title: PILOT STUDY TO ASSESS MEAL PROGRESSION THROUGH THE GASTROINTESTINAL TRACT OF HABITUATED DOGS DETERMINED BY FLUOROSCOPIC IMAGING WITHOUT SEDATION OR PHYSICAL RESTRAINT.
abstract: A limiting factor of radiographic contrast studies is the requirement for restraint of the animal in order to reduce movement artifacts. To demonstrate that gastrointestinal transit can be analyzed by a barium meal in nonsedated and unrestrained dogs, a pilot study of six adult Labrador retriever dogs was undertaken. Study subjects were selected by convenience sampling from an available population of Labrador dogs and were trained to stand motionless during radiographic fluoroscopy. Following a meal containing 7% w/w powdered barium sulfate, radiographic images were generated using a digital fluoroscope C-arm, at intervals of 5, 15, and 30 min, and at 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, and 8 h. A qualitative assessment of fill density using a 5-point scale was made for the stomach, small intestine, and ascending, transverse, and descending regions of the colon at each timepoint. Gastric emptying half-time occurred between 1 and 2 h postmeal. Mean fill density of the small intestine increased from 15 min postmeal and reached a peak at 3 h postmeal. Mean fill density of the proximal large intestine mirrored that of the small intestine. The distal large intestine remained empty for the first 2 h postmeal, then increased between hours 2 and 5 postmeal, and was subsequently at maximum fill density from hour 6 postmeal onwards. Fluoroscopic observation of a barium contrast meal provided an effective indication of the amount and progression of ingested food through the various regions of the gastrointestinal tract in habituated, fully conscious dogs.
authors.affiliation: WALTHAM® Centre for Pet Nutrition, Waltham on the Wolds, Leicestershire, LE14 4RT, UK. david.wrigglesworth@effem.com.
authors.forename: David J
authors.initials: DJ
authors.lastname: Wrigglesworth
authors.affiliation: Banfield Pet Hospital, PO Box 13998, 8000 NE Tillamook St, Portland, OR, 97213-0998.
authors.forename: Michael Q
authors.initials: MQ
authors.lastname: Bailey
authors.affiliation: WALTHAM® Centre for Pet Nutrition, Waltham on the Wolds, Leicestershire, LE14 4RT, UK.
authors.forename: Alison
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Colyer
authors.affiliation: WALTHAM® Centre for Pet Nutrition, Waltham on the Wolds, Leicestershire, LE14 4RT, UK.
authors.forename: Kevin R
authors.initials: KR
authors.lastname: Hughes
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001466:Barium Sulfate; D016292:Procedural Sedation / Q000662:veterinary*; D003287:Contrast Media; D004285:Dogs / Q000502:physiology*; D005471:Fluoroscopy / Q000379:methods / Q000662:veterinary*; D005772:Gastrointestinal Transit; D010865:Pilot Projects; D012149:Restraint, Physical / Q000662:veterinary*
chemical_list: D003287:Contrast Media; D001466:Barium Sulfate
keywords: barium; dog; sedation; transit