title: Review of quantitative outcome analysis of cranial morphology in craniosynostosis.
abstract: Outcome measures in craniosynostosis surgery have progressed from those based on the need for surgical revision to linear anthropometric measurements, 2D CT vector analysis and 3D CT vector analysis. However, finding an objective means to assess postoperative cranial morphological improvement remains challenging. A critical review of previous studies used to measure craniosynostosis surgery outcomes is presented. We also introduce and briefly discuss the key features of the computational algorithm that is being utilized in our center for evaluating craniosynostosis surgical outcomes. This has addressed a number of the previous challenges encountered in quantitative measurement of cranial morphological change. Point cloud representation and 3D stereophotogrammetry have made it possible to compare pre and post-operative images of children undergoing surgical correction for craniosynostosis. These pre- and post-operative images can also be compared to age, sex and race-matched controls throughout the patient's lifetime allowing longitudinal changes to be measured on follow up.
authors.affiliation: Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, University of Colorado, Department of Surgery, Aurora, CO, United States.
authors.forename: Mark S
authors.initials: MS
authors.lastname: Lloyd
authors.affiliation: Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, University of Colorado, Department of Surgery, Aurora, CO, United States.
authors.forename: Edward P
authors.initials: EP
authors.lastname: Buchanan
authors.affiliation: Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, University of Colorado, Department of Surgery, Aurora, CO, United States. Electronic address: david.khechoyan@childrenscolorado.org.
authors.forename: David Y
authors.initials: DY
authors.lastname: Khechoyan
mesh_terms: D002508:Cephalometry / Q000379:methods; D003393:Cranial Sutures / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D003398:Craniosynostoses / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000601:surgery; D019317:Evidence-Based Medicine; D006801:Humans; D007090:Image Interpretation, Computer-Assisted; D007091:Image Processing, Computer-Assisted; D021621:Imaging, Three-Dimensional; D010780:Photogrammetry / Q000379:methods; D012015:Reference Standards; D015203:Reproducibility of Results
keywords: Craniosynostosis; Outcome measures; Point cloud representation; Stereophotogrammetry