Sleep-Stage-Specific Regulation of Cortical Excitation and Inhibition.
Sleep is characterized by unique patterns of cortical activity alternating between the stages of slow-wave sleep (SWS) and rapid-eye movement (REM) sleep. How these patterns relate to the balanced activity of excitatory pyramidal cells and inhibitory interneurons in cortical circuits is unknown. We investigated cortical network activity during wakefulness, SWS, and REM sleep globally and locally using in vivo calcium imaging in mice. Wide-field imaging revealed a reduction in pyramidal cell activity during SWS compared with wakefulness and, unexpectedly, a further profound reduction in activity during REM sleep. Two-photon imaging on local circuits showed that this suppression of activity during REM sleep was accompanied by activation of parvalbumin (PV)+ interneurons, but not of somatostatin (SOM)+ interneurons. PV+ interneurons most active during wakefulness were also most active during REM sleep. Our results reveal a sleep-stage-specific regulation of the cortical excitation/inhibition balance, with PV+ interneurons conveying maximum inhibition during REM sleep, which might help shape memories in these networks.
Institute for Medical Psychology and Behavioral Neurobiology, University of Tübingen, 72076 Tübingen, Germany.
Niels
N
Niethard
Center for Integrative Neuroscience, University of Tübingen, 72076 Tübingen, Germany.
Masashi
M
Hasegawa
Center for Integrative Neuroscience, University of Tübingen, 72076 Tübingen, Germany.
Takahide
T
Itokazu
Institute for Medical Psychology and Behavioral Neurobiology, University of Tübingen, 72076 Tübingen, Germany.
Carlos N
CN
Oyanedel
Institute for Medical Psychology and Behavioral Neurobiology, University of Tübingen, 72076 Tübingen, Germany; Center for Integrative Neuroscience, University of Tübingen, 72076 Tübingen, Germany. Electronic address: jan.born@uni-tuebingen.de.
Jan
J
Born
Center for Integrative Neuroscience, University of Tübingen, 72076 Tübingen, Germany; PRESTO, Japan Science and Technology, 332-0012 Saitama, Japan. Electronic address: takashi.sato@cin.uni-tuebingen.de.
Takashi R
TR
Sato
D000818:Animals; D007395:Interneurons / Q000502:physiology*; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D010320:Parvalbumins / Q000378:metabolism; D017966:Pyramidal Cells / Q000502:physiology*; D012894:Sleep Stages / Q000502:physiology*; D012895:Sleep, REM / Q000502:physiology; D013004:Somatostatin / Q000378:metabolism; D014851:Wakefulness / Q000502:physiology*
D010320:Parvalbumins; D013004:Somatostatin
REM sleep; interneurons; in vivo calcium imaging; sleep