title: The angiotensin-I converting enzyme gene I/D variation contributes to end-stage renal disease risk in Chinese patients with type 2 diabetes receiving hemodialysis.
abstract: Whether the DD genotype of the angiotensin-I converting enzyme (ACE) I/D variation contributes to end-stage renal disease (ESRD) risk in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) remains controversial. Differences in study design, case and control definition, sample size and ethnicity may contribute to the discrepancies reported in association studies. We performed a case-control study to evaluate the association of the ACE I/D variation with ESRD risk in Chinese patients with T2DM receiving hemodialysis and analyzed the genotype-phenotype interaction. Unrelated Chinese patients (n = 432) were classified into the non-diabetic nephropathy (DN) control group (n = 222, duration of diabetes >10 years, no signs of renal involvement) and the DN-ESRD group (n = 210; ESRD due to T2DM, receiving hemodialysis). Polymerase chain reaction was used to genotype ACE I/D for all 432 subjects. The frequencies of the ID + DD genotypes were higher in the DN-ESRD group than non-DN control group (65.2 vs. 50.9 %; adjusted OR 1.98 (95 % CI, 1.31-3.00; P = 0.001). In the DN-ESRD group, the DD genotypic subgroup had significantly elevated HbA1c and diastolic blood pressure (DBP) compared to the II subgroup (both P < 0.05). The DD genotype of the ACE I/D variation may be associated with more elevated blood pressure and HbA1c, and therefore may predict the development, progression and severity of DN-ESRD in Chinese patients with T2DM undergoing hemodialysis.
authors.affiliation: Department of Endocrinology & Metabolism, Putuo Hospital Attached to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 164 Lanxi Road, Shanghai, 200000, China.
authors.forename: Ming
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Lu
authors.affiliation: Department of Endocrinology, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, 829 Xinmin Street, Changchun, China.
authors.forename: Jianzhong
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: Department of Endocrinology & Metabolism, Shanghai Diabetes Institute, Shanghai Jiaotong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, 600 Yishan Road, Shanghai, 200233, China.
authors.forename: Ming
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: Department of Endocrinology & Metabolism, Shanghai Diabetes Institute, Shanghai Jiaotong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, 600 Yishan Road, Shanghai, 200233, China.
authors.forename: Xiaoxu
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Ge
authors.affiliation: Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, 227 Chongqing South Road, Shanghai, 200025, China.
authors.forename: Xu
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Dai
authors.affiliation: Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, 227 Chongqing South Road, Shanghai, 200025, China.
authors.forename: Jiao
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Zhao
authors.affiliation: Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, 227 Chongqing South Road, Shanghai, 200025, China.
authors.forename: Mingzhou
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Fu
authors.affiliation: Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, 227 Chongqing South Road, Shanghai, 200025, China.
authors.forename: Tao
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, 227 Chongqing South Road, Shanghai, 200025, China.
authors.forename: Xiyao
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Fang
authors.affiliation: Department of Endocrinology & Metabolism, Shanghai Diabetes Institute, Shanghai Jiaotong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, 600 Yishan Road, Shanghai, 200233, China.
authors.forename: Can
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: Department of Endocrinology & Metabolism, Shanghai Diabetes Institute, Shanghai Jiaotong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, 600 Yishan Road, Shanghai, 200233, China.
authors.forename: Rong
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: Department of Endocrinology & Metabolism, Shanghai Diabetes Institute, Shanghai Jiaotong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, 600 Yishan Road, Shanghai, 200233, China.
authors.forename: Weijing
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Zhao
authors.affiliation: Department of Endocrinology & Metabolism, Shanghai Diabetes Institute, Shanghai Jiaotong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, 600 Yishan Road, Shanghai, 200233, China.
authors.forename: Taishan
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Zheng
authors.affiliation: Department of Nephrology, Shanghai Diabetes Institute, Shanghai Jiaotong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, 600 Yishan Road, Shanghai, 200233, China.
authors.forename: Feng
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: Department of Endocrinology & Metabolism, Putuo Hospital Attached to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 164 Lanxi Road, Shanghai, 200000, China.
authors.forename: Ming
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Yu
authors.affiliation: Department of Endocrinology & Metabolism, Putuo Hospital Attached to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 164 Lanxi Road, Shanghai, 200000, China.
authors.forename: Tao
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Lei
authors.affiliation: Department of Nephrology, Shanghai Diabetes Institute, Shanghai Jiaotong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, 600 Yishan Road, Shanghai, 200233, China.
authors.forename: Niansong
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: Department of Endocrinology & Metabolism, Shanghai Diabetes Institute, Shanghai Jiaotong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, 600 Yishan Road, Shanghai, 200233, China.
authors.forename: Yuqian
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Bao
authors.affiliation: Department of Endocrinology & Metabolism, Shanghai Diabetes Institute, Shanghai Jiaotong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, 600 Yishan Road, Shanghai, 200233, China. lmliu@sjtu.edu.cn.
authors.forename: Limei
authors.identifier: http://orcid.org/0000-0002-1570-4786
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.affiliation: Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism, and Molecular Medicine, Charles R. Drew University of Medicine and Sciences, University of California Los Angeles (UCLA) School of Medicine, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
authors.forename: Yanjun
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.affiliation: Department of Endocrinology & Metabolism, Shanghai Diabetes Institute, Shanghai Jiaotong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, 600 Yishan Road, Shanghai, 200233, China.
authors.forename: Weiping
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Jia
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D044466:Asian People; D002681:China; D048909:Diabetes Complications / Q000201:enzymology / Q000235:genetics / Q000628:therapy; D003924:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000235:genetics / Q000628:therapy; D005260:Female; D014644:Genetic Variation; D005838:Genotype; D006801:Humans; D007676:Kidney Failure, Chronic / Q000201:enzymology / Q000235:genetics / Q000628:therapy; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D007703:Peptidyl-Dipeptidase A / Q000235:genetics*; D006435:Renal Dialysis
chemical_list: C488034:ACE protein, human; D007703:Peptidyl-Dipeptidase A
keywords: Angiotensin-I converting enzyme (ACE); End-stage renal disease (ESRD); Hemodialysis; I/D variation; Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM)