Novel method of vulnerability assessment of simple landfills area using the multimedia, multipathway and multireceptor risk assessment (3MRA) model, China.
Vulnerability assessment of simple landfills was conducted using the multimedia, multipathway and multireceptor risk assessment (3MRA) model for the first time in China. The minimum safe threshold of six contaminants (benzene, arsenic (As), cadmium (Cd), hexavalent chromium [Cr(VI)], divalent mercury [Hg(II)] and divalent nickel [Ni(II)]) in landfill and waste pile models were calculated by the 3MRA model. Furthermore, the vulnerability indexes of the six contaminants were predicted based on the model calculation. The results showed that the order of health risk vulnerability index was As > Hg(II) > Cr(VI) > benzene > Cd > Ni(II) in the landfill model, whereas the ecology risk vulnerability index was in the order of As > Hg(II) > Cr(VI) > Cd > benzene > Ni(II). In the waste pile model, the order of health risk vulnerability index was benzene > Hg(II) > Cr(VI) > As > Cd and Ni(II), whereas the ecology risk vulnerability index was in the order of Hg(II) > Cd > Cr(VI) > As > benzene > Ni(II). These results indicated that As, Hg(II) and Cr(VI) were the high risk contaminants for the case of a simple landfill in China; the concentration of these in soil and groundwater around the simple landfill should be strictly monitored, and proper mediation is also recommended for simple landfills with a high concentration of contaminants.
College of Water Sciences, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing, China Laboratory of Water Environmental System Engineering, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing, China.
Ying
Y
Yuan
State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing, China Laboratory of Water Environmental System Engineering, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing, China hexs82@126.com.
Xiao-Song
XS
He
State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing, China Laboratory of Water Environmental System Engineering, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing, China.
Bei-Dou
BD
Xi
Life Science College, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China.
Zi-Min
ZM
Wei
State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing, China Laboratory of Water Environmental System Engineering, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing, China.
Wen-Bing
WB
Tan
State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing, China Laboratory of Water Environmental System Engineering, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing, China.
Ru-Tai
RT
Gao
D001151:Arsenic / Q000032:analysis; D002681:China; D004781:Environmental Exposure / Q000032:analysis; D060587:Groundwater; D006801:Humans; D019216:Metals, Heavy / Q000032:analysis; D008962:Models, Theoretical; D019212:Multimedia; D018570:Risk Assessment / Q000379:methods*; D012989:Soil Pollutants / Q000032:analysis; D064091:Waste Disposal Facilities; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical / Q000032:analysis
D019216:Metals, Heavy; D012989:Soil Pollutants; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical; D001151:Arsenic
Risk vulnerability assessment; contaminant; heavy metal; landfill; multimedia; multipathway and multireceptor risk assessment (3MRA)