Production of the Bioactive Compounds Violacein and Indolmycin Is Conditional in amaeAMutant ofPseudoalteromonas luteoviolaceaS4054 Lacking the Malic Enzyme.
It has previously been reported that some strains of the marine bacteriumPseudoalteromonas luteoviolaceaproduce the purple bioactive pigment violacein as well as the antibiotic compound indolmycin, hitherto only found inStreptomyces. The purpose of the present study was to determine the relative role of each of these two compounds as antibacterial compounds inP. luteoviolaceaS4054. Using Tn10transposon mutagenesis, a mutant strain that was significantly reduced in violacein production in mannose-containing substrates was created. Full genome analyses revealed that thevio-biosynthetic gene cluster was not interrupted by the transposon; instead the insertion was located to themaeAgene encoding the malic enzyme. Supernatant of the mutant strain inhibitedVibrio anguillarumandStaphylococcus aureusin well diffusion assays and in MIC assays at the same level as the wild type strain. The mutant strain killedV. anguillarumin co-culture experiments as efficiently as the wild type. Using UHPLC-UV/Vis analyses, we quantified violacein and indolmycin, and the mutant strain only produced 7-10% the amount of violacein compared to the wild type strain. In contrast, the amount of indolmycin produced by the mutant strain was about 300% that of the wild type. Since inhibition ofV. anguillarumandS. aureusby the mutant strain was similar to that of the wild type, it is concluded that violacein is not the major antibacterial compound inP. luteoviolacea. We furthermore propose that production of violacein and indolmycin may be metabolically linked and that yet unidentified antibacterial compound(s) may be play a role in the antibacterial activity ofP. luteoviolacea.
Department of Biotechnology and Biomedicine, Technical University of Denmark Kongens Lyngby, Denmark.
Mariane S
MS
Thøgersen
Department of Biotechnology and Biomedicine, Technical University of Denmark Kongens Lyngby, Denmark.
Marina W
MW
Delpin
Department of Biotechnology and Biomedicine, Technical University of Denmark Kongens Lyngby, Denmark.
Jette
J
Melchiorsen
Department of Biotechnology and Biomedicine, Technical University of Denmark Kongens Lyngby, Denmark.
Mogens
M
Kilstrup
Department of Biotechnology and Biomedicine, Technical University of Denmark Kongens Lyngby, Denmark.
Maria
M
Månsson
Department of Microbial Ecology and Diversity Research, Leibniz Institute DSMZ-German Collection of Microorganisms and Cell Cultures - Partner Site Hannover-Braunschweig, German Centre for Infection Research Braunschweig, Germany.
Boyke
B
Bunk
Department of Microbial Ecology and Diversity Research, Leibniz Institute DSMZ-German Collection of Microorganisms and Cell Cultures - Partner Site Hannover-Braunschweig, German Centre for Infection Research Braunschweig, Germany.
Cathrin
C
Spröer
Department of Microbial Ecology and Diversity Research, Leibniz Institute DSMZ-German Collection of Microorganisms and Cell Cultures - Partner Site Hannover-Braunschweig, German Centre for Infection Research Braunschweig, Germany.
Jörg
J
Overmann
Department of Biotechnology and Biomedicine, Technical University of Denmark Kongens Lyngby, Denmark.
Kristian F
KF
Nielsen
Department of Biotechnology and Biomedicine, Technical University of Denmark Kongens Lyngby, Denmark.
Lone
L
Gram
Pseudoalteromonas luteoviolacea; antibacterial activity; conditional expression; indolmycin; violacein
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