title: No Change in Interictal PACAP Levels in Peripheral Blood in Women With Chronic Migraine.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To determine total pituitary adenylate cyclase activating polypeptide (PACAP) in peripheral blood as a potential marker of the activation of the parasympathetic arm of the trigemino-vascular system in chronic migraine (CM) in a case-control study.
  
  
  METHODS
  Women older than 17 and diagnosed as CM were recruited. Healthy women with no headache history and women with episodic migraine (EM) served as control groups. Total PACAP and vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP) levels were determined in blood samples obtained from the right antecubital vein by ELISA outside a migraine attack and having taken no symptomatic medication the day before.
  
  
  RESULTS
  We assessed serum samples from 86 women with CM, 32 healthy women, and 35 women with EM. There were no differences in PACAP levels in CM patients (109.8 ± 43.8, 97.4 [32.5-253.1] pg/mL), controls (108.7 ± 43.0, 98.7 [50.7-197.3] pg/mL), or EM patients (98.8 ± 34.3, 94.2 [52.0-190.7] pg/mL). VIP levels were significantly increased (P = .027) in CM as compared to control healthy women (136.0 ± 111.5 pg/mL; 103.1 [20.5-534.0] pg/mL vs 88.6 ± 61.0 pg/mL; 66.0 [21.1-256.1]) and EM patients (103.0 ± 56.7 pg/mL; 103.5 [15.2-263.0] pg/mL). In the range of this study variables such as age, CM duration, the presence of aura, analgesic overuse, depression, fibromyalgia, vascular risk factors, history of triptan consumption or kind of preventative treatment did not significantly influence PACAP or VIP levels.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In contrast to VIP, interictal PACAP level measured in peripheral blood does not seem to be a biomarker reflecting parasympathetic activation in CM.
authors.affiliation: Neuroscience Area, Service of Neurology, University Hospital Central de Asturias, Oviedo and Ineuropa, Oviedo (E. Cernuda-Morollón, N. Riesco, E. Serrano-Pertierra, C. García-Cabo, and J. Pascual).
authors.forename: Eva
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Cernuda-Morollón
authors.affiliation: Neuroscience Area, Service of Neurology, University Hospital Central de Asturias, Oviedo and Ineuropa, Oviedo (E. Cernuda-Morollón, N. Riesco, E. Serrano-Pertierra, C. García-Cabo, and J. Pascual).
authors.forename: Nuria
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Riesco
authors.affiliation: Oficina de Investigación Biosanitaria OIB, Oviedo, Asturias, Spain, Universidad Autónoma de Chile, Santiago, Chile (P. Martínez-Camblor).
authors.forename: Pablo
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Martínez-Camblor
authors.affiliation: Neuroscience Area, Service of Neurology, University Hospital Central de Asturias, Oviedo and Ineuropa, Oviedo (E. Cernuda-Morollón, N. Riesco, E. Serrano-Pertierra, C. García-Cabo, and J. Pascual).
authors.forename: Esther
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Serrano-Pertierra
authors.affiliation: Neuroscience Area, Service of Neurology, University Hospital Central de Asturias, Oviedo and Ineuropa, Oviedo (E. Cernuda-Morollón, N. Riesco, E. Serrano-Pertierra, C. García-Cabo, and J. Pascual).
authors.forename: Carmen
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: García-Cabo
authors.affiliation: Neuroscience Area, Service of Neurology, University Hospital Central de Asturias, Oviedo and Ineuropa, Oviedo (E. Cernuda-Morollón, N. Riesco, E. Serrano-Pertierra, C. García-Cabo, and J. Pascual). juliopascual@telefonica.net.|University Hospital Marqués de Valdecilla and IDIVAL, Santander, Spain (J. Pascual).. juliopascual@telefonica.net.
authors.forename: Julio
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Pascual
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000097:blood; D001774:Blood Chemical Analysis; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D015897:Comorbidity; D004797:Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008875:Middle Aged; D008881:Migraine Disorders / Q000097:blood* / Q000150:complications / Q000188:drug therapy; D051219:Pituitary Adenylate Cyclase-Activating Polypeptide / Q000097:blood*; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: C495401:ADCYAP1 protein, human; D015415:Biomarkers; D051219:Pituitary Adenylate Cyclase-Activating Polypeptide
keywords: chronic migraine; pituitary adenylate cyclase activating polypeptide; trigemino-vascular system; vasoactive intestinal peptide