Comparative Transcriptome Analysis Reveals that a Ubiquitin-Mediated Proteolysis Pathway Is Important for Primary and Secondary Hair Follicle Development in Cashmere Goats.
BACKGROUND
The fleece of cashmere goats contains two distinct populations of fibers, a short and fine non-medullated insulating cashmere fiber and a long and coarse medullated guard hair. The former is produced by secondary follicles (SFs) and the later by primary follicles (PFs). Evidence suggests that the induction of PFs and SFs may require different signaling pathways. The regulation of BMP2/4 signaling by noggin and Edar signaling via Downless genes are essential for the induction of SFs and PFs, respectively. However, these differently expressed genes of the signaling pathway cannot directly distinguish between the PFs and SFs.


RESULTS
In this study, we selected RNA samples from 11 PFs and 7 SFs that included 145,525 exons. The pathway analysis of 4512 differentially expressed exons revealed that the most statistically significant metabolic pathway was related to the ubiquitin-mediated proteolysis pathway (UMPP) (P<3.32x 10-7). In addition, the 51 exons of the UMPP that were differentially expressed between the different types of hair follicle (HFs) were compared by cluster analysis. This resulted in the PFs and SFs being divided into two classes. The expression level of two selected exons was analyzed by qRT-PCR, and the results indicated that the expression patterns were consistent with the deep sequencing results obtained by RNA-Seq.


CONCLUSIONS
Based on the comparative transcriptome analysis of 18 HFs from cashmere goats, a large number of differentially expressed exons were identified using a high-throughput sequencing approach. This study suggests that UMPP activation is a prominent signaling pathway for distinguishing the PFs and SFs of cashmere goats. It is also a meaningful contribution to the theoretical basis of the biological study of the HFs of cashmere goats and other mammals.
College of Animal Science, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot, 010018, China.|Institute of ATCG, Nei Mongol Bio-Information, Hohhot, 010020, China.
Xiao-Yang
XY
Ji
Animal Research institution of Animal Science Academy of XinJiang Uygur Autonomous Region, Urumqi, 830001, China.
Jian-Xun
JX
Wang
College of Animal Science, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot, 010018, China.|Institute of ATCG, Nei Mongol Bio-Information, Hohhot, 010020, China.
Bin
B
Liu
College of Animal Science, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot, 010018, China.|Institute of ATCG, Nei Mongol Bio-Information, Hohhot, 010020, China.
Zhu-Qing
ZQ
Zheng
Institute of ATCG, Nei Mongol Bio-Information, Hohhot, 010020, China.|Inner Mongolia Academy of Agricultural & Animal Husbandry Science, Hohhot, 010031, China.
Shao-Yin
SY
Fu
Department of Microbial, Cellular and molecular biology, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.|Department of Animal production and Technology, Biotechnology Research Institute, Bahir Dar University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.
Getinet Mekuriaw
GM
Tarekegn
College of Animal Science, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot, 010018, China.|Institute of ATCG, Nei Mongol Bio-Information, Hohhot, 010020, China.
Xue
X
Bai
Department of Biology, The Center for Genomic Advocacy, Indiana State University, Terre Haute, Indiana, 47809, United States of America.
Yong-Sheng
YS
Bai
College of Life Sciences Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot, 010018, China.
Heng
H
Li
College of Animal Science, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot, 010018, China.|Institute of ATCG, Nei Mongol Bio-Information, Hohhot, 010020, China.|State Key Laboratory of Genetic Resources and Evolution, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, 650223, China.
Wen-Guang
WG
Zhang
D000818:Animals; D005091:Exons / Q000235:genetics; D020869:Gene Expression Profiling / Q000662:veterinary*; D006041:Goats / Q000254:growth & development*; D006197:Hair / Q000254:growth & development; D018859:Hair Follicle / Q000254:growth & development*; D053858:Metabolic Networks and Pathways / Q000502:physiology; D016133:Polymerase Chain Reaction / Q000662:veterinary; D059748:Proteolysis; D059467:Transcriptome / Q000502:physiology; D025801:Ubiquitin / Q000502:physiology*
D025801:Ubiquitin
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