title: Use of a lumen-apposing metal stent to treat GI strictures (with videos).
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Benign GI strictures occur typically in the esophagus and pyloric channel but can occur anywhere in the GI tract and at anastomotic sites. Such strictures can be treated with dilation, incisional therapy, steroid injection, and stents. Our aim was to describe the use of a lumen-apposing metal stent (LAMS) to treat short, benign GI strictures.
  
  
  METHODS
  Consecutive patients who underwent LAMS placement for various benign strictures at 2 tertiary care centers from August 2014 to November 2015 were reviewed retrospectively. The main outcome measures were technical success, clinical success, stent migration, and adverse events.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Twenty-five patients (7 males, 18 females) with a median age of 54 years (33-85 years) underwent 28 LAMS placements to treat various benign strictures. The location of the strictures included esophagogastric anastomoses (n=4), gastrojejunal anastomoses (n=13), pylorus (n=6), vertical banded gastroplasty (n=1), and ileocolonic anastomosis (n=1). Twenty patients had been previously treated with dilation alone (9 patients with ≥3 dilations), 11 patients with dilation and steroid injection, 2 patients with additional needle-knife therapy, and 1 patient with placement of a traditional fully covered self-expandable metal stent. A 15-mm internal diameter LAMS was placed in all patients; 3 patients had been treated previously with a 10-mm LAMS. Technical success was achieved in all patients, whereas clinical success was achieved in 15 of 25 patients (60%) who completed a minimum of 6 months of follow-up after placement. Median stent dwell time was 92 days (range, 3-273 days). Stent migration was seen in 2 of 28 stent placements (7%). Four of 25 patients (16%) developed 5 moderate adverse events (pain requiring removal, 2; new stricture formation, 2; bleeding, 1). Median follow-up was 301 days after stent placement. Study limitations include the small, select group of patients, the retrospective study design, and short follow-up.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  LAMS placement for benign GI strictures is technically easy and safe with low migration rates and may be an option to treat selected patients with short-length strictures.
authors.affiliation: Department of Gastroenterology, Virginia Mason Medical Center, Seattle, Washington, USA.
authors.forename: Shayan
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Irani
authors.affiliation: Division of Gastroenterology & Hepatology, University of North Carolina, Charlotte, North Carolina, USA.
authors.forename: Sujai
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Jalaj
authors.affiliation: Department of Gastroenterology, Virginia Mason Medical Center, Seattle, Washington, USA.
authors.forename: Andrew
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Ross
authors.affiliation: Department of Gastroenterology, Virginia Mason Medical Center, Seattle, Washington, USA.
authors.forename: Michael
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Larsen
authors.affiliation: Division of Gastroenterology & Hepatology, University of North Carolina, Charlotte, North Carolina, USA.
authors.forename: Ian S
authors.initials: IS
authors.lastname: Grimm
authors.affiliation: Division of Gastroenterology & Hepatology, University of North Carolina, Charlotte, North Carolina, USA.
authors.forename: Todd H
authors.initials: TH
authors.lastname: Baron
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D003082:Colectomy; D003251:Constriction, Pathologic / Q000209:etiology / Q000601:surgery*; D016629:Esophagectomy; D004943:Esophagogastric Junction / Q000601:surgery; D005260:Female; D015390:Gastric Bypass; D005767:Gastrointestinal Diseases / Q000209:etiology / Q000601:surgery*; D015391:Gastroplasty; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008670:Metals; D008875:Middle Aged; D010437:Peptic Ulcer / Q000150:complications; D011183:Postoperative Complications / Q000601:surgery*; D011708:Pylorus / Q000601:surgery*; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D000069322:Self Expandable Metallic Stents; D015607:Stents; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D008670:Metals