A test of basic psychological needs theory in young soccer players: time-lagged design at the individual and team levels.
Within the framework of basic psychological needs theory (Deci & Ryan, 2000), multilevel structural equation modeling (MSEM) with a time-lagged design was used to test a mediation model examining the relationship between perceptions of coaches' interpersonal styles (autonomy supportive and controlling), athletes' basic psychological needs (satisfaction and thwarting), and indicators of well-being (subjective vitality) and ill-being (burnout), estimating separately between and within effects. The participants were 597 Spanish male soccer players aged between 11 and 14 years (M = 12.57, SD = 0.54) from 40 teams who completed a questionnaire package at two time points in a competitive season. Results revealed that at the individual level, athletes' perceptions of autonomy support positively predicted athletes' need satisfaction (autonomy, competence, and relatedness), whereas athletes' perceptions of controlling style positively predicted athletes' need thwarting (autonomy, competence, and relatedness). In turn, all three athletes' need satisfaction dimensions predicted athletes' subjective vitality and burnout (positively and negatively, respectively), whereas competence thwarting negatively predicted subjective vitality and competence and relatedness positively predicted burnout. At the team level, team perceptions of autonomy supportive style positively predicted team autonomy and relatedness satisfaction. Mediation effects only appeared at the individual level.
Faculty of Health Sciences, European University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain.
L
L
González
Faculty of Psychology, Universitat de València, Valencia, Spain.
I
I
Tomás
Faculty of Psychology, Universitat de València, Valencia, Spain.
I
I
Castillo
School of Sport, Exercise and Rehabilitation Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK.
J L
JL
Duda
Faculty of Psychology, Universitat de València, Valencia, Spain.
I
I
Balaguer
D000293:Adolescent; D056352:Athletes / Q000523:psychology*; D002648:Child; D006801:Humans; D007398:Interpersonal Relations; D008297:Male; D000071252:Mentoring; D008960:Models, Psychological; D026684:Personal Autonomy; D010549:Personal Satisfaction; D011582:Psychological Theory; D012916:Soccer; D013030:Spain; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires
athletes; burnout; multilevel SEM; perceived coach interpersonal style; subjective vitality