Determination of volatile polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in waters using headspace solid-phase microextraction with a benzyl-functionalized crosslinked polymeric ionic liquid coating.
A benzyl-functionalized crosslinked polymeric ionic liquid (PIL), produced through the co-polymerization of the 1-vinylbenzyl-3-hexadecylimidazolium bis[(trifluoromethyl)sulfonyl]imide (VBHDIM-NTf2) ionic liquid (IL) monomer and 1,12-di(3-vinylbenzylimidazolium)dodecane bis[(trifluoromethyl)sulfonyl]imide ((DVBIM)2C12-2NTf2) IL crosslinker, was successfully used as a sorbent coating in headspace solid-phase microextraction (SPME) coupled to gas chromatography (GC) with flame-ionization detection (FID) to determine seven volatile polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in environmental water samples. Optimum extraction conditions for the PAHs when using the novel sorbent include an extraction temperature of 50°C, an ionic strength content adjusted with 30% (w/v) NaCl in the aqueous sample, and an extraction time of 60 min. The extraction performance of the crosslinked PIL fiber was compared to the SPME commercial coating polydimethylsiloxane fiber. The calibration ranges of the studied PAHs were linear in the range of 0.02-20 µg L-1for the crosslinked PIL fiber. The accuracy of the proposed method was demonstrated by examining the spiked recoveries of seven PAHs which produced values ranging from 67.2% to 130% (for river- and seawater samples), and precision values lower than 9.4% for a spiked level of 1 µg L-1, and detection limits between 0.01 and 0.04 µg L-1, which supports the sensitivity of the method using GC-FID.
a Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science , Dokuz Eylul University , Izmir , Turkey.
Melek
M
Merdivan
b Department of Chemistry, Analytical Chemistry Division , University of La Laguna , La Laguna , Spain.
Verónica
http://orcid.org/0000-0002-1698-5524
V
Pino
c Department of Chemistry , Iowa State University , Ames , IA , USA.
Jared L
JL
Anderson
D052578:Ionic Liquids; D011084:Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons / Q000032:analysis*; D011108:Polymers; D052617:Solid Phase Microextraction; D014867:Water; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical / Q000032:analysis*
D052578:Ionic Liquids; D011084:Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons; D011108:Polymers; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical; D014867:Water
Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons; environmental water samples; gas chromatography; headspace solid-phase microextraction; polymeric ionic liquid