title: Feasibility, appropriateness, meaningfulness and effectiveness of patient participation at bedside shift reporting: mixed-method research protocol.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate the feasibility, appropriateness, meaningfulness and effectiveness of bedside shift reporting in a minimum of five interventions and five control wards.
  
  
  BACKGROUND
  Hospitals continually improve their quality of care. Next to improvements in clinical performance, more patient participation is stimulated through different methods. Methods to enhance patient participation such as bedside shift reporting lack rigorously performed research to determine their feasibility, appropriateness, meaningfulness and effectiveness. Small-scale research and a previous pilot study indicate that bedside shift reporting improves patient participation, nurse-nurse communication and nurse-patient communication.
  
  
  METHODS
  The development, implementation and evaluation of bedside shift report are based on the Medical Research Council framework for complex interventions in health care. A matched, controlled, mixed-method, longitudinal study design will be used. The Feasibility-Appropriateness-Meaningfulness-Effectiveness framework will be applied for the quantitative and qualitative evaluation of bedside shift report.
  
  
  METHODS
  A tailored intervention and implementation process for bedside shift report will be developed using diagnostic interviews, co-design and acceptability testing. The intervention will be evaluated before implementation and three times after implementation. Individual and focus group interviews will be performed. Questionnaires, observations and analysis of the medical records and administrative databases will be completed. This study was funded in October 2015. Research Ethics Committee approval was granted in March 2016.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  There is a pressing need for rigorous research into the effects of interventions for improving patient participation. This study addresses the significance of bedside shift report as an intervention to improve quality of care, communication and patient participation within a large-scale, matched, controlled research design.
authors.affiliation: Ghent University Hospital, Belgium.|Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Department of Public Health, UCVV, Ghent University, Belgium.
authors.forename: Simon
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Malfait
authors.affiliation: Ghent University Hospital, Belgium.|Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Department of Public Health, UCVV, Ghent University, Belgium.
authors.forename: Kristof
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Eeckloo
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Department of Public Health, UCVV, Ghent University, Belgium.
authors.forename: Elisa
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Lust
authors.affiliation: Ghent University Hospital, Belgium.|Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Department of Internal Medicine, Ghent University, Belgium.
authors.forename: Wim
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Van Biesen
authors.affiliation: Ghent University Hospital, Belgium.|Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Department of Public Health, UCVV, Ghent University, Belgium.
authors.forename: Ann
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Van Hecke
mesh_terms: D005240:Feasibility Studies; D006801:Humans; D007400:Interprofessional Relations; D009723:Nurse-Patient Relations; D009741:Nursing Staff, Hospital / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D017063:Outcome Assessment, Health Care; D010358:Patient Participation / Q000379:methods*; D011787:Quality of Health Care / Q000592:standards; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires
keywords: MRC framework; appropriateness; bedside shift report; effectiveness; feasibility; meaningfulness; mixed methods study; nursing; patient participation; research protocol