Titanium Ions Release from an Innovative Titanium-Magnesium Composite: an in Vitro Study.
BACKGROUND
The innovative titanium-magnesium composite (Ti-Mg) was produced by powder metallurgy (P/M) method and is characterized in terms of corrosion behavior.


METHODS
Two groups of experimental material, 1 mass% (Ti-1Mg) and 2 mass% (Ti-2Mg) of magnesium in titanium matrix, were tested and compared to commercially pure titanium (CP Ti). Immersion test and chemical analysis of four solutions: artificial saliva; artificial saliva pH 4; artificial saliva with fluoride and Hank balanced salt solution were performed after 42 days of immersion, using inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) to detect the amount of released titanium ions (Ti). SEM and EDS analysis were used for surface characterization.


RESULTS
The difference between the results from different test solutions was assessed by ANOVA and Newman-Keuls test at p<0.05. The influence of predictor variables was found by multiple regression analysis. The results of the present study revealed a low corrosion rate of titanium from the experimental Ti-Mg group. Up to 46 and 23 times lower dissolution of Ti from Ti-1Mg and Ti-2Mg, respectively was observed compared to the control group. Among the tested solutions, artificial saliva with fluorides exhibited the highest corrosion effect on all specimens tested. SEM micrographs showed preserved dual phase surface structure and EDS analysis suggested a favorable surface bioactivity.


CONCLUSIONS
In conclusion, Ti-Mg produced by P/M as a material with better corrosion properties when compared to CP Ti is suggested.
Private Dental Office Zlatko Stanec, DMD, Samobor, Croatia.
Zlatko
Z
Stanec
Karlovac University of Applied Sciences, Department for general and organic chemistry, Karlovac, Croatia.
Jasna
J
Halambek
Hrvatske Vode, Main Water Managment Laboratory, Zagreb, Croatia.
Krešimir
K
Maldini
Slovak Academy of Sciences, Institute of materials and machine mechanics, Bratislava, Slovakia.
Martin
M
Balog
Slovak Academy of Sciences, Institute of materials and machine mechanics, Bratislava, Slovakia.
Peter
P
Križik
University of Zagreb, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering and Naval Architecture, Zagreb, Croatia.
Zdravko
Z
Schauperl
University of Zagreb, School of Dental Medicine, Department of Prosthodontics, Zagreb, Croatia.
Amir
A
Ćatić
Corrosion; Immersion; Ion Exchange; Magnesium; Saliva, Artificial; Titanium
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