Mass-based metabolomic analysis of soybean sprouts during germination.
We investigated the metabolite profile of soybean sprouts at 0, 1, 2, 3, and 4days after germination using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) and liquid chromatography-MS (LC-MS) to understand the relationship between germination and nutritional quality. Data were analyzed by partial least squares-discriminant analysis (PLS-DA), and sprout samples were separated successfully using their PLS-DA scores. Fifty-eight metabolites, including macromolecular derivatives related to energy production, amino acids, myo-inositol metabolites, phytosterols, antioxidants, isoflavones, and soyasaponins, contributed to the separation. Amino acids, myo-inositol metabolites, isoflavone aglycones, B soyasaponins, antioxidants, and phytosterols, associated with health benefits and/or taste quality, increased with germination time while isoflavone glycosides and DDMP soyasaponins decreased. Based on these metabolites, the metabolomic pathway associated with energy production in soybean sprouts is suggested. Our data suggest that sprouting is a useful processing step to improve soybean nutritional quality, and metabolomic analysis is useful in understanding nutritional change during sprouting.
Division of Applied Life Sciences (BK21 plus), Gyeongsang National University, 501 Jinjudaero, Jinju, Gyeongsang, Republic of Korea.
Eun-Ji
EJ
Gu
Division of Applied Life Sciences (BK21 plus), Gyeongsang National University, 501 Jinjudaero, Jinju, Gyeongsang, Republic of Korea.
Dong Wook
DW
Kim
Division of Applied Life Sciences (BK21 plus), Gyeongsang National University, 501 Jinjudaero, Jinju, Gyeongsang, Republic of Korea.
Gwang-Ju
GJ
Jang
Division of Applied Life Sciences (BK21 plus), Gyeongsang National University, 501 Jinjudaero, Jinju, Gyeongsang, Republic of Korea.
Seong Hwa
SH
Song
Division of Applied Life Sciences (BK21 plus), Gyeongsang National University, 501 Jinjudaero, Jinju, Gyeongsang, Republic of Korea.
Jae-In
JI
Lee
Division of Applied Life Sciences (BK21 plus), Gyeongsang National University, 501 Jinjudaero, Jinju, Gyeongsang, Republic of Korea.
Sang Bong
SB
Lee
Division of Applied Life Sciences (BK21 plus), Gyeongsang National University, 501 Jinjudaero, Jinju, Gyeongsang, Republic of Korea.
Bo-Min
BM
Kim
Division of Applied Life Sciences (BK21 plus), Gyeongsang National University, 501 Jinjudaero, Jinju, Gyeongsang, Republic of Korea.
Yeongrae
Y
Cho
Division of Applied Life Sciences (BK21 plus), Gyeongsang National University, 501 Jinjudaero, Jinju, Gyeongsang, Republic of Korea.
Hyeon-Jeong
HJ
Lee
Division of Applied Life Sciences (BK21 plus), Gyeongsang National University, 501 Jinjudaero, Jinju, Gyeongsang, Republic of Korea; Department of Food Science & Technology, and Institute of Agriculture and Life Science, Gyeongsang National University, 501 Jinjudaero, Jinju, Gyeongsang, Republic of Korea. Electronic address: hyunjkim@gnu.ac.kr.
Hyun-Jin
HJ
Kim
D000596:Amino Acids / Q000032:analysis; D000975:Antioxidants / Q000032:analysis; D002849:Chromatography, Gas; D002853:Chromatography, Liquid; D018525:Germination; D007529:Isoflavones / Q000032:analysis; D013058:Mass Spectrometry; D055432:Metabolomics; D015596:Nutrition Assessment; D010840:Phytosterols / Q000032:analysis; D012503:Saponins / Q000032:analysis; D013025:Glycine max / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000502:physiology
D000596:Amino Acids; D000975:Antioxidants; D007529:Isoflavones; D010840:Phytosterols; D012503:Saponins
GC–MS; Germination; LC–MS; Metabolomics; Soybean sprouts