title: Vitrification of in vitro-produced and in vivo-recovered equine blastocysts in a clinical program.
abstract: There is a clinical demand for cryopreservation of both in vivo-recovered and in vitro-produced (IVP) equine embryos. We previously reported successful vitrification of expanded equine blastocysts in fine-diameter microloader pipette tips (MPTs) after blastocoel collapse, in a research setting. Here, we report the results of clinical application of the MPT vitrification technique for both in vivo-recovered and IVP blastocysts. In vivo-recovered blastocysts were obtained by referring veterinarians on Days 6 to 8 after ovulation, and shipped 1 to 10 hours to the laboratory before vitrification. IVP blastocysts (<300 μm in diameter) were produced by intracytoplasmic sperm injection and in vitro embryo culture. All vitrified-warmed embryos were shipped (0.5-12 hours) for transfer to recipient mares. In experiment 1, 47 IVP embryos from our clinical intracytoplasmic sperm injection program were vitrified using the MPT and transferred. The rates of initial pregnancy (59%) and foaling (45%) were equivalent to those for 52 IVP embryos from the same mare aspiration sessions and shipped for the same duration but transferred fresh (75% and 45%, respectively). The pregnancy and foaling rates for in vivo-recovered embryos were 76 and 71%, respectively for 17 small blastocysts (<300 μm in diameter), and 55 and 45%, respectively for 11 large blastocysts (303-608 μm in diameter, collapsed before vitrification; P > 0.1). In experiment 2, the MPT was cut lengthwise to form an open vitrification device, designated "Sujo". Research IVP blastocysts were vitrified at 1, 2, or 3 embryos per Sujo (n = 34 embryos), or singly on a commercial open device (Cryolock; n = 11). After warming, 97% and 91% of embryos, respectively, grew in culture. Similarly, culture of two in vivo-recovered large blastocysts after collapse and vitrification on Sujos both resulted in embryo growth. However, transfer of four in vivo-recovered expanded blastocysts after collapse, vitrification on Sujos, and warming resulted in only one foal. These data indicate that vitrification of equine IVP embryos and small in vivo-recovered embryos is efficient under clinical conditions. Collapse and vitrification of in vivo-recovered large blastocysts in MPT under our clinical conditions resulted in a 45% foaling rate. While numbers are low, use of an open vitrification system did not appear to improve results for these embryos.
authors.affiliation: Department of Veterinary Physiology & Pharmacology, College of Veterinary Medicine & Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas, USA. Electronic address: yhchoi@cvm.tamu.edu.
authors.forename: Young-Ho
authors.initials: YH
authors.lastname: Choi
authors.affiliation: Department of Veterinary Physiology & Pharmacology, College of Veterinary Medicine & Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas, USA.
authors.forename: Katrin
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Hinrichs
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001755:Blastocyst / Q000502:physiology*; D015925:Cryopreservation / Q000662:veterinary*; D005260:Female; D005307:Fertilization in Vitro / Q000662:veterinary; D006736:Horses / Q000196:embryology*; D009865:Oocytes; D020858:Tissue and Organ Harvesting / Q000662:veterinary*; D058989:Vitrification
keywords: Embryo; Equine; Open device; Vitrification