title: [Cytotoxic effects of local anesthesia through lidocaine/ropivacaine on human melanoma cell lines].
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Local anesthetics (LAs) are generally considered as safe, but cytotoxicity has been reported for several local anesthetics used in humans, which is not well investigated. In the present study, the cytotoxicity of lidocaine, ropivacaine and the combination of lidocaine and ropivacaine were evaluated on human melanoma cell lines. Melphalan, a nitrogen mustard alkylating agent, was used as a control agent for comparison of cytotoxic activity.
  
  
  METHODS
  Melanoma cell lines, A375 and Hs294T, were exposed to 1h to different concentrations of above agents. Cell-viability after exposure was determined by flow cytometry.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Investigated LAs showed detrimental cytotoxicity on studied melanoma cell lines in time- (p<0.001), concentration- (p<0.001), and agent dependant. In both A375 and Hs294T cell lines, minimum cell viability rates were found after 72h of exposure to these agents. Lidocaine 2% caused a reduction of vital cells to 10%±2% and 14%±2% in A375 and Hs294T, respectively after 72h of exposure. Ropivacaine 0.75% after 72h reduced viable cells to 15%±3% and 25%±3% in A375 and Hs294T, respectively. Minimum cell viability after 72h exposure to the combination was 10%±2% and 18%±2% in A375 and Hs294T, respectively. Minimum cell viability after 72h exposure to melphalan was 8%±1% and 12%±2%, in A375 and Hs294T, respectively.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  LAs have cytotoxic activity on human melanoma cell lines in a time-, concentration- and agent-dependant manner. Apoptosis in the cell lines was mediated through activity of caspases-3 and caspases-8.
authors.affiliation: Luoyang Orthopedic - Traumatological Hospital, Department of Anesthesiology, Luoyang, China. Electronic address: kangdingkun63@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Ding-Kun
authors.initials: DK
authors.lastname: Kang
authors.affiliation: Luoyang Orthopedic - Traumatological Hospital, Department of Anesthesiology, Luoyang, China.
authors.forename: Li-Yan
authors.initials: LY
authors.lastname: Zhao
authors.affiliation: Luoyang Orthopedic - Traumatological Hospital, Department of Anesthesiology, Luoyang, China.
authors.forename: Hong-Li
authors.initials: HL
authors.lastname: Wang
keywords: Aminoamide local anesthetics; Anestésicos locais do grupo amino‐amida; Citometria de fluxo; Citotoxicidade; Cytotoxicity; Flow cytometry; Lidocaine; Lidocaína; Linhagens celulares de melanoma; Melanoma cell lines; Ropivacaine; Ropivacaína