title: Image recombination transform algorithm for superresolution structured illumination microscopy.
abstract: Structured illumination microscopy (SIM) is an attractive choice for fast superresolution imaging. The generation of structured illumination patterns made by interference of laser beams is broadly employed to obtain high modulation depth of patterns, while the polarizations of the laser beams must be elaborately controlled to guarantee the high contrast of interference intensity, which brings a more complex configuration for the polarization control. The emerging pattern projection strategy is much more compact, but the modulation depth of patterns is deteriorated by the optical transfer function of the optical system, especially in high spatial frequency near the diffraction limit. Therefore, the traditional superresolution reconstruction algorithm for interference-based SIM will suffer from many artifacts in the case of projection-based SIM that possesses a low modulation depth. Here, we propose an alternative reconstruction algorithm based on image recombination transform, which provides an alternative solution to address this problem even in a weak modulation depth. We demonstrated the effectiveness of this algorithm in the multicolor superresolution imaging of bovine pulmonary arterial endothelial cells in our developed projection-based SIM system, which applies a computer controlled digital micromirror device for fast fringe generation and multicolor light-emitting diodes for illumination. The merit of the system incorporated with the proposed algorithm allows for a low excitation intensity fluorescence imaging even less than 1??W/cm2, which is beneficial for the long-term, in vivo superresolved imaging of live cells and tissues.
authors.affiliation: Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xi'an Institute of Optics and Precision Mechanics, State Key Laboratory of Transient Optics and Photonics, No. 17 Xinxi Road, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710119, ChinabXi'an Jiaotong University, School of Science, No. 28 Xianning West Road, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710049, China.
authors.forename: Xing
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Zhou
authors.affiliation: Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xi'an Institute of Optics and Precision Mechanics, State Key Laboratory of Transient Optics and Photonics, No. 17 Xinxi Road, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710119, China.
authors.forename: Ming
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Lei
authors.affiliation: Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xi'an Institute of Optics and Precision Mechanics, State Key Laboratory of Transient Optics and Photonics, No. 17 Xinxi Road, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710119, China.
authors.forename: Dan
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Dan
authors.affiliation: Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xi'an Institute of Optics and Precision Mechanics, State Key Laboratory of Transient Optics and Photonics, No. 17 Xinxi Road, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710119, China.
authors.forename: Baoli
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Yao
authors.affiliation: Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xi'an Institute of Optics and Precision Mechanics, State Key Laboratory of Transient Optics and Photonics, No. 17 Xinxi Road, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710119, China.
authors.forename: Yanlong
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.affiliation: Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xi'an Institute of Optics and Precision Mechanics, State Key Laboratory of Transient Optics and Photonics, No. 17 Xinxi Road, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710119, China.
authors.forename: Jia
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Qian
authors.affiliation: Xi'an Jiaotong University, School of Science, No. 28 Xianning West Road, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710049, China.
authors.forename: Guangde
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.affiliation: University at Buffalo, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, No. 12 Capen Hall, Buffalo, New York 14214, United States.
authors.forename: Piero R
authors.initials: PR
authors.lastname: Bianco
mesh_terms: D000465:Algorithms; D000818:Animals; D002417:Cattle; D003198:Computer Simulation; D042783:Endothelial Cells / Q000737:chemistry / Q000166:cytology; D004867:Equipment Design; D006651:Histocytochemistry; D007091:Image Processing, Computer-Assisted / Q000379:methods*; D008856:Microscopy, Fluorescence / Q000379:methods*; D011651:Pulmonary Artery / Q000166:cytology