title: Recovery of urinary continence after radical prostatectomy.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  In the era of minimally-invasive surgery, urinary incontinence (UI) after radical prostatectomy (RP) still represents a troublesome issue for a considerable rate of patients. Factors associated with the risk of post-RP UI, need to be carefully assessed throughout the overall clinical management process thus including the pre-operative, intra-operative and post-operative setting.
  
  
  METHODS
  This review analyses current published evidences regarding clinical and surgical aspects associated with urinary continence (UC) recovery after RP. A careful evaluation of patient's clinical characteristics should be carried out before surgery in order to properly counsel the patients regarding the risk of UI. In the last two decades, the advent of robotic surgery has led to an overall improvement of functional outcomes after RP, thanks to the development of different surgical strategies based on either the 'preservation' or the 'reconstruction' of the anatomical elements responsible for urinary continence. Finally, several therapeutic strategies including either a conservative approach, or pharmacological and surgical treatments, should be carefully considered for the post-operative management of UI. Expert commentary: A comprehensive pre-operative patient's clinical assessment, along with a proper and well-conducted surgical procedure and an effective post-operative care management are essential element to achieve a high probability of UC recovery.
authors.affiliation: a Università Vita-Salute San Raffaele , Milan , Italy.|b Division of Experimental Oncology/Unit of Urology, URI , IRCCS Ospedale San Raffaele , Milan , Italy.|c Department of Urology , L'Institut Mutualiste Montsouris , Paris , France.
authors.forename: Paolo
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Capogrosso
authors.affiliation: c Department of Urology , L'Institut Mutualiste Montsouris , Paris , France.
authors.forename: Rafael
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Sanchez-Salas
authors.affiliation: a Università Vita-Salute San Raffaele , Milan , Italy.|b Division of Experimental Oncology/Unit of Urology, URI , IRCCS Ospedale San Raffaele , Milan , Italy.
authors.forename: Andrea
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Salonia
authors.affiliation: c Department of Urology , L'Institut Mutualiste Montsouris , Paris , France.
authors.forename: Nathalie
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Cathala
authors.affiliation: c Department of Urology , L'Institut Mutualiste Montsouris , Paris , France.
authors.forename: Annick
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Mombet
authors.affiliation: c Department of Urology , L'Institut Mutualiste Montsouris , Paris , France.
authors.forename: Arjun
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Sivaraman
authors.affiliation: c Department of Urology , L'Institut Mutualiste Montsouris , Paris , France.
authors.forename: Eric
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Barret
authors.affiliation: a Università Vita-Salute San Raffaele , Milan , Italy.|b Division of Experimental Oncology/Unit of Urology, URI , IRCCS Ospedale San Raffaele , Milan , Italy.
authors.forename: Francesco
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Montorsi
authors.affiliation: c Department of Urology , L'Institut Mutualiste Montsouris , Paris , France.
authors.forename: Xavier
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Cathelineau
mesh_terms: D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D019060:Minimally Invasive Surgical Procedures / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000379:methods; D011182:Postoperative Care / Q000379:methods; D011468:Prostatectomy / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000379:methods*; D011471:Prostatic Neoplasms / Q000601:surgery*; D020127:Recovery of Function; D065287:Robotic Surgical Procedures / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000379:methods; D014549:Urinary Incontinence / Q000209:etiology* / Q000517:prevention & control
keywords: Urinary incontinence; prostate cancer; radical prostatectomy; robotic surgery; urinary continence recovery