title: The administration of ghrelin improved hepatocellular injury following parenteral feeding in a rat model of short bowel syndrome.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Long-term parenteral nutrition following massive bowel resection causes liver dysfunction, such as intestinal failure-associated liver disease (IFALD). IFALD includes two different states, cholestasis and steatosis, which represents a life-threatening complication. The previous reports have shown the protective role of ghrelin in the liver. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of the administration of ghrelin in the liver in a parenterally fed rat model of short bowel syndrome (SBS).
  
  
  METHODS
  Rats underwent jugular vein catheterization, and were divided into three groups: 90 % small bowel resection (90 % SBR) and TPN (SBS/TPN group), 90 % SBR and TPN plus ghrelin (SBS/TPN/ghrelin group), and sham operation with normal chow (sham group). Ghrelin was administered continuously at a dose of 10 μg/kg/day. On day 13, all rats were euthanized. The serum chemistry was analyzed, the lipid content of the liver was measured, and the liver tissue was histologically analyzed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The AST and LDH levels significantly increased, and the accumulation of lipids in the liver was observed in the TPN/SBS group. The accumulation of lipids in the liver of the rats in the SBS/TPN group was attenuated by the administration of ghrelin.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The administration of ghrelin has a therapeutic potential for IFALD.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatric Surgery, Research Field in Medicine and Health Sciences, Medical and Dental Sciences Area, Research and Education Assembly, Kagoshima University, 8-35-1, Sakuragaoka, Kagoshima, 890-8520, Japan.
authors.forename: Shun
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Onishi
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatric Surgery, Research Field in Medicine and Health Sciences, Medical and Dental Sciences Area, Research and Education Assembly, Kagoshima University, 8-35-1, Sakuragaoka, Kagoshima, 890-8520, Japan.
authors.forename: Tatsuru
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Kaji
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatric Surgery, Research Field in Medicine and Health Sciences, Medical and Dental Sciences Area, Research and Education Assembly, Kagoshima University, 8-35-1, Sakuragaoka, Kagoshima, 890-8520, Japan.
authors.forename: Waka
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Yamada
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatric Surgery, Research Field in Medicine and Health Sciences, Medical and Dental Sciences Area, Research and Education Assembly, Kagoshima University, 8-35-1, Sakuragaoka, Kagoshima, 890-8520, Japan.
authors.forename: Kazuhiko
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Nakame
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatric Surgery, Research Field in Medicine and Health Sciences, Medical and Dental Sciences Area, Research and Education Assembly, Kagoshima University, 8-35-1, Sakuragaoka, Kagoshima, 890-8520, Japan.
authors.forename: Tomoe
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Moriguchi
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatric Surgery, Research Field in Medicine and Health Sciences, Medical and Dental Sciences Area, Research and Education Assembly, Kagoshima University, 8-35-1, Sakuragaoka, Kagoshima, 890-8520, Japan.
authors.forename: Koushirou
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Sugita
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatric Surgery, Research Field in Medicine and Health Sciences, Medical and Dental Sciences Area, Research and Education Assembly, Kagoshima University, 8-35-1, Sakuragaoka, Kagoshima, 890-8520, Japan.
authors.forename: Koji
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Yamada
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatric Surgery, Research Field in Medicine and Health Sciences, Medical and Dental Sciences Area, Research and Education Assembly, Kagoshima University, 8-35-1, Sakuragaoka, Kagoshima, 890-8520, Japan.
authors.forename: Takafumi
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Kawano
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatric Surgery, Research Field in Medicine and Health Sciences, Medical and Dental Sciences Area, Research and Education Assembly, Kagoshima University, 8-35-1, Sakuragaoka, Kagoshima, 890-8520, Japan.
authors.forename: Motoi
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Mukai
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathology and Oncology, Research Field in Medicine and Health Sciences, Medical and Dental Sciences Area, Research and Education Assembly, Kagoshima University, Kagoshima, Japan.
authors.forename: Masakazu
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Souda
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathology and Oncology, Research Field in Medicine and Health Sciences, Medical and Dental Sciences Area, Research and Education Assembly, Kagoshima University, Kagoshima, Japan.
authors.forename: Sohsuke
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Yamada
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathology, National Center for Children Health and Development, Tokyo, Japan.
authors.forename: Takako
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Yoshioka
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathology and Oncology, Research Field in Medicine and Health Sciences, Medical and Dental Sciences Area, Research and Education Assembly, Kagoshima University, Kagoshima, Japan.
authors.forename: Akihide
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Tanimoto
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatric Surgery, Research Field in Medicine and Health Sciences, Medical and Dental Sciences Area, Research and Education Assembly, Kagoshima University, 8-35-1, Sakuragaoka, Kagoshima, 890-8520, Japan. sieiri@m.kufm.kagoshima-u.ac.jp.
authors.forename: Satoshi
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Ieiri
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D054439:Ghrelin / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D007422:Intestines / Q000503:physiopathology; D008107:Liver Diseases / Q000209:etiology / Q000517:prevention & control*; D008297:Male; D010289:Parenteral Nutrition, Total / Q000009:adverse effects*; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D012778:Short Bowel Syndrome / Q000628:therapy*
chemical_list: D054439:Ghrelin
keywords: Ghrelin; IFALD; NAFLD; Short bowel syndrome; Steatosis; Total parenteral nutrition