title: Stable Isotope Techniques for the Assessment of Host and Microbiota Response During Gastrointestinal Dysfunction.
abstract: The International Atomic Energy Agency convened a technical meeting on environmental enteric dysfunction (EED) in Vienna (October 28-30, 2015; https://nucleus.iaea.org/HHW/Nutrition/EED_Technical_Meeting/index.html) to bring together international experts in the fields of EED, nutrition, and stable isotope technologies. Advances in stable isotope-labeling techniques open up new possibilities to improve our understanding of gastrointestinal dysfunction and the role of the microbiota in host health. In the context of EED, little is known about the role gut dysfunction may play in macro- and micronutrient bioavailability and requirements and what the consequences may be for nutritional status and linear growth. Stable isotope labeling techniques have been used to assess intestinal mucosal injury and barrier function, carbohydrate digestion and fermentation, protein-derived amino acid bioavailability and requirements, micronutrient bioavailability and to track microbe-microbe and microbe-host interactions at the single cell level. The noninvasive nature of stable isotope technologies potentially allow for low-hazard, field-deployable tests of gut dysfunction that are applicable across all age groups. The purpose of this review is to assess the state-of-the-art use of stable isotope technologies and to provide a perspective on where these technologies can be exploited to further our understanding of gut dysfunction in EED.
authors.affiliation: *School of Pharmacy and Medical Sciences, Division of Health Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide, Australia †Bloomberg School of Public Health, John Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD ‡Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, University of Colorado, Aurora §Nutrition and Health-Related Environmental Studies Section, Division of Human Health, International Atomic Energy Agency ||Division of Microbial Ecology, Department of Microbial and Ecosystem Science, Research Network Chemistry meets Microbiology, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria ¶Institute of Food, Nutrition and Health, Department of Health Sciences and Technology, ETH Zürich, Zurich, Switzerland #Scottish Universities Environmental Research Centre, University of Glasgow, East Kilbride, Scotland, UK.
authors.forename: Ross N
authors.initials: RN
authors.lastname: Butler
authors.forename: Margaret
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kosek
authors.forename: Nancy F
authors.initials: NF
authors.lastname: Krebs
authors.forename: Cornelia U
authors.initials: CU
authors.lastname: Loechl
authors.forename: Alexander
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Loy
authors.forename: Victor O
authors.initials: VO
authors.lastname: Owino
authors.forename: Michael B
authors.initials: MB
authors.lastname: Zimmermann
authors.forename: Douglas J
authors.initials: DJ
authors.lastname: Morrison
mesh_terms: D020811:Biomedical Technology; D004063:Digestion; D005285:Fermentation; D000069196:Gastrointestinal Microbiome; D006130:Growth Disorders; D006801:Humans; D007413:Intestinal Mucosa; D007554:Isotopes; D018977:Micronutrients; D009752:Nutritional Status
chemical_list: D007554:Isotopes; D018977:Micronutrients