title: Association between Dietary Inflammatory Index and Gastric Cancer Risk in an Italian Case-Control Study.
abstract: In this study, we explored the association between the dietary inflammatory index (DII) and gastric cancer risk in an Italian case-control study.
  
  
  
  Cases were 230 patients with incident, histologically confirmed cases of gastric cancer from the Greater Milan area, Northern Italy. Controls were 547 frequency-matched subjects admitted to the same network of hospitals as cases for a wide spectrum of acute, non-neoplastic conditions. The DII was computed using a reproducible and valid 78-item food frequency questionnaire. Odds ratios (ORs) were estimated through logistic regression models conditioned on age and sex and adjusted for recognized confounding factors, including total energy intake.
  
  
  
  Subjects with the most pro-inflammatory diet had a higher risk of gastric cancer compared to subjects with the most anti-inflammatory diet (ORQuartile4vs1= 2.35, 95% confidence interval, 1.32, 4.20; P-trend = 0.004).
  
  
  
  These results indicate that a pro-inflammatory diet, as indicated by higher DII score, was associated with increased risk of gastric cancer.
authors.affiliation: a Cancer Prevention and Control Program , University of South Carolina , Columbia , South Carolina , USA.|b Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics , Arnold School of Public Health, University of South Carolina , Columbia , South Carolina , USA.|c Connecting Health Innovations LLC , Columbia , South Carolina , USA.
authors.forename: Nitin
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Shivappa
authors.affiliation: a Cancer Prevention and Control Program , University of South Carolina , Columbia , South Carolina , USA.|b Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics , Arnold School of Public Health, University of South Carolina , Columbia , South Carolina , USA.|c Connecting Health Innovations LLC , Columbia , South Carolina , USA.|d Department of Family and Preventive Medicine , University of South Carolina School of Medicine , Columbia , South Carolina , USA.
authors.forename: James R
authors.initials: JR
authors.lastname: Hébert
authors.affiliation: e Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health . Università degli Studi di Milano , Milan , Italy.
authors.forename: Monica
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Ferraroni
authors.affiliation: e Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health . Università degli Studi di Milano , Milan , Italy.
authors.forename: Carlo
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: La Vecchia
authors.affiliation: e Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health . Università degli Studi di Milano , Milan , Italy.
authors.forename: Marta
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Rossi
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D004032:Diet / Q000009:adverse effects*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007249:Inflammation / Q000150:complications*; D007558:Italy; D016015:Logistic Models; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D016017:Odds Ratio; D013274:Stomach Neoplasms / Q000209:etiology*; D055815:Young Adult