Effects of different surface modifying agents on the cytotoxic and antimicrobial properties of ZnO nanoparticles.
Zinc oxide (ZnO) nanoparticles (NPs) have received considerable attention in the medical field because of their antibacterial properties, primarily for killing and reducing the activity of numerous microorganisms. The purpose of this study was to determine whether surface-modified ZnO NPs exhibit different properties compared with unmodified ZnO. The antimicrobial and cytotoxic properties of modified ZnO NPs as well as their effects on inflammatory cytokine production were evaluated. ZnO NPs were prepared using a wet chemical method. Then, the surfaces of these NPs were modified using 3-aminopropyltriethoxysilane (APTES) and dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) as modifying agents via a chemical hydrolysis method. According to infrared spectroscopy analysis (FTIR), the structure of the ZnO remained unchanged after modification. Antibacterial assays demonstrated that APTES modification is more effective at inducing an antimicrobial effect against Gram-negative bacteria than against Gram-positive bacteria. Cytotoxicity studies showed that cell viability was dose-dependent; moreover, pristine and APTES-modified ZnO exhibited low cytotoxicity, whereas DMSO-modified ZnO exhibited toxicity even at a low NP concentration. An investigation of inflammatory cytokine production demonstrated that the extent of stimulation was related to the ZnO NP concentration but not to the surface modification, except for IFN-γ and IL-10, which were not detected even at high NP concentrations.
Facultad de Medicina U.S., Universidad Autónoma de Coahuila Saltillo, Coahuila, Mexico.
S C
SC
Esparza-González
Centro de Investigación en Química Aplicada, Blvd. Enrique Reyna 140, Saltillo, Coahuila 25294, Mexico.
S
S
Sánchez-Valdés
Centro de Investigación en Química Aplicada, Blvd. Enrique Reyna 140, Saltillo, Coahuila 25294, Mexico.
S N
SN
Ramírez-Barrón
Departamento de Histología, Facultad de Medicina UANL, Monterrey, Nuevo León, Mexico.
M J
MJ
Loera-Arias
Unidad Médica Ojo Caliente, Av. Ojo Caliente 901-A Aguascalientes, Ags, Mexico.
J
J
Bernal
CONACyT-Centro de Investigación en Química Aplicada, Blvd. Enrique Reyna 140, Saltillo, Coahuila 25294, Mexico.
H Iván
HI
Meléndez-Ortiz
Centro de Investigación en Química Aplicada, Blvd. Enrique Reyna 140, Saltillo, Coahuila 25294, Mexico. Electronic address: rebeca.betancourt@ciqa.edu.mx.
R
R
Betancourt-Galindo
D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents / Q000737:chemistry / Q000633:toxicity*; D045744:Cell Line, Tumor; D002470:Cell Survival / Q000187:drug effects; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D016207:Cytokines / Q000378:metabolism; D004121:Dimethyl Sulfoxide / Q000737:chemistry; D006090:Gram-Negative Bacteria / Q000187:drug effects / Q000254:growth & development; D006094:Gram-Positive Bacteria / Q000187:drug effects / Q000254:growth & development; D006801:Humans; D007963:Leukocytes, Mononuclear / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D053768:Metal Nanoparticles / Q000737:chemistry / Q000633:toxicity*; D011437:Propylamines / Q000737:chemistry; D012821:Silanes / Q000737:chemistry; D013499:Surface Properties; D015034:Zinc Oxide / Q000737:chemistry / Q000633:toxicity*
D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents; D016207:Cytokines; D011437:Propylamines; D012821:Silanes; C477625:amino-propyl-triethoxysilane; D015034:Zinc Oxide; D004121:Dimethyl Sulfoxide
Antibacterial properties; Antimicrobial; Modified nanoparticles; ZnO nanoparticles