Life cycle assessment of carbon capture and utilization from ammonia process in Mexico.
Post-combustion CO2capture (PCC) of flue gas from an ammonia plant (AP) and the environmental performance of the carbon capture utilization (CCU) technology for greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions to an enhanced oil recovery (EOR) system in Mexico was performed as case study. The process simulations (PS) and life cycle assessment (LCA) were used as supporting tools to quantify the CO2capture and their environmental impacts, respectively. Two scenarios were considered: 1) the AP with its shift and CO2removal unit and 2) Scenario 1 plus PCC of the flue gas from the AP primary reformer (AP-2CO2) and the global warming (GW) impact. Also, the GW of the whole of a CO2-EOR project, from these two streams of captured CO2, was evaluated. Results show that 372,426 tCO2/year can be PCC from the flue gas of the primary reformer and 480,000 tons/y of capacity from the AP. The energy requirement for solvent regeneration is estimated to be 2.8 MJ/kgCO2or a GW impact of 0.22 kgCO2e/kgCO2captured. GW performances are 297.6 kgCO2eemitted/barrel (bbl) for scenario one, and 106.5 kgCO2eemitted/bbl for the second. The net emissions, in scenario one, were 0.52 tCO2e/bbl and 0.33 tCO2e/bbl in scenario two. Based on PS, this study could be used to evaluate the potential of CO2capture of 4080 t/d of 4 ammonia plants. The integration of PS-LCA to a PCC study allows the applicability as methodological framework for the development of a cluster of projects in which of CO2could be recycled back to fuel, chemical, petrochemical products or for enhanced oil recovery (EOR). With AP-2CO2,"CO2emission free" ammonia production could be achieved.
Coordinación de Sustentabilidad, Gerencia de Eficiencia Energética y Sustentabilidad, PEMEX. Jacarandas 100, Col. Rancho Alegre, CP. 96558, Coatzacoalcos, Veracruz, Mexico. Electronic address: miguelam133@gmail.com.
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Morales Mora
Facultad de Ingeniería Química, Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla, Ciudad Universitaria, Av. Sn. Claudio y 18 sur, Col. Jardines de San Manuel, 72570, Puebla, Pue, Mexico. Electronic address: pretelinvf@yahoo.com.mx.
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Vergara
Gerencia de Eficiencia Energética y Sustentabilidad, PEMEX, Av. Marina Nacional 329, Col. Petróleos Mexicanos, Del. Miguel Hidalgo, CP.11311, Ciudad de México, Mexico. Electronic address: mleiva2000@yahoo.com.mx.
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Leiva
Depto. Ciencias Básicas, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana-Azcapotzalco, Av. San Pablo 180, Azcapotzalco, CP 02200, D. F, Mexico. Electronic address: samd@correo.azc.uam.mx.
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Martínez Delgadillo
Facultad de Química-Farmacia, Universidad Central Marta Abreu de Las Villas, Cuba, Carretera Camajuaní km 5½, Santa Clara, Villa Clara, C.P. 54830, Cuba. Electronic address: erosa@uclv.edu.cu.
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Rosa-Domínguez
D000641:Ammonia; D002244:Carbon; D002245:Carbon Dioxide / Q000032:analysis*; D002617:Chemical Industry / Q000379:methods; D004777:Environment; D057232:Global Warming; D017752:Greenhouse Effect; D008800:Mexico; D012997:Solvents
D012997:Solvents; D002245:Carbon Dioxide; D002244:Carbon; D000641:Ammonia
Ammonia process; Carbon capture and utilization (CCU); Enhanced oil recovery; Global warming; Life cycle assessment; Process simulation