title: Increased Interleukin-32 Levels in Obesity Promote Adipose Tissue Inflammation and Extracellular Matrix Remodeling: Effect of Weight Loss.
abstract: Interleukin (IL)-32 is a recently described cytokine involved in the regulation of inflammation. We aimed to explore whether IL-32 could function as an inflammatory and angiogenic factor in human obesity and obesity-associated type 2 diabetes. Samples obtained from 90 subjects were used in the study. Obese patients exhibited higher expression levels of IL-32 in visceral adipose tissue (AT) as well as in subcutaneous AT and peripheral blood mononuclear cells. IL32 was mainly expressed by stromovascular fraction cells, and its expression was significantly enhanced by inflammatory stimuli and hypoxia, whereas no changes were found after the incubation with anti-inflammatory cytokines. The addition of exogenous IL-32 induced the expression of inflammation and extracellular matrix-related genes in human adipocyte cultures, and IL32-silenced adipocytes showed a downregulation of inflammatory genes. Furthermore, adipocyte-conditioned media obtained from obese patients increased IL32 gene expression in human monocyte cultures, whereas the adipocyte-conditioned media from lean volunteers had no effect on IL32 mRNA levels. These findings provide evidence, for the first time, about the inflammatory and remodeling properties of IL-32 in AT, implicating this cytokine in obesity-associated comorbidities.
authors.affiliation: Metabolic Research Laboratory, Clínica Universidad de Navarra, Pamplona, Spain vcatalan@unav.es.|Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red, Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición, CIBEROBN, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Pamplona, Spain.|Obesity and Adipobiology Group, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Navarra, IdiSNA, Pamplona, Spain.
authors.forename: Victoria
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Catalán
authors.affiliation: Metabolic Research Laboratory, Clínica Universidad de Navarra, Pamplona, Spain.|Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red, Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición, CIBEROBN, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Pamplona, Spain.|Obesity and Adipobiology Group, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Navarra, IdiSNA, Pamplona, Spain.
authors.forename: Javier
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Gómez-Ambrosi
authors.affiliation: Metabolic Research Laboratory, Clínica Universidad de Navarra, Pamplona, Spain.|Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red, Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición, CIBEROBN, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Pamplona, Spain.|Obesity and Adipobiology Group, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Navarra, IdiSNA, Pamplona, Spain.
authors.forename: Amaia
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Rodríguez
authors.affiliation: Metabolic Research Laboratory, Clínica Universidad de Navarra, Pamplona, Spain.|Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red, Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición, CIBEROBN, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Pamplona, Spain.|Obesity and Adipobiology Group, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Navarra, IdiSNA, Pamplona, Spain.
authors.forename: Beatriz
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Ramírez
authors.affiliation: Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red, Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición, CIBEROBN, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Pamplona, Spain.|Obesity and Adipobiology Group, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Navarra, IdiSNA, Pamplona, Spain.|Department of Surgery, Clínica Universidad de Navarra, Pamplona, Spain.
authors.forename: Víctor
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Valentí
authors.affiliation: Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red, Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición, CIBEROBN, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Pamplona, Spain.|Obesity and Adipobiology Group, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Navarra, IdiSNA, Pamplona, Spain.|Department of Anesthesia, Clínica Universidad de Navarra, Pamplona, Spain.
authors.forename: Rafael
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Moncada
authors.affiliation: Department of Internal Medicine, Clínica Universidad de Navarra, Pamplona, Spain.|TRUEHF Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Navarra, Pamplona, Spain.
authors.forename: Manuel F
authors.initials: MF
authors.lastname: Landecho
authors.affiliation: Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red, Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición, CIBEROBN, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Pamplona, Spain.|Obesity and Adipobiology Group, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Navarra, IdiSNA, Pamplona, Spain.|Department of Endocrinology & Nutrition, Clínica Universidad de Navarra, Pamplona, Spain.
authors.forename: Camilo
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Silva
authors.affiliation: Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red, Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición, CIBEROBN, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Pamplona, Spain.|Department of Endocrinology & Nutrition, Clínica Universidad de Navarra, Pamplona, Spain.
authors.forename: Javier
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Salvador
authors.affiliation: Metabolic Research Laboratory, Clínica Universidad de Navarra, Pamplona, Spain.|Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red, Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición, CIBEROBN, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Pamplona, Spain.|Obesity and Adipobiology Group, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Navarra, IdiSNA, Pamplona, Spain.|Department of Endocrinology & Nutrition, Clínica Universidad de Navarra, Pamplona, Spain.
authors.forename: Gema
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Frühbeck
mesh_terms: D017667:Adipocytes / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism; D000273:Adipose Tissue / Q000276:immunology* / Q000378:metabolism*; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D003924:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / Q000097:blood / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism; D005109:Extracellular Matrix / Q000378:metabolism*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007378:Interleukins / Q000097:blood* / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D050356:Lipid Metabolism / Q000502:physiology; D008297:Male; D009000:Monocytes / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism; D009765:Obesity / Q000097:blood* / Q000276:immunology* / Q000378:metabolism; D034741:RNA, Small Interfering; D015431:Weight Loss / Q000502:physiology*
chemical_list: C496971:IL32 protein, human; D007378:Interleukins; D034741:RNA, Small Interfering