title: Taxa of the Nasal Microbiome Are Associated with Influenza-Specific IgA Response to Live Attenuated Influenza Vaccine.
abstract: Live attenuated influenza vaccine (LAIV) has demonstrated varying levels of efficacy against seasonal influenza; however, LAIV may be used as a tool to measure interactions between the human microbiome and a live, replicating virus. To increase our knowledge of this interaction, we measured changes to the nasal microbiome in subjects who received LAIV to determine if associations between influenza-specific IgA production and the nasal microbiome exist after immunization with a live virus vaccine. The anterior nares of 47 healthy subjects were swabbed pre- (Day 0) and post- (Days 7 and 28) LAIV administration, and nasal washes were conducted on Days 0 and 28. We performed next-generation sequencing on amplified 16s rRNA genes and measured mucosal influenza-specific IgA titers via enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). A significant increase in alpha diversity was identified (Observed, CHAO, and ACE) between Days 7 vs 0 (p-values = 0.017, 0.005, 0.005, respectively) and between Days 28 vs 0 (p-values = 0.054, 0.030, 0.050, respectively). Several significant associations between the presence of different microbial species, including Lactobacillus helveticus, Prevotella melaninogenica, Streptococcus infantis, Veillonella dispar, and Bacteroides ovatus, and influenza-specific H1 and H3 IgA antibody response were demonstrated. These data suggest that LAIV alters the nasal microbiome, allowing several less-abundant OTUs to establish a community niche. Additionally, specific alterations in the nasal microbiome are significantly associated with variations in influenza-specific IgA antibody production and could be clinically relevant.
authors.affiliation: Mayo Vaccine Research Group, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, 55905, United States of America.
authors.forename: Hannah M
authors.initials: HM
authors.lastname: Salk
authors.affiliation: Mayo Vaccine Research Group, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, 55905, United States of America.
authors.forename: Whitney L
authors.initials: WL
authors.lastname: Simon
authors.affiliation: Mayo Vaccine Research Group, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, 55905, United States of America.
authors.forename: Nathaniel D
authors.initials: ND
authors.lastname: Lambert
authors.affiliation: Mayo Vaccine Research Group, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, 55905, United States of America.
authors.forename: Richard B
authors.initials: RB
authors.lastname: Kennedy
authors.affiliation: Division of Biostatistics, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, 55905, United States of America.
authors.forename: Diane E
authors.initials: DE
authors.lastname: Grill
authors.affiliation: Division of Biostatistics, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, 55905, United States of America.
authors.forename: Brian F
authors.initials: BF
authors.lastname: Kabat
authors.affiliation: Mayo Vaccine Research Group, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, 55905, United States of America.
authors.forename: Gregory A
authors.initials: GA
authors.lastname: Poland
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000914:Antibodies, Viral / Q000276:immunology; D001419:Bacteria / Q000145:classification / Q000276:immunology*; D005260:Female; D019267:Hemagglutinin Glycoproteins, Influenza Virus / Q000276:immunology; D006801:Humans; D007070:Immunoglobulin A / Q000276:immunology*; D009980:Influenza A virus / Q000276:immunology*; D007252:Influenza Vaccines / Q000276:immunology*; D007251:Influenza, Human / Q000276:immunology / Q000382:microbiology / Q000517:prevention & control*; D008297:Male; D064307:Microbiota; D009296:Nasal Cavity / Q000382:microbiology*; D014613:Vaccines, Attenuated / Q000276:immunology*; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D000914:Antibodies, Viral; D019267:Hemagglutinin Glycoproteins, Influenza Virus; D007070:Immunoglobulin A; D007252:Influenza Vaccines; D014613:Vaccines, Attenuated