title: Validity and Reliability of a Digital Inclinometer to Assess Knee Joint-Position Sense in a Closed Kinetic Chain.
abstract: Knee joint position sense (JPS) is a key parameter for optimum performance in many sports but is frequently negatively affected by injuries and/or fatigue during training sessions. Although evaluation of JPS may provide key information to reduce the risk of injury, it often requires expensive and/or complex tools that make monitoring proprioceptive deterioration difficult.
  
  
  
  To analyze the validity and reliability of a digital inclinometer to measure knee JPS in a closed kinetic chain (CKC).
  
  
  
  The validity and intertester and intratester reliability of a digital inclinometer for measuring knee JPS were assessed.
  
  
  
  Biomechanics laboratory.
  
  
  
  10 athletes (5 men and 5 women; 26.2 ± 1.3 y, 71.7 ± 12.4 kg; 1.75 ± 0.09 m; 23.5 ± 3.9 kg/m2).
  
  
  
  Knee JPS was measured in a CKC.
  
  
  
  Absolute angular error (AAE) of knee JPS in a CKC.
  
  
  
  Intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) and standard error of the mean (SEM) were calculated to determine the validity and reliability of the inclinometer. Data showed that the inclinometer had a high level of validity compared with an isokinetic dynamometer (ICC = 1.0, SEM = 1.39, p < 0.001), and there was very good intra- and inter-tester reliability for reading the inclinometer (ICC = 1.0, SEM = 0.85, p < 0.001). Compared with AutoCAD video analysis, inclinometer validity was very high (ICC = 0.980, SEM = 3.46, p < 0.001) for measuring AAE during knee JPS in a CKC. In addition, the intertester reliability of the inclinometer for obtaining AAE was very high (ICC = .994, SEM = 1.67, p < 0.001).
  
  
  
  The inclinometer provides a valid and reliable method for assessing knee JPS in a CKC. Health and sports professionals could take advantage of this tool to monitor proprioceptive deterioration in athletes.
authors.affiliation: 1 Nursery and Physiotherapy Dept, University of Balearic Islands, Palma, Spain.
authors.forename: Natalia
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Romero-Franco
authors.affiliation: 2 Physiotherapy Dept, Catholic University of San Antonio of Murcia, Guadalupe, Spain.
authors.forename: Juan Antonio
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Montaño-Munuera
authors.affiliation: 3 Sports Science Dept, Catholic University of San Antonio of Murcia, Guadalupe, Spain.
authors.forename: Pedro
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Jiménez-Reyes
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D053587:Arthrometry, Articular / Q000295:instrumentation*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007719:Knee Joint / Q000502:physiology*; D008297:Male; D011434:Proprioception; D016059:Range of Motion, Articular; D015203:Reproducibility of Results
keywords: CKC; athletes; proprioception