title: Flux and permanence of risk perceptions: Tourists' perception of the relative and absolute risk for various destinations.
abstract: The present investigation is a cross-sectional, multi-national, quantitative, and quasi-experimental comparison of tourists' risk perceptions regarding different destinations throughout the past decade. Over 10,000 tourists to Norway from 89 different countries filled in a questionnaire rating the perceived risk for various destinations. Data were collected during 2004, 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013 and 2015 and allow for a comparison of perceived risk across time, place and nationality. Results show that while absolute risk judgments for different destinations fluctuate somewhat over the years, relative risk judgments remain constant. Findings also reveal a "home-is-safer-then-abroad-bias" with tourists consistently perceiving their home country among the safest destinations. The current investigation is rare because it looks at more than one destination at a time. Insights gained from the present findings diverge from what would have been concluded from employing case studies, that is, looking at one destination at a time.
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychosocial Sciences, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway. katharina.wolff@psysp.uib.no.
authors.forename: Katharina
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Wolff
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychosocial Sciences, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway.|University of Stavanger, Norwegian School of Hotel Management, Norway.
authors.forename: Svein
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Larsen
mesh_terms: D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D006801:Humans; D009664:Norway; D010465:Perception; D012306:Risk; D012309:Risk-Taking; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D014195:Travel
keywords: Risk perception; quasi experiment; relative risk; terrorism; “home is safer than abroad” bias