title: 3D silicon doped hydroxyapatite scaffolds decorated with Elastin-like Recombinamers for bone regenerative medicine.
abstract: The current study reports on the manufacturing by rapid prototyping technique of three-dimensional (3D) scaffolds based on silicon substituted hydroxyapatite with Elastin-like Recombinamers (ELRs) functionalized surfaces. Silicon doped hydroxyapatite (Si-HA), with Ca10(PO4)5.7(SiO4)0.3(OH)1.7h0.3nominal formula, was surface functionalized with two different types of polymers designed by genetic engineering: ELR-RGD that contain cell attachment specific sequences and ELR-SNA15/RGD with both hydroxyapatite and cells domains that interact with the inorganic phase and with the cells, respectively. These hybrid materials were subjected to in vitro assays in order to clarify if the ELRs coating improved the well-known biocompatible and bone regeneration properties of calcium phosphates materials. The in vitro tests showed that there was a total and homogeneous colonization of the 3D scaffolds by Bone marrow Mesenchymal Stromal Cells (BMSCs). In addition, the BMSCs were viable and able to proliferate and differentiate into osteoblasts.
  
  
  
  Bone tissue engineering is an area of increasing interest because its main applications are directly related to the rising life expectancy of the population, which promotes higher rates of several bone pathologies, so innovative strategies are needed for bone tissue regeneration therapies. Here we use the rapid prototyping technology to allow moulding ceramic 3D scaffolds and we use different bio-polymers for the functionalization of their surfaces in order to enhance the biological response. Combining the ceramic material (silicon doped hydroxyapatite, Si-HA) and the Elastin like Recombinamers (ELRs) polymers with the presence of the integrin-mediate adhesion domain alone or in combination with SNA15 peptide that possess high affinity for hydroxyapatite, provided an improved Bone marrow Mesenchymal Stromal Cells (BMSCs) differentiation into osteoblastic linkage.
authors.affiliation: Networking Research Center on Bioengineering, Biomaterials and Nanomedicine (CIBER-BBN), Madrid, Spain; Department of Inorganic and Bioinorganic Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Pza. Ramón y Cajal s/n, E-28040 Madrid, Spain.
authors.forename: Mercedes
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Vila
authors.affiliation: Networking Research Center on Bioengineering, Biomaterials and Nanomedicine (CIBER-BBN), Madrid, Spain; Department of Inorganic and Bioinorganic Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Pza. Ramón y Cajal s/n, E-28040 Madrid, Spain.
authors.forename: Ana
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: García
authors.affiliation: Networking Research Center on Bioengineering, Biomaterials and Nanomedicine (CIBER-BBN), Madrid, Spain; Bioforge Group, University of Valladolid, Edificio LUCIA, Paseo de Belén 19, 47011 Valladolid, Spain.
authors.forename: Alessandra
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Girotti
authors.affiliation: Networking Research Center on Bioengineering, Biomaterials and Nanomedicine (CIBER-BBN), Madrid, Spain; Bioforge Group, University of Valladolid, Edificio LUCIA, Paseo de Belén 19, 47011 Valladolid, Spain.
authors.forename: Matilde
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Alonso
authors.affiliation: Networking Research Center on Bioengineering, Biomaterials and Nanomedicine (CIBER-BBN), Madrid, Spain; Bioforge Group, University of Valladolid, Edificio LUCIA, Paseo de Belén 19, 47011 Valladolid, Spain.
authors.forename: Jose Carlos
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: Rodríguez-Cabello
authors.affiliation: Networking Research Center on Bioengineering, Biomaterials and Nanomedicine (CIBER-BBN), Madrid, Spain; Biomaterials for Regenerative Therapies Group, Institute for Bioengineering of Catalonia (IBEC), and Department of Materials Science and Metallurgical Engineering, Technical University of Catalonia (UPC), Barcelona 08028, Spain.
authors.forename: Arlyng
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: González-Vázquez
authors.affiliation: Networking Research Center on Bioengineering, Biomaterials and Nanomedicine (CIBER-BBN), Madrid, Spain; Biomaterials for Regenerative Therapies Group, Institute for Bioengineering of Catalonia (IBEC), and Department of Materials Science and Metallurgical Engineering, Technical University of Catalonia (UPC), Barcelona 08028, Spain.
authors.forename: Josep A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Planell
authors.affiliation: Networking Research Center on Bioengineering, Biomaterials and Nanomedicine (CIBER-BBN), Madrid, Spain; Biomaterials for Regenerative Therapies Group, Institute for Bioengineering of Catalonia (IBEC), and Department of Materials Science and Metallurgical Engineering, Technical University of Catalonia (UPC), Barcelona 08028, Spain.
authors.forename: Elisabeth
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Engel
authors.affiliation: Networking Research Center on Bioengineering, Biomaterials and Nanomedicine (CIBER-BBN), Madrid, Spain; Department of Medicine and Medical Specialities, CIBER-BBN, University of Alcalá, Alcalá De Henares, Spain.
authors.forename: Julia
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Buján
authors.affiliation: Networking Research Center on Bioengineering, Biomaterials and Nanomedicine (CIBER-BBN), Madrid, Spain; Department of Medicine and Medical Specialities, CIBER-BBN, University of Alcalá, Alcalá De Henares, Spain.
authors.forename: Natalio
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: García-Honduvilla
authors.affiliation: Networking Research Center on Bioengineering, Biomaterials and Nanomedicine (CIBER-BBN), Madrid, Spain; Department of Inorganic and Bioinorganic Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Pza. Ramón y Cajal s/n, E-28040 Madrid, Spain.
authors.forename: María
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Vallet-Regí
mesh_terms: D000469:Alkaline Phosphatase / Q000378:metabolism; D000595:Amino Acid Sequence; D000818:Animals; D001842:Bone and Bones / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology*; D002454:Cell Differentiation; D049109:Cell Proliferation / Q000187:drug effects; D002470:Cell Survival / Q000187:drug effects; D017886:Durapatite / Q000494:pharmacology*; D004549:Elastin / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology*; D004591:Electrophoresis, Polyacrylamide Gel; D049452:Green Fluorescent Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D059630:Mesenchymal Stem Cells / Q000166:cytology / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D010006:Osteoblasts / Q000166:cytology / Q000378:metabolism; D015675:Osteocalcin / Q000378:metabolism; D051381:Rats; D044968:Regenerative Medicine / Q000379:methods*; D012825:Silicon / Q000494:pharmacology*; D019032:Spectrometry, Mass, Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption-Ionization; D054457:Tissue Scaffolds / Q000737:chemistry*; D014162:Transfection
chemical_list: D015675:Osteocalcin; D049452:Green Fluorescent Proteins; D004549:Elastin; D017886:Durapatite; D000469:Alkaline Phosphatase; D012825:Silicon
keywords: Bone marrow Mesenchymal Stromal Cells (BMSCs); Bone repair; Elastin-like Recombinamers (ELRs); Rapid prototyped 3D scaffolds; Silicon doped hydroxyapatite (Si-HA); Tissue engineering