title: Alpinia officinarum Stimulates Osteoblast Mineralization and Inhibits Osteoclast Differentiation.
abstract: Alpinia officinarum rhizome has been used as a traditional herbal remedy to treat inflammatory and internal diseases. Based on the previously observed inhibitory effect of A. officinarum rhizome in an arthritis model, we evaluated whether a water extract of A. officinarum rhizome (WEAO) would enhance in vitro osteoblast mineralization using calvarial osteoblast precursor cells or would inhibit in vitro osteoclast differentiation and bone resorption using bone marrow derived macrophages. In osteoblasts, WEAO enhanced the mRNA levels of transcription factor (runt-related transcription factor 2, smad1, smad5, and junB) and marker (bone morphogenetic protein-2, collagen type 1alpha1, and osteocalcin) genes related to osteoblast mineralization, consistent with increased alizarin red S staining intensity. WEAO markedly inhibited osteoclast differentiation by suppressing the receptor activator for nuclear factor-[Formula: see text]B ligand-induced downregulation of inhibitor of DNA binding 2 and V-maf musculoaponeurotic fibrosarcoma oncogene homolog B and the phosphorylation of c-Jun N-terminal kinase, p38, nuclear factor-[Formula: see text]B, c-Src, and Bruton's tyrosine kinase to induce nuclear factor of activated T cells cytoplasmic 1 expression. WEAO also suppressed the resorbing activity of mature osteoclasts by altering actin ring formation. Therefore, the results of this study demonstrate that WEAO stimulates osteoblast mineralization and inhibits osteoclast differentiation. Thus, WEAO may be a promising herbal candidate to treat or prevent pathological bone diseases by regulating the balance between osteoclast and osteoblast activity.
authors.affiliation: 1 Korea Medicine Application Center, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine, 70 Cheomdanro Dong-gu, Daegu, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Ki-Shuk
authors.initials: KS
authors.lastname: Shim
authors.affiliation: 1 Korea Medicine Application Center, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine, 70 Cheomdanro Dong-gu, Daegu, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Chung-Jo
authors.initials: CJ
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.affiliation: 1 Korea Medicine Application Center, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine, 70 Cheomdanro Dong-gu, Daegu, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Nam-Hui
authors.initials: NH
authors.lastname: Yim
authors.affiliation: 1 Korea Medicine Application Center, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine, 70 Cheomdanro Dong-gu, Daegu, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Min Jung
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Gu
authors.affiliation: 1 Korea Medicine Application Center, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine, 70 Cheomdanro Dong-gu, Daegu, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Jin Yeul
authors.initials: JY
authors.lastname: Ma
mesh_terms: D032429:Alpinia / Q000737:chemistry*; D000818:Animals; D001851:Bone Diseases, Metabolic / Q000517:prevention & control; D002113:Calcification, Physiologic / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000235:genetics; D002454:Cell Differentiation / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000235:genetics; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D003864:Depression, Chemical; D008813:Mice, Inbred ICR; D010006:Osteoblasts / Q000378:metabolism*; D010010:Osteoclasts / Q000166:cytology*; D008517:Phytotherapy; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000302:isolation & purification* / Q000494:pharmacology* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000378:metabolism; D053246:Receptor Activator of Nuclear Factor-kappa B / Q000378:metabolism; D013268:Stimulation, Chemical; D014157:Transcription Factors / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D010936:Plant Extracts; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D053246:Receptor Activator of Nuclear Factor-kappa B; D014157:Transcription Factors
keywords: Alpinia officinarum Rhizome; Nuclear Factor of Activated T cells Cytoplasmic 1; Osteoblast; Osteoclast; Receptor Activator for Nuclear Factor-B Ligand; Runt-Related Transcription Factor 2