title: A double-lyophilization method for the preparation of CS/GO-COOH scaffold and its application in blood detoxification.
abstract: The accumulation of uremic toxins in blood might induce chronic renal failure (CRF). The incidence of CRF was as high as 10%. The traditional therapy for CRF was hemodialysis, which was more effective to remove small molecules, such as urea and creatinine. However, this detoxification method ignored the tissue functional adaption due to the retention of macromolecule uremic toxins. To solve this problem, this paper developed a new kind of chitosan/carboxyl graphite oxide (CS/GO-COOH) scaffold via a double-lyophilization method. Then, this synthetic scaffold was characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, scanning electron microscope, hydrophilic test, mechanical property, and in vitro detoxification test. Covalent bonding and hydrogen bonding were formed, indicating the strong interactions between CS and GO-COOH. There were interconnected networks in the synthesized scaffold. The mechanical test suggested that the GO-2500 scaffold had excellent mechanical strength, which was 7.41 ± 0.82 MPa with 25% shrink. What is more, GO-2500 could totally rebound within 1s, after compressed to 90% shrink. The rates of GO-2500 were 1587 ± 60 and 246 ± 10% according to the water uptake and retention data, respectively. Furthermore, the detoxification of GO-2500 to urea, creatinine, VB12, and β2-m were 67.59 ± 2.31, 39.67 ± 2.95, 31.51 ± 2.62, and 83.82 ± 7.76 mg/g, respectively. The resulting CS/GO-COOH scaffold held great potential for the detoxification of uremic toxins.
authors.affiliation: a Key Laboratory for Biomechanics and Mechanobiology of Ministry of Education, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering , Beihang University , Beijing , China.
authors.forename: Gang
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Zhou
authors.affiliation: a Key Laboratory for Biomechanics and Mechanobiology of Ministry of Education, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering , Beihang University , Beijing , China.
authors.forename: Lei
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: a Key Laboratory for Biomechanics and Mechanobiology of Ministry of Education, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering , Beihang University , Beijing , China.
authors.forename: Jianchao
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: b Beijing Key Laboratory for Pediatric Diseases of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery , Beijing Pediatric Research Institute, Beijing Children's Hospital, Capital Medical University , Beijing , China.|c Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Beijing Children's Hospital , Capital Medical University , Beijing , China.
authors.forename: Jun
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Tai
authors.affiliation: a Key Laboratory for Biomechanics and Mechanobiology of Ministry of Education, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering , Beihang University , Beijing , China.
authors.forename: Haisheng
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Su
authors.affiliation: a Key Laboratory for Biomechanics and Mechanobiology of Ministry of Education, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering , Beihang University , Beijing , China.
authors.forename: Jing
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: a Key Laboratory for Biomechanics and Mechanobiology of Ministry of Education, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering , Beihang University , Beijing , China.
authors.forename: Yuan
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Xi
authors.affiliation: a Key Laboratory for Biomechanics and Mechanobiology of Ministry of Education, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering , Beihang University , Beijing , China.
authors.forename: Yubo
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Fan
keywords: Carboxyl graphite oxide; chitosan; detoxification; double-lyophilization method; scaffold