title: Bovine and Caprine Brucellosis in Bangladesh: Bayesian evaluation of four serological tests, true prevalence, and associated risk factors in household animals.
abstract: A cross-sectional study was carried out to estimate the true prevalence of Brucella spp. and identify allied risk factors/indicators associated with brucellosis in the Dinajpur and Mymensingh districts of Bangladesh. A total 320 stratified random blood samples were collected and tested in parallel for Brucella antibodies using Rose Bengal (RBT), slow agglutination (SAT), and indirect and competitive ELISA. In addition, a structured questionnaire was administered to each household herd owner to gather information regarding potential risk factors. Both univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses were used to identify potential risk factors or indicators at animal level. A Bayesian approach was used to estimate the true prevalence of brucellosis along with the test performances (Se and Sp). The estimated animal level true prevalence in cattle was 9.70 % (95 % CPI 5.0-16 %) and in goat 6.3 % (95 % CPI 2.8-11.0 %). The highest sensitivity was achieved by SAT ranges from 69.6 to 78.9 %, and iELISA was found to be more specific (97.4 to 98.8 %) in comparison with other tests. On the other hand, a significant level of (P < 0.05) Brucella seropositivity was found in cattle that breed naturally compared with those that undergo artificial insemination. In goats, exotic breeds were significantly associated (P < 0.05) with Brucella seroprevalence compared with indigenous breeds. Goats with a previous records of abortion and/or retained placenta were also found to have significant levels (P < 0.05). Cows with previous abortion records showed higher odds (18 times) of being seropositive. None of the evaluated tests can be recommended to apply alone for the diagnosis of bovine and caprine brucellosis.
authors.affiliation: Unit of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Institute of Tropical Medicine (ITM), Nationalestraat 155, B-2000, Antwerp, Belgium. mdshamim.ahasan@my.jcu.edu.au.|Department of Medicine, Surgery and Obstetrics, Hajee Mohammad Danesh Science and Technology University, Dinajpur, 5200, Bangladesh. mdshamim.ahasan@my.jcu.edu.au.|College of Public Health, Medical and Veterinary Sciences, James Cook University, Townsville, Australia. mdshamim.ahasan@my.jcu.edu.au.
authors.forename: Md Shamim
authors.initials: MS
authors.lastname: Ahasan
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh, 2202, Bangladesh.
authors.forename: Md Siddiqur
authors.initials: MS
authors.lastname: Rahman
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh, 2202, Bangladesh.
authors.forename: A K M Anisur
authors.initials: AK
authors.lastname: Rahman
authors.affiliation: Unit of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Institute of Tropical Medicine (ITM), Nationalestraat 155, B-2000, Antwerp, Belgium.
authors.forename: Dirk
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Berkvens
mesh_terms: D000034:Abortion, Veterinary; D000818:Animals; D000907:Antibodies, Bacterial / Q000097:blood*; D001459:Bangladesh / Q000453:epidemiology; D001499:Bayes Theorem; D001947:Breeding; D002002:Brucella / Q000276:immunology; D002006:Brucellosis / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000662:veterinary*; D002417:Cattle / Q000276:immunology / Q000382:microbiology*; D002418:Cattle Diseases / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000382:microbiology; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D004797:Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay / Q000662:veterinary; D005260:Female; D015511:Goat Diseases / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000382:microbiology; D006041:Goats / Q000276:immunology / Q000382:microbiology*; D011247:Pregnancy; D015995:Prevalence; D012044:Regression Analysis; D012307:Risk Factors; D016036:Seroepidemiologic Studies; D012698:Serologic Tests; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires
chemical_list: D000907:Antibodies, Bacterial
keywords: Bayesian analyses; Brucellosis; Cattle; Goats; Risk factors; Seroprevalence; Test characteristics