title: Gelatin-based membrane containing usnic acid-loaded liposome improves dermal burn healing in a porcine model.
abstract: There are a range of products available which claim to accelerate the healing of burns; these include topical agents, interactive dressings and biomembranes. The aim of this study was to assess the effect of a gelatin-based membrane containing usnic acid/liposomes on the healing of burns in comparison to silver sulfadiazine ointment and duoDerme®dressing, as well as examining its quantification by high performance liquid chromatography. The quantification of the usnic acid/liposomes was examined using high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) by performing separate in vitro studies of the efficiency of the biomembranes in terms of encapsulation, drug release and transdermal absorption. Then, second-degree 5cm2burn wounds were created on the dorsum of nine male pigs, assigned into three groups (n=3): SDZ - animals treated with silver sulfadiazine ointment; GDU - animals treated with duoDerme®; UAL - animals treated with a gelatin-based membrane containing usnic acid/liposomes. These groups were treated for 8, 18 and 30days. In the average rate of contraction, there was no difference among the groups (p>0.05). The results of the quantification showed that biomembranes containing usnic acid/liposomes were controlled released systems capable of transdermal absorption by skin layers. A macroscopic assay did not observe any clinical signs of secondary infections. Microscopy after 8days showed hydropic degeneration of the epithelium, with intense neutrophilic infiltration in all three groups. At 18days, although epidermal neo-formation was only partial in all three groups, it was most incipient in the SDZ group. Granulation tissue was more exuberant and cellularized in the UAL and GDU groups. At 30days, observed restricted granulation tissue in the region below the epithelium in the GDU and UAL groups was observed. In the analysis of collagen though picrosirius, the UAL group showed greater collagen density. Therefore, the UAL group displayed development and maturation of granulation tissue and scar repair that was comparable to that produced by duoDerme®,and better than that produced by treatment with sulfadiazine silver ointment In addition, the UAL group showed increased collagen deposition compared to the other two groups.
authors.affiliation: Department of Morphology, Federal University of Sergipe, Marechal Rondom Avenue s/n, São Cristóvão, SE, Brazil. Electronic address: paulanunes_se@yahoo.com.br.
authors.forename: Paula Santos
authors.initials: PS
authors.lastname: Nunes
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacy, Federal University of Sergipe, Marechal Rondom Avenue s/n, São Cristóvão, SE, Brazil.
authors.forename: Alessandra Silva
authors.initials: AS
authors.lastname: Rabelo
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacy, Federal University of Sergipe, Marechal Rondom Avenue s/n, São Cristóvão, SE, Brazil.
authors.forename: Jamille Cristina Campos de
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: Souza
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacy, Federal University of Sergipe, Marechal Rondom Avenue s/n, São Cristóvão, SE, Brazil.
authors.forename: Bruno Vasconcelos
authors.initials: BV
authors.lastname: Santana
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacy, Federal University of Sergipe, Marechal Rondom Avenue s/n, São Cristóvão, SE, Brazil.
authors.forename: Thailson Monteiro Menezes
authors.initials: TM
authors.lastname: da Silva
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacy, Federal University of Sergipe, Marechal Rondom Avenue s/n, São Cristóvão, SE, Brazil.
authors.forename: Mairim Russo
authors.initials: MR
authors.lastname: Serafini
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacy, Federal University of Sergipe, Marechal Rondom Avenue s/n, São Cristóvão, SE, Brazil.
authors.forename: Paula
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Dos Passos Menezes
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacy, Federal University of Sergipe, Marechal Rondom Avenue s/n, São Cristóvão, SE, Brazil.
authors.forename: Bruno
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Dos Santos Lima
authors.affiliation: Institute of Technology and Research, Tiradentes University, Murilo Dantas Avenue 300, Aracaju, SE, Brazil.
authors.forename: Juliana Cordeiro
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: Cardoso
authors.affiliation: Department of Physiology, Federal University of Sergipe, Marechal Rondom Avenue s/n, São Cristóvão, SE, Brazil.
authors.forename: Júlio César Santana
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: Alves
authors.affiliation: Post-Graduation Program in Pharmaceutical Sciences, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Ipiranga Avenue 2752, Porto Alegre, 90610-000, RS, Brazil.
authors.forename: Luiza Abrahão
authors.initials: LA
authors.lastname: Frank
authors.affiliation: Post-Graduation Program in Pharmaceutical Sciences, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Ipiranga Avenue 2752, Porto Alegre, 90610-000, RS, Brazil.
authors.forename: Sílvia Stanisçuaski
authors.initials: SS
authors.lastname: Guterres
authors.affiliation: Post-Graduation Program in Pharmaceutical Sciences, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Ipiranga Avenue 2752, Porto Alegre, 90610-000, RS, Brazil.
authors.forename: Adriana Raffin
authors.initials: AR
authors.lastname: Pohlmann
authors.affiliation: Institute of Technology and Research, Tiradentes University, Murilo Dantas Avenue 300, Aracaju, SE, Brazil.
authors.forename: Malone Santos
authors.initials: MS
authors.lastname: Pinheiro
authors.affiliation: Institute of Technology and Research, Tiradentes University, Murilo Dantas Avenue 300, Aracaju, SE, Brazil.
authors.forename: Ricardo Luiz Cavalcanti
authors.initials: RL
authors.lastname: de Albuquerque
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacy, Federal University of Sergipe, Marechal Rondom Avenue s/n, São Cristóvão, SE, Brazil.
authors.forename: Adriano Antunes de Souza
authors.initials: AA
authors.lastname: Araújo
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000891:Anti-Infective Agents, Local / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D001458:Bandages; D001572:Benzofurans / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D002056:Burns / Q000188:drug therapy*; D003094:Collagen / Q000378:metabolism; D016503:Drug Delivery Systems; D005780:Gelatin / Q000737:chemistry; D008081:Liposomes; D008297:Male; D012837:Silver Sulfadiazine / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use; D012867:Skin / Q000378:metabolism; D012869:Skin Absorption; D013552:Swine; D014945:Wound Healing / Q000187:drug effects
chemical_list: D000891:Anti-Infective Agents, Local; D001572:Benzofurans; D008081:Liposomes; C073339:usnic acid; D005780:Gelatin; D003094:Collagen; D012837:Silver Sulfadiazine
keywords: Burn; Gelatin membrane; Liposomes; Porcine; Usnic acid