title: Maternal excess gestational weight gain and infant waist circumference: a 2-y observational study.
abstract: The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of gestational weight gain (GWG) and infant feeding practices on infant growth parameters in infants from 6 to 24 mo of age.
  
  
  
  Forty mother-infant pairs were recruited after delivery and followed up to 24 mo postpartum. GWG was calculated as prepregnancy weight subtracted from weight at delivery. Infant weight velocity was calculated as the change in weight between consecutive visits divided by the intervening time. Infant feeding practices were measured by interview and infant growth and waist circumference by standard anthropometry.
  
  
  
  Infants born to mothers with excess GWG were heavier at birth (3,521 ± 91 vs. 3,196 ± 97 g, P = 0.02) and had an average 2.16 ± 1.1 cm (P = 0.03) larger waist circumference throughout the 24 mo compared with infants born to mothers with appropriate GWG. Waist circumference increased by 0.12 and 2.0 cm for every 1 unit increase in GWG and infant birth weight.
  
  
  
  Infants born to women who exceeded the Institute of Medicine (IOM)-recommended guidelines for GWG were heavier at birth and had a significantly higher waist circumference up to 2 y of age. Strategies to control maternal excess GWG and thus the outcome on infant birth weight and waist circumference should be pursued.
authors.affiliation: Human Performance and Exercise Science, Youngstown State University, Youngstown, Ohio.
authors.forename: Sara F
authors.initials: SF
authors.lastname: Michaliszyn
authors.affiliation: Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, Rockville, Maryland.
authors.forename: Lindsey A
authors.initials: LA
authors.lastname: Sjaarda
authors.affiliation: College of Medicine, The University of Oklahoma, Norman, Oklahoma.
authors.forename: Christina
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Scifres
authors.affiliation: Division of Maternal-Fetal Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania.
authors.forename: Hyagriv
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Simhan
authors.affiliation: Division of Weight Management and Wellness and Division of Pediatric Endocrinology, Metabolism & Diabetes Mellitus, Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania.
authors.forename: Silva A
authors.initials: SA
authors.lastname: Arslanian
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000886:Anthropometry; D001724:Birth Weight; D001942:Breast Feeding; D002657:Child Development; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D041943:Infant Formula; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D008297:Male; D008431:Maternal-Fetal Exchange; D008954:Models, Biological; D009765:Obesity / Q000150:complications / Q000473:pathology; D050177:Overweight / Q000150:complications / Q000473:pathology; D011247:Pregnancy; D011248:Pregnancy Complications / Q000473:pathology*; D012307:Risk Factors; D055105:Waist Circumference; D015430:Weight Gain