title: Use of Video Goggles to Distract Patients During PET/CT Studies of School-Aged Children.
abstract: This study was designed to evaluate the effectiveness of video goggles in distracting children undergoing PET/CT and to determine whether the goggles create CT and PET artifacts.
  
  
  METHODS
  Video goggles with small amounts of internal radioopaque material were used. During whole-body PET/CT imaging, 30 nonsedated patients aged 4-13 y watched videos of their choice using the goggles. Fifteen of the PET/CT studies were performed on a scanner installed in 2006, and the other 15 were performed on a scanner installed in 2013. The fused scans were reviewed for evidence of head movement, and the individual PET and CT scans of the head were reviewed for the presence and severity of streak artifact. The CT exposure settings were recorded for each scan at the anatomic level at which the goggles were worn.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Only one of the 30 scans had evidence of significant head motion. Two of the 30 had minor coregistration problems due to motion, and 27 of the 30 had very good to excellent coregistration. For the 2006 scanner, 2 of the 14 evaluable localization CT scans of the head demonstrated no streak artifact in brain tissue, 6 of the 14 had mild streak artifact in brain tissue, and 6 of the 14 had moderate streak artifact in brain tissue. Mild streak artifact in bone was noted in 2 of the 14 studies. For the 2013 scanner, 7 of 15 studies had mild streak artifact in brain tissue and 8 of 15 had no streak artifact in brain tissue, whereas none of the 15 had streak artifact in bone. There were no artifacts attributable to the goggles on the18F-FDG PET brain images of any of the 29 evaluable studies. The average CT exposure parameters at the level of the orbits were 36% lower on the 2013 scanner than on the 2006 scanner.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Video goggles may be used successfully to distract children undergoing PET with localization CT. The goggles cause no significant degradation of the PET brain images or the CT skull images. The degree of artifact on brain tissue images varies from none to moderate and depends on the CT equipment used.
authors.affiliation: Section of Nuclear Medicine, Department of Radiology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio michael.gelfand@cchmc.org.
authors.forename: Michael J
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Gelfand
authors.affiliation: Section of Nuclear Medicine, Department of Radiology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio.
authors.forename: Jennifer M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Harris
authors.affiliation: Section of Nuclear Medicine, Department of Radiology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio.
authors.forename: Amanda C
authors.initials: AC
authors.lastname: Rich
authors.affiliation: Section of Nuclear Medicine, Department of Radiology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio.
authors.forename: Chelsea S
authors.initials: CS
authors.lastname: Kist
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D016477:Artifacts; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D005135:Eye Protective Devices; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007091:Image Processing, Computer-Assisted; D008297:Male; D000072078:Positron Emission Tomography Computed Tomography / Q000295:instrumentation*
keywords: PET/CT; patient distraction; video