title: The association of other autoimmune diseases in patients with autoimmune thyroiditis: Review of the literature and report of a large series of patients.
abstract: We have evaluated prospectively the prevalence of other autoimmune disorders in outpatient clinic in 3069 consecutive patients with diagnosed chronic autoimmune thyroiditis (AT), with respect to two age- and sex-matched control groups: a) a control group of 1023 subjects, extracted from a random sample of the general population without thyroid disorders; b) 1023 patients with non-toxic multinodular goiter extracted from the same random sample of the general population, with similar iodine intake. The results of our study demonstrate a significant increase of the prevalence of autoimmune disorders in AT patients (with respect to both controls), for the following diseases: chronic autoimmune gastritis (CAG), vitiligo (Vit), rheumatoid arthritis, polymialgia rheumatica (Polym), celiac disease, diabetes, sjogren disease, multiple sclerosis, systemic lupus erythematosus, sarcoidosis, alopecia, psoriathic arthritis, systemic sclerosis, and HCV-related cryoglobulinemia. While the statistical analysis reached near the significance for Addison's disease and ulcerative colitis. Interestingly, the association of three autoimmune disorders was observed almost exclusively in AT patients, and the most frequent associations were AT+CAG+Vit and AT+CAG+Polym. We suggest that patients with AT who remain unwell, or who develop new not specific symptoms (despite adequate treatment) should be screened for other autoimmune disorders, avoiding the delay in the diagnosis of these disorders.
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Via Savi 10, 56126 Pisa, Italy.
authors.forename: Poupak
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Fallahi
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Via Savi 10, 56126 Pisa, Italy.
authors.forename: Silvia Martina
authors.initials: SM
authors.lastname: Ferrari
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Via Savi 10, 56126 Pisa, Italy.
authors.forename: Ilaria
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Ruffilli
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Via Savi 10, 56126 Pisa, Italy.
authors.forename: Giusy
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Elia
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgical, Medical, Molecular Pathology and Critical Area, University of Pisa, Via Savi 10, 56126 Pisa, Italy.
authors.forename: Marco
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Biricotti
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Messina, Policlinico G. Martino, Padiglione H, 4 piano, via Consolare Valeria, 98125 Messina, Italy.
authors.forename: Roberto
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Vita
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Messina, Policlinico G. Martino, Padiglione H, 4 piano, via Consolare Valeria, 98125 Messina, Italy; Master Program on Childhood, Adolescent and Women's Endocrine Health, University of Messina School of Medicine, Messina, Italy; Interdepartmental Program of Molecular and Clinical Endocrinology, and Women's Endocrine Health, University Hospital Policlinico G. Martino, Messina, Italy.
authors.forename: Salvatore
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Benvenga
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Via Savi 10, 56126 Pisa, Italy. Electronic address: alessandro.antonelli@med.unipi.it.
authors.forename: Alessandro
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Antonelli
mesh_terms: D001172:Arthritis, Rheumatoid / Q000276:immunology*; D006801:Humans; D007037:Hypothyroidism / Q000276:immunology*; D008875:Middle Aged; D011446:Prospective Studies; D013967:Thyroiditis, Autoimmune / Q000276:immunology*
keywords: AbTPO; Autoimmune thyroid diseases; Autoimmune thyroiditis; Hypothyroidism; Organ specific autoimmune diseases; Systemic rheumatological disorders