title: Arginine intake is associated with oxidative stress in a general population.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The aim of this study was to assess the association between protein and arginine from meat intake and oxidative stress in a general population.
  
  
  METHODS
  Data came from the Health Survey for Sao Paulo (ISA-Capital), a cross-sectional population-based study in Brazil (N = 549 adults). Food intake was estimated by a 24-h dietary recall. Oxidative stress was estimated by malondialdehyde (MDA) concentration in plasma. Analyses were performed using general linear regression models adjusted for some genetic, lifestyle, and biochemical confounders.
  
  
  RESULTS
  MDA levels were associated with meat intake (P for linear trend = 0.031), protein from meat (P for linear trend = 0.006), and arginine from meat (P for linear trend = 0.044) after adjustments for confounders: age, sex, body mass index, smoking, physical activity, intake of fruit and vegetables, energy and heterocyclic amines, C-reactive protein levels, and polymorphisms in GSTM1 (glutathione S-transferase Mu 1) and GSTT1 (glutathione S-transferase theta 1) genes. Results were not significant for total protein and protein from vegetable intake (P > 0.05).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  High protein and arginine from meat intake were associated with oxidative stress independently of genetic, lifestyle, and biochemical confounders in a population-based study. Our results suggested a novel link between high protein/arginine intake and oxidative stress, which is a major cause of age-related diseases.
authors.affiliation: Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil.
authors.forename: Aline Martins de
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Carvalho
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical and Toxicologic Analyses, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of São Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil.
authors.forename: Antonio Anax Falcão de
authors.initials: AA
authors.lastname: Oliveira
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical and Toxicologic Analyses, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of São Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil.
authors.forename: Ana Paula de Melo
authors.initials: AP
authors.lastname: Loureiro
authors.affiliation: Department of Legal Medicine, Bioethics and Occupational Health, Medical School, University of São Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil.
authors.forename: Gilka Jorge Figaro
authors.initials: GJ
authors.lastname: Gattás
authors.affiliation: Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil.
authors.forename: Regina Mara
authors.initials: RM
authors.lastname: Fisberg
authors.affiliation: Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil. Electronic address: marchioni@usp.br.
authors.forename: Dirce Maria
authors.initials: DM
authors.lastname: Marchioni
mesh_terms: D001120:Arginine / Q000378:metabolism / Q000506:poisoning*; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000097:blood; D001938:Brazil / Q000453:epidemiology; D002097:C-Reactive Protein / Q000032:analysis; D002908:Chronic Disease / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000208:ethnology; D015986:Confounding Factors, Epidemiologic; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D004032:Diet / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000208:ethnology; D004044:Dietary Proteins / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D008315:Malondialdehyde / Q000097:blood; D008460:Meat / Q000009:adverse effects*; D009749:Nutrition Surveys; D018384:Oxidative Stress; D014674:Plant Proteins, Dietary / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000378:metabolism; D014504:Urban Health / Q000208:ethnology
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; D004044:Dietary Proteins; D014674:Plant Proteins, Dietary; D008315:Malondialdehyde; D002097:C-Reactive Protein; D001120:Arginine
keywords: Arginine; Chronic disease; General population; Oxidative stress; Protein