title: The moderating effect of religiosity on caregiving burden and depressive symptoms in caregivers of patients with dementia.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  This study explored whether religiosity/spirituality has a protective role against negative caregiving outcomes, in a large multicenter nationwide sample of caregivers of patients with dementia in South Korea. Additionally, this study was the first to examine whether religiosity/spirituality could affect caregiving outcomes according to the various religious affiliations of caregivers.
  
  
  METHODS
  The study was conducted on a sample of 476 caregivers of patients with dementia participated in the Clinical Research Center for Dementia of South Korea (CREDOS). We examined the moderating effect of each of the three dimensions of religiosity/spirituality (organizational religious activity, ORA; non-organizational religious activity, NORA; intrinsic religiosity, IR) on the relationship between activities of daily living (ADL) of patients with dementia and caregiving burden and depressive symptoms of caregivers, using a series of hierarchical regression analyses. In addition, these analyses were conducted according to the religious affiliations of the caregivers.
  
  
  RESULTS
  ORA, NORA, and IR of religiosity/spirituality alleviated the effect of ADL of patients on caregiving burden. ORA and IR moderated the relationship between ADL of patients and depressive symptoms of caregivers. These moderating effects of religiosity on caregiving outcomes were different according to various religious groups.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  We have identified religiosity/spirituality as a protective factor for caregivers of patients with dementia. The sub-dimensions of religiosity as moderators were different by religious affiliations of caregivers. Further studies are needed to investigate the specific religiosity-related factors which could positively impact the mental health of the caregivers of patients with dementia by religions.
authors.affiliation: a Department of Psychiatry, Chuncheon Sacred Heart Hospital , Hallym University College of Medicine , Chuncheon , South Korea.|b Institute for Skeletal Aging, Chuncheon Sacred Heart Hospital , Hallym University College of Medicine , Chuncheon , South Korea.
authors.forename: Kyung Hee
authors.initials: KH
authors.lastname: Yoon
authors.affiliation: a Department of Psychiatry, Chuncheon Sacred Heart Hospital , Hallym University College of Medicine , Chuncheon , South Korea.|b Institute for Skeletal Aging, Chuncheon Sacred Heart Hospital , Hallym University College of Medicine , Chuncheon , South Korea.
authors.forename: Yoo Sun
authors.initials: YS
authors.lastname: Moon
authors.affiliation: c Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health , Ajou University School of Medicine , Suwon , South Korea.|d Institute on Aging , Ajou University Medical Center , Suwon , South Korea.
authors.forename: Yunhwan
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.affiliation: e Department of Neurology , Inha University School of Medicine , Incheon , South Korea.
authors.forename: Seong Hye
authors.initials: SH
authors.lastname: Choi
authors.affiliation: d Institute on Aging , Ajou University Medical Center , Suwon , South Korea.|f Department of Neurology , Ajou University School of Medicine , South Korea.
authors.forename: So Young
authors.initials: SY
authors.lastname: Moon
authors.affiliation: g Department of Neurology, Samsung Medical Center , Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine , Seoul , South Korea.|h Neuroscience Center, Samsung Medical Center , Seoul , South Korea.|i Department of Clinical Research Design and Evaluation , SAIHST, Sungkyunkwan University , Seoul , South Korea.
authors.forename: Sang Won
authors.initials: SW
authors.lastname: Seo
authors.affiliation: j Department of Neurology , Dong-A University College of Medicine , Pusan , South Korea.
authors.forename: Kyung Won
authors.initials: KW
authors.lastname: Park
authors.affiliation: k Department of Neurology , Catholic Kwandong University College of Medicine , Gangneung , South Korea.
authors.forename: Bon D
authors.initials: BD
authors.lastname: Ku
authors.affiliation: l Department of Neurology , Myongji Hospital , Goyang , South Korea.
authors.forename: Hyun Jeong
authors.initials: HJ
authors.lastname: Han
authors.affiliation: m Department of Neurology , Gachon University Gil Medical Center , Incheon , South Korea.
authors.forename: Kee Hyung
authors.initials: KH
authors.lastname: Park
authors.affiliation: n Department of Neurology , Konkuk University College of Medicine , Seoul , South Korea.
authors.forename: Seol-Heui
authors.initials: SH
authors.lastname: Han
authors.affiliation: o Department of Neurology , Pusan National University School of Medicine , Pusan , South Korea.
authors.forename: Eun-Joo
authors.initials: EJ
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.affiliation: p Department of Neurology , University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Asan Medical Center , Seoul , South Korea.
authors.forename: Jae-Hong
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.affiliation: q Department of Neurology , Soonchunhyang University Bucheon Hospital, College of Medicine , Bucheon , South Korea.
authors.forename: Sun A
authors.initials: SA
authors.lastname: Park
authors.affiliation: r Department of Neurology , Bucheon St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea , Bucheon , South Korea.
authors.forename: Yong S
authors.initials: YS
authors.lastname: Shim
authors.affiliation: s Department of Neurology , Ilsan Hospital, National Health Insurance Service , Goyang , South Korea.
authors.forename: Jong Hun
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.affiliation: d Institute on Aging , Ajou University Medical Center , Suwon , South Korea.|t Department of Psychiatry , Ajou University School of Medicine , Suwon , South Korea.
authors.forename: Chang Hyung
authors.initials: CH
authors.lastname: Hong
authors.affiliation: g Department of Neurology, Samsung Medical Center , Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine , Seoul , South Korea.|h Neuroscience Center, Samsung Medical Center , Seoul , South Korea.|i Department of Clinical Research Design and Evaluation , SAIHST, Sungkyunkwan University , Seoul , South Korea.
authors.forename: Duk L
authors.initials: DL
authors.lastname: Na
authors.affiliation: u Department of Neurology , Yonsei University College of Medicine , Seoul , South Korea.
authors.forename: Byoung Seok
authors.initials: BS
authors.lastname: Ye
authors.affiliation: g Department of Neurology, Samsung Medical Center , Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine , Seoul , South Korea.|h Neuroscience Center, Samsung Medical Center , Seoul , South Korea.|i Department of Clinical Research Design and Evaluation , SAIHST, Sungkyunkwan University , Seoul , South Korea.
authors.forename: Hee Jin
authors.initials: HJ
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.affiliation: n Department of Neurology , Konkuk University College of Medicine , Seoul , South Korea.
authors.forename: Yeonsil
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Moon
authors.affiliation: b Institute for Skeletal Aging, Chuncheon Sacred Heart Hospital , Hallym University College of Medicine , Chuncheon , South Korea.
authors.forename: Sang Soo
authors.initials: SS
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.affiliation: a Department of Psychiatry, Chuncheon Sacred Heart Hospital , Hallym University College of Medicine , Chuncheon , South Korea.
authors.forename: Do Hoon
authors.initials: DH
authors.lastname: Kim
mesh_terms: D000203:Activities of Daily Living / Q000523:psychology*; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D017028:Caregivers / Q000523:psychology*; D017281:Cost of Illness; D003704:Dementia / Q000451:nursing*; D003863:Depression / Q000523:psychology*; D005190:Family / Q000523:psychology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D056910:Republic of Korea; D029181:Spirituality
keywords: Religiosity; activities of daily living; caregiver; dementia; religion