title: An update on probiotics, prebiotics and symbiotics in clinical nutrition.
abstract: The concept of prebiotics, probiotics, and symbiotics and their use in different situations of daily clinical practice related to clinical nutrition is reviewed, as well as their role in the treatment/prevention of diarrhea (acute, induced by antibiotics, secondary to radiotherapy), inflammatory bowel disease (ulcerative colitis and pouchitis), in colonic health (constipation, irritable bowel), in liver disease (steatosis and minimum encephalopathy), and in intensive care, surgical, and liver transplantation. While their effectiveness for preventing antibiotic-induced diarrhea and pouchitis in ulcerative colitis appears to be shown, additional studies are needed to establish recommendations in most clinical settings. The risk of infection associated to use of probiotics is relatively low; however, there are selected groups of patients in whom they should be used with caution (as jejunum infusion).
authors.affiliation: UGC Endocrinología y Nutrición, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga, Hospital Regional Universitario de Málaga, Universidad de Málaga, Málaga, España; CIBERDEM, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas (CB07/08/0019), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, España. Electronic address: gabrielm.olveira.sspa@juntadeandalucia.es.
authors.forename: Gabriel
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Olveira
authors.affiliation: UGC Endocrinología y Nutrición, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga, Hospital Regional Universitario de Málaga, Universidad de Málaga, Málaga, España; CIBERDEM, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas (CB07/08/0019), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, España.
authors.forename: Inmaculada
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: González-Molero
mesh_terms: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents / Q000009:adverse effects; D003110:Colonic Neoplasms / Q000209:etiology / Q000517:prevention & control; D004040:Dietary Carbohydrates / Q000378:metabolism; D004043:Dietary Fiber / Q000627:therapeutic use; D004066:Digestive System Diseases / Q000382:microbiology / Q000628:therapy*; D005227:Fatty Acids / Q000378:metabolism; D005285:Fermentation; D000069196:Gastrointestinal Microbiome; D006801:Humans; D015201:Meta-Analysis as Topic; D008659:Metabolic Diseases / Q000382:microbiology / Q000628:therapy; D056692:Prebiotics; D019936:Probiotics; D016032:Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic
chemical_list: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents; D004040:Dietary Carbohydrates; D004043:Dietary Fiber; D005227:Fatty Acids; D056692:Prebiotics
keywords: Clinical nutrition; Nutrición clínica; Prebiotics; Prebióticos; Probiotics; Probióticos; Simbióticos; Symbiotics