Locomotive syndrome is associated with body composition and cardiometabolic disorders in elderly Japanese women.
BACKGROUND
A concept referred to as locomotive syndrome (LS) was proposed by the Japanese Orthopaedic Association in order to help identify middle-aged and older adults who may be at high risk of requiring healthcare services because of problems associated with locomotion. Cardiometabolic disorders, including obesity, hypertension, diabetes, and dyslipidemia, have a high prevalence worldwide. The purpose of this study was to determine the associations between LS and both body composition and cardiometabolic disorders.


METHODS
The study participants were 165 healthy adult Japanese women volunteers living in rural areas. LS was defined as a score ≥16 on the 25-question Geriatric Locomotive Function Scale (GLFS-25). Height, body weight, body fat percentage, body mass index (BMI), and bone status were measured. Bone status was evaluated by quantitative ultrasound (i.e., the speed of sound [SOS] of the calcaneus) and was expressed as the percent of Young Adult Mean of the SOS (%YAM). Comorbid conditions of hypertension, hyperlipidemia, and diabetes were assessed using self-report questionnaires.


RESULTS
Twenty-nine participants (17.6 %) were classed as having LS. The LS group was older, shorter, and had a higher body fat percentage, a higher BMI, and lower bone status than the non-LS group. Multiple logistic regression analysis showed that participants with a BMI ≥23.5 kg/m2had a significantly higher risk for LS than those with a BMI <23.5 kg/m2(odds ratio [OR] = 3.78, p < 0.01). Furthermore, GLFS-25 scores were higher in participants with than those without hypertension, diabetes, or obesity, and significantly increased with the number of present disorders.


CONCLUSIONS
These findings suggest that BMI may be a useful screening tool for LS. Furthermore, because hypertension and diabetes were associated with LS, the prevention of these disorders accompanied by weight management may help protect against LS.
Department of Rehabilitation, Osaka Kawasaki Rehabilitation University, 158 Mizuma, Kaizuka, Osaka, 597-0104, Japan. nakamuram@kawasakigakuen.ac.jp.
Misa
M
Nakamura
Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Wakayama Medical University, 811-1 Kimiidera, Wakayama, Wakayama, 641-8510, Japan.
Yosuke
Y
Kobashi
Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Wakayama Medical University, 811-1 Kimiidera, Wakayama, 641-8510, Japan.
Hiroshi
H
Hashizume
Department of Medical Research and Management for Musculoskeletal Pain, 22nd Century Medical & Research Center, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tokyo, Hongo 7-3-1, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8655, Japan.
Hiroyuki
H
Oka
Department of Strategic Surveillance for Functional Food and Comprehensive Traditional Medicine, Wakayama Medical University, Kimiidera 811-1, Wakayama, Wakayama, 641-0012, Japan.
Ryohei
R
Kono
Department of Strategic Surveillance for Functional Food and Comprehensive Traditional Medicine, Wakayama Medical University, Kimiidera 811-1, Wakayama, Wakayama, 641-0012, Japan.
Sachiko
S
Nomura
Laboratory of Chemistry, Kansai Medical University, 2-5-1 Shinnmachi, Hirakata, 573-1010, Japan.
Akihiro
A
Maeno
Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Wakayama Medical University, 811-1 Kimiidera, Wakayama, 641-8510, Japan.
Munehito
M
Yoshida
Department of Strategic Surveillance for Functional Food and Comprehensive Traditional Medicine, Wakayama Medical University, Kimiidera 811-1, Wakayama, Wakayama, 641-0012, Japan.
Hirotoshi
H
Utsunomiya
Body composition; Bone mass index; Cardiometabolic disorders; Locomotive syndrome
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