title: The overall computer/mobile devices usage time is related to newly diagnosed non-alcoholic fatty liver disease: a population-based study.
abstract: The computer/mobile devices usage time (CMD-UT) is closely related to a sedentary lifestyle, which is an important risk factor for non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). But their direct relationship remains unclear.
  
  
  
  We aimed to examine the relationship between CMD-UT and newly diagnosed non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) in Chinese adults.
  
  
  
  This cross-sectional study was conducted on 7516 adults in Tianjin, China. The CMD-UT was collected via a questionnaire included five categories. NAFLD [with normal or elevated alanine transaminase (ALT) levels] was diagnosed by at least twice liver ultrasonography examinations and serum ALT concentrations (>41 U/L in males and >33 U/L in females).
  
  
  
  The prevalence of overall NAFLD, NAFLD with normal or elevated ALT levels was 18.2, 14.2, and 4.0%, respectively. After adjustments for potential confounding factors, the odds ratios (95% confidence interval) of having overall NAFLD by increasing CMD-UT levels were 1.00 for <1 h/d, 1.58 (1.22-2.05) for 1-3 h/d, 1.58 (1.18-2.11) for 3-5 h/d, 1.65 (1.21-2.27) for 5-10 h/d, and 1.99 (1.29-3.05) for ≥10h/d (P-trend for CMD-UT levels = 0.02), respectively. Similar relations were observed with the use of NAFLD with normal or elevated ALT levels.
  
  
  
  The present study is the first to find that CMD-UT levels are independently associated with NAFLD. Key Messages The computer/mobile devices usage time levels are independently associated with the prevalence of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease.
authors.affiliation: a Nutritional Epidemiology Institute and School of Public Health , Tianjin Medical University , Tianjin , China.
authors.forename: Ge
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Meng
authors.affiliation: a Nutritional Epidemiology Institute and School of Public Health , Tianjin Medical University , Tianjin , China.
authors.forename: Fangfang
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.affiliation: a Nutritional Epidemiology Institute and School of Public Health , Tianjin Medical University , Tianjin , China.
authors.forename: Liyun
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Fang
authors.affiliation: a Nutritional Epidemiology Institute and School of Public Health , Tianjin Medical University , Tianjin , China.
authors.forename: Chunlei
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: b Health Management Centre, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital , Tianjin , China.
authors.forename: Qing
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: b Health Management Centre, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital , Tianjin , China.
authors.forename: Li
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.affiliation: a Nutritional Epidemiology Institute and School of Public Health , Tianjin Medical University , Tianjin , China.|d Collaborative Innovation Center of Non-communicable Disease , Tianjin Medical University , Tianjin , China.
authors.forename: Hongmei
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Wu
authors.affiliation: a Nutritional Epidemiology Institute and School of Public Health , Tianjin Medical University , Tianjin , China.
authors.forename: Huanmin
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Du
authors.affiliation: b Health Management Centre, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital , Tianjin , China.
authors.forename: Hongbin
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Shi
authors.affiliation: a Nutritional Epidemiology Institute and School of Public Health , Tianjin Medical University , Tianjin , China.|d Collaborative Innovation Center of Non-communicable Disease , Tianjin Medical University , Tianjin , China.
authors.forename: Yang
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Xia
authors.affiliation: a Nutritional Epidemiology Institute and School of Public Health , Tianjin Medical University , Tianjin , China.
authors.forename: Xiaoyan
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Guo
authors.affiliation: a Nutritional Epidemiology Institute and School of Public Health , Tianjin Medical University , Tianjin , China.
authors.forename: Xing
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.affiliation: a Nutritional Epidemiology Institute and School of Public Health , Tianjin Medical University , Tianjin , China.|d Collaborative Innovation Center of Non-communicable Disease , Tianjin Medical University , Tianjin , China.
authors.forename: Xue
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Bao
authors.affiliation: a Nutritional Epidemiology Institute and School of Public Health , Tianjin Medical University , Tianjin , China.
authors.forename: Qian
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Su
authors.affiliation: a Nutritional Epidemiology Institute and School of Public Health , Tianjin Medical University , Tianjin , China.
authors.forename: Yeqing
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Gu
authors.affiliation: a Nutritional Epidemiology Institute and School of Public Health , Tianjin Medical University , Tianjin , China.
authors.forename: Fei
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Yu
authors.affiliation: a Nutritional Epidemiology Institute and School of Public Health , Tianjin Medical University , Tianjin , China.
authors.forename: Huijun
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.affiliation: a Nutritional Epidemiology Institute and School of Public Health , Tianjin Medical University , Tianjin , China.
authors.forename: Bin
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Yu
authors.affiliation: b Health Management Centre, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital , Tianjin , China.
authors.forename: Shaomei
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Sun
authors.affiliation: b Health Management Centre, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital , Tianjin , China.
authors.forename: Xing
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: b Health Management Centre, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital , Tianjin , China.
authors.forename: Ming
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Zhou
authors.affiliation: b Health Management Centre, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital , Tianjin , China.
authors.forename: Qiyu
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Jia
authors.affiliation: c Department of Rehabilitation and Sports Medicine , Tianjin Medical University , Tianjin , China.
authors.forename: Qi
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Guo
authors.affiliation: a Nutritional Epidemiology Institute and School of Public Health , Tianjin Medical University , Tianjin , China.
authors.forename: Xin
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.affiliation: b Health Management Centre, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital , Tianjin , China.
authors.forename: Kun
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Song
authors.affiliation: b Health Management Centre, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital , Tianjin , China.
authors.forename: Guolin
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: a Nutritional Epidemiology Institute and School of Public Health , Tianjin Medical University , Tianjin , China.
authors.forename: Guowei
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Huang
authors.affiliation: a Nutritional Epidemiology Institute and School of Public Health , Tianjin Medical University , Tianjin , China.|b Health Management Centre, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital , Tianjin , China.|d Collaborative Innovation Center of Non-communicable Disease , Tianjin Medical University , Tianjin , China.
authors.forename: Kaijun
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Niu
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D040421:Cell Phone / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D002681:China / Q000453:epidemiology; D003201:Computers / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D065626:Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology*; D016017:Odds Ratio; D012307:Risk Factors; D057185:Sedentary Behavior; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires
keywords: Alanine transaminase; non-alcoholic fatty liver disease; screen time; television