title: Pilosebaceous targeting by isotretenoin-loaded invasomal gel for the treatment of eosinophilic pustular folliculitis: optimization, efficacy and cellular analysis.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Eosinophilic pustular folliculitis is a secondary symptom associated with HIV infection appears as levels of CD4 lymphocyte cells and T4 lymphocyte cell. Isotretinoin, an analog of vitamin A (retinoid) alters the DNA transcription mechanism and interferes in the process of DNA formation. It also inhibits the eosinophilic chemotactic factors present in sebaceous lipids and in the stratum corneum of patients suffering from this ailment.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  The present research was aimed to formulate isotretenoin-loaded invasomal gel to deliver and target the drug to pilosebaceous follicular unit.
  
  
  METHODS
  Nine invasomal formulations (F1-F9) were prepared applying 32factorial designs and characterized.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Formulation F9 was selected as optimized formulation due to optimum results and highest %CDP of 85.94 ± 1.86% in 8 h. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) suggested uniformity in vesicles shape and size in F9 and developed as invasomal gel (IG).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Clinical phase-I, phase-II, and phase-III studies will be required before using on human patients.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM) validates that IG successfully reaches the pilosebaceous follicular unit and further studied on cell line (SZ-95) exhibited IC50 of ≤8 (25 μM of isotretenoin). Cell cycle analysis confirmed IG arrested the cell growth up to 82% with insignificant difference to pure isotretenion.
authors.affiliation: a Department of Pharmaceutics , Rajiv Academy for Pharmacy , Mathura , India.
authors.forename: Mohit
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Dwivedi
authors.affiliation: b Department of Pharmaceutics , Sri Sai College of Pharmacy , Pathankot , Punjab , India.
authors.forename: Vijay
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Sharma
authors.affiliation: c Department of Pharmaceutics , Pharmacy College Saifai, UPRIMS & R , Saifai, Etawah , Uttar Pradesh , India.
authors.forename: Kamla
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Pathak
mesh_terms: D018791:CD4 Lymphocyte Count / Q000379:methods*; D002453:Cell Cycle / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology*; D004802:Eosinophilia / Q000178:diet therapy* / Q000473:pathology; D005499:Folliculitis / Q000178:diet therapy* / Q000473:pathology; D015658:HIV Infections / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000473:pathology*; D006801:Humans; D015474:Isotretinoin / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D018613:Microscopy, Confocal / Q000379:methods*; D012872:Skin Diseases, Vesiculobullous / Q000178:diet therapy / Q000209:etiology / Q000473:pathology / Q000503:physiopathology*
chemical_list: D015474:Isotretinoin
keywords: Eosinophilic pustular folliculitis; follicular delivery; invasomes; isotretenoin; pilosebaceous targeting