title: Short term outcome of laparoscopic ventral rectopexy for rectal prolapse.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To find out the short term outcomes of effectiveness and safety of laparoscopic ventral rectopexy for rectal prolapse.
  
  
  METHODS
  It was a descriptive case series study of 31 consecutive patients of rectal prolapse in Colorectal division of Ward 2, Department of General surgery, Jinnah Post Graduate Medical Center, Karachi, from November 2009 to November 2015. These patients were admitted through outpatient department with complains of something coming out of anus, constipation and per rectal bleeding. All patients were clinically examined and baseline investigations were done. All patients underwent laparoscopic repair with ventral mesh placement on rectum.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Among 31 patients, mean age was 45 years range (20 - 72). While females were 14(45%) and males 17(55%). We observed variety of presentations, including solitary rectal ulcers (n=4) and rectocele (n=3) but full thickness rectal prolapse was predominant(n=24). All patients had laparoscopic repair with mesh placement. Average hospital stay was three days. Out of 31 patients, there was one (3.2%) recurrence. Port site minor infection in 3(9.7%) patients, while conversion to open approach was done in two (6.4%), postoperative ileus observed in two (6.4%) patients. one(3.2%) patient developed intractable back pain and mesh was removed six weeks after the operation. one(4.8%) patient complained of abdominal pain off and on postoperatively. No patient developed denovo or worsening constipation while constipation was improved in 21 patients (67%). Sexual dysfunction such as dysperunia in females and impotence in males was not detected in follow up.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This study provides the limited evidence that nerve sparing laparoscopic ventral rectopexy is safe and effective treatment of external and symptomatic internal rectal prolapse. It has better cosmetic and functional outcome as advantages of minimal access and comparable recurrence rate.
authors.affiliation: Dr. Muhammad Naeem, Senior Registrar General Surgery, Department of Surgery, Ward 2, Jinnah Postgraduate Medical Centre, Karachi, Pakistan.
authors.forename: Muhammad
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Naeem
authors.affiliation: Dr. Mariyah Anwer, Senior Registrar General Surgery, Department of Surgery, Ward 2, Jinnah Postgraduate Medical Centre, Karachi, Pakistan.
authors.forename: Mariyah
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Anwer
authors.affiliation: Muhammad Shamim Qureshi, Professor of General Surgery, Department of Surgery, Ward 2, Jinnah Postgraduate Medical Centre, Karachi, Pakistan.
authors.forename: Muhammad Shamim
authors.initials: MS
authors.lastname: Qureshi
keywords: Complete rectal prolapse management; Laparoscopic nerve sparing ventral rectopexy (LVR); Ventral rectopexy