Type 1 diabetes in children is not a predisposing factor for oral yeast colonization.
Type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1D) is considered a risk factor associated with oral yeast infections. The aim of this study was to evaluate the yeast oral carriage (in saliva and mucosal surface) of children with T1D and potential relation with host factors, particularly the subset of CD4+ T cells. Yeasts were quantified and identified in stimulated saliva and in cheek mucosal swabs of 133 diabetic T1D and 72 healthy control subjects. Salivary lymphocytes were quantified using flow cytometry. The presence of yeasts in the oral cavity (60% of total patients) was not affected by diabetes, metabolic control, duration of the disease, salivary flow rate or saliva buffer capacity, by age, sex, place of residence, number of daily meals, consumption of sweets or frequency of tooth brushing. Candida albicans was the most prevalent yeast species, but a higher number of yeast species was isolated in nondiabetics. T1D children with HbA1c ≤ 7.5 (metabolically controlled) presented higher number of CD4+ T salivary subsets when compared with the other groups of children (non-diabetic and nonmetabolically controlled) and also presented the highest number of individuals without oral yeast colonization. In conclusion, T1D does not predisposes for increased oral yeast colonization and a higher number of salivary CD4+T cells seems to result in the absence of oral colonization by yeasts.
FMUC, Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, Portugal.
Ana L
AL
Costa
CNC, Centre for Neurosciences and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, Portugal.
Branca M A
BMA
Silva
FMUC, Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, Portugal.|CNC, Centre for Neurosciences and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, Portugal.
Rui
R
Soares
FMUC, Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, Portugal.
Diana
D
Mota
FMUC, Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, Portugal.
Vera
V
Alves
Paediatric Hospital, CHUC, Coimbra, Portugal.
Alice
A
Mirante
FMUC, Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, Portugal.
João C
JC
Ramos
FMUC, Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, Portugal.
João
J
Maló de Abreu
FMUC, Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, Portugal.
Manuel
M
Santos-Rosa
FMUC, Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, Portugal.|Laboratory of Biostatistics and Medical Informatics, IBILI.
Francisco
F
Caramelo
FMUC, Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, Portugal.|CNC, Centre for Neurosciences and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, Portugal.
Teresa
T
Gonçalves
D000293:Adolescent; D015984:Causality; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D003922:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1 / Q000150:complications*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D009061:Mouth Mucosa / Q000382:microbiology; D009181:Mycoses / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000382:microbiology; D015995:Prevalence; D018570:Risk Assessment; D012463:Saliva / Q000382:microbiology; D015003:Yeasts / Q000145:classification / Q000302:isolation & purification*
CD4+ T cells; Candida; Type 1 diabetes mellitus; children; oral carriage; yeast