Inundation of asthma target research: Untangling asthma riddles.
Asthma is an inveterate inflammatory disorder, delineated by the airway inflammation, bronchial hyperresponsiveness (BHR) and airway wall remodeling. Although, asthma is a vague term, and is recognized as heterogenous entity encompassing different phenotypes. Targeting single mediator or receptor did not prove much clinical significant, as asthma is complex disease involving myriad inflammatory mediators. Asthma may probably involve a large number of different types of molecular and cellular components interacting through complex pathophysiological pathways. This review covers the past, present, and future therapeutic approaches and pathophysiological mechanisms of asthma. Furthermore, review describe importance of targeting several mediators/modulators and receptor antagonists involved in the physiopathology of asthma. Novel targets for asthma research include Galectins, Immunological targets, K+Channels, Kinases and Transcription Factors, Toll-like receptors, Selectins and Transient receptor potential channels. But recent developments in asthma research are very promising, these include Bitter taste receptors (TAS2R) abated airway obstruction in mouse model of asthma and Calcium-sensing receptor obliterate inflammation and in bronchial hyperresponsiveness allergic asthma. All these progresses in asthma targets, and asthma phenotypes exploration are auspicious in untangling of asthma riddles.
Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Drug Research, Punjabi University, Patiala, 147002, Punjab, India.
Jatinder
J
Singh
Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Drug Research, Punjabi University, Patiala, 147002, Punjab, India.
Ramanpreet
R
Shah
Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Drug Research, Punjabi University, Patiala, 147002, Punjab, India. Electronic address: ddd300@gmail.com.
Dhandeep
D
Singh
D000402:Airway Obstruction / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000473:pathology; D056151:Airway Remodeling / Q000187:drug effects; D000818:Animals; D018927:Anti-Asthmatic Agents / Q000494:pharmacology*; D001249:Asthma / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000503:physiopathology; D016535:Bronchial Hyperreactivity / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000503:physiopathology; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D015195:Drug Design; D006801:Humans; D007249:Inflammation / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000503:physiopathology; D051379:Mice; D058990:Molecular Targeted Therapy
D018927:Anti-Asthmatic Agents
Airway inflammation; Asthma; Asthma receptors; Bitter taste receptors; Calcium-sensing receptor; T cells; Transcription factors