Linking neuroimaging signals to behavioral responses in single cases: Challenges and opportunities.
Despite rapid progress both in psychology and neuroimaging, there is still a convergence gap between the results of these two scientific disciplines. This is particularly unsatisfactory, as the variability between single subjects needs to be understood both for basic science and for patient diagnostics in, for example, the field of age-related cognitive changes. Active and passive behaviors are the observables in psychology and can be studied alone or in combination with the neuroimaging approach. Various physical signatures of brain activity are the observables in neuroimaging and can be measured concurrent with behaviors. Despite the intrinsic relationship between behaviors and the corresponding neuroimaging patterns and the obvious advantages in integrating behavioral and neuroimaging measurements, the results of combined studies can be difficult to interpret. Experiments are often optimized to yield either a novel behavioral or a novel physiological result, but rarely designed for a better match between the two. Since integrating the results is probably a key to future progress in clinical psychology and basic research, an attempt is made here to identify some difficulties and to provide some ideas for future research.
Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt, Berlin, Germany. tilmann.sander-thoemmes@ptb.de.
Tilmann H
http://orcid.org/0000-0003-2984-5579
TH
Sander
Key Laboratory of Behavioral Sciences, Institute of Psychology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.
Bin
B
Zhou
D001525:Behavioral Sciences / Q000379:methods*; D001921:Brain / Q000502:physiology; D006801:Humans; D007206:Individuality; D059906:Neuroimaging / Q000379:methods*; D012107:Research Design
behavior; convergence; experimental design; neuroimaging; single subject