title: Coping with Violence in Mental Health Care Settings: Patient and Staff Member Perspectives on De-escalation Practices.
abstract: This multiple case study explored de-escalation processes in threatening and violent situations based on patients and staff members perspectives. Our post hoc analysis indicated that de-escalation included responsive interactions influenced by the perspectives of both patients and staff members. We assembled their perspectives in a mental model consisting of three interdependent stages: (1) memories and hope, (2) safety and creativity and (3) reflective moments. The data indicated that both patients and staff strived for peaceful solutions and that a dynamic and sociological understanding of de-escalation can foster shared problem solving in violent and threatening situations.
authors.affiliation: Psychiatric Research Unit, Region Zealand, Slagelse, Denmark; Department of Public Health, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark. Electronic address: lelb@regionsjaelland.dk.
authors.forename: Lene Lauge
authors.initials: LL
authors.lastname: Berring
authors.affiliation: Psychiatric Research Unit, Region Zealand, Slagelse, Denmark; Department of Psychology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark. Electronic address: lispe@regionsjaelland.dk.
authors.forename: Liselotte
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Pedersen
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Nursing, University of Sydney and St. Vincent Private Hospital Sydney, Sydney, Australia. Electronic address: niels.buus@sydney.edu.au.
authors.forename: Niels
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Buus
mesh_terms: D000223:Adaptation, Psychological; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000884:Anthropology, Cultural; D005260:Female; D006282:Health Personnel / Q000523:psychology*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D001523:Mental Disorders / Q000451:nursing / Q000523:psychology; D008605:Mental Health Services / Q000458:organization & administration*; D008875:Middle Aged; D010361:Patients / Q000523:psychology*; D011568:Psychiatric Nursing / Q000379:methods; D014754:Violence / Q000517:prevention & control* / Q000523:psychology