title: Genetic diversity and genomic signatures of selection among cattle breeds from Siberia, eastern and northern Europe.
abstract: Domestication in the near eastern region had a major impact on the gene pool of humpless taurine cattle (Bos taurus). As a result of subsequent natural and artificial selection, hundreds of different breeds have evolved, displaying a broad range of phenotypic traits. Here, 10 Eurasian B. taurus breeds from different biogeographic and production conditions, which exhibit different demographic histories and have been under artificial selection at various intensities, were investigated using the Illumina BovineSNP50 panel to understand their genetic diversity and population structure. In addition, we scanned genomes from eight breeds for signatures of diversifying selection. Our population structure analysis indicated six distinct breed groups, the most divergent being the Yakutian cattle from Siberia. Selection signals were shared (experimental P-value < 0.01) with more than four breeds on chromosomes 6, 7, 13, 16 and 22. The strongest selection signals in the Yakutian cattle were found on chromosomes 7 and 21, where a miRNA gene and genes related to immune system processes are respectively located. In general, genomic regions indicating selection overlapped with known QTL associated with milk production (e.g. on chromosome 19), reproduction (e.g. on chromosome 24) and meat quality (e.g. on chromosome 7). The selection map created in this study shows that native cattle breeds and their genetic resources represent unique material for future breeding.
authors.affiliation: Green Technology, Natural Resources Institute Finland (Luke), Jokioinen, 31600, Finland. terhi.iso-touru@luke.fi.
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Iso-Touru
authors.affiliation: Green Technology, Natural Resources Institute Finland (Luke), Jokioinen, 31600, Finland.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Tapio
authors.affiliation: Green Technology, Natural Resources Institute Finland (Luke), Jokioinen, 31600, Finland.
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Vilkki
authors.affiliation: All-Russian Research Institute for Farm Animal Genetics and Breeding, Russian Academy of Sciences, 55-a Moskovskoe Shosse, St. Petersburg-Pushkin, 199601, Russia.
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Kiseleva
authors.affiliation: Board of Agricultural Office of Eveno-Bytantaj Region, Batagay-Alyta, 678580, The Sakha Republic (Yakutsk), Russia.
authors.forename: I
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Ammosov
authors.affiliation: Yakutian Research Institute of Agriculture, Yakutsk, Sakha, 677007, Russia.
authors.forename: Z
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Ivanova
authors.affiliation: Yakutian Research Institute of Agriculture, Yakutsk, Sakha, 677007, Russia.
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Popov
authors.affiliation: Green Technology, Natural Resources Institute Finland (Luke), Jokioinen, 31600, Finland.|Department of Biology, University of Turku, Turku, 20014, Finland.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Ozerov
authors.affiliation: Green Technology, Natural Resources Institute Finland (Luke), Jokioinen, 31600, Finland.|Department of Environmental and Biological Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, PO Box 1627, Kuopio, 70211, Finland.
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Kantanen
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001947:Breeding; D002417:Cattle / Q000235:genetics*; D005060:Europe; D014644:Genetic Variation; D005828:Genetics, Population; D005838:Genotype; D006239:Haplotypes; D008460:Meat; D008892:Milk; D012098:Reproduction / Q000235:genetics; D012641:Selection, Genetic; D012800:Siberia
keywords: 
  Bos taurus
  ; adaptation; population structure; selection signatures