Cognitive Slowing in Gulf War Illness Predicts Executive Network Hyperconnectivity: Study in a Population-Representative Sample.
Cognitive slowing is a prevalent symptom observed in Gulf War Illness (GWI). The present study assessed the extent to which functional connectivity between dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC) and other task-relevant brain regions was predictive of GWI-related cognitive slowing. GWI patients (n = 54) and healthy veteran controls (n = 29) were assessed on performance of a processing speed task (the Digit Symbol Substitution Task; DSST) while undergoing functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI). GWI patients were slower on the DSST relative to controls. Bilateral DLPFC connectivity with task-relevant nodes was altered in GWI patients compared to healthy controls during DSST performance. Moreover, hyperconnectivity in these networks predicted GWI-related increases in reaction time on the DSST, whereas hypoconnectivity did not. These results suggest that GWI-related cognitive slowing reflects reduced efficiency in cortical networks.
School of Behavioral and Brain Sciences, University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, TX, USA.
Monroe P
MP
Turner
School of Behavioral and Brain Sciences, University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, TX, USA.
Nicholas A
NA
Hubbard
School of Behavioral and Brain Sciences, University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, TX, USA.
Lyndahl M
LM
Himes
School of Behavioral and Brain Sciences, University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, TX, USA.
Shawheen
S
Faghihahmadabadi
School of Behavioral and Brain Sciences, University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, TX, USA; Department of Psychiatry, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA.
Joanna L
JL
Hutchison
Center for the Neurobiology of Learning and Memory, University of California-Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA.
Ilana J
IJ
Bennett
School of Behavioral and Brain Sciences, University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, TX, USA.
Michael A
MA
Motes
Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA.
Robert W
RW
Haley
School of Behavioral and Brain Sciences, University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, TX, USA; Department of Psychiatry, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA.
Bart
B
Rypma
Gulf War Illness; cognitive efficiency; dorsolateral prefrontal cortex; functional connectivity; functional magnetic resonance imaging; processing speed
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