Prostate cancer risk related to foods, food groups, macronutrients and micronutrients derived from the UK Dietary Cohort Consortium food diaries.
The influence of dietary factors remains controversial for screen-detected prostate cancer and inconclusive for clinically detected disease. We aimed to examine these associations using prospectively collected food diaries.



A total of 1,717 prostate cancer cases in middle-aged and older UK men were pooled from four prospective cohorts with clinically detected disease (n=663), with routine data follow-up (means 6.6-13.3 years) and a case-control study with screen-detected disease (n=1054), nested in a randomised trial of prostate cancer treatments (ISCTRN 20141297). Multiple-day food diaries (records) completed by men prior to diagnosis were used to estimate intakes of 37 selected nutrients, food groups and items, including carbohydrate, fat, protein, dairy products, fish, meat, fruit and vegetables, energy, fibre, alcohol, lycopene and selenium. Cases were matched on age and diary date to at least one control within study (n=3528). Prostate cancer risk was calculated, using conditional logistic regression (adjusted for baseline covariates) and expressed as odds ratios in each quintile of intake (±95% confidence intervals). Prostate cancer risk was also investigated by localised or advanced stage and by cancer detection method.



There were no strong associations between prostate cancer risk and 37 dietary factors.



Prostate cancer risk, including by disease stage, was not strongly associated with dietary factors measured by food diaries in middle-aged and older UK men.
School of Social and Community Medicine, University of Bristol Bristol, UK.|NIHR Biomedical Research Unit in Nutrition, Diet and Lifestyle, Level 3, University Hospitals Bristol Education Centre, Bristol, UK.
J A
JA
Lane
University of York and Hull York Medical School, York, UK.
S E
SE
Oliver
Cancer Epidemiology Unit, Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.
P N
PN
Appleby
Medical Research Council Centre for Nutritional Epidemiology in Cancer Prevention and Survival, Cambridge, UK.
M A H
MA
Lentjes
School of Social and Community Medicine, University of Bristol Bristol, UK.
P
P
Emmett
Medical Research Council Unit for Lifelong Health and Ageing at UCL, London, UK.
D
D
Kuh
Medical Research Council Unit for Lifelong Health and Ageing at UCL, London, UK.|Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Surrey, Guildford, Surrey, UK.
A
A
Stephen
Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, University College London, London, UK.
E J
EJ
Brunner
Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, University College London, London, UK.
M J
MJ
Shipley
Nuffield Department of Surgical Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.
F C
FC
Hamdy
Cambridge University and Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Trust, Cambridge, UK.
D E
DE
Neal
School of Social and Community Medicine, University of Bristol Bristol, UK.
J L
JL
Donovan
Medical Research Council Centre for Nutritional Epidemiology in Cancer Prevention and Survival, Cambridge, UK.|Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.
K-T
KT
Khaw
Cancer Epidemiology Unit, Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.
T J
TJ
Key
D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D004032:Diet / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D015930:Diet Records; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D005502:Food / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D006801:Humans; D016015:Logistic Models; D008297:Male; D018977:Micronutrients / Q000032:analysis*; D008875:Middle Aged; D016017:Odds Ratio; D011446:Prospective Studies; D011471:Prostatic Neoplasms / Q000209:etiology*; D012307:Risk Factors; D006113:United Kingdom
D018977:Micronutrients
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