title: Therapeutic potential of boswellic acids: a patent review (1990-2015).
abstract: Boswellic acids (BAs), a group of pentacyclic triterpenoids, have demonstrated very interesting biological properties that resulted in a number of protocols being developed for their synthesis. During the last twenty-five years (1990-2015), numerous BAs have been prepared. Both natural BAs and their synthetic derivatives can be used to treat various cancers as well as inflammatory diseases. Areas covered: This review covers patents on therapeutic activities of natural BAs and their synthetic derivatives published in last twenty-five years (1990-2015). Only BA patents to treat cancer and inflammation are available. A discussion about structure-activity relationships (SAR) of these analogs is also included. Expert opinion: BAs possess excellent anticancer and anti-inflammatory properties. A large number of BAs and their analogues have been prepared through modification at the C3-OH and C24-CO2H functional groups. Most importantly, the C-24 amide and amino derivatives demonstrated increased anticancer and anti-inflammatory activity compared with other BA derivatives. Furthermore, BAs have the potential to form conjugates with other anticancer drugs that will synergistically enhance their anticancer effects; and we believe that in order to get lead compounds, there needs to be a greater focus on the synthesis of halo derivatives of BAs.
authors.affiliation: a UoN Chair of Oman's Medicinal Plants and Marine Natural Products , University of Nizwa , Nizwa , Oman.
authors.forename: Hidayat
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Hussain
authors.affiliation: a UoN Chair of Oman's Medicinal Plants and Marine Natural Products , University of Nizwa , Nizwa , Oman.
authors.forename: Ahmed
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Al-Harrasi
authors.affiliation: b Organische Chemie , Martin-Luther Universität Halle-Wittenberg , Halle , Germany.
authors.forename: Rene
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Csuk
authors.affiliation: a UoN Chair of Oman's Medicinal Plants and Marine Natural Products , University of Nizwa , Nizwa , Oman.
authors.forename: Umair
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: Shamraiz
authors.affiliation: c Department of Chemistry and Polymer Science , University of Stellenbosch , Stellenbosch , South Africa.
authors.forename: Ivan R
authors.initials: IR
authors.lastname: Green
authors.affiliation: d DFG Centre for Functional Nanostructures , Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT) , Karlsruhe , Germany.
authors.forename: Ishtiaq
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Ahmed
authors.affiliation: e National Center for Natural Products Research , University of Mississippi , Oxford , MS , USA.
authors.forename: Ikhlas A
authors.initials: IA
authors.lastname: Khan
authors.affiliation: e National Center for Natural Products Research , University of Mississippi , Oxford , MS , USA.
authors.forename: Zulfiqar
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Ali
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000893:Anti-Inflammatory Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology*; D000970:Antineoplastic Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology*; D015195:Drug Design; D004357:Drug Synergism; D006801:Humans; D007249:Inflammation / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000473:pathology; D009369:Neoplasms / Q000473:pathology; D010330:Patents as Topic; D013329:Structure-Activity Relationship; D014315:Triterpenes / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology*
chemical_list: D000893:Anti-Inflammatory Agents; D000970:Antineoplastic Agents; D014315:Triterpenes; C054625:boswellic acid
keywords: Boswellic acids; anti-inflammatory; anticancer; apoptosis; in vitro; in vivo