title: (Non-)utilization of pre-hospital emergency care by migrants and non-migrants in Germany.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  This study was designed to explore the utilization and non-utilization of pre-hospital emergency care by migrants and non-migrants, and the factors that influence this behaviour.
  
  
  METHODS
  A cross-sectional representative German survey was conducted in a sample of 2.175 people, 295 of whom had a migration background. An additional sample of 50 people with Turkish migration background was conducted, partially in the Turkish language. Apart from socio-demographics, the utilization of emergency services and the reasons for non-utilization were assessed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Migrants had a higher utilization rate of pre-hospital emergency care (RR = 1.492) than non-migrants. Furthermore, migrants who were not born in Germany had a lower utilization rate (RR = 0.793) than migrants who were born in Germany. Regarding non-utilization, the most frequently stated reasons belonged to the categories initial misjudgment of the emergency situation and acting on one's own behalf, with the latter stated more frequently by migrants than by non-migrants.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  To prevent over-, under-, and lack of supply, it is necessary to transfer knowledge about the functioning of the medical emergency services, including first aid knowledge.
authors.affiliation: Department Health and Prevention, Institute of Psychology, Ernst-Moritz-Arndt-University Greifswald, Robert-Blum-Str. 13, 17487, Greifswald, Germany. diana.kietzmann@uni-greifswald.de.
authors.forename: Diana
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Kietzmann
authors.affiliation: Department Health and Prevention, Institute of Psychology, Ernst-Moritz-Arndt-University Greifswald, Robert-Blum-Str. 13, 17487, Greifswald, Germany.
authors.forename: Daniela
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Knuth
authors.affiliation: Department Health and Prevention, Institute of Psychology, Ernst-Moritz-Arndt-University Greifswald, Robert-Blum-Str. 13, 17487, Greifswald, Germany.
authors.forename: Silke
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Schmidt
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D003710:Demography / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D004632:Emergency Medical Services / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D004636:Emergency Service, Hospital / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D005260:Female; D005858:Germany; D006801:Humans; D007407:Interviews as Topic; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D014171:Transients and Migrants / Q000523:psychology*
keywords: Migration background; Non-utilization; Pre-hospital emergency care; Utilization