title: Development of an integrated linkage map of einkorn wheat and its application for QTL mapping and genome sequence anchoring.
abstract: An integrated genetic map was constructed for einkorn wheat A genome and provided valuable information for QTL mapping and genome sequence anchoring. Wheat is one of the most widely grown food grain crops in the world. The construction of a genetic map is a key step to organize biologically or agronomically important traits along the chromosomes. In the present study, an integrated linkage map of einkorn wheat was developed using 109 recombinant inbred lines (RILs) derived from an inter sub-specific cross, KT1-1 (T. monococcum ssp. boeoticum) × KT3-5 (T. monococcum ssp. monococcum). The map contains 926 molecular markers assigned to seven linkage groups, and covers 1,377 cM with an average marker interval of 1.5 cM. A quantitative trait locus (QTL) analysis of five agronomic traits identified 16 stable QTL on all seven chromosomes, except 6A. The total phenotypic variance explained by these stable QTL using multiple regressions varied across environments from 8.8 to 87.1 % for days to heading, 24.4-63.0 % for spike length, 48.2-79.6 % for spikelet number per spike, 13.1-48.1 % for plant architecture, and 12.2-26.5 % for plant height, revealing that much of the RIL phenotypic variation had been genetically dissected. Co-localizations of closely linked QTL for different traits were frequently observed, especially on 3A and 7A. The QTL on 3A, 5A and 7A were closely associated with Eps-Am3, Vrn1 and Vrn3 loci, respectively. Furthermore, this genetic map facilitated the anchoring of 237 T. urartu scaffolds onto seven chromosomes with a physical length of 26.15 Mb. This map and the QTL data provide valuable genetic information to dissect important agronomic and developmental traits in diploid wheat and contribute to the genetic ordering of the genome assembly.
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Plant Cell and Chromosome Engineering, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 1 West Beichen Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing, 100101, People's Republic of China.|Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Physiology, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanxincun 20, Fragrant Hill, Beijing, 100093, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Kang
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Yu
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Plant Cell and Chromosome Engineering, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 1 West Beichen Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing, 100101, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Dongcheng
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Plant Cell and Chromosome Engineering, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 1 West Beichen Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing, 100101, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Wenying
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Wu
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Plant Cell and Chromosome Engineering, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 1 West Beichen Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing, 100101, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Wenlong
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Plant Cell and Chromosome Engineering, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 1 West Beichen Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing, 100101, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Jiazhu
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Sun
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Plant Cell and Chromosome Engineering, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 1 West Beichen Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing, 100101, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Xin
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: Collaborative Innovation Center for Grain Crops in Henan, Henan Agricultural University, No. 95 Wenhua Road, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450002, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Kehui
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Zhan
authors.affiliation: Collaborative Innovation Center for Grain Crops in Henan, Henan Agricultural University, No. 95 Wenhua Road, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450002, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Dangqun
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Cui
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Plant Cell and Chromosome Engineering, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 1 West Beichen Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing, 100101, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Hongqing
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Ling
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Physiology, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanxincun 20, Fragrant Hill, Beijing, 100093, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Chunming
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Plant Cell and Chromosome Engineering, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 1 West Beichen Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing, 100101, People's Republic of China. amzhang@genetics.ac.cn.|Collaborative Innovation Center for Grain Crops in Henan, Henan Agricultural University, No. 95 Wenhua Road, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450002, People's Republic of China. amzhang@genetics.ac.cn.
authors.forename: Aimin
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Zhang
mesh_terms: D002874:Chromosome Mapping; D003433:Crosses, Genetic; D004171:Diploidy; D008040:Genetic Linkage; D005819:Genetic Markers; D018745:Genome, Plant; D005838:Genotype; D010641:Phenotype; D040641:Quantitative Trait Loci; D014908:Triticum / Q000235:genetics*
chemical_list: D005819:Genetic Markers