title: Effects of copper on the abundance and diversity of ammonia oxidizers during dairy cattle manure composting.
abstract: This study investigated the effects of adding Cu(II) at two exposure levels (50 and 500mgkg-1, i.e., Cu50 and Cu500 treatments, respectively) on the activity of ammonia-oxidizing microorganisms during dairy cattle manure composting. The results showed that the pH, NH4+-N, NO3--N, and potential ammonia oxidation values were inhibited significantly by the addition of Cu(II). Furthermore, the abundances of the ammonia-oxidizing archaea (AOA) amoA gene and ammonia-oxidizing bacteria (AOB) amoA gene were determined by quantitative PCR, and their compositions were evaluated by denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE). AOA was the dominant ammonia oxidizing microorganism, of which the abundance was much higher than AOB during composting. Cu50 and Cu500 had significant inhibitory effects on the abundance of the amoA gene. The DGGE profile and statistical analysis showed that Cu(II) changed the AOA and AOB community structure and diversity, where Nitrosomonas and Crenarchaeota dominated throughout the composting process.
authors.affiliation: College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China.
authors.forename: Yanan
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Yin
authors.affiliation: College of Science, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China.
authors.forename: Wen
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Song
authors.affiliation: College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China. Electronic address: gujie205@sina.com.
authors.forename: Jie
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Gu
authors.affiliation: College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China.
authors.forename: Kaiyu
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China.
authors.forename: Xun
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Qian
authors.affiliation: College of Science, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China.
authors.forename: Xin
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China.
authors.forename: Yajun
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China.
authors.forename: Yang
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China.
authors.forename: Xiaojuan
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Wang
mesh_terms: D000641:Ammonia / Q000378:metabolism*; D000818:Animals; D001105:Archaea / Q000187:drug effects / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D001419:Bacteria / Q000187:drug effects / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D044822:Biodiversity; D002417:Cattle; D003300:Copper / Q000494:pharmacology*; D003612:Dairying; D058645:Denaturing Gradient Gel Electrophoresis; D005786:Gene Expression Regulation / Q000187:drug effects; D006863:Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; D008372:Manure / Q000382:microbiology*; D059013:Microbial Consortia / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000235:genetics; D009566:Nitrates / Q000378:metabolism; D009584:Nitrogen / Q000378:metabolism; D010084:Oxidation-Reduction; D012987:Soil; D012988:Soil Microbiology
chemical_list: D008372:Manure; D009566:Nitrates; D012987:Soil; D000641:Ammonia; D003300:Copper; D009584:Nitrogen
keywords: Ammonia-oxidizing archaea; Ammonia-oxidizing bacteria; Composting; Copper; amoA gene