title: Treatment Contact Coverage for Probable Depressive and Probable Alcohol Use Disorders in Four Low- and Middle-Income Country Districts: The PRIME Cross-Sectional Community Surveys.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  A robust evidence base is now emerging that indicates that treatment for depression and alcohol use disorders (AUD) delivered in low and middle-income countries (LMIC) can be effective. However, the coverage of services for these conditions in most LMIC settings remains unknown.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To describe the methods of a repeat cross-sectional survey to determine changes in treatment contact coverage for probable depression and for probable AUD in four LMIC districts, and to present the baseline findings regarding treatment contact coverage.
  
  
  METHODS
  Population-based cross-sectional surveys with structured questionnaires, which included validated screening tools to identify probable cases. We defined contact coverage as being the proportion of cases who sought professional help in the past 12 months.
  
  
  METHODS
  Sodo District, Ethiopia; Sehore District, India; Chitwan District, Nepal; and Kamuli District, Uganda.
  
  
  METHODS
  8036 adults residing in these districts between May 2013 and May 2014.
  
  
  METHODS
  Treatment contact coverage was defined as having sought care from a specialist, generalist, or other health care provider for symptoms related to depression or AUD.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The proportion of adults who screened positive for depression over the past 12 months ranged from 11.2% in Nepal to 29.7% in India and treatment contact coverage over the past 12 months ranged between 8.1% in Nepal to 23.5% in India. In Ethiopia, lifetime contact coverage for probable depression was 23.7%. The proportion of adults who screened positive for AUD over the past 12 months ranged from 1.7% in Uganda to 13.9% in Ethiopia and treatment contact coverage over the past 12 months ranged from 2.8% in India to 5.1% in Nepal. In Ethiopia, lifetime contact coverage for probable AUD was 13.1%.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our findings are consistent with and contribute to the limited evidence base which indicates low treatment contact coverage for depression and for AUD in LMIC. The planned follow up surveys will be used to estimate the change in contact coverage coinciding with the implementation of district-level mental health care plans.
authors.affiliation: Centre for Global Mental Health, Department of Population Health, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom.
authors.forename: Sujit D
authors.identifier: http://orcid.org/0000-0001-8783-7724
authors.initials: SD
authors.lastname: Rathod
authors.affiliation: Centre for Global Mental Health, Department of Population Health, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom.
authors.forename: Mary J
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: De Silva
authors.affiliation: Butabika National Referral and Teaching Hospital, Makerere University, Kampala, Uganda.
authors.forename: Joshua
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Ssebunnya
authors.affiliation: Alan J. Flisher Centre for Public Mental Health, Department of Psychiatry and Mental Health, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa.
authors.forename: Erica
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Breuer
authors.affiliation: Sangath, Bhopal, India.
authors.forename: Vaibhav
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Murhar
authors.affiliation: Transcultural Psychosocial Organization (TPO) Nepal, Kathmandu, Nepal.
authors.forename: Nagendra P
authors.initials: NP
authors.lastname: Luitel
authors.affiliation: Aklilu Lemma Institute of Pathobiology, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.
authors.forename: Girmay
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Medhin
authors.affiliation: Butabika National Referral and Teaching Hospital, Makerere University, Kampala, Uganda.
authors.forename: Fred
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Kigozi
authors.affiliation: Centre for Mental Health, Public Health Foundation of India, New Delhi, India.|CAPHRI School for Public Health and Primary Care, Maastricht University, Maastricht, Netherlands.
authors.forename: Rahul
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Shidhaye
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry, College of Health Sciences, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.|Centre for Affective Disorders and the Affective Disorders Research Group, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, United Kingdom.
authors.forename: Abebaw
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Fekadu
authors.affiliation: Research and Development Department, HealthNet TPO-Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands.|Centre for Global Mental Health, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, United Kingdom.
authors.forename: Mark
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Jordans
authors.affiliation: Centre for Global Mental Health, Department of Population Health, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom.|Sangath, Bhopal, India.|Centre for Mental Health, Public Health Foundation of India, New Delhi, India.
authors.forename: Vikram
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Patel
authors.affiliation: Alan J. Flisher Centre for Public Mental Health, Department of Psychiatry and Mental Health, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa.|Alan J. Flisher Centre for Public Mental Health, Department of Psychology, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch, South Africa.
authors.forename: Mark
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Tomlinson
authors.affiliation: Alan J. Flisher Centre for Public Mental Health, Department of Psychiatry and Mental Health, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa.|Centre for Global Mental Health, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, United Kingdom.
authors.forename: Crick
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Lund
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D019973:Alcohol-Related Disorders / Q000628:therapy*; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D003863:Depression / Q000628:therapy*; D005002:Ethiopia; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007194:India; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009390:Nepal; D013019:South Africa; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D014454:Uganda