title: In vitro inhibitory effects of plant-derived by-products against Cryptosporidium parvum.
abstract: Disposal of organic plant wastes and by-products from the food or pharmaceutical industries usually involves high costs. In the present study, 42 samples derived from such by-products were screened in vitro against Cryptosporidium parvum, a protozoan parasite that may contaminate drinking water and cause diarrhoea. The novel bioassay was previously established in the microtitre plate format. Human ileocaecal adenocarcinoma (HCT-8) cell cultures were seeded with C. parvum oocysts and parasite development was monitored by an indirect fluorescent antibody technique (IFAT) and microscopic assessment for clusters of secondary infection (CSI). Minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) and potential detrimental effects on the host cells were determined. An ethanolic extract from olive (Olea europaea) pomace, after oil pressing and phenol recovery, reproducibly inhibited C. parvum development (MIC = 250-500 μg mL(-1), IC50 = 361 (279-438) μg mL(-1), IC90 = 467 (398-615) μg mL(-1)). Accordingly, tyrosol, hydroxytyrosol, trans-coniferyl alcohol and oleuropein were selected as reference test compounds, but their contributions to the observed activity of the olive pomace extract were insignificant. The established test system proved to be a fast and efficient assay for identifying anti-cryptosporidial activities in biological waste material and comparison with selected reference compounds.
authors.affiliation: Department of Microbiology and Ecosystem Science, University of Vienna, Althanstraße 14, 1090 Vienna, Austria - BIOMIN Research Center, Technopark 1, 3430 Tulln, Austria.
authors.forename: Klaus
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Teichmann
authors.affiliation: BIOMIN Research Center, Technopark 1, 3430 Tulln, Austria.
authors.forename: Maxime
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kuliberda
authors.affiliation: BIOMIN Research Center, Technopark 1, 3430 Tulln, Austria.
authors.forename: Gerd
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Schatzmayr
authors.affiliation: Institute of Animal Nutrition and Functional Plant Compounds, Department for Farm Animals and Veterinary Public Health, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Veterinärplatz 1, 1210 Vienna, Austria.
authors.forename: Thomas
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Pacher
authors.affiliation: Institute of Animal Nutrition and Functional Plant Compounds, Department for Farm Animals and Veterinary Public Health, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Veterinärplatz 1, 1210 Vienna, Austria.
authors.forename: Karin
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Zitterl-Eglseer
authors.affiliation: Institute of Parasitology, Department of Pathobiology, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Veterinärplatz 1, 1210 Vienna, Austria.
authors.forename: Anja
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Joachim
authors.affiliation: Plant Biochemistry, Albrecht-von-Haller Institute, University of Göttingen, Justus-von-Liebig-Weg 11, 37077 Göttingen, Germany.
authors.forename: Franz
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Hadacek
mesh_terms: D000230:Adenocarcinoma / Q000473:pathology; D001681:Biological Assay; D016785:Cryptosporidium parvum / Q000187:drug effects*; D004345:Drug Industry; D019649:Food Industry; D006801:Humans; D007078:Ileal Neoplasms / Q000473:pathology; D007080:Ileocecal Valve / Q000473:pathology; D017744:Medical Waste Disposal / Q000379:methods* / Q000592:standards; D031658:Olea / Q000737:chemistry*; D064209:Phytochemicals / Q000494:pharmacology*; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000494:pharmacology; D010946:Plants, Medicinal / Q000737:chemistry; D014407:Tumor Cells, Cultured
chemical_list: D017744:Medical Waste Disposal; D064209:Phytochemicals; D010936:Plant Extracts