Stability assessment of hydro dispersive nanometric permethrin and its biosafety study towards the beneficial bacterial isolate from paddy rhizome.
Nanopesticides such as nanopermethrin can serve as an alternative to conventional pesticides causing eco-toxicity. The nanoformulation of this pyrethroid pesticide was carried out by solvent evaporation of pesticide-loaded microemulsion. The Z average for the nanopermethrin dispersion in paddy field water was found to be 169.2 ± 0.75 nm with a polydispersity index of 0.371 that exhibits uniform dispersion. Further, the nanopermethrin (NP) dispersion exhibited an effective stability in the paddy field water for a duration of 48 h with a Z average of 177.3 ± 1.2 nm and a zeta potential of -30.7 ± 0.9 mV. The LC50of the nanopermethrin against Culex tritaeniorhynchus in the field condition was found to be 0.051 μg/mL. In addition to the stability assessment, the biosafety of the nanopermethrin was commenced on the beneficial bacterial isolate Enterobacter ludwigii (VITSPR1) considered as plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria. The toxic effect of nanopesticide was compared to its bulk counterpart, i.e. bulk permethrin (BP) at a concentration of 100 µg/mL, and the nanopesticide was found to be potentially safe. The results of biomarker enzymatic assays (lipid peroxidase, glutathione reductase, lactate dehydrogenase) displayed insignificant (p < 0.05) toxicity of NP towards the bacterial cells compared to BP. The live-dead cell staining and SEM analysis illustrated negligible toxicity of NP towards the bacteria. The non-toxic behaviour of the NP towards the non-target species was studied which displayed the eco-safe property of NP.
Centre for Nanobiotechnology, VIT University, Vellore, Tamil Nadu, 632014, India.
Prabhakar
P
Mishra
Centre for Nanobiotechnology, VIT University, Vellore, Tamil Nadu, 632014, India.
A P B
APB
Balaji
Centre for Nanobiotechnology, VIT University, Vellore, Tamil Nadu, 632014, India.
Swathy
S
J S
Centre for Nanobiotechnology, VIT University, Vellore, Tamil Nadu, 632014, India.
Aruna L
AL
Paari
Centre for Nanobiotechnology, VIT University, Vellore, Tamil Nadu, 632014, India.
Merlyn
M
Kezhiah
Department of Environmental Biotechnology, School of Environmental Sciences, Tiruchirappalli, Tamil Nadu, India.
B K
BK
Tyagi
Centre for Nanobiotechnology, VIT University, Vellore, Tamil Nadu, 632014, India.
Amitava
A
Mukherjee
Centre for Nanobiotechnology, VIT University, Vellore, Tamil Nadu, 632014, India. nchandrasekaran@vit.ac.in.
Natarajan
N
Chandrasekaran
D000818:Animals; D003465:Culex / Q000254:growth & development; D004754:Enterobacter / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000201:enzymology / Q000254:growth & development; D005618:Fresh Water / Q000737:chemistry; D007928:Lethal Dose 50; D015227:Lipid Peroxidation / Q000187:drug effects; D049329:Nanostructures / Q000737:chemistry*; D012275:Oryza / Q000254:growth & development / Q000382:microbiology*; D018384:Oxidative Stress / Q000187:drug effects; D010316:Particle Size; D026023:Permethrin / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology* / Q000633:toxicity; D010575:Pesticides / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology* / Q000633:toxicity; D027343:Rhizome / Q000254:growth & development / Q000382:microbiology*; D012988:Soil Microbiology
D010575:Pesticides; D026023:Permethrin
Biosafety; Colloidal stability; Enterobacter ludwigii; Nanopermethrin; Paddy field
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