title: Resistance-based interval exercise acutely improves endothelial function in type 2 diabetes.
abstract: Different modes of exercise, disease, and training status can modify endothelial shear stress and result in distinct effects on endothelial function. To date, no study has examined the influence of type 2 diabetes (T2D) and training status on the acute endothelial response to different modes of interval exercise (INT). We examined the effect of a single session of resistance- and cardio-based INT compared with a time-matched control on endothelial function in 12 age-matched T2D participants, 12 untrained, and 11 trained adults (aged 56 ± 7 yr). Flow-mediated dilation (%FMD) of the brachial artery was assessed at baseline and immediately, 1, and 2 h after an acute bout of cardio interval (C-INT), resistance interval (R-INT), and seated control (CTL); these interventions were randomized and separated by >2 days. C-INT involved seven 1-min cycling intervals at 85% of peak power with 1-min recovery between. R-INT involved the same pattern of seven 1-min intervals using leg resistance exercises. Endothelial function (%FMD) was improved after R-INT in all groups (Condition × Time interaction, P < 0.01), an effect that was most robust in T2D where %FMD was higher immediately (+4.0 ± 2.8%), 1 h (+2.5 ± 2.5%), and 2 h (+1.9 ± 1.9%) after R-INT compared with CTL (P < 0.01 for all). C-INT improved %FMD in T2D at 1-h postexercise (+1.6 ± 2.2%, P = 0.03) compared with CTL. In conclusion, R-INT acutely improves endothelial function throughout the 2-h postexercise period in T2D patients. The long-term impact of resistance exercise performed in an interval pattern is warranted.
authors.affiliation: School of Health and Exercise Sciences, University of British Columbia Okanagan, Kelowna, British Columbia, Canada; and.
authors.forename: Monique E
authors.initials: ME
authors.lastname: Francois
authors.affiliation: School of Health and Exercise Sciences, University of British Columbia Okanagan, Kelowna, British Columbia, Canada; and.
authors.forename: Cody
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Durrer
authors.affiliation: Kelowna General Hospital, Kelowna Cardiology Associates, Kelowna, British Columbia.
authors.forename: Kevin J
authors.initials: KJ
authors.lastname: Pistawka
authors.affiliation: Kelowna General Hospital, Kelowna Cardiology Associates, Kelowna, British Columbia.
authors.forename: Frank A
authors.initials: FA
authors.lastname: Halperin
authors.affiliation: School of Health and Exercise Sciences, University of British Columbia Okanagan, Kelowna, British Columbia, Canada; and jonathan.little@ubc.ca.
authors.forename: Jonathan P
authors.initials: JP
authors.lastname: Little
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D001794:Blood Pressure / Q000502:physiology; D001916:Brachial Artery / Q000503:physiopathology*; D000072599:Cardiorespiratory Fitness; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D018592:Cross-Over Studies; D003924:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000534:rehabilitation*; D004730:Endothelium, Vascular / Q000503:physiopathology*; D005260:Female; D000072696:High-Intensity Interval Training / Q000379:methods*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010101:Oxygen Consumption; D055070:Resistance Training / Q000379:methods*; D033081:Shear Strength; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D014664:Vasodilation / Q000502:physiology*
keywords: HIIT; blood flow; blood pressure; flow-mediated dilation; high-intensity interval exercise; high-intensity interval training; strength training; vascular function