title: Symptoms and Functional Limitations in the First Year Following a Myocardial Infarction: A Qualitative Study.
abstract: This qualitative interview study was designed to highlight the symptoms and functional limitations experienced by patients in the year following a myocardial infarction (MI). This information can support the use or development of patient-reported outcome (PRO) instruments in the post-MI population.
  
  
  
  Individual face-to-face interviews were conducted with 38 participants who had experienced an MI (with or without ST segment elevation) within the past month to <6 months (n = 17), or 6 months to ≤12 months (n = 21). Using content and thematic analysis, patient reports of symptoms and functional limitations were coded and then grouped into categories. The specific content and frequency of the symptom and functional limitation reports were summarized.
  
  
  
  Nearly half of all symptom expressions were related to fatigue. Within this fatigue category, patients reported experiencing general tiredness, as well as a loss of physical energy, mental energy, and/or motivation. Chest pain and discomfort, sleep disruption, and shortness of breath were also frequently reported. Additionally, patients reported emotional effects, including worry and depression, as well as a negative impact on relationships and social activities.
  
  
  
  Patients reported a wide variety of symptoms and functional limitations after an MI. Fatigue was the most commonly reported symptom and included several specific dimensions related to tiredness. Consideration of these concepts associated with the patient's experience following an MI may yield novel endpoints for use in clinical trials and better therapies.
authors.affiliation: ERT and Brown University, 1 Bucks Trail, Westerly, RI, 02891, USA. chadjg@icloud.com.
authors.forename: Chad
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Gwaltney
authors.affiliation: ERT, Peterborough Business Park, Lynch Wood, Peterborough, PE2 6FZ, UK.
authors.forename: Matthew
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Reaney
authors.affiliation: Adelphi Values, 290 Congress Street, 7th Floor, Boston, MA, 02210, USA.
authors.forename: Meaghan
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Krohe
authors.affiliation: Health Research Associates, 6505 216th St SW, Ste. 105, Mountlake Terrace, WA, 98043, USA.
authors.forename: Mona M
authors.initials: MM
authors.lastname: Martin
authors.affiliation: , 215 West Poplar Avenue, San Mateo, CA, 94402, USA.
authors.forename: Heather
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Falvey
authors.affiliation: Novartis Pharma AG, Basel, Switzerland.
authors.forename: Patrick
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Mollon
mesh_terms: D000223:Adaptation, Psychological; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D002637:Chest Pain / Q000523:psychology*; D003866:Depressive Disorder / Q000523:psychology*; D005221:Fatigue / Q000523:psychology*; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009203:Myocardial Infarction / Q000503:physiopathology* / Q000523:psychology*; D036301:Qualitative Research; D011788:Quality of Life / Q000523:psychology*; D012720:Severity of Illness Index; D013997:Time Factors