Detection of human fecal contamination by nifH gene quantification of marine waters in the coastal beaches of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
The identification of fecal pollution in aquatic ecosystems is one of the requirements to assess the possible risks to human health. In this report, physicochemical parameters, Escherichia coli enumeration and Methanobrevibacter smithii nifH gene quantification were conducted at 13 marine waters in the coastal beaches of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. The pH, turbidity, dissolved oxygen, temperature, and conductivity, carried out by mobile equipment, revealed varied levels due to specific conditions of the beaches. The bioindicators' enumerations were done by defined substrate method, conventional, and real-time PCR. Six marine beach sites (46 %) presenting E. coli levels in compliance with Brazilian water quality guidelines (<2500 MPN/100 mL) showed nifH gene between 5.7 × 109to 9.5 × 1011copies. L-1revealing poor correlation between the two approaches. To our knowledge, this is the first inquiry in qPCR using nifH gene as a biomarker of human-specific sources of sewage pollution in marine waters in Brazil. In addition, our data suggests that alternative indicator nifH gene could be used, in combination with other markers, for source tracking studies to measure the quality of marine ecosystems thereby contributing to improved microbial risk assessment.
Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Instituto Nacional de Controle de Qualidade em Saúde, Avenida Brasil, 4365, Maguinhos, Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
Samara Sant'Anna
SS
Oliveira
Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Instituto de Bioquímica Médica, Ilha do Fundão, Cidade Universitária, Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
Marcos Henrique Ferreira
MHF
Sorgine
Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Instituto Nacional de Controle de Qualidade em Saúde, Avenida Brasil, 4365, Maguinhos, Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
Kayo
K
Bianco
Instituto de Biologia Roberto Alcântara Gomes, Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, Avenida 28 de setembro, 87, Vila Isabel, Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
Leonardo Henriques
LH
Pinto
Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Instituto Nacional de Controle de Qualidade em Saúde, Avenida Brasil, 4365, Maguinhos, Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
Camila
C
Barreto
Instituto de Biologia Roberto Alcântara Gomes, Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, Avenida 28 de setembro, 87, Vila Isabel, Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
Rodolpho Mattos
RM
Albano
Fundação Centro Universitário Estadual da Zona Oeste, UEZO, Av. Manuel Caldeira de Alvarenga, 1203, Campo Grande, Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
Alexander Machado
AM
Cardoso
Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Instituto Nacional de Controle de Qualidade em Saúde, Avenida Brasil, 4365, Maguinhos, Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. maysa.mandetta@incqs.fiocruz.br.
Maysa Mandetta
MM
Clementino
D001493:Bathing Beaches / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D001938:Brazil; D004926:Escherichia coli / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D005243:Feces; D019766:Genes, Archaeal; D006801:Humans; D041581:Methanobrevibacter / Q000235:genetics / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D060888:Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction; D012722:Sewage / Q000032:analysis; D014871:Water Microbiology; D060753:Water Quality
D012722:Sewage
Fecal indicator; Human fecal pollution; Marine water quality; Methanobrevibacter smithii; nifH gene; qPCR
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