title: Vasectomy and Prostate Cancer Incidence and Mortality in a Large US Cohort.
abstract: Purpose In a recent large prospective study, vasectomy was associated with modestly higher risk of prostate cancer, especially high-grade and lethal prostate cancer. However, evidence from prospective studies remains limited. Therefore, we assessed the associations of vasectomy with prostate cancer incidence and mortality in a large cohort in the United States. Patients and Methods We examined the association between vasectomy and prostate cancer mortality among 363,726 men in the Cancer Prevention Study II (CPS-II) cohort, of whom 7,451 died as a result of prostate cancer during follow-up from 1982 to 2012. We also examined the association between vasectomy and prostate cancer incidence among 66,542 men in the CPS-II Nutrition Cohort, a subgroup of the CPS-II cohort, of whom 9,133 were diagnosed with prostate cancer during follow-up from 1992 to 2011. Cox proportional hazards regression modeling was used to estimate multivariable-adjusted hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% CIs. Results In the CPS-II cohort, vasectomy was not associated with prostate cancer mortality (HR, 1.01; 95% CI, 0.93 to 1.10). In the CPS-II Nutrition Cohort, vasectomy was not associated with either overall prostate cancer incidence (HR, 1.02; 95% CI, 0.96 to 1.08) or high-grade prostate cancer incidence (HR, 0.91; 95% CI, 0.78 to 1.07 for cancers with Gleason score ≥ 8). Conclusion Results from these large prospective cohorts do not support associations of vasectomy with either prostate cancer incidence or prostate cancer mortality.
authors.affiliation: All authors: American Cancer Society, Atlanta, GA.
authors.forename: Eric J
authors.initials: EJ
authors.lastname: Jacobs
authors.affiliation: All authors: American Cancer Society, Atlanta, GA.
authors.forename: Rebecca L
authors.initials: RL
authors.lastname: Anderson
authors.affiliation: All authors: American Cancer Society, Atlanta, GA.
authors.forename: Victoria L
authors.initials: VL
authors.lastname: Stevens
authors.affiliation: All authors: American Cancer Society, Atlanta, GA.
authors.forename: Christina C
authors.initials: CC
authors.lastname: Newton
authors.affiliation: All authors: American Cancer Society, Atlanta, GA.
authors.forename: Ted
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Gansler
authors.affiliation: All authors: American Cancer Society, Atlanta, GA.
authors.forename: Susan M
authors.initials: SM
authors.lastname: Gapstur
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D015331:Cohort Studies; D006801:Humans; D015994:Incidence; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D060787:Neoplasm Grading; D016016:Proportional Hazards Models; D011446:Prospective Studies; D011471:Prostatic Neoplasms / Q000401:mortality*; D014481:United States / Q000453:epidemiology; D014659:Vasectomy / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*