title: Reserve and Reserve-building activities research: key challenges and future directions.
abstract: The concept of Cognitive Reserve has great appeal and has led to an interesting and important body of research. We believe, however, that it is unnecessarily limited by 'habits' of measurement, nomenclature, and intra-disciplinary thinking.
  
  
  
  A broader, more comprehensive way of conceptualizing Reserve is proposed that invokes a broader measurement approach, nomenclature that uses specific terms embedded in a theoretical model, and crosses disciplines.
  
  
  
  Building on this comprehensive conceptualization, we will discuss fruitful directions for future research.
authors.affiliation: DeltaQuest Foundation, Inc., 31 Mitchell Road, Concord, MA, 01742, USA. carolyn.schwartz@deltaquest.org.|Departments of Medicine and Orthopaedic Surgery, Tufts University Medical School, Boston, MA, USA. carolyn.schwartz@deltaquest.org.
authors.forename: Carolyn E
authors.initials: CE
authors.lastname: Schwartz
authors.affiliation: Department of Epidemiology and Population Health, Division of Community Collaboration and Implementation Science, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA.
authors.forename: Bruce D
authors.initials: BD
authors.lastname: Rapkin
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.|Partners MS Center at Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA.|Massachusetts General Hospital Biostatistics Center, Boston, MA, USA.
authors.forename: Brian C
authors.initials: BC
authors.lastname: Healy
mesh_terms: D058245:Cognitive Reserve / Q000502:physiology; D006801:Humans; D008959:Models, Neurological; D008960:Models, Psychological; D012107:Research Design; D055500:Resilience, Psychological; D009626:Terminology as Topic
keywords: Cognitive Reserve; Inter-disciplinary; Measurement; Neurological Reserve; Nomenclature theory; Quality of life; Reserve-building activities; Resilience; Tipping point