Exosomes are possibly used as a tool of immune regulation during the dendritic cell-based immune therapy against HIV-I.
Dendritic cell (DC)-based immune therapy (IT) against HIV showed variable results. It is known that different factors influence host response to DC-IT. Exosomes derived from DC are regulators of the immune system. In this context, here we hypothesize about the role of the DC-derived exosomes on the DC-IT response. Based on data from RT-PCR array genes expression (focused on the TSG101 gene, an exosome marker) and flow cytometry experiments of a DC-IT against HIV-1 clinical trial, we hypothesize that: During the DC-IT exosomes are used as an additional tool for immune system modulation. In addition, we believe that a low release of exosomes can be more beneficial for the DC-IT response than a high release of exosomes. Our data reinforce the concept that exosomes can act as an immune regulatory tool, however not in a generalized manner, but in a highly precise way. Our hypothesis is based in preliminary experimental data, thus, it should be tested using experimental and functional strategies involving a great number of patients. Once the hypothesis confirmed, the immunomodulatory role of the exosomes during DC-IT must be considered as an important factor in the (I) evaluation, (II) modulation, and (III) success of DC-IT against HIV.
Laboratório de Imunogenética, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Genética e Biologia Molecular, Departamento de Genética, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Brazil.
Joel Henrique
JH
Ellwanger
Laboratório de Imunopatologia Keizo Azami, Departamento de Genética, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco (UFPE), Brazil.
Sergio
S
Crovella
Laboratório de Imunogenética, Departamento de Imunologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade de São Paulo (USP), Brazil.
Edione Cristina
EC
Dos Reis
Laboratório de Imunogenética, Departamento de Imunologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade de São Paulo (USP), Brazil.
Alessandra
A
Pontillo
Laboratório de Imunogenética, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Genética e Biologia Molecular, Departamento de Genética, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Brazil. Electronic address: jabchies@terra.com.br.
José Artur Bogo
JA
Chies
D000328:Adult; D002986:Clinical Trials as Topic; D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins / Q000235:genetics*; D003713:Dendritic Cells / Q000378:metabolism*; D015536:Down-Regulation; D056827:Endosomal Sorting Complexes Required for Transport / Q000235:genetics*; D055354:Exosomes / Q000378:metabolism*; D005434:Flow Cytometry / Q000379:methods; D015658:HIV Infections / Q000097:blood / Q000628:therapy*; D015497:HIV-1 / Q000378:metabolism*; D006801:Humans; D007107:Immune System; D007155:Immunologic Factors / Q000378:metabolism; D007167:Immunotherapy; D008297:Male; D009000:Monocytes / Q000166:cytology; D060888:Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction; D014157:Transcription Factors / Q000235:genetics*; D015854:Up-Regulation; D000099177:Tsg101 Protein
D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins; D056827:Endosomal Sorting Complexes Required for Transport; D007155:Immunologic Factors; D014157:Transcription Factors; D000099177:Tsg101 Protein