title: Positive parenting for healthy living (Triple P) for parents of children with type 1 diabetes: protocol of a randomised controlled trial.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Type 1 diabetes is a serious, life-long condition which causes major health, social and economic burden for children, their families and the community. Diabetes management involves strict adherence to a complex regimen, and poor management and non-adherence are a persistent problem among children. Parent-child interactions and parenting have been identified as crucial points of intervention to support children's health and emotional well-being, yet few parenting interventions have been developed or evaluated for parents of young children. This paper describes a randomised controlled trial of a brief, group-based parenting intervention for parents of young children (2-10 years) with type 1 diabetes compared against care as usual (CAU).
  
  
  METHODS
  Families will be randomised to either Positive Parenting for Healthy Living Triple P or CAU. Positive Parenting for Healthy Living Triple P involves 2 × 2 h group sessions. Outcomes will be assessed via parent and child questionnaire, home observations and blood glucose monitoring at baseline, 1-month and 6-months post-intervention. Primary outcomes will be parent- and child-reported parenting behaviour, parent-reported child behaviour and adjustment, and parent-reported child quality-of-life. Secondary outcomes will include parental self-efficacy with diabetes management, illness-specific and general parenting stress, parent-reported child illness behaviour, family quality-of-life, observed parenting and child behaviour, and child's illness control.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The theoretical background, study hypotheses, methods and planned analyses are discussed.
  
  
  BACKGROUND
  Australian New Zealand Clinical Trials Registry: ACTRN12613001281785 . Registered 20 November, 2013.
authors.affiliation: Parenting and Family Support Centre, School of Psychology, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, 4072, Australia.
authors.forename: Aditi
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Lohan
authors.affiliation: Parenting and Family Support Centre, School of Psychology, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, 4072, Australia.
authors.forename: Amy E
authors.initials: AE
authors.lastname: Mitchell
authors.affiliation: Parenting and Family Support Centre, School of Psychology, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, 4072, Australia.|Center for Self-Report Science, Center for Social & Economic Research, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, USA.
authors.forename: Ania
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Filus
authors.affiliation: Parenting and Family Support Centre, School of Psychology, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, 4072, Australia.
authors.forename: Kate
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Sofronoff
authors.affiliation: Parenting and Family Support Centre, School of Psychology, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, 4072, Australia. alina@psy.uq.edu.au.
authors.forename: Alina
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Morawska
keywords: Child behaviour; Parenting; Parenting intervention; Protocol; Randomised controlled trial; Self-efficacy; Type 1 diabetes