title: Multidirectional lip-closing force in adult females after short-term lip training.
abstract: The purpose of this study was to investigate the multidirectional lip-closing force in adult females before and after short-term lip training. Sixty-six Japanese females participated in this study. The subjects performed lip training that involved maintaining 200 or 400 g of bottled water in the oral vestibule. The signals of directional lip-closing force were investigated in eight directions before training and 5 and 7 days after the lip training. The differences in the closing force between pre- and post-training were then analysed statistically. The lip-closing force increased in the following order: pre-training, 5 days post-training and 7 days post-training in every direction (P < 0·05). The patterns of the increase in the lip-closing force in the upper, lower, right and left directions as a result of the repetitions were similar. No significant differences were noted between the training effects with loads of 200 and 400 g. Our findings demonstrated that the lip-closing force was influenced by the short-term lip training.
authors.affiliation: Department of Orthodontics, School of Dentistry, Asahi University, Hozumi, Gifu, Japan.
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Fujiwara
authors.affiliation: Department of Orthodontics, School of Dentistry, Asahi University, Hozumi, Gifu, Japan.
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Tokura
authors.affiliation: Department of Orthodontics, School of Dentistry, Asahi University, Hozumi, Gifu, Japan.
authors.forename: W
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Tome
authors.affiliation: Department of Orthodontics, School of Dentistry, Asahi University, Hozumi, Gifu, Japan. nkitai@dent.asahi-u.ac.jp.
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Kitai
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D044466:Asian People; D005152:Facial Muscles / Q000502:physiology*; D005260:Female; D064368:Healthy Volunteers; D006801:Humans; D008046:Lip / Q000502:physiology*; D008334:Mandible / Q000502:physiology*; D009119:Muscle Contraction / Q000502:physiology*; D053580:Muscle Strength / Q000502:physiology*; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D055815:Young Adult
keywords: female adult; lip training; multidirectional lip-closing force; quantitative load; short-term