title: Automatic segmentation of mandibular canal in cone beam CT images using conditional statistical shape model and fast marching.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Accurate segmentation of the mandibular canal in cone beam CT data is a prerequisite for implant surgical planning. In this article, a new segmentation method based on the combination of anatomical and statistical information is presented to segment mandibular canal in CBCT scans.
  
  
  METHODS
  Generally, embedding shape information in segmentation models is challenging. The proposed approach consists of three main steps as follows: At first, a method based on low-rank decomposition is proposed for preprocessing. Then, a conditional statistical shape model is trained, and mandibular bone is segmented with high accuracy. In the final stage, fast marching with a new speed function is utilized to find the optimal path between mandibular and mental foramen. Fast marching tries to find the darkest tunnel close to the initial segmentation of the canal, which was obtained with conditional SSM model. In this regard, localization of mandibular canal is performed more accurately.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The method is applied to the identification of mandibular canal in 120 sets of CBCT images. Conditional statistical model is evaluated by calculating the compactness capacity, specificity and generalization ability measures. The capability of the proposed model is evaluated in the segmentation of mandibular bone and canal. The framework is effective in noisy scans and is able to detect canal in cases with mild bone resorption.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Quantitative analysis of the results shows that the method performed better than two other recent methods in the literature. Experimental results demonstrate that the proposed framework is effective and can be used in computer-guided dental implant surgery.
authors.affiliation: Control and Intelligent Processing Center of Excellence, School of Electrical and Computer Engineering, College of Engineering, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran. f.abdolali@ut.ac.ir.
authors.forename: Fatemeh
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Abdolali
authors.affiliation: Control and Intelligent Processing Center of Excellence, School of Electrical and Computer Engineering, College of Engineering, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran.
authors.forename: Reza Aghaeizadeh
authors.initials: RA
authors.lastname: Zoroofi
authors.affiliation: Department of Computer Engineering and Information Technology, Amirkabir University of Technology, Tehran, Iran.
authors.forename: Maryam
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Abdolali
authors.affiliation: Graduate school of Information Science, Nara Institute of Science and Technology (NAIST), Nara, Japan.
authors.forename: Futoshi
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Yokota
authors.affiliation: Graduate school of Information Science, Nara Institute of Science and Technology (NAIST), Nara, Japan.
authors.forename: Yoshito
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Otake
authors.affiliation: Graduate school of Information Science, Nara Institute of Science and Technology (NAIST), Nara, Japan.
authors.forename: Yoshinobu
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Sato
mesh_terms: D054893:Cone-Beam Computed Tomography / Q000379:methods*; D006801:Humans; D008334:Mandible / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D008962:Models, Theoretical; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity
keywords: Cone beam computed tomography; Implant surgery; Mandibular canal; Segmentation; Statistical shape models