title: Ferredoxin:NADP(H) Oxidoreductase Abundance and Location Influences Redox Poise and Stress Tolerance.
abstract: In linear photosynthetic electron transport, ferredoxin:NADP(H) oxidoreductase (FNR) transfers electrons from ferredoxin (Fd) to NADP+Both NADPH and reduced Fd (Fdred) are required for reductive assimilation and light/dark activation/deactivation of enzymes. FNR is therefore a hub, connecting photosynthetic electron transport to chloroplast redox metabolism. A correlation between FNR content and tolerance to oxidative stress is well established, although the precise mechanism remains unclear. We investigated the impact of altered FNR content and localization on electron transport and superoxide radical evolution in isolated thylakoids, and probed resulting changes in redox homeostasis, expression of oxidative stress markers, and tolerance to high light in planta. Our data indicate that the ratio of Fdredto FNR is critical, with either too much or too little FNR potentially leading to increased superoxide production, and perception of oxidative stress at the level of gene transcription. In FNR overexpressing plants, which show more NADP(H) and glutathione pools, improved tolerance to high-light stress indicates that disturbance of chloroplast redox poise and increased free radical generation may help "prime" the plant and induce protective mechanisms. In fnr1 knock-outs, the NADP(H) and glutathione pools are more oxidized relative to the wild type, and the photoprotective effect is absent despite perception of oxidative stress at the level of gene transcription.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Basic Biological Problems, Russian Academy of Sciences, Puschino, 142290 Russia (M.K., B.I.).|Department of Plant Physiology (T.G., M.T., J.T., J.S., P.G., R.S., G.T.H.) and Department of Biophysics (K.R., H.-J.S., J.P.K.), Osnabrück University, Osnabrück 49076, Germany.|Institute for Protein Research, Osaka University, Osaka 565-0871, Japan (T.H.); and.|School of Biochemistry and Chemistry, Queen Mary University of London, London E1 4NS, United Kingdom (G.T.H.).
authors.forename: Marina
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kozuleva
authors.affiliation: Institute of Basic Biological Problems, Russian Academy of Sciences, Puschino, 142290 Russia (M.K., B.I.).|Department of Plant Physiology (T.G., M.T., J.T., J.S., P.G., R.S., G.T.H.) and Department of Biophysics (K.R., H.-J.S., J.P.K.), Osnabrück University, Osnabrück 49076, Germany.|Institute for Protein Research, Osaka University, Osaka 565-0871, Japan (T.H.); and.|School of Biochemistry and Chemistry, Queen Mary University of London, London E1 4NS, United Kingdom (G.T.H.).
authors.forename: Tatjana
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Goss
authors.affiliation: Institute of Basic Biological Problems, Russian Academy of Sciences, Puschino, 142290 Russia (M.K., B.I.).|Department of Plant Physiology (T.G., M.T., J.T., J.S., P.G., R.S., G.T.H.) and Department of Biophysics (K.R., H.-J.S., J.P.K.), Osnabrück University, Osnabrück 49076, Germany.|Institute for Protein Research, Osaka University, Osaka 565-0871, Japan (T.H.); and.|School of Biochemistry and Chemistry, Queen Mary University of London, London E1 4NS, United Kingdom (G.T.H.).
authors.forename: Manuel
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Twachtmann
authors.affiliation: Institute of Basic Biological Problems, Russian Academy of Sciences, Puschino, 142290 Russia (M.K., B.I.).|Department of Plant Physiology (T.G., M.T., J.T., J.S., P.G., R.S., G.T.H.) and Department of Biophysics (K.R., H.-J.S., J.P.K.), Osnabrück University, Osnabrück 49076, Germany.|Institute for Protein Research, Osaka University, Osaka 565-0871, Japan (T.H.); and.|School of Biochemistry and Chemistry, Queen Mary University of London, London E1 4NS, United Kingdom (G.T.H.).
authors.forename: Katherina
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Rudi
authors.affiliation: Institute of Basic Biological Problems, Russian Academy of Sciences, Puschino, 142290 Russia (M.K., B.I.).|Department of Plant Physiology (T.G., M.T., J.T., J.S., P.G., R.S., G.T.H.) and Department of Biophysics (K.R., H.-J.S., J.P.K.), Osnabrück University, Osnabrück 49076, Germany.|Institute for Protein Research, Osaka University, Osaka 565-0871, Japan (T.H.); and.|School of Biochemistry and Chemistry, Queen Mary University of London, London E1 4NS, United Kingdom (G.T.H.).
authors.forename: Jennifer
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Trapka
authors.affiliation: Institute of Basic Biological Problems, Russian Academy of Sciences, Puschino, 142290 Russia (M.K., B.I.).|Department of Plant Physiology (T.G., M.T., J.T., J.S., P.G., R.S., G.T.H.) and Department of Biophysics (K.R., H.-J.S., J.P.K.), Osnabrück University, Osnabrück 49076, Germany.|Institute for Protein Research, Osaka University, Osaka 565-0871, Japan (T.H.); and.|School of Biochemistry and Chemistry, Queen Mary University of London, London E1 4NS, United Kingdom (G.T.H.).
authors.forename: Jennifer
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Selinski
authors.affiliation: Institute of Basic Biological Problems, Russian Academy of Sciences, Puschino, 142290 Russia (M.K., B.I.).|Department of Plant Physiology (T.G., M.T., J.T., J.S., P.G., R.S., G.T.H.) and Department of Biophysics (K.R., H.-J.S., J.P.K.), Osnabrück University, Osnabrück 49076, Germany.|Institute for Protein Research, Osaka University, Osaka 565-0871, Japan (T.H.); and.|School of Biochemistry and Chemistry, Queen Mary University of London, London E1 4NS, United Kingdom (G.T.H.).
authors.forename: Boris
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Ivanov
authors.affiliation: Institute of Basic Biological Problems, Russian Academy of Sciences, Puschino, 142290 Russia (M.K., B.I.).|Department of Plant Physiology (T.G., M.T., J.T., J.S., P.G., R.S., G.T.H.) and Department of Biophysics (K.R., H.-J.S., J.P.K.), Osnabrück University, Osnabrück 49076, Germany.|Institute for Protein Research, Osaka University, Osaka 565-0871, Japan (T.H.); and.|School of Biochemistry and Chemistry, Queen Mary University of London, London E1 4NS, United Kingdom (G.T.H.).
authors.forename: Prashanth
authors.identifier: 0000-0002-0763-5389
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Garapati
authors.affiliation: Institute of Basic Biological Problems, Russian Academy of Sciences, Puschino, 142290 Russia (M.K., B.I.).|Department of Plant Physiology (T.G., M.T., J.T., J.S., P.G., R.S., G.T.H.) and Department of Biophysics (K.R., H.-J.S., J.P.K.), Osnabrück University, Osnabrück 49076, Germany.|Institute for Protein Research, Osaka University, Osaka 565-0871, Japan (T.H.); and.|School of Biochemistry and Chemistry, Queen Mary University of London, London E1 4NS, United Kingdom (G.T.H.).
authors.forename: Heinz-Juergen
authors.identifier: 0000-0002-5888-0157
authors.initials: HJ
authors.lastname: Steinhoff
authors.affiliation: Institute of Basic Biological Problems, Russian Academy of Sciences, Puschino, 142290 Russia (M.K., B.I.).|Department of Plant Physiology (T.G., M.T., J.T., J.S., P.G., R.S., G.T.H.) and Department of Biophysics (K.R., H.-J.S., J.P.K.), Osnabrück University, Osnabrück 49076, Germany.|Institute for Protein Research, Osaka University, Osaka 565-0871, Japan (T.H.); and.|School of Biochemistry and Chemistry, Queen Mary University of London, London E1 4NS, United Kingdom (G.T.H.).
authors.forename: Toshiharu
authors.identifier: 0000-0002-0631-3900
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Hase
authors.affiliation: Institute of Basic Biological Problems, Russian Academy of Sciences, Puschino, 142290 Russia (M.K., B.I.).|Department of Plant Physiology (T.G., M.T., J.T., J.S., P.G., R.S., G.T.H.) and Department of Biophysics (K.R., H.-J.S., J.P.K.), Osnabrück University, Osnabrück 49076, Germany.|Institute for Protein Research, Osaka University, Osaka 565-0871, Japan (T.H.); and.|School of Biochemistry and Chemistry, Queen Mary University of London, London E1 4NS, United Kingdom (G.T.H.).
authors.forename: Renate
authors.identifier: 0000-0002-6140-6181
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Scheibe
authors.affiliation: Institute of Basic Biological Problems, Russian Academy of Sciences, Puschino, 142290 Russia (M.K., B.I.).|Department of Plant Physiology (T.G., M.T., J.T., J.S., P.G., R.S., G.T.H.) and Department of Biophysics (K.R., H.-J.S., J.P.K.), Osnabrück University, Osnabrück 49076, Germany.|Institute for Protein Research, Osaka University, Osaka 565-0871, Japan (T.H.); and.|School of Biochemistry and Chemistry, Queen Mary University of London, London E1 4NS, United Kingdom (G.T.H.).
authors.forename: Johann P
authors.identifier: 0000-0002-5761-5968
authors.initials: JP
authors.lastname: Klare
authors.affiliation: Institute of Basic Biological Problems, Russian Academy of Sciences, Puschino, 142290 Russia (M.K., B.I.); g.hanke@qmul.ac.uk.|Department of Plant Physiology (T.G., M.T., J.T., J.S., P.G., R.S., G.T.H.) and Department of Biophysics (K.R., H.-J.S., J.P.K.), Osnabrück University, Osnabrück 49076, Germany; g.hanke@qmul.ac.uk.|Institute for Protein Research, Osaka University, Osaka 565-0871, Japan (T.H.); and g.hanke@qmul.ac.uk.|School of Biochemistry and Chemistry, Queen Mary University of London, London E1 4NS, United Kingdom (G.T.H.) g.hanke@qmul.ac.uk.
authors.forename: Guy T
authors.identifier: 0000-0002-6167-926X
authors.initials: GT
authors.lastname: Hanke
mesh_terms: D000222:Adaptation, Physiological / Q000528:radiation effects; D017360:Arabidopsis / Q000201:enzymology* / Q000502:physiology* / Q000528:radiation effects; D029681:Arabidopsis Proteins / Q000378:metabolism*; D002736:Chloroplasts / Q000378:metabolism / Q000528:radiation effects; D005287:Ferredoxin-NADP Reductase / Q000378:metabolism*; D018506:Gene Expression Regulation, Plant / Q000528:radiation effects; D005978:Glutathione / Q000378:metabolism; D008027:Light; D009249:NADP / Q000378:metabolism; D010084:Oxidation-Reduction / Q000528:radiation effects; D030821:Plants, Genetically Modified; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species / Q000378:metabolism; D012995:Solubility; D013312:Stress, Physiological / Q000528:radiation effects; D013481:Superoxides / Q000378:metabolism; D020524:Thylakoids / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D029681:Arabidopsis Proteins; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species; D013481:Superoxides; D009249:NADP; C000623005:FNR1 protein, Arabidopsis; D005287:Ferredoxin-NADP Reductase; D005978:Glutathione