title: The role of physical activity in early adulthood and middle-age on bone health after menopause in epidemiological population from Silesia Osteo Active Study.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Osteoporosis is a growing problem in women after menopause. Among factors protecting from this disease is a physical activity (PA).
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  The objective of the study was to evaluate the influence of PA in early adulthood and at middle-age on bone health after menopause.
  
  
  METHODS
  The study group consisted of 362 randomly recruited postmenopausal women after menopause. Mean age was 65.2±6.9 years. Medical history was collected from all participants, and they completed questionnaires assessing PA in early adulthood and at middle-age. Physical capacity was estimated using the Duke scale. Bone status was measured with use of densitometry (DXA) for lumbar spine and hip and calcaneus quantitative ultrasound (QUS) measurements.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Physical activity and healthy lifestyle activity in early adulthood did not correlate with bone health, but current PA did (for QUS parameters r=.11; P<.05). Physical capacity correlated with all QUS parameters (r=.2 to .22; P<.05) and femoral neck (FN) BMD and T-score (for both r=.16; P<.05). Current PA frequency at the level of several times a week has the highest positive impact on FN DXA results (P=.01). Bone mass in DXA and QUS variables is related to the type of exercises (P<.05).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Physical activity, especially several times a week, at middle-age is a major factor influencing bone health in women after menopause. Further studies concerning the type of exercises are needed.
authors.affiliation: Doctoral Studies, School of Medicine with the Division of Dentistry, Medical University of Silesia in Katowice, Zabrze, Poland. elztab596@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Elżbieta
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Tabor
authors.affiliation: Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Sports-Clinic, Żory, Poland.
authors.forename: Piotr
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Zagórski
authors.affiliation: Doctoral Studies, School of Medicine with the Division of Dentistry, Medical University of Silesia in Katowice, Zabrze, Poland.
authors.forename: Katarzyna
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Martela
authors.affiliation: Department of Medical Informatics and Telemedicine, Center of Excellence "TeleOrto" for Telediagnostics and Treatment of Disorders and Injuries of Locomotor System, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland.
authors.forename: Wojciech
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Glinkowski
authors.affiliation: Department and Clinic of Internal Diseases, Diabetology, and Nephrology, School of Medicine with the Division of Dentistry, Metabolic Bone Diseases Unit, Medical University of Silesia in Katowice, Zabrze, Poland.
authors.forename: Roman
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Kuźniewicz
authors.affiliation: Department and Clinic of Internal Diseases, Diabetology, and Nephrology, School of Medicine with the Division of Dentistry, Metabolic Bone Diseases Unit, Medical University of Silesia in Katowice, Zabrze, Poland.
authors.forename: Wojciech
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Pluskiewicz
mesh_terms: D015502:Absorptiometry, Photon; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D015519:Bone Density / Q000502:physiology*; D015444:Exercise / Q000502:physiology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008875:Middle Aged; D015663:Osteoporosis, Postmenopausal / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000453:epidemiology*; D058866:Osteoporotic Fractures / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000453:epidemiology; D011044:Poland / Q000453:epidemiology; D017698:Postmenopause / Q000502:physiology*