Electronic cigarette aerosol induces significantly less cytotoxicity than tobacco smoke.
Electronic cigarettes (E-cigarettes) are a potential means of addressing the harm to public health caused by tobacco smoking by offering smokers a less harmful means of receiving nicotine. As e-cigarettes are a relatively new phenomenon, there are limited scientific data on the longer-term health effects of their use. This study describes a robust in vitro method for assessing the cytotoxic response of e-cigarette aerosols that can be effectively compared with conventional cigarette smoke. This was measured using the regulatory accepted Neutral Red Uptake assay modified for air-liquid interface (ALI) exposures. An exposure system, comprising a smoking machine, traditionally used for in vitro tobacco smoke exposure assessments, was adapted for use with e-cigarettes to expose human lung epithelial cells at the ALI. Dosimetric analysis methods using real-time quartz crystal microbalances for mass, and post-exposure chemical analysis for nicotine, were employed to detect/distinguish aerosol dilutions from a reference Kentucky 3R4F cigarette and two commercially available e-cigarettes (Vype eStick and ePen). ePen aerosol induced 97%, 94% and 70% less cytotoxicity than 3R4F cigarette smoke based on matched EC50values at different dilutions (1:5 vs. 1:153 vol:vol), mass (52.1 vs. 3.1 μg/cm2) and nicotine (0.89 vs. 0.27 μg/cm2), respectively. Test doses where cigarette smoke and e-cigarette aerosol cytotoxicity were observed are comparable with calculated daily doses in consumers. Such experiments could form the basis of a larger package of work including chemical analyses, in vitro toxicology tests and clinical studies, to help assess the safety of current and next generation nicotine and tobacco products.
a British American Tobacco, R&D Centre , Southampton , Hampshire , UK.
David
D
Azzopardi
a British American Tobacco, R&D Centre , Southampton , Hampshire , UK.
Kharishma
K
Patel
a British American Tobacco, R&D Centre , Southampton , Hampshire , UK.
Tomasz
T
Jaunky
a British American Tobacco, R&D Centre , Southampton , Hampshire , UK.
Simone
S
Santopietro
a British American Tobacco, R&D Centre , Southampton , Hampshire , UK.
Oscar M
OM
Camacho
a British American Tobacco, R&D Centre , Southampton , Hampshire , UK.
John
J
McAughey
a British American Tobacco, R&D Centre , Southampton , Hampshire , UK.
Marianna
M
Gaça
D000336:Aerosols / Q000633:toxicity*; D001980:Bronchi / Q000187:drug effects / Q000473:pathology; D018929:Cell Culture Techniques; D002460:Cell Line; D002470:Cell Survival / Q000187:drug effects; D004847:Epithelial Cells / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000473:pathology; D006801:Humans; D009538:Nicotine / Q000633:toxicity; D012906:Smoke / Q000009:adverse effects*; D018675:Toxicity Tests / Q000379:methods; D014026:Nicotiana
D000336:Aerosols; D012906:Smoke; D009538:Nicotine
Air–liquid interface; e-cigarettes; lung epithelial cells; tobacco smoke
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