title: Sequential and Simultaneous Immunization of Rabbits with HIV-1 Envelope Glycoprotein SOSIP.664 Trimers from Clades A, B and C.
abstract: We have investigated the immunogenicity in rabbits of native-like, soluble, recombinant SOSIP.664 trimers based on the env genes of four isolates of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1); specifically BG505 (clade A), B41 (clade B), CZA97 (clade C) and DU422 (clade C). The various trimers were delivered either simultaneously (as a mixture of clade A + B trimers) or sequentially over a 73-week period. Autologous, Tier-2 neutralizing antibody (NAb) responses were generated to the clade A and clade B trimers in the bivalent mixture. When delivered as boosting immunogens to rabbits immunized with the clade A and/or clade B trimers, the clade C trimers also generated autologous Tier-2 NAb responses, the CZA97 trimers doing so more strongly and consistently than the DU422 trimers. The clade C trimers also cross-boosted the pre-existing NAb responses to clade A and B trimers. We observed heterologous Tier-2 NAb responses albeit inconsistently, and with limited overall breath. However, cross-neutralization of the clade A BG505.T332N virus was consistently observed in rabbits immunized only with clade B trimers and then boosted with clade C trimers. The autologous NAbs induced by the BG505, B41 and CZA97 trimers predominantly recognized specific holes in the glycan shields of the cognate virus. The shared location of some of these holes may account for the observed cross-boosting effects and the heterologous neutralization of the BG505.T332N virus. These findings will guide the design of further experiments to determine whether and how multiple Env trimers can together induce more broadly neutralizing antibody responses.
authors.affiliation: Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Weill Medical College of Cornell University, New York, New York, United States of America.
authors.forename: P J
authors.initials: PJ
authors.lastname: Klasse
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, United States of America.
authors.forename: Celia C
authors.initials: CC
authors.lastname: LaBranche
authors.affiliation: Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Weill Medical College of Cornell University, New York, New York, United States of America.
authors.forename: Thomas J
authors.initials: TJ
authors.lastname: Ketas
authors.affiliation: Department of Integrative Structural and Computational Biology, International AIDS Vaccine Initiative (IAVI) Neutralizing Antibody Center and the Collaboration for AIDS Vaccine Discovery (CAVD), The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, California, United States of America.
authors.forename: Gabriel
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Ozorowski
authors.affiliation: Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Weill Medical College of Cornell University, New York, New York, United States of America.
authors.forename: Albert
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Cupo
authors.affiliation: Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Weill Medical College of Cornell University, New York, New York, United States of America.
authors.forename: Pavel
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Pugach
authors.affiliation: Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Weill Medical College of Cornell University, New York, New York, United States of America.
authors.forename: Rajesh P
authors.initials: RP
authors.lastname: Ringe
authors.affiliation: Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Weill Medical College of Cornell University, New York, New York, United States of America.
authors.forename: Michael
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Golabek
authors.affiliation: Department of Integrative Structural and Computational Biology, International AIDS Vaccine Initiative (IAVI) Neutralizing Antibody Center and the Collaboration for AIDS Vaccine Discovery (CAVD), The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, California, United States of America.|Department of Medical Microbiology, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Marit J
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: van Gils
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicinal Chemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States of America.
authors.forename: Miklos
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Guttman
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicinal Chemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States of America.
authors.forename: Kelly K
authors.initials: KK
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.affiliation: Department of Integrative Structural and Computational Biology, International AIDS Vaccine Initiative (IAVI) Neutralizing Antibody Center and the Collaboration for AIDS Vaccine Discovery (CAVD), The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, California, United States of America.|Center for HIV/AIDS Vaccine Immunology and Immunogen Discovery, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, California, United States of America.|The Skaggs Institute for Chemical Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, California, United States of America.
authors.forename: Ian A
authors.initials: IA
authors.lastname: Wilson
authors.affiliation: Center for HIV/AIDS Vaccine Immunology and Immunogen Discovery, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, California, United States of America.
authors.forename: Salvatore T
authors.initials: ST
authors.lastname: Butera
authors.affiliation: Department of Integrative Structural and Computational Biology, International AIDS Vaccine Initiative (IAVI) Neutralizing Antibody Center and the Collaboration for AIDS Vaccine Discovery (CAVD), The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, California, United States of America.|Center for HIV/AIDS Vaccine Immunology and Immunogen Discovery, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, California, United States of America.
authors.forename: Andrew B
authors.initials: AB
authors.lastname: Ward
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, United States of America.
authors.forename: David C
authors.initials: DC
authors.lastname: Montefiori
authors.affiliation: Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Weill Medical College of Cornell University, New York, New York, United States of America.|Department of Medical Microbiology, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Rogier W
authors.initials: RW
authors.lastname: Sanders
authors.affiliation: Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Weill Medical College of Cornell University, New York, New York, United States of America.
authors.forename: John P
authors.initials: JP
authors.lastname: Moore
mesh_terms: D016915:AIDS Vaccines / Q000276:immunology; D000818:Animals; D057134:Antibodies, Neutralizing / Q000276:immunology; D005260:Female; D006023:Glycoproteins / Q000276:immunology; D015483:HIV Antibodies / Q000276:immunology*; D015658:HIV Infections / Q000517:prevention & control* / Q000821:virology; D015497:HIV-1 / Q000276:immunology*; D006801:Humans; D007114:Immunization; D055503:Protein Multimerization; D011817:Rabbits; D011994:Recombinant Proteins; D054299:env Gene Products, Human Immunodeficiency Virus / Q000235:genetics
chemical_list: D016915:AIDS Vaccines; D057134:Antibodies, Neutralizing; D006023:Glycoproteins; D015483:HIV Antibodies; D011994:Recombinant Proteins; D054299:env Gene Products, Human Immunodeficiency Virus