Ultraviolet radiation and effects on humans: the paradigm of maternal vitamin D production during pregnancy.
Current evidence indicates that neonates born of mothers with vitamin D deficiency during pregnancy have greater risk for developing hypocalcemia, rickets and extra-skeletal disorders. Despite the classic knowledge that ultraviolet-B (UVB) exposure is the most efficient way for a future mother to obtain optimal vitamin D concentrations, no current consensus or clinical recommendations exist regarding the duration and timing of UVB exposure for pregnant women. This article offers a narrative review of available data regarding how UVB exposure affects maternal vitamin D production during pregnancy, along with a discourse on clinical implications of this public health issue. Future studies would benefit from adopting UVB exposure estimates to recommend appropriate UVB exposure to pregnant women. Doing so could provide a more holistic and practical approach in managing maternal hypovitaminosis D during pregnancy.
Unit of Reproductive Endocrinology, First Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Medical School, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Papageorgiou General Hospital, Thessaloniki, Greece.
A
A
Anastasiou
Unit of Reproductive Endocrinology, First Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Medical School, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Papageorgiou General Hospital, Thessaloniki, Greece.|Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, First Department of Internal Medicine, AHEPA University Hospital, Thessaloniki, Greece.
S N
SN
Karras
Laboratory of Atmospheric Physics, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece.
A
A
Bais
Sunlight, Nutrition, and Health Research Center, San Francisco, CA, USA.
W B
WB
Grant
Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, First Department of Internal Medicine, AHEPA University Hospital, Thessaloniki, Greece.
K
K
Kotsa
Unit of Reproductive Endocrinology, First Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Medical School, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Papageorgiou General Hospital, Thessaloniki, Greece.
D G
DG
Goulis
D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D011247:Pregnancy; D011248:Pregnancy Complications / Q000517:prevention & control*; D014466:Ultraviolet Rays; D014807:Vitamin D / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D014808:Vitamin D Deficiency / Q000517:prevention & control*
D014807:Vitamin D
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