Pregnancy outcome in women with endometriosis achieving pregnancy with IVF.
Are women with endometriosis who conceive with IVF at increased risk of preterm birth?



Women with endometriosis who conceive with IVF do not face an increased risk of preterm birth.



The eutopic endometrium of women with endometriosis has been repeatedly shown to present molecular and cellular alterations. On this basis, it has been hypothesized that pregnancy outcome may be altered in affected women. However, to date, available evidence from epidemiological studies is scanty and conflicting. Data tended to be partly consistent only for an increased risk of preterm birth and placenta previa.



Retrospective matched case-control study of women achieving an IVF singleton pregnancy progressing beyond 12 weeks' gestation.



Women achieving IVF singleton pregnancies that progressed beyond 12 weeks' gestation at two infertility units were reviewed. Cases were women with a history of surgery for endometriosis and/or with a sonographic diagnosis of the disease at the time of the IVF cycle. Controls were women without current or past evidence of endometriosis who were matched to cases by age (± 6 months), type of cycle (fresh or frozen cycle) and study period. Male factor and unexplained infertility were the most common diagnoses in the control group. Two hundred and thirty-nine women with endometriosis and 239 controls were selected. The main outcome of the study was the rate of preterm birth (birth < 37 weeks' gestation) regardless of the cause. Secondary analyses were performed for the most common obstetrical complications.



The rate of preterm birth was similar in the two study groups (14% and 14%, respectively, p = 0.89). The rate of live birth and the incidence of hypertensive disorders, gestational diabetes, small and large for gestational age newborns and neonatal problems also did not differ. In contrast, placenta previa was more common in women with endometriosis than controls (6% versus 1%, respectively; p = 0.006): The adjusted odds ratio was 4.8 (95% confidence interval: 1.4-17.2).



As for all observational studies, confounders cannot be totally excluded. Moreover, the retrospective study design exposes the findings to some inaccuracies. For example, the independent role of adenomyosis could not be reliably assessed because this diagnosis is complex and would necessitate a prospective recruitment. Second, the selection of controls may also be a matter of concern because some affected women may have been erroneously included in this group. Third, even if the sample size is significant, it is insufficient for robust subgroup analyses. Finally, it is mandatory to point out that our conclusions are valid for IVF pregnancies only, and specific data from properly designed studies are required to support any inference for natural pregnancies.



The results of our study suggest that women with endometriosis conceiving with IVF can be reassured regarding the risk of preterm birth. The observed association with placenta previa requires further investigation and may open a new avenue of research.



No external funding was used for this study. None of the authors have any conflict of interest to declare.
Obstet-Gynecol Department, Fondazione Ca' Granda, Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy laurabenaglia@hotmail.it.
Laura
L
Benaglia
Obstet-Gynecol Department, Fondazione Ca' Granda, Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy.|Obstet-Gynecol Department, San Raffaele Scientific Institute , Milan, Italy.
Giorgio
G
Candotti
Obstet-Gynecol Department, San Raffaele Scientific Institute , Milan, Italy.
Enrico
E
Papaleo
Obstet-Gynecol Department, San Raffaele Scientific Institute , Milan, Italy.
Luca
L
Pagliardini
Obstet-Gynecol Department, Fondazione Ca' Granda, Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy.
Marta
M
Leonardi
Obstet-Gynecol Department, Fondazione Ca' Granda, Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy.
Marco
M
Reschini
Obstet-Gynecol Department, San Raffaele Scientific Institute , Milan, Italy.
Lavinia
L
Quaranta
Obstet-Gynecol Department, San Raffaele Scientific Institute , Milan, Italy.
Maria
M
Munaretto
Obstet-Gynecol Department, San Raffaele Scientific Institute , Milan, Italy.
Paola
P
Viganò
Obstet-Gynecol Department, San Raffaele Scientific Institute , Milan, Italy.
Massimo
M
Candiani
Obstet-Gynecol Department, Fondazione Ca' Granda, Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy.|Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy.
Paolo
P
Vercellini
Obstet-Gynecol Department, Fondazione Ca' Granda, Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy.|Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy.
Edgardo
E
Somigliana
D000328:Adult; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D016640:Diabetes, Gestational / Q000453:epidemiology; D004715:Endometriosis / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000628:therapy*; D005260:Female; D005307:Fertilization in Vitro / Q000009:adverse effects*; D006801:Humans; D046110:Hypertension, Pregnancy-Induced / Q000453:epidemiology; D015994:Incidence; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D007247:Infertility, Female / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000628:therapy*; D011247:Pregnancy; D011256:Pregnancy Outcome; D047928:Premature Birth / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000209:etiology; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D014463:Ultrasonography
IVF; endometriosis; placenta previa; pregnancy; preterm birth