Breast Cancer Screening Among Korean Americans: A Systematic Review.
Cancer is the leading cause of death for Korean Americans (KAs). Breast cancer (BC) is the most commonly occurring cancer among KA women, and its rate has been rapidly increasing. Low BC screening rates for KAs puts them at greater risk for late-stage breast cancer. We conducted a systematic review of the published literature on cancer screening among KAs, and identified 38 eligible studies. Despite significant increases in mammogram utilization over the past two decades, KAs have consistently lower rates of mammogram screening than other American populations. KA women also report lower rates of clinical breast examination and breast self-examination. Screening rates are higher among adults with higher socioeconomic status, greater acculturation to the United States, more cancer knowledge, higher perceived susceptibility to BC, more social support, and better access to health services. However, fear of finding something wrong, fear of embarrassment or lack of modesty, not knowing where to go for screening, believing that mammography is only necessary when symptoms are present, and perceived time and cost difficulties in accessing mammography were reported as barriers to mammogram screening. Coordinated efforts from clinicians, public health workers, KA cultural and religious organizations, and the broader breast cancer advocacy and awareness community are necessary for improving BC screening among KAs.
School of Nursing, George Mason University, 4400 University Drive 3C4, Fairfax, VA, 22030, USA. koh5@gmu.edu.
Kyeung Mi
KM
Oh
Department of Global and Community Health, George Mason University, 4400 University Drive 5B7, Fairfax, VA, 22030, USA.
Karen L
KL
Taylor
Department of Global and Community Health, George Mason University, 4400 University Drive 5B7, Fairfax, VA, 22030, USA.
Kathryn H
KH
Jacobsen
D001213:Asian / Q000523:psychology / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D001943:Breast Neoplasms / Q000175:diagnosis*; D055088:Early Detection of Cancer / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D005260:Female; D006297:Health Services Accessibility; D006801:Humans; D008327:Mammography / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D010342:Patient Acceptance of Health Care / Q000208:ethnology; D056910:Republic of Korea / Q000208:ethnology; D012959:Socioeconomic Factors; D014481:United States
Asian Americans; Breast cancer; Cancer screening; Korean Americans; Mammography; Systematic review
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