title: The biology of extracellular vesicles with focus on platelet microparticles and their role in cancer development and progression.
abstract: Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are a heterogeneous group of structures which can be classified into smaller in size and relatively homogenous exosomes (EXSMs)-spherical fragments of lipid bilayers from inner cell compartments-and bigger in size ectosomes (ECSMs)-a direct consequence of cell-membrane blebbing. EVs can be found in body fluids of healthy individuals. Their number increases in cancer and other pathological conditions. EVs can originate from various cell types, including leukocytes, erythrocytes, thrombocytes, and neoplastic cells. Platelet microparticles (PMPs) are the most abundant population of EVs in blood. It is well documented that PMPs, being a crucial element of EVs signaling, are involved in tumor growth, metastasis, and angiogenesis and may participate in the development of multidrug resistance by tumor cells. The aim of this review is to present the role of PMPs in carcinogenesis. The biology and functions of PMPs with a particular emphasis on the most recent scientific reports on EV properties are also characterized.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathology and Veterinary Diagnostics, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Warsaw University of Life Sciences (WULS-SGGW), Nowoursynowska 159c, Warsaw, Poland.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Żmigrodzka
authors.affiliation: Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Cambridge, Madingley Road, Cambridge, UK.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Guzera
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathology and Veterinary Diagnostics, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Warsaw University of Life Sciences (WULS-SGGW), Nowoursynowska 159c, Warsaw, Poland. alicja_miskiewicz@sggw.pl.
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Miśkiewicz
authors.affiliation: Veterinary Clinic BIALOBRZESKA, Częstochowska 20, Warsaw, Poland.
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Jagielski
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathology and Veterinary Diagnostics, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Warsaw University of Life Sciences (WULS-SGGW), Nowoursynowska 159c, Warsaw, Poland.
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Winnicka
mesh_terms: D001792:Blood Platelets / Q000473:pathology*; D063646:Carcinogenesis / Q000473:pathology*; D002462:Cell Membrane / Q000473:pathology*; D055252:Cell-Derived Microparticles / Q000473:pathology*; D018450:Disease Progression; D055354:Exosomes / Q000473:pathology*; D006801:Humans; D009369:Neoplasms / Q000098:blood supply / Q000473:pathology*; D015398:Signal Transduction
keywords: Cancer; Exosomes; Extracellular vesicles; Microvesicles; Platelet microparticles