title: Asymptomatic Effluent Protozoa Colonization in Peritoneal Dialysis Patients.
abstract: Currently, chronic kidney disease (CKD) is a global health problem. Considering the impaired immunity of CKD patients, the relevance of infection in peritoneal dialysis (PD), and the increased prevalence of parasites in CKD patients, protozoa colonization was evaluated in PD effluent from CKD patients undergoing PD. Overnight PD effluent was obtained from 49 asymptomatic stable PD patients. Protozoa analysis was performed microscopically by searching cysts and trophozoites in direct wet mount of PD effluent and after staining smears. Protozoa were found in PD effluent of 10.2% of evaluated PD patients, namely Blastocystis hominis, in 2 patients, and Entamoeba sp., Giardia sp., and Endolimax nana in the other 3 patients, respectively. None of these patients presented clinical signs or symptoms of peritonitis at the time of protozoa screening. Our results demonstrate that PD effluent may be susceptible to asymptomatic protozoa colonization. The clinical impact of this finding should be further investigated.
authors.affiliation: i3S - Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal INEB - Instituto de Engenharia Biomédica, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal Serviço de Microbiologia, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal.
authors.forename: Liliana
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Simões-Silva
authors.affiliation: Faculdade de Medicina Dentária, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal.
authors.forename: Inês
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Correia
authors.affiliation: Serviço de Microbiologia, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal CINTESIS, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal.
authors.forename: Joana
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Barbosa
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Nefrologia, Centro Hospitalar de São João, EPE, Porto, Portugal Departamento de Fisiologia e Cirurgia Cardiotorácica, Unidade de I&D Cardiovascular, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal.
authors.forename: Carla
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Santos-Araujo
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Nefrologia, Centro Hospitalar de São João, EPE, Porto, Portugal.
authors.forename: Maria João
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Sousa
authors.affiliation: i3S - Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal INEB - Instituto de Engenharia Biomédica, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal Departamento de Nefrologia, Centro Hospitalar de São João, EPE, Porto, Portugal Departamento de Doenças Renais, Urológicas e Infecciosas, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal.
authors.forename: Manuel
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Pestana
authors.affiliation: i3S - Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal INEB - Instituto de Engenharia Biomédica, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal.
authors.forename: Isabel
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Soares-Silva
authors.affiliation: i3S - Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal INEB - Instituto de Engenharia Biomédica, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal Faculdade de Medicina Dentária, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal bmaia@fmd.up.pt.
authors.forename: Benedita
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Sampaio-Maia
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000977:Antiparasitic Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use; D016845:Blastocystis hominis / Q000302:isolation & purification; D015331:Cohort Studies; D004747:Entamoeba / Q000302:isolation & purification; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D005872:Giardia / Q000302:isolation & purification; D006801:Humans; D015994:Incidence; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010530:Peritoneal Dialysis / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000379:methods; D010531:Peritoneal Dialysis, Continuous Ambulatory / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000379:methods; D010538:Peritonitis / Q000209:etiology / Q000469:parasitology*; D011174:Portugal; D011528:Protozoan Infections / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000209:etiology*; D051436:Renal Insufficiency, Chronic / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000628:therapy*; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D018570:Risk Assessment; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D000977:Antiparasitic Agents
keywords: Blastocystis hominis; Endolimax nana; Entamoeba sp; Giardia sp; Peritoneal dialysis effluent; protozoa colonization