title: Cholinergic Oculomotor Nucleus Activity Is Induced by REM Sleep Deprivation Negatively Impacting on Cognition.
abstract: Several efforts have been made to understand the involvement of rapid eye movement (REM) sleep for cognitive processes. Consolidation or retention of recognition memories is severely disrupted by REM sleep deprivation (REMSD). In this regard, pedunculopontine tegmental nucleus (PPT) and other brainstem nuclei, such as pontine nucleus (Pn) and oculomotor nucleus (OCM), appear to be candidates to take part in this REM sleep circuitry with potential involvement in cognition. Therefore, the objective of this study was to investigate a possible association between the performance of Wistar rats in a declarative memory and PPT, Pn, and OCM activities after different periods of REMSD. We examined c-Fos and choline acetyltransferase (ChaT) expressions as indicators of neuronal activity as well as a familiarity-based memory test. The animals were distributed in groups: control, REMSD, and sleep rebound (REB). At the end of the different REMSD (24, 48, 72, and 96 h) and REB (24 h) time points, the rats were immediately tested in the object recognition test and then the brains were collected. Results indicated that OCM neurons presented an increased activity, due to ChaT-labeling associated with REMSD that negatively correlated (r = -0.32) with the cognitive performance. This suggests the existence of a cholinergic compensatory mechanism within the OCM during REMSD. We also showed that 24 h of REMSD impacted similarly in memory, compared to longer periods of REMSD. These data extend the notion that REM sleep is influenced by areas other than PPT, i.e., Pn and OCM, which could be key players in both sleep processes and cognition.
authors.affiliation: Laboratório de Neurofisiologia, Departamento de Fisiologia, Setor de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal do Paraná, Av. Francisco H. dos Santos s/n, Caixa Postal: 19031, Curitiba, Paraná, 81.531-990, Brazil.
authors.forename: Patrícia Dos
authors.initials: PD
authors.lastname: Santos
authors.affiliation: Laboratório de Neurofisiologia, Departamento de Fisiologia, Setor de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal do Paraná, Av. Francisco H. dos Santos s/n, Caixa Postal: 19031, Curitiba, Paraná, 81.531-990, Brazil.
authors.forename: Adriano D S
authors.initials: ADS
authors.lastname: Targa
authors.affiliation: Laboratório de Neurofisiologia, Departamento de Fisiologia, Setor de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal do Paraná, Av. Francisco H. dos Santos s/n, Caixa Postal: 19031, Curitiba, Paraná, 81.531-990, Brazil.
authors.forename: Ana Carolina D
authors.initials: ACD
authors.lastname: Noseda
authors.affiliation: Laboratório de Neurofisiologia, Departamento de Fisiologia, Setor de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal do Paraná, Av. Francisco H. dos Santos s/n, Caixa Postal: 19031, Curitiba, Paraná, 81.531-990, Brazil.
authors.forename: Lais S
authors.initials: LS
authors.lastname: Rodrigues
authors.affiliation: Laboratório de Neurofisiologia, Departamento de Fisiologia, Setor de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal do Paraná, Av. Francisco H. dos Santos s/n, Caixa Postal: 19031, Curitiba, Paraná, 81.531-990, Brazil.
authors.forename: Juliane
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Fagotti
authors.affiliation: Laboratório de Neurofisiologia, Departamento de Fisiologia, Setor de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal do Paraná, Av. Francisco H. dos Santos s/n, Caixa Postal: 19031, Curitiba, Paraná, 81.531-990, Brazil. mmslima@ufpr.br.
authors.forename: Marcelo M S
authors.initials: MMS
authors.lastname: Lima
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D018678:Cholinergic Agents / Q000494:pharmacology; D003071:Cognition / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology*; D008297:Male; D008568:Memory / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology*; D009474:Neurons / Q000378:metabolism; D065838:Oculomotor Nuclear Complex / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism*; D045042:Pedunculopontine Tegmental Nucleus / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology; D016760:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-fos / Q000378:metabolism; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D012892:Sleep Deprivation / Q000378:metabolism*; D012895:Sleep, REM
chemical_list: D018678:Cholinergic Agents; D016760:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-fos
keywords: Cognition; Object recognition test; Oculomotor nucleus; Pedunculopontine tegmental nucleus; Pontine nucleus; REM sleep deprivation