title: Impact of individual components and their combinations within a family history of hypertension on the incidence of hypertension: Toranomon hospital health management center study 22.
abstract: Although a family history (FH) of hypertension is a risk factor for the development of hypertension, only a few studies have investigated in detail the impact of individual components of an FH on incident hypertension. We investigated the impact of individual components and their combinations on the presence or development of hypertension considering obesity, smoking habits, physical activity, and other metabolic parameters.Studied were 12,222 Japanese individuals without hypertension (n = 9,766) and with hypertension (n = 2,456) at the baseline examination. The presence or incidence of hypertension during 5 years after a baseline examination was assessed by the presence of systolic blood pressure ≥140 mmHg and/or diastolic blood pressure ≥90 mmHg or a self-reported history of clinician-diagnosed hypertension. In this prospective study, the odds ratio for incident hypertension was 1.39 (95% confidence interval [CI], 1.22, 1.59) for individuals with any FH of hypertension compared with those without such an FH. Individuals with an FH of hypertension in both parents and one or more grandparents had an odds ratio of 3.05 (95% CI 1.74, 5.36) for hypertension compared with those without an FH of hypertension. FH was associated with incident hypertension independently of other modifiable risk factors such as obesity, smoking, physical inactivity, hyperglycemia, hyperuricemia, and hypertriglyceridemia.A parental history of hypertension was an essential component within an FH for incident hypertension. FH of hypertension over two generations with both parents affected was the most important risk factor for incident hypertension. Although an FH is not a modifiable risk factor, modifying other risk factors could contribute to reducing the risk of hypertension even among individuals with a family history of hypertension.
authors.affiliation: Department of Internal Medicine, Niigata University Faculty of Medicine, Niigata Health Management Center, Toranomon Hospital Okinaka Memorial Institute for Medical Research, Tokyo, Japan.
authors.forename: Risa
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Igarashi
authors.forename: Kazuya
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Fujihara
authors.forename: Yoriko
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Heianza
authors.forename: Masahiro
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Ishizawa
authors.forename: Satoru
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Kodama
authors.forename: Kazumi
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Saito
authors.forename: Shigeko
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Hara
authors.forename: Osamu
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Hanyu
authors.forename: Ritsuko
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Honda
authors.forename: Hiroshi
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Tsuji
authors.forename: Yasuji
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Arase
authors.forename: Hirohito
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Sone
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D001794:Blood Pressure; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D005192:Family Health; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D006973:Hypertension / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000209:etiology*; D015994:Incidence; D007564:Japan / Q000453:epidemiology; D008297:Male; D008487:Medical History Taking / Q000379:methods / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D008875:Middle Aged; D016017:Odds Ratio; D010290:Parents; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012307:Risk Factors; D055815:Young Adult