title: Biodegradable Porous Starch Spheres as a Novel Carrier for Enhancement of Dissolution Rate and Oral Bioavailability of Itraconazole.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  A biodegradable porous starch (BPS) was developed in order to improve dissolution and oral bioavailability of Itraconazole as a poorly water-soluble antifungal drug.
  
  
  METHODS
  BPS was developed by converting native starch from hydrogel to alcogel by solvent exchange method. The developed BPS carrier was characterized by SEM and nitrogen adsorption/desorption analysis to understand surface morphology and porosity distribution respectively. Itraconazole (ITR) was loaded on BPS by adsorption mediated solvent evaporation method, which provides a hydrophilic matrix powder. This causes drug distribution within hydrophilic matrix of porous starch.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Solid-state characterization of optimized batch (ITR/BPS-3) was performed using DSC, PXRD, FTIR, SEM and FTIR chemical imaging. In vitro dissolution and in vivo pharmacokinetic studies were performed to evaluate therapeutic potential of ITR/BPS-3 system. In vitro studies of ITR: BPS-3 system revealed a burst effect in drug release (93%) compared to marketed product, which showed 90% drug release at the end of 60 min compared to 84% of marketed. Moreover, ITR/BPS-3 system showed improved oral bioavailability up to 3.93 fold and marketed product shows 3.12 fold compared to ITR.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This effect is due to high surface area, improved wettability and reduced crystallinity of ITR due to its adsorption into BPS. A successful methodology was reported to prepare BPS from raw starch.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technology, Institute of Chemical Technology Elite Status, Matunga, Mumbai - 400019. India.
authors.forename: Jaywant
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Pawar
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technology, Institute of Chemical Technology, Nathalal Parekh Marg, Matunga, Mumbai-400019, Maharashtra. India.
authors.forename: Meer Tarique
authors.initials: MT
authors.lastname: Ali
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technology, Institute of Chemical Technology, Nathalal Parekh Marg, Matunga, Mumbai-400019, Maharashtra. India.
authors.forename: Ritesh
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Fule
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technology, Institute of Chemical Technology, Nathalal Parekh Marg, Matunga, Mumbai-400019, Maharashtra. India.
authors.forename: Kailas
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Moravkar
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technology, Institute of Chemical Technology, Nathalal Parekh Marg, Matunga, Mumbai-400019, Maharashtra. India.
authors.forename: Madhavsingh
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Seervi
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technology, Institute of Chemical Technology, Nathalal Parekh Marg, Matunga, Mumbai-400019, Maharashtra. India.
authors.forename: Sadhana
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Sathaye
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technology, Institute of Chemical Technology, Nathalal Parekh Marg, Matunga, Mumbai-400019, Maharashtra. India.
authors.forename: Purnima
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Amin
mesh_terms: D000284:Administration, Oral; D000327:Adsorption; D000818:Animals; D000935:Antifungal Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000097:blood / Q000737:chemistry / Q000493:pharmacokinetics; D001682:Biological Availability; D002152:Calorimetry, Differential Scanning; D004337:Drug Carriers / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000737:chemistry / Q000493:pharmacokinetics; D065546:Drug Liberation; D017964:Itraconazole / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000097:blood / Q000737:chemistry / Q000493:pharmacokinetics; D008297:Male; D008855:Microscopy, Electron, Scanning; D016062:Porosity; D033362:Powder Diffraction; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D017550:Spectroscopy, Fourier Transform Infrared; D013213:Starch / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000737:chemistry / Q000493:pharmacokinetics; D014961:X-Ray Diffraction
chemical_list: D000935:Antifungal Agents; D004337:Drug Carriers; D017964:Itraconazole; D013213:Starch
keywords: Bioavailability; ITR; Itraconazole; RP-HPLC; biodegradable porous starch; solubility