Strategies to broaden the cross-protective efficacy of vaccines against porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus.
Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) is one of the most economically important viral pathogens currently affecting swine production worldwide. Although PRRS vaccines have been commercially available for over 20 years, the available vaccines are considered inadequately effective for control and eradication of the virus. Major obstacles for the development of a highly effective PRRS vaccine include the highly variable nature of the viral genome, the viral ability to subvert the host immune system, and the incomplete understanding of the immune protection against PRRSV infection. This article summarizes the impediments for the development of a highly protective PRRS vaccine and reviews the vaccinology approaches that have been attempted to overcome one of the most formidable challenges, which is the substantial genetic variation among PRRSV isolates, to broaden the antigenic coverage of PRRS vaccines.
Nebraska Center for Virology, and School of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, Nebraska, United States. Electronic address: hiepvu@unl.edu.
Hiep L X
HLX
Vu
Nebraska Center for Virology, and School of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, Nebraska, United States.
Asit K
AK
Pattnaik
Nebraska Center for Virology, and School of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, Nebraska, United States.
Fernando A
FA
Osorio
D000818:Animals; D014644:Genetic Variation; D019318:Porcine Reproductive and Respiratory Syndrome / Q000517:prevention & control* / Q000821:virology; D019316:Porcine respiratory and reproductive syndrome virus / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology*; D013552:Swine; D014765:Viral Vaccines / Q000276:immunology*
D014765:Viral Vaccines
Chimeric virus; Consensus immunogens; DNA shuffling; Genetic diversity; Heterologous protection; Immune evasion