title: New perspectives on amyotrophic lateral sclerosis: the role of glial cells at the neuromuscular junction.
abstract: Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a disease leading to the death of motor neurons (MNs). It is also recognized as a non-cell autonomous disease where glial cells in the CNS are involved in its pathogenesis and progression. However, although denervation of neuromuscular junctions (NMJs) represents an early and major event in ALS, the importance of glial cells at this synapse receives little attention. An interesting possibility is that altered relationships between glial cells and MNs in the spinal cord in ALS may also take place at the NMJ. Perisynaptic Schwann cells (PSCs), which are glial cells at the NMJ, show great morphological and functional adaptability to ensure NMJ stability, maintenance and repair. More specifically, PSCs change their properties according to the state of innervation. Hence, abnormal changes or lack of changes can have detrimental effects on NMJs in ALS. This review will provide an overview of known and hypothesized interactions between MN nerve terminals and PSCs at NMJs during development, aging and ALS-induced denervation. These neuron-PSC interactions may be crucial to the understanding of how degenerative changes begin and progress at NMJs in ALS, and represent a novel therapeutic target.
authors.affiliation: Département de neurosciences, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada, H3C 3J7.|Groupe de recherche sur le système nerveux central, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada, H3C 3J7.
authors.forename: Danielle
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Arbour
authors.affiliation: Département de neurosciences, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada, H3C 3J7.|Groupe de recherche sur le système nerveux central, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada, H3C 3J7.|Centre de recherche du Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (CRCHUM), Montréal, Québec, Canada, H2X 0A9.
authors.forename: Christine
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Vande Velde
authors.affiliation: Département de neurosciences, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada, H3C 3J7.|Groupe de recherche sur le système nerveux central, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada, H3C 3J7.
authors.forename: Richard
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Robitaille
mesh_terms: D000690:Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis / Q000503:physiopathology*; D000818:Animals; D006801:Humans; D009046:Motor Neurons / Q000502:physiology; D009457:Neuroglia / Q000502:physiology*; D009469:Neuromuscular Junction / Q000502:physiology*
keywords: SOD1; denervation; motor unit; non-cell autonomy; perisynaptic Schwann cells; re-innervation; remodeling; synaptic transmission