title: Codelivery of salinomycin and doxorubicin using nanoliposomes for targeting both liver cancer cells and cancer stem cells.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To develop salinomycin-loaded nanoliposomes (SLN), doxorubicin-loaded nanoliposomes (DLN) and nanoliposomes codelivering salinomycin and doxorubicin (SDLN) to target both liver cancer cells and cancer stem cells.
  
  
  METHODS
  The characterization and antitumor activity of SLN, DLN and SDLN were evaluated.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The doxorubicin/salinomycin sodium mole ratio of 1:1 had the best synergistic combination index value, and was chosen as the drug ratio in SDLN. SDLN could maintain the drug ratio between 1:1 and 3:1 in 12 h in vivo. SDLN and SLN + DLN showed the best tumor inhibitory rate, and could significantly decrease the percentage of liver cancer stem cells in vivo. SDLN and SLN + DLN may serve as an effective approach to treat liver cancer.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Second Military Medical University, 325 Guohe Road, Shanghai 200433, China.
authors.forename: Zhirong
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Gong
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Second Military Medical University, 325 Guohe Road, Shanghai 200433, China.
authors.forename: Dazhong
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Second Military Medical University, 325 Guohe Road, Shanghai 200433, China.
authors.forename: Fangyuan
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Xie
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Second Military Medical University, 325 Guohe Road, Shanghai 200433, China.
authors.forename: Junjie
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Second Military Medical University, 325 Guohe Road, Shanghai 200433, China.
authors.forename: He
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Second Military Medical University, 325 Guohe Road, Shanghai 200433, China.
authors.forename: Hao
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Zou
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Second Military Medical University, 325 Guohe Road, Shanghai 200433, China.
authors.forename: Yuan
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Yu
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Second Military Medical University, 325 Guohe Road, Shanghai 200433, China.
authors.forename: Yan
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Second Military Medical University, 325 Guohe Road, Shanghai 200433, China.
authors.forename: Zhiguo
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Sun
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacy, East Hospital of Hepatobiliary Surgery, 225 Changhai Road, Shanghai 200433, China.
authors.forename: Xinxia
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacy, East Hospital of Hepatobiliary Surgery, 225 Changhai Road, Shanghai 200433, China.
authors.forename: Hai
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacy, East Hospital of Hepatobiliary Surgery, 225 Changhai Road, Shanghai 200433, China.
authors.forename: Guoqing
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: Department of Gastroenterology, Changzheng Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200003, China.
authors.forename: Chuan
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Yin
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Second Military Medical University, 325 Guohe Road, Shanghai 200433, China.
authors.forename: Jie
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Gao
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Second Military Medical University, 325 Guohe Road, Shanghai 200433, China.
authors.forename: Yanqiang
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Zhong
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Second Military Medical University, 325 Guohe Road, Shanghai 200433, China.
authors.forename: Ying
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Lu
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000971:Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000737:chemistry; D017209:Apoptosis; D006528:Carcinoma, Hepatocellular / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000473:pathology; D002470:Cell Survival; D004317:Doxorubicin / Q000008:administration & dosage; D065546:Drug Liberation; D056945:Hep G2 Cells; D006801:Humans; D008081:Liposomes / Q000737:chemistry*; D008113:Liver Neoplasms / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000473:pathology; D008297:Male; D008819:Mice, Nude; D053769:Nanocapsules / Q000737:chemistry*; D014411:Neoplastic Stem Cells / Q000187:drug effects*; D010316:Particle Size; D011714:Pyrans / Q000008:administration & dosage; D013499:Surface Properties; D000095662:Polyether Polyketides
chemical_list: D004317:Doxorubicin; D008081:Liposomes; D053769:Nanocapsules; D011714:Pyrans; C010327:salinomycin; D000095662:Polyether Polyketides
keywords: cancer stem cells; combined therapy; doxorubicin; liver cancer; nanoliposomes; salinomycin