title: Medicinal Plants Used in Iranian Traditional Medicine (ITM) as Contraceptive Agents.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  In recent years, rapid population growth and unsafe abortions have emerged as controversial health issues in some countries. Hence, safe and effective contraceptive methods or agents have attracted a great deal of attention and the corresponding market has been widely expanded.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  In this study, we present a review profiting from Iranian Traditional Medicine (ITM) to introduce expedient plants as efficient contraceptive agents.
  
  
  METHODS
  Medicinal plants suggested as contraceptive agents were obtained from ITM text books and they were also investigated using search engines to confirm their in vitro and in vivo efficacy.
  
  
  RESULTS
  According to credible Iranian medical literature a wide spectrum of plants possesses contraceptive activity and among them, Ruta graveolens, Ricinus communis, Piper nigrum, and Physalis alkekengi were found to be more efficient.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Complementary and Alternative Medicine (CAM), particularly herbal remedies have received a lot of attention because of their truly healing properties. Focusing on ITM knowledge, there are various comments based on medicinal plants to reduce unsafe abortions leading to better public health in the society.
authors.forename: Reyhaneh
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Sabourian
authors.forename: Elahe
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Karimpour-Razkenari
authors.forename: Mina
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Saeedi
authors.forename: Maryam S
authors.initials: MS
authors.lastname: Bagheri
authors.forename: Mahnaz
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Khanavi
authors.forename: Narges
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Sadati
authors.forename: Tahmineh
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Akbarzadeh
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical, Sciences, P.O. Box: 14176, Tehran, Iran.
authors.forename: Mohammad R S
authors.initials: MR
authors.lastname: Ardekani
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D003270:Contraceptive Agents / Q000737:chemistry / Q000302:isolation & purification* / Q000494:pharmacology; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007492:Iran / Q000453:epidemiology; D008519:Medicine, Traditional / Q000379:methods*; D010946:Plants, Medicinal; D011247:Pregnancy
chemical_list: D003270:Contraceptive Agents