Toxicity and efficacy of CdO nanostructures on the MDCK and Caki-2 cells.
This article reports the toxicological effects of synthesized cadmium oxide (CdO) nanostructures via a simple green route using a Polygala tenuifolia root extract on normal and renal tumor cells. First, the formation of cadmium oxide nanostructures were confirmed structurally by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction, and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). The powder was crystallized in a cubic structure with a space group of Fm-3m. The mean crystallize size was approximately 40 and 44nm from the Scherrer and size-strain plots, respectively. The surface states of the cadmium oxide nanostructure using the O 1s and Cd 3d spectra were analyzed by XPS. Transmission electron microscopy showed that the simple green route resulted in various morphologies of synthesized cadmium oxide, such as trigonal-, tetrahedron-, and sheet-like structures. Finally, the toxic effects of the cadmium oxide nanostructures on Madin-Darby canine kidney epithelial cells (MDCK cells), as well as the human renal cancer cell line (Caki-2 cells) were investigated using a SRB assay and two-color flow cytometry analysis. The cadmium oxide nanostructures showed significant cell growth inhibition in normal and also tumor cells in a dose-dependent manner. On the other hand, the inhibition was higher in the cancer cells compared to the normal cells.
Department of Chemical Engineering, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan-38541, Republic of Korea.
T V M
TV
Sreekanth
Deptartment of Bioresources and Food Science, Konkuk University, Seoul-05029, Republic of Korea.
Muthuraman
M
Pandurangan
School of Mechanical Engineering, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan-38541, Republic of Korea.
G R
GR
Dillip
Deptartment of Bioresources and Food Science, Konkuk University, Seoul-05029, Republic of Korea.
Doo Hwan
DH
Kim
Department of Chemical Engineering, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan-38541, Republic of Korea. Electronic address: yrlee@yu.ac.kr.
Yong Rok
YR
Lee
D000818:Animals; D019187:Cadmium Compounds / Q000633:toxicity*; D002460:Cell Line; D004285:Dogs; D053768:Metal Nanoparticles / Q000633:toxicity*; D046529:Microscopy, Electron, Transmission; D010087:Oxides / Q000633:toxicity*; D056951:Photoelectron Spectroscopy
D019187:Cadmium Compounds; D010087:Oxides; C029663:cadmium oxide
CdO nanostructures; Cell viability; Green synthesis; Tumor cells; XPS