title: Paradoxical Role of HMGB1 in Pancreatic Cancer: Tumor Suppressor or Tumor Promoter?
abstract: Pancreatic cancer has a dismal prognosis and there is an increasing and unmet need to identify better diagnostic and therapeutic targets in order to ameliorate the course of the disease. HMGB1, a nuclear DNA-binding protein that acts as a transcription factor, is currently in the limelight. HMGB1 exhibits a dual role in pancreatic cancer; when intracellular, it acts as an anti-tumor protein stabilizing the genome, whereas extracellular HMGB1 behaves as a pro-tumor protein with cytokine, chemokine and growth factor functions. Although the exact mechanisms of HMGB1 in pancreatic cancer are still to be elucidated, the significance of this protein for processes, such as autophagy, immunogenic cell death, tumor growth, metastasis and resistance to chemotherapy, have become increasingly clear. In this review, we provide a systematic summary and review of the biological and clinical relevance of HMGB1 in pancreatic cancer.
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, Clinical Sciences Lund, Lund University and Skåne University Hospital, Lund, Sweden.
authors.forename: María José García
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Cebrián
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, Clinical Sciences Lund, Lund University and Skåne University Hospital, Lund, Sweden.
authors.forename: Monika
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Bauden
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, Clinical Sciences Lund, Lund University and Skåne University Hospital, Lund, Sweden.
authors.forename: Roland
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Andersson
authors.affiliation: Institute of Laboratory Medicine, German Heart Center at the Technical University Munich, Munich, Germany.
authors.forename: Stefan
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Holdenrieder
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, Clinical Sciences Lund, Lund University and Skåne University Hospital, Lund, Sweden daniel.ansari@med.lu.se.
authors.forename: Daniel
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Ansari
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D017209:Apoptosis; D001343:Autophagy; D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor; D003841:Deoxycytidine / Q000031:analogs & derivatives / Q000737:chemistry; D019008:Drug Resistance, Neoplasm; D016147:Genes, Tumor Suppressor; D024243:HMGB1 Protein / Q000378:metabolism*; D006801:Humans; D051379:Mice; D010190:Pancreatic Neoplasms / Q000378:metabolism*; D011379:Prognosis; D011401:Promoter Regions, Genetic; D000093542:Gemcitabine
chemical_list: D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor; D024243:HMGB1 Protein; C585491:HMGB1 protein, human; D003841:Deoxycytidine; D000093542:Gemcitabine
keywords: HMGB1; biomarker; pancreatic cancer; review; tumor promoter; tumor suppressor