title: Association of Helicobacter pylori with hepatobiliary stone disease, a prospective case control study.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Hepatobiliary stone disease is one of the most common surgical conditions worldwide. There are multiple causative agents responsible for the formation of hepatobiliary stones, and bacterial infection is one of them. The presence of Helicobacter DNA species has been investigated in the biliary epithelium of patients with biliary diseases. However, conflicting results have been observed that may have been due to the small number of subjects studied, difficulty in obtaining a healthy control group, absence of controlling for confounding factors, or ethical and regional differences among populations.
  
  
  METHODS
  We investigated the presence of Helicobacter pylori species by PCR of 26-kDa surface antigen specific to H. pylori in bile samples from 50 cases with hepatobiliary stones and 25 controls without hepatobiliary stones. The control group comprised of 20 patients of hydatid cyst disease of liver and 5 patients of right colonic growth.
  
  
  RESULTS
  H. pylori was present in 20 bile samples among cases and was absent in 30 bile samples among cases. Among controls, H. pylori could not be detected. A significant association of the presence of H. pylori with hepatobiliary stone disease was seen (p < 0.001).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  There is an association between bile infection with H. pylori and hepatobiliary stone disease.
authors.affiliation: Department of General and Minimal Invasive Surgery, Sher-i-Kashmir Institute of Medical Sciences, Soura, Srinagar, Kashmir, 190 010, India. docmuneeryousuf@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Mohammad Yousuf
authors.initials: MY
authors.lastname: Dar
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgical Gastroenterology, Sher-i-Kashmir Institute of Medical Sciences, Soura, Srinagar, Kashmir, 190 010, India.
authors.forename: Sadaf
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Ali
authors.affiliation: Department of Internal Medicine, Sher-i-Kashmir Institute of Medical Sciences, Soura, Srinagar, Kashmir, 190 010, India.
authors.forename: Abdul Hameed
authors.initials: AH
authors.lastname: Raina
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Sher-i-Kashmir Institute of Medical Sciences, Soura, Srinagar, Kashmir, 190 010, India.
authors.forename: Manzoor A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Raina
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgical Gastroenterology, Sher-i-Kashmir Institute of Medical Sciences, Soura, Srinagar, Kashmir, 190 010, India.
authors.forename: O J
authors.initials: OJ
authors.lastname: Shah
authors.affiliation: Department of General and Minimal Invasive Surgery, Sher-i-Kashmir Institute of Medical Sciences, Soura, Srinagar, Kashmir, 190 010, India.
authors.forename: Mubashir A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Shah
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Sher-i-Kashmir Institute of Medical Sciences, Soura, Srinagar, Kashmir, 190 010, India.
authors.forename: Syed
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Mudassar
mesh_terms: D001646:Bile / Q000382:microbiology; D001652:Bile Ducts / Q000382:microbiology; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D002769:Cholelithiasis / Q000382:microbiology*; D004269:DNA, Bacterial / Q000302:isolation & purification; D004848:Epithelium / Q000382:microbiology; D016481:Helicobacter Infections / Q000150:complications* / Q000382:microbiology; D016480:Helicobacter pylori / Q000235:genetics / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D006801:Humans; D016133:Polymerase Chain Reaction; D011446:Prospective Studies
chemical_list: D004269:DNA, Bacterial
keywords: H . pylori; Hepatobiliary stone disease; Pathogenesis