Endometriosis-Derived Thromboxane A2 Induces Neurite Outgrowth.
Hyperinnervation in endometriosis is now well documented, but so far only a few neurotrophins have been identified. Since endometriotic stromal cells secrete thromboxane A2 (TXA2), we sought to determine whether TXA2, derived from endometriotic stromal cells, induces neurite outgrowth. Using primary sensory neurons derived from rat dorsal root ganglia (DRG) and ectopic endometrial stromal cells (EESCs) derived from human ovarian endometrioma tissues, we treated the primary neurons with different concentrations of U-46619, a stable TXA2mimetic, and performed a neuronal growth assay. The primary neurons were also cocultured with a vehicle, nerve growth factor (NGF, serving as a positive control), the supernatant of EESC culture medium, or the supernatant of EESCs pretreated with ozagrel, a thromboxane synthase inhibitor, and a neuronal growth assay was performed. The total neurite length was evaluated through immunofluorescence microscopy. We found that U-46619 significantly increased the neurite outgrowth in DRG neurons in a concentration-dependent fashion ( P < .001). It also increased the number of neurite ends in a concentration-dependent fashion. Ozagrel treatment alone had no effect on the neurite growth ( P > .05), and the treatment with the supernatant of EESCs induced neurite outgrowth just as potently as that treated with NGF (positive control; P > .05). Remarkably, treatment with the EESC supernatant increased the neurite outgrowth by nearly 3-fold as compared with the control ( P < .01), but the pretreatment with ozagrel abolished the stimulatory effect of the EESC by 31.3% ( P < .05). These findings indicate that EESCs potently induce neurite outgrowth, and endometriosis-derived TXA2is responsible, at least in part, for this neurotrophic effect.
1 Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.
Dingmin
D
Yan
1 Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.|2 Shanghai Key Laboratory of Female Reproductive Endocrine-Related Diseases, Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.
Xishi
X
Liu
1 Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.|2 Shanghai Key Laboratory of Female Reproductive Endocrine-Related Diseases, Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.
Sun-Wei
SW
Guo
D019796:15-Hydroxy-11 alpha,9 alpha-(epoxymethano)prosta-5,13-dienoic Acid / Q000494:pharmacology; D000818:Animals; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D004715:Endometriosis / Q000378:metabolism*; D005260:Female; D005727:Ganglia, Spinal / Q000187:drug effects; D006801:Humans; D020932:Nerve Growth Factor / Q000494:pharmacology; D016501:Neurites / Q000187:drug effects*; D000071446:Neuronal Outgrowth / Q000187:drug effects*; D010049:Ovarian Diseases / Q000378:metabolism*; D051381:Rats; D011984:Sensory Receptor Cells / Q000187:drug effects*; D013928:Thromboxane A2 / Q000494:pharmacology*
D013928:Thromboxane A2; D019796:15-Hydroxy-11 alpha,9 alpha-(epoxymethano)prosta-5,13-dienoic Acid; D020932:Nerve Growth Factor
endometriosis; neurite outgrowth; neurotrophin; pain; sensory neurons; thromboxane A2