title: Cross sectional and nuclear medicine imaging of pancreatic insulinomas.
abstract: Insulinomas are rare neuroendocrine tumors which occur predominantly in the pancreas. Although majority of the insulinomas are benign, over-secretion of insulin by the tumor leads to debilitating hypoglycemic symptoms. The diagnosis is based on clinical and biochemical findings. After the diagnosis is made, the principal challenge lies in locating the tumor because most tumors are solitary and small in size. Locating the tumor is of paramount importance as complete surgical excision is the only curative treatment, and incomplete resection leads to persistence of symptoms. Different preoperative and intraoperative imaging techniques have been used with varying success rates for the insulinoma imaging. Besides localizing the tumor, imaging also helps to guide biopsy, detect metastatic lesions, and perform image-guided therapeutic procedures. This review will discuss the role of different Cross sectional and nuclear medicine imaging modalities in insulinomas.
authors.affiliation: Department of Diagnostic Radiology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA. sampanna905@hotmail.com.
authors.forename: Sampanna Jung
authors.initials: SJ
authors.lastname: Rayamajhi
authors.affiliation: Division of Internal Medicine, Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, & Nutrition, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe Blvd, Unit Number: 1466, Houston, TX, 77030, USA.
authors.forename: Jeff
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.affiliation: Department of Nuclear Medicine and PET, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Sector 12, 160012, Chandigarh, India.
authors.forename: Bhagwant Rai
authors.initials: BR
authors.lastname: Mittal
authors.affiliation: Division of Diagnostic Imaging, Department of Nuclear Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, P.O. Box 3014702, TX, 77230-1402, USA.
authors.forename: Aaron Craig
authors.initials: AC
authors.lastname: Jessop
authors.affiliation: Division of Diagnostic Imaging, Department of Nuclear Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Unit Number: 1483, Room Number: FCT16.5088, Houston, TX, 77030, USA.
authors.forename: Beth
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Chasen
authors.affiliation: Division of Diagnostic Imaging, Department of Diagnostic Radiology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA.
authors.forename: Priya
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Bhosale
mesh_terms: D003287:Contrast Media; D006801:Humans; D061705:Image-Guided Biopsy; D007340:Insulinoma / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D010190:Pancreatic Neoplasms / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D019275:Radiopharmaceuticals
chemical_list: D003287:Contrast Media; D019275:Radiopharmaceuticals
keywords: 68Ga-DOTATATE; 68Ga-exendin; Endoscopic ultrasonography; Insulinoma; Nuclear medicine imaging