title: Impact of telephone nursing education program for equity in healthcare.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The Swedish Healthcare Act prescribes that healthcare should be provided according to needs and with respect for each person's human dignity. The goal is equity in health for the whole population. In spite of this, studies have revealed that Swedish healthcare is not always provided equally. This has also been observed in telephone nursing. Therefore, the aim of the present study was to investigate if and how an educational intervention can improve awareness of equity in healthcare among telephone nurses.
  
  
  METHODS
  The study had a quasi-experimental design, with one intervention group and one control group. A base-line measurement was performed before an educational intervention and a follow-up measurement was made afterwards in both groups, using a study specific questionnaire in which fictive persons of different age, gender and ethnicity were assessed concerning, e.g., power over one's own life, quality of life and experience of discrimination. The educational intervention consisted of a web-based lecture, literature and a seminar, covering aspects of inequality in healthcare related to gender, age and ethnicity, and gender and intersectionality theories as explaining models for these conditions.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The results showed few significant differences before and after the intervention in the intervention group. Also in the control group few significant differences were found in the second measurement, although no intervention was performed in that group. The reason might be that the instrument used was not sensitive enough to pick up an expected raised awareness of equity in healthcare, or that solely the act of filling out the questionnaire can create a sort of intervention effect. Fictive persons born in Sweden and of young age were assessed to have a higher Good life-index than the fictive persons born outside Europe and of higher age in all assessments.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The results are an imperative that equity in healthcare still needs to be educated and discussed in different healthcare settings. The intervention and questionnaire were designed to fit telephone nurses, but could easily be adjusted to suit other professional groups, who need to increase their awareness of equity in healthcare.
authors.affiliation: Department of Public Health and Caring Sciences, Box 564, SE-751 22, Uppsala, Sweden. anna.hoglund@crb.uu.se.
authors.forename: Anna T
authors.initials: AT
authors.lastname: Höglund
authors.affiliation: Department of Public Health and Caring Sciences, Box 564, SE-751 22, Uppsala, Sweden.|University of Gävle, 801 76, Gävle, Sweden.
authors.forename: Marianne
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Carlsson
authors.affiliation: Department of Public Health and Caring Sciences, Box 564, SE-751 22, Uppsala, Sweden.|School of health, care and social welfare, Mälardalen University, Box 883, 721 23, Västerås, Sweden.
authors.forename: Inger K
authors.initials: IK
authors.lastname: Holmström
authors.affiliation: Department of Public Health and Caring Sciences, Box 564, SE-751 22, Uppsala, Sweden.|School of health, care and social welfare, Mälardalen University, Box 883, 721 23, Västerås, Sweden.
authors.forename: Elenor
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Kaminsky
keywords: Equity in health; Intersectional perspective; Intervention study; Sweden; Telephone nursing