title: The emerging role of non-coding circulating RNA as a biomarker in renal cell carcinoma.
abstract: Bodily fluids like serum and plasma contain significant amounts of tumor-derived circulating cell-free RNA, which holds the potential to serve as diagnostic biomarker. Consequently, liquid biopsies comprising circulating cell-free RNA might help to facilitate personalized treatment strategies for patients with renal cell carcinoma (RCC). Areas covered: The present review provides a summary of the literature obtained by a PubMed search and covers the current knowledge on circulating non-coding cell-free RNA in patients with RCC. Expert commentary: Altered circulating microRNA and long non-coding RNAs signatures allow for the discrimination of patients with RCC and healthy individuals. On the other hand, little is known about non-coding RNA expression in benign tumors. Cell-free microRNA expression levels may help to identify patients at risk for disease recurrence. However, accurate determination of cell-free RNAs is methodologically challenging and currently no biomarker candidate has reached a sufficient level of clinical validation. Thus, short-term implementation of cell-free circulating microRNA into clinical routine seems unlikely.
authors.affiliation: a Department of Urology , University Hospital Bonn , Bonn , Germany.
authors.forename: Jörg
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Ellinger
authors.affiliation: b Institute of Pathology , University Hospital Bonn , Bonn , Germany.
authors.forename: Heidrun
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Gevensleben
authors.affiliation: a Department of Urology , University Hospital Bonn , Bonn , Germany.
authors.forename: Stefan C
authors.initials: SC
authors.lastname: Müller
authors.affiliation: b Institute of Pathology , University Hospital Bonn , Bonn , Germany.|c Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery , University Hospital Bonn , Bonn , Germany.
authors.forename: Dimo
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Dietrich
mesh_terms: D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor; D001706:Biopsy; D002292:Carcinoma, Renal Cell / Q000097:blood / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000235:genetics* / Q000401:mortality; D006801:Humans; D007680:Kidney Neoplasms / Q000097:blood / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000235:genetics*; D035683:MicroRNAs / Q000097:blood / Q000235:genetics; D011379:Prognosis; D062085:RNA, Long Noncoding; D022661:RNA, Untranslated / Q000097:blood / Q000235:genetics*
chemical_list: D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor; D035683:MicroRNAs; D062085:RNA, Long Noncoding; D022661:RNA, Untranslated
keywords: RNA; Renal cell carcinoma; biomarker; bodily fluids; circulating cell-free RNA; lncRNA; long non-coding RNA; miRNA; microRNA; ncRNA; non-coding RNA; plasma; serum