Biological therapies in the treatment of cutaneous lupus erythematosus.
Cutaneous lupus erythematosus (CLE) is an autoimmune skin disease occurring in association with or without systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). Although antimalarials are widely used as the first-line systemic agent, refractory cases may benefit from additional immunomodulators, immunosuppressives, and biologics. An interest in biological therapies for CLE has emerged in recent years due to novel insight into the pathogenesis of CLE. These targets include B cells, T cells, and cytokines that are involved in immune system pathways. Currently belimumab is the only biological therapy approved for SLE and no biologic has been approved for CLE. While there is a paucity of high quality evidence with regard to biologics in CLE management, trials are currently being performed to determine their role.
1 Corporal Michael J. Crescenz Veterans Affairs Medical Center (Philadelphia), USA.|2 Department of Dermatology at the Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, USA.
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1 Corporal Michael J. Crescenz Veterans Affairs Medical Center (Philadelphia), USA.|2 Department of Dermatology at the Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, USA.
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Hejazi
1 Corporal Michael J. Crescenz Veterans Affairs Medical Center (Philadelphia), USA.|2 Department of Dermatology at the Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, USA.
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D001402:B-Lymphocytes / Q000187:drug effects / Q000276:immunology; D001688:Biological Products / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D002986:Clinical Trials as Topic; D016207:Cytokines / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000276:immunology; D003879:Dermatologic Agents / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D006801:Humans; D008178:Lupus Erythematosus, Cutaneous / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000276:immunology; D008180:Lupus Erythematosus, Systemic / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000276:immunology; D058990:Molecular Targeted Therapy; D012867:Skin / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000276:immunology / Q000473:pathology; D016896:Treatment Outcome
D001688:Biological Products; D016207:Cytokines; D003879:Dermatologic Agents
Belimumab; biological therapy; cutaneous lupus; interferon; rituximab