Effects of acute doses of methylphenidate on inflammation and oxidative stress in isolated hippocampus and cerebral cortex of adult rats.
Methylphenidate (MPH) is a stimulatory agent in brain with unknown long-term consequences. In this study, MPH-induced neurodegeneration in adult rat brain was assessed. Rats were acutely treated with different doses of MPH. Open Field Test was used to investigate anxiety and depression levels. Inflammatory factors and anti-oxidant activity were also evaluated in isolated hippocampus and cerebral cortex. MPH treated groups (10 and 20 mg/kg) demonstrated anxiety and depression like behavior in OFT. MPH significantly increased lipid peroxidation, GSSG level, IL-1β and TNF-α in isolated tissues. In addition, MPH at the same doses (10 and 20 mg/kg) reduced GSH, superoxide dismutase, glutathione peroxidase and glutathione reductase activity significantly in hippocampus and cerebral cortex. In conclusion, acute administration of high doses of MPH can cause oxidative and inflammatory changes in brain cells and induce neurodegeneration in hippocampus and cerebral cortex of adult rats.
Razi Drug Research Center & Pharmacology Department, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Hemmat High Way, Beside Milad Tower, 14496-14525, Tehran, Iran.
Majid
M
Motaghinejad
Razi Drug Research Center & Pharmacology Department, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Hemmat High Way, Beside Milad Tower, 14496-14525, Tehran, Iran. motevalian.m@iums.ac.ir.
Manijeh
M
Motevalian
Solid Dosage Form Department, Iran Hormone Pharmaceutical Company, Tehran, Iran.
Behnaz
B
Shabab
Department of Physiology, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, International Campus, Tehran, Iran.
Sulail
S
Fatima
D000818:Animals; D001007:Anxiety / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000276:immunology; D002540:Cerebral Cortex / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000276:immunology; D003863:Depression / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000378:metabolism; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D006624:Hippocampus / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000276:immunology; D007249:Inflammation / Q000139:chemically induced* / Q000378:metabolism; D015227:Lipid Peroxidation / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology; D008297:Male; D008774:Methylphenidate / Q000633:toxicity*; D008928:Mitochondria / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D009043:Motor Activity / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology; D019636:Neurodegenerative Diseases / Q000139:chemically induced* / Q000276:immunology; D018384:Oxidative Stress / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000502:physiology; D011897:Random Allocation; D017208:Rats, Wistar
D008774:Methylphenidate
Cerebral cortex; Hippocampus; Inflammation; Methylphenidate; Oxidative stress
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