Aging, low-grade systemic inflammation and vitamin D: a mini-review.
We conducted a mini-review of the literature, focusing on aging-related systemic inflammation and its association with vitamin D (VitD). As main findings, data indicate that inflammation in aging seems to have multiple origins, including immunosenescence, and from intestinal and adipose tissue, where VitD may modulate these three factors, through mechanisms not totally known. From the selected studies, three randomized clinical trials of VitD supplementation showed improvements in inflammatory status, whereas two studies did not. Ten epidemiological studies showed associations between VitD and inflammation, whereas two studies did not. One case study reinforced this association. As such, we can assume a reasonable association between VitD and inflammation in the elderly, and a promising role of supplementation in some situations. However, most studies did not take into account environmental and individual factors such as the season of the year, latitude, skin color or even the use of some medicines; in addition, the doses, time of intervention and the sample sizes differed between the studies. In conclusion, although more controlled VitD studies, both clinical and epidemiological, are necessary, it is important to remember the network of factors involved in systemic inflammation in the elderly; an understanding of the dietetic and non-dietetic factors is needed to offer a realistic approach.
Federal University of Piauí, Health Sciences Center, Department of Nutrition, Teresina, Piauí, Brazil.
C M R
CM
Gonçalves de Carvalho
University of São Paulo, Public Health School, Department of Nutrition; School of Arts, Sciences and Humanities, Department of Gerontology, São Paulo, Brazil.
S M L
SM
Ribeiro
D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000375:Aging / Q000097:blood*; D019587:Dietary Supplements; D006801:Humans; D007249:Inflammation / Q000097:blood*; D014807:Vitamin D / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000097:blood*; D014808:Vitamin D Deficiency / Q000097:blood*; D014815:Vitamins / Q000008:administration & dosage
D014815:Vitamins; D014807:Vitamin D
Prz Menopauzalny. 2015 Jun;14(2):75-81
26327893
Arch Intern Med. 2007 Sep 10;167(16):1730-7
17846391
Exp Gerontol. 2015 Jun;66:10-6
25827670
J Inflamm (Lond). 2008 Jul 24;5:10
18652680
Mech Ageing Dev. 2007 Jan;128(1):92-105
17116321
Nat Clin Pract Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2005 Jul;2(7):308-15
16265284
Age (Dordr). 2014;36(4):9694
25086618
J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci. 2014 Jun;69 Suppl 1:S4-9
24833586
Am J Epidemiol. 2008 Feb 1;167(3):313-20
18006902
Obesity (Silver Spring). 2012 Jul;20(7):1444-8
22262154
Med Hypotheses. 2014 Feb;82(2):134-7
24332533
PLoS One. 2014 Apr 11;9(4):e94500
24727903
Brain. 2009 May;132(Pt 5):1146-60
19321461
J Biol Chem. 2010 Jan 22;285(4):2227-31
19948723
Proc Nutr Soc. 2016 Feb;75(1):38-46
26564334
Ageing Res Rev. 2010 Apr;9(2):107-16
19874918
Am J Clin Nutr. 2008 Aug;88(2):491S-499S
18689389
Diabetes. 2010 Jan;59(1):242-8
19833894
Nat Med. 2009 Aug;15(8):914-20
19633658
Arthritis Res Ther. 2015 Aug 14;17:211
26271333
Mol Aspects Med. 2012 Feb;33(1):26-34
22040698
J Nutr. 2011 Mar;141(3):476-81
21270359
Inflamm Bowel Dis. 2014 Nov;20(11):1910-8
25192497
Crit Rev Clin Lab Sci. 2010 Aug;47(4):181-95
21182397
Am J Clin Nutr. 2000 Sep;72(3):690-3
10966885
Diabetes Res Clin Pract. 2014 Mar;103(3):e18-23
24456991
Cytokine. 2015 Feb;71(2):132-8
25461390
Mol Endocrinol. 2006 Jun;20(6):1231-47
16497728
Clin Exp Immunol. 2011 Apr;164(1):72-9
21323660
J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2014 May;99(5):1807-15
24606079
J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol. 2015 Apr;148:179-83
25603468
Gastroenterology. 2012 May;142(5):1100-1101.e2
22326433
Nutr Metab Cardiovasc Dis. 2015 Mar;25(3):267-73
25315671
Nat Immunol. 2013 Jul;14(7):685-90
23778796
FASEB J. 2011 Jan;25(1):99-110
20826541
Br J Nutr. 2015 Sep 14;114(5):693-9
26206095
Clin Biochem. 2016 May;49(7-8):534-7
26778547
Blood. 2011 Mar 10;117(10):2800-6
21239700
Horm Mol Biol Clin Investig. 2015 Aug;23(2):59-70
26124060
Dis Markers. 2013;35(3):187-93
24167365
Obesity (Silver Spring). 2011 Nov;19(11):2113-20
21881620
Ann N Y Acad Sci. 2000 Jun;908:244-54
10911963
Endocr Rev. 2010 Dec;31(6):817-44
20592272
J Immunol. 2009 Nov 1;183(9):5948-56
19828625
News Physiol Sci. 2001 Jun;16:126-30
11443232
Clin Epigenetics. 2015 Mar 25;7:33
25861393
Ann N Y Acad Sci. 2009 Sep;1173:384-90
19758177