Results of scalp cooling during anthracycline containing chemotherapy depend on scalp skin temperature.
OBJECTIVE
The success of scalp cooling in preventing or reducing chemotherapy induced alopecia (CIA) is highly variable between patients undergoing similar chemotherapy regimens. A decrease of the scalp skin temperature seems to be an important factor, but data on the optimum temperature reached by scalp cooling to prevent CIA are lacking. This study investigated the relation between scalp skin temperature and its efficacy to prevent CIA.


METHODS
In this explorative study, scalp skin temperature was measured during scalp cooling in 62 breast cancer patients undergoing up to six cycles of anthracycline containing chemotherapy. Scalp skin temperature was measured by using two thermocouples at both temporal sides of the head. The primary end-point was the need for a wig or other head covering.


RESULTS
Maximal cooling was reached after 45 min and was continued for 90 min after chemotherapy infusion. The scalp skin temperature after 45 min cooling varied from 10 °C to 31 °C, resulting in a mean scalp skin temperature of 19 °C (SEM: 0,4). Intrapersonal scalp skin temperatures during cooling were consistent for each chemotherapy cycle (ANOVA: P = 0,855). Thirteen out of 62 patients (21%) did not require a wig or other head covering. They appeared to have a significantly lower mean scalp skin temperature (18 °C; SEM: 0,7) compared to patients with alopecia (20 °C; SEM: 0,5) (P = 0,01).


CONCLUSIONS
The efficacy of scalp cooling during chemotherapy is temperature dependent. A precise cut-off point could not be detected, but the best results seem to be obtained when the scalp temperature decreases below 18 °C. TRIALREGISTER.
3082.
Department of Internal Medicine and Medical Oncology, Noordwest Ziekenhuisgroep, Wilhelminalaan 12, Alkmaar, 1815 JD, The Netherlands. Electronic address: M.M.C.Komen@nwz.nl.
M M C
MMC
Komen
Department of Medical Oncology, Antoni van Leeuwenhoek, Plesmanlaan 121, Amsterdam, 1066 CX, The Netherlands. Electronic address: c.smorenburg@nki.nl.
C H
CH
Smorenburg
Department of Medical Oncology, Leiden University Medical Centre, PO Box 9600, Leiden, 2300 RC, The Netherlands. Electronic address: jwrnortier@casema.nl.
J W R
JWR
Nortier
Science Department, Noordwest Ziekenhuisgroep, Wilhelminalaan 12, Alkmaar, 1815 JD, The Netherlands. Electronic address: t.vander.ploeg@nwz.nl.
T
T
van der Ploeg
Comprehensive Cancer Organisation the Netherlands, PO Box 231, Eindhoven, 5600 AE, The Netherlands. Electronic address: C.vandenHurk@iknl.nl.
C J G
CJG
van den Hurk
Department of Medical Oncology, Radboud University Medical Centre, Geert Grooteplein Zuid 10, 6525 GA, Nijmegen, The Netherlands. Electronic address: Koos.vanderHoeven@radboudumc.nl.
J J M
JJM
van der Hoeven
D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000505:Alopecia / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000517:prevention & control*; D018943:Anthracyclines / Q000009:adverse effects*; D000971:Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D001943:Breast Neoplasms / Q000188:drug therapy*; D017679:Cryotherapy / Q000379:methods*; D003520:Cyclophosphamide / Q000008:administration & dosage; D004317:Doxorubicin / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects; D015251:Epirubicin / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects; D005260:Female; D005472:Fluorouracil / Q000008:administration & dosage; D006801:Humans; D008875:Middle Aged; D012535:Scalp; D012881:Skin Temperature
D018943:Anthracyclines; D015251:Epirubicin; D004317:Doxorubicin; D003520:Cyclophosphamide; D005472:Fluorouracil
Alopecia; Chemotherapy; Scalp cooling; Scalp temperature