title: Assessing the land resource-food price nexus of the Sustainable Development Goals.
abstract: The 17 Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) call for a comprehensive new approach to development rooted in planetary boundaries, equity, and inclusivity. The wide scope of the SDGs will necessitate unprecedented integration of siloed policy portfolios to work at international, regional, and national levels toward multiple goals and mitigate the conflicts that arise from competing resource demands. In this analysis, we adopt a comprehensive modeling approach to understand how coherent policy combinations can manage trade-offs among environmental conservation initiatives and food prices. Our scenario results indicate that SDG strategies constructed around Sustainable Consumption and Production policies can minimize problem-shifting, which has long placed global development and conservation agendas at odds. We conclude that Sustainable Consumption and Production policies (goal 12) are most effective at minimizing trade-offs and argue for their centrality to the formulation of coherent SDG strategies. We also find that alternative socioeconomic futures-mainly, population and economic growth pathways-generate smaller impacts on the eventual achievement of land resource-related SDGs than do resource-use and management policies. We expect that this and future systems analyses will allow policy-makers to negotiate trade-offs and exploit synergies as they assemble sustainable development strategies equal in scope to the ambition of the SDGs.
authors.affiliation: International Institute for Applied Systems Analysis, Ecosystem Services and Management Program, Schlossplatz 1, A-2361, Laxenburg, Austria.
authors.forename: Michael
authors.identifier: 0000-0001-6981-2769
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Obersteiner
authors.affiliation: International Institute for Applied Systems Analysis, Ecosystem Services and Management Program, Schlossplatz 1, A-2361, Laxenburg, Austria.
authors.forename: Brian
authors.identifier: 0000-0003-1689-2309
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Walsh
authors.affiliation: International Institute for Applied Systems Analysis, Ecosystem Services and Management Program, Schlossplatz 1, A-2361, Laxenburg, Austria.
authors.forename: Stefan
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Frank
authors.affiliation: International Institute for Applied Systems Analysis, Ecosystem Services and Management Program, Schlossplatz 1, A-2361, Laxenburg, Austria.
authors.forename: Petr
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Havlík
authors.affiliation: International Institute for Applied Systems Analysis, Ecosystem Services and Management Program, Schlossplatz 1, A-2361, Laxenburg, Austria.
authors.forename: Matthew
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Cantele
authors.affiliation: International Institute for Applied Systems Analysis, Ecosystem Services and Management Program, Schlossplatz 1, A-2361, Laxenburg, Austria.; School of Environmental Science and Engineering, South University of Science and Technology of China, Shenzhen 518055, China.
authors.forename: Junguo
authors.identifier: 0000-0002-5745-6311
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.affiliation: International Institute for Applied Systems Analysis, Ecosystem Services and Management Program, Schlossplatz 1, A-2361, Laxenburg, Austria.
authors.forename: Amanda
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Palazzo
authors.affiliation: Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia.
authors.forename: Mario
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Herrero
authors.affiliation: International Resource Panel of the United Nations Environmental Program, 15 rue de Milan, 75441 Paris Cedex 09, France.; Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.
authors.forename: Yonglong
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Lu
authors.affiliation: International Institute for Applied Systems Analysis, Ecosystem Services and Management Program, Schlossplatz 1, A-2361, Laxenburg, Austria.
authors.forename: Aline
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Mosnier
authors.affiliation: International Institute for Applied Systems Analysis, Ecosystem Services and Management Program, Schlossplatz 1, A-2361, Laxenburg, Austria.
authors.forename: Hugo
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Valin
authors.affiliation: International Institute for Applied Systems Analysis, Ecosystem Services and Management Program, Schlossplatz 1, A-2361, Laxenburg, Austria.
authors.forename: Keywan
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Riahi
authors.affiliation: International Institute for Applied Systems Analysis, Ecosystem Services and Management Program, Schlossplatz 1, A-2361, Laxenburg, Austria.
authors.forename: Florian
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Kraxner
authors.affiliation: International Institute for Applied Systems Analysis, Ecosystem Services and Management Program, Schlossplatz 1, A-2361, Laxenburg, Austria.
authors.forename: Steffen
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Fritz
authors.affiliation: PBL Netherlands Environmental Assessment Agency, Oranjebuitensingel 6, 2511 VE The Hague, Netherlands.; Copernicus Institute for Sustainable Development, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands.
authors.forename: Detlef
authors.identifier: 0000-0003-0398-2831
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: van Vuuren
mesh_terms: D000383:Agriculture / Q000191:economics*; D003132:Commerce / Q000191:economics*; D003247:Conservation of Natural Resources / Q000191:economics; D057217:Economic Development; D005502:Food / Q000191:economics*; D006801:Humans; D011640:Public Policy / Q000191:economics; D012959:Socioeconomic Factors
keywords: GLOBIOM; Sustainable development; food security; integrated assessment modeling; planetary boundaries; resource management; sustainable development goals