Risk-Based Prioritization Method for the Classification of Groundwater Pollution from Hazardous Waste Landfills.
Hazardous waste landfill sites are a significant source of groundwater pollution. To ensure that these landfills with a significantly high risk of groundwater contamination are properly managed, a risk-based ranking method related to groundwater contamination is needed. In this research, a risk-based prioritization method for the classification of groundwater pollution from hazardous waste landfills was established. The method encompasses five phases, including risk pre-screening, indicator selection, characterization, classification and, lastly, validation. In the risk ranking index system employed here, 14 indicators involving hazardous waste landfills and migration in the vadose zone as well as aquifer were selected. The boundary of each indicator was determined by K-means cluster analysis and the weight of each indicator was calculated by principal component analysis. These methods were applied to 37 hazardous waste landfills in China. The result showed that the risk for groundwater contamination from hazardous waste landfills could be ranked into three classes from low to high risk. In all, 62.2 % of the hazardous waste landfill sites were classified in the low and medium risk classes. The process simulation method and standardized anomalies were used to validate the result of risk ranking; the results were consistent with the simulated results related to the characteristics of contamination. The risk ranking method was feasible, valid and can provide reference data related to risk management for groundwater contamination at hazardous waste landfill sites.
A State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing, 100012, China.
Yu
Y
Yang
State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Simulation and Control of Groundwater Pollution, Beijing, 100012, China.
Yong-Hai
YH
Jiang
Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, No.8 Dayangfang, Anwai, Beijing, 100012, P.R. China.
Xin-Ying
XY
Lian
A State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing, 100012, China. xibeidou406@126.com.
Bei-Dou
BD
Xi
State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Simulation and Control of Groundwater Pollution, Beijing, 100012, China.
Zhi-Fei
ZF
Ma
Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, No.8 Dayangfang, Anwai, Beijing, 100012, P.R. China.
Xiang-Jian
XJ
Xu
A State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing, 100012, China.
Da
D
An
D002681:China; D016000:Cluster Analysis; D060587:Groundwater / Q000032:analysis*; D006256:Hazardous Waste / Q000032:analysis*; D025341:Principal Component Analysis; D012037:Refuse Disposal / Q000379:methods; D018570:Risk Assessment; D064091:Waste Disposal Facilities; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical / Q000032:analysis*
D006256:Hazardous Waste; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical
Cluster analysis; Component analysis; Groundwater; Hazardous waste landfill; Principal; Risk ranking
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