Dose and Duration of Opioid Use in Patients with Cancer and Noncancer Pain at an Outpatient Hospital Setting in Malaysia.
There are currently limited data available on the patterns of opioid prescribing in Malaysia. This study investigated the patterns of opioid prescribing and characterized the dosing and duration of opioid use in patients with noncancer and cancer pain.



This retrospective, cross-sectional study was conducted at an outpatient hospital setting in Malaysia. All prescriptions for opioids (dihydrocodeine, fentanyl, morphine, and oxycodone) issued between January 2013 and December 2014 were examined. The number of prescriptions and patients, the distribution of mean daily dose, annual total days covered with opioids, and annual total opioid dose at the individual level were calculated and stratified by noncancer and cancer groups.



A total of 1015 opioid prescriptions were prescribed for 347 patients from 2013 to 2014. Approximately 41.5% of patients (N = 144/347) and 58.5% (N = 203/347) were associated with noncancer and cancer diagnosis, respectively. Oxycodone (38.0%) was the highest prescribed primarily for the noncancer group. The majority of patients in both noncancer (74.3%) and cancer (60.4%) groups were receiving mean daily doses of < 50 mg morphine equivalents. The chronic use of opioids (> 90 days per year) was associated with 21.8% of patients in the noncancer group and 17.5% in the cancer group.



The finding from this study showed that 41.5% of opioid users at an outpatient hospital setting in Malaysia received opioids for noncancer pain and 21.8% of these users were using opioids for longer than 90 days. The average daily dose in the majority of patients in both groups of noncancer and cancer was modest.
Kulliyyah of Pharmacy, International Islamic University Malaysia, Kuantan, Malaysia.
Che S
CS
Zin
Kulliyyah of Pharmacy, International Islamic University Malaysia, Kuantan, Malaysia.
Norny A
NA
Rahman
Kulliyyah of Pharmacy, International Islamic University Malaysia, Kuantan, Malaysia.
Che R
CR
Ismail
Jabatan Farmasi, Hospital Tengku Ampuan Afzan (HTAA), Kuantan, Malaysia.
Leong W
LW
Choy
D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000701:Analgesics, Opioid / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D000072716:Cancer Pain / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000453:epidemiology*; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D004334:Drug Administration Schedule; D005260:Female; D005283:Fentanyl / Q000008:administration & dosage; D006801:Humans; D008296:Malaysia / Q000453:epidemiology; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009020:Morphine / Q000008:administration & dosage; D009369:Neoplasms / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000453:epidemiology; D010044:Outpatient Clinics, Hospital / Q000639:trends*; D010098:Oxycodone / Q000008:administration & dosage; D010146:Pain / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000453:epidemiology; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D055815:Young Adult
D000701:Analgesics, Opioid; D009020:Morphine; D010098:Oxycodone; D005283:Fentanyl
chronic noncancer pain; dose; duration; opioids; pattern of prescribing