Relative differences in resting-state brain connectivity associated with long term intensive lifestyle intervention.
A number of studies have reported that type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is associated with alterations in resting-state activity and connectivity in the brain. There is also evidence that interventions involving physical activity and weight loss may affect brain functional connectivity. In this study, we examined the effects of nearly 10 years of an intensive lifestyle intervention (ILI), designed to induce and sustain weight loss through lower caloric intake and increased physical activity, on resting-state networks in adults with T2DM. We performed a cross-sectional comparison of global and local characteristics from functional brain networks between individuals who had been randomly assigned to ILI or a control condition of health education and support. Upon examining brain networks from 312 participants (average age: 68.8 for ILI and 67.9 for controls), we found that ILI participants (N=160) had attenuated local efficiency at the network-level compared with controls (N=152). Although there was no group difference in the network-level global efficiency, we found that, among ILI participants, nodal global efficiency was elevated in left fusiform gyrus, right middle frontal gyrus, and pars opercularis of right inferior frontal gyrus. These effects were age-dependent, with more pronounced effects for older participants. Overall these results indicate that the individuals assigned to the ILI had brain networks with less regional and more global connectivity, particularly involving frontal lobes. Such patterns would support greater distributed information processing. Future studies are needed to determine if these differences are associated with age-related compensatory function in the ILI group or worse pathology in the control group.
Department of Biostatistical Sciences, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, USA. Electronic address: casanova@wakehealth.edu.
Ramon
R
Casanova
Department of Psychology, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA. Electronic address: Hayasaka@utexas.edu.
Satoru
S
Hayasaka
Department of Biostatistical Sciences, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, USA. Electronic address: ssaldana@wakehealth.edu.
Santiago
S
Saldana
Department of Radiology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA. Electronic address: r.nick.bryan@uphs.upenn.edu.
Nick R
NR
Bryan
Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Department of Psychiatry & Human Behavior, The Miriam Hospital Providence, RI, USA. Electronic address: Kathryn_demos@brown.edu.
Kathryn E
KE
Demos
Department of Radiology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA. Electronic address: lisa.desiderio@uphs.upenn.edu.
Lisa
L
Desiderio
Department of Psychology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA. Electronic address: kiericks@pitt.edu.
Kirk I
KI
Erickson
Department of Biostatistical Sciences, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, USA. Electronic address: mespelan@wakehealth.edu.
Mark A
MA
Espeland
Department of Radiology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA. Electronic address: ilya.nasrallah@uphs.upenn.edu.
Ilya M
IM
Nasrallah
Department of Psychiatry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA. Electronic address: wadden@mail.med.upenn.edu.
Thomas
T
Wadden
Department of Radiology, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, USA. Electronic address: plaurient@wakehealth.edu.
Paul J
PJ
Laurienti
D000368:Aged; D001835:Body Weight / Q000502:physiology*; D000068959:Body Weight Maintenance / Q000502:physiology; D002540:Cerebral Cortex / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000503:physiopathology*; D063132:Connectome / Q000379:methods*; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D003924:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / Q000178:diet therapy / Q000628:therapy*; D004035:Diet Therapy / Q000379:methods*; D015444:Exercise / Q000502:physiology; D005081:Exercise Therapy / Q000379:methods*; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009415:Nerve Net / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000503:physiopathology*; D040242:Risk Reduction Behavior; D015431:Weight Loss / Q000502:physiology
Brain networks; Functional connectivity; Resting-state fMRI; Type 2 diabetes mellitus; Weight-loss intervention
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