Horseradish peroxidase-assisted approach to decolorize and detoxify dye pollutants in a packed bed bioreactor.
In this study, horseradish peroxidase (HRP) was covalently immobilized on the calcium-alginate support using glutaraldehyde (GA) as a cross-linking reagent for detoxification and degradation of synthetic dyes. Immobilization procedure furnished significant immobilization efficiency (86.27 ± 3.43%) along with apparent and relative activity of 24.39 ± 1.03 U/g and 84.97 ± 3.54%, respectively, for immobilized-HRP. In comparison to free-state, immobilized-HRP catalyzed the substrate oxidation reaction in a slightly acidic and wider temperature range, with an optimum at 60 °C. After 10 and 60 min of incubation at 60 °C, the immobilized-HRP displayed 99.0% and 89.0% of residual activities, whereas the free counterpart retained only 34.0% and 18.0% of residual activities, respectively. Moreover, the immobilized-HRP showed potential efficiency for the decolorization of dyes in sequential dye-decolorizing batch reactions. Cytotoxicity analysis using a plant bioassay and acute test demonstrated that the Ca-alginate immobilized-HRP may effectively be used for detoxification of dyes and has a great potential for large-scale environmental remediation.
State Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism, and School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China.
Muhammad
M
Bilal
School of Engineering and Science, Tecnologico de Monterrey, Campus Monterrey, Ave. Eugenio Garza Sada 2501, Monterrey, N. L. CP 64849, Mexico. Electronic address: hafiz.iqbal@my.westminster.ac.uk.
Hafiz M N
HMN
Iqbal
Fish Nutrition Laboratory, Department of Zoology, Wildlife & Fisheries, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan.
Syed Zakir
SZ
Hussain Shah
State Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism, and School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China.
Hongbo
H
Hu
State Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism, and School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China.
Wei
W
Wang
State Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism, and School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China.
Xuehong
X
Zhang
D000464:Alginates / Q000737:chemistry; D019306:Artemisia / Q000187:drug effects; D001673:Biodegradation, Environmental; D019149:Bioreactors; D002118:Calcium / Q000737:chemistry; D003116:Color; D004396:Coloring Agents / Q000737:chemistry*; D004800:Enzymes, Immobilized; D020723:Glucuronic Acid / Q000737:chemistry; D006603:Hexuronic Acids / Q000737:chemistry; D006735:Horseradish Peroxidase / Q000737:chemistry*; D006863:Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; D010084:Oxidation-Reduction; D013696:Temperature; D018675:Toxicity Tests / Q000379:methods; D014908:Triticum / Q000187:drug effects; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000633:toxicity
D000464:Alginates; D004396:Coloring Agents; D004800:Enzymes, Immobilized; D006603:Hexuronic Acids; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical; D020723:Glucuronic Acid; D006735:Horseradish Peroxidase; D002118:Calcium
Biodegradation; Covalent immobilization; Cytotoxicity; Horseradish peroxidase; Sodium-alginate matrix; Thermo-stability