title: A Biopsychosocial Approach to Risk and Resilience on Behavior in Children Followed from Birth to Age 12.
abstract: An increasing prevalence of mental health problems calls for more knowledge into factors associated with resilience. The present study used multiple statistical methodologies to examine a biopsychosocial model of risk and resilience on preadolescence behavior. Data from 889 children and mothers from a birth cohort were used. An adversity score was created by combining maternal symptoms of depression, psychosocial risk and children's experiences of life events. The proposed resilience factors investigated were candidate genetic polymorphisms, child temperament, social functioning, and maternal sense of coherence. The l/l genotype of the serotonin transporter linked polymorphic region was associated with lower internalizing scores, but not mainly related to the level of adversity. An easy temperament was associated with resilience for children exposed to high adversity. Social functioning was found to be promotive independent of the risk level. The results support a multiple-level model of resilience indicating effects, though small, of both biological and psychosocial factors.
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Health Sciences, Division of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, IKE, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Linköping University, 581 85, Linköping, Sweden. sara.agnafors@liu.se.
authors.forename: Sara
authors.identifier: 0000-0002-6760-7902
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Agnafors
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Health Sciences, Division of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, IKE, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Linköping University, 581 85, Linköping, Sweden.
authors.forename: Carl Göran
authors.initials: CG
authors.lastname: Svedin
authors.affiliation: Department of Neuroscience, Uppsala University, 751 24, Uppsala, Sweden.
authors.forename: Lars
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Oreland
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Health Sciences, Division of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Linköping University, 581 85, Linköping, Sweden.
authors.forename: Marie
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Bladh
authors.affiliation: Department of Neuroscience, Uppsala University, 751 24, Uppsala, Sweden.
authors.forename: Erika
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Comasco
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Health Sciences, Division of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Linköping University, 581 85, Linköping, Sweden.
authors.forename: Gunilla
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Sydsjö
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D002648:Child; D002652:Child Behavior; D002675:Child, Preschool; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D005838:Genotype; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D008297:Male; D009035:Mothers / Q000523:psychology; D055500:Resilience, Psychological; D012307:Risk Factors; D060685:Sense of Coherence; D012919:Social Behavior; D013315:Stress, Psychological / Q000453:epidemiology*; D013548:Sweden / Q000453:epidemiology; D013694:Temperament / Q000502:physiology*
keywords: Child; Genotype; Longitudinal; Mental health; Resilience