title: Effectiveness and Safety of Newer Antidiabetic Medications for Ramadan Fasting Diabetic Patients.
abstract: Hypoglycemia is the most common side effects for most glucose-lowering therapies. It constitutes a serious risk that faces diabetic patients who fast during Ramadan (the 9th month in the Islamic calendar). New glucose-lowering classes like dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) inhibitors, glucagon-like peptide 1 receptor agonist (GLP-1 RA), and sodium-glucose cotransporter-2 (SGLT-2) inhibitors are efficacious in controlling blood glucose level with less tendency to induce hypoglycemia and thus may constitute a good choice for diabetic patients during Ramadan. This study reviews the safety and efficacy of newer glucose-lowering therapies during Ramadan. This study was accomplished through a careful literature search about studies that assess the benefit and side effects of these new glucose-lowering therapies during Ramadan during September 2015. Vildagliptin, sitagliptin, liraglutide, exenatide, and dapagliflozin were the only studied glucose-lowering therapies. All of the studied newer glucose-lowering therapies except dapagliflozin were associated with reduced risk to induce hypoglycemia. Gastrointestinal upset was common with the usage of liraglutide while increased thirst sensation was common with dapagliflozin. In conclusion DPP-4 inhibitors such as vildagliptin and sitagliptin may form a suitable glucose-lowering therapy option for Ramadan fasting patients.
authors.affiliation: College of Pharmacy, Clinical Pharmacy Department, Baghdad University, Baghdad, Iraq.
authors.forename: Ehab
authors.identifier: 0000-0002-6341-4978
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Mudher Mikhael
mesh_terms: D000218:Adamantane / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000031:analogs & derivatives / Q000627:therapeutic use; D001559:Benzhydryl Compounds / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use; D003924:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / Q000188:drug therapy*; D054873:Dipeptidyl-Peptidase IV Inhibitors / Q000009:adverse effects*; D000077270:Exenatide; D005215:Fasting; D005960:Glucosides / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use; D006693:Holidays; D006801:Humans; D007003:Hypoglycemia / Q000139:chemically induced*; D007004:Hypoglycemic Agents / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D007514:Islam; D000069450:Liraglutide / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use; D009570:Nitriles / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use; D010455:Peptides / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use; D011759:Pyrrolidines / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use; D000068900:Sitagliptin Phosphate / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use; D000077203:Sodium-Glucose Transporter 2 Inhibitors; D014688:Venoms / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use; D000077597:Vildagliptin; D000097789:Glucagon-Like Peptide-1 Receptor Agonists
chemical_list: D001559:Benzhydryl Compounds; D054873:Dipeptidyl-Peptidase IV Inhibitors; D005960:Glucosides; D007004:Hypoglycemic Agents; D009570:Nitriles; D010455:Peptides; D011759:Pyrrolidines; D000077203:Sodium-Glucose Transporter 2 Inhibitors; D014688:Venoms; C529054:dapagliflozin; D000069450:Liraglutide; D000077270:Exenatide; D000077597:Vildagliptin; D000218:Adamantane; D000068900:Sitagliptin Phosphate; D000097789:Glucagon-Like Peptide-1 Receptor Agonists