title: Long-term oncological outcomes of robotic versus laparoscopic total mesorectal excision of mid-low rectal cancer following neoadjuvant chemoradiation therapy.
abstract: The use of robotic surgery and neoadjuvant chemoradiation therapy (CRT) for rectal cancer is increasing steadily worldwide. However, there are insufficient data on long-term outcomes of robotic surgery in this clinical setting. The aim of this study was to compare the 5-year oncological outcomes of laparoscopic vs. robotic total mesorectal excision for mid-low rectal cancer after neoadjuvant CRT.
  
  
  
  One hundred thirty-eight patients who underwent robotic (n = 74) or laparoscopic (n = 64) resections between January 2006 and December 2010 for mid and low rectal cancer after neoadjuvant CRT were identified from a prospective database. The long-term oncological outcomes of these patients were analyzed using prospective follow-up data.
  
  
  
  The median follow-up period was 56.1 ± 16.6 months (range 11-101). The 5-year overall survival (OS) rate of the laparoscopic and robotic groups was 93.3 and 90.0 %, respectively, (p = 0424). The 5-year disease-free survival (DFS) rate was 76.0 % (laparoscopic) vs. 76.8 % (robotic) (p = 0.834). In a subgroup analysis according to the yp-stage (complete pathologic response, yp-stage I, yp-stage II, or yp-stage III), the between-group oncological outcomes were not significantly different. The local recurrence rate was 6.3 % (laparoscopic, n = 4) vs. 2.7 % (robotic, n = 2) (p = 0.308). The systemic recurrence rate was 15.6 % (laparoscopic, n = 10) vs. 18.9 % (robotic, n = 14) (p = 0.644). All recurrences occurred within less than 36 months in both groups. The median period of recurrence was 14.2 months.
  
  
  
  Robotic surgery for rectal cancer after neoadjuvant CRT can be performed safely, with long-term oncological outcomes comparable to those obtained with laparoscopic surgery. More large-scale studies and long-term follow-up data are needed.
authors.affiliation: Colon and Rectal Surgery Section, Department of Surgery, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea.
authors.forename: Dae Ro
authors.initials: DR
authors.lastname: Lim
authors.affiliation: Colon and Rectal Surgery Section, Department of Surgery, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea.|Division of Colorectal Surgery, Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, Keimyung University and Dongsan Medical Center, Daegu, Korea.
authors.forename: Sung Uk
authors.initials: SU
authors.lastname: Bae
authors.affiliation: Colon and Rectal Surgery Section, Department of Surgery, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea.
authors.forename: Hyuk
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Hur
authors.affiliation: Colon and Rectal Surgery Section, Department of Surgery, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea.
authors.forename: Byung Soh
authors.initials: BS
authors.lastname: Min
authors.affiliation: Colon and Rectal Surgery Section, Department of Surgery, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea.
authors.forename: Seung Hyuk
authors.initials: SH
authors.lastname: Baik
authors.affiliation: Colon and Rectal Surgery Section, Department of Surgery, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea.
authors.forename: Kang Young
authors.initials: KY
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.affiliation: Colon and Rectal Surgery Section, Department of Surgery, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea. namkyuk@yuhs.ac.
authors.forename: Nam Kyu
authors.initials: NK
authors.lastname: Kim
mesh_terms: D000230:Adenocarcinoma / Q000401:mortality / Q000601:surgery* / Q000628:therapy; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D059186:Chemoradiotherapy, Adjuvant; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D010535:Laparoscopy; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D020360:Neoadjuvant Therapy; D012004:Rectal Neoplasms / Q000401:mortality / Q000601:surgery* / Q000628:therapy; D012007:Rectum / Q000601:surgery*; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D065287:Robotic Surgical Procedures; D016019:Survival Analysis
keywords: Laparoscopic surgery; Oncological outcomes; Rectal cancer; Robotic surgery