title: A multiresidue approach for the simultaneous quantification of antibiotics in macroalgae by ultra-high performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry.
abstract: Together with fish, algae reared in aquaculture systems have gained importance in the last years, for many purposes. Besides their use as biofilters of effluents, macroalgae's rich nutritional profiles have increased their inclusion in human diets but also in animal feeds as sources of fatty acids, especially important for the fish industry. Nonetheless, algae are continuously exposed to environmental contaminants including antibiotics and possess the ability for bioaccumulation of such compounds. Therefore, the present paper describes the development and validation of an ultra-high performance liquid chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC-MS/MS) method for the simultaneous quantification of antibiotics in the green macroalgae Ulva lactuca. This multi-residue method enables the determination of 38 compounds distributed between seven classes and was fully validated according to EU Decision 2002/657/EC.
authors.affiliation: CFE-Centre for Functional Ecology, Department of Life Sciences, University of Coimbra, Calçada Martim de Freitas, 3000-456 Coimbra, Portugal; CNC-Centre for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, Health Sciences Campus, Pharmacy Faculty, University of Coimbra, Azinhaga de Santa Comba, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal. Electronic address: saraleston@ci.uc.pt.
authors.forename: Sara
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Leston
authors.affiliation: CNC-Centre for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, Health Sciences Campus, Pharmacy Faculty, University of Coimbra, Azinhaga de Santa Comba, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal; INIAV, Laboratório Nacional de Investigação Veterinária, Estrada de Benfica, 701, 1549-011 Lisboa, Portugal.
authors.forename: Andreia
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Freitas
authors.affiliation: CFE-Centre for Functional Ecology, Department of Life Sciences, University of Coimbra, Calçada Martim de Freitas, 3000-456 Coimbra, Portugal; CNC-Centre for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, Health Sciences Campus, Pharmacy Faculty, University of Coimbra, Azinhaga de Santa Comba, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal.
authors.forename: João
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Rosa
authors.affiliation: INIAV, Laboratório Nacional de Investigação Veterinária, Estrada de Benfica, 701, 1549-011 Lisboa, Portugal.
authors.forename: Jorge
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Barbosa
authors.affiliation: MARE-Marine and Environmental Sciences Centre, IPL, Escola Superior de Turismo e Tecnologia do Mar, 2520-641 Peniche, Portugal.
authors.forename: Marco F L
authors.initials: MFL
authors.lastname: Lemos
authors.affiliation: CFE-Centre for Functional Ecology, Department of Life Sciences, University of Coimbra, Calçada Martim de Freitas, 3000-456 Coimbra, Portugal.
authors.forename: Miguel Ângelo
authors.initials: MÂ
authors.lastname: Pardal
authors.affiliation: CNC-Centre for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, Health Sciences Campus, Pharmacy Faculty, University of Coimbra, Azinhaga de Santa Comba, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal.
authors.forename: Fernando
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Ramos
mesh_terms: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents / Q000032:analysis*; D002851:Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid / Q000379:methods*; D004350:Drug Residues / Q000032:analysis*; D057230:Limit of Detection; D012015:Reference Standards; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D012624:Seaweed / Q000737:chemistry*; D053719:Tandem Mass Spectrometry / Q000379:methods*; D044445:Ulva / Q000737:chemistry
chemical_list: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents
keywords: Antibiotics; Aquaculture; Macroalgae; Quantification; UHPLC-MS/MS