Is Bladder Training by Clamping Before Removal Necessary for Short-Term Indwelling Urinary Catheter Inpatient? A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis.
OBJECTIVE
Urinary catheterization is a common technique in clinical practice. There is, however, no consensus on management prior to removal of the indwelling catheter for short-term patients. This systematic review examined the necessity of clamping before removal of an indwelling urinary catheter in short-term patients.


METHODS
A systematic literature review was conducted using eight databases and predetermined keywords-guided searches. Some 2,515 studies were evaluated. Ten studies that met the inclusion criteria were selected.


RESULTS
The quality of the studies was assessed using the Jadad scoring system. Only 40.0% of studies were rated as high quality. This review found that catheter clamping prior to removal was not necessary for the short-term patient. When made a comparison with the unclamping group, there was no significant difference in recatheterization risk, risk of urine retention, patients' subjective perceptions and rate of urinary tract infection.


CONCLUSIONS
This review indicated that bladder training by clamping prior to removal of urinary catheters is not necessary in short-term catheter patients. In addition, clamping carries the risk of complications such as prolonging urinary catheter retention and urinary tract injury. Further investigation requires higher quality methodologies and more diverse study designs.
Department of Nursing, College of Nursing, Chang Gung University of Science and Technology, Tao Yuan, Taiwan; Graduate Institute of Clinical Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan.
Li-Hsiang
LH
Wang
Department of Nursing, College of Nursing, Chang Gung University of Science and Technology, Tao Yuan, Taiwan.
Ming-Fen
MF
Tsai
Department of Nursing, College of Nursing, Chang Gung University of Science and Technology, Tao Yuan, Taiwan; Chang Gung University of Science and Technology, Tao Yuan, Taiwan.
Chin-Yen Stacey
CS
Han
Department of Nursing, Chiayi Campus, Chang Gung University of Science and Technology, Chiayi, Taiwan.
Yi-Chi
YC
Huang
Department of Nursing, College of Nursing, Chang Gung University of Science and Technology, Tao Yuan, Taiwan; School of Nursing, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Tao Yuan, Taiwan; Department of Rheumatology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, LinKou, Taiwan. Electronic address: sarah@mail.cgu.edu.tw.
Hsueh-Erh
HE
Liu
D001294:Attitude to Health; D002408:Catheters, Indwelling; D003250:Constriction; D020878:Device Removal; D006801:Humans; D010353:Patient Education as Topic / Q000379:methods; D010465:Perception; D016032:Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic; D019233:Retreatment; D014546:Urinary Catheterization / Q000379:methods*; D062885:Urinary Catheters; D016055:Urinary Retention / Q000523:psychology; D014552:Urinary Tract Infections / Q000628:therapy; D014554:Urination / Q000502:physiology
catheters; device removal; indwelling; systematic review