Biomarkers in Search of Precision Medicine in IBD.
The completion of the human genome project in 2003 represented a major scientific landmark, ushering in a new era with hopes and expectations of fresh insights into disease mechanisms and treatments. In inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), many important discoveries soon followed, notably the identification of >200 genetic susceptibility loci and characterization of the gut microbiome. As "big data", driven by advances in technology, becomes increasingly available and affordable, individuals with IBD and clinicians alike yearn for tangible outcomes from the promise of "precision medicine"-precise diagnosis, monitoring, and treatment. Here, we provide a commentary on the prospects and challenges of precision medicine and biomarkers in IBD. We focus on the three key areas where precision IBD will have the most impact: (1) disease susceptibility, activity, and behavior; (2) prediction of drug response and adverse effects; and (3) identification of subphenotypic mechanisms to facilitate drug discovery and selection of new treatments in IBD.
MRC Centre for Inflammation Research, Queens Medical Research Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK.|Department of Gastroenterology, Monash Health, Clayton, Victoria, Australia.
Ray K
RK
Boyapati
Gastrointestinal Unit, Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, Western General Hospital, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK.
Rahul
R
Kalla
Gastrointestinal Unit, Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, Western General Hospital, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK.
Jack
J
Satsangi
MRC Centre for Inflammation Research, Queens Medical Research Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK.|Gastrointestinal Unit, Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, Western General Hospital, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK.
Gwo-Tzer
GT
Ho
D015415:Biomarkers; D055808:Drug Discovery; D064420:Drug-Related Side Effects and Adverse Reactions / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D005765:Gastrointestinal Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use; D000069196:Gastrointestinal Microbiome; D020022:Genetic Predisposition to Disease; D055106:Genome-Wide Association Study; D006801:Humans; D015212:Inflammatory Bowel Diseases / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism; D010641:Phenotype; D057285:Precision Medicine; D016896:Treatment Outcome
D015415:Biomarkers; D005765:Gastrointestinal Agents
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