Trace Elements Contamination and Human Health Risk Assessment in Drinking Water from the Agricultural and Pastoral Areas of Bay County, Xinjiang, China.
Tap water samples were collected from 180 families in four agricultural (KYR: Keyir, KRW: Kariwak, YTR: Yatur, DW: Dawanqi) and two pastoral areas (B: Bulong and Y: Yangchang) in Bay County, Xinjiang, China, and levels of seven trace elements (Cd, Cr, As Ni, Pb, Zn, Se) were analyzed using inductively-coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) to assess potential health risks. Remarkable spatial variations of contamination were observed. Overall, the health risk was more severe for carcinogenic versus non-carcinogenic pollutants due to heavy metal. The risk index was greater for children overall (Cr > As > Cd and Zn > Se for carcinogenic and non-carcinogenic elements, respectively). The total risk index was greater in agricultural areas (DW > KYR > YTR > KRW > B > Y). Total risk indices were greater where well water was the source versus fountain water; for the latter, the total health risk index was greater versus glacier water. Main health risk factors were Cr and As in DW, KYR, YTR, KRW, and B, and Zn, Cr, and As in the Y region. Overall, total trace element-induced health risk (including for DW adults) was higher than acceptable (10(-6)) and lower than priority risk levels (10(-4)) (KYR, YTR, KRW, Y, and B). For DW children, total health risk reached 1.08 × 10(-4), higher than acceptable and priority risk levels (10(-4)).
Key Laboratory of Land Surface Pattern and Simulation, Institute of Geographical Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 11 A Datun Road, Beijing 100101, China. muys.14b@igsnrr.ac.cn.|University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China. muys.14b@igsnrr.ac.cn.
Muyessar
M
Turdi
Key Laboratory of Land Surface Pattern and Simulation, Institute of Geographical Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 11 A Datun Road, Beijing 100101, China. yangls@igsnrr.ac.cn.
Linsheng
L
Yang
D000328:Adult; D000383:Agriculture; D002648:Child; D002681:China; D060766:Drinking Water / Q000032:analysis*; D004784:Environmental Monitoring / Q000379:methods; D006801:Humans; D019216:Metals, Heavy / Q000032:analysis; D018570:Risk Assessment; D014131:Trace Elements / Q000032:analysis*; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D060986:Water Wells
D060766:Drinking Water; D019216:Metals, Heavy; D014131:Trace Elements; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical
Xinjiang; agriculture areas; drinking water; human risk assessment; pastoral areas; trace elements
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