title: Systemic Inflammatory Response and Elevated Tumour Markers Predict Worse Survival in Resectable Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Estimation of the prognosis of resectable pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) currently relies on tumour-related factors such as resection margins and on lymph-node ratio (LNR) both inconveniently available only postoperatively. Our aim was to assess the accuracy of preoperative laboratory data in predicting PDAC prognosis.
  
  
  METHODS
  Collection of laboratory and clinical data was retrospective from 265 consecutive patients undergoing surgery for PDAC at Helsinki University Hospital. Cancer-specific survival assessment utilized Kaplan-Meier analysis, and independent associations between factors were by the Cox regression model.
  
  
  RESULTS
  During follow-up, 76% of the patients died of PDAC, with a median survival time of 19.6 months. In univariate analysis, CRP, albumin, CEA, and CA19-9 were significantly associated with postoperative cancer-specific survival. In multivariate analysis, taking into account age, gender, LNR, resection margins, tumour status, and adjuvant chemotherapy, the preoperative biomarkers independently associated with adverse prognosis were hypoalbuminemia (< 36 g/L, hazard ratio (HR) 1.56, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.10-2.19, p = 0.011), elevated CRP (> 5 mg/L, HR 1.44, 95% CI 1.03-2.02, p = 0.036), CEA (> 5 μg/L, HR 1.60, 95% CI 1.07-2.53, p = 0.047), and CA19-9 (≥555 kU/L, HR 1.91, 95% CI 1.18-3.08, p = 0.008).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  For patients with resectable PDAC, preoperative CRP, along with albumin and tumour markers, is useful for predicting prognosis.
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland.
authors.forename: Aino
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Salmiheimo
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland.
authors.forename: Harri
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Mustonen
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical Chemistry, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland.
authors.forename: Ulf-Håkan
authors.initials: UH
authors.lastname: Stenman
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland.
authors.forename: Pauli
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Puolakkainen
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland.
authors.forename: Esko
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Kemppainen
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland.
authors.forename: Hanna
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Seppänen
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland.|Research Programs Unit, Translational Cancer Biology Program, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.
authors.forename: Caj
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Haglund
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor / Q000378:metabolism*; D021441:Carcinoma, Pancreatic Ductal / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007249:Inflammation / Q000473:pathology*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D015999:Multivariate Analysis; D010190:Pancreatic Neoplasms / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology*; D011379:Prognosis; D016019:Survival Analysis
chemical_list: D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor