title: Multi-Target Approach to Metastatic Adrenal Cell Carcinoma.
abstract: Adrenal cell carcinoma is a rare tumor and more than 70% of patients present with advanced stages. Adrenal cell carcinoma is an aggressive tumor with a poor prognosis. Surgical intervention is the gold standard treatment and mitotane is the only drug approved for the treatment of adrenal cell carcinoma. Until recently in 2012, the etoposide, doxorubicin, cisplatin plus mitotane are approved as first-line therapy based on response rate and progression-free survival. This case illustrates a case of advanced adrenal cell carcinoma in a young girl who presented with huge adrenal mass with inferior vena cava thrombosis and pulmonary embolism. Multi-approach of therapy was used to control the tumor size and metastasis. Therefore, it may prolong her survival rate for up to 5 years and 4 months.
authors.affiliation: Endocrine Unit, Department of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
authors.forename: Norasyikin A
authors.initials: NA
authors.lastname: Wahab
authors.affiliation: Endocrine Unit, Department of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
authors.forename: Suehazlyn
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Zainudin
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, National Heart Institute, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
authors.forename: Aini
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: AbAziz
authors.affiliation: Endocrine Unit, Department of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
authors.forename: Norlaila
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Mustafa
authors.affiliation: Endocrine Unit, Department of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
authors.forename: Norlela
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Sukor
authors.affiliation: Endocrine Unit, Department of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
authors.forename: Nor Azmi
authors.initials: NA
authors.lastname: Kamaruddin
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000306:Adrenal Cortex Neoplasms / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000473:pathology* / Q000628:therapy; D000315:Adrenalectomy / Q000379:methods; D018268:Adrenocortical Carcinoma / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000473:pathology* / Q000628:therapy; D000971:Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols / Q000627:therapeutic use; D002945:Cisplatin / Q000008:administration & dosage; D018572:Disease-Free Survival; D004317:Doxorubicin / Q000008:administration & dosage; D005047:Etoposide / Q000008:administration & dosage; D017809:Fatal Outcome; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007813:Laparotomy / Q000379:methods; D008113:Liver Neoplasms / Q000556:secondary*; D008939:Mitotane / Q000008:administration & dosage; D000072078:Positron Emission Tomography Computed Tomography
chemical_list: D005047:Etoposide; D008939:Mitotane; D004317:Doxorubicin; D002945:Cisplatin