Impact of in Vivo High-Field-Strength and Ultra-High-Field-Strength MR Imaging on DNA Double-Strand-Break Formation in Human Lymphocytes.
Purpose To determine the impact of different magnetic field strengths (1, 1.5, 3, and 7 T) and the effect of contrast agent on DNA double-strand-break (DSB) formation in patients undergoing magnetic resonance (MR) imaging. Materials and Methods This in vivo study was approved by the local ethics committee, and written informed consent was obtained from each patient. To analyze the level of DNA DSBs, peripheral blood mononuclear cells were isolated from blood samples drawn directly before, as well as 5 minutes and 30 minutes after MR imaging examination. After performing γH2AX immunofluorescence staining, DSBs were quantified with automated digital microscopy. MR group consisted of 43 patients (22 women, 21 men; mean age, 46.1 years; range, 20-77 years) and was further subdivided according to the applied field strength and administration of contrast agent. Additionally, 10 patients undergoing either unenhanced or contrast material-enhanced computed tomography (CT) served as positive control subjects. Statistical analysis was performed with Friedman test. Results Whereas DSBs in lymphocytes increased after CT exposure (before MR imaging: 0.14 foci per cell ± 0.05; 5 minutes after: 0.26 foci per cell ± 0.07; 30 minutes after: 0.24 foci per cell ± 0.07; P ≤ .05), no alterations were observed in patients examined with MR imaging (before MR imaging: 0.13 foci per cell ± 0.02; 5 minutes after: 0.12 foci per cell ± 0.02; 30 minutes after: 0.11 foci per cell ± 0.02; P > .05). Differentiated analysis of MR imaging subgroups again revealed no significant changes in γH2AX level. Conclusion Analysis of γH2AX foci showed no evidence of DSB induction after MR examination, independent of the applied field strength and administration of gadolinium-based contrast agent.
From the Institute of Molecular and Clinical Immunology (A.R., D. Reinhold); Department of Biomedical Magnetic Resonance (M.F., O.S.); and Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine (J.R., B.F.), Otto von Guericke University Magdeburg, Leipziger Str 44, 39120 Magdeburg, Germany; Medipan, Berlin, Germany (D. Roggenbuck); Institute of Biotechnology, Brandenburg University of Technology Cottbus-Senftenberg, Senftenberg, Germany (D. Roggenbuck); Leibniz Institute for Neurobiology, Magdeburg, Germany (O.S.); Center for Behavioral Brain Sciences, Magdeburg, Germany (O.S.); and German Center for Neurodegenerative Disease, Site Magdeburg, Magdeburg, Germany (O.S.).
Annika
A
Reddig
From the Institute of Molecular and Clinical Immunology (A.R., D. Reinhold); Department of Biomedical Magnetic Resonance (M.F., O.S.); and Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine (J.R., B.F.), Otto von Guericke University Magdeburg, Leipziger Str 44, 39120 Magdeburg, Germany; Medipan, Berlin, Germany (D. Roggenbuck); Institute of Biotechnology, Brandenburg University of Technology Cottbus-Senftenberg, Senftenberg, Germany (D. Roggenbuck); Leibniz Institute for Neurobiology, Magdeburg, Germany (O.S.); Center for Behavioral Brain Sciences, Magdeburg, Germany (O.S.); and German Center for Neurodegenerative Disease, Site Magdeburg, Magdeburg, Germany (O.S.).
Mahsa
M
Fatahi
From the Institute of Molecular and Clinical Immunology (A.R., D. Reinhold); Department of Biomedical Magnetic Resonance (M.F., O.S.); and Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine (J.R., B.F.), Otto von Guericke University Magdeburg, Leipziger Str 44, 39120 Magdeburg, Germany; Medipan, Berlin, Germany (D. Roggenbuck); Institute of Biotechnology, Brandenburg University of Technology Cottbus-Senftenberg, Senftenberg, Germany (D. Roggenbuck); Leibniz Institute for Neurobiology, Magdeburg, Germany (O.S.); Center for Behavioral Brain Sciences, Magdeburg, Germany (O.S.); and German Center for Neurodegenerative Disease, Site Magdeburg, Magdeburg, Germany (O.S.).
Dirk
D
Roggenbuck
From the Institute of Molecular and Clinical Immunology (A.R., D. Reinhold); Department of Biomedical Magnetic Resonance (M.F., O.S.); and Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine (J.R., B.F.), Otto von Guericke University Magdeburg, Leipziger Str 44, 39120 Magdeburg, Germany; Medipan, Berlin, Germany (D. Roggenbuck); Institute of Biotechnology, Brandenburg University of Technology Cottbus-Senftenberg, Senftenberg, Germany (D. Roggenbuck); Leibniz Institute for Neurobiology, Magdeburg, Germany (O.S.); Center for Behavioral Brain Sciences, Magdeburg, Germany (O.S.); and German Center for Neurodegenerative Disease, Site Magdeburg, Magdeburg, Germany (O.S.).
Jens
J
Ricke
From the Institute of Molecular and Clinical Immunology (A.R., D. Reinhold); Department of Biomedical Magnetic Resonance (M.F., O.S.); and Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine (J.R., B.F.), Otto von Guericke University Magdeburg, Leipziger Str 44, 39120 Magdeburg, Germany; Medipan, Berlin, Germany (D. Roggenbuck); Institute of Biotechnology, Brandenburg University of Technology Cottbus-Senftenberg, Senftenberg, Germany (D. Roggenbuck); Leibniz Institute for Neurobiology, Magdeburg, Germany (O.S.); Center for Behavioral Brain Sciences, Magdeburg, Germany (O.S.); and German Center for Neurodegenerative Disease, Site Magdeburg, Magdeburg, Germany (O.S.).
Dirk
D
Reinhold
From the Institute of Molecular and Clinical Immunology (A.R., D. Reinhold); Department of Biomedical Magnetic Resonance (M.F., O.S.); and Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine (J.R., B.F.), Otto von Guericke University Magdeburg, Leipziger Str 44, 39120 Magdeburg, Germany; Medipan, Berlin, Germany (D. Roggenbuck); Institute of Biotechnology, Brandenburg University of Technology Cottbus-Senftenberg, Senftenberg, Germany (D. Roggenbuck); Leibniz Institute for Neurobiology, Magdeburg, Germany (O.S.); Center for Behavioral Brain Sciences, Magdeburg, Germany (O.S.); and German Center for Neurodegenerative Disease, Site Magdeburg, Magdeburg, Germany (O.S.).
Oliver
O
Speck
From the Institute of Molecular and Clinical Immunology (A.R., D. Reinhold); Department of Biomedical Magnetic Resonance (M.F., O.S.); and Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine (J.R., B.F.), Otto von Guericke University Magdeburg, Leipziger Str 44, 39120 Magdeburg, Germany; Medipan, Berlin, Germany (D. Roggenbuck); Institute of Biotechnology, Brandenburg University of Technology Cottbus-Senftenberg, Senftenberg, Germany (D. Roggenbuck); Leibniz Institute for Neurobiology, Magdeburg, Germany (O.S.); Center for Behavioral Brain Sciences, Magdeburg, Germany (O.S.); and German Center for Neurodegenerative Disease, Site Magdeburg, Magdeburg, Germany (O.S.).
Björn
B
Friebe
D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D003287:Contrast Media; D053903:DNA Breaks, Double-Stranded; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007089:Image Enhancement / Q000379:methods; D007963:Leukocytes, Mononuclear; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging / Q000379:methods*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009942:Organometallic Compounds; D055815:Young Adult
D003287:Contrast Media; D009942:Organometallic Compounds; C090600:gadobutrol