title: Deciphering bioactive peptides and their action mechanisms through proteomics.
abstract: Bioactive peptides such as antimicrobial peptides (AMPs), ribosomally synthesized and post translationally modified peptides (RiPPs) and the non-ribosomal peptides (NRPs) have emerged with promising applications in medicine, agriculture and industry. However, their development has been limited by several difficulties making it necessary to search for novel discovery methods. In this context, proteomics has been considered a reliable tool. Areas covered: This review highlights recent developments in proteomic tools that facilitate the discovery of AMPs, RiPPs and NRPs as well as the elucidation of action mechanisms of AMPs and resistance mechanisms of pathogens to them. Expert commentary: Proteomic approaches have emerged as useful tools for the study of bioactive peptides, especially mass spectrometry-based peptidomics profiling, a promising strategy for AMP discovery. Furthermore, the rapidly expanding fields of genome mining and genome sequencing techniques, as well as mass spectrometry, have revolutionized the discovery of novel RiPPs and NRPs from complex biological samples.
authors.affiliation: a Pos-Graduação em Patologia olecular , Universidade de Brasilia , Brasilia-DF Brazil.|b Centro de Analises Proteomicas e Bioquimicas, Programa de Pos-Graduacao em Ciencias Genomicas e Biotecnologia , Universidade Catolica de Brasilia , Brasília , Brazil.
authors.forename: Osmel Fleitas
authors.initials: OF
authors.lastname: Martinez
authors.affiliation: c S-Inova Biotech, Programa de Pos-Graduacao em Biotecnologia , Universidade Catolica Dom Bosco , Campo Grande , Brazil.|d Department of Biochemistry, School of Biological Sciences, College of Agriculture and Natural Sciences , University of Cape Coast , Cape Coast , Ghana.
authors.forename: Caleb Mawuli
authors.initials: CM
authors.lastname: Agbale
authors.affiliation: b Centro de Analises Proteomicas e Bioquimicas, Programa de Pos-Graduacao em Ciencias Genomicas e Biotecnologia , Universidade Catolica de Brasilia , Brasília , Brazil.
authors.forename: Fernanda
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Nomiyama
authors.affiliation: a Pos-Graduação em Patologia olecular , Universidade de Brasilia , Brasilia-DF Brazil.|b Centro de Analises Proteomicas e Bioquimicas, Programa de Pos-Graduacao em Ciencias Genomicas e Biotecnologia , Universidade Catolica de Brasilia , Brasília , Brazil.|c S-Inova Biotech, Programa de Pos-Graduacao em Biotecnologia , Universidade Catolica Dom Bosco , Campo Grande , Brazil.
authors.forename: Octávio Luiz
authors.initials: OL
authors.lastname: Franco
keywords: Antimicrobial peptides; genome mining tools; non-ribosomal peptides; peptidomics; ribosomally synthesized and post translationally modified peptides