title: Antimicrobial and cytotoxicity evaluation of colloidal chitosan - silver nanoparticles - fluoride nanocomposites.
abstract: The present study aimed to evaluate the antimicrobial activity and cytotoxicity of colloidal chitosan - silver nanoparticle - fluoride nanocomposites (CChAgNpFNc), with different silver nanoparticle shapes and sizes. The syntheses of CChAgNpFNc were performed with silver nitrate added to a chitosan solution, addition of a sodium borohydride solution and solid sodium fluoride. Solution of ascorbic acid was added to synthesize larger silver nanoparticles. CChAgNpFNc obtained: S1- 100% spherical, 8.7±3.1nm; S2- 97% spherical, 15.0±7.9nm and 2.5% triangular, 22.2±9.5nm; S3- 77.3% spherical, 31.8±10.4nm, 15.9% triangular, 27.1±10.1nm and 6.8% elliptical, 33.2±7.8nm; and S4- 75.2% spherical, 43.2±14.3nm; 23.3% triangular 38.2±14.8nm, and 1.5% elliptical 38.4±11.6nm. The CChAgNpFNc showed antimicrobial activity against Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, Enterococcus faecalis, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Candida albicans, by microdilution technique. The influence on the growth of microorganisms was evaluated using a fluorescence assay, and showed an increasing lag phase and a decreasing log phase. Cytotoxicity was investigated using Artemia salina and MTT assays. The S3 and S4 samples exhibited low cytotoxicity. The S1 and S2 samples inhibited murine macrophages and revealed lethal dose concentrations above 1000mg/mL that were classified as moderately toxic. Thus, CChAgNpFNc are potential options for the control of multiple-drug-resistant microorganisms and do not represent substantial risks to human health.
authors.affiliation: Faculdade de Odontologia, Universidade de Pernambuco, Av. Gal. Newton Cavalcanti, n° 1650, Camaragibe, Pernambuco, CEP: 54.753-020, Brazil.
authors.forename: Priscila L L
authors.initials: PL
authors.lastname: Freire
authors.affiliation: Universidade Federal da Paraíba - Campus João Pessoa, Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Cidade Universitária, João Pessoa, Paraíba, CEP: 58.051-900, Brazil.
authors.forename: Allan J R
authors.initials: AJ
authors.lastname: Albuquerque
authors.affiliation: Universidade Federal da Paraíba - Campus João Pessoa, Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Cidade Universitária, João Pessoa, Paraíba, CEP: 58.051-900, Brazil.
authors.forename: Isabela A P
authors.initials: IA
authors.lastname: Farias
authors.affiliation: Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Av. Prof. Moraes Rego, n° 1235, Cidade Universitária, Recife, Pernambuco, CEP: 50.670-901, Brazil.
authors.forename: Teresinha Gonçalves
authors.initials: TG
authors.lastname: da Silva
authors.affiliation: Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Av. Prof. Moraes Rego, n° 1235, Cidade Universitária, Recife, Pernambuco, CEP: 50.670-901, Brazil.
authors.forename: Jaciana Santos
authors.initials: JS
authors.lastname: Aguiar
authors.affiliation: Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Av. Prof. Moraes Rego, n° 1235, Cidade Universitária, Recife, Pernambuco, CEP: 50.670-901, Brazil; Centro de Tecnologias Estratégicas do Nordeste, Av. Prof. Luiz Freire, n°1, Cidade Universitária, Recife, Pernambuco, CEP 50.740-540, Brazil.
authors.forename: André
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Galembeck
authors.affiliation: Centro de Tecnologias Estratégicas do Nordeste, Av. Prof. Luiz Freire, n°1, Cidade Universitária, Recife, Pernambuco, CEP 50.740-540, Brazil.
authors.forename: Miguel A P
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Flores
authors.affiliation: Universidade Federal da Paraíba - Campus João Pessoa, Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Cidade Universitária, João Pessoa, Paraíba, CEP: 58.051-900, Brazil.
authors.forename: Fabio C
authors.initials: FC
authors.lastname: Sampaio
authors.affiliation: Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Av. Prof. Moraes Rego, n° 1235, Cidade Universitária, Recife, Pernambuco, CEP: 50.670-901, Brazil. Electronic address: thayza.stamford@pq.cnpq.br.
authors.forename: Thayza Christina Montenegro
authors.initials: TC
authors.lastname: Stamford
authors.affiliation: Faculdade de Odontologia, Universidade de Pernambuco, Av. Gal. Newton Cavalcanti, n° 1650, Camaragibe, Pernambuco, CEP: 54.753-020, Brazil.
authors.forename: Aronita
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Rosenblatt
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology*; D002176:Candida albicans / Q000187:drug effects; D045744:Cell Line, Tumor; D048271:Chitosan / Q000737:chemistry*; D003102:Colloids; D013293:Enterococcus faecalis / Q000187:drug effects; D004926:Escherichia coli / Q000187:drug effects; D005459:Fluorides / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology*; D006801:Humans; D053768:Metal Nanoparticles / Q000737:chemistry / Q000633:toxicity* / Q000648:ultrastructure; D051379:Mice; D008826:Microbial Sensitivity Tests; D053761:Nanocomposites / Q000737:chemistry / Q000633:toxicity* / Q000648:ultrastructure; D010316:Particle Size; D011550:Pseudomonas aeruginosa / Q000187:drug effects; D000067996:RAW 264.7 Cells; D013211:Staphylococcus aureus / Q000187:drug effects
chemical_list: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents; D003102:Colloids; D048271:Chitosan; D005459:Fluorides
keywords: Antimicrobial agent; Composites; Cytotoxicity