title: Circulation of multiple serotypes of highly divergent enterovirus C in the Xinjiang Uighur Autonomous Region of China.
abstract: Poliomyelitis associated with circulating vaccine-derived polioviruses (cVDPVs) is a serious public health issue in the post-eradication era, and the occurrence of recombinant cVDPVs emphasizes the need to elucidate enterovirus C (EV-C) epidemiology. Stool samples were collected from 826 healthy children in Southern Xinjiang in 2011 to investigate EV-C circulation and epidemiology. Thirty-six EV-Cs were isolated and assigned to eight EV-C serotypes by molecular serotyping, suggesting the circulation of diverse EV-Cs in Xinjiang. Phylogenetic analysis showed that the Xinjiang EV-C strains had larger variation compared to the prototype and other modern strains. Additionally, the results showed unique characteristics of Xinjiang EV-Cs, such as the cytopathicity of CV-A1 strains to RD cells; the high divergence in CV-A11, CV-A13, CV-A17, and CV-A20 strains; the divergence of Xinjiang CV-A24 from AHC-related CV-A24 variant stains distributed worldwide; and the circulation of two novel EV-C serotypes (EV-C96 and EV-C99). Evaluations of this dense and diverse EV-C ecosystem will help elucidate the processes shaping enteroviral biodiversity. This study will improve our understanding of the evolution of enteroviruses and the recombination potential between polioviruses and other EV-Cs.
authors.affiliation: WHO WPRO Regional Polio Reference Laboratory and Key Laboratory of Medical Virology and Viral Diseases, National Health and Family Planning Commission of China, National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Yong
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: WHO WPRO Regional Polio Reference Laboratory and Key Laboratory of Medical Virology and Viral Diseases, National Health and Family Planning Commission of China, National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Qiang
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Sun
authors.affiliation: Xinjiang Uighur Autonomous Region Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Urumqi City, Xinjiang Uighur Autonomous Region, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Hui
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Cui
authors.affiliation: WHO WPRO Regional Polio Reference Laboratory and Key Laboratory of Medical Virology and Viral Diseases, National Health and Family Planning Commission of China, National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Dongmei
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Yan
authors.affiliation: WHO WPRO Regional Polio Reference Laboratory and Key Laboratory of Medical Virology and Viral Diseases, National Health and Family Planning Commission of China, National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Qin
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Fan
authors.affiliation: WHO WPRO Regional Polio Reference Laboratory and Key Laboratory of Medical Virology and Viral Diseases, National Health and Family Planning Commission of China, National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Yang
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Song
authors.affiliation: WHO WPRO Regional Polio Reference Laboratory and Key Laboratory of Medical Virology and Viral Diseases, National Health and Family Planning Commission of China, National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Shuangli
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Zhu
authors.affiliation: WHO WPRO Regional Polio Reference Laboratory and Key Laboratory of Medical Virology and Viral Diseases, National Health and Family Planning Commission of China, National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Xiaolei
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: WHO WPRO Regional Polio Reference Laboratory and Key Laboratory of Medical Virology and Viral Diseases, National Health and Family Planning Commission of China, National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Guohong
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Huang
authors.affiliation: WHO WPRO Regional Polio Reference Laboratory and Key Laboratory of Medical Virology and Viral Diseases, National Health and Family Planning Commission of China, National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Tianjiao
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Ji
authors.affiliation: WHO WPRO Regional Polio Reference Laboratory and Key Laboratory of Medical Virology and Viral Diseases, National Health and Family Planning Commission of China, National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Lan
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Hu
authors.affiliation: WHO WPRO Regional Polio Reference Laboratory and Key Laboratory of Medical Virology and Viral Diseases, National Health and Family Planning Commission of China, National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Dongyan
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: WHO WPRO Regional Polio Reference Laboratory and Key Laboratory of Medical Virology and Viral Diseases, National Health and Family Planning Commission of China, National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Qian
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.affiliation: WHO WPRO Regional Polio Reference Laboratory and Key Laboratory of Medical Virology and Viral Diseases, National Health and Family Planning Commission of China, National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Wenbo
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Xu
mesh_terms: D036022:Capsid Proteins / Q000737:chemistry / Q000235:genetics; D002681:China / Q000453:epidemiology; D004196:Disease Outbreaks; D030015:Enterovirus C, Human / Q000145:classification* / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology; D004769:Enterovirus Infections / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000517:prevention & control / Q000821:virology*; D006801:Humans; D058889:Molecular Typing; D010802:Phylogeny; D058974:Phylogeography; D017955:Poliovirus / Q000145:classification / Q000276:immunology; D017422:Sequence Analysis, DNA; D016036:Seroepidemiologic Studies; D065288:Serogroup; D014765:Viral Vaccines / Q000276:immunology
chemical_list: D036022:Capsid Proteins; D014765:Viral Vaccines