title: Autoinflammation and Immunomodulation in Inflammatory Fibromyalgia Syndrome- A Review.
abstract: Generalized pain with tender points in specific areas accompanied by systemic symptoms such as fatigue and stiffness is characteristic of fibromyalgia (FM) syndrome. The genesis of FM is still being investigated with conflicting data on factors including autonomic dysfunction, neurotransmitters, and hormones often in combination with external stressful events. However, recent research is starting to suggest that there is a previously underappreciated subtype of fibromyalgia called inflammatory Fibromyalgia (iFM). Recent studies have described cytokines, inflammatory markers, sleep disorders, hyperalgesia, cognitive dysfunction, serum leptin levels and other inflammatory indicators as potential markers for iFM. This article will; 1) review the inflammatory markers and abnormal levels of other laboratory indicators that can help to identify the subgroup of patients that fall into the new category of Inflammatory Fibromyalgia [1-5] and 2) review all completed trials that were focused on treating this new category of disease. Through this review it is hoped that and further understanding of the complexity of the etiology of fibromyalgia can be explored.
authors.affiliation: Assistant Clinical Professor of Rheumatology at USC., 500 W san Bernardino RD, STE A, Covina, Ca 91722, United States.
authors.forename: Samy
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Metyas
authors.affiliation: Rheumatology, Research Associate, Covina, United States.
authors.forename: Tamer
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Rezk
authors.affiliation: Rheumatology, University of Southern California - Keck School of Medicine, United States.
authors.forename: Daniel
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Arkfeld
authors.affiliation: Janssen Scientific Affairs, LLC, United States.
authors.forename: Thomas
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Leptich
mesh_terms: D005356:Fibromyalgia / Q000276:immunology* / Q000473:pathology*; D006801:Humans; D056747:Immunomodulation; D007249:Inflammation / Q000276:immunology* / Q000473:pathology*
keywords: Fibromyalgia; autonomic dysfunction; cytokine; cytokines; inflammation