title: Protective Effects on Central Nervous System by Acidic Polysaccharide of Panax ginseng in Relapse-Remitting Experimental Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis-Induced SJL/J Mice.
abstract: Bearing pathologic and clinical similarities to human multiple sclerosis (MS), experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) is used as a murine model to test potential therapeutic agents for MS. Recently, we reported the protective effects of an acidic polysaccharide of Panax ginseng (APG) in C57BL/6 strain-dependent EAE, a model of primary progressive MS. In this study, we extend our previous findings on the therapeutic capacity of APG in relapsing-remitting EAE (rr-EAE), the animal model to closely mimic recurrent inflammatory demyelination lesions of relapsing-remitting MS. Treatments with APG led to a significant reduction of clinical symptoms and the relapse rate of EAE than vehicle treatments. Consistent with this, histological examination revealed that APG markedly modulated the infiltration of CD4[Formula: see text] T cells and CD11b[Formula: see text] macrophages into the spinal cord and the APG-treated CNS was devoid of demyelination and axonal damages. In addition, APG decreased the proliferation of peripheral PLP-reactive T cells and the production of pro-inflammatory factors such as IFN-[Formula: see text], IL-17 and TNF-[Formula: see text]. The fact that APG can induce clinically beneficial effects to distinct types of EAE furthers our understanding on the basis of its immunosuppression in EAE and, possibly, in MS. Our results suggest that APG may serve as a new therapeutic agent for MS as well as other human autoimmune diseases, and warrants continued evaluation for its translation into therapeutic application.
authors.affiliation: * College of Veterinary Medicine, Jeju National University, Jeju 63243, South Korea.
authors.forename: So Jin
authors.initials: SJ
authors.lastname: Bing
authors.affiliation: * College of Veterinary Medicine, Jeju National University, Jeju 63243, South Korea.
authors.forename: Danbee
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Ha
authors.affiliation: * College of Veterinary Medicine, Jeju National University, Jeju 63243, South Korea.
authors.forename: Insun
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Hwang
authors.affiliation: * College of Veterinary Medicine, Jeju National University, Jeju 63243, South Korea.
authors.forename: Eunjin
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Park
authors.affiliation: § Department of Marine Bio-Food Sciences, Chonnam National University, Yeosu 59626, South Korea.
authors.forename: Ginnae
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Ahn
authors.affiliation: ¶ Division of Radiation Cancer Research, Korea Institute of Radiological and Medical Sciences, Seoul 01812, South Korea.
authors.forename: Jie-Young
authors.initials: JY
authors.lastname: Song
authors.affiliation: * College of Veterinary Medicine, Jeju National University, Jeju 63243, South Korea.|† Department of Advanced Convergence Technology and Science, Jeju National University, Jeju 63243, South Korea.|‡ Veterinary Medical Research Institute, Jeju National University, Jeju 63243, South Korea.
authors.forename: Youngheun
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Jee
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D039481:CD11b Antigen; D015496:CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes / Q000276:immunology; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D003711:Demyelinating Diseases; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D004681:Encephalomyelitis, Autoimmune, Experimental / Q000188:drug therapy*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008264:Macrophages / Q000276:immunology; D008810:Mice, Inbred C57BL; D009103:Multiple Sclerosis / Q000188:drug therapy; D005894:Panax / Q000737:chemistry*; D008517:Phytotherapy; D011134:Polysaccharides / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000494:pharmacology* / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D012008:Recurrence; D013116:Spinal Cord / Q000276:immunology / Q000473:pathology
chemical_list: D039481:CD11b Antigen; D011134:Polysaccharides
keywords: Acidic Polysaccharide; Experimental Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis; Ginsan; Multiple Sclerosis Model; Panax ginseng; SJL/J Mice