title: Chemical Composition and in Vitro Antimicrobial, Cytotoxic, and Central Nervous System Activities of the Essential Oils of Citrus medica L. cv. 'Liscia' and C. medica cv. 'Rugosa' Cultivated in Southern Italy.
abstract: Citrus medica cv. 'liscia' and C. medica cv. 'rugosa' are two taxa of citron, belonging to the biodiversity of South Italy, in particular of Amalfi Coast, in the Campania region. The chemical composition of the essential oils (EOs) from fruit peels of both C. medica cultivars was studied by gas chromatography (GC) and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) analyses. In all, 100 compounds were identified, 82 for C. medica cv. 'liscia', accounting for 91.4% of the total oil, and 88 for C. medica cv. 'rugosa', accounting for 92.0% of the total oil. Monoterpene hydrocarbons are the main constituents in both oils of C. medica cv. 'liscia' (79.1%) and C. medica cv. 'rugosa' (80.2%). In both oils, limonene (67.2%-62.8%) and camphene (8.5%-10.9%) are the main constituents. The antimicrobial activity of the EOs was assayed against some bacterial strains: Bacillus cereus (DSM 4313), Bacillus cereus (DSM 4384), Staphylococcus aureus (DSM 25693), Pseudomonas aeruginosa (ATCC 50071), and Escherichia coli (DSM 8579). Low concentrations of C. medica cv. 'rugosa' EO showed an inhibitory effect on P. aeruginosa and higher concentrations inhibited more B. cereus (4384) and E. coli than S. aureus. The cytotoxicity of the EO was evaluated against SH-SY5Y cell line. The influence of the EO on the expression of adenylate cyclase 1 (ADCY1) was also studied. The antimicrobial activity registered confirm their traditional uses as food preserving agents and led us to hypothesize the possible use of these oils as antimicrobials. The alterations in ADCY1 expression suggested a role for limonene in effects on the central nervous system.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacy, University of Salerno, Via Giovanni Paolo II, 132, 84084 Fisciano (Salerno), Italy. luigialiberti83@libero.it.
authors.forename: Luigi
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Aliberti
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacy, University of Salerno, Via Giovanni Paolo II, 132, 84084 Fisciano (Salerno), Italy. lcaputo@unisa.it.
authors.forename: Lucia
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Caputo
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacy, University of Salerno, Via Giovanni Paolo II, 132, 84084 Fisciano (Salerno), Italy. defeo@unisa.it.
authors.forename: Vincenzo
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: De Feo
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacy, University of Salerno, Via Giovanni Paolo II, 132, 84084 Fisciano (Salerno), Italy. ldemartino@unisa.it.
authors.forename: Laura
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: De Martino
authors.affiliation: Istituto di Scienze dell'Alimentazione, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (ISA-CNR), Via Roma 64, 83100 Avellino, Italy. mena@isa.cnr.it.
authors.forename: Filomena
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Nazzaro
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacy, University of Salerno, Via Giovanni Paolo II, 132, 84084 Fisciano (Salerno), Italy. luceia.souza@ufrgs.br.|Post-Doctoral by National Counsel of Technological and Scientific Development (CNPq/Brazil), 70000-000 Brasília, Brazil. luceia.souza@ufrgs.br.
authors.forename: Lucéia Fátima
authors.initials: LF
authors.lastname: Souza
mesh_terms: D000262:Adenylyl Cyclases / Q000096:biosynthesis; D000890:Anti-Infective Agents / Q000737:chemistry / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000494:pharmacology; D001419:Bacteria / Q000254:growth & development*; D045744:Cell Line, Tumor; D002491:Central Nervous System Agents / Q000737:chemistry / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000494:pharmacology; D002957:Citrus / Q000737:chemistry*; D003603:Cytotoxins / Q000737:chemistry / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000494:pharmacology; D005638:Fruit / Q000737:chemistry*; D006801:Humans; D007558:Italy; D009822:Oils, Volatile / Q000737:chemistry / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000494:pharmacology
chemical_list: D000890:Anti-Infective Agents; D002491:Central Nervous System Agents; D003603:Cytotoxins; D009822:Oils, Volatile; D000262:Adenylyl Cyclases; C106670:adenylyl cyclase 1
keywords: Citrus medica; SH-SY5Y cells; adenylate cyclase; antimicrobial activity; essential oil