Butyrolactone I Quantification from Lovastatin Producing Aspergillus terreus Using Tandem Mass Spectrometry-Evidence of Signalling Functions.
Aspergillus terreus is an industrially important filamentous fungus producing a wide spectrum of secondary metabolites, including lovastatin and itaconic acid. It also produces butyrolactone I which has shown potential as an antitumour agent. Additionally, butyrolactone I has been implicated to have a regulating role in the secondary metabolism and morphology of A. terreus. In this study, a quantitative time-course liquid chromatography-electrospray ionisation-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-ESI-MS-MS) analysis of butyrolactone I is reported for the first time in nine-day long submerged cultures of A. terreus. Butyrolactone I was fragmented in the mass analysis producing a reproducible fragmentation pattern of four main daughter ions (m/z 307, 331, 363 and 393) in all the samples tested. Supplementing the cultures with 100 nM butyrolactone I caused a statistically significant increase (up to two-fold) in its production, regardless of the growth stage but was constitutive when butyrolactone I was added at high cell density during the stationary phase. Furthermore, the extracellular butyrolactone I concentration peaked at 48 h post inoculation, showing a similar profile as has been reported for bacterial quorum sensing molecules. Taken together, the results support the idea of butyrolactone I as a quorum sensing molecule in A. terreus.
Biochemistry, Department of Biosciences, Åbo Akademi University, Artillerigatan 6, Åbo FI-20520, Finland. elina.palonen@abo.fi.|Turku Centre for Biotechnology, University of Turku and Åbo Akademi University, Artillerigatan 6, Åbo FI-20520, Finland. elina.palonen@abo.fi.
Elina K
EK
Palonen
Biochemistry, Department of Biosciences, Åbo Akademi University, Artillerigatan 6, Åbo FI-20520, Finland. mneffling@gmail.com.
Milla-Riina
MR
Neffling
School of Life Sciences, University of Westminster, London W1W 6UW, UK. s.raina01@gmail.com.
Sheetal
S
Raina
Biochemistry, Department of Biosciences, Åbo Akademi University, Artillerigatan 6, Åbo FI-20520, Finland. annika.brandt@abo.fi.|Turku Centre for Biotechnology, University of Turku and Åbo Akademi University, Artillerigatan 6, Åbo FI-20520, Finland. annika.brandt@abo.fi.
Annika
A
Brandt
School of Life Sciences, University of Westminster, London W1W 6UW, UK. T.Keshavarz@westminster.ac.uk.
Tajalli
T
Keshavarz
Biochemistry, Department of Biosciences, Åbo Akademi University, Artillerigatan 6, Åbo FI-20520, Finland. jussi.meriluoto@abo.fi.
Jussi
J
Meriluoto
Turku Centre for Biotechnology, University of Turku and Åbo Akademi University, Artillerigatan 6, Åbo FI-20520, Finland. juhani.soini@turkuamk.fi.|Faculty of Life Sciences and Business, Turku University of Applied Sciences, Lemminkäinengatan 30, Åbo FI-20520, Finland. juhani.soini@turkuamk.fi.
Juhani
J
Soini
Aspergillus terreus; HPLC; LC-ESI-MS-MS; butyrolactone I; quorum sensing; secondary metabolism; signalling
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