title: Insulin-Like Growth Factor-1 but Not Insulin Predicts Cognitive Decline in Huntington's Disease.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Huntington's disease (HD) is one of several neurodegenerative disorders that have been associated with metabolic alterations. Changes in Insulin Growth Factor 1 (IGF-1) and/or insulin input to the brain may underlie or contribute to the progress of neurodegenerative processes. Here, we investigated the association over time between changes in plasma levels of IGF-1 and insulin and the cognitive decline in HD patients.
  
  
  METHODS
  We conducted a multicentric cohort study in 156 patients with genetically documented HD aged from 22 to 80 years. Among them, 146 patients were assessed at least twice with a follow-up of 3.5 ± 1.8 years. We assessed their cognitive decline using the Unified Huntington's Disease Rating Scale, and their IGF-1 and insulin plasmatic levels, at baseline and once a year during the follow-up. Associations were evaluated using a mixed-effect linear model.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In the cross-sectional analysis at baseline, higher levels of IGF-1 and insulin were associated with lower cognitive scores and thus with a higher degree of cognitive impairment. In the longitudinal analysis, the decrease of all cognitive scores, except the Stroop interference, was associated with the IGF-1 level over time but not of insulin.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  IGF-1 levels, unlike insulin, predict the decline of cognitive function in HD.
authors.affiliation: Université Paris Est, Faculté de médecine, Créteil, France.|Inserm, U955, Equipe 01, Neuropsychologie interventionnelle, Créteil, France.|Ecole Normale Supérieure, Département d'études Cognitives, Paris, France.|AP-HP, Hôpital H. Mondor- A. Chenevier, Centre de référence maladie de Huntington, Neurologie cognitive, Créteil, France.
authors.forename: Linda
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Salem
authors.affiliation: Université Paris Est, Faculté de médecine, Créteil, France.|Inserm, U955, Equipe 01, Neuropsychologie interventionnelle, Créteil, France.|Ecole Normale Supérieure, Département d'études Cognitives, Paris, France.|AP-HP, Hôpital H. Mondor- A. Chenevier, Centre de référence maladie de Huntington, Neurologie cognitive, Créteil, France.
authors.forename: Nadine
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Saleh
authors.affiliation: Université Paris Est, Faculté de médecine, Créteil, France.|Inserm, U955, Equipe 01, Neuropsychologie interventionnelle, Créteil, France.|Ecole Normale Supérieure, Département d'études Cognitives, Paris, France.|AP-HP, Hôpital H. Mondor- A. Chenevier, Centre de référence maladie de Huntington, Neurologie cognitive, Créteil, France.
authors.forename: Gaelle
authors.identifier: http://orcid.org/0000-0002-6832-2335
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Désaméricq
authors.affiliation: Université Paris Est, Faculté de médecine, Créteil, France.|Inserm, U955, Equipe 01, Neuropsychologie interventionnelle, Créteil, France.|Ecole Normale Supérieure, Département d'études Cognitives, Paris, France.|AP-HP, Hôpital H. Mondor- A. Chenevier, Centre de référence maladie de Huntington, Neurologie cognitive, Créteil, France.
authors.forename: Katia
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Youssov
authors.affiliation: Université Paris Est, Faculté de médecine, Créteil, France.|Inserm, U955, Equipe 01, Neuropsychologie interventionnelle, Créteil, France.|AP-HP, Hôpital H. Mondor- A. Chenevier, Unité de recherche clinique, Créteil, France.
authors.forename: Guillaume
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Dolbeau
authors.affiliation: Université Paris Est, Faculté de médecine, Créteil, France.|Inserm, U955, Equipe 01, Neuropsychologie interventionnelle, Créteil, France.|Ecole Normale Supérieure, Département d'études Cognitives, Paris, France.|AP-HP, Hôpital H. Mondor- A. Chenevier, Centre de référence maladie de Huntington, Neurologie cognitive, Créteil, France.
authors.forename: Laurent
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Cleret
authors.affiliation: AP-HP, Hôpital H. Mondor- A. Chenevier, Unité de recherche clinique, Créteil, France.
authors.forename: Marie-Laure
authors.initials: ML
authors.lastname: Bourhis
authors.affiliation: Hôpital de la Timone, Service de Neurologie et pathologie du mouvement, Marseille, France.
authors.forename: Jean-Philippe
authors.initials: JP
authors.lastname: Azulay
authors.affiliation: CHU of Amiens, Departement of Neurology, Amiens, France.
authors.forename: Pierre
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Krystkowiak
authors.affiliation: CHU of Angers, Centre de référence des maladies neurogénétiques, service de neurologie, Angers, France.
authors.forename: Christophe
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Verny
authors.affiliation: AP-HP-GHU NORD, Hôpital Avicenne, Etablissement Français du sang, Bobigny, France.
authors.forename: Françoise
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Morin
authors.affiliation: AP-HP, Hôpital H. Mondor- A. Chenevier, Département de Biochimie-Pharmaco-Toxicologie, Créteil, France.
authors.forename: Stéphane
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Moutereau
authors.affiliation: Université Paris Est, Faculté de médecine, Créteil, France.|Inserm, U955, Equipe 01, Neuropsychologie interventionnelle, Créteil, France.|Ecole Normale Supérieure, Département d'études Cognitives, Paris, France.|AP-HP, Hôpital H. Mondor- A. Chenevier, Centre de référence maladie de Huntington, Neurologie cognitive, Créteil, France.
authors.forename: Anne-Catherine
authors.initials: AC
authors.lastname: Bachoud-Lévi
authors.affiliation: Université Paris Est, Faculté de médecine, Créteil, France.|Inserm, U955, Equipe 01, Neuropsychologie interventionnelle, Créteil, France.|Ecole Normale Supérieure, Département d'études Cognitives, Paris, France.|AP-HP, Hôpital H. Mondor- A. Chenevier, Centre de référence maladie de Huntington, Neurologie cognitive, Créteil, France.
authors.forename: Patrick
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Maison
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D003072:Cognition Disorders / Q000097:blood* / Q000209:etiology; D018450:Disease Progression; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D006816:Huntington Disease / Q000097:blood* / Q000150:complications / Q000473:pathology; D007328:Insulin / Q000097:blood*; D007334:Insulin-Like Growth Factor I / Q000032:analysis*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D007328:Insulin; D007334:Insulin-Like Growth Factor I