title: Prevalence and pathogenesis of some filarial nematodes infecting donkeys in Egypt.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The primary objective of the present study is to determine the commonness of filarial parasites in donkeys in Egypt, identification of the filarial species tainting them and the delivered pathogenic impact connected with the infestation.
  
  
  METHODS
  A total of 188 donkeys were examined for filarial infection. The blood samples and scraping of the cutaneous bleeding lesions were collected, stained, and inspected for microfilariae all through the period from March 2011 to October 2013. The adult worms were perceived in tissue samples acquired from skin scraping, testes, eyes, tendons, peritoneal and pleural cavities, and the ligamentum nuchae.
  
  
  RESULTS
  On the basis of morphological identification, 163 of 188 donkeys (86.70%) were infected with Onchocerca cervicalis (82.98%), Setaria equina (31.11%), Parafilaria multipapillosa (5.32%), and Onchocerca reticulata (4.26%). There was no significant effect of the sex on the incidence of all the encounteredfilarial worms except for S. equina, where the infection rate prevailed in males versus females (40.82% vs. 35.90%). In addition, age group of 5-15 years old exhibited a fundamentally higher predominance (p< 0.05) of the recognized filarial worms versus those of < 5 years old and >15 years old.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The preliminary results add to our comprehension of filarial species infecting donkeys in Egypt, their impact on animal execution and production. Accentuation must be taken for avoidance, control of filarial disease, and improvement of the management system of donkeys.
authors.affiliation: Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Banha University, Moshtohor, Toukh 13736, Egypt.
authors.forename: A M
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Radwan
authors.affiliation: Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Banha University, Moshtohor, Toukh 13736, Egypt.
authors.forename: N E
authors.initials: NE
authors.lastname: Ahmed
authors.affiliation: Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Banha University, Moshtohor, Toukh 13736, Egypt.
authors.forename: L M
authors.initials: LM
authors.lastname: Elakabawy
authors.affiliation: Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Banha University, Moshtohor, Toukh 13736, Egypt.
authors.forename: M Y
authors.initials: MY
authors.lastname: Ramadan
authors.affiliation: Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Banha University, Moshtohor, Toukh 13736, Egypt.
authors.forename: R S
authors.initials: RS
authors.lastname: Elmadawy
keywords: Filaria; age; donkey; gender; prevalence