In vitro study of anti-coccidial activity of essential oils from indigenous plants against Eimeria tenella.
This study was designed to evaluate the in vitro anticoccidial properties against Eimeria tenella of different essential oils and their major active components. Efficacy of ten essential oils from different Thai indigenous plants were preliminarily screened and only those with potential were further tested for effective concentrations and identifying their active compounds. Oocysticidal property was evaluated in term of sporulation inhibition of oocysts and the percentage of unsporulated, sporulated and degenerated oocysts, after treatment with 125μg/ml of the selected essential oil, the sample was enumerated by haemocytometer, while coccidiocidal activity was assessed by the inhibition of sporozoite invasion in MDBK cell lines. Results showed that only Boesenbergia pandurata and Ocimum basilicum essential oils had strong sporulation inhibition activity by providing a higher ratio of degenerated oocysts and their IC50were 0.134 and 0.101mg/ml, respectively. GC-MS analysis of B. pandurata essential oil found trans-b-ocimene, camphor, 1,8-cineole, geraniol, camphene, methyl cinnamate, l-limonene and linalool as the major components, while methyl chavicol, α-bergamotene, 1,8-cineole and trans-β-ocimene were the main compounds of O. basilicum essential oil. Methyl cinnamate and camphor were the active components of B. pandurata oil, whereas methyl chavicol was the active component of O. basilicum oil by exhibiting the oocysticidal effect against E. tenella with IC50values of 0.008, 0.023 and 0.054mg/ml, respectively. Furthermore, B. pandurata and O. basilicum oils also showed a strong cytotoxic property against coccidia with more than 70% inhibition of sporozoite invasion in MDBK cell lines, and their IC50were 0.004 and 0.004mg/ml, respectively. Methyl cinnamate as well as camphor from B. pandurata and methyl chavicol from O. basilicum were also effective with IC50values of 0.029, 0.023, and 0.022mg/ml, respectively.
Center for Agricultural Biotechnology, Kasetsart University, Kamphaeng Saen Campus, Nakhon Pathom 73140, Thailand; Center of Excellence on Agricultural Biotechnology (AG-BIO/PERDO-CHE), Bangkok 10900, Thailand.
Surapan
S
Jitviriyanon
Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10400, Thailand.
Phanida
P
Phanthong
Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10400, Thailand.
Pattamapan
P
Lomarat
Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10400, Thailand.
Nuntavan
N
Bunyapraphatsara
Research Group for Preventive Technology in Livestock, Department of Veterinary Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand.
Sarthorn
S
Porntrakulpipat
Natural Product for Animal Production Research and Testing Development Center, Center of Excellent, Kasetsart University, Kamphaeng Saen Campus, Nakhon Pathom 73140, Thailand; Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture at Kamphaeng Saen, Kasetsart University, Kamphaeng Saen Campus, Nakhon Pathom 73140, Thailand. Electronic address: agrnupa@ku.ac.th.
Nuanchan
N
Paraksa
D000081248:Allylbenzene Derivatives; D000818:Animals; D000840:Anisoles / Q000494:pharmacology; D002417:Cattle; D002460:Cell Line; D002934:Cinnamates / Q000494:pharmacology; D003048:Coccidiosis / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000469:parasitology / Q000662:veterinary*; D003049:Coccidiostats / Q000494:pharmacology*; D016786:Eimeria tenella / Q000166:cytology / Q000187:drug effects*; D018649:Ocimum basilicum / Q000737:chemistry*; D009822:Oils, Volatile / Q000494:pharmacology*; D033661:Oocysts; D010938:Plant Oils / Q000494:pharmacology; D030521:Zingiberaceae / Q000737:chemistry*
D000081248:Allylbenzene Derivatives; D000840:Anisoles; D002934:Cinnamates; D003049:Coccidiostats; D009822:Oils, Volatile; D010938:Plant Oils; C025385:methyl cinnamate; C080118:ocimum oil; C007633:estragole
Anticoccidial property; B. pandurata; E. tenella; Essential oils; O. basilicum