Acute effects of Expiratory Positive Airway Pressure (EPAP) on different levels in ventilation and electrical activity of sternocleidomastoid and parasternal muscles in Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) patients: a randomized controlled trial.
To investigate the acute effects of EPAP on the activity of sternocleidomastoid (SCM), parasternal muscles and ventilatory parameters in COPD patients.



Twenty-four patients with COPD were studied using surface electromyography (sEMG) and a ventilometer. Patients were randomly assigned to EPAP 10 cmH2O-EPAP10 or 15 cmH2O-EPAP15 for 20 minutes.



The parasternal muscle sEMG activity increased during EPAP10 and EPAP15; however, a greater and significant increase was observed with EPAP10 (mean between-group difference: 12.5% RMS, 95% CI: 9.5 to 15.4, p<0.001). In relation to the baseline, at 10 and 20 minutes and upon recovery, respectively parasternal activity increased by 23.9%, 28.9% and 19.1% during EPAP10 and by 10.7% at 10 and 20 minutes and upon recovery, respectively, 11.4% and 6.9% during EPAP15 at 10 and 20 minutes and upon recovery, respectively. The sEMG activity of SCM muscle showed an opposite pattern, increasing with EPAP15 and decreasing with EPAP10 (mean between-group difference: 15.5% RMS, 95% CI: 12.6 to 18.4, p<0.001). SCM muscle activity during EPAP15, increased by 4.8% and 6.1% at 10 and 20 minutes and decreased by -4.0% upon recovery compared to decreases of -5.6%, -20.6% and -21.3% during EPAP10 at 10, 20 minutes, and recovery. Ventilation at both EPAP intensities promoted significant reductions in respiratory rate (RR) and dyspnea, more pronounced in EPAP15: RR (mean between-group difference: -3,8bpm, 95%CI: -7,5 to -0,2, p=0,015) and dyspnea (mean between-group difference: -1.01, 95%CI: -1.4 to -0.53, p=0.028) .



In COPD patients, the use of EPAP10 was more effective in reducing accessory inspiratory activity and increasing parasternal activity, which was accompanied by an improvement in ventilation and a reduction in dyspnea.
Programa de Pós-graduação em Ciências Médicas, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil.|Departamento de Educação Física e Saúde, Universidade de Santa Cruz do Sul (UNISC), Santa Cruz do Sul, RS, Brazil.|Programa de Pós-graduação em Ciências Pneumológicas, UFRGS, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil.
Dannuey M
DM
Cardoso
Laboratório de Desempenho PneumoCardioVascular & Músculos Respiratórios, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte (UFRN), Natal, RN, Brazil.|Laboratório PneumoCardioVascular, Hospital Universitário Onofre Lopes, Empresa Brasileira de Serviços (EBSERH), Natal, RN, Brazil.
Guilherme A F
GA
Fregonezi
Departamento de Educação Física e Saúde, Universidade de Santa Cruz do Sul (UNISC), Santa Cruz do Sul, RS, Brazil.
Renan T
RT
Jost
Programa de Pós-graduação em Ciências Pneumológicas, UFRGS, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil.
Ricardo
R
Gass
Escola de Educação Física, Universidade Federal de Pelotas (UFPel), Pelotas, RS, Brazil.
Cristine L
CL
Alberton
Programa de Pós-graduação em Reabilitação Funcional, Departamento de Fisioterapia e Reabilitação, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria (UFSM), Santa Maria, RS, Brazil.
Isabella M
IM
Albuquerque
Departamento de Educação Física e Saúde, Universidade de Santa Cruz do Sul (UNISC), Santa Cruz do Sul, RS, Brazil.|Programa de Pós-graduação Mestrado em Promoção da Saúde, UNISC, Santa Cruz do Sul, RS, Brazil.
Dulciane N
DN
Paiva
Serviço de Pneumologia, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre (HCPA), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil.
Sérgio S M
SS
Barreto
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