title: Prevalence of Chronic Kidney Disease in Turkish Adults With Obesity and Metabolic Syndrome: A Post Hoc Analysis from Chronic Renal Disease in Turkey Study.
abstract: Obesity confers an increased risk of chronic kidney disease (CKD), which is increased further by accompanying metabolic abnormalities.
  
  
  
  To investigate the relationship of the risk of CKD with obesity and metabolic syndrome (MS) in adults by means of post hoc analysis of data from the Chronic Renal Disease in Turkey (CREDIT) study.
  
  
  
  The anthropometric measurements of a total of 9,100 adult participants in the CREDIT study were included in the analyses. Subjects were classified according to the presence or absence of obesity (body mass index [BMI] > 30) and MS. Logistic regression analyses were used to estimate odds ratio for CKD. Effect modification analyses were also performed.
  
  
  
  The prevalence of obesity was 20.6% and that of MS was 31.3%. The prevalence of CKD was higher among obese subjects compared to those with a normal BMI (20.5% vs. 14%; P < .001). The odds ratio (OR) for CKD was 1.296 (95% confidence interval [CI], 1.121-1.498) for subjects who were overweight, 1.718 (95% CI, 1.444-2.044) for those with class I obesity, 1.983 (95% CI, 1.489-2.641) for those with class II obesity and 2.799 (95% CI, 1.719-4.557) for subjects with extreme obesity (P < .001 for each subgroup) compared to subjects with a normal BMI. CKD was significantly more prevalent in subjects with MS (21.9% vs. 12.3%, P < .001). The OR for CKD was higher in obese subjects with MS (adjusted OR, 1.321; 95% CI, 1.109-1.573; P = .002).
  
  
  
  The stratification of obese individuals based on their metabolic phenotype is important for prevention and treatment of CKD.
authors.affiliation: Department of Nephrology, Faculty of Medicine, Gazi University, Ankara, Turkey.
authors.forename: Turgay
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Arinsoy
authors.affiliation: Department of Nephrology, Faculty of Medicine, Gazi University, Ankara, Turkey. Electronic address: serpil.deger@vanderbilt.edu.
authors.forename: Serpil Muge
authors.initials: SM
authors.lastname: Deger
authors.affiliation: Department of Nephrology, Faculty of Medicine, Ankara University, Ankara, Turkey.
authors.forename: Kenan
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Ates
authors.affiliation: Department of Nephrology, Faculty of Medicine, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey.
authors.forename: Bulent
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Altun
authors.affiliation: Department of Nephrology, Istanbul School of Medicine, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey.
authors.forename: Tevfik
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Ecder
authors.affiliation: Department of Nephrology, Faculty of Medicine, Dokuz Eylul University, Izmir, Turkey.
authors.forename: Taner
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Camsari
authors.affiliation: Department of Nephrology, Cerrahpasa School of Medicine, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey.
authors.forename: Kamil
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Serdengecti
authors.affiliation: Department of Nephrology, Faculty of Medicine, Akdeniz University, Antalya, Turkey.
authors.forename: Gultekin
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Suleymanlar
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D005919:Glomerular Filtration Rate; D006801:Humans; D024821:Metabolic Syndrome / Q000150:complications*; D009765:Obesity / Q000150:complications*; D015995:Prevalence; D051436:Renal Insufficiency, Chronic / Q000453:epidemiology*; D012307:Risk Factors; D014421:Turkey / Q000453:epidemiology