title: Surgical and Nonsurgical Treatment of Vascular Skull Base Trauma.
abstract: Vascular trauma is associated with blunt skull base fractures and penetrating injuries. We review the contemporary management of cranial vascular trauma, including blunt and penetrating cerebrovascular injury as well as refractory epistaxis from facial trauma.
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, UC Davis Medical Center, Sacramento, California, United States.
authors.forename: Brian C
authors.initials: BC
authors.lastname: Dahlin
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurosurgery, UC Davis Medical Center, Sacramento, California, United States.
authors.forename: Ben
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Waldau
keywords: blunt cerebrovascular injury; cavernous-carotid fistula; epistaxis; penetrating vascular injury; traumatic aneurysm; vertebral artery dissection