Efficacy of Pre- and Post-Treatment by Topical Formulations Containing Dissolved and Suspended Silybum marianum against UVB-Induced Oxidative Stress in Guinea Pig and on HaCaT Keratinocytes.
Plants with high amounts of antioxidants may be a promising therapy for preventing and curing UV-induced oxidative skin damage. The objective of this study was to verify the efficacy of topical formulations containing dissolved and suspended Silybum marianum extract against UVB-induced oxidative stress in guinea pig and HaCaT keratinocytes. Herbal extract was dissolved in Transcutol HP (TC) and sucrose-esters were incorporated as penetration enhancers in creams. Biocompatibility of compositions was tested on HeLa cells and HaCaT keratinocytes as in vitro models. Transepidermal water loss (TEWL) tests were performed to prove the safety of formulations in vivo. Drug release of different compositions was assessed by Franz diffusion methods. Superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), glutathione peroxidase (GPx) and lipid peroxidation (MDA) activities were evaluated before and after UVB irradiation in a guinea pig model and HaCaT cells. Heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) enzyme activity was measured in the epidermis of guinea pigs treated by different creams before and after UVB irradiation. Treatment with compositions containing silymarin powder (SM) dissolved in TC and sucrose stearate SP 50 or SP 70 resulted in increased activities of all reactive oxygen species (ROS) eliminating enzymes in the case of pre- and post-treatment as well. Reduction in the levels of lipid peroxidation end products was also detected after treatment with these two compositions. Post-treatment was more effective as the increase of the activity of antioxidants was higher. Lower HO-1 enzyme levels were measured in the case of pre- and post-treatment groups compared to control groups. Therefore, this study demonstrates the effectiveness of topical formulations containing silymarin in inhibiting UVB irradiation induced oxidative stress of the skin.
Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Debrecen, Nagyerdei körút 98, 4032 Debrecen, Hungary. feher.palma@pharm.unideb.hu.
Pálma
P
Fehér
Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Debrecen, Nagyerdei körút 98, 4032 Debrecen, Hungary. ujhelyi.zoltan@pharm.unideb.hu.
Zoltán
Z
Ujhelyi
Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Debrecen, Nagyerdei körút 98, 4032 Debrecen, Hungary. varadi.judit@pharm.unideb.hu.
Judit
J
Váradi
Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Debrecen, Nagyerdei körút 98, 4032 Debrecen, Hungary. fenyvesi.ferenc@pharm.unideb.hu.
Ferenc
F
Fenyvesi
Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Debrecen, Nagyerdei körút 98, 4032 Debrecen, Hungary. roka.eszter@pharm.unideb.hu.
Eszter
E
Róka
Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Nagyerdei körút 98, 4032 Debrecen, Hungary. juhasz.bela@pharm.unideb.hu.
Béla
B
Juhász
Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Nagyerdei körút 98, 4032 Debrecen, Hungary. varga.balazs@pharm.unideb.hu.
Balázs
B
Varga
Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Nagyerdei körút 98, 4032 Debrecen, Hungary. bombicz.mariann@pharm.unideb.hu.
Mariann
M
Bombicz
Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Nagyerdei körút 98, 4032 Debrecen, Hungary. priksz.daniel@pharm.unideb.hu.
Dániel
D
Priksz
Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Debrecen, Nagyerdei körút 98, 4032 Debrecen, Hungary. bacskay.ildiko@pharm.unideb.hu.
Ildikó
I
Bácskay
Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Debrecen, Nagyerdei körút 98, 4032 Debrecen, Hungary. vecsernyes.miklos@pharm.unideb.hu.
Miklós
M
Vecsernyés
D000818:Animals; D000975:Antioxidants / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology; D002470:Cell Survival / Q000187:drug effects; D004339:Drug Compounding; D004789:Enzyme Activation / Q000187:drug effects; D005978:Glutathione / Q000378:metabolism; D005979:Glutathione Peroxidase / Q000378:metabolism; D006168:Guinea Pigs; D051547:Heme Oxygenase-1 / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D015603:Keratinocytes / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism*; D015227:Lipid Peroxidation / Q000187:drug effects; D018384:Oxidative Stress / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000528:radiation effects*; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species / Q000378:metabolism; D012838:Silymarin / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000494:pharmacology*; D012995:Solubility; D013482:Superoxide Dismutase / Q000378:metabolism; D014466:Ultraviolet Rays
D000975:Antioxidants; D010936:Plant Extracts; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species; D012838:Silymarin; D005979:Glutathione Peroxidase; D051547:Heme Oxygenase-1; D013482:Superoxide Dismutase; D005978:Glutathione
HO-1 enzyme; UVB-induced oxidative stress; antioxidants; silymarin; sucrose esters; topical formulations; transcutol
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