Autoimmunity-Basics and link with periodontal disease.
Autoimmune reactions reflect an imbalance between effector and regulatory immune responses, typically develop through stages of initiation and propagation, and often show phases of resolution (indicated by clinical remissions) and exacerbations (indicated by symptomatic flares). The fundamental underlying mechanism of autoimmunity is defective elimination and/or control of self-reactive lymphocytes. Periodontal diseases are characterized by inflammatory conditions that directly affect teeth-supporting structures, which are the major cause of tooth loss. Several studies have demonstrated the involvement of autoimmune responses in periodontal disease. Evidence of involvement of immunopathology has been reported in periodontal disease. Bacteria in the dental plaque induce antibody formation. Autoreactive T-cells, natural killer cells, ANCA, heat shock proteins, autoantibodies, and genetic factors are reported to have an important role in the autoimmune component of periodontal disease. The present review describes the involvement of autoimmune responses in periodontal diseases and also the mechanisms underlying these responses.
Department of Periodontology and Oral Implantology, Genesis Institute of Dental Sciences and Research, Punjab. Electronic address: doctorgagandeep@gmail.com.
Gagandeep
G
Kaur
Department of Periodontology and Oral Implantology, Laxmi Bai Dental College and Hospital, Patiala, Punjab, India. Electronic address: mohindrakanika@gmail.com.
Kanika
K
Mohindra
Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Adesh Institute of Dental Sciences and Research, Bathinda, Punjab, India. Electronic address: shifali88@gmail.com.
Shifali
S
Singla
D000818:Animals; D001323:Autoantibodies / Q000502:physiology; D015551:Autoimmunity; D001426:Bacterial Proteins / Q000276:immunology; D006360:Heat-Shock Proteins / Q000276:immunology; D006801:Humans; D055611:Natural Killer T-Cells / Q000276:immunology; D010510:Periodontal Diseases / Q000276:immunology* / Q000382:microbiology
D001323:Autoantibodies; D001426:Bacterial Proteins; D006360:Heat-Shock Proteins
Antibodies; Autoimmunity; Immunopathology; Periodontal disease