title: dl-3-n-Butylphthalide attenuation of methamphetamine-induced neurotoxicity in SH-SY5Y neuroblastoma cells.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Methamphetamine (Meth) abuse causes neural injury in the brain. There are no efficacious therapies available to treat Meth-induce neural injury. The present study intended to test the therapeutic potential of dl-3-n-butylphthalide (NBP), a chemical compound extracted originally from the seeds of Chinese Celery, in the amelioration and prevention of Meth-induced neural injury.
  
  
  METHODS
  Experiments were carried out on SH-SY5Y cells. Neuronal injury and apoptotic cell death were detected by MTT assay and analysis of nuclear morphology. Intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) was evaluated by dichloro-dihydro-fluorescein diacetate (DCFH-DA) assay and protein expression levels of the apoptosis-related cleaved caspase-3, bcl2 and Bax were determined by western blotting.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Treatment of SH-SY5Y cells with Meth induced cell injury and apoptosis. NBP attenuated Meth-associated cell injury and apoptosis via blockage of Meth-mediated upregulation of intracellular ROS production and inhibition of Meth-induced decrease of cleaved caspase-3/caspase-3 and Bcl-2/Bax ratios.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The results presented in this study indicate that NBP may have therapeutic benefits in the treatment of Meth-induced neuronal injury in the central nervous system.
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, the Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University Medical College, Qingdao 266003, China; Department of Neurology, Taian City Central Hospital, Taian 271000, China.
authors.forename: Jun
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Zhao
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Neuroscience, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68105, USA.
authors.forename: Jianuo
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Neuroscience, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68105, USA.
authors.forename: Enquan
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Xu
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, Taian City Central Hospital, Taian 271000, China.
authors.forename: Yunlin
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, the Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University Medical College, Qingdao 266003, China. Electronic address: xieanmu@163.com.
authors.forename: Anmu
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Xie
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Neuroscience, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68105, USA. Electronic address: hxiong@unmc.edu.
authors.forename: Huangui
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Xiong
mesh_terms: D001572:Benzofurans / Q000494:pharmacology*; D045744:Cell Line, Tumor; D006801:Humans; D008694:Methamphetamine / Q000494:pharmacology*; D009447:Neuroblastoma / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology*; D020258:Neurotoxicity Syndromes / Q000209:etiology*; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species / Q000378:metabolism; D015398:Signal Transduction
chemical_list: D001572:Benzofurans; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species; D008694:Methamphetamine; C027125:3-n-butylphthalide
keywords: Methamphetamine; Neuroprotection; Neurotoxicity; dl-3-n-Butylphthalide