A randomized controlled trial examining the effects of 16 weeks of moderate-to-intensive cycling and honey supplementation on lymphocyte oxidative DNA damage and cytokine changes in male road cyclists.
The aim of this study was to investigate whether honey supplementation (70g, ninety minutes before each training session) attenuates changes in lymphocyte counts, DNA damage, cytokines, antioxidative and peroxidative biomarkers following moderate-to-intensive exercise training in male road cyclists. Healthy nonprofessional cyclists (n=24, aged 17-26years) were randomly assigned to exercise+supplement (EX+S, n=12) and exercise (EX, n=12) groups for an experimental period of 16weeks. Moderate-to-intensive exercise training increased lymphocytes DNA damage, cytokines and peroxidative biomarkers as well as decreased antioxidative biomarkers in the EX group. These changes were significantly attenuated in the EX+S group. Furthermore, for both groups the observed changes in peroxidative and antioxidative biomarkers could be correlated positively and negatively, respectively, with lymphocyte DNA damage and cytokines. Findings suggest that honey attenuates oxidative stress and lymphocyte DNA damage after exercise, activities that are most likely attributable to its high antioxidant capacity.
Department of Sports Medicine, Justus-Liebig-University, Giessen, Germany. Electronic address: hajizadeh.sci.phys@gmail.com.
Behzad
B
Hajizadeh Maleki
Department of Sport Injuries, Faculty of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, Allameh Tabataba'i University, Tehran, Iran. Electronic address: ba.tartibian@gmail.com.
Bakhtyar
B
Tartibian
Department of Sports Medicine, Justus-Liebig-University, Giessen, Germany. Electronic address: frank-christoph.mooren@sport.uni-giessen.de.
Frank C
FC
Mooren
Department of Sports Medicine, Justus-Liebig-University, Giessen, Germany. Electronic address: Karsten.Krueger@sport.uni-giessen.de.
Karsten
K
Krüger
Department of Nursing, Mount Saint Mary's University, Los Angeles, CA, United States. Electronic address: lfitzgerald@msmu.edu.
Leah Z
LZ
FitzGerald
Department of Epidemiology and Reproductive Health, Reproductive Epidemiology Research Center, Royan Institute for Reproductive Biomedicine, ACECR, Tehran, Iran. Electronic address: mohamadchehrazi@gmail.com.
Mohammad
M
Chehrazi
D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D001642:Bicycling / Q000502:physiology*; D016207:Cytokines / Q000097:blood*; D004249:DNA Damage; D006722:Honey; D006801:Humans; D008214:Lymphocytes / Q000378:metabolism*; D008297:Male; D018384:Oxidative Stress; D013997:Time Factors
D016207:Cytokines
DNA damage; Exercise training; Lymphocytes; Oxidative stress; Supplementation