title: Hops (Humulus lupulus) Content in Beer Modulates Effects of Beer on the Liver After Acute Ingestion in Female Mice.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Using a binge-drinking mouse model, we aimed to determine whether hops (Humulus lupulus) in beer is involved in the less damaging effects of acute beer consumption on the liver in comparison with ethanol.
  
  
  METHODS
  Female C57BL/6 J mice were either fed one iso-alcoholic and iso-caloric bolus dose of ethanol, beer, beer without hops (6 g ethanol/kg body weight) or an iso-caloric bolus of maltodextrin control solution. Markers of steatosis, intestinal barrier function, activation of toll-like receptor 4 signaling cascades, lipid peroxidation and lipogenesis were determined in liver, small intestine and plasma 2 h and 12 h after acute alcohol ingestion.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Alcohol-induced hepatic fat accumulation was significantly attenuated in mice fed beer whereas in those fed beer without hops, hepatic fat accumulation was similar to that found in ethanol-fed mice. While markers of intestinal barrier function e.g. portal endotoxin levels and lipogenesis only differed slightly between groups, hepatic concentrations of myeloid differentiation primary response gene 88, inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) and plasminogen-activator inhibitor 1 protein as well as of 4-hydroxynonenal and 3-nitrotyrosine protein adducts were similarly elevated in livers of mice fed ethanol or beer without hops when compared with controls. Induction of these markers was markedly attenuated in mice fed hops-containing beer.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Taken together, our data suggest that hops in beer markedly attenuated acute alcohol-induced liver steatosis in female mice through mechanisms involving a suppression of iNOS induction in the liver.
authors.affiliation: Department of Nutritional Sciences, S.D. Model Systems of Molecular Nutrition, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Dornburger Strasse 29, 07743 Jena, Germany.|Department of Nutritional Sciences, S.D. Applied Nutrition, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Dornburger Strasse 29, 07743 Jena, Germany.
authors.forename: Marianne
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Landmann
authors.affiliation: Department of Nutritional Sciences, S.D. Model Systems of Molecular Nutrition, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Dornburger Strasse 29, 07743 Jena, Germany.
authors.forename: Cathrin
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Sellmann
authors.affiliation: Department of Nutritional Sciences, S.D. Model Systems of Molecular Nutrition, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Dornburger Strasse 29, 07743 Jena, Germany.
authors.forename: Anna Janina
authors.initials: AJ
authors.lastname: Engstler
authors.affiliation: Department of Nutritional Sciences, S.D. Model Systems of Molecular Nutrition, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Dornburger Strasse 29, 07743 Jena, Germany.
authors.forename: Doreen
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Ziegenhardt
authors.affiliation: Department of Nutritional Sciences, S.D. Model Systems of Molecular Nutrition, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Dornburger Strasse 29, 07743 Jena, Germany.
authors.forename: Finn
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Jung
authors.affiliation: Department of Nutritional Sciences, S.D. Applied Nutrition, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Dornburger Strasse 29, 07743 Jena, Germany.
authors.forename: Christine
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Brombach
authors.affiliation: Department of Nutritional Sciences, S.D. Model Systems of Molecular Nutrition, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Dornburger Strasse 29, 07743 Jena, Germany ina.bergheim@uni-jena.de.
authors.forename: Ina
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Bergheim
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001515:Beer / Q000009:adverse effects; D005234:Fatty Liver / Q000139:chemically induced* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000517:prevention & control*; D005260:Female; D027582:Humulus / Q000378:metabolism; D008099:Liver / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism; D051379:Mice; D008810:Mice, Inbred C57BL