title: Development of short-form and screening cutoff point of the Smartphone Addiction Inventory (SPAI-SF).
abstract: Smartphone addiction is considered a form of technological addiction that has attracted increasing attention. The present study developed and validated the short-form Smartphone Addiction Inventory (SPAI-SF) and established cutoff point for screening smartphone addiction based on diagnostic criteria established by psychiatric interview. A total of 268 participants completed an online survey that collected demographic data, smartphone use behaviours, and responses to the 26-item SPAI. Each participant also completed a psychiatric interview. Confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) revealed that the 10-item SPAI-SF replicated the structure of original 26-item SPAI accurately, yielding a four-factor model consisting of compulsive behaviour, functional impairment, withdrawal, and tolerance. For maximal diagnostic accuracy, a cutoff point of 24/25 best discriminated cases of smartphone addiction from diagnostic negatives. The present findings suggest that both the 26-item SPAI and SPAI-SF manifest the four constructs of behavioural addiction and the characteristics of smartphone addiction. The cutoff point determined by psychiatrists' diagnostic interview will be useful for clinical screening and epidemiologic research.
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.|Department of Psychiatry, National Taiwan University, College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Yu-Hsuan
authors.initials: YH
authors.lastname: Lin
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychology, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Yuan-Chien
authors.initials: YC
authors.lastname: Pan
authors.affiliation: Department of Biostatistics, Columbia University, New York, USA.
authors.forename: Sheng-Hsuan
authors.initials: SH
authors.lastname: Lin
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychology, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Sue-Huei
authors.initials: SH
authors.lastname: Chen
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D016739:Behavior, Addictive / Q000175:diagnosis*; D005163:Factor Analysis, Statistical; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D011569:Psychiatric Status Rating Scales; D011594:Psychometrics; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D057566:Self Report; D000068997:Smartphone; D055815:Young Adult
keywords: cutoff point; short-form SPAI; smartphone addiction