Classification and quantification of palm oil adulteration via portable NIR spectroscopy.
Short wave near infrared spectroscopy (NIR) method was used to detect the presence of lard adulteration in palm oil. MicroNIR was set up in two different scan modes to study the effect of path length to the performance of spectral measurement. Pure and adulterated palm oil sample were classified using soft independent modeling class analogy (SIMCA) algorithm with model accuracy more than 0.95 reported for both transflectance and transmission modes. Additionally, by employing partial least square (PLS) regression, the coefficient of determination (R2) of transflectance and transmission were 0.9987 and 0.9994 with root mean square error of calibration (RMSEC) of 0.5931 and 0.6703 respectively. In order to remove the uninformative variables, variable selection using cumulative adaptive reweighted sampling (CARS) has been performed. The result of R2and RMSEC after variable selection for transflectance and transmission were improved significantly. Based on the result of classification and quantification analysis, the transmission mode has yield better prediction model compared to the transflectance mode to distinguish the pure and adulterated palm oil.
Faculty of Electrical Engineering, Universiti Teknologi MARA, 40450 Shah Alam, Selangor, Malaysia; Photonics Department, MIMOS Berhad, 57000 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
Katrul Nadia
KN
Basri
Photonics Department, MIMOS Berhad, 57000 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia; Laboratory of Halal Science Research, Institute of Halal Products Research Institute, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 Serdang, Malaysia.
Mutia Nurulhusna
MN
Hussain
Laboratory of Halal Science Research, Institute of Halal Products Research Institute, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 Serdang, Malaysia.
Jamilah
J
Bakar
Faculty of Electrical Engineering, Universiti Teknologi MARA, 40450 Shah Alam, Selangor, Malaysia.
Zaiton
Z
Sharif
Photonics Department, MIMOS Berhad, 57000 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
Mohd Fared Abdul
MFA
Khir
Faculty of Electrical Engineering, Universiti Teknologi MARA, 40450 Shah Alam, Selangor, Malaysia. Electronic address: ahmad074@salam.uitm.edu.my.
Ahmad Sabirin
AS
Zoolfakar
D000465:Algorithms; D002138:Calibration; D004041:Dietary Fats / Q000032:analysis; D005506:Food Contamination / Q000032:analysis*; D016018:Least-Squares Analysis; D000073878:Palm Oil / Q000032:analysis* / Q000737:chemistry*; D012815:Signal Processing, Computer-Assisted; D019265:Spectroscopy, Near-Infrared / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods*
D004041:Dietary Fats; D000073878:Palm Oil; C029310:lard
Chemometric; Classification analysis; Fat and oil; Near infrared spectroscopy; Quantification analysis