Rhinovirus C is associated with wheezing and rhinovirus A is associated with pneumonia in hospitalized children in Morocco.
Human rhinovirus (RV) is commonly associated with severe acute lower respiratory infections (ALRI) in children. We aimed to describe the distribution of RV species and associations between RV species and clinical features in children hospitalized with clinically severe pneumonia (CSP) in Morocco. Nasopharyngeal aspirates (NPAs) were collected from 700 children, 2-59 months of age, admitted with CSP to the Hôpital d'Enfants de Rabat in Morocco. At least one respiratory virus was identified in 92% of children, of which RV was the most common (53%). PCR assays, sequencing, and phylogenetic tree analyses were carried out on 183 RV-positive NPAs to determine RV species and genotypes. Of 157 successfully genotyped NPAs, 60 (38.2%) were RV-A, 8 (5.1%) were RV-B, and 89 (56.7%) were RV-C. Wheezing and cyanosis were more common in RV-C-positive than RV-A-positive children (80.9% vs. 56.7%; P = 0.001 for wheezing and 10.1% vs. 0%; P = 0.011 for cyanosis). Physician's discharge diagnosis of pneumonia was more frequent among RV-A-positive (40.0%) than RV-C-positive children (20.2%; P = 0.009). RV-A and RV-C showed distinct seasonal patterns. Our findings suggest that RV-C is associated with wheezing illness while RV-A is associated with pneumonia. J. Med. Virol. 89:582-588, 2017. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
School of Paediatrics and Child Health, University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia.|Telethon Kids Institute, University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia.
Alicia A
AA
Annamalay
ISGlobal, Barcelona Ctr. Int. Health Res. (CRESIB), Hospital Clínic-Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.|Unit of Training and Research in Public Health, School of Medicine and Pharmacy of Rabat, University Mohamed V, Rabat, Morocco.|École Nationale de Santé Publique (ENSP), Ministère de la Santé, Rabat, Morocco.
Imane
I
Jroundi
School of Paediatrics and Child Health, University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia.|Telethon Kids Institute, University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia.
Joelene
J
Bizzintino
School of Paediatrics and Child Health, University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia.|Telethon Kids Institute, University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia.
Siew-Kim
SK
Khoo
School of Paediatrics and Child Health, University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia.|School of Public Health, Curtin University, Perth, Australia.
Guicheng
G
Zhang
Telethon Kids Institute, University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia.
Deborah
D
Lehmann
School of Paediatrics and Child Health, University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia.|Telethon Kids Institute, University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia.
Ingrid A
IA
Laing
Universityof Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin.
James
J
Gern
School of Paediatrics and Child Health, University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia.
Jack
J
Goldblatt
Centre Hôpitalier Universitaire (CHU) Ibn Sina, Rabat, Morocco.|Faculté de Médecine et de Pharmacie de Rabat, Rabat, Morocco.
Chafiq
C
Mahraoui
ISGlobal, Barcelona Ctr. Int. Health Res. (CRESIB), Hospital Clínic-Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.
Rachid
R
Benmessaoud
ISGlobal, Barcelona Ctr. Int. Health Res. (CRESIB), Hospital Clínic-Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.
Cinta
C
Moraleda
ISGlobal, Barcelona Ctr. Int. Health Res. (CRESIB), Hospital Clínic-Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.|Centro de Investigação em Saúde de Manhiça (CISM), Maputo, Mozambique.
Quique
Q
Bassat
School of Paediatrics and Child Health, University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia.
Peter
P
Le Souëf
D001249:Asthma / Q000821:virology*; D002675:Child, Preschool; D003490:Cyanosis; D005260:Female; D005838:Genotype; D006760:Hospitalization; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D008297:Male; D009018:Morocco; D009305:Nasopharynx / Q000821:virology; D010802:Phylogeny; D010850:Picornaviridae Infections / Q000473:pathology* / Q000821:virology*; D011024:Pneumonia, Viral / Q000821:virology*; D016133:Polymerase Chain Reaction; D012367:RNA, Viral / Q000235:genetics; D012135:Respiratory Sounds; D012229:Rhinovirus / Q000145:classification* / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D017422:Sequence Analysis, DNA
D012367:RNA, Viral
Morocco; children; pneumonia; respiratory infections; rhinovirus
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