Assessing Urban Wastewater System Upgrades Using Integrated Modeling, Life Cycle Analysis, and Shadow Pricing.
This study assesses the environmental impacts of four measures proposed for upgrading of the urban wastewater system of Eindhoven and the Dommel River in The Netherlands, against the base case, "do-nothing" option. The measures aim to reduce the overall environmental impact of the Eindhoven urban wastewater system (UWS) by targeting river dissolved oxygen depletion and ammonia peaks, reducing combined sewer overflows, and enhancing nutrient removal. The measures are evaluated using a life cycle analysis with the boundaries including the receiving river section by means of an integrated model of the UWS. An uncertainty analysis of the estimated impacts has been performed to support the outcomes. The study also uses the economic concept of shadow prices to assign relative weights of socio-economic importance to the estimated life cycle impacts. This novel integration of tools complements the assessments of this UWS with the inclusion of long-term global environmental impacts and the investigation of trade-offs between different environmental impacts through a single monetary unit. The results support the selection of deeper clarifiers as the most environmentally beneficial measure for upgrade.
Laboratory of Chemical and Environmental Engineering (LEQUIA), Institute of the Environment, Universitat de Girona , Campus Montilivi, s/n, 17071 Girona, Spain.
Antonia
A
Hadjimichael
Laboratory of Chemical and Environmental Engineering (LEQUIA), Institute of the Environment, Universitat de Girona , Campus Montilivi, s/n, 17071 Girona, Spain.
Serni
S
Morera
WATERWAYS d.o.o., Gornji Vukojevac 10A, 44272 Lekenik, Croatia.
Lorenzo
L
Benedetti
Waterboard De Dommel, PO Box 10.001, 5280 DA Boxtel, The Netherlands.
Tony
T
Flameling
Catalan Institute for Water Research (ICRA), Emili Grahit 101, Parc Científic i Tecnològic de la UdG , 17003 Girona, Spain.
Lluís
L
Corominas
Waterboard De Dommel, PO Box 10.001, 5280 DA Boxtel, The Netherlands.
Stefan
S
Weijers
Laboratory of Chemical and Environmental Engineering (LEQUIA), Institute of the Environment, Universitat de Girona , Campus Montilivi, s/n, 17071 Girona, Spain.|Catalan Institute for Water Research (ICRA), Emili Grahit 101, Parc Científic i Tecnològic de la UdG , 17003 Girona, Spain.
Joaquim
J
Comas
D008018:Life Cycle Stages; D008962:Models, Theoretical; D045483:Rivers; D014865:Waste Disposal, Fluid; D062065:Wastewater
D062065:Wastewater