ACC Neuro-over-Connectivity Is Associated with Mathematically Modeled Additional Encoding Operations of Schizophrenia Stroop-Task Performance.
Functional magnetic resonance imaging at 7.0 Tesla was undertaken among Schizophrenia participants (Sz), and clinical (major mood disorder; MDD) and healthy controls (HC), during performance of the Stoop task. Stroop conditions included congruent and incongruent word color items, color-only items, and word-only items. Previous modeling results extended to this most widely used selective-attention task. All groups executed item-encoding operations (subprocesses of the item encoding process) at the same rate (performance accuracy being similarly high throughout), thus displaying like processing capacity; Sz participants, however, employed more subprocesses for item completions than did the MDD participants, who in turn used more subprocesses than the HC group. The reduced efficiency in deploying cognitive-workload capacity among the Sz participants was paralleled by more diffuse neuroconnectivity (Blood-Oxygen-Level-Dependent co-activation) with the anterior cingulate cortex (ACC) (Broadman Area 32), spreading away from this encoding-intensive region; and by less evidence of network dissociation across Stroop conditions. Estimates of cognitive work done to accomplish item completion were greater for the Sz participants, as were estimates of entropy in both the modeled trial-latency distribution, and its associated neuro-circuitry. Findings are held to be symptom and assessment significant, and to have potential implications for clinical intervention.
Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Western OntarioLondon, ON, Canada; Lawson Health Research InstituteLondon, ON, Canada.
Reggie
R
Taylor
Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Western OntarioLondon, ON, Canada; Lawson Health Research InstituteLondon, ON, Canada; Department of Psychiatry, University of Western OntarioLondon, ON, Canada.
Jean
J
Théberge
Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Western OntarioLondon, ON, Canada; Lawson Health Research InstituteLondon, ON, Canada; Department of Psychiatry, University of Western OntarioLondon, ON, Canada.
Peter C
PC
Williamson
Lawson Health Research InstituteLondon, ON, Canada; Department of Psychiatry, University of Western OntarioLondon, ON, Canada.
Maria
M
Densmore
Department of Psychiatry, University of Western OntarioLondon, ON, Canada; Department of Psychology, University of Western OntarioLondon, ON, Canada; Department of Neuroscience, University of Western OntarioLondon, ON, Canada.
Richard W J
RW
Neufeld
clinical cognitive neuroscience; clinical mathematical modeling; schizophrenia encoding; schizophrenia neuro-circuitry; schizophrenia stroop
Psychol Rev. 1955 Jan;62(1):69-80
14357528
Psychol Assess. 2002 Sep;14(3):279-98
12214434
Schizophr Bull. 2007 Jul;33(4):1004-12
17556752
Br J Psychiatry. 1978 Nov;133:429-35
728692
Neuropsychology. 2007 Mar;21(2):251-62
17402825
Neuroimage. 1998 Jan;7(1):30-40
9500830
NMR Biomed. 2011 Aug;24(7):815-23
21834005
J Nerv Ment Dis. 2007 Nov;195(11):905-11
18000452
Psychon Bull Rev. 2004 Jun;11(3):391-418
15376788
Psychol Med. 2005 Aug;35(8):1097-108
16116936
J Abnorm Psychol. 1999 Nov;108(4):633-54
10609428
Schizophr Bull. 2007 Jul;33(4):982-93
17556750
Annu Rev Psychol. 1966;17:111-44
5322632
Psychol Assess. 2002 Jun;14(2):184-201
12056081
J Abnorm Psychol. 1986 Feb;95(1):67-73
3700850
Exp Psychol. 2014;61(5):385-93
24836124
Br J Psychiatry. 2011 Jun;198(6):448-56
21628707
Neuropsychology. 2004 Jul;18(3):477-84
15291726
Magn Reson Med. 2004 May;51(5):881-7
15122668
Br J Math Stat Psychol. 2003 Nov;56(Pt 2):271-88
14633336
Neuroimage. 1999 Apr;9(4):416-29
10191170
Soc Cogn Affect Neurosci. 2009 Dec;4(4):423-8
20035017
Psychiatry Res. 2010 Jan 30;181(1):24-9
19963356
Psychiatry Res. 2010 Jul 30;183(1):59-68
20553873
J Math Psychol. 2010 Feb;54(1):53-72
23750050
Neuroimage. 1997 Oct;6(3):218-29
9344826
Br J Psychiatry. 1979 Apr;134:382-9
444788
J Gen Psychol. 2000 Jan;127(1):67-99
10695952
J Abnorm Psychol. 1971 Oct;78(2):145-7
5156439
NPJ Schizophr. 2015 Sep 16;1:15028
27336037
J Neurosci Methods. 2007 May 15;162(1-2):8-13
17254636
J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry. 1960 Feb;23:56-62
14399272
Neuron. 2011 Dec 8;72(5):692-7
22153367
Cognition. 2010 Feb;114(2):129-50
19733840
J Abnorm Psychol. 2007 May;116(2):290-305
17516762
J Math Psychol. 2010 Feb 1;54(1):73-89
20436932
Neuropsychology. 1998 Jul;12(3):414-25
9673997
Psychol Bull. 1979 May;86(3):446-61
451109
Front Hum Neurosci. 2012 Jun 21;6:184
22737116
J Neurosci Psychol Econ. 2011 May;4(2):95-110
23795233
Br J Med Psychol. 1959;32(1):50-5
13638508
Psychol Bull. 1956 Mar;53(2):134-40
13297917
Br J Math Stat Psychol. 1994 Nov;47 ( Pt 2):193-226
7848874
Arch Gen Psychiatry. 2009 Aug;66(8):811-22
19652121
Magn Reson Med. 2012 Oct;68(4):1109-16
22213531
J Exp Psychol Hum Percept Perform. 1994 Apr;20(2):219-34
8189189
Br J Clin Psychol. 1987 Feb;26 ( Pt 1):35-45
3828595
Neuroimage. 2012 Feb 1;59(3):2142-54
22019881
Psychol Bull. 1968 Apr;69(4):225-234
5659655
Schizophr Res. 2005 Jun 15;75(2-3):247-63
15885517