title: Beyond men and women: a critical perspective on gender and disaster.
abstract: Consideration of gender in the disaster sphere has centred almost exclusively on the vulnerability and capacities of women. This trend stems from a polarised Western understanding of gender as a binary concept of man-woman. Such an approach also mirrors the dominant framing of disasters and disaster risk reduction (DRR), emphasising Western standards and practices to the detriment of local, non-Western identities and experiences. This paper argues that the man-woman dichotomy is an insufficient construct with which to address the gendered dimensions of a disaster as it fails to capture the realities of diverse gender minorities in non-Western contexts. The paper presents case studies from the Philippines, Indonesia, and Samoa, where gender minorities display specific patterns of vulnerability associated with their marginal positions in society, yet, importantly, also possess a wide array of endogenous capacities. Recognition of these differences, needs, skills, and unique resources is essential to moving towards inclusive and gender-sensitive DRR.
authors.affiliation: Associate Professor at the School of Environment, The University of Auckland, New Zealand.
authors.forename: J C
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: Gaillard
authors.affiliation: Anthropologist and independent researcher based in Newcastle, United Kingdom.
authors.forename: Kristinne
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Sanz
authors.affiliation: Independent researcher based in Metro Manila, Philippines.
authors.forename: Benigno C
authors.initials: BC
authors.lastname: Balgos
authors.affiliation: Associate Professor at the Department of Anthropology, University of the Philippines Diliman, Philippines.
authors.forename: Soledad Natalia M
authors.initials: SNM
authors.lastname: Dalisay
authors.affiliation: Senior Lecturer in Geography and Urban Studies at the School of Social Sciences and Psychology, University of Western Sydney, Australia.
authors.forename: Andrew
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Gorman-Murray
authors.affiliation: Member of the Samoa Fa'afafine Association, Samoa.
authors.forename: Fagalua
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Smith
authors.affiliation: Senior Officer at the National Disaster Management Office of Samoa and Chairperson of the Social Committee of the Samoa Fa'afafine Association, Samoa.
authors.forename: Vaito'a
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Toelupe
mesh_terms: D004190:Disasters; D005260:Female; D005783:Gender Identity; D006801:Humans; D007214:Indonesia; D008297:Male; D008913:Minority Groups; D010679:Philippines; D040242:Risk Reduction Behavior; D018947:Samoa; D035862:Vulnerable Populations
keywords: capacity; disaster; gender identity; gender minorities; vulnerability