A study of trace element contamination using multivariate statistical techniques and health risk assessment in groundwater of Chhaprola Industrial Area, Gautam Buddha Nagar, Uttar Pradesh, India.
This study is an investigation on spatio-chemical, contamination sources (using multivariate statistics), and health risk assessment arising from the consumption of groundwater contaminated with trace and toxic elements in the Chhaprola Industrial Area, Gautam Buddha Nagar, Uttar Pradesh, India. In this study 33 tubewell water samples were analyzed for 28 elements using ICP-OES. Concentration of some trace and toxic elements such as Al, As, B, Cd, Cr, Mn, Pb and U exceeded their corresponding WHO (2011) guidelines and BIS (2012) standards while the other analyzed elements remain below than those values. Background γ and β radiation levels were observed and found to be within their acceptable limits. Multivariate statistics PCA (explains 82.07 cumulative percent for total 6 of factors) and CA indicated (mixed origin) that natural and anthropogenic activities like industrial effluent and agricultural runoff are responsible for the degrading of groundwater quality in the research area. In this study area, an adult consumes 3.0 L (median value) of water therefore consuming 39, 1.94, 1461, 0.14, 11.1, 292.6, 13.6, 23.5 μg of Al, As, B, Cd, Cr, Mn, Pb and U from drinking water per day respectively. The hazard quotient (HQ) value exceeded the safe limit of 1 which for As, B, Al, Cr, Mn, Cd, Pb and U at few locations while hazard index (HI) > 5 was observed in about 30% of the samples which indicated potential health risk from these tubewells for the local population if the groundwater is consumed.
School of Environmental Sciences, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi, 110067, India.
Manoj
M
Kumar
School of Environmental Sciences, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi, 110067, India. Electronic address: alr0400@mail.jnu.ac.in.
A L
AL
Ramanathan
School of Environmental Sciences, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi, 110067, India.
Ritu
R
Tripathi
School of Environmental Sciences, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi, 110067, India.
Sandhya
S
Farswan
Ch. Charan Singh University, Meerut, India.
Devendra
D
Kumar
KTH-International Groundwater Arsenic Research Group, Department of Sustainable Development, Environmental Science and Engineering, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm, Sweden.
Prosun
P
Bhattacharya
D000328:Adult; D004784:Environmental Monitoring / Q000379:methods*; D060587:Groundwater / Q000737:chemistry*; D006262:Health; D006801:Humans; D007194:India; D007221:Industry; D015999:Multivariate Analysis; D018570:Risk Assessment; D013223:Statistics as Topic; D014131:Trace Elements / Q000032:analysis*; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical / Q000032:analysis*
D014131:Trace Elements; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical
Background radiation; Hazard index; Hazard quotient; Industrial area; National capital region; Spatio-chemical