title: CBT in a Caribbean Context: A Controlled Trial of Anger Management in Trinidadian Prisons.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Anger causes significant problems in offenders and to date few interventions have been described in the Caribbean region.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate a package of CBT-based Anger Management Training provided to offenders in prison in Trinidad.
  
  
  METHODS
  A controlled clinical trial with 85 participants who participated in a 12-week prison-based group anger management programme, of whom 57 (67%: 16 control, 41 intervention) provided pretrial and posttrial outcome data at Times 1 and 2.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Intervention and control groups were not directly comparable so outcome was analysed using t-tests. Reductions were noted for state and trait anger and anger expression, with an increase in coping skills for the intervention group. No changes were noted in the control group. The improvements seen on intervention were maintained at 4 month follow-up for a sub-group of participants for whom data were available. Several predictors of outcomes were identified.
authors.affiliation: University of the West Indies (UWI),Trinidad and Tobago.
authors.forename: Gerard
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Hutchinson
authors.affiliation: Swansea University,UK.
authors.forename: Paul
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Willner
authors.affiliation: St. Andrews Health Care,Northampton, andthe University of Birmingham,UK.
authors.forename: John
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Rose
authors.affiliation: University of Birmingham,UK.
authors.forename: Ian
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Burke
authors.affiliation: University of the West Indies (UWI),Trinidad and Tobago.
authors.forename: Tony
authors.identifier: http://orcid.org/0000-0003-4440-7892
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Bastick
mesh_terms: D000223:Adaptation, Psychological; D000328:Adult; D000786:Anger; D000067449:Anger Management Therapy / Q000379:methods*; D015928:Cognitive Behavioral Therapy / Q000379:methods*; D005260:Female; D006126:Group Processes; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011329:Prisoners / Q000523:psychology*; D014300:Trinidad and Tobago
keywords: CBT; Caribbean; Trinidad; anger; controlled trial; prison