Circulating immune cells in multiple sclerosis.
Circulating T and B lymphocytes contribute to the pathogenesis of the neuroinflammatory autoimmune disease, multiple sclerosis (MS). Further progress in the development of MS treatments is dependent upon a greater understanding of the immunological disturbances that underlie the disease. Analyses of circulating immune cells by flow cytometry have revealed MS-associated alterations in the composition and function of T and B cell subsets, including temporal changes associated with disease activity. Disturbances in circulating immune populations reflect those observed in the central nervous system and include skewing towards proinflammatory CD4+and CD8+T cells and B cells, greater proportions of follicular T helper cells and functional defects in the corresponding T and B regulatory subsets. Utilizing the analytical power of modern flow cytometers, researchers are now well positioned to monitor immunological changes associated with disease activity or intervention, describe immunological signatures with predictive value and identify targets for therapeutic drug development. This review discusses the contribution of various T and B lymphocyte subsets to MS pathogenesis, provides current and relevant phenotypical descriptions to assist in experimental design and highlights areas of future research.
Telethon Kids Institute, The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA.
A P
AP
Jones
Centre for Neuromuscular and Neurological Disorders, Western Australian Neuroscience Research Institute, The University of Western Australia, Sir Charles Gairdner Hospital, Perth, WA.|Institute for Immunology and Infectious Disease, Murdoch University, Perth, WA.
A G
AG
Kermode
National Centre for Epidemiology and Population Health, Research School of Population Health, Australian National University, Canberra, ACT.
R M
RM
Lucas
Centre for Neuromuscular and Neurological Disorders, Western Australian Neuroscience Research Institute, The University of Western Australia, Sir Charles Gairdner Hospital, Perth, WA.|Institute for Immunology and Infectious Disease, Murdoch University, Perth, WA.
W M
WM
Carroll
Institute for Immunology and Infectious Disease, Murdoch University, Perth, WA.|Immunology Department, Royal Perth Hospital, Perth, WA, Australia.
D
D
Nolan
Telethon Kids Institute, The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA.
P H
PH
Hart
D000818:Animals; D001402:B-Lymphocytes / Q000276:immunology*; D001773:Blood Cells / Q000276:immunology*; D006801:Humans; D016130:Immunophenotyping; D016131:Lymphocyte Subsets / Q000276:immunology*; D009103:Multiple Sclerosis / Q000276:immunology*; D013601:T-Lymphocytes / Q000276:immunology*
B cells; T cells; flow cytometry; multiple sclerosis
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