title: Neither internal nor external nasal dilation improves cycling 20-km time trial performance.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Research is equivocal regarding endurance performance benefits of external nasal dilators, and currently research focusing on internal nasal dilators is non-existent. Both devices are used within competitive cycling. This study examined the influence of external and internal nasal dilation on cycling economy of motion and 20-km time trial performance.
  
  
  METHODS
  The study utilized a randomized, counterbalanced cross-over design.
  
  
  METHODS
  Fifteen trained cyclists completed three exercise sessions consisting of a 15min standardized warm up and 20-km cycling time trial while wearing either a Breathe Right®external nasal dilator, Turbine®internal nasal dilator or no device (control). During the warm up, heart rate, ratings of perceived exertion and dyspnea and expired gases were collected. During the time trial, heart rate, perceived exertion, and dyspnea were collected at 4-km intervals and mean 20-km power output was recorded.
  
  
  RESULTS
  No differences were observed for mean 20-km power output between the internal (270±45W) or external dilator (271±44W) and control (272±44W). No differences in the economy of motion were observed throughout the 15-min warm up between conditions.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The Turbine®and Breathe Right®nasal dilators are ineffective at enhancing 20-km cycling time trial performance.
authors.affiliation: School of Psychology and Exercise Science, Murdoch University, Australia.
authors.forename: Catriona M
authors.initials: CM
authors.lastname: Adams
authors.affiliation: School of Psychology and Exercise Science, Murdoch University, Australia. Electronic address: j.peiffer@murdoch.edu.au.
authors.forename: Jeremiah J
authors.initials: JJ
authors.lastname: Peiffer
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000704:Analysis of Variance; D001642:Bicycling / Q000502:physiology*; D018592:Cross-Over Studies; D004106:Dilatation / Q000379:methods*; D004417:Dyspnea; D005080:Exercise Test; D006339:Heart Rate / Q000502:physiology; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D018763:Muscle Fatigue / Q000502:physiology; D009666:Nose; D010101:Oxygen Consumption / Q000502:physiology*; D010807:Physical Endurance / Q000502:physiology*; D005082:Physical Exertion / Q000502:physiology
keywords: Aerobic; Dyspnea; Exercise performance; Exercise physiology; Sport