title: Comparison of Gene Expression Profiles in Human Germinal Vesicle Before and After Cytoplasmic Transfer From Mature Oocytes in Iranian Infertile Couples.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate the effect of cytoplasm transfer from mature oocytes to germinal vesicle(GV)s on promoting the maturation of cytoplasm of GV at the mRNA level.
  
  
  METHODS
  Sixty six in vitro fertilization (IVF) operations between June 2012 and November 2013 were included in this study. Totally 120 GVs were obtained. Normal GVs were categorized into 3 groups (n = 40) randomly: the first comprised oocytes that did not receive the cytoplasm of mature oocytes; the second group comprised oocytes that did not receive the cytoplasm of mature oocytes but were incubated for 24 h; and the third group comprised oocytes that received 10-15% the cytoplasm of mature oocytes and were then incubated for 24 h. Each group was separately analyzed by quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) and the expression levels of selected genes were assessed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The expression levels of genes involved in the cytoplasmic maturity, and energy-producing mitochondria were significantly higher in the pooled oocytes of 2(nd) control group than those of the 1(st) control and intervention groups (p < 0.001). The genes involved in the meiosis, spindle check point, DNA repairing and cell cycle checkpoint did not have any expression in the 1(st) and intervention groups; however, these genes were expressed in the 2(nd) group, significantly. In the 2(nd) group, the highest expression level was observed for genes involved in the DNA repairing and cell cycle checkpoint. In the intervention group, none of the genes were expressed except for energy-producing mitochondria gene; even in this case, the expression level of this gene in this group of oocytes was significantly lower than that in other groups (p < 0.001). After 24 h meiosis assumption was significantly higher in the third group than in the second group (95% vs. 68%, p < 0.001).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The cytoplasm transfer technique is not effective in cytoplasmic maturity of the recipient GV oocytes. In contrast, 24-hr in-vitro culture is associated with increased expression of studied genes in GVs.
authors.affiliation: Women's Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
authors.forename: Fatemeh Sadat
authors.initials: FS
authors.lastname: Hoseini
authors.affiliation: Women's Hospital AND Department of Physiotherapy, School of Rehabilitation, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
authors.forename: Nasser
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Salsabili
authors.affiliation: Women's Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
authors.forename: Firoozeh
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Akbari-Asbagh
authors.affiliation: Reproductive Biomedicine Research Center, Royan Institute for Reproductive Biomedicine, ACECR, Tehran, Iran.
authors.forename: Reza
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Aflatoonian
authors.affiliation: Department of Medical Biotechnology, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
authors.forename: Seyed Hamid
authors.initials: SH
authors.lastname: Aghaee-Bakhtiari
keywords: Cytoplasmic Transfer; Gene Expression; Oocyte Maturity