title: New and developing chemical pharmacotherapy for treating hormone receptor-positive/HER2-negative breast cancer.
abstract: Endocrine therapy is the mainstay of treatment for a substantial proportion of hormone receptor positive (HR+) breast cancer (BC). Indeed, patients with metastatic disease not immediately life threatening may experience long disease control across several lines of endocrine therapy. The major limitation of this therapeutic approach is primary or acquired resistance. A better understanding of endocrine resistance has resulted in newer targeted agents to be added to endocrine therapy. Areas covered: This review highlights new findings in the treatment of HR+/HER2- BC, with a particular focus on new drugs from phase 3 development onwards. Expert opinion: Combining endocrine therapy with agents targeting putative mechanisms of endocrine resistance is a newer treatment paradigm in HR+ BC. Adding a biologically targeted agent to endocrine therapy results in improved response rate, and clinical benefit rate, and prolonged progression-free survival. A clear advantage in overall survival has not yet been reported. Combination therapy allows to delay chemotherapy but increases toxicities and costs, which are critical factors in decision making in the clinical practice. Moreover, identification and validation of biomarkers of response are needed. Ongoing and future trials should elucidate the role of these compounds in the treatment of HR+/HER2- BC.
authors.affiliation: a Investigative Clinical Oncology (INCO) , Candiolo Cancer Institute-FPO- IRCCS , Turin , Italy.
authors.forename: Rossella
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Martinello
authors.affiliation: b Medical Oncology 1 , Candiolo Cancer Institute-FPO- IRCCS , Turin , Italy.|c Department of Oncology , University of Torino , Turin , Italy.
authors.forename: Sofia
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Genta
authors.affiliation: a Investigative Clinical Oncology (INCO) , Candiolo Cancer Institute-FPO- IRCCS , Turin , Italy.
authors.forename: Danilo
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Galizia
authors.affiliation: a Investigative Clinical Oncology (INCO) , Candiolo Cancer Institute-FPO- IRCCS , Turin , Italy.
authors.forename: Elena
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Geuna
authors.affiliation: a Investigative Clinical Oncology (INCO) , Candiolo Cancer Institute-FPO- IRCCS , Turin , Italy.
authors.forename: Andrea
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Milani
authors.affiliation: a Investigative Clinical Oncology (INCO) , Candiolo Cancer Institute-FPO- IRCCS , Turin , Italy.
authors.forename: Giorgia
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Zucchini
authors.affiliation: b Medical Oncology 1 , Candiolo Cancer Institute-FPO- IRCCS , Turin , Italy.|c Department of Oncology , University of Torino , Turin , Italy.
authors.forename: Giorgio
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Valabrega
authors.affiliation: a Investigative Clinical Oncology (INCO) , Candiolo Cancer Institute-FPO- IRCCS , Turin , Italy.
authors.forename: Filippo
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Montemurro
mesh_terms: D000971:Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D001943:Breast Neoplasms / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000378:metabolism; D002986:Clinical Trials as Topic / Q000379:methods; D018572:Disease-Free Survival; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D018719:Erb-b2 Receptor Tyrosine Kinases / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors* / Q000378:metabolism; D064726:Triple Negative Breast Neoplasms / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D018719:Erb-b2 Receptor Tyrosine Kinases; C508053:ERBB2 protein, human
keywords: Abemaciclib; CDK4/CDK6; HDCA; HR-positive breast cancer; PI3K; alpelisib; buparlisib; palbociclib; ribociclib; taselisib