title: Cerebral Edema in Traumatic Brain Injury: Pathophysiology and Prospective Therapeutic Targets.
abstract: Traumatic brain injury is a heterogeneous disorder resulting from an external force applied to the head. The development of cerebral edema plays a central role in the evolution of injury following brain trauma and is closely associated with neurologic outcomes. Recent advances in the understanding of the molecular and cellular pathways contributing to the posttraumatic development of cerebral edema have led to the identification of multiple prospective therapeutic targets. The authors summarize the pathogenic mechanisms underlying cerebral edema and highlight the molecular pathways that may be therapeutically targeted to mitigate cerebral edema and associated sequelae following traumatic brain injury.
authors.affiliation: Brain and Spinal Injury Center, San Francisco General Hospital, 1001 Potrero Avenue, Building 1, Room 101, San Francisco, CA 94110, USA; Department of Neurological Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, 505 Parnassus Avenue, M779, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA.
authors.forename: Ethan A
authors.initials: EA
authors.lastname: Winkler
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurological Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, 505 Parnassus Avenue, M779, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA.
authors.forename: Daniel
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Minter
authors.affiliation: Brain and Spinal Injury Center, San Francisco General Hospital, 1001 Potrero Avenue, Building 1, Room 101, San Francisco, CA 94110, USA; Department of Neurological Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, 505 Parnassus Avenue, M779, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA.
authors.forename: John K
authors.initials: JK
authors.lastname: Yue
authors.affiliation: Brain and Spinal Injury Center, San Francisco General Hospital, 1001 Potrero Avenue, Building 1, Room 101, San Francisco, CA 94110, USA; Department of Neurological Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, 505 Parnassus Avenue, M779, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA. Electronic address: manleyg@neurosurg.ucsf.edu.
authors.forename: Geoffrey T
authors.initials: GT
authors.lastname: Manley
mesh_terms: D001812:Blood-Brain Barrier / Q000503:physiopathology*; D001921:Brain / Q000503:physiopathology*; D001929:Brain Edema / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000209:etiology* / Q000503:physiopathology; D000070642:Brain Injuries, Traumatic / Q000150:complications* / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000503:physiopathology; D006801:Humans
keywords: Blood-brain barrier; Cerebral edema; Pathophysiology; Therapeutic targets; Traumatic brain injury