title: Effects of Granulocyte Colony-Stimulating Factor (GCSF) on Persistent Thin Endometrium in Frozen Embryo Transfer (FET) Cycles.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To predict the effectiveness of granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (GCSF) in the treatment of persistent thin endometrium resistant to other treatments in frozen embryo transfer (FET) cycles.
  
  
  METHODS
  This is a hospital-based prospective study.
  
  
  METHODS
  Thirty-five women with persistent thin endometrium (<7 mm) resistant to standard treatments were involved in this study.
  
  
  METHODS
  Intrauterine infusion of GCSF (300 mcg/1 ml) was done in patients with thin endometrium on day 14 of FET cycles, and their endometrial thicknesses were measured after 48 h of infusion.
  
  
  METHODS
  The primary outcome was an increase in endometrial thickness and the secondary outcome measures were chemical and clinical pregnancies.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The endometrial thickness increased from 5.86 ± 0.58 to 6.58 ± 0.84 mm after GCSF infusion. In 19 of the 35 participants (54.28 %) endometrial thickness increased to ≥7 mm and they subsequently underwent embryo transfer. Of these, 3 (15.78 %) patients had chemical pregnancy, but there was no clinical pregnancy. In 16 participants, embryo transfer was canceled in view of insufficient endometrial thickness (<7 mm).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  GCSF caused a small increase in endometrial thickness in women with persistent thin endometrium, but there was no improvement in their pregnancy rates.
authors.affiliation: Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Institute of Kidney Disease and Research Centre - Institute of Transplantation Sciences, Civil Hospital Campus, Ahmedabad, Gujrat India.
authors.forename: Vineet V
authors.identifier: 0000-0002-3249-694X
authors.initials: VV
authors.lastname: Mishra
authors.affiliation: Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Institute of Kidney Disease and Research Centre - Institute of Transplantation Sciences, Civil Hospital Campus, Ahmedabad, Gujrat India.
authors.forename: Sumesh
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Choudhary
authors.affiliation: Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Institute of Kidney Disease and Research Centre - Institute of Transplantation Sciences, Civil Hospital Campus, Ahmedabad, Gujrat India.
authors.forename: Urmila
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: Sharma
authors.affiliation: Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Institute of Kidney Disease and Research Centre - Institute of Transplantation Sciences, Civil Hospital Campus, Ahmedabad, Gujrat India.
authors.forename: Rohina
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Aggarwal
authors.affiliation: Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Institute of Kidney Disease and Research Centre - Institute of Transplantation Sciences, Civil Hospital Campus, Ahmedabad, Gujrat India.
authors.forename: Ritu
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Agarwal
authors.affiliation: Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Institute of Kidney Disease and Research Centre - Institute of Transplantation Sciences, Civil Hospital Campus, Ahmedabad, Gujrat India.
authors.forename: Khushali
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Gandhi
authors.affiliation: Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Institute of Kidney Disease and Research Centre - Institute of Transplantation Sciences, Civil Hospital Campus, Ahmedabad, Gujrat India.
authors.forename: Nilesh
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Goraniya
keywords: Chemical and clinical pregnancy; Frozen embryo transfer cycles; GCSF; Thin endometrium