BK nephropathy in the native kidneys of patients with organ transplants: Clinical spectrum of BK infection.
Nephropathy secondary to BK virus, a member of the Papoviridae family of viruses, has been recognized for some time as an important cause of allograft dysfunction in renal transplant recipients. In recent times, BK nephropathy (BKN) of the native kidneys has being increasingly recognized as a cause of chronic kidney disease in patients with solid organ transplants, bone marrow transplants and in patients with other clinical entities associated with immunosuppression. In such patients renal dysfunction is often attributed to other factors including nephrotoxicity of medications used to prevent rejection of the transplanted organs. Renal biopsy is required for the diagnosis of BKN. Quantitation of the BK viral load in blood and urine are surrogate diagnostic methods. The treatment of BKN is based on reduction of the immunosuppressive medications. Several compounds have shown antiviral activity, but have not consistently shown to have beneficial effects in BKN. In addition to BKN, BK viral infection can cause severe urinary bladder cystitis, ureteritis and urinary tract obstruction as well as manifestations in other organ systems including the central nervous system, the respiratory system, the gastrointestinal system and the hematopoietic system. BK viral infection has also been implicated in tumorigenesis. The spectrum of clinical manifestations from BK infection and infection from other members of the Papoviridae family is widening. Prevention and treatment of BK infection and infections from other Papovaviruses are subjects of intense research.
Darlene Vigil, Karen S Servilla, Yijuan Sun, Kavitha Ganta, Antonios H Tzamaloukas, Nephrology Section, Medicine Service, Raymond G. Murphy VA Medical Center and Department of Medicine, University of New Mexico School of Medicine, Albuquerque, NM 87108, United States.
Darlene
D
Vigil
Darlene Vigil, Karen S Servilla, Yijuan Sun, Kavitha Ganta, Antonios H Tzamaloukas, Nephrology Section, Medicine Service, Raymond G. Murphy VA Medical Center and Department of Medicine, University of New Mexico School of Medicine, Albuquerque, NM 87108, United States.
Nikifor K
NK
Konstantinov
Darlene Vigil, Karen S Servilla, Yijuan Sun, Kavitha Ganta, Antonios H Tzamaloukas, Nephrology Section, Medicine Service, Raymond G. Murphy VA Medical Center and Department of Medicine, University of New Mexico School of Medicine, Albuquerque, NM 87108, United States.
Marc
M
Barry
Darlene Vigil, Karen S Servilla, Yijuan Sun, Kavitha Ganta, Antonios H Tzamaloukas, Nephrology Section, Medicine Service, Raymond G. Murphy VA Medical Center and Department of Medicine, University of New Mexico School of Medicine, Albuquerque, NM 87108, United States.
Antonia M
AM
Harford
Darlene Vigil, Karen S Servilla, Yijuan Sun, Kavitha Ganta, Antonios H Tzamaloukas, Nephrology Section, Medicine Service, Raymond G. Murphy VA Medical Center and Department of Medicine, University of New Mexico School of Medicine, Albuquerque, NM 87108, United States.
Karen S
KS
Servilla
Darlene Vigil, Karen S Servilla, Yijuan Sun, Kavitha Ganta, Antonios H Tzamaloukas, Nephrology Section, Medicine Service, Raymond G. Murphy VA Medical Center and Department of Medicine, University of New Mexico School of Medicine, Albuquerque, NM 87108, United States.
Young Ho
YH
Kim
Darlene Vigil, Karen S Servilla, Yijuan Sun, Kavitha Ganta, Antonios H Tzamaloukas, Nephrology Section, Medicine Service, Raymond G. Murphy VA Medical Center and Department of Medicine, University of New Mexico School of Medicine, Albuquerque, NM 87108, United States.
Yijuan
Y
Sun
Darlene Vigil, Karen S Servilla, Yijuan Sun, Kavitha Ganta, Antonios H Tzamaloukas, Nephrology Section, Medicine Service, Raymond G. Murphy VA Medical Center and Department of Medicine, University of New Mexico School of Medicine, Albuquerque, NM 87108, United States.
Kavitha
K
Ganta
Darlene Vigil, Karen S Servilla, Yijuan Sun, Kavitha Ganta, Antonios H Tzamaloukas, Nephrology Section, Medicine Service, Raymond G. Murphy VA Medical Center and Department of Medicine, University of New Mexico School of Medicine, Albuquerque, NM 87108, United States.
Antonios H
AH
Tzamaloukas
BK nephropathy; BK viral infection; Bone marrow transplant; Cardiac transplant; Liver transplant; Lung transplant; Pancreatic transplant
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