Electrospun Pd nanoparticles loaded on Vulcan carbon/ conductive polymeric ionic liquid nanofibers for selective and sensitive determination of tramadol.
In the present work a sensitive and selective electrochemical sensor was fabricated based on a glassy carbon electrode which has been modified with Pd nanoparticles loaded on Vulcan carbon/conductive polymeric ionic liquid composite nanofibers. The nanostructures were characterized by UV-Vis, FT-IR, FESEM, EDX and XRD techniques. The electrochemical study of the modified electrode, as well as its efficiency for the electrooxidation of tramadol was described in 0.1 M phosphate buffered solution (PBS) (pH 7.0) using cyclic voltammetry, linear sweep voltammetry, chronoamperometry and square wave voltammetry as diagnostic techniques. It has been found that application of the composite nanofibers result in a sensitivity enhancement and a considerable decrease in the anodic overpotential, leading to negative shifts about 200 mV in peak potential. The results exhibit a linear dynamic range from 0.05 μM to 200 μM and a detection limit of 0.015 μM for tramadol. Finally, the modified electrode was used for the determination of tramadol in pharmaceutical and biological samples.
Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, Shahid Bahonar University of Kerman, Kerman, Iran; Young Research Society, Shahid Bahonar University of Kerman, Kerman, Iran.
Fariba
F
Fathirad
Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, Shahid Bahonar University of Kerman, Kerman, Iran.
Ali
A
Mostafavi
Department of Environment, Institute of Science and High Technology and Environmental Sciences, Graduate University of Advanced Technology, Kerman, Iran. Electronic address: daryoush_afzali@yahoo.com.
Daryoush
D
Afzali
D000701:Analgesics, Opioid / Q000032:analysis*; D057230:Limit of Detection; D053768:Metal Nanoparticles / Q000737:chemistry*; D008855:Microscopy, Electron, Scanning; D057139:Nanofibers; D010165:Palladium / Q000737:chemistry*; D014147:Tramadol / Q000032:analysis*
D000701:Analgesics, Opioid; D014147:Tramadol; D010165:Palladium
Composite nanofibers; Electrochemical sensor; Electrooxidation; Electrospinning; Tramadol