title: Screening for the 3'UTR Polymorphism of the PXR Gene in South Indian Breast Cancer Patients and its Potential Role in Pharmacogenomics.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Breast cancer, the commonest cancer among women in the world, ranks top in India with an incidence rate of 1,45,000 new cases and mortality rate of 70,000 women every year. Chemotherapy outcome for breast cancer is hampered due to poor response and irreversible dose-dependent cardiotoxicity which is determined by genetic variations in drug metabolizing enzymes and transporters. Pregnane X receptor (PXR), a member of the nuclear receptor superfamily, induces expression of drug metabolizing enzymes (DMEs) and transporters leading to regulation of xenobiotic metabolism.
  
  
  METHODS
  A genomic region spanning PXR 3' UTR was amplified and sequenced using genomic DNA isolated from 96 South Indian breast cancer patients. Genetic variants observed in our study subjects were queried in miRSNP to establish SNPs that alter miRNA binding sites in PXR 3' UTR. In addition, enrichment analysis was carried out to understand the network of miRNAs and PXR in drug metabolism using DIANA miRpath and miRwalk pathway prediction tools.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In this study, we identified SNPs rs3732359, rs3732360, rs1054190, rs1054191 and rs6438550 in the PXR 3; UTR region. The SNPs rs3732360, rs1054190 and rs1054191 were located in the binding site of miR-500a-3p, miR-532-3p and miR-374a-3p resulting in the altered PXR level due to the deregulation of post-transcriptional control and this leads to poor treatment response and toxicity.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Genetic variants identified in PXR 3' UTR and their effects on PXR levels through post-transcriptional regulation provide a genetic basis for inter- individual variability in treatment response and toxicity associated with chemotherapy.
authors.affiliation: Department of Genetics, Dr ALM PG Institute Basic Medical Sciences University of Madras, Taramani, Chennai Tamil Nadu, India E-mail : akmunirajan@gmail.com, akmunirajan@unom.ac.in.
authors.forename: Sundaramoorthy
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Revathidevi
authors.forename: Ravi
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Sudesh
authors.forename: Varadharajan
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Vaishnavi
authors.forename: Muthukrishnan
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kaliyanasundaram
authors.forename: Kilyara George
authors.initials: KG
authors.lastname: MaryHelen
authors.forename: Ganesan
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Sukanya
authors.forename: Arasambattu Kannan
authors.initials: AK
authors.lastname: Munirajan
mesh_terms: D020413:3' Untranslated Regions / Q000235:genetics*; D001943:Breast Neoplasms / Q000235:genetics*; D005260:Female; D005786:Gene Expression Regulation; D006801:Humans; D007194:India; D035683:MicroRNAs / Q000235:genetics; D010597:Pharmacogenetics / Q000379:methods; D020641:Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide / Q000235:genetics*; D000077297:Pregnane X Receptor; D012323:RNA Processing, Post-Transcriptional / Q000235:genetics; D011987:Receptors, Steroid / Q000235:genetics*
chemical_list: D020413:3' Untranslated Regions; D035683:MicroRNAs; D000077297:Pregnane X Receptor; D011987:Receptors, Steroid