title: Relative Tolerance of Six Bactrocera (Diptera: Tephritidae) Species to Phytosanitary Cold Treatment.
abstract: To compare relative cold treatment tolerance across the economically important tephritid fruit flies (Diptera: Tephritidae), Bactrocera carambolae Drew & Hancock, Bactrocera correcta (Bezzi), Bactrocera cucurbitae (Coquillett), four populations of Bactrocera dorsalis (Hendel), Bactrocera zonata (Saunders), and Bactrocera tryoni (Froggatt), eggs (in vitro), and larvae (in infested fruit or on carrot diet) were cold treated at 2.0 ± 0.2 °C for selected durations. The study was performed to assess whether a single (i.e., generic) cold treatment could be developed that would control the entire group of fruit flies that were tested. Probit regression models showed that the hierarchy of cold resistance was third-instar larvae reared on carrot diet > third-instar larvae reared on orange > eggs test in vitro. Differences in mortality responses of third-instar larvae reared in oranges across populations of B. dorsalis were observed only at subefficacious levels of control. The majority of Bactrocera species responded the same at the high levels of control demanded of phytosanitary treatments, which indicated that cold treatments would be similarly effective across the species and populations tested. B. cucurbitae was found to be the most cold tolerant of all the species tested.
authors.affiliation: USDA, APHIS, PPQ, Center for Plant Health Science and Technology, Otis Laboratory, 1398 W. Truck Rd., Buzzards Bay, MA 02542 (scott.w.myers@aphis.usda.gov).
authors.forename: Scott W
authors.initials: SW
authors.lastname: Myers
authors.affiliation: Insect Pest Control Laboratory, Joint FAO/IAEA Division of Nuclear Techniques in Food and Agriculture, IAEA, Wagramerstrasse 5, A-1400 Vienna, Austria (E.I.Cancio-Martinez@iaea.org; G.J.Hallman@iaea.org; eagnesfontenot@gmail.com; M.Vreysen@iaea.org).
authors.forename: Elena
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Cancio-Martinez
authors.affiliation: Insect Pest Control Laboratory, Joint FAO/IAEA Division of Nuclear Techniques in Food and Agriculture, IAEA, Wagramerstrasse 5, A-1400 Vienna, Austria (E.I.Cancio-Martinez@iaea.org; G.J.Hallman@iaea.org; eagnesfontenot@gmail.com; M.Vreysen@iaea.org).
authors.forename: Guy J
authors.initials: GJ
authors.lastname: Hallman
authors.affiliation: Insect Pest Control Laboratory, Joint FAO/IAEA Division of Nuclear Techniques in Food and Agriculture, IAEA, Wagramerstrasse 5, A-1400 Vienna, Austria (E.I.Cancio-Martinez@iaea.org; G.J.Hallman@iaea.org; eagnesfontenot@gmail.com; M.Vreysen@iaea.org).
authors.forename: Emily A
authors.initials: EA
authors.lastname: Fontenot
authors.affiliation: Insect Pest Control Laboratory, Joint FAO/IAEA Division of Nuclear Techniques in Food and Agriculture, IAEA, Wagramerstrasse 5, A-1400 Vienna, Austria (E.I.Cancio-Martinez@iaea.org; G.J.Hallman@iaea.org; eagnesfontenot@gmail.com; M.Vreysen@iaea.org).
authors.forename: Marc J B
authors.initials: MJB
authors.lastname: Vreysen
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D003080:Cold Temperature / Q000009:adverse effects*; D007300:Insect Control / Q000379:methods*; D007814:Larva / Q000502:physiology; D010063:Ovum / Q000502:physiology; D013045:Species Specificity; D033621:Tephritidae / Q000254:growth & development / Q000502:physiology*
keywords: fruit fly; invasive species; quarantine treatment