Discovery of a Mosaic-Like Biosynthetic Assembly Line with a Decarboxylative Off-Loading Mechanism through a Combination of Genome Mining and Imaging.
The biosynthetic gene cluster for the antiplasmodial natural product siphonazole was identified by using a combination of genome mining, imaging, and expression studies in the natural producer Herpetosiphon sp. B060. The siphonazole backbone is assembled from an unusual starter unit from the shikimate pathway that is extended by the action of polyketide synthases and non-ribosomal peptide synthetases with unusual domain structures, including several split modules and a large number of duplicated domains and domains predicted to be inactive. Product release proceeds through decarboxylation and dehydration independent of the thioesterase SphJ and yields the diene terminus of siphonazole. High variation in terms of codon-usage within the gene cluster, together with the dislocated domain organization, suggest a recent emergence in evolutionary terms.
Institut für Pharmazeutische Biologie, Universität Bonn, 53115, Bonn, Germany.
Mahsa
M
Mir Mohseni
Institut für Pharmazeutische Biologie, Universität Bonn, 53115, Bonn, Germany.
Thomas
T
Höver
Kekulé-Institut für Organische Chemie und Biochemie, Universität Bonn, 53121, Bonn, Germany.
Lena
L
Barra
Schweizerisches Tropen- und Public-Health-Institut (Swiss TPH), Basel, CH-4002, Switzerland.|Universität Basel, CH-4003, Basel, Switzerland.
Marcel
M
Kaiser
Collaborative Mass Spectrometry Innovation Center, Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of California at San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA.
Pieter C
PC
Dorrestein
Kekulé-Institut für Organische Chemie und Biochemie, Universität Bonn, 53121, Bonn, Germany.
Jeroen S
JS
Dickschat
Institut für Pharmazeutische Biologie, Universität Bonn, 53115, Bonn, Germany. till.schaeberle@uni-bonn.de.
Till F
TF
Schäberle
D000962:Antimalarials / Q000737:chemistry / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000378:metabolism*; D001688:Biological Products / Q000737:chemistry / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000378:metabolism*; D041862:Chloroflexi / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism; D057225:Data Mining; D003653:Decarboxylation; D013058:Mass Spectrometry; D005810:Multigene Family; D010080:Oxazoles / Q000737:chemistry / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000378:metabolism*
D000962:Antimalarials; D001688:Biological Products; D010080:Oxazoles; C520719:siphonazole
biosynthesis; genome mining; imaging mass spectrometry (IMS); natural products; siphonazole