title: Effect of Preoperative Oral Amantadine on Acute and Chronic Postoperative Pain After Mandibular Fracture Surgery.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Postoperative pain from open reduction and internal fixation of mandibular fracture is a serious issue. Amantadine is an N-methyl-D-aspartic acid or N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor antagonist that can be effective against postoperative pain.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  The present study examined the efficacy of amantadine in alleviating the postoperative pain of mandibular fracture surgery.
  
  
  METHODS
  In this double-blind study, 60 patients (ASA physical status I-II) were randomly divided into two groups. The mean ages of the participants were 31.2 ± 13.1 years and 32.3 ± 18.1 years, respectively. The male/female ratios were 24/6 and 26/4, respectively, in the case and control groups. Randomization was based on a single sequence of random assignments using computer-generated random numbers. Group I was given oral amantadine 100 mg 1 hour before surgery, and group II received a placebo at the identical time. Through PCA pumps, patients received a bolus dose of morphine at 0.02 mg/kg body weight, to a maximum of 1.5 mg. PCA pumps were set at 6 minutes lockout intervals and a maximum dose of 0.15 mg/kg/h, to a maximum of 10 mg/h. Pain was assessed using a visual analog scale (VAS) at 0, 2, 4, 6, 12, and 24 hours and 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, and 6 months after surgery. The amounts of analgesic consumed were recorded for the first 24 hours, and for 6 months after surgery.
  
  
  RESULTS
  There were no significant differences between the two groups with respect to age, gender, nausea and vomiting, sleep quality, blood pressure, and heart rate. No significant differences were observed between the two groups in pain scores (P = 0.39) and analgesic consumption (P = 0.78).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The results suggest that a single dose of preoperative oral amantadine did not reduce acute or chronic postoperative pain, nor analgesic consumption.
authors.affiliation: Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Faculty of Dentistry, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.
authors.forename: Javad
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Yazdani
authors.affiliation: Department of Anesthesiology, Imam Reza Hospital, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.
authors.forename: Davood
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Aghamohamadi
authors.affiliation: Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Faculty of Dentistry, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.
authors.forename: Masoomeh
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Amani
authors.affiliation: Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Faculty of Dentistry, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.
authors.forename: Ali Hossein
authors.initials: AH
authors.lastname: Mesgarzadeh
authors.affiliation: Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Faculty of Dentistry, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.
authors.forename: Davood
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Maghbooli Asl
authors.affiliation: Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Faculty of Dentistry, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.
authors.forename: Tannaz
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Pourlak
keywords: Amantadine; Anesthesia and Analgesia; Maxillofacial Injuries