title: Fungal Endophytes as a Metabolic Fine-Tuning Regulator for Wine Grape.
abstract: Endophytes proved to exert multiple effects on host plants, including growth promotion, stress resistance. However, whether endophytes have a role in metabolites shaping of grape has not been fully understood. Eight endophytic fungal strains which originally isolated from grapevines were re-inoculated to field-grown grapevines in this study, and their effects on both leaves and berries of grapevines at maturity stage were assessed, with special focused on secondary metabolites and antioxidant activities. High-density inoculation of all these endophytic fungal strains modified the physio-chemical status of grapevine to different degrees. Fungal inoculations promoted the content of reducing sugar (RS), total flavonoids (TF), total phenols (TPh), trans-resveratrol (Res) and activities of phenylalanine ammonia-lyase (PAL), in both leaves and berries of grapevine. Inoculation of endophytic fungal strains, CXB-11 (Nigrospora sp.) and CXC-13 (Fusarium sp.) conferred greater promotion effects in grape metabolic re-shaping, compared to other used fungal strains. Additionally, inoculation of different strains of fungal endophytes led to establish different metabolites patterns of wine grape. The work implies the possibility of using endophytic fungi as fine-tuning regulator to shape the quality and character of wine grape.
authors.affiliation: School of Life Science, Yunnan University, Kunming, China.
authors.forename: Ming-Zhi
authors.initials: MZ
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.affiliation: School of Life Science, Yunnan University, Kunming, China.
authors.forename: Mian-Di
authors.initials: MD
authors.lastname: Ma
authors.affiliation: School of Chemistry Science and Technology, Yunnan University, Kunming, China.
authors.forename: Ming-Quan
authors.initials: MQ
authors.lastname: Yuan
authors.affiliation: School of Life Science, Yunnan University, Kunming, China.
authors.forename: Zhi-Yu
authors.initials: ZY
authors.lastname: Huang
authors.affiliation: College of Food and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China.
authors.forename: Wei-Xi
authors.initials: WX
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.affiliation: School of Life Science, Yunnan University, Kunming, China.
authors.forename: Han-Bo
authors.initials: HB
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: School of Life Science, Yunnan University, Kunming, China.
authors.forename: Li-Hua
authors.initials: LH
authors.lastname: Huang
authors.affiliation: School of Life Science, Yunnan University, Kunming, China.
authors.forename: An-Yun
authors.initials: AY
authors.lastname: Ren
authors.affiliation: School of Life Science, Yunnan University, Kunming, China.
authors.forename: Hui
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Shan