title: Hematology and serum biochemistry of Indian spectacled cobra (Naja naja) and Indian rat snake (Ptyas mucosa).
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To study the hematology and serum biochemistry parameters of Indian spectacled cobra (Naja naja) and Indian rat snake (Ptyas mucosa) and to evaluate the differences in the same between captive and wild populations.
  
  
  METHODS
  Animals were categorized into four groups, viz., wild Indian spectacled cobra (n=10), wild Indian rat snakes (n=10), captive Indian spectacled cobra (n=10), and captive Indian rat snake (n=10). The snakes were restrained with restraint tubes, and 2 ml of blood was collected from either heart or ventral coccygeal vein. Hematological examinations were performed manually and serum biochemistry assays were performed on semi-automated clinical chemistry analyzer.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The values of total erythrocyte count, packed cell volume, and hemoglobin were slightly low in captive spectacled cobras and captive rat snakes compared to wild ones, whereas total leukocyte count was found to be slightly high in wild spectacled cobras compared to captive ones. All the recorded values of biochemical and electrolyte analytes were found to be well within expected range for snakes except for total protein and chloride levels in both the species which was slightly above the expected range.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The hematology and serum biochemistry intervals of the two most common Indian snakes are presented here. The data will be useful in routine health evaluations and aiding in better medical management of the species studied. Since this study is the first to report complete hematologic and blood biochemical ranges for the study species, observations made here can also be used as referral intervals for future use.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Wildlife Veterinary Research, Karnataka Veterinary, Animal and Fisheries Sciences University, Doddaluvara - 571 232, Kodagu, Karnataka, India.
authors.forename: Sanath Krishna
authors.initials: SK
authors.lastname: Muliya
authors.affiliation: Institute of Wildlife Veterinary Research, Karnataka Veterinary, Animal and Fisheries Sciences University, Doddaluvara - 571 232, Kodagu, Karnataka, India.
authors.forename: Mudraje Narayana
authors.initials: MN
authors.lastname: Bhat
keywords: Indian rat snake; Indian spectacled cobra; Naja naja; Ptyas mucosa; hematology; serum biochemistry