title: Endocan: a novel biomarker associated with well-developed coronary collateral circulation in patients with stable angina and chronic total occlusion.
abstract: Angiogenesis and arteriogenesis have a crucial role in the formation of coronary collateral vessels. It has been shown that endocan and vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 (VCAM-1) are potential angiogenetic factors. We investigated the relationship between serum endocan levels and grade of coronary collaterals, and also the correlation of endocan levels with serum VCAM-1 levels. Patients with stable angina and at least one total coronary occlusion at invasive coronary angiography were included in our study. Collateral degree was graded according to Rentrop and Cohen's classification. Patients who had grade 0 or 1 collateral vessels were included in the poorly-developed collateral group, and those with grade 2 or 3 coronary collateral vessels were included in the well-developed collateral group. Serum endocan and VCAM-1 levels were significantly higher in the well-developed collateral group (436.6 ± 213.3 ng/mL vs. 216.1 ± 78.5 ng/mL, p < .001; 11.02 ± 6.58 ng/mL vs. 6.78 ± 1.14 ng/mL, p < .001, respectively). In a logistic regression analysis, only serum endocan level remained as an independent predictor for good collateral development. In the ROC curve analysis, 282 ng/mL endocan level had an a 82 % sensitivity and 86 % specificity for prediction of the well-developed collateral group. Higher endocan level was related to better coronary collateral development. In the event that these results are confirmed in further studies, endocan may be considered as an anti-ischemic treatment strategy in order to improve collateral development.
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardiology, School of Medicine, Istanbul University, Capa, 34290, Istanbul, Turkey. samim03@hotmail.com.
authors.forename: Samim
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Emet
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardiology, School of Medicine, Istanbul University, Capa, 34290, Istanbul, Turkey.
authors.forename: Ali
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Elitok
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardiology, School of Medicine, Istanbul University, Capa, 34290, Istanbul, Turkey.
authors.forename: Imran
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Onur
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardiology, School of Medicine, Istanbul University, Capa, 34290, Istanbul, Turkey.
authors.forename: Mehmet
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kocaaga
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardiology, School of Medicine, Istanbul University, Capa, 34290, Istanbul, Turkey.
authors.forename: Ahmet Kaya
authors.initials: AK
authors.lastname: Bilge
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardiology, School of Medicine, Istanbul University, Capa, 34290, Istanbul, Turkey.
authors.forename: Huseyin
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Oflaz
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardiology, School of Medicine, Istanbul University, Capa, 34290, Istanbul, Turkey.
authors.forename: Berrin
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Umman
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardiology, School of Medicine, Istanbul University, Capa, 34290, Istanbul, Turkey.
authors.forename: Aytac
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Oncul
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardiology, School of Medicine, Istanbul University, Capa, 34290, Istanbul, Turkey.
authors.forename: Zehra
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Bugra
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardiology, School of Medicine, Istanbul University, Capa, 34290, Istanbul, Turkey.
authors.forename: Kamil
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Adalet
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardiology, School of Medicine, Istanbul University, Capa, 34290, Istanbul, Turkey.
authors.forename: Fehmi
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Mercanoglu
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D060050:Angina, Stable / Q000097:blood*; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000097:blood; D002908:Chronic Disease; D003097:Collateral Circulation / Q000502:physiology; D003326:Coronary Circulation / Q000502:physiology; D054059:Coronary Occlusion / Q000097:blood*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009363:Neoplasm Proteins / Q000097:blood*; D011509:Proteoglycans / Q000097:blood*; D012372:ROC Curve; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D019010:Vascular Cell Adhesion Molecule-1 / Q000097:blood
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; C101134:ESM1 protein, human; D009363:Neoplasm Proteins; D011509:Proteoglycans; D019010:Vascular Cell Adhesion Molecule-1
keywords: Chronic total occlusion; Coronary artery disease; Coronary collateral circulation; Endocan; Vascular cell adhesion molecule-1