title: Quantification of myocardial blood flow with (82)Rb: Validation with (15)O-water using time-of-flight and point-spread-function modeling.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  We quantified myocardial blood flow with (82)Rb PET using parameters of the generalized Renkin-Crone model estimated from (82)Rb and (15)O-water images reconstructed with time-of-flight and point spread function modeling. Previous estimates of rubidium extraction have used older-generation scanners without time-of-flight or point spread function modeling. We validated image-derived input functions with continuously collected arterial samples.
  
  
  METHODS
  Nine healthy subjects were scanned at rest and under pharmacological stress on the Siemens Biograph mCT with (82)Rb and (15)O-water PET, undergoing arterial blood sampling with each scan. Image-derived input functions were estimated from the left ventricle cavity and corrected with tracer-specific population-based scale factors determined from arterial data. Kinetic parametric images were generated from the dynamic PET images by fitting the one-tissue compartment model to each voxel's time activity curve. Mean myocardial blood flow was determined from each subject's (15)O-water k 2 images. The parameters of the generalized Renkin-Crone model were estimated from these water-based flows and mean myocardial (82)Rb K 1 estimates.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Image-derived input functions showed improved agreement with arterial measurements after a scale correction. The Renkin-Crone model fit (a = 0.77, b = 0.39) was similar to those previously published, though b was lower.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  We have presented parameter estimates for the generalized Renkin-Crone model of extraction for (82)Rb PET using human (82)Rb and (15)O-water PET from high-resolution images using a state-of-the-art time-of-flight-capable scanner. These results provide a state-of-the-art methodology for myocardial blood flow measurement with (82)Rb PET.
authors.affiliation: Biomedical Engineering, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA. mary.germino@yale.edu.|PET Center, Yale School of Medicine, PO Box 208048, New Haven, CT, 06520-8048, USA. mary.germino@yale.edu.
authors.forename: Mary
authors.identifier: http://orcid.org/0000-0001-7523-3798
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Germino
authors.affiliation: PET Center, Diagnostic Radiology, School of Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA.
authors.forename: Jim
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Ropchan
authors.affiliation: PET Center, Diagnostic Radiology, School of Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA.
authors.forename: Tim
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Mulnix
authors.affiliation: PET Center, Diagnostic Radiology, School of Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA.
authors.forename: Kathryn
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Fontaine
authors.affiliation: PET Center, Diagnostic Radiology, School of Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA.
authors.forename: Nabeel
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Nabulsi
authors.affiliation: Yale Cardiovascular Research Center, Section of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA.
authors.forename: Eric
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Ackah
authors.affiliation: Yale Cardiovascular Research Center, Section of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA.
authors.forename: Herman
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Feringa
authors.affiliation: Yale Cardiovascular Research Center, Section of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA.
authors.forename: Albert J
authors.initials: AJ
authors.lastname: Sinusas
authors.affiliation: Biomedical Engineering, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA.|PET Center, Diagnostic Radiology, School of Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA.
authors.forename: Chi
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.affiliation: Biomedical Engineering, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA.|PET Center, Diagnostic Radiology, School of Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA.
authors.forename: Richard E
authors.initials: RE
authors.lastname: Carson
keywords: Image-derived input function; Myocardial blood flow; Rubidium-82 PET; TOF PET