Multi-pass microscopy.
Microscopy of biological specimens often requires low light levels to avoid damage. This yields images impaired by shot noise. An improved measurement accuracy at the Heisenberg limit can be achieved exploiting quantum correlations. If sample damage is the limiting resource, an equivalent limit can be reached by passing photons through a specimen multiple times sequentially. Here we use self-imaging cavities and employ a temporal post-selection scheme to present full-field multi-pass polarization and transmission micrographs with variance reductions of 4.4±0.8 dB (11.6±0.8 dB in a lossless setup) and 4.8±0.8 dB, respectively, compared with the single-pass shot-noise limit. If the accuracy is limited by the number of detected probe particles, our measurements show a variance reduction of 25.9±0.9 dB. The contrast enhancement capabilities in imaging and in diffraction studies are demonstrated with nanostructured samples and with embryonic kidney 293T cells. This approach to Heisenberg-limited microscopy does not rely on quantum state engineering.
Physics Department, Stanford University, 382 Via Pueblo Mall, Stanford, California 94305, USA.
Thomas
http://orcid.org/0000-0002-7098-5736
T
Juffmann
Physics Department, Stanford University, 382 Via Pueblo Mall, Stanford, California 94305, USA.
Brannon B
BB
Klopfer
Physics Department, Stanford University, 382 Via Pueblo Mall, Stanford, California 94305, USA.
Timmo L I
TLI
Frankort
Department of Physics, University of California-Berkeley, 366 Le Conte Hall MS 7300, Berkeley, California 94720, USA.
Philipp
P
Haslinger
Physics Department, Stanford University, 382 Via Pueblo Mall, Stanford, California 94305, USA.
Mark A
MA
Kasevich
Nat Methods. 2016 Jan;13(1):28-32
26716559
Nature. 2007 Nov 15;450(7168):393-6
18004379
Appl Opt. 1969 Jan 1;8(1):189-95
20072194
Science. 2004 Nov 19;306(5700):1330-6
15550661
Phys Rev Lett. 2016 Feb 12;116(6):061102
26918975
Science. 1996 Jul 5;273(5271):84-7
8688055
Nat Commun. 2013;4:2426
24026165
Nat Commun. 2014 Jul 29;5:4495
25072241
Ultramicroscopy. 2014 Oct;145:85-93
24679438
Nat Commun. 2015 Jun 24;6:7249
26105690
Phys Rev Lett. 2006 Jan 13;96(1):010401
16486424
J Cell Sci. 2009 Mar 15;122(Pt 6):753-67
19261845
Phys Rev Lett. 2014 Mar 14;112(10):103604
24679294