EpCAM Expression in Lymph Node and Bone Metastases of Prostate Carcinoma: A Pilot Study.
There is an urgent need for new imaging modalities in prostate carcinoma staging. A non-invasive modality that can assess lymph node and bone metastases simultaneously is preferred. Epithelial cell adhesion molecule (EpCAM) is a membranous protein of interest as an imaging target since it is overexpressed in prostatic carcinoma compared with benign prostate epithelium and compared with stroma. However, EpCAM expression in lymph node metastases is sparsely available in the literature and EpCAM expression in bone metastases is yet unknown. The current study evaluates the expression of EpCAM in prostate carcinoma lymph nodes, in matched normal lymph nodes, in prostate carcinoma bone metastases, and in normal bone by immunohistochemistry. EpCAM was expressed in 100% of lymph node metastases (21 out of 21), in 0% of normal lymph nodes (0 out of 21), in 95% of bone metastases (19 out of 20), and in 0% of normal bone (0 out of 14). Based on these results, EpCAM may be a feasible imaging target in prostate carcinoma lymph node and bone metastases. Prospective clinical trials are needed to confirm current results. Preoperative visualization of prostate carcinoma metastases will improve disease staging and will prevent unnecessary invasive surgery.
Laboratory of Neuroimmunology, National Institute of Neurology and Neurosurgery "Manuel Velasco Suárez", Avenida Insurgentes Sur 3877, La Fama, Tlalpan, 14269 Mexico City, Mexico. camposakaren@gmail.com.
Anna K
AK
Campos
Department of Urology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, P.O. Box 30.001, Groningen 9700 RB, The Netherlands. h.d.hoving@umcg.nl.
Hilde D
HD
Hoving
Department of Pathology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, P.O. Box 30.001, Groningen 9700 RB, The Netherlands. s.rosati@umcg.nl.
Stefano
S
Rosati
Department of Pathology, Josephine Nefkens Institute, Erasmus MC, P.O. Box 2040, Rotterdam 3000 CA, The Netherlands. g.vanleenders@erasmusmc.nl.
Geert J L H
GJ
van Leenders
Department of Urology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, P.O. Box 30.001, Groningen 9700 RB, The Netherlands. i.j.de.jong@umcg.nl.
Igle J
IJ
de Jong
epithelial cell adhesion molecule (EpCAM); imaging target; immunohistochemistry; metastases; molecular imaging; prostate carcinoma
Prostate. 2012 Feb 1;72 (2):129-46
21538422
Br J Cancer. 2009 Oct 20;101(8):1225-32
19789531
Mod Pathol. 2011 Jan;24(1):39-47
20818343
Br J Urol. 1978 May;50(3):178-81
753456
Int J Mol Sci. 2014 Apr 10;15(4):6046-61
24727373
Eur J Nucl Med Mol Imaging. 2011 Jan;38(1):7-13
20697891
Eur Urol. 2007 Jul;52(1):29-37
17448592
BJU Int. 2012 Dec;110(11):1666-71
22520686
Eur Urol. 2009 Jun;55(6):1251-65
19297079
Mol Imaging Biol. 2013 Oct;15(5):560-8
23619897
Hum Pathol. 2004 Jan;35(1):122-8
14745734
Urol Oncol. 2013 May;31(4):468-74
21514185
Mol Imaging. 2009 Jan-Feb;8(1):15-26
19344572
Eur J Nucl Med Mol Imaging. 2013 Jul;40 Suppl 1:S18-27
23579863
Urol Int. 2012;88(2):125-36
22286304
Am J Pathol. 2007 Aug;171(2):386-95
17600130
J Urol. 1999 Oct;162(4):1462-6
10492238
Int J Cancer. 2005 Feb 10;113(4):619-28
15472903
J Cell Biol. 1994 Apr;125(2):437-46
8163559
Cancer. 2003 Feb 1;97(3 Suppl):758-71
12548573
Radiol Clin North Am. 2012 Nov;50(6):1015-41
23122036
J Nucl Med. 2012 Sep;53(9):1427-37
22872743
Cancer. 1990 Sep 1;66(5 Suppl):1009-16
2144203
J Clin Pathol. 2011 May;64(5):415-20
21415054
Br J Cancer. 2006 Jan 16;94(1):128-35
16404366
Lancet. 2000 Dec 9;356(9246):1981-2
11130529
Radiol Clin North Am. 2012 Nov;50(6):1043-59
23122037