title: Lunch eating predicts weight-loss effectiveness in carriers of the common allele at PERILIPIN1: the ONTIME (Obesity, Nutrigenetics, Timing, Mediterranean) study.
abstract: We propose that eating lunch late impairs the mobilization of fat from adipose tissue, particularly in carriers of PERILIPIN1 (PLIN1) variants.
  
  
  
  The aim was to test the hypothesis that PLIN1, a circadian lipid-stabilizing protein in the adipocyte, interacts with the timing of food intake to affect weight loss.
  
  
  
  A total of 1287 overweight and obese subjects [229 men and 1058 women; mean ± SD body mass index (in kg/m2): 31 ± 5] who attended outpatient obesity clinics were enrolled in the ONTIME (Obesity, Nutrigenetics, Timing, Mediterranean) study. Timing of food intake was estimated with a validated questionnaire. Anthropometric variables and PLIN1 genotypes were analyzed, including 6209T>C (rs2289487), 11482G>A (rs894160), 13041A>G (rs2304795), and 14995A>T (rs1052700). The main outcomes were effectiveness of the program and weight-loss progression during 28 wk of treatment.
  
  
  
  The PLIN1 locus was associated with variability in response to a weight-loss program. Specifically, carrying the minor C allele at the PLIN1 6209T>C was associated with better weight-loss response (P = 0.035). The probability of being a better responder [percentage of weight loss ≥7.5% (median)] was 33% higher among C than among TT carriers (OR: 1.32; 95% CI: 1.05, 1.67; P = 0.017). We found an interaction of PLIN1 × food timing between the 14995A>T variant and timing of lunch eating for total weight loss (P = 0.035). Among AA carriers, eating late was associated with less weight loss (P < 0.001), whereas time of eating did not influence weight loss among TT carriers (P = 0.326).
  
  
  
  Variability at the PLIN1 locus is associated with variability in weight loss. Moreover, eating late is related to lower weight-loss effectiveness among carriers of the AA genotype at the PLIN1 14995A>T variant. These results contribute to our ability to implement more precise and successful obesity treatments. The ONTIME study was registered at clinicaltrials.gov as NCT02829619.
authors.affiliation: Chronobiology Laboratory, Department of Physiology, University of Murcia and Research Biomedical Institute of Murcia (IMIB), Murcia, Spain; garaulet@um.es.
authors.forename: Marta
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Garaulet
authors.affiliation: Chronobiology Laboratory, Department of Physiology, University of Murcia and Research Biomedical Institute of Murcia (IMIB), Murcia, Spain.
authors.forename: Beatriz
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Vera
authors.affiliation: Chronobiology Laboratory, Department of Physiology, University of Murcia and Research Biomedical Institute of Murcia (IMIB), Murcia, Spain.
authors.forename: Gemma
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Bonnet-Rubio
authors.affiliation: Chronobiology Laboratory, Department of Physiology, University of Murcia and Research Biomedical Institute of Murcia (IMIB), Murcia, Spain.
authors.forename: Purificación
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Gómez-Abellán
authors.affiliation: Nutrition and Genomics Laboratory, Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging at Tufts University, Boston, MA.
authors.forename: Yu-Chi
authors.initials: YC
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.affiliation: Nutrition and Genomics Laboratory, Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging at Tufts University, Boston, MA; Department of Clinical Investigation, Centro Nacional Investigaciones Cardiovasculares, Madrid, Spain; and Department of Nutritional Genomics, Instituto Madrileno de Estudios Avanzados en Alimentacion, Madrid, Spain.
authors.forename: José M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Ordovás
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000483:Alleles; D015992:Body Mass Index; D002940:Circadian Rhythm; D004034:Diet Surveys; D004038:Diet, Reducing; D004435:Eating; D005247:Feeding Behavior; D005260:Female; D059647:Gene-Environment Interaction; D005838:Genotype; D006801:Humans; D062409:Lunch; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D054647:Nutrigenomics; D009765:Obesity / Q000178:diet therapy / Q000235:genetics*; D050177:Overweight; D000070778:Perilipin-1 / Q000235:genetics*; D020641:Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide; D015397:Program Evaluation; D015431:Weight Loss / Q000235:genetics*; D061217:Weight Reduction Programs
chemical_list: C000602978:PLIN1 protein, human; D000070778:Perilipin-1
keywords: Perilipin; food timing; late eating; obesity; personalized nutrition; weight loss