First report of Setaria tundra in roe deer (Capreolus capreolus) from the Iberian Peninsula inferred from molecular data: epidemiological implications.
BACKGROUND
Filarioid nematode parasites are major health hazards with important medical, veterinary and economic implications. Recently, they have been considered as indicators of climate change.


RESULTS
In this paper, we report the first record of Setaria tundra in roe deer from the Iberian Peninsula. Adult S. tundra were collected from the peritoneal cavity during the post-mortem examination of a 2 year-old male roe deer, which belonged to a private fenced estate in La Alcarria (Guadalajara, Spain). Since 2012, the area has suffered a high roe deer decline rate (75 %), for unknown reasons. Aiming to support the morphological identification and to determine the phylogenetic position of S. tundra recovered from the roe deer, a fragment of the mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase subunit 1 (cox1) gene from the two morphologically identified parasites was amplified, sequenced and compared with corresponding sequences of other filarioid nematode species. Phylogenetic analyses revealed that the isolate of S. tundra recovered was basal to all other formely reported Setaria tundra sequences. The presence of all other haplotypes in Northern Europe may be indicative of a South to North outbreak in Europe.


CONCLUSIONS
This is the first report of S. tundra in roe deer from the Iberian Peninsula, with interesting phylogenetic results, which may have further implications in the epidemiological and genetic studies of these filarioid parasites. More studies are needed to explore the reasons and dynamics behind the rapid host/geographic expansion of the filarioid parasites in Europe.
Estación Biológica de Doñana, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Sevilla, Spain. sameralasaad@hotmail.com.|Institute of Evolutionary Biology and Environmental Studies (IEU), University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland. sameralasaad@hotmail.com.
Samer
http://orcid.org/0000-0003-0868-7276
S
Angelone-Alasaad
CIBIO/InBIO (Centro de Investigação em Biodiversidade e Recursos Genéticos), Universidade do Porto, Campus Agrario De Vairão, 4485-661, Vairão, Portugal.|National Institute of Ecology, 1210, Geumgang-ro, Maseo-myeon, Seocheon-gun, Chungcheongnam-do, 33657, Korea.
Michael J
MJ
Jowers
INVESAGA Group, Departamento de Patología Animal. Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad de Santiago de Compostela, 27071, Lugo, Spain.
Rosario
R
Panadero
INVESAGA Group, Departamento de Patología Animal. Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad de Santiago de Compostela, 27071, Lugo, Spain.
Ana
A
Pérez-Creo
INVESAGA Group, Departamento de Patología Animal. Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad de Santiago de Compostela, 27071, Lugo, Spain.
Gerardo
G
Pajares
INVESAGA Group, Departamento de Patología Animal. Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad de Santiago de Compostela, 27071, Lugo, Spain.
Pablo
P
Díez-Baños
Estación Biológica de Doñana, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Sevilla, Spain.
Ramón C
RC
Soriguer
INVESAGA Group, Departamento de Patología Animal. Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad de Santiago de Compostela, 27071, Lugo, Spain.
Patrocinio
P
Morrondo
Bayesian inference analysis; Climate change; Epidemiology; Filarioid; Mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase subunit 1 (cox1); Phylogenetics
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