title: Antibacterial Activity of Euphorbia hebecarpa Alcoholic Extracts Against Six Human Pathogenic Bacteria in Planktonic and Biofilm Forms.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Biofilm formation is a primary cause of considerable bacterial destruction.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  In an effort to combat these industrial and medical bacterial biofilm problems, our study aims to determine the antimicrobial effect of Euphorbia hebecarpa.
  
  
  METHODS
  The inhibition efficiency of alcoholic extracts on the planktonic form of six pathogenic bacteria was evaluated using a disk diffusion technique. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and the minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) values were determined by means of a macrobroth dilution method. The effects of the extracts on biofilms were calculated using a microtiter plate method.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The results of the disk diffusion assay (MBC and MIC) confirmed that E. hebecarpa ethanolic extracts were more efficient than methanolic extracts in the inhibition of planktonic forms of bacteria. Also, the inhibitory effect of the extracts in a broth medium was greater than in a solid medium. Extracts of E. hebecarpa were found to inhibit biofilm formation better than demolish of biofilm and preventing metabolic activity of bacteria in biofilm structures. The greatest inhibitory effects of E. hebecarpa extracts were observed for the biofilm formation of B. cereus (92.81%). In addition, the greatest demolition was observed for the S. aureus biofilm (74.49%), and the metabolic activity decrement of this bacteria was highest (78.21%) of all the tested bacteria.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The results of this study suggest that E. hebecarpa extracts can be used to inhibit the planktonic and biofilm forms of these selected bacteria.
authors.affiliation: Associate Professor of Microbiology. Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Shahid Bahonar University of Kerman, Kerman, IR Iran.
authors.forename: Zeinab
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Mohsenipour
authors.affiliation: Associate Professor of Microbiology. Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Shahid Bahonar University of Kerman, Kerman, IR Iran.
authors.forename: Mehdi
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Hassanshahian
keywords: Biofilm; Drug Resistance; Herbal Medicine; Pathogenicity