title: Total Upper Eyelid Reconstruction with Modified Cutler-Beard Procedure Using Autogenous Auricular Cartilage.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Malignant tumour in upper lid is a surgical challenge to oculoplastic surgeon. Full thickness defect created after removal of large tumour promptly treated with modified cutler beard procedure using autogenous auricular cartilage. Surgical procedure is two staged: In first stage, removal of the tumour followed by full thickness flap repaired; In second stage, opening the closed lid with lid margin repair. Post-operatively, there is good anatomical, functional and cosmetic restoration of the eyelid similar to the other eye.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate the efficacy of the modified Cutler-Beard procedure using autogenous ear cartilage for tarsal plate reconstruction in the repair of 70-100% upper eyelid defects.
  
  
  METHODS
  This is a prospective, interventional case series of 16 patients over a period of three years. Patients with upper eyelid defects, secondary to removal of tumour, greater than or equal to 70% were included. Of these patients, those with lymph node involvement, distant metastasis, lower eyelid involvement, corneal infiltration or intra-orbital extension were excluded. FNAC was done in all the cases. Created defect was measured in mm (length and width) and later expressed in percentage. Pre and Post-operative measurement of Levator Palpebrae Superioris (LPS) was done. Pre and Post-operative measurement of Margin to Reflex Distance (MRD1) were also noted.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Upper eyelid recreation was successful in all patients without complications. Pre-operative LPS action ranged from 0-4 mm, while post-operative LPS action was 12-14 mm. Pre-operative MRD1 ranged from -4 millimeters to -1 mm, while post-operative MRD1 was +3 to +4 millimeters. The follow-up period ranged from six months to two years. Every patient had a successful upper eyelid reconstruction.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The modified Cutler-Beard procedure using an autogenous auricular cartilage graft is an effective procedure for repair of large upper eyelid defects, with acceptable functional and cosmetic results. Furthermore, it is particularly useful in resource-poor areas, due to lower cost than other available options.
authors.affiliation: Associate Professor, Department of Ophthalmology, Regional Institute of Ophthalmology, Medical College and Hospital , Kolkata, India .
authors.forename: Salil Kumar
authors.initials: SK
authors.lastname: Mandal
authors.affiliation: Lewis Professor and Chairman, Department of Ophthalmology, University of Tennessee, Health Sciences Center Hamilton Eye Institute , United States .
authors.forename: James Christian
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: Fleming
authors.affiliation: PGY-4, Department of Ophthalmology, University of Tennessee Health Sciences Center, Hamilton Eye Institute , United States .
authors.forename: Shilpa Gillella
authors.initials: SG
authors.lastname: Reddy
authors.affiliation: Assistant Professor, Department of Ophthalmology, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Hamilton Eye Institute , United States .
authors.forename: Brian T
authors.initials: BT
authors.lastname: Fowler
keywords: Choroid; Cilliary body; Coloboma; Levator palpebrae superioris; Ptosis