Ten-Year Course of Cosmic Transcendence in Older Adults in the Netherlands.
Objectives Gerotranscendence is defined as a transition from a materialistic and rationalistic perspective to a more cosmic and transcendent view of life accompanying the aging process. Would gerotranscendence levels still increase in later life? The current prospective study investigates 10-year trajectories of cosmic transcendence (a core dimension of gerotranscendence). Methods Four interview cycles of the Longitudinal Aging Study Amsterdam with 3-year intervals from 1995 to 2006 provide data on cosmic transcendence, demographics (ages 57-85), religiousness, health, sense of mastery, and humor coping. Data are available for 2,257 respondents and 1,533 respondents in multivariate models. Results Latent Class Growth Analysis shows three course trajectories of cosmic transcendence: stable high, intermediate with a decrease, and stable low. Higher levels are predicted by age, importance of prayer, Roman Catholic affiliation, a low sense of mastery, higher cognitive ability, and humor coping. Similar results were obtained for the respondents who died during the study ( N = 378). Discussion Although levels of cosmic transcendence do not show much change during 10 years of follow-up, the oldest respondents nonetheless attain the highest cosmic transcendence levels. An inclination toward relativism and contemplation may facilitate cosmic transcendence. However, lower cognitive ability probably impairs the development toward cosmic transcendence.
1 VU University Medical Center, EMGO Institute for Health and Care Research, Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Longitudinal Aging Study Amsterdam, The Netherlands.|2 University of Humanistic Studies, Utrecht, The Netherlands.|3 Altrecht Mental Health Care, Department of Emergency Psychiatry and Department of Residency Training, Utrecht, The Netherlands.
Arjan W
AW
Braam
1 VU University Medical Center, EMGO Institute for Health and Care Research, Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Longitudinal Aging Study Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
Henrike
H
Galenkamp
2 University of Humanistic Studies, Utrecht, The Netherlands.
Peter
P
Derkx
1 VU University Medical Center, EMGO Institute for Health and Care Research, Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Longitudinal Aging Study Amsterdam, The Netherlands.|4 NOVA-Norwegian Social Research, Department of Ageing Research and Housing Studies, Oslo, Norway.
Marja J
MJ
Aartsen
1 VU University Medical Center, EMGO Institute for Health and Care Research, Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Longitudinal Aging Study Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
Dorly J H
DJH
Deeg
aging; cosmic transcendence; gerotranscendence; religiosity; spirituality