The family health, functioning, social support and child maltreatment risk of families expecting a baby.
OBJECTIVE
To describe the family health, functioning, social support and child maltreatment risk and associations between them in families expecting a baby.


BACKGROUND
Finland was one of the first countries in banning corporal punishment against children over 30 years ago. Despite of this, studies have shown that parents physically abuse their children. In addition, professionals struggle in intervention of this phenomenon. Abusive parents should be recognised and helped before actual violent behaviour.


METHODS
A follow-up case-control study, with a supportive intervention in the case group (families with a heightened risk) in maternity and child welfare clinics. The baseline results of families are described here.


METHODS
Child maltreatment risk in families expecting a baby was measured by Child Abuse Potential Inventory. The health and functioning was measured by Family Health, Functioning and Social Support Scale. Data included 380 families.


RESULTS
A total of 78 families had increased risk for child maltreatment. Heightened risk was associated with partners' age, mothers' education, partners' father's mental health problems, mothers' worry about partners' drinking and mothers' difficulties in talking about the family's problems. Risk was associated with family functioning and health. Families with risk received a less support from maternity clinics. Families with child maltreatment risk and related factors were found.


CONCLUSIONS
This knowledge can be applied for supporting families both during pregnancy and after the baby is born. Professionals working with families in maternity clinics need tools to recognise families with risk and aid a discussion with them about the family life situation. The Child Abuse Potential, as a part of evaluating the family life situation, seems to prove a useful tool in identifying families at risk.


CONCLUSIONS
The results offer a valid and useful tool for recognising families with risk and provide knowledge about high-risk family situations.
Pirkanmaa Hospital District, Tampere, Finland.|School of Health Sciences, Nursing Sciences, University of Tampere, Tampere, Finland.
Sari
S
Lepistö
School of Social Sciences and Humanities, University of Tampere, Tampere, Finland.
Noora
N
Ellonen
School of Health Sciences, University of Tampere, Tampere, Finland.|Science Centre, Pirkanmaa Hospital District, Tampere, Finland.
Mika
M
Helminen
School of Health Sciences, Nursing Science, Etelä-Pohjanmaa Hospital District, University of Tampere, Tampere, Finland.
Eija
E
Paavilainen
D000328:Adult; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D002648:Child; D002649:Child Abuse / Q000523:psychology*; D003866:Depressive Disorder / Q000451:nursing / Q000523:psychology*; D005190:Family; D005195:Family Relations; D005260:Female; D005387:Finland; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D000068101:Maternal-Child Health Services; D018743:Perinatal Care; D011247:Pregnancy; D011248:Pregnancy Complications / Q000451:nursing / Q000523:psychology*; D011594:Psychometrics; D012307:Risk Factors; D012944:Social Support; D055815:Young Adult
domestic violence; family; family health; risk assessment