title: Effect of diode laser and ultrasonics with and without ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid on smear layer removal from the root canals: A scanning electron microscope study.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate the effect of diode laser and ultrasonics with and without ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA) on the smear layer removal from root canals.
  
  
  METHODS
  A total of 120 mandibular premolars were decoronated to working the length of 12 mm and prepared with protaper rotary files up to size F3. Group A canals irrigated with 1 ml of 3% sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl) followed by 3 ml of 3% NaOCl. Group B canals irrigated with 1 ml of 17% EDTA followed by 3 ml of 3% NaOCl. Group C canals lased with a diode laser. Group D canals were initially irrigated with 0.8 ml of 17% EDTA the remaining 0.2 ml was used to fill the root canals, and diode laser application was done. Group E canals were irrigated with 1 ml distilled water with passive ultrasonic activation, followed by 3 ml of 3% NaOCl. Group F canals were irrigated with 1 ml EDTA with passive ultrasonic activation, followed by 3 ml of 3% NaOCl. Scanning electron microscope examination of canals was done for remaining smear layer at coronal middle and apical third levels.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Ultrasonics with EDTA had the least smear layer scores.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Diode laser alone performed significantly better than ultrasonics.
authors.affiliation: Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, Government Dental College and Hospital, Srinagar, Jammu and Kashmir, India.
authors.forename: Khalid
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Amin
authors.affiliation: Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, Government Dental College and Hospital, Srinagar, Jammu and Kashmir, India.
authors.forename: Ajaz
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Masoodi
authors.affiliation: Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, Government Dental College and Hospital, Srinagar, Jammu and Kashmir, India.
authors.forename: Shahnaz
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Nabi
authors.affiliation: Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, Government Dental College and Hospital, Srinagar, Jammu and Kashmir, India.
authors.forename: Parvaiz
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Ahmad
authors.affiliation: Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, Government Dental College and Hospital, Srinagar, Jammu and Kashmir, India.
authors.forename: Riyaz
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Farooq
authors.affiliation: Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, Government Dental College and Hospital, Srinagar, Jammu and Kashmir, India.
authors.forename: Aamir Rashid
authors.initials: AR
authors.lastname: Purra
authors.affiliation: Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, Government Dental College and Hospital, Srinagar, Jammu and Kashmir, India.
authors.forename: Fayaz Ahmad
authors.initials: FA
authors.lastname: Ahangar
keywords: Diode laser; ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid; root canal irrigants; scanning electron microscope; ultrasonics