title: Genomic, Transcriptomic, and Proteomic Analysis Provide Insights Into the Cold Adaptation Mechanism of the Obligate Psychrophilic FungusMrakia psychrophila.
abstract: Mrakia psychrophilais an obligate psychrophilic fungus. The cold adaptation mechanism of psychrophilic fungi remains unknown. Comparative genomics analysis indicated thatM. psychrophilahad a specific codon usage preference, especially for codons of Gly and Arg and its major facilitator superfamily (MFS) transporter gene family was expanded. Transcriptomic analysis revealed that genes involved in ribosome and energy metabolism were upregulated at 4°, while genes involved in unfolded protein binding, protein processing in the endoplasmic reticulum, proteasome, spliceosome, and mRNA surveillance were upregulated at 20°. In addition, genes related to unfolded protein binding were alternatively spliced. Consistent with other psychrophiles, desaturase and glycerol 3-phosphate dehydrogenase, which are involved in biosynthesis of unsaturated fatty acid and glycerol respectively, were upregulated at 4°. Cold adaptation ofM. psychrophilais mediated by synthesizing unsaturated fatty acids to maintain membrane fluidity and accumulating glycerol as a cryoprotectant. The proteomic analysis indicated that the correlations between the dynamic patterns between transcript level changes and protein level changes for some pathways were positive at 4°, but negative at 20°. The death ofM. psychrophilaabove 20° might be caused by an unfolded protein response.
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Mycology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chaoyang District, Beijing 100101, China.
authors.forename: Yao
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Su
authors.affiliation: Novozymes (China) Investment Co. Ltd., Beijing 100085, China.
authors.forename: Xianzhi
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Jiang
authors.affiliation: Novozymes (China) Investment Co. Ltd., Beijing 100085, China.
authors.forename: Wenping
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Wu
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Mycology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chaoyang District, Beijing 100101, China.
authors.forename: Manman
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Mycology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chaoyang District, Beijing 100101, China.
authors.forename: M Imran
authors.initials: MI
authors.lastname: Hamid
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Mycology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chaoyang District, Beijing 100101, China.
authors.forename: Meichun
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Xiang
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Mycology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chaoyang District, Beijing 100101, China liuxz@im.ac.cn.
authors.forename: Xingzhong
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Liu
keywords: basidiomycetous yeast; comparative genomics; proteomics; temperature adaptation; transcriptomics