title: Cerebrospinal Fluid Stanniocalcin-1 as a Biomarker for Alzheimer's Disease and Other Neurodegenerative Disorders.
abstract: Stanniocalcin-1 (STC-1) is a nerve cell-enriched protein involved in intracellular calcium homeostasis regulation. Changes in calcium regulation are hypothesized to play a role in the pathophysiology of Alzheimer's disease (AD). The expression of STC-1 increases in response to ischemic stroke, but whether it is altered in neurodegenerative disorder, particularly Alzheimer's disease (AD), has not been investigated before. We measured STC-1 in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) samples from a total of 163 individuals including AD, prodromal AD (pAD), mixed AD, stable mild cognitive impairment (sMCI), and diagnoses of other dementia than AD, as well as cognitively normal controls (CNC) enrolled at academic centers in France and Sweden. STC-1 concentration was reliably measureable in all CSF samples and was significantly increased in the initial exploratory cohort of neurochemically enriched AD patients versus AD biomarker-negative controls. In the second cohort, STC-1 was increased in AD versus pAD, and other dementia disorders, but the difference was not statistically significant. In the third cohort, there was no significant difference in STC-1 concentration between AD and CNC; however, STC-1 concentration was significantly decreased in patients with other dementia disorders compared with AD and CNC. Taken together, CSF STC-1 showed an increasing trend in AD, but the findings were not consistent across the three study cohorts. In contrast, CSF STC-1 concentrations were reduced in patients with dementia diagnoses other than AD, as compared with both AD patients and CNC. The findings from these studies suggest CSF STC-1 as a potential biomarker in differential diagnosis of dementias.
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, The Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, Mölndal Hospital, 43180, Mölndal, Sweden. pashtun.shahim@neuro.gu.se.|Clinical Neurochemistry Laboratory, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Mölndal, Sweden. pashtun.shahim@neuro.gu.se.
authors.forename: Pashtun
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Shahim
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, The Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, Mölndal Hospital, 43180, Mölndal, Sweden.|Clinical Neurochemistry Laboratory, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Mölndal, Sweden.
authors.forename: Kaj
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Blennow
authors.affiliation: Department of Neuropsychiatry, Skaraborg Hospital, Falköping, Sweden.|Institute of Medicine, The Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden.
authors.forename: Per
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Johansson
authors.affiliation: Institute of Medicine, The Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden.|Department of Endocrinology, Skaraborg Hospital, 541 85, Skövde, Sweden.
authors.forename: Johan
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Svensson
authors.affiliation: AXA Research Fund & UPMC Chair, Paris, France.|IHU-A-ICM-Paris Institute of Translational Neurosciences, Pitié-Salpêtrière University Hospital, Paris, France.
authors.forename: Simone
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Lista
authors.affiliation: AXA Research Fund & UPMC Chair, Paris, France.|Sorbonne Universities, Pierre and Marie Curie University, Paris 06, Institute of Memory and Alzheimer's Disease (IM2A) & Brain and Spine Institute (ICM) UMR S 1127, Department of Neurology, Pitié-Salpêtrière University Hospital, Paris, France.
authors.forename: Harald
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Hampel
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathology, Haartman Institute, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.
authors.forename: Leif Christer
authors.initials: LC
authors.lastname: Andersson
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, The Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, Mölndal Hospital, 43180, Mölndal, Sweden.|Clinical Neurochemistry Laboratory, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Mölndal, Sweden.|Department of Molecular Neuroscience, UCL Institute of Neurology, London, WC1N1PJ, UK.
authors.forename: Henrik
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Zetterberg
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000544:Alzheimer Disease / Q000134:cerebrospinal fluid*; D016229:Amyloid beta-Peptides / Q000134:cerebrospinal fluid; D001057:Apolipoproteins E / Q000235:genetics; D015415:Biomarkers; D060825:Cognitive Dysfunction / Q000134:cerebrospinal fluid; D015331:Cohort Studies; D003704:Dementia / Q000134:cerebrospinal fluid; D005260:Female; D005838:Genotype; D006023:Glycoproteins / Q000134:cerebrospinal fluid*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D019636:Neurodegenerative Diseases / Q000134:cerebrospinal fluid; D010446:Peptide Fragments / Q000134:cerebrospinal fluid; D016875:tau Proteins / Q000134:cerebrospinal fluid
chemical_list: D016229:Amyloid beta-Peptides; C000612345:ApoE protein, human; D001057:Apolipoproteins E; D015415:Biomarkers; D006023:Glycoproteins; C054369:MAPT protein, human; D010446:Peptide Fragments; C075222:amyloid beta-protein (1-42); D016875:tau Proteins; C051795:teleocalcin
keywords: AD; Alzheimer’s disease; Biomarker; CSF; Neurodegeneration; STC-1; Stanniocalcin