title: Disruption of Prostate Microvasculature by Combining Microbubble-Enhanced Ultrasound and Prothrombin.
abstract: Previous studies have shown a unique method to disrupt tumor vasculature using pulsed, high-pressure amplitude therapeutic ultrasound combined with microbubbles. In this study, we attempted to destroy the prostate vasculature of canine prostates using microbubble-enhanced ultrasound (MEUS) and prothrombin. The prostates of 43 male mongrel canines were surgically exposed. Twenty-two prostates were treated using MEUS (n = 11) or MEUS and prothrombin (PMEUS, n = 11). The other 21 prostates, which were treated using microbubbles (n = 7), ultrasound (n = 7) or prothrombin (n = 7) only, served as the controls. Prothrombin was intravenously infused at 20 IU/kg. MEUS was induced using a therapeutic ultrasound device at a peak negative pressure of 4.47 MPa and a microbubble injection. Contrast-enhanced ultrasound was performed to assess the blood perfusion of the prostates. Then, the prostate tissue was harvested immediately after treatment and at 48 hours later for pathological examination. The contrast-enhanced ultrasound peak value of the prostate decreased significantly from 36.2 ± 5.6 to 27.1 ± 6.3 after treatment in the PMEUS group, but it remained unchanged in the other groups. Histological examination found severe microvascular rupture, hemorrhage and thrombosis in both MEUS- and PMEUS-treated prostates immediately after treatment, while disruption in the PMEUS group was more severe than in the MEUS group. Forty-eight hours after treatment, massive necrosis and infiltration of white blood cells occurred in the PMEUS group. This study demonstrated that PMEUS disrupted the normal microvasculature of canine prostates and induced massive necrosis. PMEUS could potentially become a new noninvasive method used for the treatment of benign prostatic hyperplasia.
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, Research Institute of Surgery, Daping Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China.
authors.forename: Jinlong
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: Department of Ultrasound, Xinqiao Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China.
authors.forename: Shengzheng
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Wu
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, Xinqiao Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China.
authors.forename: Yongliang
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.affiliation: Department of Ultrasound, Xinqiao Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China.
authors.forename: Lu
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Qiao
authors.affiliation: Department of Ultrasound, Xinqiao Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China.
authors.forename: Wenhong
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Gao
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, Research Institute of Surgery, Daping Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China.|State key laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Research Institute of Surgery, Daping Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China.
authors.forename: Weiguo
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: Department of Ultrasound, Xinqiao Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China.
authors.forename: Zheng
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Liu
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D004285:Dogs; D057086:High-Intensity Focused Ultrasound Ablation / Q000379:methods*; D008297:Male; D045423:Microbubbles / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D055806:Microvessels / Q000473:pathology*; D011467:Prostate / Q000098:blood supply* / Q000473:pathology; D011470:Prostatic Hyperplasia / Q000473:pathology / Q000628:therapy*; D011516:Prothrombin / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use*
chemical_list: D011516:Prothrombin