title: Predictive Control over Charge Density in the Two-Dimensional Electron Gas at the Polar-Nonpolar NdTiO_{3}/SrTiO_{3} Interface.
abstract: Through systematic control of the Nd concentration, we show that the carrier density of the two-dimensional electron gas (2DEG) in SrTiO_{3}/NdTiO_{3}/SrTiO_{3}(001) can be modulated over a wide range. We also demonstrate that the NdTiO_{3} in heterojunctions without a SrTiO_{3} cap is degraded by oxygen absorption from air, resulting in the immobilization of donor electrons that could otherwise contribute to the 2DEG. This system is, thus, an ideal model to understand and control the insulator-to-metal transition in a 2DEG based on both environmental conditions and film-growth processing parameters.
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, USA.
authors.forename: Peng
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Xu
authors.affiliation: School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, USA.
authors.forename: Yilikal
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Ayino
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, USA.
authors.forename: Christopher
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Cheng
authors.affiliation: School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, USA.
authors.forename: Vlad S
authors.initials: VS
authors.lastname: Pribiag
authors.affiliation: Physical & Computational Sciences Directorate, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington 99352, USA.
authors.forename: Ryan B
authors.initials: RB
authors.lastname: Comes
authors.affiliation: Physical & Computational Sciences Directorate, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington 99352, USA.
authors.forename: Peter V
authors.initials: PV
authors.lastname: Sushko
authors.affiliation: Physical & Computational Sciences Directorate, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington 99352, USA.
authors.forename: Scott A
authors.initials: SA
authors.lastname: Chambers
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, USA.
authors.forename: Bharat
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Jalan