Acute breathing patterns in healthy and heart disease participants during cycling at different levels of immersion.
We aimed to determine the effect of aquatic cycling and different levels of immersion on respiratory responses in healthy and heart disease (HD) volunteers. Thirty-four age matched volunteers, 21 HD and 13 healthy controls (HC) took part in this study. The ventilatory pattern, phase 1VEand steady-state ventilatory responses to progressive exercise from 40 to peak rpm, were measured while participants exercised on a water stationary bike (WSB) at different levels of immersion. No effect of immersion was observed on steady-state respiratory responses in the HD group, but immersion reduced VEphase 1 by ∼79% at pedaling cadences of 40, 50 and 60rpm. In conclusion, immersion at hips and xiphoid process blunted the fast drive to breathe in the HD group. This transient effect on the respiratory response to immersed exercise cannot be considered a contraindication for exercise in HD individuals.
Department of kinesiology, Université Laval, 2300 rue de la Terrasse, Quebec, (QC), G1V 0A6, Canada. Electronic address: andree.dionne.1@ulaval.ca.
Andrée
A
Dionne
Department of Health Sciences, University of Quebec in Chicoutimi, 555 University boulevard, Saguenay, (QC), G7H 2B1, Canada; Centre for Interdisciplinary Research on Quality and Healthy Lifestyle, University of Quebec in Chicoutimi, 555 University boulevard, Saguenay, (QC), G7H 2B1, Canada. Electronic address: mario.leone@uqac.ca.
Mario
M
Leone
Department of Physical Activity Sciences, University of Quebec in Montreal, C.P. 8888, succ, Centre-ville, Montreal, (QC), H3C 3P8, Canada. Electronic address: andrich.david@courrier.uqam.ca.
David E
DE
Andrich
Department of kinesiology, Université Laval, 2300 rue de la Terrasse, Quebec, (QC), G1V 0A6, Canada. Electronic address: louis.perusse@kin.ulaval.ca.
Louis
L
Pérusse
Department of Physical Activity Sciences, University of Quebec in Montreal, C.P. 8888, succ, Centre-ville, Montreal, (QC), H3C 3P8, Canada; Centre for Interdisciplinary Research on Quality and Healthy Lifestyle, University of Quebec in Chicoutimi, 555 University boulevard, Saguenay, (QC), G7H 2B1, Canada. Electronic address: comtois.alain-steve@uqam.ca.
Alain Steve
AS
Comtois
D000368:Aged; D001642:Bicycling / Q000502:physiology*; D002245:Carbon Dioxide / Q000378:metabolism; D002317:Cardiovascular Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use; D005081:Exercise Therapy; D005260:Female; D006331:Heart Diseases / Q000503:physiopathology* / Q000628:therapy; D006801:Humans; D007101:Immersion / Q000503:physiopathology*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D012119:Respiration; D013990:Tidal Volume; D014867:Water
D002317:Cardiovascular Agents; D014867:Water; D002245:Carbon Dioxide
Heart disease; Ventilatory flow; Water immersion; Water stationary bike