title: Population-Level Effects of Human Papillomavirus Vaccination Programs on Infections with Nonvaccine Genotypes.
abstract: We analyzed human papillomavirus (HPV) prevalences during prevaccination and postvaccination periods to consider possible changes in nonvaccine HPV genotypes after introduction of vaccines that confer protection against 2 high-risk types, HPV16 and HPV18. Our meta-analysis included 9 studies with data for 13,886 girls and women ≤19 years of age and 23,340 women 20-24 years of age. We found evidence of cross-protection for HPV31 among the younger age group after vaccine introduction but little evidence for reductions of HPV33 and HPV45. For the group this same age group, we also found slight increases in 2 nonvaccine high-risk HPV types (HPV39 and HPV52) and in 2 possible high-risk types (HPV53 and HPV73). However, results between age groups and vaccines used were inconsistent, and the increases had possible alternative explanations; consequently, these data provided no clear evidence for type replacement. Continued monitoring of these HPV genotypes is important.
authors.forename: David
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Mesher
authors.forename: Kate
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Soldan
authors.forename: Matti
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Lehtinen
authors.forename: Simon
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Beddows
authors.forename: Marc
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Brisson
authors.forename: Julia M L
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Brotherton
authors.forename: Eric P F
authors.initials: EP
authors.lastname: Chow
authors.forename: Teresa
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Cummings
authors.forename: Mélanie
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Drolet
authors.forename: Christopher K
authors.initials: CK
authors.lastname: Fairley
authors.forename: Suzanne M
authors.initials: SM
authors.lastname: Garland
authors.forename: Jessica A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Kahn
authors.forename: Kimberley
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Kavanagh
authors.forename: Lauri
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Markowitz
authors.forename: Kevin G
authors.initials: KG
authors.lastname: Pollock
authors.forename: Anna
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Söderlund-Strand
authors.forename: Pam
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Sonnenberg
authors.forename: Sepehr N
authors.initials: SN
authors.lastname: Tabrizi
authors.forename: Clare
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Tanton
authors.forename: Elizabeth
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Unger
authors.forename: Sara L
authors.initials: SL
authors.lastname: Thomas
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D056738:Cross Protection; D005260:Female; D005838:Genotype; D006801:Humans; D017589:Immunization Programs; D027383:Papillomaviridae / Q000235:genetics* / Q000276:immunology; D030361:Papillomavirus Infections / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000517:prevention & control* / Q000821:virology; D053918:Papillomavirus Vaccines; D015995:Prevalence; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D053918:Papillomavirus Vaccines
keywords: HPV; HPV vaccination; genotypes; human papillomavirus; nonvaccine types; surveillance; vaccines; viruses