title: Distance-Based and Low Energy Adaptive Clustering Protocol for Wireless Sensor Networks.
abstract: A wireless sensor network (WSN) comprises small sensor nodes with limited energy capabilities. The power constraints of WSNs necessitate efficient energy utilization to extend the overall network lifetime of these networks. We propose a distance-based and low-energy adaptive clustering (DISCPLN) protocol to streamline the green issue of efficient energy utilization in WSNs. We also enhance our proposed protocol into the multi-hop-DISCPLN protocol to increase the lifetime of the network in terms of high throughput with minimum delay time and packet loss. We also propose the mobile-DISCPLN protocol to maintain the stability of the network. The modelling and comparison of these protocols with their corresponding benchmarks exhibit promising results.
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Computer Science and Information Technology, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
authors.forename: Misbah
authors.identifier: http://orcid.org/0000-0003-1496-7178
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Liaqat
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Computer Science and Information Technology, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
authors.forename: Abdullah
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Gani
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Computer Science and Information Technology, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
authors.forename: Mohammad Hossein
authors.initials: MH
authors.lastname: Anisi
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Computer Science and Information Technology, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
authors.forename: Siti Hafizah
authors.initials: SH
authors.lastname: Ab Hamid
authors.affiliation: COMSATS Institute of Information Technology, Islamabad, Pakistan.
authors.forename: Adnan
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Akhunzada
authors.affiliation: Center of Excellence in Information Assurance (CoEIA), King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.
authors.forename: Muhammad Khurram
authors.initials: MK
authors.lastname: Khan
authors.affiliation: COMSATS Institute of Information Technology, Islamabad, Pakistan.
authors.forename: Rana Liaqat
authors.initials: RL
authors.lastname: Ali