title: Evaluation of chemokines in gingival crevicular fluid in children with band and loop space maintainers: A clinico-biochemical study.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Chemokines are pro-inflammatory cells that can be induced during an immune response to recruit cells of the immune system to a site of infection.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  This study was conducted to detect the presence of chemokines, macrophage inflammatory protein-1α (MIP-1α), and 1β (MIP-1β) and estimate their levels in gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) in children with band and loop space maintainers.
  
  
  METHODS
  MIP-1α and MIP-1β levels were estimated in GCF samples from twenty healthy children and twenty children with band and loop space maintainers. Periodontal status was evaluated by measuring gingival index, plaque index, and Russell's periodontal index. The GCF samples were quantified by ELISA, and the levels of MIP-1α and MIP-1β were determined.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The mean MIP-1α concentrations in healthy children and those with space maintainers were 395.75 pg/µl and 857.85 pg/µl, respectively, and MIP-1β was 342.55 pg/µl and 685.25 pg/µl, respectively. MIP-1α and MIP-1β levels in GCF from children with space maintainers were significantly higher than in the healthy group, and statistically significant difference existed between these two groups.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  MIP-1α and MIP-1β can be considered as novel biomarkers in the biological mechanism underlying the pathogenesis of gingival inflammation in children with space maintainers.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pedodontics, C.K.S. Teja Institute of Dental Sciences, Tirupati, Andhra Pradesh, India.
authors.forename: Naveen Kommineni
authors.initials: NK
authors.lastname: Kumar
authors.affiliation: Department of Pedodontics, C.K.S. Teja Institute of Dental Sciences, Tirupati, Andhra Pradesh, India.
authors.forename: Veera Kishore Kasa
authors.initials: VK
authors.lastname: Reddy
authors.affiliation: Department of Pedodontics, C.K.S. Teja Institute of Dental Sciences, Tirupati, Andhra Pradesh, India.
authors.forename: Prathyusha
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Padakandla
authors.affiliation: Department of Pedodontics, C.K.S. Teja Institute of Dental Sciences, Tirupati, Andhra Pradesh, India.
authors.forename: Harshini
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Togaru
authors.affiliation: Department of Pedodontics, C.K.S. Teja Institute of Dental Sciences, Tirupati, Andhra Pradesh, India.
authors.forename: Swathi
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Kalagatla
authors.affiliation: Department of Pedodontics, C.K.S. Teja Institute of Dental Sciences, Tirupati, Andhra Pradesh, India.
authors.forename: Vinay Chand M
authors.initials: VC
authors.lastname: Reddy
keywords: Band and loop space maintainers; chemokines; gingival crevicular fluid; inflammation; macrophage inflammatory protein-1α; macrophage inflammatory protein-1β