title: Galactomannan Assay and Invasive Pulmonary Aspergillosis - Comparison of the Test Performance at an in-house and the Kit Cut-off.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Invasive Pulmonary Aspergillosis (IPA) is an important opportunistic infection with a high degree of mortality and morbidity. Galactomannan assay (GM assay) is found to be useful for diagnosis of IPA in patients with neutropenia. However the utility of this assay has not been evaluated in a mixed patient population with other co-morbid conditions. Though a kit cut-off of 0.5 has been recommended for the diagnosis of IPA, studies have reported a higher sensitivity with cut-offs more than 0.5.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To establish an in-house cut-off and compare its utility with the kit cut-off to diagnose and categorize IPA as proven, probable and possible in patients with varied underlying risk factors.
  
  
  METHODS
  This observational study was done in St John's Medical College, Bangalore, Karnataka, India from January 2013-December 2014. GM assay was performed on 25 each of healthy controls and clinically diagnosed cases of IPA. The in-house cut-off was calculated by plotting the Receiver Operating Characteristic Curve (ROC).
  
  
  RESULTS
  The in-house cut-off was calculated to be 0.52. Using this and the kit cut-off (0.5), the Sensitivity, Specificity, Positive Predictive Value (PPV) and the Negative Predictive Value (NPV) were found to be 75%, 79%, 76%, 82% and 79%, 71%, 77%, 82% respectively. Diabetes mellitus was found to be associated with more than 50% of the patients.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The established in house cut-off using healthy controls and patients with clinical diagnosis of IPA was not significantly different from that of the kit cut-off. Using either of these cut-offs, we could re-categorize two of the possible IPA cases in the probable group. This study helped to understand the clinical utility of this assay even in a mixed patient population with multiple co-morbidities.
authors.affiliation: Associate Professor, Department Microbiology, St John's Medical College , Bangalore, Karnataka, India .
authors.forename: Jayanthi
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Savio
authors.affiliation: PG Resident, Department Microbiology, St John's Medical College , Bangalore, Karnataka, India .
authors.forename: Nikhilesh Ravikumar
authors.initials: NR
authors.lastname: Menon
authors.affiliation: Junior Research Fellow, Department Microbiology, St. Johns Research Institute , Bangalore, Karnataka, India .
authors.forename: Arun Ramachandran
authors.initials: AR
authors.lastname: Sudharma
authors.affiliation: PG Resident, Department Microbiology, St John's Medical College , Bangalore, Karnataka, India .
authors.forename: Vinutha
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Jairaj
authors.affiliation: Senior Laboratory Technician, St John's Medical College , Bangalore, Karnataka, India .
authors.forename: Joshila
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Mathew
keywords: Aspergillus; Fungal infection; Serological test