Biocompatibility of implantable materials: An oxidative stress viewpoint.
Oxidative stress occurs when the production of oxidants surpasses the antioxidant capacity in living cells. Oxidative stress is implicated in a number of pathological conditions such as cardiovascular and neurodegenerative diseases but it also has crucial roles in the regulation of cellular activities. Over the last few decades, many studies have identified significant connections between oxidative stress, inflammation and healing. In particular, increasing evidence indicates that the production of oxidants and the cellular response to oxidative stress are intricately connected to the fate of implanted biomaterials. This review article provides an overview of the major mechanisms underlying the link between oxidative stress and the biocompatibility of biomaterials. ROS, RNS and lipid peroxidation products act as chemo-attractants, signalling molecules and agents of degradation during the inflammation and healing phases. As chemo-attractants and signalling molecules, they contribute to the recruitment and activation of inflammatory and healing cells, which in turn produce more oxidants. As agents of degradation, they contribute to the maturation of the extracellular matrix at the healing site and to the degradation of the implanted material. Oxidative stress is itself influenced by the material properties, such as by their composition, their surface properties and their degradation products. Because both cells and materials produce and react with oxidants, oxidative stress may be the most direct route mediating the communication between cells and materials. Improved understanding of the oxidative stress mechanisms following biomaterial implantation may therefore help the development of new biomaterials with enhanced biocompatibility.
Laboratory for Oxidative Stress, Rudjer Boskovic Institute, Bijenicka 54, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia; NIHR Biomedical Research Unit, Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology and Musculoskeletal Sciences, Botnar Research Centre, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7LD, UK. Electronic address: pierre-alexis.mouthuy@ndorms.ox.ac.uk.
Pierre-Alexis
PA
Mouthuy
NIHR Biomedical Research Unit, Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology and Musculoskeletal Sciences, Botnar Research Centre, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7LD, UK.
Sarah J B
SJB
Snelling
NIHR Biomedical Research Unit, Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology and Musculoskeletal Sciences, Botnar Research Centre, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7LD, UK.
Stephanie G
SG
Dakin
Laboratory for Oxidative Stress, Rudjer Boskovic Institute, Bijenicka 54, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia.
Lidija
L
Milković
Laboratory for Oxidative Stress, Rudjer Boskovic Institute, Bijenicka 54, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia.
Ana Čipak
AČ
Gašparović
NIHR Biomedical Research Unit, Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology and Musculoskeletal Sciences, Botnar Research Centre, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7LD, UK.
Andrew J
AJ
Carr
Laboratory for Oxidative Stress, Rudjer Boskovic Institute, Bijenicka 54, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia.
Neven
N
Žarković
D000818:Animals; D000975:Antioxidants / Q000378:metabolism*; D001672:Biocompatible Materials / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000737:chemistry / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D006801:Humans; D007249:Inflammation / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000378:metabolism; D015227:Lipid Peroxidation; D016877:Oxidants / Q000378:metabolism; D018384:Oxidative Stress; D019736:Prostheses and Implants; D026361:Reactive Nitrogen Species / Q000378:metabolism; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species / Q000378:metabolism; D023822:Tissue Engineering; D014945:Wound Healing / Q000502:physiology
D000975:Antioxidants; D001672:Biocompatible Materials; D016877:Oxidants; D026361:Reactive Nitrogen Species; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species
Biocompatibility; Biomaterials; Lipid peroxidation products; Oxidative stress; RNS; ROS