title: Repair of human periodontal bone defects by autologous grafting stem cells derived from inflammatory dental pulp tissues.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Recently, stem cells derived from inflammatory dental pulp tissues (DPSCs-IPs) have demonstrated regenerative potential, but the real effect remains to be examined. This pilot study attempted to isolate DPSCs-IPs from two patients and to evaluate the feasibility and the effect of reconstructing periodontal intrabone defects in each patient.
  
  
  METHODS
  DPSCs-IPs were harvested from two patients with periodontal intrabone defects with their approval. After discussing the biological characteristics of DPSCs-IPs in each patient, DPSCs-IPs were loaded onto the scaffold material β-tricalcium phosphate and engrafted into the periodontal defect area in the root furcation. After 1, 3, and 9 months, the outcome was evaluated by clinical assessment and radiological study. Furthermore, new samples were collected and the biological characteristics of DPSCs-IPs were further studied compared with normal dental pulp stem cells. The primary cell culture success rate, cell viability, cell cycle analysis, and proliferation index were used to describe the growth state of DPSCs-IPs. In-vitro differentiation ability detection was used to further discuss the stem cell characteristics of DPSCs-IPs.
  
  
  RESULTS
  As expected, DPSCs-IPs were able to engraft and had an effect of regeneration of new bones to repair periodontal defects 9 months after surgical reconstruction. Although the success rate of primary cell culture and growth status was slightly inhibited, DPSCs-IPs expressed comparable levels of stem cell markers as well as retaining their multidifferentiation ability.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  We developed a standard procedure that is potentially safe and technological for clinical periodontal treatment using human autologous DPSCs-IPs.
  
  
  BACKGROUND
  According to the editorial policies, the present study is a purely observational study, so trial registration is not required.
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of Shaanxi Province for Craniofacial Precision Medicine Research, College of Stomatology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China.|Department of Periodontology, College of Stomatology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi Wu Road No. 98, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710004, China.
authors.forename: Ye
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: Department of Periodontology, College of Stomatology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi Wu Road No. 98, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710004, China.
authors.forename: Shanmei
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Zhao
authors.affiliation: Department of Periodontology, College of Stomatology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi Wu Road No. 98, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710004, China.
authors.forename: Xi
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Nan
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of Shaanxi Province for Craniofacial Precision Medicine Research, College of Stomatology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China.
authors.forename: Hong
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Wei
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of Shaanxi Province for Craniofacial Precision Medicine Research, College of Stomatology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China.
authors.forename: Jianfeng
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Shi
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of Shaanxi Province for Craniofacial Precision Medicine Research, College of Stomatology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China. drliang@mail.xjtu.edu.cn.|Department of Periodontology, College of Stomatology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi Wu Road No. 98, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710004, China. drliang@mail.xjtu.edu.cn.
authors.forename: Ang
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: Department of Periodontology, College of Stomatology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi Wu Road No. 98, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710004, China.
authors.forename: Jianzhong
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Gou
keywords: Dental pulp stem cell; Inflamed pulp; Tissue regeneration