title: Treadmill exercise ameliorates intracerebral hemorrhage-induced depression in rats.
abstract: Intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) is a severe type of stroke causing neurological dysfunction with high mortality rate. Depression is one of the most common complications of ICH. In the present study, the effects of treadmill exercise on ICH-induced depressive symptoms in relation with apoptosis were investigated using rats. ICH rat model was induced by injection of collagenase into the hippocampus using stereotaxic instrument. Open field test for activity and forced swimming test for depressive symptoms were conducted. Apoptosis in the hippocampus was detected using terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated dUTP nick end labeling assay, immunohistochemistry for caspase-3, and western blot for Bcl-2 and Bax. Western blot analysis for 5-hydroxy-tryptamine (5-HT, serotonin) and tryptophan hydroxylase (TPH) in the dorsal raphe was also conducted for biomarkers of depression. In the present results, immobility time was increased and climbing time was decreased by induction of ICH and treadmill exercise inhibited immobility time and increased climbing time in ICH rats. DNA fragmentation and caspase-3 expression in the hippocampal dentate gyrus were enhanced by induction of ICH and treadmill exercise suppressed ICH-induced DNA fragmentation and caspase-3 expression. Bax expression in the hippocampus was increased by induction of ICH and treadmill exercise inhibited Bax expression in the ICH rats. Expressions of 5-HT and TPH in the dorsal raphe were decreased by induction of ICH and treadmill exercise increased expressions of 5-HT and TPH in the ICH rats. In the present study, treadmill exercise ameliorated depressive symptoms through inhibiting apoptosis.
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, Gachon University Gil Medical Center, Gachon University School of Medicine, Incheon, Korea.
authors.forename: Joo Hwan
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Roh
authors.affiliation: Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Korea.
authors.forename: Il-Gyu
authors.initials: IG
authors.lastname: Ko
authors.affiliation: Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Korea.
authors.forename: Sung-Eun
authors.initials: SE
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.affiliation: Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Korea.
authors.forename: Jae-Min
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.affiliation: Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Korea.
authors.forename: Eun-Sang
authors.initials: ES
authors.lastname: Ji
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, Gachon University Gil Medical Center, Gachon University School of Medicine, Incheon, Korea.
authors.forename: Ju Ho
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, Gachon University Gil Medical Center, Gachon University School of Medicine, Incheon, Korea.
authors.forename: Hyun-Kyung
authors.initials: HK
authors.lastname: Chang
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, Gachon University Gil Medical Center, Gachon University School of Medicine, Incheon, Korea.
authors.forename: Seung Kyu
authors.initials: SK
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, Gachon University Gil Medical Center, Gachon University School of Medicine, Incheon, Korea.
authors.forename: Khae Hawn
authors.initials: KH
authors.lastname: Kim
keywords: Apoptosis; Depression; Dorsal raphe; Hippocampus; Intracerebral hemorrhage; Treadmill exercise