title: Genetic engineering of probiotic Escherichia coli Nissle 1917 for clinical application.
abstract: Escherichia coli strain Nissle 1917 (EcN) has been used as a probiotic. Genetic engineering has enhanced the utility of EcN in several vaccine and pharmaceutical preparations. We discuss in this mini review the genetics and physical properties of EcN. We also discuss the numerous genetic engineering strategies employed for EcN-based vaccine development, including recombinant plasmid transfer, genetic engineering of cryptic plasmids or the EcN chromosome, EcN bacterial ghosts and its outer membrane vesicles. We also provide a current update on the progress and the challenges regarding the use of EcN in vaccine development.
authors.affiliation: College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, China.|Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou, 225009, China.
authors.forename: Bingming
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Ou
authors.affiliation: College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, China.|Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou, 225009, China.
authors.forename: Ying
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.affiliation: College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, China.|Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou, 225009, China.|Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, V6T1Z4, Canada.
authors.forename: Wai Liang
authors.initials: WL
authors.lastname: Tham
authors.affiliation: College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, China.|Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou, 225009, China.|Jiangsu Agri-animal Husbandry Vocational College, Taizhou, 225300, China.
authors.forename: Lin
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China.
authors.forename: Jitao
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Guo
authors.affiliation: College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, China. yzgqzhu@yzu.edu.cn.|Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou, 225009, China. yzgqzhu@yzu.edu.cn.
authors.forename: Guoqiang
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Zhu
mesh_terms: D004926:Escherichia coli / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology* / Q000378:metabolism*; D005818:Genetic Engineering; D019936:Probiotics / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D014614:Vaccines, Synthetic / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology*
chemical_list: D014614:Vaccines, Synthetic
keywords: Chromosome; Clinical application; Cryptic plasmids; Genetic modification; Nissle 1917