Polyphosphate and associated enzymes as global regulators of stress response and virulence in Campylobacter jejuni.
Campylobacter jejuni (C. jejuni), a Gram-negative microaerophilic bacterium, is a predominant cause of bacterial foodborne gastroenteritis in humans worldwide. Despite its importance as a major foodborne pathogen, our understanding of the molecular mechanisms underlying C. jejuni stress survival and pathogenesis is limited. Inorganic polyphosphate (poly P) has been shown to play significant roles in bacterial resistance to stress and virulence in many pathogenic bacteria. C. jejuni contains the complete repertoire of enzymes required for poly P metabolism. Recent work in our laboratory and others have demonstrated that poly P controls a plethora of C. jejuni properties that impact its ability to survive in the environment as well as to colonize/infect mammalian hosts. This review article summarizes the current literature on the role of poly P in C. jejuni stress survival and virulence and discusses on how poly P-related enzymes can be exploited for therapeutic/prevention purposes. Additionally, the review article identifies potential areas for future investigation that would enhance our understanding of the role of poly P in C. jejuni and other bacteria, which ultimately would facilitate design of effective therapeutic/preventive strategies to reduce not only the burden of C. jejuni-caused foodborne infections but also of other bacterial infections in humans.
Anand Kumar, Gireesh Rajashekara, 170 Food Animal Health Research Program and Department of Veterinary Preventive Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, The Ohio State University, Wooster, OH 44691, United States.
Anand
A
Kumar
Anand Kumar, Gireesh Rajashekara, 170 Food Animal Health Research Program and Department of Veterinary Preventive Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, The Ohio State University, Wooster, OH 44691, United States.
Dharanesh
D
Gangaiah
Anand Kumar, Gireesh Rajashekara, 170 Food Animal Health Research Program and Department of Veterinary Preventive Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, The Ohio State University, Wooster, OH 44691, United States.
Jordi B
JB
Torrelles
Anand Kumar, Gireesh Rajashekara, 170 Food Animal Health Research Program and Department of Veterinary Preventive Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, The Ohio State University, Wooster, OH 44691, United States.
Gireesh
G
Rajashekara
D000818:Animals; D000890:Anti-Infective Agents / Q000737:chemistry; D001422:Bacterial Adhesion; D001426:Bacterial Proteins / Q000378:metabolism*; D018441:Biofilms; D002169:Campylobacter Infections / Q000382:microbiology*; D016123:Campylobacter jejuni / Q000201:enzymology* / Q000472:pathogenicity; D002465:Cell Movement; D002470:Cell Survival; D002645:Chickens; D004352:Drug Resistance, Microbial; D015964:Gene Expression Regulation, Bacterial; D006801:Humans; D011122:Polyphosphates / Q000378:metabolism*; D013312:Stress, Physiological; D014774:Virulence
D000890:Anti-Infective Agents; D001426:Bacterial Proteins; D011122:Polyphosphates
Campylobacter jejuni; Colonization/infection; Inorganic polyphosphate; Stress tolerance; Virulence
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