Photorespiration and the potential to improve photosynthesis.
The photorespiratory pathway, in short photorespiration, is an essential metabolite repair pathway that allows the photosynthetic CO2fixation of plants to occur in the presence of oxygen. It is necessary because oxygen is a competing substrate of the CO2-fixing enzyme ribulose 1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase, forming 2-phosphoglycolate that negatively interferes with photosynthesis. Photorespiration very efficiently recycles 2-phosphoglycolate into 3-phosphoglycerate, which re-enters the Calvin-Benson cycle to drive sustainable photosynthesis. Photorespiration however requires extra energy and re-oxidises one quarter of the 2-phosphoglycolate carbon to CO2, lowering potential maximum rates of photosynthesis in most plants including food and energy crops. This review discusses natural and artificial strategies to reduce the undesired impact of air oxygen on photosynthesis and in turn plant growth.
Universität Rostock, Institut für Biowissenschaften, Abteilung Pflanzenphysiologie, Albert-Einstein-Str. 3, D-18051 Rostock, Germany. Electronic address: martin.hagemann@uni-rostock.de.
Martin
M
Hagemann
Universität Rostock, Institut für Biowissenschaften, Abteilung Pflanzenphysiologie, Albert-Einstein-Str. 3, D-18051 Rostock, Germany.
Hermann
H
Bauwe
D002245:Carbon Dioxide / Q000378:metabolism; D018556:Crops, Agricultural / Q000378:metabolism; D010788:Photosynthesis; D018521:Plant Physiological Phenomena; D012273:Ribulose-Bisphosphate Carboxylase / Q000378:metabolism
D002245:Carbon Dioxide; D012273:Ribulose-Bisphosphate Carboxylase