Toxicity of Chlorophyllin against Lymnaea acuminata at Different Wavelengths of Visible Light.
Fasciolosis is a water and food-borne disease caused by the liver fluke Fasciola hepatica and Fasciola gigantica. This disease is widespread in different parts of the world. Lymnaeidae and Planorbidae snails are the intermediate hosts of these flukes. Snail population management is a good tool to control fasciolosis because gastropods represent the weakest link in the life-cycle of trematodes. Chlorophyll can be extracted from any green plant. Chlorophyllin was prepared from spinach in 100% ethanol by using different types of chemicals. The chlorophyll obtained from spinach was transformed into water-soluble chlorophyllin. In the present paper, toxicity of chlorophyllin against the snail Lymnaea acuminata was time and concentration dependent. The toxicity of extracted and pure chlorophyllin at continuous 4 h exposure of sunlight was highest with lethal concentration (LC50) of 331.01 mg/L and 2.60 mg/L, respectively, than discontinuous exposure of sunlight up to 8 h with LC50 of 357.04 mg/L and 4.94 mg/L, respectively. Toxicity of extracted chlorophyllin was noted in the presence of different monochromatic visible lights. The highest toxicity was noted in yellow light (96 h, LC50 392.77 mg/L) and the lowest in green light (96 h, LC50 833.02 mg/L). Chlorophyllin in combination with solar radiation or different wavelength of monochromatic visible lights may become a latent remedy against the snail L. acuminata. It was demonstrated that chlorophyllin was more toxic in sunlight. Chlorophyllin is ecologically safe and more economical than synthetic molluscicides which have the potential to control the incidence of fasciolosis in developing countries.
Malacology Laboratory, Department of Zoology, Deen Dayal Upadhyaya Gorakhpur University, Gorakhpur-273 009, UP, India.
Divya
D
Chaturvedi
Malacology Laboratory, Department of Zoology, Deen Dayal Upadhyaya Gorakhpur University, Gorakhpur-273 009, UP, India.
Vinay Kumar
VK
Singh
Chlorophyllin; Fasciola gigantica; Fasciolosis; Lymnaea acuminata; Monochromatic Light
J Photochem Photobiol B. 2002 Feb;66(1):73-80
11849986
J Radiat Res. 2004 Jun;45(2):181-8
15304958
J Neurophysiol. 2005 Jan;93(1):493-507
15306628
Environ Health Perspect. 2005 Feb;113(2):123-36
15687048
Int J Parasitol. 2005 Oct;35(11-12):1255-78
16150452
Parasitol Res. 2009 Feb;104(3):593-600
19009310
Adv Parasitol. 2009;69:41-146
19622408
J Infect Dev Ctries. 2008 Jun 01;2(3):182-9
19738348
Span J Psychol. 2010 May;13(1):18-29
20480676
Chemosphere. 2011 Apr;83(4):468-74
21215991
Parasitol Res. 2011 Sep;109(3):781-6
21448572
Photochem Photobiol. 2011 Sep-Oct;87(5):1113-22
21699544
Parasitol Res. 2012 Aug;111(2):729-33
22476598
J Photochem Photobiol B. 2015 Mar;144:57-60
25720554
Acta Trop. 2016 Feb;154:19-24
26536397
Parasitol Res. 2016 Jun;115(6):2277-83
26936032
Parasite Epidemiol Control. 2016 Mar 21;1(2):20-25
29988195
J Nat Prod. 1984 Jul-Aug;47(4):702-5
6491683