title: Modeling infectious diseases and host-microbe interactions in gastrointestinal organoids.
abstract: Advances in stem cell research have allowed the development of 3-dimensional (3D) primary cell cultures termed organoid cultures, as they closely mimic the in vivo organization of different cell lineages. Bridging the gap between 2-dimensional (2D) monotypic cancer cell lines and whole organisms, organoids are now widely applied to model development and disease. Organoids hold immense promise for addressing novel questions in host-microbe interactions, infectious diseases and the resulting inflammatory conditions. Researchers have started to use organoids for modeling infection with pathogens, such as Helicobacter pylori or Salmonella enteritica, gut-microbiota interactions and inflammatory bowel disease. Future studies will broaden the spectrum of microbes used and continue to establish organoids as a standard model for human host-microbial interactions. Moreover, they will increasingly exploit the unique advantages of organoids, for example to address patient-specific responses to microbes.
authors.affiliation: Research Centre for Infectious Diseases, Institute of Molecular Infection Biology, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany. Electronic address: sina.bartfeld@uni-wuerzburg.de.
authors.forename: Sina
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Bartfeld
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D005767:Gastrointestinal Diseases / Q000382:microbiology; D000069196:Gastrointestinal Microbiome; D041981:Gastrointestinal Tract / Q000254:growth & development / Q000382:microbiology* / Q000502:physiology; D016480:Helicobacter pylori / Q000472:pathogenicity; D054884:Host-Pathogen Interactions / Q000502:physiology; D006801:Humans; D015212:Inflammatory Bowel Diseases / Q000382:microbiology; D008954:Models, Biological; D009924:Organ Culture Techniques; D009940:Organoids / Q000254:growth & development / Q000382:microbiology* / Q000502:physiology; D051192:Receptors, Pattern Recognition / Q000502:physiology; D023822:Tissue Engineering
chemical_list: D051192:Receptors, Pattern Recognition
keywords: Gastrointestinal disease; Helicobacter; Inflammatory bowel disease; Microbiota; Norovirus; Organoid culture; Rotavirus; Salmonella