title: Perceived listening effort and speech intelligibility in reverberation and noise for hearing-impaired listeners.
abstract: The purpose of this study was to assess perceived listening effort and speech intelligibility in reverberant and noisy conditions for hearing-impaired listeners for conditions that are similar according to the speech transmission index (STI).
  
  
  
  Scaled listening effort was measured in four different conditions at five different STI generated using various relative contributions of noise and reverberant interferences. Intelligibility was measured for a subset of conditions.
  
  
  
  Twenty mildly to moderately hearing-impaired listeners.
  
  
  
  In general, listening effort decreased and speech intelligibility increased with increasing STI. For simulated impulse responses consisting of white Gaussian noise exponentially decaying in time, a good agreement between conditions of different relative contributions of noise and reverberation was found. For real impulse responses, the STI slightly overestimated the effect of reverberation on the perceived listening effort and underestimated its effect on speech intelligibility. Including the average hearing loss in the calculation of the STI led to a better agreement between STI predictions and subjective data.
  
  
  
  Speech intelligibility and listening effort provide complementary tools to evaluate speech perception over a broad range of acoustic scenarios. In addition, when incorporating hearing loss information the STI provides a rough prediction of listening effort in these acoustic scenarios.
authors.affiliation: a Signal Processing Group, Department of Medical Physics and Acoustics , University of Oldenburg , Oldenburg , Germany.|b Cluster of Excellence "Hearing4All" , Oldenburg , Germany.
authors.forename: Henning
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Schepker
authors.affiliation: b Cluster of Excellence "Hearing4All" , Oldenburg , Germany.|c Institute of Hearing Technology and Audiology , Jade University of Applied Sciences , Oldenburg , Germany , and.
authors.forename: Kristina
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Haeder
authors.affiliation: b Cluster of Excellence "Hearing4All" , Oldenburg , Germany.|d Project Group Hearing, Speech and Audio Technology , Fraunhofer Institute for Digital Media Technology IDMT , Oldenburg , Germany.
authors.forename: Jan
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Rennies
authors.affiliation: b Cluster of Excellence "Hearing4All" , Oldenburg , Germany.|c Institute of Hearing Technology and Audiology , Jade University of Applied Sciences , Oldenburg , Germany , and.
authors.forename: Inga
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Holube
mesh_terms: D000161:Acoustic Stimulation / Q000379:methods*; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D001309:Auditory Threshold; D005260:Female; D006319:Hearing Loss, Sensorineural / Q000523:psychology*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009622:Noise; D013065:Speech Intelligibility; D013067:Speech Perception
keywords: Listening effort; hearing-impaired; speech intelligibility; speech transmission index