title: Hemostatic Agents in Periapical Surgery: A Randomized Study of Gauze Impregnated in Epinephrine versus Aluminum Chloride.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Adequate bleeding control is essential for the success of periapical surgery. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of 2 hemostatic agents on the outcome of periapical surgery and their relationship with patient and teeth parameters.
  
  
  METHODS
  A prospective study was designed with 2 randomized parallel groups, depending on the hemostatic agent used: gauze impregnated in epinephrine (epinephrine group) and aluminum chloride (aluminum chloride group). The analysis of the hemorrhage control was judged before and after the application of the hemostatic agents by the surgeon, and 2 examiners independently recorded it as adequate (complete hemorrhage control) or inadequate (incomplete hemorrhage control).
  
  
  RESULTS
  Ninety-nine patients with a periradicular lesion were enrolled in this study and divided into 2 groups: gauze impregnated in epinephrine in 48 patients (epinephrine group) or aluminum chloride in 51 (aluminum chloride group). In epinephrine group adequate hemostasis was achieved in 25 cases, and in aluminum chloride group it was achieved in 37 cases (P < .05).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The outcome was better in the aluminum chloride group than in the gauze impregnated in epinephrine group.
authors.affiliation: Stomatology Department, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain.
authors.forename: Isabel
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Menéndez-Nieto
authors.affiliation: Stomatology Department, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain.
authors.forename: Juan
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Cervera-Ballester
authors.affiliation: Private Dentistry Practice, Tordesillas, Valladolid, Spain.
authors.forename: Laura
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Maestre-Ferrín
authors.affiliation: Stomatology Department, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain.
authors.forename: Juan Antonio
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Blaya-Tárraga
authors.affiliation: Stomatology Department, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain.
authors.forename: David
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Peñarrocha-Oltra
authors.affiliation: Stomatology Department, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain. Electronic address: miguel.penarrocha@uv.es.
authors.forename: Miguel
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Peñarrocha-Diago
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000077410:Aluminum Chloride; D017607:Aluminum Compounds / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D002712:Chlorides / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D004708:Endodontics / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods; D004837:Epinephrine / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D005260:Female; D006490:Hemostatics / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D006801:Humans; D016015:Logistic Models; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010483:Periapical Diseases / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000601:surgery*; D014092:Tooth Root / Q000187:drug effects / Q000601:surgery; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D014662:Vasoconstrictor Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage
chemical_list: D017607:Aluminum Compounds; D002712:Chlorides; D006490:Hemostatics; D014662:Vasoconstrictor Agents; D000077410:Aluminum Chloride; D004837:Epinephrine
keywords: Aluminum chloride; endodontic surgery; epinephrine; hemostasis; hemostatic agents; periradicular surgery