Serum levels of 25-hydroxyvitamin D are associated with periodontal disease.
OBJECTIVE
Vitamin D plays an essential role in bone metabolism as well as in immunity. Hence, it might affect the development and extent of periodontal disease. The aim of this study was the assessment of 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D) status in periodontal disease.


METHODS
Twenty-nine patients with severe periodontal disease and 29 healthy volunteers were recruited in this case-control-study. Serum 25(OH)D levels, Periodontal Probing Depth (PPD), Clinical Attachment Level (CAL), Bleeding on Probing (BOP), Body Mass Index (BMI), and current smoking status and smoking history (packyears) were assessed in all participants. Serum 25(OH)D levels were compared between controls and cases. Multivariable logistic regression was used to determine the odds ratio (OR) and 95 % confidence interval (CI) for periodontal disease in 25(OH)D deficient probands.


RESULTS
Patients with periodontal disease presented a significantly higher proportion of deficient 25(OH)D levels (i.e., <50 nmol/l) compared to healthy controls (48 vs. 14 % respectively). The adjusted OR for periodontal disease with vitamin D deficiency was 1.5 (95 % CI, 1.13-1.98). No correlation between serum 25(OH)D levels and CAL, PPD, and BOP in the group with periodontal disease was found.


CONCLUSIONS
In this case-control-study 25(OH)D deficiency is significantly associated with periodontal disease.


CONCLUSIONS
The assessment of vitamin D levels in patients presenting with periodontal disease seems advisable, as vitamin D deficiency might be involved in the onset and progression of periodontal disease.
Division of Conservative Dentistry and Periodontology, Medical University of Vienna, Sensengasse 2a, 1090, Vienna, Austria. markus.laky@meduniwien.ac.at.
Markus
http://orcid.org/0000-0001-7801-0995
M
Laky
Department of Periodontology, Faculty of Odontology, University of Malmö, Malmö, Sweden.|Division of Oral Surgery, Medical University of Vienna, Sensengasse 2a, 1090, Vienna, Austria.
Kristina
K
Bertl
Division of Conservative Dentistry and Periodontology, Medical University of Vienna, Sensengasse 2a, 1090, Vienna, Austria.
Hady
H
Haririan
Division of Conservative Dentistry and Periodontology, Medical University of Vienna, Sensengasse 2a, 1090, Vienna, Austria.
Oleh
O
Andrukhov
University Hospital of Craniomaxillofacial and Oral Surgery, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.
Rudolf
R
Seemann
Institute of Physiology, Center for Physiology & Pharmacology, Medical University of Vienna, Schwarzspanierstr. 17, A-1090, Vienna, Austria.
Ivo
I
Volf
Institute of Physiology, Center for Physiology & Pharmacology, Medical University of Vienna, Schwarzspanierstr. 17, A-1090, Vienna, Austria.
Alice
A
Assinger
Austrian Cluster for Tissue Regeneration, Vienna, Austria; Department of Oral Biology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.
Reinhard
R
Gruber
Division of Conservative Dentistry and Periodontology, Medical University of Vienna, Sensengasse 2a, 1090, Vienna, Austria.|Division of Dental Education, Medical University of Vienna, Sensengasse 2a, 1090, Vienna, Austria.
Andreas
A
Moritz
Division of Conservative Dentistry and Periodontology, Medical University of Vienna, Sensengasse 2a, 1090, Vienna, Austria.
Xiaohui
X
Rausch-Fan
D000328:Adult; D015992:Body Mass Index; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D010510:Periodontal Diseases / Q000150:complications*; D010512:Periodontal Index; D012307:Risk Factors; D012907:Smoking / Q000453:epidemiology; D014807:Vitamin D / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000097:blood; D014808:Vitamin D Deficiency / Q000150:complications*
D014807:Vitamin D; C104450:25-hydroxyvitamin D
Alveolar bone loss; Case-control study; Periodontal disease; Vitamin deficiency
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