Evolutionary and Functional Analysis of Membrane-Bound NAC Transcription Factor Genes in Soybean.
Functional divergence is thought to be an important evolutionary driving force for the retention of duplicate genes. We reconstructed the evolutionary history of soybean (Glycine max) membrane-bound NAC transcription factor (NTL) genes. NTLs are thought to be components of stress signaling and unique in their requirement for proteolytic cleavage to free them from the membrane. Most of the 15 GmNTL genes appear to have evolved under strong purifying selection. By analyzing the phylogenetic tree and gene synteny, we identified seven duplicate gene pairs generated by the latest whole-genome duplication. The members of each pair were shown to have variously diverged at the transcriptional (organ specificity and responsiveness to stress), posttranscriptional (alternative splicing), and protein (proteolysis-mediated membrane release and transactivation activity) levels. The dormant (full-length protein) and active (protein without a transmembrane motif) forms of one pair of duplicated gene products (GmNTL1/GmNLT11) were each separately constitutively expressed in Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana). The heteroexpression of active but not dormant forms of these proteins caused improved tolerance to abiotic stresses, suggesting that membrane release was required for their functionality. Arabidopsis carrying the dormant form of GmNTL1 was more tolerant to hydrogen peroxide, which induces its membrane release. Tolerance was not increased in the line carrying dormant GmNTL11, which was not released by hydrogen peroxide treatment. Thus, NTL-release pattern changes may cause phenotypic divergence. It was concluded that a variety of functional divergences contributed to the retention of these GmNTL duplicates.
Key Laboratory of the Plant Cell Engineering and Germplasm Innovation, School of Life Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, Shandong, China (S.L., N.W., D.J., Y.Y., Y.J., J.L., Z.L., F.X.).|Qilu University of Technology, Jinan 250353, Shandong, China (D.J.); and.|Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Physiology, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Fragrant Hill, Beijing 100093, China (Z.X.).
Shuo
0000-0002-7285-8407
S
Li
Key Laboratory of the Plant Cell Engineering and Germplasm Innovation, School of Life Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, Shandong, China (S.L., N.W., D.J., Y.Y., Y.J., J.L., Z.L., F.X.).|Qilu University of Technology, Jinan 250353, Shandong, China (D.J.); and.|Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Physiology, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Fragrant Hill, Beijing 100093, China (Z.X.).
Nan
N
Wang
Key Laboratory of the Plant Cell Engineering and Germplasm Innovation, School of Life Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, Shandong, China (S.L., N.W., D.J., Y.Y., Y.J., J.L., Z.L., F.X.).|Qilu University of Technology, Jinan 250353, Shandong, China (D.J.); and.|Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Physiology, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Fragrant Hill, Beijing 100093, China (Z.X.).
Dandan
0000-0002-8209-4578
D
Ji
Key Laboratory of the Plant Cell Engineering and Germplasm Innovation, School of Life Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, Shandong, China (S.L., N.W., D.J., Y.Y., Y.J., J.L., Z.L., F.X.).|Qilu University of Technology, Jinan 250353, Shandong, China (D.J.); and.|Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Physiology, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Fragrant Hill, Beijing 100093, China (Z.X.).
Zheyong
Z
Xue
Key Laboratory of the Plant Cell Engineering and Germplasm Innovation, School of Life Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, Shandong, China (S.L., N.W., D.J., Y.Y., Y.J., J.L., Z.L., F.X.).|Qilu University of Technology, Jinan 250353, Shandong, China (D.J.); and.|Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Physiology, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Fragrant Hill, Beijing 100093, China (Z.X.).
Yanchong
Y
Yu
Key Laboratory of the Plant Cell Engineering and Germplasm Innovation, School of Life Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, Shandong, China (S.L., N.W., D.J., Y.Y., Y.J., J.L., Z.L., F.X.).|Qilu University of Technology, Jinan 250353, Shandong, China (D.J.); and.|Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Physiology, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Fragrant Hill, Beijing 100093, China (Z.X.).
Yupei
0000-0003-3075-0278
Y
Jiang
Key Laboratory of the Plant Cell Engineering and Germplasm Innovation, School of Life Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, Shandong, China (S.L., N.W., D.J., Y.Y., Y.J., J.L., Z.L., F.X.).|Qilu University of Technology, Jinan 250353, Shandong, China (D.J.); and.|Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Physiology, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Fragrant Hill, Beijing 100093, China (Z.X.).
Jinglin
J
Liu
Key Laboratory of the Plant Cell Engineering and Germplasm Innovation, School of Life Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, Shandong, China (S.L., N.W., D.J., Y.Y., Y.J., J.L., Z.L., F.X.).|Qilu University of Technology, Jinan 250353, Shandong, China (D.J.); and.|Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Physiology, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Fragrant Hill, Beijing 100093, China (Z.X.).
Zhenhua
Z
Liu
Key Laboratory of the Plant Cell Engineering and Germplasm Innovation, School of Life Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, Shandong, China (S.L., N.W., D.J., Y.Y., Y.J., J.L., Z.L., F.X.); xfn0990@sdu.edu.cn.|Qilu University of Technology, Jinan 250353, Shandong, China (D.J.); and xfn0990@sdu.edu.cn.|Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Physiology, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Fragrant Hill, Beijing 100093, China (Z.X.) xfn0990@sdu.edu.cn.
Fengning
F
Xiang
D017398:Alternative Splicing / Q000235:genetics; D017360:Arabidopsis / Q000235:genetics; D001483:Base Sequence; D002462:Cell Membrane / Q000378:metabolism*; D017124:Conserved Sequence / Q000235:genetics; D004721:Endoplasmic Reticulum / Q000378:metabolism; D019143:Evolution, Molecular; D005091:Exons / Q000235:genetics; D020869:Gene Expression Profiling; D018506:Gene Expression Regulation, Plant; D020131:Genes, Duplicate; D017343:Genes, Plant; D007438:Introns / Q000235:genetics; D016013:Likelihood Functions; D008954:Models, Biological; D005810:Multigene Family; D059372:Nucleotide Motifs / Q000235:genetics; D010802:Phylogeny; D010940:Plant Proteins / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism; D030821:Plants, Genetically Modified; D011485:Protein Binding; D013025:Glycine max / Q000235:genetics*; D013312:Stress, Physiological / Q000235:genetics; D013347:Subcellular Fractions / Q000378:metabolism; D026801:Synteny / Q000235:genetics; D014157:Transcription Factors / Q000235:genetics*; D015533:Transcriptional Activation / Q000235:genetics
D010940:Plant Proteins; D014157:Transcription Factors
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