title: Surgical immune interventions for solid malignancies.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The purpose of this study was to systematically review clinically translatable immunotherapeutic agents that are delivered regionally for solid malignancies.
  
  
  METHODS
  PubMed and ClinicalTrials.gov were searched for published and registered clinical trials, respectively. The search yielded 334 relevant publications, of which 116 articles were included for review after exclusion criteria were applied.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  There has been an increase in the regional administration of cell-based and viral vector-based clinical trials over the last 5 years. Surgical interventions have been developed for intrapleural, intracranial, intraperitoneal, and intratumoral routes of access to enhance the local delivery of these therapies. Multimodality therapies that combine regional immunotherapy with other local and systemic therapies are demonstrating continued growth as the field of immunotherapy continues to expand.
authors.affiliation: Thoracic Service, Department of Surgery, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, 1275 York Ave, New York, NY, USA.
authors.forename: Masha
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Zeltsman
authors.affiliation: Thoracic Service, Department of Surgery, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, 1275 York Ave, New York, NY, USA.
authors.forename: Marissa
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Mayor
authors.affiliation: Thoracic Service, Department of Surgery, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, 1275 York Ave, New York, NY, USA.
authors.forename: David R
authors.initials: DR
authors.lastname: Jones
authors.affiliation: Thoracic Service, Department of Surgery, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, 1275 York Ave, New York, NY, USA; Center for Cell Engineering, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, 1275 York Ave, New York, NY, USA. Electronic address: adusumip@mskcc.org.
authors.forename: Prasad S
authors.initials: PS
authors.lastname: Adusumilli
mesh_terms: D000911:Antibodies, Monoclonal / Q000627:therapeutic use; D001500:BCG Vaccine; D002404:Catheterization; D002986:Clinical Trials as Topic; D003131:Combined Modality Therapy; D006801:Humans; D007167:Immunotherapy / Q000379:methods*; D015552:Injections, Intralesional; D010535:Laparoscopy; D009369:Neoplasms / Q000473:pathology / Q000628:therapy*; D059016:Tumor Microenvironment; D062666:Vascular Access Devices
chemical_list: D000911:Antibodies, Monoclonal; D001500:BCG Vaccine
keywords: Adoptive cell therapy; Regional immunotherapy; Surgical immunotherapy