title: Diabetes mellitus and cognitive impairments.
abstract: There is strong evidence that diabetes mellitus increases the risk of cognitive impairment and dementia. Insulin signaling dysregulation and small vessel disease in the base of diabetes may be important contributing factors in Alzheimer's disease and vascular dementia pathogenesis, respectively. Optimal glycemic control in type 1 diabetes and identification of diabetic risk factors and prophylactic approach in type 2 diabetes are very important in the prevention of cognitive complications. In addition, hypoglycemic attacks in children and elderly should be avoided. Anti-diabetic medications especially Insulin may have a role in the management of cognitive dysfunction and dementia but further investigation is needed to validate these findings.
authors.affiliation: Elham Saedi, Amir Alam Research Center, Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Neurology, Amir Alam Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran 1416753955, Iran.
authors.forename: Elham
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Saedi
authors.affiliation: Elham Saedi, Amir Alam Research Center, Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Neurology, Amir Alam Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran 1416753955, Iran.
authors.forename: Mohammad Reza
authors.initials: MR
authors.lastname: Gheini
authors.affiliation: Elham Saedi, Amir Alam Research Center, Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Neurology, Amir Alam Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran 1416753955, Iran.
authors.forename: Firoozeh
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Faiz
authors.affiliation: Elham Saedi, Amir Alam Research Center, Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Neurology, Amir Alam Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran 1416753955, Iran.
authors.forename: Mohammad Ali
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Arami
keywords: Alzheimer’s disease; Cognitive disorders; Dementia; Diabetes; Insulin