Development of the salt-reduction and efficacy-maintenance program in Indonesia.
We conducted a randomized, controlled trial to examine the effects of a salt-reduction and efficacy-maintenance program on the improvement and maintenance of self-care and self-efficacy in reducing the salt intake of older people with high blood pressure. A total of 51 participants with hypertension/prehypertension in Indonesia were randomly assigned to a control group or one of two intervention groups: salt-reduction training or salt-reduction and efficacy-maintenance. The salt-reduction and efficacy-maintenance group received educational training and a maintenance meeting; the participants' knowledge, attitudes, self-care practices, and self-efficacy significantly improved after training and were maintained after the maintenance meeting. Participants in the salt-reduction training group showed significant effects for the same variables; however, their food salt concentrations rebounded after the maintenance meeting. No significant improvement was found in the control group. The salt-reduction and efficacy-maintenance group participants reported positive effects of salt reduction and different practices based on who prepared their meals. The salt-reduction and efficacy-maintenance group program was effective in improving and maintaining knowledge, attitudes, and self-efficacy of salt-reduction practices and could be applied with community-dwelling older people with high blood pressure.
School of Nursing, Hasanuddin University, Makassar, Indonesia.|Graduate School of Medical, Pharmaceutical and Health Sciences, Kanazawa University, Ishikawa, Japan.
Andi Masyitha
AM
Irwan
Graduate School of Medical, Pharmaceutical and Health Sciences, Kanazawa University, Ishikawa, Japan.
Mayumi
M
Kato
Graduate School of Medical, Pharmaceutical and Health Sciences, Kanazawa University, Ishikawa, Japan.
Kazuyo
K
Kitaoka
School of Nursing, Fukui University, Fukui, Japan.
Eiichi
E
Ueno
Graduate School of Medical, Pharmaceutical and Health Sciences, Kanazawa University, Ishikawa, Japan.
Hiromasa
H
Tsujiguchi
Graduate School of Medical, Pharmaceutical and Health Sciences, Kanazawa University, Ishikawa, Japan.
Miho
M
Shogenji
D000368:Aged; D004039:Diet, Sodium-Restricted / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D005260:Female; D007722:Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice; D006293:Health Promotion / Q000379:methods; D006801:Humans; D006973:Hypertension / Q000178:diet therapy*; D007214:Indonesia; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D016730:Program Development / Q000379:methods*; D012648:Self Care / Q000592:standards; D020377:Self Efficacy
hypertension; older people; patient education; primary health; randomized controlled trial; salt; self-care; self-efficacy