title: Effect of single and combination of three triazine metabolites at environmental concentrations on early life stages of common carp (Cyprinus carpio L.).
abstract: The sensitivity of early life stages of common carp (Cyprinus carpio L.) to chronic exposure to single and combined environmental concentrations of the triazine metabolites terbuthylazine 2-hydroxy, terbuthylazine-desethyl and atrazine 2-hydroxy was evaluated under laboratory conditions. Their effects were assessed on lipid peroxidation, antioxidant enzymes (total superoxide dismutase, glutathione reductase, catalase, glutathione S-transferase, reduced glutathione), mortality, growth, development and histology. Single metabolites (terbuthylazine 2-hydroxy-0.73 μg/L; terbuthylazine-desethyl-1.80 μg/L; atrazine 2-hydroxy-0.66 μg/L) and combinations were not associated with negative effects on hatching, behaviour, embryo viability, growth or early ontogeny. Carp exposed to terbuthylazine-desethyl at 1.80 μg/L showed significantly lower total superoxide dismutase and glutathione reductase activity compared with the control group. Liver histology revealed diffused steatosis associated with the presence of lipid inclusions in hepatic cells in groups exposed to terbuthylazine-desethyl, atrazine 2-hydroxy and the tested combination of metabolites.
authors.affiliation: Research Institute of Fish Culture and Hydrobiology, South Bohemian Research Center of Aquaculture and Biodiversity of Hydrocenoses, Faculty of Fisheries and Protection of Waters, University of South Bohemia in Ceske Budejovice, Zatisi 728/II, 389 25, Vodnany, Czech Republic. velisek@frov.jcu.cz.
authors.forename: Josef
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Velisek
authors.affiliation: Research Institute of Fish Culture and Hydrobiology, South Bohemian Research Center of Aquaculture and Biodiversity of Hydrocenoses, Faculty of Fisheries and Protection of Waters, University of South Bohemia in Ceske Budejovice, Zatisi 728/II, 389 25, Vodnany, Czech Republic.
authors.forename: Alzbeta
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Stara
authors.affiliation: Research Institute of Fish Culture and Hydrobiology, South Bohemian Research Center of Aquaculture and Biodiversity of Hydrocenoses, Faculty of Fisheries and Protection of Waters, University of South Bohemia in Ceske Budejovice, Zatisi 728/II, 389 25, Vodnany, Czech Republic.
authors.forename: Eliska
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Zuskova
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000975:Antioxidants / Q000378:metabolism; D001280:Atrazine / Q000378:metabolism / Q000633:toxicity; D002347:Carps / Q000196:embryology / Q000378:metabolism*; D002374:Catalase / Q000378:metabolism; D004625:Embryo, Nonmammalian / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000201:enzymology / Q000378:metabolism; D005978:Glutathione / Q000378:metabolism; D005980:Glutathione Reductase / Q000378:metabolism; D005982:Glutathione Transferase / Q000378:metabolism; D006540:Herbicides / Q000378:metabolism / Q000633:toxicity*; D015227:Lipid Peroxidation / Q000187:drug effects; D008099:Liver / Q000187:drug effects / Q000196:embryology / Q000473:pathology; D018384:Oxidative Stress / Q000187:drug effects*; D013482:Superoxide Dismutase / Q000378:metabolism; D017392:Thiobarbituric Acid Reactive Substances / Q000378:metabolism; D014227:Triazines / Q000378:metabolism / Q000633:toxicity*; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical / Q000378:metabolism / Q000633:toxicity*
chemical_list: D000975:Antioxidants; D006540:Herbicides; D017392:Thiobarbituric Acid Reactive Substances; D014227:Triazines; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical; D002374:Catalase; D013482:Superoxide Dismutase; D005980:Glutathione Reductase; D005982:Glutathione Transferase; D005978:Glutathione; C037565:terbutylazine; D001280:Atrazine
keywords: Antioxidant enzymes; Atrazine 2-hydroxy; Fish; Terbuthylazine 2-hydroxy; Terbuthylazine-desethyl