Phlorofucofuroeckol Improves Glutamate-Induced Neurotoxicity through Modulation of Oxidative Stress-Mediated Mitochondrial Dysfunction in PC12 Cells.
Stroke is a complex neurodegenerative disorder with a clinically high prevalence and mortality. Despite many efforts to protect against ischemic stroke, its incidence and related permanent disabilities continue to increase. In this study, we found that pretreatment with phlorofucofuroeckol (PFF), isolated from brown algae species, significantly increased cell viability in glutamate-stimulated PC12 cells. Additionally, glutamate-stimulated cells showed irregular morphology, but PFF pretreatment resulted in improved cell morphology, which resembled that in cells cultured under normal conditions. We further showed that PFF pretreatment effectively inhibited glutamate-induced apoptotic cell death in a caspase-dependent manner. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) induced by oxidative stress are closely associated with ischemia-induced neurological diseases. Exposure of PC12 cells to glutamate induced abundant production of intracellular ROS and mitochondrial dysfunction, which was attenuated by PFF in a dose-dependent manner. In vivo studies revealed that PFF-mediated prevention was achieved predominantly through inhibition of apoptosis and mitochondrial ROS generation. Taken together, these results suggest the possibility of PFF as a neuroprotective agent in ischemic stroke.
Department of Biomedical Science, Jungwon University, Geosan, Chungbuk, South Korea.|Anatomy, College of Medicine, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, South Korea.|Brain Research Institute, College of Medicine, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, South Korea.|LES Corporation Inc., Daejeon, South Korea.
Jwa-Jin
JJ
Kim
Department of Biomedical Science, Jungwon University, Geosan, Chungbuk, South Korea.
Yoon-Joong
YJ
Kang
Anatomy, College of Medicine, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, South Korea.
Sun-Ae
SA
Shin
Department of Anatomy, College of Medicine, Konyang University, Daejeon, South Korea.
Dong-Ho
DH
Bak
Material Science and Engineering, Jungwon University, Geosan, Chungbuk, South Korea.
Jae Won
JW
Lee
Biochemistry, College of Medicine, Konyang University, Daejeon, South Korea.
Kyung Bok
KB
Lee
Microbiology, College of Medicine, Konyang University, Daejeon, South Korea.
Yung Choon
YC
Yoo
Pharmacology, College of Medicine, Konyang University, Daejeon, South Korea.
Do-Kyung
DK
Kim
Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Hanbat National University, Daejeon, South Korea.
Bong Ho
BH
Lee
Department of Medical Science, College of Medicine, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, South Korea.|Anatomy, College of Medicine, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, South Korea.|Brain Research Institute, College of Medicine, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, South Korea.
Dong Woon
DW
Kim
Department of Medical Science, College of Medicine, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, South Korea.|Infection Biology, College of Medicine, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, South Korea.
Jina
J
Lee
Department of Medical Science, College of Medicine, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, South Korea.|Microbiology, College of Medicine, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, South Korea.
Eun-Kyeong
EK
Jo
Department of Medical Science, College of Medicine, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, South Korea.|Infection Biology, College of Medicine, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, South Korea.
Jae-Min
http://orcid.org/0000-0002-0630-9194
JM
Yuk
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