Epicardial potentials computed from the body surface potential map using inverse electrocardiography and an individualised torso model improve sensitivity for acute myocardial infarction diagnosis.
BACKGROUND
Epicardial potentials (EPs) derived from the body surface potential map (BSPM) improve acute myocardial infarction (AMI) diagnosis. In this study, we compared EPs derived from the 80-lead BSPM using a standard thoracic volume conductor model (TVCM) with those derived using a patient-specific torso model (PSTM) based on body mass index (BMI).


METHODS
Consecutive patients presenting to both the emergency department and pre-hospital coronary care unit between August 2009 and August 2011 with acute ischaemic-type chest pain at rest were enrolled. At first medical contact, 12-lead electrocardiograms and BSPMs were recorded. The BMI for each patient was calculated. Cardiac troponin T (cTnT) was sampled 12 hours after symptom onset. Patients were excluded from analysis if they had any ECG confounders to interpretation of the ST-segment. A cardiologist assessed the 12-lead ECG for ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction by Minnesota criteria and the BSPM. BSPM ST-elevation (STE) was ⩾0.2 mV in anterior, ⩾0.1 mV in lateral, inferior, right ventricular or high right anterior and ⩾0.05 mV in posterior territories. To derive EPs, the BSPM data were interpolated to yield values at 352 nodes of a Dalhousie torso. Using an inverse solution based on the boundary element method, EPs at 98 cardiac nodes positioned within a standard TVCM were derived. The TVCM was then scaled to produce a PSTM using a model developed from computed tomography in 48 patients of varying BMIs, and EPs were recalculated. EPs >0.3 mV defined STE. A cardiologist blinded to both the 12-lead ECG and BSPM interpreted the EP map. AMI was defined as cTnT ⩾0.1 µg/L.


RESULTS
Enrolled were 400 patients (age 62 ± 13 years; 57% male); 80 patients had exclusion criteria. Of the remaining 320 patients, the BMI was an average of 27.8 ± 5.6 kg/m2. Of these, 180 (56%) had AMI. Overall, 132 had Minnesota STE on ECG (sensitivity 65%, specificity 89%) and 160 had BSPM STE (sensitivity 81%, specificity 90%). EP STE occurred in 165 patients using TVCM (sensitivity 88%, specificity 95%; p < 0.001) and in 206 patients using PSTM (sensitivity 98%, specificity 79%; p < 0.001). Of those with AMI by cTnT and EPs ⩽0.3 mV using TVCM ( n = 22), 18 (82%) patients had EPs >0.3 mV when an individualised PSTM was used.


CONCLUSIONS
Among patients presenting with ischaemic-type chest pain at rest, EPs derived from BSPM using a novel PSTM significantly improve sensitivity for AMI diagnosis.
1 The Heart Centre, Royal Victoria Hospital, Grosvenor Road, Belfast, Northern Ireland, UK.
Michael J
MJ
Daly
2 School of Computing and Mathematics and Computer Science Research Institute, University of Ulster, Northern Ireland, UK.
Dewar D
DD
Finlay
2 School of Computing and Mathematics and Computer Science Research Institute, University of Ulster, Northern Ireland, UK.
Daniel
D
Guldenring
2 School of Computing and Mathematics and Computer Science Research Institute, University of Ulster, Northern Ireland, UK.
Raymond R
RR
Bond
3 Centre for Vision and Vascular Sciences, Queen's University, Whitla Medical Building, 97 Lisburn Road, Belfast, Northern Ireland, UK.
Aaron J
AJ
McCann
1 The Heart Centre, Royal Victoria Hospital, Grosvenor Road, Belfast, Northern Ireland, UK.
Peter J
PJ
Scott
1 The Heart Centre, Royal Victoria Hospital, Grosvenor Road, Belfast, Northern Ireland, UK.
Jennifer A
JA
Adgey
3 Centre for Vision and Vascular Sciences, Queen's University, Whitla Medical Building, 97 Lisburn Road, Belfast, Northern Ireland, UK.
Mark T
MT
Harbinson
D000368:Aged; D018780:Body Surface Potential Mapping / Q000379:methods*; D003937:Diagnosis, Differential; D004562:Electrocardiography / Q000379:methods*; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D007091:Image Processing, Computer-Assisted; D008297:Male; D010496:Pericardium / Q000503:physiopathology*; D000072078:Positron Emission Tomography Computed Tomography; D012372:ROC Curve; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D000072657:ST Elevation Myocardial Infarction / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000503:physiopathology
Inverse electrocardiography; acute myocardial infarction; body mass index; body surface potential mapping