Vitamin D Status: Current Opinion on Critical Levels for Plasma Calcium and Bone Mineral Homeostasis.
Currently there is an unprecedented level of interest regarding the purported wide-ranging beneficial effects of an adequate vitamin D status translating into marked increases in test requests for clinical laboratories. The well characterised endocrine pathway of vitamin D metabolism and action is solely responsible for vitamin D regulating plasma calcium and phosphate homeostasis. A large body of data confirm that vitamin D exerts activities within each of the major bone cells and that these same cells are capable of synthesising the active metabolite, 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D from 25-hydroxyvitamin D. Such data arising from in vitro studies, animal models and clinical sources are consistent with a paradigm that local metabolism of vitamin D by bone cells to form 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D and its consequent local actions within bone cells exerts an anabolic effect to increase bone mineral status. The data reviewed here provide plausible mechanisms for both catabolic and anabolic actions of vitamin D on bone depending on dietary calcium intake.
Howard A
HA
Morris
Endocrinology. 1999 Nov;140(11):4982-7
10537122
FASEB J. 2000 Oct;14(13):1908-16
11023975
Mol Endocrinol. 2002 Jul;16(7):1524-37
12089348
Bone. 2002 Nov;31(5):626-30
12477579
J Biol Chem. 2004 Apr 16;279(16):16754-66
14739296
Endocrinology. 2005 Feb;146(2):825-34
15498883
J Mol Endocrinol. 2005 Feb;34(1):237-45
15691891
Bone. 2005 Apr;36(4):654-62
15781002
Mol Endocrinol. 2005 Nov;19(11):2685-95
16002434
Kidney Int. 2006 Aug;70(4):654-9
16807549
Annu Rev Biochem. 1976;45:631-66
183601
J Bone Miner Res. 2008 Nov;23(11):1789-97
18597628
J Bone Miner Res. 2008 Nov;23(11):1859-63
18597633
Mol Aspects Med. 2008 Dec;29(6):397-406
18602685
J Bone Miner Res. 2009 May;24(5):935-42
19113911
Arch Intern Med. 2009 Mar 23;169(6):551-61
19307517
Mol Cell Endocrinol. 2009 Nov 13;311(1-2):55-61
19524013
Endocrinology. 1991 Mar;128(3):1496-504
1999168
J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol. 2010 Jul;121(1-2):71-5
20236619
Genome Res. 2010 Oct;20(10):1352-60
20736230
Endocrinology. 2011 Jan;152(1):4-10
21084445
Clin Biochem Rev. 2010 Nov;31(4):129-38
21170259
Mol Cell Endocrinol. 2011 Dec 5;347(1-2):11-6
21664245
N Engl J Med. 2011 Aug 4;365(5):410-21
21675912
Mol Cell Endocrinol. 2011 Dec 5;347(1-2):1-2
21726600
Nutrients. 2010 Sep;2(9):1026-35
22254071
EJIFCC. 2011 Mar 14;22(1):31-5
27683387
Vitam Horm. 1967;25:315-67
4296094
Med J Aust. 1984 Apr 28;140(9):519-21
6708894
Bone. 1995 Aug;17(2 Suppl):87S-91S
8579904
Endocrinology. 1999 Feb;140(2):1005-8
9927335