Antenatal glucocorticoids and neonatal inflammation-associated proteins.
To date, studies of the relationship between antenatal glucocorticoids (AGC) and neonatal inflammation in preterm newborns have been largely limited to umbilical cord blood specimens.



To explore the association between exposure to antenatal glucocorticoids and concentrations of inflammation-related proteins in whole blood collected from very preterm newborns at multiple times during the first postnatal month.



We measured the protein concentrations on postnatal day 1 (N=1118), day 7 (N=1138), day 14 (N=1030), day 21 (N=936) and day 28 (N=877) from infants born before the 28th week of gestation and explored the relationship between antenatal steroid receipt and protein concentrations in the highest and lowest quartiles. The creation of multinomial logistic regression models (adjusted for potential confounders) allowed us calculate odds ratios and 95% confidence intervals.



Twenty of 420 assessments [21 (proteins)×2 (exposure levels: partial and full)×2 (quartile levels: top and bottom)×5 (days)] were statistically significant without any cohesive pattern.



Among infants born before 28 weeks of gestational age, neither full, nor partial courses of antenatal glucocorticoids have a sustained anti-inflammatory effect.
Division of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada; Department of Newborn Medicine, King Abdullah bin Abdulaziz University Hospital, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. Electronic address: msfaden@pnu.edu.sa.
Maheer
M
Faden
Department of Laboratory Medicine, Children's and Women's Health, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway.
Mari
M
Holm
Department of Neurology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States; Neuroepidemiology Unit, Department of Neurology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, United States.
Elizabeth
E
Allred
Laboratory of Genital Tract Biology, Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Biology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, United States.
Raina
R
Fichorova
Department of Public Health and Community Medicine, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, United States; Perinatal Neuropidemiology Unit, Hannover Medical School, 30625 Hannover, Germany.
Olaf
O
Dammann
Department of Neurology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States; Neuroepidemiology Unit, Department of Neurology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, United States.
Alan
A
Leviton
D001798:Blood Proteins / Q000378:metabolism*; D005260:Female; D005938:Glucocorticoids / Q000097:blood*; D006801:Humans; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D007234:Infant, Premature / Q000097:blood*; D007249:Inflammation / Q000097:blood; D008297:Male
D001798:Blood Proteins; D005938:Glucocorticoids
Antenatal glucocorticoids; Blood proteins; Infant; Inflammation; Prematurity; Preterm birth
Acta Paediatr. 2012 Apr;101(4):355-9
22085230
Am J Epidemiol. 2009 Oct 1;170(7):819-28
19713285
Early Hum Dev. 2011 Aug;87(8):559-64
21576006
J Reprod Immunol. 2011 Aug;90(2):235-43
21722967
Am J Obstet Gynecol. 2008 Jul;199(1):52.e1-52.e10
18313635
Pediatr Res. 2014 Jul;76(1):100-8
24732104
Cytokine. 2012 Jan;57(1):182-90
22133344
Pediatr Res. 2011 Jan;69(1):68-73
20921924
Acta Paediatr. 2010 Mar;99(3):338-43
19922507
Pediatr Res. 2014 Mar;75(3):376-80
24429547
J Child Neurol. 2013 Dec;28(12):1637-45
23112243
Pediatr Res. 1999 Nov;46(5):566-75
10541320
mBio. 2011 Jan 18;2(1):e00280-10
21264056
Pediatr Res. 2011 Apr;69(4):347-53
21150694
Pediatrics. 1972 Oct;50(4):515-25
4561295
Am J Obstet Gynecol. 2008 Jan;198(1):110.e1-7
18166321
Am J Epidemiol. 2008 Nov 1;168(9):980-9
18756014
Endocrinology. 2013 Mar;154(3):993-1007
23384835
Obstet Gynecol. 2002 May;99(5 Pt 1):871-3
11978304
Cytokine. 2013 Jan;61(1):315-22
23148992
Arch Dis Child Fetal Neonatal Ed. 2014 Jan;99(1):F12-20
24142624
J Matern Fetal Neonatal Med. 2013 Oct;26(15):1542-7
23565886
Am J Obstet Gynecol. 2011 May;204(5):418.e1-418.e12
21349490
Pediatr Dev Pathol. 2008 Jan-Feb;11(1):15-22
18237241
Pediatr Res. 1997 Jul;42(1):1-8
9212029
Cytokine. 2011 Jan;53(1):66-73
20934883
Curr Mol Med. 2014;14(6):793-801
25056537
Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol. 2003 Apr;284(4):L633-42
12471018
Anal Chem. 2008 Jun 15;80(12):4741-51
18484740
Pediatr Res. 1999 Mar;45(3):306-12
10088646
Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2006 Jul 19;(3):CD004454
16856047
Isr Med Assoc J. 2010 Jul;12(7):419-23
20862823
Pediatrics. 2009 Apr;123(4):1132-41
19336372
Pediatr Res. 2004 May;55(5):764-8
14973182
Int J Epidemiol. 1978 Dec;7(4):373-5
744677
Early Hum Dev. 1987 Jan;15(1):45-52
3816638
J Pediatr (Rio J). 2012 Jan-Feb;88(1):61-6
22344368
Arch Pathol Lab Med. 1991 Jul;115(7):704-8
2064531
PLoS One. 2014 Mar 19;9(3):e92505
24647589
Pathology. 2008 Jun;40(4):372-6
18446627
Am J Obstet Gynecol. 2005 Sep;193(3 Pt 2):1165-9
16157131
Am J Obstet Gynecol. 2004 Oct;191(4):1375-81
15507968
J Pediatr. 2011 Jun;158(6):897-903.e1-5
21238986
Am J Reprod Immunol. 2015 Feb;73(2):162-74
25164433
Am J Obstet Gynecol. 1999 Oct;181(4):773-9
10521727