title: Comparing the demands of destination entry using Google Glass and the Samsung Galaxy S4 during simulated driving.
abstract: The relative impact of using a Google Glass based voice interface to enter a destination address compared to voice and touch-entry methods using a handheld Samsung Galaxy S4 smartphone was assessed in a driving simulator. Voice entry (Google Glass and Samsung) had lower subjective workload ratings, lower standard deviation of lateral lane position, shorter task durations, faster remote Detection Response Task (DRT) reaction times, lower DRT miss rates, and resulted in less time glancing off-road than the primary visual-manual interaction with the Samsung Touch interface. Comparing voice entry methods, using Google Glass took less time, while glance metrics and reaction time to DRT events responded to were similar. In contrast, DRT miss rate was higher for Google Glass, suggesting that drivers may be under increased distraction levels but for a shorter period of time; whether one or the other equates to an overall safer driving experience is an open question.
authors.affiliation: MIT Department of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Man Vehicle Lab, United States. Electronic address: niekbeckers@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Niek
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Beckers
authors.affiliation: MIT Department of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Man Vehicle Lab, United States. Electronic address: schr0910@umn.edu.
authors.forename: Sam
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Schreiner
authors.affiliation: MIT Department of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Man Vehicle Lab, United States. Electronic address: pjberta@mit.edu.
authors.forename: Pierre
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Bertrand
authors.affiliation: MIT AgeLab and New England University Transportation Center, United States. Electronic address: bmehler@mit.edu.
authors.forename: Bruce
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Mehler
authors.affiliation: MIT AgeLab and New England University Transportation Center, United States. Electronic address: reimer@mit.edu.
authors.forename: Bryan
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Reimer
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D003198:Computer Simulation; D000071826:Distracted Driving / Q000523:psychology*; D005133:Eye Movements; D005260:Female; D040362:Geographic Information Systems; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D011930:Reaction Time; D000068997:Smartphone; D013647:Task Performance and Analysis; D013997:Time Factors; D014110:Touch; D014831:Voice; D016526:Workload / Q000523:psychology*; D055815:Young Adult
keywords: Attention; Detection response task; Distraction; Workload