title: The contribution of work characteristics, home characteristics and gender to burnout in medical residents.
abstract: Burnout is highly prevalent in medical residents. In order to prevent or reduce burnout in medical residents, we should gain a better understanding of contributing and protective factors of burnout. Therefore we examined the associations of job demands and resources, home demands and resources, and work-home interferences with burnout in male and female medical residents. This study was conducted on a nation-wide sample of medical residents. In 2005, all Dutch medical residents (n = 5245) received a self-report questionnaire on burnout, job and home demands and resources and work-home interference. Path analysis was used to examine the associations between job and home characteristics and work-home interference and burnout in both males and females. In total, 2115 (41.1 %) residents completed the questionnaire. In both sexes emotional demands at work and the interference between work and home were important contributors to burnout, especially when work interferes with home life. Opportunities for job development appeared to be an important protective factor. Other contributing and protective factors were different for male and female residents. In females, social support from family or partner seemed protective against burnout. In males, social support from colleagues and participation in decision-making at work seemed important. Effectively handling emotional demands at work, dealing with the interference between work and home, and having opportunities for job development are the most essential factors which should be addressed. However it is important to take gender differences into consideration when implementing preventive or therapeutic interventions for burnout in medical residents.
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry, Radboud university medical center, PO Box 9101, 6500 HB, Nijmegen, The Netherlands. hanne.verweij@radboudumc.nl.
authors.forename: Hanne
authors.identifier: http://orcid.org/0000-0002-1527-4747
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Verweij
authors.affiliation: Department of Neuropsychiatry, Vincent van Gogh Institute for Psychiatry, Venlo, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Frank M M A
authors.initials: FMMA
authors.lastname: van der Heijden
authors.affiliation: Behavioural Science Institute, Radboud University, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Madelon L M
authors.initials: MLM
authors.lastname: van Hooff
authors.affiliation: MCL Academy, Medical Center Leeuwarden, Leeuwarden, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Jelle T
authors.initials: JT
authors.lastname: Prins
authors.affiliation: Department of Primary and Community Care, Unit Gender and Womens' Health, Radboud university medical center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Antoine L M
authors.initials: ALM
authors.lastname: Lagro-Janssen
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry, Radboud university medical center, PO Box 9101, 6500 HB, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Hiske
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: van Ravesteijn
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry, Radboud university medical center, PO Box 9101, 6500 HB, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Anne E M
authors.initials: AEM
authors.lastname: Speckens
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D002055:Burnout, Professional / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000523:psychology*; D003657:Decision Making; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007396:Internship and Residency / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D007588:Job Satisfaction; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009426:Netherlands; D012737:Sex Factors; D012944:Social Support; D000072358:Work-Life Balance; D016526:Workload / Q000523:psychology
keywords: Burnout; Gender; Home demands and resources; Job demands and resources; Medical residents