title: Transgenic glyphosate-resistant oilseed rape (Brassica napus) as an invasive weed in Argentina: detection, characterization, and control alternatives.
abstract: The presence of glyphosate-resistant oilseed rape populations in Argentina was detected and characterized. The resistant plants were found as weeds in RR soybeans and other fields. The immunological and molecular analysis showed that the accessions presented the GT73 transgenic event. The origin of this event was uncertain, as the cultivation of transgenic oilseed rape cultivars is prohibited in Argentina. This finding might suggest that glyphosate resistance could come from unauthorized transgenic oilseed rape crops cultivated in the country or as seed contaminants in imported oilseed rape cultivars or other seed imports. Experimentation showed that there are alternative herbicides for controlling resistant Brassica napus populations in various situations and crops. AHAS-inhibiting herbicides (imazethapyr, chlorimuron and diclosulam), glufosinate, 2,4-D, fluroxypyr and saflufenacil proved to be very effective in controlling these plants. Herbicides evaluated in this research were employed by farmers in one of the fields invaded with this biotype and monitoring of this field showed no evidence of its presence in the following years.
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Agronomía, Universidad Nacional del Sur, San Andrés 800, 8000, Bahía Blanca, Buenos Aires, Argentina. cpandolfo@cerzos-conicet.gob.ar.|Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Camino La Carrindanga Km 7, 8000, Bahía Blanca, Argentina. cpandolfo@cerzos-conicet.gob.ar.
authors.forename: Claudio E
authors.initials: CE
authors.lastname: Pandolfo
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Agronomía, Universidad Nacional del Sur, San Andrés 800, 8000, Bahía Blanca, Buenos Aires, Argentina.|Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Camino La Carrindanga Km 7, 8000, Bahía Blanca, Argentina.
authors.forename: Alejandro
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Presotto
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Agronomía, Universidad Nacional del Sur, San Andrés 800, 8000, Bahía Blanca, Buenos Aires, Argentina.
authors.forename: Francisco Torres
authors.initials: FT
authors.lastname: Carbonell
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Agronomía, Universidad Nacional del Sur, San Andrés 800, 8000, Bahía Blanca, Buenos Aires, Argentina.|Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Camino La Carrindanga Km 7, 8000, Bahía Blanca, Argentina.
authors.forename: Soledad
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Ureta
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Agronomía, Universidad Nacional del Sur, San Andrés 800, 8000, Bahía Blanca, Buenos Aires, Argentina.|Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Camino La Carrindanga Km 7, 8000, Bahía Blanca, Argentina.
authors.forename: Mónica
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Poverene
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Agronomía, Universidad Nacional del Sur, San Andrés 800, 8000, Bahía Blanca, Buenos Aires, Argentina.|Estación Experimental Agropecuaria Hilario Ascasubi, Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA), Ruta 3 Km 794, 8142, Hilario Ascasubi, Villarino, Argentina.
authors.forename: Miguel
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Cantamutto
mesh_terms: D015084:2,4-Dichlorophenoxyacetic Acid; D001118:Argentina; D029688:Brassica napus / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000235:genetics; D005998:Glycine / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000494:pharmacology; D006540:Herbicides / Q000494:pharmacology*; D058865:Introduced Species; D057685:Plant Weeds / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000235:genetics; D030821:Plants, Genetically Modified / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000235:genetics; D012639:Seeds / Q000187:drug effects; D000097797:Glyphosate
chemical_list: D015084:2,4-Dichlorophenoxyacetic Acid; D005998:Glycine; D006540:Herbicides; D000097797:Glyphosate
keywords: Brassica napus; GMO; GT73; Glyphosate; Invasiveness; Seed contaminants; Transgene escape