title: Impact of acute and chronic inhalation exposure to CdO nanoparticles on mice.
abstract: Cadmium nanoparticles can represent a risk in both industrial and environmental settings, but there is little knowledge on the impacts of their inhalation, especially concerning longer-term exposures. In this study, mice were exposed to cadmium oxide (CdO) nanoparticles in whole body inhalation chambers for 4 to 72 h in acute and 1 to 13 weeks (24 h/day, 7 days/week) in chronic exposure to investigate the dynamics of nanoparticle uptake and effects. In the acute experiment, mice were exposed to 2.95 × 106particles/cm3(31.7 μg CdO/m3). The same concentration and a lower one (1.18 × 106particles/cm3, 12.7 μg CdO/m3) were used for the chronic exposure. Transmission electron microscopy documented distribution of nanoparticles into all studied organs. Major portion of nanoparticles was retained in the lung, but longer exposure led to a greater relative redistribution into secondary organs, namely the kidney, and also the liver and spleen. Accumulation of Cd in the lung and liver occurred already after 24 h and in the brain, kidney, and spleen after 72 h of exposure, and a further increase of Cd levels was observed throughout the chronic exposure. There were significant differences in both Cd accumulation and effects between the two exposure doses. Lung weight in the higher exposure group increased up to 2-fold compared to the control. Histological analyses showed dose-dependent alterations in lung and liver morphology and damage to their tissue. Modulation of oxidative stress parameters including glutathione levels and increased lipid peroxidation occurred mainly after the greater chronic exposure. The results emphasize risk of longer-term inhalation of cadmium nanoparticles, since adverse effects occurring after shorter exposures gradually progressed with a longer exposure duration.
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Science, RECETOX, Masaryk University, Kamenice 753/5, Building A29, CZ62500, Brno, Czech Republic.
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Lebedová
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Science, RECETOX, Masaryk University, Kamenice 753/5, Building A29, CZ62500, Brno, Czech Republic.
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Bláhová
authors.affiliation: Institute of Analytical Chemistry, v.v.i, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Veveří 97, CZ60200, Brno, Czech Republic.
authors.forename: Z
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Večeřa
authors.affiliation: Institute of Analytical Chemistry, v.v.i, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Veveří 97, CZ60200, Brno, Czech Republic.
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Mikuška
authors.affiliation: Institute of Analytical Chemistry, v.v.i, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Veveří 97, CZ60200, Brno, Czech Republic.
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Dočekal
authors.affiliation: Institute of Animal Physiology and Genetics, v.v.i, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Brno, Czech Republic.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Buchtová
authors.affiliation: Institute of Animal Physiology and Genetics, v.v.i, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Brno, Czech Republic.
authors.forename: I
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Míšek
authors.affiliation: Department of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic.
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Dumková
authors.affiliation: Department of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic.
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Hampl
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Science, RECETOX, Masaryk University, Kamenice 753/5, Building A29, CZ62500, Brno, Czech Republic. hilscherova@recetox.muni.cz.
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Hilscherová
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D019187:Cadmium Compounds / Q000633:toxicity*; D005260:Female; D005978:Glutathione / Q000378:metabolism; D019570:Inhalation Exposure / Q000009:adverse effects*; D007668:Kidney / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D015227:Lipid Peroxidation; D008099:Liver / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D008168:Lung / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D051379:Mice; D008813:Mice, Inbred ICR; D053758:Nanoparticles / Q000633:toxicity*; D018384:Oxidative Stress; D010087:Oxides / Q000633:toxicity*
chemical_list: D019187:Cadmium Compounds; D010087:Oxides; C029663:cadmium oxide; D005978:Glutathione
keywords: Accumulation; Cadmium; Glutathione; Lipid peroxidation; Nanoparticle; Oxidative stress; Tissue damage