title: Liming in the sugarcane burnt system and the green harvest practice affect soil bacterial community in northeastern São Paulo, Brazil.
abstract: Here we show that both liming the burnt sugarcane and the green harvest practice alter bacterial community structure, diversity and composition in sugarcane fields in northeastern São Paulo state, Brazil. Terminal restriction fragment length polymorphism fingerprinting and 16S rRNA gene cloning and sequencing were used to analyze changes in soil bacterial communities. The field experiment consisted of sugarcane-cultivated soils under different regimes: green sugarcane (GS), burnt sugarcane (BS), BS in soil amended with lime applied to increase soil pH (BSL), and native forest (NF) as control soil. The bacterial community structures revealed disparate patterns in sugarcane-cultivated soils and forest soil (R = 0.786, P = 0.002), and overlapping patterns were shown for the bacterial community structure among the different management regimes applied to sugarcane (R = 0.194, P = 0.002). The numbers of operational taxonomic units (OTUs) found in the libraries were 117, 185, 173 and 166 for NF, BS, BSL and GS, respectively. Sugarcane-cultivated soils revealed higher bacterial diversity than NF soil, with BS soil accounting for a higher richness of unique OTUs (101 unique OTUs) than NF soil (23 unique OTUs). Cluster analysis based on OTUs revealed similar bacterial communities in NF and GS soils, while the bacterial community from BS soil was most distinct from the others. Acidobacteria and Alphaproteobacteria were the most abundant bacterial phyla across the different soils with Acidobacteria Gp1 accounting for a higher abundance in NF and GS soils than burnt sugarcane-cultivated soils (BS and BSL). In turn, Acidobacteria Gp4 abundance was higher in BS soils than in other soils. These differential responses in soil bacterial community structure, diversity and composition can be associated with the agricultural management, mainly liming practices, and harvest methods in the sugarcane-cultivated soils, and they can be detected shortly after harvest.
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Tecnologia, Faculdade de Ciências Agrárias e Veterinária FCAV, Univ. Estadual Paulista UNESP, Acesso Prof. Dr. Paulo Donato Castellane, S/N, Jaboticabal, SP, 14884-900, Brazil. valmoraes.silvana@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Silvana Pompeia
authors.initials: SP
authors.lastname: Val-Moraes
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Tecnologia, Faculdade de Ciências Agrárias e Veterinária FCAV, Univ. Estadual Paulista UNESP, Acesso Prof. Dr. Paulo Donato Castellane, S/N, Jaboticabal, SP, 14884-900, Brazil.
authors.forename: Helena Suleiman
authors.initials: HS
authors.lastname: de Macedo
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Tecnologia, Faculdade de Ciências Agrárias e Veterinária FCAV, Univ. Estadual Paulista UNESP, Acesso Prof. Dr. Paulo Donato Castellane, S/N, Jaboticabal, SP, 14884-900, Brazil.
authors.forename: Luciano Takeshi
authors.initials: LT
authors.lastname: Kishi
authors.affiliation: Faculdade de Ciências Biológicas e Ambientais FCBA, Universidade Federal da Grande Dourados UFGD, Rodovia Dourados, Itahum, Km 12 - Unidade II, Caixa Postal: 364, Dourados, MS, CEP 79804-970, Brazil.
authors.forename: Rodrigo Matheus
authors.initials: RM
authors.lastname: Pereira
authors.affiliation: Laboratório de Biologia Celular e Molecular, Centro de Energia Nuclear na Agricultura CENA, Universidade de São Paulo USP, Av. Centenário, 303, Caixa Postal 96, Piracicaba, SP, CEP 13400-970, Brazil.
authors.forename: Acacio Aparecido
authors.initials: AA
authors.lastname: Navarrete
authors.affiliation: Laboratório de Biologia Celular e Molecular, Centro de Energia Nuclear na Agricultura CENA, Universidade de São Paulo USP, Av. Centenário, 303, Caixa Postal 96, Piracicaba, SP, CEP 13400-970, Brazil.
authors.forename: Lucas William
authors.initials: LW
authors.lastname: Mendes
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Tecnologia, Faculdade de Ciências Agrárias e Veterinária FCAV, Univ. Estadual Paulista UNESP, Acesso Prof. Dr. Paulo Donato Castellane, S/N, Jaboticabal, SP, 14884-900, Brazil.
authors.forename: Eduardo Barretto
authors.initials: EB
authors.lastname: de Figueiredo
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Tecnologia, Faculdade de Ciências Agrárias e Veterinária FCAV, Univ. Estadual Paulista UNESP, Acesso Prof. Dr. Paulo Donato Castellane, S/N, Jaboticabal, SP, 14884-900, Brazil.
authors.forename: Newton
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: La Scala
authors.affiliation: Laboratório de Biologia Celular e Molecular, Centro de Energia Nuclear na Agricultura CENA, Universidade de São Paulo USP, Av. Centenário, 303, Caixa Postal 96, Piracicaba, SP, CEP 13400-970, Brazil.
authors.forename: Siu Mui
authors.initials: SM
authors.lastname: Tsai
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Tecnologia, Faculdade de Ciências Agrárias e Veterinária FCAV, Univ. Estadual Paulista UNESP, Acesso Prof. Dr. Paulo Donato Castellane, S/N, Jaboticabal, SP, 14884-900, Brazil.
authors.forename: Eliana Gertrudes
authors.initials: EG
authors.lastname: de Macedo Lemos
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Tecnologia, Faculdade de Ciências Agrárias e Veterinária FCAV, Univ. Estadual Paulista UNESP, Acesso Prof. Dr. Paulo Donato Castellane, S/N, Jaboticabal, SP, 14884-900, Brazil. lmcalves@fcav.unesp.br.
authors.forename: Lúcia Maria Carareto
authors.initials: LM
authors.lastname: Alves
mesh_terms: D000383:Agriculture / Q000379:methods*; D001419:Bacteria / Q000145:classification / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000235:genetics; D001938:Brazil; D017610:Calcium Compounds / Q000494:pharmacology*; D005390:Fires; D015999:Multivariate Analysis; D010087:Oxides / Q000494:pharmacology*; D012150:Polymorphism, Restriction Fragment Length; D012329:RNA, Bacterial; D012336:RNA, Ribosomal, 16S / Q000235:genetics; D031786:Saccharum; D012987:Soil / Q000737:chemistry*; D012988:Soil Microbiology
chemical_list: D017610:Calcium Compounds; D010087:Oxides; D012329:RNA, Bacterial; D012336:RNA, Ribosomal, 16S; D012987:Soil; C016538:lime
keywords: 16S rRNA gene; Agricultural soil management; Soil microbial ecology; T-RFLP fingerprinting