title: Tumor characteristics of ductal carcinoma in situ of breast visualized on [F-18] fluorodeoxyglucose-positron emission tomography/computed tomography: Results from a retrospective study.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To clarify clinicopathological features of ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS) visualized on [F-18] fluorodeoxyglucose-positron emission tomography/computed tomography (FDG-PET/CT).
  
  
  METHODS
  This study retrospectively reviewed 52 consecutive tumors in 50 patients with pathologically proven pure DCIS who underwent [F-18] FDG-PET/CT before surgery. [F-18] FDG-PET/CT was performed after biopsy in all patients. The mean interval from biopsy to [F-18] FDG-PET/CT was 29.2 d. [F-18] FDG uptake by visual analysis and maximum standardized uptake value (SUVmax) was compared with clinicopathological characteristics.
  
  
  RESULTS
  [F-18] FDG uptake was visualized in 28 lesions (53.8%) and the mean and standard deviation of SUVmax was 1.63 and 0.90. On univariate analysis, visual analysis and the SUVmax were associated with symptomatic presentation (P = 0.012 and 0.002, respectively), palpability (P = 0.030 and 0.024, respectively), use of core-needle biopsy (CNB) (P = 0.023 and 0.012, respectively), ultrasound-guided biopsy (P = 0.040 and 0.006, respectively), enhancing lesion ≥ 20 mm on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) (P = 0.001 and 0.010, respectively), tumor size ≥ 20 mm on histopathology (P = 0.002 and 0.008, respectively). However, [F-18] FDG uptake parameters were not significantly associated with age, presence of calcification on mammography, mass formation on MRI, presence of comedo necrosis, hormone status (estrogen receptor, progesterone receptor and human epidermal growth factor receptor-2), and nuclear grade. The factors significantly associated with visual analysis and SUVmax were symptomatic presentation (P = 0.019 and 0.001, respectively), use of CNB (P = 0.001 and 0.031, respectively), and enhancing lesion ≥ 20 mm on MRI (P = 0.001 and 0.049, respectively) on multivariate analysis.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Although DCIS of breast is generally non-avid tumor, symptomatic and large tumors (≥ 20 mm) tend to be visualized on [F-18] FDG-PET/CT.
authors.affiliation: Tomoyuki Fujioka, Kazunori Kubota, Akira Toriihara, Kaori Okazawa, Yukihisa Saida, Ukihide Tateishi, Department of Diagnostic Radiology, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo 113-8519, Japan.
authors.forename: Tomoyuki
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Fujioka
authors.affiliation: Tomoyuki Fujioka, Kazunori Kubota, Akira Toriihara, Kaori Okazawa, Yukihisa Saida, Ukihide Tateishi, Department of Diagnostic Radiology, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo 113-8519, Japan.
authors.forename: Kazunori
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Kubota
authors.affiliation: Tomoyuki Fujioka, Kazunori Kubota, Akira Toriihara, Kaori Okazawa, Yukihisa Saida, Ukihide Tateishi, Department of Diagnostic Radiology, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo 113-8519, Japan.
authors.forename: Akira
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Toriihara
authors.affiliation: Tomoyuki Fujioka, Kazunori Kubota, Akira Toriihara, Kaori Okazawa, Yukihisa Saida, Ukihide Tateishi, Department of Diagnostic Radiology, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo 113-8519, Japan.
authors.forename: Youichi
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Machida
authors.affiliation: Tomoyuki Fujioka, Kazunori Kubota, Akira Toriihara, Kaori Okazawa, Yukihisa Saida, Ukihide Tateishi, Department of Diagnostic Radiology, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo 113-8519, Japan.
authors.forename: Kaori
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Okazawa
authors.affiliation: Tomoyuki Fujioka, Kazunori Kubota, Akira Toriihara, Kaori Okazawa, Yukihisa Saida, Ukihide Tateishi, Department of Diagnostic Radiology, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo 113-8519, Japan.
authors.forename: Tsuyoshi
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Nakagawa
authors.affiliation: Tomoyuki Fujioka, Kazunori Kubota, Akira Toriihara, Kaori Okazawa, Yukihisa Saida, Ukihide Tateishi, Department of Diagnostic Radiology, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo 113-8519, Japan.
authors.forename: Yukihisa
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Saida
authors.affiliation: Tomoyuki Fujioka, Kazunori Kubota, Akira Toriihara, Kaori Okazawa, Yukihisa Saida, Ukihide Tateishi, Department of Diagnostic Radiology, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo 113-8519, Japan.
authors.forename: Ukihide
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: Tateishi
keywords: Breast cancer; Ductal carcinoma in situ; Positron emission tomography; [F-18] fluorodeoxyglucose-positron emission tomography/computed tomography