In vivoStudy on Depressant Effects and Muscle Coordination Activity ofGalphimia glaucaStem Methanol Extract.
BACKGROUND
Galphimia glaucais an evergreen shrub found across peninsular India, belonging to familyMalpighiaceae.


OBJECTIVE
The objective of this study was to assess thein vivodepressant effects and muscle coordination activity ofG. glaucastem methanol extract (GGSME).


METHODS
The stem methanol extract was administered in Swiss albino mice in 1 day to study the central nervous system (CNS) depressant and muscle coordination activity employing animal models such as sodium pentobarbital-induced sleep test, hole-board test, open field test, pentylenetetrazole (PTZ)-induced convulsions, picrotoxin-induced convulsions, grip strengthening test in mice, and Rota-rod test.


RESULTS
The LD50of GGSME was found to be >2000 mg/kg body weight (b.w.). Mice treated with stem methanol extract at 100, 200, and 400 mg/kg, b.w. doses extended the sleeping time induced by sodium pentobarbital (40 mg/kg. b.w., i.p.). The stem methanol extract at 400 mg/kg dose showed a significant (P≤ 0.001) dose-dependent decrease in the number of rears and head dipping number in the hole-board test. The extract exhibited a significant (P≤ 0.001) effect on the ambulatory behavior of mice in the open field test and also extended the onset of seizures induced by PTZ (90 mg/kg b.w., i.p.) and picrotoxin (10 mg/kg, b.w., i.p.). The extract also exhibited significant (P≤ 0.001) effects on muscle coordination in rota-rod and grip strengthening test in mice.


CONCLUSIONS
The study results conclude that the GGSME has a potential CNS depressant and muscle relaxant effects compared to the standard drugs.


CONCLUSIONS
Anxiety is implicated in the number of psychiatric disordersIn vivodepressant activity is studied employing animal models like Sodium pentobarbital-.induced sleep test, Hole-board test, Open field test, Pentylenetetrazole induced convulsions and Picrotoxin-induced convulsions tests.Muscle coordination activity is studied employing animal models like Grip strengthening test in mice and Rota-.rod test.The GABAergic system plays a significant role in CNS depressant and muscle relaxant effects.The study proves the traditional claims of the plant used in the treatment of phobia, panic, stress, anxiety and it is as well used in producing a calming effect on the nerves.Abbreviations Used: WHO: World Health Organization; CNS: Central nervous system; GGSME:Galphimia glaucastem methanol extract; IAEC: Institutional Animal Ethics Committee; OECD: The Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development; PTZ: Pentylenetetrazole; REM: Rapid eye movement; GABA: γ-aminobutyric acid; AMPA: α-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazolepropionic acid receptor; b.w: Body weight; i.p: Intraperitoneal; p.o: per oral.
Department of Pharmacognosy and Phytochemistry, School of Pharmacy, Anurag Group of Institutions, Hyderabad, Telangana, India.
Baba Shankar Rao
BS
Garige
Department of Pharmacy, University College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Satavahana University, Karimnagar, Telangana, India.
Srisailam
S
Keshetti
Department of Pharmacy, C.M.R Group of Institutions, Hyderabad, Telangana, India.
Uma Maheshwara Rao
UM
Vattikuti
Convulsions; Galphimia glauca; grip strength test; sodium pentobarbital; stem methanol extract
J Nat Prod. 2006 Jan;69(1):59-61
16441069
J Pharmacol Methods. 1991 Dec;26(4):269-75
1758193
Life Sci. 2006 Jan 11;78(7):730-7
16122763
J Pharmacol Methods. 1991 Apr;25(2):111-22
2067382
J Pharm Sci. 1978 Sep;67(9):1293-6
690837
J Ethnopharmacol. 1998 Aug;62(1):57-61
9720612
J Ethnopharmacol. 2002 Jan;79(1):13-6
11744289
Arch Med Res. 1992 Autumn;23(3):111-6
1308799
Therapie. 1964 May-Jun;19:571-83
14182942
Planta Med. 1992 Jun;58(3):234-6
1409977
Phytomedicine. 2007 Sep;14 (9):601-4
17292596
J Ethnopharmacol. 1994 Jul 22;43(3):161-6
7990488
Neuroscience. 1994 Jul;61(2):237-43
7969905
J Ethnopharmacol. 2007 May 22;111(3):613-8
17296279
Planta Med. 1995 Jun;61(3):213-6
7617761
Fitoterapia. 2005 Jul;76(5):412-8
15955638
J Ethnopharmacol. 2001 Jan;74(1):7-15
11137344
J Pharm Biomed Anal. 2013 Oct;84:148-58
23831490
Phytomedicine. 2006 Jan;13(1-2):23-8
16360929
Psychopharmacologia. 1965 Apr 7;7(5):374-8
5837313
J Am Pharm Assoc Am Pharm Assoc. 1957 Mar;46(3):208-9
13502156
J Affect Disord. 1995 Aug 18;34(4):275-81
8550953
Planta Med. 2006 Jul;72(9):842-4
16732534
Epilepsy Res. 1991 Apr;8(3):171-89
1907909
J Ethnopharmacol. 2010 Jul 6;130(1):1-8
20362043