title: Detection of ctx-M gene in ESBL-producing E. coli strains isolated from urinary tract infection in Semnan, Iran.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The incidence of urinary tract infections caused by Extended-Spectrum Beta Lactamase (ESBL) producing Escherichia coli (E. coli) strains due to long term and overuse of broad-spectrum cephalosporine is on the rise. CTX beta-lactamase type, a broad-spectrum beta-lactamase, has been expanding in many countries. The ctx gene is harbored on a plasmid that is spread between Enterobacteriaceae family, especially in E. coli. The aim of this study was to determine the pattern of antimicrobial resistance and investigate the prevalent ESBL phenotype and the ctx-M gene in E. coli isolated from patients with urinary tract infections (UTI) in Semnan.
  
  
  METHODS
  A cross sectional study was performed on 109 strains of E. coli isolated from the urine culture of patient suffering from a UTI referred to Shafa hospital (Semnan, Iran) during March-July 2015. Antimicrobial susceptibility testing was applied and the prevalence of the ESBL phenotype was confirmed using combination disk. PCR methods were completed for amplification of the bla ctx gene. Data were analyzed using SPSS version 18 software.
  
  
  RESULTS
  One hundred ninety samples (4.16%) were identified as E. coli. Twenty one (26.6%) of E. coli were ESBL positive and 73.4% were ESBL negative. There was 100% susceptibility to imipeneme. Twenty (68.97%) out of 29 isolates were positive for the ctx-M gene, as detected by PCR.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In urinary tract infections, antibiotic treatment was experimental and detailed information regarding the sensitivity of bacteria in the area can be useful to achieve the best treatment.
authors.affiliation: M.Sc., Department of Microbiology, Ayatollah Amoli Branch, Islamic Azad University, Amol, Iran.
authors.forename: Mahbobeh Mohammad
authors.initials: MM
authors.lastname: Tabar
authors.affiliation: Ph.D., Assistant Professor, Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Student Research Committee, Semnan University of Medical Sciences, Semnan, Iran.
authors.forename: Shiva
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Mirkalantari
authors.affiliation: M.Sc., Instructor, Department of Microbiology, Ayatollah Amoli Branch, Islamic Azad University, Amol, Iran.
authors.forename: Rabeeh Izadi
authors.initials: RI
authors.lastname: Amoli
keywords: E. coli; ESBL; ctx-M gene; urinary tract infection