title: Biodistribution and Radiation Dosimetry of11C-Nicotine from Whole-Body PET Imaging in Humans.
abstract: This study assessed the in vivo distribution of11C-nicotine and the absorbed radiation dose from whole-body11C-nicotine PET imaging of 11 healthy (5 male and 6 female) subjects.Methods:After an initial CT attenuation scan,11C-nicotine was administered via intravenous injection. A dynamic PET scan was acquired for 90 s with the brain in the field of view, followed by a series of 13 whole-body PET scans acquired over a 90-min period. Regions of interest were drawn over organs visible in the reconstructed PET images. Time-activity curves were generated, and the residence times were calculated. The absorbed radiation dose for the whole body was calculated by entering the residence time in OLINDA/EXM 1.0 software to model the equivalent organ dose and the effective dose for a 70-kg man.Results:The mean residence times for11C-nicotine in the liver, red marrow, brain, and lungs were 0.048 ± 0.010, 0.031 ± 0.005, 0.021 ± 0.004, and 0.020 ± 0.005 h, respectively. The mean effective dose for11C-nicotine was 5.44 ± 0.67 μSv/MBq. The organs receiving the highest absorbed dose from the11C-nicotine injection were the urinary bladder wall (14.68 ± 8.70 μSv/MBq), kidneys (9.56 ± 2.46 μSv/MBq), liver (8.94 ± 1.67 μSv/MBq), and spleen (9.49 ± 3.89 μSv/MBq). The renal and hepatobiliary systems were the major clearance and excretion routes for radioactivity.Conclusion:The estimated radiation dose from11C-nicotine administration is relatively modest and would allow for multiple PET examinations on the same subject.
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, Wake Forest University Health Sciences, Winston Salem, North Carolina; and Biomedical Research Foundation, Shreveport, Louisiana pgarg@biomed.org.
authors.forename: Pradeep K
authors.initials: PK
authors.lastname: Garg
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, Wake Forest University Health Sciences, Winston Salem, North Carolina; and Biomedical Research Foundation, Shreveport, Louisiana.
authors.forename: Stephen J
authors.initials: SJ
authors.lastname: Lokitz
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, Wake Forest University Health Sciences, Winston Salem, North Carolina; and Biomedical Research Foundation, Shreveport, Louisiana.
authors.forename: Rachid
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Nazih
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, Wake Forest University Health Sciences, Winston Salem, North Carolina; and Biomedical Research Foundation, Shreveport, Louisiana.
authors.forename: Sudha
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Garg
mesh_terms: D065638:Absorption, Radiation; D000328:Adult; D002250:Carbon Radioisotopes / Q000493:pharmacokinetics*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008657:Metabolic Clearance Rate; D009538:Nicotine / Q000493:pharmacokinetics*; D009928:Organ Specificity; D049268:Positron-Emission Tomography / Q000379:methods*; D011829:Radiation Dosage; D019275:Radiopharmaceuticals / Q000493:pharmacokinetics; D014018:Tissue Distribution; D051598:Whole Body Imaging / Q000379:methods*; D014915:Whole-Body Counting / Q000379:methods
chemical_list: D002250:Carbon Radioisotopes; D019275:Radiopharmaceuticals; D009538:Nicotine
keywords: 11C nicotine; PET dosimetry; radiation absorbed dose; whole-body PET imaging