title: Cardiovascular and Thrombotic Complications of Novel Multiple Myeloma Therapies: A Review.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Multiple myeloma (MM) is the second most common hematological malignant abnormality. The introduction of immunomodulatory drugs (IMiDs) and proteasome inhibitors (PIs) has greatly improved the overall survival of patients with MM. Prevention and treatment of cardiovascular and thrombotic issues associated with novel MM therapies have emerged as important aspects of supportive care in patients with MM.
  
  
  METHODS
  We searched PubMed and the Cochrance database for studies published from March 2001 to January 2016. Emerging evidence suggests that both IMiDs and PIs can have cardiovascular (CV) sequelae, which include thromboembolic complications, cardiac, and vascular toxic effects. These complications occur against the backdrop of a high prevalence of CV disease in the MM population as well as the adverse cardiac and vascular effects of MM itself.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This review provides an overview of the incidences, clinical presentations, and mechanisms of CV complications in the MM population. We conclude that more research is needed for better screening and preventive strategies to abrogate these toxic effects and improve patient care.
authors.affiliation: Cardiovascular Division, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee2Cardio-Oncology Program,Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee3Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee.
authors.forename: Weijuan
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: Division of Hematology, University of Washington, Seattle.
authors.forename: David
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Garcia
authors.affiliation: Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee.
authors.forename: R Frank
authors.initials: RF
authors.lastname: Cornell
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology, Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee.
authors.forename: David
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Gailani
authors.affiliation: Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts.
authors.forename: Jacob
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Laubach
authors.affiliation: Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts.
authors.forename: Michelle E
authors.initials: ME
authors.lastname: Maglio
authors.affiliation: Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts.
authors.forename: Paul G
authors.initials: PG
authors.lastname: Richardson
authors.affiliation: Cardiovascular Division, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee2Cardio-Oncology Program,Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee3Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee.
authors.forename: Javid
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Moslehi
mesh_terms: D000970:Antineoplastic Agents / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use; D002318:Cardiovascular Diseases / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000209:etiology; D006801:Humans; D007155:Immunologic Factors / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D000077269:Lenalidomide; D009101:Multiple Myeloma / Q000188:drug therapy*; D061988:Proteasome Inhibitors / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D012307:Risk Factors; D013792:Thalidomide / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000031:analogs & derivatives / Q000627:therapeutic use; D013923:Thromboembolism / Q000453:epidemiology; D013927:Thrombosis / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000209:etiology
chemical_list: D000970:Antineoplastic Agents; D007155:Immunologic Factors; D061988:Proteasome Inhibitors; D013792:Thalidomide; D000077269:Lenalidomide