Extracellular vesicles are present in mouse lymph and their level differs in atherosclerosis.
The lymphatic system works in close collaboration with the cardiovascular system to preserve fluid balance throughout the body and is essential for the trafficking of antigen-presenting cells and lymphocytes to lymphoid organs. Recent findings have associated lymphatic dysfunction with the pathogenesis of cardiovascular-related diseases such as atherosclerosis, inflammation and obesity. Whether lymphatic dysfunction is a cause or a consequence of these diseases, as well as how, is under intensive investigation. Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are submicron vesicles released by diverse cell types upon activation or apoptosis and are considered important biomarkers for several inflammatory diseases. Thus, it is critical to characterize the presence of EVs in various biological tissues and fluids to delineate their origins and, subsequently, their functions. In the past few years, new techniques allowing the quantitative and qualitative analysis of EVs have emerged, thus facilitating the onset of studies bridging these vesicles to the lymphatic system. Using several state-of-the-art approaches, this article reports the presence of diverse EVs inclusively derived from red blood cells and platelets in lymph of healthy animals. Our results suggest that lymph from atherosclerotic mice displays a higher concentration of EVs, bringing forward the concept that EVs contained in lymph could either be a biomarker for lymphatic dysfunction or, conversely, for inflammatory disease progression.
Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC, Canada.|Montreal Heart Institute, Montreal, QC, Canada.
Andreea
A
Milasan
Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Québec, Department of Infectious Diseases and Immunity, Faculty of Medicine, Université Laval, Quebec City, QC, Canada.
Nicolas
N
Tessandier
UMR-CBMN, CNRS, University of Bordeaux, IPB, Pessac, France.
Sisareuth
S
Tan
UMR-CBMN, CNRS, University of Bordeaux, IPB, Pessac, France.
Alain
A
Brisson
Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Québec, Department of Infectious Diseases and Immunity, Faculty of Medicine, Université Laval, Quebec City, QC, Canada; Eric.Boilard@crchudequebec.ulaval.ca.
Eric
E
Boilard
Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC, Canada.|Montreal Heart Institute, Montreal, QC, Canada; Catherine.martel@icm-mhi.org.
Catherine
C
Martel
atherosclerosis; biomarkers; inflammation; lymphatic vessels; platelets
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