title: Solanum nigrum Suppress Angiogenesis-Mediated Tumor Growth Through Inhibition of the AKT/mTOR Pathway.
abstract: Solanum nigrum L., an edible plant and local dish, has been assigned anticancer activities. However, the anticancer mechanisms of S. nigrum are poorly understood. Here, we investigated whether the water or polyphenol extracts of S. nigrum (SNWE or SNPE) could inhibit angiogenesis-mediated tumor growth. In nude mice bearing tumor xenografts, SNWE or SNPE significantly reduced the volume and weight of the tumors, and decreased the expression of CD31, a marker for angiogenesis. SNWE or SNPE was found to inhibit the VEGF-induced capillary structure formation of endothelial cells. The chicken egg chorioallantoic membrane (CAM) and matrigel plug assays showed further that SNWE or SNPE inhibited tumor angiogenesis. In human umbilical vascular endothelial cells (HUVECs), SNWE or SNPE suppressed the VEGF-induced activation of AKT and mTOR. Moreover, SNWE or SNPE inhibited the viability of human hepatoma HepG2 cells, and these effects were correlated with the extent of inhibition of the AKT/mTOR pathway. Taken together, our data imply that SNWE or SNPE downregulated the AKT/mTOR pathway in HUVECs and HepG2 cells, which lead to reduced tumor growth and angiogenesis.
authors.affiliation: * Institute of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung 40201, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Mon-Yuan
authors.initials: MY
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.affiliation: * Institute of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung 40201, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Chia-Hung
authors.initials: CH
authors.lastname: Hung
authors.affiliation: * Institute of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung 40201, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Chun-Hua
authors.initials: CH
authors.lastname: Chang
authors.affiliation: † Department of Medical Applied Chemistry, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung 40201, Taiwan.|‡ Department of Medical Education, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung 40201, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Tsui-Hwa
authors.initials: TH
authors.lastname: Tseng
authors.affiliation: * Institute of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung 40201, Taiwan.|§ Department of Medical Research, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung 40201, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Chau-Jong
authors.initials: CJ
authors.lastname: Wang
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000972:Antineoplastic Agents, Phytogenic / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000494:pharmacology* / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D006528:Carcinoma, Hepatocellular / Q000098:blood supply / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000235:genetics*; D002642:Chick Embryo; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D005260:Female; D056945:Hep G2 Cells; D064593:Heterografts; D061307:Human Umbilical Vein Endothelial Cells; D006801:Humans; D008113:Liver Neoplasms / Q000098:blood supply / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000235:genetics*; D008807:Mice, Inbred BALB C; D008819:Mice, Nude; D009368:Neoplasm Transplantation; D009389:Neovascularization, Pathologic / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000235:genetics*; D008517:Phytotherapy; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000494:pharmacology* / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D051057:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-akt / Q000235:genetics* / Q000502:physiology*; D015398:Signal Transduction / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000235:genetics* / Q000502:physiology; D032324:Solanum nigrum / Q000737:chemistry*; D058570:TOR Serine-Threonine Kinases / Q000235:genetics* / Q000502:physiology*
chemical_list: D000972:Antineoplastic Agents, Phytogenic; D010936:Plant Extracts; C546843:mTOR protein, mouse; D051057:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-akt; D058570:TOR Serine-Threonine Kinases
keywords: AKT/mTOR Pathway; Angiogenesis; Solanum nigrum L.; Tumor Growth