title: Trait Self-Compassion Reflects Emotional Flexibility Through an Association with High Vagally Mediated Heart Rate Variability.
abstract: Converging evidence shows a positive effect of self-compassion on self-reported well-being and mental health. However, few studies have examined the relation between self-compassion and psychophysiological measures. In the present study, we therefore examined the relation between trait self-compassion and vagally mediated heart rate variability (vmHRV) in 53 students (39 female, mean age = 23.63). Trait self-compassion was assessed using the Self-Compassion Scale, and resting vmHRV was measured during a 5-min ECG baseline period. We hypothesized that higher levels of trait self-compassion would predict higher levels of resting vmHRV. Controlling for potential covariates (including age, gender, and BMI), the results confirmed our hypotheses, showing that higher levels of trait self-compassion predicted higher vmHRV. These results were validated with a 24-h measure of vmHRV, acquired from a subsample of the participants (n= 26, 16 female, mean age = 23.85), confirming the positive correlation between high trait self-compassion and higher vmHRV. The relation between trait self-compassion, vmHRV, self-reported trait anxiety (the trait scale of the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory; STAI) and self-reported rumination (the Rumination subscale of the Rumination-Reflection Questionnaire; RRQ-Rum) was also investigated. Higher levels of trait anxiety and rumination were highly correlated with low levels of trait self-compassion. Trait anxiety, but not rumination, correlated marginally significantly with the level of vmHRV. The findings of the present study indicate that trait self-compassion predicts a better ability to physiologically and psychologically adapt emotional responses. Possible implications and limitations of the study are discussed.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biological and Medical Psychology, Faculty of Psychology, University of Bergen, Jonas Lies vei 91, Bergen, 5009 Norway ; Bjørgvin District Psychiatic Centre, Knarvik, Haukeland University Hospital, Kvassnesvegen 63, 5914 Isdalstø, Norway.
authors.forename: Julie Lillebostad
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: Svendsen
authors.affiliation: Department of Biological and Medical Psychology, Faculty of Psychology, University of Bergen, Jonas Lies vei 91, Bergen, 5009 Norway.
authors.forename: Berge
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Osnes
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical Psychology, Faculty of Psychology, University of Bergen, Christiesgate 12, Bergen, 5015 Norway.
authors.forename: Per-Einar
authors.initials: PE
authors.lastname: Binder
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical Psychology, Faculty of Psychology, University of Bergen, Christiesgate 12, Bergen, 5015 Norway.
authors.forename: Ingrid
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Dundas
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical Psychology, Faculty of Psychology, University of Bergen, Christiesgate 12, Bergen, 5015 Norway.
authors.forename: Endre
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Visted
authors.affiliation: Department of Biological and Medical Psychology, Faculty of Psychology, University of Bergen, Jonas Lies vei 91, Bergen, 5009 Norway.
authors.forename: Helge
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Nordby
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical Psychology, Faculty of Psychology, University of Bergen, Christiesgate 12, Bergen, 5015 Norway.
authors.forename: Elisabeth
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Schanche
authors.affiliation: Department of Biological and Medical Psychology, Faculty of Psychology, University of Bergen, Jonas Lies vei 91, Bergen, 5009 Norway ; KG Jebsen Center for Neuropsychiatric Disorders, Bergen, Norway.
authors.forename: Lin
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Sørensen
keywords: Emotion regulation; Emotional flexibility; Heart rate variability; Self-compassion; Young adults