title: Evidence for Tocilizumab as a Treatment Option in Refractory Uveitis Associated with Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis.
abstract: To report on experience using the anti-interleukin 6 receptor antibody tocilizumab (TCZ) to treat severe and therapy-refractory uveitis associated with juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA).
  
  
  
  Retrospective data were gathered from patients with JIA receiving TCZ treatment for uveitis. JIA and related uveitis data (disease onset, activity, structural complications, and topical and systemic antiinflammatory treatment) were evaluated at the start of TCZ (baseline) and every 3 months during TCZ therapy.
  
  
  
  A total of 17 patients (14 women) with active uveitis were included (mean age 15.3 ± 6.9 yrs, mean followup time 8.5 mos). In all patients, uveitis had been refractory to previous topical and systemic corticosteroids, methotrexate (MTX), and other synthetic and biological disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs, including ≥ 1 tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) inhibitor. Uveitis inactivity was achieved in 10 patients after a mean of 5.7 months of TCZ treatment (in 3 of them, it recurred during followup) and persisted in the remaining 7 patients. By using TCZ, systemic corticosteroids or immunosuppressives could be spared in 7 patients. Macular edema was present in 5 patients at baseline and improved in all of them under TCZ treatment. Arthritis was active in 11 patients at the initial and in 6 at the final followup visit.
  
  
  
  TCZ appears to represent a therapeutic option for severe JIA-associated uveitis that has been refractory to MTX and TNF-α inhibitors in selected patients. The present data indicate that inflammatory macular edema responds well to TCZ in patients with JIA-associated uveitis.
authors.affiliation: From the Department of Ophthalmology, St. Franziskus Hospital, Münster; Department of Ophthalmology and Interdisciplinary Uveitis Center, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg; University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany; Department of Ophthalmology, Inselspital, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland; Institut Clinic d'Oftalmologia, Hospital Clínic de Barcelona, University of Barcelona; Pediatric Rheumatology Unit, and Ophthalmology Department, Hospital Sant Joan de Déu, University of Barcelona, Esplugues, Barcelona, Spain; Department of Paediatric Rheumatology, Bristol Royal Hospital for Children; Clinical Research Unit, Bristol Eye Hospital, Bristol, UK; Department of Ophthalmology, Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland; Department of Ophthalmology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands. christoph.tappeiner@insel.ch.|C. Tappeiner, MD, FEBO, Department of Ophthalmology, St. Franziskus Hospital, and Department of Ophthalmology, Inselspital, University of Bern; M. Mesquida, MD, PhD, Institut Clinic d'Oftalmologia, Hospital Clínic de Barcelona, University of Barcelona; A. Adán, MD, PhD, Institut Clinic d'Oftalmologia, Hospital Clínic de Barcelona, University of Barcelona; J. Anton, MD, PhD, Pediatric Rheumatology Unit, Hospital Sant Joan de Déu, University of Barcelona; A.V. Ramanan, MD, Department of Paediatric Rheumatology, Bristol Royal Hospital for Children; E. Carreno, MD, PhD, Clinical Research Unit, Bristol Eye Hospital; F. Mackensen, MD, Department of Ophthalmology and Interdisciplinary Uveitis Center, University of Heidelberg; K. Kotaniemi, MD, PhD, Department of Ophthalmology, Helsinki University Hospital; J.H. de Boer, MD, PhD, Department of Ophthalmology, University Medical Center Utrecht; R. Bou, MD, Pediatric Rheumatology Unit, Hospital Sant Joan de Déu, University of Barcelona; C.G. de Vicuña, MD, Ophthalmology Department, Hospital Sant Joan de Déu, University of Barcelona; A. Heiligenhaus, MD, Department of Ophthalmology, St. Franziskus Hospital, and University of Duisburg-Essen. christoph.tappeiner@insel.ch.
authors.forename: Christoph
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Tappeiner
authors.affiliation: From the Department of Ophthalmology, St. Franziskus Hospital, Münster; Department of Ophthalmology and Interdisciplinary Uveitis Center, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg; University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany; Department of Ophthalmology, Inselspital, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland; Institut Clinic d'Oftalmologia, Hospital Clínic de Barcelona, University of Barcelona; Pediatric Rheumatology Unit, and Ophthalmology Department, Hospital Sant Joan de Déu, University of Barcelona, Esplugues, Barcelona, Spain; Department of Paediatric Rheumatology, Bristol Royal Hospital for Children; Clinical Research Unit, Bristol Eye Hospital, Bristol, UK; Department of Ophthalmology, Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland; Department of Ophthalmology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands.|C. Tappeiner, MD, FEBO, Department of Ophthalmology, St. Franziskus Hospital, and Department of Ophthalmology, Inselspital, University of Bern; M. Mesquida, MD, PhD, Institut Clinic d'Oftalmologia, Hospital Clínic de Barcelona, University of Barcelona; A. Adán, MD, PhD, Institut Clinic d'Oftalmologia, Hospital Clínic de Barcelona, University of Barcelona; J. Anton, MD, PhD, Pediatric Rheumatology Unit, Hospital Sant Joan de Déu, University of Barcelona; A.V. Ramanan, MD, Department of Paediatric Rheumatology, Bristol Royal Hospital for Children; E. Carreno, MD, PhD, Clinical Research Unit, Bristol Eye Hospital; F. Mackensen, MD, Department of Ophthalmology and Interdisciplinary Uveitis Center, University of Heidelberg; K. Kotaniemi, MD, PhD, Department of Ophthalmology, Helsinki University Hospital; J.H. de Boer, MD, PhD, Department of Ophthalmology, University Medical Center Utrecht; R. Bou, MD, Pediatric Rheumatology Unit, Hospital Sant Joan de Déu, University of Barcelona; C.G. de Vicuña, MD, Ophthalmology Department, Hospital Sant Joan de Déu, University of Barcelona; A. Heiligenhaus, MD, Department of Ophthalmology, St. Franziskus Hospital, and University of Duisburg-Essen.
authors.forename: Marina
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Mesquida
authors.affiliation: From the Department of Ophthalmology, St. Franziskus Hospital, Münster; Department of Ophthalmology and Interdisciplinary Uveitis Center, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg; University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany; Department of Ophthalmology, Inselspital, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland; Institut Clinic d'Oftalmologia, Hospital Clínic de Barcelona, University of Barcelona; Pediatric Rheumatology Unit, and Ophthalmology Department, Hospital Sant Joan de Déu, University of Barcelona, Esplugues, Barcelona, Spain; Department of Paediatric Rheumatology, Bristol Royal Hospital for Children; Clinical Research Unit, Bristol Eye Hospital, Bristol, UK; Department of Ophthalmology, Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland; Department of Ophthalmology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands.|C. Tappeiner, MD, FEBO, Department of Ophthalmology, St. Franziskus Hospital, and Department of Ophthalmology, Inselspital, University of Bern; M. Mesquida, MD, PhD, Institut Clinic d'Oftalmologia, Hospital Clínic de Barcelona, University of Barcelona; A. Adán, MD, PhD, Institut Clinic d'Oftalmologia, Hospital Clínic de Barcelona, University of Barcelona; J. Anton, MD, PhD, Pediatric Rheumatology Unit, Hospital Sant Joan de Déu, University of Barcelona; A.V. Ramanan, MD, Department of Paediatric Rheumatology, Bristol Royal Hospital for Children; E. Carreno, MD, PhD, Clinical Research Unit, Bristol Eye Hospital; F. Mackensen, MD, Department of Ophthalmology and Interdisciplinary Uveitis Center, University of Heidelberg; K. Kotaniemi, MD, PhD, Department of Ophthalmology, Helsinki University Hospital; J.H. de Boer, MD, PhD, Department of Ophthalmology, University Medical Center Utrecht; R. Bou, MD, Pediatric Rheumatology Unit, Hospital Sant Joan de Déu, University of Barcelona; C.G. de Vicuña, MD, Ophthalmology Department, Hospital Sant Joan de Déu, University of Barcelona; A. Heiligenhaus, MD, Department of Ophthalmology, St. Franziskus Hospital, and University of Duisburg-Essen.
authors.forename: Alfredo
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Adán
authors.affiliation: From the Department of Ophthalmology, St. Franziskus Hospital, Münster; Department of Ophthalmology and Interdisciplinary Uveitis Center, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg; University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany; Department of Ophthalmology, Inselspital, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland; Institut Clinic d'Oftalmologia, Hospital Clínic de Barcelona, University of Barcelona; Pediatric Rheumatology Unit, and Ophthalmology Department, Hospital Sant Joan de Déu, University of Barcelona, Esplugues, Barcelona, Spain; Department of Paediatric Rheumatology, Bristol Royal Hospital for Children; Clinical Research Unit, Bristol Eye Hospital, Bristol, UK; Department of Ophthalmology, Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland; Department of Ophthalmology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands.|C. Tappeiner, MD, FEBO, Department of Ophthalmology, St. Franziskus Hospital, and Department of Ophthalmology, Inselspital, University of Bern; M. Mesquida, MD, PhD, Institut Clinic d'Oftalmologia, Hospital Clínic de Barcelona, University of Barcelona; A. Adán, MD, PhD, Institut Clinic d'Oftalmologia, Hospital Clínic de Barcelona, University of Barcelona; J. Anton, MD, PhD, Pediatric Rheumatology Unit, Hospital Sant Joan de Déu, University of Barcelona; A.V. Ramanan, MD, Department of Paediatric Rheumatology, Bristol Royal Hospital for Children; E. Carreno, MD, PhD, Clinical Research Unit, Bristol Eye Hospital; F. Mackensen, MD, Department of Ophthalmology and Interdisciplinary Uveitis Center, University of Heidelberg; K. Kotaniemi, MD, PhD, Department of Ophthalmology, Helsinki University Hospital; J.H. de Boer, MD, PhD, Department of Ophthalmology, University Medical Center Utrecht; R. Bou, MD, Pediatric Rheumatology Unit, Hospital Sant Joan de Déu, University of Barcelona; C.G. de Vicuña, MD, Ophthalmology Department, Hospital Sant Joan de Déu, University of Barcelona; A. Heiligenhaus, MD, Department of Ophthalmology, St. Franziskus Hospital, and University of Duisburg-Essen.
authors.forename: Jordi
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Anton
authors.affiliation: From the Department of Ophthalmology, St. Franziskus Hospital, Münster; Department of Ophthalmology and Interdisciplinary Uveitis Center, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg; University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany; Department of Ophthalmology, Inselspital, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland; Institut Clinic d'Oftalmologia, Hospital Clínic de Barcelona, University of Barcelona; Pediatric Rheumatology Unit, and Ophthalmology Department, Hospital Sant Joan de Déu, University of Barcelona, Esplugues, Barcelona, Spain; Department of Paediatric Rheumatology, Bristol Royal Hospital for Children; Clinical Research Unit, Bristol Eye Hospital, Bristol, UK; Department of Ophthalmology, Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland; Department of Ophthalmology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands.|C. Tappeiner, MD, FEBO, Department of Ophthalmology, St. Franziskus Hospital, and Department of Ophthalmology, Inselspital, University of Bern; M. Mesquida, MD, PhD, Institut Clinic d'Oftalmologia, Hospital Clínic de Barcelona, University of Barcelona; A. Adán, MD, PhD, Institut Clinic d'Oftalmologia, Hospital Clínic de Barcelona, University of Barcelona; J. Anton, MD, PhD, Pediatric Rheumatology Unit, Hospital Sant Joan de Déu, University of Barcelona; A.V. Ramanan, MD, Department of Paediatric Rheumatology, Bristol Royal Hospital for Children; E. Carreno, MD, PhD, Clinical Research Unit, Bristol Eye Hospital; F. Mackensen, MD, Department of Ophthalmology and Interdisciplinary Uveitis Center, University of Heidelberg; K. Kotaniemi, MD, PhD, Department of Ophthalmology, Helsinki University Hospital; J.H. de Boer, MD, PhD, Department of Ophthalmology, University Medical Center Utrecht; R. Bou, MD, Pediatric Rheumatology Unit, Hospital Sant Joan de Déu, University of Barcelona; C.G. de Vicuña, MD, Ophthalmology Department, Hospital Sant Joan de Déu, University of Barcelona; A. Heiligenhaus, MD, Department of Ophthalmology, St. Franziskus Hospital, and University of Duisburg-Essen.
authors.forename: Athimalaipet V
authors.initials: AV
authors.lastname: Ramanan
authors.affiliation: From the Department of Ophthalmology, St. Franziskus Hospital, Münster; Department of Ophthalmology and Interdisciplinary Uveitis Center, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg; University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany; Department of Ophthalmology, Inselspital, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland; Institut Clinic d'Oftalmologia, Hospital Clínic de Barcelona, University of Barcelona; Pediatric Rheumatology Unit, and Ophthalmology Department, Hospital Sant Joan de Déu, University of Barcelona, Esplugues, Barcelona, Spain; Department of Paediatric Rheumatology, Bristol Royal Hospital for Children; Clinical Research Unit, Bristol Eye Hospital, Bristol, UK; Department of Ophthalmology, Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland; Department of Ophthalmology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands.|C. Tappeiner, MD, FEBO, Department of Ophthalmology, St. Franziskus Hospital, and Department of Ophthalmology, Inselspital, University of Bern; M. Mesquida, MD, PhD, Institut Clinic d'Oftalmologia, Hospital Clínic de Barcelona, University of Barcelona; A. Adán, MD, PhD, Institut Clinic d'Oftalmologia, Hospital Clínic de Barcelona, University of Barcelona; J. Anton, MD, PhD, Pediatric Rheumatology Unit, Hospital Sant Joan de Déu, University of Barcelona; A.V. Ramanan, MD, Department of Paediatric Rheumatology, Bristol Royal Hospital for Children; E. Carreno, MD, PhD, Clinical Research Unit, Bristol Eye Hospital; F. Mackensen, MD, Department of Ophthalmology and Interdisciplinary Uveitis Center, University of Heidelberg; K. Kotaniemi, MD, PhD, Department of Ophthalmology, Helsinki University Hospital; J.H. de Boer, MD, PhD, Department of Ophthalmology, University Medical Center Utrecht; R. Bou, MD, Pediatric Rheumatology Unit, Hospital Sant Joan de Déu, University of Barcelona; C.G. de Vicuña, MD, Ophthalmology Department, Hospital Sant Joan de Déu, University of Barcelona; A. Heiligenhaus, MD, Department of Ophthalmology, St. Franziskus Hospital, and University of Duisburg-Essen.
authors.forename: Ester
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Carreno
authors.affiliation: From the Department of Ophthalmology, St. Franziskus Hospital, Münster; Department of Ophthalmology and Interdisciplinary Uveitis Center, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg; University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany; Department of Ophthalmology, Inselspital, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland; Institut Clinic d'Oftalmologia, Hospital Clínic de Barcelona, University of Barcelona; Pediatric Rheumatology Unit, and Ophthalmology Department, Hospital Sant Joan de Déu, University of Barcelona, Esplugues, Barcelona, Spain; Department of Paediatric Rheumatology, Bristol Royal Hospital for Children; Clinical Research Unit, Bristol Eye Hospital, Bristol, UK; Department of Ophthalmology, Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland; Department of Ophthalmology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands.|C. Tappeiner, MD, FEBO, Department of Ophthalmology, St. Franziskus Hospital, and Department of Ophthalmology, Inselspital, University of Bern; M. Mesquida, MD, PhD, Institut Clinic d'Oftalmologia, Hospital Clínic de Barcelona, University of Barcelona; A. Adán, MD, PhD, Institut Clinic d'Oftalmologia, Hospital Clínic de Barcelona, University of Barcelona; J. Anton, MD, PhD, Pediatric Rheumatology Unit, Hospital Sant Joan de Déu, University of Barcelona; A.V. Ramanan, MD, Department of Paediatric Rheumatology, Bristol Royal Hospital for Children; E. Carreno, MD, PhD, Clinical Research Unit, Bristol Eye Hospital; F. Mackensen, MD, Department of Ophthalmology and Interdisciplinary Uveitis Center, University of Heidelberg; K. Kotaniemi, MD, PhD, Department of Ophthalmology, Helsinki University Hospital; J.H. de Boer, MD, PhD, Department of Ophthalmology, University Medical Center Utrecht; R. Bou, MD, Pediatric Rheumatology Unit, Hospital Sant Joan de Déu, University of Barcelona; C.G. de Vicuña, MD, Ophthalmology Department, Hospital Sant Joan de Déu, University of Barcelona; A. Heiligenhaus, MD, Department of Ophthalmology, St. Franziskus Hospital, and University of Duisburg-Essen.
authors.forename: Friederike
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Mackensen
authors.affiliation: From the Department of Ophthalmology, St. Franziskus Hospital, Münster; Department of Ophthalmology and Interdisciplinary Uveitis Center, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg; University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany; Department of Ophthalmology, Inselspital, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland; Institut Clinic d'Oftalmologia, Hospital Clínic de Barcelona, University of Barcelona; Pediatric Rheumatology Unit, and Ophthalmology Department, Hospital Sant Joan de Déu, University of Barcelona, Esplugues, Barcelona, Spain; Department of Paediatric Rheumatology, Bristol Royal Hospital for Children; Clinical Research Unit, Bristol Eye Hospital, Bristol, UK; Department of Ophthalmology, Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland; Department of Ophthalmology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands.|C. Tappeiner, MD, FEBO, Department of Ophthalmology, St. Franziskus Hospital, and Department of Ophthalmology, Inselspital, University of Bern; M. Mesquida, MD, PhD, Institut Clinic d'Oftalmologia, Hospital Clínic de Barcelona, University of Barcelona; A. Adán, MD, PhD, Institut Clinic d'Oftalmologia, Hospital Clínic de Barcelona, University of Barcelona; J. Anton, MD, PhD, Pediatric Rheumatology Unit, Hospital Sant Joan de Déu, University of Barcelona; A.V. Ramanan, MD, Department of Paediatric Rheumatology, Bristol Royal Hospital for Children; E. Carreno, MD, PhD, Clinical Research Unit, Bristol Eye Hospital; F. Mackensen, MD, Department of Ophthalmology and Interdisciplinary Uveitis Center, University of Heidelberg; K. Kotaniemi, MD, PhD, Department of Ophthalmology, Helsinki University Hospital; J.H. de Boer, MD, PhD, Department of Ophthalmology, University Medical Center Utrecht; R. Bou, MD, Pediatric Rheumatology Unit, Hospital Sant Joan de Déu, University of Barcelona; C.G. de Vicuña, MD, Ophthalmology Department, Hospital Sant Joan de Déu, University of Barcelona; A. Heiligenhaus, MD, Department of Ophthalmology, St. Franziskus Hospital, and University of Duisburg-Essen.
authors.forename: Kaisu
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Kotaniemi
authors.affiliation: From the Department of Ophthalmology, St. Franziskus Hospital, Münster; Department of Ophthalmology and Interdisciplinary Uveitis Center, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg; University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany; Department of Ophthalmology, Inselspital, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland; Institut Clinic d'Oftalmologia, Hospital Clínic de Barcelona, University of Barcelona; Pediatric Rheumatology Unit, and Ophthalmology Department, Hospital Sant Joan de Déu, University of Barcelona, Esplugues, Barcelona, Spain; Department of Paediatric Rheumatology, Bristol Royal Hospital for Children; Clinical Research Unit, Bristol Eye Hospital, Bristol, UK; Department of Ophthalmology, Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland; Department of Ophthalmology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands.|C. Tappeiner, MD, FEBO, Department of Ophthalmology, St. Franziskus Hospital, and Department of Ophthalmology, Inselspital, University of Bern; M. Mesquida, MD, PhD, Institut Clinic d'Oftalmologia, Hospital Clínic de Barcelona, University of Barcelona; A. Adán, MD, PhD, Institut Clinic d'Oftalmologia, Hospital Clínic de Barcelona, University of Barcelona; J. Anton, MD, PhD, Pediatric Rheumatology Unit, Hospital Sant Joan de Déu, University of Barcelona; A.V. Ramanan, MD, Department of Paediatric Rheumatology, Bristol Royal Hospital for Children; E. Carreno, MD, PhD, Clinical Research Unit, Bristol Eye Hospital; F. Mackensen, MD, Department of Ophthalmology and Interdisciplinary Uveitis Center, University of Heidelberg; K. Kotaniemi, MD, PhD, Department of Ophthalmology, Helsinki University Hospital; J.H. de Boer, MD, PhD, Department of Ophthalmology, University Medical Center Utrecht; R. Bou, MD, Pediatric Rheumatology Unit, Hospital Sant Joan de Déu, University of Barcelona; C.G. de Vicuña, MD, Ophthalmology Department, Hospital Sant Joan de Déu, University of Barcelona; A. Heiligenhaus, MD, Department of Ophthalmology, St. Franziskus Hospital, and University of Duisburg-Essen.
authors.forename: Joke H
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: de Boer
authors.affiliation: From the Department of Ophthalmology, St. Franziskus Hospital, Münster; Department of Ophthalmology and Interdisciplinary Uveitis Center, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg; University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany; Department of Ophthalmology, Inselspital, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland; Institut Clinic d'Oftalmologia, Hospital Clínic de Barcelona, University of Barcelona; Pediatric Rheumatology Unit, and Ophthalmology Department, Hospital Sant Joan de Déu, University of Barcelona, Esplugues, Barcelona, Spain; Department of Paediatric Rheumatology, Bristol Royal Hospital for Children; Clinical Research Unit, Bristol Eye Hospital, Bristol, UK; Department of Ophthalmology, Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland; Department of Ophthalmology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands.|C. Tappeiner, MD, FEBO, Department of Ophthalmology, St. Franziskus Hospital, and Department of Ophthalmology, Inselspital, University of Bern; M. Mesquida, MD, PhD, Institut Clinic d'Oftalmologia, Hospital Clínic de Barcelona, University of Barcelona; A. Adán, MD, PhD, Institut Clinic d'Oftalmologia, Hospital Clínic de Barcelona, University of Barcelona; J. Anton, MD, PhD, Pediatric Rheumatology Unit, Hospital Sant Joan de Déu, University of Barcelona; A.V. Ramanan, MD, Department of Paediatric Rheumatology, Bristol Royal Hospital for Children; E. Carreno, MD, PhD, Clinical Research Unit, Bristol Eye Hospital; F. Mackensen, MD, Department of Ophthalmology and Interdisciplinary Uveitis Center, University of Heidelberg; K. Kotaniemi, MD, PhD, Department of Ophthalmology, Helsinki University Hospital; J.H. de Boer, MD, PhD, Department of Ophthalmology, University Medical Center Utrecht; R. Bou, MD, Pediatric Rheumatology Unit, Hospital Sant Joan de Déu, University of Barcelona; C.G. de Vicuña, MD, Ophthalmology Department, Hospital Sant Joan de Déu, University of Barcelona; A. Heiligenhaus, MD, Department of Ophthalmology, St. Franziskus Hospital, and University of Duisburg-Essen.
authors.forename: Rosa
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Bou
authors.affiliation: From the Department of Ophthalmology, St. Franziskus Hospital, Münster; Department of Ophthalmology and Interdisciplinary Uveitis Center, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg; University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany; Department of Ophthalmology, Inselspital, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland; Institut Clinic d'Oftalmologia, Hospital Clínic de Barcelona, University of Barcelona; Pediatric Rheumatology Unit, and Ophthalmology Department, Hospital Sant Joan de Déu, University of Barcelona, Esplugues, Barcelona, Spain; Department of Paediatric Rheumatology, Bristol Royal Hospital for Children; Clinical Research Unit, Bristol Eye Hospital, Bristol, UK; Department of Ophthalmology, Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland; Department of Ophthalmology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands.|C. Tappeiner, MD, FEBO, Department of Ophthalmology, St. Franziskus Hospital, and Department of Ophthalmology, Inselspital, University of Bern; M. Mesquida, MD, PhD, Institut Clinic d'Oftalmologia, Hospital Clínic de Barcelona, University of Barcelona; A. Adán, MD, PhD, Institut Clinic d'Oftalmologia, Hospital Clínic de Barcelona, University of Barcelona; J. Anton, MD, PhD, Pediatric Rheumatology Unit, Hospital Sant Joan de Déu, University of Barcelona; A.V. Ramanan, MD, Department of Paediatric Rheumatology, Bristol Royal Hospital for Children; E. Carreno, MD, PhD, Clinical Research Unit, Bristol Eye Hospital; F. Mackensen, MD, Department of Ophthalmology and Interdisciplinary Uveitis Center, University of Heidelberg; K. Kotaniemi, MD, PhD, Department of Ophthalmology, Helsinki University Hospital; J.H. de Boer, MD, PhD, Department of Ophthalmology, University Medical Center Utrecht; R. Bou, MD, Pediatric Rheumatology Unit, Hospital Sant Joan de Déu, University of Barcelona; C.G. de Vicuña, MD, Ophthalmology Department, Hospital Sant Joan de Déu, University of Barcelona; A. Heiligenhaus, MD, Department of Ophthalmology, St. Franziskus Hospital, and University of Duisburg-Essen.
authors.forename: Carmen García
authors.initials: CG
authors.lastname: de Vicuña
authors.affiliation: From the Department of Ophthalmology, St. Franziskus Hospital, Münster; Department of Ophthalmology and Interdisciplinary Uveitis Center, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg; University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany; Department of Ophthalmology, Inselspital, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland; Institut Clinic d'Oftalmologia, Hospital Clínic de Barcelona, University of Barcelona; Pediatric Rheumatology Unit, and Ophthalmology Department, Hospital Sant Joan de Déu, University of Barcelona, Esplugues, Barcelona, Spain; Department of Paediatric Rheumatology, Bristol Royal Hospital for Children; Clinical Research Unit, Bristol Eye Hospital, Bristol, UK; Department of Ophthalmology, Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland; Department of Ophthalmology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands.|C. Tappeiner, MD, FEBO, Department of Ophthalmology, St. Franziskus Hospital, and Department of Ophthalmology, Inselspital, University of Bern; M. Mesquida, MD, PhD, Institut Clinic d'Oftalmologia, Hospital Clínic de Barcelona, University of Barcelona; A. Adán, MD, PhD, Institut Clinic d'Oftalmologia, Hospital Clínic de Barcelona, University of Barcelona; J. Anton, MD, PhD, Pediatric Rheumatology Unit, Hospital Sant Joan de Déu, University of Barcelona; A.V. Ramanan, MD, Department of Paediatric Rheumatology, Bristol Royal Hospital for Children; E. Carreno, MD, PhD, Clinical Research Unit, Bristol Eye Hospital; F. Mackensen, MD, Department of Ophthalmology and Interdisciplinary Uveitis Center, University of Heidelberg; K. Kotaniemi, MD, PhD, Department of Ophthalmology, Helsinki University Hospital; J.H. de Boer, MD, PhD, Department of Ophthalmology, University Medical Center Utrecht; R. Bou, MD, Pediatric Rheumatology Unit, Hospital Sant Joan de Déu, University of Barcelona; C.G. de Vicuña, MD, Ophthalmology Department, Hospital Sant Joan de Déu, University of Barcelona; A. Heiligenhaus, MD, Department of Ophthalmology, St. Franziskus Hospital, and University of Duisburg-Essen.
authors.forename: Arnd
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Heiligenhaus
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D061067:Antibodies, Monoclonal, Humanized / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D018501:Antirheumatic Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D001171:Arthritis, Juvenile / Q000150:complications / Q000188:drug therapy*; D002648:Child; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007166:Immunosuppressive Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D008297:Male; D008727:Methotrexate / Q000627:therapeutic use; D019233:Retreatment; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D014605:Uveitis / Q000150:complications / Q000188:drug therapy*; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D061067:Antibodies, Monoclonal, Humanized; D018501:Antirheumatic Agents; D007166:Immunosuppressive Agents; C502936:tocilizumab; D008727:Methotrexate
keywords: BIOLOGICS; CYSTOID MACULAR EDEMA; JUVENILE IDIOPATHIC ARTHRITIS; TOCILIZUMAB; UVEITIS