Prevalence and Clinical Significance of an E-Reversal Wave in the Left Ventricular Outflow Tract.
Diastolic waves are commonly seen in the left ventricular outflow tract on echocardiography. This work focuses on the E-reversal wave (Er) that occurs early in diastole, shortly after the mitral E wave. Factors associated with Er presence and velocity were investigated in a broad patient sample: 100 subjects with normal ejection fraction (EF >55%) and 100 subjects with reduced EF (<45%). Er presence was noted in 58% of the total cohort and correlated inversely with age. It was more common with normal EF (70% vs 45%, p = 0.0005) and was associated with higher mitral E velocity (78.3 ± 23.3 vs 68.4 ± 19.0 cm/s; p = 0.002) and septal e' velocity (6.7 ± 2.5 vs 5.3 ± 2.3 cm/s; p <0.0001). Er velocity was higher in the normal EF group (50 ± 18 vs 34 ± 13 cm/s, p <0.0001) and showed moderate correlation with septal e' velocity (r = 0.43; p <0.0001); 56 subjects experienced major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE) over 1.7 ± 0.3 years of follow-up. Those with an Er had less MACE (particularly heart failure), even after adjustment for multiple clinical and echocardiographic variables (OR 0.28, 95% CI 0.11 to 0.65; p = 0.003). When stratified by EF, the association between Er presence and MACE was significant only in the low EF group. Thus, Er occurs more commonly in younger subjects and those with preserved EF. It is associated with less MACE although this effect appears to be limited to patients with reduced EF.
Heart and Vascular Institute, Division of Cardiology, Einstein Medical Center, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. Electronic address: pressmang@einstein.edu.
Gregg S
GS
Pressman
International Clinical Research Center, St. Anne's University Hospital, Brno, Czech Republic.
Magdalena
M
Matejkova
Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, Drexel University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.
Jay C
JC
Horrow
Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, University of California School of Medicine, Riverside, California.
Ramdas G
RG
Pai
D001783:Blood Flow Velocity / Q000502:physiology*; D003971:Diastole; D018619:Echocardiography, Doppler, Pulsed / Q000379:methods*; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006352:Heart Ventricles / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000503:physiopathology; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D015995:Prevalence; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D013318:Stroke Volume; D013599:Systole; D018487:Ventricular Dysfunction, Left / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000503:physiopathology; D016277:Ventricular Function, Left / Q000502:physiology*