title: Sodium ion transport participates in non-neuronal acetylcholine release in the renal cortex of anesthetized rabbits.
abstract: This study examined the mechanism of release of endogenous acetylcholine (ACh) in rabbit renal cortex by applying a microdialysis technique. In anesthetized rabbits, a microdialysis probe was implanted into the renal cortex and perfused with Ringer's solution containing high potassium concentration, high sodium concentration, a Na+/K+-ATPase inhibitor (ouabain), or an epithelial Na+channel blocker (benzamil). Dialysate samples were collected at baseline and during exposure to each agent, and ACh concentrations in the samples were measured by high-performance liquid chromatography. High potassium had no effect on renal ACh release. High sodium increased dialysate ACh concentrations significantly. Ouabain increased dialysate ACh concentration significantly. Benzamil decreased dialysate ACh concentrations significantly both at baseline and under high sodium. The finding that high potassium-induced depolarization does not increase ACh release suggests that endogenous ACh is released in renal cortex mainly by non-neuronal mechanism. Sodium ion transport may be involved in the non-neuronal ACh release.
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardiovascular Dynamics, National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center, 5-7-1 Fujishiro-dai, Suita, Osaka, 565-8565, Japan. shujismz@ri.ncvc.go.jp.
authors.forename: Shuji
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Shimizu
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardiac Physiology, National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center, Osaka, 565-8565, Japan.
authors.forename: Tsuyoshi
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Akiyama
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardiovascular Dynamics, National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center, 5-7-1 Fujishiro-dai, Suita, Osaka, 565-8565, Japan.
authors.forename: Toru
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Kawada
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardiovascular Dynamics, National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center, 5-7-1 Fujishiro-dai, Suita, Osaka, 565-8565, Japan.
authors.forename: Yusuke
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Sata
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardiovascular Dynamics, National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center, 5-7-1 Fujishiro-dai, Suita, Osaka, 565-8565, Japan.
authors.forename: Michael James
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Turner
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardiovascular Dynamics, National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center, 5-7-1 Fujishiro-dai, Suita, Osaka, 565-8565, Japan.
authors.forename: Masafumi
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Fukumitsu
authors.affiliation: Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Kindai University, Osaka, 589-8511, Japan.
authors.forename: Hiromi
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Yamamoto
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardiovascular Dynamics, National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center, 5-7-1 Fujishiro-dai, Suita, Osaka, 565-8565, Japan.
authors.forename: Atsunori
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Kamiya
authors.affiliation: Department of Research Promotion, National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center, Osaka, 565-8565, Japan.
authors.forename: Toshiaki
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Shishido
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardiovascular Dynamics, National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center, 5-7-1 Fujishiro-dai, Suita, Osaka, 565-8565, Japan.
authors.forename: Masaru
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Sugimachi
mesh_terms: D000109:Acetylcholine / Q000378:metabolism*; D000584:Amiloride / Q000031:analogs & derivatives / Q000494:pharmacology; D000818:Animals; D017136:Ion Transport / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology*; D007672:Kidney Cortex / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism*; D017551:Microdialysis / Q000379:methods; D010042:Ouabain / Q000494:pharmacology; D011188:Potassium / Q000378:metabolism; D011817:Rabbits; D012964:Sodium / Q000378:metabolism*; D015222:Sodium Channels / Q000378:metabolism; D000254:Sodium-Potassium-Exchanging ATPase / Q000378:metabolism; D014630:Vagus Nerve / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D015222:Sodium Channels; C013407:benzamil; D010042:Ouabain; D000584:Amiloride; D012964:Sodium; D000254:Sodium-Potassium-Exchanging ATPase; D000109:Acetylcholine; D011188:Potassium
keywords: Acetylcholine; Microdialysis; Non-neuronal release; Renal cortex; Sodium