Detection of cerebral NAD+in humans at 7T.
To develop1H-based MR detection of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+) in the human brain at 7T and validate the1H results with NAD+detection based on31P-MRS.



1H-MR detection of NAD+was achieved with a one-dimensional double-spin-echo method on a slice parallel to the surface coil transceiver. Perturbation of the water resonance was avoided through the use of frequency-selective excitation.31P-MR detection of NAD+was performed with an unlocalized pulse-acquire sequence.



Both1H- and31P-MRS allowed the detection of NAD+signals on every subject in 16 min. Spectral fitting provided an NAD+concentration of 107 ± 28 μM for1H-MRS and 367 ± 78 μM and 312 ± 65 μM for31P-MRS when uridine diphosphate glucose (UDPG) was excluded and included, respectively, as an overlapping signal.



NAD+detection by1H-MRS is a simple method that comes at the price of reduced NMR visibility. NAD+detection by31P-MRS has near-complete NMR visibility, but it is complicated by spectral overlap with NADH and UDPG. Overall, the1H- and31P-MR methods both provide exciting opportunities to study NAD+metabolism on human brain in vivo. © 2016 International Society for Magnetic Resonance in Medicine. Magn Reson Med 78:828-835, 2017. © 2016 International Society for Magnetic Resonance in Medicine.
Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, Magnetic Resonance Research Center, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA.|Department of Biomedical Engineering, Magnetic Resonance Research Center, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA.
Robin A
RA
de Graaf
Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, Magnetic Resonance Research Center, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA.
Henk M
HM
De Feyter
Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, Magnetic Resonance Research Center, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA.
Peter B
PB
Brown
Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, Magnetic Resonance Research Center, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA.
Terence W
TW
Nixon
Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, Magnetic Resonance Research Center, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA.|Department of Biomedical Engineering, Magnetic Resonance Research Center, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA.
Douglas L
DL
Rothman
Department of Psychiatry, Magnetic Resonance Research Center, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA.
Kevin L
KL
Behar
D000328:Adult; D000465:Algorithms; D001921:Brain / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000378:metabolism; D001923:Brain Chemistry / Q000502:physiology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007091:Image Processing, Computer-Assisted; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging / Q000379:methods; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009243:NAD / Q000032:analysis* / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism; D012815:Signal Processing, Computer-Assisted
D009243:NAD
1H-MRS; 31P-MRS; 7 Tesla; NAD+; human brain
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