title: Plasma metabolic profiling analysis of cyclophosphamide-induced cardiotoxicity using metabolomics coupled with UPLC/Q-TOF-MS and ROC curve.
abstract: Cyclophosphamide (CY) is a commonly-used nitrogen mustard alkylating agent, but its clinical application is severely limited by its cardiotoxicity. Since the development of metabolomics, the change of metabolite profiles caused by cyclophosphamide has been studied by metabolomics and has gained much attention. In this study, we analyzed rat plasma samples collected one, three and five days after cyclophosphamide administration using ultra-performance liquid chromatography quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry (UPLC/Q-TOF-MS). Multiple statistical analyses, such as principal component analysis (PCA) and partial least squares - discriminant analysis (PLS-DA), were used to examine metabolite profile changes in plasma samples in order to screen for potential cardiotoxicity biomarkers and metabolic pathways. Levels of a dozen of metabolites changed significantly in plasma from the CY-treated group after one, three, and five days compared with the control group treated with normal saline (NS). Receiver operator characteristic (ROC) curve analysis suggested that the total 16 metabolites play important roles in different times of CY-induced cardiotoxicity respectively. Our results suggest that these metabolites in linoleic acid metabolism and glycerol phospholipid metabolism may be related to CY-induced cardiotoxicity. These metabolites could act as sensitive biomarkers for CY-induced cardiotoxicity and be useful for investigating toxic mechanisms. They may also lay a foundation for clinical use of cyclophosphamide.
authors.affiliation: Tianjin State Key Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicine, School of Traditional Chinese Materia Medica, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 312 Anshan west Road, Tianjin 300193, China.
authors.forename: Jia
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Yin
authors.affiliation: Tianjin State Key Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicine, School of Traditional Chinese Materia Medica, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 312 Anshan west Road, Tianjin 300193, China.
authors.forename: Jiabin
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Xie
authors.affiliation: Tianjin State Key Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicine, School of Traditional Chinese Materia Medica, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 312 Anshan west Road, Tianjin 300193, China.
authors.forename: Xuejun
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Guo
authors.affiliation: Tianjin State Key Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicine, School of Traditional Chinese Materia Medica, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 312 Anshan west Road, Tianjin 300193, China.
authors.forename: Liang
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Ju
authors.affiliation: Tianjin State Key Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicine, School of Traditional Chinese Materia Medica, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 312 Anshan west Road, Tianjin 300193, China. Electronic address: yaowufenxi001@sina.com.
authors.forename: Yubo
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: Tianjin State Key Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 312 Anshan west Road, Tianjin 300193, China. Electronic address: tianjin_tcm001@sina.com.
authors.forename: Yanjun
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Zhang
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000097:blood; D066126:Cardiotoxicity / Q000097:blood* / Q000378:metabolism*; D002851:Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid / Q000379:methods*; D003520:Cyclophosphamide / Q000009:adverse effects*; D008297:Male; D053858:Metabolic Networks and Pathways; D055432:Metabolomics / Q000379:methods*; D025341:Principal Component Analysis; D011786:Quality Control; D012372:ROC Curve; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D053719:Tandem Mass Spectrometry / Q000379:methods*
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; D003520:Cyclophosphamide
keywords: Cardiotoxicity; Cyclophosphamide; Metabolomics; Multivariate data analysis; Receiver operating characteristic curve