title: Cone Beam Computed Tomography-based Evaluation of the Anterior Teeth Position Changes obtained by Passive Self-ligating Brackets.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The objective of this study was to evaluate the anterior teeth position changes obtained by passive self-ligating brackets using cone beam computed tomography (CBCT).
  
  
  METHODS
  Twenty patients with a mean age of 16.5 years, class I malocclusion, constricted maxillary arch, and teeth crowding above 5 mm were enrolled in this study, and treated by passive orthodontic self-ligating brackets. A sequence of stainless steel thermoset wire was implemented with ending wire of 0.019" × 0.025". The CBCT and dental casts were obtained prior to the installation of orthodontic appliances (T1), and 30 days after rectangular steel wire 0.019" × 0.025" installation (T2). The measurements in CBCT were performed with the Anatomage software, and the dental casts were evaluated with a digital caliper rule with an accuracy of 0.01 mm.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The CBCT data demonstrated mean buccal inclination of the upper and lower central incisors ranging from 6.55° to 7.24° respectively. The upper and lower lateral incisors ranged from 4.90° to 8.72° respectively. The lower canines showed an average increase of 3.88° in the buccal inclination and 1.96 mm in the transverse intercuspal distance. The upper canines showed a negative inclination with mean average of -0.36°, and an average increase of 0.82 mm in the transverse distance, with negative correlation with the initial crowding.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Treatment with passive self-ligating brackets without obtaining spaces increases buccal inclination of the upper and lower incisors with no correlation with the amount of initial teeth crowding. The intercanine distance tends to a small increase showing different inclinations between the arches.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  When taking into account the self-ligating brackets, the amount of initial dental crowding is not a limitation factor that could increase the buccal inclination of the anterior teeth.
authors.affiliation: Department of Orthodontics, Sagrado Coracao University Bauru, São Paulo, Brazil.
authors.forename: Fernando K
authors.initials: FK
authors.lastname: Rhoden
authors.affiliation: Private Practice, São Paulo, Brazil.
authors.forename: Liliana Á
authors.initials: LÁ
authors.lastname: Maltagliati
authors.affiliation: Assistant Professor, Department of Orthodontics, Sagrado Coração University Bauru, São Paulo, Brazil, Phone: +551432235217, e-mail: accfconti@uol.com.br.
authors.forename: Ana C
authors.initials: AC
authors.lastname: de Castro Ferreira Conti
authors.affiliation: Department of Orthodontics, Sagrado Coracao University Bauru, São Paulo, Brazil.
authors.forename: Renata R
authors.initials: RR
authors.lastname: Almeida-Pedrin
authors.affiliation: Department of Orthodontics, Sagrado Coracao University Bauru, São Paulo, Brazil.
authors.forename: Leopoldino C
authors.initials: LC
authors.lastname: Filho
authors.affiliation: Department of Orthodontics, Sagrado Coracao University Bauru, São Paulo, Brazil.
authors.forename: Maurício
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: de Almeida Cardoso
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D054893:Cone-Beam Computed Tomography; D003481:Cuspid / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D006801:Humans; D007180:Incisor / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D008310:Malocclusion / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000628:therapy*; D008311:Malocclusion, Angle Class I / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000628:therapy*; D003765:Models, Dental; D016382:Orthodontic Appliance Design; D016910:Orthodontic Brackets; D055815:Young Adult
keywords: Cone beam computed tomography; Malocclusion; Orthodontic brackets; Tooth movement.