[Localizating and Extracting Small Peripheral Nodules of Lung with Simulating  Radiaotherapy Combining Methylene Blue Staining].
BACKGROUND
With the extensively application of HRCT (high resolution CT) and the popularization of early lung cancer screening, the proportion of small nodullar lung cancer to be operated increases rapidly. Identifying the focus lesions quickly and accurately in operation has shown to be a challenge. We carried out this research trying to make use of and evaluate a new method that localizaes and extracts small peripheral pulmonary nodules by way of simulating radiaotherapy combining methylene blue staining.


METHODS
From February 2012 to January 2015, 97 patients with 100 peripheral pulmonary nodules ≤10 mm in size were simulated puncturing using a radiotherapy planning. When the anaesthesia came into use, methylene blue dye was injected to the virtually identified point corresponding to the surface point, according to the angle and depth previously computed by the radiotherapy planning. The video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery (VATS) wedge resections of the marked lesions were undertaken and the specimens were sent for frozen pathologic examination. The interval time from anesthesia-completing to puncture and injection, The interval time from methylene blue injection to identifying the stained area and the distances between the centre point of the stains and edge of coloured lesion were recorded.


RESULTS
Our preoperative localization procedure was successful in 96 of 100 (96%) nodules. The interval time from anesthesia-completing to puncture and injection of methylene blue were (4.85±1.25) min. The interval time from methylene blue injection to identifying the stained area was (16.36±2.36) min. The distances between the centre point of the stains and edge of coloured lesion were (4.78±2.51) mm. No complication was observed in all participants.


CONCLUSIONS
The new method of locating peripheral pulmonary nodules by simulating simulating radiaotherapy combining methylene blue staining has a high success rate and no complication for localizing small peripheral pulmonary lesions, avoiding the fear and pain of the patients untaken puncture without anaesthesia reducing radial damage.
Department of Lung Tumor Clinical Medical Center Surgery, Shanghai Chest Hospital of Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai 200030, China.
Feng
F
Mao
Department of Lung Tumor Clinical Medical Center Surgery, Shanghai Chest Hospital of Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai 200030, China;Department of Chest-Oncology, Jilin Province Tumor Hospital, Jilin 132000, China.
Liang
L
Zhang
Department of Radiotherapy, Shanghai Chest Hospital of Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai 200030, China.
Hengle
H
Gu
Department of Lung Tumor Clinical Medical Center Surgery, Shanghai Chest Hospital of Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai 200030, China.
Hui
H
Zhang
Department of Radiotherapy, Shanghai Chest Hospital of Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai 200030, China.
Changxing
C
Lv
Department of Lung Tumor Clinical Medical Center Surgery, Shanghai Chest Hospital of Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai 200030, China.
Yang
Y
Shen-Tu
D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D003131:Combined Modality Therapy; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008168:Lung / Q000737:chemistry / Q000473:pathology / Q000528:radiation effects / Q000601:surgery*; D008175:Lung Neoplasms / Q000737:chemistry / Q000473:pathology / Q000532:radiotherapy* / Q000601:surgery*; D008297:Male; D008751:Methylene Blue / Q000737:chemistry; D008875:Middle Aged; D003074:Solitary Pulmonary Nodule / Q000737:chemistry / Q000473:pathology / Q000532:radiotherapy* / Q000601:surgery*; D013194:Staining and Labeling
D008751:Methylene Blue
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