title: Review of flavonoids: A diverse group of natural compounds with anti-Candida albicans activity in vitro.
abstract: Flavonoids are a subdivision of polyphenols, a versatile class of natural compounds that represent secondary metabolites from higher plants and are abundant in human diet. Various protective effects of flavonoids have been reported, including antimicrobial and antifungal activities. Due to the nature of oral candidiasis and the increased use of antifungal agents, several drug-resistant strains have emerged making it impractical to rely on one standard therapeutic regime. The aim of this review is to summarize the antifungal activity of some examples of the major subclasses of flavonoids in pure extract forms against C. albicans in vitro, as reported in literature over the past 10 years (2004-2015). In addition, this review outlines the potential mechanism of actions of flavonoids studied in vitro, which may contribute to a better understanding of flavonoids as multi-targets agents in the treatment and/or prevention of oral candidiasis in clinical settings.
authors.affiliation: University of Southern California, Herman Ostrow School of Dentistry, Division of Periodontology, and Diagnostic Sciences, Dental Hygiene & Biomedical Science, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
authors.forename: Dalia
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Seleem
authors.affiliation: University of Southern California, Herman Ostrow School of Dentistry, Division of Periodontology, and Diagnostic Sciences, Dental Hygiene & Biomedical Science, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
authors.forename: Vanessa
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Pardi
authors.affiliation: East Carolina University, School of Dental Medicine, Department of Foundational Sciences, Greenville, NC, USA. Electronic address: muratar16@ecu.edu.
authors.forename: Ramiro Mendonça
authors.initials: RM
authors.lastname: Murata
mesh_terms: D000935:Antifungal Agents / Q000494:pharmacology*; D017209:Apoptosis / Q000187:drug effects; D002176:Candida albicans / Q000187:drug effects*; D002180:Candidiasis, Oral / Q000188:drug therapy; D002473:Cell Wall / Q000187:drug effects; D025141:Drug Resistance, Fungal; D005419:Flavonoids / Q000494:pharmacology*; D066298:In Vitro Techniques; D008826:Microbial Sensitivity Tests
chemical_list: D000935:Antifungal Agents; D005419:Flavonoids
keywords: Antifungal activity; Drug resistance; Flavonoids; Oral candidiasis; Polyphenols