title: Effects of Different Soil Amendments on Mixed Heavy Metals Contamination in Vetiver Grass.
abstract: Three different types of low cost soil amendments, namely, EDTA, elemental S and N-fertilizer, were investigated with Vetiver grass, Vetiveria zizanioides (Linn.) Nash growing under highly mixed Cd-Pb contamination conditions. A significant increase (p < 0.05) in Cd and Pb accumulation were recorded in the shoots of all EDTA and N-fertilizer assisted treatments. The accumulation of Cd in 25 mmol EDTA/kg soil and 300 mmol N/kg soil showed relatively higher translocation factor (1.72 and 2.15) and percentage metal efficacy (63.25 % and 68.22 %), respectively, compared to other treatments. However, it was observed that the increased application of elemental S may inhibit the availability of Pb translocation from soil-to-root and root-to-shoot. The study suggests that viable application of 25 mmol EDTA/kg, 300 mmol N/kg and 20 mmol S/kg soil have the potential to be used for soil amendment with Vetiver grass growing under contaminated mixed Cd-Pb soil conditions.
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Science, Institute of Biological Sciences, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia. chuckz89@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Chuck Chuan
authors.identifier: http://orcid.org/0000-0002-6950-7788
authors.initials: CC
authors.lastname: Ng
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Science, Institute of Biological Sciences, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
authors.forename: Amru Nasrulhaq
authors.initials: AN
authors.lastname: Boyce
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Science, Institute of Biological Sciences, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.|Department of Plant Agriculture, Ontario Agricultural College, University of Guelph, Ontario, Canada.
authors.forename: Md Motior
authors.initials: MM
authors.lastname: Rahman
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Science, Chemistry Department, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
authors.forename: Mhd Radzi
authors.initials: MR
authors.lastname: Abas
mesh_terms: D001673:Biodegradation, Environmental; D049930:Chrysopogon; D005308:Fertilizers / Q000032:analysis; D019216:Metals, Heavy / Q000032:analysis*; D018517:Plant Roots / Q000737:chemistry; D012987:Soil / Q000737:chemistry*; D012989:Soil Pollutants / Q000032:analysis*
chemical_list: D005308:Fertilizers; D019216:Metals, Heavy; D012987:Soil; D012989:Soil Pollutants
keywords: EDTA; Elemental S; Mixed contamination; N-fertilizer; Soil amendment; Vetiver grass