title: Discovery and Characterization of the Highly Active Fungal Immunomodulatory Protein Fip-vvo82.
abstract: Volvaria volvacea (Bull. ex Fr.) Sing, an important edible and medicinal macro-fungus, has been used to remedy various diseases for hundreds of years in East Asia. To identify key proteins with the unique therapeutic activity in V. volvacea, we conducted a genomewide comparison of V. volvacea protein families and those of other edible fungi that lack therapeutic functions and identified seven fungal immunomodulatory proteins (FIPs) in V. volvacea. On the basis of the predicted physiological and biochemical characteristics of the seven FIPs, the novel Fip-vvo82 was inferred to have high immunomodulatory activity; this was confirmed by molecular and immunological experiments and further characterized by modeling the three-dimensional structure and protein-protein docking. This is the first study to show that V. volvacea has more than one FIP.
authors.affiliation: National Engineering Research Center of Edible Fungi; Key Laboratory of Applied Mycological Resources and Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Agricultural Genetics and Breeding; Institute of Edible Fungi, Shanghai Academy of Agriculture Science , Shanghai 201403, China.
authors.forename: Ying
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: National Engineering Research Center of Edible Fungi; Key Laboratory of Applied Mycological Resources and Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Agricultural Genetics and Breeding; Institute of Edible Fungi, Shanghai Academy of Agriculture Science , Shanghai 201403, China.
authors.forename: Ying
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Wa Ng
authors.affiliation: National Engineering Research Center of Edible Fungi; Key Laboratory of Applied Mycological Resources and Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Agricultural Genetics and Breeding; Institute of Edible Fungi, Shanghai Academy of Agriculture Science , Shanghai 201403, China.
authors.forename: Yingnv
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Gao
authors.affiliation: National Engineering Research Center of Edible Fungi; Key Laboratory of Applied Mycological Resources and Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Agricultural Genetics and Breeding; Institute of Edible Fungi, Shanghai Academy of Agriculture Science , Shanghai 201403, China.
authors.forename: Yan
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: National Engineering Research Center of Edible Fungi; Key Laboratory of Applied Mycological Resources and Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Agricultural Genetics and Breeding; Institute of Edible Fungi, Shanghai Academy of Agriculture Science , Shanghai 201403, China.
authors.forename: Jia-Ning
authors.initials: JN
authors.lastname: Wan
authors.affiliation: National Engineering Research Center of Edible Fungi; Key Laboratory of Applied Mycological Resources and Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Agricultural Genetics and Breeding; Institute of Edible Fungi, Shanghai Academy of Agriculture Science , Shanghai 201403, China.
authors.forename: Rui-Heng
authors.initials: RH
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.affiliation: National Engineering Research Center of Edible Fungi; Key Laboratory of Applied Mycological Resources and Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Agricultural Genetics and Breeding; Institute of Edible Fungi, Shanghai Academy of Agriculture Science , Shanghai 201403, China.
authors.forename: Wen-Jun
authors.initials: WJ
authors.lastname: Mao
authors.affiliation: National Engineering Research Center of Edible Fungi; Key Laboratory of Applied Mycological Resources and Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Agricultural Genetics and Breeding; Institute of Edible Fungi, Shanghai Academy of Agriculture Science , Shanghai 201403, China.
authors.forename: Chen-Li
authors.initials: CL
authors.lastname: Zhou
authors.affiliation: National Engineering Research Center of Edible Fungi; Key Laboratory of Applied Mycological Resources and Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Agricultural Genetics and Breeding; Institute of Edible Fungi, Shanghai Academy of Agriculture Science , Shanghai 201403, China.
authors.forename: Li-Hua
authors.initials: LH
authors.lastname: Tang
authors.affiliation: National Engineering Research Center of Edible Fungi; Key Laboratory of Applied Mycological Resources and Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Agricultural Genetics and Breeding; Institute of Edible Fungi, Shanghai Academy of Agriculture Science , Shanghai 201403, China.
authors.forename: Ming
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Gong
authors.affiliation: National Engineering Research Center of Edible Fungi; Key Laboratory of Applied Mycological Resources and Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Agricultural Genetics and Breeding; Institute of Edible Fungi, Shanghai Academy of Agriculture Science , Shanghai 201403, China.
authors.forename: Ying-Ying
authors.initials: YY
authors.lastname: Wu
authors.affiliation: National Engineering Research Center of Edible Fungi; Key Laboratory of Applied Mycological Resources and Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Agricultural Genetics and Breeding; Institute of Edible Fungi, Shanghai Academy of Agriculture Science , Shanghai 201403, China.
authors.forename: Da-Peng
authors.initials: DP
authors.lastname: Bao
mesh_terms: D055808:Drug Discovery; D005656:Fungal Proteins / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000235:genetics / Q000494:pharmacology*; D005658:Fungi / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000235:genetics; D016681:Genome, Fungal; D006801:Humans; D007155:Immunologic Factors / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000235:genetics / Q000494:pharmacology*; D007376:Interleukin-2 / Q000276:immunology; D019169:Jurkat Cells; D008958:Models, Molecular; D010802:Phylogeny
chemical_list: D005656:Fungal Proteins; D007155:Immunologic Factors; D007376:Interleukin-2