Evaluation of influenza vaccine-immunogenicity in cell-mediated immunity.
The immunological effect of influenza vaccines cannot be evaluated accurately using an antibody titer. Therefore, we used a new method that measures cell-mediated immunity to investigate changes in the amount of interferon-gamma (IFN-γ) produced after vaccination in response to the vaccine antigen. The study was conducted during the 2014-2015 influenza season in 23 adults, using a vaccine that contained three types of antigen. The IFN-γ level increased by at least 1.5 times in 65% (15/23) of cases in response to the H1N1 antigen, in 57% (13/23) of cases in response to the H3N2 antigen, and in 57% (13/23) of cases in response to the B antigen. During the study period, 4 subjects developed type A influenza. Our data showed that the IFN-γ level did not increase by 1.5 times in these subjects. We propose that the efficacy of influenza vaccines may be evaluated by measuring changes in the level of IFN-γ produced in response to influenza vaccine.
Department of Public Health, Hyogo College of Medicine, Nishinomiya, Japan. Electronic address: naruhito@fa2.so-net.ne.jp.
Naruhito
N
Otani
Department of Public Health, Hyogo College of Medicine, Nishinomiya, Japan.
Masayuki
M
Shima
Department of Infection Control and Prevention, Hyogo College of Medicine, Nishinomiya, Japan.
Takashi
T
Ueda
Department of Infection Control and Prevention, Hyogo College of Medicine, Nishinomiya, Japan.
Kaoru
K
Ichiki
Department of Infection Control and Prevention, Hyogo College of Medicine, Nishinomiya, Japan.
Kazuhiko
K
Nakajima
Department of Infection Control and Prevention, Hyogo College of Medicine, Nishinomiya, Japan.
Yoshio
Y
Takesue
Department of Microbiology, Hyogo College of Medicine, Nishinomiya, Japan.
Toshiomi
T
Okuno
D000328:Adult; D000956:Antigens, Viral / Q000276:immunology; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007111:Immunity, Cellular; D053118:Influenza A Virus, H1N1 Subtype / Q000276:immunology*; D053122:Influenza A Virus, H3N2 Subtype / Q000276:immunology*; D007252:Influenza Vaccines / Q000276:immunology*; D007251:Influenza, Human / Q000276:immunology* / Q000517:prevention & control; D007371:Interferon-gamma / Q000378:metabolism; D007963:Leukocytes, Mononuclear / Q000276:immunology*; D008213:Lymphocyte Activation; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged
D000956:Antigens, Viral; D007252:Influenza Vaccines; D007371:Interferon-gamma
Antigen; Cell-mediated immunity; Humoral immunity; Influenza; Interferon-gamma; Vaccine