title: Bone mineral density is increased after a 16-week resistance training intervention in elderly women with decreased muscle strength.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Non-pharmacological interventions are important in reducing risk for osteoporotic fractures. We investigated the effects of a 16-week individualized resistance training intervention on bone mineral density (BMD), bone turnover markers and 10-year relative risk (RR) for osteoporotic fracture.
  
  
  METHODS
  Interventional study with a follow-up.
  
  
  METHODS
  In total, 37 elderly women (mean age 71.9 ± 3.1 years) with decreased muscle strength participated in the resistance training intervention three times per week with 60 min per session for 16 weeks under the supervision of a licensed physiotherapist. Total hip BMD with quantitative CT, bone markers (sclerostin, osteocalcin, CTX, PINP, IGF-1, 25(OH)-D) and 10-year RR for osteoporotic fracture were measured at baseline, post-intervention and at 1-year follow-up after the end of the intervention. Eleven age- and sex-matched controls did not participate in the intervention but were studied at baseline and at 1-year follow-up.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Resistance training seemed to increase total hip BMD by 6% (P = 0.005). Sclerostin (P < 0.001) and total osteocalcin (P = 0.04) increased while other bone markers remained unchanged. A 10-year RR for major osteoporotic and hip fracture remained unchanged. At follow-up total hip BMD (P < 0.001) decreased back to the baseline level with a simultaneous decrease in serum sclerostin (P = 0.045), CTX (P < 0.001) and an increase in 25(OH)-D (P < 0.001), 10-year RR for major osteoporotic (P = 0.002) and hip fracture (P = 0.01).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our findings suggest an important role of continuous supervised resistance training for the prevention of osteoporotic fractures in elderly women with decreased muscle strength.
authors.affiliation: Turku PET CentreUniversity of Turku, Turku, Finland.|Department of RadiologyUniversity of Turku and Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland.
authors.forename: Ville
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Huovinen
authors.affiliation: Department of Cell Biology and AnatomyInstitute of Biomedicine, University of Turku, Turku, Finland.
authors.forename: Kaisa K
authors.initials: KK
authors.lastname: Ivaska
authors.affiliation: Department of EndocrinologyTurku University Hospital, Turku, Finland.|Departments of Medicine and Medical Biochemistry and GeneticsUniversity of Turku, Turku, Finland.
authors.forename: Riku
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Kiviranta
authors.affiliation: Turku PET CentreUniversity of Turku, Turku, Finland.
authors.forename: Marco
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Bucci
authors.affiliation: Turku PET CentreUniversity of Turku, Turku, Finland.
authors.forename: Heta
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Lipponen
authors.affiliation: Folkhälsan Research CentreHelsinki, Finland.|Department of Chronic Disease PreventionNational Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland.
authors.forename: Samuel
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Sandboge
authors.affiliation: Turku PET CentreUniversity of Turku, Turku, Finland.
authors.forename: Juho
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Raiko
authors.affiliation: Folkhälsan Research CentreHelsinki, Finland.|Department of Chronic Disease PreventionNational Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland.|Department of General Practice and Primary Health CareUniversity of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland.
authors.forename: Johan G
authors.initials: JG
authors.lastname: Eriksson
authors.affiliation: Turku PET CentreUniversity of Turku, Turku, Finland.|Department of RadiologyUniversity of Turku and Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland.
authors.forename: Riitta
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Parkkola
authors.affiliation: Turku PET CentreUniversity of Turku, Turku, Finland.|Institute of Clinical PhysiologyNational Research Council (CNR), Pisa, Italy.
authors.forename: Patricia
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Iozzo
authors.affiliation: Turku PET CentreUniversity of Turku, Turku, Finland pirnuu@utu.fi.|Department of EndocrinologyTurku University Hospital, Turku, Finland.
authors.forename: Pirjo
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Nuutila
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D015519:Bone Density / Q000502:physiology*; D061345:Early Medical Intervention / Q000379:methods*; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D053580:Muscle Strength / Q000502:physiology*; D058866:Osteoporotic Fractures / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000378:metabolism / Q000517:prevention & control*; D055070:Resistance Training / Q000379:methods*; D013997:Time Factors