title: Field Evaluation of Two Different Treatment Approaches and Their Ability to Control Fleas and Prevent Canine Leishmaniosis in a Highly Endemic Area.
abstract: This study investigated the efficacy of two collars for the treatment and prevention of flea infestations. Additionally the effect of these collars on the incidence of Leishmania infantum infection as compared with a group of vaccinated dogs was evaluated. A total of 224 young dogs from private animal shelters were enrolled in April/May into four groups: G1, 55 dogs treated with 10% imidacloprid + 4.5% flumethrin collar (Seresto, Bayer Animal Health); G2, 60 dogs treated with 4% deltamethrin collar (Scalibor protector band, MSD Animal Health); G3, 54 dogs vaccinated with CaniLeish (Virbac Animal Health); and G4, 55 dogs left non-treated as controls. Dogs were followed up at days 120 (September), 210 (December), and 360 (April-May). At those time points, clinical assessments, ectoparasite counts and blood, bone marrow and skin samples, to detect the presence of L. infantum, were performed. The efficacy of Seresto in protecting dogs from flea infestation was 100% (P < 0.01) on day 120 and 210, while animals treated with Scalibor showed a prevalence of the infestation ranging from 23.3% to 33.3% on day 120 and 210, respectively. At the end of the study, the incidence of L. infantum infection in collared dogs-based on animals being positive in any of the tests-was 5.5% in Seresto-treated dogs and 20% in Scalibor-treated dogs, resulting in overall efficacy of prevention of 88.3% for Seresto and 61.8% for Scalibor. No statistical difference was detected in L. infantum positive dogs for bone marrow PCR and/or cytology at day 360 between the CaniLeish (15.4%) and non-treated control dogs (10.0%). Both collars proved to be effective (P < 0.01) in preventing L. infantum infection throughout one transmission season, whereas no significant difference was recorded in the frequency of active infections between dogs vaccinated with CaniLeish and control dogs, emphasizing the importance of using repellent/insecticide actives as a priority measure for protection against canine leishmaniosis.
authors.affiliation: Dipartimento di Scienze Veterinarie, Università degli Studi di Messina, Messina, Italy.
authors.forename: Emanuele
authors.identifier: 0000-0001-5613-0144
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Brianti
authors.affiliation: Dipartimento di Scienze Veterinarie, Università degli Studi di Messina, Messina, Italy.
authors.forename: Ettore
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Napoli
authors.affiliation: Dipartimento di Scienze Veterinarie, Università degli Studi di Messina, Messina, Italy.
authors.forename: Gabriella
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Gaglio
authors.affiliation: Dipartimento di Scienze Veterinarie, Università degli Studi di Messina, Messina, Italy.
authors.forename: Luigi
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Falsone
authors.affiliation: Dipartimento di Scienze Veterinarie, Università degli Studi di Messina, Messina, Italy.
authors.forename: Salvatore
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Giannetto
authors.affiliation: Arcoblu s.r.l., Milano, Italy.
authors.forename: Fabrizio
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Solari Basano
authors.affiliation: Arcoblu s.r.l., Milano, Italy.
authors.forename: Roberto
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Nazzari
authors.affiliation: Dipartimento di Medicina Veterinaria, Università degli Studi di Bari, Bari, Italy.
authors.forename: Maria Stefania
authors.initials: MS
authors.lastname: Latrofa
authors.affiliation: Dipartimento di Medicina Veterinaria, Università degli Studi di Bari, Bari, Italy.
authors.forename: Giada
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Annoscia
authors.affiliation: Dipartimento di Medicina Veterinaria, Università degli Studi di Bari, Bari, Italy.
authors.forename: Viviana Domenica
authors.initials: VD
authors.lastname: Tarallo
authors.affiliation: Bayer Animal Health GmbH, Leverkusen, Germany.
authors.forename: Dorothee
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Stanneck
authors.affiliation: Dipartimento di Medicina Veterinaria, Università degli Studi di Bari, Bari, Italy.|Centro de Pesquisas Aggeu Magalhães, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Recife, Brazil.
authors.forename: Filipe
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Dantas-Torres
authors.affiliation: Dipartimento di Medicina Veterinaria, Università degli Studi di Bari, Bari, Italy.
authors.forename: Domenico
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Otranto
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000913:Antibodies, Protozoan / Q000097:blood; D000953:Antigens, Protozoan / Q000276:immunology; D004283:Dog Diseases / Q000469:parasitology / Q000517:prevention & control*; D004285:Dogs / Q000469:parasitology*; D005260:Female; D058267:Flea Infestations / Q000517:prevention & control*; D007093:Imidazoles / Q000008:administration & dosage; D007300:Insect Control / Q000379:methods*; D007306:Insecticides / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D018314:Leishmania infantum / Q000235:genetics; D007898:Leishmaniasis, Visceral / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000517:prevention & control* / Q000662:veterinary; D008297:Male; D000073943:Neonicotinoids; D009570:Nitriles / Q000008:administration & dosage; D009574:Nitro Compounds / Q000008:administration & dosage; D059208:Parasite Load; D011722:Pyrethrins / Q000008:administration & dosage; D005423:Siphonaptera / Q000469:parasitology; D014611:Vaccination
chemical_list: D000913:Antibodies, Protozoan; D000953:Antigens, Protozoan; D007093:Imidazoles; D007306:Insecticides; D000073943:Neonicotinoids; D009570:Nitriles; D009574:Nitro Compounds; D011722:Pyrethrins; C017180:decamethrin; C041392:flumethrin; C082359:imidacloprid