Voice Disorders in Occupations with Vocal Load in Slovenia.
OBJECTIVE
The aim of this paper is to compare the prevalence of voice disorders and the risk factors for them in different occupations with a vocal load in Slovenia.


METHODS
A meta-analysis of six different Slovenian studies involving teachers, physicians, salespeople, catholic priests, nurses and speech-and-language therapists (SLTs) was performed. In all six studies, similar questions about the prevalence of voice disorders and the causes for them were included.


RESULTS
The comparison of the six studies showed that more than 82% of the 2347 included subjects had voice problems at some time during their career. The teachers were the most affected by voice problems. The prevalent cause of voice problems was the vocal load in teachers and salespeople and respiratory-tract infections in all the other occupational groups. When the occupational groups were compared, it was stated that the teachers had more voice problems and showed less care for their voices than the priests. The physicians had more voice problems and showed better consideration of vocal hygiene rules than the SLTs. The majority of all the included subjects did not receive instructions about voice care during education.


CONCLUSIONS
In order to decrease the prevalence of voice disorders in vocal professionals, a screening program is recommended before the beginning of their studies. Regular courses on voice care and proper vocal technique should be obligatory for all professional voice users during their career. The inclusion of dysphonia in the list of occupational diseases should be considered in Slovenia as it is in some European countries.
University Medical Centre Ljubljana, Zaloška 2, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia.
Lučka
L
Boltežar
University Medical Centre Ljubljana, Department of Otorhinolaryngology and Head & Neck Surgery, Zaloška 2, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia.
Maja
M
Šereg Bahar
Professional voice users; questionnaires; vocal load; voice care; voice disorders
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