title: Evaluation of anionic surfactant removal in anaerobic reactor with Fe(III) supplementation.
abstract: The objective of this study was to evaluate the removal of linear alkylbenzene sulfonate (LAS) associated with Fe(III) supplementation using an expanded granular sludge bed (EGSB) reactor. The reactor was inoculated with a granular sludge and fed with synthetic wastewater containing a specific LAS load rate (SLLR) of 1.5 mg gVS-1d-1(∼16.4 mgLAS L-1influent) and supplied with 7276 μMol L-1of Fe(III). The biomasses from the inoculum and at the end of the EGSB-Fe operation (127 days) were characterized using 16S rRNA Ion Tag sequencing. An increase of 20% in the removal efficiency was observed compared to reactors without Fe(III) supplementation that was reported in the literature, and the LAS removal was approximately 84%. The Fe(III) reduction was dissimilatory (the total iron concentration in the influent and effluent were similar) and reached approximately 64%. The higher Fe(III) reduction and LAS removal were corroborated by the enrichment of genera, such as Shewanella (only EGSB-Fe - 0.5%) and Geobacter (1% - inoculum; 18% - EGSB-Fe). Furthermore, the enrichment of genera that degrade LAS and/or aromatic compounds (3.8% - inoculum; 29.6% - EGSB-Fe of relative abundance) was observed for a total of 20 different genera.
authors.affiliation: Microbial Resources Division, Research Center for Chemistry, Biology and Agriculture (CPQBA), Campinas University - UNICAMP, CP 6171, Campinas, SP, CEP 13081-970, Brazil. Electronic address: tiago.palladino@gmail.com.
authors.forename: T P
authors.initials: TP
authors.lastname: Delforno
authors.affiliation: University of Campinas (UNICAMP), School of Technology, Division of Technology in Environment Sanitation, Limeira, SP, CEP 13484-332, Brazil. Electronic address: dagokada@gmail.com.
authors.forename: D Y
authors.initials: DY
authors.lastname: Okada
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Biological Processes, Department of Hydraulics and Sanitation, Engineering School of São Carlos - University of São Paulo (EESC - USP) Campus II, São Carlos, SP, CEP 13563-120, Brazil. Electronic address: claraquimicaindustrial@gmail.com.
authors.forename: C V
authors.initials: CV
authors.lastname: Faria
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Biological Processes, Department of Hydraulics and Sanitation, Engineering School of São Carlos - University of São Paulo (EESC - USP) Campus II, São Carlos, SP, CEP 13563-120, Brazil. Electronic address: varesche@sc.usp.br.
authors.forename: M B A
authors.initials: MBA
authors.lastname: Varesche
mesh_terms: D017738:Alkanesulfonic Acids / Q000737:chemistry / Q000302:isolation & purification* / Q000378:metabolism; D000693:Anaerobiosis; D018533:Biomass; D019149:Bioreactors / Q000382:microbiology*; D045302:Geobacter / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D007501:Iron / Q000737:chemistry; D059013:Microbial Consortia / Q000235:genetics; D012336:RNA, Ribosomal, 16S / Q000235:genetics; D012722:Sewage; D020592:Shewanella / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D013501:Surface-Active Agents / Q000302:isolation & purification* / Q000378:metabolism; D014865:Waste Disposal, Fluid / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods*; D062065:Wastewater / Q000737:chemistry
chemical_list: D017738:Alkanesulfonic Acids; D007501:Iron; D012336:RNA, Ribosomal, 16S; D012722:Sewage; D013501:Surface-Active Agents; D062065:Wastewater; C030641:alkylbenzyl sulfonic acid
keywords: 16S rRNA ion tag sequencing; Expanded granular sludge bed – EGSB; Fe-reducing microorganisms; Linear alkylbenzene sulfonate