title: [Burden of disease attributable to high- sodium diets in China, 2013].
abstract: Objective:To examine the burden of disease(BOD)attributable to high-sodium diets in China in 2013.Methods:Data were extracted from the 2013 Global Burden of Disease Study for China to examine the BOD attributable to high-sodium diets in 2013, gender, and disease composition. Measurements for attributable BOD were population attributable fraction(PAF), deaths, standardized mortality and disability-adjusted life years(DALY)(not including Taiwan, China). An average world population age-structure for the period 2000-2025 was adopted to calculate age-standardized rates.Results:In 2013, deaths attributable to high-sodium diets accounted for 12.6% of all deaths and 14.5% of chronic disease deaths. Overall, 7.8% of deaths because of neoplasms, 25.2% of cardiovascular disease deaths, and 22.9% of chronic kidney disease deaths were attributable to high-sodium diets. A total of 1 176 553 deaths were attributable to high-sodium diets and the standardized mortality was 91.5/100 000, which was higher in men than in women(121.7/100 000 and 63.0/100 000, respectively). Overall, 22.759 million DALYs were attributable to high-sodium diets. The DALY standardized rate was 1 588.0/100 000, which was higher in men than in women(2 189.7/100 000 and 993.2/100 000, respectively). When compared by province, PAF in Xinjiang(25.0%), Qinghai(23.7%), Shanxi(23.2%), Tibet(22.1%)and Shandong(20.5%)was higher than other provinces. The standardized mortality in Xinjiang(239.4/100 000), Qinghai(238.9/100 000), Tibet(221.7/100 000), Shanxi(166.2/100 000)and Hebei(149.9/100 000)were higher than other provinces. The DALY standardized rate attributable to high-sodium diets was highest in Xinjiang(4 430.8/100 000), Qinghai(4 422.5/100 000), Tibet(4 021.4/100 000), Shanxi(2 816.6/100 000), and Hebei(2 624.9/100 000).Conclusion:The BOD attributable to high-sodium diets is a serious issue in China, particularly in men and in the northern provinces. Effective measures should be taken in northern provinces to reduce sodium intake.
authors.affiliation: National Center for Chronic and Noncommunicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing 100050, China.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.forename: Y C
authors.initials: YC
authors.lastname: Li
authors.forename: S W
authors.initials: SW
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.forename: L J
authors.initials: LJ
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Y N
authors.initials: YN
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Yin
authors.forename: J M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.forename: J L
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: You
authors.forename: M G
authors.initials: MG
authors.lastname: Zhou
mesh_terms: D044466:Asian People; D002318:Cardiovascular Diseases / Q000208:ethnology / Q000401:mortality*; D002681:China / Q000453:epidemiology; D002908:Chronic Disease / Q000208:ethnology*; D017281:Cost of Illness; D004032:Diet; D006233:Persons with Disabilities; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D019057:Quality-Adjusted Life Years; D012982:Sodium, Dietary / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects*
chemical_list: D012982:Sodium, Dietary