Co-existence of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease and inflammatory bowel disease: A review article.
Emerging data have highlighted the co-existence of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and inflammatory bowel disease; both of which are increasingly prevalent disorders with significant complications and impact on future health burden. Cross-section observational studies have shown widely variable prevalence rates of co-existing disease, largely due to differences in disease definition and diagnostic tools utilised in the studies. Age, obesity, insulin resistance and other metabolic conditions are common risks factors in observational studies. However, other studies have also suggested a more dominant role of inflammatory bowel disease related factors such as disease activity, duration, steroid use and prior surgical intervention, in the development of NAFLD. This suggests a potentially more complex pathogenesis and relationship between the two diseases which may be contributed by factors including altered intestinal permeability, gut dysbiosis and chronic inflammatory response. Commonly used immunomodulation agents pose potential hepatic toxicity, however no definitive evidence exist linking them to the development of hepatic steatosis, nor are there any data on the impact of therapy and prognosis in patient with co-existent diseases. Further studies are required to assess the impact and establish appropriate screening and management strategies in order to allow early identification, intervention and improve patient outcomes.
Che-Yung Chao, Robert Battat, Alex Al Khoury, Giada Sebastiani, Talat Bessissow, Division of Gastroenterology, McGill University Health Center, Montreal, QC H3G 1A4, Canada.
Che-Yung
CY
Chao
Che-Yung Chao, Robert Battat, Alex Al Khoury, Giada Sebastiani, Talat Bessissow, Division of Gastroenterology, McGill University Health Center, Montreal, QC H3G 1A4, Canada.
Robert
R
Battat
Che-Yung Chao, Robert Battat, Alex Al Khoury, Giada Sebastiani, Talat Bessissow, Division of Gastroenterology, McGill University Health Center, Montreal, QC H3G 1A4, Canada.
Alex
A
Al Khoury
Che-Yung Chao, Robert Battat, Alex Al Khoury, Giada Sebastiani, Talat Bessissow, Division of Gastroenterology, McGill University Health Center, Montreal, QC H3G 1A4, Canada.
Sophie
S
Restellini
Che-Yung Chao, Robert Battat, Alex Al Khoury, Giada Sebastiani, Talat Bessissow, Division of Gastroenterology, McGill University Health Center, Montreal, QC H3G 1A4, Canada.
Giada
G
Sebastiani
Che-Yung Chao, Robert Battat, Alex Al Khoury, Giada Sebastiani, Talat Bessissow, Division of Gastroenterology, McGill University Health Center, Montreal, QC H3G 1A4, Canada.
Talat
T
Bessissow
D006801:Humans; D007249:Inflammation; D015212:Inflammatory Bowel Diseases / Q000150:complications* / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology; D007333:Insulin Resistance; D065626:Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease / Q000150:complications* / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology; D010288:Parenteral Nutrition; D015995:Prevalence; D011379:Prognosis; D012307:Risk Factors; D013256:Steroids / Q000627:therapeutic use; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors
D013256:Steroids; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha
Crohn’s disease; Metabolic syndrome; Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease; Non-alcoholic steatohepatitis; Ulcerative colitis
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