title: An in vivo study of hypoxia-inducible factor-1α signaling in ginsenoside Rg1-mediated brain repair after hypoxia/ischemia brain injury.
abstract: Hypoxia/ischemia (HI) brain injury is a common central nervous system insult in newborns. Studies have demonstrated bioactivity of ginsenoside Rg1 in increasing neural viability and promoting angiogenesis. However, there are few reports on roles of Rg1 in brain repair of neonatal HI, and the mechanisms involved are unclear.
  
  
  
  a neonatal HI model was established by a modified Rice-Vannucci model (RVM) and pups received ginsenoside Rg1 or monosialotetrahexosyl ganglioside (GM1) treatment. Neurological function and pathologic damage of rats were evaluated. Cellular apoptosis was detected with Terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase dUTP nick end labeling (TUNEL) assay. Immunohistochemistry for von willebrand factor (vwf) was used to label micro vessels. Expression levels of hypoxia-inducible factor-1α (HIF-1α), vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), and cleaved caspase 3 (CC3) were detected by western blot.
  
  
  
  Both Rg1 and GM1 reduced neurological impairment and pathologic damage after HI by enhancing neural survival. Rg1, but not GM1, could also facilitate angiogenesis after HI. These pharmacological effects of Rg1 may be attributed to regulation of expression level of VEGF and CC3 and HIF-1α signaling pathway was involved.
  
  
  
  Rg1 plays a neuroprotective role in brain repair following neonatal HI, and HIF-1α is a potential target for therapeutic intervention in neonates with HI brain injury.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatrics, Sichuan Academy of Medical Sciences & Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, Chengdu, China.|Department of Pediatrics, Clinical College of University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China.
authors.forename: Binzhi
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Tang
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacology, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China.
authors.forename: Dejian
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatrics, Sichuan Academy of Medical Sciences & Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, Chengdu, China.|Department of Pediatrics, Clinical College of University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China.
authors.forename: Maojun
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatrics, Sichuan Academy of Medical Sciences & Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, Chengdu, China.|Department of Pediatrics, Clinical College of University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China.
authors.forename: Qing
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Wu
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatrics, Sichuan Academy of Medical Sciences & Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, Chengdu, China.|Department of Pediatrics, Clinical College of University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China.
authors.forename: Qian
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatrics, Sichuan Academy of Medical Sciences & Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, Chengdu, China.|Department of Pediatrics, Clinical College of University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China.
authors.forename: Wei
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Shi
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatrics, Sichuan Academy of Medical Sciences & Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, Chengdu, China.|Department of Pediatrics, Clinical College of University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China.
authors.forename: Changhui
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Chen
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000831:Animals, Newborn; D017209:Apoptosis / Q000187:drug effects; D001930:Brain Injuries / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000473:pathology / Q000503:physiopathology; D053148:Caspase 3 / Q000378:metabolism; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D005260:Female; D005677:G(M1) Ganglioside / Q000627:therapeutic use; D036145:Ginsenosides / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D051795:Hypoxia-Inducible Factor 1, alpha Subunit / Q000378:metabolism*; D020925:Hypoxia-Ischemia, Brain / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000473:pathology / Q000503:physiopathology; D008297:Male; D018919:Neovascularization, Physiologic / Q000187:drug effects; D009474:Neurons / Q000187:drug effects / Q000473:pathology; D018696:Neuroprotective Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D015398:Signal Transduction / Q000187:drug effects; D042461:Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D036145:Ginsenosides; C497444:Hif1a protein, rat; D051795:Hypoxia-Inducible Factor 1, alpha Subunit; D018696:Neuroprotective Agents; D042461:Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A; C467498:vascular endothelial growth factor A, rat; D005677:G(M1) Ganglioside; C505410:Casp3 protein, rat; D053148:Caspase 3; C035054:ginsenoside Rg1