title: Synthesis and apoptosis inducing studies of triazole linked 3-benzylidene isatin derivatives.
abstract: In our venture towards the development of effective cytotoxic agents, a panel of triazole linked 3-benzylidene isatin hybrids were synthesized and characterized by IR,1H NMR,13C NMR and Mass spectral analysis. All the newly synthesized target compounds were assessed against DU145 (prostate), PC-3 (prostate), MDA-MB-231 (breast), BT549 (breast), A549 (lung) and HeLa (cervical) human cancer cell lines by employing MTT assay for their cytotoxic potential. Significantly, compound Z-8l was found to be most potent amongst all the tested compounds with an IC50value of (3.7 ± 0.05 μM) on DU145 cells. The most active compound (Z-8l) was also tested on RWPE-1 (normal prostate) cells and was found to be safe compared to the DU145 cells. The influence of the cytotoxic compound Z-8l on the cell cycle distribution was assessed on the DU145 cell line, exhibiting a cell cycle arrest at the G2/M phase. Additionally, treatment with compound Z-8l caused collapse of mitochondrial membrane potential (DΨm) in DU145 cells. Moreover, acridine orange/ethidium bromide staining, DAPI nuclear staining, DCFDA staining and annexin V binding assay confirmed that compound Z-8l can induce cell apoptosis in DU145 cells. Western blotting was performed to examine the appearance of active forms of cytochrome c, Bax, Bcl2 and PARP (Poly ADP ribose polymerase), indicator proteins of apoptosis in DU145 cells; the study confirmed the triggering of mitochondrial mediated apoptotic pathway upon exposure of compound Z-8l.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicinal Chemistry, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Hyderabad 500 037, India.
authors.forename: Atulya
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Nagarsenkar
authors.affiliation: Pharmacology and Toxicology Division, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Hyderabad 500 037, India.
authors.forename: Lalita
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Guntuku
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicinal Chemistry, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Hyderabad 500 037, India.
authors.forename: Sravanthi Devi
authors.initials: SD
authors.lastname: Guggilapu
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicinal Chemistry, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Hyderabad 500 037, India.
authors.forename: Danthi Bai
authors.initials: DB
authors.lastname: K
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicinal Chemistry, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Hyderabad 500 037, India.
authors.forename: Srinivasulu
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Gannoju
authors.affiliation: Pharmacology and Toxicology Division, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Hyderabad 500 037, India.
authors.forename: V G M
authors.initials: VGM
authors.lastname: Naidu
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicinal Chemistry, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Hyderabad 500 037, India. Electronic address: bathini@niperhyd.ac.in.
authors.forename: Nagendra Babu
authors.initials: NB
authors.lastname: Bathini
mesh_terms: D000970:Antineoplastic Agents / Q000138:chemical synthesis* / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology*; D017209:Apoptosis / Q000187:drug effects*; D002453:Cell Cycle / Q000187:drug effects; D045744:Cell Line, Tumor; D060326:Chemistry Techniques, Synthetic; D015195:Drug Design; D004354:Drug Screening Assays, Antitumor; D006801:Humans; D007510:Isatin / Q000138:chemical synthesis* / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology*; D051336:Mitochondrial Membranes / Q000187:drug effects; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species / Q000378:metabolism; D014230:Triazoles / Q000737:chemistry*
chemical_list: D000970:Antineoplastic Agents; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species; D014230:Triazoles; D007510:Isatin
keywords: 3-Benzylidene isatin; Anticancer; Apoptosis; Knoevenagel condensation; Oxindole; Triazole