title: Genetic and environmental associations between body dissatisfaction, weight preoccupation, and binge eating: Evidence for a common factor with differential loadings across symptom type.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Prior twin studies provide support for a single "common factor" that contributes genetic and environmental risk to a range of disordered eating symptoms. However, the common factor may be indexed less well by binge eating (BE) than other symptoms of eating disorders [i.e., body dissatisfaction (BD) and weight preoccupation (WP)]. We sought to explore the presence of a common factor and test whether loadings differed across three key symptoms (i.e., BE, BD, WP).
  
  
  METHODS
  Disordered eating was assessed via self-report in 631 female twin pairs from the Michigan State University Twin Registry.
  
  
  RESULTS
  We detected a common disordered eating factor that was influenced primarily by additive genetic and nonshared environmental influences. However, we observed different loadings on this common factor by symptom type, as factor loadings for BD and WP were stronger than that for BE. Moreover, the residual environmental and/or genetic variances (i.e., those that are independent of the common factor) were larger in BE than those of BD or WP.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Although all three symptoms share a common set of genetic and environmental influences, risk for BE may involve additional genetic, biological, and environmental factors that are not shared with other symptoms of eating pathology. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.(Int J Eat Disord 2017; 50:157-161).
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan.
authors.forename: Shannon M
authors.initials: SM
authors.lastname: O'Connor
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California.
authors.forename: Christopher R
authors.initials: CR
authors.lastname: Beam
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan.
authors.forename: Xiaochen
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Luo
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, Baylor University, Waco, Texas.
authors.forename: L Adelyn
authors.initials: LA
authors.lastname: Cohen
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan.|Department of Behavioral Medicine, Genesys Regional Medical Center, Consortium for Advanced Psychology Training, Michigan State University Flint Area Medical Education, Michigan.
authors.forename: Jessica L
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: VanHuysse
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia.
authors.forename: Robert E
authors.initials: RE
authors.lastname: Emery
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia.
authors.forename: Eric
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Turkheimer
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychology, Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida.
authors.forename: Pamela K
authors.initials: PK
authors.lastname: Keel
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan.
authors.forename: S Alexandra
authors.initials: SA
authors.lastname: Burt
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry and Human Genetics, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia.
authors.forename: Michael
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Neale
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia.
authors.forename: Steven
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Boker
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan.
authors.forename: Kelly
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Klump
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D056912:Binge-Eating Disorder / Q000235:genetics / Q000523:psychology*; D057215:Body Dysmorphic Disorders / Q000235:genetics / Q000523:psychology*; D001828:Body Image / Q000523:psychology*; D001835:Body Weight / Q000235:genetics; D002032:Bulimia / Q000235:genetics / Q000523:psychology; D002648:Child; D004200:Diseases in Twins / Q000235:genetics; D004644:Emotions; D004777:Environment; D005260:Female; D059647:Gene-Environment Interaction; D006801:Humans; D008824:Michigan; D012042:Registries; D057566:Self Report; D012931:Social Environment; D014427:Twins / Q000235:genetics; D055815:Young Adult
keywords: binge eating; body dissatisfaction; common factor; eating disorders; twins; weight preoccupation