title: A CHASE3/GAF sensor hybrid histidine kinase BmsA modulates biofilm formation and motility in Pseudomonas alkylphenolica.
abstract: Pseudomonas alkylphenolica is an important strain in the biodegradation of toxic alkylphenols and mass production of bioactive polymannuronate polymers. This strain forms a diverse, 3D biofilm architecture, including mushroom-like aerial structures, circular pellicles and surface spreading, depending on culture conditions. A mutagenesis and complementation study showed that a predicted transmembrane kinase, PSAKL28_21690 (1164 aa), harbouring a periplasmic CHASE3 domain flanked by two transmembrane helices in addition to its cytoplasmic GAF, histidine kinase and three CheY-like response regulator domains, plays a positive role in the formation of the special biofilm architecture and a negative role in swimming activity. In addition, the gene, named here as bmsA, is co-transcribed with three genes encoding proteins with CheR (PSAKL28_21700) and CheB (PSAKL28_21710) domains and response regulator and histidine kinase domains (PSAKL28_21720). This gene cluster is thus named bmsABCD and is found widely distributed in pseudomonads and other bacteria. Deletion of the genes in the cluster, except forbmsA, did not result in changes in biofilm-related phenotypes. The RNA-seq analysis showed that the expression of genes coding for flagellar synthesis was increased when bmsA was mutated. In addition, the expression of rsmZ, which is one of final targets of the Gac regulon, was not significantly altered in the bmsA mutant, and overexpression of bmsA in the gacA mutant did not produce the WT phenotype. These results indicate that the sensory Bms regulon does not affect the upper cascade of the Gac signal transduction pathway for the biofilm-related phenotypes in P. alkylphenolica.
authors.affiliation: Department of Bio Health Science, Changwon National University, Changwon-si, Kyongnam 51140, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Kyoung
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.affiliation: Department of Bio Health Science, Changwon National University, Changwon-si, Kyongnam 51140, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Gwang Su
authors.initials: GS
authors.lastname: Ha
authors.affiliation: Department of Bio Health Science, Changwon National University, Changwon-si, Kyongnam 51140, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Yaligara
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Veeranagouda
authors.affiliation: Department of Microbiology, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Young-Su
authors.initials: YS
authors.lastname: Seo
authors.affiliation: Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Ingyu
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Hwang
mesh_terms: D001426:Bacterial Proteins / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D018441:Biofilms; D015964:Gene Expression Regulation, Bacterial; D000071677:Histidine Kinase / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D000072417:Protein Domains; D011549:Pseudomonas / Q000737:chemistry / Q000201:enzymology / Q000235:genetics / Q000502:physiology*
chemical_list: D001426:Bacterial Proteins; D000071677:Histidine Kinase