title: Applications of Chondrocyte-Based Cartilage Engineering: An Overview.
abstract: Chondrocytes are the exclusive cells residing in cartilage and maintain the functionality of cartilage tissue. Series of biocomponents such as different growth factors, cytokines, and transcriptional factors regulate the mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) differentiation to chondrocytes. The number of chondrocytes and dedifferentiation are the key limitations in subsequent clinical application of the chondrocytes. Different culture methods are being developed to overcome such issues. Using tissue engineering and cell based approaches, chondrocytes offer prominent therapeutic option specifically in orthopedics for cartilage repair and to treat ailments such as tracheal defects, facial reconstruction, and urinary incontinence. Matrix-assisted autologous chondrocyte transplantation/implantation is an improved version of traditional autologous chondrocyte transplantation (ACT) method. An increasing number of studies show the clinical significance of this technique for the chondral lesions treatment. Literature survey was carried out to address clinical and functional findings by using various ACT procedures. The current study was conducted to study the pharmacological significance and biomedical application of chondrocytes. Furthermore, it is inferred from the present study that long term follow-up studies are required to evaluate the potential of these methods and specific positive outcomes.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biological Sciences, College of Natural Sciences, Kongju National University, Gongjudaehakro 56, Gongju 32588, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Abdul-Rehman
authors.identifier: 0000-0002-4112-6588
authors.initials: AR
authors.lastname: Phull
authors.affiliation: Department of Biological Sciences, College of Natural Sciences, Kongju National University, Gongjudaehakro 56, Gongju 32588, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Seong-Hui
authors.initials: SH
authors.lastname: Eo
authors.affiliation: Department of Biological Sciences, College of Natural Sciences, Kongju National University, Gongjudaehakro 56, Gongju 32588, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Qamar
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Abbas
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacy, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad 45320, Pakistan.
authors.forename: Madiha
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Ahmed
authors.affiliation: Department of Biological Sciences, College of Natural Sciences, Kongju National University, Gongjudaehakro 56, Gongju 32588, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Song Ja
authors.identifier: 0000-0001-6380-256X
authors.initials: SJ
authors.lastname: Kim
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002356:Cartilage / Q000166:cytology*; D002454:Cell Differentiation / Q000502:physiology; D019902:Chondrocytes / Q000166:cytology*; D006801:Humans; D059630:Mesenchymal Stem Cells / Q000166:cytology; D023822:Tissue Engineering / Q000379:methods