title: Polyprenols of Ginkgo biloba Enhance Antibacterial Activity of Five Classes of Antibiotics.
abstract: Polyprenol (GBP) from Ginkgo biloba Leaves (GBL) is an important lipid with many bioactive effects. The effect of GBP on antibacterial properties of five antibiotics belonging to different classes was through analysis of inhibition halos, MIC, and FIC index. And we studied the time-killing curves and Ca(2+) mobilization assay in Staphylococcus aureus cells treated with GBP microemulsion and gentamicin sulfate under MIC/2 conditions. These results showed that the GBP microemulsion (average diameter 90.2 nm) combining with gentamicin sulfate had the highest enhancing antibacterial effect against Staphylococcus aureus, and the MIC value was 33.0 μg/mL. The increase of the antibacterial effect of tested antibiotics was positively correlated with the decrease of the average diameter of GBP microemulsion. Moreover, GBP microemulsion enhanced antibacterial effect and prolonged antibacterial time of GBP combining with gentamicin sulfate against Staphylococcus aureus. GBP microemulsion could enhance the ability of gentamicin inducing an increase in intracellular calcium concentrations to Staphylococcus aureus. GBP microemulsion could help some classes of antibiotics to inhibit or kill bacteria. This study supports the fact that GBP microemulsion obviously can not only reduce the dosage of some classes of antibiotics, but also reduce the frequency of the antibiotic use in vitro.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Chemical Industry of Forest Products, CAF, 16 Suojin Wucun, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210042, China; Research Institute of Forestry New Technology, CAF, Beijing 100091, China.
authors.forename: Ran
authors.identifier: 0000-0001-7288-2821
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Tao
authors.affiliation: Institute of Chemical Industry of Forest Products, CAF, 16 Suojin Wucun, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210042, China; Research Institute of Forestry New Technology, CAF, Beijing 100091, China.
authors.forename: Chengzhang
authors.identifier: 0000-0001-7863-030X
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: Institute of Chemical Industry of Forest Products, CAF, 16 Suojin Wucun, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210042, China.
authors.forename: Jianzhong
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Ye
authors.affiliation: Institute of Chemical Industry of Forest Products, CAF, 16 Suojin Wucun, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210042, China; Research Institute of Forestry New Technology, CAF, Beijing 100091, China.
authors.forename: Hao
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Zhou
authors.affiliation: Institute of Chemical Industry of Forest Products, CAF, 16 Suojin Wucun, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210042, China.
authors.forename: Hongxia
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Chen
mesh_terms: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology*; D004357:Drug Synergism; D005839:Gentamicins / Q000494:pharmacology; D020441:Ginkgo biloba / Q000737:chemistry; D045782:Hemiterpenes; D006801:Humans; D000439:Pentanols / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology*; D013203:Staphylococcal Infections / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000382:microbiology; D013211:Staphylococcus aureus / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000472:pathogenicity
chemical_list: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents; D005839:Gentamicins; D045782:Hemiterpenes; D000439:Pentanols; C009034:prenol