title: Conventional chemotherapy and perspectives for molecular-based oncological treatment in pediatric hemispheric low-grade gliomas.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Pediatric low-grade gliomas (PLGG) are the most common primary central nervous system tumor in children. Patients in whom gross total resection can be achieved have an excellent overall (OS) and event-free survival (EFS) and do not require adjuvant therapy. However, children with unresectable tumors often experience multiple progressions and require additional treatment.
  Radiotherapy results in long-term tumor control, but it is associated with significant toxicity, making chemotherapy the preferred therapeutic option. Several chemotherapy combinations have been found to be successful in PLGG, but 5-year EFS has been below 60 % with most of them.
  Recent molecular advances have led to a better understanding of the molecular pathways involved in the biology of LGG, allowing the development of promising tumor-specific, molecularly targeted therapies.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatric Hemato-Oncology, Hospital 12 de Octubre, Madrid, Spain. maria.baro@salud.madrid.org.
authors.forename: María Baro
authors.initials: MB
authors.lastname: Fernández
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatric Hemato-Oncology, Hospital 12 de Octubre, Madrid, Spain.
authors.forename: Vanesa Pérez
authors.initials: VP
authors.lastname: Alonso
mesh_terms: D000970:Antineoplastic Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D001932:Brain Neoplasms / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000235:genetics*; D003131:Combined Modality Therapy; D018572:Disease-Free Survival; D005910:Glioma / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000235:genetics*; D006801:Humans; D010372:Pediatrics; D015398:Signal Transduction / Q000187:drug effects / Q000235:genetics; D058570:TOR Serine-Threonine Kinases / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D018631:ras Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D000970:Antineoplastic Agents; C546842:MTOR protein, human; D058570:TOR Serine-Threonine Kinases; D018631:ras Proteins
keywords: Antiangiogenic agents; Chemotherapy; Molecular targeted theraphy; Pediatric low-grade glioma; Pilocytic astrocytoma; Ras-RAf-MAPK pathway; mTOR pathway