title: Inhibitory effect of BMAP-28 on Leptospiral Lipopolysaccharide-Induced TLR2-Dependent Immune Response in Bovine Cells.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Bovine leptospirosis is a widespread zoonotic disease, leading to serious economic losses in animal production and causing potential hazards to human health. Leptospiral lipopolysaccharide (L-LPS) plays an important role in leptospirosis pathogenicity.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  With respect to L-LPS endotoxin-like activity, we examined bovine immune response to L-LPS and the inhibitory ability of bovine myeloid antimicrobial peptide-28 (BMAP-28) against L-LPS-induced immune activation in bovine cells.
  
  
  METHODS
  In this study, L-LPS-induced proinflammatory cytokine production in bovine cells was quantitatively measured with real-time PCR and ELISA, and we determined which cell membrane receptors (toll-like receptor [TLR]2 and TLR4) played a major role. In addition, the ability of BMAP-28 to inhibit L-LPS-induced endotoxin-like immune activation in bovine cells was determined by the decrease in cytokine secretion.
  
  
  RESULTS
  L-LPS showed the ability to induce cytokine production in bovine cells, and its induction was TLR2-dependent. BMAP-28 was used to inhibit L-LPS-induced endotoxin-like activity. The function of BMAP-28 was to inhibit LPS-induced TLR2 expression and cytokine production.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In this study, the L-LPS immune response of bovine cells was significant, indicating that TLR2 is the predominant receptor for L-LPS. Due to L-LPS endotoxin-like activity, we found a strategy through using BMAP-28 to prevent L-LPS-induced TLR2-dependent immune activation in bovine cells.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathogenic Microbiology and Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi'an Jiao Tong University, Xi'an, China; Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan.
authors.forename: Yijie
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Guo
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathogenic Microbiology and Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi'an Jiao Tong University, Xi'an, China.
authors.forename: Cuiping
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Ding
authors.affiliation: Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan.
authors.forename: Bo
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Science and Engineering, Iwate University, Iwate, Japan.
authors.forename: Jun
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Xu
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathogenic Microbiology and Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi'an Jiao Tong University, Xi'an, China.
authors.forename: Meng
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Xun
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathogenic Microbiology and Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi'an Jiao Tong University, Xi'an, China.
authors.forename: Jiru
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Xu
keywords: BMAP-28; Cattle; Cytokines; LPS; Leptospira; Toll-Like Receptor 2