Synchrotron Imaging Assessment of Bone Quality.
Bone is a complex hierarchical structure, and its principal function is to resist mechanical forces and fracture. Bone strength depends not only on the quantity of bone tissue but also on the shape and hierarchical structure. The hierarchical levels are interrelated, especially the micro-architecture, collagen and mineral components; hence, analysis of their specific roles in bone strength and stiffness is difficult. Synchrotron imaging technologies including micro-CT and small/wide angle X-ray scattering/diffraction are becoming increasingly popular for studying bone because the images can resolve deformations in the micro-architecture and collagen-mineral matrix under in situ mechanical loading. Synchrotron cannot be directly applied in vivo due to the high radiation dose but will allow researchers to carry out systematic multifaceted studies of bone ex vivo. Identifying characteristics of aging and disease will underpin future efforts to generate novel devices and interventional therapies for assessing and promoting healthy aging. With our own research work as examples, this paper introduces how synchrotron imaging technology can be used with in situ testing in bone research.
Department of Mechanical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Imperial College London, London, SW7 2AZ UK ; MSk Laboratory, Department of Surgery and Cancer, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, W6 8PR UK.
Shaocheng
S
Ma
MSk Laboratory, Department of Surgery and Cancer, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, W6 8PR UK.
Oliver
O
Boughton
Department of Mechanical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Moratuwa, Moratuwa, 10400 Sri Lanka.
Angelo
A
Karunaratne
Department of Mechanical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Imperial College London, London, SW7 2AZ UK ; MSk Laboratory, Department of Surgery and Cancer, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, W6 8PR UK.
Andi
A
Jin
MSk Laboratory, Department of Surgery and Cancer, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, W6 8PR UK.
Justin
J
Cobb
Department of Mechanical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Imperial College London, London, SW7 2AZ UK.
Ulrich
U
Hansen
MSk Laboratory, Department of Surgery and Cancer, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, W6 8PR UK.
Richard
R
Abel
Microstructure; Nanomechanics; Synchrotron X-ray imaging
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