West Nile Virus Infection in Human and Mouse Cornea Tissue.
The purpose of this study was to determine the in vitro and ex vivo susceptibility of human corneal cells to West Nile virus (WNV) infection and evaluate the ability of the virus to disseminate to the corneas of infected mice. Human corneal epithelial cells were challenged with WNV, incubated for 1-6 days, and tested for evidence of WNV infection. Viral RNA and antigen were detected at every time point, and the virus reached a peak titer of 2.5 × 107plaque-forming units (pfu)/mL at 3 days postinoculation (PI). Corneas procured from donors were incubated in culture dishes containing WNV for 1-5 days and tested for evidence of WNV. Viral RNA and antigen were detected, and the virus reached a mean peak titer of 4.9 × 104pfu/mL at 5 days PI. Mice were inoculated intraperitoneally with WNV, and their eyes were harvested at 2, 5, and 8 days PI and tested for evidence of WNV. Viral RNA was detected in corneas of four of nine systemically infected mice as early as 2 days PI. We conclude that human corneal cells support WNV replication in vitro and ex vivo, and WNV may disseminate into the corneas of experimentally infected mice. These findings indicate that corneal transmission cannot be ruled out as a novel mode of human-to-human WNV transmission and additional experiments should be conducted to assess this risk further.
Department of Veterinary Microbiology and Preventive Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa.
Bradley J
BJ
Blitvich
Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas.|Department of Pathology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas.|Sealy Center for Vaccine Development, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas.
Tian
T
Wang
Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas.
Vandana
V
Saxena
Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa.|Stephen A. Wynn Institute for Vision Research, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa.
Shemin
S
Zeng
Department of Veterinary Diagnostic and Production Animal Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa.
Karen M
KM
Harmon
Department of Veterinary Diagnostic and Production Animal Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa.
Matthew D
MD
Raymond
Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa.|Iowa Lions Eye Bank, Coralville, Iowa.
Kenneth M
KM
Goins
Iowa Lions Eye Bank, Coralville, Iowa.
Cynthia R
CR
Reed
Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa.|Stephen A. Wynn Institute for Vision Research, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa.
Robert F
RF
Mullins
Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa. mark-greiner@uiowa.edu.|Stephen A. Wynn Institute for Vision Research, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa.|Iowa Lions Eye Bank, Coralville, Iowa.
Mark A
MA
Greiner
D000818:Animals; D002460:Cell Line; D003315:Cornea / Q000166:cytology / Q000821:virology*; D006801:Humans; D051379:Mice; D008810:Mice, Inbred C57BL; D012367:RNA, Viral / Q000302:isolation & purification; D014901:West Nile Fever / Q000175:diagnosis*; D014902:West Nile virus / Q000254:growth & development*
D012367:RNA, Viral
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