title: In vivo study of alginate hydrogel conglutinating cells to polycaprolactone vascular scaffolds fabricated by electrospinning.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The aim of this study was to explore an innovative cell-seeding technology applied on artificial vascular scaffolds.
  
  
  METHODS
  Scaffolds were fabricated by electrospinning polycaprolactone (PCL) and seeded with rat endothelial progenitor cells differentiated from adipose-derived stem cells. Then, we modified the PCL scaffolds through the use of alginate hydrogel conglutinating cells (AHCC), a blank alginate hydrogel coating (BAHC), and natural sedimentation seeding cells (NSSC). The blank PCL (BP) scaffolds without any modifications were considered the blank control group. After modification, the scaffolds were implanted in a rat model. The implanted scaffolds were harvested and observed using histological and immunohistochemical methods and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) at 1, 2, and 4 weeks after implantation, respectively.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The best regeneration and configuration of the endothelium tissue and the most similar morphology to that of natural endangium was observed qualitatively in the AHCC scaffolds. The BP scaffolds had qualitatively the worst regeneration and configuration and the most dissimilar morphology at the same time point. In the AHCC group, cells could adhere directly on the inner surface of the vascular scaffolds, eliminating the time delay via the NSSC method prior to cell adhesion.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  AHCC are an effective method for seeding cells on vascular scaffolds and can eliminate the time delay for cell adhesion. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part B: Appl Biomater, 105B: 2443-2454, 2017.
authors.affiliation: Department of Vascular Surgery, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Kwang-Hsiao
authors.initials: KH
authors.lastname: Sun
authors.affiliation: Department of Vascular Surgery, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Zhao
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.affiliation: Department of Vascular Surgery, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Chang-Jian
authors.initials: CJ
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.affiliation: Department of Vascular Surgery, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Tong
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Yu
authors.affiliation: Department of Vascular Surgery, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Min
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Zhou
authors.affiliation: Department of Vascular Surgery, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Cheng
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.affiliation: Department of Vascular Surgery, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Feng
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Ran
authors.affiliation: Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory of Photonic and Electronic Materials, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, School of Electronic Science and Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Li-Jia
authors.initials: LJ
authors.lastname: Pan
authors.affiliation: Centre for Individualised Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden.
authors.forename: Huan
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Zhang
mesh_terms: D000464:Alginates / Q000737:chemistry*; D000818:Animals; D001807:Blood Vessel Prosthesis; D066026:Endothelial Progenitor Cells / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000648:ultrastructure; D020723:Glucuronic Acid / Q000737:chemistry; D006603:Hexuronic Acids / Q000737:chemistry; D020100:Hydrogels / Q000737:chemistry*; D008297:Male; D008422:Materials Testing; D011091:Polyesters / Q000737:chemistry*; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D054457:Tissue Scaffolds / Q000737:chemistry*
chemical_list: D000464:Alginates; D006603:Hexuronic Acids; D020100:Hydrogels; D011091:Polyesters; C016240:polycaprolactone; D020723:Glucuronic Acid
keywords: alginate hydrogel conglutinating cells; electrospinning; in vivo study; polycaprolactone; rat model; vascular scaffold