Effect of National Schistosomiasis Control Programme onTaenia soliumtaeniosis and porcine cysticercosis in rural communities of Tanzania.
Taenia soliumis found throughout sub-Saharan Africa and co-endemic with schistosomiasis in many regions.Taenia soliumleads to taeniosis and neurocysticercosis - the leading cause of preventable epilepsy globally. This study aimed to assess the effects of the National Schistosomiasis Control Programme on prevalence of taeniosis and porcine cysticercosis over a four year period in Tanzania. School-based mass drug administration (MDA) of praziquantel was carried out based on schistosomiasis endemicity. Four human and five porcine cross-sectional surveys were carried out from 2012 to 2015 in Mbozi and Mbeya district in Tanzania. Three rounds of school-based MDA of praziquantel were delivered in Mbozi and two in Mbeya. The prevalence of taeniosis and porcine cysticercosis was estimated annually. Stool samples were collected from humans and prevalence of taeniosis estimated by copro-Ag-ELISA. Blood samples from pigs were collected to estimate cysticercosis prevalence by Ag-ELISA. "Track-and-treat" of taeniosis cases was carried out after each survey. In total 12082 stool samples and 4579 porcine serum samples were collected. Significantly fewer children (≤ 15) from Mbozi were infected throughout the study than children from Mbeya who showed a significant decrease in copro-Ag prevalence after the first treatment only. During the final survey in Mbozi the prevalence of taeniosis in adults (1.8%) was significantly lower (p = 0.031, OR 0.40, CI: 0.17-0.89), compared to baseline (4.1%). The prevalence of porcine cysticercosis (8%) had also dropped significantly (p = 0.002, OR 0.49, CI: 0.32-0.76) in this district compared to baseline (13%), whereas no significant difference was seen in Mbeya compared to baseline. The study suggests that three rounds of MDA targeting schistosomiasis in school-aged children combined with 'track-and-treat' contributed to a reduction in prevalence ofT. soliumin this population, and also had a spillover effect on adults in treated areas as well as reducing the prevalence ofT. soliumin the intermediate pig host population. Elimination ofT. soliumin this area would require a One Health approach.
Section for Parasitology and Aquatic Diseases, Department of Veterinary Disease Biology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, DK-1870 Frederiksberg, Denmark.
Uffe Christian
UC
Braae
Section for Parasitology and Aquatic Diseases, Department of Veterinary Disease Biology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, DK-1870 Frederiksberg, Denmark; Centre for Medical Parasitology, Faculty of Health of Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, DK-1353 Copenhagen, Denmark.
Pascal
P
Magnussen
Faculty of Medicine, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, United Kingdom.
Wendy
W
Harrison
Bora Professional Consultancy Services, Iringa, Tanzania.
Benedict
B
Ndawi
Faculty of Agriculture, Sokoine University of Agriculture, Morogoro, Tanzania.
Faustin
F
Lekule
Section for Parasitology and Aquatic Diseases, Department of Veterinary Disease Biology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, DK-1870 Frederiksberg, Denmark.
Maria Vang
MV
Johansen
Cysticercosis; Mass drug administration (MDA); Preventive chemotherapy; Taenia solium; Taeniosis
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