title: Avoiding Clinical Misinterpretation and Artifacts of Optical Coherence Tomography Analysis of the Optic Nerve, Retinal Nerve Fiber Layer, and Ganglion Cell Layer.
abstract: Optical coherence tomography (OCT) has become an important tool for diagnosing optic nerve disease. The structural details and reproducibility of OCT continues to improve with further advances in technology. However, artifacts and misinterpretation of OCT can lead to clinical misdiagnosis of diseases if they go unrecognized.
  
  
  
  A literature review using PubMed combined with clinical and research experience.
  
  
  
  We describe the most common artifacts and errors in interpretation seen on OCT in both optic nerve and ganglion cell analyses. We provide examples of the artifacts, discuss the causes, and provide methods of detecting them. In addition, we discuss a systematic approach to OCT analysis to facilitate the recognition of artifacts and to avoid clinical misinterpretation.
  
  
  
  While OCT is invaluable in diagnosing optic nerve disease, we need to be cognizant of the artifacts that can occur with OCT. Failure to recognize some of these artifacts can lead to misdiagnoses and inappropriate investigations.
authors.affiliation: Department of Ophthalmology (JJC), Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota; Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences (JJC, RHK), University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa; and Department of Veterans Affairs (RHK), Center for the Prevention and Treatment of Visual Loss, Iowa City, Iowa.
authors.forename: John J
authors.initials: JJ
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.forename: Randy H
authors.initials: RH
authors.lastname: Kardon
mesh_terms: D016477:Artifacts; D003951:Diagnostic Errors / Q000517:prevention & control*; D006801:Humans; D009412:Nerve Fibers / Q000473:pathology*; D009900:Optic Nerve / Q000473:pathology*; D009901:Optic Nerve Diseases / Q000175:diagnosis*; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D012165:Retinal Ganglion Cells / Q000473:pathology*; D041623:Tomography, Optical Coherence / Q000379:methods*