Associations of Novel and Traditional Vascular Biomarkers of Arterial Stiffness: Results of the SAPALDIA 3 Cohort Study.
OBJECTIVE
There is a lack of evidence concerning associations between novel parameters of arterial stiffness as cardiovascular risk markers and traditional structural and functional vascular biomarkers in a population-based Caucasian cohort. We examined these associations in the second follow-up of the Swiss Cohort Study on Air Pollution and Lung and Heart Diseases in Adults (SAPALDIA 3).


METHODS
Arterial stiffness was measured oscillometrically by pulse wave analysis to derive the cardio-ankle vascular index (CAVI), brachial-ankle (baPWV) and aortic pulse wave velocity (aPWV), and amplitude of the forward and backward wave. Carotid ultrasonography was used to measure carotid intima-media thickness (cIMT) and carotid lumen diameter (LD), and to derive a distensibility coefficient (DC). We used multivariable linear regression models adjusted for several potential confounders for 2,733 people aged 50-81 years.


RESULTS
CAVI, aPWV and the amplitude of the forward and backward wave were significant predictors of cIMT (p < 0.001). All parameters were significantly associated with LD (p < 0.001), with aPWV and the amplitude of the forward wave explaining the highest proportion of variance (2%). Only CAVI and baPWV were significant predictors of DC (p < 0.001), explaining more than 0.3% of the DC variance.


CONCLUSIONS
We demonstrated that novel non-invasive oscillometric arterial stiffness parameters are differentially associated with specific established structural and functional local stiffness parameters. Longitudinal studies are needed to follow-up on these cross-sectional findings and to evaluate their relevance for clinical phenotypes.
Department of Sport, Exercise and Health, Div. Sports and Exercise Medicine, University of Basel, Switzerland.
Simon
http://orcid.org/0000-0002-2193-0114
S
Endes
Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute, Basel, Switzerland.|University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland.
Seraina
S
Caviezel
Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute, Basel, Switzerland.|University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland.
Emmanuel
E
Schaffner
Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute, Basel, Switzerland.|University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland.
Julia
J
Dratva
Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute, Basel, Switzerland.|University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland.
Christian
C
Schindler
Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute, Basel, Switzerland.|University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland.
Nino
N
Künzli
Biomedical Systems, Health & Environment Department, AIT Austrian Institute of Technology GmbH, Vienna, Austria.
Martin
M
Bachler
Biomedical Systems, Health & Environment Department, AIT Austrian Institute of Technology GmbH, Vienna, Austria.
Siegfried
S
Wassertheurer
Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute, Basel, Switzerland.|University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland.
Nicole
N
Probst-Hensch
Department of Sport, Exercise and Health, Div. Sports and Exercise Medicine, University of Basel, Switzerland.
Arno
A
Schmidt-Trucksäss
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