title: Concise Review: Liver Regenerative Medicine: From Hepatocyte Transplantation to Bioartificial Livers and Bioengineered Grafts.
abstract: Donor organ shortage is the main limitation to liver transplantation as a treatment for end-stage liver disease and acute liver failure. Liver regenerative medicine may in the future offer an alternative form of therapy for these diseases, be it through cell transplantation, bioartificial liver (BAL) devices, or bioengineered whole organ liver transplantation. All three strategies have shown promising results in the past decade. However, before they are incorporated into widespread clinical practice, the ideal cell type for each treatment modality must be found, and an adequate amount of metabolically active, functional cells must be able to be produced. Research is ongoing in hepatocyte expansion techniques, use of xenogeneic cells, and differentiation of stem cell-derived hepatocyte-like cells (HLCs). HLCs are a few steps away from clinical application, but may be very useful in individualized drug development and toxicity testing, as well as disease modeling. Finally, safety concerns including tumorigenicity and xenozoonosis must also be addressed before cell transplantation, BAL devices, and bioengineered livers occupy their clinical niche. This review aims to highlight the most recent advances and provide an updated view of the current state of affairs in the field of liver regenerative medicine. Stem Cells 2017;35:42-50.
authors.affiliation: William J Von Liebig Transplant Center, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA.|Department of Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA.
authors.forename: Clara T
authors.initials: CT
authors.lastname: Nicolas
authors.affiliation: Department of Molecular Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA.|Department of Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA.
authors.forename: Raymond D
authors.initials: RD
authors.lastname: Hickey
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA.
authors.forename: Harvey S
authors.initials: HS
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA.
authors.forename: Shennen A
authors.initials: SA
authors.lastname: Mao
authors.affiliation: Department of Physiology and Biomedical Engineering, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, Minnesota, USA.
authors.forename: Manuela
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Lopera Higuita
authors.affiliation: William J Von Liebig Transplant Center, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA.
authors.forename: Yujia
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: William J Von Liebig Transplant Center, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA.|Department of Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA.
authors.forename: Scott L
authors.initials: SL
authors.lastname: Nyberg
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D057005:Bioengineering / Q000379:methods*; D022781:Hepatocytes / Q000166:cytology / Q000637:transplantation*; D006801:Humans; D008115:Liver Regeneration / Q000502:physiology*; D019164:Liver, Artificial; D044968:Regenerative Medicine / Q000379:methods*; D013234:Stem Cells / Q000166:cytology / Q000378:metabolism
keywords: Bioartificial liver; Cell therapy; Cell transplantation; Liver regeneration; Tissue engineering