title: A Tri-Nucleotide Pattern in a 3' UTR Segment Affects The Activity of a Human Glucocorticoid Receptor Isoform.
abstract: We previously identified a truncated human glucocorticoid receptor (hGR) isoform of 118 amino acids, hGR-S1(-349A), that despite lacking the major functional domains, was more hyperactive after glucocorticoid treatment than the full-length receptor. Furthermore, its 3' untranslated region (UTR) was required. To dissect the underlying mechanisms for hyperactivity, a series of hGR isoforms with consecutive deletions in the 3' UTR were created to test their transactivation potential using reporter assays. The hGR-S1(-349A) isoform retaining 1303 bp of 3' UTR displayed unusually high activity with or without glucocorticoid stimulation. Unexpectedly, a complete loss of significant activity was observed with isoforms retaining 1293 bp or 1263 bp of 3' UTR. Analysis of the 20 bp region neighboring the 1293 bp site showed a pattern: 3'UTR termination at every third base pair in this region resulted in a loss of transactivation potential while the other sites retained hyperactivity with or without glucocorticoid stimulation. Variations in the activity of an hGR isoform, due to changes in the 3' UTR sequence configuration, may provide an important link in explaining inconsistent responses to glucocorticoid treatment in individuals and ultimately enable tailored, patient-specific care. Furthermore, understanding the mechanisms underlying the cyclic hyperactivity/loss of activity phenomenon may be a step toward identifying a novel mechanism of gene regulation.
authors.affiliation: Shriners Hospitals for Children Northern California, Sacramento, California Department of Surgery, University of California, Davis, Sacramento, California.
authors.forename: Tajia L
authors.initials: TL
authors.lastname: Green
authors.forename: Stacey M
authors.initials: SM
authors.lastname: Leventhal
authors.forename: Debora
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Lim
authors.forename: Kiho
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Cho
authors.forename: David G
authors.initials: DG
authors.lastname: Greenhalgh
mesh_terms: D020413:3' Untranslated Regions / Q000235:genetics*; D015153:Blotting, Western; D005938:Glucocorticoids / Q000494:pharmacology; D057809:HEK293 Cells; D006801:Humans; D009711:Nucleotides / Q000378:metabolism*; D016133:Polymerase Chain Reaction; D020033:Protein Isoforms / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D011965:Receptors, Glucocorticoid / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D015533:Transcriptional Activation / Q000187:drug effects / Q000235:genetics
chemical_list: D020413:3' Untranslated Regions; D005938:Glucocorticoids; D009711:Nucleotides; D020033:Protein Isoforms; D011965:Receptors, Glucocorticoid