title: Synchronous fluorescence spectroscopy combined with two-dimensional correlation and principle component analysis to characterize dissolved organic matter in an urban river.
abstract: Synchronous fluorescence spectroscopy (SFS) combined with two-dimensional correlation and principle component analysis (PCA) can provide an excellent challenge to capture fluorescent components of dissolved organic matter (DOM) and reveal its spatial variations in an urban river. Water samples were collected from Baitapuhe River along human impact gradient, i.e., the rural, town, and urban regions. DOM in Baitapuhe River was composed of protein-like, microbial humic-like, fulvic-like, and humic-like fluorescent components. The protein-like was the dominant component, which consisted of tyrosine-like and tryptophan-like components. In the rural region, the variation of the microbial humic-like was higher than that of the protein-like according to the band changing order of 335 → 281 nm, and both components changed in the same direction. In the town region, the variation of the microbial humic-like was the highest followed by the protein-like and fulvic-like on the basis of the changing band order of 335 → 281 → 369 nm, and these components varied in the same trend too. In the urban region, the variation of the protein-like was the highest, followed by the microbial humic-like, fulvic-like, and humic-like based on the changing band order of 282 → 335 → 369 → 470 nm, and the protein-like variation was opposite to the other components. The SFS combined with PCA and two-dimensional correlation can be used as a powerful tool in investigating fluorescent components of DOM and revealing spatial variations of these fluorescent components.
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Science, Beijing, 100012, People's Republic of China.|Department of Urban Water Environmental Research, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Science, Beijing, 100012, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Huibin
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Yu
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Science, Beijing, 100012, People's Republic of China. songyh@craes.org.cn.|Department of Urban Water Environmental Research, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Science, Beijing, 100012, People's Republic of China. songyh@craes.org.cn.
authors.forename: Yonghui
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Song
authors.affiliation: North China University of Water Resources and Electric Power, Zhengzhou, 450045, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Hongwei
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Pan
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Science, Beijing, 100012, People's Republic of China.|Department of Urban Water Environmental Research, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Science, Beijing, 100012, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Jianfeng
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Peng
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Science, Beijing, 100012, People's Republic of China. ghjlxh@sina.com.|Department of Urban Water Environmental Research, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Science, Beijing, 100012, People's Republic of China. ghjlxh@sina.com.
authors.forename: Hongjie
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Gao
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Science, Beijing, 100012, People's Republic of China.|Department of Urban Water Environmental Research, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Science, Beijing, 100012, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Ruixia
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Liu
mesh_terms: D001578:Benzopyrans; D002681:China; D004784:Environmental Monitoring; D006812:Humic Substances; D025341:Principal Component Analysis; D011506:Proteins; D045483:Rivers / Q000737:chemistry*; D013050:Spectrometry, Fluorescence / Q000379:methods
chemical_list: D001578:Benzopyrans; D006812:Humic Substances; D011506:Proteins; C005023:fulvic acid
keywords: Dissolved organic matter; Principle component analysis; Synchronous fluorescence; Two-dimensional correlation; Urban river