title: Amplification and protein overexpression of cyclin D1: Predictor of occult nodal metastasis in early oral cancer.
abstract: Accurate nodal staging is pivotal for treatment planning in early (stage I-II) oral cancer. Unfortunately, current imaging modalities lack sensitivity to detect occult nodal metastases. Chromosomal region 11q13, including genes CCND1, Fas-associated death domain (FADD), and CTTN, is often amplified in oral cancer with nodal metastases. However, evidence in predicting occult nodal metastases is limited.
  
  
  
  In 158 patients with early tongue and floor of mouth (FOM) squamous cell carcinomas, both CCND1 amplification and cyclin D1, FADD, and cortactin protein expression were correlated with occult nodal metastases.
  
  
  
  CCND1 amplification and cyclin D1 expression correlated with occult nodal metastases. Cyclin D1 expression was validated in an independent multicenter cohort, confirming the correlation with occult nodal metastases in early FOM cancers.
  
  
  
  Cyclin D1 is a predictive biomarker for occult nodal metastases in early FOM cancers. Prospective research on biopsy material should confirm these results before implementing its use in routine clinical practice. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Head Neck 39: 326-333, 2017.
authors.affiliation: Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Rob
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Noorlag
authors.affiliation: Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands.|Department of Pathology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Koos
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Boeve
authors.affiliation: Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Max J H
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Witjes
authors.affiliation: Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Ronald
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Koole
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Ton L M
authors.initials: TL
authors.lastname: Peeters
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Ed
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Schuuring
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Stefan M
authors.initials: SM
authors.lastname: Willems
authors.affiliation: Department of Head and Neck Surgical Oncology, University Medical Center Utrecht Cancer Center, Utrecht, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Robert J J
authors.initials: RJ
authors.lastname: van Es
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D001707:Biopsy, Needle; D002294:Carcinoma, Squamous Cell / Q000235:genetics / Q000473:pathology*; D051356:Cortactin / Q000235:genetics; D019938:Cyclin D1 / Q000235:genetics*; D016208:Databases, Factual; D042241:Early Diagnosis; D053200:Fas-Associated Death Domain Protein / Q000235:genetics; D005260:Female; D005784:Gene Amplification; D015972:Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic; D006801:Humans; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D017404:In Situ Hybridization, Fluorescence; D008207:Lymphatic Metastasis / Q000235:genetics; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009060:Mouth Floor / Q000473:pathology; D009062:Mouth Neoplasms / Q000235:genetics* / Q000473:pathology*; D009426:Netherlands; D015588:Observer Variation; D011237:Predictive Value of Tests; D011379:Prognosis; D012372:ROC Curve; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D014062:Tongue Neoplasms / Q000235:genetics / Q000473:pathology
chemical_list: C530104:CCND1 protein, human; D051356:Cortactin; C505533:FADD protein, human; D053200:Fas-Associated Death Domain Protein; D019938:Cyclin D1
keywords: CCND1; biomarker; cyclin D1; early oral cancer; occult nodal metastasis