title: Evaluation of Vinegar as a Disinfectant for Extracted Human Teeth - An in-Vitro Study.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  In dentistry, extracted human teeth are routinely used to learn technical and preclinical skills. Since human teeth harbour many pathogens these should be disinfected before use to minimize the risk of infections. Some commonly used disinfectants in laboratories are 10% formalin, 3% hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), 5.25% Sodium Hypochlorite (NaOCl), 70% alcohol and normal saline which have their own disadvantages like carcinogenicity, toxicity, cost effectiveness etc. Many studies have been conducted using these solutions but there is no evidence to suggest a suitable alternative for disinfecting extracted teeth. Vinegar is a sour liquid comprised mainly of acetic acid. It is cheap and commercially available shown to be effective in the prevention and control of microbial contamination.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  The present study was conducted for evaluation of vinegar as a disinfectant for extracted teeth.
  
  
  METHODS
  In this study a total of 40 (n=40) extracted non carious teeth were taken which were disinfected with various physical methods such as sterilization, autoclaving and chemical methods by using Vinegar, 70% Alcohol, 10% Formalin, 3% Hydrogen peroxide and 5.25% NaOCL. Later, teeth from each group were placed individually in separate test tubes containing 10ml of brain heart infusion broth at 37°C for 48 hrs to observe the evidence of growth of microorganisms.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Results were analyzed using Kruskal-Wallis test. Vinegar, 10% Formalin and 3% Hydrogen peroxide were effective. The results were statistically significant with Kruskal-Wallis test value 28.053 and p-value was <0.001.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Vinegar can be used as an effective disinfectant for extracted human teeth.
authors.affiliation: Postgraduate Student, Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology, Drs. Sudha and Nageswara Rao Siddhartha Institute of Dental Sciences , Chinnaoutpalli, Gannavaram (Mandal), Andhra Pradesh, India .
authors.forename: Sindhuja
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Gogineni
authors.affiliation: Assistant Professor, Department of Periodontics and Implantology, Government General Hospital (GMC) , Guntur, Andhra Pradesh, India .
authors.forename: Kiranmai
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Ganipineni
authors.affiliation: Professor and Head, Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology, Drs. Sudha and Nageswara Rao Siddhartha Institute of Dental Sciences , Chinnaoutpalli, Gannavaram (Mandal), Andhra Pradesh, India .
authors.forename: Suresh
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Babburi
authors.affiliation: Professor, Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology, Drs. Sudha and Nageswara Rao Siddhartha Institute of Dental Sciences , Chinnaoutpalli, Gannavaram (Mandal), Andhra Pradesh, India .
authors.forename: Aparna
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Venigalla
authors.affiliation: Assistant Professor, Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology, Drs. Sudha and Nageswara Rao Siddhartha Institute of Dental Sciences , Chinnaoutpalli, Gannavaram (Mandal), Andhra Pradesh, India .
authors.forename: Soujanya
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Pinnisetti
authors.affiliation: Assistant Professor, Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology, Drs. Sudha and Nageswara Rao Siddhartha Institute of Dental Sciences , Chinnaoutpalli, Gannavaram (Mandal), Andhra Pradesh, India .
authors.forename: Ajay Benarji
authors.initials: AB
authors.lastname: Kotti
authors.affiliation: Assistant Professor, Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology, Drs. Sudha and Nageswara Rao Siddhartha Institute of Dental Sciences , Chinnaoutpalli, Gannavaram (Mandal), Andhra Pradesh, India .
authors.forename: Lavanya
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Kalapala
keywords: Dental education; Preclinical skills; Sterilization of extracted teeth