title: Chlorhexidine Loaded Cyclodextrin Containing PMMA Nanogels as Antimicrobial Coating and Delivery Systems.
abstract: Antimicrobial nanogels, aggregates, and films are prepared by complexation of the antiseptic and bacteriostatic agent chlorhexidine (CHX) for medical and dental applications. A series of α-, β-, and γ-cyclodextrin methacrylate (CD-MA) containing hydrophobic poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) based nanogels are loaded quantitatively with CHX in aqueous dispersion. The results show that CHX is enhancedly complexed by the use of CD-MA domains in the particles structure. β-CD-MA nanogels present the highest uptake of CHX. Furthermore, it is observed that the uptake of CHX in nanogels is influenced by the hydrophobic PMMA structure. CHX acts as external cross-linker of nanogels by formation of 1:2 (CHX:CD-MA) inclusion complexes of two β-CD-MA units on the surfaces of two different nanogels. The nanogels adsorb easily onto glass surfaces by physical self-bonding and formation of a dense crosslinked nanogel film. Biological tests of the applied CHX nanogels with regard to antimicrobial efficiency are successfully performed against Staphylococcus aureus.
authors.affiliation: DWI - Leibniz Institute for Interactive Materials e. V. and Textile and Macromolecular Chemistry, RWTH Aachen University, Forckenbeckstrasse 50, 52056, Aachen, Germany.
authors.forename: Markus J
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Kettel
authors.affiliation: DWI - Leibniz Institute for Interactive Materials e. V. and Textile and Macromolecular Chemistry, RWTH Aachen University, Forckenbeckstrasse 50, 52056, Aachen, Germany.
authors.forename: Elisabeth
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Heine
authors.affiliation: DWI - Leibniz Institute for Interactive Materials e. V. and Textile and Macromolecular Chemistry, RWTH Aachen University, Forckenbeckstrasse 50, 52056, Aachen, Germany.
authors.forename: Karola
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Schaefer
authors.affiliation: DWI - Leibniz Institute for Interactive Materials e. V. and Textile and Macromolecular Chemistry, RWTH Aachen University, Forckenbeckstrasse 50, 52056, Aachen, Germany.
authors.forename: Martin
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Moeller
mesh_terms: D000890:Anti-Infective Agents / Q000494:pharmacology*; D002710:Chlorhexidine / Q000494:pharmacology*; D020099:Coated Materials, Biocompatible / Q000494:pharmacology*; D003432:Cross-Linking Reagents / Q000737:chemistry; D016503:Drug Delivery Systems; D065546:Drug Liberation; D008826:Microbial Sensitivity Tests; D000080385:Nanogels; D011092:Polyethylene Glycols / Q000737:chemistry*; D011094:Polyethyleneimine / Q000737:chemistry*; D019904:Polymethyl Methacrylate / Q000737:chemistry*; D013056:Spectrophotometry, Ultraviolet; D017550:Spectroscopy, Fourier Transform Infrared; D013211:Staphylococcus aureus / Q000187:drug effects / Q000254:growth & development; D013499:Surface Properties; D047408:gamma-Cyclodextrins / Q000737:chemistry*
chemical_list: D000890:Anti-Infective Agents; D020099:Coated Materials, Biocompatible; D003432:Cross-Linking Reagents; D000080385:Nanogels; D047408:gamma-Cyclodextrins; C413692:polyethylene glycol polyethyleneimine nanogel; D011092:Polyethylene Glycols; D011094:Polyethyleneimine; D019904:Polymethyl Methacrylate; C023792:gamma-cyclodextrin; D002710:Chlorhexidine
keywords: Chlorhexidine; PMMA nanogels; cyclodextrin; drug delivery systems; nanocontainers