title: Dynamic contrast-enhanced MRI of the prostate: An intraindividual assessment of the effect of temporal resolution on qualitative detection and quantitative analysis of histopathologically proven prostate cancer.
abstract: To assess the effects of temporal resolution (RT) in dynamic contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging (DCE-MRI) on qualitative tumor detection and quantitative pharmacokinetic parameters in prostate cancer.
  
  
  
  This retrospective Institutional Review Board (IRB)-approved study included 58 men (64 ± 7 years). They underwent 3T prostate MRI showing dominant peripheral zone (PZ) tumors (24 with Gleason ≥ 4 + 3), prior to prostatectomy. Continuously acquired DCE utilizing GRASP (Golden-angle RAdial Sparse Parallel) was retrospectively reconstructed at RTof 1.4 sec, 3.7 sec, 6.0 sec, 9.7 sec, and 14.9 sec. A reader placed volumes-of-interest on dominant tumors and benign PZ, generating quantitative pharmacokinetic parameters (ktrans, ve) at each RT. Two blinded readers assessed each RTfor lesion presence, location, conspicuity, and reader confidence on a 5-point scale. Data were assessed by mixed-model analysis of variance (ANOVA), generalized estimating equation (GEE), and receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis.
  
  
  
  RTdid not affect sensitivity (R1all: 69.0%-72.4%, all Padj= 1.000; R1GS≥4 + 3: 83.3-91.7%, all Padj= 1.000; R2all: 60.3-69.0%, all Padj= 1.000; R2GS≥4 + 3: 58.3%-79.2%, all Padj= 1.000). R1 reported greater conspicuity of GS ≥ 4 + 3 tumors at RTof 1.4 sec vs. 14.9 sec (4.29 ± 1.23 vs. 3.46 ± 1.44; Padj= 0.029). No other tumor conspicuity pairwise comparison reached significance (R1all: 2.98-3.43, all Padj≥ 0.205; R2all: 2.57-3.19, all Padj≥ 0.059; R1GS≥4 + 3: 3.46-4.29, all other Padj≥ 0.156; R2GS≥4 + 3: 2.92-3.71, all Padj≥ 0.439). There was no effect of RTon reader confidence (R1all: 3.17-3.34, all Padj= 1.000; R2all: 2.83-3.19, all Padj≥ 0.801; R1GS≥4 + 3: 3.79-4.21, all Padj= 1.000; R2GS≥4 + 3: 3.13-3.79, all Padj= 1.000). ktransand veof tumor and benign tissue did not differ across RT(all adjusted P values [Padj] = 1.000). RTdid not significantly affect area under the curve (AUC) of Ktransor vefor differentiating tumor from benign (all Padj= 1.000).
  
  
  
  Current PI-RADS recommendations for RTof 10 seconds may be sufficient, with further reduction to the stated PI-RADS preference of RT≤ 7 seconds offering no benefit in tumor detection or quantitative analysis.
  
  
  
  3 J. MAGN. RESON. IMAGING 2017;45:1464-1475.
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, NYU Langone Medical Center, New York, New York, USA.
authors.forename: Justin M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Ream
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, NYU Langone Medical Center, New York, New York, USA.
authors.forename: Ankur M
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Doshi
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, NYU Langone Medical Center, New York, New York, USA.
authors.forename: Diane
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Dunst
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, NYU Langone Medical Center, New York, New York, USA.
authors.forename: Nainesh
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Parikh
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathology, NYU Langone Medical Center, New York, New York, USA.
authors.forename: Max X
authors.initials: MX
authors.lastname: Kong
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, NYU Langone Medical Center, New York, New York, USA.
authors.forename: James S
authors.initials: JS
authors.lastname: Babb
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, NYU Langone Medical Center, New York, New York, USA.
authors.forename: Samir S
authors.initials: SS
authors.lastname: Taneja
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, NYU Langone Medical Center, New York, New York, USA.
authors.forename: Andrew B
authors.initials: AB
authors.lastname: Rosenkrantz
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D019540:Area Under Curve; D003287:Contrast Media / Q000493:pharmacokinetics*; D006801:Humans; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D060787:Neoplasm Grading; D011467:Prostate / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D011471:Prostatic Neoplasms / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D013997:Time Factors
chemical_list: D003287:Contrast Media
keywords: dynamic-contrast enhanced MRI; prostate; tumor detection