title: Noninvasive Testing for Mucosal Inflammation in Inflammatory Bowel Disease.
abstract: Biomarkers have gained increasing attention for the diagnosis and follow-up of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). Endoscopy remains the gold standard for assessing disease activity. Biomarkers are rapid, inexpensive, and noninvasive, and can be used in different stages of the disease with high sensitivity and specificity. Calprotectin and tests for C-reactive protein are used to assess the disease activity, predict relapse, and monitor treatment response. New noninvasive tests are being studied. This review discusses current evidence for these surrogate markers, their potential clinical applications, and limitations in disease management. We highlight recent advances in IBD biomarkers and future uses.
authors.affiliation: Gastroenterology Department, Department of Digestive Disease, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBERehd), La Fe University and Polytechnic Hospital, Av. Fernando Abril Martorell, 106, Valencia 46026, Spain.
authors.forename: Marisa
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Iborra
authors.affiliation: Gastroenterology Department, Department of Digestive Disease, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBERehd), La Fe University and Polytechnic Hospital, Av. Fernando Abril Martorell, 106, Valencia 46026, Spain.
authors.forename: Belén
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Beltrán
authors.affiliation: Gastroenterology Department, Department of Digestive Disease, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBERehd), La Fe University and Polytechnic Hospital, Av. Fernando Abril Martorell, 106, Valencia 46026, Spain. Electronic address: pilarnos@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Pilar
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Nos
mesh_terms: D019268:Antibodies, Antineutrophil Cytoplasmic / Q000097:blood; D000907:Antibodies, Bacterial / Q000097:blood; D000908:Antibodies, Fungal / Q000097:blood; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000032:analysis; D002097:C-Reactive Protein / Q000032:analysis; D004751:Enteritis; D005243:Feces / Q000737:chemistry*; D006801:Humans; D015212:Inflammatory Bowel Diseases / Q000097:blood / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000473:pathology; D007413:Intestinal Mucosa / Q000473:pathology; D039841:Leukocyte L1 Antigen Complex / Q000032:analysis; D052016:Mucositis / Q000097:blood / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000473:pathology; D011237:Predictive Value of Tests; D012008:Recurrence; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D012698:Serologic Tests / Q000379:methods*
chemical_list: D019268:Antibodies, Antineutrophil Cytoplasmic; D000907:Antibodies, Bacterial; D000908:Antibodies, Fungal; D015415:Biomarkers; D039841:Leukocyte L1 Antigen Complex; D002097:C-Reactive Protein
keywords: Biomarker; C-reactive protein; Crohn's disease; Fecal calprotectin; Inflammatory bowel disease; Ulcerative colitis