title: 3D X-Ray Nanotomography of Cells Grown on Electrospun Scaffolds.
abstract: Here, it is demonstrated that X-ray nanotomography with Zernike phase contrast can be used for 3D imaging of cells grown on electrospun polymer scaffolds. The scaffold fibers and cells are simultaneously imaged, enabling the influence of scaffold architecture on cell location and morphology to be studied. The high resolution enables subcellular details to be revealed. The X-ray imaging conditions were optimized to reduce scan times, making it feasible to scan multiple regions of interest in relatively large samples. An image processing procedure is presented which enables scaffold characteristics and cell location to be quantified. The procedure is demonstrated by comparing the ingrowth of cells after culture for 3 and 6 days.
authors.affiliation: Henry Moseley X-ray Imaging Facility, The University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester, M13 9PL, UK.
authors.forename: Robert S
authors.initials: RS
authors.lastname: Bradley
authors.affiliation: London Centre for Nanotechnology, University College London, Gower Street, London, WC1E 6BT, UK.|Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Didcot, OX11 0FA, UK.
authors.forename: Ian K
authors.initials: IK
authors.lastname: Robinson
authors.affiliation: London Centre for Nanotechnology, University College London, Gower Street, London, WC1E 6BT, UK.|Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Didcot, OX11 0FA, UK.
authors.forename: Mohammed
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Yusuf
mesh_terms: D049109:Cell Proliferation; D005347:Fibroblasts / Q000166:cytology*; D006801:Humans; D021621:Imaging, Three-Dimensional; D036103:Nanotechnology / Q000379:methods*; D023822:Tissue Engineering / Q000379:methods*; D054457:Tissue Scaffolds / Q000737:chemistry*; D014965:X-Rays
keywords: X-ray nanotomography; cell infiltration; electrospun scaffolds; imaging; microstructure