A cross-sectional observation on habitual non-alcoholic beverage consumption among adolescents from four Irish post-primary schools.
No up-to-date data on the dietary intake of Irish adolescents are available. The aim of the present pilot study was to obtain and compare cross-sectional information on habitual adolescent beverage consumption between four distinct post-primary schools in the Republic of Ireland, in 2014-2015.



A cross-sectional observation study. A beverage consumption questionnaire was used to obtain data on beverage intake and influences on consumption.



Four post-primary mixed-sex schools in Ireland representing the following school classifications were selected for the study: urban fee-paying, urban disadvantaged, rural fee-paying and rural disadvantaged.



Students (n 761) aged 12-18 years.



Data were analysed by Kruskal-Wallis (non-parametric) ANOVA to compare the distribution of beverage consumption across the schools. Water was the most highly consumed beverage among students from all four schools (median 1425 ml/d). Students from urban and rural disadvantaged schools reported a significantly higher volume of carbonated beverage intake than students from fee-paying schools. Students from an urban disadvantaged school also reported a significantly higher volume of carbonated beverage and energy drink intake compared with the other three schools. Students from an urban fee-paying school reported the highest consumption of water, while rural disadvantaged school students were the biggest consumers of tea and milk.



Significant differences in beverage consumption (ml/d) were reported by adolescents from four schools in Ireland. Surveillance on current beverage consumption trends among adolescents is vital to guide policies and interventions, and for appropriate targeting of resources.
1School of Agriculture and Food Science,University College Dublin,Belfield,Dublin 4,Republic of Ireland.
Sophie
S
Millar
1School of Agriculture and Food Science,University College Dublin,Belfield,Dublin 4,Republic of Ireland.
Megan
M
O'Donoghue
1School of Agriculture and Food Science,University College Dublin,Belfield,Dublin 4,Republic of Ireland.
Breige
B
McNulty
1School of Agriculture and Food Science,University College Dublin,Belfield,Dublin 4,Republic of Ireland.
Laura
L
Kirwan
1School of Agriculture and Food Science,University College Dublin,Belfield,Dublin 4,Republic of Ireland.
Aideen
A
McKevitt
D000293:Adolescent; D000704:Analysis of Variance; D001628:Beverages / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D002648:Child; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D004034:Diet Surveys; D005247:Feeding Behavior; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007494:Ireland; D008297:Male; D010865:Pilot Projects; D012424:Rural Population / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D012574:Schools / Q000145:classification / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D018709:Statistics, Nonparametric; D013334:Students / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D014505:Urban Population / Q000706:statistics & numerical data
Adolescent beverage consumption; Beverage intake; Dietary intake; Irish teenagers; Post-primary schools
Public Health Nutr. 2011 Sep;14(9):1563-9
21338558
Circulation. 2015 Aug 25;132(8):639-66
26124185
Am J Clin Nutr. 2014 Jul;100(1):65-79
24808490
Br J Nutr. 2004 Oct;92 Suppl 2:S147-211
15522158
JAMA. 2007 Jun 27;297(24):2755-9
17595277
N Engl J Med. 2012 Oct 11;367(15):1407-16
22998339
Circulation. 2004 Oct 19;110(16):2494-7
15477412
Arch Pediatr Adolesc Med. 2008 Nov;162(11):1063-9
18981355
Genes Nutr. 2015 Jan;10(1):450
25491748
Br J Nutr. 2014 Aug 14;112(3):467-76
24833428
Am J Clin Nutr. 2013 Oct;98(4):1084-102
23966427
N Engl J Med. 2012 Oct 11;367(15):1397-406
22998340
J Hum Nutr Diet. 2015 Oct;28(5):417-42
24935211
Am J Clin Nutr. 2006 Aug;84(2):274-88
16895873
Nutr Res Pract. 2009 Fall;3(3):234-41
20090890
Int J Obes Relat Metab Disord. 2000 Jun;24(6):794-800
10878689
Am J Public Health. 2007 Apr;97(4):667-75
17329656
PLoS One. 2015 Aug 05;10(8):e0124845
26244332
Br J Nutr. 2004 Oct;92 Suppl 2:S213-22
15522159
Appetite. 2003 Apr;40(2):93-100
12781158
Public Health Nutr. 2002 Dec;5(6B):1113-24
12639222
Nutr Res. 2014 Feb;34(2):134-42
24461314
Int J Food Sci Nutr. 2003 Jul;54(4):297-307
12850891
Pediatrics. 2006 Oct;118(4):1388-93
17015527
Eur J Clin Nutr. 2007 Dec;61 Suppl 1:S75-99
17992188
J Am Diet Assoc. 2004 Aug;104(8):1244-9
15281041
JAMA. 2002 Nov 6;288(17):2180
12413386
Health Educ Res. 2007 Apr;22(2):295-304
16908496
J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2003 Apr;88(4):1417-27
12679416
Br J Nutr. 2009 May;101(10):1541-8
18838019
PLoS Med. 2006 Nov;3(11):e442
17132052
Eur J Clin Nutr. 2012 Feb;66(2):244-52
21952695
Lancet. 2015 May 23;385(9982):2088-95
25659283
Nutr Res Rev. 2014 Dec;27(2):330-45
25623085
Curr Opin Clin Nutr Metab Care. 2003 Sep;6(5):557-62
12913673
Eur J Public Health. 2010 Jun;20(3):312-7
19805507
Eur J Public Health. 2005 Jun;15(3):224-32
15905182