title: Seated T'ai Chi in Older Taiwanese People Using Wheelchairs: A Randomized Controlled Trial Investigating Mood States and Self-Efficacy.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  There is growing interest in t'ai chi, but little research has addressed whether t'ai chi is effective in older people using wheelchairs for mobilization. The aim of this study was to compare the effects of seated t'ai chi exercise and usual standard activities on mood states and self-efficacy in older people living in a long-term care facility and using wheelchairs for mobilization.
  
  
  METHODS
  Randomized controlled trial (trial registration no. ACTRN12613000029796).
  
  
  METHODS
  One long-term-care facility in Taiwan.
  
  
  METHODS
  Sixty participants were randomly assigned by a computer-generated random sequence to a t'ai chi group (n = 30) or a usual exercise and entertainment activities group (n = 30).
  
  
  METHODS
  Seated t'ai chi exercise for 40 minutes three times a week for 26 weeks was provided.
  
  
  METHODS
  Mood states (Profile of Mood States Short Form [POMS-SF]) and self-efficacy (Self-Efficacy for Exercise [SEE]).
  
  
  RESULTS
  At week 26, participants in the t'ai chi group reported significantly lower mood states on the fatigue-inertia dimension of the POMS-SF (mean score ± standard deviation, 3.56 ± 3.71) than did the control group (mean score, 7.16 ± 6.36) (F [1, 58] = 7.15; p < 0.05). The t'ai chi group recorded significantly higher SEE levels (mean, 35.66 ± 36.83) than did those in the control group (mean, 15.30 ± 26.43) (F [1, 58] = 6.05; p < 0.05).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The findings highlight the importance of t'ai chi for a reduction in the fatigue-inertia mood state and an increase in self-efficacy for older people using wheelchairs.
authors.affiliation: 1 Menzies Health Institute Queensland, Griffith University , Brisbane, Australia .|2 Department of Nursing, Dayeh University , Changhua, Taiwan .
authors.forename: Chen-Yuan
authors.initials: CY
authors.lastname: Hsu
authors.affiliation: 1 Menzies Health Institute Queensland, Griffith University , Brisbane, Australia .|3 School of Nursing and Midwifery, Griffith University , Brisbane, Australia .
authors.forename: Wendy
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Moyle
authors.affiliation: 1 Menzies Health Institute Queensland, Griffith University , Brisbane, Australia .|3 School of Nursing and Midwifery, Griffith University , Brisbane, Australia .
authors.forename: Marie
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Cooke
authors.affiliation: 1 Menzies Health Institute Queensland, Griffith University , Brisbane, Australia .
authors.forename: Cindy
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Jones
mesh_terms: D000339:Affect; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D015444:Exercise; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008134:Long-Term Care; D008297:Male; D016017:Odds Ratio; D011788:Quality of Life / Q000523:psychology*; D020377:Self Efficacy; D026302:Tai Ji / Q000379:methods / Q000523:psychology / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D013624:Taiwan; D014910:Wheelchairs
keywords: exercise; long-term care; mood; older adults; t'ai chi