Effects of voluntary exercise on structure and function of cortical microvasculature.
Aerobic activity has been shown highly beneficial to brain health, yet much uncertainty still surrounds the effects of exercise on the functioning of cerebral microvasculature. This study used two-photon fluorescence microscopy to examine cerebral hemodynamic alterations as well as accompanying geometric changes in the cortical microvascular network following five weeks of voluntary exercise in transgenic mice endogenously expressing tdTomato in vascular endothelial cells to allow visualization of microvessels irrespective of their perfusion levels. We found a diminished microvascular response to a hypercapnic challenge (10% FiCO2) in running mice when compared to that in nonrunning controls despite commensurate increases in transcutaneous CO2tension. The flow increase to hypercapnia in runners was 70% lower than that in nonrunners (p = 0.0070) and the runners' arteriolar red blood cell speed changed by only half the amount seen in nonrunners (p = 0.0085). No changes were seen in resting hemodynamics or in the systemic physiological parameters measured. Although a few unperfused new vessels were observed on visual inspection, running did not produce significant morphological differences in the microvascular morphometric parameters, quantified following semiautomated tracking of the microvascular networks. We propose that voluntary running led to increased cortical microvascular efficiency and desensitization to CO2elevation.
1 Sunnybrook Research Institute, Toronto, Canada.
Adrienne
A
Dorr
1 Sunnybrook Research Institute, Toronto, Canada.
Lynsie Am
LA
Thomason
1 Sunnybrook Research Institute, Toronto, Canada.
Margaret M
MM
Koletar
1 Sunnybrook Research Institute, Toronto, Canada.|2 Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada.
Illsung L
IL
Joo
2 Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada.|3 Mouse Imaging Centre, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Canada.
Joe
J
Steinman
3 Mouse Imaging Centre, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Canada.
Lindsay S
LS
Cahill
2 Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada.|3 Mouse Imaging Centre, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Canada.
John G
JG
Sled
1 Sunnybrook Research Institute, Toronto, Canada.|2 Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada.
Bojana
B
Stefanovic
D000818:Animals; D002540:Cerebral Cortex / Q000098:blood supply*; D002560:Cerebrovascular Circulation; D006439:Hemodynamics; D006935:Hypercapnia / Q000503:physiopathology; D051379:Mice; D008822:Mice, Transgenic; D008856:Microscopy, Fluorescence / Q000379:methods; D010805:Physical Conditioning, Animal / Q000502:physiology*; D012420:Running / Q000502:physiology
Exercise; brain imaging; cerebral hemodynamics; cranial windows; two-photon microscopy
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