title: Evaluation of robotic-assisted platysmaplasty procedures in a cadaveric model using the da Vinci Surgical System.
abstract: We are evaluating the technical feasibility of robotic-assisted laparoscopic vertical-intermediate platysmaplasty in conjunction with an open rhytidectomy. In a cadaveric study, the da Vinci Surgical System was used to access certain angles in the lower neck that are difficult for traditional short incision, short flap procedures. Ergonomics, approach, and technical challenges were noted. To date, there are no published reports of robotic-assisted neck lifts, motivating us to assess its potential in this field of plastic surgery. Standard open technique short flap rhytidectomies with concurrent experimental robotic-assisted platysmaplasties (neck lifts) were performed on six cadavers with the da Vinci Si Surgical System(®) (Intuitive Surgical, Sunnyvale, CA, USA). The surgical procedures were performed on a diverse cadaver population from June 2011 to January 2012. The procedures included (1) submental incision and laser-assisted liposuction, (2) open rhytidectomy, and (3) robotic-assisted platysmaplasty using knot-free sutures. A variety of sutures and fat extraction techniques, coupled with 0° and 30° three-dimensional endoscopes, were utilized to optimize visualization of the platysma. An unaltered da Vinci Si Surgical System with currently available instruments was easily adaptable to neck lift surgery. Mid-neck platysma exposure was excellent, tissue handling was delicate and precise, and suturing was easily performed. Robotic-assisted surgery has the potential to improve outcomes in neck lifts by offering the ability to manipulate instruments with increased freedom of movement, scaled motion, tremor reduction, and stereoscopic three-dimensional visualization in the deep neck. Future clinical studies on live human patients can better assess subject and surgeon benefits arising from the use of the da Vinci system for neck lifts.
  Evidence obtained from multiple time series with or without the intervention, such as case studies. Dramatic results in uncontrolled trials might also be regarded as this type of evidence.
authors.affiliation: Lifestyle Lift Innovation Center, Luminary for Cynosure and Lutronic, 2440 Louisiana Blvd NE Suite 550, Albuquerque, NM, 87110, USA. ftaghizadeh@lifestylelift.com.
authors.forename: Farhan
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Taghizadeh
authors.affiliation: Medical Research, Intuitive Surgical Inc., Sunnyvale, CA, USA.
authors.forename: Carol
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Reiley
authors.affiliation: Medical Research, Intuitive Surgical Inc., Sunnyvale, CA, USA.
authors.forename: Catherine
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Mohr
authors.affiliation: Aesthetic and Plastic Surgery Institute, University of California, Irvine, CA, USA.
authors.forename: Malcolm
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Paul
keywords: Facelift; Laser lipolysis; Plastysmaplasty; Quill®; Robotic; SmartLipo® Barbed Suture