title: Differences between the behavioral and psychological symptoms of Alzheimer's disease and Parkinson's disease.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  We compared the behavioral and psychological symptoms of Alzheimer's disease (AD) and Parkinson's disease (PD) in order to determine the characteristic features of each disorder.
  
  
  METHODS
  For this retrospective cohort study, we compared the behavioral and psychological symptoms of 288AD patients and 189 PD patients (mean age, 74.6±5.9 and 73.0±8.7years respectively). Symptoms were evaluated using the geriatric depression scale (GDS), apathy scale (AS), and Abe's behavioral and psychological symptoms of dementia score (ABS).
  
  
  RESULTS
  AD patients had higher AS and ABS scores than PD patients. A gender-dependent comparison showed that ABS scores were worse in female AD patients than in female PD patients (p=0.001). A subscale analysis of ABS scores revealed that male AD patients were only significantly different from male PD patients in 1 item, whereas female AD patients were significantly different from female PD patients in 4 items. Among patients with mild cognitive decline, no differences in affective scores were observed. Alternatively, among patients with moderate cognitive decline, affective scores on all 3 scales were worse in PD patients than in AD patients.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The present age- and gender-matched retrospective analysis identified greater behavioral and psychological disease severity in female AD patients relative to female PD patients, and greater affective severity in PD patients versus AD patients with a similar degree of cognitive decline.
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, 2-5-1 Shikata-cho, Kita-ku, Okayama 700-8558, Japan; Department of Occupational Therapy, Okayama Institute for Medical and Technical Sciences, Japan.
authors.forename: Ryo
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Tokuchi
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, 2-5-1 Shikata-cho, Kita-ku, Okayama 700-8558, Japan.
authors.forename: Nozomi
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Hishikawa
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, 2-5-1 Shikata-cho, Kita-ku, Okayama 700-8558, Japan.
authors.forename: Kota
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Sato
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, 2-5-1 Shikata-cho, Kita-ku, Okayama 700-8558, Japan.
authors.forename: Noriko
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Hatanaka
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, 2-5-1 Shikata-cho, Kita-ku, Okayama 700-8558, Japan.
authors.forename: Yusuke
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Fukui
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, 2-5-1 Shikata-cho, Kita-ku, Okayama 700-8558, Japan.
authors.forename: Mami
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Takemoto
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, 2-5-1 Shikata-cho, Kita-ku, Okayama 700-8558, Japan.
authors.forename: Yasuyuki
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Ohta
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, 2-5-1 Shikata-cho, Kita-ku, Okayama 700-8558, Japan.
authors.forename: Toru
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Yamashita
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, 2-5-1 Shikata-cho, Kita-ku, Okayama 700-8558, Japan. Electronic address: pun54yri@s.okayama-u.ac.jp.
authors.forename: Koji
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Abe
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000544:Alzheimer Disease / Q000150:complications*; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D003072:Cognition Disorders / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000209:etiology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D001523:Mental Disorders / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000209:etiology*; D019964:Mood Disorders / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000209:etiology*; D009483:Neuropsychological Tests; D010300:Parkinson Disease / Q000150:complications*; D011569:Psychiatric Status Rating Scales; D018709:Statistics, Nonparametric
keywords: Alzheimer's disease; Behavioral and psychological symptoms; Parkinson's disease