title: Maternal and Paternal Distress and Coping Over Time Following Pediatric Traumatic Brain Injury.
abstract: Examine differences in maternal and paternal coping and distress following traumatic brain injury (TBI) and orthopedic injuries (OI).
  
  
  
  Concurrent cohort/prospective design with five assessments between 1 and an average of 7 years after injury of children aged 3-6 years hospitalized for TBI ( n  = 87) or OI ( n  = 119). Mixed models analyses were used to examine hypotheses.
  
  
  
  Overall, fathers reported greater depression and general distress than mothers 18 months after injury, but not at long-term follow-up. Active and acceptance coping were unrelated to parental sex, injury factors, or time since injury. A group × rater × time interaction was noted for Denial coping. Following severe TBI, fathers reported greater denial at 18 months, whereas mothers reported greater denial at the long-term follow-up. Denial coping did not differ between mothers and fathers following OI and moderate TBI.
  
  
  
  Parental response to early TBI is complex and may warrant clinical intervention even years after injury.
authors.affiliation: Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA.
authors.forename: Megan E
authors.initials: ME
authors.lastname: Narad
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychology, Alberta Children's Hospital Research Institute, Hotchkiss Brain Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada.
authors.forename: Keith O
authors.initials: KO
authors.lastname: Yeates
authors.affiliation: Rainbow Babies & Children's Hospital, University Hospitals Case Medical Center, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, USA.
authors.forename: H Gerry
authors.initials: HG
authors.lastname: Taylor
authors.affiliation: MetroHealth Medical Center, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, USA.
authors.forename: Terry
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Stancin
authors.affiliation: Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA.
authors.forename: Shari L
authors.initials: SL
authors.lastname: Wade
mesh_terms: D000223:Adaptation, Psychological; D001930:Brain Injuries / Q000523:psychology*; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D015331:Cohort Studies; D005220:Fathers / Q000523:psychology* / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D009035:Mothers / Q000523:psychology* / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012720:Severity of Illness Index; D013315:Stress, Psychological / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000523:psychology*; D013995:Time
keywords: accidents and injuries; children; coping; parent stress