Intake of different types of dairy and its prospective association with risk of type 2 diabetes: The Rotterdam Study.
The prevalence of type 2 diabetes (T2DM) is increasing. Several studies have suggested a beneficial effect of several major dairy nutrients on insulin production and sensitivity. Conversely, harmful effects have been suggested as well. This study aimed to investigate the impact of the full-range of dairy products and its association with incidence T2DM in Dutch adults aged ≥55 years participating in the Rotterdam Study.



Dairy intake was assessed with a validated FFQ, including total, skimmed, semi-skimmed, full-fat, fermented, and non-fermented dairy, and subclasses of these product groups. Verified prevalent and incident diabetes were documented. Cox proportional hazards regression and spline regression were used to analyse data, adjusting for age, sex, alcohol, smoking, education, physical activity, body mass index, intake of total energy, energy-adjusted meat, and energy-adjusted fish intake. Median total dairy intake was 398 g/day (IQR 259-559 g/day). Through 9.5 ± 4.1 years of follow-up, 393 cases of incident T2DM were reported. Cox and spline regression did not point towards associations of total dairy consumption, dairy consumption based on fat content, non-fermented or fermented dairy consumption, or individual dairy product consumption with incident T2DM. The HR for total dairy intake and T2DM was 0.93 (95% CI: 0.70-1.23) in the upper quartile (P-for trend 0.76).



This prospective cohort study did not point towards an association between dairy consumption and T2DM.
Division of Human Nutrition, Wageningen University, Wageningen, The Netherlands. Electronic address: elske.brouwer-brolsma@wur.nl.
E M
EM
Brouwer-Brolsma
Division of Human Nutrition, Wageningen University, Wageningen, The Netherlands.
G J
GJ
van Woudenbergh
FrieslandCampina, Amersfoort, The Netherlands.
S J W H
SJ
Oude Elferink
FrieslandCampina, Amersfoort, The Netherlands.
C M
CM
Singh-Povel
Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands; Netherlands Consortium for Healthy Ageing, Netherlands Genomics Initiative, The Hague, The Netherlands.
A
A
Hofman
Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands; Netherlands Consortium for Healthy Ageing, Netherlands Genomics Initiative, The Hague, The Netherlands.
A
A
Dehghan
Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands; Netherlands Consortium for Healthy Ageing, Netherlands Genomics Initiative, The Hague, The Netherlands.
O H
OH
Franco
Division of Human Nutrition, Wageningen University, Wageningen, The Netherlands.
E J M
EJ
Feskens
D000368:Aged; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000097:blood; D002097:C-Reactive Protein / Q000378:metabolism; D016009:Chi-Square Distribution; D008076:Cholesterol, HDL / Q000097:blood; D003611:Dairy Products / Q000009:adverse effects; D003924:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / Q000097:blood / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology*; D015930:Diet Records; D004041:Dietary Fats / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000097:blood; D005247:Feeding Behavior; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D006973:Hypertension / Q000097:blood / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology; D015994:Incidence; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009426:Netherlands / Q000453:epidemiology; D016016:Proportional Hazards Models; D011446:Prospective Studies; D018570:Risk Assessment; D012307:Risk Factors; D013997:Time Factors
D015415:Biomarkers; D008076:Cholesterol, HDL; D004041:Dietary Fats; D002097:C-Reactive Protein
Cheese; Dairy; Milk; Prospective study; Type 2 diabetes; Yogurt