ESX secretion systems: mycobacterial evolution to counter host immunity.
Mycobacterium tuberculosis uses sophisticated secretion systems, named 6 kDa early secretory antigenic target (ESAT6) protein family secretion (ESX) systems (also known as type VII secretion systems), to export a set of effector proteins that helps the pathogen to resist or evade the host immune response. Since the discovery of the esx loci during the M. tuberculosis H37Rv genome project, structural biology, cell biology and evolutionary analyses have advanced our knowledge of the function of these systems. In this Review, we highlight the intriguing roles that these studies have revealed for ESX systems in bacterial survival and pathogenicity during infection with M. tuberculosis. Furthermore, we discuss the diversity of ESX systems that has been described among mycobacteria and selected non-mycobacterial species. Finally, we consider how our knowledge of ESX systems might be applied to the development of novel strategies for the treatment and prevention of disease.
Institut Pasteur, Unit for Integrated Mycobacterial Pathogenomics, Paris 75724, Cedex 15, France.|Department of Pulmonary Diseases &Tuberculosis, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, 9700 RB Groningen, The Netherlands.
Matthias I
MI
Gröschel
Institut Pasteur, Unit for Integrated Mycobacterial Pathogenomics, Paris 75724, Cedex 15, France.
Fadel
F
Sayes
Institut Pasteur, Unit for Integrated Mycobacterial Pathogenomics, Paris 75724, Cedex 15, France.
Roxane
R
Simeone
Institut Pasteur, Unit for Integrated Mycobacterial Pathogenomics, Paris 75724, Cedex 15, France.
Laleh
L
Majlessi
Institut Pasteur, Unit for Integrated Mycobacterial Pathogenomics, Paris 75724, Cedex 15, France.
Roland
R
Brosch
D000818:Animals; D000942:Antigens, Bacterial; D001426:Bacterial Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D001692:Biological Transport; D019143:Evolution, Molecular; D054884:Host-Pathogen Interactions; D006801:Humans; D009169:Mycobacterium tuberculosis / Q000276:immunology* / Q000472:pathogenicity* / Q000502:physiology; D021381:Protein Transport; D014376:Tuberculosis / Q000276:immunology / Q000382:microbiology* / Q000517:prevention & control / Q000628:therapy; D000069377:Type VII Secretion Systems / Q000235:genetics / Q000502:physiology*
D000942:Antigens, Bacterial; D001426:Bacterial Proteins; D000069377:Type VII Secretion Systems
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