title: A multichannel smartphone optical biosensor for high-throughput point-of-care diagnostics.
abstract: Current reported smartphone spectrometers are only used to monitor or measure one sample at a time. For the first time, we demonstrate a multichannel smartphone spectrometer (MSS) as an optical biosensor that can simultaneously optical sense multiple samples. In this work, we developed a novel method to achieve the multichannel optical spectral sensing with nanometer resolution on a smartphone. A 3D printed cradle held the smartphone integrated with optical components. This optical sensor performed accurate and reliable spectral measurements by optical intensity changes at specific wavelength or optical spectral shifts. A custom smartphone multi-view App was developed to control the optical sensing parameters and to align each sample to the corresponding channel. The captured images were converted to the transmission spectra in the visible wavelength range from 400nm to 700nm with the high resolution of 0.2521nm per pixel. We validated the performance of this MSS via measuring the concentrations of protein and immunoassaying a type of human cancer biomarker. Compared to the standard laboratory instrument, the results sufficiently showed that this MSS can achieve the comparative analysis detection limits, accuracy and sensitivity. We envision that this multichannel smartphone optical biosensor will be useful in high-throughput point-of-care diagnostics with its minimizing size, light weight, low cost and data transmission function.
authors.affiliation: School of Mechanical and Materials Engineering, Washington State University, Pullman, WA, 99164 USA.
authors.forename: Li-Ju
authors.initials: LJ
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: School of Mechanical and Materials Engineering, Washington State University, Pullman, WA, 99164 USA.
authors.forename: Yu-Chung
authors.initials: YC
authors.lastname: Chang
authors.affiliation: School of Mechanical and Materials Engineering, Washington State University, Pullman, WA, 99164 USA.
authors.forename: Rongrong
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Sun
authors.affiliation: School of Mechanical and Materials Engineering, Washington State University, Pullman, WA, 99164 USA. Electronic address: lei.li2@wsu.edu.
authors.forename: Lei
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Li
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D015374:Biosensing Techniques / Q000191:economics / Q000295:instrumentation*; D002417:Cattle; D004867:Equipment Design; D057166:High-Throughput Screening Assays / Q000191:economics / Q000295:instrumentation*; D006801:Humans; D007118:Immunoassay / Q000191:economics / Q000295:instrumentation; D015850:Interleukin-6 / Q000097:blood*; D057230:Limit of Detection; D019095:Point-of-Care Systems; D012710:Serum Albumin, Bovine / Q000032:analysis*; D000068997:Smartphone / Q000191:economics / Q000295:instrumentation*; D013053:Spectrophotometry / Q000191:economics / Q000295:instrumentation
chemical_list: D015850:Interleukin-6; D012710:Serum Albumin, Bovine
keywords: High-throughput diagnostics; Immunoassay; Optical biosensor; Point-of-care; Protein detection; Smartphone spectrometer