The Infection of Cucumber (Cucumis sativusL.) Roots byMeloidogyne incognitaAlters the Expression ofActin-Depolymerizing Factor(ADF) Genes, Particularly in Association with Giant Cell Formation.
Cucumber (Cucumis sativusL.) is threatened by substantial yield losses due to the south root-knot nematode (Meloidogyne incognita). However, understanding of the molecular mechanisms underlying the process of nematode infection is still limited. In this study, we found thatM. incognitainfection affected the structure of cells in cucumber roots and treatment of the cytoskeleton inhibitor (cytochalasin D) reduced root-knot nematode (RKN) parasitism. It is known that Actin-Depolymerizing Factor (ADF) affects cell structure, as well as the organization of the cytoskeleton. To address the hypothesis that nematode-induced abnormal cell structures and cytoskeletal rearrangements might be mediated by theADFgenes, we identified and characterized eight cucumberADF(CsADF) genes. Phylogenetic analysis showed that the cucumberADFgene family is grouped into four ancient subclasses. Expression analysis revealed thatCsADF1, CsADF2-1, CsADF2-2, CsADF2-3(Subclass I), andCsADF6(Subclass III) have higher transcript levels thanCsADF7-1, CsADF7-2(Subclass II genes), andCsADF5(Subclass IV) in roots. Members of subclass I genes (CsADF1, CsADF2-1, CsADF2-2, andCsADF2-3), with the exception ofCsADF2-1, exhibited a induction of expression in roots 14 days after their inoculation (DAI) with nematodes. However, the expression of subclass II genes (CsADF7-1andCsADF7-2) showed no significant change after inoculation. The transcript levels ofCsADF6(Subclass III) showed a specific induction at 21 DAI, whileCsADF5(Subclass IV) was weakly expressed in roots, but was strongly up-regulated as early as 7 DAI. In addition, treatment of roots with cytochalasin D caused an approximately 2-fold down-regulation of theCsADFgenes in the treated plants. These results suggest thatCsADFgene mediated actin dynamics are associated with structural changes in roots as a consequence ofM. incognitainfection.
Key Laboratory of Growth and Developmental Regulation for Protected Vegetable Crops of Beijing, Department of Vegetable Science, College of Horticulture, China Agricultural University Beijing, China.
Bin
B
Liu
Key Laboratory of Growth and Developmental Regulation for Protected Vegetable Crops of Beijing, Department of Vegetable Science, College of Horticulture, China Agricultural University Beijing, China.
Xingwang
X
Liu
Key Laboratory of Growth and Developmental Regulation for Protected Vegetable Crops of Beijing, Department of Vegetable Science, College of Horticulture, China Agricultural University Beijing, China.
Ying
Y
Liu
Key Laboratory of Growth and Developmental Regulation for Protected Vegetable Crops of Beijing, Department of Vegetable Science, College of Horticulture, China Agricultural University Beijing, China.
Shudan
S
Xue
Key Laboratory of Growth and Developmental Regulation for Protected Vegetable Crops of Beijing, Department of Vegetable Science, College of Horticulture, China Agricultural University Beijing, China.
Yanling
Y
Cai
Key Laboratory of Growth and Developmental Regulation for Protected Vegetable Crops of Beijing, Department of Vegetable Science, College of Horticulture, China Agricultural University Beijing, China.
Sen
S
Yang
Key Laboratory of Growth and Developmental Regulation for Protected Vegetable Crops of Beijing, Department of Vegetable Science, College of Horticulture, China Agricultural University Beijing, China.
Mingming
M
Dong
Key Laboratory of Growth and Developmental Regulation for Protected Vegetable Crops of Beijing, Department of Vegetable Science, College of Horticulture, China Agricultural University Beijing, China.
Yaqi
Y
Zhang
Key Laboratory of Growth and Developmental Regulation for Protected Vegetable Crops of Beijing, Department of Vegetable Science, College of Horticulture, China Agricultural University Beijing, China.
Huiling
H
Liu
Key Laboratory of Growth and Developmental Regulation for Protected Vegetable Crops of Beijing, Department of Vegetable Science, College of Horticulture, China Agricultural University Beijing, China.
Binyu
B
Zhao
Changping Agricultural Technology Service Center Beijing, China.
Changhong
C
Qi
Changping Agricultural Technology Service Center Beijing, China.
Ning
N
Zhu
Key Laboratory of Growth and Developmental Regulation for Protected Vegetable Crops of Beijing, Department of Vegetable Science, College of Horticulture, China Agricultural University Beijing, China.
Huazhong
H
Ren
actin-depolymerizing factor (ADF) genes; cucumber; cytoskeleton; giant cells; meloidogyne incognita
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