title: Enteric Micromotor Can Selectively Position and Spontaneously Propel in the Gastrointestinal Tract.
abstract: The gastrointestinal (GI) tract, which hosts hundreds of bacteria species, becomes the most exciting organ for the emerging microbiome research. Some of these GI microbes are hostile and cause a variety of diseases. These bacteria colonize in different segments of the GI tract dependent on the local physicochemical and biological factors. Therefore, selectively locating therapeutic or imaging agents to specific GI segments is of significant importance for studying gut microbiome and treating various GI-related diseases. Herein, we demonstrate an enteric micromotor system capable of precise positioning and controllable retention in desired segments of the GI tract. These motors, consisting of magnesium-based tubular micromotors coated with an enteric polymer layer, act as a robust nanobiotechnology tool for site-specific GI delivery. The micromotors can deliver payload to a particular location via dissolution of their enteric coating to activate their propulsion at the target site toward localized tissue penetration and retention.
authors.affiliation: Department of Nanoengineering, University of California San Diego , La Jolla, California 92093, United States.
authors.forename: Jinxing
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: Department of Nanoengineering, University of California San Diego , La Jolla, California 92093, United States.
authors.forename: Soracha
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Thamphiwatana
authors.affiliation: Department of Nanoengineering, University of California San Diego , La Jolla, California 92093, United States.
authors.forename: Wenjuan
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.affiliation: Department of Nanoengineering, University of California San Diego , La Jolla, California 92093, United States.
authors.forename: Berta
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Esteban-Fernández de Ávila
authors.affiliation: Department of Nanoengineering, University of California San Diego , La Jolla, California 92093, United States.
authors.forename: Pavimol
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Angsantikul
authors.affiliation: Department of Nanoengineering, University of California San Diego , La Jolla, California 92093, United States.
authors.forename: Elodie
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Sandraz
authors.affiliation: Department of Nanoengineering, University of California San Diego , La Jolla, California 92093, United States.
authors.forename: Jianxing
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: Department of Nanoengineering, University of California San Diego , La Jolla, California 92093, United States.
authors.forename: Tailin
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Xu
authors.affiliation: Department of Nanoengineering, University of California San Diego , La Jolla, California 92093, United States.
authors.forename: Fernando
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Soto
authors.affiliation: Department of Nanoengineering, University of California San Diego , La Jolla, California 92093, United States.
authors.forename: Valentin
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Ramez
authors.affiliation: Department of Nanoengineering, University of California San Diego , La Jolla, California 92093, United States.
authors.forename: Xiaolei
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: Department of Nanoengineering, University of California San Diego , La Jolla, California 92093, United States.
authors.forename: Weiwei
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Gao
authors.affiliation: Department of Nanoengineering, University of California San Diego , La Jolla, California 92093, United States.
authors.forename: Liangfang
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: Department of Nanoengineering, University of California San Diego , La Jolla, California 92093, United States.
authors.forename: Joseph
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Wang
keywords: active delivery; biodistribution; gastrointestinal tract; micromotor; pH-responsive polymer