title: Phaeohyphomycosis Caused by Rhytidhysteron rufulum and Review of Literature.
abstract: Phaeohyphomycosis is caused by a heterogeneous group of mycelial dematiaceous (phaeoid) fungi, which produce melanin pigment. This condition is often confused with chromoblastomycosis. Rhytidhysteron is a dematiaceous fungus, which has been recently found to be causing human infections. Till date only three cases of infection with Rhytidhysteron rufulum have been reported in the literature. All three cases have been from North India. Hereby, we present another two cases where Rhytidhysteron was isolated. Both the patients belonged to Chandigarh (India) and presented with subcutaneous lesions. The isolates were confirmed by ITS sequencing. Both the patients were immunocompetent and gave no history of trauma or any other predisposing factor. Phaeohyphomycosis are often missed due to lack of knowledge regarding the fungi causing the infections and there is need for clinical, pathological and microbiological correlation for effective diagnosis and treatment in these cases.
authors.affiliation: Department of Microbiology, Government Medical College Hospital, Sector 32, Chandigarh, 160030, India.
authors.forename: Jagdish
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Chander
authors.affiliation: Department of Microbiology, Government Medical College Hospital, Sector 32, Chandigarh, 160030, India. nidhisingla76@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Nidhi
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Singla
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathology, Government Medical College Hospital, Sector 32, Chandigarh, 160030, India.
authors.forename: Reetu
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Kundu
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathology, Government Medical College Hospital, Sector 32, Chandigarh, 160030, India.
authors.forename: Uma
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: Handa
authors.affiliation: Department of Medical Mycology, Vallabhbhai Patel Chest Institute, University of Delhi, Delhi, India.
authors.forename: Anuradha
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Chowdhary
mesh_terms: D001203:Ascomycota / Q000145:classification* / Q000235:genetics / Q000302:isolation & purification* / Q000502:physiology; D004271:DNA, Fungal / Q000737:chemistry / Q000235:genetics; D021903:DNA, Ribosomal Spacer / Q000737:chemistry / Q000235:genetics; D006651:Histocytochemistry; D006801:Humans; D007194:India; D035002:Lower Extremity / Q000473:pathology; D008297:Male; D008828:Microbiological Techniques; D008853:Microscopy; D008875:Middle Aged; D060446:Phaeohyphomycosis / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000473:pathology*; D010860:Pigments, Biological / Q000378:metabolism; D017422:Sequence Analysis, DNA
chemical_list: D004271:DNA, Fungal; D021903:DNA, Ribosomal Spacer; D010860:Pigments, Biological
keywords: Dematiaceous; Emerging fungi; North India; Phaeohyphomycosis; Rare fungi; Rhytidhysteron