title: Psychiatric disorders and psychological distress in patients undergoing evaluation for lung transplantation: a national cohort study.
abstract: We sought to investigate type and prevalence of psychiatric disorders and psychological distress in patients being evaluated for lung transplantation.
  
  
  
  One hundred eighteen patients were assessed [74% with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD)] with the MINI Neuropsychiatric Interview, the General Health Questionnaire (GHQ), and Hospital Anxiety Depression Scale (HADS). Spirometry and the 6-min walk test (6MWT) assessed lung function with data subject to multivariate regression analyses.
  
  
  
  Current and lifetime prevalence for mental disorders were 41.5% and 61.0% respectively, with anxiety (39.8% of patients), mood disorders (11.8%), and subsyndromal disorders (8.7%) identified. 15% of patients reported feelings of panic during the last week, 9% reported hopelessness, and 3% felt that life was not worth living. Statistically significant correlates were derived for HADS-depression with lung function (P=.0012) and 6MWT (P=.030) for the entire group (P=.012), and with lung function (P=.030) for COPD patients (P=.045), for whom higher chronic GHQ-scores correlated with poorer lung function (P=.009). In multivariate regression analysis, history of mental disorder was strongest predictor of current distress.
  
  
  
  Our findings underline the importance of assessing past, current, and sub-syndromal psychiatric disorders in addition to levels of distress in transplant candidates, with prospective studies needed to investigate impact on long-term outcome after transplantation.
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical Service, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway.
authors.forename: Torunn S
authors.initials: TS
authors.lastname: Søyseth
authors.affiliation: Department of Respiratory Medicine, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway.
authors.forename: May-Brit
authors.initials: MB
authors.lastname: Lund
authors.affiliation: Department of Respiratory Medicine, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway.
authors.forename: Øystein
authors.initials: Ø
authors.lastname: Bjørtuft
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychosomatic Medicine, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway.
authors.forename: Aasta
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Heldal
authors.affiliation: Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Akershus University Hospital, Nordbyhagen, Norway; Institute of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.
authors.forename: Vidar
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Søyseth
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine and Medical Center, Pittsburgh, USA.
authors.forename: Mary Amanda
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Dew
authors.affiliation: Oslo Akershus University College of Applied Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, Oslo, Norway.
authors.forename: Gro Killi
authors.initials: GK
authors.lastname: Haugstad
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychosomatic Medicine, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway; Department of Research and Education (clinical neuroscience) Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway; Institute of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway. Electronic address: u.f.malt@medisin.uio.no.
authors.forename: Ulrik Fredrik
authors.initials: UF
authors.lastname: Malt
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001007:Anxiety / Q000175:diagnosis*; D015331:Cohort Studies; D003863:Depression / Q000175:diagnosis*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D016040:Lung Transplantation / Q000523:psychology; D008297:Male; D001523:Mental Disorders / Q000175:diagnosis*; D008875:Middle Aged; D009664:Norway / Q000453:epidemiology; D015995:Prevalence; D029424:Pulmonary Disease, Chronic Obstructive / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000523:psychology* / Q000601:surgery; D011658:Pulmonary Fibrosis / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000523:psychology* / Q000601:surgery; D013315:Stress, Psychological / Q000175:diagnosis*
keywords: Anxiety; COPD; Depression; Lung function; Lung transplantation