title: Synthesis of stable nanosilver particles (AgNPs) by the proteins of seagrass Syringodium isoetifolium and its biomedicinal properties.
abstract: A simple eco-friendly approach for the hasty synthesis of stable, potent and benign silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) using seagrass, Syringodium isoetifolium was proposed and described here. The UV-Vis, DLS, XRD, AFM, FESEM, EDX and HRTEM analysis highly characterized and confirmed the presence of polydispersed (2-50nm) spherical and stable AgNPs. FT-IR and phytochemical analysis suggested that the proteins act as reducing and also as capping agent. A hypothetical approach using bioinformatics tools revealed that the Phytochrome B protein of S. isoetifolium might be responsible for the biosynthesis of NPs. Furthermore, biosynthesized AgNPs showed magnificent antibacterial activity against thirteen clinical bacterial pathogens with maximum zone of inhibition of 14.3±0.12mm due to their smaller size and longer stability even at minimal nanomolar (nM) concentration. In addition, the MIC and MBC values also suggested the same. Moreover, the percentage of haemolysis (8.49±3.10 to 73.34±1.79%) and haemolytic index revealed the satisfactory biocompatibility of AgNPs that showed less/no haemolysis up to 3nM concentration. Further, the toxicity effect of biosynthesized AgNPs against the brine shrimp, Artemia salina exhibited significantly increasing mortality (13±4.7 to 100%) with LC50value at 4nM concentration. Thus, the optical property, crystal structure, size, shape, stability, bactericidal activity, cytotoxicity, and biocompatibility apparently proved that the biologically synthesized AgNPs have typical properties of nanomaterials.
authors.affiliation: Department of Animal Health and Management, Science Campus, Alagappa University, Karaikudi-630 004, Tamil Nadu, India.
authors.forename: N K
authors.initials: NK
authors.lastname: Ahila
authors.affiliation: Department of Environmental Biotechnology, School of Environmental Sciences, Bharathidasan University, Tiruchirappalli-620 024, Tamil Nadu, India.
authors.forename: V Sri
authors.initials: VS
authors.lastname: Ramkumar
authors.affiliation: Department of Animal Health and Management, Science Campus, Alagappa University, Karaikudi-630 004, Tamil Nadu, India; Department of Biotechnology, Sri Kaliswari College (Autonomous), Sivakasi-626 123, Virudhunagar, Tamilnadu, India. Electronic address: algaprakash@gmail.com.
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Prakash
authors.affiliation: CSIR-National Institute of Oceanography, Biological Oceanography Division, Dona Paula, Goa-403 004, India.
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Manikandan
authors.affiliation: CSIR-National Institute of Oceanography, Biological Oceanography Division, Dona Paula, Goa-403 004, India.
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Ravindran
authors.affiliation: Centre for Advanced Studies in Botany, University of Madras, Maraimalai Campus, Guindy, Chennai-600 025, Tamil Nadu, India.
authors.forename: P K
authors.initials: PK
authors.lastname: Dhanalakshmi
authors.affiliation: Department of Animal Health and Management, Science Campus, Alagappa University, Karaikudi-630 004, Tamil Nadu, India. Electronic address: ekannapiran@gmail.com.
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Kannapiran
mesh_terms: D035961:Alismatales; D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents / Q000138:chemical synthesis / Q000494:pharmacology; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D006461:Hemolysis / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology; D053878:Hemolytic Agents / Q000494:pharmacology; D006801:Humans; D053768:Metal Nanoparticles / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000737:chemistry*; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000138:chemical synthesis* / Q000494:pharmacology; D010940:Plant Proteins / Q000138:chemical synthesis* / Q000494:pharmacology; D010946:Plants, Medicinal; D017433:Protein Structure, Secondary; D012834:Silver / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000494:pharmacology; D014961:X-Ray Diffraction
chemical_list: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents; D053878:Hemolytic Agents; D010936:Plant Extracts; D010940:Plant Proteins; D012834:Silver
keywords: AgNPs; Antibacterial activity; Cytotoxicity; Haemolysis; Phytochrome-B; Seagrasses; Syringodium isoetifolium