title: Hepatitis C virus infection and chronic kidney disease: Time for reappraisal.
abstract: Hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection is associated with tremendous morbidity and mortality due to liver complications. HCV infection is also associated with many extrahepatic manifestations including cardiovascular diseases, glucose metabolism impairment, cryoglobulinemia vasculitis, B cell non-Hodgkin lymphoma and chronic kidney disease (CKD). Many studies have shown a strong association between HCV and CKD, by reporting (i) an increased prevalence of HCV infection in patients on haemodialysis, (ii) an increased incidence of CKD and proteinuria in HCV-infected patients, and (iii) the development of membranoproliferative glomerulonephritis secondary to HCV-induced cryoglobulinemia vasculitis. HCV seropositivity is found to be associated with an increased relative risk for all-cause and cardiovascular mortality in the dialysis population. HCV seropositivity is linked to lower patient and graft survival after kidney transplantation. Such poor HCV-associated prognosis should have encouraged clinicians to treat HCV in CKD patients. However, due to frequent side effects and the poor efficacy of interferon-based treatments, very few HCV dialysis patients have received HCV medications until now. The emergence of new direct acting, interferon-free antiviral treatment, leading to HCV cure in most cases with a satisfactory safety profile, will shortly modify the management of HCV infection in CKD patients. In patients with a glomerular filtration rate (GFR) >30ml/min, the choice of DAA is not restricted. In those with a GFR <30 and >15ml/min, only paritaprevir/ritonavir/ombitasvir/dasabuvir or a grazoprevir plus elbasvir regimen are approved. In patients with end stage renal disease (GFR <15ml/min or dialysis), current data only allows for the use of a grazoprevir plus elbasvir combination. No doubt these data will be modified in the future with the advent of new studies including larger cohorts of HCV patients with renal impairment.
authors.affiliation: Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Université Paris 06, UMR 7211, and Inflammation-Immunopathology-Biotherapy Department (DHU i2B), F-75005 Paris, France; INSERM, UMR_S 959, F-75013 Paris, France; CNRS, FRE3632, F-75005 Paris, France; AP-HP, Groupe Hospitalier Pitié-Salpêtrière, Department of Internal Medicine and Clinical Immunology, F-75013 Paris, France. Electronic address: patrice.cacoub@aphp.fr.
authors.forename: Patrice
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Cacoub
authors.affiliation: Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Université Paris 06, UMR 7211, and Inflammation-Immunopathology-Biotherapy Department (DHU i2B), F-75005 Paris, France; INSERM, UMR_S 959, F-75013 Paris, France; CNRS, FRE3632, F-75005 Paris, France; AP-HP, Groupe Hospitalier Pitié-Salpêtrière, Department of Internal Medicine and Clinical Immunology, F-75013 Paris, France.
authors.forename: Anne Claire
authors.initials: AC
authors.lastname: Desbois
authors.affiliation: Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Université Paris 06, UMR 7211, and Inflammation-Immunopathology-Biotherapy Department (DHU i2B), F-75005 Paris, France; AP-HP, Groupe Hospitalier Pitié-Salpêtrière, Department of Nephrology, F-75013 Paris, France.
authors.forename: Corinne
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Isnard-Bagnis
authors.affiliation: Center of Research of Immunopathology and Rare Diseases, and Nephrology and Dialysis Unit. San G. Bosco Hospital and University of Turin, Italy.
authors.forename: Dario
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Rocatello
authors.affiliation: Rheumatology Unit, Medical School, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria, Policlinico di Modena, 41124 Modena, Italy.
authors.forename: Clodoveo
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Ferri
mesh_terms: D000998:Antiviral Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use; D003449:Cryoglobulinemia / Q000150:complications; D019698:Hepatitis C, Chronic / Q000150:complications* / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000453:epidemiology; D006801:Humans; D007676:Kidney Failure, Chronic / Q000150:complications / Q000503:physiopathology; D016030:Kidney Transplantation; D015995:Prevalence; D011379:Prognosis; D051436:Renal Insufficiency, Chronic / Q000150:complications* / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000601:surgery; D012307:Risk Factors
chemical_list: D000998:Antiviral Agents
keywords: Direct acting antiviral agents (DAA); Glomerulonephritis; Hepatitis C virus (HCV); Kidney disease; Kidney transplant; Treatment