Respiratory viruses and influenza-like illness: Epidemiology and outcomes in children aged 6 months to 10 years in a multi-country population sample.
Better population data on respiratory viruses in children in tropical and southern hemisphere countries is needed.



The epidemiology of respiratory viruses among healthy children (6 months to <10 years) with influenza-like illness (ILI) was determined in a population sample derived from an influenza vaccine trial (NCT01051661) in 17 centers in eight countries (Australia, South East Asia and Latin America). Active surveillance for ILI was conducted for approximately 1 year (between February 2010 and August 2011), with PCR analysis of nasal and throat swabs.



6266 children were included, of whom 2421 experienced 3717 ILI episodes. Rhinovirus/enterovirus had the highest prevalence (41.5%), followed by influenza (15.8%), adenovirus (9.8%), parainfluenza and respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) (both 9.7%), coronavirus (5.6%), human metapneumovirus (5.5%) and human bocavirus (HBov) (2.0%). Corresponding incidence per 100 person-years was 29.78, 11.34, 7.03, 6.96, 6.94, 4.00, 3.98 and 1.41. Except for influenza, respiratory virus prevalence declined with age. The incidence of medically-attended ILI associated with viral infection ranged from 1.03 (HBov) to 23.69 (rhinovirus/enterovirus). The percentage of children missing school or daycare ranged from 21.4% (HBov) to 52.1% (influenza).



Active surveillance of healthy children provided evidence of respiratory illness burden associated with several viruses, with a substantial burden in older children.
GSK Vaccines, Wavre, Belgium. Electronic address: sylvia.m.taylor@GSK.com.
Sylvia
S
Taylor
Centro de Estudios en Infectologia Pediatrica, Cali, Colombia.
Pio
P
Lopez
Pediatric Infectious Diseases, Department of Pediatrics, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.
Lily
L
Weckx
Research Institute for Tropical Medicine, Department of Health, Alabang, Muntinlupa City, Philippines.
Charissa
C
Borja-Tabora
Instituto Costarricense de Investigaciones Clínicas, San José, Costa Rica.
Rolando
R
Ulloa-Gutierrez
National Institute of Public Health of Mexico, Cuernavaca Morelos, Mexico.
Eduardo
E
Lazcano-Ponce
Infectious Diseases Unit, Department of Pediatrics, Phramongkutklao Hospital, Thailand.
Angkool
A
Kerdpanich
Instituto Nacional de Pediatría de Mexico, Mexico.
Miguel
M
Angel Rodriguez Weber
Servicios Medicos Universidad Autonoma de Nuevo Leon, Monterrey, Mexico.
Abiel
A
Mascareñas de Los Santos
Hospital General de Durango, Durango, Mexico.
Juan-Carlos
JC
Tinoco
Faculdade de Ciências Médicas da Santa Casa de São Paulo and Associação Fundo de Incentivo à Pesquisa, Department of Pediatrics, São Paulo, Brazil.
Marco Aurelio P
MA
Safadi
National Healthcare Group Polyclinics, National University of Singapore, Singapore.
Fong Seng
FS
Lim
Instituto Costarricense de Investigaciones Clínicas, San José, Costa Rica.
Marcela
M
Hernandez-de Mezerville
Instituto Costarricense de Investigaciones Clínicas, San José, Costa Rica.
Idis
I
Faingezicht
National Institute of Public Health of Mexico, Cuernavaca Morelos, Mexico.
Aurelio
A
Cruz-Valdez
GSK Vaccines, Wavre, Belgium.
Yang
Y
Feng
GSK Vaccines, King of Prussia, PA, USA.
Ping
P
Li
GSK Vaccines, Wavre, Belgium.
Serge
S
Durviaux
GSK Vaccines, Wavre, Belgium.
Gerco
G
Haars
GSK Vaccines, King of Prussia, PA, USA.
Sumita
S
Roy-Ghanta
GSK Vaccines, King of Prussia, PA, USA.
David W
DW
Vaughn
Murdoch Children's Research Institute and Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, University of Melbourne, Carlton, Victoria, Australia.
Terry
T
Nolan
D001315:Australia / Q000453:epidemiology; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D017934:Coronavirus / Q000235:genetics / Q000302:isolation & purification; D018352:Coronavirus Infections / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000821:virology; D005260:Female; D064368:Healthy Volunteers; D006801:Humans; D015994:Incidence; D007223:Infant; D007251:Influenza, Human / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000821:virology; D038622:Internationality; D008297:Male; D029121:Metapneumovirus / Q000235:genetics / Q000302:isolation & purification; D018184:Paramyxoviridae Infections / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000821:virology; D010850:Picornaviridae Infections / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000821:virology; D016133:Polymerase Chain Reaction; D011159:Population Surveillance; D012136:Respiratory Syncytial Viruses / Q000235:genetics / Q000302:isolation & purification; D012141:Respiratory Tract Infections / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000821:virology; D012229:Rhinovirus / Q000235:genetics / Q000302:isolation & purification; D014777:Virus Diseases / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000821:virology
Active surveillance; Healthy children; Incidence; Influenza-like illness; Prevalence; Respiratory viruses
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