Carbamazepine degradation by gamma irradiation coupled to biological treatment.
Carbamazepine is an emerging contaminant and resistant to biodegradation, which cannot be effectively removed by the conventional biological wastewater treatment processes. In this study, the combined gamma irradiation and biodegradation was employed to remove carbamazepine from wastewater. The effect of dose on the removal of carbamazepine was studied at different doses (300, 600 and 800Gy). The results showed that the removal efficiency of carbamazepine increased with dose increasing during the irradiation process. The maximum removal efficiency was 99.8% at 800Gy, while the removal efficiency of total organic carbon (TOC) was only 26.5%. The removal efficiency of TOC increased to 79.3% after the sequent biological treatment. In addition, several intermediates and organic acids were detected. The possible degradation pathway of carbamazepine during the integrated irradiation and biodegradation was proposed. Based on the overall analysis, the combined gamma irradiation and biological treatment process can be an alternative for removing the recalcitrant organic pollutants such as carbamazepine from wastewater.
Collaborative Innovation Center for Advanced Nuclear Energy Technology, INET, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, PR China.
Shizong
S
Wang
Collaborative Innovation Center for Advanced Nuclear Energy Technology, INET, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, PR China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Radioactive Wastes Treatment, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, PR China. Electronic address: wangjl@tsinghua.edu.cn.
Jianlong
J
Wang
D000143:Acids / Q000737:chemistry; D064751:Ammonium Compounds / Q000737:chemistry / Q000528:radiation effects; D001673:Biodegradation, Environmental; D002220:Carbamazepine / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000528:radiation effects*; D002244:Carbon / Q000737:chemistry / Q000528:radiation effects; D002851:Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; D005720:Gamma Rays; D011829:Radiation Dosage; D012722:Sewage; D014865:Waste Disposal, Fluid; D062065:Wastewater / Q000032:analysis
D000143:Acids; D064751:Ammonium Compounds; D002220:Carbamazepine; D002244:Carbon; D012722:Sewage; D062065:Wastewater
Biodegradation; Carbamazepine; Degradation pathway; Emerging contaminant; Irradiation; Mineralization