title: Incidence and risk factors of axial symptoms after cervical disc arthroplasty: a minimum 5-year follow-up study.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The purpose of this study was to investigate whether uncovertebral joint ossification was a risk factor for axial symptoms (AS) after cervical disc arthroplasty (CDA).
  
  
  METHODS
  This retrospective study included 52 consecutive patients who underwent CDA for single-level cervical disc disease. To examine possible risk factors for AS after CDA, univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses were conducted to compare data from the patients with and without AS (the AS and no-AS groups, respectively).
  
  
  RESULTS
  Among the 52 patients examined, AS were observed in 24 patients (46.2 %), including a stiff neck (n = 11), neck pain and dullness (n = 10), and shoulder pain (n = 3). Uncovertebral joint ossification was detected in 22 (42.3 %) patients, including 17 patients in the AS group and 5 patients in the no-AS group. Clinical outcome improved during the follow-up period for the AS group. According to multivariate logistic regression analysis, uncovertebral joint ossification, cervical kyphosis, and range of motion (ROM) at the index level were identified as significant risk factors for AS after CDA.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Satisfactory clinical outcomes were observed following CDA for the treatment of single-level cervical disc disease in the present cohort. In addition, uncovertebral joint ossification, cervical kyphosis, and ROM at the index level were found to affect the incidence of AS after CDA.
authors.affiliation: Department of Spine Surgery, The Third Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, 050051, People's Republic of China.|The Key Laboratory of Orthopedic Biomechanics of Hebei Province, The Third Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, 050051, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Jing
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.affiliation: Department of Spine Surgery, The Third Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, 050051, People's Republic of China. ljlyqbwin2010@yeah.net.|The Key Laboratory of Orthopedic Biomechanics of Hebei Province, The Third Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, 050051, People's Republic of China. ljlyqbwin2010@yeah.net.
authors.forename: Jia
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Hebei General Hospital, 348 Heping Road, Shijiazhuang, 050000, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Gang
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Qiu
authors.affiliation: Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Hebei General Hospital, 348 Heping Road, Shijiazhuang, 050000, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Jingchao
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Wei
authors.affiliation: Department of Spine Surgery, The Third Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, 050051, People's Republic of China.|The Key Laboratory of Orthopedic Biomechanics of Hebei Province, The Third Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, 050051, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Yanfen
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Qiu
authors.affiliation: Department of Spine Surgery, The Third Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, 050051, People's Republic of China.|The Key Laboratory of Orthopedic Biomechanics of Hebei Province, The Third Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, 050051, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Yonghui
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: An
authors.affiliation: Department of Spine Surgery, The Third Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, 050051, People's Republic of China.|The Key Laboratory of Orthopedic Biomechanics of Hebei Province, The Third Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, 050051, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Yong
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Shen
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001178:Arthroplasty / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000639:trends; D002574:Cervical Vertebrae / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000601:surgery*; D015331:Cohort Studies; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D015994:Incidence; D055959:Intervertebral Disc Degeneration / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000601:surgery*; D007405:Intervertebral Disc Displacement / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000601:surgery*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011183:Postoperative Complications / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000453:epidemiology; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012307:Risk Factors; D013997:Time Factors; D016896:Treatment Outcome
keywords: Axial symptoms; Cervical disc arthroplasty; Cervical kyphosis; Clinical outcome; Range of motion; Uncovertebral joint ossification