title: A comparison of adaptive iterative dose reduction 3D and filtered back projection in craniocervical CT angiography.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To compare the effects of exposure parameters on image quality and radiation dose for craniocervical computed tomography angiography (CTA) using adaptive iterative dose reduction in three dimensions (AIDR 3D) and filtered back projection (FBP) algorithms.
  
  
  METHODS
  One hundred and eighty patients were divided into three groups; group A (120 kV, 300 mA, FBP), group B (100 kV, automatic mA, AIDR 3D) and group C (80kV, automatic mA, AIDR 3D). Image quality and radiation dose were evaluated for each group.
  
  
  RESULTS
  For both cervical and intracranial vessels, CT attenuation, signal-to-noise ratio (SNR), and contrast-to-noise ratio (CNR) were higher in the AIDR 3D groups. The difference in mean vascular noise was also statistically significant (p<0.001), with group B having the lowest value at 16.5±3.2 HU and group C having the highest at 19.1±2.9 HU. FBP reconstruction resulted in lower image-quality scores for the common carotid artery. Parenchymal image-quality scores also varied significantly different between groups with group C partially failing to meet the minimum standards for diagnostic use. For the middle cerebral artery, image-quality scores were significantly better in group A, although images from groups B and C also satisfied clinical diagnostic requirements. The image quality of the internal carotid artery was the best in group B. Image-quality scores between groups were not significantly different for the carotid sinus. Radiation doses in the groups using AIDR 3D were >70% lower than in the FBP group.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  AIDR 3D (100 kV, automatic modulation) provides optimal image quality of vascular and parenchymal tissues at significantly lower radiation doses (mSV) than FBP in craniocervical CTA. For cases in which highly accurate parenchymal assessment is not required, the tube voltage can be lowered to 80 kV to further decrease radiation dose.
authors.affiliation: Department of CT Diagnosis, Cangzhou Central Hospital, Cangzhou, Hebei, 061001, China. Electronic address: shujingyu_med@126.com.
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Yu
authors.affiliation: Department of CT Diagnosis, Cangzhou Central Hospital, Cangzhou, Hebei, 061001, China.
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: Department of CT Diagnosis, Cangzhou Central Hospital, Cangzhou, Hebei, 061001, China.
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Zheng
authors.affiliation: Department of CT Diagnosis, Cangzhou Central Hospital, Cangzhou, Hebei, 061001, China.
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Xu
authors.affiliation: Department of CT Diagnosis, Cangzhou Central Hospital, Cangzhou, Hebei, 061001, China.
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.affiliation: Department of CT Diagnosis, Cangzhou Central Hospital, Cangzhou, Hebei, 061001, China.
authors.forename: Z
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Song
mesh_terms: D000465:Algorithms; D002561:Cerebrovascular Disorders / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D000072226:Computed Tomography Angiography / Q000379:methods*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D021621:Imaging, Three-Dimensional / Q000379:methods*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011829:Radiation Dosage; D000069079:Radiation Exposure / Q000032:analysis* / Q000517:prevention & control*; D011835:Radiation Protection / Q000379:methods*; D011856:Radiographic Image Enhancement / Q000379:methods; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity