Comparative analysis of the relative potential of silver, Zinc-oxide and titanium-dioxide nanoparticles against UVB-induced DNA damage for the prevention of skin carcinogenesis.
Sunscreen formulations containing UVB filters, such as Zinc-oxide (ZnO) and titanium-dioxide (TiO2) nanoparticles (NPs) have been developed to limit the exposure of human skin to UV-radiations. Unfortunately, these UVB protective agents have failed in controlling the skin cancer incidence. We recently demonstrated that silver nanoparticles (Ag-NPs) could serve as novel protective agents against UVB-radiations. Here our goal was to perform comparative analysis of direct and indirect UVB-protection efficacy of ZnO-, TiO2- and Ag-NPs. Sun-protection-factor calculated based on their UVB-reflective/absorption abilities was the highest for TiO2-NPs followed by Ag- and ZnO-NPs. This was further confirmed by studying indirect protection of UVB radiation-induced death of HaCaT cells. However, only Ag-NPs were active in protecting HaCaT cells against direct UVB-induced DNA-damage by repairing bulky-DNA lesions through nucleotide-excision-repair mechanism. Moreover, Ag-NPs were also effective in protecting HaCaT cells from UVB-induced oxidative DNA damage by enhancing SOD/CAT/GPx activity. In contrast, ZnO- and TiO2-NPs not only failed in providing any direct protection from DNA-damage, but rather enhanced oxidative DNA-damage by increasing ROS production. Together, these findings raise concerns about safety of ZnO- and TiO2-NPs and establish superior protective efficacy of Ag-NPs.
Department of Oncologic Sciences, Mitchell Cancer Institute, University of South Alabama, Mobile, AL 36604, USA.
Nikhil
N
Tyagi
Department of Oncologic Sciences, Mitchell Cancer Institute, University of South Alabama, Mobile, AL 36604, USA.
Sanjeev K
SK
Srivastava
Department of Oncologic Sciences, Mitchell Cancer Institute, University of South Alabama, Mobile, AL 36604, USA.
Sumit
S
Arora
Department of Oncologic Sciences, Mitchell Cancer Institute, University of South Alabama, Mobile, AL 36604, USA; Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of South Alabama, Mobile, AL 36688, USA.
Yousef
Y
Omar
Department of Oncologic Sciences, Mitchell Cancer Institute, University of South Alabama, Mobile, AL 36604, USA; Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of South Alabama, Mobile, AL 36688, USA.
Zohaib Mohammad
ZM
Ijaz
Department of Oncologic Sciences, Mitchell Cancer Institute, University of South Alabama, Mobile, AL 36604, USA.
Ahmed
A
Al-Ghadhban
Department of Oncologic Sciences, Mitchell Cancer Institute, University of South Alabama, Mobile, AL 36604, USA.
Sachin K
SK
Deshmukh
Department of Pathology, College of Medicine, University of South Alabama, Mobile, AL 36688, USA.
James E
JE
Carter
Department of Oncologic Sciences, Mitchell Cancer Institute, University of South Alabama, Mobile, AL 36604, USA; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Medicine, University of South Alabama, Mobile, AL 36688, USA.
Ajay P
AP
Singh
Department of Oncologic Sciences, Mitchell Cancer Institute, University of South Alabama, Mobile, AL 36604, USA; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Medicine, University of South Alabama, Mobile, AL 36688, USA. Electronic address: seemasingh@health.southalabama.edu.
Seema
S
Singh
D016588:Anticarcinogenic Agents / Q000494:pharmacology* / Q000633:toxicity; D000975:Antioxidants / Q000494:pharmacology; D002374:Catalase / Q000378:metabolism; D016923:Cell Death / Q000187:drug effects; D045744:Cell Line, Tumor; D004249:DNA Damage / Q000187:drug effects*; D004260:DNA Repair / Q000187:drug effects; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D005979:Glutathione Peroxidase / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D015603:Keratinocytes / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology / Q000528:radiation effects*; D053768:Metal Nanoparticles; D018384:Oxidative Stress / Q000187:drug effects; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species / Q000378:metabolism; D018030:Silver Compounds / Q000494:pharmacology*; D012878:Skin Neoplasms / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology / Q000517:prevention & control*; D013471:Sunburn / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D013473:Sunscreening Agents / Q000494:pharmacology* / Q000633:toxicity; D013482:Superoxide Dismutase / Q000378:metabolism; D014025:Titanium / Q000494:pharmacology* / Q000633:toxicity; D014466:Ultraviolet Rays / Q000009:adverse effects*; D015034:Zinc Oxide / Q000494:pharmacology* / Q000633:toxicity
D016588:Anticarcinogenic Agents; D000975:Antioxidants; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species; D018030:Silver Compounds; D013473:Sunscreening Agents; C009495:titanium dioxide; D014025:Titanium; D002374:Catalase; D005979:Glutathione Peroxidase; D013482:Superoxide Dismutase; D015034:Zinc Oxide
DNA lesions (CPDs, 6-4 PPs); Reactive oxygen species (ROS); Silver nanoparticles (AgNPs); Sun protection factor (SPF); Titanium dioxide nanoparticles (TiO(2)NPs); Zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnONPs)
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