Methods of Fat Tissue Processing for Human Vocal Fold Injection: A Systematic Review.
OBJECTIVE
We analyzed different methods used to process autologous fat tissues for vocal fold injection (VFI). VFI is a safe procedure that preserves the folds' original elasticity and vibration properties and rarely triggers foreign-body reactions, but is often a temporary treatment due to fat reabsorption. To avoid it, selecting a technique that provides as many viable implantable adipocytes as possible is mandatory.


METHODS
This is a systematic review.


METHODS
Data were collected from PubMed, Embase, Ovid, and Cochrane Library. Authors systematically reviewed databases for papers on autologous fat tissue processing methods involving human injections in vocal folds and vocalization outcomes that evolved the acoustic analysis of the voice before and after the surgical procedure, independently of the follow-up time.


RESULTS
Nine out of the 517 articles met selection criteria for analysis. No standardized technique was found.


CONCLUSIONS
There is no standardized technique for processing fat tissue for vocal fold injection. Further research is needed to point out the best available technique.
Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, SP, Brazil. Electronic address: giselledmt@gmail.com.
Giselle M
GM
Truzzi
Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, SP, Brazil.
Henrique F
HF
Pauna
Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, SP, Brazil.
Patricia
P
Bette
Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, SP, Brazil.
Reinaldo J
RJ
Gusmão
Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, SP, Brazil.
Agrício N
AN
Crespo
Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, SP, Brazil.
Graziela O
GO
Semenzati
D000162:Acoustics; D000273:Adipose Tissue / Q000637:transplantation*; D004548:Elasticity; D006801:Humans; D007267:Injections; D058753:Laryngoplasty / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000379:methods*; D015187:Lipectomy / Q000009:adverse effects; D020127:Recovery of Function; D013061:Speech Acoustics; D013997:Time Factors; D020858:Tissue and Organ Harvesting / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000379:methods*; D014182:Transplantation, Autologous; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D014732:Vibration; D014827:Vocal Cords / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000601:surgery*; D014832:Voice Disorders / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000601:surgery*; D014833:Voice Quality
Autologous fat tissue; Injection laryngoplasty; Processing methods; Vocal fold; Voice