Tumor-associated antigens: Tn antigen, sTn antigen, and T antigen.
Glycosylation is one of the major posttranslational modifications of proteins. N-glycosylation (Asn-linked) and O-glycosylation (Ser/Thr-linked) are the two main forms. Abnormal O-glycosylation is frequently observed on the surface of tumor cells, and is associated with an adverse outcome and poor prognosis in patients with cancer. O-glycans (Tn, sTn, and T antigen) can be synthesized in the Golgi apparatus with the aid of several glycosyltransferases (such as T-synthase and ST6GalNAc-I) in a suitable environment. The unique molecular chaperone of T-synthase is Cosmc, which helps T-synthase to fold correctly in the endoplasmic reticulum. Dysregulation of these glycosyltransferases, molecular chaperones, or the environment is involved in the dysregulation of O-glycans. Tn, sTn, and T antigen neo- or over-expression occurs in many types of cancer including gastric, colon, breast, lung, esophageal, prostate, and endometrial cancer. This review discusses the major synthetic pathway of O-glycans and the mechanism by which Tn, sTn, and T antigens promote tumor metastasis.
Institute of Spinal Medicine and Trauma, Department of Spinal Surgery Ward/Center for Minimally Invasive Spine Surgery, The First College of Clinical Medical Sciences, China Three Gorges University, Yichang, China.
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Fu
Institute of Spinal Medicine and Trauma, Department of Spinal Surgery Ward/Center for Minimally Invasive Spine Surgery, The First College of Clinical Medical Sciences, China Three Gorges University, Yichang, China.
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Zhao
The First College of Clinical Medical Sciences, China Three Gorges University, Yichang, China.
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Wang
Department of Hematology, The First College of Clinical Medical Sciences, China Three Gorges University, Yichang, China.
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Cai
Institute of Spinal Medicine and Trauma, Department of Spinal Surgery Ward/Center for Minimally Invasive Spine Surgery, The First College of Clinical Medical Sciences, China Three Gorges University, Yichang, China.
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Xiao
Medical College of China Three Gorges University, Yichang, China.
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Zeng
Institute of Spinal Medicine and Trauma, Department of Spinal Surgery Ward/Center for Minimally Invasive Spine Surgery, The First College of Clinical Medical Sciences, China Three Gorges University, Yichang, China.
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Chen
D015295:Antigens, Tumor-Associated, Carbohydrate / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism; D000957:Antigens, Viral, Tumor / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism; D002240:Carbohydrate Sequence; D004721:Endoplasmic Reticulum / Q000378:metabolism; D005700:Galactosyltransferases / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D015972:Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic; D006031:Glycosylation; D006056:Golgi Apparatus / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D018832:Molecular Chaperones / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D009362:Neoplasm Metastasis; D009363:Neoplasm Proteins / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism; D009369:Neoplasms / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D017510:Protein Folding; D011499:Protein Processing, Post-Translational; D012799:Sialyltransferases / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D014407:Tumor Cells, Cultured
D015295:Antigens, Tumor-Associated, Carbohydrate; D000957:Antigens, Viral, Tumor; C505369:C1GALT1C1 protein, human; D018832:Molecular Chaperones; D009363:Neoplasm Proteins; C040286:Tn antigen; C505293:C1GALT1 protein, human; D005700:Galactosyltransferases; D012799:Sialyltransferases; C038525:CMP-N-acetylneuraminate-alpha-N-acetylgalactosaminide alpha-2,6-sialyltransferase
Cosmc; O-glycosylation; T-synthase; Tn antigen; T antigen; sTn antigen; tumor metastasis