title: Ruminative brooding is associated with salience network coherence in early pubertal youth.
abstract: Rumination, and particularly ruminative brooding, perpetuates dysphoric mood states and contributes to the emergence of depression. Studies of adults and older adolescents have characterized the association between rumination and intrinsic functional connectivity within default mode (DMN), salience (SN) and executive control (ECN) networks; we know little, however, about the brain network basis of rumination during early puberty, a sensitive period for network reorganization. 112 early puberty boys and girls completed resting-state scans, the Ruminative Response Scale, and the Youth Self-Report questionnaire. Using independent components analysis and dual regression, we quantified coherence for each individual in networks of interest (SN, ECN, DMN) and in non-relevant networks (motor, visual) in which we predicted no correlations with behavioral measures. Boys and girls did not differ in levels of rumination or internalizing symptoms, or in coherence for any network. The relation between SN network coherence and rumination; however, and specifically ruminative brooding, was moderated by sex: greater SN coherence was associated with higher levels of brooding in girls but not in boys. Further, in girls, brooding mediated the relation between SN coherence and internalizing symptoms. These results point to coherence within the SN as a potential neurodevelopmental marker of risk for depression in early pubertal girls.
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA.
authors.forename: Sarah J
authors.initials: SJ
authors.lastname: Ordaz
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA.
authors.forename: Joelle
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: LeMoult
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA.
authors.forename: Natalie L
authors.initials: NL
authors.lastname: Colich
authors.affiliation: Imaging Genetics Center & Laboratory of Neuro Imaging, USC Mark and Mary Stevens Neuroimaging and Informatics Institute, Keck School of Medicine of USC, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
authors.forename: Gautam
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Prasad
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA.
authors.forename: Madeline
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Pollak
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA.
authors.forename: Morgan
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Popolizio
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA.
authors.forename: Alexandra
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Price
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology and Neurological Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA.
authors.forename: Michael
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Greicius
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA.
authors.forename: Ian H
authors.initials: IH
authors.lastname: Gotlib
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D001288:Attention / Q000502:physiology*; D001921:Brain / Q000502:physiology*; D001931:Brain Mapping / Q000379:methods; D002648:Child; D003866:Depressive Disorder / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000523:psychology; D056344:Executive Function / Q000502:physiology*; D005260:Female; D059907:Functional Neuroimaging; D006179:Gyrus Cinguli / Q000503:physiopathology; D006801:Humans; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging; D008297:Male; D009415:Nerve Net / Q000503:physiopathology*; D011627:Puberty / Q000502:physiology* / Q000523:psychology*; D013239:Stereotyped Behavior / Q000502:physiology*; D013850:Thinking / Q000502:physiology*
keywords: anterior cingulate; intrinsic functional connectivity; puberty; rumination; salience network