title: Significance of Echocardiographically Detected Central Venous Catheter Tip-Associated Thrombi.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To explore significance, management, and outcomes of central venous catheter (CVC) tip-associated thrombi incidentally detected on echocardiography.
  
  
  METHODS
  Echocardiogram data from all patients with CVCs from October 2009 to June 2011 were reviewed (N = 170). Patients with CVC tip-associated thrombi were selected (n = 49). Echocardiograms were reviewed for ejection fraction, presence of patent foramen ovale (PFO), presence of other intracardiac shunts, and mean thrombus size. Management decisions, thrombus extension, pulmonary embolism, paradoxical emboli, and stroke within 3 months were recorded.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Mean thrombus size was 2.1 cm (range, 0.5-5.7 cm). Of patients with thrombi, 11 (22%) were already on anticoagulation, and there was no change in management. Anticoagulation was started without complications in 17 (35%) patients, the catheter was removed in 4 (8%) patients, and no new treatment was initiated in 17 (35%) patients. Of these 17 patients, 16 (94%) developed no complications. One (6%) patient with a PFO and right-to-left shunt experienced a stroke before PFO closure. After surgical closure of the PFO, the same patient developed catheter tip-associated thrombus without complication. There were no pulmonary emboli, strokes, or other detected embolic phenomena.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In this sample with CVC tip-associated thrombi but without PFO or other intracardiac shunts, no embolic or other complications were detected, regardless of anticoagulation status. These data suggest a benign course for such thrombi and that anticoagulation, catheter removal, thrombectomy, and thrombolysis may be unnecessary when catheter tip-associated thrombi are incidentally detected on echocardiography.
authors.affiliation: From the Department of Radiology, Division of Interventional Radiology, Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania, Perelman School of Medicine, 1 Silverstein, 3400 Spruce Street, Philadelphia, PA 19104; Department of Radiology, Division of Vascular and Interventional Radiology, University of Michigan Medical Center, Ann Arbor, Michigan.
authors.forename: Jeffrey Forris Beecham
authors.initials: JF
authors.lastname: Chick
authors.affiliation: From the Department of Radiology, Division of Interventional Radiology, Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania, Perelman School of Medicine, 1 Silverstein, 3400 Spruce Street, Philadelphia, PA 19104.
authors.forename: Shilpa N
authors.initials: SN
authors.lastname: Reddy
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, Division of Interventional Radiology, Geisinger Health System, Danville, Pennsylvania.
authors.forename: Ruchika D
authors.initials: RD
authors.lastname: Bhatt
authors.affiliation: From the Department of Radiology, Division of Interventional Radiology, Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania, Perelman School of Medicine, 1 Silverstein, 3400 Spruce Street, Philadelphia, PA 19104.
authors.forename: Benjamin J
authors.initials: BJ
authors.lastname: Shin
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington.
authors.forename: James N
authors.initials: JN
authors.lastname: Kirkpatrick
authors.affiliation: From the Department of Radiology, Division of Interventional Radiology, Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania, Perelman School of Medicine, 1 Silverstein, 3400 Spruce Street, Philadelphia, PA 19104. Electronic address: scott.trerotola@uphs.upenn.edu.
authors.forename: Scott O
authors.initials: SO
authors.lastname: Trerotola
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000925:Anticoagulants / Q000627:therapeutic use; D006348:Cardiac Surgical Procedures; D061807:Catheter Obstruction / Q000209:etiology*; D002405:Catheterization, Central Venous / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000295:instrumentation*; D002408:Catheters, Indwelling / Q000009:adverse effects*; D062905:Central Venous Catheters / Q000009:adverse effects*; D017548:Echocardiography, Transesophageal; D054092:Foramen Ovale, Patent / Q000150:complications / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000601:surgery; D006801:Humans; D033162:Incidental Findings; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011237:Predictive Value of Tests; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012307:Risk Factors; D020521:Stroke / Q000209:etiology; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D056824:Upper Extremity Deep Vein Thrombosis / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000209:etiology / Q000628:therapy; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D000925:Anticoagulants