Avoidance behavior of Eisenia fetida in oxytetracycline- and heavy metal-contaminated soils.
To determine the behavior of oxytetracycline (OTC) and heavy metals in soil, this study assessed the pollutant-induced avoidance behavior of earthworms (E. fetida) exposed to zinc (Zn2+), lead (Pb2+), and OTC in soil. The results showed a clear avoidance response within 48h of exposure to the highest concentrations of pollutants. Moreover, E. fetida was shown to be more sensitive to Zn2+than to Pb2+and OTC. Compared with OTC alone, the net response of earthworms increased in the OTC-Zn2+and OTC-Pb2+combined treatments, indicating a synergistic effect. Moreover, the net response (NR) of the earthworms was higher for OTC-Zn2+than it was for OTC-Pb2+, possibly reflecting the differences in essential characteristics of Zn and Pb.
School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Tianjin Polytechnic University, No. 399 Binshui Western Road, Xiqing District, Tianjin 300387, China; State Key Laboratory of Separation Membranes and Membrane Processes, Tianjin Polytechnic University, No. 399 Binshui Western Road, Xiqing District, Tianjin, 300387, China. Electronic address: kyforever2013@163.com.
Minling
M
Gao
School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Tianjin Polytechnic University, No. 399 Binshui Western Road, Xiqing District, Tianjin 300387, China.
Mengting
M
Lv
Tianjin Academy of Environmental Science, No. 17 Fukang Road, Nankai District, Tianjin, 300191, China.
Meng
M
Han
School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Tianjin Polytechnic University, No. 399 Binshui Western Road, Xiqing District, Tianjin 300387, China.
Wenhua
W
Song
School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Tianjin Polytechnic University, No. 399 Binshui Western Road, Xiqing District, Tianjin 300387, China.
Dong
D
Wang
D000818:Animals; D001362:Avoidance Learning / Q000187:drug effects; D001522:Behavior, Animal / Q000187:drug effects; D054750:Ecotoxicology / Q000379:methods; D007854:Lead / Q000633:toxicity; D019216:Metals, Heavy / Q000633:toxicity*; D009835:Oligochaeta / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000502:physiology; D010118:Oxytetracycline / Q000633:toxicity*; D012989:Soil Pollutants / Q000633:toxicity*; D015032:Zinc / Q000633:toxicity
D019216:Metals, Heavy; D012989:Soil Pollutants; D007854:Lead; D015032:Zinc; D010118:Oxytetracycline
Avoidance behavior; Lead; Oxytetracycline; Zinc