title: Predictive value of cytokines for developing complications after polytrauma.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To investigate posttraumatic cytokine alterations and their value for predicting complications and mortality in polytraumatized patients.
  
  
  METHODS
  Studies on the use of specific cytokines to predict the development of complications and mortality were identified in MEDLINE, EMBASE, Web of Science and the Cochrane Library. Of included studies, relevant data were extracted and study quality was scored.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Forty-two studies published between 1988 and 2015 were identified, including 28 cohort studies and 14 "nested" case-control studies. Most studies investigated the cytokines interleukin (IL)-6, IL-8, IL-10 and tumor necrosis factor (TNF-α). IL-6 seems related to muliorgan dysfunction syndrome, multiorgan failure (MOF) and mortality; IL-8 appears altered in acute respiratory distress syndrome, MOF and mortality; IL-10 alterations seem to precede sepsis and MOF; and TNF-α seems related to MOF.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Cytokine secretion patterns appear to be different for patients developing complications when compared to patients with uneventful posttraumatic course. More research is needed to strengthen the evidence for clinical relevance of these cytokines.
authors.affiliation: Anne-Britt E Dekker, Pieta Krijnen, Inger B Schipper, Department of Trauma Surgery, Leiden University Medical Center, 2333 ZA Leiden, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Anne-Britt E
authors.initials: AB
authors.lastname: Dekker
authors.affiliation: Anne-Britt E Dekker, Pieta Krijnen, Inger B Schipper, Department of Trauma Surgery, Leiden University Medical Center, 2333 ZA Leiden, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Pieta
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Krijnen
authors.affiliation: Anne-Britt E Dekker, Pieta Krijnen, Inger B Schipper, Department of Trauma Surgery, Leiden University Medical Center, 2333 ZA Leiden, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Inger B
authors.initials: IB
authors.lastname: Schipper
keywords: Acute respiratory distress syndrome; Cytokine; Muli-organ dysfunction syndrome; Multi-organ failure; Multiple trauma; Sepsis