Efficient derivation of microglia-like cells from human pluripotent stem cells.
Microglia, the only lifelong resident immune cells of the central nervous system (CNS), are highly specialized macrophages that have been recognized to have a crucial role in neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer's, Parkinson's and adrenoleukodystrophy (ALD). However, in contrast to other cell types of the human CNS, bona fide microglia have not yet been derived from cultured human pluripotent stem cells. Here we establish a robust and efficient protocol for the rapid production of microglia-like cells from human (h) embryonic stem (ES) and induced pluripotent stem (iPS) cells that uses defined serum-free culture conditions. These in vitro pluripotent stem cell-derived microglia-like cells (termed pMGLs) faithfully recapitulate the expected ontogeny and characteristics of their in vivo counterparts, and they resemble primary fetal human and mouse microglia. We generated these cells from multiple disease-specific cell lines and find that pMGLs derived from an hES model of Rett syndrome are smaller than their isogenic controls. We further describe a platform to study the integration and live behavior of pMGLs in organotypic 3D cultures. This modular differentiation system allows for the study of microglia in highly defined conditions as they mature in response to developmentally relevant cues, and it provides a framework in which to study the long-term interactions of microglia residing in a tissue-like environment.
Whitehead Institute for Biomedical Research, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA.
Julien
0000-0003-1889-7023
J
Muffat
Whitehead Institute for Biomedical Research, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA.
Yun
0000-0002-5849-5910
Y
Li
Whitehead Institute for Biomedical Research, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA.
Bingbing
B
Yuan
Whitehead Institute for Biomedical Research, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA.
Maisam
M
Mitalipova
Whitehead Institute for Biomedical Research, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA.|University of Paris-Sud, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale U1169, France.
Attya
A
Omer
Whitehead Institute for Biomedical Research, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA.|Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Department of Biology, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA.
Sean
S
Corcoran
Whitehead Institute for Biomedical Research, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA.|Bryn Mawr College, Bryn Mawr, Pennsylvania, USA.
Grisilda
G
Bakiasi
Picower Institute for Learning and Memory, Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA.
Li-Huei
LH
Tsai
University of Paris-Sud, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale U1169, France.|GTDesign, Kremlin-Bicetre, France.
Patrick
P
Aubourg
Biogen, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA.
Richard M
0000-0003-0175-6910
RM
Ransohoff
Whitehead Institute for Biomedical Research, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA.|Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Department of Biology, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA.
Rudolf
R
Jaenisch
D002454:Cell Differentiation; D000066449:Human Embryonic Stem Cells / Q000166:cytology*; D006801:Humans; D066298:In Vitro Techniques; D057026:Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells / Q000166:cytology*; D017628:Microglia / Q000166:cytology* / Q000276:immunology; D009924:Organ Culture Techniques; D015518:Rett Syndrome / Q000276:immunology
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