title: The Relationship between Branched-Chain Amino Acid Related Metabolomic Signature and Insulin Resistance: A Systematic Review.
abstract: Recent studies have shown the positive association between increased circulating BCAAs (valine, leucine, and isoleucine) and insulin resistance (IR) in obese or diabetic patients. However, results seem to be controversial in different races, diets, and distinct tissues. Our aims were to evaluate the relationship between BCAA and IR as well as later diabetes risk and explore the phenotypic and genetic factors influencing BCAA level based on available studies. We performed systematic review, searching MEDLINE, EMASE, ClinicalTrials.gov, the Cochrane Library, and Web of Science from inception to March 2016. After selection, 23 studies including 20,091 participants were included. Based on current evidence, we found that BCAA is a useful biomarker for early detection of IR and later diabetic risk. Factors influencing BCAA level can be divided into four parts: race, gender, dietary patterns, and gene variants. These factors might not only contribute to the elevated BCAA level but also show obvious associations with insulin resistance. Genes related to BCAA catabolism might serve as potential targets for the treatment of IR associated metabolic disorders. Moreover, these factors should be controlled properly during study design and data analysis. In the future, more large-scale studies with elaborate design addressing BCAA and IR are required.
authors.affiliation: Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China.
authors.forename: Xue
authors.identifier: 0000-0001-8985-1861
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Zhao
authors.affiliation: Hospital of Orthopedics, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China.
authors.forename: Qing
authors.identifier: 0000-0002-1404-1562
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Han
authors.affiliation: Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China.
authors.forename: Yujia
authors.identifier: 0000-0001-9069-7507
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.affiliation: Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China.
authors.forename: Chenglin
authors.identifier: 0000-0003-0855-6954
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Sun
authors.affiliation: Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China.
authors.forename: Xiaokun
authors.identifier: 0000-0002-9463-5175
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Gang
authors.affiliation: Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China.
authors.forename: Guixia
authors.identifier: 0000-0001-8107-616X
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Wang
mesh_terms: D042942:3-Methyl-2-Oxobutanoate Dehydrogenase (Lipoamide) / Q000235:genetics; D048868:Adaptor Proteins, Signal Transducing / Q000235:genetics; D000597:Amino Acids, Branched-Chain / Q000378:metabolism*; D003920:Diabetes Mellitus / Q000378:metabolism*; D004032:Diet; D005838:Genotype; D006801:Humans; D007333:Insulin Resistance; D055442:Metabolome; D015778:Minor Histocompatibility Antigens / Q000235:genetics; D009765:Obesity / Q000378:metabolism*; D010641:Phenotype; D011257:Pregnancy Proteins / Q000235:genetics; D000071636:Protein Phosphatase 2C / Q000235:genetics; D044469:Racial Groups; D012737:Sex Factors; D000637:Transaminases / Q000235:genetics; D015431:Weight Loss
chemical_list: D048868:Adaptor Proteins, Signal Transducing; D000597:Amino Acids, Branched-Chain; C485100:GCKR protein, human; D015778:Minor Histocompatibility Antigens; D011257:Pregnancy Proteins; D042942:3-Methyl-2-Oxobutanoate Dehydrogenase (Lipoamide); C490590:BCAT1 protein, human; D000637:Transaminases; C424463:BCAT2 protein, human; C000607462:PPM1K protein, human; D000071636:Protein Phosphatase 2C