title: Lipoxin A4, a 5-lipoxygenase pathway metabolite, modulates immune response during acute respiratory tularemia.
abstract: Respiratory infection with Francisella tularensis (Ft) is characterized by a muted, acute host response, followed by sepsis-like syndrome that results in death. Infection with Ft establishes a principally anti-inflammatory environment that subverts host-cell death programs to facilitate pathogen replication. Although the role of cytokines has been explored extensively, the role of eicosanoids in tularemia pathogenesis is not fully understood. Given that lipoxin A4(LXA4) has anti-inflammatory properties, we investigated whether this lipid mediator affects host responses manifested early during infection. The addition of exogenous LXA4inhibits PGE2release by Ft-infected murine monocytes in vitro and diminishes apoptotic cell death. Tularemia pathogenesis was characterized in 5‑lipoxygenase-deficient (Alox5-/-) mice that are incapable of generating LXA4Increased release of proinflammatory cytokines and chemokines, as well as increased apoptosis, was observed in Alox5-/-mice as compared with their wild-type counterparts. Alox5-/-mice also exhibited elevated recruitment of neutrophils during the early phase of infection and increased resistance to lethal challenge. Conversely, administration of exogenous LXA4to Alox5-/-mice made them more susceptible to infection thus mimicking wild-type animals. Taken together, our results suggest that 5-LO activity is a critical regulator of immunopathology observed during the acute phase of respiratory tularemia, regulating bacterial burden and neutrophil recruitment and production of proinflammatory modulators and increasing morbidity and mortality. These studies identify a detrimental role for the 5-LO-derived lipid mediator LXA4in Ft-induced immunopathology. Targeting this pathway may have therapeutic benefit as an adjunct to treatment with antibiotics and conventional antimicrobial peptides, which often have limited efficacy against intracellular bacteria.
authors.affiliation: Trudeau Institute, Saranac Lake, New York, USA.
authors.forename: Anju
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Singh
authors.affiliation: Center for Immunology and Microbial Disease, Albany Medical College, Albany, New York, USA.
authors.forename: Tabassum
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Rahman
authors.affiliation: Trudeau Institute, Saranac Lake, New York, USA.
authors.forename: Rose
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Bartiss
authors.affiliation: Targeted Metabolomics and Proteomics Laboratory, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA; and.
authors.forename: Alireza
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Arabshahi
authors.affiliation: Targeted Metabolomics and Proteomics Laboratory, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA; and.
authors.forename: Jeevan
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Prasain
authors.affiliation: Targeted Metabolomics and Proteomics Laboratory, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA; and.
authors.forename: Stephen
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Barnes
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Albany College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, Albany, New York, USA.
authors.forename: Florin Marcel
authors.initials: FM
authors.lastname: Musteata
authors.affiliation: Trudeau Institute, Saranac Lake, New York, USA; tsellati@southernresearch.org.
authors.forename: Timothy J
authors.initials: TJ
authors.lastname: Sellati
mesh_terms: D000208:Acute Disease; D000818:Animals; D017209:Apoptosis / Q000187:drug effects; D001094:Arachidonate 5-Lipoxygenase / Q000172:deficiency / Q000378:metabolism*; D001854:Bone Marrow Cells / Q000187:drug effects / Q000473:pathology; D016923:Cell Death / Q000187:drug effects; D018925:Chemokines / Q000378:metabolism; D002908:Chronic Disease; D015232:Dinoprostone / Q000378:metabolism; D004198:Disease Susceptibility; D015536:Down-Regulation / Q000187:drug effects; D005604:Francisella tularensis / Q000187:drug effects; D007109:Immunity / Q000187:drug effects*; D007211:Indoles / Q000494:pharmacology; D018836:Inflammation Mediators / Q000378:metabolism; D007975:Leukotriene B4 / Q000378:metabolism; D044045:Lipoxins / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology*; D008264:Macrophages / Q000187:drug effects / Q000382:microbiology / Q000473:pathology; D055442:Metabolome; D008810:Mice, Inbred C57BL; D009928:Organ Specificity / Q000187:drug effects; D012141:Respiratory Tract Infections / Q000276:immunology* / Q000382:microbiology*; D014406:Tularemia / Q000276:immunology* / Q000382:microbiology / Q000473:pathology; D002722:Chlorobenzenes
chemical_list: D001094:Arachidonate 5-Lipoxygenase; D018925:Chemokines; D015232:Dinoprostone; D007211:Indoles; D018836:Inflammation Mediators; D007975:Leukotriene B4; D044045:Lipoxins; C040527:lipoxin A4; C060893:MK-886; D002722:Chlorobenzenes
keywords: anti-inflammatory; cytokines; inflammation; lipid mediators