title: Dietary silymarin supplementation promotes growth performance and improves lipid metabolism and health status in grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idellus) fed diets with elevated lipid levels.
abstract: This study was carried out to evaluate whether silymarin supplementation influences growth, lipid metabolism, and health status in grass carp fed elevated dietary lipid levels. The juvenile fish (27.43 ± 0.17 g/tail) were fed six isonitrogenous and isocaloric diets in a factorial design containing 0, 100, or 200 mg kg-1silymarin (SM0, SM100, SM200) associated with either 4 or 8 % lipid level (low lipid, LL, and high lipid, HL, respectively) for 82 days. The results showed that both dietary silymarin supplementation and high lipid level significantly enhanced growth performance (WG, SGR), protein efficiency ratio, and feed utilization. Silymarin supplementation significantly reduced the VSI, hepatic lipid content, and the total bilirubin concentration in the serum. The gallbladdersomatic index displayed higher in the SM100 groups than SM200 groups. Serum total cholesterol content exhibited lower in the SM100 groups than SM0 groups. Meanwhile, significant interactions were shown for hepatic gene expression of HSL and CPT1 by two factors, and SM100 group had higher hepatic gene expression of HSL and CPT1 in fish fed with the HL diets. The SM100 groups up-regulated hepatic gene expressions of HMGCR and CYP7A1 compared with the SM0 groups. Silymarin supplementation notably reduced the elevated serum MDA content induced by HL treatments. Thus, silymarin supplementation markedly promoted growth and protein efficiency, suppressed lipid accumulation, and improved health status in grass carp fed with high-lipid diets, which might be associated with its enhancement of lipolysis and β-oxidation, antioxidant capacity.
authors.affiliation: College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A & F University, Yangling, 712100, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Peizhen
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Xiao
authors.affiliation: College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A & F University, Yangling, 712100, People's Republic of China. jihong@nwsuaf.edu.cn.
authors.forename: Hong
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Ji
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of Aquatic Nutrition of Jiangsu Province, School of Biology and Basic Medical Sciences, Soochow University, Soochow, 215123, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Yuantu
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Ye
authors.affiliation: Open Lab for Aquatic Animal Nutrition, Beijing Research Institute for Nutritional Resources, Beijing, 100069, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Baotong
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A & F University, Yangling, 712100, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Yongsheng
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.affiliation: College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A & F University, Yangling, 712100, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Jingjing
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Tian
authors.affiliation: College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A & F University, Yangling, 712100, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Pin
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Aquaculture Nutrition and Environmental Health, School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai, 200241, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Liqiao
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Aquaculture Nutrition and Environmental Health, School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai, 200241, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Zhenyu
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Du
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002334:Carnitine O-Palmitoyltransferase / Q000235:genetics; D002347:Carps / Q000254:growth & development* / Q000378:metabolism*; D002784:Cholesterol / Q000097:blood / Q000378:metabolism; D002790:Cholesterol 7-alpha-Hydroxylase / Q000235:genetics; D059305:Diet, High-Fat; D004041:Dietary Fats / Q000494:pharmacology; D019587:Dietary Supplements; D029941:Fish Proteins / Q000235:genetics; D043143:Hepatopancreas / Q000378:metabolism; D006903:Hydroxymethylglutaryl CoA Reductases / Q000235:genetics; D050356:Lipid Metabolism / Q000187:drug effects; D008099:Liver / Q000378:metabolism; D012838:Silymarin / Q000494:pharmacology*; D002787:Sterol Esterase / Q000235:genetics
chemical_list: D004041:Dietary Fats; D029941:Fish Proteins; D012838:Silymarin; D002784:Cholesterol; D006903:Hydroxymethylglutaryl CoA Reductases; D002790:Cholesterol 7-alpha-Hydroxylase; D002334:Carnitine O-Palmitoyltransferase; D002787:Sterol Esterase
keywords: Dietary high lipid level; Grass carp; Lipid metabolism; Silymarin