title: Chronic neck pain and anxiety-depression: prevalence and associated risk factors.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Chronic pain in rheumatology often has a psychic impact, which may aggravate the daily life of patients. Chronic neck pain, as an example, is a frequent reason for consultation. The aim of this study is to assess the prevalence of anxiety and depression in patients with neck pain, and identify risk factors associated with their occurrence.
  
  
  METHODS
  It was a cross-sectional study that concerned 80 patients with neck pain lasting for more than 3 months, seen in rheumatology consultations. All patients with symptomatic neck pain or psychological history or receiving psychotropic medication were excluded from the study. For each patient, we determined the sociodemographic characteristics and clinical ones. The anxious and depressed mood was assessed by the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HAD).
  
  
  RESULTS
  Of the 80 patients, 67 (83.8%) were women. Average age of our population was 51.8± 11.8 years. Median duration of symptoms was 24 months [12, 48]. Mean VAS pain was 63.9% ± 12.5, mean VAS functional discomfort was 60.9% ± 14.2 and mean VAS disability was 59.8% ± 14.7. 32 patients (40%) were illiterate and 18 (22.5%) had university level. Anxiety was found in 54 (68.4%) and 44 (55.7%) patients were depressed. In univariate analysis, VAS disability was statistically linked to anxiety (OR:1.05; 95%CI: 1.01-1.08; p = 0.02). The cervicobrachial neuralgia (CBN) was significantly associated with depression (OR: 3.33; 95%CI: 1.20-9.23; p = 0.02). Primary education level had a statistically significant relationship with anxiety (OR: 6.00; 95%CI: 1.03-34.84; p = 0.04) and depression (OR: 5.00; 95%CI: 1.09-22.82; p = 0.03). In multivariate analysis, VAS disability and CBN were independently associated with anxiety and depression respectively.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This study underlines the fact that anxiety and depression are prevalent in chronic neck pain (CNP) patients. Furthermore, disability and CBN which are linked to CNP can predict which patient is at higher risk of psychological distress.
authors.affiliation: Rheumatology Departement, El Ayachi Hospital, Ibn Sina University hospital, Sale, Morocco.
authors.forename: Imane
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Elbinoune
authors.affiliation: Rheumatology Departement, El Ayachi Hospital, Ibn Sina University hospital, Sale, Morocco; Laboratory of Biostatistics, Clinical and Epidemiological Research (LBRCE), Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ibn Sina University Hospital, Rabat, Morocco; LIPROS-URAC30, Mohammed V Souissi University, Rabat, Morocco.
authors.forename: Bouchra
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Amine
authors.affiliation: Rheumatology Departement, El Ayachi Hospital, Ibn Sina University hospital, Sale, Morocco.
authors.forename: Siham
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Shyen
authors.affiliation: Rheumatology Departement, El Ayachi Hospital, Ibn Sina University hospital, Sale, Morocco.
authors.forename: Sanae
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Gueddari
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Biostatistics, Clinical and Epidemiological Research (LBRCE), Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ibn Sina University Hospital, Rabat, Morocco.
authors.forename: Redouane
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Abouqal
authors.affiliation: Rheumatology Departement, El Ayachi Hospital, Ibn Sina University hospital, Sale, Morocco; Laboratory of Biostatistics, Clinical and Epidemiological Research (LBRCE), Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ibn Sina University Hospital, Rabat, Morocco; LIPROS-URAC30, Mohammed V Souissi University, Rabat, Morocco.
authors.forename: Najia
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Hajjaj-Hassouni
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001007:Anxiety / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000209:etiology; D059350:Chronic Pain / Q000523:psychology*; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D003863:Depression / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000209:etiology; D004185:Disability Evaluation; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D015999:Multivariate Analysis; D019547:Neck Pain / Q000523:psychology*; D010147:Pain Measurement; D015995:Prevalence; D011569:Psychiatric Status Rating Scales; D012307:Risk Factors
keywords: Chronic neck pain; HAD; anxiety; depression