Atmospheric Pressure Plasma Jet as an Accelerator of Tooth Bleaching.
OBJECTIVE
To study the effect of atmospheric pressure plasma (APP) jet as a potential accelerator of the degradation of hydrogen peroxide in bleaching gels which could lead to better and faster bleaching.


METHODS
25 pastilles of hydroxylapatite were colored in green tea for 8 hours and were randomly divided into five groups (n = 5). The bleaching process was performed with 30% and 40% hydrogen peroxide (HP) gel alone and in conjunction with helium APP jet. During the bleaching treatment, optical emission spectroscopy and non-contact surface temperature measurement using pyrometer were performed. Color of the pastilles was determined by a red-green-blue (RGB) colorimeter. PH values of bleaching gels were measured before and after the plasma treatment on additional 10 pastilles using a pH meter with contact pH electrode.


RESULTS
The color measurements of pastilles before and after the treatment showed that treatment with APP jet improved the bleaching effect by 32% and 15% in the case of 30% and 40% HP gel. Better results were obtained approximately six times faster than with a procedure suggested by the bleaching gel manufacturer. Optical emission spectroscopy proved that plasma has a chemically active role on the gel. After the APP treatment, pH values of bleaching gels dropped to about 50-75% of their initial value while the surface temperature increased by 8-10˚C above baseline.


CONCLUSIONS
The use of plasma jet provides more effective bleaching results in a shorter period of time without a significant temperature increase which may cause damage of the surrounding tissue.
Community Health Center, Runjaninova 4, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia Institute of Physics, Bijenicka 46, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia.
Vedran
V
Santak
Community Health Center, Runjaninova 4, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia Institute of Physics, Bijenicka 46, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia.
Rok
R
Zaplotnik
Institute of Physics, Bijenička 46, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia.
Slobodan
S
Milosevic
Department of Endodontics and Restorative Dentistry, School of Dental Medicine,  University of Zagreb, Gunduliceva 5, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia.
Eva
E
Klaric
Department of Endodontics and Restorative Dentistry, School of Dental Medicine,  University of Zagreb, Gunduliceva 5, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia.
Zrinka
Z
Tarle
Atmospheric Pressure Plasma Jet; Hydrogen Peroxide; Tooth Bleaching
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