Estrogenic compound profiles in an urbanized industry-impacted coastal bay and potential risk assessment by pollution indices and multivariative statistical methods.
The occurrence and distribution of target estrogenic compounds in a highly urbanized industry-impacted coastal bay were investigated, and contamination profiles were evaluated by estimating total estradiol equivalents (∑EEQs) and risk quotients (RQs). Phenolic compounds were the most abundant xenoestrogens, but seldom showed contribution to the ∑EEQs. The diethylstilbestrol (DES) and 17α-ethinylestradiol (EE2) were the major contributors followed by 17β-estradiol (E2) in comparison with a slight contribution from estrone (E1) and estriol (E3). Both ∑EEQs and RQs indicated likely adverse effects posed on resident organisms. Further, multivariate statistical method comprehensively revealed pollution status by visualized factor scores and identified multiple "hotspots" of estrogenic sources, demonstrating the presence of complex pollution risk gradients inside and particularly outside of bay area. Overall, this study favors the integrative utilization of pollution indices and factor analysis as powerful tool to scientifically diagnose the pollution characterization of human-derived chemicals for better management decisions in aquatic environments.
Key Laboratory of Urban Environment and Health, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 1799 Jimei Boulevard, Xiamen 361021, China; State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, China. Electronic address: zswang@iue.ac.cn.
Zaosheng
Z
Wang
Key Laboratory of Urban Environment and Health, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 1799 Jimei Boulevard, Xiamen 361021, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China.
Rui
R
Li
State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, China.
Fengchang
F
Wu
State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, China.
Chenglian
C
Feng
State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, China.
Chun
C
Ye
Key Laboratory of Urban Environment and Health, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 1799 Jimei Boulevard, Xiamen 361021, China. Electronic address: czyan@iue.ac.cn.
Changzhou
C
Yan
D061006:Bays / Q000737:chemistry*; D002681:China; D004784:Environmental Monitoring / Q000379:methods* / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D045166:Estradiol Congeners / Q000032:analysis; D004967:Estrogens / Q000032:analysis*; D004968:Estrogens, Non-Steroidal / Q000032:analysis; D015999:Multivariate Analysis; D010636:Phenols / Q000032:analysis; D018570:Risk Assessment; D014507:Urbanization; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical / Q000032:analysis*
D045166:Estradiol Congeners; D004967:Estrogens; D004968:Estrogens, Non-Steroidal; D010636:Phenols; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical
Estrogenic activity; Estrogens; PCA-factor analysis; Pollution indices; Pollution risk gradients; Risk quotient