Arabidopsis Mutant bik1 Exhibits Strong Resistance to Plasmodiophora brassicae.
Botrytis-induced kinase1 (BIK1), a receptor-like cytoplasmic kinase, plays an important role in resistance against pathogens and insects in Arabidopsis thaliana. However, it remains unknown whether BIK1 functions against Plasmodiophora brassicae, an obligate biotrophic protist that attacks cruciferous plants and induces gall formation on roots. Here, we investigated the potential roles of receptors FLS2, BAK1, and BIK1 in the infection of P. brassicae cruciferous plants. Wild-type plants, fls2, and bak1 mutants showed typical symptom on roots, and the galls were filled with large quantities of resting spores, while bik1 mutant plants exhibited strong resistance to P. brassicae. Compared with that of the wild-type plants, the root hair and cortical infection rate of bik1 mutant were significantly reduced by about 40-50%. A considerable portion of bik1 roots failed to form typical galls. Even if some small galls were formed, they were filled with multinucleate secondary plasmodia. The bik1 plants accumulated less reactive oxygen species (ROS) at infected roots than other mutants and wild-type plants. Exogenous salicylic acid (SA) treatment alleviated the clubroot symptoms in wild-type plants, and the expression of the SA signaling marker gene PR1 was significantly increased in bik1. Both sid2 (salicylic acid induction-deficient 2) and npr1-1 [non-expresser of PR genes that regulate systemic acquired resistance (SAR)] mutants showed increased susceptibility to P. brassicae compared with wild-type plants. These results suggest that the resistance of bik1 to P. brassicae is possibly mediated by SA inducible mechanisms.
State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Huazhong Agricultural UniversityWuhan, China; The Provincial Key Lab of Plant Pathology of Hubei Province, College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural UniversityWuhan, China.
Tao
T
Chen
State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Huazhong Agricultural UniversityWuhan, China; The Provincial Key Lab of Plant Pathology of Hubei Province, College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural UniversityWuhan, China.
Kai
K
Bi
State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Huazhong Agricultural UniversityWuhan, China; The Provincial Key Lab of Plant Pathology of Hubei Province, College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural UniversityWuhan, China.
Zhangchao
Z
He
State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Huazhong Agricultural UniversityWuhan, China; The Provincial Key Lab of Plant Pathology of Hubei Province, College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural UniversityWuhan, China.
Zhixiao
Z
Gao
State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Huazhong Agricultural UniversityWuhan, China; The Provincial Key Lab of Plant Pathology of Hubei Province, College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural UniversityWuhan, China.
Ying
Y
Zhao
State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Huazhong Agricultural UniversityWuhan, China; The Provincial Key Lab of Plant Pathology of Hubei Province, College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural UniversityWuhan, China.
Yanping
Y
Fu
State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Huazhong Agricultural UniversityWuhan, China; The Provincial Key Lab of Plant Pathology of Hubei Province, College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural UniversityWuhan, China.
Jiasen
J
Cheng
State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Huazhong Agricultural UniversityWuhan, China; The Provincial Key Lab of Plant Pathology of Hubei Province, College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural UniversityWuhan, China.
Jiatao
J
Xie
State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Huazhong Agricultural UniversityWuhan, China; The Provincial Key Lab of Plant Pathology of Hubei Province, College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural UniversityWuhan, China.
Daohong
D
Jiang
Arabidopsis thaliana; BIK1; Clubroot; Plasmodiophora brassicae; ROS; SA; SAR
Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2010 Jan 5;107(1):496-501
20018686
Cell Host Microbe. 2010 Apr 22;7(4):290-301
20413097
Elife. 2016 Apr 04;5:e13568
27043937
Nat Protoc. 2006;1(5):2320-5
17406474
Mol Plant Pathol. 2015 May;16(4):349-64
25135243
Curr Opin Plant Biol. 2012 Aug;15(4):349-57
22705024
Mol Plant Pathol. 2013 Aug;14(6):623-34
23621321
Nature. 2001 Nov 29;414(6863):562-5
11734859
Plant Signal Behav. 2015;10(5):e1018497
26039480
Plant Cell. 1994 Nov;6(11):1583-1592
12244227
BMC Genomics. 2014 Dec 23;15:1166
25532522
FEBS Lett. 2008 Feb 20;582(4):473-8
18201575
Funct Plant Biol. 2011 Jun;38(6):462-478
32480901
Plant Cell. 2000 Dec;12(12):2339-2350
11148282
Theor Appl Genet. 2004 May;108(8):1555-63
15007504
Plant J. 2012 Jul;71(2):226-38
22394393
Plant Physiol. 2014 Jun 24;165(4):1657-1670
24963070
Plant Cell. 2011 Aug;23(8):2831-49
21862710
Plant Cell. 1994 Jul;6(7):959-965
12244262
Mol Cell. 2000 Jun;5(6):1003-11
10911994
J Biol Chem. 2010 Mar 26;285(13):9444-9451
20103591
Theor Appl Genet. 2004 Feb;108(4):639-43
14551685
Annu Rev Phytopathol. 2009;47:177-206
19400653
Phytopathology. 1999 Apr;89(4):314-9
18944777
Plant Dis. 2006 Dec;90(12):1517-1522
30780970
Sci Rep. 2015 Jun 18;5:11153
26084520
Nat Rev Immunol. 2012 Jan 25;12(2):89-100
22273771
New Phytol. 2014 May;202(3):886-900
24571730
Plant Cell. 2006 Jan;18(1):257-73
16339855
Methods Mol Biol. 2013;931:483-91
23027019
Plant Cell Physiol. 2014 Feb;55(2):392-411
24285749
Plant Cell Physiol. 2012 Oct;53(10):1751-67
22942250
Mol Cell. 2014 Apr 24;54(2):263-72
24766890
Front Plant Sci. 2015 Jul 21;6:539
26257750
Mol Plant Pathol. 2012 Feb;13(2):105-13
21726396
Annu Rev Phytopathol. 2004;42:185-209
15283665
Annu Rev Plant Biol. 2013;64:839-63
23373699
Nature. 2007 Jul 26;448(7152):497-500
17625569
Trends Plant Sci. 2004 Oct;9(10):490-8
15465684
Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2013 Jul 16;110(29):12114-9
23818580
Micron. 2013 Sep-Oct;52-53:24-32
24029552
Essays Biochem. 2015;58:101-13
26374890
Plant Cell Physiol. 2015 Nov;56(11):2158-68
26363358
Nature. 2012 Apr 15;485(7396):114-8
22504181
Mol Plant Pathol. 2016 Oct;17(8):1237-51
26719902