title: Energy sources and levels influenced on performance parameters, thyroid hormones, and HSP70 gene expression of broiler chickens under heat stress.
abstract: The present study was conducted to evaluate the effects of energy sources and levels on body and organs weights, thyroid hormones, and heat shock protein (HSP70) gene expression in broilers under heat stress. In a completely randomized design, 600 1-day-old Cobb chickens were assigned to five dietary treatments and four replicates. The chickens were fed diet based on corn as main energy source and energy level based on Cobb standard considered as control (C), corn-based diet with 3 % lesser energy than the control (T1), corn-based diet with 6 % lesser energy than the control (T2), corn and soybean oil-based diet according to Cobb standard (T3), and corn and soybean oil-based diet with 3 % upper energy than the control (T4). Temperature was increased to 34 °C for 8 h daily from days 12 to 41 of age to induce heat stress. The chickens in T1 and T2 had lower thyroid hormones and corticosterone levels than those in C, T3, and T4. The highest liver weight was for C and the lowest one was for T4. The highest gene expression was found in chickens fed T4 diet, and the lowest gene expression was for those in T2 group. The highest feed intake and worse feed conversion ratio was related to chickens in T2. The chickens in T3 and T4 had higher feed intake and weight gain than those in C. The results showed that the higher energy level supplied from soybean oil could enhance gene expression of HSP70 and decline the level of corticosterone and thyroid hormones and consequently improved performance.
authors.affiliation: Department of Animal Science, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran.
authors.forename: Majid
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Raghebian
authors.affiliation: Department of Animal Science, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran. a.sadeghi@srbiau.ac.ir.
authors.forename: Ali Asghar
authors.initials: AA
authors.lastname: Sadeghi
authors.affiliation: Department of Animal Science, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran.
authors.forename: Mehdi
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Aminafshar
mesh_terms: D000821:Animal Feed / Q000032:analysis*; D000822:Animal Husbandry; D000818:Animals; D002645:Chickens / Q000254:growth & development / Q000502:physiology*; D004032:Diet / Q000662:veterinary*; D018507:Gene Expression Regulation, Developmental; D018840:HSP70 Heat-Shock Proteins / Q000235:genetics; D018882:Heat Stress Disorders / Q000517:prevention & control / Q000662:veterinary*; D008297:Male; D011201:Poultry Diseases / Q000097:blood / Q000517:prevention & control*; D013963:Thyroid Hormones / Q000097:blood; D014329:Tropical Climate
chemical_list: D018840:HSP70 Heat-Shock Proteins; D013963:Thyroid Hormones
keywords: Broiler; Energy; Heat shock protein; Soybean oil; Thyroid hormone