title: Cooperation in mind: Motor imagery of joint and single actions is represented in different brain areas.
abstract: In this study brain activity during motor imagery (MI) of joint actions, compared to single actions and rest conditions, was investigated using functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI). To the best of our knowledge, this is the first neuroimaging study which directly investigated the neural correlates of joint action motor imagery. Twenty-one healthy participants imagined three different motor tasks (dancing, carrying a box, wiping). Each imagery task was performed at two kinds: alone (single action MI) or with a partner (joint action MI). We hypothesized that to imagine a cooperative task would lead to a stronger cortical activation in motor related areas due to a higher vividness and intensification of the imagery. This would be elicited by the integration of the action simulation of the virtual partner to one's own action. Comparing the joint action and the single action condition with the rest condition, we found significant activation in the precentral gyrus and precuneus respectively. Furthermore the joint action MI showed higher activation patterns in the premotor cortex (inferior and middle frontal gyrus) compared to the single action MI. The imagery of a more vivid and engaging task, like our joint action imagery, could improve rehabilitation processes since a more distributed brain activity is found. Furthermore, the joint action imagery compared to single action imagery might be an appropriate BCI task due to its clear spatial distinction of activation.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Neural Engineering, Graz University of Technology, Stremayrgasse 16/4, 8010 Graz, Austria; BioTechMed-Graz, Graz, Austria. Electronic address: s.wriessnegger@tugraz.at.
authors.forename: S C
authors.initials: SC
authors.lastname: Wriessnegger
authors.affiliation: Institute of Neural Engineering, Graz University of Technology, Stremayrgasse 16/4, 8010 Graz, Austria; BioTechMed-Graz, Graz, Austria.
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Steyrl
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychology, MRI Lab Graz, University of Graz, Kopernikusgasse 24, 8010 Graz, Austria; BioTechMed-Graz, Graz, Austria.
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Koschutnig
authors.affiliation: Institute of Neural Engineering, Graz University of Technology, Stremayrgasse 16/4, 8010 Graz, Austria; BioTechMed-Graz, Graz, Austria.
authors.forename: G R
authors.initials: GR
authors.lastname: Müller-Putz
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001931:Brain Mapping / Q000379:methods*; D003299:Cooperative Behavior; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007092:Imagination / Q000502:physiology*; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging; D008297:Male; D009043:Motor Activity / Q000502:physiology*; D009044:Motor Cortex / Q000502:physiology*; D010296:Parietal Lobe / Q000502:physiology*; D055815:Young Adult
keywords: Brain-computer interfacing (BCI); Functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI); Joint action; Motor imagery; Motor rehabilitation