iTRAQ-Based Proteomics Analysis of Serum Proteins in Wistar Rats Treated with Sodium Fluoride: Insight into the Potential Mechanism and Candidate Biomarkers of Fluorosis.
Fluorosis induced by exposure to high level fluoride is quite widespread in the world. The manifestations of fluorosis include dental mottling, bone damage, and impaired malfunction of soft tissues. However, the molecular mechanism of fluorosis has not been clarified until now. To explore the underlying mechanisms of fluorosis and screen out serum biomarkers, we carried out a quantitative proteomics study to identify differentially expressed serum proteins in Wistar rats treated with sodium fluoride (NaF) by using a proteomics approach of isobaric tagging for relative and absolute quantitation (iTRAQ). We fed Wistar rats drinking water that had 50, 150, and 250 mg/L of dissolved NaF for 24 weeks. For the experimental duration, each rat was given an examination of the lower incisors to check for the condition of dental fluorosis (DF). By the end of the treatment, fluoride ion concentration in serum and lower incisors were detected. The results showed that NaF treatment can induce rat fluorosis. By iTRAQ analysis, a total of 37 differentially expressed serum proteins were identified between NaF-treated and control rats. These proteins were further analyzed by bioinformatics, out of which two proteins were validated by enzyme-linked immunoadsorbent assays (ELISA). The major proteins were involved in complement and coagulation cascade, inflammatory response, complement activation, defense response, and wound response, suggesting that inflammation and immune reactions may play a key role in fluorosis pathogenesis. These proteins may contribute to the understanding of the mechanism of fluoride toxicity, and may serve as potential biomarkers for fluorosis.
Department of Environmental Hygiene, School of Public Health, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang 550025, China. weiyandc@aliyun.com.|Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Monitoring and Disease Control, Ministry of Education, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang 550025, China. weiyandc@aliyun.com.
Yan
Y
Wei
Department of Environmental Hygiene, School of Public Health, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang 550025, China. 13506904122@163.com.
Beibei
B
Zeng
Department of Environmental Hygiene, School of Public Health, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang 550025, China. huazhang202@126.com.|Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Monitoring and Disease Control, Ministry of Education, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang 550025, China. huazhang202@126.com.
Hua
H
Zhang
College of Life Science and Oceanography, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China. chenchengszu@163.com.
Cheng
C
Chen
Department of Environmental Hygiene, School of Public Health, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang 550025, China. yangfanwyl@163.com.
Yanli
Y
Wu
Department of Environmental Hygiene, School of Public Health, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang 550025, China. nanlan67@126.com.
Nanlan
N
Wang
Department of Environmental Hygiene, School of Public Health, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang 550025, China. wuyanqiu1257@163.com.
Yanqiu
Y
Wu
College of Life Science and Oceanography, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China. slm@szu.edu.cn.
Liming
L
Shen
biomarkers; fluorosis; iTRAQ; proteomics; rats; serum; sodium fluoride
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