title: Gifts from orthodontists to general dentists.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To determine how often general dentists receive gifts from orthodontists, the value and number of the gifts they receive, and how they perceive the motivation behind the gift.
  
  
  METHODS
  This was a questionnaire-based study. A questionnaire was constructed and tested for validity and reliability. An electronic version of survey was sent via email to 1300 general dentists.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The validity and reliability of the survey was confirmed. Two hundred fifty-four valid responses were received (20%). Eighty-five percent of responding general practitioners reported that they received gifts from an orthodontist. Almost 100% reported that they referred patients to orthodontists. About one-third of the responding general practitioners reported that their office provided orthodontic care. There were statistically significant correlations between the number of annual patient referrals the general practitioners reported making and the number and value of the gifts they received from the orthodontists. Female general practitioners reported receiving a higher number of gifts of greater total value than male practitioners. General practitioners who reported providing orthodontic treatment did not differ from those who did not in the number of referrals they made annually and the number and value of the gifts they received. Quality of care was the most common reason general practitioners reported for their referral to an orthodontist. Forty-four percent of the responders reported that they received discounted orthodontic treatment.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  General practitioners refer patients to orthodontists and receive gifts from them. The number and value of the gifts reflects the number of referrals they make.
authors.forename: Ammar
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Al-Mahdi
authors.forename: Allen R
authors.initials: AR
authors.lastname: Firestone
authors.forename: Frank
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Beck
authors.forename: Henry
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Fischbach
mesh_terms: D003815:Dentists / Q000941:ethics*; D037921:Gift Giving; D006801:Humans; D009042:Motivation; D000066792:Orthodontists / Q000941:ethics*; D012017:Referral and Consultation / Q000941:ethics*; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires
keywords: Gifts; Orthodontic care; Referral