title: Cognitive disorders and antiphospholipid antibodies.
abstract: Cognitive disorders have frequently been described in the field of antiphospholipid syndrome (APS) and systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). Nevertheless, the relationship between those disorders and antiphospholipid antibodies (aPL) remains unclear and seems to involve various mechanisms. Overlap with systemic lupus erythematosus, the small sample size of studies, and discrepancies in antiphospholipid antibodies and cognitive impairment determinations complicate analyses of the literature data. In this paper, we summarize current knowledge on epidemiologic, clinical data, imaging findings and treatment of cognitive dysfunction associated with aPL. We separately analyzed data on aPL-positive carriers without history of clinical feature of APS, APS patients without overlaps autoimmune disease, and SLE-associated aPL patients.
authors.affiliation: Internal Medicine Department, University of Lille, UFR Medicine, Lille, France. Electronic address: cecile.yelnik@orange.fr.
authors.forename: Cécile M
authors.initials: CM
authors.lastname: Yelnik
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine, National Jewish Health, 1400 Jackson St., Denver, CO 80206, United States; Department of Psychiatry, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO, United States; Department of Neurology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO, United States. Electronic address: kozorae@njhealth.org.
authors.forename: Elizabeth
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Kozora
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medical Science, State University of Campinas, Campinas, Brazil. Electronic address: appenzellersimone@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Simone
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Appenzeller
mesh_terms: D017152:Antibodies, Antiphospholipid / Q000276:immunology*; D016736:Antiphospholipid Syndrome / Q000150:complications* / Q000276:immunology; D003072:Cognition Disorders / Q000150:complications / Q000209:etiology*; D006801:Humans; D008180:Lupus Erythematosus, Systemic / Q000150:complications* / Q000276:immunology
chemical_list: D017152:Antibodies, Antiphospholipid
keywords: Antiphospholipid antibody; Antiphospholipid syndrome; Cognition disorders; Systemic lupus erythematosus