title: Fibrous shape underlies the mutagenic and carcinogenic potential of nanosilver while surface chemistry affects the biosafety of iron oxide nanoparticles.
abstract: Nowadays engineered nanomaterials (ENMs) are increasingly used in a wide range of commercial products and biomedical applications. Despite this, the knowledge of human potential health risk as well as comprehensive biological and toxicological information is still limited. We have investigated the capacity of two frequently used metallic ENMs, nanosilver and magnetite nanoparticles (MNPs), to induce thymidine kinase (Tk+/-) mutations in L5178Y mouse lymphoma cells and transformed foci in Bhas 42 cells. Two types of nanosilver, spherical nanoparticles (AgNM300) and fibrous (AgNM302) nanorods/wires, and MNPs differing in surface modifications [MNPs coated with sodium oleate (SO-MNPs), MNPs coated with SO + polyethylene glycol (SO-PEG-MNPs) and MNPs coated with SO + PEG + poly(lactide-co-glycolic acid) SO-PEG-PLGA-MNPs] were included in this study. Spherical AgNM300 showed neither mutagenic nor carcinogenic potential. In contrast, silver nanorods/wires (AgNM302) increased significantly the number of both gene mutations and transformed foci compared with the control (untreated) cells. Under the same treatment conditions, neither SO-MNPs nor SO-PEG-PLGA-MNPs increased the mutant frequency compared with control cells though an equivocal mutagenic effect was estimated for SO-PEG-MNPs. Although SO-MNPs and SO-PEG-MNPs did not show any carcinogenic potential, SO-PEG-PLGA-MNPs increased concentration dependently the number of transformed foci in Bhas 42 cells compared with the control cells. Our results revealed that fibrous shape underlies the mutagenic and carcinogenic potential of nanosilver while surface chemistry affects the biosafety of MNPs. Considering that both nanosilver and MNPs are prospective ENMs for biomedical applications, further toxicological evaluations are warranted to assess comprehensively the biosafety of these nanomaterials.
authors.affiliation: Department of Genetics, Cancer Research Institute, Biomedical Research Center SAS, Dúbravská cesta 9, 845 05 Bratislava, Slovakia, alena.gabelova@savba.sk.
authors.forename: Alena
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Gábelová
authors.affiliation: NILU-Norwegian Institute for Air Research, Instituttveien 18, 2007 Kjeller, Norway.
authors.forename: Naouale
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: El Yamani
authors.affiliation: University of Navarra, C/Irunlarrea 1, 310 08 Pamplona, Spain.
authors.forename: Tamara Iglesias
authors.initials: TI
authors.lastname: Alonso
authors.affiliation: Department of Genetics, Cancer Research Institute, Biomedical Research Center SAS, Dúbravská cesta 9, 845 05 Bratislava, Slovakia.
authors.forename: Barbora
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Buliaková
authors.affiliation: Department of Genetics, Cancer Research Institute, Biomedical Research Center SAS, Dúbravská cesta 9, 845 05 Bratislava, Slovakia.
authors.forename: Annamária
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Srančíková
authors.affiliation: Department of Genetics, Cancer Research Institute, Biomedical Research Center SAS, Dúbravská cesta 9, 845 05 Bratislava, Slovakia.
authors.forename: Andrea
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Bábelová
authors.affiliation: NILU-Norwegian Institute for Air Research, Instituttveien 18, 2007 Kjeller, Norway.
authors.forename: Elise Runden
authors.initials: ER
authors.lastname: Pran
authors.affiliation: NILU-Norwegian Institute for Air Research, Instituttveien 18, 2007 Kjeller, Norway.
authors.forename: Lise Marie
authors.initials: LM
authors.lastname: Fjellsbø
authors.affiliation: NILU-Norwegian Institute for Air Research, Instituttveien 18, 2007 Kjeller, Norway.|Department of Biomaterials, Institute of Clinical Odontology, Årstadveien 19, 5009 Bergen, Norway and.
authors.forename: Elisabeth
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Elje
authors.affiliation: NILU-Norwegian Institute for Air Research, Instituttveien 18, 2007 Kjeller, Norway.
authors.forename: Mazyar
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Yazdani
authors.affiliation: National Institute of Health Dr. Ricardo Jorge (INSA), Av. Padre Cruz, 1649-016 Lisbon, Portugal.
authors.forename: Maria João
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Silva
authors.affiliation: NILU-Norwegian Institute for Air Research, Instituttveien 18, 2007 Kjeller, Norway.
authors.forename: Mária
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Dušinská
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002273:Carcinogens / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000633:toxicity; D005290:Ferric Compounds / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000633:toxicity; D053768:Metal Nanoparticles / Q000737:chemistry / Q000633:toxicity*; D051379:Mice; D009152:Mutagenicity Tests; D009153:Mutagens / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000633:toxicity; D009154:Mutation; D012834:Silver / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000633:toxicity*; D013937:Thymidine Kinase / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000235:genetics
chemical_list: D002273:Carcinogens; D005290:Ferric Compounds; D009153:Mutagens; C000499:ferric oxide; D012834:Silver; D013937:Thymidine Kinase