title: 3,6-Dinitropyrazolo[4,3-c]pyrazole-Based Multipurpose Energetic Materials through Versatile N-Functionalization Strategies.
abstract: A family of 3,6-dinitropyrazolo[4,3-c]pyrazole-based energetic compounds was synthesized by using versatile N-functionalization strategies. Subsequently, nine ionic derivatives of the N,N'-(3,6-dinitropyrazolo[4,3-c]pyrazole-1,4-diyl)dinitramidate anion were prepared by acid-base reactions and fully characterized by infrared, multinuclear NMR spectra, and elemental analysis. The structures of four of these compounds were further confirmed by single-crystal X-ray diffraction. Based on their different physical and detonation properties, these compounds exhibit promising potential as modern energetic materials and can be variously classified as green primary explosives, high-performance secondary explosives, fuel-rich propellants, and propellant oxidizers.
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry, University of Idaho, Moscow, ID, 83844-2343, USA.
authors.forename: Ping
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Yin
authors.affiliation: School of Materials Science and Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology (Shenzhen), Shenzhen, 518055, China.|Department of Chemistry and Biotechnology, Yokohama National University, Yokohama, 240-8501, Japan.
authors.forename: Jiaheng
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, 55455, USA.
authors.forename: Lauren A
authors.initials: LA
authors.lastname: Mitchell
authors.affiliation: Naval Research Laboratory, 4555 Overlook Avenue, Washington, D.C., 20375, USA.
authors.forename: Damon A
authors.initials: DA
authors.lastname: Parrish
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry, University of Idaho, Moscow, ID, 83844-2343, USA. jshreeve@uidaho.edu.
authors.forename: Jean'ne M
authors.identifier: 0000-0001-8622-4897
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Shreeve
keywords: N-functionalization; detonation; energetic materials; fused heterocycle; nitramines