Human papillomavirus and gastrointestinal cancer: A review.
Human papillomavirus (HPV) is one of the most common sexually transmitted infections worldwide. Exposure to HPV is very common, and an estimated 65%-100% of sexually active adults are exposed to HPV in their lifetime. The majority of HPV infections are asymptomatic, but there is a 10% chance that individuals will develop a persistent infection and have an increased risk of developing a carcinoma. The International Agency for Research on Cancer has found that the following cancer sites have a strong causal relationship with HPV: cervix uteri, penis, vulva, vagina, anus and oropharynx, including the base of the tongue and the tonsils. However, studies of the aetiological role of HPV in colorectal and esophageal malignancies have conflicting results. The aim of this review was to organize recent evidence and issues about the association between HPV infection and gastrointestinal tumours with a focus on esophageal, colorectal and anal cancers. The ultimate goal was to highlight possible implications for prognosis and prevention.
Dania Bucchi, Department of Experimental Medicine, School of Specialization in Hygiene and Preventive Medicine, University of Perugia, 06126 Perugia, Umbria, Italy.
Dania
D
Bucchi
Dania Bucchi, Department of Experimental Medicine, School of Specialization in Hygiene and Preventive Medicine, University of Perugia, 06126 Perugia, Umbria, Italy.
Fabrizio
F
Stracci
Dania Bucchi, Department of Experimental Medicine, School of Specialization in Hygiene and Preventive Medicine, University of Perugia, 06126 Perugia, Umbria, Italy.
Nicola
N
Buonora
Dania Bucchi, Department of Experimental Medicine, School of Specialization in Hygiene and Preventive Medicine, University of Perugia, 06126 Perugia, Umbria, Italy.
Giuseppe
G
Masanotti
D001005:Anus Neoplasms / Q000821:virology*; D063646:Carcinogenesis; D015179:Colorectal Neoplasms / Q000821:virology*; D018450:Disease Progression; D004938:Esophageal Neoplasms / Q000821:virology*; D006801:Humans; D007165:Immunosuppression Therapy; D027383:Papillomaviridae; D030361:Papillomavirus Infections / Q000821:virology*; D053918:Papillomavirus Vaccines / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D011379:Prognosis; D012306:Risk; D014611:Vaccination
D053918:Papillomavirus Vaccines
Anal cancer; Colorectal cancer; Esophageal cancer; Human papillomavirus; Oncogenesis; Prevention; Prognosis
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