title: Vitamin D and cognition in older adults: international consensus guidelines.
abstract: Hypovitaminosis D, a common condition in older adults, is associated with brain changes and dementia. Given the fast growing contribution of literature in this research field, clear guidance is needed for clinicians and researchers. International experts met at the invitational summit on "Vitamin D and cognition in older adults" in Boston, MA, July 2013. Based upon literature and expert opinion, the task force focused on key questions on the role of vitamin D in Alzheimer disease and related disorders. Each question was discussed and voted using a Delphi-like approach. Experts reached agreement that hypovitaminosis D increases the risk of cognitive decline and dementia in older adults, may alter the clinical presentation as a consequence of related comorbidities, but should not be used thus far as a diagnostic or prognostic biomarker of Alzheimer disease due to lack of specificity and insufficient evidence. Hypovitaminosis D should be screened in this population because of its high prevalence and supplemented, if necessary, but this advice was not specific to cognition. The task force agreed on 5 overarching principles related to vitamin D and cognition in older adults.
authors.affiliation: Pôle de neurosciences, Service de gériatrie et Centre mémoire ressources recherche, UPRES EA 4638, UNAM, Centre hospitalier universitaire, Angers, France, Robarts research institute, Department of medical biophysics, Schulich school of medicine and dentistry, the University of Western Ontario, London, ON, Canada.
authors.forename: Cédric
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Annweiler
authors.affiliation: Department of medical biology, Cerrahpasa Faculty of medicine, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey.
authors.forename: Erdinç
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Dursun
authors.affiliation: Université Aix Marseille, NICN, CNRS UMR 7259, Centre d'investigations cliniques en biothérapie, Marseille, France.
authors.forename: Francois
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Féron
authors.affiliation: Department of medical biology, Cerrahpasa Faculty of medicine, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey.
authors.forename: Duygu
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Gezen-Ak
authors.affiliation: ZENEREI Institute, Slidell, LA, USA.
authors.forename: Allan V
authors.initials: AV
authors.lastname: Kalueff
authors.affiliation: University of Exeter medical school, Exeter, United Kingdom.
authors.forename: Thomas
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Littlejohns
authors.affiliation: University of Exeter medical school, Exeter, United Kingdom.
authors.forename: David
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Llewellyn
authors.affiliation: Université Aix Marseille, NICN, CNRS UMR 7259, Centre d'investigations cliniques en biothérapie, Marseille, France.
authors.forename: Pascal
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Millet
authors.affiliation: Department of health sciences, North-eastern University, Boston, MA, USA.
authors.forename: Tammy
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Scott
authors.affiliation: Department of clinical laboratory and nutritional sciences, University of Massachusetts, Lowell, MA, USA.
authors.forename: Katherine L
authors.initials: KL
authors.lastname: Tucker
authors.affiliation: Department of medical biology, Cerrahpasa Faculty of medicine, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey.
authors.forename: Selma
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Yilmazer
authors.affiliation: Pôle de neurosciences, Service de gériatrie et Centre mémoire ressources recherche, UPRES EA 4638, UNAM, Centre hospitalier universitaire, Angers, France.
authors.forename: Olivier
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Beauchet
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000544:Alzheimer Disease / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000209:etiology / Q000523:psychology; D003072:Cognition Disorders / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000209:etiology* / Q000523:psychology*; D032921:Consensus; D003245:Consensus Statements as Topic; D006801:Humans; D014807:Vitamin D / Q000502:physiology; D014808:Vitamin D Deficiency / Q000150:complications* / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000523:psychology*
chemical_list: D014807:Vitamin D
keywords: Alzheimer disease; brain; cognition; neuroendocrinology; older adults; vitamin D