Anti-cholinergic and Ca2+-antagonist mechanisms explain the pharmacological basis for folkloric use of Sisymbrium irio Linn. in gastrointestinal, airways and vascular system ailments.
BACKGROUND
Seeds of Sisymbrium irio Linn has been used traditionally in different regions of Pakistan for the treatment of gastrointestinal, airways and vascular system ailments. To insight the pharmacological basis, in vitro study was conducted in order to validate its folkloric uses.


METHODS
70% aqueous-methanolic extract of seeds from S. irio (Si.MEs) was tested on isolated rabbit aorta, jejunum and trachea strip hanged in tissue bath having physiological solutions aerated with carbogen and their responses were measured and recorded via Power Lab.


RESULTS
The Si.MEs exhibited the transient spasmogenic effect (0.01-1.0mg/mL) on spontaneous jejunum contractions, followed by the spasmolytic effect. The addition of atropine resulted in blocking in spasmogenic effect while the spasmolytic effect was originated, suggesting the presence of an antimuscarinic effect. Likewise verapamil, Si.MEs (0.03-5mg/mL) repressed the high concentration K+(80mM)-induced contraction and also drifted the Ca2+concentration-response curves toward right (0.3-3.0mg/mL), possibly signifying the Ca2+channel blockade. Furthermore, Si.MEs exhibited nonspecific relaxant effect on carbachol (1µM)- and high concentration K+(80mM)-induced tracheal contractions in a way comparable to dicyclomine, suggesting the coexistence of Ca2+-antagonistic and/or antimuscarinic properties. Additionally, Si.MEs also relaxed the phenylephrine(1µM)- and high concentration K+(80mM)-induced aortic contraction (0.01-3mg/mL), suggesting blockade of Ca2+channel. Moreover, oral administration of Si.MEs, as high as 6g per kg, did not produce lethality among the treated groups of mice.


CONCLUSIONS
Aqueous-methanolic extract of seeds from S. irio (Si.MEs) exhibited the bronchodilator and gut modulator (spasmogenic and spasmolytic) activities, probably through dual blockade of muscarinic receptors and Ca2+channels, whereas, vasodilator effect may be due to Ca2+channels blockade.
School of Pharmacy, The University of Faisalabad, Faisalabad, Pakistan. Electronic address: musaddique.ph@gmail.com.
Musaddique
M
Hussain
School of Pharmacy, The University of Faisalabad, Faisalabad, Pakistan. Electronic address: waqas0135@gmail.com.
Hafiz Muhammad
HM
Waqas
School of Pharmacy, The University of Faisalabad, Faisalabad, Pakistan. Electronic address: shahipharmacist@gmail.com.
Shahid Masood
SM
Raza
School of Pharmacy, The University of Faisalabad, Faisalabad, Pakistan. Electronic address: umer_19@live.com.
Umer
U
Farooq
College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China. Electronic address: masoodkarni786@gmail.com.
Muhammad Masood
MM
Ahmed
Faculty of Pharmacy, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan, Pakistan. Electronic address: abdulmajed@bzu.edu.pk.
Abdul
A
Majeed
D000818:Animals; D001011:Aorta / Q000187:drug effects*; D019607:Brassicaceae / Q000737:chemistry*; D001993:Bronchodilator Agents / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000494:pharmacology; D002121:Calcium Channel Blockers / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000494:pharmacology* / Q000633:toxicity; D018680:Cholinergic Antagonists / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000494:pharmacology* / Q000633:toxicity; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D019448:Ethnobotany; D020834:Ethnopharmacology; D005260:Female; D005495:Folklore; D005765:Gastrointestinal Agents / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000494:pharmacology; D005769:Gastrointestinal Motility / Q000187:drug effects; D066298:In Vitro Techniques; D007583:Jejunum / Q000187:drug effects*; D008297:Male; D000432:Methanol / Q000737:chemistry; D051379:Mice; D009119:Muscle Contraction / Q000187:drug effects; D008517:Phytotherapy; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000494:pharmacology* / Q000633:toxicity; D010946:Plants, Medicinal; D011817:Rabbits; D012639:Seeds / Q000737:chemistry; D012997:Solvents / Q000737:chemistry; D014132:Trachea / Q000187:drug effects*; D014661:Vasoconstriction / Q000187:drug effects; D014665:Vasodilator Agents / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000494:pharmacology
D001993:Bronchodilator Agents; D002121:Calcium Channel Blockers; D018680:Cholinergic Antagonists; D005765:Gastrointestinal Agents; D010936:Plant Extracts; D012997:Solvents; D014665:Vasodilator Agents; D000432:Methanol
Acute toxicity; Atropine sulfate (CID: 5927); Bronchodilator; Carbachol/Carbamylcholine chloride (CID: 5831); Dicyclomine (CID: 3042); Gut modulator; Phenylephrine (CID: 6041); Sisymbrium irio Linn; Vasodilator; Verapamil hydrochloride (CID: 2520)