title: Efficacy and Mediation of a Theory-Based Physical Activity Intervention for African American Men Who Have Sex with Men: A Randomized Controlled Trial.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Few trials have tested physical-activity interventions among sexual minorities, including African American men who have sex with men (MSM).
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  We examined the efficacy and mediation of the Being Responsible for Ourselves (BRO) physical-activity intervention among African American MSM.
  
  
  METHODS
  African American MSM were randomized to the physical-activity intervention consisting of three 90-min one-on-one sessions or an attention-matched control intervention and completed pre-intervention, immediately post-intervention, and 6- and 12-month post-intervention audio computer-based surveys.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Of the 595 participants, 503 completed the 12-month follow-up. Generalized estimating equation models revealed that the intervention increased self-reported physical activity compared with the control intervention, adjusted for pre-intervention physical activity. Mediation analyses suggested that the intervention increased reasoned action approach variables, subjective norm and self-efficacy, increasing intention immediately post-intervention, which increased physical activity during the follow-up period.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Interventions targeting reasoned action approach variables may contribute to efforts to increase African American MSM's physical activity.
  
  
  BACKGROUND
  The trial was registered with the ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier NCT02561286 .
authors.affiliation: Annenberg School for Communication, Center for Health Behavior and Communication Research, University of Pennsylvania, 3901 Walnut Street, Suite 503, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA.
authors.forename: Jingwen
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: Annenberg School for Communication, Center for Health Behavior and Communication Research, University of Pennsylvania, 3901 Walnut Street, Suite 503, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA. jjemmott@asc.upenn.edu.
authors.forename: John B
authors.initials: JB
authors.lastname: Jemmott
authors.affiliation: Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA.
authors.forename: Ann
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: O'Leary
authors.affiliation: Annenberg School for Communication, Center for Health Behavior and Communication Research, University of Pennsylvania, 3901 Walnut Street, Suite 503, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA.
authors.forename: Robin
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Stevens
authors.affiliation: Annenberg School for Communication, Center for Health Behavior and Communication Research, University of Pennsylvania, 3901 Walnut Street, Suite 503, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA.
authors.forename: Loretta Sweet
authors.initials: LS
authors.lastname: Jemmott
authors.affiliation: Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
authors.forename: Larry D
authors.initials: LD
authors.lastname: Icard
authors.affiliation: Annenberg School for Communication, Center for Health Behavior and Communication Research, University of Pennsylvania, 3901 Walnut Street, Suite 503, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA.
authors.forename: Janet
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Hsu
authors.affiliation: Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
authors.forename: Scott E
authors.initials: SE
authors.lastname: Rutledge
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001741:Black or African American; D015444:Exercise / Q000523:psychology*; D015438:Health Behavior; D006293:Health Promotion; D018451:Homosexuality, Male / Q000523:psychology*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D040242:Risk Reduction Behavior; D021841:Safe Sex; D020377:Self Efficacy; D000072339:Sexual and Gender Minorities / Q000523:psychology*; D016896:Treatment Outcome
keywords: African American men; Intervention study; Mediation analysis; Men who have sex with men; Physical activity; Reasoned action approach