Effects of Particulate Matter and Its Chemical Constituents on Elderly Hospital Admissions Due to Circulatory and Respiratory Diseases.
Various fractions of particulate matter have been associated with increased mortality and morbidity. The purpose of our study is to analyze the associations between concentrations of PM2.5, PM2.5-10, PM10 and their chemical constituents (soluble ions) with hospital admissions due to circulatory and respiratory diseases among the elderly in a medium-sized city in Brazil. A time series study was conducted using Poisson regression with generalized additive models adjusted for confounders. Statistically significant associations were identified between PM10 and PM2.5-10 and respiratory diseases. Risks of hospitalization increased by 23.5% (95% CI: 13.5; 34.3) and 12.8% (95% CI: 6.0; 20.0) per 10 μg/m³ of PM2.5-10 and PM10, respectively. PM2.5 exhibited a significant association with circulatory system diseases, with the risk of hospitalization increasing by 19.6% (95% CI: 6.4; 34.6) per 10 μg/m³. Regarding the chemical species; SO₄(2-), NO₃(-), NH₄⁺ and K⁺ exhibited specific patterns of risk, relative to the investigated outcomes. Overall, SO₄(2-) in PM2.5-10 and K⁺ in PM2.5 were associated with increased risk of hospital admissions due to both types of diseases. The results agree with evidence indicating that the risks for different health outcomes vary in relation to the fractions and chemical composition of PM10. Thus, PM10 speciation studies may contribute to the establishment of more selective pollution control policies.
Pos-Graduate Program in Environmental Science, University of São Paulo, São Paulo SP 05508-010, Brazil. tmoraisf@gmail.com.
Tatiane Morais
TM
Ferreira
Center of Earth System Science, National Institute for Space Research, São José dos Campos SP 12227-010, Brazil. cristina.forti@inpe.br.
Maria Cristina
MC
Forti
Department of Preventive Medicine, School of Medicine, University of São Paulo, São Paulo SP 01246-903, Brazil. umbelino.freitas@gmail.com.
Clarice Umbelino
CU
de Freitas
Department of Preventive Medicine, School of Medicine, University of São Paulo, São Paulo SP 01246-903, Brazil. fepnascimento@gmail.com.
Felipe Parra
FP
Nascimento
Department of Epidemiology, Institute of Social Medicine, State University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro RJ 20550-900, Brazil. wjunger@ims.uerj.br.
Washington Leite
WL
Junger
Department of Preventive Medicine, School of Medicine, University of São Paulo, São Paulo SP 01246-903, Brazil. ngouveia@usp.br.
Nelson
N
Gouveia
D000368:Aged; D000393:Air Pollutants / Q000032:analysis*; D001938:Brazil; D002318:Cardiovascular Diseases / Q000139:chemically induced* / Q000401:mortality; D002947:Cities; D006760:Hospitalization; D006801:Humans; D008962:Models, Theoretical; D009017:Morbidity; D052638:Particulate Matter / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000032:analysis; D016012:Poisson Distribution; D012120:Respiration Disorders / Q000139:chemically induced*; D012140:Respiratory Tract Diseases / Q000139:chemically induced*; D012306:Risk
D000393:Air Pollutants; D052638:Particulate Matter
air pollution; chemical constituents; hospital admission; particulate matter; time series
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