title: Intestinal Organoids as a Novel Tool to Study Microbes-Epithelium Interactions.
abstract: The gut, particularly the colon, is the host of approximately 1000 bacterial species, the so-called gut microbiota. The relationship between the gut microbiota and the host is symbiotic and mutualistic, influencing many aspects of the biology of the host. This homeostatic balance can be disrupted by enteric pathogens, such as Shigella flexneri or Listeria monocytogenes, which are able to invade the epithelial layer and consequently subvert physiological functions. To study the host-microbe interactions in vitro, the crypt culture model, known as intestinal organoids, is a powerful tool. Intestinal organoids provide a model in which to examine the response of the epithelium, particularly the response of intestinal stem cells, to the presence of bacteria. Furthermore, the organoid model enables the study of pathogens during the early steps of enteric pathogen invasion.Here, we describe methods that we have established to study the cellular microbiology of symbiosis between the gut microbiota and host intestinal surface and secondly the disruption of host homeostasis due to an enteric pathogen.
authors.affiliation: Molecular Microbial Pathogenesis Unit, Inserm U1202, Institut Pasteur, 28, rue du docteur Roux, Paris, 75015, France. giulia.nigro@pasteur.fr.
authors.forename: Giulia
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Nigro
authors.affiliation: Biology of Infection Unit, Inserm U1117, Institut Pasteur, 28, rue du docteur Roux, Paris, 75015, France.
authors.forename: Melissa
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Hanson
authors.affiliation: Biology of Infection Unit, Inserm U1117, Institut Pasteur, 28, rue du docteur Roux, Paris, 75015, France.
authors.forename: Cindy
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Fevre
authors.affiliation: Biology of Infection Unit, Inserm U1117, Institut Pasteur, 28, rue du docteur Roux, Paris, 75015, France.
authors.forename: Marc
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Lecuit
authors.affiliation: Molecular Microbial Pathogenesis Unit, Inserm U1202, Institut Pasteur, 28, rue du docteur Roux, Paris, 75015, France.
authors.forename: Philippe J
authors.initials: PJ
authors.lastname: Sansonetti
mesh_terms: D001419:Bacteria / Q000254:growth & development*; D018929:Cell Culture Techniques / Q000379:methods*; D002454:Cell Differentiation; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D000069196:Gastrointestinal Microbiome; D054884:Host-Pathogen Interactions; D006801:Humans; D007413:Intestinal Mucosa / Q000166:cytology* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000382:microbiology; D009940:Organoids / Q000166:cytology* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000382:microbiology; D013234:Stem Cells / Q000166:cytology* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000382:microbiology
keywords: Bacterial products; Flow cytometry; Host–microbe interactions; Intestinal organoids; Listeria monocytogenes; Microinjection