title: Development of a Comprehensive Assessment of Food Parenting Practices: The Home Self-Administered Tool for Environmental Assessment of Activity and Diet Family Food Practices Survey.
abstract: Parents' food parenting practices influence children's dietary intake and risk for obesity and chronic disease. Understanding the influence and interactions between parents' practices and children's behavior is limited by a lack of development and psychometric testing and/or limited scope of current measures. The Home Self-Administered Tool for Environmental Assessment of Activity and Diet (HomeSTEAD) was created to address this gap.
  
  
  
  This article describes development and psychometric testing of the HomeSTEAD family food practices survey.
  
  
  
  Between August 2010 and May 2011, a convenience sample of 129 parents of children aged 3 to 12 years were recruited from central North Carolina and completed the self-administered HomeSTEAD survey on three occasions during a 12- to 18-day window. Demographic characteristics and child diet were assessed at Time 1. Child height and weight were measured during the in-home observations (following Time 1 survey).
  
  
  
  Exploratory factor analysis with Time 1 data was used to identify potential scales. Scales with more than three items were examined for scale reduction. Following this, mean scores were calculated at each time point. Construct validity was assessed by examining Spearman rank correlations between mean scores (Time 1) and children's diet (fruits and vegetables, sugar-sweetened beverages, snacks, sweets) and body mass index (BMI) z scores. Repeated measures analysis of variance was used to examine differences in mean scores between time points, and single-measure intraclass correlations were calculated to examine test-retest reliability between time points.
  
  
  
  Exploratory factor analysis identified 24 factors and retained 124 items; however, scale reduction narrowed items to 86. The final instrument captures five coercive control practices (16 items), seven autonomy support practices (24 items), and 12 structure practices (46 items). All scales demonstrated good internal reliability (α>.62), 18 factors demonstrated construct validity (significant association with child diet, P<0.05), and 22 demonstrated good reliability (intraclass correlation coefficient>0.61).
  
  
  
  The HomeSTEAD family food practices survey provides a brief, yet comprehensive and psychometrically sound assessment of food parenting practices.
authors.forename: Amber E
authors.initials: AE
authors.lastname: Vaughn
authors.forename: Tracy
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Dearth-Wesley
authors.forename: Rachel G
authors.initials: RG
authors.lastname: Tabak
authors.forename: Maria
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Bryant
authors.forename: Dianne S
authors.initials: DS
authors.lastname: Ward
mesh_terms: D015992:Body Mass Index; D002648:Child; D002652:Child Behavior; D002675:Child, Preschool; D002755:Choice Behavior; D000072001:Diet, Healthy; D002149:Energy Intake; D015444:Exercise; D005518:Food Preferences; D005638:Fruit; D015438:Health Behavior; D006266:Health Education; D006801:Humans; D009657:North Carolina; D010287:Parent-Child Relations; D016487:Parenting; D011594:Psychometrics; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D014675:Vegetables
keywords: Children; Feeding practices; Measurement; Parents; Psychometric properties