title: Factors associated with smoking among tuberculosis patients in Spain.
abstract: To determine the prevalence of smoking and analyze associated factors in a cohort of patients diagnosed with tuberculosis (TB) in Spain between 2006 and 2013.
  
  
  
  Multicenter, cross-sectional, descriptive, observational study using a national database of TB patients, using logistic regression to calculate odds ratios (OR) and confidence intervals (CI).
  
  
  
  We analyzed 5,846 cases (62 % men, mean age 39 years, 33 % foreigners). 23.4 % were alcohol abuser, 1.3 % were injected drug users (IDU), 4.6 % were co-infected with HIV, and 7.5 % had a history of TB treatment. 6.6 % and 0.8 % showed resistance to one and multiple drugs, respectively. The predominant clinical presentation was pulmonary (71 %) with a cavitary radiological pattern in 32.8 % of cases. 82 % of cases were confirmed microbiologically, and 54 % were smear-positive microscopy. 2,300 (39.3 %) patients were smokers. The following factors were associated with smoking: male sex (OR = 2.26;CI:1.97;2.60), Spanish origin (OR = 2.79;CI:2.40-3.24), alcoholism (OR = 2.85;CI:2.46;3.31), IDU (OR = 2.78;CI:1.48;5.52), homelessness (OR = 1.99;CI:1.14-3.57), pulmonary TB (OR = 1.61;CI:1.16;2.24), cavitary radiological pattern (OR = 1.99;CI:1.43;2.79) and a smear-positive microscopy at the time of diagnosis (OR = 1.39;CI:1.14;1.17).
  
  
  
  The prevalence of smoking among TB patients is high. Smokers with TB have a distinct sociodemographic, clinical, radiological and microbiological profile to non-smokers.
authors.affiliation: Unidad de Tuberculosis Valle de Hebrón-Drassanes. Programa Especial de Enfermedades Infecciosas, Hospital Universitario Valle de Hebrón, Av Drassanes, 17-21, 08001, Barcelona, Spain. m.jimenez@vhebron.net.|Programa Integrado de Investigación en Tuberculosis (PII TB) de la Sociedad Española de Neumología y Cirugía Torácica (SEPAR), Barcelona, Spain. m.jimenez@vhebron.net.|Unidad de Investigación de Tuberculosis de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain. m.jimenez@vhebron.net.
authors.forename: María Ángeles
authors.initials: MÁ
authors.lastname: Jiménez-Fuentes
authors.affiliation: Programa Integrado de Investigación en Tuberculosis (PII TB) de la Sociedad Española de Neumología y Cirugía Torácica (SEPAR), Barcelona, Spain.|Unidad de Investigación de Tuberculosis de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.|Fundación Respira de la SEPAR, Barcelona, Spain.|Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain.
authors.forename: Teresa
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Rodrigo
authors.affiliation: Programa Integrado de Investigación en Tuberculosis (PII TB) de la Sociedad Española de Neumología y Cirugía Torácica (SEPAR), Barcelona, Spain.|Unidad de Investigación de Tuberculosis de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.|Serveis Clínics S.A., Barcelona, Spain.
authors.forename: María Neus
authors.initials: MN
authors.lastname: Altet
authors.affiliation: Unidad Especializada de Tabaquismo de la Comunidad de Madrid, Madrid, Spain.
authors.forename: Carlos A
authors.initials: CA
authors.lastname: Jiménez-Ruiz
authors.affiliation: Programa Integrado de Investigación en Tuberculosis (PII TB) de la Sociedad Española de Neumología y Cirugía Torácica (SEPAR), Barcelona, Spain.|Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain.|Servicio de Epidemiología de la Agencia de Salud Pública de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.
authors.forename: Martí
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Casals
authors.affiliation: Programa Integrado de Investigación en Tuberculosis (PII TB) de la Sociedad Española de Neumología y Cirugía Torácica (SEPAR), Barcelona, Spain.|Hospital Lucus Augusti, Lugo, Spain.
authors.forename: Antón
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Penas
authors.affiliation: Programa Integrado de Investigación en Tuberculosis (PII TB) de la Sociedad Española de Neumología y Cirugía Torácica (SEPAR), Barcelona, Spain.|Hospital Son Llàtzer, Palma de Mallorca, Spain.
authors.forename: Isabel
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Mir
authors.affiliation: Hospital Gregorio Marañón, Madrid, Spain.
authors.forename: Segismundo
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Solano Reina
authors.affiliation: Complejo Hospitalario de Cáceres, Cáceres, Spain.|Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Respiratorias (CIBERES), Madrid, Spain.
authors.forename: Juan Antonio
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Riesco-Miranda
authors.affiliation: Programa Integrado de Investigación en Tuberculosis (PII TB) de la Sociedad Española de Neumología y Cirugía Torácica (SEPAR), Barcelona, Spain.|Unidad de Investigación de Tuberculosis de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.|Fundación Respira de la SEPAR, Barcelona, Spain.|Servicio de Epidemiología de la Agencia de Salud Pública de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.|Departamento de Salud Pública, Universitat Autónoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.
authors.forename: Joan A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Caylá
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000437:Alcoholism / Q000453:epidemiology; D060085:Coinfection / Q000453:epidemiology; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D055030:Drug Users; D054242:Emigrants and Immigrants; D005260:Female; D006703:Ill-Housed Persons / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D006801:Humans; D016015:Logistic Models; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D016017:Odds Ratio; D012907:Smoking / Q000453:epidemiology*; D013030:Spain / Q000453:epidemiology; D014397:Tuberculosis, Pulmonary / Q000453:epidemiology*; D055815:Young Adult
keywords: Predictors; Prevention; Smoking; Tuberculosis