title: Identification of a novel human deoxynivalenol metabolite enhancing proliferation of intestinal and urinary bladder cells.
abstract: The mycotoxin deoxynivalenol (DON) is an abundant contaminant of cereal based food and a severe issue for global food safety. We report the discovery of DON-3-sulfate as a novel human metabolite and potential new biomarker of DON exposure. The conjugate was detectable in 70% of urine samples obtained from pregnant women in Croatia. For the measurement of urinary metabolites, a highly sensitive and selective LC-MS/MS method was developed and validated. The method was also used to investigate samples from a duplicate diet survey for studying the toxicokinetics of DON-3-sulfate. To get a preliminary insight into the biological relevance of the newly discovered DON-sulfates, in vitroexperiments were performed. In contrast to DON, sulfate conjugates lacked potency to suppress protein translation. However, surprisingly we found that DON-sulfates enhanced proliferation of human HT-29 colon carcinoma cells, primary human colon epithelial cells (HCEC-1CT) and, to some extent, also T24 bladder cancer cells. A proliferative stimulus, especially in tumorigenic cells raises concern on the potential impact of DON-sulfates on consumer health. Thus, a further characterization of their toxicological relevance should be of high priority.
authors.affiliation: University of Vienna, Faculty of Chemistry, Department of Food Chemistry and Toxicology, Währingerstr. 38, 1090 Vienna, Austria.|University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna (BOKU), Department IFA-Tulln, Konrad-Lorenz-Str. 20, 3430 Tulln, Austria.
authors.forename: Benedikt
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Warth
authors.affiliation: University of Vienna, Faculty of Chemistry, Department of Food Chemistry and Toxicology, Währingerstr. 38, 1090 Vienna, Austria.
authors.forename: Giorgia
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Del Favero
authors.affiliation: University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna (BOKU), Department of Applied Genetics and Cell Biology, Konrad-Lorenz-Str. 24, 3430 Tulln, Austria.
authors.forename: Gerlinde
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Wiesenberger
authors.affiliation: University of Vienna, Faculty of Chemistry, Department of Food Chemistry and Toxicology, Währingerstr. 38, 1090 Vienna, Austria.
authors.forename: Hannes
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Puntscher
authors.affiliation: University of Vienna, Faculty of Chemistry, Department of Food Chemistry and Toxicology, Währingerstr. 38, 1090 Vienna, Austria.
authors.forename: Lydia
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Woelflingseder
authors.affiliation: University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna (BOKU), Department of Applied Genetics and Cell Biology, Konrad-Lorenz-Str. 24, 3430 Tulln, Austria.|Vienna University of Technology, Institute of Applied Synthetic Chemistry, Getreidemarkt 9, 1060 Vienna, Austria.
authors.forename: Philipp
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Fruhmann
authors.affiliation: University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna (BOKU), Department IFA-Tulln, Konrad-Lorenz-Str. 20, 3430 Tulln, Austria.|Josip Juraj Strossmayer University, Department of Applied Chemistry and Ecology, Faculty of Food Technology, 31000 Osijek, Croatia.
authors.forename: Bojan
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Sarkanj
authors.affiliation: University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna (BOKU), Department IFA-Tulln, Konrad-Lorenz-Str. 20, 3430 Tulln, Austria.
authors.forename: Rudolf
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Krska
authors.affiliation: University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna (BOKU), Department IFA-Tulln, Konrad-Lorenz-Str. 20, 3430 Tulln, Austria.
authors.forename: Rainer
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Schuhmacher
authors.affiliation: University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna (BOKU), Department of Applied Genetics and Cell Biology, Konrad-Lorenz-Str. 24, 3430 Tulln, Austria.
authors.forename: Gerhard
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Adam
authors.affiliation: University of Vienna, Faculty of Chemistry, Department of Food Chemistry and Toxicology, Währingerstr. 38, 1090 Vienna, Austria.
authors.forename: Doris
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Marko