The association between sleep duration, snoring and prevalent type 2 diabetes mellitus with regard to gender and menopausal status: the CKB study in Zhejiang rural area, China.
OBJECTIVE
To evaluate the association between sleep duration, snoring and diabetes according to gender and menopausal status in rural China.


METHODS
The data were part of the baseline survey of China Kadoorie Biobank, from a rural county in the south-east costal Zhejiang province. Participants including 24,027 men and 33,677 women aged 30-79 years were enrolled during 2004-2008. Multivariable logistic regression was used to calculate adjusted odds ratios (ORs) and 95 % confidence intervals (CIs) for diabetes.


RESULTS
Sleep duration was shown to have a U-shaped association with diabetes in women, in particular in postmenopausal women after adjustment for potential confounders. Compared with 7-h sleepers, ORs (95 % CIs) of sleep duration ≤5 and ≥10 h for diabetes were 1.32 (1.02-1.69) and 1.30 (1.03-1.65), respectively, in postmenopausal women (P for quadratic trend = 0.016). However, this U-shaped association was not obvious in men and premenopausal women. Frequently snoring was positively associated with diabetes in all participants. However, this association was not independent of socioeconomic status, health behaviors, obesity and chronic diseases. With increasing sleep duration, the proportion of frequently snoring increased in all participants (P trend <0.05). Postmenopausal women had 23 % (95 % CI 6-44 %) higher odds of diabetes compared with premenopausal women, and the duration of menopause had cumulative effects on diabetes.


CONCLUSIONS
Short and long sleep durations were significantly associated with diabetes in postmenopausal women, independent of potential confounders. The proportion of frequently snoring had linear trend with sleep duration. Postmenopausal status and the duration of menopause increased the odds of diabetes.
Department of NCDs Control and Prevention, Zhejiang Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, 3399 Binsheng Road, Hangzhou, 310051, China.
Hai-Bin
HB
Wu
Department of NCDs Control and Prevention, Zhejiang Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, 3399 Binsheng Road, Hangzhou, 310051, China.
Hao
H
Wang
Department of NCDs Control and Prevention, Zhejiang Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, 3399 Binsheng Road, Hangzhou, 310051, China.
Ru-Ying
RY
Hu
Department of NCDs Control and Prevention, Zhejiang Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, 3399 Binsheng Road, Hangzhou, 310051, China.
Jie-Ming
JM
Zhong
Tongxiang Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Tongxiang, China.
Yi-Jian
YJ
Qian
Tongxiang Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Tongxiang, China.
Chun-Mei
CM
Wang
Tongxiang Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Tongxiang, China.
Kai-Xu
KX
Xie
Tongxiang Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Tongxiang, China.
Ling-Li
LL
Chen
Department of NCDs Control and Prevention, Zhejiang Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, 3399 Binsheng Road, Hangzhou, 310051, China.
Wei-Wei
WW
Gong
Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China.
Yu
Y
Guo
Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China.
Zheng
Z
Bian
Clinical Trial Service Unit and Epidemiological Studies Unit (CTSU), Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.
Zheng-Ming
ZM
Chen
School of Public Health, Peking University Health Sciences Center, Beijing, China.|Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China.
Li-Ming
LM
Li
Department of NCDs Control and Prevention, Zhejiang Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, 3399 Binsheng Road, Hangzhou, 310051, China. minyu_cdc@126.com.
Min
M
Yu
D000328:Adult; D000367:Age Factors; D000368:Aged; D000886:Anthropometry; D002681:China / Q000453:epidemiology; D002908:Chronic Disease; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D003924:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / Q000453:epidemiology*; D005260:Female; D015438:Health Behavior; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008593:Menopause; D008875:Middle Aged; D009765:Obesity / Q000150:complications / Q000453:epidemiology; D015995:Prevalence; D012727:Sex Characteristics; D012890:Sleep; D012913:Snoring / Q000453:epidemiology*; D012959:Socioeconomic Factors
Diabetes; Epidemiology; Menopause; Sleep duration; Snoring