Testing the Role of Dorsal Premotor Cortex in Auditory-Motor Association Learning Using Transcranical Magnetic Stimulation (TMS).
Interactions between the auditory and the motor systems are critical in music as well as in other domains, such as speech. The premotor cortex, specifically the dorsal premotor cortex (dPMC), seems to play a key role in auditory-motor integration, and in mapping the association between a sound and the movement used to produce it. In the present studies we tested the causal role of the dPMC in learning and applying auditory-motor associations using 1 Hz repetitive Transcranical Magnetic Stimulation (rTMS). In this paradigm, non-musicians learn a set of auditory-motor associations through melody training in two contexts: first when the sound to key-press mapping was in a conventional sequential order (low to high tones mapped onto keys from left to right), and then when it was in a novel scrambled order. Participant's ability to match the four pitches to four computer keys was tested before and after the training. In both experiments, the group that received 1 Hz rTMS over the dPMC showed no significant improvement on the pitch-matching task following training, whereas the control group (who received rTMS to visual cortex) did. Moreover, in Experiment 2 where the pitch-key mapping was novel, rTMS over the dPMC also interfered with learning. These findings suggest that rTMS over dPMC disturbs the formation of auditory-motor associations, especially when the association is novel and must be learned rather explicitly. The present results contribute to a better understanding of the role of dPMC in auditory-motor integration, suggesting a critical role of dPMC in learning the link between an action and its associated sound.
Department of Psychology, University of Milano-Bicocca, Milano, Italy.
Carlotta
C
Lega
Brain Mind Institute, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland.|Department of Psychology, Concordia University, Montreal, QC, Canada.
Marianne A
MA
Stephan
Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada.|International Laboratory for Brain, Music and Sound Research (BRAMS), University of Montreal, Montreal, QC, Canada.
Robert J
RJ
Zatorre
Department of Psychology, Concordia University, Montreal, QC, Canada.|International Laboratory for Brain, Music and Sound Research (BRAMS), University of Montreal, Montreal, QC, Canada.
Virginia
V
Penhune
J Neurosci. 2006 Jan 4;26(1):117-25
16399678
Cognition. 2006 May;100(1):100-30
16412412
Cereb Cortex. 2016 Jul;26(7):3125-34
26139842
Brain. 2001 Mar;124(Pt 3):571-86
11222457
Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci. 2005 Apr 29;360(1456):781-95
15937012
J Neurosci. 2007 Oct 10;27(41):11003-8
17928441
J Cogn Neurosci. 2008 Feb;20(2):226-39
18275331
Hum Brain Mapp. 2008 Jan;29(1):82-96
17318831
Science. 2001 Apr 20;292(5516):510-2
11313497
Prog Brain Res. 2015;217:57-86
25725910
Neuroimage. 2012 Feb 15;59(4):3723-35
22040737
Behav Brain Res. 1985 Aug;16(2-3):95-101
4041217
Trends Cogn Sci. 2000 Apr;4(4):131-138
10740277
Q J Exp Psychol A. 2003 May;56(4):685-703
12745836
Hum Brain Mapp. 2005 Mar;24(3):229-47
15543554
Hear Res. 2011 Jan;271(1-2):16-25
20850511
Clin Neurophysiol. 2009 Jun;120(6):1195-203
19410505
Curr Opin Neurobiol. 2001 Dec;11(6):663-72
11741015
Cognition. 2006 Mar;99(2):113-29
15925355
J Neurophysiol. 2006 Jun;95(6):3596-616
16495361
J Neurophysiol. 1994 Mar;71(3):1151-64
8201409
Nat Rev Neurosci. 2007 Jul;8(7):547-58
17585307
J Neurosci. 2006 Feb 22;26(8):2260-8
16495453
Cortex. 2012 Jan;48(1):82-96
22088488
Neuroimage. 2003 Nov;20(3):1817-29
14642491
Nature. 2004 Oct 21;431(7011):993-6
15496925
J Neurosci. 2005 Feb 9;25(6):1375-86
15703391
Clin Neurophysiol. 2006 Dec;117(12):2584-96
16890483
Trends Neurosci. 2005 Dec;28(12):636-43
16216346
Exp Brain Res. 2003 Dec;153(4):628-36
12937876
Q J Exp Psychol (Hove). 2008 Feb;61(2):275-91
17853237
Neuroreport. 2005 Sep 8;16(13):1483-7
16110276
Neuroimage. 2005 Oct 15;28(1):22-9
16002305
Cereb Cortex. 2008 Nov;18(11):2471-82
18281301
Can J Physiol Pharmacol. 1996 Apr;74(4):469-82
8828893
Ann N Y Acad Sci. 2009 Jul;1169:15-34
19673752
Eur J Neurosci. 2008 Feb;27(3):757-64
18279328
J Neurophysiol. 1998 Feb;79(2):1092-7
9463464
Brain. 1990 Feb;113 ( Pt 1):207-22
2302533
Neuroimage. 2006 Apr 15;30(3):917-26
16380270
J Comp Neurol. 1987 Feb 8;256(2):211-28
3558879
Eur J Neurosci. 2013 Oct;38(7):3071-9
23834742
Curr Opin Neurobiol. 2002 Apr;12(2):217-22
12015240
Neuroimage. 2006 Oct 1;32(4):1771-81
16777432
Brain Res. 2007 Aug 3;1161:65-78
17603027
Cognition. 2004 May-Jun;92(1-2):67-99
15037127
J Exp Psychol Hum Percept Perform. 2007 Oct;33(5):1189-207
17924817
Neuropsychologia. 1971 Mar;9(1):97-113
5146491
Curr Opin Neurobiol. 2007 Apr;17(2):234-42
17317152
Cortex. 2014 Sep;58:272-80
24656591
J Cogn Neurosci. 2013 Feb;25(2):313-28
23163413
Cereb Cortex. 2014 Apr;24(4):1009-16
23236203
Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2008 Nov 18;105(46):18035-40
19004769
Handb Clin Neurol. 2015;129:277-88
25726275
J Exp Psychol Learn Mem Cogn. 2001 Mar;27(2):470-82
11294444
Neuroimage. 2012 Jan 16;59(2):1200-8
21871571
Brain Behav Evol. 1989;33(2-3):189-92
2758301
Brain Stimul. 2011 Jan;4(1):58-9; discussion 60-3
21255757
Nat Rev Neurosci. 2007 May;8(5):393-402
17431404
J Exp Psychol Hum Percept Perform. 2012 Jun;38(3):726-34
22141586
J Neurosci. 2007 Jan 10;27(2):308-14
17215391
J Neurosci. 2005 Aug 24;25(34):7718-23
16120772
Brain Res. 1993 May 14;611(1):175-9
8518947
J Cogn Neurosci. 2009 Feb;21(2):207-21
18823235