title: [Classification of local anesthesia methods].
abstract: The traditional classification methods of dental local anesthesia must be modified. In this paper we proved that the vascular mechanism is leading component of spongy injection. It is necessary to take into account the high effectiveness and relative safety of spongy anesthesia, as well as versatility, ease of implementation and the growing prevalence in the world. The essence of the proposed modification is to distinguish the methods in diffusive (including surface anesthesia, infiltration and conductive anesthesia) and vascular-diffusive (including intraosseous, intraligamentary, intraseptal and intrapulpal anesthesia). For the last four methods the common term «spongy (intraosseous) anesthesia» may be used.
authors.affiliation: Tver State Medical Academy, Tver, Russia.
authors.forename: A Zh
authors.initials: AZ
authors.lastname: Petricas
authors.affiliation: Tver State Medical Academy, Tver, Russia.
authors.forename: D V
authors.initials: DV
authors.lastname: Medvedev
authors.affiliation: Tver State Medical Academy, Tver, Russia.
authors.forename: E B
authors.initials: EB
authors.lastname: Olkhovskaya
mesh_terms: D000316:Adrenergic alpha-Agonists / Q000008:administration & dosage; D000328:Adult; D000766:Anesthesia, Dental / Q000145:classification* / Q000379:methods*; D000772:Anesthesia, Local / Q000145:classification* / Q000379:methods*; D000779:Anesthetics, Local / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000493:pharmacokinetics*; D001808:Blood Vessels / Q000502:physiology; D003782:Dental Pulp / Q000098:blood supply*; D004837:Epinephrine / Q000008:administration & dosage; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged
chemical_list: D000316:Adrenergic alpha-Agonists; D000779:Anesthetics, Local; D004837:Epinephrine