title: GRIM-19: A master regulator of cytokine induced tumor suppression, metastasis and energy metabolism.
abstract: Cytokines induce cell proliferation or growth suppression depending on the context. It is increasingly becoming clear that success of standard radiotherapy and/or chemotherapeutics to eradicate solid tumors is dependent on IFN signaling. In this review we discuss the molecular mechanisms of tumor growth suppression by a gene product isolated in our laboratory using a genome-wide expression knock-down strategy. Gene associated with retinoid-IFN-induced mortality -19 (GRIM-19) functions as non-canonical tumor suppressor by antagonizing oncoproteins. As a component of mitochondrial respiratory chain, GRIM-19 influences the degree of "Warburg effect" in cancer cells as many advanced and/or aggressive tumors show severely down-regulated GRIM-19 levels. In addition, GRIM-19 appears to regulate innate and acquired immune responses in mouse models. Thus, GRIM-19 is positioned at nodes that favor cell protection and/or prevent aberrant cell growth.
authors.affiliation: Department of Microbiology and Greenebaum Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA.
authors.forename: Shreeram C
authors.initials: SC
authors.lastname: Nallar
authors.affiliation: Department of Microbiology and Greenebaum Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA. Electronic address: dkalvako@som.umaryland.edu.
authors.forename: Dhan V
authors.initials: DV
authors.lastname: Kalvakolanu
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D051017:Apoptosis Regulatory Proteins / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism*; D049109:Cell Proliferation; D016207:Cytokines / Q000235:genetics / Q000502:physiology*; D015536:Down-Regulation; D004734:Energy Metabolism; D015972:Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic; D055785:Gene Knockdown Techniques; D005947:Glucose / Q000378:metabolism; D051379:Mice; D008928:Mitochondria / Q000378:metabolism; D009247:NADH, NADPH Oxidoreductases / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism*; D009369:Neoplasms / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology*; D050796:STAT3 Transcription Factor / Q000378:metabolism; D015398:Signal Transduction
chemical_list: D051017:Apoptosis Regulatory Proteins; D016207:Cytokines; D050796:STAT3 Transcription Factor; D009247:NADH, NADPH Oxidoreductases; C439057:NDUFA13 protein, human; D005947:Glucose
keywords: Anti-tumor action; Cell motility; Cytokines; Glucose metabolism