title: Identification of Small Peptides of Acidic Collagen Extracts from Silver Carp Skin and Their Therapeutic Relevance.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Low-temperature techniques that prevent protein denaturation are being used to extract collagen from fish skin for cosmetic purposes. These extracts contain collagen with its triple helix structure preserved, as well as a number of other proteins.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  The aim of the study was to investigate collagen extracts from the skin of silver carp for the presence of small-molecule peptides.
  
  
  METHODS
  Liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (HPLC-MS) was performed to analyze collagen extracts from silver carp skin for the presence of small-molecule peptides.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A large number of different peptides were detected in the silver carp skin collagen extracts analyzed. Among the smaller peptides, the most abundant were those of 7-29 aminoacids originating from the following proteins: collagen Iα1, collagen Iα2, collagen Iα3, collagen VIα3, decorin, lumican, histone H2A, histone H2B and histone H4.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The study demonstrated that, in addition to high-molecular-weight collagen proteins, acidic collagen extracts acquired from the skin of silver carp at temperatures up to 16°C also contain considerable amounts of small 7-29 amino-acid peptides. The application of these peptides could therefore be expected to result in beneficial clinical effects in patients in need of reconstructive treatment.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Human Physiology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Medical University of Gdańsk, Poland.
authors.forename: Diana
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Wojtkowiak
authors.affiliation: Institute of Human Physiology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Medical University of Gdańsk, Poland.
authors.forename: Andrzej F
authors.initials: AF
authors.lastname: Frydrychowski
authors.affiliation: Department of Oral Surgery, Wroclaw Medical University, Poland.
authors.forename: Jakub
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Hadzik
authors.affiliation: Department of Oral Surgery, Wroclaw Medical University, Poland.
authors.forename: Marzena
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Dominiak
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002347:Carps / Q000378:metabolism*; D002851:Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; D003094:Collagen / Q000737:chemistry / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D058575:Decorin / Q000302:isolation & purification; D029941:Fish Proteins / Q000737:chemistry / Q000302:isolation & purification* / Q000494:pharmacology; D006657:Histones / Q000302:isolation & purification; D006863:Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; D000071234:Lumican / Q000302:isolation & purification; D000072756:Protein Conformation, alpha-Helical; D011489:Protein Denaturation; D040901:Proteomics / Q000379:methods; D012867:Skin / Q000737:chemistry*; D013056:Spectrophotometry, Ultraviolet; D013329:Structure-Activity Relationship; D053719:Tandem Mass Spectrometry; D013696:Temperature
chemical_list: D058575:Decorin; D029941:Fish Proteins; D006657:Histones; D000071234:Lumican; D003094:Collagen
keywords: HPLC-MS/MS; collagen; histones; matrikines; silver carp skin peptides