[Survey on fungi contamination and natural occurrence of mycotoxins in 94 corn feed ingredients collected from China].
Objective:To investigate fungi contamination and the natural occurrence of mycotoxins in corn feed ingredients collected from China.Methods:A total of 94 corn feed ingredient samples were collected from 8 Chinese provinces(i.e., Anhui, Hebei, Heilongjiang, Jilin, Jiangsu, Liaoning, Inner Mongolia, and Shandong)in February 2014. A tandem ultra-performance liquid chromatographymass spectrometry method was used for simultaneous detection of twelve kinds of mycotoxins, including aflatoxin(AF), type A and type B tricothecenes, and zearalenone(ZEN). Contaminated fungi were also identified and counted.Results:AF was detected in 36.2%(34/94)of samples; the concentration of AFB1was the highest in the four AFs with the range: 0.3~181.3 μg/kg; and then followed by AFB2(range: 1.0-74.3 μg/kg). There were 7 samples(7.5%)with AFB1concentrations higher than the tolerance limit of 50 μg/kg. The concentration of type A tricothecenes in all samples was lower(0.1-10.5 μg/kg). DON had the most serious contamination than other kind of type B tricothecenes(range: 0.7-606.6 μg/kg; median: 66.3 μg/kg). The DON concentration in all samples was below the tolerance limit of 1 000 μg/kg. ZEN was detected in 76.6%(72/ 94)of samples(median: 36.9 μg/kg), with 3 samples having ZEN concentrations higher than the tolerance limit of 500 μg/kg. The survey on fungi contamination showed that all samples were contaminated by fungi(range: 5.0-1.4×105CFU/g). There were 18 and 3 samples with quantities of fungi higher than the tolerance and forbidden limits, respectively. TheAspergillus,Penicillium,Fusarium,TrichodermaandMucorgenuses were the predominant fungi in corn feed ingredients, with detection rates of 71.3%(67), 60.6%(57), 71.3%(67), 27.7%(26), and 24.5%(23), respectively. The detection rate ofFusarium moniliforme, 73.4%(69/94)was higher than that ofAspergillus flavus, 41.5%(39/94).Conclusion:In this survey, the corn feed ingredients were not seriously contaminated by AF and type A tricothecenes but mainly contaminated by type B trichothecenes, including DON and its derivatives, as well as ZEN. They were also contaminated by fungi such asAspergillus,Penicillium, andFusarium.
Key Lab of Food Safety Risk Assessment, National Center for Food Safety Risk Assessment, Beijing 100021, China.
X M
XM
Han
H Y
HY
Zhang
J
J
Zhang
W J
WJ
Xu
D
D
Liu
T
T
Jiang
J
J
Xu
F Q
FQ
Li
D000821:Animal Feed / Q000032:analysis / Q000382:microbiology*; D002681:China; D005506:Food Contamination / Q000032:analysis*; D005516:Food Microbiology; D005658:Fungi / Q000145:classification / Q000302:isolation & purification; D005670:Fusarium / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000378:metabolism; D009183:Mycotoxins / Q000032:analysis*; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D014255:Trichothecenes / Q000032:analysis; D003313:Zea mays / Q000737:chemistry / Q000382:microbiology*; D015025:Zearalenone / Q000032:analysis
D009183:Mycotoxins; D014255:Trichothecenes; D015025:Zearalenone