Genetic divergence among invasive and native populations of the yellow peacock cichlid Cichla kelberi.
This study used the hypervariable domain of the mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) control region (CR) to assess the genetic divergence among native and invasive populations of Cichla kelberi, which is considered the first peacock cichlid introduced and established throughout Brazil and is among the most invasive populations of this genus worldwide. The maximum likelihood tree based on 53 CR sequences with strong bootstrap support revealed that C. kelberi forms a monophyletic clade, confirming that all 30 C. kelberi studied belong to this morphotype. Additionally, the haplotype analysis of the C. kelberi sequences from 11 sampling sites revealed that invasive populations are much less diverse than native ones and largely dominated by a single haplotype that prevailed in reservoirs at the Paraíba do Sul River basin. Two haplotypes were recorded exclusively in an invasive population at Porto Rico, southern Brazil, and one private haplotype was detected in two reservoirs from Paraíba do Sul (Pereira Passos and Paracambi), suggesting more than one introduction event and that native populations should be better evaluated to encompass the entire genetic diversity of native C. kelberi. The possible route and pathways of C. kelberi introduction are also briefly discussed.
Laboratory of Theoretical and Applied Ichthyology, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro State, Rio de Janeiro, Av. Pasteur, 458 - R314A, 22290-240, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil.
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Marques
Laboratory of Theoretical and Applied Ichthyology, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro State, Rio de Janeiro, Av. Pasteur, 458 - R314A, 22290-240, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil.|Graduate Course in Ecology, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Av. Carlos Chagas Filho, 373, 21941-902, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil.
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Franco
Grupo de Pesquisa em Biodiversidade Molecular Vegetal, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro State, Rio de Janeiro, Av. Pasteur, 458 - R512, 22290-240, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil.
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Salgueiro
Laboratory of Theoretical and Applied Ichthyology, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro State, Rio de Janeiro, Av. Pasteur, 458 - R314A, 22290-240, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil.|GRECO, Institute of Aquatic Ecology, University of Girona, E-17071, Girona, Catalonia, Spain.
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García-Berthou
Laboratory of Theoretical and Applied Ichthyology, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro State, Rio de Janeiro, Av. Pasteur, 458 - R314A, 22290-240, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil.
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Santos
D000818:Animals; D001938:Brazil; D023681:Cichlids / Q000145:classification / Q000235:genetics*; D004272:DNA, Mitochondrial / Q000737:chemistry; D040961:Genetic Drift; D014644:Genetic Variation; D006239:Haplotypes; D058865:Introduced Species; D016013:Likelihood Functions; D045483:Rivers; D017422:Sequence Analysis, DNA
D004272:DNA, Mitochondrial
Paraíba do Sul River; genetic diversity; invasive species; mitochondrial DNA; peacock bass