Tetrachloromethane-Degrading Bacterial Enrichment Cultures and Isolates from a Contaminated Aquifer.
The prokaryotic community of a groundwater aquifer exposed to high concentrations of tetrachloromethane (CCl₄) for more than three decades was followed by terminal restriction fragment length polymorphism (T-RFLP) during pump-and-treat remediation at the contamination source. Bacterial enrichments and isolates were obtained under selective anoxic conditions, and degraded 10 mg·L(-1) CCl₄, with less than 10% transient formation of chloroform. Dichloromethane and chloromethane were not detected. Several tetrachloromethane-degrading strains were isolated from these enrichments, including bacteria from the Klebsiella and Clostridium genera closely related to previously described CCl₄ degrading bacteria, and strain TM1, assigned to the genus Pelosinus, for which this property was not yet described. Pelosinus sp. TM1, an oxygen-tolerant, Gram-positive bacterium with strictly anaerobic metabolism, excreted a thermostable metabolite into the culture medium that allowed extracellular CCl₄ transformation. As estimated by T-RFLP, phylotypes of CCl₄-degrading enrichment cultures represented less than 7%, and archaeal and Pelosinus strains less than 0.5% of the total prokaryotic groundwater community.
CNRS Génétique Moléculaire, Génomique, Microbiologie, Université de Strasbourg, UMR 7156 UNISTRA-CNRS, 28 rue Goethe, 67083 Strasbourg, France. christian.penny@list.lu.|Environmental Research and Innovation (ERIN), Luxembourg Institute of Science and Technology (LIST), 5 avenue des Hauts-Fourneaux, 4362 Esch/Alzette, Luxembourg. christian.penny@list.lu.
Christian
C
Penny
CNRS Génétique Moléculaire, Génomique, Microbiologie, Université de Strasbourg, UMR 7156 UNISTRA-CNRS, 28 rue Goethe, 67083 Strasbourg, France. c.gruffaz@unistra.fr.
Christelle
C
Gruffaz
CNRS Génétique Moléculaire, Génomique, Microbiologie, Université de Strasbourg, UMR 7156 UNISTRA-CNRS, 28 rue Goethe, 67083 Strasbourg, France. nadalig@unistra.fr.
Thierry
T
Nadalig
Environmental Research and Innovation (ERIN), Luxembourg Institute of Science and Technology (LIST), 5 avenue des Hauts-Fourneaux, 4362 Esch/Alzette, Luxembourg. henry-michel.cauchie@list.lu.
Henry-Michel
HM
Cauchie
CNRS Génétique Moléculaire, Génomique, Microbiologie, Université de Strasbourg, UMR 7156 UNISTRA-CNRS, 28 rue Goethe, 67083 Strasbourg, France. vuilleumier@unistra.fr.
Stéphane
S
Vuilleumier
CNRS Génétique Moléculaire, Génomique, Microbiologie, Université de Strasbourg, UMR 7156 UNISTRA-CNRS, 28 rue Goethe, 67083 Strasbourg, France. francoise.bringel@unistra.fr.
Françoise
F
Bringel
C1 compound biodegradation; Pelosinus sp. TM1; bacterial communities; bacterial enrichment cultures; carbon tetrachloride; chlorinated solvents; co-metabolism; tetrachloromethane
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