title: Neuroprotective effects of methane-rich saline on experimental acute carbon monoxide toxicity.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Methane has been reported to play a protective role in ischemia-reperfusion injury via anti-oxidation, anti-inflammatory and anti-apoptotic activities. This study was designed to determine the protective effects of methane-rich saline (MRS) on acute carbon monoxide (CO) poisoning.
  
  
  METHODS
  A total of 36 male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into 3 groups: sham group, CO group and MRS group. Acute CO poisoning was induced by exposing rats to 1000ppm CO in air for 40min and then to 3000ppm CO for an additional 20min until they lost consciousness. MRS at 10ml/kg was intraperitoneally administered at 0h, 8h and 16h after CO exposure. Rats were sacrificed 24h after CO exposure. Brains were collected for Nissl staining. The cortex and hippocampus were separated for the detections of malondialdehyde (MDA), 3-nitrotyrosine (3-NT), 8-hydroxydeoxyguanosine (8-OHdG), tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interleukin1-β (IL-1β), interleukin-6 (IL-6) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) activities.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The results showed that MRS treatment improved neuronal injury, reduced MDA, 3-NT and 8-OHdG, and increased SOD activity of the hippocampus and cortex compared with normal saline-treated rats. In addition, MRS reduced the expression of TNF-α and IL-1β in the brain but had no effect on IL-6 expression.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These findings suggest that MRS may protect the brain against acute CO poisoning-induced injury via its anti-oxidative and anti-inflammatory activities.
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information Engineering, Ministry of Education, Institute of Mitochondrial Biology and Medicine, Xi'an Jiaotong University, School of Life Science and Technology, Xi'an 710049, PR China; Department of Intensive Care Unit, Shanghai Provincial Corps Hospital, Chinese People's Armed Police Forces, 831 Hongxu Road, Shanghai 201103, PR China.
authors.forename: Meihua
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Shen
authors.affiliation: Department of Hyperbaric Oxygen, Navy General Hospital, No. 6, Fucheng Road, Beijing 100048, PR China.
authors.forename: Danfeng
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Fan
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, The Affiliated Hospital of North China University of Science and Technology, No.57, Jianshe South Road, Tangshan, Hebei 063000, PR China.
authors.forename: Yu
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Zang
authors.affiliation: Department of Intensive Care Unit, Shanghai Provincial Corps Hospital, Chinese People's Armed Police Forces, 831 Hongxu Road, Shanghai 201103, PR China.
authors.forename: Yan
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.affiliation: Department of Intensive Care Unit, Shanghai Provincial Corps Hospital, Chinese People's Armed Police Forces, 831 Hongxu Road, Shanghai 201103, PR China.
authors.forename: Kaimin
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Zhu
authors.affiliation: Department of Intensive Care Unit, Shanghai Provincial Corps Hospital, Chinese People's Armed Police Forces, 831 Hongxu Road, Shanghai 201103, PR China.
authors.forename: Zhonghai
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Cai
authors.affiliation: Department of Intensive Care Unit, Shanghai Provincial Corps Hospital, Chinese People's Armed Police Forces, 831 Hongxu Road, Shanghai 201103, PR China.
authors.forename: Yueqin
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.affiliation: Department of Naval Aeromedicine, Faculty of Naval Medicine, Second Military Medical University, No.800, Xiangyin Road, Shanghai 200433, PR China.
authors.forename: Xuejun
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Sun
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information Engineering, Ministry of Education, Institute of Mitochondrial Biology and Medicine, Xi'an Jiaotong University, School of Life Science and Technology, Xi'an 710049, PR China. Electronic address: jiankangliu@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Jiankang
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.affiliation: Department of General Surgery, The Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, No.600, Yishan Road, Shanghai 200233, PR China. Electronic address: 18930173600@163.com.
authors.forename: Jianfeng
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Gong
mesh_terms: D000080242:8-Hydroxy-2'-Deoxyguanosine; D000704:Analysis of Variance; D000818:Animals; D002249:Carbon Monoxide Poisoning / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000473:pathology; D002263:Carboxyhemoglobin / Q000378:metabolism; D002452:Cell Count; D016207:Cytokines / Q000378:metabolism; D003849:Deoxyguanosine / Q000031:analogs & derivatives / Q000378:metabolism; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D006624:Hippocampus / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D008297:Male; D008315:Malondialdehyde / Q000378:metabolism; D008697:Methane / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D018696:Neuroprotective Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000378:metabolism; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D012965:Sodium Chloride / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D013482:Superoxide Dismutase / Q000378:metabolism; D013997:Time Factors; D014443:Tyrosine / Q000031:analogs & derivatives / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D016207:Cytokines; D018696:Neuroprotective Agents; D012333:RNA, Messenger; C002744:3-nitrotyrosine; D014443:Tyrosine; D012965:Sodium Chloride; D008315:Malondialdehyde; D000080242:8-Hydroxy-2'-Deoxyguanosine; D002263:Carboxyhemoglobin; D013482:Superoxide Dismutase; D003849:Deoxyguanosine; D008697:Methane
keywords: Antioxidant enzyme; Carbon monoxide poisoning; Methane; Reactive oxygen species