title: Thermoelectric detection and imaging of propagating graphene plasmons.
abstract: Controlling, detecting and generating propagating plasmons by all-electrical means is at the heart of on-chip nano-optical processing. Graphene carries long-lived plasmons that are extremely confined and controllable by electrostatic fields; however, electrical detection of propagating plasmons in graphene has not yet been realized. Here, we present an all-graphene mid-infrared plasmon detector operating at room temperature, where a single graphene sheet serves simultaneously as the plasmonic medium and detector. Rather than achieving detection via added optoelectronic materials, as is typically done in other plasmonic systems, our device converts the natural decay product of the plasmon-electronic heat-directly into a voltage through the thermoelectric effect. We employ two local gates to fully tune the thermoelectric and plasmonic behaviour of the graphene. High-resolution real-space photocurrent maps are used to investigate the plasmon propagation and interference, decay, thermal diffusion, and thermoelectric generation.
authors.affiliation: ICFO-Institut de Ciències Fotòniques, The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, 08860 Castelldefels (Barcelona), Spain.
authors.forename: Mark B
authors.initials: MB
authors.lastname: Lundeberg
authors.affiliation: Department of Mechanical Engineering, Columbia University, New York, New York 10027, USA.
authors.forename: Yuanda
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Gao
authors.affiliation: ICFO-Institut de Ciències Fotòniques, The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, 08860 Castelldefels (Barcelona), Spain.
authors.forename: Achim
authors.identifier: 0000-0002-5024-4201
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Woessner
authors.affiliation: Department of Mechanical Engineering, Columbia University, New York, New York 10027, USA.
authors.forename: Cheng
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Tan
authors.affiliation: CIC nanoGUNE, E-20018 Donostia-San Sebastián, Spain.
authors.forename: Pablo
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Alonso-González
authors.affiliation: National Institute for Materials Science, 1-1 Namiki, Tsukuba 305-0044, Japan.
authors.forename: Kenji
authors.identifier: 0000-0003-3701-8119
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Watanabe
authors.affiliation: National Institute for Materials Science, 1-1 Namiki, Tsukuba 305-0044, Japan.
authors.forename: Takashi
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Taniguchi
authors.affiliation: Department of Mechanical Engineering, Columbia University, New York, New York 10027, USA.
authors.forename: James
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Hone
authors.affiliation: CIC nanoGUNE and UPV/EHU, E-20018 Donostia-San Sebastián, Spain.|IKERBASQUE, Basque Foundation for Science, 48011 Bilbao, Spain.
authors.forename: Rainer
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Hillenbrand
authors.affiliation: ICFO-Institut de Ciències Fotòniques, The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, 08860 Castelldefels (Barcelona), Spain.|ICREA-Institució Catalana de Recerça i Estudis Avancats, Barcelona 08010, Spain.
authors.forename: Frank H L
authors.initials: FH
authors.lastname: Koppens
mesh_terms: D003217:Conductometry / Q000295:instrumentation*; D011211:Electric Power Supplies; D004867:Equipment Design; D019544:Equipment Failure Analysis; D006108:Graphite / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000528:radiation effects*; D008027:Light; D008422:Materials Testing; D055672:Static Electricity; D020349:Surface Plasmon Resonance / Q000295:instrumentation*; D013817:Thermography / Q000295:instrumentation*
chemical_list: D006108:Graphite