title: Construction and demolition waste generation rates for high-rise buildings in Malaysia.
abstract: Construction and demolition waste continues to sharply increase in step with the economic growth of less developed countries. Though the construction industry is large, it is composed of small firms with individual waste management practices, often leading to the deleterious environmental outcomes. Quantifying construction and demolition waste generation allows policy makers and stakeholders to understand the true internal and external costs of construction, providing a necessary foundation for waste management planning that may overcome deleterious environmental outcomes and may be both economically and environmentally optimal. This study offers a theoretical method for estimating the construction and demolition project waste generation rate by utilising available data, including waste disposal truck size and number, and waste volume and composition. This method is proposed as a less burdensome and more broadly applicable alternative, in contrast to waste estimation by on-site hand sorting and weighing. The developed method is applied to 11 projects across Malaysia as the case study. This study quantifies waste generation rate and illustrates the construction method in influencing the waste generation rate, estimating that the conventional construction method has a waste generation rate of 9.88 t 100 m-2, the mixed-construction method has a waste generation rate of 3.29 t 100 m-2, and demolition projects have a waste generation rate of 104.28 t 100 m-2.
authors.affiliation: Solid Waste Management Research Center, Graduate School of Environmental and Life Science, Okayama University, Okayama, Japan mahchooimei@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Chooi Mei
authors.initials: CM
authors.lastname: Mah
authors.affiliation: Solid Waste Management Research Center, Graduate School of Environmental and Life Science, Okayama University, Okayama, Japan.
authors.forename: Takeshi
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Fujiwara
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Built Environment, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Malaysia.
authors.forename: Chin Siong
authors.initials: CS
authors.lastname: Ho
mesh_terms: D060389:Construction Industry / Q000379:methods* / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D003252:Construction Materials; D008296:Malaysia; D008670:Metals; D062611:Solid Waste / Q000032:analysis / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D018505:Waste Management / Q000191:economics / Q000379:methods / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D014866:Waste Products / Q000706:statistics & numerical data
chemical_list: D008670:Metals; D062611:Solid Waste; D014866:Waste Products
keywords: Construction and demolition waste; estimation tool; high-rise development; waste composition; waste generation rate; waste quantification