The Nonspecific Lipid Transfer Protein AtLtpI-4 Is Involved in Suberin Formation of Arabidopsis thaliana Crown Galls.
Nonspecific lipid transfer proteins reversibly bind different types of lipid molecules in a hydrophobic cavity. They facilitate phospholipid transfer between membranes in vitro, play a role in cuticle and possibly in suberin formation, and might be involved in plant pathogen defense signaling. This study focuses on the role of the lipid transfer protein AtLTPI-4 in crown gall development. Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) crown gall tumors, which develop upon infection with the virulent Agrobacterium tumefaciens strain C58, highly expressed AtLTPI-4 Crown galls of the atltpI-4 loss-of-function mutant were much smaller compared with those of wild-type plants. The gene expression pattern and localization of the protein to the plasma membrane pointed to a function of AtLTPI-4 in cell wall suberization. Since Arabidopsis crown galls are covered by a suberin-containing periderm instead of a cuticle, we analyzed the suberin composition of crown galls and found a reduction in the amounts of long-chain fatty acids (C18:0) in the atltpI-4 mutant. To demonstrate the impact of AtLtpI-4 on extracellular lipid composition, we expressed the protein in Arabidopsis epidermis cells. This led to a significant increase in the very-long-chain fatty acids C24and C26in the cuticular wax fraction. Homology modeling and lipid-protein-overlay assays showed that AtLtpI-4 protein can bind these very-long-chain fatty acids. Thus, AtLtpI-4 protein may facilitate the transfer of long-chain as well as very-long-chain fatty acids into the apoplast, depending on the cell type in which it is expressed. In crown galls, which endogenously express AtLtpI-4, it is involved in suberin formation.
Department of Molecular Plant Physiology and Biophysics (R.D., S.S., R.H., T.D.M.) and Department of Ecophysiology and Vegetation Ecology (M.R., J.L.), Julius-von-Sachs-Institute, University of Wuerzburg, D-97082 Wuerzburg, Germany; and deeken@botanik.uni-wuerzburg.de.|Independent Junior Research Groups, Leibniz Institute of Plant Biochemistry, D-06120 Halle, Germany (J.K.) deeken@botanik.uni-wuerzburg.de.
Rosalia
0000-0003-3044-3171
R
Deeken
Department of Molecular Plant Physiology and Biophysics (R.D., S.S., R.H., T.D.M.) and Department of Ecophysiology and Vegetation Ecology (M.R., J.L.), Julius-von-Sachs-Institute, University of Wuerzburg, D-97082 Wuerzburg, Germany; and.|Independent Junior Research Groups, Leibniz Institute of Plant Biochemistry, D-06120 Halle, Germany (J.K.).
Stefanie
S
Saupe
Department of Molecular Plant Physiology and Biophysics (R.D., S.S., R.H., T.D.M.) and Department of Ecophysiology and Vegetation Ecology (M.R., J.L.), Julius-von-Sachs-Institute, University of Wuerzburg, D-97082 Wuerzburg, Germany; and.|Independent Junior Research Groups, Leibniz Institute of Plant Biochemistry, D-06120 Halle, Germany (J.K.).
Joern
J
Klinkenberg
Department of Molecular Plant Physiology and Biophysics (R.D., S.S., R.H., T.D.M.) and Department of Ecophysiology and Vegetation Ecology (M.R., J.L.), Julius-von-Sachs-Institute, University of Wuerzburg, D-97082 Wuerzburg, Germany; and.|Independent Junior Research Groups, Leibniz Institute of Plant Biochemistry, D-06120 Halle, Germany (J.K.).
Michael
0000-0002-1390-1575
M
Riedel
Department of Molecular Plant Physiology and Biophysics (R.D., S.S., R.H., T.D.M.) and Department of Ecophysiology and Vegetation Ecology (M.R., J.L.), Julius-von-Sachs-Institute, University of Wuerzburg, D-97082 Wuerzburg, Germany; and.|Independent Junior Research Groups, Leibniz Institute of Plant Biochemistry, D-06120 Halle, Germany (J.K.).
Jana
0000-0003-1909-3350
J
Leide
Department of Molecular Plant Physiology and Biophysics (R.D., S.S., R.H., T.D.M.) and Department of Ecophysiology and Vegetation Ecology (M.R., J.L.), Julius-von-Sachs-Institute, University of Wuerzburg, D-97082 Wuerzburg, Germany; and.|Independent Junior Research Groups, Leibniz Institute of Plant Biochemistry, D-06120 Halle, Germany (J.K.).
Rainer
R
Hedrich
Department of Molecular Plant Physiology and Biophysics (R.D., S.S., R.H., T.D.M.) and Department of Ecophysiology and Vegetation Ecology (M.R., J.L.), Julius-von-Sachs-Institute, University of Wuerzburg, D-97082 Wuerzburg, Germany; and.|Independent Junior Research Groups, Leibniz Institute of Plant Biochemistry, D-06120 Halle, Germany (J.K.).
Thomas D
0000-0003-1862-7357
TD
Mueller
D017360:Arabidopsis / Q000166:cytology / Q000235:genetics / Q000254:growth & development / Q000378:metabolism*; D029681:Arabidopsis Proteins / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism*; D002352:Carrier Proteins / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism*; D002462:Cell Membrane / Q000378:metabolism; D002473:Cell Wall / Q000378:metabolism; D005227:Fatty Acids / Q000378:metabolism; D008055:Lipids / Q000096:biosynthesis*; D008958:Models, Molecular; D009154:Mutation / Q000235:genetics; D009928:Organ Specificity; D049294:Phospholipid Transfer Proteins / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism*; D019441:Plant Epidermis / Q000378:metabolism / Q000648:ultrastructure; D010941:Plant Tumors; D030821:Plants, Genetically Modified; D011485:Protein Binding; D021381:Protein Transport; D014026:Nicotiana / Q000235:genetics; D064201:Trichomes / Q000378:metabolism / Q000648:ultrastructure
D029681:Arabidopsis Proteins; D002352:Carrier Proteins; D005227:Fatty Acids; D008055:Lipids; D049294:Phospholipid Transfer Proteins; C000623012:LP1 protein, Arabidopsis; C030363:lipid transfer protein; C065875:suberin
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