title: Effects of Ultraviolet (UV) on Degradation of Irgafos 168 and Migration of Its Degradation Products from Polypropylene Films.
abstract: The effects of ultraviolet (UV) irradiation on the degradation of Irgafos 168 and the migration of its two degradation products, 2,4-di-tert-butylphenol and tris(2,4-di-tert-butylphenyl)phosphate, from polypropylene (PP) were investigated. A blown film machine was used to extrude PP films containing Irgafos 168, the films were stored in the dark for 45 days, two UV treatments and sunlight exposure were applied to the films, and GC-MS was used for degradation and migration studies. Extrusion, storage, UV treatments, and sunlight exposure significantly affected concentrations of Irgafos 168 and the degradation products. 2,4-Di-tert-butylphenol was the major degradation product produced by UV irradiation, but tris(2,4-di-tert-butylphenyl)phosphate was the major degradation product produced by extrusion, storage, and sunlight exposure. The degradation products have no or little health risk, because migration study and threshold of toxicological concern (TTC) analysis show that experimental maximum migration of 2,4-di-tert-butylphenol and tris(2,4-di-tert-butylphenyl)phosphate are only 2 and 53% of the theoretical maximum migration amounts, respectively.
authors.affiliation: Department of Food Science and Engineering, Jinan University , Guangzhou, Guangdong 510632, China.
authors.forename: Yueping
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.affiliation: Department of Food Science and Engineering, Jinan University , Guangzhou, Guangdong 510632, China.|Key Laboratory of Product Packaging and Logistics of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, Jinan University , Zhuhai, Guangdong 519070, China.
authors.forename: Changying
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Hu
authors.affiliation: Inspection and Quarantine Technology Center, Guangdong Entry-Exit Inspection and Quarantine Bureau , Guangzhou, Guangdong 510623, China.
authors.forename: Huaining
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Zhong
authors.affiliation: Department of Food Science, Rutgers University , New Brunswick, New Jersey 08901, United States.
authors.forename: Xi
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.affiliation: Department of Food Science and Engineering, Jinan University , Guangzhou, Guangdong 510632, China.
authors.forename: Rujia
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.affiliation: Department of Food Science, Rutgers University , New Brunswick, New Jersey 08901, United States.
authors.forename: Kit L
authors.initials: KL
authors.lastname: Yam
keywords: Irgafos 168; UV irradiation; degradation; migration; threshold of toxicological concern