An Evaluation of the Breathing Strategies and Maximum Phonation Time in Musical Theater Performers During Controlled Performance Tasks.
OBJECTIVE
Breathing strategies for athletic dancing are quite different from those needed for legato singing. This study considers the respiration data recorded by a telemetric heart rate monitor, mask, and gas analyzer collected from 20 musical theater professionals performing set tasks.


METHODS
Scores were taken of maximum phonation time (MPT), relative oxygen uptake, and heart rate immediately after three tasks: (1) singing only, (2) dancing only, and (3) singing while dancing. Scores were also collected of the ability to sustain unbroken notes immediately before performing and then immediately after each of the above tasks (1), (2), and (3). Vital capacity scores were recorded at the beginning and at the end of the testing schedule. A questionnaire took demographic information and asked questions regarding performer perception, training, and experience. Most were aware of breathing inconsistencies and adjustments related to changes of task and/or direction.


RESULTS
(Means) Tidal volume was constant for (1) singing and (2) dancing; MPT reduced by 65.2% for singing while dancing; and minute volumes reduced by 16% but relative oxygen uptake (mL/kg/min) remained unchanged, despite increased heart rates, and when singing while dancing compared with dancing only. The mean MPT dropped from 20.4 seconds to 7.1 seconds (change of 65.2%) between the at rest and postsinging while dancing scores.


CONCLUSIONS
The likelihood of developing vocal dysfunction (overtime) and the risk of compromising performance aesthetic lead the researchers to the conclusion that further study is required in this area.
University College London, 74 Huntley Street, London WC1E, UK.
Tommi
T
Sliiden
Trinity Laban Conservatoire of Music and Dance, London.
Sara
S
Beck
University College London, 74 Huntley Street, London WC1E, UK. Electronic address: ian.macdonald11@icloud.com.
Ian
I
MacDonald
D000222:Adaptation, Physiological; D000328:Adult; D001944:Breath Tests; D003615:Dancing; D005260:Female; D006339:Heart Rate; D006801:Humans; D008168:Lung / Q000502:physiology*; D008297:Male; D009146:Music; D010101:Oxygen Consumption; D010699:Phonation; D005082:Physical Exertion; D012119:Respiration; D063346:Singing; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D013647:Task Performance and Analysis; D013686:Telemetry; D013990:Tidal Volume; D013997:Time Factors; D014797:Vital Capacity; D014827:Vocal Cords / Q000502:physiology*; D055815:Young Adult
heart rate; maximum phonation time; musical theater performers; relative oxygen uptake; respiration