title: Vertical parasagittal hemispherotomy for Sturge-Weber syndrome in early infancy: case report and literature review.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The authors here present a rare case of a 3-month-old infant with unilateral Sturge-Weber syndrome (SWS) who had excellent seizure control and no aggravation of previous existed neurological deficits after vertical parasagittal hemispherotomy (VPH). To our knowledge, this patient with SWS was the youngest one who received VPH.
  
  
  METHODS
  The use of VPH results in a successful treatment of intractable epilepsy in a patient with seizure onset in early infancy. At follow-up, the patient's neurodevelopmental status has been improved since the surgery.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  It is generally accepted that early-onset seizures in children with SWS are associated with worse neurological and developmental outcomes. However, when surgical treatment should be considered and how it should be performed remain a longstanding controversy. We promote early surgery in children with SWS and early-onset epilepsy.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  We suggest that VPH may be a useful adjuvant in the management of SWS with refractory epilepsy in early infancy and this procedure carries low neurological risk.
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurosurgery, Jinling Hospital, School of Medicine, Nanjing University, 305 East Zhongshan Road, Nanjing, 210002 Jiangsu Province People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Xiangyu
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurosurgery, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, 4-1-1 Ogawahigashi-cho, Kodaira, Tokyo 187-8551 Japan.
authors.forename: Taisuke
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Otsuki
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurosurgery, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, 4-1-1 Ogawahigashi-cho, Kodaira, Tokyo 187-8551 Japan.
authors.forename: Akio
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Takahashi
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurosurgery, National Hospital Organization Nara Medical Center, Shichijo 2-789, Nara, 630-8053 Japan.
authors.forename: Takanobu
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Kaido
keywords: Epilepsy surgery; Seizure; Sturge–Weber syndrome; Vertical parasagittal hemispherotomy