title: Growth Arrest Specific 6 Concentration is Increased in the Cerebrospinal Fluid of Patients with Alzheimer's Disease.
abstract: Growth arrest specific 6 (Gas6) has neurotrophic and neuroinflammatory functions, and may play a role in Alzheimer's disease (AD). In keeping with this hypothesis, we observed that cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) Gas6 is increased in AD patients compared to controls (63 versus 67 subjects; median value 13.3 versus 9.1 ng/ml; p < 0.0001). Thereafter, we assessed whether CSF Gas6 concentration was correlated to the following parameters: disease duration, MMSE score two years after clinical diagnosis, AD CSF biomarkers, and years of formal schooling. We detected an inverse correlation between CSF Gas6 levels at diagnosis and both disease duration (p < 0.0001) and decrease in the MMSE score two years later (p < 0.0001). Conversely, we found no correlation between CSF Gas6 and both AD biomarkers and years of formal schooling. In conclusion, our results suggest that upregulation of CSF Gas6 may be part of a defensive response aimed at counteracting AD progression.
authors.affiliation: Interdisciplinary Research Center of Autoimmune Diseases (IRCAD), University of Piemonte Orientale, Novara, Italy.|Immuno-Rheumatology Unit, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria Maggiore della Carità, Novara, Italy.
authors.forename: Pier Paolo
authors.initials: PP
authors.lastname: Sainaghi
authors.affiliation: Immuno-Rheumatology Unit, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria Maggiore della Carità, Novara, Italy.|Department of Translational Medicine, Internal Medicine, University of Piemonte Orientale, Novara, Italy.
authors.forename: Mattia
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Bellan
authors.affiliation: Department Molecular Neurogenetics, Center for Molecular Neurobiology (ZMNH), University of Hamburg Medical Center (UKE), Hamburg, Germany.
authors.forename: Franco
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Lombino
authors.affiliation: Department of Translational Medicine, Internal Medicine, University of Piemonte Orientale, Novara, Italy.
authors.forename: Federica
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Alciato
authors.affiliation: Department of Translational Medicine, Neurology Unit, University of Piemonte Orientale, Novara, Italy.
authors.forename: Miryam
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Carecchio
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, Neurology Unit, University of Milan, Fondazione Ca' Granda, IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico, Milan, Italy.
authors.forename: Daniela
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Galimberti
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, Neurology Unit, University of Milan, Fondazione Ca' Granda, IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico, Milan, Italy.
authors.forename: Chiara
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Fenoglio
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, Neurology Unit, University of Milan, Fondazione Ca' Granda, IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico, Milan, Italy.
authors.forename: Elio
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Scarpini
authors.affiliation: Interdisciplinary Research Center of Autoimmune Diseases (IRCAD), University of Piemonte Orientale, Novara, Italy.|Department of Translational Medicine, Neurology Unit, University of Piemonte Orientale, Novara, Italy.
authors.forename: Roberto
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Cantello
authors.affiliation: Interdisciplinary Research Center of Autoimmune Diseases (IRCAD), University of Piemonte Orientale, Novara, Italy.|Immuno-Rheumatology Unit, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria Maggiore della Carità, Novara, Italy.
authors.forename: Mario
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Pirisi
authors.affiliation: Interdisciplinary Research Center of Autoimmune Diseases (IRCAD), University of Piemonte Orientale, Novara, Italy.|Department of Translational Medicine, Neurology Unit, University of Piemonte Orientale, Novara, Italy.
authors.forename: Cristoforo
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Comi
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000544:Alzheimer Disease / Q000134:cerebrospinal fluid*; D016229:Amyloid beta-Peptides / Q000134:cerebrospinal fluid; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000134:cerebrospinal fluid; D018450:Disease Progression; D004522:Educational Status; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D036341:Intercellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins / Q000134:cerebrospinal fluid*; D008297:Male; D000073216:Mental Status and Dementia Tests; D008875:Middle Aged; D010446:Peptide Fragments / Q000134:cerebrospinal fluid; D016875:tau Proteins / Q000134:cerebrospinal fluid; D000099255:Growth Arrest-Specific Protein 6
chemical_list: D016229:Amyloid beta-Peptides; D015415:Biomarkers; D036341:Intercellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins; D010446:Peptide Fragments; D016875:tau Proteins; D000099255:Growth Arrest-Specific Protein 6; C054369:MAPT protein, human; C075222:amyloid beta-protein (1-42)
keywords: Dementia; disease progression; inflammation; neuroprotection