title: Primary focal segmental glomerulosclerosis: miRNAs and targeted therapies.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Primary focal segmental glomerulosclerosis (FSGS) is a common cause of nephrotic syndrome.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  The pathogenic steps leading to primary FSGS are still obscure, although evidence suggests that circulatory factor(s) are involved in the onset of disease.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Recent technical advances allow the analysis of miRNA expression in tissues and body fluids, leading to reports of miRNAs involved in the molecular mechanisms of FSGS-aetiopathogenesis. Moreover, investigations have also highlighted miRNAs that might serve as biomarkers for primary FSGS.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The aim of this review was to summarize reports showing a direct relation between miRNAs and primary FSGS. In addition, the impact of identified miRNAs on treatment response, prediction of the disease onset as well as the regulation in different disease activities is summarized.
authors.affiliation: Department of Internal Medicine IV (Nephrology and Hypertension), Medical University Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria. Johannes.leierer@i-med.ac.at.
authors.forename: Johannes
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Leierer
authors.affiliation: Department of Internal Medicine IV (Nephrology and Hypertension), Medical University Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria.
authors.forename: Gert
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Mayer
authors.affiliation: Department of Internal Medicine IV (Nephrology and Hypertension), Medical University Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria.
authors.forename: Andreas
authors.identifier: http://orcid.org/0000-0002-2945-2946
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Kronbichler
mesh_terms: D005544:Forecasting; D005923:Glomerulosclerosis, Focal Segmental / Q000628:therapy* / Q000652:urine; D035683:MicroRNAs / Q000378:metabolism*; D058990:Molecular Targeted Therapy / Q000379:methods*; D050199:Podocytes / Q000378:metabolism; D013234:Stem Cells / Q000502:physiology; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D035683:MicroRNAs
keywords: 
  FSGS
  ; micro-RNA; podocytes