title: Whether G-CSF administration has beneficial effect on the outcome after assisted reproductive technology? A systematic review and meta-analysis.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Previous studies have explored the effect of granulocyte colony stimulating factor (G-CSF) administration on the outcome of assisted reproductive technology (ART), and came into controversial conclusions. The present meta-analysis aims to assess whether G-CSF administration has beneficial effect on the outcome after ART.
  
  
  METHODS
  The electronic databases Pubmed, Embase and Google Scholar were searched up to May 2016. Articles that studied the effect of G-CSF administration on the outcome after ART were included in the present meta-analysis. Odds ratio (OR) with 95 % confidence interval (95 % CI) were calculated to assess the effect of G-CSF administration on the outcome after ART. The outcomes of interest were implantation rate (IR) and pregnancy rate (PR).
  
  
  RESULTS
  Four cohort studies with 1101 embryos transplantation assessed the effect of G-CSF administration on IR and 6 studies with 621 cycles assessed the role of G-CSF administration in PR. Meta-analysis did not found an increased embryo IR in G-CSF administration cycles [OR 1.59 (95 % CI 0.74-3.41). whereas the PR with G-CSF administration was significantly higher compared with cases without G-CSF administration [OR 2.03 (95 % CI 1.19-3.46)]. Additionally, we found that G-CSF administrated subcutaneously resulted in significantly higher PR [OR 3.12 (95 % CI 1.67-5.81)] and IR [OR 2.82 (95 % CI 1.29-6.15)] compared with control group, whereas G-CSF administrated via local uterine infusion had no beneficial effect on the PR [OR 1.42 (95 % CI 0.91-2.24)] and IR [OR 1.10 (95 % CI 0.76-1.60)] after ART.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  G-CSF administration may have beneficial effect on clinical pregnancy outcome after ART. Subcutaneous injection may be an optimal route of G-CSF administration. Further cohort studies are required to explore the mechanisms undergone the effect and investigate the best route and dose of G-CSF administration.
authors.affiliation: Department of Reproductive Medicine, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, 87 Xiangya Road, Changsha City, Hunan Province, 410008, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Zhao
authors.affiliation: Department of Reproductive Medicine, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, 87 Xiangya Road, Changsha City, Hunan Province, 410008, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Xu
authors.affiliation: Department of Reproductive Medicine, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, 87 Xiangya Road, Changsha City, Hunan Province, 410008, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Xie
authors.affiliation: Department of Reproductive Medicine, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, 87 Xiangya Road, Changsha City, Hunan Province, 410008, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Q
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: Department of Reproductive Medicine, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, 87 Xiangya Road, Changsha City, Hunan Province, 410008, People's Republic of China. LYP7798@126.com.
authors.forename: Y P
authors.initials: YP
authors.lastname: Li
keywords: Assisted reproductive technology (ART); Granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF); Implantation rate; Pregnancy rate