title: Chronobiology of Takotsubo Syndrome and Myocardial Infarction: Analogies and Differences.
abstract: Several pathophysiologic factors, not harmful if taken alone, are capable of triggering unfavorable events when presenting together within the same temporal window (chronorisk), and the occurrence of many cardiovascular events is not evenly distributed in time. Both acute myocardial infarction and takotsubo syndrome seem to exhibit a temporal preference in their onset, characterized by variations according to time of day, day of the week, and month of the year, although with both analogies and differences.
authors.affiliation: Clinica Medica Unit, School of Medicine, University of Ferrara, Via Lodovico Ariosto, 35, Ferrara 44121, Italy. Electronic address: roberto.manfredini@unife.it.
authors.forename: Roberto
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Manfredini
authors.affiliation: Department of Biomedical Sciences and Surgical Specialties, Vascular Diseases Center, School of Medicine, University of Ferrara, Via Lodovico Ariosto, 35, Ferrara 44121, Italy.
authors.forename: Fabio
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Manfredini
authors.affiliation: Clinica Medica Unit, School of Medicine, University of Ferrara, Via Lodovico Ariosto, 35, Ferrara 44121, Italy.
authors.forename: Fabio
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Fabbian
authors.affiliation: 2nd Internal Unit of Internal Medicine, General Hospital of Ferrara, Via Aldo Moro 8, Ferrara 44020, Italy.
authors.forename: Raffaella
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Salmi
authors.affiliation: 1st Internal Unit of Internal Medicine, General Hospital of Ferrara, Via Aldo Moro 8, Ferrara 44020, Italy.
authors.forename: Massimo
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Gallerani
authors.affiliation: 'Cava de' Tirreni and Amalfi Coast' Division of Cardiology, Heart Department, University Hospital of Salerno, Via San Leonardo 1, Salerno 84013, Italy.
authors.forename: Eduardo
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Bossone
authors.affiliation: Mayo Clinic Heart Rhythm Section, Cardiovascular Diseases, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55902, USA.
authors.forename: Abhishek J
authors.initials: AJ
authors.lastname: Deshmukh
mesh_terms: D002909:Chronobiology Phenomena; D003937:Diagnosis, Differential; D006801:Humans; D009203:Myocardial Infarction / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000503:physiopathology*; D012307:Risk Factors; D012621:Seasons; D054549:Takotsubo Cardiomyopathy / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000503:physiopathology*
keywords: Acute myocardial infarction; Chronobiology, phenomena; Circadian rhythm; Day of week; Gender; Monday; Seasons; Takotsubo syndrome