title: Equilibrium and kinetic modeling of iron adsorption and the effect by chloride, sulfate, and hydroxyl: evaluation of PVC-U drinking pipes.
abstract: The update of pipeline was quick over the last few years and the plastic pipes were widely used in the drinking water distribution systems (DWDSs), especially in the small-diameter pipes. In this study, the iron adsorptive characteristics and the affecting factors in unplasticized poly(vinyl chloride) (PVC-U) pipe were investigated. Results showed that the average amount of iron in the 10-year-old PVC-U pipe's interior surface was 2.80 wt% which was almost 187 times larger than that in a new one. Goethite (α-FeOOH) and magnetite (Fe3O4) were the major iron compounds in the scales which covered on the old pipes' interior surface and showed loose and porous images under a scanning electron microscope. Moreover, the influence of the iron concentration on the adsorption amount and rate was discussed. The adsorption amount was significantly influenced by iron concentration, but similar adsorption rate was discovered. Notably, iron was quantitatively adsorbed by PVC-U pipe during the experimental period in accordance with the pseudo second order kinetic model. Meanwhile, regression model and response surface methodology were used to analyze the regular of iron adsorption in different concentrations of chloride (Cl-), sulfate (SO42-), and hydroxyl (OH-). It can be concluded that Cl-and OH-showed the strong ability of iron adsorption which were larger than SO42-.
authors.affiliation: College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200092, China.
authors.forename: Jia -Ying
authors.initials: J-
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200092, China.
authors.forename: Shu-Ping
authors.initials: SP
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200092, China.
authors.forename: Kun-Lun
authors.initials: KL
authors.lastname: Xin
authors.affiliation: College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200092, China. taotao@tongji.edu.cn.
authors.forename: Tao
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Tao
mesh_terms: D000327:Adsorption; D002712:Chlorides / Q000032:analysis; D060766:Drinking Water / Q000032:analysis*; D017665:Hydroxyl Radical / Q000032:analysis; D007501:Iron; D058085:Iron Compounds / Q000032:analysis*; D007700:Kinetics; D008903:Minerals / Q000032:analysis*; D011143:Polyvinyl Chloride / Q000737:chemistry*; D013431:Sulfates / Q000032:analysis; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical / Q000032:analysis*
chemical_list: D002712:Chlorides; D060766:Drinking Water; D058085:Iron Compounds; D008903:Minerals; D013431:Sulfates; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical; C094886:goethite; D017665:Hydroxyl Radical; D011143:Polyvinyl Chloride; D007501:Iron
keywords: Equilibrium and kinetics model; Iron adsorption; PVC-U drinking pipes; Regression model; Response surface methodology