Three indigenous plants used in anti-cancer remedies, Garcinia kola Heckel (stem bark), Uvaria chamae P. Beauv. (root) and Olax subscorpioidea Oliv. (root) show analgesic and anti-inflammatory activities in animal models.
BACKGROUND
Phytochemicals with anti-oxidative and anti-inflammatory properties are known to inhibit tumour initiation, promotion and progression. Hence, there is an increasingly-convincing rationale for employing remedies containing those phytochemicals in the treatment of cancers and also as analgesic and anti-inflammatory adjuvants in therapy. The plants Garcinia kola Heckel (Clusiaceae), stem bark; Uvaria chamae P. Beauv. (Annonaceae), root; and Olax subscorpioidea Oliv. (Olacaceae), root, have been documented to be part of various indigenous anti-cancer regimens.


OBJECTIVE
To determine if the three plants exhibit significant anti-oxidative and anti-inflammatory properties.


METHODS
Using established models, the analgesic and anti-inflammatory activities of the three plants were investigated.


RESULTS
Pre-treatment with the plant extracts at 100, 200 and 400mg/kg produced inhibition of writhes; G. kola and U. chamae showed no significant effect on formalin-induced pain, but O. subscorpioidea produced inhibition in both phases of the formalin test. Similarly, while G. kola and U. chamae did not produce any significant inhibitory effect in the xylene-induced ear oedema model, the oedema was significantly reduced by O. subscorpioidea pre-treatment. However, all the three plants significantly inhibited the time-dependent increase in paw circumference in the carrageenan- and formaldehyde-induced rat paw oedema tests, with peak effects observed at 400mg/kg, 6h after the induction of oedema, comparable in some cases to the effects of two standard drugs, the non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug diclofenac and the anti-inflammatory antibiotic doxycycline.


CONCLUSIONS
We conclude that the three plant extracts possess analgesic and anti-inflammatory properties, thus providing a scientific rationale for their inclusion in some traditional anti-cancer regimens.
Department of Pharmacology, Therapeutics and Toxicology, College of Medicine, University of Lagos, Nigeria. Electronic address: tdpopoola@cmul.edu.ng.
Temidayo D
TD
Popoola
Department of Pharmacology, Therapeutics and Toxicology, College of Medicine, University of Lagos, Nigeria.
Olufunsho
O
Awodele
Department of Pharmacology, Therapeutics and Toxicology, College of Medicine, University of Lagos, Nigeria.
Adeola
A
Omisanya
Department of Pharmacology, Therapeutics and Toxicology, College of Medicine, University of Lagos, Nigeria.
Nkechinyerem
N
Obi
Department of Pharmacology, Therapeutics and Toxicology, College of Medicine, University of Lagos, Nigeria.
Chioma
C
Umezinwa
School of Medical Sciences, University of Bradford, Bradford, West Yorkshire BD7 1DP, UK. Electronic address: a.fatokun@bradford.ac.uk.
Amos A
AA
Fatokun
D000700:Analgesics / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D000818:Animals; D000893:Anti-Inflammatory Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D000972:Antineoplastic Agents, Phytogenic / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D029763:Garcinia kola / Q000737:chemistry*; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D031656:Olacaceae / Q000737:chemistry*; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D018514:Plant Structures / Q000737:chemistry; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D031046:Uvaria / Q000737:chemistry*
D000700:Analgesics; D000893:Anti-Inflammatory Agents; D000972:Antineoplastic Agents, Phytogenic; D010936:Plant Extracts
Analgesic; Animal models; Anti-cancer; Anti-inflammatory; Ethnopharmacology; Traditional medicines