title: An analysis of the entrainment effect of dry debris avalanches on loose bed materials.
abstract: Substrate entrainment can greatly influence the mass movement process of a debris avalanche because it can enlarge the landslide volume and change the motion characteristics of the sliding masses. To study the interaction between debris avalanches and erodible substrate, physical modeling experiments varying in the mass of granular flow and substrate thickness were performed. The experimental results show that both the entrained materials and the maximum erosion depth are increased with increasing mass of the debris avalanche and decreasing substrate thickness. During the experiment, several tests were recorded using a high-speed digital camera with a frequency of 500 frames per second, so that the process of entrainment could be clearly observed. Combined with the experiment result and results of previous studies from predecessors, the entrainment mechanism during debris avalanches are analyzed and discussed. The entrainment effect of the sliding masses on the loose bed materials include basal abrasion and impact erosion of the avalanche front, the latter of which can contribute to the former by failing or yielding the erodible bed.
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Hydraulics and Mountain River Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610065 People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Peng-Yuan
authors.initials: PY
authors.lastname: Lu
authors.affiliation: College of Water Resource and Hydropower, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610065 People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Xing-Guo
authors.initials: XG
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Hydraulics and Mountain River Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610065 People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Fu-Gang
authors.initials: FG
authors.lastname: Xu
authors.affiliation: College of Water Resource and Hydropower, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610065 People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Tian-Xing
authors.initials: TX
authors.lastname: Hou
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Hydraulics and Mountain River Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610065 People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Jia-Wen
authors.identifier: 0000-0002-6817-1071
authors.initials: JW
authors.lastname: Zhou
keywords: Basal abrasion; Debris avalanche; Entrainment mechanism; Impact erosion; Physical modeling test