title: Novel biomarkers in cancer: The whole is greater than the sum of its parts.
abstract: The major issues hampering progress in the treatment of cancer patients are distant metastases and drug resistance to chemotherapy. Metastasis formation is a very complex process, and looking at gene signatures alone is not enough to get deep insight into it. This paper reviews traditional and novel approaches to identify gene signature biomarkers and intratumoural fluid pressure both as a novel way of creating predictive markers and as an obstacle to cancer therapy. Finally recently developed in vitro systems to predict the response of individual patient derived cancer explants to chemotherapy are discussed.
authors.affiliation: SRC Bioclinicum, Ugreshskaya str 2/85, 115088, Moscow, Russia; Moscow State University of Mechanical Engineering, Bolshaya Semenovskaya str 38, 107023, Moscow, Russia.
authors.forename: Timur R
authors.initials: TR
authors.lastname: Samatov
authors.affiliation: SRC Bioclinicum, Ugreshskaya str 2/85, 115088, Moscow, Russia; Lomonosov Moscow State University, Leninskie Gory, 119991, Moscow, Russia; National Research University Higher School of Economics, Kochnovsky Pass 3, 125319 Moscow, Russia.
authors.forename: Vladimir V
authors.initials: VV
authors.lastname: Galatenko
authors.affiliation: Department of Oncology and Hematology, University Cancer Center, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistraße 52, 20246, Hamburg, Germany.
authors.forename: Andreas
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Block
authors.affiliation: P. Hertsen Moscow Oncology Research Institute, National Center of Medical Radiological Research, 3 Second Botkinsky Lane, Moscow, 125284, Russia.
authors.forename: Maxim Yu
authors.initials: MY
authors.lastname: Shkurnikov
authors.affiliation: Lomonosov Moscow State University, Leninskie Gory, 119991, Moscow, Russia; P. Hertsen Moscow Oncology Research Institute, National Center of Medical Radiological Research, 3 Second Botkinsky Lane, Moscow, 125284, Russia.
authors.forename: Alexander G
authors.initials: AG
authors.lastname: Tonevitsky
authors.affiliation: Department of Anatomy and Experimental Morphology, University Cancer Center, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistraße 52, 20246, Hamburg, Germany, Germany. Electronic address: uschumac@uke.de.
authors.forename: Udo
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: Schumacher
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000970:Antineoplastic Agents / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use; D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor; D020869:Gene Expression Profiling; D015972:Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic / Q000187:drug effects; D006801:Humans; D009369:Neoplasms / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism; D011379:Prognosis; D059467:Transcriptome; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D000970:Antineoplastic Agents; D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor
keywords: Cancer biomarkers; Ex vivo drug response; Gene signatures; Intratumoural fluid pressure