Translation, adaptation, and validation of the behavioral pain scale and the critical-care pain observational tools in Taiwan.
This study describes the cultural adaptation and testing of the behavioral pain scale (BPS) and the critical-care pain observation tools (CPOT) for pain assessment in Taiwan. The cross-cultural adaptation followed the steps of translation, including forward translation, back-translation, evaluation of the translations by a committee of experts, adjustments, and then piloting of the prefinal versions of the BPS and the CPOT. A content validity index was used to assess content validities of the BPS and the CPOT, with 0.80 preset as the level that would be regarded as acceptable. The principal investigator then made adjustments when the content validity index was <0.80. The pilot test was performed with a sample of ten purposively selected patients by 2 medical staff from a medical care center in Taiwan. The BPS and the CPOT are adequate instruments for the assessment of pain levels in patients who cannot communicate due to sedation and ventilation treatments.
Department of Nursing, College of Nursing, Tzu Chi University of Science and Technology.
Nai-Huan
NH
Hsiung
Department of Nursing, College of Nursing, Tzu Chi University of Science and Technology.
Yen
Y
Yang
Department of Curriculum Design and Human Potentials Development, National Dong Hwa University, Hualien, Taiwan, Republic of China.
Ming Shinn
MS
Lee
Department of Public Health Science, School of Health Sciences, Örebro University, Örebro, Sweden.
Koustuv
K
Dalal
School of Nursing, Midwifery & Social Care, Edinburgh Napier University, Edinburgh, UK.
Graeme D
GD
Smith
BPS; CPOT; Taiwan; pain; scales
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