Prioritizing Systemic Corticosteroid Treatments to Mitigate Relapse in Adults With Acute Asthma: A Systematic Review and Network Meta-analysis.
While systemic corticosteroids (SCS) are widely used to prevent relapse in adults with acute asthma discharged from the emergency department, the most effective route of administration is unclear. The objective of this review was to examine the effectiveness of SCS in adults and to identify the most effective route of SCS to preventing relapse.



A search was conducted to identify randomized controlled trials comparing the effectiveness of intramuscular (IM) or oral (PO) short-course or long-course corticosteroids to prevent relapse in adults with acute asthma. Two independent reviewers judged study relevance, inclusion, and risk of bias. Pooled statistics were calculated as risk ratios (RR) and odds ratios (OR) with 95% confidence intervals (CI) and credibility intervals (CrI) using a random-effects model. A Bayesian network meta-analysis was performed for indirect comparisons of SCS to placebo. Probability of best (PB) analysis was reported for comparisons between the routes of administration.



Thirteen studies of moderate quality were included. Four studies compared SCS to placebo, in which SCS significantly reduced relapse (RR = 0.43; 95% CI = 0.25 to 0.74). In the network meta-analysis, a significant reduction in relapse within 10 days of discharge was found in adults receiving IM (OR = 0.21; 95% CrI = 0.05 to 0.73) and PO long-course (OR = 0.31; 95% CrI = 0.09 to 0.95) corticosteroids. Relapse rates between PO short-course corticosteroids and placebo were not statistically significantly different (OR = 0.37; 95% CrI = 0.04 to 3.38). PB analysis favored IM corticosteroids (62%) followed by PO short-course (20.3%) and PO long-course (14.1%) corticosteroids.



The network analysis identified IM corticosteroids and PO long-course corticosteroids as the most effective strategies to prevent relapse among adults with acute asthma, compared to PO short-course corticosteroids. The lack of significant findings with PO short-course corticosteroids is likely due to the paucity of research. Further comparative studies are required to determine the safety and effectiveness of briefer PO SCS treatment options in adults.
Department of Emergency Medicine, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta.|School of Public Health, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta.
Brian H
BH
Rowe
Department of Emergency Medicine, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta.
Scott W
SW
Kirkland
Alberta Research Centre for Health Evidence, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta.
Ben
B
Vandermeer
J.W. Scott Health Sciences Library, University of Alberta, Walter C. Mackenzie Health Sciences Centre, Edmonton, Alberta.
Sandy
S
Campbell
Department of Pediatrics, University of Alberta, Edmonton Clinic Health Academy, Edmonton, Alberta.
Amanda
A
Newton
Departments of Pediatrics and of Social and Preventive Medicine, University of Montreal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.
Francine M
FM
Ducharme
Department of Emergency Medicine, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta.|School of Public Health, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta.
Cristina
C
Villa-Roel
D000208:Acute Disease; D000305:Adrenal Cortex Hormones / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D000328:Adult; D001249:Asthma / Q000188:drug therapy*; D001499:Bayes Theorem; D004636:Emergency Service, Hospital / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D006801:Humans; D010351:Patient Discharge / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D012008:Recurrence; D012306:Risk; D055502:Secondary Prevention
D000305:Adrenal Cortex Hormones