Thioredoxin and redox signaling: Roles of the thioredoxin system in control of cell fate.
Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are not only cytotoxic products from external and internal environment, but also important mediators of redox signaling. Therefore, thioredoxin (Trx) as an antioxidant maintains the balance of the thiol-related redox status, and also plays pivotal roles in the regulation of redox signaling. Trx senses and responds to environmental oxidative stress and ROS generated by cellular respiration, metabolism, and immune response, and then modulates the redox status, function, and activity of its target signaling proteins. Dysregulation of such the Trx system affects various cellular functions and cell fate such as survival and cell death, leading to human diseases including cancer and inflammation. This review focuses on Trx and its target proteins involved in redox signaling, which are critical for the control of cell fate such as cell survival and apoptosis, and addresses how Trx regulates those effector proteins and redox signaling.
Laboratory of Health Chemistry, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tohoku University, 6-3 Aoba, Aramaki, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Miyagi 980-8578, Japan. Electronic address: matsushi@m.tohoku.ac.jp.
Atsushi
A
Matsuzawa
D000818:Animals; D000975:Antioxidants / Q000737:chemistry; D017209:Apoptosis; D019070:Cell Lineage; D049109:Cell Proliferation; D002470:Cell Survival; D006801:Humans; D007249:Inflammation; D048848:MAP Kinase Kinase Kinase 5 / Q000378:metabolism; D051379:Mice; D010084:Oxidation-Reduction; D018384:Oxidative Stress; D010100:Oxygen / Q000737:chemistry; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species / Q000378:metabolism; D015398:Signal Transduction; D013879:Thioredoxins / Q000378:metabolism*; D014157:Transcription Factors / Q000378:metabolism
D000975:Antioxidants; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species; C491203:TXN protein, human; D014157:Transcription Factors; D013879:Thioredoxins; D048848:MAP Kinase Kinase Kinase 5; C482858:MAP3K5 protein, human; D010100:Oxygen
ASK1; Cell fate; Oxidative stress; Redox; Signal transduction; Thioredoxin