title: [Opportunistic infections and sarcoidosis].
abstract: Opportunistic infections (OI) are uncommon in sarcoidosis (1 to 10%) and mostly occur in patients with previously diagnosed disease or can rarely be the presenting manifestation. The most common OIs are, in descending order: aspergillosis, cryptococcosis, and mycobacterial infections. Treatment with corticosteroids is the most frequent risk factor for OI occurrence during sarcoidosis but immunosuppressive drugs and therapy with anti-TNFα are also risk factors. Overall, clinical presentation, treatment, and outcome are identical to that occur in other conditions complicated with the occurrence of OIs. However, some atypical presentations of OIs can mimic sarcoidosis exacerbation and misdiagnosis may lead clinicians to increase immunosuppression, causing worsening of the OI. The meticulous collection of patient's history along with factors differentiating OI from sarcoidosis exacerbation is key factor to optimally manage these patients.
authors.affiliation: Service de médecine interne, hôpital de la Croix-Rousse, 103, grande rue de la Croix-Rousse, 69004 Lyon, France; Université Claude-Bernard-Lyon 1, 69004 Lyon, France; International research center on infectiology (CIRI), Inserm U1111, 69007 Lyon, France. Electronic address: yvanjamilloux@hotmail.com.
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Jamilloux
authors.affiliation: Service de médecine interne, hôpital de la Croix-Rousse, 103, grande rue de la Croix-Rousse, 69004 Lyon, France; Université Claude-Bernard-Lyon 1, 69004 Lyon, France.
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Bernard
authors.affiliation: Necker Pasteur center for infectious diseases and tropical medicine, Necker enfants malades, IHU Imagine, AP-HP, 75743 Paris, France; Institut Pasteur, centre national de référence des mycoses invasives, des antifongiques, et de mycologie moléculaire, 75743 Paris, France; CNRS URA3012, 75743 Paris, France.
authors.forename: O
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Lortholary
authors.affiliation: ECSTRA, épidémiologie et biostatistiques, UMR 1153, Inserm, 75004 Paris, France.
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Kerever
authors.affiliation: Service de médecine interne, hôpital de la Croix-Rousse, 103, grande rue de la Croix-Rousse, 69004 Lyon, France; Université Claude-Bernard-Lyon 1, 69004 Lyon, France.
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Lelièvre
authors.affiliation: Service de médecine interne, hôpital de la Croix-Rousse, 103, grande rue de la Croix-Rousse, 69004 Lyon, France; Université Claude-Bernard-Lyon 1, 69004 Lyon, France.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Gerfaud-Valentin
authors.affiliation: Service de médecine interne, hôpital de la Croix-Rousse, 103, grande rue de la Croix-Rousse, 69004 Lyon, France; Université Claude-Bernard-Lyon 1, 69004 Lyon, France.
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Broussolle
authors.affiliation: COMUE Sorbonne Paris Cité, hôpital Avicenne et université Paris 13, Assistance publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, 93000 Bobigny, France.
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Valeyre
authors.affiliation: Service de médecine interne, hôpital de la Croix-Rousse, 103, grande rue de la Croix-Rousse, 69004 Lyon, France; Université Claude-Bernard-Lyon 1, 69004 Lyon, France.
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Sève
mesh_terms: D001228:Aspergillosis / Q000209:etiology; D003453:Cryptococcosis / Q000209:etiology; D006801:Humans; D016867:Immunocompromised Host; D009164:Mycobacterium Infections / Q000209:etiology; D009181:Mycoses / Q000209:etiology; D009894:Opportunistic Infections / Q000209:etiology* / Q000276:immunology / Q000628:therapy; D035583:Rare Diseases / Q000209:etiology; D012307:Risk Factors; D012507:Sarcoidosis / Q000150:complications* / Q000276:immunology / Q000628:therapy; D014777:Virus Diseases / Q000209:etiology
keywords: Aspergillose; Aspergillosis; Cryptococcose; Cryptococcosis; Infections opportunistes; Leucoencéphalite multifocale progressive (LEMP); Opportunistic infections; Progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy; Sarcoidosis; Sarcoïdose; Tuberculose; Tuberculosis