title: Microcrystalline cellulose: Isolation, characterization and bio-composites application-A review.
abstract: Considering its widespread usage in various fields, such as food, pharmaceutical, medical, cosmetic and polymer composites industries, microcrystalline cellulose (MCC) is becoming impellent due to increasing demand of alternatives to non-renewable and scarce fossil materials. Although it still suffers from some drawbacks, MCC has recently gained more interest owing to its renewability, non-toxicity, economic value, biodegradability, high mechanical properties, high surface area and biocompatibility. New sources, new isolation processes, and new treatments are currently under development to satisfy the increasing demand of producing new types of MCC-based materials on an industrial scale. Therefore, this review assembles the current knowledge on the isolation of MCC from different sources using various procedures, its characterization, and its application in bio-composites. Challenges and future opportunities of MCC-based composites are discussed as well as obstacles remaining for their extensive uses.
authors.affiliation: UER Chimie Appliquée, Ecole Militaire Polytechnique, BP 17, Bordj El-Bahri, Algiers, Algeria. Electronic address: djalaltrache@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Djalal
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Trache
authors.affiliation: Lignocellulosic Research Group, School of Chemical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 11800 Minden, Penang, Malaysia.
authors.forename: M Hazwan
authors.initials: MH
authors.lastname: Hussin
authors.affiliation: Lignocellulosic Research Group, School of Chemical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 11800 Minden, Penang, Malaysia.
authors.forename: Caryn Tan
authors.initials: CT
authors.lastname: Hui Chuin
authors.affiliation: School of Distance Education, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 11800 Minden, Penang, Malaysia.
authors.forename: Sumiyyah
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Sabar
authors.affiliation: School of Industrial Technology, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 11800 Minden, Penang, Malaysia.
authors.forename: M R Nurul
authors.initials: MR
authors.lastname: Fazita
authors.affiliation: School of Industrial Technology, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 11800 Minden, Penang, Malaysia; Federal Institute of Industrial Research, Oshodi, Nigeria.
authors.forename: Owolabi F A
authors.initials: OF
authors.lastname: Taiwo
authors.affiliation: School of Industrial Technology, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 11800 Minden, Penang, Malaysia.
authors.forename: T M
authors.initials: TM
authors.lastname: Hassan
authors.affiliation: School of Industrial Technology, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 11800 Minden, Penang, Malaysia.
authors.forename: M K Mohamad
authors.initials: MK
authors.lastname: Haafiz
mesh_terms: D002482:Cellulose / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000302:isolation & purification*
chemical_list: D002482:Cellulose; C109691:microcrystalline cellulose
keywords: Bio-composite; Characterization; Isolation; Microcrystalline cellulose