title: Ophthalmic manifestations of Paederus dermatitis.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To report the pattern of ophthalmic manifestations associated with Paederus dermatitis (PD).
  
  
  METHODS
  Department of Ophthalmology, Sri Guru Ram Das Institute of Medical Sciences and Research, Amritsar, India.
  
  
  METHODS
  Clinic-based retrospective study.
  
  
  METHODS
  Medical charts of patients presenting to the eye clinic with clinical features consistent with the diagnosis of PD from May 1, 2014 to April 30, 2016 were retrospectively reviewed. Relevant demographic and clinical data of periocular and ocular findings were collected and analyzed. The patients with a history of chronic skin disorders or allergies were excluded from the study.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A total of 56 patients were included in the study, of which 39 (69.6 %) were males. The age range was 4-65 years with a median of 27 years. On presentation, common subjective symptoms were burning sensation in 49 (87.5 %), itching in 37 (66.1 %), watering in 25 (44.6 %), foreign body sensation in 19 (33.9 %), blurring of vision in 17 (30.4 %), and photophobia in 12 (21.4 %) patients. Visual acuity at presentation was 20/20 in 39 (69.6 %) patients, between 20/30 and 20/80 in 9 (16.1 %) patients, and less than 20/80 in 8 (14.3 %) patients. Lid swelling, erythema, crusts, and vesicles were the common periocular findings; and conjunctival hyperemia, discharge, and corneal erosions were the common ocular findings.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The current study shows that PD can cause significant ocular morbidity. Ophthalmologists, especially those who work in endemic areas, should be aware of this entity both in terms of management as well as for educating patients about the preventive measures.
authors.affiliation: Department of Ophthalmology, Sri Guru Ram Das Institute of Medical Sciences and Research, Vallah, Amritsar, Punjab, India. pawanprasher@yahoo.com.
authors.forename: Pawan
authors.identifier: http://orcid.org/0000-0003-2066-1239
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Prasher
authors.affiliation: Department of Ophthalmology, Sri Guru Ram Das Institute of Medical Sciences and Research, Vallah, Amritsar, Punjab, India.
authors.forename: Mandeep
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kaur
authors.affiliation: Department of Ophthalmology, Sri Guru Ram Das Institute of Medical Sciences and Research, Vallah, Amritsar, Punjab, India.
authors.forename: Shakeen
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Singh
authors.affiliation: Department of Community Medicine, Sri Guru Ram Das Institute of Medical Sciences and Research, Vallah, Amritsar, Punjab, India.
authors.forename: Harpreet
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Kaur
authors.affiliation: Department of Zoology, Punjabi University, Patiala, India.
authors.forename: Madhu
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Bala
authors.affiliation: Department of Dermatology, Dr Silonie Dermacare, New Amritsar, India.
authors.forename: Silonie
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Sachdeva
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000818:Animals; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D001517:Coleoptera; D003229:Conjunctival Diseases / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000209:etiology*; D017453:Dermatitis, Irritant / Q000150:complications* / Q000175:diagnosis; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D007634:Keratitis / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000209:etiology*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D014792:Visual Acuity; D055815:Young Adult
keywords: Dermatitis; Ophthalmic; Paederus; Periocular