title: Electrophysiological approaches to unravel the neurobiological basis of appetite and satiety: use of the multielectrode array as a screening strategy.
abstract: Hypothalamic neural circuits are recognised as primary sites of the neuromodulator effect of homeostatic food intake, whereas changes in ventral tegmental area (VTA), hippocampus and amygdala have been implicated in the hedonic, cognitive and emotional aspects of eating. Here, we discuss synaptic transmission and plasticity within brain circuits governing appetite and food intake behaviour, focusing on the metabolic hormones ghrelin and leptin. We discuss functional changes within these circuitries and critically assess the applicability of electrophysiological measurements using in vitro multielectrode array (MEA) systems to identify novel appetite modulators. Stringent validation of functional assays to screen neuroactive substrates is of crucial importance for the discovery of novel food intake modulators, with major implications for the nutraceutical food industry and drug development.
authors.affiliation: Food for Health Ireland, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland.
authors.forename: Hamdy
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Shaban
authors.affiliation: Alimentary Pharmabiotic Centre (APC) Microbiome Institute, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland.
authors.forename: Rory
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: O'Connor
authors.affiliation: International Centre for Neurotherapeutics, Dublin City University, Dublin, Ireland; Helmholtz Zentrum München GnbH, Institute for Biological and Medical Imaging, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany; Munich School of Bioengineering, Technische Universität München (TUM), 81675 Munich, Germany.
authors.forename: Saak V
authors.initials: SV
authors.lastname: Ovsepian
authors.affiliation: Alimentary Pharmabiotic Centre (APC) Microbiome Institute, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland; Dept of Psychiatry, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland.
authors.forename: Timothy G
authors.initials: TG
authors.lastname: Dinan
authors.affiliation: Food for Health Ireland, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland; Alimentary Pharmabiotic Centre (APC) Microbiome Institute, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland; Dept of Anatomy and Neuroscience, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland.
authors.forename: John F
authors.initials: JF
authors.lastname: Cryan
authors.affiliation: Food for Health Ireland, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland; Alimentary Pharmabiotic Centre (APC) Microbiome Institute, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland; Dept of Anatomy and Neuroscience, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland. Electronic address: H.schellekens@ucc.ie.
authors.forename: Harriët
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Schellekens
mesh_terms: D001069:Appetite Regulation / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology*; D001921:Brain / Q000502:physiology*; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D004435:Eating / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology*; D055724:Electrophysiological Phenomena / Q000502:physiology*; D004594:Electrophysiology / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods*; D054439:Ghrelin / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D020738:Leptin / Q000378:metabolism; D008839:Microelectrodes; D009474:Neurons / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology; D012528:Satiety Response / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology*
chemical_list: D054439:Ghrelin; D020738:Leptin