title: [Prevalence and factors associated with cryptococcal antigenemia in HIV-infected patients in Cotonou/Benin].
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Determine the prevalence of cryptococcal antigenemia and associated factors in HIV-infected patients in Cotonou in order to introduce systematic screening in national guidelines.
  
  
  METHODS
  This is a cross-sectional, descriptive and analytical study conducted from June to September 2015 in four outpatient treatment centers with adult patients infected with HIV, receiving or not antiretroviral treatment with a number of CD4≤200cell/μL and who have given their informed consent to participate in the study. For each enrolled patient, after signing the informed consent form, it was made a clinical examination and administration of a questionnaire to collect general information, treatment and biological data. Then a blood sample for counting CD4 lymphocytes and the search of cryptococcal antigenemia were done.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In total, 355 patients were included in the study with a mean age of 40±10.2years. The overall prevalence of cryptococcal antigenemia is 1.7%. All patient with cryptococcal antigenemia have a CD4 count below 100cells/μL with a majority having CD4 count below 50cells/μL. Body mass index<18.5kg/m2, an alteration of the general condition with a CD4 lymphocyte counts<50cells/μL are the main factors associated with the occurrence of cryptococcal antigenemia.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This pilot study showed a low prevalence of cryptococcal antigenemia in the study population, but higher in highly immuno-deficient patients with CD4 counts<50cells/μl. Given the results obtained, the introduction of routine screening among patients infected with HIV could be reserved to those with CD4 counts<50cells/μl.
authors.affiliation: Laboratoire de parasitologie-mycologie, centre national hospitalier universitaire Koutoukou Maga (CNHU/HKM), 03BP386, Cotonou, Benin. Electronic address: aurorefel@yahoo.fr.
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Ogouyèmi-Hounto
authors.affiliation: Service de médecine interne, centre national hospitalier universitaire Koutoukou Maga (CNHU/HKM), 03BP386, Cotonou, Benin; Centre de traitement ambulatoire (CTA), Cotonou, Benin.
authors.forename: D M
authors.initials: DM
authors.lastname: Zannou
authors.affiliation: Centre de traitement ambulatoire (CTA), Cotonou, Benin.
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Ayihounton
authors.affiliation: Centre de traitement ambulatoire (CTA), Cotonou, Benin.
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Ahouada
authors.affiliation: Service de médecine interne, centre national hospitalier universitaire Koutoukou Maga (CNHU/HKM), 03BP386, Cotonou, Benin; Centre de traitement ambulatoire (CTA), Cotonou, Benin.
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Azon-Kouanou
authors.affiliation: Centre de traitement ambulatoire (CTA), Cotonou, Benin.
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Acakpo
authors.affiliation: Laboratoire de parasitologie-mycologie, centre national hospitalier universitaire Koutoukou Maga (CNHU/HKM), 03BP386, Cotonou, Benin.
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Sissinto Savi de Tove
authors.affiliation: Laboratoire de parasitologie-mycologie, centre national hospitalier universitaire Koutoukou Maga (CNHU/HKM), 03BP386, Cotonou, Benin.
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Kinde Gazard
mesh_terms: D017088:AIDS-Related Opportunistic Infections / Q000097:blood / Q000453:epidemiology; D000328:Adult; D000946:Antigens, Fungal / Q000097:blood*; D001541:Benin / Q000453:epidemiology; D018791:CD4 Lymphocyte Count; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D003453:Cryptococcosis / Q000097:blood* / Q000150:complications / Q000453:epidemiology*; D003454:Cryptococcus / Q000276:immunology*; D005260:Female; D015658:HIV Infections / Q000097:blood* / Q000150:complications / Q000453:epidemiology*; D015497:HIV-1; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D016919:Meningitis, Cryptococcal / Q000097:blood / Q000150:complications / Q000453:epidemiology; D008875:Middle Aged; D010865:Pilot Projects; D015995:Prevalence; D012307:Risk Factors
chemical_list: D000946:Antigens, Fungal
keywords: Antigénémie cryptococcique; Benin; Bénin; Cryptococcal antigenemia; Dépistage; HIV; Prevention; Prévention; Screening; VIH