title: [Pulmonary granulomatous diseases and pulmonary manifestations of systemic granulomatous disease : Including tuberculosis and nontuberculous mycobacteriosis].
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Granulomas as signs of specific inflammation of the lungs are found in various diseases with pulmonary manifestations and represent an important imaging finding.
  
  
  METHODS
  The standard imaging modality for the work-up of granulomatous diseases of the lungs is most often thin-slice computed tomography (CT). There are a few instances, e. g. tuberculosis, sarcoidosis and silicosis, where a chest radiograph still plays an important role.
  
  
  METHODS
  Further radiological modalities are usually not needed in the routine work-up of granulomatous diseases of the chest. In special cases magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and positron emission tomography (PET)-CT scans play an important role, e. g. detecting cardiac sarcoidosis by cardiac MRI or choline C‑11 PET-CT in diagnosing lung carcinoma in scar tissue after tuberculosis.
  
  
  METHODS
  The accuracy of thin-slice CT is very high for granulomatous diseases.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In cases of chronic disease and fibrotic interstitial lung disease it is important to perform thin-slice CT in order to diagnose a specific disease pattern. Thin-slice CT is also highly sensitive in detecting disease complications and comorbidities, such as malignancies. Given these indications thin-slice CT is generally accepted in the routine daily practice.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  A thin-slice CT and an interdisciplinary discussion are recommended in many cases with a suspected diagnosis of pulmonary granulomatous disease due to clinical or radiographic findings.
authors.affiliation: Zentrum für interstitielle und seltene Lungenerkrankungen, Pneumologie und Beatmungsmedizin, Thoraxklinik, Universität Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Deutschland. stella.piel@med.uni-heidelberg.de.
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Piel
authors.affiliation: Zentrum für interstitielle und seltene Lungenerkrankungen, Pneumologie und Beatmungsmedizin, Thoraxklinik, Universität Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Deutschland.|Translational Lung Research Center (TLRC), Universitätsklinikum Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Deutschland.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kreuter
authors.affiliation: Zentrum für interstitielle und seltene Lungenerkrankungen, Pneumologie und Beatmungsmedizin, Thoraxklinik, Universität Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Deutschland.|Translational Lung Research Center (TLRC), Universitätsklinikum Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Deutschland.
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Herth
authors.affiliation: Abteilung für Diagnostische und Interventionelle Radiologie, Universitätsklinikum Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Deutschland.|Translational Lung Research Center (TLRC), Universitätsklinikum Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Deutschland.
authors.forename: H-U
authors.initials: HU
authors.lastname: Kauczor
authors.affiliation: Abteilung für Diagnostische und Interventionelle Radiologie mit Nuklearmedizin, Thoraxklinik, Universität Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Deutschland.|Translational Lung Research Center (TLRC), Universitätsklinikum Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Deutschland.
authors.forename: C-P
authors.initials: CP
authors.lastname: Heußel
mesh_terms: D003937:Diagnosis, Differential; D006099:Granuloma / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D006801:Humans; D009165:Mycobacterium Infections, Nontuberculous / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D011014:Pneumonia / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D013902:Radiography, Thoracic / Q000379:methods*; D014057:Tomography, X-Ray Computed / Q000379:methods*; D014397:Tuberculosis, Pulmonary / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*
keywords: CT pattern; Interdisciplinary discussion; Interstitial lung disease; Thin slice computed tomography