Prevalence of diabetes mellitus among children and adolescents in the district of Abidjan in Cote d'Ivoire: a population-based study.
BACKGROUND
World Health Organization has predicted a worldwide rise in the prevalence of diabetes mellitus. Cote d'Ivoire is not exempted as evidenced by such factors as obesity and sedentary life style amongst others. The objective of the study was to determine the prevalence of diabetes mellitus (DM) among children and adolescents in the district of Abidjan in Cote d'Ivoire.


METHODS
A cross-sectional descriptive survey using a multi-stage sampling approach was conducted from March to April 2013. 1572 children and adolescents aged 02-19 years were surveyed in 687 randomly selected households in three municipalities. Capillary fasting glucose was performed in all subjects, and when abnormal was followed by an Oral Glucose Tolerance Test (OGTT). Definitions of Impaired Fasting Glucose (IFG) and DM (Diabetes Mellitus) were according to International Society for Paediatric and Adolescent Diabetes (ISPAD) Guidelines.


RESULTS
The prevalence of DM and IFG were 0.4 % and 14.5 % respectively. There was no significant differences between patients with different glycemic status in terms of ethnicity/nationality (p = 0.98) or gender (0.079). In the rural areas, 565 (81.1 %) subjects were normoglycaemic and 132 (18.9 %) subjects hyperglycaemic while there were 773 (88.3 %) normoglycaemic subjects and 102 (11.7 %) hyperglycaemic subjects respectively from the urban areas of residence and this difference was statistically significant (p = 0.000). The prevalence of diabetes mellitus was identical (0.4 %) in the two age groups (2-9 years and 10-19 years). Seventy-seven (4.9 %) children who participated in the study had at least one diabetic parent. The proportion of participants with a diabetic father (59, 3.8. %) was twice the proportion with a diabetic mother (30,1.9 %) and this was statistically significant (p = 0.002). Only 10 out of 228 patients with IFG reported for the follow up OGTT and no impaired glucose tolerance was identified in these patients.


CONCLUSIONS
The prevalence rate of DM among children and adolescents was 0.4 %. Nationwide awareness campaigns and prevention programmes about diabetes in childhood should be instituted and existing ones strengthened. Adequate commitment from the relevant stakeholders especially the country's ministry of health is also advocated to stem this looming epidemic.
Centre Anti-diabétique, Institut National de Santé Publique, BP V47 Abidjan, Côte d'Ivoire ; Paediatric Endocrinology Training Centre for West Africa, LUTH, Lagos, Nigeria.
Marie Laurette
ML
Agbre-Yace
Department of Paediatrics, College of Medicine, University of Lagos/Lagos University Teaching Hospital./Paediatric Endocrinology Training Centre for West Africa, LUTH, Lagos, Nigeria.
Elizabeth Eberechi
EE
Oyenusi
Department of Paediatrics, College of Medicine, University of Lagos/Lagos University Teaching Hospital./Paediatric Endocrinology Training Centre for West Africa, LUTH, Lagos, Nigeria.
Abiola Olufunmilayo
AO
Oduwole
Pharmacie et Laboratoire de Nutrition, INSP, BP V 47 Abidjan, Côte d'Ivoire ; UFR Sciences Pharmaceutiques et Biologiques, Université Félix-Houphouët-Boigny, BP V 34 Abidjan, Côte d'Ivoire.
Michèle Dominique
MD
Ake
Service d'Endocrinologie diabétologie, CHU yopougon 23, BP 632 Abidjan 23, Côte d'Ivoire ; UFR Sciences Médicales d'Abidjan/Université Félix Houphouet Boigny de Cocody, Abidjan, Côte d'Ivoire.
Jacko Rhedoor
JR
Abodo
Abidjan; Adolescents; Children; Cote d’Ivoire; Diabetes mellitus; Fasting blood glucose
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