A unique iridium(III) complex-based chemosensor for multi-signal detection and multi-channel imaging of hypochlorous acid in liver injury.
Although hypochlorous acid (HOCl) has long been associated with a number of inflammatory diseases in mammalian bodies, the functions of HOCl in specific organs at abnormal conditions, such as liver injury, remain unclear due to its high reactivity and the lack of effective methods for its detection. Herein, a unique Ir(III) complex-based chemosensor, Ir-Fc, was developed for highly sensitive and selective detection of HOCl. Ir-Fc was designed by incorporating a ferrocene (Fc) quencher to a Ir(III) complex through a HOCl-responsive linker. In the presence of HOCl, the fast cleavage of Fc moiety in less than 1s led to the enhancement of photoluminescence (PL) and electrochemical luminescence (ECL), by which the concentration of HOCl was determined by both PL and ECL analysis. Taking advantages of excellent properties of Ir(III) complexes, optical and electrochemical analyses of the response of Ir-Fc towards HOCl were fully investigated. Followed by the measurements of low cytotoxicity of Ir-Fc by MTT analysis, one-photon (OP), two-photon (TP) and lifetime imaging experiments were conducted to visualise the generation of HOCl in live microphage and HepG2 cells, and in zebrafish and mouse, respectively. Furthermore, the generation and distribution of HOCl in liver cells and liver injury of zebrafish and mouse were investigated. The results demonstrated the applicability of Ir-Fc as an effective chemosensor for imaging of HOCl generation in mitochondria of cells and liver injury in vivo, implying the potential of Ir-Fc for biomedical diagnosis and monitoring applications.
State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, School of Chemistry, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, PR China.
Feiyue
F
Zhang
Therapeutics Research Centre, School of Medicine, The University of Queensland, Princess Alexandra Hospital, Woolloongabba, QLD 4102, Australia.
Xiaowen
X
Liang
State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, School of Chemistry, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, PR China. Electronic address: wzhzhang@dlut.edu.cn.
Wenzhu
W
Zhang
Applied Physical Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, SE-100 44 Stockholm, Sweden.
Yong-Lei
YL
Wang
Therapeutics Research Centre, School of Medicine, The University of Queensland, Princess Alexandra Hospital, Woolloongabba, QLD 4102, Australia.
Haolu
H
Wang
Therapeutics Research Centre, School of Medicine, The University of Queensland, Princess Alexandra Hospital, Woolloongabba, QLD 4102, Australia.
Yousuf H
YH
Mohammed
State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, School of Chemistry, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, PR China.
Bo
B
Song
Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, QLD 4072, Australia. Electronic address: r.zhang@uq.edu.au.
Run
R
Zhang
State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, School of Chemistry, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, PR China.
Jingli
J
Yuan
D000818:Animals; D015374:Biosensing Techniques / Q000379:methods; D056831:Coordination Complexes / Q000737:chemistry*; D005296:Ferrous Compounds / Q000737:chemistry; D005456:Fluorescent Dyes / Q000737:chemistry; D056945:Hep G2 Cells; D006801:Humans; D006997:Hypochlorous Acid / Q000032:analysis*; D007495:Iridium / Q000737:chemistry*; D008099:Liver / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000293:injuries / Q000473:pathology; D049449:Luminescence; D008163:Luminescent Measurements / Q000379:methods; D000075163:Metallocenes; D051379:Mice; D018613:Microscopy, Confocal / Q000379:methods; D008958:Models, Molecular; D061848:Optical Imaging / Q000379:methods*; D015427:Reperfusion Injury / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000473:pathology; D015027:Zebrafish
D056831:Coordination Complexes; D005296:Ferrous Compounds; D005456:Fluorescent Dyes; D000075163:Metallocenes; D007495:Iridium; D006997:Hypochlorous Acid; C004998:ferrocene
Bioimaging; Chemosensor; Hypochlorous acid; Iridium(III) complex; Liver injury