title: Root application of selenite can simultaneously reduce arsenic and cadmium accumulation and maintain grain yields, but show negative effects on the grain quality of paddy rice.
abstract: Most current technologies can hardly simultaneously reduce the accumulation of arsenic (As) and cadmium (Cd) in crops. In this study, root application of selenite [Se (IV)] and selenate [Se (VI)] was used to assess their abilities to reduce the accumulation of As and Cd, and maintain the yields and quality of rice grains. The results show that Se (IV) showed a weaker ability than Se (VI) to maintain the grain contents of many essential elements, but a stronger ability to decrease As and Cd contents in rice grains, and maintain the yields, photosynthesis rate and stomatal conductance, and increase the grain contents of several amino acids (AAs), total Se, selenomethionine (SeMet) and selenocysteine (SeCys). The best outcomes resulted at a relatively high application of 5 mg kg-1Se (IV), reflecting in the highest total Se, SeCys and SeMet content (14.95, 118.70 and 864.73 μg kg-1, respectively) in the grains, highest grain yield, and lowest grain As and Cd content (0.36 and 0.07 mg kg-1, respectively). In addition, the application of 1-5 mg kg-1Se (IV) seemed to facilitate the formation of SeMet in the grains, but most inorganic Se in the grains were transformed into SeCys and SeMet under Se (VI) treatments. This study provides a new idea to resolve the problems of high accumulation of As and Cd in rice grains and insufficiency of Se intake in China.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Agro-Environmental Protection, The Ministry of Agriculture, Tianjin, 300191, China; Agricultural College, Guangxi University, Nanning, China.
authors.forename: Guojian
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Liao
authors.affiliation: College of Resource and Environment, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, 410128, China.
authors.forename: Yi
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Xu
authors.affiliation: College of Resources and Environment, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China.
authors.forename: Cheng
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.affiliation: Institute of Agro-Environmental Protection, The Ministry of Agriculture, Tianjin, 300191, China; Agricultural College, Guangxi University, Nanning, China.
authors.forename: Qianhua
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Wu
authors.affiliation: Institute of Agro-Environmental Protection, The Ministry of Agriculture, Tianjin, 300191, China; Innovation Team of Remediation of Heavy Metal Contaminated Farmland Soil, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, China; Agricultural College, Guangxi University, Nanning, China. Electronic address: frwzym@aliyun.com.
authors.forename: Renwei
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Feng
authors.affiliation: Institute of Agro-Environmental Protection, The Ministry of Agriculture, Tianjin, 300191, China; Innovation Team of Remediation of Heavy Metal Contaminated Farmland Soil, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, China.
authors.forename: Junkang
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Guo
authors.affiliation: Institute of Agro-Environmental Protection, The Ministry of Agriculture, Tianjin, 300191, China; Innovation Team of Remediation of Heavy Metal Contaminated Farmland Soil, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, China.
authors.forename: Ruigang
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: Institute of Agro-Environmental Protection, The Ministry of Agriculture, Tianjin, 300191, China.
authors.forename: Yongzhen
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Ding
authors.affiliation: Institute of Agro-Environmental Protection, The Ministry of Agriculture, Tianjin, 300191, China; Innovation Team of Remediation of Heavy Metal Contaminated Farmland Soil, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, China.
authors.forename: Yang
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Sun
authors.affiliation: Institute of Agro-Environmental Protection, The Ministry of Agriculture, Tianjin, 300191, China; Innovation Team of Remediation of Heavy Metal Contaminated Farmland Soil, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, China.
authors.forename: Yingming
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Xu
authors.affiliation: Institute of Agro-Environmental Protection, The Ministry of Agriculture, Tianjin, 300191, China.
authors.forename: Wei
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Xia
authors.affiliation: Agricultural College, Guangxi University, Nanning, China.
authors.forename: Zhilian
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Fan
authors.affiliation: Agricultural College, Guangxi University, Nanning, China.
authors.forename: Liangyu
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Mo
mesh_terms: D000383:Agriculture / Q000379:methods; D000596:Amino Acids / Q000378:metabolism; D001151:Arsenic / Q000493:pharmacokinetics* / Q000633:toxicity; D002104:Cadmium / Q000493:pharmacokinetics* / Q000633:toxicity; D002681:China; D018556:Crops, Agricultural / Q000378:metabolism; D002523:Edible Grain / Q000378:metabolism; D012275:Oryza / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000254:growth & development / Q000378:metabolism; D018517:Plant Roots / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D064586:Selenic Acid / Q000494:pharmacology; D020887:Selenious Acid / Q000494:pharmacology*; D012989:Soil Pollutants / Q000493:pharmacokinetics*
chemical_list: D000596:Amino Acids; D012989:Soil Pollutants; D002104:Cadmium; D020887:Selenious Acid; D064586:Selenic Acid; D001151:Arsenic
keywords: Dry biomass; Grain production and quality; Photosynthesis; Remediation; Rice growth