Genetic and Phenotypic Characterization of aSalmonella entericaserovar Enteritidis Emerging Strain with Superior Intra-macrophage Replication Phenotype.
Salmonella entericaserovar Enteritidis (S. Enteritidis) is one of the ubiquitousSalmonellaserovars worldwide and a major cause of food-born outbreaks, which are often associated with poultry and poultry derivatives. Here we report a nation-wideS. Enteritidis clonal outbreak that occurred in Israel during the last third of 2015. Pulsed field gel electrophoresis and whole genome sequencing identified genetically related strains that were circulating in Israel as early as 2008. Global comparison linked this outbreak strain to several clinical and marine environmental isolates that were previously isolated in California and Canada, indicating that similar strains are prevalent outside of Israel. Phenotypic comparison between the 2015 outbreak strain and other clinical and referenceS. Enteritidis strains showed only limited intra-serovar phenotypic variation in growth in rich medium, invasion into Caco-2 cells, uptake by J774.1A macrophages, and host cell cytotoxicity. In contrast, significant phenotypic variation was shown among differentS. Enteritidis isolates when biofilm-formation, motility, invasion into HeLa cells and uptake by THP-1 human macrophages were studied. Interestingly, the 2015 outbreak clone was found to possess superior intra-macrophage replication ability within both murine and human macrophages in comparison to the otherS. Enteritidis strains studied. This phenotype is likely to play a role in the virulence and host-pathogen interactions of this emerging clone.
Infectious Diseases Research Laboratory, Sheba Medical Center Tel-Hashomer, Israel.
Inna
I
Shomer
Infectious Diseases Research Laboratory, Sheba Medical CenterTel-Hashomer, Israel; Faculty of Medicine in the Galilee, Bar-Ilan UniversitySafed, Israel.
Alon
A
Avisar
Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, University of California at Irvine, Irvine CA, USA.
Prerak
P
Desai
Infectious Diseases Research Laboratory, Sheba Medical Center Tel-Hashomer, Israel.
Shalhevet
S
Azriel
Microbiology Laboratory, Sheba Medical Center Tel Hashomer, Israel.
Gill
G
Smollan
Microbiology Laboratory, Sheba Medical Center Tel Hashomer, Israel.
Natasha
N
Belausov
Microbiology Laboratory, Sheba Medical CenterTel Hashomer, Israel; The Department of Health Management, Ariel UniversityAriel, Israel.
Nathan
N
Keller
Faculty of Medicine in the Galilee, Bar-Ilan UniversitySafed, Israel; Galilee Medical CenterNahariya, Israel.
Daniel
D
Glikman
Wolfson Medical CentreHolon, Israel; Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv UniversityTel-Aviv, Israel.
Yasmin
Y
Maor
Faculty of Medicine in the Galilee, Bar-Ilan UniversitySafed, Israel; Baruch Padeh Medical CenterPoriya, Israel.
Avi
A
Peretz
Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, University of California at Irvine, Irvine CA, USA.
Michael
M
McClelland
Infectious Diseases Research Laboratory, Sheba Medical CenterTel-Hashomer, Israel; Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv UniversityTel-Aviv, Israel.
Galia
G
Rahav
Infectious Diseases Research Laboratory, Sheba Medical CenterTel-Hashomer, Israel; Department of Clinical Microbiology and Immunology, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv UniversityTel-Aviv, Israel.
Ohad
O
Gal-Mor
Enteritidis; Salmonella enterica; food born infection; gastroenteritis; intracellular replication; outbreak; pathogenicity; virulence
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