Physical activity, black carbon exposure and airway inflammation in an urban adolescent cohort.
OBJECTIVE
Regular physical activity can improve cardiopulmonary health; however, increased respiratory rates and tidal volumes during activity may increase the effective internal dose of air pollution exposure. Our objective was to investigate the impact of black carbon (BC) measured by personal sampler on the relationship between physical activity and fractional exhaled nitric oxide (FeNO), a marker of airway inflammation. We hypothesized that higher personal BC would attenuate the protective effect of physical activity on airway inflammation.


METHODS
We performed a cross-sectional study nested in a birth cohort of African American and Dominican children living in the Bronx and Northern Manhattan, New York City. Children were recruited based on age (target 9-14 year olds) and presence (n=70) or absence (n=59) of current asthma. Children wore wrist mounted accelerometers for 6 days and were classified as 'active' if they had ≥60min of moderate-to-vigorous activity (MVA) each day and 'non-active' if they had <60min of MVA on any given day, based on CDC guidelines. Personal BC measured using a MicroAeth, was assessed during two 24-h periods, at the beginning and end of physical activity assessment. High BC was defined as the upper tertile of BC measured with personal sampler. FeNO measurements were sampled at the beginning and end of the of physical activity assessment.


RESULTS
In multivariable linear regression models, 'active' children had 25% higher personal BC concentrations (p=0.02) and 20% lower FeNO (p=0.04) compared to 'non-active' children. Among children with high personal BC (n=33), there was no relationship between activity and FeNO (p=1.00). The significant protective relationship between activity and airway inflammation was largely driven by children with lower personal BC (n=96, p=0.04).


CONCLUSIONS
Children that live in an urban environment and are physically active on a daily basis have higher personal exposure to BC. High BC offsets the protective relationship between physical activity and airway inflammation.
Division of Pediatric Pulmonology, Department of Pediatrics, College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, 3959 Broadway CHC-745, New York, NY 10032, United States. Electronic address: sl3230@cumc.columbia.edu.
Stephanie
S
Lovinsky-Desir
Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care of Medicine, Department of Medicine, College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, PH8E-101, 630 W. 168S., New York, NY 10032, United States.
Kyung Hwa
KH
Jung
Department of Epidemiology, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, 722 W. 168S., New York, NY 10032, United States.
Andrew G
AG
Rundle
Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, 722 W. 168S., New York, NY 10032, United States; Department of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences, State University of New York, Downstate School of Public Health, Box 43, 450 Clarkson Avenue, Brooklyn, NY 11203, United States.
Lori A
LA
Hoepner
Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care of Medicine, Department of Medicine, College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, PH8E-101, 630 W. 168S., New York, NY 10032, United States.
Joshua B
JB
Bautista
Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, 722 W. 168S., New York, NY 10032, United States.
Frederica P
FP
Perera
Lamont-Doherty Earth Observatory, Columbia University, 61 Rt, 9W Palisades, New York 10964, United States.
Steven N
SN
Chillrud
Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, 722 W. 168S., New York, NY 10032, United States.
Matthew S
MS
Perzanowski
Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care of Medicine, Department of Medicine, College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, PH8E-101, 630 W. 168S., New York, NY 10032, United States; Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, 722 W. 168S., New York, NY 10032, United States; Division of Pediatric Allergy, Immunology, and Rheumatology, Department of Pediatrics, College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, PH8E-101, 630 W. 168 St., New York, NY 10032, United States.
Rachel L
RL
Miller
D000293:Adolescent; D000393:Air Pollutants / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000032:analysis*; D001249:Asthma / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000209:etiology; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D015444:Exercise; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D019570:Inhalation Exposure / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000032:analysis*; D008297:Male; D015999:Multivariate Analysis; D009519:New York City / Q000453:epidemiology; D012044:Regression Analysis; D053260:Soot / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000032:analysis*; D014505:Urban Population
D000393:Air Pollutants; D053260:Soot
Air pollution; Asthma; Exercise; FeNO; Urban environment
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