The epidemiology of PTSD and depression in refugee minors who have resettled in developed countries.
BACKGROUND
With an increasing number of refugees migrating across continents, the crisis is very apparent.


OBJECTIVE
A literature review of patterns, risk factors and effects of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and depression in refugee minors was carried out involving those who have resettled in different developed countries.


METHODS
Papers were narrowed down by reading the abstracts and methods to ascertain whether the refugee children had resettled in developed countries and to ensure that they had not just been internally displaced.


RESULTS
High incidences of PTSD and depression were found in refugee minors and poorer mental health was correlated with increased exposure to violence. Factors such as social support and family security were important in reducing the rates of PTSD and depression, whereas the implications of age and gender were unclear. Long-term effects from these mental illnesses indicated scholastic issues, but no further worsening of symptoms.


CONCLUSIONS
Further research is needed regarding the follow-up of refugee minors with PTSD and depression to allow the establishment of more effective support systems, as long-term outcomes become more clearly understood. Few papers discuss the influence of religion, which may be an interesting line of future research as refugees move to more secular societies.
a College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham , Birmingham , UK.
James
J
Reavell
a College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham , Birmingham , UK.
Qulsom
Q
Fazil
D000293:Adolescent; D002648:Child; D003866:Depressive Disorder / Q000453:epidemiology*; D019049:Developed Countries; D000069581:Exposure to Violence / Q000523:psychology / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008016:Life Change Events; D008297:Male; D008603:Mental Health; D033242:Minors / Q000523:psychology* / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D012036:Refugees / Q000523:psychology* / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D012307:Risk Factors; D012959:Socioeconomic Factors; D013313:Stress Disorders, Post-Traumatic / Q000453:epidemiology*
PTSD; depression; minors; refugees