title: Association between second-hand smoke and psychological well-being amongst non-smoking wageworkers in Republic of Korea.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Worldwide, exposure to second-hand smoke (SHS) has been responsible for more than 0.6 million deaths and 10.9 million disability-adjusted life years (DALYS) lost in never smokers in 2004. The world health organization (WHO) reported smoking-related death of 58,000 per year in South Korea. There is recent emerging evidence of the associations of SHS exposure with anxiety or depression and poor mental health. Although exposure to second-hand smoke (SHS) has been associated with various physical health conditions and mental health, we are unaware of any studies examining its association with psychological well-being as mental factor. This study aimed to investigate the association between self-reported exposure to SHS and well-being among non-smoking wageworkers.
  
  
  METHODS
  The Third Korean Working Conditions Survey (KWCS, 2011) was conducted on a representative sample of economically active population aged 15 years or over, who were either employees or self-employed at the time of interview. In this study, after removing inconsistent data, 19,879 non-smoking wageworkers among 60,054 workers were participated. Psychological well-being was measured through the WHO-Five Well-Being Index (1998 version). Univariate and multiple logistic regression models were used to examine the association of SHS exposure with psychological well-being.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The unadjusted OR of poor psychological well-being (OR: 1.594, 95 % CI: 1.421-1.787) was significantly higher for SHS exposure group compared to non-exposure group. Multiple logistic regression analysis results indicated that these relationships were still significant after adjusting for potential confounders (adjusted OR: 1.330, 95 % CI: 1.178-1.502).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Exposure to SHS was associated with poor well-being measured by the WHO-5 well-being index, indicating the importance of reducing SHS exposure at the workplace for psychological well-being amongst non-smoking wageworkers.
authors.affiliation: Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Inha University Hospital, Incheon, Republic of Korea ; Department of Social and Preventive Medicine, School of Medicine, Inha University, Incheon, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Seong-Jin
authors.initials: SJ
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.affiliation: Department of Social and Preventive Medicine, School of Medicine, Inha University, Incheon, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Dirga Kumar
authors.initials: DK
authors.lastname: Lamichhane
authors.affiliation: Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Inha University Hospital, Incheon, Republic of Korea ; Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, School of Medicine, Inha University, Incheon, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Shin-Goo
authors.initials: SG
authors.lastname: Park
authors.affiliation: Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Inha University Hospital, Incheon, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Bum-Joon
authors.initials: BJ
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.affiliation: Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Inha University Hospital, Incheon, Republic of Korea ; Department of Social and Preventive Medicine, School of Medicine, Inha University, Incheon, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: So-Hyun
authors.initials: SH
authors.lastname: Moon
authors.affiliation: Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Inha University Hospital, Incheon, Republic of Korea ; Department of Social and Preventive Medicine, School of Medicine, Inha University, Incheon, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Sung-Min
authors.initials: SM
authors.lastname: Park
authors.affiliation: Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Inha University Hospital, Incheon, Republic of Korea ; Department of Social and Preventive Medicine, School of Medicine, Inha University, Incheon, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Hyun-Suk
authors.initials: HS
authors.lastname: Jang
authors.affiliation: Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Inha University Hospital, Incheon, Republic of Korea ; Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, School of Medicine, Inha University, Incheon, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Hwan-Cheol
authors.identifier: 0000-0002-3635-1297
authors.initials: HC
authors.lastname: Kim
keywords: Psychological well-being; Second-hand Smoke; WHO-5 index; Wageworkers