Design, synthesis, and evaluation of pyrazolo-pyrazole derivatives on Methylisocitratelyase of Pseudomonas aeruginosa: in silico and in vitro study.
Pseudomonas aeruginosa is an opportunistic micro-organism causing diseases both in animals and humans. In case of human pathology, the role of P. aeruginosa is one of the major concerns in intensive care septicemia. Presently, the drug resistance strains of P. aeruginosa are arising mainly by developing multiple mechanisms due to its natural and acquired resistance to many of the antimicrobial agents commonly used in clinical practice. As a result, there is a direct need to invent new drugs so that they may restrict the outbreak of multidrug resistant strains. Virtual high-throughput insilico screening, which helps to identify the chemical ligands that bind to the enzymes, is an important tool in drug discovery and the drugs discovered in this way are clinically tested. In this study, Methylisocitratelyase (MICL), which is essential for the survival of the bacterium and which doesn't show any similarity with the humans, was selected to evaluate the functions of high-afﬁnity inhibitors (PPI-analogs) that are identified using the virtual screening approach. By adopting the computational analysis tools, structural, functional, and inhibitor interactions of MICL against P. aeruginosa were identified. The PPIA-32 is found to be the best binding interactions with MICL. PPIA-32 reduces the binding afﬁnity for substrate to residues required for MICL enzyme activity and also Root Mean Square Deviation simulations show the most stable nature of PPA32-MICL(complex) than that of MICL alone, thereby effectively inhibiting the growth of virulent P. aeruginosa. To our surprise, the same phenomenon is also identified with other gram-negative bacteria like Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae, and Salmonella typhi.
a BIF, Department of Biochemistry , Sri Krishnadevaraya University , Anantapur 515 003 , India.|b Department of Biotechnology , Acharya Nagarjuna University , Guntur 522 510 , India.
Madhusudana
M
Pulaganti
c Department of Biotechnology , Sri Krishnadevaraya University , Anantapur 515 003 , India.
Anuradha
A
C M
a BIF, Department of Biochemistry , Sri Krishnadevaraya University , Anantapur 515 003 , India.
Chitta Suresh
CS
Kumar
D000595:Amino Acid Sequence; D000818:Animals; D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents / Q000138:chemical synthesis / Q000378:metabolism / Q000494:pharmacology*; D001426:Bacterial Proteins / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors* / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism; D019755:Carbon-Carbon Lyases / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors* / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D003198:Computer Simulation; D015195:Drug Design; D024901:Drug Resistance, Multiple, Bacterial / Q000187:drug effects; D006801:Humans; D008826:Microbial Sensitivity Tests; D062105:Molecular Docking Simulation; D011485:Protein Binding; D000072417:Protein Domains; D011550:Pseudomonas aeruginosa / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000201:enzymology / Q000235:genetics; D011720:Pyrazoles / Q000138:chemical synthesis / Q000378:metabolism / Q000494:pharmacology*; D017386:Sequence Homology, Amino Acid
D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents; D001426:Bacterial Proteins; D011720:Pyrazoles; D019755:Carbon-Carbon Lyases; C417277:methylisocitrate lyase
MICL; docking; pyrazolo-pyrazole derivatives; synthesis; virtual screening