title: Is inguinal orchidopexy still a current procedure in the treatment of intraabdominal testis in the era of laparoscopic surgery?
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To report our experience in surgical management of nonpalpable intraabdominal testis (NPIT) by inguinal orchidopexy without division of the spermatic vessels.
  
  
  METHODS
  We reviewed the records of NPIT patients who underwent orchidopexy between 2012 and 2015. All patients were evaluated ultrasonographically. When the testis was not detected ultrasonographically, a laparoscopic exploration was performed. If the testis was found on laparoscopy, surgery was resumed through an inguinal incision. A follow-up was performed at 1week, 1, 3 and 6months.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Twenty-one NPIT patients were treated, mean age 21.0±11.7months. Ultrasound identified 15 cases of NPIT (71%); diagnostic laparoscopy was performed in 6 (29%). All patients underwent an inguinal orchidopexy. At 1week, four testes were in a high scrotal position. At 6months follow-up, one testis was in a high scrotal position and one retracted up to the external inguinal ring. No atrophy was recorded.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Despite several attempts to find a surgical technique without any significant complications, all described procedures failed to meet the target. In our experience, inguinal orchidopexy is a safe, reliable and successful surgical procedure for the management of NPIT. It should be preferred to a technique requiring vascular division, burdened with a higher incidence of atrophy.
  
  
  METHODS
  Treatment study.
  
  
  METHODS
  Case series with no comparison group.
authors.affiliation: Department of human pathology in adult and developmental age "Gaetano Barresi", Unit of Pediatric Surgery, University of Messina, Italy. Electronic address: salarena@unime.it.
authors.forename: Salvatore
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Arena
authors.affiliation: Department of human pathology in adult and developmental age "Gaetano Barresi", Unit of Pediatric Surgery, University of Messina, Italy.
authors.forename: Pietro
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Impellizzeri
authors.affiliation: Department of human pathology in adult and developmental age "Gaetano Barresi", Unit of Pediatric Surgery, University of Messina, Italy.
authors.forename: Patrizia
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Perrone
authors.affiliation: Department of human pathology in adult and developmental age "Gaetano Barresi", Unit of Pediatric Surgery, University of Messina, Italy.
authors.forename: Gianfranco
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Scalfari
authors.affiliation: Department of human pathology in adult and developmental age "Gaetano Barresi", Unit of Pediatric Surgery, University of Messina, Italy.
authors.forename: Antonio
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Centorrino
authors.affiliation: Department of human pathology in adult and developmental age "Gaetano Barresi", Unit of Pediatric Surgery, University of Messina, Italy.
authors.forename: Nunzio
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Turiaco
authors.affiliation: Department of human pathology in adult and developmental age "Gaetano Barresi", Unit of Pediatric Surgery, University of Messina, Italy.
authors.forename: Saveria
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Parisi
authors.affiliation: Department of human pathology in adult and developmental age "Gaetano Barresi", Unit of Pediatric Surgery, University of Messina, Italy.
authors.forename: Pietro
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Antonuccio
authors.affiliation: Department of human pathology in adult and developmental age "Gaetano Barresi", Unit of Pediatric Surgery, University of Messina, Italy.
authors.forename: Carmelo
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Romeo
mesh_terms: D002675:Child, Preschool; D003456:Cryptorchidism / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000601:surgery*; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D007264:Inguinal Canal / Q000601:surgery*; D010535:Laparoscopy; D008297:Male; D056126:Orchiopexy / Q000379:methods*; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D014463:Ultrasonography
keywords: Inguinal orchidopexy; Intraabdominal testis; Laparoscopic orchidopexy; Nonpalpable testis; Undescended testis