title: Assessment of the effects of Cu and Ag in oysters Crassostrea gigas (Thunberg, 1793) using a battery of cell and tissue level biomarkers.
abstract: Oysters are considered sentinel organisms in environmental water quality monitoring programs in which cell and tissue level biomarkers are reliable tools. Copper (Cu) and silver (Ag) are present in relatively high concentrations in several estuaries, potentially affecting environmental and human health. Crassostrea gigas oysters were exposed during 28 days to a range of environmentally relevant concentrations of Cu and Ag alone or in mixture. Effects were studied through cell and tissue level biomarkers approach. Results indicated: changes in the Condition Index (CI), altered digestive gland epithelium and presence of histopathological alterations in the gonad and digestive gland of exposed oysters. A time-dependent increase in lipofuscin contents in exposed oysters and an increase in intralysosomal metal accumulation in digestive cells through the experiment were also recorded. The Integrative Biological Response (IBR) Index showed that even at low exposure levels, Ag and Cu can produce alterations on oysters' health status.
authors.affiliation: CBET Research Grp, Dept Zoology and Animal Cell Biology, Sci and Technol Fac and Research Centre for Experimental Marine Biology and Biotechnology (PIE-UPV/EHU), University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), PO Box 644, E-48080 Bilbao, Basque Country, Spain; Université de Bordeaux, UMR 5805 EPOC, Allée Geoffroy St. Hilaire, CS50023, 33615 Pessac, France. Electronic address: ane.rementeria@ehu.eus.
authors.forename: Ane
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Rementeria
authors.affiliation: Université de Bordeaux, UMR 5805 EPOC, Allée Geoffroy St. Hilaire, CS50023, 33615 Pessac, France. Electronic address: mathilde.mikolaczyk@u-bordeaux.fr.
authors.forename: Mathilde
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Mikolaczyk
authors.affiliation: Université de Bordeaux, UMR 5805 EPOC, Allée Geoffroy St. Hilaire, CS50023, 33615 Pessac, France. Electronic address: laurent.lanceleur@univ-pau.fr.
authors.forename: Laurent
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Lanceleur
authors.affiliation: Université de Bordeaux, UMR 5805 EPOC, Allée Geoffroy St. Hilaire, CS50023, 33615 Pessac, France. Electronic address: gerard.blanc@u-bordeaux.fr.
authors.forename: Gérard
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Blanc
authors.affiliation: CBET Research Grp, Dept Zoology and Animal Cell Biology, Sci and Technol Fac and Research Centre for Experimental Marine Biology and Biotechnology (PIE-UPV/EHU), University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), PO Box 644, E-48080 Bilbao, Basque Country, Spain. Electronic address: manu.soto@ehu.eus.
authors.forename: Manu
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Soto
authors.affiliation: Université de Bordeaux, UMR 5805 EPOC, Allée Geoffroy St. Hilaire, CS50023, 33615 Pessac, France. Electronic address: jorg.schafer@u-bordeaux.fr.
authors.forename: Jörg
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Schäfer
authors.affiliation: CBET Research Grp, Dept Zoology and Animal Cell Biology, Sci and Technol Fac and Research Centre for Experimental Marine Biology and Biotechnology (PIE-UPV/EHU), University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), PO Box 644, E-48080 Bilbao, Basque Country, Spain. Electronic address: benat.zaldibar@ehu.eus.
authors.forename: Beñat
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Zaldibar
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000378:metabolism; D003300:Copper / Q000633:toxicity*; D049896:Crassostrea / Q000502:physiology*; D004784:Environmental Monitoring / Q000379:methods*; D063366:Estuaries; D012834:Silver / Q000633:toxicity*; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical / Q000633:toxicity*
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical; D012834:Silver; D003300:Copper
keywords: Biomarker; Crassostrea gigas; Ecotoxicology; Heavy metals; Integrative biological response