title: Age and gender influence on oral hygiene among adolescents with fixed orthodontic appliances.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Many factors can influence oral health including oral hygiene measures, eating habits, attention from parents, education and the social situation. It is even harder to keep good oral health when orthodontic treatments are applied, because orthodontic treatments are usually undergone by children and adolescents who have fewer skills and pay less attention to their oral health; this may lead to bleeding on probing (BOP), a higher plaque index (PI), a higher gingival index (GI), and an increase in probing pocket depth (PPD). The aim of this study was to compare the features of oral hygiene among different age groups and gender in patients with fixed orthodontic appliances.
  
  
  METHODS
  The study consisted of 107 patients from the Department of Orthodontics of Lithuanian University of Health Sciences aged 12 to 18 years with fixed orthodontic appliances. The patients were given a questionnaire with 17 questions about their oral hygiene and how it changed after they started their treatment with fixed orthodontic appliances. A statistical analysis was performed using the IBM SPSS Statistics 22.0.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Among the 107 participants, 69 (64.5%) were females and 38 (35.5%) were males. 57 (53.3%) participants were 12 to 15 years old and 50 (46.7%) 16 to 18 years old. There was a statistically significant result when comparing the differences between females and males: females brushed their teeth more regularly than males (p<0.005). Statistically significant results could also be observed when comparing the different age groups: 16 to 18 year old patients reported more often brushing their teeth three or more times a day (p<0.005), reported more intensive changes in their oral hygiene after starting orthodontic treatments (p<0.005), and received more recommendations from their orthodontist about oral hygiene measures (p<0.005).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In patients with fixed orthodontic appliances, the oral hygiene of 16 to 18 year old adolescents is better than the oral hygiene of 12 to 15 year old adolescents. Females brush their teeth more regularly than males. More studies should be done to evaluate any differences.
authors.affiliation: A. Lukšos-Daumanto g. 6, LT-50106 Kaunas, Lithuania. ievutespastas@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Ieva
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Kudirkaite
authors.forename: Kristina
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Lopatiene
authors.forename: Jurate
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Zubiene
authors.forename: Kristina
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Saldunaite
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000367:Age Factors; D002648:Child; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008097:Lithuania; D008297:Male; D009967:Orthodontic Appliances; D012737:Sex Factors; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D014099:Toothbrushing / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*