title: Proteinuria in HIV-infected Indian children.
abstract: Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is a major cause of morbidity and mortality among individuals with HIV infection. Screening for proteinuria in HIV-infected children will help in early detection and treatment, and thus prevention and progression to CKD to end-stage kidney disease (ESRD). We screened 139 HIV-infected children aged 18 months to 18 years for proteinuria by urinary dipstick and confirmed by spot urine protein-to-creatinine ratio. If proteinuria was absent by the above methods, patients were screened for microalbuminuria by urinary albumin to creatinine ratio. We found proteinuria in 11.5% and microalbuminuria in 10.6% of our study population. The prevalence of proteinuria was higher in the advanced stages; 8.05% in stage 1, 12.12% in stage 2 and 26.32% in stages 3 + 4.
authors.affiliation: 1 Postgraduate Student, Department of Paediatrics, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education & Research and Dr Ram Manohar Lohia Hospital, New Delhi, India.
authors.forename: Gopila
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Gupta
authors.affiliation: 2 Professor of Paediatrics, Department of Paediatrics, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education & Research and Dr Ram Manohar Lohia Hospital, New Delhi, India.
authors.forename: Alok
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Hemal
authors.affiliation: 2 Professor of Paediatrics, Department of Paediatrics, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education & Research and Dr Ram Manohar Lohia Hospital, New Delhi, India.
authors.forename: Abhijeet
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Saha
authors.affiliation: 3 Senior Resident, Department of Paediatrics, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education & Research and Dr Ram Manohar Lohia Hospital, New Delhi, India.
authors.forename: Kanika
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Kapoor
authors.affiliation: 4 Associate Professor of Biochemistry, Department of Biochemistry, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education & Research and Dr Ram Manohar Lohia Hospital, New Delhi, India.
authors.forename: Parul
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Goyal
authors.affiliation: 5 Statistican, Department of Biostatistics, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India.
authors.forename: Ashish Datt
authors.initials: AD
authors.lastname: Upadhyay
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000419:Albuminuria / Q000453:epidemiology*; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D005260:Female; D015658:HIV Infections / Q000453:epidemiology*; D006801:Humans; D007194:India / Q000453:epidemiology; D007676:Kidney Failure, Chronic / Q000453:epidemiology*; D008297:Male; D015995:Prevalence; D011507:Proteinuria / Q000453:epidemiology*; D016482:Urinalysis
keywords: HIV; India; children; microalbuminuria; proteinuria