Multiparametric imaging of brain hemodynamics and function using gas-inhalation MRI.
Diagnosis and treatment monitoring of cerebrovascular diseases routinely require hemodynamic imaging of the brain. Current methods either only provide part of the desired information or require the injection of multiple exogenous agents. In this study, we developed a multiparametric imaging scheme for the imaging of brain hemodynamics and function using gas-inhalation MRI. The proposed technique uses a single MRI scan to provide simultaneous measurements of baseline venous cerebral blood volume (vCBV), cerebrovascular reactivity (CVR), bolus arrival time (BAT), and resting-state functional connectivity (fcMRI). This was achieved with a novel, concomitant O2and CO2gas inhalation paradigm, rapid MRI image acquisition with a 9.3min BOLD sequence, and an advanced algorithm to extract multiple hemodynamic information from the same dataset. In healthy subjects, CVR and vCBV values were 0.23±0.03%/mmHg and 0.0056±0.0006%/mmHg, respectively, with a strong correlation (r=0.96 for CVR and r=0.91 for vCBV) with more conventional, separate acquisitions that take twice the scan time. In patients with Moyamoya syndrome, CVR in the stenosis-affected flow territories (typically anterior-cerebral-artery, ACA, and middle-cerebral-artery, MCA, territories) was significantly lower than that in posterior-cerebral-artery (PCA), which typically has minimal stenosis, flow territories (0.12±0.06%/mmHg vs. 0.21±0.05%/mmHg, p<0.001). BAT of the gas bolus was significantly longer (p=0.008) in ACA/MCA territories, compared to PCA, and the maps were consistent with the conventional contrast-enhanced CT perfusion method. FcMRI networks were robustly identified from the gas-inhalation MRI data after factoring out the influence of CO2and O2on the signal time course. The spatial correspondence between the gas-data-derived fcMRI maps and those using a separate, conventional fcMRI scan was excellent, showing a spatial correlation of 0.58±0.17 and 0.64±0.20 for default mode network and primary visual network, respectively. These findings suggest that advanced gas-inhalation MRI provides reliable measurements of multiple hemodynamic parameters within a clinically acceptable imaging time and is suitable for patient examinations.
Department of Radiology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21287, United States.
Peiying
P
Liu
Department of Neurological Surgery, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, United States; Department of Radiology, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, United States.
Babu G
BG
Welch
Department of Radiology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21287, United States; Biomedical Engineering Graduate Program, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, United States.
Yang
Y
Li
Neuroimaging Research Branch, National Institute on Drug Abuse, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD 21224, United States.
Hong
H
Gu
Department of Neurological Surgery, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, United States.
Darlene
D
King
Neuroimaging Research Branch, National Institute on Drug Abuse, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD 21224, United States.
Yihong
Y
Yang
Department of Radiology, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, United States.
Marco
M
Pinho
Department of Radiology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21287, United States. Electronic address: hanzhang.lu@jhu.edu.
Hanzhang
H
Lu
D000328:Adult; D001921:Brain / Q000098:blood supply* / Q000502:physiology*; D001931:Brain Mapping / Q000379:methods*; D002245:Carbon Dioxide / Q000008:administration & dosage; D005260:Female; D006439:Hemodynamics; D006801:Humans; D007091:Image Processing, Computer-Assisted; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009072:Moyamoya Disease / Q000503:physiopathology; D010100:Oxygen / Q000008:administration & dosage; D012815:Signal Processing, Computer-Assisted; D055815:Young Adult
D002245:Carbon Dioxide; D010100:Oxygen
Bolus arrival time; Cerebrovascular reactivity; Hypercapnia; Hyperoxia; Resting-state functional connectivity; Venous cerebral blood volume
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