title: Tanshinone IIA protects against myocardial ischemia reperfusion injury by activating the PI3K/Akt/mTOR signaling pathway.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To determine the mechanism by which Tanshinone IIA (Tan IIA) relieves myocardial ischemia reperfusion injury (MIRI) in rats via the PI3K/Akt/mTOR signaling pathway.
  
  
  METHODS
  Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats received an intravenous injection of Tan IIA and LY294002 and were divided into the sham, control (myocardial ischemia reperfusion), Tan-L (low-dose Tan IIA), Tan-H (high-dose Tan IIA), Tan-L+LY (low-dose Tan IIA+LY294002), Tan-H+LY (high-dose Tan IIA+LY294002) and LY (LY294002) groups. Cardiomyocytes obtained from neonatal rats were treated with hypoxia reoxygenatin, Tan IIA and LY294002 and divided into the blank, control, Tan-L, Tan-H, Tan-L+LY, Tan-H+LY and LY groups. Creatine kinase MB isoenzyme (CK-MB) and lactic dehydrogenase (LDH) levels in serum and cardiomyocytes were measured. Area of necrosis/area at risk (AN/AAR) was determined with double staining of TTC and Evan's blue; viability and apoptosis of cardiomyocytes with MTT and TUNEL assays; SOD, MDA, H2O2, SDH and COX levels in heart mitochondria together with PI3K/Akt/mTOR and eNOS expressions and phosphorylation with Western blotting.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The Tan-L and Tan-H groups showed a remarkable decrease in AN/AAR, serum CK-MB and LDH, mitochondrial MDA and H2O2levels but an increase in SOD activity, SDH and COX levels compared with the control group. However, compared with the Tan-L and Tan-H groups, the Tan-L+LY, Tan-H+LY and LY groups indicated an inverse tendency of those indicators. As shown by MTT and TUNEL, the control group had more severe cell damage than the blank group. Furthermore, cell damage and apoptosis were less severe in the Tan-L and Tan-H groups than in the control group, while the Tan-L+LY, Tan-H+LY and LY groups showed an opposite tendency when compared with the Tan-L and Tan-H groups. Meanwhile, the Tan-L and Tan-H groups showed significantly higher expression levels of PI3K, p-Akt/Akt, mTOR and p-eNOS/eNOS than the control group, whereas the Tan-L+LY, Tan-H+LY and LY groups had lower expression levels than the Tan-L and Tan-H groups.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our study provided evidence that Tan IIA could activate the PI3K/Akt/mTOR signaling pathway to relieve MIRI in rats.
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardiology, Yantaishan Hospital, Yantai 264001, PR China.
authors.forename: Qiang
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardiology Group Two, Weihai Municipal Hospital, Weihai 264200, PR China.
authors.forename: Li
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Shen
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardiology, Yantaishan Hospital, Yantai 264001, PR China.
authors.forename: Zhen
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: Yantaishan Hospital, Yantai 264001, PR China.
authors.forename: Hai-Peng
authors.initials: HP
authors.lastname: Jiang
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardiology Group Two, Wendeng Central Hospital of Weihai, Weihai 264400, PR China. Electronic address: lixiaSD@yeah.net.
authors.forename: Li-Xia
authors.initials: LX
authors.lastname: Liu
mesh_terms: D045784:Abietanes / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D000818:Animals; D000831:Animals, Newborn; D002316:Cardiotonic Agents / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D008297:Male; D015428:Myocardial Reperfusion Injury / Q000378:metabolism / Q000517:prevention & control*; D019869:Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinases / Q000378:metabolism*; D051057:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-akt / Q000378:metabolism*; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D015398:Signal Transduction / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology; D058570:TOR Serine-Threonine Kinases / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D045784:Abietanes; D002316:Cardiotonic Agents; D019869:Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinases; D051057:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-akt; D058570:TOR Serine-Threonine Kinases; C021751:tanshinone; C546845:mTOR protein, rat
keywords: Area of necrosis; Cardiomyocytes; LY294002; Myocardial ischemia reperfusion injury; PI3K/Akt/mTOR signaling pathway; Tanshinone IIA