title: Metabolomes of Potato Root Exudates: Compounds That Stimulate Resting Spore Germination of the Soil-Borne Pathogen Spongospora subterranea.
abstract: Root exudation has importance in soil chemical ecology influencing rhizosphere microbiota. Prior studies reported root exudates from host and nonhost plants stimulated resting spore germination of Spongospora subterranea, the powdery scab pathogen of potato, but the identities of stimulatory compounds were unknown. This study showed that potato root exudates stimulated S. subterranea resting spore germination, releasing more zoospores at an earlier time than the control. We detected 24 low molecular weight organic compounds within potato root exudates and identified specific amino acids, sugars, organic acids, and other compounds that were stimulatory to S. subterranea resting spore germination. Given that several stimulatory compounds are commonly found in exudates of diverse plant species, we support observations of nonhost-specific stimulation. We provide knowledge of S. subterranea resting spore biology and chemical ecology that may be useful in formulating new disease management strategies.
authors.affiliation: New Town Research Laboratories, Tasmanian Institute of Agriculture, University of Tasmania , 13 St. Johns Avenue, New Town, Tasmania 7008, Australia.
authors.forename: Mark A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Balendres
authors.affiliation: Central Science Laboratory, University of Tasmania , Private Bag 74, Hobart, Tasmania 7001, Australia.
authors.forename: David S
authors.initials: DS
authors.lastname: Nichols
authors.affiliation: New Town Research Laboratories, Tasmanian Institute of Agriculture, University of Tasmania , 13 St. Johns Avenue, New Town, Tasmania 7008, Australia.
authors.forename: Robert S
authors.initials: RS
authors.lastname: Tegg
authors.affiliation: New Town Research Laboratories, Tasmanian Institute of Agriculture, University of Tasmania , 13 St. Johns Avenue, New Town, Tasmania 7008, Australia.
authors.forename: Calum R
authors.initials: CR
authors.lastname: Wilson
mesh_terms: D002853:Chromatography, Liquid / Q000379:methods; D054884:Host-Pathogen Interactions; D013058:Mass Spectrometry / Q000379:methods; D055442:Metabolome; D053147:Plant Exudates / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism / Q000494:pharmacology*; D018517:Plant Roots / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000382:microbiology; D056909:Plasmodiophorida / Q000187:drug effects / Q000472:pathogenicity* / Q000502:physiology; D011198:Solanum tuberosum / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000382:microbiology; D033761:Spores, Protozoan / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000472:pathogenicity / Q000502:physiology
chemical_list: D053147:Plant Exudates
keywords: HILIC UPLC-MS; Plasmodiophorid; metabolomics; powdery scab; root infection; zoospore release