Role of bile acids in carcinogenesis of pancreatic cancer: An old topic with new perspective.
The role of bile acids in colorectal cancer has been well documented, but their role in pancreatic cancer remains unclear. In this review, we examined the risk factors of pancreatic cancer. We found that bile acids are associated with most of these factors. Alcohol intake, smoking, and a high-fat diet all lead to high secretion of bile acids, and bile acid metabolic dysfunction is a causal factor of gallstones. An increase in secretion of bile acids, in addition to a long common channel, may result in bile acid reflux into the pancreatic duct and to the epithelial cells or acinar cells, from which pancreatic adenocarcinoma is derived. The final pathophysiological process is pancreatitis, which promotes dedifferentiation of acinar cells into progenitor duct-like cells. Interestingly, bile acids act as regulatory molecules in metabolism, affecting adipose tissue distribution, insulin sensitivity and triglyceride metabolism. As a result, bile acids are associated with three risk factors of pancreatic cancer: obesity, diabetes and hypertriglyceridemia. In the second part of this review, we summarize several studies showing that bile acids act as cancer promoters in gastrointestinal cancer. However, more question are raised than have been solved, and further oncological and physiological experiments are needed to confirm the role of bile acids in pancreatic cancer carcinogenesis.
Hui-Yi Feng, Yang-Chao Chen, School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, the Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.
Hui-Yi
HY
Feng
Hui-Yi Feng, Yang-Chao Chen, School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, the Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.
Yang-Chao
YC
Chen
D000230:Adenocarcinoma / Q000209:etiology / Q000378:metabolism; D000428:Alcohol Drinking; D001647:Bile Acids and Salts / Q000378:metabolism*; D063646:Carcinogenesis; D048909:Diabetes Complications / Q000473:pathology; D004032:Diet; D006801:Humans; D015228:Hypertriglyceridemia / Q000150:complications; D007333:Insulin Resistance; D024821:Metabolic Syndrome / Q000150:complications / Q000378:metabolism; D009765:Obesity / Q000150:complications; D010179:Pancreas / Q000378:metabolism; D010190:Pancreatic Neoplasms / Q000209:etiology / Q000378:metabolism*; D010195:Pancreatitis; D018160:Receptors, Cytoplasmic and Nuclear / Q000378:metabolism; D012307:Risk Factors; D015398:Signal Transduction; D012907:Smoking; D000099150:Receptor, Farnesoid X-Activated
D001647:Bile Acids and Salts; D018160:Receptors, Cytoplasmic and Nuclear; D000099150:Receptor, Farnesoid X-Activated
Bile acids; Metabolic syndrome; Pancreatic adenocarcinoma; Pancreatitis
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