Staphylococcus aureus in Animals and Food: Methicillin Resistance, Prevalence and Population Structure. A Review in the African Continent.
The interest about Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) and methicillin resistant S. aureus (MRSA) in livestock, and domestic and wild animals has significantly increased. The spread of different clonal complexes related to livestock animals, mainly CC398, and the recent description of the new mecC gene, make it necessary to know more about the epidemiology and population structure of this microorganism all over the world. Nowadays, there are several descriptions about the presence of S. aureus and/or MRSA in different animal species (dogs, sheep, donkeys, bats, pigs, and monkeys), and in food of animal origin in African countries. In this continent, there is a high diversity of ethnicities, cultures or religions, as well as a high number of wild animal species and close contact between humans and animals, which can have a relevant impact in the epidemiology of this microorganism. This review shows that some clonal lineages associated with humans (CC1, CC15, CC72, CC80, CC101, and CC152) and animals (CC398, CC130 and CC133) are present in this continent in animal isolates, although the mecC gene has not been detected yet. However, available studies are limited to a few countries, very often with incomplete information, and many more studies are necessary to cover a larger number of African countries.
Area of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of La Rioja, Madre de Dios 53, Logroño 26006, Spain. carmencita_lf@hotmail.com.
Carmen
C
Lozano
Laboratoire des Microorganismes et Biomolécules Actives, Faculté de Sciences de Tunis, Université de Tunis El Manar, Tunis 2092, Tunisia. haythemgharsa@yahoo.fr.|Institut Supérieur des Sciences Biologiques Appliquées de Tunis, Université de Tunis El Manar, Tunis 1006, Tunisia. haythemgharsa@yahoo.fr.
Haythem
H
Gharsa
Laboratoire des Microorganismes et Biomolécules Actives, Faculté de Sciences de Tunis, Université de Tunis El Manar, Tunis 2092, Tunisia. Karim.BenSlama@fst.rnu.tn.|Institut Supérieur des Sciences Biologiques Appliquées de Tunis, Université de Tunis El Manar, Tunis 1006, Tunisia. Karim.BenSlama@fst.rnu.tn.
Karim
K
Ben Slama
Area of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of La Rioja, Madre de Dios 53, Logroño 26006, Spain. myriam.zarazaga@unirioja.es.
Myriam
M
Zarazaga
Area of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of La Rioja, Madre de Dios 53, Logroño 26006, Spain. carmen.torres@unirioja.es.
Carmen
C
Torres
Africa; CC130; CC133; CC398; MRSA; MSSA
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