Sexual chemoecology of mosquitoes (Diptera, Culicidae): Current knowledge and implications for vector control programs.
Mosquitoes (Diptera: Culicidae) act as vectors of medical and veterinary importance, due to their ability to transmit many pathogens and parasites. Renewed interest has been recently devoted to the potential of sterile insect technique (SIT) for mosquito suppression. However, the success of the SIT is mostly dependent on the ability of sterile males to compete for mates with the wild ones in the field. Nevertheless, little is known on the sexual chemical ecology of mosquitoes, with special reference to the role of chemical signals in males. We reviewed the current knowledge on mosquito sexual chemical ecology and other key cues affecting courtship and mating behavior. The information available on the aggregation and sex pheromones in mosquito males is rather limited. To the best of our knowledge, the components of the aggregation pheromone stimulating swarming mechanisms have been fully characterized only for Aedes aegypti, while evidence for aggregation pheromones in other mosquito species remains elusive. Further research on this issue is needed, as well as to dissect the relative importance of visual (with special reference to swarming landmarks), vibrational, olfactory and tactile cues perceived during swarming and mate. On the other hand, more knowledge is available for cuticular hydrocarbons, which modulate mating behavior in several species of economic importance. These compounds, coupled with volatile aggregation components, have potential interest for the development of monitoring and trapping systems. In addition, the analyses of cuticular hydrocarbons are essential for discrimination between closely related mosquito species and/or populations.
Central European Institute of Technology, Brno University of Technology, Purkynova 656/123, Brno CZ-616 00, Czech Republic; Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Faculty of Agronomy, Mendel University in Brno, Zemedelska 1, CZ-613 00 Brno, Czech Republic.
Lucie
L
Vaníčková
Department of Agriculture, Food and Environment, University of Pisa, Via del Borghetto 80, 56124 Pisa, Italy.
Angelo
A
Canale
Department of Agriculture, Food and Environment, University of Pisa, Via del Borghetto 80, 56124 Pisa, Italy. Electronic address: benelli.giovanni@gmail.com.
Giovanni
G
Benelli
D000330:Aedes / Q000502:physiology; D000818:Animals; D009033:Culicidae / Q000502:physiology*; D005260:Female; D007246:Infertility; D008297:Male; D009032:Mosquito Control / Q000379:methods*; D000072138:Mosquito Vectors; D010572:Pest Control, Biological / Q000379:methods; D010675:Pheromones / Q000502:physiology; D012098:Reproduction; D012726:Sexual Behavior, Animal
D010675:Pheromones
Aggregation pheromones; Courtship and mating; Cuticular hydrocarbons; Mate recognition; Mosquito-borne diseases; Sterile insect technique; Swarming behavior