title: The Cilium: Cellular Antenna and Central Processing Unit.
abstract: Cilia mediate an astonishing diversity of processes. Recent advances provide unexpected insights into the regulatory mechanisms of cilium formation, and reveal diverse regulatory inputs that are related to the cell cycle, cytoskeleton, proteostasis, and cilia-mediated signaling itself. Ciliogenesis and cilia maintenance are regulated by reciprocal antagonistic or synergistic influences, often acting in parallel to each other. By receiving parallel inputs, cilia appear to integrate multiple signals into specific outputs and may have functions similar to logic gates of digital systems. Some combinations of input signals appear to impose higher hierarchical control related to the cell cycle. An integrated view of these regulatory inputs will be necessary to understand ciliogenesis and its wider relevance to human biology.
authors.affiliation: Bateson Centre and Department of Biomedical Science, University of Sheffield, Western Bank Sheffield, S10 2TN, UK. Electronic address: j.malicki@sheffield.ac.uk.
authors.forename: Jarema J
authors.initials: JJ
authors.lastname: Malicki
authors.affiliation: Wellcome Trust Brenner Building, Leeds Institute of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, University of Leeds, Beckett Street, Leeds LS9 7TF, UK. Electronic address: c.johnson@leeds.ac.uk.
authors.forename: Colin A
authors.initials: CA
authors.lastname: Johnson
mesh_terms: D008841:Actin Cytoskeleton / Q000378:metabolism; D000818:Animals; D002453:Cell Cycle; D002923:Cilia / Q000378:metabolism*; D006801:Humans; D038081:Organogenesis; D000074702:Proteostasis; D015398:Signal Transduction
keywords: actin cytoskeleton; autophagy; cell cycle; ciliogenesis; mTOR pathway; primary cilium