Prehospital Nitroglycerin in Tachycardic Chest Pain Patients: A Risk for Hypotension or Not?
The American Heart Association guidelines (AHA) guidelines list tachycardia as a contraindication for the administration of nitroglycerin (NTG), despite limited evidence of adverse events. We sought to determine whether NTG administered for chest pain was a predictor of hypotension (systolic blood pressure <90 mmHg) in patients with tachycardia, compared to patients without tachycardia (50≥ heart rate ≤100).



We performed a retrospective cohort study using patient care reports completed by basic life support (BLS) providers in a large urban Canadian EMS system for the period 2010-2012. We used logistic regression to test the association between post-NTG hypotension and tachycardia, independent of pre-NTG blood pressure, age, sex, and comorbidities. Using identical models, we tested four secondary outcomes (drop in blood pressure, reduced consciousness, bradycardia, and cardiac arrest).



The cohort included 10,308 patients who were administered NTG by BLS in the prehospital setting; 2,057 (20%) of patients were tachycardic before NTG administration. Hypotension occurred in 320 of all patients (3.1%): 239 without tachycardia (2.9%) and 81 with tachycardia (3.9%). Compared to non-tachycardic patients, tachycardic patients showed increased adjusted odds of hypotension (AOR: 1.60; 95% CI: 1.23-2.08) or of a drop in blood pressure of 30mm Hg or greater (AOR: 1.11; CI: 1.00-1.24). Tachycardia was associated with decreased odds of bradycardia (OR: 0.33; CI: 0.17-0.64). We did not find a significant association between tachycardia and either post-NTG reduced level of consciousness or cardiac arrest. We did find a strong, significant association between pre-NTG blood pressure and post-NTG hypotension (AOR for units of 10mmHg: 0.64; CI: 0.61-0.69).



Hypotension following prehospital administration of NTG was infrequent in patients with chest pain. However, while the absolute risk of NTG-induced hypotension was low, patients with pre-NTG tachycardia had a significant increase in the relative risk of hypotension. In addition, hypotension occurred most frequently in patients presenting with a lower pre-NTG blood pressure, which may prove to be a more discriminating basis for future guidelines. EMS medical directors should review BLS chest pain protocols to weigh the benefits of NTG administration against its risks.
Marie-Hélène
MH
Proulx
Luc
L
de Montigny
Dave
D
Ross
Charlene
C
Vacon
Louis Enock
LE
Juste
Eli
E
Segal
D000787:Angina Pectoris / Q000188:drug therapy*; D004632:Emergency Medical Services; D006801:Humans; D007022:Hypotension / Q000139:chemically induced*; D005996:Nitroglycerin / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D013610:Tachycardia; D014665:Vasodilator Agents / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use*
D014665:Vasodilator Agents; D005996:Nitroglycerin
emergency medical services; hypotension; nitroglycerin; prehospital care; tachycardia