The Potential of Class II Bacteriocins to Modify Gut Microbiota to Improve Host Health.
Production of bacteriocins is a potential probiotic feature of many lactic acid bacteria (LAB) as it can help prevent the growth of pathogens in gut environments. However, knowledge on bacteriocin producers in situ and their function in the gut of healthy animals is still limited. In this study, we investigated five bacteriocin-producing strains of LAB and their isogenic non-producing mutants for probiotic values. The LAB bacteriocins, sakacin A (SakA), pediocin PA-1 (PedPA-1), enterocins P, Q and L50 (enterocins), plantaricins EF and JK (plantaricins) and garvicin ML (GarML), are all class II bacteriocins, but they differ greatly from each other in terms of inhibition spectrum and physicochemical properties. The strains were supplemented to mice through drinking water and changes on the gut microbiota composition were interpreted using 16S rRNA gene analysis. In general, we observed that overall structure of the gut microbiota remained largely unaffected by the treatments. However, at lower taxonomic levels, some transient but advantageous changes were observed. Some potentially problematic bacteria were inhibited (e.g., Staphylococcus by enterocins, Enterococcaceae by GarML, and Clostridium by plantaricins) and the proportion of LAB was increased in the presence of SakA-, plantaricins- and GarML-producing bacteria. Moreover, the treatment with GarML-producing bacteria co-occurred with decreased triglyceride levels in the host mice. Taken together, our results indicate that several of these bacteriocin producers have potential probiotic properties at diverse levels as they promote favorable changes in the host without major disturbance in gut microbiota, which is important for normal gut functioning.
Department of Chemistry, Biotechnology and Food Science, Norwegian University of Life Sciences (NMBU), Ås, Norway.
Özgün C O
ÖC
Umu
Departamento de Biotecnología, Instituto de Agroquímica y Tecnología de Alimentos (IATA), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Valencia, Spain.
Christine
C
Bäuerl
Department of Chemistry, Biotechnology and Food Science, Norwegian University of Life Sciences (NMBU), Ås, Norway.
Marije
M
Oostindjer
Department of Chemistry, Biotechnology and Food Science, Norwegian University of Life Sciences (NMBU), Ås, Norway.
Phillip B
PB
Pope
Departamento de Nutrición, Bromatología y Tecnología de los Alimentos, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad Complutense de Madrid (UCM), Madrid, Spain.
Pablo E
PE
Hernández
Departamento de Biotecnología, Instituto de Agroquímica y Tecnología de Alimentos (IATA), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Valencia, Spain.
Gaspar
G
Pérez-Martínez
Department of Chemistry, Biotechnology and Food Science, Norwegian University of Life Sciences (NMBU), Ås, Norway.
Dzung B
DB
Diep
D000818:Animals; D000898:Antibiosis; D018407:Bacterial Physiological Phenomena; D001430:Bacteriocins / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000494:pharmacology; D044822:Biodiversity; D015415:Biomarkers; D005243:Feces / Q000382:microbiology; D000069196:Gastrointestinal Microbiome / Q000187:drug effects; D006706:Homeostasis; D054892:Metagenome; D056186:Metagenomics; D051379:Mice; D012336:RNA, Ribosomal, 16S
D001430:Bacteriocins; D015415:Biomarkers; D012336:RNA, Ribosomal, 16S
Gastroenterology. 2006 Feb;130(2 Suppl 1):S100-5
16473056
Appl Environ Microbiol. 1998 Jun;64(6):2269-72
9603847
Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2007 Jan 16;104(3):979-84
17210919
Appl Environ Microbiol. 2006 Jul;72(7):5069-72
16820507
Appl Environ Microbiol. 1992 Aug;58(8):2360-7
1514784
Bioinformatics. 2014 Nov 1;30(21):3123-4
25061070
PLoS One. 2010 Mar 10;5(3):e9490
20224823
Peptides. 2009 Aug;30(8):1562-74
19465075
Clin Microbiol Infect. 2013 Apr;19(4):305-13
23452229
PLoS One. 2012;7(2):e31113
22363561
Int J Food Microbiol. 2010 Jul 15;141(3):156-64
20570005
Antonie Van Leeuwenhoek. 2001 Oct;80(2):193-9
11759052
Nature. 2011 May 12;473(7346):174-80
21508958
Benef Microbes. 2015;6(4):405-13
25653153
Nat Methods. 2013 Oct;10(10):996-8
23955772
Antonie Van Leeuwenhoek. 2013 Nov;104(5):609-18
23975514
Appl Environ Microbiol. 2008 Apr;74(7):1997-2003
18245231
Nucleic Acids Res. 2013 Jan 7;41(1):e1
22933715
Front Cell Infect Microbiol. 2012 Jun 22;2:86
22919677
J Leukoc Biol. 2011 May;89(5):685-95
21233408
Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2005 Aug 2;102(31):11070-5
16033867
Appl Environ Microbiol. 2006 Oct;72(10):6653-66
17021217
Genome Res. 2003 Nov;13(11):2498-504
14597658
ISME J. 2010 Feb;4(2):232-41
19865183
Nat Rev Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2012 Sep 04;9(10):577-89
22945443
J Lipid Res. 2013 Sep;54(9):2325-40
23821742
Bioinformatics. 2011 Aug 15;27(16):2194-200
21700674
Am J Clin Nutr. 2010 Nov;92(5):1023-30
20844065
Interdiscip Perspect Infect Dis. 2008;2008:175285
19277099
Appl Environ Microbiol. 2001 Jan;67(1):1-5
11133421
Appl Environ Microbiol. 2011 Jan;77(1):369-73
21057028
Medicina (Kaunas). 2015 ;51(2):69-75
25975874
Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis. 2009 Feb;28(2):115-27
18688664
Brain Behav Immun. 2015 Aug;48:165-73
25866195
J Bacteriol. 1998 Apr;180(8):1988-94
9555877
BMC Microbiol. 2008 Jul 24;8:125
18652685
Appl Environ Microbiol. 2007 Aug;73(16):5261-7
17586664
Nature. 2012 Aug 9;488(7410):178-84
22797518
Bioinformatics. 2010 Jan 15;26(2):266-7
19914921
Annu Rev Genet. 1992;26:71-112
1482126
Nature. 2015 Oct 29;526(7575):719-22
26479034
Nat Rev Microbiol. 2013 Feb;11(2):95-105
23268227
Microbiology. 2000 Sep;146 ( Pt 9):2155-60
10974103
Int J Food Microbiol. 1995 Jan;24(3):343-62
7710912
Microbiol Rev. 1995 Jun;59(2):171-200
7603408
Appl Environ Microbiol. 1989 Aug;55(8):1901-6
2782870
Nat Rev Microbiol. 2008 Feb;6(2):121-31
18180751
Antonie Van Leeuwenhoek. 2002 Aug;81(1-4):639-54
12448760
PLoS One. 2013 Jun 07;8(6):e65790
23762426
Nutrients. 2013 Jan 17;5(1):234-52
23344252
Appl Environ Microbiol. 2012 Jan;78(1):1-6
22038602
Appl Environ Microbiol. 2005 Dec;71(12):8228-35
16332807
Appl Environ Microbiol. 2013 Jul;79(13):3986-97
23603680
Nature. 2012 Sep 13;489(7415):220-30
22972295
Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2011 Mar 15;108 Suppl 1:4639-44
20616009
Mol Microbiol. 1997 Jun;24(5):895-904
9219998
Bioinformatics. 2010 Oct 1;26(19):2460-1
20709691
Int J Food Microbiol. 2009 Aug 15;133(3):225-33
19541383
PLoS Comput Biol. 2012;8(7):e1002606
22807668
Ann Nutr Metab. 2013;63 Suppl 2:17-26
24217033
Nutr Rev. 2012 Aug;70 Suppl 1:S45-56
22861807
J Med Microbiol. 2013 Sep;62(Pt 9):1369-78
23699066
Therap Adv Gastroenterol. 2013 Jan;6(1):53-68
23320050
J Bacteriol. 2014 Mar;196(5):911-9
24336941
J Exp Clin Cancer Res. 2011 Jan 20;30:11
21247505
J Antimicrob Chemother. 2005 Nov;56(5):869-71
16155061
FEMS Microbiol Ecol. 2008 May;64(2):317-27
18373687
Microbiology. 2011 Dec;157(Pt 12):3256-67
21980118
Nat Rev Microbiol. 2005 Oct;3(10):777-88
16205711