title: Patient safety culture and associated factors: A quantitative and qualitative study of healthcare workers' view in Jimma zone Hospitals, Southwest Ethiopia.
abstract: Patient safety culture is an important aspect for quality healthcare delivery and is an issue of high concern globally. In Ethiopia health system little is known and information is limited in scope about patient safety culture. Therefore, the aim of this study was to assess the level of patient safety culture and associated factors in Jimma zone Hospitals, southwest Ethiopia.
  
  
  
  Facility based cross sectional quantitative study triangulated with qualitative approaches was employed from March to April 30/2015. Stratified sampling technique was used to select 637 study participants among 4 hospitals. The standardized tool which measures 12 patient safety culture composites was used for data collection. Bivariate and multivariate linear regression analyses were performed using SPSS version 20. Significance level was obtained at 95 % CI and p-value < 0.05. Semi structured guide in depth interview was used to collect the qualitative data. Content analysis of the interview was performed.
  
  
  
  The overall level of patient safety culture was 46.7 % (95 % CI: 43.0, 51.2). Hours worked per week (β =-0.06, 95 % CI:-0.12,-0.001), reporting adverse event (β = 3.34, 95 % CI: 2.12, 4.57), good communication (β = 2.78, 95 % CI: 2.29, 3.28), teamwork within hospital (β = 1.91, 95 % CI: 1.37, 2.46), level of staffing (β = 1.32, 95 % CI: 0.89, 1.75), exchange of feedback about error (β = 1.37, 95 % CI: 0.91, 1.83) and participation in patient safety program (β = 1.3, 95 % CI: 0.57, 2.03) were factors significantly associated with the patient safety culture. The in depth interview indicated incident reporting, resources, healthcare worker attitude and patient involvement as important factors that influence patient safety culture.
  
  
  
  The overall level of patient safety culture was low. Working hours, level of staffing, teamwork, communications openness, reporting an event and exchange of feedback about error were associated with patient safety culture. Therefore, interventions of systemic approach through facilitating opportunities for communication openness, cooperation and exchange of ideas between healthcare workers are needed to improve the level of patient safety culture.
authors.affiliation: Department of Environmental and Occupational Health and Safety, Institute of Public Health, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia. sintayehudaba2004@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Sintayehu Daba
authors.initials: SD
authors.lastname: Wami
authors.affiliation: Department of Health Service Management and Health Economics, Institute of Public Health, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia.
authors.forename: Amsalu Feleke
authors.initials: AF
authors.lastname: Demssie
authors.affiliation: Department of Human Nutrition, Institute of Public Health, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia.
authors.forename: Molla Mesele
authors.initials: MM
authors.lastname: Wassie
authors.affiliation: Department of Environmental and Occupational Health and Safety, Institute of Public Health, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia.
authors.forename: Ansha Nega
authors.initials: AN
authors.lastname: Ahmed
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001291:Attitude of Health Personnel; D003142:Communication; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D003695:Delivery of Health Care / Q000592:standards; D005002:Ethiopia; D005246:Feedback; D005260:Female; D006282:Health Personnel; D006760:Hospitalization; D006761:Hospitals / Q000592:standards; D006801:Humans; D007400:Interprofessional Relations; D008297:Male; D019300:Medical Errors / Q000517:prevention & control; D008875:Middle Aged; D015279:Organizational Culture; D010348:Patient Care Team / Q000458:organization & administration; D061214:Patient Safety; D010561:Personnel Staffing and Scheduling / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D036301:Qualitative Research; D011787:Quality of Health Care / Q000592:standards*; D017751:Safety Management / Q000458:organization & administration; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D055815:Young Adult
keywords: Ethiopia; Jimma Zone Hospitals; Patient safety culture