title: Acetylation of androgen receptor by ARD1 promotes dissociation from HSP90 complex and prostate tumorigenesis.
abstract: Prostate cancer is an androgen receptor (AR)-driven disease and post-translational modification of AR is critical for AR activation. We previously reported that Arrest-defective protein 1 (ARD1) is an oncoprotein in prostate cancer. It acetylates and activates AR to promote prostate tumorigenesis. However, the ARD1-targeted residue within AR and the mechanisms of the acetylation event in prostate tumorigenesis remained unknown. In this study, we show that ARD1 acetylates AR at lysine 618 (K618) in vitro and in vivo. An AR construct with the charged lysine substitution by arginine (AR-618R) reduces RNA Pol II binding, AR transcriptional activity, prostate cancer cell growth, and xenograft tumor formation due to attenuation of AR nuclear translocation, whereas, construct mimicking neutral polar substitution acetylation at K618 by glutamine (AR-618Q) enhanced these effects beyond that of the wild-type AR. Mechanistically, ARD1 forms a ternary complex with AR and HSP90 in vitro and in vivo. Expression of ARD1 increases levels of AR acetylation and AR-HSP90 dissociation in a dose dependent manner. Moreover, the AR acetylation defective K618R mutant is unable to dissociate from HSP90 while the HSP90-dissociated AR is acetylated following ligand exposure. This work identifies a new mechanism for ligand-induced AR-HSP90 dissociation and AR activation. Targeting ARD1-mediated AR acetylation may be a potent intervention for AR-dependent prostate cancer therapy.
authors.affiliation: Department of Genetics, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans,  LA, 70112, USA.|Department of Pathology, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA, 70112, USA|Department of Pediatrics, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, LA, 70112, USA
authors.forename: John S
authors.initials: JS
authors.lastname: DePaolo
authors.affiliation: Department of Genetics, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans,  LA, 70112, USA.
authors.forename: Zehua
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: Department of Genetics, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans,  LA, 70112, USA.
authors.forename: Jianhui
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Guo
authors.forename: Guanyi
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: Department of Genetics, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans,  LA, 70112, USA.
authors.forename: Chiping
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Qian
authors.forename: Haitao
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.forename: Jovanny
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Zabaleta
authors.affiliation: Department of Genetics, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans,  LA, 70112, USA.
authors.forename: Wanguo
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Liu
mesh_terms: D000107:Acetylation; D000818:Animals; D045744:Cell Line, Tumor; D002467:Cell Nucleus / Q000378:metabolism; D018841:HSP90 Heat-Shock Proteins / Q000737:chemistry*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D063209:N-Terminal Acetyltransferase A / Q000502:physiology*; D063213:N-Terminal Acetyltransferase E / Q000502:physiology*; D011471:Prostatic Neoplasms / Q000209:etiology* / Q000378:metabolism; D011499:Protein Processing, Post-Translational; D011944:Receptors, Androgen / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: C410798:AR protein, human; D018841:HSP90 Heat-Shock Proteins; D011944:Receptors, Androgen; D063209:N-Terminal Acetyltransferase A; C504824:NAA10 protein, human; D063213:N-Terminal Acetyltransferase E
keywords: AR acetylation; AR-HSP90 dissociation; ARD1; prostate tumorigenesis