title: Immunity to Rice Blast Disease by Suppression of Effector-Triggered Necrosis.
abstract: Hemibiotrophic pathogens are some of the most destructive plant pathogens, causing huge economic losses and threatening global food security. Infection with these organisms often involves an initial biotrophic infection phase, during which the pathogen spreads in host tissue asymptomatically, followed by a necrotrophic phase, during which host-cell death is induced. How hemibiotrophic pathogens trigger host necrosis and how plants inhibit the transition from the biotrophic stage to the necrotrophic stage in disease symptom expression are mainly unknown. The rice blast fungus Magnaporthe oryzae spreads in rice biotrophically early during infection, but this biotrophic stage is followed by a pronounced switch to cell death and lesion formation. Here, we show that the M. oryzae effector AvrPiz-t interacts with the bZIP-type transcription factor APIP5 in the cytoplasm and suppresses its transcriptional activity and protein accumulation at the necrotrophic stage. Silencing of APIP5 in transgenic rice leads to cell death, and the phenotype is enhanced by the expression of AvrPiz-t. Conversely, Piz-t interacts with and stabilizes APIP5 to prevent necrosis at the necrotrophic stage. At the same time, APIP5 is essential for Piz-t stability. These results demonstrate a novel mechanism for the suppression of effector-triggered necrosis at the necrotrophic stage by an NLR receptor in plants.
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China; Department of Plant Pathology, Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA.
authors.forename: Ruyi
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China.
authors.forename: Yuese
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Ning
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China.
authors.forename: Xuetao
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Shi
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China.
authors.forename: Feng
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: He
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China.
authors.forename: Chongyang
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China; Department of Plant Pathology, Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA.
authors.forename: Jiangbo
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Fan
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China; Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Crop Germplasm Innovation and Utilization and College of Agronomy, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, Hunan 410128, China.
authors.forename: Nan
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Jiang
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China.
authors.forename: Yu
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China.
authors.forename: Ting
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Crop Germplasm Innovation and Utilization and College of Agronomy, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, Hunan 410128, China.
authors.forename: Yajun
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Hu
authors.affiliation: Department of Plant Pathology, Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA.
authors.forename: Maria
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Bellizzi
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China; Department of Plant Pathology, Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA. Electronic address: wang.620@osu.edu.
authors.forename: Guo-Liang
authors.initials: GL
authors.lastname: Wang
mesh_terms: D016923:Cell Death; D005656:Fungal Proteins / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism; D020868:Gene Silencing; D054884:Host-Pathogen Interactions; D020082:Magnaporthe / Q000235:genetics / Q000502:physiology*; D012275:Oryza / Q000276:immunology* / Q000382:microbiology; D010935:Plant Diseases / Q000382:microbiology*; D057865:Plant Immunity; D010940:Plant Proteins / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism; D018517:Plant Roots / Q000254:growth & development / Q000382:microbiology / Q000502:physiology
chemical_list: D005656:Fungal Proteins; D010940:Plant Proteins
keywords: APIP5; Magnaporthe oryzae; NLR receptor; bZIP transcription factor; cell death; effector target; effector-triggered immunity; effector-triggered necrosis; hemibiotrophic pathogens; rice blast