title: Review of Ultrasonography in the Diagnosis of Carpal Tunnel Syndrome and a Proposed Scanning Protocol.
abstract: Carpal tunnel syndrome is the most common peripheral compressive neuropathy. Ultrasonography (US) is an emerging technology that can be used in the diagnosis of carpal tunnel syndrome. Although the cross-sectional area is the most studied and validated measurement for carpal tunnel syndrome, there is no standardized neuromuscular US scanning protocol. We review the most studied neuromuscular US characteristics and protocols in the evaluation of carpal tunnel syndrome and propose a standardized protocol for evaluating carpal tunnel syndrome with neuromuscular US based on current literature.
authors.affiliation: Department of Rehabilitation, Walter Reed National Military Medical Center, Bethesda, Maryland USA ychent@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Yin-Ting
authors.initials: YT
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.affiliation: Division of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Stanford University, Stanford, California USA.
authors.forename: Lisa
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Williams
authors.affiliation: Department of Rehabilitation, Walter Reed National Military Medical Center, Bethesda, Maryland USA.
authors.forename: Matthew J
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Zak
authors.affiliation: Division of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Stanford University, Stanford, California USA.
authors.forename: Michael
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Fredericson
mesh_terms: D002349:Carpal Tunnel Syndrome / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D006801:Humans; D008475:Median Nerve / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D017410:Practice Guidelines as Topic; D014463:Ultrasonography / Q000379:methods*
keywords: carpal tunnel syndrome; diagnosis; evaluation; neurosonology; review; ultrasonography