Synthesis and characterization of divinyl-fumarate poly-ε-caprolactone for scaffolds with controlled architectures.
A vinyl-terminated polycaprolactone has been developed for tissue engineering applications using a one-step synthesis and functionalization method based on ring opening polymerization (ROP) of ε-Caprolactone, with hydroxyl ethyl vinyl ether (HEVE) acting both as the initiator of ROP and as photo-curable functional group. The proposed method employs a catalyst based on aluminium, instead of the most popular Tin(II) 2-ethylhexanoate, to reduce the cytotoxicity. Following the synthesis of the vinyl-terminated polycaprolactone, its reaction with fumaryl chloride (FuCl) results in a divinyl-fumarate polycaprolactone (VPCLF). The polymers obtained were thoroughly characterized using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and gel permeation chromatography (GPC) techniques. The polymer has been successfully employed, in combination with N-vinyl pyrrolidone (NVP), to fabricate films and computer-designed porous scaffolds by micro-stereolithography (μ-SL) with gyroid and diamond architectures. Characterization of the networks indicated the influence of NVP content on the network properties. Human mesenchymal stem cells adhered and spread onto VPCLF/NVP networks showing good biological properties and no cytotoxic effect. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Institute for Polymers, Composites and Biomaterials, National Research Council of Italy, Naples, Italy.
Alfredo
A
Ronca
Department of Materials, Loughborough University, Leicestershire, UK.
Sara
S
Ronca
Department of Materials, Loughborough University, Leicestershire, UK.
Giuseppe
G
Forte
Institute for Polymers, Composites and Biomaterials, National Research Council of Italy, Naples, Italy.
Stefania
S
Zeppetelli
Institute for Polymers, Composites and Biomaterials, National Research Council of Italy, Naples, Italy.
Antonio
A
Gloria
Institute for Polymers, Composites and Biomaterials, National Research Council of Italy, Naples, Italy.
Roberto
R
De Santis
Institute for Polymers, Composites and Biomaterials, National Research Council of Italy, Naples, Italy.|Department of Chemical Science and Materials Technology, National Research Council of Italy, Rome, Italy.
Luigi
L
Ambrosio
D002070:Butadienes / Q000138:chemical synthesis* / Q000737:chemistry; D002448:Cell Adhesion; D002470:Cell Survival; D003432:Cross-Linking Reagents / Q000737:chemistry; D006801:Humans; D059630:Mesenchymal Stem Cells / Q000166:cytology / Q000378:metabolism; D011091:Polyesters / Q000138:chemical synthesis* / Q000737:chemistry; D011760:Pyrrolidinones / Q000737:chemistry; D017550:Spectroscopy, Fourier Transform Infrared; D054457:Tissue Scaffolds / Q000737:chemistry*; D044366:Transition Temperature
D002070:Butadienes; D003432:Cross-Linking Reagents; D011091:Polyesters; D011760:Pyrrolidinones; C506476:poly(caprolactone fumarate); C042670:N-vinyl-2-pyrrolidinone; C031763:1,3-butadiene
biocompatibility; cell-material interactions; mathematically defined scaffold; photocrosslinkable polymer; polycaprolactone fumarate; stereolithography