title: A comparison between endoscopic ultrasound-guided rendezvous and percutaneous biliary drainage after failed ERCP for malignant distal biliary obstruction.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Selective biliary cannulation is unsuccessful in 5 % to 10 % of patients undergoing endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) for malignant distal biliary obstruction (MDBO). Percutaneous biliary drainage (PBD) has been the gold standard, but endoscopic ultrasound guided rendezvous (EUSr) have been increasingly used for biliary decompression in this patient population. Our aim was to compare the initial success rate, long-term efficacy, and safety of PBD and EUSr in relieving MDBO after failed ERC Patients and methods: A retrospective study involving 50 consecutive patients who had an initial failed ERCP for MDBO. Twenty-five patients undergoing EUSr between 2008 - 2014 were compared to 25 patients who underwent PBD immediately prior to the introduction of EUSr at our center (2002 - 2008). Comparisons were made between the two groups with regard to technical success, duration of hospital stay and adverse event rates after biliary decompression.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The mean age at presentation was 66.5 (± 12.6 years), 28 patients (54.9 %) were female. The etiology of MDBO was pancreaticobiliary malignancy in 44 (88 %) and metastatic disease in 6 (12 %) cases. Biliary drainage was technically successful by EUSr in 19 (76 %) cases and by PBD in 25 (100 %) (P = 0.002). Median length of hospital stay after initial drainage was 1 day in the EUSr group vs 5 days in PBD group (P = 0.02). Repeat biliary intervention was required for 4 patients in the EUSr group and 15 in the PBD group (P = 0.001).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Initial technical success with EUSr was significantly lower than with PBD, however when EUSr was successful, patients had a significantly shorter post-procedure hospital stay and required fewer follow-up biliary interventions. Meeting presentations: Annual Digestive Diseases Week 2015.
authors.affiliation: Division of Gastroenterology, Washington University School of Medicine in St Louis, Missouri, United States.
authors.forename: Jason G
authors.initials: JG
authors.lastname: Bill
authors.affiliation: Division of Interventional Radiology, Washington University School of Medicine in St Louis, Missouri, United States.
authors.forename: Michael
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Darcy
authors.affiliation: Division of Gastroenterology, Washington University School of Medicine in St Louis, Missouri, United States.
authors.forename: Larissa L
authors.initials: LL
authors.lastname: Fujii-Lau
authors.affiliation: Division of Gastroenterology, Washington University School of Medicine in St Louis, Missouri, United States.
authors.forename: Daniel K
authors.initials: DK
authors.lastname: Mullady
authors.affiliation: Division of Gastroenterology, Washington University School of Medicine in St Louis, Missouri, United States.
authors.forename: Srinivas
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Gaddam
authors.affiliation: Division of Gastroenterology, Washington University School of Medicine in St Louis, Missouri, United States.
authors.forename: Faris M
authors.initials: FM
authors.lastname: Murad
authors.affiliation: Division of Gastroenterology, Washington University School of Medicine in St Louis, Missouri, United States.
authors.forename: Dayna S
authors.initials: DS
authors.lastname: Early
authors.affiliation: Division of Gastroenterology, Washington University School of Medicine in St Louis, Missouri, United States.
authors.forename: Steven A
authors.initials: SA
authors.lastname: Edmundowicz
authors.affiliation: Division of Gastroenterology, Washington University School of Medicine in St Louis, Missouri, United States.
authors.forename: Vladimir M
authors.initials: VM
authors.lastname: Kushnir