title: LPS-Activated Monocytes Are Unresponsive to T4 Phage and T4-Generated Escherichia coli Lysate.
abstract: A growing body of data shows that bacteriophages can interact with different kinds of immune cells. The objective of this study was to investigate whether T4 bacteriophage and T4-generated Escherichia coli lysate affect functions of monocytes, the key population of immune cells involved in antibacterial immunity. To that end, we evaluated how T4 and E. coli lysate influence the expression of main costimulatory molecules including CD40, CD80 and CD86, TLR2, TLR4 on monocytes, as well as the production of IL-6 and IL-12 in cultures of peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs). Separate experiments were performed on unactivated and LPS-activated PBMCs cultures. Both studied preparations significantly increased the percentage of CD14(+)CD16(-)CD40(+) and CD14(+)CD16(-)CD80(+) monocytes in unactivated PBMCs cultures, as well as the concentration of IL-6 and IL-12 in culture supernates. However, neither purified T4 nor E. coli lysate had any significant effect on monocytes in LPS-activated PBMCs cultures. We conclude that LPS-activated monocytes are unresponsive to phages and products of phage-induced lysis of bacteria. This study is highly relevant to phage therapy because it suggests that in patients with infections caused by Gram-negative bacteria the administration of phage preparations to patients and lysis of bacteria by phages are not likely to overly stimulate monocytes.
authors.affiliation: Department of Immunology, Faculty of Biology, University of Warsaw Warsaw, Poland.
authors.forename: Katarzyna
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Bocian
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical Immunology, Transplantation Institute, Medical University of Warsaw Warsaw, Poland.
authors.forename: Jan
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Borysowski
authors.affiliation: Department of Immunology, Faculty of Biology, University of Warsaw Warsaw, Poland.
authors.forename: Michał
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Zarzycki
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical Immunology, Transplantation Institute, Medical University of Warsaw Warsaw, Poland.
authors.forename: Piotr
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Wierzbicki
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical Immunology, Transplantation Institute, Medical University of Warsaw Warsaw, Poland.
authors.forename: Danuta
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Kłosowska
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Bacteriophages, Ludwik Hirszfeld Institute of Immunology and Experimental Therapy, Polish Academy of Sciences Wrocław, Poland.
authors.forename: Beata
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Weber-Dąbrowska
authors.affiliation: Department of Immunology, Faculty of Biology, University of WarsawWarsaw, Poland; Department of Clinical Immunology, Transplantation Institute, Medical University of WarsawWarsaw, Poland.
authors.forename: Grażyna
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Korczak-Kowalska
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical Immunology, Transplantation Institute, Medical University of WarsawWarsaw, Poland; Laboratory of Bacteriophages, Ludwik Hirszfeld Institute of Immunology and Experimental Therapy, Polish Academy of SciencesWrocław, Poland.
authors.forename: Andrzej
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Górski
keywords: Escherichia coli; T4; bacterial lysate; bacteriophage; monocyte; phage therapy