title: Evaluation of eating habits and lifestyle in patients with obesity before and after bariatric surgery: a single Italian center experience.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The study evaluated and compared the eating habits and lifestyle of patients with moderate to severe obesity who have undergone Roux-en-Y Gastric Bypass (RYGB) and Sleeve Gastrectomy (SG).
  
  
  METHODS
  Food frequency (FF), food habits (FH), physical activity and life style (PA) as well as smoking habits (SH) were analyzed in 50 RYGB (25 M; aged: 24-64) and 50 SG patients (25 M; aged: 22-63) by means of a validated questionnaire, before (T0) and 6 months (T1) post bariatric surgery. A score for each section (FF, FH, PA, SH) was calculated.
  
  
  RESULTS
  ANOVA analysis (age/sex adjusted): FF and FH scores improved at T1 (RYGB and SG: p < 0.001); PA score improved but not significantly; SH score did not change at T1 neither in RYGB nor in SG. Mixed models: FF and PA scores did not correlate with age, gender, weight, BMI, neither in RYGB nor in SG; FH score was negatively correlated both with weight (RYGB: p = 0.002) and BMI (SG: p = 0.003); SH score was positively correlated with age, in SG (p = 0.002); the correlation was stronger in females than in males (p = 0.004).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Although dietary habits improved, patients did not change their physical activity level or their smoking habits. Patients should receive adequate lifestyle counseling to ensure the maximal benefit from bariatric surgery.
authors.affiliation: Unit of Human Nutrition and Dietetics, Department of Public Health, Experimental and Forensic Medicine, University of Pavia, via Bassi 21, 27100 Pavia, PV Italy.
authors.forename: Hellas
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Cena
authors.affiliation: Unit of Human Nutrition and Dietetics, Department of Public Health, Experimental and Forensic Medicine, University of Pavia, via Bassi 21, 27100 Pavia, PV Italy.|Scuola di Specializzazione in Scienza dell'Alimentazione, University of Milan, via GB Grassi 74, 20157 Milan, Italy.
authors.forename: Rachele
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: De Giuseppe
authors.affiliation: Institute of Molecular Genetics, National Research Council of Italy, via Abbiategrasso 207, 27100 Pavia, Italy.
authors.forename: Ginevra
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Biino
authors.affiliation: Department of General Surgery, Istituto Clinico S. Ambrogio, via Faravelli 16, 20149 Milan, Italy.
authors.forename: Francesca
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Persico
authors.affiliation: Department of General Surgery, Istituto Clinico S. Ambrogio, via Faravelli 16, 20149 Milan, Italy.
authors.forename: Ambra
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Ciliberto
authors.affiliation: Department of General Surgery, Istituto Clinico S. Ambrogio, via Faravelli 16, 20149 Milan, Italy.
authors.forename: Alessandro
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Giovanelli
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine and Pediatrics, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114 USA.
authors.forename: Fatima Cody
authors.initials: FC
authors.lastname: Stanford
keywords: Bariatric surgery; Dietary habits; Gastric bypass roux-en-Y; Physical activity; Sleeve gastrectomy; Smoking habits; Weight loss