Development of long-term antimicrobial poly(methyl methacrylate) by incorporating mesoporous silica nanocarriers.
Poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) used as removable denture bases or orthodontic appliances has relatively poor antimicrobial properties, which accelerate oral infection and induce unfavorable odors. Mesoporous silica nanoparticles (MSNs) have been highlighted as a potential additive to overcome this issue because of their drug-loading capacity. Here, we present the long-term antimicrobial effect of MSN-incorporated PMMA with drug-loading capacity.



After the MSNs were characterized, MSN incorporation into chemically activated PMMA (0.5, 1, 2.5 or 5wt%) relative to the methyl methacrylate powder by mass was fabricated into a rectangular specimen (1.4×3.0×19.0mm) for a 3-point flexural test at a speed of 1mm/min or a disk (∅=11.5mm and d=1.5mm) for investigation of its antimicrobial effects.



A typical spherical morphology with a well-ordered mesoporous structure of the MSNs was visualized and is beneficial for loading drugs and combining in matrixes. Among the tested levels of MSN incorporation in PMMA (0.5, 1, 2.5 or 5wt%), only 5wt% decreased the flexural strength (p<0.05), whereas the flexural modulus was not significantly decreased (p>0.05). The surface roughness and surface energy were increased with 2.5wt% or 5wt% incorporation. An anti-adherent effect against Candida albicans and Streptococcus oralis after 1h of attachment was only observed with 2.5 and 5wt% incorporation compared to a lack of MSNs (p<0.05). A long-term antimicrobial effect was observed for 2 weeks with 2.5wt% MSN-incorporated PMMA when amphotericin B was loaded into the MSNs on the PMMA surface.



The long-term antimicrobial performance after loading amphotericin B into the MSN-incorporated PMMA suggests the potential clinical usefulness of MSN-incorporated PMMA resin.
Institute of Tissue Regeneration Engineering (ITREN), Dankook University, Cheonan 330-714, South Korea.
Jung-Hwan
JH
Lee
Institute of Tissue Regeneration Engineering (ITREN), Dankook University, Cheonan 330-714, South Korea; Department of Nanobiomedical Science & BK21 PLUS NBM Global Research Center for Regenerative Medicine Research Center, Dankook University, Cheonan 330-714, South Korea.
Ahmed
A
El-Fiqi
Department of Biomaterials Science, School of Dentistry, Dankook University, Cheonan 330-714, South Korea.
Jeong-Ki
JK
Jo
Department of Biomaterials Science, School of Dentistry, Dankook University, Cheonan 330-714, South Korea.
Dong-Ae
DA
Kim
Department of Biomaterials Science, School of Dentistry, Dankook University, Cheonan 330-714, South Korea.
Si-Chul
SC
Kim
Institute of Tissue Regeneration Engineering (ITREN), Dankook University, Cheonan 330-714, South Korea; Department of Biomaterials Science, School of Dentistry, Dankook University, Cheonan 330-714, South Korea.
Soo-Kyung
SK
Jun
Institute of Tissue Regeneration Engineering (ITREN), Dankook University, Cheonan 330-714, South Korea; Department of Nanobiomedical Science & BK21 PLUS NBM Global Research Center for Regenerative Medicine Research Center, Dankook University, Cheonan 330-714, South Korea; Department of Biomaterials Science, School of Dentistry, Dankook University, Cheonan 330-714, South Korea.
Hae-Won
HW
Kim
Institute of Tissue Regeneration Engineering (ITREN), Dankook University, Cheonan 330-714, South Korea; Department of Biomaterials Science, School of Dentistry, Dankook University, Cheonan 330-714, South Korea. Electronic address: haelee@dku.edu.
Hae-Hyoung
HH
Lee
D000890:Anti-Infective Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D003819:Denture Bases; D004337:Drug Carriers; D008422:Materials Testing; D049329:Nanostructures; D019904:Polymethyl Methacrylate / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D012822:Silicon Dioxide
D000890:Anti-Infective Agents; D004337:Drug Carriers; D012822:Silicon Dioxide; D019904:Polymethyl Methacrylate
3-Point flexural test; Amphotericin B; Denture resin base; Long-term antimicrobial PMMA; Mesoporous silica nanoparticle; Orthodontic appliances