title: Growth arrest specific 2-like protein 1 expression is upregulated in podocytes through advanced glycation end-products.
abstract: Growth arrest specific 2-like protein 1 (GAS2L1) protein is a member of the GAS2 family of proteins, known to regulate apoptosis and cellular cytoskeleton reorganization in different cells. Recently we identified that Gas2l1 gene expression in podocytes is influenced by advanced glycation end product-bovine serum albumin(AGE-BSA).
  
  
  
  The study was performed employing cultured podocytes and diabetic ( db/db ) mice, a model of type 2 diabetes. Akbuminuria as wellas urinary neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin (NGAL) excretion as measured with specific ELISAs. Gene expression was analysed via semiquantitative and real-time polymerase chain reaction. The protein levels were determined by western blotting and immunostaining.
  
  
  
  We found that the Gas2l1 α isoform is expressed in podocytes. Treatment with AGE-BSA induced Gas2l1 α and Gas2 mRNA levels compared with controls incubated with non-glycated control BSA (Co-BSA). Moreover, application of the recombinant soluble receptor of AGEs (sRAGE), a competitor of cellular RAGE, reversed the AGE-BSA effect. Interestingly, AGE-BSA also increased the protein levels of GAS2L1α in a RAGE-dependent manner, but did not affect the GAS2 expression. Periodic acid-Schiff staining and albuminuria as well as urinary NGAL excretion revealed that db/db mice progressively developed diabetic nephropathy with renal accumulation of N ε -carboxy-methyl-lysine (immunohistochemistry, western blots). Analyses of GAS2L1α and GAS2 proteins in diabetic mice revealed that both were significantly elevated relative to their non-diabetic littermates. In addition, GAS2L1α and GAS2 proteins positively correlated with the accumulation of AGEs in the blood plasma of diabetic mice and the administration of sRAGE in diabetic mice reduced the glomerular expression of both proteins.
  
  
  
  We show for the first time that the protein expression of GAS2L1α in vitro and in vivo is regulated by the AGE-RAGE axis. The suppression of AGE ligation with their RAGE in diabetic mice with progressive nephropathy reversed the GAS2L1α expression, thus suggesting a role of GAS2L1α in the development of diabetic disease, which needs to be further elucidated.
authors.affiliation: Department of Internal Medicine III, Jena University Hospital, Erlanger Allee, Jena, Germany.
authors.forename: Marita
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Liebisch
authors.affiliation: Department of Internal Medicine III, Jena University Hospital, Erlanger Allee, Jena, Germany.
authors.forename: Tzvetanka
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Bondeva
authors.affiliation: Department of Internal Medicine III, Jena University Hospital, Erlanger Allee, Jena, Germany.
authors.forename: Sybille
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Franke
authors.affiliation: Department of Internal Medicine III, Jena University Hospital, Erlanger Allee, Jena, Germany.
authors.forename: Stephan
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Hause
authors.affiliation: Department of Internal Medicine III, Jena University Hospital, Erlanger Allee, Jena, Germany.
authors.forename: Gunter
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Wolf
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D017209:Apoptosis / Q000187:drug effects; D002417:Cattle; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D003921:Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology; D003924:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology; D005786:Gene Expression Regulation / Q000187:drug effects*; D017127:Glycation End Products, Advanced / Q000494:pharmacology*; D051379:Mice; D008840:Microfilament Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D050199:Podocytes / Q000166:cytology / Q000378:metabolism*; D060888:Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction; D000067759:Receptor for Advanced Glycation End Products / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D012710:Serum Albumin, Bovine / Q000378:metabolism; D015854:Up-Regulation
chemical_list: D017127:Glycation End Products, Advanced; D008840:Microfilament Proteins; D000067759:Receptor for Advanced Glycation End Products; D012710:Serum Albumin, Bovine; C099165:Gas2 protein, mouse; C000593871:AGER protein, human
keywords: AGEs; GAS2; GAS2L1; RAGE