title: Cyto-genotoxicity and oxidative stress induced by zinc oxide nanoparticle in human lymphocyte cells in vitro and Swiss albino male mice in vivo.
abstract: ZnO-np has immense potential and application in cosmetic and health care sectors. Hence it was imperative to assess the toxicity/safety of these nanoparticles. In this study, we have evaluated the effects of ZnO-np in human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) in vitro and in Swiss albino male mice in vivo for cyto-genotoxicity and oxidative damage. In vitro results showed that ZnO-nps were weakly genotoxic, induced significant decrease in mitochondrial membrane potential and was capable of ROS generation, leading to apoptosis. In bone marrow cells in vivo, reduction of mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP), increased oxidative stress and G0/G1 cell cycle arrest was observed along with chromosome aberrations and micronuclei formation. In liver cells DNA damage and induction of oxidative stress with concurrent decrease in inhibition of antioxidant enzymes were noted. These in vitro and in vivo results demonstrated that ZnO-np induced genotoxic response and ROS production leading to apoptotic cell death and established a good co-relation between the two biological systems. More importantly, the results stress on the need of multiple endpoint assay-approaches, with an in vitro-in vivo study design to assess nanoparticle toxicology.
authors.affiliation: Cell Biology and Genetic Toxicology Laboratory, CAS- Department of Botany, University of Calcutta, Kolkata, India; Centre for Research in Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, University of Calcutta, India. Electronic address: gmanosij@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Manosij
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Ghosh
authors.affiliation: Cell Biology and Genetic Toxicology Laboratory, CAS- Department of Botany, University of Calcutta, Kolkata, India.
authors.forename: Sonali
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Sinha
authors.affiliation: Cell Biology and Genetic Toxicology Laboratory, CAS- Department of Botany, University of Calcutta, Kolkata, India.
authors.forename: Manivannan
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Jothiramajayam
authors.affiliation: Cell Biology and Genetic Toxicology Laboratory, CAS- Department of Botany, University of Calcutta, Kolkata, India.
authors.forename: Aditi
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Jana
authors.affiliation: Cell Biology and Genetic Toxicology Laboratory, CAS- Department of Botany, University of Calcutta, Kolkata, India.
authors.forename: Anish
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Nag
authors.affiliation: Cell Biology and Genetic Toxicology Laboratory, CAS- Department of Botany, University of Calcutta, Kolkata, India; Centre for Research in Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, University of Calcutta, India. Electronic address: anitamukherjee28@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Anita
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Mukherjee
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000975:Antioxidants / Q000378:metabolism; D017209:Apoptosis / Q000187:drug effects*; D001853:Bone Marrow / Q000187:drug effects / Q000473:pathology*; D002869:Chromosome Aberrations / Q000187:drug effects; D004249:DNA Damage / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000235:genetics; D003879:Dermatologic Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000633:toxicity; D006801:Humans; D066298:In Vitro Techniques; D008214:Lymphocytes / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism; D008297:Male; D053078:Membrane Potential, Mitochondrial / Q000187:drug effects; D053768:Metal Nanoparticles / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D051379:Mice; D010084:Oxidation-Reduction; D018384:Oxidative Stress / Q000187:drug effects*; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species / Q000378:metabolism; D015034:Zinc Oxide / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000633:toxicity*
chemical_list: D000975:Antioxidants; D003879:Dermatologic Agents; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species; D015034:Zinc Oxide
keywords: Apoptosis; Cell cycle; DNA damage; Nanotoxicology; ROS