title: Impact of alkaline dust pollution on genetic variation of Usnea subfloridana populations.
abstract: Very little is known whether and how air pollution impacts genetic diversity of lichenized fungi that are well-known indicators of environmental quality. We studied the genetic variation of eight Usnea subfloridana populations in Pinus sylvestris-dominated boreal forest stands in southern Estonia, Northern Europe; four of these populations were exposed to long-term dust pollution released from unpaved road. The mean bark pH of lichen phorophyte differed considerably between polluted and unpolluted forest stands. We genotyped 274 Usnea thalli using nine specific fungal microsatellite markers. Genetic variation measures were calculated and compared between populations from different habitats. Allelic richness, Shannon's information index, and genetic diversity of lichen populations were significantly higher in unpolluted forest sites than in polluted forest sites. We conclude that environmental disturbances caused by alkaline dust pollution had negative impact on the genetic variation of U. subfloridana, a common species of lichenized fungi.
authors.affiliation: Department of Botany, University of Tartu, Lai 40, 51005, Tartu, Estonia; Biodiversity and Conservation Biology, WSL Swiss Federal Research Institute, Birmensdorf, Zürcherstrasse 111, 8903, Birmensdorf, Switzerland. Electronic address: polina.degtjarenko@ut.ee.
authors.forename: Polina
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Degtjarenko
authors.affiliation: Department of Botany, University of Tartu, Lai 40, 51005, Tartu, Estonia.
authors.forename: Liis
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Marmor
authors.affiliation: Department of Botany, University of Tartu, Lai 40, 51005, Tartu, Estonia; Biodiversity and Conservation Biology, WSL Swiss Federal Research Institute, Birmensdorf, Zürcherstrasse 111, 8903, Birmensdorf, Switzerland.
authors.forename: Tiiu
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Tõrra
authors.affiliation: Biodiversity and Conservation Biology, WSL Swiss Federal Research Institute, Birmensdorf, Zürcherstrasse 111, 8903, Birmensdorf, Switzerland.
authors.forename: Michèle
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Lerch
authors.affiliation: Department of Botany, University of Tartu, Lai 40, 51005, Tartu, Estonia.
authors.forename: Andres
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Saag
authors.affiliation: Department of Botany, University of Tartu, Lai 40, 51005, Tartu, Estonia.
authors.forename: Tiina
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Randlane
authors.affiliation: Biodiversity and Conservation Biology, WSL Swiss Federal Research Institute, Birmensdorf, Zürcherstrasse 111, 8903, Birmensdorf, Switzerland.
authors.forename: Christoph
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Scheidegger
mesh_terms: D000393:Air Pollutants / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology*; D004391:Dust / Q000032:analysis; D014644:Genetic Variation / Q000187:drug effects*; D008011:Lichens / Q000382:microbiology*; D018895:Microsatellite Repeats; D010802:Phylogeny; D020949:Usnea / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000235:genetics* / Q000302:isolation & purification
chemical_list: D000393:Air Pollutants; D004391:Dust
keywords: Estonia; Lichenized fungi; Microsatellites; Particulate matter; Population genetics