title: Periodontal Health among Non-Hospitalized Chronic Psychiatric Patients in Mangaluru City-India.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  A substantial section of society constituting the mentally ill and psychiatric patients deserve special attention. Evidence has suggested that psychological factors have contributed to an increase in the susceptibility to periodontal disease.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  The aim of the study was to evaluate the gingival and periodontal health of chronically non-hospitalized psychiatric patients in Mangaluru city, India.
  
  
  METHODS
  Forty one psychiatric patients having chronic psychiatric illness and on neuroleptic medications for a minimum of 2 years were included in the study. The control group consisted of 41 healthy dental patients who were selected to match the study group by age and gender, and for both groups 20 teeth excluding the third molars should be present. Demographic characteristics, dental examination including gingival index and periodontal health according to the community periodontal index were recorded for each patient in both the groups.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In the psychiatric patient group (Group A) 47.1% subjects were suffering from schizophrenia and 17.6% subjects were having mood disorder. Gingivitis varied from mild to severe among the patients of both the groups. Bleeding on probing (CPI 1) was recorded in 23.5% in Group A and 14.6% in Group B. Dental calculus (CPI 2) in 38.2% in Group A and 58.5% in Group B of the subjects, 20.6% with at least one 4mm to 5mm pocket (CPI 3), and 17.6% with at least one 6mm pocket (CPI 4).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The present study underlines a considerable need for prevention and treatment of periodontal disease among chronic psychiatric patients in Mangaluru city. Every effort should be made to increase the awareness of this cohort regarding the importance of oral hygiene practices and on the early diagnosis of periodontal problems.
authors.affiliation: Reader, Department of Periodontics, Manipal College of Dental Scienes, Manipal University , Mangaluru, Karnataka, India .
authors.forename: Sangeeta Umesh
authors.initials: SU
authors.lastname: Nayak
authors.affiliation: Intern, Manipal College of Dental Sciences , Mangaluru, Karnataka, India .
authors.forename: Rashmi
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Singh
authors.affiliation: Professor and Head, Department of Psychiatry, Kasturba Medical College, Manipal University , Mangaluru, Karnataka, India .
authors.forename: Keshava Pai
authors.initials: KP
authors.lastname: Kota
keywords: Gingivitis; Oral Health; Periodontal pocket; Psychiatric illness