title: Extended-spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL)-producing Escherichia coli isolates collected from diseased food-producing animals in the GERM-Vet monitoring program 2008-2014.
abstract: The aim of this study was to identify extended-spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL)-producing Escherichia coli collected from diseased food-producing animals in Germany. A total of 6849 E. coli isolates, collected from diseased cattle, pigs and poultry in the German national monitoring program GERM-Vet (2008-2014), were characterized by antimicrobial susceptibility testing and screened for the ESBL phenotype. ESBL genes were identified by PCR and sequencing. The isolates were further characterized by PCR-based phylotyping. The 419/6849 (6.1%) ESBL-producers identified included 324/2896 (11.2%) isolates from cattle, 75/1562 (4.8%) from pigs and 20/2391 (0.8%) from poultry. The ESBL genes detected were: blaCTX-M-1(69.9%), blaCTX-M-15(13.6%), blaCTX-M-14(11.7%), blaTEM-52(1.9%), blaSHV-12(1.4%), blaCTX-M-3(1.0%), and blaCTX-M-2(0.5%). The phylogroup A was the dominant phylogroup (57.0%) followed by phylogroups D (23.4%), B1 (17.9%), and B2 (1.7%). Bovine isolates belonged predominantly to the phylogroups A and D, whereas the porcine and avian isolates mainly belonged to A and B1. The majority of the ESBL-producing isolates found in each phylogroup were from animals suffering from gastrointestinal infections. In 399/419 isolates (95.2%), additional resistance to non-β-lactam antibiotics was seen. Multidrug-resistance [resistance to aminoglycosides, fluoro(quinolones), sulphonamides, tetracyclines, and trimethoprim] was seen in 369/419 (88.1%) isolates, which may facilitate the co-selection of ESBL genes, when located on the same mobile genetic element as the others resistance genes, and may compromise the therapeutic options.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Farm Animal Genetics, Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut (FLI), Neustadt-Mariensee, Germany. Electronic address: geovana.brenner@fli.de.
authors.forename: Geovana Brenner
authors.initials: GB
authors.lastname: Michael
authors.affiliation: Federal Office of Consumer Protection and Food Safety (BVL), Berlin, Germany.
authors.forename: Heike
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Kaspar
authors.affiliation: Institute of Farm Animal Genetics, Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut (FLI), Neustadt-Mariensee, Germany.
authors.forename: Amanda Keller
authors.initials: AK
authors.lastname: Siqueira
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Veterinary Epidemiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, Brazil.
authors.forename: Eduardo
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: de Freitas Costa
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Veterinary Epidemiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, Brazil.
authors.forename: Luís Gustavo
authors.initials: LG
authors.lastname: Corbellini
authors.affiliation: Institute of Farm Animal Genetics, Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut (FLI), Neustadt-Mariensee, Germany.
authors.forename: Kristina
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Kadlec
authors.affiliation: Institute of Farm Animal Genetics, Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut (FLI), Neustadt-Mariensee, Germany.
authors.forename: Stefan
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Schwarz
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents / Q000494:pharmacology; D002417:Cattle; D002418:Cattle Diseases / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000382:microbiology*; D024881:Drug Resistance, Bacterial / Q000235:genetics*; D004926:Escherichia coli / Q000201:enzymology / Q000235:genetics* / Q000302:isolation & purification; D004927:Escherichia coli Infections / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000382:microbiology / Q000662:veterinary*; D005858:Germany / Q000453:epidemiology; D011200:Poultry / Q000382:microbiology; D011201:Poultry Diseases / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000382:microbiology*; D017422:Sequence Analysis, DNA / Q000662:veterinary; D013552:Swine; D013553:Swine Diseases / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000382:microbiology*; D001618:beta-Lactamases / Q000235:genetics*
chemical_list: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents; D001618:beta-Lactamases
keywords: CTX-M-1; CTX-M-14; CTX-M-15; Livestock; Multidrug-resistance; β-lactam antibiotics