title: Risk of obstructive sleep apnea, excessive daytime sleepiness and depressive symptoms in a Nigerian elderly population.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate the risk of obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) in a primary care population of elderly Nigerians and to determine its correlates.
  
  
  METHODS
  Clinical and demographic data of 414 elderly individuals in a primary care clinic were obtained. Their risk of OSA was estimated using Berlin questionnaire while Epworth sleepiness scale and the Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale (CESD-10) were also administered.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Of the 414 subjects, 96 (23.2%) met the criteria for a high risk for OSA with a male to female ratio of 1:1. Subjects at high OSA risk (high OSA risk group) were younger than those at low OSA risk (low OSA risk group) (71.4±6.8 vs 73.6±7.7, p=0.011). Mean body mass index (BMI, kg/m(2)) (27.3±5.8 vs 24.7±5.1, p<0.001) and waist circumference (WC, cm) (90.7±13.1 vs 86.5±13.9, p=0.011) were higher in the high OSA risk group compared with the low OSA risk group. A total of 215 (51.9%) and 62 (15.0%) subjects had clinically significant depressive symptoms (CESD-10 score≥10) and excessive daytime sleepiness (EDS), respectively. On regression, the odds of EDS, depressive symptoms, increased BMI and younger age were significantly higher in the high OSA risk group compared with the low OSA risk group.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  High risk for OSA and depressive symptoms are common in our sample of elderly Nigerians. Depressive symptoms, EDS, BMI and age independently predict high OSA risk in the elderly.
authors.affiliation: Neurology Unit, Department of Medicine, College of Health Sciences, Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile-Ife, Nigeria.
authors.forename: Michael B
authors.initials: MB
authors.lastname: Fawale
authors.affiliation: Department of Mental Health, State Specialist Hospital, Osogbo, Nigeria.
authors.forename: Olanrewaju
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Ibigbami
authors.affiliation: Department of Family Medicine, State Hospital, Ilesa, Nigeria.
authors.forename: Ishaq
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Ismail
authors.affiliation: Neurology Unit, Department of Medicine, College of Health Sciences, Ladoke Akintola University of Technology, Ogbomoso, Nigeria.
authors.forename: Adekunle F
authors.initials: AF
authors.lastname: Mustapha
authors.affiliation: Neurology Unit, Department of Medicine, College of Health Sciences, Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile-Ife, Nigeria.
authors.forename: Morenikeji A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Komolafe
authors.affiliation: Endocrinology Unit, Department of Medicine, College of Health Sciences, Ladoke Akintola University of Technology, Ogbomoso, Nigeria.
authors.forename: Michael A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Olamoyegun
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemical Pathology, College of Health Sciences, Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile-Ife, Nigeria.
authors.forename: Tewogbade A
authors.initials: TA
authors.lastname: Adedeji
keywords: Elderly; Nigeria; Obstructive sleep apnea; Predictors; Prevalence; Primary care