In vitro Antiviral Activity of Rubia cordifolia Aerial Part Extract against Rotavirus.
The root of Rubia cordifolia has been used traditionally as a hemostatic agent, while the aerial part of the plant consisting of leaf and stem is known to exhibit anti-diarrheal properties and has been widely used as a remedy in many parts of China. As rotavirus is one of the most commonly associated diarrhea-causing pathogen, this study aims to investigate the anti-rotaviral effect of R. cordifolia aerial part (RCAP). The cytotoxicity of RCAP toward MA-104 cells was evaluated using the WST-8 assay. Colloidal gold method and real time polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) assay were used to confirm the findings of the antiviral assay. Then, 4',6-diamidino-2-phenylindole (DAPI) staining method was subsequently used to investigate the mode of death among the cells. And the representative components of aqueous extract were isolated and identified. It was shown that both the viability of MA-104 cells and the viral load were reduced with increasing concentration of the extract. DAPI staining showed that virus-induced apoptosis was the cause of the low cell viability and viral load, an effect which was accelerated with incubation in the aqueous herbal extract. The major compounds postulated to exhibit this activity were isolated from the aqueous herbal extract and identified to be compounds Xanthopurpurin and Vanillic Acid. This study showed that RCAP extract effectively inhibited rotavirus multiplication by promoting virus-induced apoptosis in MA-104 cells.
Department of Pharmacy, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhan, China; Department of Pharmacy, National University of SingaporeSingapore, Singapore.
Yuanyuan
Y
Sun
Department of Pharmacy, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology Wuhan, China.
Xuepeng
X
Gong
Department of Pharmacy, National University of Singapore Singapore, Singapore.
Jia Y
JY
Tan
Department of Pharmacy, National University of Singapore Singapore, Singapore.
Lifeng
L
Kang
Department of Pharmacy, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology Wuhan, China.
Dongyan
D
Li
Department of Infectious Diseases, Wuhan Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology Wuhan, China.
Vikash
College of Life Sciences, Central China Normal University Wuhan, China.
Jihong
J
Yang
Department of Pharmacy, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology Wuhan, China.
Guang
G
Du
Rubia cordifolia; aerial part; antiviral activity; apoptosis; diarrhea; rotavirus
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