title: Lateral flow immunoassay with upconverting nanoparticle-based detection for indirect measurement of interferon response by the level of MxA.
abstract: Myxovirus resistance protein A (MxA) is a biomarker of interferon-induced gene expression state involved in many viral infections and some autoimmune disorders. It has a variety of potential utilities in clinical diagnostics, including distinguishing between bacterial and viral infections. Currently, MxA-assays are used for monitoring of IFN-β therapy in multiple sclerosis (MS) patients. As a proof-of-concept for rapid quantitative measurement of interferon response, a lateral flow immunoassay (LFIA) with upconverting nanoparticle (UCNP) reporters was developed and evaluated with clinical whole blood samples to assess the potential for a rapid and user-friendly quantitative assay for MxA, since the currently available rapid test for MxA (FebriDX) produces only qualitative result. The high detection sensitivity enabled by the UCNP reporter technology allowed the sample pre-treatment with dilution of whole blood into lysis buffer at a detectable analyte concentration. The assay can be done within 2 hr and the results correlate with the reference MxA-ELISA, which requires an overnight incubation. With 36 samples, R2for linear regression was 0.86. The assay detected 96% of the IFN-β responders with 89% specificity using a cut-off level of 100 μg/L for an elevated MxA-concentration. J. Med. Virol. 89:598-605, 2017. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biotechnology, University of Turku, Turku, Finland.
authors.forename: Etvi
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Juntunen
authors.affiliation: Department of Biotechnology, University of Turku, Turku, Finland.
authors.forename: Teppo
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Salminen
authors.affiliation: Department of Biotechnology, University of Turku, Turku, Finland.
authors.forename: Sheikh M
authors.initials: SM
authors.lastname: Talha
authors.affiliation: Department of Biotechnology, University of Turku, Turku, Finland.
authors.forename: Iida
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Martiskainen
authors.affiliation: Department of Biotechnology, University of Turku, Turku, Finland.
authors.forename: Tero
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Soukka
authors.affiliation: Department of Biotechnology, University of Turku, Turku, Finland.
authors.forename: Kim
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Pettersson
authors.affiliation: Department of Virology, University of Turku, Turku, Finland.|Department of Clinical Virology, Division of Microbiology and Genetics, Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland.
authors.forename: Matti
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Waris
mesh_terms: D002846:Chromatography, Affinity / Q000379:methods*; D016903:Drug Monitoring / Q000379:methods*; D006801:Humans; D016899:Interferon-beta / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D064547:Myxovirus Resistance Proteins / Q000097:blood*; D053758:Nanoparticles / Q000378:metabolism*; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D013997:Time Factors
chemical_list: C579071:MX1 protein, human; D064547:Myxovirus Resistance Proteins; D016899:Interferon-beta
keywords: MxA; immunoassay; interferon; lateral flow; upconversion; whole-blood