Oncolytic viruses against cancer stem cells: A promising approach for gastrointestinal cancer.
Gastrointestinal cancer has been one of the five most commonly diagnosed and leading causes of cancer mortality over the past few decades. Great progress in traditional therapies has been made, which prolonged survival in patients with early cancer, yet tumor relapse and drug resistance still occurred, which is explained by the cancer stem cell (CSC) theory. Oncolytic virotherapy has attracted increasing interest in cancer because of its ability to infect and lyse CSCs. This paper reviews the basic knowledge, CSC markers and therapeutics of gastrointestinal cancer (liver, gastric, colon and pancreatic cancer), as well as research advances and possible molecular mechanisms of various oncolytic viruses against gastrointestinal CSCs. This paper also summarizes the existing obstacles to oncolytic virotherapy and proposes several alternative suggestions to overcome the therapeutic limitations.
Fang Huang, Bin-Rong Wang, Ye-Qing Wu, Fan-Chao Wang, Jian Zhang, Yi-Gang Wang, Xinyuan Institute of Medicine and Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou 310018, Zhejiang Province, China.
Fang
F
Huang
Fang Huang, Bin-Rong Wang, Ye-Qing Wu, Fan-Chao Wang, Jian Zhang, Yi-Gang Wang, Xinyuan Institute of Medicine and Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou 310018, Zhejiang Province, China.
Bin-Rong
BR
Wang
Fang Huang, Bin-Rong Wang, Ye-Qing Wu, Fan-Chao Wang, Jian Zhang, Yi-Gang Wang, Xinyuan Institute of Medicine and Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou 310018, Zhejiang Province, China.
Ye-Qing
YQ
Wu
Fang Huang, Bin-Rong Wang, Ye-Qing Wu, Fan-Chao Wang, Jian Zhang, Yi-Gang Wang, Xinyuan Institute of Medicine and Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou 310018, Zhejiang Province, China.
Fan-Chao
FC
Wang
Fang Huang, Bin-Rong Wang, Ye-Qing Wu, Fan-Chao Wang, Jian Zhang, Yi-Gang Wang, Xinyuan Institute of Medicine and Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou 310018, Zhejiang Province, China.
Jian
J
Zhang
Fang Huang, Bin-Rong Wang, Ye-Qing Wu, Fan-Chao Wang, Jian Zhang, Yi-Gang Wang, Xinyuan Institute of Medicine and Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou 310018, Zhejiang Province, China.
Yi-Gang
YG
Wang
D000256:Adenoviridae; D000524:Alphavirus; D000818:Animals; D005770:Gastrointestinal Neoplasms / Q000628:therapy* / Q000821:virology; D006801:Humans; D008459:Measles virus; D009364:Neoplasm Recurrence, Local; D014411:Neoplastic Stem Cells / Q000821:virology*; D009522:Newcastle disease virus; D050130:Oncolytic Virotherapy / Q000379:methods*; D050504:Oncolytic Viruses; D010190:Pancreatic Neoplasms / Q000628:therapy* / Q000821:virology; D012087:Reoviridae; D018139:Simplexvirus; D014616:Vaccinia virus; D018116:Vesiculovirus
Cancer stem cells; Gastrointestinal cancer; Molecular mechanism; Oncolytic virotherapy
Nutrients. 2016 Mar 10;8(3):156
26978396
Lancet. 2010 Mar 20;375(9719):1030-47
20304247
Vaccine. 2013 Sep 6;31(39):4252-8
23726825
Oncotarget. 2015 Aug 21;6(24):19976-89
26280277
PLoS One. 2013;8(1):e54952
23372800
World J Gastroenterol. 2015 Nov 14;21(42):12190-6
26576103
Gut. 2010 Dec;59(12):1687-93
20876776
Hum Gene Ther. 2010 Apr;21(4):451-62
19911974
Front Microbiol. 2014 Jun 20;5:303
24999342
J Cell Mol Med. 2015 May;19(5):915-23
25683371
Neurosci Res. 2005 May;52(1):75-82
15811555
Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2006 Mar 21;103(12):4640-5
16537421
Adv Exp Med Biol. 2011;720:105-18
21901622
FASEB J. 2007 Dec;21(14):3777-85
17625071
Clin Cancer Res. 2006 Nov 15;12(22):6737-47
17121894
Mol Cancer Ther. 2002 Oct;1(12 ):989-97
12481421
Oncotarget. 2015 May 30;6(15):13564-78
25980438
Int J Med Sci. 2016 Apr 08;13(4):298-303
27076787
PLoS One. 2009;4(1):e4235
19156211
Curr Opin Investig Drugs. 2009 Dec;10(12):1372-82
19943208
Oncolytic Virother. 2014 Feb;2014(3):21-33
24834430
Nat Rev Clin Oncol. 2013 Mar;10(3):130-42
23381005
Oncol Res Treat. 2015;38(12):683-90
26633875
World J Gastroenterol. 2014 May 14;20(18):5420-6
24833872
Mol Cancer Res. 2008 Apr;6(4):568-75
18344493
Sci Transl Med. 2013 May 15;5(185):185ra63
23677592
Cell Death Dis. 2013 Jul 18;4:e728
23868061
Virology. 2015 Nov;485:340-54
26331681
Panminerva Med. 2014;56(4):289-300
25703444
Curr Pharm Biotechnol. 2012 Jul;13(9):1761-7
21740358
Pediatr Res. 2012 Apr;71(4 Pt 2):500-10
22430386
Mol Cancer Ther. 2010 Nov;9(11):2924-33
20978162
Cell. 2005 Jul 29;122(2):289-301
16051152
Clin Cancer Res. 2013 Nov 1;19(21):5952-9
24056786
Int J Mol Med. 2013 Feb;31(2):299-306
23232984
Mol Ther. 2003 Sep;8(3):434-40
12946316
Future Microbiol. 2012 Mar;7(3):347-67
22393889
J Control Release. 2015 May 10;205:134-43
25575865
Jpn J Clin Oncol. 2010 Apr;40(4):281-5
20085904
World J Gastroenterol. 2015 Jan 7;21(1):112-23
25574084
J Virol. 2001 Apr;75(7):3474-9
11238874
Curr Pharmacol Rep. 2015 Aug 1;1(4):217-222
26366338
BMC Cancer. 2014 Sep 15;14:668
25220382
World J Gastroenterol. 2016 Feb 28;22(8):2424-33
26937131
Clin Cancer Res. 2013 Dec 1;19(23 ):6495-505
24081978
Curr Health Sci J. 2014 Jul-Sep;40(3):153-61
25729599
Mol Ther. 2014 Nov;22(11):1949-59
25156126
Nat Rev Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2016 Jan;13(1):2
26648131
Virology. 2003 Nov 25;316(2):337-47
14644615
Mol Ther. 2010 Feb;18(2):377-85
19904233
Cell Cycle. 2009 Oct 15;8(20):3328-39
19770587
Br J Cancer. 2014 Jan 7;110(1):94-106
24196790
J Clin Oncol. 2015 Sep 1;33(25):2780-8
26014293
Tumour Biol. 2014 Feb;35(2):1113-22
24037896
Tumour Biol. 2015 Mar;36(3):1339-53
25680406
Cell Res. 2003 Dec;13(6):481-9
14728805
PLoS Med. 2007 Dec;4(12):e353
18162040
Mol Ther. 2009 Jun;17(6):972-9
19293772
Oncotarget. 2015 Jun 20;6(17):15524-39
25906749
Genes Dev. 2008 Feb 15;22(4):436-48
18281460
World J Gastroenterol. 2016 Jan 7;22(1):326-37
26755879
Int J Cancer. 2015 Mar 1;136(5):1065-72
25042001
Ann Surg Oncol. 2008 Aug;15(8):2329-35
18454298
Ann Oncol. 2016 May;27(5):763-9
26861606
Hum Gene Ther. 2008 Jun;19(6):635-47
18533893
Stem Cells. 2012 Mar;30(3):363-71
22232074
Clin Cancer Res. 2016 Mar 1;22(5):1048-54
26719429
Crit Rev Oncol Hematol. 2015 Sep;95(3):407-16
25900073
Cancer Res. 2012 May 1;72(9):2327-38
22396493
Future Oncol. 2010 May;6(5):851-62
20465395
Int J Oncol. 2010 Apr;36(4):1023-30
20198349
Nature. 2011 Aug 31;477(7362):99-102
21886163
Acta Pharmacol Sin. 2013 Apr;34(4):531-40
23503473
Oncotarget. 2016 Mar 1;7(9):10332-44
26871284
Cancer Gene Ther. 2013 Sep;20(9):507-13
23907517
Nat Med. 2000 Jul;6(7):821-5
10888934
Clin Cancer Res. 2015 Jan 15;21(2):405-16
25416195
Mol Ther. 2012 Apr;20(4):759-68
22233582
Mol Ther. 2009 Feb;17(2):389-94
19018254
World J Gastroenterol. 2003 Mar;9(3):495-8
12632504
CA Cancer J Clin. 2014 Jan-Feb;64(1):9-29
24399786
Oncotarget. 2016 May 17;7(20):29346-58
27121064
World J Gastroenterol. 2015 Jun 21;21(23 ):7208-17
26109807
World J Stem Cells. 2015 Apr 26;7(3):547-55
25914762
N Engl J Med. 2004 Jun 3;350(23):2375-82
15175439
Drugs Today (Barc). 2015 Sep;51(9):549-58
26488034
Clin Cancer Res. 1996 Jan;2(1):21-8
9816085
Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2004 Jul 27;101(30):11099-104
15263068
Hepatology. 2009 May;49(5):1421-3
19402061
Clin Cancer Res. 2014 Dec 1;20(23):5946-55
25294913
CA Cancer J Clin. 2016 Jan-Feb;66(1):7-30
26742998
Cancer Gene Ther. 2011 Aug;18(8):598-608
21701532
Mol Ther. 2016 Jun;24(6):1150-8
27039845
Gene Ther. 2016 May;23 (5):450-9
26871935
Front Oncol. 2014 Sep 11;4:224
25309868
Oncotarget. 2016 Mar 29;7(13):16479-89
26918725
Cancer Lett. 2015 Feb 28;357(2):429-37
25499079
Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2014 Oct 21;111(42):E4504-12
25288727
Cancer Res. 2013 Jan 15;73(2):865-74
23293278
Int J Oncol. 2010 Dec;37(6):1433-8
21042711
Hum Cell. 2014 Oct;27(4):162-71
24771354
Mol Ther. 2009 Oct;17(10):1677-82
19672244
Oncotarget. 2015 Dec 29;6(42):44892-904
26539644
Cancer Res. 2005 Apr 1;65(7):2832-9
15805284