title: Opioid prescribing habits of physicians in Kwara State, Nigeria.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Although opioid analgesics are effective in the treatment of moderate to severe acute, cancer and chronic non-malignant pains, they are under-prescribed in Nigeria. The objective of this study was to assess the prescription pattern of opioids among physicians in a north central State, Nigeria..
  
  
  METHODS
  This was a descriptive cross sectional study.
  
  
  METHODS
  The study was conducted at the International Association for the Study of Pain (IASP)-sponsored workshops on pain and palliative care at the University of Ilorin Teaching Hospital, Ilorin, Nigeria.
  
  
  METHODS
  These were physicians at the monthly workshops organized by the Pain and Palliative Care Unit of the hospital between August 2011 and July, 2012.
  
  
  METHODS
  Pre-tested semi-structured questionnaires were used to obtain responses to questions on pain management including opioids utilization in the various hospitals of the 114 participants.
  
  
  METHODS
  The main outcome measure was opioid prescription by the participants.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Out of the 114 questionnaires distributed, 113 were returned with complete information giving a response rate of 99.1%. The mean age of the respondents was 42.0±10.8 years. Although 97.3% of the respondents reported that pain was a frequent complaint in their practice, 69.5% of those who reported seeing patients with moderate to severe pain on a daily basis rarely or never prescribed opioid analgesics. The reasons given for poor opioid prescription were fear of respiratory depression (86.8%), fear of addiction (85.1%) and non-availability (28.9%).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Opioid prescription rate for patients with moderate-severe pain is low possibly due to myths and misconceptions about their adverse effects.
  
  
  BACKGROUND
  International Association for the Study of Pain (IASP) Initiative for Improving Pain Education Grant awarded to Dr. K.W. Wahab in 2011.
authors.affiliation: Department of Anaesthesia, Faculty of Clinical Sciences, University of Ilorin, Ilorin, Nigeria.
authors.forename: Zakari A
authors.initials: ZA
authors.lastname: Suleiman
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine, Faculty of Clinical Sciences, University of Ilorin, Ilorin, Nigeria.
authors.forename: Kolawole W
authors.initials: KW
authors.lastname: Wahab
authors.affiliation: Department of Anaesthesia, Faculty of Clinical Sciences, University of Ilorin, Ilorin, Nigeria.
authors.forename: Israel K
authors.initials: IK
authors.lastname: Kolawole
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000701:Analgesics, Opioid / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D059350:Chronic Pain / Q000188:drug therapy*; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D011307:Drug Prescriptions / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009549:Nigeria; D010818:Practice Patterns, Physicians' / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires
chemical_list: D000701:Analgesics, Opioid
keywords: Nigeria; Opioid analgesics; physicians; prescribing habits