title: Oxygen availability and metabolic adaptations.
abstract: Oxygen availability, along with the abundance of nutrients (such as glucose, glutamine, lipids and albumin), fluctuates significantly during tumour evolution and the recruitment of blood vessels, leukocytes and reactive fibroblasts to complex tumour microenvironments. As such, hypoxia and concomitant nutrient scarcity affect large gene expression programmes, signalling pathways, diverse metabolic reactions and various stress responses. This Review summarizes our current understanding of how these adaptations are integrated in hypoxic tumour cells and their role in disease progression.
authors.affiliation: Abramson Family Cancer Research Institute, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania.|Department of Cancer Biology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania.
authors.forename: Michael S
authors.initials: MS
authors.lastname: Nakazawa
authors.affiliation: Abramson Family Cancer Research Institute, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania.|Department of Cancer Biology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania.
authors.forename: Brian
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Keith
authors.affiliation: Abramson Family Cancer Research Institute, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania.|Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, 456 BRB II/III, 421 Curie Boulevard, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA.
authors.forename: M Celeste
authors.initials: MC
authors.lastname: Simon
mesh_terms: D000222:Adaptation, Physiological; D006801:Humans; D009369:Neoplasms / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000503:physiopathology; D010100:Oxygen / Q000378:metabolism*; D059016:Tumor Microenvironment
chemical_list: D010100:Oxygen