title: Synovial fluid adipokines are associated with clinical severity in knee osteoarthritis: a cross-sectional study in female patients with joint effusion.
abstract: Adipokines are related to knee osteoarthritis, but their exact role is not well known. The aim of this study was to evaluate the association between adipokines in synovial fluid and clinical severity in patients with knee osteoarthritis with joint effusion.
  
  
  
  Cross-sectional study with systematic inclusion of female patients with symptomatic primary knee osteoarthritis with ultrasound-confirmed joint effusion. Age, physical exercise, knee osteoarthritis symptoms duration, classical cardiovascular risk factors and different anthropometric measurements were collected. Metabolic syndrome was defined in accordance to National Cholesterol Education Program-Adult Treatment Panel III. Radiographic severity was evaluated according to Kellgren-Lawrence scale and Lequesne index was used to assess clinical severity. Seven adipokines (leptin, adiponectin, resistin, visfatin, osteopontin, omentin and chemerin) and three inflammatory markers (tumor necrosis factor α, interleukin 6 and high sensitivity C-reactive protein) were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay in synovial fluid.
  
  
  
  Kellgren-Lawrence grade, physical exercise, all anthropometric measurements (especially waist circumference), tumor necrosis factor α, and high levels of leptin, resistin, and ostepontin were related to knee osteoarthritis severity. After adjustment for clinical confounders (age, symptom duration, and radiology), anthropometric measurements, inflammatory markers, and all evaluated adipokines, there were independent associations with clinical severity for resistin (directly associated) and visfatin (inversely associated). No other adipokines or inflammatory markers were independently associated with Lequesne index. The association of radiological parameters, physical exercise, and waist circumference with Lequesne index remained after adjustment.
  
  
  
  Resistin was directly associated, and visfatin was inversely associated, with clinical severity in female patients with knee osteoarthritis with joint effusion. These associations were more important after adjustment for confounders, especially when all adipokines were evaluated.
authors.affiliation: Rheumatology Department, Parc Tauli Sabadell University Hospital, Institute for Research and Innovation Parc Tauli (I3PT), Universitat Autónoma de Barcelona (UAB), 08208, Sabadell, Spain. joan.calvet.fontova@gmail.com.|Departament de Medicina, Universitat Autónoma de Barcelona (UAB), 08003, Barcelona, Spain. joan.calvet.fontova@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Joan
authors.identifier: 0000-0002-0888-5152
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Calvet
authors.affiliation: Rheumatology Department, Parc Tauli Sabadell University Hospital, Institute for Research and Innovation Parc Tauli (I3PT), Universitat Autónoma de Barcelona (UAB), 08208, Sabadell, Spain.
authors.forename: Cristóbal
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Orellana
authors.affiliation: Rheumatology Department, Parc Tauli Sabadell University Hospital, Institute for Research and Innovation Parc Tauli (I3PT), Universitat Autónoma de Barcelona (UAB), 08208, Sabadell, Spain.|Departament de Medicina, Universitat Autónoma de Barcelona (UAB), 08003, Barcelona, Spain.
authors.forename: Jordi
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Gratacós
authors.affiliation: Biostatistics and Bioinformatics Unit, Institute for Research in Biomedicine Barcelona (IRB Barcelona), 08028, Barcelona, Spain.
authors.forename: Antoni
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Berenguer-Llergo
authors.affiliation: Endocrinology and Nutrition Department, Parc Tauli Sabadell University Hospital, Institute for Research and Innovation Parc Tauli (I3PT), Universitat Autónoma de Barcelona (UAB), 08208, Sabadell, Spain.
authors.forename: Assumpta
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Caixàs
authors.affiliation: Departament de Medicina, Universitat Autónoma de Barcelona (UAB), 08003, Barcelona, Spain.|Endocrinology and Nutrition Department, Hospital del Mar, 08003, Barcelona, Spain.
authors.forename: Juan José
authors.initials: JJ
authors.lastname: Chillarón
authors.affiliation: Departament de Medicina, Universitat Autónoma de Barcelona (UAB), 08003, Barcelona, Spain.|Endocrinology and Nutrition Department, Hospital del Mar, 08003, Barcelona, Spain.
authors.forename: Juan
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Pedro-Botet
authors.affiliation: Rheumatology Department, Parc Tauli Sabadell University Hospital, Institute for Research and Innovation Parc Tauli (I3PT), Universitat Autónoma de Barcelona (UAB), 08208, Sabadell, Spain.
authors.forename: María
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: García-Manrique
authors.affiliation: Rheumatology Department, Parc Tauli Sabadell University Hospital, Institute for Research and Innovation Parc Tauli (I3PT), Universitat Autónoma de Barcelona (UAB), 08208, Sabadell, Spain.
authors.forename: Noemí
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Navarro
authors.affiliation: Rheumatology Department, Parc Tauli Sabadell University Hospital, Institute for Research and Innovation Parc Tauli (I3PT), Universitat Autónoma de Barcelona (UAB), 08208, Sabadell, Spain.
authors.forename: Marta
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Larrosa
mesh_terms: D054392:Adipokines / Q000032:analysis / Q000096:biosynthesis*; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D004797:Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008875:Middle Aged; D020370:Osteoarthritis, Knee / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology*; D013582:Synovial Fluid / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D054392:Adipokines
keywords: Adipokines; Clinical severity; Inflammation; Knee osteoarthritis; Synovial fluid