title: Integrated assessment of biomarker responses and microbiological analysis of oysters from São Luís Island, Brazil.
abstract: This study was conducted to evaluate the use of biochemical biomarkers and microbiological analysis to identify levels of oyster contamination at different ports in São Luís Island (Maranhão), Brazil. Oysters were analyzed for total coliforms, thermotolerant coliforms, Escherichia coli and Aeromonas spp. In addition, tissue was removed from the digestive gland to determine the glutathione-S-transferase (GST) and catalase (CAT) activity. The highest percentage of microbiological contamination of oyster samples occurred during the rainy season. The activity of GST and catalase in oysters was also higher in the rainy season, coinciding with the greatest abundance of total and thermotolerant coliforms. Among the prospective biomarkers, GST showed the best results for identification of areas with higher levels of contamination.
authors.affiliation: Universidade Estadual do Maranhão (UEMA), Centro de Ciências Agrárias-CCA, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciência Animal, Cidade Universitária Paulo VI, Caixa Postal 09, São Luís, MA, Brazil. Electronic address: elianeribeiro.biologa@gmail.com.
authors.forename: E B
authors.initials: EB
authors.lastname: Ribeiro
authors.affiliation: Universidade Federal do Maranhão (UFMA), Programa de Pós-Graduação em Saúde e Ambiente, Avenida dos Portugueses, 1966, Bacanga, São Luís, MA 65080-805, Brazil. Electronic address: lucianabastos79@gmail.com.
authors.forename: L S
authors.initials: LS
authors.lastname: Bastos
authors.affiliation: Universidade Estadual do Maranhão (UEMA), Centro de Ciências Agrárias-CCA, Curso de Medicina Veterinária, Cidade Universitária Paulo VI, Caixa Postal 09, São Luís, MA, Brazil. Electronic address: lygiagaleno@outlook.com.
authors.forename: L S
authors.initials: LS
authors.lastname: Galeno
authors.affiliation: Universidade Estadual do Maranhão (UEMA), Centro de Ciências Agrárias-CCA, Curso de Medicina Veterinária, Cidade Universitária Paulo VI, Caixa Postal 09, São Luís, MA, Brazil. Electronic address: leafar-2310@hotmail.com.
authors.forename: R S
authors.initials: RS
authors.lastname: Mendes
authors.affiliation: Universidade Estadual do Maranhão (UEMA), Centro de Ciências Agrárias-CCA, Departamento de Patologia, Cidade Universitária Paulo VI, Caixa Postal 09, São Luís, MA, Brazil. Electronic address: garinofjr@hotmail.com.
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Garino
authors.affiliation: Universidade Estadual do Maranhão (UEMA), Centro de Ciências Exatas e Naturais - CECEN, Departamento de Química e Biologia, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Recursos Aquáticos e Pesca, Cidade Universitária Paulo VI, Caixa Postal 09, São Luís, MA, Brazil. Electronic address: raimundafortes@yahoo.com.br.
authors.forename: R N F
authors.initials: RN
authors.lastname: Carvalho-Neta
authors.affiliation: Universidade Estadual do Maranhão (UEMA), Centro de Ciências Agrárias-CCA, Departamento de Patologia, Cidade Universitária Paulo VI, Caixa Postal 09, São Luís, MA, Brazil. Electronic address: franeidec@yahoo.com.br.
authors.forename: F N
authors.initials: FN
authors.lastname: Costa
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000378:metabolism; D001938:Brazil; D002374:Catalase / Q000378:metabolism*; D004064:Digestive System / Q000201:enzymology; D004784:Environmental Monitoring / Q000379:methods*; D005516:Food Microbiology / Q000592:standards; D005982:Glutathione Transferase / Q000378:metabolism*; D062312:Islands; D010125:Ostreidae / Q000201:enzymology / Q000382:microbiology*; D012621:Seasons; D012758:Shellfish / Q000382:microbiology*
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; D002374:Catalase; D005982:Glutathione Transferase
keywords: Biochemical biomarkers; Bivalve molluscs; Microbiological quality