title: Sphallerocarpus gracilis polysaccharide protects pancreatic β-cells via regulation of the bax/bcl-2, caspase-3, pdx-1 and insulin signalling pathways.
abstract: In this study, the structural characterization of Sphallerocarpus gracilis polysaccharide (SGP) and its hypoglycaemic activities are reported for the first time. SGP, which has a weight average molar mass (Mw) of 7.413×105, was isolated from Sphallerocarpus gracilis and purified by ion-exchange chromatography. The polysaccharide is composed of rhamnose, arabinose, mannose, glucose and galactose, with the molar ratio of 4.12: 8.99: 5.45: 65.94: 15.50. The mechanism underlying the hypoglycaemic effect of SGP was evaluated. Experimental results showed that SGP protected pancreatic β-cells from alloxan damage by several possible mechanisms, including: (1) repairing free radical damage; (2) reducing the apoptosis of pancreatic β-cells by inhibiting the activities of caspase-3 and bax, and enhancing the activity of bcl-2; (3) stimulating insulin secretion and upregulating the pancreatic and duodenal homeobox 1 gene and the insulin gene and the pancreatic in pancreatic β-cells. The results obtained in this study suggest that SGP may be a promising therapeutic agent in the treatment of diabetes mellitus.
authors.affiliation: College of Life Science, Northwest Normal University, Lanzhou 730070, China; Bioactive Products Engineering Research Center for Gansu Distinctive Plants, Lanzhou 730070, China; Lanzhou Vocational Technical College, Lanzhou 730070, China.
authors.forename: Jie
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Guo
authors.affiliation: College of Life Science, Northwest Normal University, Lanzhou 730070, China; Bioactive Products Engineering Research Center for Gansu Distinctive Plants, Lanzhou 730070, China.
authors.forename: Junlong
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: College of Life Science, Northwest Normal University, Lanzhou 730070, China; Bioactive Products Engineering Research Center for Gansu Distinctive Plants, Lanzhou 730070, China.
authors.forename: Shen
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Song
authors.affiliation: College of Life Science, Northwest Normal University, Lanzhou 730070, China; Bioactive Products Engineering Research Center for Gansu Distinctive Plants, Lanzhou 730070, China.
authors.forename: Qin
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.affiliation: College of Life Science, Northwest Normal University, Lanzhou 730070, China; Bioactive Products Engineering Research Center for Gansu Distinctive Plants, Lanzhou 730070, China.
authors.forename: Yulong
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Huang
authors.affiliation: College of Life Science, Northwest Normal University, Lanzhou 730070, China; Bioactive Products Engineering Research Center for Gansu Distinctive Plants, Lanzhou 730070, China.
authors.forename: Yunfei
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Xu
authors.affiliation: College of Life Science, Northwest Normal University, Lanzhou 730070, China; Bioactive Products Engineering Research Center for Gansu Distinctive Plants, Lanzhou 730070, China.
authors.forename: YanXia
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Wei
authors.affiliation: College of Life Science, Northwest Normal University, Lanzhou 730070, China; Bioactive Products Engineering Research Center for Gansu Distinctive Plants, Lanzhou 730070, China. Electronic address: 358836731@qq.com.
authors.forename: Ji
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Zhang
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D019661:Apiaceae / Q000737:chemistry*; D053148:Caspase 3 / Q000378:metabolism*; D045744:Cell Line, Tumor; D018398:Homeodomain Proteins / Q000378:metabolism*; D007328:Insulin / Q000378:metabolism*; D050417:Insulin-Secreting Cells / Q000166:cytology / Q000378:metabolism*; D011134:Polysaccharides / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology*; D051381:Rats; D015398:Signal Transduction / Q000187:drug effects*; D015534:Trans-Activators / Q000378:metabolism*; D051028:bcl-2-Associated X Protein / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: C494828:Bax protein, rat; D018398:Homeodomain Proteins; D007328:Insulin; D011134:Polysaccharides; D015534:Trans-Activators; D051028:bcl-2-Associated X Protein; C084010:pancreatic and duodenal homeobox 1 protein; C505410:Casp3 protein, rat; D053148:Caspase 3
keywords: Anti-apoptotic; Insulin secretagogue actions; Pancreatic β-cells; Sphallerocarpus gracilis polysaccharide