title: Sweeter and stronger: enhancing sweetness and stability of the single chain monellin MNEI through molecular design.
abstract: Sweet proteins are a family of proteins with no structure or sequence homology, able to elicit a sweet sensation in humans through their interaction with the dimeric T1R2-T1R3 sweet receptor. In particular, monellin and its single chain derivative (MNEI) are among the sweetest proteins known to men. Starting from a careful analysis of the surface electrostatic potentials, we have designed new mutants of MNEI with enhanced sweetness. Then, we have included in the most promising variant the stabilising mutation E23Q, obtaining a construct with enhanced performances, which combines extreme sweetness to high, pH-independent, thermal stability. The resulting mutant, with a sweetness threshold of only 0.28 mg/L (25 nM) is the strongest sweetener known to date. All the new proteins have been produced and purified and the structures of the most powerful mutants have been solved by X-ray crystallography. Docking studies have then confirmed the rationale of their interaction with the human sweet receptor, hinting at a previously unpredicted role of plasticity in said interaction.
authors.affiliation: Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, Università di Napoli Federico II, I-80126, Napoli, Italy.
authors.forename: Serena
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Leone
authors.affiliation: Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, Università di Napoli Federico II, I-80126, Napoli, Italy.
authors.forename: Andrea
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Pica
authors.affiliation: Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, Università di Napoli Federico II, I-80126, Napoli, Italy.
authors.forename: Antonello
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Merlino
authors.affiliation: Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, Università di Napoli Federico II, I-80126, Napoli, Italy.
authors.forename: Filomena
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Sannino
authors.affiliation: Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, Università di Napoli Federico II, I-80126, Napoli, Italy.|Department of Basic and Clinical Neurosciences, King's College London, London SE5 9RX, UK.
authors.forename: Piero Andrea
authors.initials: PA
authors.lastname: Temussi
authors.affiliation: Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, Università di Napoli Federico II, I-80126, Napoli, Italy.
authors.forename: Delia
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Picone