title: Genetic Determinants of Cisplatin Resistance in Patients With Advanced Germ Cell Tumors.
abstract: Purpose Owing to its exquisite chemotherapy sensitivity, most patients with metastatic germ cell tumors (GCTs) are cured with cisplatin-based chemotherapy. However, up to 30% of patients with advanced GCT exhibit cisplatin resistance, which requires intensive salvage treatment, and have a 50% risk of cancer-related death. To identify a genetic basis for cisplatin resistance, we performed whole-exome and targeted sequencing of cisplatin-sensitive and cisplatin-resistant GCTs. Methods Men with GCT who received a cisplatin-containing chemotherapy regimen and had available tumor tissue were eligible to participate in this study. Whole-exome sequencing or targeted exon-capture-based sequencing was performed on 180 tumors. Patients were categorized as cisplatin sensitive or cisplatin resistant by using a combination of postchemotherapy parameters, including serum tumor marker levels, radiology, and pathology at surgical resection of residual disease. Results TP53 alterations were present exclusively in cisplatin-resistant tumors and were particularly prevalent among primary mediastinal nonseminomas (72%). TP53 pathway alterations including MDM2 amplifications were more common among patients with adverse clinical features, categorized as poor risk according to the International Germ Cell Cancer Collaborative Group (IGCCCG) model. Despite this association, TP53 and MDM2 alterations predicted adverse prognosis independent of the IGCCCG model. Actionable alterations, including novel RAC1 mutations, were detected in 55% of cisplatin-resistant GCTs. Conclusion In GCT, TP53 and MDM2 alterations were associated with cisplatin resistance and inferior outcomes, independent of the IGCCCG model. The finding of frequent TP53 alterations among mediastinal primary nonseminomas may explain the more frequent chemoresistance observed with this tumor subtype. A substantial portion of cisplatin-resistant GCTs harbor actionable alterations, which might respond to targeted therapies. Genomic profiling of patients with advanced GCT could improve current risk stratification and identify novel therapeutic approaches for patients with cisplatin-resistant disease.
authors.affiliation: Aditya Bagrodia, Byron H. Lee, William Lee, Eugene K. Cha, Gopa Iyer, Eugene J. Pietzak, Sizhi Paul Gao, Emily C. Zabor, Irina Ostrovnaya, Samuel D. Kaffenberger, Aijazuddin Syed, Maria E. Arcila, Raju S. Chaganti, Ritika Kundra, Jana Eng, Joseph Hreiki, Michael F. Berger, Dean F. Bajorin, Manjit S. Bains, Nikolaus Schultz, Victor E. Reuter, Joel Sheinfeld, George J. Bosl, Hikmat A. Al-Ahmadie, David B. Solit, Darren R. Feldman, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center; John P. Sfakianos, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai; Gopa Iyer, Michael F. Berger, Dean F. Bajorin, Manjit S. Bains, Victor E. Reuter, Joel Sheinfeld, George J. Bosl, Hikmat A. Al-Ahmadie, David B. Solit, Darren R. Feldman, Weill Cornell Medical College; and Vladimir Vacic, Kanika Arora, Dayna M. Oschwald, New York Genome Center, New York, NY.
authors.forename: Aditya
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Bagrodia
authors.affiliation: Aditya Bagrodia, Byron H. Lee, William Lee, Eugene K. Cha, Gopa Iyer, Eugene J. Pietzak, Sizhi Paul Gao, Emily C. Zabor, Irina Ostrovnaya, Samuel D. Kaffenberger, Aijazuddin Syed, Maria E. Arcila, Raju S. Chaganti, Ritika Kundra, Jana Eng, Joseph Hreiki, Michael F. Berger, Dean F. Bajorin, Manjit S. Bains, Nikolaus Schultz, Victor E. Reuter, Joel Sheinfeld, George J. Bosl, Hikmat A. Al-Ahmadie, David B. Solit, Darren R. Feldman, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center; John P. Sfakianos, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai; Gopa Iyer, Michael F. Berger, Dean F. Bajorin, Manjit S. Bains, Victor E. Reuter, Joel Sheinfeld, George J. Bosl, Hikmat A. Al-Ahmadie, David B. Solit, Darren R. Feldman, Weill Cornell Medical College; and Vladimir Vacic, Kanika Arora, Dayna M. Oschwald, New York Genome Center, New York, NY.
authors.forename: Byron H
authors.initials: BH
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.affiliation: Aditya Bagrodia, Byron H. Lee, William Lee, Eugene K. Cha, Gopa Iyer, Eugene J. Pietzak, Sizhi Paul Gao, Emily C. Zabor, Irina Ostrovnaya, Samuel D. Kaffenberger, Aijazuddin Syed, Maria E. Arcila, Raju S. Chaganti, Ritika Kundra, Jana Eng, Joseph Hreiki, Michael F. Berger, Dean F. Bajorin, Manjit S. Bains, Nikolaus Schultz, Victor E. Reuter, Joel Sheinfeld, George J. Bosl, Hikmat A. Al-Ahmadie, David B. Solit, Darren R. Feldman, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center; John P. Sfakianos, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai; Gopa Iyer, Michael F. Berger, Dean F. Bajorin, Manjit S. Bains, Victor E. Reuter, Joel Sheinfeld, George J. Bosl, Hikmat A. Al-Ahmadie, David B. Solit, Darren R. Feldman, Weill Cornell Medical College; and Vladimir Vacic, Kanika Arora, Dayna M. Oschwald, New York Genome Center, New York, NY.
authors.forename: William
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.affiliation: Aditya Bagrodia, Byron H. Lee, William Lee, Eugene K. Cha, Gopa Iyer, Eugene J. Pietzak, Sizhi Paul Gao, Emily C. Zabor, Irina Ostrovnaya, Samuel D. Kaffenberger, Aijazuddin Syed, Maria E. Arcila, Raju S. Chaganti, Ritika Kundra, Jana Eng, Joseph Hreiki, Michael F. Berger, Dean F. Bajorin, Manjit S. Bains, Nikolaus Schultz, Victor E. Reuter, Joel Sheinfeld, George J. Bosl, Hikmat A. Al-Ahmadie, David B. Solit, Darren R. Feldman, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center; John P. Sfakianos, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai; Gopa Iyer, Michael F. Berger, Dean F. Bajorin, Manjit S. Bains, Victor E. Reuter, Joel Sheinfeld, George J. Bosl, Hikmat A. Al-Ahmadie, David B. Solit, Darren R. Feldman, Weill Cornell Medical College; and Vladimir Vacic, Kanika Arora, Dayna M. Oschwald, New York Genome Center, New York, NY.
authors.forename: Eugene K
authors.initials: EK
authors.lastname: Cha
authors.affiliation: Aditya Bagrodia, Byron H. Lee, William Lee, Eugene K. Cha, Gopa Iyer, Eugene J. Pietzak, Sizhi Paul Gao, Emily C. Zabor, Irina Ostrovnaya, Samuel D. Kaffenberger, Aijazuddin Syed, Maria E. Arcila, Raju S. Chaganti, Ritika Kundra, Jana Eng, Joseph Hreiki, Michael F. Berger, Dean F. Bajorin, Manjit S. Bains, Nikolaus Schultz, Victor E. Reuter, Joel Sheinfeld, George J. Bosl, Hikmat A. Al-Ahmadie, David B. Solit, Darren R. Feldman, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center; John P. Sfakianos, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai; Gopa Iyer, Michael F. Berger, Dean F. Bajorin, Manjit S. Bains, Victor E. Reuter, Joel Sheinfeld, George J. Bosl, Hikmat A. Al-Ahmadie, David B. Solit, Darren R. Feldman, Weill Cornell Medical College; and Vladimir Vacic, Kanika Arora, Dayna M. Oschwald, New York Genome Center, New York, NY.
authors.forename: John P
authors.initials: JP
authors.lastname: Sfakianos
authors.affiliation: Aditya Bagrodia, Byron H. Lee, William Lee, Eugene K. Cha, Gopa Iyer, Eugene J. Pietzak, Sizhi Paul Gao, Emily C. Zabor, Irina Ostrovnaya, Samuel D. Kaffenberger, Aijazuddin Syed, Maria E. Arcila, Raju S. Chaganti, Ritika Kundra, Jana Eng, Joseph Hreiki, Michael F. Berger, Dean F. Bajorin, Manjit S. Bains, Nikolaus Schultz, Victor E. Reuter, Joel Sheinfeld, George J. Bosl, Hikmat A. Al-Ahmadie, David B. Solit, Darren R. Feldman, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center; John P. Sfakianos, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai; Gopa Iyer, Michael F. Berger, Dean F. Bajorin, Manjit S. Bains, Victor E. Reuter, Joel Sheinfeld, George J. Bosl, Hikmat A. Al-Ahmadie, David B. Solit, Darren R. Feldman, Weill Cornell Medical College; and Vladimir Vacic, Kanika Arora, Dayna M. Oschwald, New York Genome Center, New York, NY.
authors.forename: Gopa
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Iyer
authors.affiliation: Aditya Bagrodia, Byron H. Lee, William Lee, Eugene K. Cha, Gopa Iyer, Eugene J. Pietzak, Sizhi Paul Gao, Emily C. Zabor, Irina Ostrovnaya, Samuel D. Kaffenberger, Aijazuddin Syed, Maria E. Arcila, Raju S. Chaganti, Ritika Kundra, Jana Eng, Joseph Hreiki, Michael F. Berger, Dean F. Bajorin, Manjit S. Bains, Nikolaus Schultz, Victor E. Reuter, Joel Sheinfeld, George J. Bosl, Hikmat A. Al-Ahmadie, David B. Solit, Darren R. Feldman, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center; John P. Sfakianos, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai; Gopa Iyer, Michael F. Berger, Dean F. Bajorin, Manjit S. Bains, Victor E. Reuter, Joel Sheinfeld, George J. Bosl, Hikmat A. Al-Ahmadie, David B. Solit, Darren R. Feldman, Weill Cornell Medical College; and Vladimir Vacic, Kanika Arora, Dayna M. Oschwald, New York Genome Center, New York, NY.
authors.forename: Eugene J
authors.initials: EJ
authors.lastname: Pietzak
authors.affiliation: Aditya Bagrodia, Byron H. Lee, William Lee, Eugene K. Cha, Gopa Iyer, Eugene J. Pietzak, Sizhi Paul Gao, Emily C. Zabor, Irina Ostrovnaya, Samuel D. Kaffenberger, Aijazuddin Syed, Maria E. Arcila, Raju S. Chaganti, Ritika Kundra, Jana Eng, Joseph Hreiki, Michael F. Berger, Dean F. Bajorin, Manjit S. Bains, Nikolaus Schultz, Victor E. Reuter, Joel Sheinfeld, George J. Bosl, Hikmat A. Al-Ahmadie, David B. Solit, Darren R. Feldman, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center; John P. Sfakianos, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai; Gopa Iyer, Michael F. Berger, Dean F. Bajorin, Manjit S. Bains, Victor E. Reuter, Joel Sheinfeld, George J. Bosl, Hikmat A. Al-Ahmadie, David B. Solit, Darren R. Feldman, Weill Cornell Medical College; and Vladimir Vacic, Kanika Arora, Dayna M. Oschwald, New York Genome Center, New York, NY.
authors.forename: Sizhi Paul
authors.initials: SP
authors.lastname: Gao
authors.affiliation: Aditya Bagrodia, Byron H. Lee, William Lee, Eugene K. Cha, Gopa Iyer, Eugene J. Pietzak, Sizhi Paul Gao, Emily C. Zabor, Irina Ostrovnaya, Samuel D. Kaffenberger, Aijazuddin Syed, Maria E. Arcila, Raju S. Chaganti, Ritika Kundra, Jana Eng, Joseph Hreiki, Michael F. Berger, Dean F. Bajorin, Manjit S. Bains, Nikolaus Schultz, Victor E. Reuter, Joel Sheinfeld, George J. Bosl, Hikmat A. Al-Ahmadie, David B. Solit, Darren R. Feldman, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center; John P. Sfakianos, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai; Gopa Iyer, Michael F. Berger, Dean F. Bajorin, Manjit S. Bains, Victor E. Reuter, Joel Sheinfeld, George J. Bosl, Hikmat A. Al-Ahmadie, David B. Solit, Darren R. Feldman, Weill Cornell Medical College; and Vladimir Vacic, Kanika Arora, Dayna M. Oschwald, New York Genome Center, New York, NY.
authors.forename: Emily C
authors.initials: EC
authors.lastname: Zabor
authors.affiliation: Aditya Bagrodia, Byron H. Lee, William Lee, Eugene K. Cha, Gopa Iyer, Eugene J. Pietzak, Sizhi Paul Gao, Emily C. Zabor, Irina Ostrovnaya, Samuel D. Kaffenberger, Aijazuddin Syed, Maria E. Arcila, Raju S. Chaganti, Ritika Kundra, Jana Eng, Joseph Hreiki, Michael F. Berger, Dean F. Bajorin, Manjit S. Bains, Nikolaus Schultz, Victor E. Reuter, Joel Sheinfeld, George J. Bosl, Hikmat A. Al-Ahmadie, David B. Solit, Darren R. Feldman, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center; John P. Sfakianos, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai; Gopa Iyer, Michael F. Berger, Dean F. Bajorin, Manjit S. Bains, Victor E. Reuter, Joel Sheinfeld, George J. Bosl, Hikmat A. Al-Ahmadie, David B. Solit, Darren R. Feldman, Weill Cornell Medical College; and Vladimir Vacic, Kanika Arora, Dayna M. Oschwald, New York Genome Center, New York, NY.
authors.forename: Irina
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Ostrovnaya
authors.affiliation: Aditya Bagrodia, Byron H. Lee, William Lee, Eugene K. Cha, Gopa Iyer, Eugene J. Pietzak, Sizhi Paul Gao, Emily C. Zabor, Irina Ostrovnaya, Samuel D. Kaffenberger, Aijazuddin Syed, Maria E. Arcila, Raju S. Chaganti, Ritika Kundra, Jana Eng, Joseph Hreiki, Michael F. Berger, Dean F. Bajorin, Manjit S. Bains, Nikolaus Schultz, Victor E. Reuter, Joel Sheinfeld, George J. Bosl, Hikmat A. Al-Ahmadie, David B. Solit, Darren R. Feldman, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center; John P. Sfakianos, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai; Gopa Iyer, Michael F. Berger, Dean F. Bajorin, Manjit S. Bains, Victor E. Reuter, Joel Sheinfeld, George J. Bosl, Hikmat A. Al-Ahmadie, David B. Solit, Darren R. Feldman, Weill Cornell Medical College; and Vladimir Vacic, Kanika Arora, Dayna M. Oschwald, New York Genome Center, New York, NY.
authors.forename: Samuel D
authors.initials: SD
authors.lastname: Kaffenberger
authors.affiliation: Aditya Bagrodia, Byron H. Lee, William Lee, Eugene K. Cha, Gopa Iyer, Eugene J. Pietzak, Sizhi Paul Gao, Emily C. Zabor, Irina Ostrovnaya, Samuel D. Kaffenberger, Aijazuddin Syed, Maria E. Arcila, Raju S. Chaganti, Ritika Kundra, Jana Eng, Joseph Hreiki, Michael F. Berger, Dean F. Bajorin, Manjit S. Bains, Nikolaus Schultz, Victor E. Reuter, Joel Sheinfeld, George J. Bosl, Hikmat A. Al-Ahmadie, David B. Solit, Darren R. Feldman, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center; John P. Sfakianos, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai; Gopa Iyer, Michael F. Berger, Dean F. Bajorin, Manjit S. Bains, Victor E. Reuter, Joel Sheinfeld, George J. Bosl, Hikmat A. Al-Ahmadie, David B. Solit, Darren R. Feldman, Weill Cornell Medical College; and Vladimir Vacic, Kanika Arora, Dayna M. Oschwald, New York Genome Center, New York, NY.
authors.forename: Aijazuddin
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Syed
authors.affiliation: Aditya Bagrodia, Byron H. Lee, William Lee, Eugene K. Cha, Gopa Iyer, Eugene J. Pietzak, Sizhi Paul Gao, Emily C. Zabor, Irina Ostrovnaya, Samuel D. Kaffenberger, Aijazuddin Syed, Maria E. Arcila, Raju S. Chaganti, Ritika Kundra, Jana Eng, Joseph Hreiki, Michael F. Berger, Dean F. Bajorin, Manjit S. Bains, Nikolaus Schultz, Victor E. Reuter, Joel Sheinfeld, George J. Bosl, Hikmat A. Al-Ahmadie, David B. Solit, Darren R. Feldman, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center; John P. Sfakianos, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai; Gopa Iyer, Michael F. Berger, Dean F. Bajorin, Manjit S. Bains, Victor E. Reuter, Joel Sheinfeld, George J. Bosl, Hikmat A. Al-Ahmadie, David B. Solit, Darren R. Feldman, Weill Cornell Medical College; and Vladimir Vacic, Kanika Arora, Dayna M. Oschwald, New York Genome Center, New York, NY.
authors.forename: Maria E
authors.initials: ME
authors.lastname: Arcila
authors.affiliation: Aditya Bagrodia, Byron H. Lee, William Lee, Eugene K. Cha, Gopa Iyer, Eugene J. Pietzak, Sizhi Paul Gao, Emily C. Zabor, Irina Ostrovnaya, Samuel D. Kaffenberger, Aijazuddin Syed, Maria E. Arcila, Raju S. Chaganti, Ritika Kundra, Jana Eng, Joseph Hreiki, Michael F. Berger, Dean F. Bajorin, Manjit S. Bains, Nikolaus Schultz, Victor E. Reuter, Joel Sheinfeld, George J. Bosl, Hikmat A. Al-Ahmadie, David B. Solit, Darren R. Feldman, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center; John P. Sfakianos, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai; Gopa Iyer, Michael F. Berger, Dean F. Bajorin, Manjit S. Bains, Victor E. Reuter, Joel Sheinfeld, George J. Bosl, Hikmat A. Al-Ahmadie, David B. Solit, Darren R. Feldman, Weill Cornell Medical College; and Vladimir Vacic, Kanika Arora, Dayna M. Oschwald, New York Genome Center, New York, NY.
authors.forename: Raju S
authors.initials: RS
authors.lastname: Chaganti
authors.affiliation: Aditya Bagrodia, Byron H. Lee, William Lee, Eugene K. Cha, Gopa Iyer, Eugene J. Pietzak, Sizhi Paul Gao, Emily C. Zabor, Irina Ostrovnaya, Samuel D. Kaffenberger, Aijazuddin Syed, Maria E. Arcila, Raju S. Chaganti, Ritika Kundra, Jana Eng, Joseph Hreiki, Michael F. Berger, Dean F. Bajorin, Manjit S. Bains, Nikolaus Schultz, Victor E. Reuter, Joel Sheinfeld, George J. Bosl, Hikmat A. Al-Ahmadie, David B. Solit, Darren R. Feldman, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center; John P. Sfakianos, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai; Gopa Iyer, Michael F. Berger, Dean F. Bajorin, Manjit S. Bains, Victor E. Reuter, Joel Sheinfeld, George J. Bosl, Hikmat A. Al-Ahmadie, David B. Solit, Darren R. Feldman, Weill Cornell Medical College; and Vladimir Vacic, Kanika Arora, Dayna M. Oschwald, New York Genome Center, New York, NY.
authors.forename: Ritika
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Kundra
authors.affiliation: Aditya Bagrodia, Byron H. Lee, William Lee, Eugene K. Cha, Gopa Iyer, Eugene J. Pietzak, Sizhi Paul Gao, Emily C. Zabor, Irina Ostrovnaya, Samuel D. Kaffenberger, Aijazuddin Syed, Maria E. Arcila, Raju S. Chaganti, Ritika Kundra, Jana Eng, Joseph Hreiki, Michael F. Berger, Dean F. Bajorin, Manjit S. Bains, Nikolaus Schultz, Victor E. Reuter, Joel Sheinfeld, George J. Bosl, Hikmat A. Al-Ahmadie, David B. Solit, Darren R. Feldman, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center; John P. Sfakianos, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai; Gopa Iyer, Michael F. Berger, Dean F. Bajorin, Manjit S. Bains, Victor E. Reuter, Joel Sheinfeld, George J. Bosl, Hikmat A. Al-Ahmadie, David B. Solit, Darren R. Feldman, Weill Cornell Medical College; and Vladimir Vacic, Kanika Arora, Dayna M. Oschwald, New York Genome Center, New York, NY.
authors.forename: Jana
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Eng
authors.affiliation: Aditya Bagrodia, Byron H. Lee, William Lee, Eugene K. Cha, Gopa Iyer, Eugene J. Pietzak, Sizhi Paul Gao, Emily C. Zabor, Irina Ostrovnaya, Samuel D. Kaffenberger, Aijazuddin Syed, Maria E. Arcila, Raju S. Chaganti, Ritika Kundra, Jana Eng, Joseph Hreiki, Michael F. Berger, Dean F. Bajorin, Manjit S. Bains, Nikolaus Schultz, Victor E. Reuter, Joel Sheinfeld, George J. Bosl, Hikmat A. Al-Ahmadie, David B. Solit, Darren R. Feldman, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center; John P. Sfakianos, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai; Gopa Iyer, Michael F. Berger, Dean F. Bajorin, Manjit S. Bains, Victor E. Reuter, Joel Sheinfeld, George J. Bosl, Hikmat A. Al-Ahmadie, David B. Solit, Darren R. Feldman, Weill Cornell Medical College; and Vladimir Vacic, Kanika Arora, Dayna M. Oschwald, New York Genome Center, New York, NY.
authors.forename: Joseph
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Hreiki
authors.affiliation: Aditya Bagrodia, Byron H. Lee, William Lee, Eugene K. Cha, Gopa Iyer, Eugene J. Pietzak, Sizhi Paul Gao, Emily C. Zabor, Irina Ostrovnaya, Samuel D. Kaffenberger, Aijazuddin Syed, Maria E. Arcila, Raju S. Chaganti, Ritika Kundra, Jana Eng, Joseph Hreiki, Michael F. Berger, Dean F. Bajorin, Manjit S. Bains, Nikolaus Schultz, Victor E. Reuter, Joel Sheinfeld, George J. Bosl, Hikmat A. Al-Ahmadie, David B. Solit, Darren R. Feldman, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center; John P. Sfakianos, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai; Gopa Iyer, Michael F. Berger, Dean F. Bajorin, Manjit S. Bains, Victor E. Reuter, Joel Sheinfeld, George J. Bosl, Hikmat A. Al-Ahmadie, David B. Solit, Darren R. Feldman, Weill Cornell Medical College; and Vladimir Vacic, Kanika Arora, Dayna M. Oschwald, New York Genome Center, New York, NY.
authors.forename: Vladimir
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Vacic
authors.affiliation: Aditya Bagrodia, Byron H. Lee, William Lee, Eugene K. Cha, Gopa Iyer, Eugene J. Pietzak, Sizhi Paul Gao, Emily C. Zabor, Irina Ostrovnaya, Samuel D. Kaffenberger, Aijazuddin Syed, Maria E. Arcila, Raju S. Chaganti, Ritika Kundra, Jana Eng, Joseph Hreiki, Michael F. Berger, Dean F. Bajorin, Manjit S. Bains, Nikolaus Schultz, Victor E. Reuter, Joel Sheinfeld, George J. Bosl, Hikmat A. Al-Ahmadie, David B. Solit, Darren R. Feldman, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center; John P. Sfakianos, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai; Gopa Iyer, Michael F. Berger, Dean F. Bajorin, Manjit S. Bains, Victor E. Reuter, Joel Sheinfeld, George J. Bosl, Hikmat A. Al-Ahmadie, David B. Solit, Darren R. Feldman, Weill Cornell Medical College; and Vladimir Vacic, Kanika Arora, Dayna M. Oschwald, New York Genome Center, New York, NY.
authors.forename: Kanika
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Arora
authors.affiliation: Aditya Bagrodia, Byron H. Lee, William Lee, Eugene K. Cha, Gopa Iyer, Eugene J. Pietzak, Sizhi Paul Gao, Emily C. Zabor, Irina Ostrovnaya, Samuel D. Kaffenberger, Aijazuddin Syed, Maria E. Arcila, Raju S. Chaganti, Ritika Kundra, Jana Eng, Joseph Hreiki, Michael F. Berger, Dean F. Bajorin, Manjit S. Bains, Nikolaus Schultz, Victor E. Reuter, Joel Sheinfeld, George J. Bosl, Hikmat A. Al-Ahmadie, David B. Solit, Darren R. Feldman, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center; John P. Sfakianos, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai; Gopa Iyer, Michael F. Berger, Dean F. Bajorin, Manjit S. Bains, Victor E. Reuter, Joel Sheinfeld, George J. Bosl, Hikmat A. Al-Ahmadie, David B. Solit, Darren R. Feldman, Weill Cornell Medical College; and Vladimir Vacic, Kanika Arora, Dayna M. Oschwald, New York Genome Center, New York, NY.
authors.forename: Dayna M
authors.initials: DM
authors.lastname: Oschwald
authors.affiliation: Aditya Bagrodia, Byron H. Lee, William Lee, Eugene K. Cha, Gopa Iyer, Eugene J. Pietzak, Sizhi Paul Gao, Emily C. Zabor, Irina Ostrovnaya, Samuel D. Kaffenberger, Aijazuddin Syed, Maria E. Arcila, Raju S. Chaganti, Ritika Kundra, Jana Eng, Joseph Hreiki, Michael F. Berger, Dean F. Bajorin, Manjit S. Bains, Nikolaus Schultz, Victor E. Reuter, Joel Sheinfeld, George J. Bosl, Hikmat A. Al-Ahmadie, David B. Solit, Darren R. Feldman, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center; John P. Sfakianos, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai; Gopa Iyer, Michael F. Berger, Dean F. Bajorin, Manjit S. Bains, Victor E. Reuter, Joel Sheinfeld, George J. Bosl, Hikmat A. Al-Ahmadie, David B. Solit, Darren R. Feldman, Weill Cornell Medical College; and Vladimir Vacic, Kanika Arora, Dayna M. Oschwald, New York Genome Center, New York, NY.
authors.forename: Michael F
authors.initials: MF
authors.lastname: Berger
authors.affiliation: Aditya Bagrodia, Byron H. Lee, William Lee, Eugene K. Cha, Gopa Iyer, Eugene J. Pietzak, Sizhi Paul Gao, Emily C. Zabor, Irina Ostrovnaya, Samuel D. Kaffenberger, Aijazuddin Syed, Maria E. Arcila, Raju S. Chaganti, Ritika Kundra, Jana Eng, Joseph Hreiki, Michael F. Berger, Dean F. Bajorin, Manjit S. Bains, Nikolaus Schultz, Victor E. Reuter, Joel Sheinfeld, George J. Bosl, Hikmat A. Al-Ahmadie, David B. Solit, Darren R. Feldman, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center; John P. Sfakianos, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai; Gopa Iyer, Michael F. Berger, Dean F. Bajorin, Manjit S. Bains, Victor E. Reuter, Joel Sheinfeld, George J. Bosl, Hikmat A. Al-Ahmadie, David B. Solit, Darren R. Feldman, Weill Cornell Medical College; and Vladimir Vacic, Kanika Arora, Dayna M. Oschwald, New York Genome Center, New York, NY.
authors.forename: Dean F
authors.initials: DF
authors.lastname: Bajorin
authors.affiliation: Aditya Bagrodia, Byron H. Lee, William Lee, Eugene K. Cha, Gopa Iyer, Eugene J. Pietzak, Sizhi Paul Gao, Emily C. Zabor, Irina Ostrovnaya, Samuel D. Kaffenberger, Aijazuddin Syed, Maria E. Arcila, Raju S. Chaganti, Ritika Kundra, Jana Eng, Joseph Hreiki, Michael F. Berger, Dean F. Bajorin, Manjit S. Bains, Nikolaus Schultz, Victor E. Reuter, Joel Sheinfeld, George J. Bosl, Hikmat A. Al-Ahmadie, David B. Solit, Darren R. Feldman, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center; John P. Sfakianos, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai; Gopa Iyer, Michael F. Berger, Dean F. Bajorin, Manjit S. Bains, Victor E. Reuter, Joel Sheinfeld, George J. Bosl, Hikmat A. Al-Ahmadie, David B. Solit, Darren R. Feldman, Weill Cornell Medical College; and Vladimir Vacic, Kanika Arora, Dayna M. Oschwald, New York Genome Center, New York, NY.
authors.forename: Manjit S
authors.initials: MS
authors.lastname: Bains
authors.affiliation: Aditya Bagrodia, Byron H. Lee, William Lee, Eugene K. Cha, Gopa Iyer, Eugene J. Pietzak, Sizhi Paul Gao, Emily C. Zabor, Irina Ostrovnaya, Samuel D. Kaffenberger, Aijazuddin Syed, Maria E. Arcila, Raju S. Chaganti, Ritika Kundra, Jana Eng, Joseph Hreiki, Michael F. Berger, Dean F. Bajorin, Manjit S. Bains, Nikolaus Schultz, Victor E. Reuter, Joel Sheinfeld, George J. Bosl, Hikmat A. Al-Ahmadie, David B. Solit, Darren R. Feldman, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center; John P. Sfakianos, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai; Gopa Iyer, Michael F. Berger, Dean F. Bajorin, Manjit S. Bains, Victor E. Reuter, Joel Sheinfeld, George J. Bosl, Hikmat A. Al-Ahmadie, David B. Solit, Darren R. Feldman, Weill Cornell Medical College; and Vladimir Vacic, Kanika Arora, Dayna M. Oschwald, New York Genome Center, New York, NY.
authors.forename: Nikolaus
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Schultz
authors.affiliation: Aditya Bagrodia, Byron H. Lee, William Lee, Eugene K. Cha, Gopa Iyer, Eugene J. Pietzak, Sizhi Paul Gao, Emily C. Zabor, Irina Ostrovnaya, Samuel D. Kaffenberger, Aijazuddin Syed, Maria E. Arcila, Raju S. Chaganti, Ritika Kundra, Jana Eng, Joseph Hreiki, Michael F. Berger, Dean F. Bajorin, Manjit S. Bains, Nikolaus Schultz, Victor E. Reuter, Joel Sheinfeld, George J. Bosl, Hikmat A. Al-Ahmadie, David B. Solit, Darren R. Feldman, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center; John P. Sfakianos, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai; Gopa Iyer, Michael F. Berger, Dean F. Bajorin, Manjit S. Bains, Victor E. Reuter, Joel Sheinfeld, George J. Bosl, Hikmat A. Al-Ahmadie, David B. Solit, Darren R. Feldman, Weill Cornell Medical College; and Vladimir Vacic, Kanika Arora, Dayna M. Oschwald, New York Genome Center, New York, NY.
authors.forename: Victor E
authors.initials: VE
authors.lastname: Reuter
authors.affiliation: Aditya Bagrodia, Byron H. Lee, William Lee, Eugene K. Cha, Gopa Iyer, Eugene J. Pietzak, Sizhi Paul Gao, Emily C. Zabor, Irina Ostrovnaya, Samuel D. Kaffenberger, Aijazuddin Syed, Maria E. Arcila, Raju S. Chaganti, Ritika Kundra, Jana Eng, Joseph Hreiki, Michael F. Berger, Dean F. Bajorin, Manjit S. Bains, Nikolaus Schultz, Victor E. Reuter, Joel Sheinfeld, George J. Bosl, Hikmat A. Al-Ahmadie, David B. Solit, Darren R. Feldman, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center; John P. Sfakianos, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai; Gopa Iyer, Michael F. Berger, Dean F. Bajorin, Manjit S. Bains, Victor E. Reuter, Joel Sheinfeld, George J. Bosl, Hikmat A. Al-Ahmadie, David B. Solit, Darren R. Feldman, Weill Cornell Medical College; and Vladimir Vacic, Kanika Arora, Dayna M. Oschwald, New York Genome Center, New York, NY.
authors.forename: Joel
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Sheinfeld
authors.affiliation: Aditya Bagrodia, Byron H. Lee, William Lee, Eugene K. Cha, Gopa Iyer, Eugene J. Pietzak, Sizhi Paul Gao, Emily C. Zabor, Irina Ostrovnaya, Samuel D. Kaffenberger, Aijazuddin Syed, Maria E. Arcila, Raju S. Chaganti, Ritika Kundra, Jana Eng, Joseph Hreiki, Michael F. Berger, Dean F. Bajorin, Manjit S. Bains, Nikolaus Schultz, Victor E. Reuter, Joel Sheinfeld, George J. Bosl, Hikmat A. Al-Ahmadie, David B. Solit, Darren R. Feldman, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center; John P. Sfakianos, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai; Gopa Iyer, Michael F. Berger, Dean F. Bajorin, Manjit S. Bains, Victor E. Reuter, Joel Sheinfeld, George J. Bosl, Hikmat A. Al-Ahmadie, David B. Solit, Darren R. Feldman, Weill Cornell Medical College; and Vladimir Vacic, Kanika Arora, Dayna M. Oschwald, New York Genome Center, New York, NY.
authors.forename: George J
authors.initials: GJ
authors.lastname: Bosl
authors.affiliation: Aditya Bagrodia, Byron H. Lee, William Lee, Eugene K. Cha, Gopa Iyer, Eugene J. Pietzak, Sizhi Paul Gao, Emily C. Zabor, Irina Ostrovnaya, Samuel D. Kaffenberger, Aijazuddin Syed, Maria E. Arcila, Raju S. Chaganti, Ritika Kundra, Jana Eng, Joseph Hreiki, Michael F. Berger, Dean F. Bajorin, Manjit S. Bains, Nikolaus Schultz, Victor E. Reuter, Joel Sheinfeld, George J. Bosl, Hikmat A. Al-Ahmadie, David B. Solit, Darren R. Feldman, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center; John P. Sfakianos, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai; Gopa Iyer, Michael F. Berger, Dean F. Bajorin, Manjit S. Bains, Victor E. Reuter, Joel Sheinfeld, George J. Bosl, Hikmat A. Al-Ahmadie, David B. Solit, Darren R. Feldman, Weill Cornell Medical College; and Vladimir Vacic, Kanika Arora, Dayna M. Oschwald, New York Genome Center, New York, NY.
authors.forename: Hikmat A
authors.initials: HA
authors.lastname: Al-Ahmadie
authors.affiliation: Aditya Bagrodia, Byron H. Lee, William Lee, Eugene K. Cha, Gopa Iyer, Eugene J. Pietzak, Sizhi Paul Gao, Emily C. Zabor, Irina Ostrovnaya, Samuel D. Kaffenberger, Aijazuddin Syed, Maria E. Arcila, Raju S. Chaganti, Ritika Kundra, Jana Eng, Joseph Hreiki, Michael F. Berger, Dean F. Bajorin, Manjit S. Bains, Nikolaus Schultz, Victor E. Reuter, Joel Sheinfeld, George J. Bosl, Hikmat A. Al-Ahmadie, David B. Solit, Darren R. Feldman, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center; John P. Sfakianos, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai; Gopa Iyer, Michael F. Berger, Dean F. Bajorin, Manjit S. Bains, Victor E. Reuter, Joel Sheinfeld, George J. Bosl, Hikmat A. Al-Ahmadie, David B. Solit, Darren R. Feldman, Weill Cornell Medical College; and Vladimir Vacic, Kanika Arora, Dayna M. Oschwald, New York Genome Center, New York, NY.
authors.forename: David B
authors.initials: DB
authors.lastname: Solit
authors.affiliation: Aditya Bagrodia, Byron H. Lee, William Lee, Eugene K. Cha, Gopa Iyer, Eugene J. Pietzak, Sizhi Paul Gao, Emily C. Zabor, Irina Ostrovnaya, Samuel D. Kaffenberger, Aijazuddin Syed, Maria E. Arcila, Raju S. Chaganti, Ritika Kundra, Jana Eng, Joseph Hreiki, Michael F. Berger, Dean F. Bajorin, Manjit S. Bains, Nikolaus Schultz, Victor E. Reuter, Joel Sheinfeld, George J. Bosl, Hikmat A. Al-Ahmadie, David B. Solit, Darren R. Feldman, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center; John P. Sfakianos, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai; Gopa Iyer, Michael F. Berger, Dean F. Bajorin, Manjit S. Bains, Victor E. Reuter, Joel Sheinfeld, George J. Bosl, Hikmat A. Al-Ahmadie, David B. Solit, Darren R. Feldman, Weill Cornell Medical College; and Vladimir Vacic, Kanika Arora, Dayna M. Oschwald, New York Genome Center, New York, NY.
authors.forename: Darren R
authors.initials: DR
authors.lastname: Feldman
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D002945:Cisplatin / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D019008:Drug Resistance, Neoplasm / Q000235:genetics*; D006801:Humans; D009154:Mutation; D009373:Neoplasms, Germ Cell and Embryonal / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000235:genetics*; D051736:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-mdm2 / Q000235:genetics; D016159:Tumor Suppressor Protein p53 / Q000235:genetics; D020830:rac1 GTP-Binding Protein / Q000235:genetics
chemical_list: C107953:RAC1 protein, human; C495901:TP53 protein, human; D016159:Tumor Suppressor Protein p53; C497206:MDM2 protein, human; D051736:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-mdm2; D020830:rac1 GTP-Binding Protein; D002945:Cisplatin