title: Use of antiseptic mouthrinse during pregnancy and pregnancy outcomes: a randomised controlled clinical trial in rural China.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To determine whether an antimicrobial mouthrinse intervention reduces adverse pregnancy outcomes in a low-resource rural area.
  
  
  METHODS
  Randomised controlled trial.
  
  
  METHODS
  A county-level maternal health care hospital in China.
  
  
  METHODS
  Pregnant women of less than 20 weeks of gestation having periodontal disease.
  
  
  METHODS
  Women with periodontal disease were randomised into the intervention (n = 232) and control group (n = 234). Participants in the intervention group were provided with free mouthrinse (alcohol-free mouthrinse containing 0.7% cetylpyridinium chloride) throughout the pregnancy and given education on oral health. Women in the control group only received oral hygiene education. All participants had a periodontal re-examination at the third trimester and were followed-up to childbirth.
  
  
  METHODS
  The primary outcome was gestational age. Secondary outcomes included birthweight, periodontal disease score, pregnancy complications (small-for-gestational-age, gestational hypertension, gestational diabetic mellitus, severe anaemia, premature rupture of membrane).
  
  
  RESULTS
  The general periodontal status of the intervention group at the third trimester was significantly better than that of the control group (measured by periodontal disease score: 11.26 ± 3.60 versus 11.92 ± 3.01; P = 0.04). There was no difference in pregnancy outcome between the two groups except for premature rupture of the membranes. The women in the intervention group had a significantly reduced risk of premature rupture of the membranes compared with the control group (1.4 versus 5.7%, OR = 0.23, 95% CI 0.07-0.84; P = 0.03).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The mouthrinse intervention during pregnancy improved periodontal health. The intervention did not lead to a change in gestational age but it reduced the rate of premature membrane rupture. Further studies are needed to explore the biological mechanism of this association.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Use of antiseptic mouthrinse during pregnancy may improve maternal oral health and pregnancy outcomes.
authors.affiliation: School of Public Health, Fudan University, Shanghai, China. h_jiang@fudan.edu.cn.|Key Laboratory of Public Health Safety, Ministry of Education, Fudan University, Shanghai, China. h_jiang@fudan.edu.cn.
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Jiang
authors.affiliation: School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA, USA.
authors.forename: X
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Xiong
authors.affiliation: Eye & ENT Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, China.
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Su
authors.affiliation: Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital, Leping, Jiangxi Province, China.
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Peng
authors.affiliation: Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital, Leping, Jiangxi Province, China.
authors.forename: X
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Zhu
authors.affiliation: Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital, Leping, Jiangxi Province, China.
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: School of Public Health, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.|Key Laboratory of Public Health Safety, Ministry of Education, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.affiliation: School of Public Health, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.|Global Health Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.
authors.forename: X
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Qian
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000891:Anti-Infective Agents, Local / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D002681:China; D005260:Female; D005322:Premature Rupture of Fetal Membranes / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000517:prevention & control*; D005865:Gestational Age; D006801:Humans; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D009067:Mouthwashes / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D009909:Oral Health / Q000193:education*; D010510:Periodontal Diseases / Q000150:complications / Q000517:prevention & control*; D011247:Pregnancy; D011256:Pregnancy Outcome; D037841:Pregnant People; D047928:Premature Birth / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000517:prevention & control*; D011295:Prenatal Care; D012424:Rural Population
chemical_list: D000891:Anti-Infective Agents, Local; D009067:Mouthwashes
keywords: Gestational age; mouthrinse; mouthwash; periodontal disease; pregnancy outcome(s); premature rupture of membrane; 妊娠结局; 孕龄; 漱口水; 牙周病; 胎膜早破