title: Glucocorticoid resistance in chronic diseases.
abstract: Glucocorticoids are involved in several responses triggered by a variety of environmental and physiological stimuli. These hormones have a wide-range of regulatory effects in organisms. Synthetic glucocorticoids are extensively used to suppress allergic, inflammatory, and immune disorders. Although glucocorticoids are highly effective for therapeutic purposes, some patients chronically treated with glucocorticoids can develop reduced glucocorticoid sensitivity or even resistance, increasing patient vulnerability to exaggerated inflammatory responses. Glucocorticoid resistance can occur in several chronic diseases, including asthma, major depression, and cardiovascular conditions. In this review, we discuss the complexity of the glucocorticoid receptor and the potential role of glucocorticoid resistance in the development of chronic diseases.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Nutrition and Food Technology, University of Chile, Santiago 7830490, Chile.
authors.forename: Juan M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Rodriguez
authors.affiliation: Institute of Nutrition and Food Technology, University of Chile, Santiago 7830490, Chile; Departamento de Ciencias Biologicas, Facultad de Ciencias Biologicas, Universidad Andres Bello, Santiago, Chile.
authors.forename: Matías
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Monsalves-Alvarez
authors.affiliation: Institute of Nutrition and Food Technology, University of Chile, Santiago 7830490, Chile.
authors.forename: Sandra
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Henriquez
authors.affiliation: Institute of Nutrition and Food Technology, University of Chile, Santiago 7830490, Chile.
authors.forename: Miguel N
authors.initials: MN
authors.lastname: Llanos
authors.affiliation: Institute of Nutrition and Food Technology, University of Chile, Santiago 7830490, Chile; Advanced Center for Chronic Disease, Faculty of Chemistry and Pharmacy, University of Chile, Santiago 8380492, Chile. Electronic address: rtroncoso@inta.uchile.cl.
authors.forename: Rodrigo
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Troncoso
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002908:Chronic Disease / Q000188:drug therapy*; D005938:Glucocorticoids / Q000737:chemistry / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D006801:Humans; D006854:Hydrocortisone / Q000378:metabolism; D007249:Inflammation / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000378:metabolism; D011965:Receptors, Glucocorticoid / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D005938:Glucocorticoids; D011965:Receptors, Glucocorticoid; D006854:Hydrocortisone
keywords: Corticosterone; Cortisol; Glucocorticoid receptor; Inflammation