title: miR-144-3p as a novel plasma diagnostic biomarker for clear cell renal cell carcinoma.
abstract: Clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC) is the most frequent and lethal subtype of renal cell carcinoma, whose most effective measure of curing remains diagnosis and nephrectomy in its early phase. However, there is no feasible and recognized plasma biomarker for the clinical diagnosis of ccRCC. The objective of this study is to identify a novel plasma microRNA (miRNA) acting as an efficient diagnostic plasma biomarker in ccRCC.
  
  
  
  The plasma miRNA expression profile was quantified by miRNA microarray. Validation of miRNA levels of plasmas and tissues were performed by quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction in 106 ccRCC, 28 renal angiomyolipomas (AML), and 123 healthy control plasmas and in 110 ccRCC tissues.
  
  
  
  We found that plasma miR-144-3p levels in 106 ccRCC plasmas were remarkably up-regulated compared with that in healthy individuals and in patients with AML. miR-144-3p served as a promising plasma biomarker for yielding an area under the receiver operating characteristic curve of 0.91 with 87.10% sensitivity and 83.02% specificity in discriminating ccRCC from healthy individuals, and an area under the curve of 0.82 with 75.00% sensitivity and 71.70% specificity in discriminating ccRCC from patients with AML. In addition, plasma miR-144-3p levels were significantly decreased after surgery in 106 patients with ccRCC. Next, we examined miR-144-3p levels in 110 human ccRCC tissues, and found that miR-144-3p levels in ccRCC tissues were increased compared with adjacent normal tissues. Pearson correlation analysis revealed that miR-144-3p levels in tumor tissues were positively correlated with preoperative plasma miR-144-3p levels in the matched samples from patients with ccRCC. In addition, the miR-144-3p levels in ccRCC plasmas and tissues were increased in patients with advanced pT stage.
  
  
  
  Our data indicate that miR-144-3p, which is significantly up-regulated in ccRCC plasmas and tissues, particularly with advanced pT stage, is a novel and excellent plasma biomarker for the diagnosis of ccRCC.
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1277 JieFang Avenue, Wuhan 430022, China.
authors.forename: Ning
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Lou
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1277 JieFang Avenue, Wuhan 430022, China.
authors.forename: An-Ming
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Ruan
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1277 JieFang Avenue, Wuhan 430022, China.
authors.forename: Bin
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Qiu
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1277 JieFang Avenue, Wuhan 430022, China.
authors.forename: Lin
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Bao
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1277 JieFang Avenue, Wuhan 430022, China.
authors.forename: Yu-Chen
authors.initials: YC
authors.lastname: Xu
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathogenic Biology, School of Basic Medicine, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 13 HangKong Road, Wuhan 430030, China.
authors.forename: Yan
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Zhao
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathogenic Biology, School of Basic Medicine, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 13 HangKong Road, Wuhan 430030, China.
authors.forename: Ru-Lin
authors.initials: RL
authors.lastname: Sun
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathogenic Biology, School of Basic Medicine, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 13 HangKong Road, Wuhan 430030, China.
authors.forename: San-Tao
authors.initials: ST
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1277 JieFang Avenue, Wuhan 430022, China.
authors.forename: Guang-Hua
authors.initials: GH
authors.lastname: Xu
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1277 JieFang Avenue, Wuhan 430022, China.
authors.forename: Hai-Long
authors.initials: HL
authors.lastname: Ruan
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1277 JieFang Avenue, Wuhan 430022, China.
authors.forename: Chang-Fei
authors.initials: CF
authors.lastname: Yuan
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1277 JieFang Avenue, Wuhan 430022, China.
authors.forename: Wei-Wei
authors.initials: WW
authors.lastname: Han
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1277 JieFang Avenue, Wuhan 430022, China.
authors.forename: Hang-Chuan
authors.initials: HC
authors.lastname: Shi
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathogenic Biology, School of Basic Medicine, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 13 HangKong Road, Wuhan 430030, China.
authors.forename: Hong-Mei
authors.initials: HM
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1277 JieFang Avenue, Wuhan 430022, China. Electronic address: xzhang@hust.edu.cn.
authors.forename: Xiao-Ping
authors.initials: XP
authors.lastname: Zhang
mesh_terms: D018207:Angiomyolipoma / Q000097:blood / Q000175:diagnosis*; D019540:Area Under Curve; D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor / Q000097:blood; D002292:Carcinoma, Renal Cell / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007668:Kidney / Q000378:metabolism; D007680:Kidney Neoplasms / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery; D008297:Male; D035683:MicroRNAs / Q000097:blood* / Q000378:metabolism; D008875:Middle Aged; D009367:Neoplasm Staging; D009392:Nephrectomy; D020411:Oligonucleotide Array Sequence Analysis; D012372:ROC Curve; D020133:Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction; D015854:Up-Regulation
chemical_list: D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor; C554293:MIRN144 microRNA, human; D035683:MicroRNAs
keywords: Biomarker; Clear cell renal cell carcinoma; Plasma; miR-144-3p