Reduction ofSalmonellaTyphimurium by Fermentation Metabolites of Diamond V Original XPC in anIn VitroAnaerobic Mixed Chicken Cecal Culture.
Fermentation metabolites of Diamond V Original XPC™ (XPC), a biological product derived from yeast fermentation, were evaluated for their ability to reduce theSalmonellaTyphimurium population using anin vitromixed anaerobic culture system containing cecal microbiota to simulate chicken hindgut conditions. Four different samples were prepared: anaerobic mixed culture containing (1) feed only, (2) cecal only (ceca were harvested from 42 days old broiler chickens), (3) feed and cecal contents, and (4) feed, cecal contents, and 1% XPC. Two experimental conditions were investigated: Group 1, in which the cecal content was added at the same time as aS. Typhimurium marker strain and Group 2, in which the cecal content was preincubated for 24 h prior to the inoculation with theS. Typhimurium marker strain. The mixed cultures were incubated anaerobically at 37°C, and theS. Typhimurium marker strain was enumerated at 0, 24, and 48 h. Analysis of short chain fatty acids was also conducted for 24 h. In the Group 1 experiment, adding XPC did not exhibit significant reduction ofS. Typhimurium. However, the presence of XPC resulted in rapid reduction ofS. Typhimurium in Group 2.S. Typhimurium was reduced from 6.81 log10CFU/ml (0 h) to 3.73 log10CFU/ml and 1.19 log10CFU/ml after 24 and 48 h, respectively. These levels were also 2.47 log10and 2.72 log10lower than theS. Typhimurium level recovered from the control culture with feed and cecal contents, but without XPC. Based on these results, it appears that the ability of XPC to reduceS. Typhimurium requires the presence of the cecal microbiota. Short chain fatty acid analysis indicated that acetate and butyrate concentrations of cultures containing XPC were twofold greater than the control cultures by 24 h of anaerobic growth. Results from the present study suggest that dietary inclusion of XPC may influence cecal microbiota fermentation and has the potential to reduceSalmonellain the cecum. Implications of these findings suggest that XPC may decrease preharvest levels ofSalmonellain broilers and layers.
Department of Food Science, Center for Food Safety, University of Arkansas , Fayetteville, AR , USA.
Peter
P
Rubinelli
Department of Food Science, Center for Food Safety, University of Arkansas , Fayetteville, AR , USA.
Stephanie
S
Roto
Department of Food Science, Center for Food Safety, University of Arkansas , Fayetteville, AR , USA.
Sun Ae
SA
Kim
Department of Food Science, Center for Food Safety, University of Arkansas , Fayetteville, AR , USA.
Si Hong
SH
Park
Diamond V , Cedar Rapids, IA , USA.
Hilary O
HO
Pavlidis
Diamond V , Cedar Rapids, IA , USA.
Don
D
McIntyre
Department of Food Science, Center for Food Safety, University of Arkansas , Fayetteville, AR , USA.
Steven C
SC
Ricke
Diamond V Original XPC; Salmonella Typhimurium; in vitro; mixed anaerobic culture; reduction; short chain fatty acids
Anaerobe. 2006 Apr;12(2):85-92
16701620
Poult Sci. 2008 Jul;87(7):1377-84
18577619
Anaerobe. 2007 Oct-Dec;13(5-6):208-14
17588782
J Nutr. 2007 Mar;137(3 Suppl 2):830S-7S
17311983
Adv Microb Physiol. 1998;39:205-34
9328648
Poult Sci. 2010 Sep;89(9):1887-93
20709973
J Anim Sci. 2011 Apr;89(4):1062-78
21148775
Poult Sci. 2003 Apr;82(4):632-9
12710485
Poult Sci. 2008 Jul;87(7):1263-75
18577604
Front Vet Sci. 2015 Sep 02;2:28
26664957
Emerg Infect Dis. 2011 Jan;17(1):7-15
21192848
Appl Microbiol. 1974 Sep;28(3):439-47
4608322
Poult Sci. 2007 May;86(5):801-10
17435012
Avian Pathol. 2006 Jun;35(3):182-8
16753609
PLoS One. 2016 Mar 18;11(3):e0151944
26992104
J Anim Sci. 2011 Aug;89(8):2462-71
21383042
Poult Sci. 2016 Dec 1;95(12):2902-2910
27566726
J Food Prot. 1995 Apr;58(4):361-367
31137347
Poult Sci. 2003 Apr;82(4):627-31
12710484
Poult Sci. 2003 Apr;82(4):613-7
12710481
J Nutr. 1995 Jun;125(6):1401-12
7782892
MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep. 2009 Jan 23;58(2):25-9
19165136
Crit Rev Microbiol. 1999;25(1):19-38
10342098
Appl Environ Microbiol. 2006 Jan;72(1):946-9
16391141
Comp Biochem Physiol A Mol Integr Physiol. 2000 Oct;127(2):139-46
11064281
AAPS J. 2008 Jun;10(2):289-99
18500564
PLoS Pathog. 2012;8(4):e1002647
22511871
Can J Microbiol. 1985 Sep;31(9):832-8
3910208
Poult Sci. 2015 Jun;94(6):1411-8
25717086