Application of Handheld Confocal Microscopy for Skin Cancer Diagnosis: Advantages and Limitations Compared with the Wide-Probe Confocal.
The clinical diagnosis of tumors on the curved surfaces of the face, around the eyes, and on the mucosal surfaces can be difficult, while biopsies and excisions can have functional and aesthetic consequences. To avoid unnecessary surgery, clinicians have been aiming to attain accurate noninvasive diagnosis of lesions at these sites. However, acquisition of high-quality images with dermoscopy and with traditional wide-probe reflectance confocal microscopy (WP-RCM) have been hampered with technical difficulties. This article discusses the technical parameters of the handheld reflectance confocal microscope and discusses its advantages and limitations compared with the WP-RCM.
Department of Dermatology, University of Connecticut Health Center, 263 Farmington Avenue, MC 6231, Farmington, CT 06030-6231, USA. Electronic address: keenaq@gmail.com.
Syril Keena T
SK
Que
Department of Dermatology, University of Connecticut Health Center, 263 Farmington Avenue, MC 6231, Farmington, CT 06030-6231, USA.
Jane M
JM
Grant-Kels
Department of Dermatology, University of Miami School of Medicine, 1295 NW 14th St., University of Miami South Bldg., Suites K-M, Miami, FL 33125, USA.
Harold S
HS
Rabinovitz
Department of Dermatology, University of Miami School of Medicine, 1295 NW 14th St., University of Miami South Bldg., Suites K-M, Miami, FL 33125, USA.
Margaret
M
Oliviero
Department of Dermatology, Sheba Medical Center, Tel Hashomer, Ramat Gan 5262000, Affiliated with the Sackler School of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Ramat Gan 52621, Israel.
Alon
A
Scope
D002280:Basal Cell Carcinoma / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D046169:Dermoscopy; D006801:Humans; D018327:Hutchinson's Melanotic Freckle / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D000069416:Intravital Microscopy / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods*; D000072662:Margins of Excision; D008545:Melanoma / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D018613:Microscopy, Confocal / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods*; D012878:Skin Neoplasms / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*
Eyes; Face; Handheld reflectance confocal microscopy; Melanoma; Mucosa; Nonmelanoma skin cancer; Wide-probe reflectance confocal microscopy