title: The effects of selenium supplementation on biomarkers of inflammation and oxidative stress in patients with diabetic nephropathy: a randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial.
abstract: This study was carried out to assess the effects of Se supplementation on biomarkers of inflammation and oxidative stress in patients with diabetic nephropathy (DN). This randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial was conducted among sixty patients with DN. Patients were randomly divided into two groups to take either 200 µg/d Se supplements as Se yeast (n 30) or placebo (n 30) for 12 weeks. In unadjusted analyses, compared with the placebo, Se supplementation led to a significant reduction in high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP) (-1069·2 (sd 1752·2) v. -135·3 (sd 1258·9) ng/ml, P=0·02), matrix metalloproteinase-2 (MMP-2) (-612·3 (sd 679·6) v. +76·0 (sd 309·1) ng/ml, P<0·001) and plasma malondialdehyde (MDA) concentrations (-0·1 (sd 0·7) v. +0·4 (sd 0·9) µmol/l, P=0·01). In addition, a significant increase in plasma total antioxidant capacity (TAC) (+174·9 (sd 203·9) v. +15·8 (sd 382·2) mmol/l, P=0·04) was observed following supplementation with Se compared with the placebo. Subjects who received Se supplements experienced a borderline statistically significant decrease in serum protein carbonyl (PCO) levels (P=0·06) compared with the placebo. When we adjusted the analysis for baseline values of biochemical parameters, age and BMI, serum hs-CRP (P=0·14) and MDA levels (P=0·16) became non-significant, whereas plasma nitric oxide (NO) (P=0·04) and glutathione (GSH) (P<0·001) became statistically significant, and other findings did not change. Supplementation with Se had no significant effect on NO, transforming growth factor β (TGF-β), advanced glycation end products (AGE), PCO and GSH compared with the placebo. Overall, our study demonstrated that Se supplementation among DN patients had favourable effects on serum MMP-2, plasma NO, TAC and GSH, but did not affect hs-CRP, TGF-β, AGE, PCO and MDA.
authors.affiliation: 1Research Center for Biochemistry and Nutrition in Metabolic Diseases,Kashan University of Medical Sciences,PO Box 8715988141, Kashan,Iran.
authors.forename: Fereshteh
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Bahmani
authors.affiliation: 1Research Center for Biochemistry and Nutrition in Metabolic Diseases,Kashan University of Medical Sciences,PO Box 8715988141, Kashan,Iran.
authors.forename: Mahsa
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kia
authors.affiliation: 2Department of Internal Medicine,Kashan University of Medical Sciences,PO Box 8715988141, Kashan,Iran.
authors.forename: Alireza
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Soleimani
authors.affiliation: 3Petroleum Industry Health Organization,PO Box 83121625, Tehran,Iran.
authors.forename: Ali Akbar
authors.initials: AA
authors.lastname: Mohammadi
authors.affiliation: 1Research Center for Biochemistry and Nutrition in Metabolic Diseases,Kashan University of Medical Sciences,PO Box 8715988141, Kashan,Iran.
authors.forename: Zatollah
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Asemi
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000975:Antioxidants / Q000032:analysis; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000097:blood*; D002097:C-Reactive Protein / Q000032:analysis; D003928:Diabetic Nephropathies / Q000097:blood*; D019587:Dietary Supplements; D004311:Double-Blind Method; D005260:Female; D005978:Glutathione / Q000097:blood; D006801:Humans; D007249:Inflammation / Q000097:blood*; D007492:Iran; D008297:Male; D008315:Malondialdehyde / Q000097:blood; D020778:Matrix Metalloproteinase 2 / Q000097:blood; D008875:Middle Aged; D009569:Nitric Oxide / Q000097:blood; D018384:Oxidative Stress / Q000502:physiology*; D010919:Placebos; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012643:Selenium / Q000008:administration & dosage*
chemical_list: D000975:Antioxidants; D015415:Biomarkers; D010919:Placebos; D009569:Nitric Oxide; D008315:Malondialdehyde; D002097:C-Reactive Protein; D020778:Matrix Metalloproteinase 2; D005978:Glutathione; D012643:Selenium
keywords:  AGE advanced glycation end products;  CV coefficient variances;  DN diabetic nephropathy;  GPx glutathione peroxidase;  GSH glutathione;  MDA malondialdehyde;  NO nitric oxide;  PCO protein carbonyl;  TAC total antioxidant capacity;  TGF-β
                  transforming growth factor β
                 ;  hs-CRP high-sensitivity C-reactive protein; Diabetic nephropathy; Inflammation; Oxidative stress; Selenium supplementation