title: Circadian dynamics in measures of cortical excitation and inhibition balance.
abstract: Several neuropsychiatric and neurological disorders have recently been characterized as dysfunctions arising from a 'final common pathway' of imbalanced excitation to inhibition within cortical networks. How the regulation of a cortical E/I ratio is affected by sleep and the circadian rhythm however, remains to be established. Here we addressed this issue through the analyses of TMS-evoked responses recorded over a 29 h sleep deprivation protocol conducted in young and healthy volunteers. Spectral analyses of TMS-evoked responses in frontal cortex revealed non-linear changes in gamma band evoked oscillations, compatible with an influence of circadian timing on inhibitory interneuron activity. In silico inferences of cell-to-cell excitatory and inhibitory connectivity and GABA/Glutamate receptor time constant based on neural mass modeling within the Dynamic causal modeling framework, further suggested excitation/inhibition balance was under a strong circadian influence. These results indicate that circadian changes in EEG spectral properties, in measure of excitatory/inhibitory connectivity and in GABA/glutamate receptor function could support the maintenance of cognitive performance during a normal waking day, but also during overnight wakefulness. More generally, these findings demonstrate a slow daily regulation of cortical excitation/inhibition balance, which depends on circadian-timing and prior sleep-wake history.
authors.affiliation: GIGA-Research, Cyclotron Research Center-In Vivo Imaging Unit, 8 allée du Six Août, Batiment B30, University of Liège, 4000 Liège, Belgium.|Walloon excellence in life sciences and biotechnology (WELBIO), Belgium.
authors.forename: Sarah L
authors.initials: SL
authors.lastname: Chellappa
authors.affiliation: GIGA-Research, Cyclotron Research Center-In Vivo Imaging Unit, 8 allée du Six Août, Batiment B30, University of Liège, 4000 Liège, Belgium.|Walloon excellence in life sciences and biotechnology (WELBIO), Belgium.
authors.forename: Giulia
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Gaggioni
authors.affiliation: GIGA-Research, Cyclotron Research Center-In Vivo Imaging Unit, 8 allée du Six Août, Batiment B30, University of Liège, 4000 Liège, Belgium.|Walloon excellence in life sciences and biotechnology (WELBIO), Belgium.|Department of Neurology, Domaine Universitaire du Sart Tilman, Bâtiment B35, CHU de Liège, 4000 Liège, Belgium.
authors.forename: Julien Q M
authors.initials: JQ
authors.lastname: Ly
authors.affiliation: GIGA-Research, Cyclotron Research Center-In Vivo Imaging Unit, 8 allée du Six Août, Batiment B30, University of Liège, 4000 Liège, Belgium.|Walloon excellence in life sciences and biotechnology (WELBIO), Belgium.
authors.forename: Soterios
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Papachilleos
authors.affiliation: GIGA-Research, Cyclotron Research Center-In Vivo Imaging Unit, 8 allée du Six Août, Batiment B30, University of Liège, 4000 Liège, Belgium.|Walloon excellence in life sciences and biotechnology (WELBIO), Belgium.
authors.forename: Chloé
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Borsu
authors.affiliation: GIGA-Research, Cyclotron Research Center-In Vivo Imaging Unit, 8 allée du Six Août, Batiment B30, University of Liège, 4000 Liège, Belgium.|Walloon excellence in life sciences and biotechnology (WELBIO), Belgium.
authors.forename: Alexandre
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Brzozowski
authors.affiliation: Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences "E.Sacco", Università degli Studi di Milano, via G. B. Grassi 74, 20157 Milano, Italy.|Fondazione Europea di Ricerca Biomedica, Ferb Onlus, Milan, Italy.
authors.forename: Mario
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Rosanova
authors.affiliation: Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences "E.Sacco", Università degli Studi di Milano, via G. B. Grassi 74, 20157 Milano, Italy.
authors.forename: Simone
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Sarasso
authors.affiliation: GIGA-Research, Cyclotron Research Center-In Vivo Imaging Unit, 8 allée du Six Août, Batiment B30, University of Liège, 4000 Liège, Belgium.|Walloon excellence in life sciences and biotechnology (WELBIO), Belgium.
authors.forename: André
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Luxen
authors.affiliation: Surrey Sleep Research Centre, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Surrey, GU2 7XP Guildford, United Kingdom.
authors.forename: Benita
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Middleton
authors.affiliation: Surrey Sleep Research Centre, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Surrey, GU2 7XP Guildford, United Kingdom.
authors.forename: Simon N
authors.initials: SN
authors.lastname: Archer
authors.affiliation: Surrey Sleep Research Centre, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Surrey, GU2 7XP Guildford, United Kingdom.
authors.forename: Derk-Jan
authors.initials: DJ
authors.lastname: Dijk
authors.affiliation: Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences "E.Sacco", Università degli Studi di Milano, via G. B. Grassi 74, 20157 Milano, Italy.
authors.forename: Marcello
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Massimini
authors.affiliation: GIGA-Research, Cyclotron Research Center-In Vivo Imaging Unit, 8 allée du Six Août, Batiment B30, University of Liège, 4000 Liège, Belgium.|Walloon excellence in life sciences and biotechnology (WELBIO), Belgium.|Department of Neurology, Domaine Universitaire du Sart Tilman, Bâtiment B35, CHU de Liège, 4000 Liège, Belgium.
authors.forename: Pierre
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Maquet
authors.affiliation: GIGA-Research, Cyclotron Research Center-In Vivo Imaging Unit, 8 allée du Six Août, Batiment B30, University of Liège, 4000 Liège, Belgium.|Walloon excellence in life sciences and biotechnology (WELBIO), Belgium.
authors.forename: Christophe
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Phillips
authors.affiliation: Virginia Tech Carilion Research Institute &Bradley Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Virginia Tech, 2 Riverside Circle, VA 24016 Roanoke, USA.
authors.forename: Rosalyn J
authors.initials: RJ
authors.lastname: Moran
authors.affiliation: GIGA-Research, Cyclotron Research Center-In Vivo Imaging Unit, 8 allée du Six Août, Batiment B30, University of Liège, 4000 Liège, Belgium.|Walloon excellence in life sciences and biotechnology (WELBIO), Belgium.
authors.forename: Gilles
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Vandewalle
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D002525:Cerebellar Cortex / Q000502:physiology*; D002940:Circadian Rhythm / Q000502:physiology*; D004569:Electroencephalography; D055724:Electrophysiological Phenomena; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008954:Models, Biological; D018079:Receptors, GABA / Q000378:metabolism; D017470:Receptors, Glutamate / Q000378:metabolism; D012890:Sleep / Q000502:physiology; D014851:Wakefulness; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D018079:Receptors, GABA; D017470:Receptors, Glutamate