Solid-phase microextraction technology forin vitroandin vivometabolite analysis.
Analysis of endogenous metabolites in biological samples may lead to the identification of biomarkers in metabolomics studies. To achieve accurate sample analysis, a combined method of continuous quick sampling and extraction is required for online compound detection. Solid-phase microextraction (SPME) integrates sampling, extraction and concentration into a single solvent-free step for chemical analysis. SPME has a number of advantages, including simplicity, high sensitivity and a relatively non-invasive nature. In this article, we reviewed SPME technology inin vitroandin vivoanalyses of metabolites after the ingestion of herbal medicines, foods and pharmaceutical agents. The metabolites of microorganisms in dietary supplements and in the gastrointestinal tract will also be examined. As a promising technology in biomedical and pharmaceutical research, SPME and its future applications will depend on advances in analytical technologies and material science.
Department of Pharmacy, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, China.
Qihui
Q
Zhang
Department of Immunology, Basic Medical College, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China.
Liandi
L
Zhou
Department of Pharmacy, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, China.
Hua
H
Chen
Tang Center for Herbal Medicine Research and Department of Anesthesia & Critical Care, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, U.S.A.
Chong-Zhi
CZ
Wang
Department of Pharmacy, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, China.
Zhining
Z
Xia
Tang Center for Herbal Medicine Research and Department of Anesthesia & Critical Care, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, U.S.A.
Chun-Su
CS
Yuan
Solid-phase microextraction; endogenous metabolite; medical diagnosis; metabolomics; microorganisms; pharmaceuticals
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