Gondwanan conifer clones imperilled by bushfire.
Global increases in fire frequency driven by anthropogenic greenhouse emissions and land use change could threaten unique and ancient species by creeping into long-term fire refugia. The perhumid and mountainous western half of Tasmania is a globally important refugium for palaeo-endemic, fire intolerant lineages, especially conifers. Reproductive strategy will be crucial to the resilience of these organisms under warmer, dryer and more fire prone climates. This study analysed clonal versus sexual reproduction in old growth plots dominated by the palaeo-endemic conifer Athrotaxis cupressoides (Cupressaceae), a species that lacks any traits to tolerate frequent landscape fire. Across most of the seven plots the amount of sexually derived individuals was lower than clonally derived with, on average, 60% of all stems belonging to the same multi-locus lineage (MLL) (i.e. were clonal). Some MLLs were large spanning over 10 s of metres and consisted of up to 62 stems. The high mortality after fire and the rarity of sexual regeneration means that the range of this fire-intolerant species is likely to contract under enhanced fire regimes and has a limited capacity to disperse via seed to available fire refugia in the landscape.
Department of Forest Molecular Genetics and Biotechnology, Forestry and Forest Products Research Institute, 1 Matsunosato, Ibaraki 305-8687, Japan.
James R P
JR
Worth
Graduate School of Human and Environmental Studies, Kyoto University, Yoshida-Nihonmatsu-cho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan.
Shota
S
Sakaguchi
School of Biological Sciences, University of Tasmania, Private Bag 55, Hobart, Tas. 7001, Australia.
Karl D
KD
Rann
School of Biological Sciences, University of Tasmania, Private Bag 55, Hobart, Tas. 7001, Australia.
Clarence J W
CJ
Bowman
Laboratory of Plant Evolution and Biodiversity, Department of General Systems Studies, Graduate School of Arts and Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan.
Motomi
M
Ito
School of Biological Sciences, University of Tasmania, Private Bag 55, Hobart, Tas. 7001, Australia.
Gregory J
GJ
Jordan
School of Biological Sciences, University of Tasmania, Private Bag 55, Hobart, Tas. 7001, Australia.
David M J S
DM
Bowman
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