title: The effects of childhood maltreatment on brain structure, function and connectivity.
abstract: Maltreatment-related childhood adversity is the leading preventable risk factor for mental illness and substance abuse. Although the association between maltreatment and psychopathology is compelling, there is a pressing need to understand how maltreatment increases the risk of psychiatric disorders. Emerging evidence suggests that maltreatment alters trajectories of brain development to affect sensory systems, network architecture and circuits involved in threat detection, emotional regulation and reward anticipation. This Review explores whether these alterations reflect toxic effects of early-life stress or potentially adaptive modifications, the relationship between psychopathology and brain changes, and the distinction between resilience, susceptibility and compensation.
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, 401 Park Drive, Boston, Massachusetts 02215, USA.|Developmental Biopsychiatry Research Program, McLean Hospital, 115 Mill Street, Belmont, Massachusetts 02478, USA.
authors.forename: Martin H
authors.initials: MH
authors.lastname: Teicher
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, 401 Park Drive, Boston, Massachusetts 02215, USA.|Developmental Biopsychiatry Research Program, McLean Hospital, 115 Mill Street, Belmont, Massachusetts 02478, USA.
authors.forename: Jacqueline A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Samson
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, 401 Park Drive, Boston, Massachusetts 02215, USA.|Developmental Biopsychiatry Research Program, McLean Hospital, 115 Mill Street, Belmont, Massachusetts 02478, USA.
authors.forename: Carl M
authors.initials: CM
authors.lastname: Anderson
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, 401 Park Drive, Boston, Massachusetts 02215, USA.|Developmental Biopsychiatry Research Program, McLean Hospital, 115 Mill Street, Belmont, Massachusetts 02478, USA.
authors.forename: Kyoko
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Ohashi
mesh_terms: D000222:Adaptation, Physiological; D000223:Adaptation, Psychological; D000818:Animals; D001921:Brain / Q000254:growth & development / Q000473:pathology* / Q000503:physiopathology*; D015984:Causality; D002648:Child; D002649:Child Abuse / Q000523:psychology*; D006801:Humans; D001523:Mental Disorders / Q000473:pathology* / Q000503:physiopathology* / Q000523:psychology; D008959:Models, Neurological; D055500:Resilience, Psychological