Hair follicle characteristics as early marker of Type 2 Diabetes.
Type 2 Diabetes mellitus (DM2) includes a continuum of metabolic disorders characterized by hyperglycemia that causes several chronic long-term complications such as coronary artery disease, peripheral arterial disease, nephropathy, and neuropathy. The hair follicle could reveal signs of early vascular impairment, yet its relationship to early metabolic injuries has been largely ignored. We propose that in earlier stages of the continuum of DM2-related metabolic disorders, a group of susceptible patients who do not yet meet the diagnostic criteria to be considered as persons with DM2 may present chronic vascular impairment and end organ damage, including hair follicle damage, which can be evaluated to identify an early risk marker. This hypothesis is based in the association found between insulin resistance and alopecia in non-diabetic persons, and the hair loss on the lower limbs as a manifestation of long-term peripheral arterial disease among subjects with DM2. In order to test this hypothesis, studies are required to evaluate if hair follicle characteristics are related to and can predict hyperglycemic complications, and if they do so, which feature of the hair follicle, such as hair growth, best characterizes such DM2-related conditions. If this hypothesis were proven to be true, significant advances towards a personalized approach for early prevention strategies and management of DM2 would be made. By focusing on the hair follicles, early stages of metabolic-related organ damage could be identified using non-invasive low-cost techniques. In so doing, this approach could provide early identification of DM2-susceptible individuals and lead to the early initiation of adequate primary prevention strategies to reduce or avoid the onset of large internal organ damage.
CRONICAS Center of Excellence in Chronic Diseases, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima, Peru; School of Medicine, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima, Peru. Electronic address: Jaime.Miranda@upch.pe.
J Jaime
JJ
Miranda
CRONICAS Center of Excellence in Chronic Diseases, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima, Peru.
Alvaro
A
Taype-Rondan
CRONICAS Center of Excellence in Chronic Diseases, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima, Peru; School of Medicine, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima, Peru; CONEVID, Unidad de Conocimiento y Evidencia, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima, Peru.
Jose Carlos
JC
Tapia
CRONICAS Center of Excellence in Chronic Diseases, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima, Peru; School of Medicine, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima, Peru.
Maria Gabriela
MG
Gastanadui-Gonzalez
CRONICAS Center of Excellence in Chronic Diseases, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima, Peru; School of Medicine, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima, Peru.
Ricardo
R
Roman-Carpio
D000375:Aging; D000505:Alopecia / Q000150:complications; D000596:Amino Acids / Q000097:blood / Q000378:metabolism; D001327:Autoimmune Diseases / Q000150:complications; D003924:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / Q000097:blood / Q000175:diagnosis*; D018450:Disease Progression; D005006:Ethnicity; D005260:Female; D006197:Hair / Q000502:physiology; D018859:Hair Follicle / Q000503:physiopathology*; D006801:Humans; D006943:Hyperglycemia / Q000097:blood; D007333:Insulin Resistance; D008297:Male; D008962:Models, Theoretical; D012107:Research Design; D012306:Risk; D012621:Seasons
D000596:Amino Acids
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