title: Cerebral Microbleeds, Vascular Risk Factors, and Magnetic Resonance Imaging Markers: The Northern Manhattan Study.
abstract: Cerebral microbleeds (CMBs) represent intracerebral hemorrhages due to amyloid angiopathy or exposure to modifiable risk factors. Few community-based stroke-free studies including blacks and Hispanics have been done.
  
  
  
  The Northern Manhattan Study (NOMAS) is a stroke-free, racially and ethnically diverse cohort study. Brain MRI was performed in 1290 participants, 925 of whom had available T2* gradient-recall echo data. We used multivariable logistic regression to examine the association of sociodemographics, vascular risk factors, apolipoprotein E (APOE) genotype, and brain MRI markers with CMB presence and location. The prevalence of CMBs in our cohort was 5%. Of the 46 participants with CMBs, 37% had only deep CMBs, 48% had only lobar CMBs, and 15% had CMBs in both locations. The difference in CMB distribution was not statistically significant across race/ethnic group or APOE genotype. In multivariable analyses, age (OR [95% CI]: 1.09 [1.04, 1.15]) and SBIs (2.58 [1.01, 6.59]) were positively associated with CMB presence, and diabetes medication use was negatively associated (0.25 [0.07, 0.86]).
  
  
  
  CMBs may represent the severity of vascular disease in this racially and ethnically diverse cohort. Larger studies are needed to elucidate the association between diabetes medication use and CMB presence.
authors.affiliation: Evelyn F. McKnight Brain Institute and the Neuroscience Program, University of Miami, Miami, FL Department of Neurology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL.
authors.forename: Michelle R
authors.initials: MR
authors.lastname: Caunca
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, The University of Chicago, IL.
authors.forename: Victor
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Del Brutto
authors.affiliation: Evelyn F. McKnight Brain Institute and the Neuroscience Program, University of Miami, Miami, FL Department of Neurology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL.
authors.forename: Hannah
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Gardener
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, University of California, San Francisco, CA.
authors.forename: Nirav
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Shah
authors.affiliation: Inserm, CHU Lille, U 1171, Degenerative & Vascular Cognitive Disorders, University of Lille, France.
authors.forename: Nelly
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Dequatre-Ponchelle
authors.affiliation: Department of Biostatistics, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, NY.
authors.forename: Ying Kuen
authors.initials: YK
authors.lastname: Cheung
authors.affiliation: Department of Epidemiology, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, NY Department of Neurology, College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, NY.
authors.forename: Mitchell S V
authors.initials: MS
authors.lastname: Elkind
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC.
authors.forename: Truman R
authors.initials: TR
authors.lastname: Brown
authors.affiliation: Inserm, CHU Lille, U 1171, Degenerative & Vascular Cognitive Disorders, University of Lille, France.
authors.forename: Charlotte
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Cordonnier
authors.affiliation: Evelyn F. McKnight Brain Institute and the Neuroscience Program, University of Miami, Miami, FL Department of Neurology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL Department of Public Health Sciences, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL Department of Human Genetics, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL.
authors.forename: Ralph L
authors.initials: RL
authors.lastname: Sacco
authors.affiliation: Evelyn F. McKnight Brain Institute and the Neuroscience Program, University of Miami, Miami, FL Department of Neurology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL Department of Public Health Sciences, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL wright.clinton@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Clinton B
authors.initials: CB
authors.lastname: Wright
mesh_terms: D001741:Black or African American / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D000367:Age Factors; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000428:Alcohol Drinking / Q000453:epidemiology; D000924:Anticholesteremic Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use; D000925:Anticoagulants / Q000627:therapeutic use; D000959:Antihypertensive Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use; D001057:Apolipoproteins E / Q000235:genetics; D001786:Blood Glucose / Q000378:metabolism; D001794:Blood Pressure; D015992:Body Mass Index; D002543:Cerebral Hemorrhage / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000208:ethnology / Q000235:genetics; D008076:Cholesterol, HDL / Q000097:blood; D008078:Cholesterol, LDL / Q000097:blood; D003920:Diabetes Mellitus / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000453:epidemiology; D005006:Ethnicity / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D015444:Exercise; D005260:Female; D006630:Hispanic or Latino / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D006801:Humans; D006973:Hypertension / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000453:epidemiology; D007004:Hypoglycemic Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use; D016015:Logistic Models; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D015999:Multivariate Analysis; D009519:New York City / Q000453:epidemiology; D016017:Odds Ratio; D010975:Platelet Aggregation Inhibitors / Q000627:therapeutic use; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012307:Risk Factors; D012907:Smoking / Q000453:epidemiology; D014280:Triglycerides / Q000097:blood; D044465:White People / Q000706:statistics & numerical data
chemical_list: D000924:Anticholesteremic Agents; D000925:Anticoagulants; D000959:Antihypertensive Agents; D001057:Apolipoproteins E; D001786:Blood Glucose; D008076:Cholesterol, HDL; D008078:Cholesterol, LDL; D007004:Hypoglycemic Agents; D010975:Platelet Aggregation Inhibitors; D014280:Triglycerides
keywords: cerebral microbleed; magnetic resonance imaging; risk factor