title: The quality of life of HIV-infected South African university students: Experiences with the WHOQOL-HIV-Bref.
abstract: HIV and AIDS has serious repercussions on psychological, social and physical well-being, and the assessment of Quality of Life (QoL) of people living with HIV and AIDS is essential to gauge how these challenges are met. The WHOQoL-HIV Bref forms part of a suite of instruments developed by the World Health Organisation. The purpose of this paper is to describe the quality of life of a sample of HIV-infected students at a South African university, as well as explain the internal consistency between questions within each of the QoL domains. A descriptive, cross-sectional study design using a quantitative approach was applied. A non-probability, purposive sampling approach was utilized and students enrolled in the antiretroviral therapy or wellness programme were invited to voluntarily participate in this study. The WHOQOL-HIV Bref was self-administered after explanation of the questions by a registered, trained health care professional. A total of 63 students returned completed questionnaires that were included in the analysis. Acceptable to good reliability scores were established for the following domains: Level of Independence; Social Relations; Environment and Spiritual or Personal Beliefs. Assessing QoL in the sample, the lowest score was for "Spirituality" and the highest "Social Relations". The "Physical" and "Psychological" domain scores for females were significantly lower than the score for males. There was no significant difference between any of the domain scores among participants with CD4 cell counts above or below 350 cells/mm3. In general the performance of this sample is encouraging and it is recommended that the measure be utilized for QoL screening, and further research. The WHOQOL-HIV Bref for students does not contain an academic wellness component which should be added considering the significant effects of HIV on neuropsychological functioning. Also further investigation into the reasons for poor scores obtained in physical and psychological well-being in females should be encouraged.
authors.affiliation: a Department of Psychology , Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University , Port Elizabeth , South Africa.
authors.forename: Johan Herman
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Cronje
authors.affiliation: b Department of Nursing , Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University , Port Elizabeth , South Africa.
authors.forename: Margaret
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Williams
authors.affiliation: c HIV/AIDS Research Unit , Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University , Port Elizabeth , South Africa.
authors.forename: Liana
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Steenkamp
authors.affiliation: d Department of Statistics , Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University , Port Elizabeth , South Africa.
authors.forename: Danie
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Venter
authors.affiliation: a Department of Psychology , Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University , Port Elizabeth , South Africa.
authors.forename: Diane
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Elkonin
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D018791:CD4 Lymphocyte Count; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D005260:Female; D015658:HIV Infections / Q000097:blood / Q000523:psychology*; D007722:Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice; D006801:Humans; D007398:Interpersonal Relations; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011788:Quality of Life; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D012737:Sex Factors; D058992:Social Participation; D013019:South Africa; D029181:Spirituality; D013334:Students / Q000523:psychology*; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D014495:Universities; D055815:Young Adult
keywords: HIV and AIDS; academic wellness; quality of life; university students