Injectable Hydrogels for Cardiac Tissue Repair after Myocardial Infarction.
Cardiac tissue damage due to myocardial infarction (MI) is one of the leading causes of mortality worldwide. The available treatments of MI include pharmaceutical therapy, medical device implants, and organ transplants, all of which have severe limitations including high invasiveness, scarcity of donor organs, thrombosis or stenosis of devices, immune rejection, and prolonged hospitalization time. Injectable hydrogels have emerged as a promising solution for in situ cardiac tissue repair in infarcted hearts after MI. In this review, an overview of various natural and synthetic hydrogels for potential application as injectable hydrogels in cardiac tissue repair and regeneration is presented. The review starts with brief discussions about the pathology of MI, its current clinical treatments and their limitations, and the emergence of injectable hydrogels as a potential solution for post MI cardiac regeneration. It then summarizes various hydrogels, their compositions, structures and properties for potential application in post MI cardiac repair, and recent advancements in the application of injectable hydrogels in treatment of MI. Finally, the current challenges associated with the clinical application of injectable hydrogels to MI and their potential solutions are discussed to help guide the future research on injectable hydrogels for translational therapeutic applications in regeneration of cardiac tissue after MI.
Center for Biomedical Engineering Department of Medicine Brigham and Women's Hospital Harvard Medical School Cambridge MA 02139 USA; Harvard-MIT Division of Health Sciences and Technology Massachusetts Institute of Technology Cambridge MA 02139 USA; Biomedical Engineering and Department of Mechanical Engineering Faculty of Engineering and Architecture American University of Beirut Beirut 1107 2020 Lebanon.
Anwarul
A
Hasan
Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Faculty of Engineering and Architecture American University of Beirut Beirut 1107 2020 Lebanon.
Ahmad
A
Khattab
Laboratory of Nanomedicine and Biomaterials Department of Anesthesiology Brigham and Women's Hospital Harvard Medical School Boston MA 02115 USA; Laboratory for Nanoengineering and Drug Delivery Brigham and Women's Hospital Harvard Medical School Boston MA 02115 USA.
Mohammad Ariful
MA
Islam
Department of Mechanical Engineering Faculty of Engineering and Architecture American University of Beirut Beirut 1107 2020 Lebanon.
Khaled Abou
KA
Hweij
Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Faculty of Engineering and Architecture American University of Beirut Beirut 1107 2020 Lebanon.
Joya
J
Zeitouny
BioIntel Research Laboratory Department of Chemical and Petroleum Engineering Bioengineering Graduate Program School of Engineering University of Kansas Lawrence KS 66045 USA.
Renae
R
Waters
Hamilton College Clinton NY 13323 USA.
Malek
M
Sayegh
Department of Medicine Lyell McEwin Hospital University of Adelaide South Australia 5112 Australia.
Md Monowar
MM
Hossain
BioIntel Research Laboratory Department of Chemical and Petroleum Engineering Bioengineering Graduate Program School of Engineering University of Kansas Lawrence KS 66045 USA.
Arghya
A
Paul
cardiac repair; hydrogels; myocardial infarction; regenerative medicine; stem cell; tissue engineering
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