title: Apple peel polyphenols: a key player in the prevention and treatment of experimental inflammatory bowel disease.
abstract: Diets rich in fruits and vegetables may reduce oxidative stress (OxS) and inflammation via several mechanisms. These beneficial effects may be due to their high polyphenol content. The aims of the present study are to evaluate the preventive and therapeutic aspects of polyphenols in dried apple peel powder (DAPP) on intestinal inflammation while elucidating the underlying mechanisms and clinical benefits. Induction of intestinal inflammation in mice was performed by oral administration of the inflammatory agent dextran sulfate sodium (DSS) at 2.5% for 10 days. Physiological and supraphysiological doses of DAPP (200 and 400 mg/kg/day respectively) were administered by gavage for 10 days pre- and post-DSS treatment. DSS-mediated inflammation caused weight loss, shortening of the colon, dystrophic detachment of the epithelium, and infiltration of mono- and poly-morphonuclear cells in the colon. DSS induced an increase in lipid peroxidation, a down-regulation of antioxidant enzymes, an augmented expression of myeloperoxidase (MPO) and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), an elevated production of prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) and a shift in mucosa-associated microbial composition. However, DAPP normalized most of these abnormalities in preventive or therapeutic situations in addition to lowering inflammatory cytokines while stimulating antioxidant transcription factors and modulating other potential healing pathways. The supraphysiological dose of DAPP in therapeutic situations also improved mitochondrial dysfunction. Relative abundance of Peptostreptococcaceae and Enterobacteriaceae bacteria was slightly decreased in DAPP-treated mice. In conclusion, DAPP exhibits powerful antioxidant and anti-inflammatory action in the intestine and is associated with the regulation of cellular signalling pathways and changes in microbiota composition. Evaluation of preventive and therapeutic effects of DAPP may be clinically feasible in individuals with intestinal inflammatory bowel diseases.
authors.affiliation: Research Centre, CHU Sainte-Justine, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada, H3T 1C5.|Department of Nutrition, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada, H3T 1J4.
authors.forename: Marie-Claude
authors.initials: MC
authors.lastname: Denis
authors.affiliation: Institute of Nutrition and Functional Foods (INAF), Université Laval, Quebec, Quebec, Canada, G1V 0A6.
authors.forename: Denis
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Roy
authors.affiliation: Research Centre, CHU Sainte-Justine, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada, H3T 1C5.|Department of Nutrition, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada, H3T 1J4.
authors.forename: Pantea Rahmani
authors.initials: PR
authors.lastname: Yeganeh
authors.affiliation: Institute of Nutrition and Functional Foods (INAF), Université Laval, Quebec, Quebec, Canada, G1V 0A6.
authors.forename: Yves
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Desjardins
authors.affiliation: Institute of Nutrition and Functional Foods (INAF), Université Laval, Quebec, Quebec, Canada, G1V 0A6.
authors.forename: Thibault
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Varin
authors.affiliation: Research Centre, CHU Sainte-Justine, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada, H3T 1C5.
authors.forename: Nour
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Haddad
authors.affiliation: Research Centre, CHU Sainte-Justine, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada, H3T 1C5.|Department of Pediatrics, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada, H3T 1C5.
authors.forename: Devendra
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Amre
authors.affiliation: Research Centre, CHU Sainte-Justine, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada, H3T 1C5.
authors.forename: Alain Théophile
authors.initials: AT
authors.lastname: Sané
authors.affiliation: Research Centre, CHU Sainte-Justine, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada, H3T 1C5.
authors.forename: Carole
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Garofalo
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada, H3T 1J4.
authors.forename: Alexandra
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Furtos
authors.affiliation: Research Centre, CHU Sainte-Justine, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada, H3T 1C5.|Department of Pathology, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada, H3T 1C5.
authors.forename: Natalie
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Patey
authors.affiliation: Research Centre, CHU Sainte-Justine, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada, H3T 1C5.|Department of Biochemistry, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada, H3T 1J4.
authors.forename: Edgard
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Delvin
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Intestinal Physiopathology, Department of Anatomy and Cellular Biology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Quebec, Canada, J1H 5N4.
authors.forename: Eric
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Tremblay
authors.affiliation: Institute of Nutrition and Functional Foods (INAF), Université Laval, Quebec, Quebec, Canada, G1V 0A6.
authors.forename: André
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Marette
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Intestinal Physiopathology, Department of Anatomy and Cellular Biology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Quebec, Canada, J1H 5N4.
authors.forename: Jean-François
authors.initials: JF
authors.lastname: Beaulieu
authors.affiliation: Research Centre, CHU Sainte-Justine, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada, H3T 1C5 emile.levy@recherche-ste-justine.qc.ca.|Department of Nutrition, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada, H3T 1J4.|Institute of Nutrition and Functional Foods (INAF), Université Laval, Quebec, Quebec, Canada, G1V 0A6.|Laboratory of Intestinal Physiopathology, Department of Anatomy and Cellular Biology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Quebec, Canada, J1H 5N4.
authors.forename: Emile
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Levy
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000893:Anti-Inflammatory Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D000975:Antioxidants / Q000008:administration & dosage; D051546:Cyclooxygenase 2 / Q000378:metabolism; D005638:Fruit / Q000737:chemistry*; D006801:Humans; D015212:Inflammatory Bowel Diseases / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000382:microbiology; D008297:Male; D027845:Malus / Q000737:chemistry*; D051379:Mice; D008810:Mice, Inbred C57BL; D018384:Oxidative Stress; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D059808:Polyphenols / Q000008:administration & dosage*
chemical_list: D000893:Anti-Inflammatory Agents; D000975:Antioxidants; D010936:Plant Extracts; D059808:Polyphenols; D051546:Cyclooxygenase 2
keywords: inflammation; mitochondria; peroxidation; polyphenol