How cellular membrane properties are affected by the actin cytoskeleton.
Lipid membranes define the boundaries of living cells and intracellular compartments. The dynamic remodelling of these membranes by the cytoskeleton, a very dynamic structure made of active biopolymers, is crucial in many biological processes such as motility or division. In this review, we present some aspects of cellular membranes and how they are affected by the presence of the actin cytoskeleton. We show that, in parallel with the direct study of membranes and cytoskeleton in vivo, biomimetic in vitro systems allow reconstitution of biological processes in a controlled environment. In particular, we show that liposomes, or giant unilamellar vesicles, encapsulating a reconstituted actin network polymerizing at their membrane are suitable models of living cells and can be used to decipher the relative contributions of membrane and actin on the mechanical properties of the cellular interface.
Department of Molecular Biophysics and Biochemistry, Nanobiology Institute, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA. Electronic address: joel.lemiere@yale.edu.
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J
Lemière
Institut Curie, PSL Research University, CNRS, UMR 168, 75005, Paris, France; Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, 4 place Jussieu, 75005, Paris, France; Univ Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 5 rue Thomas-Mann, 75205, Paris, France.
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F
Valentino
Université Evry Val d'Essonne, LAMBE, Boulevard F Mitterrand, Evry, 91025, France.
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C
Campillo
Institut Curie, PSL Research University, CNRS, UMR 168, 75005, Paris, France. Electronic address: cecile.sykes@curie.fr.
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C
Sykes
D008841:Actin Cytoskeleton / Q000378:metabolism*; D000818:Animals; D002462:Cell Membrane / Q000378:metabolism*; D005057:Eukaryotic Cells / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D008051:Lipid Bilayers / Q000378:metabolism*; D008563:Membrane Lipids / Q000378:metabolism; D008870:Microtubules / Q000378:metabolism; D008954:Models, Biological; D053835:Unilamellar Liposomes / Q000378:metabolism*
D008051:Lipid Bilayers; D008563:Membrane Lipids; D053835:Unilamellar Liposomes
Actin; Biomimetism; Cytoskeleton; Liposome; Membrane