title: Screening of endocrine activity of compounds migrating from plastic baby bottles using a multi-receptor panel of in vitro bioassays.
abstract: Endocrine activity of 65 compounds migrating from polycarbonate replacement plastic baby bottles was assessed using in vitro cell based assays (reporter gene assays) involving 7 nuclear receptors, i.e. human steroid hormones receptors (oestrogen, androgen, progesterone and glucocorticoid receptors), human thyroid beta and peroxisome proliferator-activated gamma receptors, and the mouse aryl hydrocarbon receptor. The chemicals were tested at 4 concentrations ranging from 0.001mM to 1mM. Only twelve chemicals did not show any activity towards any of the nuclear receptors, while fifty three compounds showed a possible endocrine activity. Most of the agonistic activities were observed towards the oestrogen receptor while the PPARγ was the target for most of the recorded antagonistic activities. Agonistic activities were recorded for several phthalates, benzophenones, aromatic hydrocarbons and phenols, while compounds such as benzaldehydes, ketones and esters of fatty acid showed antagonistic activities. Thirty five chemicals were able of agonistic activities on 1 to 4 receptors and antagonistic activities were recorded for 35 compounds as well, towards 1 to 7 receptors. Sixteen compounds were able of both agonistic and antagonistic activities, but not on the same receptors, except in 2 cases for the oestrogen receptor and 4 cases for the PPARγ.
authors.affiliation: Departement of Food Science, University of Liège - FARAH-Veterinary Public Health, Quartier Vallée 2, Avenue de Cureghem 10, Sart Tilman B43bis, 4000 Liège, Belgium.
authors.forename: Coraline
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Simon
authors.affiliation: Toxicological Centre, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Antwerp, Universiteitsplein 1, 2610 Wilrijk-Antwerp, Belgium.
authors.forename: Matthias
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Onghena
authors.affiliation: Toxicological Centre, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Antwerp, Universiteitsplein 1, 2610 Wilrijk-Antwerp, Belgium.
authors.forename: Adrian
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Covaci
authors.affiliation: Department of Food, Medicines and Consumer Safety, Scientific Institute of Public Health (WIV-ISP), J. Wytsmanstraat 14, 1050 Brussels, Belgium.
authors.forename: Els
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Van Hoeck
authors.affiliation: Department of Food, Medicines and Consumer Safety, Scientific Institute of Public Health (WIV-ISP), J. Wytsmanstraat 14, 1050 Brussels, Belgium.
authors.forename: Joris
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Van Loco
authors.affiliation: Department of Analytical, Environmental and Geo-Chemistry, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Pleinlaan 2, 1050 Ixelles, Belgium.
authors.forename: Tara
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Vandermarken
authors.affiliation: Department of Analytical, Environmental and Geo-Chemistry, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Pleinlaan 2, 1050 Ixelles, Belgium.
authors.forename: Kersten
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Van Langenhove
authors.affiliation: CODA-CERVA, OD Chemical Safety of the Food Chain, Leuvensesteenweg, 17, Tervuren, Belgium.
authors.forename: Heidi
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Demaegdt
authors.affiliation: Department of Food, Medicines and Consumer Safety, Scientific Institute of Public Health (WIV-ISP), J. Wytsmanstraat 14, 1050 Brussels, Belgium.
authors.forename: Birgit
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Mertens
authors.affiliation: CODA-CERVA, OD Chemical Safety of the Food Chain, Leuvensesteenweg, 17, Tervuren, Belgium.
authors.forename: Karin
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Vandermeiren
authors.affiliation: Departement of Food Science, University of Liège - FARAH-Veterinary Public Health, Quartier Vallée 2, Avenue de Cureghem 10, Sart Tilman B43bis, 4000 Liège, Belgium. Electronic address: mlscippo@ulg.ac.be.
authors.forename: Marie-Louise
authors.initials: ML
authors.lastname: Scippo
authors.affiliation: Department of Analytical, Environmental and Geo-Chemistry, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Pleinlaan 2, 1050 Ixelles, Belgium.
authors.forename: Marc
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Elskens
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001681:Biological Assay; D001903:Bottle Feeding; D002460:Cell Line; D045744:Cell Line, Tumor; D052244:Endocrine Disruptors / Q000494:pharmacology*; D017930:Genes, Reporter; D006801:Humans; D015370:Infant Equipment; D051379:Mice; D011076:Polycarboxylate Cement / Q000737:chemistry*; D018160:Receptors, Cytoplasmic and Nuclear / Q000819:agonists / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D052244:Endocrine Disruptors; D011076:Polycarboxylate Cement; D018160:Receptors, Cytoplasmic and Nuclear; C005506:polycarbonate
keywords: Endocrine active substance; Endocrine disruptor; Food contact material; Nuclear receptors; Reporter gene assay