Influenza vaccine as a coronary intervention for prevention of myocardial infarction.
Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is the leading cause of morbidity and mortality globally. Influenza is one of the leading infectious causes of morbidity and mortality globally, and evidence is accumulating that it can precipitate acute myocardial infarction (AMI). This is thought to be due to a range of factors including inflammatory release of cytokines, disruption of atherosclerotic plaques and thrombogenesis, which may acutely occlude a coronary artery. There is a large body of observational and clinical trial evidence that shows that influenza vaccine protects against AMI. Estimates of the efficacy of influenza vaccine in preventing AMI range from 15% to 45%. This is a similar range of efficacy compared with the accepted routine coronary prevention measures such as smoking cessation (32-43%), statins (19-30%) and antihypertensive therapy (17-25%). Influenza vaccine should be considered as an integral part of CVD management and prevention. While it is recommended in many guidelines for patients with CVD, rates of vaccination in risk groups aged <65 years are very low, in the range of 30%. The incorporation of vaccination into routine CVD prevention in patient care requires a clinical practice paradigm change.
School of Public Health and Community Medicine, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia.|College of Public Service & Community Solutions, Arizona State University, Phoenix, Arizona, USA.
C Raina
CR
MacIntyre
School of Public Health and Community Medicine, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia.
Abela
A
Mahimbo
School of Public Health and Community Medicine, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia.
Aye M
AM
Moa
School of Public Health and Community Medicine, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia.
Michelle
M
Barnes
D000818:Animals; D000959:Antihypertensive Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use; D050171:Dyslipidemias / Q000150:complications / Q000188:drug therapy; D006801:Humans; D019161:Hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA Reductase Inhibitors / Q000627:therapeutic use; D006973:Hypertension / Q000150:complications / Q000188:drug therapy; D007252:Influenza Vaccines / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D007251:Influenza, Human / Q000150:complications / Q000517:prevention & control* / Q000821:virology; D009203:Myocardial Infarction / Q000517:prevention & control* / Q000821:virology; D018570:Risk Assessment; D012307:Risk Factors; D055502:Secondary Prevention / Q000379:methods*; D012907:Smoking / Q000009:adverse effects; D016540:Smoking Cessation; D000074606:Smoking Prevention; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D014611:Vaccination
D000959:Antihypertensive Agents; D019161:Hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA Reductase Inhibitors; D007252:Influenza Vaccines
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