Agitation, Delirium, and Cognitive Outcomes in Intracerebral Hemorrhage.
Delirium predicts higher long-term cognitive morbidity. We previously identified a cohort of patients with spontaneous intracerebral hemorrhage and delirium and found worse outcomes in health-related quality of life (HRQoL) in the domain of cognitive function.



We tested the hypothesis that agitation would have additional prognostic significance on later cognitive function HRQoL.



Prospective identification of 174 patients with acute intracerebral hemorrhage, measuring stroke severity, agitation, and delirium, with a standardized protocol and measures. HRQoL was assessed using the Neuro-QOL at 28 days, 3 months, and 1 year. Functional outcomes were measured with the modified Rankin Scale.



Among the 81 patients with HRQoL follow-up data available, patients who had agitation and delirium had worse cognitive function HRQoL scores at 28 days (T scores for delirium with agitation 20.9 ± 7.3, delirium without agitation 30.4 ± 16.5, agitation without delirium 36.6 ± 17.5, and neither agitated nor delirious 40.3 ± 15.9; p = 0.03) and at 1 year (p = 0.006). The effect persisted in mixed models after correction for severity of neurologic injury, age, and time of assessment (p = 0.0006) and was not associated with medication use, seizures, or infection.



The presence of agitation with delirium in patients with intracerebral hemorrhage may predict higher risk of unfavorable cognitive outcomes up to 1 year later.
Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Northwestern University, Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL.
Lisa J
LJ
Rosenthal
Department of Neurology, Northwestern University, Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL.
Brandon A
BA
Francis
Department of Medical Social Sciences and PROMIS Statistical Center, Northwestern University, Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL.
Jennifer L
JL
Beaumont
Department of Medical Social Sciences and PROMIS Statistical Center, Northwestern University, Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL.
David
D
Cella
Department of Medical Social Sciences and PROMIS Statistical Center, Northwestern University, Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL.
Michael D
MD
Berman
Department of Neurology, Northwestern University, Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL.
Matthew B
MB
Maas
Department of Neurology, Northwestern University, Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL.
Eric M
EM
Liotta
Department of Center for Healthcare Studies, Northwestern University, Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL.
Robert
R
Askew
Department of Neurology, Northwestern University, Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL; Department of Medical Social Sciences and PROMIS Statistical Center, Northwestern University, Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL; Department of Center for Healthcare Studies, Northwestern University, Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL. Electronic address: a-naidech@northwestern.edu.
Andrew M
AM
Naidech
D002543:Cerebral Hemorrhage / Q000150:complications*; D003072:Cognition Disorders / Q000150:complications*; D003693:Delirium / Q000150:complications*; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D017063:Outcome Assessment, Health Care / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D011446:Prospective Studies; D011595:Psychomotor Agitation / Q000150:complications*; D011788:Quality of Life; D012307:Risk Factors; D012720:Severity of Illness Index
cognition disorders; delirium; hyperkinesis; psychomotor agitation; quality of life; stroke.
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