A proposal for a test method for assessment of hazard property HP 12 ("Release of an acute toxic gas") in hazardous waste classification - Experience from 49 waste.
A stepwise method for assessment of the HP 12 is proposed and tested with 49 waste samples. The hazard property HP 12 is defined as "Release of an acute toxic gas": waste which releases acute toxic gases (Acute Tox. 1, 2 or 3) in contact with water or an acid. When a waste contains a substance assigned to one of the following supplemental hazards EUH029, EUH031 and EUH032, it shall be classified as hazardous by HP 12 according to test methods or guidelines (EC, 2014a, 2014b). When the substances with the cited hazard statement codes react with water or an acid, they can release HCl, Cl2, HF, HCN, PH3, H2S, SO2(and two other gases very unlikely to be emitted, hydrazoic acid HN3and selenium oxide SeO2- a solid with low vapor pressure). Hence, a method is proposed:For a set of 49 waste, water addition did not produce gas. Nearly all the solid waste produced a gas in contact with hydrochloric acid in 5 min in an automated calcimeter with a volume >0.1L of gas per kg of waste. Since a plateau of pressure is reached only for half of the samples in 5 min, 6 h trial with calorimetric bombs or glass flasks were done and confirmed the results. Identification of the gases by portable probes showed that most of the tested samples emit mainly CO2. Toxic gases are emitted by four waste: metallic dust from the aluminum industry (CO), two air pollution control residue of industrial waste incinerator (H2S) and a halogenated solvent (organic volatile(s) compound(s)). HF has not been measured in these trials started before the present definition of HP 12. According to the definition of HP 12, only the H2S emission of substances with hazard statement EUH031 is accounted for. In view of the calcium content of the two air pollution control residue, the presence of calcium sulphide (EUH031) can be assumed. These two waste are therefore classified potentially hazardous for HP 12, from a total of 49 waste. They are also classified as hazardous for other properties (HP 7, 10and14 for one of them, and HP 10and14 for the other one respectively). Given these results, it can be assumed that few common household and industrial waste will be classified hazardous only by HP 12.
INERIS - Institut National de l'Environnement Industriel et des Risques, Domaine du Petit Arbois BP33, F-13545 Aix-en-Provence, France. Electronic address: pierre.hennebert@ineris.fr.
Pierre
P
Hennebert
INERIS - Institut National de l'Environnement Industriel et des Risques, Domaine du Petit Arbois BP33, F-13545 Aix-en-Provence, France.
Ismahen
I
Samaali
INERIS - Institut National de l'Environnement Industriel et des Risques, Domaine du Petit Arbois BP33, F-13545 Aix-en-Provence, France.
Pauline
P
Molina
D000535:Aluminum; D002713:Chlorine / Q000737:chemistry; D054750:Ecotoxicology / Q000379:methods*; D005062:European Union; D005740:Gases / Q000032:analysis / Q000737:chemistry; D006256:Hazardous Waste / Q000032:analysis / Q000145:classification; D006851:Hydrochloric Acid / Q000737:chemistry; D006862:Hydrogen Sulfide / Q000032:analysis / Q000737:chemistry; D017745:Incineration; D007220:Industrial Waste; D008669:Metallurgy / Q000379:methods; D062611:Solid Waste / Q000032:analysis
D005740:Gases; D006256:Hazardous Waste; D007220:Industrial Waste; D062611:Solid Waste; D002713:Chlorine; D000535:Aluminum; D006851:Hydrochloric Acid; D006862:Hydrogen Sulfide
EUH029; EUH031; EUH032; European waste legislation; Gas identification; Gas measurement; H(2)S; Industrial air pollution control residue; Liquid waste; Solid waste; Toxic gas release