title: Role of sugars under abiotic stress.
abstract: Sugars are the most important regulators that facilitate many physiological processes, such as photosynthesis, seed germination, flowering, senescence, and many more under various abiotic stresses. Exogenous application of sugars in low concentration promote seed germination, up regulates photosynthesis, promotes flowering, delayed senescence under various unfavorable environmental conditions. However, high concentration of sugars reverses all these physiological process in a concentration dependent manner. Thus, this review focuses the correlation between sugars and their protective functions in several physiological processes against various abiotic stresses. Keeping in mind the multifaceted role of sugars, an attempt has been made to cover the role of sugar-regulated genes associated with photosynthesis, seed germination and senescence. The concentration of sugars determines the expression of these sugar-regulated genes. This review also enlightens the interaction of sugars with several phytohormones, such as abscisic acid, ethylene, cytokinins and gibberellins and its effect on their biosynthesis under abiotic stress conditions.
authors.affiliation: Plant Physiology and Biochemistry Section, Department of Botany, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, 202002, India.
authors.forename: Fareen
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Sami
authors.affiliation: Plant Physiology and Biochemistry Section, Department of Botany, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, 202002, India.
authors.forename: Mohammad
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Yusuf
authors.affiliation: Plant Physiology and Biochemistry Section, Department of Botany, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, 202002, India.
authors.forename: Mohammad
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Faizan
authors.affiliation: Plant Physiology and Biochemistry Section, Department of Botany, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, 202002, India.
authors.forename: Ahmad
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Faraz
authors.affiliation: Plant Physiology and Biochemistry Section, Department of Botany, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, 202002, India. Electronic address: hayat_68@yahoo.co.in.
authors.forename: Shamsul
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Hayat
mesh_terms: D000222:Adaptation, Physiological / Q000187:drug effects*; D002241:Carbohydrates / Q000494:pharmacology*; D003080:Cold Temperature; D055864:Droughts; D005947:Glucose / Q000378:metabolism / Q000494:pharmacology; D008954:Models, Biological; D010937:Plant Growth Regulators / Q000096:biosynthesis*; D010944:Plants / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D012965:Sodium Chloride / Q000494:pharmacology*
chemical_list: D002241:Carbohydrates; D010937:Plant Growth Regulators; D012965:Sodium Chloride; D005947:Glucose
keywords: Flowering; Photosynthesis; Phytohormones; Seed germination; Senescence; Soluble sugars