Continuous statistical modelling for rapid detection of adulteration of extra virgin olive oil using mid infrared and Raman spectroscopic data.
The main objective of this work was to develop a novel dimensionality reduction technique as a part of an integrated pattern recognition solution capable of identifying adulterants such as hazelnut oil in extra virgin olive oil at low percentages based on spectroscopic chemical fingerprints. A novel Continuous Locality Preserving Projections (CLPP) technique is proposed which allows the modelling of the continuous nature of the produced in-house admixtures as data series instead of discrete points. The maintenance of the continuous structure of the data manifold enables the better visualisation of this examined classification problem and facilitates the more accurate utilisation of the manifold for detecting the adulterants. The performance of the proposed technique is validated with two different spectroscopic techniques (Raman and Fourier transform infrared, FT-IR). In all cases studied, CLPP accompanied by k-Nearest Neighbors (kNN) algorithm was found to outperform any other state-of-the-art pattern recognition techniques.
Queens University Belfast, Institute for Global Food Security, Belfast, Northern Ireland, UK. Electronic address: kgeorgouli01@qub.ac.uk.
Konstantia
K
Georgouli
Queens University Belfast, Institute of Electronics, Communications and Information Technology, Belfast, Northern Ireland, UK. Electronic address: j.martinez-del-rincon@qub.ac.uk.
Jesus
J
Martinez Del Rincon
Queens University Belfast, Institute for Global Food Security, Belfast, Northern Ireland, UK. Electronic address: t.koidis@qub.ac.uk.
Anastasios
A
Koidis
D005506:Food Contamination / Q000032:analysis*; D015233:Models, Statistical; D000069463:Olive Oil / Q000032:analysis*; D010938:Plant Oils / Q000737:chemistry; D017550:Spectroscopy, Fourier Transform Infrared / Q000379:methods*; D013059:Spectrum Analysis, Raman / Q000379:methods*
D000069463:Olive Oil; D010938:Plant Oils
Adulteration; Continuous statistical modelling; Dimensionality reduction; Extra virgin olive oil; FT-IR; RAMAN; Rapid detection; Spectroscopy