title: Shape-Memory Terpolymer Rods with 17-β-estradiol for the Treatment of Neurodegenerative Diseases: an In Vitro and In Vivo Study.
abstract: Estradiol (E2)-loaded poly(L-lactide-co-glycolide-trimethylenecarbonate) (P(L-LA:GA:TMC)) rods with shape-memory were developed for the treatment of neurodegenerative diseases. Usefulness of the extrusion method in the obtaining process was also considered. The influence of structural and surface properties during hydrolytic degradation was developed. The possible therapeutic aspect of rods with E2 was determined.
  
  
  
  The extruded rods were incubated in a PBS solution (pH 7.4, 37°C, 240 rpm). The amount of released E2 in vitro conditions was estimated by UV-VIS method. The following methods in the degradation of rods were applied: NMR, DSC, FTIR, GPC, SEM, and optical microscopy. Changes in water uptake and weight loss were also determined. In vivo study was performed on rats. Measurements of E2 level were performed before and after ovariectomy of rats using ELISA method. A sample of tissue adjacent to the site of the rod implantation was analysed under an optical microscope.
  
  
  
  A stable and steady degradation process ensured zero-order release of E2. The in vivo study indicated a significant increase in the E2 level in serum after ovariectomy. Moreover, structural and surface features indicated that the extrusion method was appropriate for obtaining E2-loaded rods.
  
  
  
  Shape-memory P(L-LA:GA:TMC) rods with E2 are an adequate proposal for further research in the field of neurological disorders.
authors.affiliation: Centre of Polymer and Carbon Materials, Polish Academy of Sciences, M. Curie-Sklodowskiej 34, Zabrze, Poland. a.turek75@gmail.com.|School of Pharmacy with the Division of Laboratory Medicine in Sosnowiec, Medical University of Silesia, Katowice, Chair and Department of Biopharmacy, Jednosci 8, Sosnowiec, Poland. a.turek75@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Artur
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Turek
authors.affiliation: School of Medicine in Katowice, Medical University of Silesia, Katowice, Department of Physiology, Medykow 18, Katowice, Poland.
authors.forename: Edyta
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Olakowska
authors.affiliation: Centre of Polymer and Carbon Materials, Polish Academy of Sciences, M. Curie-Sklodowskiej 34, Zabrze, Poland.|School of Pharmacy with the Division of Laboratory Medicine in Sosnowiec, Medical University of Silesia, Katowice, Chair and Department of Biopharmacy, Jednosci 8, Sosnowiec, Poland.
authors.forename: Aleksandra
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Borecka
authors.affiliation: Centre of Polymer and Carbon Materials, Polish Academy of Sciences, M. Curie-Sklodowskiej 34, Zabrze, Poland.
authors.forename: Henryk
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Janeczek
authors.affiliation: Centre of Polymer and Carbon Materials, Polish Academy of Sciences, M. Curie-Sklodowskiej 34, Zabrze, Poland.
authors.forename: Michał
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Sobota
authors.affiliation: Centre of Polymer and Carbon Materials, Polish Academy of Sciences, M. Curie-Sklodowskiej 34, Zabrze, Poland.
authors.forename: Joanna
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Jaworska
authors.affiliation: Centre of Polymer and Carbon Materials, Polish Academy of Sciences, M. Curie-Sklodowskiej 34, Zabrze, Poland.
authors.forename: Bożena
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Kaczmarczyk
authors.affiliation: Centre of Polymer and Carbon Materials, Polish Academy of Sciences, M. Curie-Sklodowskiej 34, Zabrze, Poland.
authors.forename: Bożena
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Jarząbek
authors.affiliation: School of Pharmacy with the Division of Laboratory Medicine in Sosnowiec, Medical University of Silesia, Katowice, Chair and Department of Biopharmacy, Jednosci 8, Sosnowiec, Poland.
authors.forename: Arkadiusz
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Gruchlik
authors.affiliation: Centre of Polymer and Carbon Materials, Polish Academy of Sciences, M. Curie-Sklodowskiej 34, Zabrze, Poland.
authors.forename: Marcin
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Libera
authors.affiliation: School of Medicine in Katowice, Medical University of Silesia, Katowice, Department of Physiology, Medykow 18, Katowice, Poland.
authors.forename: Arkadiusz
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Liśkiewicz
authors.affiliation: School of Medicine in Katowice, Medical University of Silesia, Katowice, Department of Physiology, Medykow 18, Katowice, Poland.
authors.forename: Halina
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Jędrzejowska-Szypułka
authors.affiliation: Centre of Polymer and Carbon Materials, Polish Academy of Sciences, M. Curie-Sklodowskiej 34, Zabrze, Poland.|School of Pharmacy with the Division of Laboratory Medicine in Sosnowiec, Medical University of Silesia, Katowice, Chair and Department of Biopharmacy, Jednosci 8, Sosnowiec, Poland.
authors.forename: Janusz
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Kasperczyk
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D016503:Drug Delivery Systems; D065546:Drug Liberation; D004958:Estradiol / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000737:chemistry / Q000493:pharmacokinetics; D005260:Female; D006868:Hydrolysis; D043942:Nanotubes / Q000737:chemistry*; D019636:Neurodegenerative Diseases / Q000188:drug therapy*; D011091:Polyesters / Q000737:chemistry*; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D013499:Surface Properties; D014018:Tissue Distribution
chemical_list: D011091:Polyesters; C000626546:poly(L-lactide-co-glycolide-trimethylenecarbonate); D004958:Estradiol
keywords: 17-β-estradiol; degradation; poly(L-lactide-co-glycolide-trimethylenecarbonate); rods; zero-order release