title: History of robotic surgery.
abstract: Robotic surgery is one of the most advanced forms of Minimally Invasive Surgery. Although the application of robotic technology to surgical robotics started some 20 years ago, the earliest work in robotics and automation can be traced back to 400 BC. Some of the early pioneers include Archytas of Arentum, Leonardo da Vinci, Gianello Toriano, and Pierre Jaquet-Droz, and we owe to these philosophers and scientists the fact that we can offer the benefit of minimal invasion in surgery. The purpose of this review is to give a brief description of the evolution of robotic surgery from its early history to present-day surgical robotics.
authors.affiliation: Global Robotics Institute, Florida Hospital Celebration Health, University of South Florida College of Medicine, Tampa, FL, USA.
authors.forename: Satyam
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Kalan
authors.affiliation: Global Robotics Institute, Florida Hospital Celebration Health, University of Central Florida College of Medicine, Orlando, FL, USA. sanket.chauhan@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Sanket
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Chauhan
authors.affiliation: Global Robotics Institute, Florida Hospital Celebration Health, University of Central Florida College of Medicine, Orlando, FL, USA.
authors.forename: Rafael F
authors.initials: RF
authors.lastname: Coelho
authors.affiliation: Global Robotics Institute, Florida Hospital Celebration Health, University of Central Florida College of Medicine, Orlando, FL, USA.
authors.forename: Marcelo A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Orvieto
authors.affiliation: Global Robotics Institute, Florida Hospital Celebration Health, University of Central Florida College of Medicine, Orlando, FL, USA.
authors.forename: Ignacio R
authors.initials: IR
authors.lastname: Camacho
authors.affiliation: Global Robotics Institute, Florida Hospital Celebration Health, University of Central Florida College of Medicine, Orlando, FL, USA.
authors.forename: Kenneth J
authors.initials: KJ
authors.lastname: Palmer
authors.affiliation: Global Robotics Institute, Florida Hospital Celebration Health, University of Central Florida College of Medicine, Orlando, FL, USA.
authors.forename: Vipul R
authors.initials: VR
authors.lastname: Patel
keywords: AESOP; History of robotics; PROBOT; ROBODOC; Unimate; ZEUS