The Forgotten Virulence Factor: The 'non-conventional' Hemolysin TlyA And Its Role in Helicobacter pylori Infection.
Helicobacter pylori is a human-specific Gram-negative pathogenic bacterium which colonizes the gastric mucosal layer in the stomach causing diseases such as peptic ulcer, adenocarcinoma, and gastric lymphoma. It is estimated that approximately half of the world's population is infected with H. pylori making it the most intensively characterized microbial pathogen up to now. Hemolysis has been suggested to significantly contribute to colonization of the stomach and disease progression by H. pylori. In a number of earlier studies, TlyA was characterized as a putative pore-forming cytolysin. Although a few observations in the literature suggest a role for TlyA as significant virulence factor of H. pylori, the molecular and structural characterization of this protein is much curtailed at present. Given the intensive characterization of numerous H. pylori virulence factors over the past decade, surprisingly little information exists for the TlyA toxin and its significance for pathogenesis. This review provides a brief overview on microbial hemolysis and its role for pathogenesis and discusses recent research efforts aimed at an improved understanding of the role of the 'non-conventional' hemolysin and its associated RNA methyltransferase TlyA from H. pylori.
Bacterial Toxin Research Cluster, Institute of Molecular Biosciences, Mahidol University, Nakornpathom, 73170, Thailand.
Mohammad Bagher
MB
Javadi
Bacterial Toxin Research Cluster, Institute of Molecular Biosciences, Mahidol University, Nakornpathom, 73170, Thailand. katzenmeier.ger@mahidol.ac.th.
Gerd
G
Katzenmeier
D000818:Animals; D001426:Bacterial Proteins / Q000378:metabolism*; D016481:Helicobacter Infections / Q000382:microbiology*; D016480:Helicobacter pylori / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000472:pathogenicity; D006460:Hemolysin Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D006801:Humans; D014774:Virulence; D037521:Virulence Factors / Q000378:metabolism*
D001426:Bacterial Proteins; D006460:Hemolysin Proteins; C588092:TlyA protein, Helicobacter pylori; D037521:Virulence Factors
Helicobacter pylori; Hemolysis; Pathogenesis; Pore-forming toxin; TlyA hemolysin
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