title: Intravitreal dexamethasone in the management of acute endophthalmitis: a comparative retrospective study.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To compare the clinical outcome of eyes with acute bacterial endophthalmitis treated with intravitreal injection of antibiotics with or without intravitreal dexamethasone.
  
  
  METHODS
  This was a retrospective chart review of 63 eyes diagnosed with acute bacterial endophthalmitis and treated with vitreous tap and intravitreal injection of antibiotics, 19 eyes (30.2%) with and 44 eyes (69.8%) without concurrent intravitreal dexamethasone.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Visual acuity had significantly improved by 1 week and was maintained long-term (p&lt;0.001). There were no differences in visual outcome or rates of ocular complications between the groups. None of the eyes treated with dexamethasone required repeated intravitreal antibiotic injection while 6 (13.6 %) of the other eyes required repeated intravitreal antibiotic injection (p = 0.09). A subset analysis of 21 eyes that presented with light perception/no light perception vision where vitrectomy was not possible demonstrated that intravitreal antibiotic injection improved vision and achieved similar visual gain as in eyes that presented with hand motion vision or better, with no higher complication rates.
  No adverse effect of intravitreal dexamethasone in the acute management of infectious endophthalmitis was noted. A trend toward less need for repeat intravitreal antibiotic therapy was noted in eyes with acute bacterial endophthalmitis treated with concurrent intravitreal dexamethasone at presentation.
authors.affiliation: Department of Ophthalmology and Vision Science, University of California Davis Eye Center, Sacramento, CA - USA.|Sackler School of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv - Israel.
authors.forename: Elad
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Moisseiev
authors.affiliation: Department of Ophthalmology and Vision Science, University of California Davis Eye Center, Sacramento, CA - USA.
authors.forename: Sam
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Abbassi
authors.affiliation: Department of Ophthalmology and Vision Science, University of California Davis Eye Center, Sacramento, CA - USA.
authors.forename: Susanna S
authors.initials: SS
authors.lastname: Park
mesh_terms: D000208:Acute Disease; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D001419:Bacteria / Q000302:isolation & purification; D002442:Ceftazidime / Q000008:administration & dosage; D003907:Dexamethasone / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D009877:Endophthalmitis / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000382:microbiology; D015818:Eye Infections, Bacterial / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000382:microbiology; D005260:Female; D005938:Glucocorticoids / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D006801:Humans; D058449:Intravitreal Injections; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D014640:Vancomycin / Q000008:administration & dosage; D014792:Visual Acuity / Q000502:physiology; D014821:Vitrectomy; D014822:Vitreous Body / Q000382:microbiology; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents; D005938:Glucocorticoids; D014640:Vancomycin; D003907:Dexamethasone; D002442:Ceftazidime