title: Determination of antifungal susceptibility patterns among the environmental isolates of Aspergillus fumigatus in Iran.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  In recent years, triazole-resistant environmental isolates of Aspergillus fumigatus have emerged in Europe and Asia. Azole resistance has been reported in patients who are treated with long-term azole therapy or exposure of the fungus spores to the azole fungicides used in agriculture. To date, a wide range of mutations in A. fumigatus have been described conferring azole-resistance, which commonly involves modifications in the cyp51A gene. We investigated antifungal susceptibility pattern of environmental isolates of A. fumigatus.
  
  
  METHODS
  In this study, 170 environmental samples collected from indoors surfaces of three hospitals in Iran. It was used β-tubulin gene to confirm the all of A. fumigatus isolates, which was identified by conventional methods. Furthermore, the antifungal susceptibility of itraconazole, voriconazole, and posaconazole was investigated using broth microdilution test, according to European Committee on Antimicrobial Susceptibility testing reference method.
  
  
  RESULTS
  From a total of 158 environmental molds fungi obtained from the hospitals, 58 isolates were identified as A. fumigatus by amplification of expected size of β-tubulin gene (~500 bp). In this study, in vitro antifungal susceptibility testing has shown that there were not high minimum inhibitory concentration values of triazole antifungals in all of the 58 environmental isolates of A. fumigatus.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our findings demonstrated that there was not azole-resistant among environmental isolates of A. fumigatus. Medical triazoles compounds have structural similarity with triazole fungicide compounds in agriculture, therefore, resistance development through exposure to triazole fungicide compounds in the environment is important but it sounds there is not a serious health problem in drug resistance in environmental isolates in Iran.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medical Mycology and Parasitology, School of Hygiene and Institute of Public Health Research, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
authors.forename: Faezeh
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Mohammadi
authors.affiliation: Department of Medical Mycology and Parasitology, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran.
authors.forename: Parvin
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Dehghan
authors.affiliation: Department of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Isfahan Province Health Center, Isfahan, Iran.
authors.forename: Shahram
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Nekoeian
authors.affiliation: Department of Medical Mycology and Parasitology, School of Hygiene and Institute of Public Health Research, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
authors.forename: Seyed Jamal
authors.initials: SJ
authors.lastname: Hashemi
keywords: Azole resistance; cyp51A gene; triazole