title: Multi-faceted monitoring of estuarine turbidity and particulate matter provenance: Case study from Salem Harbor, USA.
abstract: Turbidity is a water quality parameter that is known to adversely affect aquatic systems, however the causes of turbid water are often elusive. We present results of a study designed to constrain the source of particulate matter in a coastal embayment that has suffered from increased turbidity over past decades. Our approach utilized monitoring buoys to quantify turbidity at high temporal resolution complemented by geochemical isotope analysis of suspended sediment samples and meteorological data. Results reveal a complex system in which multiple sources are associated with particulate matter. Weight of evidence demonstrates that phytoplankton productivity in the water column, however, is the dominant source of particulate matter associated with elevated turbidity in Salem Harbor, Massachusetts. Allochthonous matter from the watershed was observed to mix into the pool of suspended particulate matter near river mouths, especially in spring and summer. Resuspension of harbor surface sediments likely provides additional particulates in the regions of boat moorings, especially during summer when recreational boats are attached to moorings. Our approach allows us to constrain the causes of turbidity events in this embayment, is helping with conservation efforts of environmental quality in the region, and can be used as a template for other locations.
authors.affiliation: Department of Geological Sciences, Salem State University, 352 Lafayette Street, Salem, MA 01970, USA. Electronic address: bhubeny@salemstate.edu.
authors.forename: J Bradford
authors.initials: JB
authors.lastname: Hubeny
authors.affiliation: Salem Sound Coastwatch, 12 Federal Street, Salem, MA 01970, USA.
authors.forename: Melanie
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kenney
authors.affiliation: Salem Sound Coastwatch, 12 Federal Street, Salem, MA 01970, USA.
authors.forename: Barbara
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Warren
authors.affiliation: Department of Geological Sciences, Salem State University, 352 Lafayette Street, Salem, MA 01970, USA.
authors.forename: Jeremy
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Louisos
keywords: Salem Sound; monitoring buoy; phytoplankton; stable isotopes; time series analysis; water quality