title: A synthesis of the evidence on peer research with potentially vulnerable adults: how this relates to dementia.
abstract: There is limited literature around peer research in dementia. This study aims to identify the benefits, the risks and the practical challenges and to develop a model of good practice in peer research with people with dementia.
  
  
  
  We searched on PsycInfo, PubMed and Google Scholar for empirical investigations or discussion papers on peer research. Given the limited literature in the field of dementia, we included studies with groups who share similar demographics (older people), experience of stigma (mental health service users) and exclusion from research (people with learning disabilities). We applied no restrictions on language and publication date.
  
  
  
  We identified three themes: the potential benefits, the potential risks and the practical challenges of peer research. We developed a model of good practice. The European Working Group of People with Dementia reviewed our paper and added to our findings.
  
  
  
  We included seven papers. Potential benefits of peer research included enriched data and empowering people with dementia. Potential risks included power differentials between researchers and issues of representativeness. The practical issues for good practice included the training of peer researchers, defining involvement and roles, working with cognitive impairment and considering resource implications. The European Working Group of People with Dementia emphasised the importance of equality issues.
  
  
  
  Involving people with dementia in peer research can generate several benefits, including empowerment and opportunities for inclusion for the peer researchers and the research participants living with dementia, challenging academics' traditional views on research processes and gathering enhanced research data. There remains a need for further research on the impact of peer research in dementia studies. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
authors.affiliation: Division of Psychiatry and Applied Psychology, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK.
authors.forename: Claudio
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Di Lorito
authors.affiliation: School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of East Anglia, Norwich, UK.
authors.forename: Linda
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Birt
authors.affiliation: School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of East Anglia, Norwich, UK.
authors.forename: Fiona
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Poland
authors.affiliation: Division of Psychiatry, University College London, London, UK.
authors.forename: Emese
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Csipke
authors.affiliation: Alzheimer Europe, Luxembourg.
authors.forename: Dianne
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Gove
authors.affiliation: Alzheimer Europe, Luxembourg.
authors.forename: Ana
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Diaz-Ponce
authors.affiliation: Division of Psychiatry and Applied Psychology, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK.
authors.forename: Martin
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Orrell
mesh_terms: D035843:Biomedical Research / Q000379:methods*; D060825:Cognitive Dysfunction; D003704:Dementia / Q000523:psychology*; D006801:Humans; D008605:Mental Health Services / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D010358:Patient Participation; D018579:Patient Selection; D010379:Peer Group; D035862:Vulnerable Populations; D000078329:Workforce
keywords: co-research; dementia; participatory research; patient and public involvement; peer research