Physiological plasticity and local adaptation to elevatedpCO2in calcareous algae: an ontogenetic and geographic approach.
To project how ocean acidification will impact biological communities in the future, it is critical to understand the potential for local adaptation and the physiological plasticity of marine organisms throughout their entire life cycle, as some stages may be more vulnerable than others. Coralline algae are ecosystem engineers that play significant functional roles in oceans worldwide and are considered vulnerable to ocean acidification. Using different stages of coralline algae, we tested the hypothesis that populations living in environments with higher environmental variability and exposed to higher levels of pCO2would be less affected by high pCO2than populations from a more stable environment experiencing lower levels of pCO2. Our results show that spores are less sensitive to elevated pCO2than adults. Spore growth and mortality were not affected by pCO2level; however, elevated pCO2negatively impacted the physiology and growth rates of adults, with stronger effects in populations that experienced both lower levels of pCO2and lower variability in carbonate chemistry, suggesting local adaptation. Differences in physiological plasticity and the potential for adaptation could have important implications for the ecological and evolutionary responses of coralline algae to future environmental changes.
School of Aquatic and Fishery Sciences University of Washington Seattle WA USA; Department of Biology California State University Dominguez Hills Carson CA USA.
Jacqueline L
JL
Padilla-Gamiño
Instituto de Ciencias Ambientales y Evolutivas Facultad de Ciencias Universidad Austral de Chile Valdivia Chile; CSIRO Oceans and Atmosphere Hobart TAS Australia.
Juan Diego
JD
Gaitán-Espitia
Department of Biological Sciences Louisiana State University Baton Rouge LA USA.
Morgan W
MW
Kelly
Ecology, Evolution and Marine Biology University of California, Santa Barbara Santa Barbara CA USA.
Gretchen E
GE
Hofmann
California; life‐history stages; local adaptation; ocean acidification; photosynthesis; physiological plasticity; spore; upwelling
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