title: Emerging Trends in the Etiology, Prevention, and Treatment of Gastrointestinal Anastomotic Leakage.
abstract: Anastomotic leaks represent one of the most alarming complications following any gastrointestinal anastomosis due to the substantial effects on post-operative morbidity and mortality of the patient with long-lasting effects on the functional and oncologic outcomes. There is a lack of consensus related to the definition of an anastomotic leak, with a variety of options for prevention and management. A number of patient-related and technical risk factors have been found to be associated with the development of an anastomotic leak and have inspired the development of various preventative measures and technologies. The International Multispecialty Anastomotic Leak Global Improvement Exchange group was convened to establish a consensus on the definition of an anastomotic leak as well as to discuss the various diagnostic, preventative, and management measures currently available.
authors.affiliation: Department of Colorectal Surgery, Cleveland Clinic Florida, 2950 Cleveland Clinic Blvd., Weston, FL, 33331, USA.|Division of General Surgery, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada.|Department of Surgery, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.
authors.forename: Sami A
authors.initials: SA
authors.lastname: Chadi
authors.affiliation: Section for Surgical Research, Department of Surgery, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria.|First Department of Surgery, Hippokration University Hospital, University of Athens, Athens, Greece.
authors.forename: Abe
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Fingerhut
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathology, Cleveland Clinic Florida, Weston, FL, USA.
authors.forename: Mariana
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Berho
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
authors.forename: Steven R
authors.initials: SR
authors.lastname: DeMeester
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, Baylor University Medical Center at Dallas, Dallas, TX, USA.
authors.forename: James W
authors.initials: JW
authors.lastname: Fleshman
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, University of Chicago Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA.
authors.forename: Neil H
authors.initials: NH
authors.lastname: Hyman
authors.affiliation: Department of Colon and Rectal Surgery, Ochsner Clinic Foundation, New Orleans, LA, USA.
authors.forename: David A
authors.initials: DA
authors.lastname: Margolin
authors.affiliation: Division of Colorectal Surgery, Mount Sinai Beth Israel, New York, NY, USA.
authors.forename: Joseph E
authors.initials: JE
authors.lastname: Martz
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, Colorectal Surgery, Kaiser Permanente Los Angeles Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
authors.forename: Elisabeth C
authors.initials: EC
authors.lastname: McLemore
authors.affiliation: Division of Thoracic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA.
authors.forename: Daniela
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Molena
authors.affiliation: Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Cleveland Clinic Florida, Weston, FL, USA.
authors.forename: Martin I
authors.initials: MI
authors.lastname: Newman
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, USA.
authors.forename: Janice F
authors.initials: JF
authors.lastname: Rafferty
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.
authors.forename: Bashar
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Safar
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA.
authors.forename: Anthony J
authors.initials: AJ
authors.lastname: Senagore
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, Sackler School of Medicine, Sheba Medical Center, Tel Aviv, Israel.
authors.forename: Oded
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Zmora
authors.affiliation: Department of Colorectal Surgery, Cleveland Clinic Florida, 2950 Cleveland Clinic Blvd., Weston, FL, 33331, USA. wexners@ccf.org.
authors.forename: Steven D
authors.initials: SD
authors.lastname: Wexner
mesh_terms: D000714:Anastomosis, Surgical / Q000009:adverse effects; D057868:Anastomotic Leak / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000209:etiology* / Q000517:prevention & control / Q000628:therapy*; D032921:Consensus; D013505:Digestive System Surgical Procedures / Q000009:adverse effects*; D006801:Humans; D012307:Risk Factors; D009626:Terminology as Topic
keywords: Consensus; Gastrointestinal anastomotic leakage; International Multispecialty Anastomotic Leak Global Improvement Exchange; Morbidity; Review