title: Inhalation anesthesia induced by isoflurane alters penicillin disposition in swine tissues.
abstract: Twelve healthy swine were dosed with penicillin G intramuscularly. Fluids and tissues samples were collected at the end of two periods of general anesthesia, performed 24 h apart. Tissue samples were collected by minimally invasive laparoscopy under general anesthesia at 8 and 28 h postdose. Four nonanesthetized, penicillin-treated pigs were euthanized at 8 h postdose, and a second set of four similarly treated control pigs were sacrificed 28 h postdose. Liver penicillin tissue concentrations from animals that underwent anesthesia and laparoscopic tissue collection had tissue concentrations that were higher than nonanesthetized pigs at both time points. Urine, plasma, kidney, skeletal, and cardiac muscle showed no differences between the two groups. Laparoscopic tissue collection under general anesthesia in swine induces physiological changes that cause alterations in tissue pharmacokinetics not seen in conscious animals.
authors.affiliation: Division of Applied Veterinary Research, Office of Research/Center for Veterinary Medicine, FDA, Laurel, MD, USA.
authors.forename: O A
authors.initials: OA
authors.lastname: Chiesa
authors.affiliation: Division of Residue Chemistry, Office of Research/Center for Veterinary Medicine, FDA, Laurel, MD, USA.
authors.forename: D N
authors.initials: DN
authors.lastname: Heller
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Cardiovascular and Interventional Therapeutics, Division of Applied Mechanics, Office of Science and Engineering Laboratories, Center for Devices and Radiological Health, FDA, Laurel, MD, USA.
authors.forename: J W
authors.initials: JW
authors.lastname: Karanian
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Cardiovascular and Interventional Therapeutics, Division of Applied Mechanics, Office of Science and Engineering Laboratories, Center for Devices and Radiological Health, FDA, Laurel, MD, USA.
authors.forename: W F
authors.initials: WF
authors.lastname: Pritchard
authors.affiliation: Division of Residue Chemistry, Office of Research/Center for Veterinary Medicine, FDA, Laurel, MD, USA.
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Smith
authors.affiliation: Division of Residue Chemistry, Office of Research/Center for Veterinary Medicine, FDA, Laurel, MD, USA.
authors.forename: P J
authors.initials: PJ
authors.lastname: Kijak
authors.affiliation: Division of Applied Veterinary Research, Office of Research/Center for Veterinary Medicine, FDA, Laurel, MD, USA.
authors.forename: J L
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: Ward
authors.affiliation: Division of Residue Chemistry, Office of Research/Center for Veterinary Medicine, FDA, Laurel, MD, USA.
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: von Bredow
authors.affiliation: Division of Applied Veterinary Research, Office of Research/Center for Veterinary Medicine, FDA, Laurel, MD, USA.
authors.forename: M J
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Myers
mesh_terms: D000768:Anesthesia, General; D000769:Anesthesia, Inhalation / Q000662:veterinary; D018685:Anesthetics, Inhalation; D000818:Animals; D004347:Drug Interactions; D007530:Isoflurane / Q000494:pharmacology*; D008099:Liver; D010406:Penicillins / Q000378:metabolism*; D013552:Swine / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D018685:Anesthetics, Inhalation; D010406:Penicillins; D007530:Isoflurane