Disclosing the Molecular Basis of the Postharvest Life of Berry in Different Grapevine Genotypes.
The molecular events that characterize postripening grapevine berries have rarely been investigated and are poorly defined. In particular, a detailed definition of changes occurring during the postharvest dehydration, a process undertaken to make some particularly special wine styles, would be of great interest for both winemakers and plant biologists. We report an exhaustive survey of transcriptomic and metabolomic responses in berries representing six grapevine genotypes subjected to postharvest dehydration under identical controlled conditions. The modulation of phenylpropanoid metabolism clearly distinguished the behavior of genotypes, with stilbene accumulation as the major metabolic event, although the transient accumulation/depletion of anthocyanins and flavonols was the prevalent variation in genotypes that do not accumulate stilbenes. The modulation of genes related to phenylpropanoid/stilbene metabolism highlighted the distinct metabolomic plasticity of genotypes, allowing for the identification of candidate structural and regulatory genes. In addition to genotype-specific responses, a core set of genes was consistently modulated in all genotypes, representing the common features of berries undergoing dehydration and/or commencing senescence. This included genes controlling ethylene and auxin metabolism as well as genes involved in oxidative and osmotic stress, defense responses, anaerobic respiration, and cell wall and carbohydrate metabolism. Several transcription factors were identified that may control these shared processes in the postharvest berry. Changes representing both common and genotype-specific responses to postharvest conditions shed light on the cellular processes taking place in harvested berries stored under dehydrating conditions for several months.
Biotechnology Department, University of Verona, 37134 Verona, Italy (S.Z., M.F., F.G., S.D.S., A.Am., A.An., M.C., S.C., L.A., M.P., G.B.T.); and.|The Australian Wine Research Institute, Glen Osmond, South Australia 5064, Australia (M.H.).
Sara
0000-0002-0496-8161
S
Zenoni
Biotechnology Department, University of Verona, 37134 Verona, Italy (S.Z., M.F., F.G., S.D.S., A.Am., A.An., M.C., S.C., L.A., M.P., G.B.T.); and.|The Australian Wine Research Institute, Glen Osmond, South Australia 5064, Australia (M.H.).
Marianna
M
Fasoli
Biotechnology Department, University of Verona, 37134 Verona, Italy (S.Z., M.F., F.G., S.D.S., A.Am., A.An., M.C., S.C., L.A., M.P., G.B.T.); and.|The Australian Wine Research Institute, Glen Osmond, South Australia 5064, Australia (M.H.).
Flavia
0000-0003-2946-1962
F
Guzzo
Biotechnology Department, University of Verona, 37134 Verona, Italy (S.Z., M.F., F.G., S.D.S., A.Am., A.An., M.C., S.C., L.A., M.P., G.B.T.); and.|The Australian Wine Research Institute, Glen Osmond, South Australia 5064, Australia (M.H.).
Silvia
0000-0001-5012-1140
S
Dal Santo
Biotechnology Department, University of Verona, 37134 Verona, Italy (S.Z., M.F., F.G., S.D.S., A.Am., A.An., M.C., S.C., L.A., M.P., G.B.T.); and.|The Australian Wine Research Institute, Glen Osmond, South Australia 5064, Australia (M.H.).
Alessandra
A
Amato
Biotechnology Department, University of Verona, 37134 Verona, Italy (S.Z., M.F., F.G., S.D.S., A.Am., A.An., M.C., S.C., L.A., M.P., G.B.T.); and.|The Australian Wine Research Institute, Glen Osmond, South Australia 5064, Australia (M.H.).
Andrea
A
Anesi
Biotechnology Department, University of Verona, 37134 Verona, Italy (S.Z., M.F., F.G., S.D.S., A.Am., A.An., M.C., S.C., L.A., M.P., G.B.T.); and.|The Australian Wine Research Institute, Glen Osmond, South Australia 5064, Australia (M.H.).
Mauro
0000-0001-6474-8577
M
Commisso
Biotechnology Department, University of Verona, 37134 Verona, Italy (S.Z., M.F., F.G., S.D.S., A.Am., A.An., M.C., S.C., L.A., M.P., G.B.T.); and.|The Australian Wine Research Institute, Glen Osmond, South Australia 5064, Australia (M.H.).
Markus
0000-0002-4136-8886
M
Herderich
Biotechnology Department, University of Verona, 37134 Verona, Italy (S.Z., M.F., F.G., S.D.S., A.Am., A.An., M.C., S.C., L.A., M.P., G.B.T.); and.|The Australian Wine Research Institute, Glen Osmond, South Australia 5064, Australia (M.H.).
Stefania
S
Ceoldo
Biotechnology Department, University of Verona, 37134 Verona, Italy (S.Z., M.F., F.G., S.D.S., A.Am., A.An., M.C., S.C., L.A., M.P., G.B.T.); and.|The Australian Wine Research Institute, Glen Osmond, South Australia 5064, Australia (M.H.).
Linda
L
Avesani
Biotechnology Department, University of Verona, 37134 Verona, Italy (S.Z., M.F., F.G., S.D.S., A.Am., A.An., M.C., S.C., L.A., M.P., G.B.T.); and.|The Australian Wine Research Institute, Glen Osmond, South Australia 5064, Australia (M.H.).
Mario
M
Pezzotti
Biotechnology Department, University of Verona, 37134 Verona, Italy (S.Z., M.F., F.G., S.D.S., A.Am., A.An., M.C., S.C., L.A., M.P., G.B.T.); and giovannibattista.tornielli@univr.it.|The Australian Wine Research Institute, Glen Osmond, South Australia 5064, Australia (M.H.) giovannibattista.tornielli@univr.it.
Giovanni Battista
0000-0001-5027-0269
GB
Tornielli
D003890:Desiccation; D005638:Fruit / Q000235:genetics* / Q000254:growth & development*; D018507:Gene Expression Regulation, Developmental; D018506:Gene Expression Regulation, Plant; D017343:Genes, Plant; D005838:Genotype; D055442:Metabolome / Q000235:genetics; D055432:Metabolomics; D025341:Principal Component Analysis; D020005:Propanols / Q000378:metabolism; D013267:Stilbenes / Q000378:metabolism; D059467:Transcriptome / Q000235:genetics; D027843:Vitis / Q000235:genetics* / Q000254:growth & development*
D020005:Propanols; D013267:Stilbenes; C439395:1-phenylpropanol
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