title: Impact of early childhood trauma on retention and phase advancement in an outpatient buprenorphine treatment program.
abstract: Early adverse life events such as childhood trauma have been linked to development of substance use disorders. The prevalence and impact on treatment of early childhood trauma in opioid-dependent individuals has received limited research attention. The present study examined reported childhood trauma and its relation to retention and adherence in an outpatient buprenorphine treatment program.
  
  
  
  Medical records of individuals who completed childhood trauma questionnaire (CTQ) were reviewed to extract baseline data and demographics (N = 113). Total and subscale CTQ scores were dichotomized to low versus moderate-severe levels of trauma. Treatment course evaluation was based on successful phase advancement and retention in treatment during the first 90 days. Logistic regression models were used to examine associations between CTQ subscales and total score and the two outcomes adjusting for covariates.
  
  
  
  Moderate-severe trauma defined by total CTQ score was present in 16% of participants. Logistic regression models showed significant associations between physical and emotional neglect and drop out after adjusting for covariates. Individuals who had never married and those with positive admission urine drug screen for opiates associated significantly with drop out.
  
  
  
  The results from a convenience sample participating in a university-based buprenorphine treatment program demonstrated significant association between self-reported early childhood trauma and retention during the first 90 days. These findings suggest that addressing early trauma could potentially improve adherence rates leading to reduced disease burden. This study extends the knowledge base on potential predictive factors associated with successful participation in outpatient buprenorphine treatment. (Am J Addict 2016;25:542-548).
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, Arkansas. nkumar@uams.edu.
authors.forename: Nihit
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Kumar
authors.affiliation: Departments of Psychiatry, Obstetrics and Gynecology, and Pediatrics, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, Arkansas.
authors.forename: Zachary N
authors.initials: ZN
authors.lastname: Stowe
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, Arkansas.
authors.forename: Xiaotong
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Han
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, Arkansas.
authors.forename: Michael J
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Mancino
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000553:Ambulatory Care / Q000523:psychology; D000701:Analgesics, Opioid / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D002047:Buprenorphine / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D002648:Child; D002649:Child Abuse / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000523:psychology* / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008016:Life Change Events; D016015:Logistic Models; D008297:Male; D058850:Opiate Substitution Treatment / Q000523:psychology*; D009293:Opioid-Related Disorders / Q000523:psychology / Q000534:rehabilitation*; D010349:Patient Compliance / Q000523:psychology*; D010352:Patient Dropouts / Q000523:psychology; D015995:Prevalence; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D057566:Self Report; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D000701:Analgesics, Opioid; D002047:Buprenorphine