Exploring the metabolic syndrome: Nonalcoholic fatty pancreas disease.
After the first description of fatty pancreas in 1933, the effects of pancreatic steatosis have been poorly investigated, compared with that of the liver. However, the interest of research is increasing. Fat accumulation, associated with obesity and the metabolic syndrome (MetS), has been defined as "fatty infiltration" or "nonalcoholic fatty pancreas disease" (NAFPD). The term "fatty replacement" describes a distinct phenomenon characterized by death of acinar cells and replacement by adipose tissue. Risk factors for developing NAFPD include obesity, increasing age, male sex, hypertension, dyslipidemia, alcohol and hyperferritinemia. Increasing evidence support the role of pancreatic fat in the development of type 2 diabetes mellitus, MetS, atherosclerosis, severe acute pancreatitis and even pancreatic cancer. Evidence exists that fatty pancreas could be used as the initial indicator of "ectopic fat deposition", which is a key element of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease and/or MetS. Moreover, in patients with fatty pancreas, pancreaticoduodenectomy is associated with an increased risk of intraoperative blood loss and post-operative pancreatic fistula.
Roberto Catanzaro, Biagio Cuffari, Angelo Italia, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Gastroenterology and Hepatology Service, Internal Medicine Unit, University Hospital Policlinico "G. Rodolico", University of Catania, 95123 Catania, Italy.
Roberto
R
Catanzaro
Roberto Catanzaro, Biagio Cuffari, Angelo Italia, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Gastroenterology and Hepatology Service, Internal Medicine Unit, University Hospital Policlinico "G. Rodolico", University of Catania, 95123 Catania, Italy.
Biagio
B
Cuffari
Roberto Catanzaro, Biagio Cuffari, Angelo Italia, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Gastroenterology and Hepatology Service, Internal Medicine Unit, University Hospital Policlinico "G. Rodolico", University of Catania, 95123 Catania, Italy.
Angelo
A
Italia
Roberto Catanzaro, Biagio Cuffari, Angelo Italia, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Gastroenterology and Hepatology Service, Internal Medicine Unit, University Hospital Policlinico "G. Rodolico", University of Catania, 95123 Catania, Italy.
Francesco
F
Marotta
D000273:Adipose Tissue / Q000473:pathology; D000428:Alcohol Drinking; D000818:Animals; D016063:Blood Loss, Surgical; D005260:Female; D005293:Ferritins / Q000097:blood; D006801:Humans; D006949:Hyperlipidemias / Q000150:complications; D006973:Hypertension / Q000150:complications; D007432:Intraoperative Period; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging; D008297:Male; D024821:Metabolic Syndrome / Q000150:complications*; D009765:Obesity / Q000150:complications; D010179:Pancreas / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000503:physiopathology; D010182:Pancreatic Diseases / Q000150:complications*; D016577:Pancreaticoduodenectomy; D012307:Risk Factors; D014057:Tomography, X-Ray Computed; D014463:Ultrasonography
D005293:Ferritins
Fatty pancreas; Metabolic syndrome; Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease; Nonalcoholic fatty pancreas disease; Pancreatic cancer; Pancreatic fat; Pancreatic fatty infiltration; Pancreatic fatty replacement; Pancreatic lipomatosis; Pancreatic steatosis
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