title: Helitron-like transposons contributed to the mating system transition from out-crossing to self-fertilizing in polyploid Brassica napus L.
abstract: The mating system transition in polyploid Brassica napus (AACC) from out-crossing to selfing is a typical trait to differentiate it from their diploid progenitors. Elucidating the mechanism of mating system transition has profound consequences for understanding the speciation and evolution in B. napus. Functional complementation experiment has shown that the insertion of 3.6 kb into the promoter of self-incompatibility male determining gene, BnSP11-1 leads to its loss of function in B. napus. The inserted fragment was found to be a non-autonomous Helitron transposon. Further analysis showed that the inserted 3.6 kb non-autonomous Helitron transposon was widely distributed in B. napus accessions which contain the S haplotype BnS-1. Through promoter deletion analysis, an enhancer and a putative cis-regulatory element (TTCTA) that were required for spatio-temporal specific expression of BnSP11-1 were identified, and both might be disrupted by the insertion of Helitron transposon. We suggested that the insertion of Helitron transposons in the promoter of BnSP11-1 gene had altered the mating system and might facilitated the speciation of B. napus. Our findings have profound consequences for understanding the self-compatibility in B. napus as well as for the trait variations during evolutionary process of plant polyploidization.
authors.affiliation: National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, National Center of Rapeseed Improvement in Wuhan, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China.
authors.forename: Changbin
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Gao
authors.affiliation: National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, National Center of Rapeseed Improvement in Wuhan, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China.
authors.forename: Guilong
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Zhou
authors.affiliation: National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, National Center of Rapeseed Improvement in Wuhan, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China.
authors.forename: Chaozhi
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Ma
authors.affiliation: National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, National Center of Rapeseed Improvement in Wuhan, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China.
authors.forename: Wen
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Zhai
authors.affiliation: National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, National Center of Rapeseed Improvement in Wuhan, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China.
authors.forename: Tong
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, National Center of Rapeseed Improvement in Wuhan, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China.
authors.forename: Zhiquan
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.affiliation: National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, National Center of Rapeseed Improvement in Wuhan, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China.
authors.forename: Yong
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.affiliation: National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, National Center of Rapeseed Improvement in Wuhan, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China.
authors.forename: Ming
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Wu
authors.affiliation: National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, National Center of Rapeseed Improvement in Wuhan, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China.
authors.forename: Yao
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Yue
authors.affiliation: National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, National Center of Rapeseed Improvement in Wuhan, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China.
authors.forename: Zhiqiang
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Duan
authors.affiliation: National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, National Center of Rapeseed Improvement in Wuhan, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China.
authors.forename: Yaya
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, National Center of Rapeseed Improvement in Wuhan, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China.
authors.forename: Bing
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, National Center of Rapeseed Improvement in Wuhan, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China.
authors.forename: Jijun
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, National Center of Rapeseed Improvement in Wuhan, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China.
authors.forename: Jinxiong
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Shen
authors.affiliation: National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, National Center of Rapeseed Improvement in Wuhan, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China.
authors.forename: Jinxing
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Tu
authors.affiliation: National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, National Center of Rapeseed Improvement in Wuhan, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China.
authors.forename: Tingdong
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Fu
mesh_terms: D029688:Brassica napus / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D004251:DNA Transposable Elements / Q000502:physiology*; D018506:Gene Expression Regulation, Plant / Q000502:physiology*; D011123:Polyploidy; D060436:Self-Incompatibility in Flowering Plants / Q000502:physiology*
chemical_list: D004251:DNA Transposable Elements