title: Vertical and sagittal morphology of the facial skeleton and the pharyngeal airway.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The aim of this study was to evaluate the relationship between sagittal and vertical facial skeletal morphology, and the morphology of the upper and lower pharyngeal airway.
  
  
  METHODS
  Pharyngeal airway structures were studied in 101 healthy children (36 boys and 65 girls) aged 7-17 years who were referred for orthodontic treatment. The sample was divided into two groups: according size of the ANB angle group Class I: angle till 4º was considered as skeletal Angle Class I; group Class II: ANB angle more than 4º, considered as skeletal Angle Class II. The vertical pattern was classified using the SN-MP angle, with angle less than 34 taken as normal, and more than 34 - as high vertical growth patterns. The linear measurements and angles were calculated using special purpose software (Dolphin v. 11.0). Pharyngeal width was measured at different point levels using Arnett/Gunson airway analysis.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A statistically significant difference between the two groups, and airway width on all levels was statistically significantly narrower in Angle Class II. Pearson's correlation coefficient showed a negative statistically significant dependence between nasopharyngeal airway, oropharyngeal airway space, and SN-MP angle.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Statistically significantly narrower airways were found in patients with ANB more than 4°. In groups divided by SN-MP angle statistically significant difference have not found. Nasopharyngeal airway and oropharyngeal airway spaces statistically significantly negatively correlated with the SN-MP angle: the bigger the SN-MP angle, the smaller were nasopharyngeal and oropharyngeal airway spaces.
authors.affiliation: Vytauto str. 96, 60260 Ariogala, Lithuania. a.dabkute@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Kristina
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Lopatienė
authors.forename: Agnė
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Dabkutė
authors.forename: Viktorija
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Juškevičiūtė
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D002648:Child; D005147:Facial Bones / Q000033:anatomy & histology* / Q000254:growth & development; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008311:Malocclusion, Angle Class I / Q000473:pathology*; D008312:Malocclusion, Angle Class II / Q000473:pathology*; D010614:Pharynx / Q000033:anatomy & histology* / Q000254:growth & development