Cardiovascular Disease and HIV: Pathophysiology, Treatment Considerations, and Nursing Implications.
HIV infection has progressed from an acute, terminal disease to a chronic illness with cardiovascular disease as the leading cause of death among persons living with HIV. As persons living with HIV infection continue to become older, traditional risk factors for atherosclerosis compounded by the pathophysiological effects of HIV infection and antiretroviral therapy markedly increase the risk for cardiovascular disease. Further, persons living with HIV are also at high risk for cardiomyopathy. Critical care nurses must recognize the risk factors for cardiovascular disease and the pathophysiology and complex treatment options in order to manage care of these patients and facilitate multidisciplinary collaboration. Two case studies are used to highlight the treatment options and nursing considerations associated with cardiovascular disease among persons living with HIV.
Justin M. Cournoyer is a clinical nurse I in the pediatric cardiac intensive care unit, Duke University Hospital, Durham, North Carolina.Aven P. Garms is a clinical nurse I in the intensive care nursery, Duke University Hospital.Kimberly N. Thiessen is a staff nurse in the pediatric emergency department, WakeMed Health and Hospitals, Raleigh, North Carolina.Margaret T. Bowers is an associate professor and the faculty coordinator of the adult/geriatric nurse practitioner program and the lead faculty member for the adult/geriatric nurse practitioner-cardiovascular specialty at Duke University School of Nursing, Durham, North Carolina.Melissa D. Johnson is an associate professor in medicine, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, and Campbell University, Buies Creek, North Carolina.Michael V. Relf is an associate professor and the associate dean for global and community affairs, Duke University School of Nursing.
Justin M
JM
Cournoyer
Justin M. Cournoyer is a clinical nurse I in the pediatric cardiac intensive care unit, Duke University Hospital, Durham, North Carolina.Aven P. Garms is a clinical nurse I in the intensive care nursery, Duke University Hospital.Kimberly N. Thiessen is a staff nurse in the pediatric emergency department, WakeMed Health and Hospitals, Raleigh, North Carolina.Margaret T. Bowers is an associate professor and the faculty coordinator of the adult/geriatric nurse practitioner program and the lead faculty member for the adult/geriatric nurse practitioner-cardiovascular specialty at Duke University School of Nursing, Durham, North Carolina.Melissa D. Johnson is an associate professor in medicine, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, and Campbell University, Buies Creek, North Carolina.Michael V. Relf is an associate professor and the associate dean for global and community affairs, Duke University School of Nursing.
Aven P
AP
Garms
Justin M. Cournoyer is a clinical nurse I in the pediatric cardiac intensive care unit, Duke University Hospital, Durham, North Carolina.Aven P. Garms is a clinical nurse I in the intensive care nursery, Duke University Hospital.Kimberly N. Thiessen is a staff nurse in the pediatric emergency department, WakeMed Health and Hospitals, Raleigh, North Carolina.Margaret T. Bowers is an associate professor and the faculty coordinator of the adult/geriatric nurse practitioner program and the lead faculty member for the adult/geriatric nurse practitioner-cardiovascular specialty at Duke University School of Nursing, Durham, North Carolina.Melissa D. Johnson is an associate professor in medicine, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, and Campbell University, Buies Creek, North Carolina.Michael V. Relf is an associate professor and the associate dean for global and community affairs, Duke University School of Nursing.
Kimberly N
KN
Thiessen
Justin M. Cournoyer is a clinical nurse I in the pediatric cardiac intensive care unit, Duke University Hospital, Durham, North Carolina.Aven P. Garms is a clinical nurse I in the intensive care nursery, Duke University Hospital.Kimberly N. Thiessen is a staff nurse in the pediatric emergency department, WakeMed Health and Hospitals, Raleigh, North Carolina.Margaret T. Bowers is an associate professor and the faculty coordinator of the adult/geriatric nurse practitioner program and the lead faculty member for the adult/geriatric nurse practitioner-cardiovascular specialty at Duke University School of Nursing, Durham, North Carolina.Melissa D. Johnson is an associate professor in medicine, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, and Campbell University, Buies Creek, North Carolina.Michael V. Relf is an associate professor and the associate dean for global and community affairs, Duke University School of Nursing.
Margaret T
MT
Bowers
Justin M. Cournoyer is a clinical nurse I in the pediatric cardiac intensive care unit, Duke University Hospital, Durham, North Carolina.Aven P. Garms is a clinical nurse I in the intensive care nursery, Duke University Hospital.Kimberly N. Thiessen is a staff nurse in the pediatric emergency department, WakeMed Health and Hospitals, Raleigh, North Carolina.Margaret T. Bowers is an associate professor and the faculty coordinator of the adult/geriatric nurse practitioner program and the lead faculty member for the adult/geriatric nurse practitioner-cardiovascular specialty at Duke University School of Nursing, Durham, North Carolina.Melissa D. Johnson is an associate professor in medicine, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, and Campbell University, Buies Creek, North Carolina.Michael V. Relf is an associate professor and the associate dean for global and community affairs, Duke University School of Nursing.
Melissa D
MD
Johnson
Justin M. Cournoyer is a clinical nurse I in the pediatric cardiac intensive care unit, Duke University Hospital, Durham, North Carolina.Aven P. Garms is a clinical nurse I in the intensive care nursery, Duke University Hospital.Kimberly N. Thiessen is a staff nurse in the pediatric emergency department, WakeMed Health and Hospitals, Raleigh, North Carolina.Margaret T. Bowers is an associate professor and the faculty coordinator of the adult/geriatric nurse practitioner program and the lead faculty member for the adult/geriatric nurse practitioner-cardiovascular specialty at Duke University School of Nursing, Durham, North Carolina.Melissa D. Johnson is an associate professor in medicine, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, and Campbell University, Buies Creek, North Carolina.Michael V. Relf is an associate professor and the associate dean for global and community affairs, Duke University School of Nursing. michael.relf@duke.edu.
Michael V
MV
Relf
D044966:Anti-Retroviral Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D001281:Atrial Fibrillation / Q000150:complications / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000451:nursing; D002317:Cardiovascular Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage; D003327:Coronary Disease / Q000150:complications / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000451:nursing; D064648:Critical Care Nursing / Q000379:methods*; D019468:Disease Management; D004359:Drug Therapy, Combination; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D015658:HIV Infections / Q000150:complications / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000451:nursing; D006801:Humans; D019161:Hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA Reductase Inhibitors / Q000008:administration & dosage; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D008991:Monitoring, Physiologic / Q000379:methods; D018570:Risk Assessment; D012720:Severity of Illness Index; D016896:Treatment Outcome
D044966:Anti-Retroviral Agents; D002317:Cardiovascular Agents; D019161:Hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA Reductase Inhibitors