Deconstructing negative pressure wound therapy.
Since its introduction 20 years ago for the treatment of chronic wounds, negative pressure wound therapy use has expanded to a variety of other wound types. Various mechanisms of action for its efficacy in wound healing have been postulated, but no unifying theory exists. Proposed mechanisms include induction of perfusion changes, microdeformation, macrodeformation, exudate control and decreasing the bacterial load in the wound. We surmise that these different mechanisms have varying levels of dominance in each wound type. Specifically, negative pressure wound therapy is beneficial to acute open wounds because it induces perfusion changes and formation of granulation tissue. Post-surgical incisional wounds are positively affected by perfusion changes and exudate control. In the context of chronic wounds, negative pressure wound therapy removes harmful and corrosive substances within the wounds to affect healing. When skin grafts and dermal substitutes are used to close a wound, negative pressure wound therapy is effective in promoting granulation tissue formation, controlling exudate and decreasing the bacterial load in the wound. In this review, we elucidate some of the mechanisms behind the positive wound healing effects of negative pressure wound therapy, providing possible explanations for these effects in different wound types.
Center for Tissue Engineering, Department of Plastic Surgery, University of California, Irvine, CA, USA.
Shadi
S
Lalezari
Center for Tissue Engineering, Department of Plastic Surgery, University of California, Irvine, CA, USA.
Christine J
CJ
Lee
Center for Tissue Engineering, Department of Plastic Surgery, University of California, Irvine, CA, USA.
Anna A
AA
Borovikova
Center for Tissue Engineering, Department of Plastic Surgery, University of California, Irvine, CA, USA.
Derek A
DA
Banyard
Center for Tissue Engineering, Department of Plastic Surgery, University of California, Irvine, CA, USA.
Keyianoosh Z
KZ
Paydar
Center for Tissue Engineering, Department of Plastic Surgery, University of California, Irvine, CA, USA.
Garrett A
GA
Wirth
Center for Tissue Engineering, Department of Plastic Surgery, University of California, Irvine, CA, USA.
Alan D
AD
Widgerow
D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D002908:Chronic Disease / Q000628:therapy*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D054843:Negative-Pressure Wound Therapy / Q000379:methods*; D014945:Wound Healing / Q000502:physiology*; D014947:Wounds and Injuries / Q000628:therapy*
Exudate control; Macrodeformation; Microdeformation; Negative pressure wound therapy; Perfusion changes
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