title: CITED2 in breast carcinoma as a potent prognostic predictor associated with proliferation, migration and chemoresistance.
abstract: CITED2 (Cbp/p300-interacting transactivator, with Glu/Asp-rich carboxy-terminal domain, 2) is a member of the CITED family and is involved in various cellular functions during development and differentiation. Mounting evidence suggests the importance of CITED in the progression of human malignancies, but the significance of CITED2 protein has not yet been examined in breast carcinoma. Therefore, in the present study, we examined the clinical significance and the biological functions of CITED2 in breast carcinoma by immunohistochemistry and in vitro study. CITED2 immunoreactivity was detected in breast carcinoma tissues, and it was significantly higher compared to those in morphologically normal mammary glands. CITED2 immunoreactivity was significantly associated with stage, pathological T factor, lymph node metastasis, histological grade, HER2 and Ki-67, and inversely correlated with estrogen receptor. Moreover, the immunohistochemical CITED2 status was significantly associated with increased incidence of recurrence and breast cancer-specific death of the breast cancer patients, and multivariate analyses demonstrated CITED2 status as an independent worse prognostic factor for disease-free and breast cancer-specific survival. Subsequent in vitro experiments showed that CITED2 expression significantly increased proliferation activity and migration property in MCF-7and S KBR-3 breast carcinoma cells. Moreover, CITED2 caused chemoresistance to epirubicin and 5-fluorouracil, but not paclitaxel, in these cells, and it inhibited p53 accumulation after 5-fluorouracil treatment in MCF-7 cells. These results suggest that CITED2 plays important roles in the progression and chemoresistance of breast carcinoma and that CITED2 status is a potent prognostic factor in breast cancer patients.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathology and Histotechnology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan.
authors.forename: Hiroyuki
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Minemura
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathology and Histotechnology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan.
authors.forename: Kiyoshi
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Takagi
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathology and Histotechnology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan.
authors.forename: Ai
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Sato
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathology and Histotechnology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan.
authors.forename: Hikaru
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Takahashi
authors.affiliation: Department of Anatomic Pathology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan.
authors.forename: Yasuhiro
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Miki
authors.affiliation: Department of Anatomic Pathology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan.
authors.forename: Yukiko
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Shibahara
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathology, Tohoku University Hospital, Sendai, Japan.
authors.forename: Mika
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Watanabe
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgical Oncology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan.
authors.forename: Takanori
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Ishida
authors.affiliation: Department of Anatomic Pathology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan.|Department of Pathology, Tohoku University Hospital, Sendai, Japan.
authors.forename: Hironobu
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Sasano
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathology and Histotechnology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan.
authors.forename: Takashi
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Suzuki
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor; D001943:Breast Neoplasms / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000401:mortality / Q000473:pathology; D045744:Cell Line, Tumor; D002465:Cell Movement; D049109:Cell Proliferation; D018572:Disease-Free Survival; D019008:Drug Resistance, Neoplasm; D005260:Female; D005472:Fluorouracil / Q000494:pharmacology; D006801:Humans; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D061986:MCF-7 Cells; D008875:Middle Aged; D060787:Neoplasm Grading; D009367:Neoplasm Staging; D011379:Prognosis; D016016:Proportional Hazards Models; D014176:Protein Biosynthesis; D012097:Repressor Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D015534:Trans-Activators / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D016159:Tumor Suppressor Protein p53 / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor; C486381:CITED2 protein, human; D012097:Repressor Proteins; D015534:Trans-Activators; D016159:Tumor Suppressor Protein p53; D005472:Fluorouracil
keywords: Breast cancer; chemoresistance; immunohistochemistry; prognosis; proliferation