Biological Identity of Nanoparticles In Vivo: Clinical Implications of the Protein Corona.
Despite the advances in biomedical applications of nanoparticle (NP) and numerous publications, few NPs have made it to clinical trials and even fewer have reached clinical practice. This wide gap between bench discoveries and clinical applications is mainly because of our limited understanding of the biological identity of NPs. In physiological environments, NPs are coated by a 'protein corona' (PC), critically affecting physiological and therapeutic responses. To date, nearly all studies attempting to characterize the PC have been conducted in vitro. Here, we review recent advances in our understanding of the in vivo PC. We also discuss recent developments of quantitative models to predict biological interactions and how they offer new opportunities for the clinical translation of NPs.
Department of Molecular Medicine, 'Sapienza' University of Rome, Rome 00185, Italy.
Giulio
G
Caracciolo
Laboratory of Nanomedicine and Biomaterials, Harvard Medical School, Department of Anesthesiology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA; King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia. Electronic address: ofarokhzad@bwh.harvard.edu.
Omid C
OC
Farokhzad
Laboratory of Nanomedicine and Biomaterials, Harvard Medical School, Department of Anesthesiology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Nanotechnology Research Center and Department of Nanotechnology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, 14155-6451, Iran. Electronic address: mmahmoudi@bwh.harvard.edu.
Morteza
M
Mahmoudi
D000818:Animals; D035843:Biomedical Research; D006801:Humans; D051379:Mice; D053758:Nanoparticles; D000066970:Protein Corona
D000066970:Protein Corona
biological identity; nanobio interfaces; nanoparticles; protein corona