title: Postoperative use of hypnotics is associated with increased length of stay after uncomplicated surgery for colorectal cancer.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Hypnotics are used to treat perioperative sleep disorders. These drugs are associated with a higher risk of adverse effects among patients undergoing surgery. This study aims to quantify the use of hypnotics and factors influencing the administration of hypnotics in relation to colorectal cancer surgery.
  
  
  METHODS
  A retrospective cohort study of 1979 patients undergoing colorectal cancer surgery.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In all, 381 patients (19%) received new treatment with hypnotics. Two of the six surgical centres used hypnotics less often (odds ratio (95% confidence interval), 0.24 (0.16-0.38) and 0.20 (0.12-0.35)). Active smokers (odds ratio (95% confidence interval), 1.57 (1.11-2.24)) and patients receiving perioperative blood transfusion (odds ratio (95% confidence interval), 1.58 (1.10-2.26)) had increased likelihood of receiving hypnotics. In the uncomplicated cases, a multivariable linear regression analysis showed that consumption of hypnotics postoperatively was significantly associated with increased length of stay (1.5 (0.9-2.2) days).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  One in five patients began treatment with hypnotics after colorectal cancer surgery. Postoperative use of hypnotics was associated with an increased length of stay for uncomplicated cases of colorectal cancer surgery.
authors.affiliation: Centre for Perioperative Optimization, Department of Surgery, Herlev Hospital, University of Copenhagen, Herlev, Denmark.
authors.forename: Morten Westergaard
authors.initials: MW
authors.lastname: Noack
authors.affiliation: Centre for Perioperative Optimization, Department of Surgery, Herlev Hospital, University of Copenhagen, Herlev, Denmark.
authors.forename: Anne Sofie
authors.initials: AS
authors.lastname: Bisgård
authors.affiliation: Centre for Perioperative Optimization, Department of Surgery, Herlev Hospital, University of Copenhagen, Herlev, Denmark.
authors.forename: Mads
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Klein
authors.affiliation: Centre for Perioperative Optimization, Department of Surgery, Herlev Hospital, University of Copenhagen, Herlev, Denmark.
authors.forename: Jacob
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Rosenberg
authors.affiliation: Centre for Surgical Science, Department of Surgery, Koege and Roskilde Hospital, University of Copenhagen, Koege, Denmark.
authors.forename: Ismail
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Gögenur
keywords: Hypnotics; colorectal surgery; increased length of stay; naive user; prolonged length of stay