Inverse associations between cord vitamin D and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder symptoms: A child cohort study.
OBJECTIVE
To examine the association between cord 25-hydroxyvitamin D2+3(25(OH)D) and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder symptoms in toddlers, using Child Behaviour Checklist for ages 1.5-5.


METHODS
In a population-based birth cohort, a Child Behaviour Checklist for ages 1.5-5 questionnaire was returned from parents of 1233 infants with mean age 2.7 (standard deviation 0.6) years. Adjusted associations between cord 25(OH)D and Child Behaviour Checklist-based attention deficit hyperactivity disorder problems were analysed by multiple regression. Results The median cord 25(OH)D was 44.1 (range: 1.5-127.1) nmol/L. Mean attention deficit hyperactivity disorder problem score was 2.7 (standard deviation 2.1). In adjusted analyses, cord 25(OH)D levels >25 nmol/L and >30 nmol/L were associated with lower attention deficit hyperactivity disorder scores compared to levels ⩽25 nmol/L ( p = 0.035) and ⩽30 nmol/L ( p = 0.043), respectively. The adjusted odds of scoring above the 90th percentile on the Child Behaviour Checklist-based attention deficit hyperactivity disorder problem scale decreased by 11% per 10 nmol/L increase in cord 25(OH)D.


CONCLUSIONS
An inverse association between cord 25(OH)D and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder symptoms in toddlers was found, suggesting a protective effect of prenatal vitamin D.
1 Department of Clinical Research, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark.
Mats H
MH
Mossin
1 Department of Clinical Research, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark.
Jens B
JB
Aaby
2 Research Unit of Environmental Medicine, Department of Public Health, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark.
Christine
C
Dalgård
1 Department of Clinical Research, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark.|3 Hans Christian Andersen Children's Hospital, Odense, Denmark.
Sine
S
Lykkedegn
1 Department of Clinical Research, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark.|3 Hans Christian Andersen Children's Hospital, Odense, Denmark.
Henrik T
HT
Christesen
1 Department of Clinical Research, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark.|4 Department of Child and Adolescent Mental Health Odense, Mental Health Services in the Region of Southern Denmark, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark.
Niels
N
Bilenberg
D015652:25-Hydroxyvitamin D 2 / Q000097:blood*; D001289:Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity / Q000097:blood*; D002112:Calcifediol / Q000097:blood* / Q000378:metabolism; D002675:Child, Preschool; D015331:Cohort Studies; D005260:Female; D005312:Fetal Blood; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D008297:Male
D015652:25-Hydroxyvitamin D 2; D002112:Calcifediol
Child Behaviour Checklist 1.5–5; Hyperactivity disorder; association; cohort study; vitamin D