Targeting Antitumor Immune Response for Enhancing the Efficacy of Photodynamic Therapy of Cancer: Recent Advances and Future Perspectives.
Photodynamic therapy (PDT) is a minimally invasive therapeutic strategy for cancer treatment, which can destroy local tumor cells and induce systemic antitumor immune response, whereas, focusing on improving direct cytotoxicity to tumor cells treated by PDT, there is growing interest in developing approaches to further explore the immune stimulatory properties of PDT. In this review we summarize the current knowledge of the innate and adaptive immune responses induced by PDT against tumors, providing evidence showing PDT facilitated-antitumor immunity. Various immunotherapeutic approaches on different cells are reviewed for their effectiveness in improving the treatment efficiency in concert with PDT. Future perspectives are discussed for further enhancing PDT efficiency via intracellular targetable drug delivery as well as optimized experimental model development associated with the study of antitumor immune response.
Department of Biomedical Engineering, Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, 169 Sheng Tai West Road, Nanjing, Jiangsu 211106, China.
Yamin
0000-0002-8613-1604
Y
Yang
Department of Biological and Environmental Engineering, Cornell University, 120 Riley Robb, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA.
Yue
0000-0002-1116-7303
Y
Hu
Department of Chemistry, Chemical Biology and Biomedical Engineering, Stevens Institute of Technology, Castle Point on Hudson, Hoboken, NJ 07030, USA.
Hongjun
0000-0003-3041-9964
H
Wang
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