title: Binge-eating disorder in the Swedish national registers: Somatic comorbidity.
abstract: To evaluate associations between binge-eating disorder (BED) and somatic illnesses and determine whether medical comorbidities are more common in individuals who present with BED and comorbid obesity.
  
  
  
  Cases (n = 850) were individuals with a BED diagnosis in the Swedish eating disorders quality registers. Ten community controls were matched to each case on sex, and year, month, and county of birth. Associations of BED status with neurologic, immune, respiratory, gastrointestinal, skin, musculoskeletal, genitourinary, circulatory, and endocrine system diseases were evaluated using conditional logistic regression models. We further examined these associations by adjusting for lifetime psychiatric comorbidity. Amongst individuals with BED, we explored whether comorbid obesity was associated with risk of somatic disorders.
  
  
  
  BED was associated with most classes of diseases evaluated; strongest associations were with diabetes [odds ratio (95% confidence interval) = 5.7 (3.8; 8.7)] and circulatory systems [1.9 (1.3; 2.7)], likely indexing components of metabolic syndrome. Amongst individuals with BED, those with comorbid obesity were more likely to have a lifetime history of respiratory [1.5 (1.1; 2.1)] and gastrointestinal [2.6 (1.7; 4.1)] diseases than those without comorbid obesity. Increased risk of some somatic disease classes in individuals with BED was not simply due to obesity or other lifetime psychiatric comorbidity.
  
  
  
  The association of BED with many somatic illnesses highlights the morbidity experienced by individuals with BED. Clinicians treating patients with BED should be vigilant for medical comorbidities. Nonpsychiatric providers may be the first clinical contact for those with BED underscoring the importance of screening in primary care. © 2016 The Authors International Journal of Eating Disorders Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. (Int J Eat Disord 2017; 50:58-65).
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina.
authors.forename: Laura M
authors.initials: LM
authors.lastname: Thornton
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina.|Faculty of Health Sciences, School of Psychology and Speech Pathology, Curtin University, Perth, Australia.|Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry, and Health Sciences, School of Paediatrics and Child Health, the University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia.
authors.forename: Hunna J
authors.identifier: 0000-0001-8405-381X
authors.initials: HJ
authors.lastname: Watson
authors.affiliation: Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.
authors.forename: Andreas
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Jangmo
authors.affiliation: Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.
authors.forename: Elisabeth
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Welch
authors.affiliation: Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.
authors.forename: Camilla
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Wiklund
authors.affiliation: Centre for Psychiatry Research, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet/Stockholm Centre for Eating disorders, Stockholm, Sweden.|Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.
authors.forename: Yvonne
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: von Hausswolff-Juhlin
authors.affiliation: Centre for Psychiatry Research, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet/Stockholm Centre for Eating disorders, Stockholm, Sweden.|Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.
authors.forename: Claes
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Norring
authors.affiliation: Shire, Lexington, Massachusetts, United States.
authors.forename: Barry K
authors.initials: BK
authors.lastname: Herman
authors.affiliation: Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.
authors.forename: Henrik
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Larsson
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina.|Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.|Department of Nutrition, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina.
authors.forename: Cynthia M
authors.initials: CM
authors.lastname: Bulik
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D056912:Binge-Eating Disorder / Q000150:complications* / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000523:psychology; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D015897:Comorbidity; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D016015:Logistic Models; D008297:Male; D024821:Metabolic Syndrome / Q000150:complications; D009765:Obesity / Q000150:complications* / Q000453:epidemiology; D013548:Sweden / Q000453:epidemiology
keywords: binge-eating disorder; cardiovascular; gastrointestinal; medical comorbidity; metabolic syndrome; physical; somatic