title: Red Wine Prevents the Acute Negative Vascular Effects of Smoking.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Moderate consumption of red wine is associated with fewer cardiovascular events. We investigated whether red wine consumption counteracts the adverse vascular effects of cigarette smoking.
  
  
  METHODS
  Participants smoked 3 cigarettes alone or after drinking a titrated volume of red wine. Clinical chemistry, blood counts, plasma cytokine enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays, immunomagnetic separation of CD14+monocytes for gene expression analysis, fluorescence-activated cell sorting for microparticles, and isolation of circulating mononuclear cells to measure telomerase activity were performed, and urine cotinine levels were quantified.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Compared with baseline, leukocytosis (P = .019), neutrophilia (P <.001), lymphopenia (P <.001), and eosinopenia (P = .008) were observed after only smoking. Endothelial and platelet-, monocyte-, and leukocyte-derived microparticles (P <.001 each) were elevated. In monocytes, messenger RNA expression of interleukin (IL)-6 (2.6- ± 0.57-fold), tumor necrosis factor alpha (2.2- ± 0.62-fold), and IL-1b (2.3- ± 0.44-fold) were upregulated, as was IL-6 (1.2 ± 0.12-fold) protein concentration in plasma. Smoking acutely inhibited mononuclear cell telomerase activity. Markers of endothelial damage, inflammation, and cellular aging were completely attenuated by red wine consumption.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Cigarette smoke results in acute endothelial damage, vascular and systemic inflammation, and indicators of the cellular aging processes in otherwise healthy nonsmokers. Pretreatment with red wine was preventive. The findings underscore the magnitude of acute damage exerted by cigarette smoking in "occasional lifestyle smokers" and demonstrate the potential of red wine as a protective strategy to avert markers of vascular injury.
authors.affiliation: Klinik für Innere Medizin III - Kardiologie, Angiologie und Internistische Intensivmedizin, Universitätsklinikum des Saarlandes und Medizinische Fakultät der Universität des Saarlandes, Kirrberger Straße, Homburg, Deutschland. Electronic address: viktoria.schwarz@uks.eu.
authors.forename: Viktoria
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Schwarz
authors.affiliation: Klinik für Innere Medizin III - Kardiologie, Angiologie und Internistische Intensivmedizin, Universitätsklinikum des Saarlandes und Medizinische Fakultät der Universität des Saarlandes, Kirrberger Straße, Homburg, Deutschland.
authors.forename: Katrin
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Bachelier
authors.affiliation: Klinik für Innere Medizin III - Kardiologie, Angiologie und Internistische Intensivmedizin, Universitätsklinikum des Saarlandes und Medizinische Fakultät der Universität des Saarlandes, Kirrberger Straße, Homburg, Deutschland.
authors.forename: Stephan H
authors.initials: SH
authors.lastname: Schirmer
authors.affiliation: Klinik für Innere Medizin III - Kardiologie, Angiologie und Internistische Intensivmedizin, Universitätsklinikum des Saarlandes und Medizinische Fakultät der Universität des Saarlandes, Kirrberger Straße, Homburg, Deutschland.
authors.forename: Christian
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Werner
authors.affiliation: Klinik für Innere Medizin III - Kardiologie, Angiologie und Internistische Intensivmedizin, Universitätsklinikum des Saarlandes und Medizinische Fakultät der Universität des Saarlandes, Kirrberger Straße, Homburg, Deutschland.
authors.forename: Ulrich
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: Laufs
authors.affiliation: Klinik für Innere Medizin III - Kardiologie, Angiologie und Internistische Intensivmedizin, Universitätsklinikum des Saarlandes und Medizinische Fakultät der Universität des Saarlandes, Kirrberger Straße, Homburg, Deutschland.
authors.forename: Michael
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Böhm
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D002319:Cardiovascular System / Q000187:drug effects*; D003367:Cotinine / Q000652:urine; D004804:Eosinophils / Q000187:drug effects; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D053583:Interleukin-1beta / Q000097:blood; D015850:Interleukin-6 / Q000097:blood; D007964:Leukocytosis / Q000209:etiology / Q000517:prevention & control; D008231:Lymphopenia / Q000209:etiology / Q000517:prevention & control; D008297:Male; D009504:Neutrophils / Q000187:drug effects; D012907:Smoking / Q000009:adverse effects*; D019098:Telomerase / Q000187:drug effects; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000097:blood; D014920:Wine
chemical_list: D053583:Interleukin-1beta; D015850:Interleukin-6; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha; D019098:Telomerase; D003367:Cotinine
keywords: Aging; Endothelial function; Inflammation; Smoking; Wine