In Silico and Wet Lab Studies Reveal the Cholesterol Lowering Efficacy of Lauric Acid, a Medium Chain Fat of Coconut Oil.
The coconut oil (CO) contains 91 % of saturated fatty acids in which 72 % are medium chain fatty acids (MCFAs) like lauric, capric and caprylic acids. In contrast to animal fat, coconut oil has no cholesterol. Despite this fact, CO is sidelined among other vegetable oils due to the health hazards attributed to the saturated fatty acids. Though various medicinal effects of CO have been reported including the hypolipidemic activity, people are still confused in the consumption of this natural oil. In silico analyses and wet lab experiments have been carried out to identify the hypolipidemic properties of MCFAs and phenolic acids in CO by using different protein targets involved in cholesterol synthesis. The molecular docking studies were carried out using CDOCKER protocol in Accelery's Discovery Studio, by taking different proteins like HMG- CoA reductase and cholesterol esterase as targets and the different phytocompounds in coconut as ligands. Molecular docking highlighted the potential of lauric acid in inhibiting the protein targets involved in hyperlipidemics. Further, validation of in silico results was carried out through in vivo studies. The activity of key enzymes HMG- CoA reductase and lipoprotein lipase were found reduced in animals fed with lauric acid and CO.
Centre for Plant Biotechnology and Molecular Biology, Kerala Agricultural University, KAU P.O., Vellanikkara, Thrissur, Kerala, 680656, India. devilekshmys@gmail.com.
Devi
D
Lekshmi Sheela
Centre for Plant Biotechnology and Molecular Biology, Kerala Agricultural University, KAU P.O., Vellanikkara, Thrissur, Kerala, 680656, India.
Puthiyaveetil Abdulla
PA
Nazeem
Department of Biochemistry, Amala Cancer Research Centre, Amala Nagar P.O., Thrissur, Kerala, 680 555, India.
Arunaksharan
A
Narayanankutty
Department of Biochemistry, Amala Cancer Research Centre, Amala Nagar P.O., Thrissur, Kerala, 680 555, India.
Jeksy Jos
JJ
Manalil
Department of Biochemistry, Amala Cancer Research Centre, Amala Nagar P.O., Thrissur, Kerala, 680 555, India.
Achuthan C
AC
Raghavamenon
D000818:Animals; D001241:Aspirin / Q000494:pharmacology; D000069059:Atorvastatin / Q000494:pharmacology; D002784:Cholesterol / Q000097:blood; D000074263:Coconut Oil; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D005227:Fatty Acids / Q000032:analysis; D006903:Hydroxymethylglutaryl CoA Reductases / Q000378:metabolism; D000960:Hypolipidemic Agents / Q000032:analysis / Q000493:pharmacokinetics*; D007850:Lauric Acids / Q000032:analysis / Q000494:pharmacology*; D008297:Male; D023421:Models, Animal; D062105:Molecular Docking Simulation; D010938:Plant Oils / Q000737:chemistry*; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D002787:Sterol Esterase / Q000378:metabolism; D014280:Triglycerides / Q000097:blood
D005227:Fatty Acids; D000960:Hypolipidemic Agents; D007850:Lauric Acids; D010938:Plant Oils; D014280:Triglycerides; C030358:lauric acid; D002784:Cholesterol; D000069059:Atorvastatin; D006903:Hydroxymethylglutaryl CoA Reductases; D002787:Sterol Esterase; D000074263:Coconut Oil; D001241:Aspirin
Cholesterol esterase; Coconut oil; Discovery studio; HMG- Co-A reductase; MCFAs; Molecular docking
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