title: ST-elevation myocardial infarction risk in the very elderly.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Despite the high incidence and mortality of ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) among the very elderly, risk markers for this condition remain poorly defined. This study was designed to identify independent markers of STEMI among individuals carefully selected for being healthy or manifesting STEMI in < 24 h.
  
  
  METHODS
  We enrolled participants aged 80 years or older of whom 50 were STEMI patients and 207 had never manifested cardiovascular diseases. Blood tests, medical and psychological evaluations were obtained at study admission. Odds Ratio (OR) and attributed risk (AR) were obtained by multivariate regression models using STEMI as dependent variable.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Low glomerular filtration rate (GFR) [OR:4.41 (1.78-10.95); p = 0.001], reduced levels of HDL-C [OR:10.70 (3.88-29.46); p = 0.001], male gender [OR:12.08 (5.82-25.08); p = 0.001], moderate to severe depressive symptoms [OR:10.00 (2.82-35.50); p = 0.001], prior smoking [OR:2.00 (1.05-3.80); p = 0.034] and current smoking [OR:6.58 (1.99-21.70); p = 0.002] were significantly associated with STEMI. No association was found between STEMI and age, diabetes, hypertension, mild depressive symptoms, triglyceride or LDL-C.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This is the first case-control study carried out with very elderlies to assess STEMI risk. Our findings indicate that reduced HDL-C, GFR, male gender, smoking habits and moderate to severe depressive symptoms are markers of STEMI in this age group.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In Individuals aged 80 or more years, a greater attention must be paid to low HDL-C and GFR at the expense of conventional STEMI risk factors for younger adults such as diabetes mellitus, hypertension and high LDL-C or triglyceride.
authors.affiliation: Cardiology Department, State University of Campinas (Unicamp), Campinas, SP, Brazil; Pharmaceutical Sciences Department, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Brasília (UnB), Brasília, DF, Brazil.
authors.forename: Alessandra M
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Campos
authors.affiliation: Cardiology Department, State University of Campinas (Unicamp), Campinas, SP, Brazil.
authors.forename: Andrea
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Placido-Sposito
authors.affiliation: Cardiology Department, State University of Campinas (Unicamp), Campinas, SP, Brazil.
authors.forename: Wladimir M
authors.initials: WM
authors.lastname: Freitas
authors.affiliation: Cardiology Department, State University of Campinas (Unicamp), Campinas, SP, Brazil.
authors.forename: Filipe A
authors.initials: FA
authors.lastname: Moura
authors.affiliation: Cardiology Department, State University of Campinas (Unicamp), Campinas, SP, Brazil.
authors.forename: Maria Elena
authors.initials: ME
authors.lastname: Guariento
authors.affiliation: Cardiology Department, State University of Campinas (Unicamp), Campinas, SP, Brazil.
authors.forename: Wilson
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Nadruz
authors.affiliation: Cardiology and Cardiovascular Sciences, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil.
authors.forename: Emilio H
authors.initials: EH
authors.lastname: Moriguchi
authors.affiliation: Cardiology Department, State University of Campinas (Unicamp), Campinas, SP, Brazil.
authors.forename: Andrei C
authors.initials: AC
authors.lastname: Sposito
keywords: ANCOVA, analysis of covariance; AR, attributable risk; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; BDI-II, Beck Depression Inventory version II; BHS, Brasília Heart Study; BSHA, Brasília Study on Healthy Aging; CK-MB, MB fraction of creatine kinase; CRP, C-reactive protein; CVD, cardiovascular disease; DBP, diastolic blood pressure; EDTA, ethylenediamine tetraacetic acid; GDS, Geriatric Depression Scale; GFR, glomerular filtration rate; HDL-C, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol; HDL-cholesterol; HbA1c, glycated hemoglobin; IQR, interquartile range; LDL-C, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol; MI, myocardial infarction; Myocardial infarction; OR, odds ratio; SBP, systolic blood pressure; SD, standard deviation; STEMI, ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction