title: Different kinds of persulfate activation with base for the oxidation and mechanism of BDE209 in a spiked soil system.
abstract: The feasibility of using base persulfate (PS) and coupled with other activation methods (heat, ultrasonic and Fe2+gluconate) was first explored for the removal of decabromodiphenyl ether (BDE209) in a soil system, and various factors were also investigated. The results showed that the removal of BDE209 followed a pseudo-first-order model. Interestingly, the rate constant (k1) indicated a good power exponential relationship with initial PS (k1=0.018×[PS]00.437, R2=0.983, [PS]0=0.02-0.5M) or BDE209 (k1=0.029×e-0.038×[BDE209]0, R2=0.999, [BDE209]0=10-50mgkg-1) concentration, respectively. Additionally, k1well fitted the Arrhenius equation at the temperature range of 25 to 55°C, and the calculated activation energy (Ea) approximately was 41.2kJmol-1. The removal efficiency could be enhanced in the presence of ultrasound due to increasing the amount of BDE209 molecules desorbed from soil and organic matters. Finally, nine intermediate products were identified during the heat and base co-activated PS oxidation process, and the possible reaction pathways were further proposed.
authors.affiliation: State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Environmental Risk Assessment and Control on Chemical Process, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China; School of Resource and Environmental Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China.
authors.forename: Hongjiang
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Peng
authors.affiliation: State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Environmental Risk Assessment and Control on Chemical Process, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China; School of Resource and Environmental Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China.
authors.forename: Liya
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Xu
authors.affiliation: State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Environmental Risk Assessment and Control on Chemical Process, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China; School of Resource and Environmental Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China. Electronic address: wzhang@ecust.edu.cn.
authors.forename: Wei
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Environmental Risk Assessment and Control on Chemical Process, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China; School of Resource and Environmental Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China.
authors.forename: Fuwen
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.affiliation: State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Environmental Risk Assessment and Control on Chemical Process, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China; School of Resource and Environmental Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China.
authors.forename: Xin
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Lu
authors.affiliation: State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Environmental Risk Assessment and Control on Chemical Process, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China; School of Resource and Environmental Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China.
authors.forename: Wei
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Lu
authors.affiliation: State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Environmental Risk Assessment and Control on Chemical Process, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China; School of Resource and Environmental Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China.
authors.forename: Muhammad
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Danish
authors.affiliation: State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Environmental Risk Assessment and Control on Chemical Process, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China; School of Resource and Environmental Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China.
authors.forename: Kuangfei
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Lin
keywords: BDE209; Degradation performance; Free radical; Persulfate; Rate constant