Sulfur Mediated Alleviation of Mn Toxicity in Polish Wheat Relates to Regulating Mn Allocation and Improving Antioxidant System.
Sulfur (S) is an essential macronutrient that has been proved to play an important role in regulating plant responses to various biotic and abiotic stresses. The present study was designed to investigate the effect of S status on polish wheat plant response to Mn toxicity. Results showed that Mn stress inhibited plant growth, disturbed photosynthesis and induced oxidative stress. In response to Mn stress, polish wheat plant activated several detoxification mechanisms to counteract Mn toxicity, including enhanced antioxidant defense system, increased Mn distribution in the cell wall and up-regulated genes involved in S assimilation. Moderate S application was found to alleviate Mn toxicity mainly by sequestering excess Mn into vacuoles, inhibiting Mn translocation from roots to shoots, stimulating activities of antioxidant enzymes and enhancing GSH production via up-regulating genes involved in S metabolism. However, application of high level S to Mn-stressed plants did not significantly alleviated Mn toxicity likely due to osmotic stress. In conclusion, moderate S application is beneficial to polish wheat plant against Mn toxicity, S exerts its effects via stimulating the antioxidant defense system and regulating the translocation and subcellular distribution of Mn, in which processes GSH plays an indispensable role.
Triticeae Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University Wenjiang, China.
Huajin
H
Sheng
Institute of Natural Resources and Geographic Technology, Sichuan Agricultural UniversityWenjiang, China; College of Resources, Sichuan Agricultural UniversityWenjiang, China.
Jian
J
Zeng
Institute of Natural Resources and Geographic Technology, Sichuan Agricultural UniversityWenjiang, China; College of Resources, Sichuan Agricultural UniversityWenjiang, China.
Yang
Y
Liu
Triticeae Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University Wenjiang, China.
Xiaolu
X
Wang
Triticeae Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University Wenjiang, China.
Yi
Y
Wang
Triticeae Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University Wenjiang, China.
Houyang
H
Kang
Triticeae Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University Wenjiang, China.
Xing
X
Fan
Triticeae Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University Wenjiang, China.
Lina
L
Sha
Triticeae Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University Wenjiang, China.
Haiqin
H
Zhang
Triticeae Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University Wenjiang, China.
Yonghong
Y
Zhou
Mn toxicity; S metabolism; antioxidant defense system; chlorophyll fluorescence; subcellular distribution; translocation
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