Selection on oxidative phosphorylation and ribosomal structure as a multigenerational response to ocean acidification in the common copepodPseudocalanus acuspes.
Ocean acidification is expected to have dramatic impacts on oceanic ecosystems, yet surprisingly few studies currently examine long-term adaptive and plastic responses of marine invertebrates topCO2stress. Here, we exposed populations of the common copepodPseudocalanus acuspesto threepCO2regimes (400, 900, and 1550 μatm) for two generations, after which we conducted a reciprocal transplant experiment. Ade novotranscriptome was assembled, annotated, and gene expression data revealed that genes involved in RNA transcription were strongly down-regulated in populations with long-term exposure to a highpCO2environment, even after transplantation back to control levels. In addition, 747 000 SNPs were identified, out of which 1513 showed consistent changes in nucleotide frequency between replicates of control and highpCO2populations. Functions involving RNA transcription and ribosomal function, as well as ion transport and oxidative phosphorylation, were highly overrepresented. We thus conclude thatpCO2stress appears to impose selection in copepods on RNA synthesis and translation, possibly modulated by helicase expression. Using a physiological hypothesis-testing strategy to mine gene expression data, we herein increase the power to detect cellular targets of ocean acidification. This novel approach seems promising for future studies of effects of environmental changes in ecologically important nonmodel organisms.
Department of Marine Sciences University of Gothenburg Strömstad Sweden.
Pierre
P
De Wit
Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences University of Gothenburg Fiskebäckskil Sweden.
Sam
S
Dupont
Framcentre Norwegian Polar Institute Tromsø Norway.
Peter
P
Thor
Pseudocalanus; acclimation; adaptation; evolution; gene expression; ocean acidification; transcription; transgenerational effects; translation
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