title: The sequential pathway between trauma-related symptom severity and cognitive-based smoking processes through perceived stress and negative affect reduction expectancies among trauma exposed smokers.
abstract: Smoking rates are markedly higher among trauma-exposed individuals relative to non-trauma-exposed individuals. Extant work suggests that both perceived stress and negative affect reduction smoking expectancies are independent mechanisms that link trauma-related symptoms and smoking. Yet, no work has examined perceived stress and negative affect reduction smoking expectancies as potential explanatory variables for the relation between trauma-related symptom severity and smoking in a sequential pathway model. Methods The present study utilized a sample of treatment-seeking, trauma-exposed smokers (n = 363; 49.0% female) to examine perceived stress and negative affect reduction expectancies for smoking as potential sequential explanatory variables linking trauma-related symptom severity and nicotine dependence, perceived barriers to smoking cessation, and severity of withdrawal-related problems and symptoms during past quit attempts.
  
  
  
  As hypothesized, perceived stress and negative affect reduction expectancies had a significant sequential indirect effect on trauma-related symptom severity and criterion variables.
  
  
  
  Findings further elucidate the complex pathways through which trauma-related symptoms contribute to smoking behavior and cognitions, and highlight the importance of addressing perceived stress and negative affect reduction expectancies in smoking cessation programs among trauma-exposed individuals. (Am J Addict 2016;25:565-572).
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychology, University of Houston, Houston, Texas.
authors.forename: Lorra
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Garey
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychology, University of Houston, Houston, Texas.
authors.forename: Mina K
authors.initials: MK
authors.lastname: Cheema
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychology, University of Houston, Houston, Texas.
authors.forename: Tanveer K
authors.initials: TK
authors.lastname: Otal
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychology, Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida.
authors.forename: Norman B
authors.initials: NB
authors.lastname: Schmidt
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychology, University of Houston, Houston, Texas.
authors.forename: Clayton
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Neighbors
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychology, University of Houston, Houston, Texas. mjzvolen@central.uh.edu.|Department of Behavioral Sciences, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas. mjzvolen@central.uh.edu.
authors.forename: Michael J
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Zvolensky
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D003071:Cognition; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010465:Perception; D000067073:Psychological Trauma / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000523:psychology*; D012720:Severity of Illness Index; D012907:Smoking / Q000523:psychology*; D013315:Stress, Psychological / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000523:psychology*; D014029:Tobacco Use Disorder / Q000523:psychology*; D055815:Young Adult