Country-specific HPV-related genital disease among men residing in Brazil, Mexico and The United States: The HIM study.
The purpose of this study was to assess whether the incidence of histopathologically confirmed condyloma and penile intraepithelial neoplasia (PeIN) and rates of genital HPV infection progression to these lesions differs by country (Brazil, Mexico and the U.S.). At each visit, lesions were biopsied and were categorized by pathologic diagnoses. The Linear Array genotyping method was used to identify HPV genotypes from genital swabs, while the INNO-LiPA HPV Genotyping Extra method was used for tissue specimens. Age-specific analyses were conducted for lesion incidence by country, with Kaplan-Meier estimation of cumulative incidence. The proportion of HPV infections that progressed to condyloma and PeIN, the median time to lesion development and the incidence rates were estimated by country. When comparing demographic and sexual characteristics across the three countries, sexual orientation (p = 0.008) and lifetime number of female sexual partners (p < 0.0001) were differentially associated with lesion incidence in the three countries. Condyloma incidence in Brazil and the U.S. decreased with age, while incidence remained constant across the lifespan in Mexico. There were no differences by country and age for PeIN incidence. HPV types 6 and 11 were the most common types to progress to condyloma and HPV types 16, 6 and 11 were the most common types to progress to PeIN in all three countries. The continuous risk of condyloma and PeIN across all age groups and countries in this study emphasizes the need to ensure that strong HPV immunity, such as that obtained through vaccination, is maintained across the lifespan of men.
Center for Infection Research on Cancer, Moffitt Cancer Center & Research Institute, Tampa, FL.
Staci L
SL
Sudenga
Center for Infection Research on Cancer, Moffitt Cancer Center & Research Institute, Tampa, FL.
B Nelson
BN
Torres
Center for Infection Research on Cancer, Moffitt Cancer Center & Research Institute, Tampa, FL.
William J
WJ
Fulp
Centro de Referencia de Treinamento em DST e Aids, São Paulo, Brazil.
Roberto
R
Silva
Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.
Luisa L
LL
Villa
Instituto Nacional de Salud Pública, Cuernavaca, México.
Eduardo
E
Lazcano-Ponce
Center for Infection Research on Cancer, Moffitt Cancer Center & Research Institute, Tampa, FL.
Donna J
DJ
Ingles
School of Medicine, University of Virginia Health System, Charlottesville, VA.
Mark
M
Stoler
Center for Infection Research on Cancer, Moffitt Cancer Center & Research Institute, Tampa, FL.
Jane L
JL
Messina
Center for Infection Research on Cancer, Moffitt Cancer Center & Research Institute, Tampa, FL.
Martha
M
Abrahamsen
Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.
Maria Luiza
ML
Baggio
Instituto Nacional de Salud Pública, Cuernavaca, México.
Jorge
J
Salmeron
Instituto Nacional de Salud Pública, Cuernavaca, México.
Manuel
M
Quiterio
Center for Infection Research on Cancer, Moffitt Cancer Center & Research Institute, Tampa, FL.
Anna R
AR
Giuliano
D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D001938:Brazil / Q000453:epidemiology; D005832:Genital Diseases, Male / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000209:etiology / Q000821:virology*; D005838:Genotype; D006801:Humans; D015994:Incidence; D008297:Male; D008800:Mexico / Q000453:epidemiology; D008875:Middle Aged; D027383:Papillomaviridae / Q000235:genetics; D030361:Papillomavirus Infections / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000209:etiology / Q000821:virology; D012307:Risk Factors; D012725:Sexual Behavior / Q000523:psychology; D012747:Sexual Partners / Q000523:psychology; D014481:United States / Q000453:epidemiology; D055815:Young Adult
HIM Study; PeIN; condyloma; external genital lesion; human papillomavirus
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