title: Small for Gestational Age: The Differential Mortality When Detected versus Undetected Antenatally.
abstract: BackgroundAntenatal detection of fetal growth restriction (FGR) prompts antepartum surveillance to reduce perinatal mortality, yet most cases of FGR are undetected.ObjectiveThis study aims to compare rates of adverse neonatal outcomes when FGR is detected versus undetected.Study DesignSmall-for-gestational-age (SGA) newborns (birth weight < 10% for gestational age) delivered at the Magee-Women's Hospital in Pittsburgh, PA from 2003 to 2010 were divided into three groups: those whom did not undergo third-trimester fetal growth ultrasound (SGA-no US), were appropriate for gestational age (AGA) by ultrasound (SGA-undetected), or were FGR by ultrasound (SGA-detected). We then compared rates of 5-minute Apgar < 4 and neonatal death (ND), with AGA newborns as the referent.ResultsOut of 29,885 neonates, 2,475 (8.3%) were SGA. Out of the 826 (33%) SGA neonates who underwent growth ultrasound, 185 (22%) were considered FGR. In the SGA-no US group, the adjusted odds ratio (aOR) for Apgar < 4 was 2.84 (95% confidence interval (CI): 1.28-6.29) and 3.87 (95% CI: 2.09-7.18) for ND. The risk of Apgar < 4 (aOR: 3.10, 95% CI: 0.93-10.28) and ND (aOR: 2.16, 95% CI: 0.66-7.14) were not significantly elevated for SGA-undetected neonates, while SGA-detected neonates were most at risk, with an aOR of 18.20 (95% CI: 6.82-48.60) for Apgar < 4 and 18.24 (95% CI: 7.90-42.13) for ND.ConclusionFetal growth ultrasound effectively stratifies risk amongst SGA neonates.
authors.affiliation: Division of Maternal-Fetal Medicine, Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania.
authors.forename: Jacob C
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: Larkin
authors.affiliation: Division of Maternal-Fetal Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, McGovern Medical School at The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, Texas.
authors.forename: Suneet P
authors.initials: SP
authors.lastname: Chauhan
authors.affiliation: Division of Maternal-Fetal Medicine, Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania.
authors.forename: Hyagriv N
authors.initials: HN
authors.lastname: Simhan
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001034:Apgar Score; D005260:Female; D005317:Fetal Growth Retardation / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D006801:Humans; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D007236:Infant, Small for Gestational Age; D008297:Male; D016017:Odds Ratio; D066087:Perinatal Death; D011247:Pregnancy; D011263:Pregnancy Trimester, Third; D018570:Risk Assessment; D016216:Ultrasonography, Prenatal; D055815:Young Adult