title: Synthesis and Pharmacological Evaluation of Tetrazolobenzimidazoles as Novel Anti-inflammatory Agents.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Currently used anti-inflammatory drugs are associated with some severe side effects such as gastric irritation, which may range from simple discomfort to ulcer formation. Therefore, the development of potent anti-inflammatory drugs with fewer side effects is important. Benzimidazole, tetrazole and its various derivatives have been used in the synthesis of numerous heterocyclic compounds. In the past few decades, these compounds received much attention due to their diverse array of biological activities. As these heterocycles are known to possess anti-inflammatory activity individually, we thought it worthwhile to link these heterocycles, synthesize them and evaluate for possible changes in this anti-inflammatory activity.
  
  
  METHODS
  Novel benzimidazole linked tetrazole compound 2-{[2-(1H-tetrazole-5-yl)ethyl] sulfanyl}-1,3-benzimidazole (3) was synthesized by cyclization of 3-(1,3-benzimidazol-2-ylsulfanyl) propanenitrile in presence of sodium azide. A series of tetrazolobenzimidazole derivatives (3a-h) were synthesized by the reaction of compound (3) with acid chlorides. All the synthesized compounds were subjected to structural elucidation by IR, 1H-NMR spectroscopy, Mass spectrometry and elemental analyses. The newly synthesized compounds were screened for anti-inflammatory activity by carrageenan-induced paw oedema method in albino rats.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Compounds (3a, 3c, 3g) which contain acetyl, benzoyl and benzoyl moieties; respectively at N-1of tetrazole exhibited anti-inflammatory activities comparable with standard drug diclofenac. Other compounds exhibited anti-inflammatory activity less than the standard. The differences between control and treatment group were tested using one way ANOVA followed by Dunnett's test. A probability value less than 0.01 was considered to be statistically significant. The GraphPad Instat 3.0 version was used for statistical analysis.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Synthesized compounds having anti-inflammatory activity better than standard were found to be 1-{5-[2-(benzimidazol-2-yl-sulfanyl)ethyl]-2H-tetrazol-2yl}methanone (3c) and 1-{5-[5-methoxy-2-(benzimidazol-2-yl-sulfanyl)ethyl]-2H-tetrazol-2yl}methanone (3g) and the compounds (3a, 3e, 3f) were found to exhibit anti-inflammatory activity comparable to that of standard. All the compounds were found to cause less gastric ulceration than the standard drug diclofenac.
authors.affiliation: Government College of Pharmacy, Opposite Government Polytechnic, Railway station road, Osmanpura, Aurangabad (M.S), India - 431 005.. India.
authors.forename: Mayura A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Kale
authors.forename: Rajesh B
authors.initials: RB
authors.lastname: Nawale
authors.forename: Manjiri R
authors.initials: MR
authors.lastname: Peharkar
authors.forename: Sharad V
authors.initials: SV
authors.lastname: Kuberkar
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000893:Anti-Inflammatory Agents / Q000138:chemical synthesis* / Q000494:pharmacology* / Q000633:toxicity; D001562:Benzimidazoles / Q000138:chemical synthesis* / Q000494:pharmacology* / Q000633:toxicity; D002351:Carrageenan; D004008:Diclofenac / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000633:toxicity; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D015195:Drug Design; D055808:Drug Discovery / Q000379:methods; D004487:Edema / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000517:prevention & control*; D013058:Mass Spectrometry; D015394:Molecular Structure; D066244:Proton Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D013055:Spectrophotometry, Infrared; D013276:Stomach Ulcer / Q000139:chemically induced; D013329:Structure-Activity Relationship; D013777:Tetrazoles / Q000138:chemical synthesis* / Q000494:pharmacology* / Q000633:toxicity
chemical_list: D000893:Anti-Inflammatory Agents; D001562:Benzimidazoles; D013777:Tetrazoles; D004008:Diclofenac; C045574:1H-tetrazole; D002351:Carrageenan; C031000:benzimidazole