title: Annual Psychological Screening in Youth and Young Adults with Type 1 Diabetes.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Youth and young adults with type 1 diabetes are at a great risk for developing depression and diabetes specific distress, therefore, systematic psychological screening is recommended. Routine psychological screening was implemented in Slovene diabetes clinic for children, adolescents and young adults in 2012. One-year results are presented.
  
  
  METHODS
  Adolescents and young adults (N = 159, aged 11 - 25 years), attending the obligatory yearly educational outpatient visit at University Children's Hospital, Ljubljana, Slovenia, were examined using questionnaires measuring depression (depression scale from Slovene version of Trauma Symptom Checklist for Children) and diabetes distress (Diabetes Distress Screening Scale). Six additional items were included to assess the fear of hypoglycemia and family support. Socio-demographic and diabetes-related data were collected. Questionnaires were analyzed by a psychologist, and the patients that scored above cut-off point were invited to an individual psychological assessment.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Of the sample, 1.3 % reached the threshold for elevated depressive symptoms, and 32.7 % reported significant diabetes distress. The need for psychological support from a specialist was expressed by 5.0 %. There were statistically significant associations between all psychological variables; moreover, better glycemic control was associated with lower diabetes distress and better family support. Nine patients (5.7 %) started with psychological treatment according to the referrals after screening.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The results after one year of psychological screening in Slovene type 1 diabetes population displayed small rates of depression and a large proportion of diabetes distress. Only a small percentage of patients attended the offered individual psychological assessment.
authors.affiliation: University Medical Centre Ljubljana, University Children's Hospital, Department of Pediatric Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolic Diseases, Bohoriceva 20, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia.
authors.forename: Simona
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Klemenčič
authors.affiliation: Diabetes Psychology Research Group, Department of Medical Psychology, EMGO Institute for Health and Care Research, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Maartje
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: de Wit
authors.affiliation: University Medical Centre Ljubljana, University Children's Hospital, Department of Pediatric Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolic Diseases, Bohoriceva 20, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia.
authors.forename: Miha
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Rutar
authors.affiliation: University Medical Centre Ljubljana, University Children's Hospital, Department of Pediatric Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolic Diseases, Bohoriceva 20, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia; University of Ljubljana, Faculty of Medicine, Vrazov trg 2, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia.
authors.forename: Tadej
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Battelino
authors.affiliation: University Medical Centre Ljubljana, University Children's Hospital, Department of Pediatric Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolic Diseases, Bohoriceva 20, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia.
authors.forename: Nataša
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Bratina
keywords: depression; diabetes distress; family support; fear of hypoglycemia; glycemic control