title: Autoimmune hemolytic anemia (AIHA) associated with chronic lymphocytic leukemia in the current era of targeted therapy.
abstract: In the past decade the introduction of targeted therapies has dramatically transformed the landscape of treatment for chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL). Whether this new therapeutic scenario will modify the current prevalence statistics and natural history of autoimmune cytopenias complicating CLL is still a matter of debate. Here we present a comprehensive review of the literature on this topic, with special emphasis on the incidence of autoimmune hemolytic anemia (AIHA). The potential to induce autoimmune cytopenia has been studied mostly with ibrutinib, a first- in-class bruton kinase (BTK) inhibitor, licensed for the treatment of relapsed/refractory high-risk CLL. Recent observations suggest that emergent AIHA occurring during therapy with ibrutinib is more an expression of CLL activity than an ibrutinib-mediated process. Since available information on AIHA occurring during and after therapy with small-molecule kinase inhibitors relies mainly on data collected from clinical trials, a close post- marketing surveillance is mandatory in order to improve our understanding of this topic.
authors.affiliation: Department Hematology-Oncology, Azienda Ospedaliera Pugliese-Ciaccio, Catanzaro, Italy. Electronic address: smolica@libero.it.
authors.forename: Stefano
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Molica
authors.affiliation: Department Hematology, Hadassah University Hospital and Hebrew University Medical School, Jerusalem, Israel.
authors.forename: Aaron
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Polliack
mesh_terms: D000225:Adenine / Q000031:analogs & derivatives; D000744:Anemia, Hemolytic, Autoimmune / Q000188:drug therapy*; D006801:Humans; D015451:Leukemia, Lymphocytic, Chronic, B-Cell / Q000150:complications* / Q000188:drug therapy*; D058990:Molecular Targeted Therapy / Q000379:methods; D010880:Piperidines; D047428:Protein Kinase Inhibitors / Q000627:therapeutic use; D011720:Pyrazoles / Q000627:therapeutic use; D011743:Pyrimidines / Q000627:therapeutic use
chemical_list: D010880:Piperidines; D047428:Protein Kinase Inhibitors; D011720:Pyrazoles; D011743:Pyrimidines; C551803:ibrutinib; D000225:Adenine
keywords: AIHA; Auto-immune hemolytic anemia; CLL; Chronic lymphocytic leukemia; Targeted therapy,