title: Suspensory Materials for Surgery of Blepharoptosis: A Systematic Review of Observational Studies.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Frontalis suspension surgery is considered the procedure of choice in cases of blepharoptosis. Among all the materials used in this type of surgery, ophthalmic and plastic surgeons prefer to use autologous Fascia Lata. However, during years, other autogenous and exogenous materials have been introduced.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  The aim of this study was therefore that of systematically reviewing the functional results and the rate of complications of different synthetic materials, as compared to autogenous Fascia Lata. The primary objective was to determine the rates of Successful Surgeries (SSs) of these materials. The secondary objective was to assess the onset of complications. The following materials were investigated: Fascia Lata, Mersilene, polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) and Silicon.
  
  
  METHODS
  Following the Prisma procedure, on January 30th, 2016 we used the following electronic databases to select the studies: MEDLINE and Scopus.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The search strategy retrieved 48 publications that met the eligibility criteria of the systematic review. All studies were non-comparative. PTFE (n = 5) showed the best rate of SSs among the materials compared (statistically significant). Surgeries performed with autogenous Fascia Lata (n = 19) had a 87% rate of success those performed with Mersilene (n = 12)had 92% and those performed with Silicon (n = 17)88%. PTFE had the best outcome, with 99% success rate. As for complications, surgeries performed with PTFE had a higher rate of suture infections (1.9%) as compared to Fascia Lata, but lower incidence for all other complications.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Although most studies were good quality cohort studies, the overall quality of this evidence should be regarded as low due to their non-comparative design. Our data suggest that PTFE seems to be the most valid alternative material for frontalis suspension surgery, with low recurrence rates and good cosmetic and functional results.
authors.affiliation: Department of Sense Organs, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy.
authors.forename: Elena
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Pacella
authors.affiliation: Department of Public Health and Infectious Diseases, Faculty of Pharmacy and Medicine, Sapienza, University of Rome, Rome, Italy.
authors.forename: Daniele
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Mipatrini
authors.affiliation: Department of Sense Organs, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy.
authors.forename: Fernanda
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Pacella
authors.affiliation: Department of Sense Organs, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy.
authors.forename: Giulia
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Amorelli
authors.affiliation: Department of Sense Organs, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy.
authors.forename: Andrea
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Bottone
authors.affiliation: Department of Sense Organs, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy.
authors.forename: Gianpaolo
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Smaldone
authors.affiliation: National Institute for Health, Migration and Poverty (INMP/NIHMP), Rome, Italy.
authors.forename: Paolo
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Turchetti
authors.affiliation: Department of Public Health and Infectious Diseases, Faculty of Pharmacy and Medicine, Sapienza, University of Rome, Rome, Italy.
authors.forename: Giuseppe
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: La Torre
mesh_terms: D001763:Blepharoptosis / Q000601:surgery*; D006801:Humans; D064887:Observational Studies as Topic; D013508:Ophthalmologic Surgical Procedures / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000295:instrumentation*; D012044:Regression Analysis