Improved Functional Results After Minimally Invasive Esophagectomy: Intrathoracic Versus Cervical Anastomosis.
BACKGROUND
Both cervical esophagogastric anastomosis (CEA) and intrathoracic esophagogastric anastomosis (IEA) are used to restore gastrointestinal integrity following minimally invasive esophagectomy (MIE). No prospective randomized data on functional outcome, postoperative morbidity, and mortality between these techniques are currently available.


METHODS
A comparison was conducted including all consecutive patients with esophageal carcinoma of the distal esophagus or gastroesophageal junction undergoing MIE with CEA or MIE with IEA from October 2009 to July 2014 in 3 high-volume esophageal cancer centers. Functional outcome, postoperative morbidity, and mortality were analyzed.


RESULTS
MIE with CEA was performed in 146 patients and MIE with IEA in 210 patients. The incidence of recurrent laryngeal nerve palsy was 14.4% after CEA and 0% after IEA (p < 0.001). Dysphagia, dumping, and regurgitation were reported less frequently after IEA compared with CEA (p < 0.05). Dilatation of benign strictures occurred in 43.8% after CEA and this was 6.2% after IEA (p < 0.001). If a benign stricture was identified, it was dilated a median of 4 times in the CEA group and only once in the IEA group (p < 0.001). Anastomotic leakage for which reoperation was required occurred in 8.2% after CEA and in 11.4% after IEA (not significant). Median ICU stay, hospital stay, in-hospital mortality, 30-day mortality, and 90-day mortality were similar between the groups (not significant).


CONCLUSIONS
MIE with IEA was associated with better functional results than MIE with CEA with less dysphagia, less benign anastomotic strictures requiring fewer dilatations, and a lower incidence of recurrent laryngeal nerve palsy. Other postoperative morbidity and mortality did not differ between the groups.
Department of Surgery, Radboudumc, Nijmegen, the Netherlands. Electronic address: frans.vanworkum@radboudumc.nl.
Frans
F
van Workum
Department of Surgery, Canisius-Wilhelmina Hospital, Nijmegen, the Netherlands.
Jolijn
J
van der Maas
Department of Surgery, Canisius-Wilhelmina Hospital, Nijmegen, the Netherlands.
Frits J H
FJ
van den Wildenberg
Department of Surgery, Canisius-Wilhelmina Hospital, Nijmegen, the Netherlands.
Fatih
F
Polat
Department of Surgery, ZGT Hospital, Almelo, the Netherlands.
Ewout A
EA
Kouwenhoven
Department of Surgery, ZGT Hospital, Almelo, the Netherlands.
Marc J
MJ
van Det
Department of Surgery, Catharina Hospital, Eindhoven, the Netherlands.
Grard A P
GA
Nieuwenhuijzen
Department of Surgery, Catharina Hospital, Eindhoven, the Netherlands.
Misha D
MD
Luyer
Department of Surgery, Radboudumc, Nijmegen, the Netherlands.
Camiel
C
Rosman
D000714:Anastomosis, Surgical / Q000379:methods; D004938:Esophageal Neoplasms / Q000401:mortality / Q000601:surgery*; D016629:Esophagectomy / Q000379:methods*; D004947:Esophagus / Q000601:surgery*; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D017052:Hospital Mortality / Q000639:trends; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D019060:Minimally Invasive Surgical Procedures / Q000379:methods*; D009333:Neck; D009426:Netherlands / Q000453:epidemiology; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D019616:Thoracic Surgical Procedures / Q000379:methods*; D016896:Treatment Outcome