Variation in Host and Pathogen in theNeonectria/MalusInteraction; toward an Understanding of the Genetic Basis of Resistance to European Canker.
Apple canker caused by the phytopathogenic fungusNeonectria ditissimais an economically important disease, which has spread in recent years to almost all pome-producing regions of the world.N. ditissimais able to cross-infect a wide range of apple varieties and causes branch and trunk lesions, known as cankers. Most modern apple varieties are susceptible and in extreme cases suffer from high mortality (up to 50%) in the early phase of orchard establishment. There is no known race structure of the pathogen and the global level of genetic diversity of the pathogen population is unknown. Resistance breeding is underway in many global breeding programmes, but nevertheless, a total resistance to canker has not yet been demonstrated. Here we present preliminary data from a survey of the phylogenetic relationships between global isolates ofN. ditissimawhich reveals only slight evidence for population structure. In addition we report the results offourrapid screening tests to assess the response toN. ditissimain different apple scion and rootstock varieties, which reveals abundant variation in resistance responses in both cultivar and rootstock material. Further seedling tests show that the segregation patterns of resistance and susceptibility vary widely between crosses. We discuss inconsistencies in test performance with field observations and discuss future research opportunities in this area.
NIAB-EMRKent, UK; School of Agriculture Policy and Development, University of ReadingReading, UK.
Antonio
A
Gómez-Cortecero
NIAB-EMRKent, UK; School of Agriculture Policy and Development, University of ReadingReading, UK.
Robert J
RJ
Saville
The New Zealand Institute for Plant and Food Research Limited Havelock North, New Zealand.
Reiny W A
RW
Scheper
The New Zealand Institute for Plant and Food Research Limited Auckland, New Zealand.
Joanna K
JK
Bowen
Empresa de Pesquisa Agropecuária e Extensão Rural de Santa Catarina Caçador, Brazil.
Hugo
H
Agripino De Medeiros
NIAB-EMR Kent, UK.
Jennifer
J
Kingsnorth
NIAB-EMRKent, UK; School of Agriculture Policy and Development, University of ReadingReading, UK.
Xiangming
X
Xu
NIAB-EMRKent, UK; School of Agriculture Policy and Development, University of ReadingReading, UK.
Richard J
RJ
Harrison
European canker; Neonectria ditissima; disease resistance; pathogenicity test; phylogenetics
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