Reliable measurements of brain atrophy in individual patients with multiple sclerosis.
As neurodegeneration is recognized as a major contributor to disability in multiple sclerosis (MS), brain atrophy quantification could have a high added value in clinical practice to assess treatment efficacy and disease progression, provided that it has a sufficiently low measurement error to draw meaningful conclusions for an individual patient.



In this paper, we present an automated longitudinal method based on Jacobian integration for measuring whole-brain and gray matter atrophy based on anatomical magnetic resonance images (MRI), named MSmetrix. MSmetrixis specifically designed to measure atrophy in patients with MS, by including iterative lesion segmentation and lesion filling based on FLAIR and T1-weighted MRI scans.



MSmetrixis compared with SIENA with respect to test-retest error and consistency, resulting in an average test-retest error on an MS data set of 0.13% (MSmetrix) and 0.17% (SIENA) and a consistency error of 0.07% (MSmetrix) and 0.05% (SIENA). On a healthy subject data set including physiological variability the test-retest is 0.19% (MSmetrix) and 0.31% (SIENA).



Therefore, we can conclude that MSmetrixcould be of added value in clinical practice for the follow-up of treatment and disease progression in MS patients.
R&Dicometrix Leuven Belgium; BioImaging Lab Universiteit Antwerpen Antwerp Belgium.
Dirk
D
Smeets
R&D icometrix Leuven Belgium.
Annemie
A
Ribbens
R&D icometrix Leuven Belgium.
Diana M
DM
Sima
Department of Neurology Center for Neurosciences Universitair Ziekenhuis Brussel, Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB) Brussel Belgium.
Melissa
M
Cambron
Department of Neurology and Center of Clinical Neuroscience Charles University in Prague First Faculty of Medicine and General University Hospital Prague Czech Republic.
Dana
D
Horakova
R&D icometrix Leuven Belgium.
Saurabh
S
Jain
R&D icometrix Leuven Belgium.
Anke
A
Maertens
R&D icometrix Leuven Belgium.
Eline
E
Van Vlierberghe
R&D icometrix Leuven Belgium.
Vasilis
V
Terzopoulos
Department of Neurology Center for Neurosciences Universitair Ziekenhuis Brussel, Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB) Brussel Belgium.
Anne-Marie
AM
Van Binst
Department of Radiology 1st Faculty of Medicine and General University Hospital Charles University Prague Czech Republic.
Manuela
M
Vaneckova
Department of Radiology 1st Faculty of Medicine and General University Hospital Charles University Prague Czech Republic.
Jan
J
Krasensky
Department of Neurology and Center of Clinical Neuroscience Charles University in Prague First Faculty of Medicine and General University Hospital Prague Czech Republic.
Tomas
T
Uher
Department of Radiology 1st Faculty of Medicine and General University Hospital Charles University Prague Czech Republic.
Zdenek
Z
Seidl
Department of Neurology Center for Neurosciences Universitair Ziekenhuis Brussel, Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB) Brussel Belgium.
Jacques
J
De Keyser
National Multiple Sclerosis Centrum Melsbroek Belgium.
Guy
G
Nagels
Department of Neurology Center for Neurosciences Universitair Ziekenhuis Brussel, Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB) Brussel Belgium.
Johan
J
De Mey
Department of Neurology and Center of Clinical Neuroscience Charles University in Prague First Faculty of Medicine and General University Hospital Prague Czech Republic.
Eva
E
Havrdova
R&D icometrix Leuven Belgium.
Wim
W
Van Hecke
MSmetrix; brain atrophy; magnetic resonance images; multiple sclerosis
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