title: Trends in HIV Infection Among Persons Who Inject Drugs: United States and Puerto Rico, 2008-2013.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To describe trends in HIV diagnoses and prevalence among persons who inject drugs (PWID), and trend variations by jurisdiction.
  
  
  METHODS
  We used National HIV Surveillance System data to estimate the number of HIV diagnoses made during 2008 through 2013, and measured trends by estimated annual percent change; and persons living with diagnosed HIV infection at year-end 2008 to 2012, and measured trends in prevalence by the 2012-2008 arithmetic difference.
  
  
  RESULTS
  During 2008 through 2013, the number of HIV diagnoses was stable among all persons (< 2% per year), and decreased among PWID (> 10% per year) overall and in 10 jurisdictions. The Black-to-White PWID diagnosis ratio was 2 to 1. During 2008 through 2012, the number of persons living with diagnosed HIV infection increased overall, was stable among PWID, and decreased in 14 jurisdictions.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Had the rate of decrease in diagnoses of HIV infection among PWID equaled that of all persons, an additional 1500 diagnoses would have occurred between 2008 and 2013. Prevalence was stable among PWID, and increased overall among all persons living with HIV infection. Pronounced racial inequities persist, particularly for Blacks, and appear to be diminishing.
authors.affiliation: Andrew John Mitsch and H. Irene Hall are with the Division of HIV/AIDS Prevention, National Center for HIV/AIDS, Viral Hepatitis, STD, and TB Prevention, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA. Aruna Surendera Babu is with ICF Macro International Inc, Atlanta.
authors.forename: Andrew John
authors.initials: AJ
authors.lastname: Mitsch
authors.affiliation: Andrew John Mitsch and H. Irene Hall are with the Division of HIV/AIDS Prevention, National Center for HIV/AIDS, Viral Hepatitis, STD, and TB Prevention, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA. Aruna Surendera Babu is with ICF Macro International Inc, Atlanta.
authors.forename: H Irene
authors.initials: HI
authors.lastname: Hall
authors.affiliation: Andrew John Mitsch and H. Irene Hall are with the Division of HIV/AIDS Prevention, National Center for HIV/AIDS, Viral Hepatitis, STD, and TB Prevention, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA. Aruna Surendera Babu is with ICF Macro International Inc, Atlanta.
authors.forename: Aruna Surendera
authors.initials: AS
authors.lastname: Babu
mesh_terms: D015658:HIV Infections / Q000453:epidemiology*; D006801:Humans; D011647:Puerto Rico / Q000453:epidemiology; D012309:Risk-Taking; D019966:Substance-Related Disorders; D014481:United States / Q000453:epidemiology