The efficacy of clove oil as an anaesthetic and in euthanasia procedure for small-sized tropical fishes.
Clove oil is used as a fish anesthetic because it is a natural and inexpensive product with low toxicity risks. The goal of the present study was to determine the appropriate concentration of clove oil for small-sized tropical fish to be used in mark-recapture studies or when individuals are to be sacrificed. We applied three different clove oil concentrations (D1=0.05 mL, D2=0.10 mL and D3=0.20 mL per 500 mL of water) on three small-sized fish species. We found a negative relationship between induction time and treatment for two species (Hyphessobrycon sp.1 and Hemigrammus sp.), while concentration was unrelated to recovery time. Fish body length was positively related to induction time in the D2 treatment for Hemigrammus sp., and negatively for Hyphessobrycon sp.1 in the D1 treatment, but was unrelated to recovery time for three species and treatments. Mortality rates varied across treatments, but higher rates were observed with higher clove oil concentrations. We conclude that 0.05 mL of clove oil per 500 mL of water is the most efficient dose for studies where fish will be released back to their natural habitats, while 0.20 mL of clove oil is recommended for studies that require fish euthanization for further laboratory analyses.
Universidade Federal de Rondônia - UNIR, Campus Universitário de Rolim de Moura, Avenida Norte Sul, 7300, Nova Morada, CEP 76940-000, Rolim de Moura, RO, Brazil.|Programa de Pós-graduação em Ecologia e Conservação da Biodiversidade, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso - UFMT, Avenida Fernando Corrêa da Costa, 2367, CEP 78060-900, Cuiabá, MT, Brazil.
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Fernandes
Programa de Pós-graduação em Ecologia e Conservação da Biodiversidade, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso - UFMT, Avenida Fernando Corrêa da Costa, 2367, CEP 78060-900, Cuiabá, MT, Brazil.
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Bastos
Programa de Pós-graduação em Ecologia e Conservação da Biodiversidade, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso - UFMT, Avenida Fernando Corrêa da Costa, 2367, CEP 78060-900, Cuiabá, MT, Brazil.
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Barreto
Faculdade São Paulo - FSP, Avenida 25 de Agosto, 6961, São Cristovão, CEP 76940-000, Rolim de Moura, RO, Brazil.
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Lourenço
Programa de Pós-graduação em Ecologia e Conservação da Biodiversidade, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso - UFMT, Avenida Fernando Corrêa da Costa, 2367, CEP 78060-900, Cuiabá, MT, Brazil.|Laboratório de Ecologia e Manejo de Recursos Pesqueiros, Departamento de Botânica e Ecologia, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso - UFMT, Avenida Fernando Corrêa da Costa, 2367, CEP 78060-900, Cuiabá, MT, Brazil.
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Penha
D000758:Anesthesia; D000818:Animals; D045783:Clove Oil; D005065:Euthanasia; D005399:Fishes
D045783:Clove Oil