title: Pioneer factors and ATP-dependent chromatin remodeling factors interact dynamically: A new perspective: Multiple transcription factors can effect chromatin pioneer functions through dynamic interactions with ATP-dependent chromatin remodeling factors.
abstract: Transcription factor (TF) signaling regulates gene transcription and requires a complex network of proteins. This network includes co-activators, co-repressors, multiple TFs, histone-modifying complexes, and the basal transcription machinery. It has been widely appreciated that pioneer factors, such as FoxA1 and GATA1, play an important role in opening closed chromatin regions, thereby allowing binding of a secondary factor. In this review we will focus on a newly proposed model wherein multiple TFs, such as steroid receptors (SRs), can function in a pioneering role. This model, termed dynamic assisted loading, integrates data from widely divergent methodologies, including genome wide ChIP-Seq, digital genomic footprinting, DHS-Seq, live cell protein dynamics, and biochemical studies of ATP-dependent remodeling complexes, to present a real time view of TF chromatin interactions. Under this view, many TFs can act as initiating factors for chromatin landscape programming. Furthermore, enhancer and promoter states are more accurately described as energy-dependent, non-equilibrium steady states.
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Receptor Biology and Gene Expression, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA.
authors.forename: Erin E
authors.initials: EE
authors.lastname: Swinstead
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Receptor Biology and Gene Expression, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA.
authors.forename: Ville
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Paakinaho
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Receptor Biology and Gene Expression, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA.
authors.forename: Diego M
authors.initials: DM
authors.lastname: Presman
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Receptor Biology and Gene Expression, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA. hagerg@exchange.nih.gov.
authors.forename: Gordon L
authors.initials: GL
authors.lastname: Hager
mesh_terms: D000255:Adenosine Triphosphate / Q000378:metabolism*; D000818:Animals; D042002:Chromatin Assembly and Disassembly; D004742:Enhancer Elements, Genetic; D006801:Humans; D008957:Models, Genetic; D011401:Promoter Regions, Genetic; D014157:Transcription Factors / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D014157:Transcription Factors; D000255:Adenosine Triphosphate
keywords: FoxA1; chromatin binding; dynamic assisted loading; estrogen receptor; glucocorticoid receptor; pioneer factors; residence time