title: Nonylphenol biodegradation characterizations and bacterial composition analysis of an effective consortium NP-M2.
abstract: Nonylphenol (NP), ubiquitously detected as the degradation product of nonionic surfactants nonylphenol polyethoxylates, has been reported as an endocrine disrupter. However, most pure microorganisms can degrade only limited species of NP with low degradation efficiencies. To establish a microbial consortium that can effectively degrade different forms of NP, in this study, we isolated a facultative microbial consortium NP-M2 and characterized the biodegradation of NP by it. NP-M2 could degrade 75.61% and 89.75% of 1000 mg/L NP within 48 h and 8 days, respectively; an efficiency higher than that of any other consortium or pure microorganism reported so far. The addition of yeast extract promoted the biodegradation more significantly than that of glucose. Moreover, surface-active compounds secreted into the extracellular environment were hypothesized to promote high-efficiency metabolism of NP. The detoxification of NP by this consortium was determined. The degradation pathway was hypothesized to be initiated by oxidization of the benzene ring, followed by step-wise side-chain biodegradation. The bacterial composition of NP-M2 was determined using 16S rDNA library, and the consortium was found to mainly comprise members of the Sphingomonas, Pseudomonas, Alicycliphilus, and Acidovorax genera, with the former two accounting for 86.86% of the consortium. The high degradation efficiency of NP-M2 indicated that it could be a promising candidate for NP bioremediation in situ.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Microbiology, College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, PR China.
authors.forename: Naling
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Bai
authors.affiliation: Institute of Microbiology, College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, PR China.
authors.forename: Rexiding
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Abuduaini
authors.affiliation: Institute of Microbiology, College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, PR China.
authors.forename: Sheng
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: Institute of Microbiology, College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, PR China.
authors.forename: Meinan
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: Institute of Genetics, College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, PR China.
authors.forename: Xufen
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Zhu
authors.affiliation: Institute of Microbiology, College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, PR China. Electronic address: yhzhao225@zju.edu.cn.
authors.forename: Yuhua
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Zhao
mesh_terms: D001673:Biodegradation, Environmental / Q000187:drug effects; D042621:Comamonadaceae / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D005947:Glucose / Q000494:pharmacology; D059013:Microbial Consortia / Q000235:genetics; D010636:Phenols / Q000378:metabolism*; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000494:pharmacology; D011549:Pseudomonas / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D020578:Sphingomonas / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D015003:Yeasts / Q000737:chemistry
chemical_list: D010636:Phenols; D010936:Plant Extracts; C025256:nonylphenol; D005947:Glucose
keywords: Bacterial composition; Biotoxicity assay; Co-substrates; Metabolism pathway; Nonylphenol biodegradation; Surface-active compound