title: Diverse responses of wild and cultivated tomato to BABA, oligandrin and Oidium neolycopersici infection.
abstract: Current strategies for increased crop protection of susceptible tomato plants against pathogen infections include treatment with synthetic chemicals, application of natural pathogen-derived compounds or transfer of resistance genes from wild tomato species within breeding programmes. In this study, a series of 45 genes potentially involved in defence mechanisms was retrieved from the genome sequence of inbred reference tomato cultivar Solanum lycopersicum 'Heinz 1706'. The aim of the study was to analyse expression of these selected genes in wild and cultivated tomato plants contrasting in resistance to the biotrophic pathogen Oidium neolycopersici , the causative agent of powdery mildew. Plants were treated either solely with potential resistance inducers or by inducers together with the pathogen.
  
  
  
  The resistance against O. neolycopersici infection as well as RT-PCR-based analysis of gene expression in response to the oomycete elicitor oligandrin and chemical agent β-aminobutyric acid (BABA) were investigated in the highly susceptible domesticated inbred genotype Solanum lycopersicum 'Amateur' and resistant wild genotype Solanum habrochaites .
  
  
  
  Differences in basal expression levels of defensins, germins, β-1,3-glucanases, heveins, chitinases, osmotins and PR1 proteins in non-infected and non-elicited plants were observed between the highly resistant and susceptible genotypes. Moreover, these defence genes showed an extensive up-regulation following O. neolycopersici infection in both genotypes. Application of BABA and elicitin induced expression of multiple defence-related transcripts and, through different mechanisms, enhanced resistance against powdery mildew in the susceptible tomato genotype.
  
  
  
  The results indicate that non-specific resistance in the resistant genotype S. habrochaites resulted from high basal levels of transcripts with proven roles in defence processes. In the susceptible genotype S. lycopersicum 'Amateur', oligandrin- and BABA-induced resistance involved different signalling pathways, with BABA-treated leaves displaying direct activation of the ethylene-dependent signalling pathway, in contrast to previously reported jasmonic acid-mediated signalling for elicitins.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Palacký University, Šlechtitelu 27, 78371 Olomouc, Czech Republic.
authors.forename: Pavla
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Satková
authors.affiliation: Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Kotlárská 2, 61137 Brno, Czech Republic.
authors.forename: Tomáš
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Starý
authors.affiliation: Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Kotlárská 2, 61137 Brno, Czech Republic.
authors.forename: Veronika
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Plešková
authors.affiliation: Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Kotlárská 2, 61137 Brno, Czech Republic.
authors.forename: Martina
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Zapletalová
authors.affiliation: Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Kotlárská 2, 61137 Brno, Czech Republic.
authors.forename: Tomáš
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Kašparovský
authors.affiliation: Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Palacký University, Šlechtitelu 27, 78371 Olomouc, Czech Republic.
authors.forename: Lucie
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Cincalová-Kubienová
authors.affiliation: Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Palacký University, Šlechtitelu 27, 78371 Olomouc, Czech Republic.
authors.forename: Lenka
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Luhová
authors.affiliation: Department of Botany, Faculty of Science, Palacký University, Šlechtitelu 27, 78371 Olomouc, Czech Republic.
authors.forename: Barbora
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Mieslerová
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Growth Regulators & Department of Chemical Biology and Genetics, Centre of the Region Haná for Biotechnological and Agricultural Research, Faculty of Science, Palacký University & Institute of Experimental Botany ASCR, Šlechtitelu 27, 78371 Olomouc, Czech Republic.
authors.forename: Jaromír
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Mikulík
authors.affiliation: Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Kotlárská 2, 61137 Brno, Czech Republic.
authors.forename: Jan
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Lochman
authors.affiliation: Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Palacký University, Šlechtitelu 27, 78371 Olomouc, Czech Republic.
authors.forename: Marek
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Petrivalský
mesh_terms: D000613:Aminobutyrates / Q000494:pharmacology*; D001203:Ascomycota / Q000502:physiology*; D060467:Disease Resistance; D018506:Gene Expression Regulation, Plant; D018551:Solanum lycopersicum / Q000235:genetics* / Q000276:immunology / Q000382:microbiology; D010935:Plant Diseases / Q000276:immunology / Q000382:microbiology*; D010940:Plant Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D060888:Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction; D017422:Sequence Analysis, DNA; D012717:Sesquiterpenes / Q000494:pharmacology*; D032322:Solanum / Q000235:genetics* / Q000276:immunology / Q000382:microbiology; D015854:Up-Regulation
chemical_list: D000613:Aminobutyrates; D010940:Plant Proteins; D012717:Sesquiterpenes; C000601412:oligandrin; C047667:3-aminobutyric acid
keywords: BABA; Solanum habrochaites; Solanum lycopersicum; defence genes; ethylene, Oidium neolycopersici; oligandrin; powdery mildew; resistance; tomato