Postdoctoral training in clinical neuropsychology in America: how did we get here and where do recent applicants suggest we go next?
OBJECTIVE
The United States appears to be the only country which typically requires completion of a two-year postdoctoral fellowship for one to be considered competent to practice clinical neuropsychology. We review the history of how this came to be in the United States. Further, we describe obstacles that postdoctoral trainees face during this stage of training.


METHODS
We first describe the most significant events leading to the requirement of a two-year fellowship in clinical neuropsychology. Next, we describe factors that trainees face when selecting and completing postdoctoral training. Finally, we review the results of the most recent annual survey of applicants for postdoctoral training to measure their experiences.


RESULTS
Postdoctoral training in the United States is a relatively recent requirement in neuropsychology. Trainees face many obstacles when obtaining a postdoctoral position some of which can be addressed by the field.


CONCLUSIONS
Training in Clinical Neuropsychology in the United States has evolved considerably over at least the last 45 or so years to the point that a two-year postdoctoral fellowship is now required for one to be a candidate for board certification through the American Board of Clinical Neuropsychology. We review many of the challenges that postdoctoral trainees face and provide survey data to describe their experiences and preferences.
a Nationwide Children's Hospital , The Ohio State University College of Medicine , Columbus , OH , USA.
Doug
D
Bodin
b Department of Psychiatry and Psychology, Division of Neurocognitive Disorders , Mayo Clinic , Rochester , MN , USA.
Alissa M
AM
Butts
c Departments of Behavioral Sciences and Neurological Sciences , Rush University Medical Center , Chicago , IL , USA.
Christopher L
CL
Grote
D002568:Certification / Q000639:trends; D005257:Fellowships and Scholarships / Q000379:methods / Q000639:trends; D006801:Humans; D007397:Internship, Nonmedical / Q000379:methods* / Q000639:trends; D009483:Neuropsychological Tests; D009484:Neuropsychology / Q000193:education* / Q000379:methods*; D011584:Psychology / Q000193:education* / Q000379:methods* / Q000639:trends; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D014481:United States / Q000453:epidemiology
Postdoctoral; fellowship; recruiting; residency; training