title: The effect of clamping the indwelling urinary catheter before removal in cervical cancer patients after radical hysterectomy.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To determine the effect of clamping the indwelling urinary catheter before its removal on bladder reconditioning in patients with cervical cancer after radical hysterectomy.
  
  
  BACKGROUND
  It is suggested that indwelling urinary catheters should be clamped intermittently to fill the bladder and restore bladder function before removal. However, indwelling urinary catheter clamping showed no effect on bladder reconditioning according to some clinical studies.
  
  
  METHODS
  Randomised controlled study.
  
  
  METHODS
  A total of 210 patients with cervical cancer after type C radical hysterectomy were randomised on 1:2 into two groups. In the clamping group, indwelling urinary catheters were clamped intermittently for 48 hours before removal based on a bladder-training sheet, while in the control group, the indwelling urinary catheters were removed without clamping. The primary outcome of the study was the rate of recatheterisation. The secondary outcomes included residual urine volume 24 hours after removal, incidence of urinary tract infection and duration of recatheterisation.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Seventy patients were assigned to the clamping group and 128 to the control group with paralleled baseline characteristics. The days of the primary catheterisation (13·20 ± 0·79 vs. 13·38 ± 1·04) and the incidence of urinary tract infection (22·9% vs. 20·3%) had no significant differences between the two groups. Ten patients in the clamping group and 19 in the control group underwent recatheterisation, the incidence of which showed no significant difference (14·3% vs. 14·8%). The days of recatheterisation were not statistically different between the two groups (11·40 ± 6·75 vs. 9·42 ± 5·23). However, the residual urine volume 24 hours after removal was higher in the clamping group than that in the control group.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Bladder recondition through indwelling urinary catheter clamping may not restore bladder function in patients after radical hysterectomy.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  As indwelling urinary catheter clamping may increase the residual urine volume after indwelling urinary catheter removal and lead to an increased nursing workload, it should not be recommended in patients with cervical cancer postoperatively.
authors.affiliation: The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China.
authors.forename: Yao
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Gong
authors.affiliation: The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China.
authors.forename: Ling
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Zhao
authors.affiliation: The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China.
authors.forename: Lin
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China.
authors.forename: Fulan
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Wang
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D002408:Catheters, Indwelling / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D020878:Device Removal / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000379:methods*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007044:Hysterectomy / Q000009:adverse effects; D008875:Middle Aged; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D014546:Urinary Catheterization / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000295:instrumentation*; D062885:Urinary Catheters; D014552:Urinary Tract Infections / Q000209:etiology / Q000517:prevention & control*; D002583:Uterine Cervical Neoplasms / Q000601:surgery
keywords: bladder reconditioning; cervical cancer; indwelling urinary catheter; radical hysterectomy