University of Glasgow, Glasgow G31 2ER, United Kingdom; Medical Research Council Integrative Epidemiology Unit (A.D.S., A.F., D.A.L.), School of Social and Community Medicine (A.D.S., A.F., D.A.L.), University of Bristol, Bristol BS13NY United Kingdom; Institute of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Medicine (N.S., R.S.L.), British Heart Foundation Glasgow Cardiovascular Research Centre, Glasgow G61 1QH, United Kingdom; and University Hospitals Bristol National Health Service Foundation Trust (M.C.), Bristol BS1 3NY, United Kingdom.
authors.forename: Scott M
authors.initials: SM
authors.lastname: Nelson
mesh_terms: D054392:Adipokines / Q000378:metabolism*; D050154:Adiposity; D000293:Adolescent; D000410:Alanine Transaminase / Q000378:metabolism*; D001724:Birth Weight; D008076:Cholesterol, HDL / Q000378:metabolism*; D005260:Female; D005312:Fetal Blood / Q000378:metabolism*; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D008297:Male; D065626:Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000378:metabolism; D011247:Pregnancy
chemical_list: D054392:Adipokines; D008076:Cholesterol, HDL; D000410:Alanine Transaminase