Rapid bioremediation of Alizarin Red S and Quinizarine Green SS dyes using Trichoderma lixii F21 mediated by biosorption and enzymatic processes.
In this study, a newly isolated ascomycete fungus Trichoderma lixii F21 was explored to bioremediate the polar [Alizarin Red S (ARS)] and non-polar [Quinizarine Green SS (QGSS)] anthraquinone dyes. The bioremediation of ARS and QGSS by T. lixii F21 was found to be 77.78 and 98.31 %, respectively, via biosorption and enzymatic processes within 7 days of incubation. The maximum biosorption (ARS = 33.7 % and QGSS = 74.7 %) and enzymatic biodegradation (ARS = 44.1 % and QGSS = 23.6 %) were observed at pH 4 and 27 °C in the presence of glucose and yeast extract. The laccase and catechol 1,2-dioxygenase produced by T. lixii F21 were involved in the molecular conversions of ARS and QGSS to phenolic and carboxylic acid compounds, without the formation of toxic aromatic amines. This study suggests that T. lixii F21 may be a good candidate for the bioremediation of industrial effluents contaminated with anthraquinone dyes.
Centre for Sustainable Environment and Water Security (IPASA), Research Institute for Sustainable Environment (RISE), Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, 81310 UTM, Johor Bahru, Malaysia.|Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, 81310 UTM, Johor Bahru, Malaysia.
Liyana Amalina
LA
Adnan
Centre for Sustainable Environment and Water Security (IPASA), Research Institute for Sustainable Environment (RISE), Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, 81310 UTM, Johor Bahru, Malaysia. salemsathishkumar@gmail.com.
Palanivel
P
Sathishkumar
Centre for Sustainable Environment and Water Security (IPASA), Research Institute for Sustainable Environment (RISE), Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, 81310 UTM, Johor Bahru, Malaysia. rahim@kimia.fs.utm.my.|Centre for Sustainable Nanomaterials, Ibnu Sina Institute for Scientific and Industrial Research (ISI-SIR), Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, 81310 UTM, Johor Bahru, Malaysia. rahim@kimia.fs.utm.my.
Abdull Rahim Mohd
AR
Yusoff
Centre for Sustainable Environment and Water Security (IPASA), Research Institute for Sustainable Environment (RISE), Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, 81310 UTM, Johor Bahru, Malaysia.|Department of Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Civil Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, 81310 UTM, Johor Bahru, Malaysia.
Tony
T
Hadibarata
Department of Botany and Microbiology, Faculty of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, 12372, Saudi Arabia.
Fuad
F
Ameen
D000880:Anthraquinones / Q000378:metabolism*; D001673:Biodegradation, Environmental; D004396:Coloring Agents / Q000378:metabolism*; D014242:Trichoderma / Q000378:metabolism*
D000880:Anthraquinones; D004396:Coloring Agents; C004468:Alizarin Red S; C034890:1,4-dihydroxyanthraquinone
Anthraquinone dye; Bioremediation; Catechol 1,2-dioxygenase; Laccase; Trichoderma lixii