Association between Vitamin D Status and Risk of Peripheral Arterial Disease: The Dong-gu Study.
Low levels of vitamin D have been associated with increased cardiovascular disease risk. However, few studies have evaluated the association between vitamin D status and peripheral arterial disease (PAD). We therefore aimed to investigate whether low 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D) levels were associated with increased risk of PAD in the Korean population. This cross-sectional study was conducted among 8,960 subjects aged 50 years or older without known myocardial infarction or stroke. PAD was defined by an ankle brachial blood pressure index <0.9. Multivariate logistic regression was used to evaluate the association between serum 25(OH)D levels and risk of PAD. Of the 8,960 subjects, 3.0% had PAD and the age and sex adjusted prevalence of PAD decreased with the increasing 25(OH)D quartile. After adjusting for potential confounders and parathyroid hormones, serum 25(OH)D levels were associated with a significantly decreased risk of PAD (OR for one SD increase, 0.98; 95% CI, 0.95-1.0, P for trend=0.040). Compared with the first 25(OH)D quartile, the odds of PAD were 0.86 (95% CI, 0.62-1.21), 0.67 (95% CI, 0.46-0.97), and 0.71 (95% CI, 0.49-1.04) for the second, third, and fourth quartiles, respectively. In this cross-sectional study, we found that low serum 25(OH)D levels were associated with an increased risk of PAD, independent of traditional cardiovascular risk factors and parathyroid hormone. Our findings suggest that low vitamin D levels may contribute to PAD in the Korean population.
Department of Preventive Medicine, Chonnam National University Medical School, Gwangju, Korea.
Su-Hyun
SH
Oh
Department of Preventive Medicine, Chonnam National University Medical School, Gwangju, Korea.; Jeonnam Regional Cancer Center, Chonnam National University, Hwasun Hospital, Hwasun, Korea.
Sun-Seog
SS
Kweon
Department of Preventive Medicine, Chonnam National University Medical School, Gwangju, Korea.
Jin-Su
JS
Choi
Department of Preventive Medicine, Chonnam National University Medical School, Gwangju, Korea.
Jung-Ae
JA
Rhee
Department of Preventive Medicine & Institute of Wonkwang Medical Science, Wonkwang University College of Medicine, Iksan, Korea.
Young-Hoon
YH
Lee
Department of Preventive Medicine, Chungnam National University Medical School, Daejeon, Korea.
Hae-Sung
HS
Nam
Department of Neurology & Research Institute of Clinical Medicine, Chonbuk National University-Biomedical Institute of Chonbuk National University Hospital, Jeonju, Korea.
Seul-Ki
SK
Jeong
Department of Preventive Medicine, Seonam University College of Medicine, Namwon, Korea.
Kyeong-Soo
KS
Park
Department of Preventive Medicine, Chosun University Medical School, Gwangju, Korea.
So-Yeon
SY
Ryu
Department of Preventive Medicine, Chosun University Medical School, Gwangju, Korea.
Seong-Woo
SW
Choi
Department of Preventive Medicine, Chonnam National University Medical School, Gwangju, Korea.
Min-Ho
MH
Shin
25-Hydroxyvitamin D; Atherosclerosis; Peripheral Arterial Disease
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