title: [Urinary lithiasis in renal transplant recipient].
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To report epidemiology and characteristics of urinary lithiasis and its management in kidney allograft at the time of organ procurement or after kidney transplantation.
  
  
  METHODS
  An exhaustive systematic review of the scientific literature was performed in the Medline database (http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov) and Embase (http://www.embase.com) using different associations of the following keywords (MESH): urinary lithiasis, stone, kidney transplantation. Publications obtained were selected based on methodology, language, date of publication (last 10 years) and relevance. Prospective and retrospective studies, in English or French, review articles; meta-analysis and guidelines were selected and analyzed. This search found 58 articles. After reading, 37 were included in the text based on their relevance.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Frequency of urinary lithiasis in renal transplant recipient is similar to those observed in the general population. Generally, urinary lithiasis of the graft is asymptomatic because of renal denervation after organ procurement and transplantation. Nevertheless, this situation may be at high risk due to the immunosuppressed state of the recipient with a unique functioning kidney. Most of the time, the diagnosis is incidental during routine post-transplantation follow-up. Management of urolithiasis in renal transplant recipient is similar to that performed in general population.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Due to its potential severity in transplanted immunosuppressed patients with a sole kidney, urolithiasis requires expert urological management.
authors.affiliation: Service d'urologie et transplantation rénale, CHU de Nantes, 44000 Nantes, France.
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Branchereau
authors.affiliation: Service d'urologie et transplantation rénale, CHU de Montpellier, 34090 Montpellier, France; Université de Montpellier, université de Franche-Comté, 34090 Montpellier, France.
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Thuret
authors.affiliation: Service d'urologie et transplantation rénale, CHRU de Besançon, 25030 Besançon, France; Université de Franche-Comté, 25030 Besançon, France; Inserm UMR 1098, 25030 Besançon, France.
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Kleinclauss
authors.affiliation: Service d'urologie, hôpital européen Georges-Pompidou, AP-HP, 20, rue Leblanc, 75015 Paris, France; Université Paris Descartes, 75006 Paris, France. Electronic address: marc-olivier.timsit@aphp.fr.
authors.forename: M-O
authors.initials: MO
authors.lastname: Timsit
mesh_terms: D006801:Humans; D016030:Kidney Transplantation; D011183:Postoperative Complications / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000628:therapy; D052878:Urolithiasis / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000628:therapy
keywords: Calcul; Kidney transplantation; Lithiase; Lithiasis; Stone; Transplantation rénale