title: Renal Biopsy Findings in Patients with Hypothyroidism: Report of 16 cases.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Hypothyroidism is prevalent in India. Its association with renal diseases though not very common but have been described in many studies. Here we are reporting renal biopsy findings in 16 cases, all of whom were already diagnosed cases of hypothyroidism.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To study renal parenchymal diseases associated in patients with hypothyroidism.
  
  
  METHODS
  Formalin fixed paraffin embedded sections of renal biopsy were examined after staining with H&E, PAS and Acid Fuschin Orange G (AFOG) stain. Serum urea/creatinine measurements done by semi-autoanalysers and urine analysis were done by using urine strips and light microscopy.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In 16 cases, M:F ratio was 9:7. Duration of disease varied from 6 months to 14 years. Blood urea and serum creatinine were raised in 10 cases (62.5%) and nephrotic range proteinuria was present in 13 cases (81.25%). Two of the patients had co existing systemic lupus erythaematous. Renal pathology revealed membranous glomerulonephritis (GN) in both cases. In renal biopsy seven cases (43.75%) had pure Membranous Glomerulonephritis (MGN), 4 cases (25%) had mixture of Mesan-gial cell proliferation and membranous Glomerulonephritis(GN) also called MembranoProliferative GN (MPGN). Another four cases (25%) had Focal Segmental Glomerulosclerosis (FSGS) with chronic interstitial nephritis and one case was having minimal change disease.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Thus present study concludes that hypothyroidism can cause renal parenchymal disease like membranous GN, mesangiocapillary GN which is also called as membranoproliferative GN and FSGS.
authors.affiliation: Professor, Department of Pathology, Incharge UGC Advanced Immunodiagnostic Training and Research Centre, IMS BHU , Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh, India .
authors.forename: Usha
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: Singh
authors.affiliation: Junior Resident, Department of Pathology, IMS BHU , Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh, India .
authors.forename: Varnika
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Rai
authors.affiliation: Senior Resident, Department of Radiodiagnosis, IMS BHU , Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh, India .
authors.forename: Rajeev
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Singh
authors.affiliation: Senior Resident, Department of Pathology, IMS BHU , Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh, India .
authors.forename: Deepa
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Santosh
authors.affiliation: Professor, Department of Nephrology, IMS BHU , Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh, India .
authors.forename: Jai
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Parkash
authors.affiliation: Professor, Department of Nephrology, IMS BHU , Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh, India .
authors.forename: Rana Gopal
authors.initials: RG
authors.lastname: Singh
authors.affiliation: Associate Professor, Department of Nephrology, IMS BHU , Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh, India .
authors.forename: Shivendra
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Singh
keywords: FSGS; Membranous GN; Mesangiocapillary GN; Minimal Change GN; Mixed GN; Nephrotic Syndrome; SLE