title: Association of anticholinergic burden with adverse effects in older people with intellectual disabilities: an observational cross-sectional study.
abstract: No studies to date have investigated cumulative anticholinergic exposure and its effects in adults with intellectual disabilities.
  
  
  
  To determine the cumulative exposure to anticholinergics and the factors associated with high exposure.
  
  
  
  A modified Anticholinergic Cognitive Burden (ACB) scale score was calculated for a representative cohort of 736 people over 40 years old with intellectual disabilities, and associations with demographic and clinical factors assessed.
  
  
  
  Age over 65 years was associated with higher exposure (ACB 1-4 odds ratio (OR) = 3.28, 95% CI 1.49-7.28, ACB 5+ OR = 3.08, 95% CI 1.20-7.63), as was a mental health condition (ACB 1-4 OR = 9.79, 95% CI 5.63-17.02, ACB 5+ OR = 23.74, 95% CI 12.29-45.83). Daytime drowsiness was associated with higher ACB (P<0.001) and chronic constipation reported more frequently (26.6% ACB 5+ v. 7.5% ACB 0, P<0.001).
  
  
  
  Older people with intellectual disabilities and with mental health conditions were exposed to high anticholinergic burden. This was associated with daytime dozing and constipation.
authors.affiliation: Máire O'Dwyer, PhD, School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences and IDS-TILDA School of Nursing and Midwifery, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland; Ian D. Maidment, PhD, School of Life and Health Sciences, Aston University, Birmingham, UK; Kathleen Bennett, PhD, Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Trinity Centre for Health Sciences, St James Hospital, Dublin, Ireland; Jure Peklar, MPharm, School of Pharmacy, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia; Niamh Mulryan, MB MRCPsych, IDS-TILDA School of Nursing and Midwifery, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland; Philip McCallion, PhD, Centre for Aging and Excellence in Community Wellness, University At Albany, New York, USA; Mary McCarron, PhD, Trinity College Dublin, Ireland; Martin C. Henman, PhD, School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Trinity College Dublin, Ireland modwyer6@tcd.ie.
authors.forename: Máire
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: O'Dwyer
authors.affiliation: Máire O'Dwyer, PhD, School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences and IDS-TILDA School of Nursing and Midwifery, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland; Ian D. Maidment, PhD, School of Life and Health Sciences, Aston University, Birmingham, UK; Kathleen Bennett, PhD, Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Trinity Centre for Health Sciences, St James Hospital, Dublin, Ireland; Jure Peklar, MPharm, School of Pharmacy, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia; Niamh Mulryan, MB MRCPsych, IDS-TILDA School of Nursing and Midwifery, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland; Philip McCallion, PhD, Centre for Aging and Excellence in Community Wellness, University At Albany, New York, USA; Mary McCarron, PhD, Trinity College Dublin, Ireland; Martin C. Henman, PhD, School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Trinity College Dublin, Ireland.
authors.forename: Ian D
authors.initials: ID
authors.lastname: Maidment
authors.affiliation: Máire O'Dwyer, PhD, School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences and IDS-TILDA School of Nursing and Midwifery, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland; Ian D. Maidment, PhD, School of Life and Health Sciences, Aston University, Birmingham, UK; Kathleen Bennett, PhD, Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Trinity Centre for Health Sciences, St James Hospital, Dublin, Ireland; Jure Peklar, MPharm, School of Pharmacy, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia; Niamh Mulryan, MB MRCPsych, IDS-TILDA School of Nursing and Midwifery, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland; Philip McCallion, PhD, Centre for Aging and Excellence in Community Wellness, University At Albany, New York, USA; Mary McCarron, PhD, Trinity College Dublin, Ireland; Martin C. Henman, PhD, School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Trinity College Dublin, Ireland.
authors.forename: Kathleen
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Bennett
authors.affiliation: Máire O'Dwyer, PhD, School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences and IDS-TILDA School of Nursing and Midwifery, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland; Ian D. Maidment, PhD, School of Life and Health Sciences, Aston University, Birmingham, UK; Kathleen Bennett, PhD, Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Trinity Centre for Health Sciences, St James Hospital, Dublin, Ireland; Jure Peklar, MPharm, School of Pharmacy, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia; Niamh Mulryan, MB MRCPsych, IDS-TILDA School of Nursing and Midwifery, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland; Philip McCallion, PhD, Centre for Aging and Excellence in Community Wellness, University At Albany, New York, USA; Mary McCarron, PhD, Trinity College Dublin, Ireland; Martin C. Henman, PhD, School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Trinity College Dublin, Ireland.
authors.forename: Jure
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Peklar
authors.affiliation: Máire O'Dwyer, PhD, School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences and IDS-TILDA School of Nursing and Midwifery, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland; Ian D. Maidment, PhD, School of Life and Health Sciences, Aston University, Birmingham, UK; Kathleen Bennett, PhD, Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Trinity Centre for Health Sciences, St James Hospital, Dublin, Ireland; Jure Peklar, MPharm, School of Pharmacy, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia; Niamh Mulryan, MB MRCPsych, IDS-TILDA School of Nursing and Midwifery, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland; Philip McCallion, PhD, Centre for Aging and Excellence in Community Wellness, University At Albany, New York, USA; Mary McCarron, PhD, Trinity College Dublin, Ireland; Martin C. Henman, PhD, School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Trinity College Dublin, Ireland.
authors.forename: Niamh
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Mulryan
authors.affiliation: Máire O'Dwyer, PhD, School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences and IDS-TILDA School of Nursing and Midwifery, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland; Ian D. Maidment, PhD, School of Life and Health Sciences, Aston University, Birmingham, UK; Kathleen Bennett, PhD, Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Trinity Centre for Health Sciences, St James Hospital, Dublin, Ireland; Jure Peklar, MPharm, School of Pharmacy, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia; Niamh Mulryan, MB MRCPsych, IDS-TILDA School of Nursing and Midwifery, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland; Philip McCallion, PhD, Centre for Aging and Excellence in Community Wellness, University At Albany, New York, USA; Mary McCarron, PhD, Trinity College Dublin, Ireland; Martin C. Henman, PhD, School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Trinity College Dublin, Ireland.
authors.forename: Philip
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: McCallion
authors.affiliation: Máire O'Dwyer, PhD, School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences and IDS-TILDA School of Nursing and Midwifery, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland; Ian D. Maidment, PhD, School of Life and Health Sciences, Aston University, Birmingham, UK; Kathleen Bennett, PhD, Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Trinity Centre for Health Sciences, St James Hospital, Dublin, Ireland; Jure Peklar, MPharm, School of Pharmacy, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia; Niamh Mulryan, MB MRCPsych, IDS-TILDA School of Nursing and Midwifery, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland; Philip McCallion, PhD, Centre for Aging and Excellence in Community Wellness, University At Albany, New York, USA; Mary McCarron, PhD, Trinity College Dublin, Ireland; Martin C. Henman, PhD, School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Trinity College Dublin, Ireland.
authors.forename: Mary
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: McCarron
authors.affiliation: Máire O'Dwyer, PhD, School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences and IDS-TILDA School of Nursing and Midwifery, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland; Ian D. Maidment, PhD, School of Life and Health Sciences, Aston University, Birmingham, UK; Kathleen Bennett, PhD, Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Trinity Centre for Health Sciences, St James Hospital, Dublin, Ireland; Jure Peklar, MPharm, School of Pharmacy, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia; Niamh Mulryan, MB MRCPsych, IDS-TILDA School of Nursing and Midwifery, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland; Philip McCallion, PhD, Centre for Aging and Excellence in Community Wellness, University At Albany, New York, USA; Mary McCarron, PhD, Trinity College Dublin, Ireland; Martin C. Henman, PhD, School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Trinity College Dublin, Ireland.
authors.forename: Martin C
authors.initials: MC
authors.lastname: Henman
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D018680:Cholinergic Antagonists / Q000009:adverse effects*; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D064420:Drug-Related Side Effects and Adverse Reactions / Q000453:epidemiology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008607:Intellectual Disability / Q000453:epidemiology*; D007494:Ireland / Q000453:epidemiology; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged
chemical_list: D018680:Cholinergic Antagonists