The influence of the menstrual cycle on reactivity to a CO2challenge among women with and without premenstrual symptoms.
Clinically significant premenstrual symptoms (PMS) is conceptualized as a depressive disorder in DSM-5, however, it may share pathophysiological processes with anxiety- and fear-related disorders. Specifically, women with PMS panic at higher rates during biological challenge procedures. It is unclear if this increased interoceptive sensitivity is a general vulnerability or specific to the premenstrual phase. The current study examined the role of menstrual cycle phase on reactivity to a CO2challenge among women with (n = 11) and without (n = 26) clinically significant PMS (N = 37). During the late follicular phase (days 6-12), women with and without PMS responded similarly to the CO2challenge, whereas during the premenstrual phase (within 5 days before menses), women with PMS reported significantly more intense panic symptoms in response to the challenge than women without PMS. Vulnerability to panic in women with PMS may be specific to the premenstrual phase. Potential psychological and neurobiological mechanisms underlying this phenomenon are discussed.
a Women's Health Sciences Division, National Center for PTSD , VA Boston Healthcare System , Boston , MA , USA.|b Department of Psychiatry , Boston University School of Medicine , Boston , MA , USA.
Yael I
YI
Nillni
a Women's Health Sciences Division, National Center for PTSD , VA Boston Healthcare System , Boston , MA , USA.|b Department of Psychiatry , Boston University School of Medicine , Boston , MA , USA.
Suzanne L
SL
Pineles
c University of Vermont , Burlington , VT , USA.
Kelly J
KJ
Rohan
d University of Houston , Houston , TX , USA.|e The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center , Houston , TX , USA.
Michael J
MJ
Zvolensky
a Women's Health Sciences Division, National Center for PTSD , VA Boston Healthcare System , Boston , MA , USA.|b Department of Psychiatry , Boston University School of Medicine , Boston , MA , USA.
Ann M
AM
Rasmusson
D000328:Adult; D002245:Carbon Dioxide / Q000009:adverse effects; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008597:Menstrual Cycle / Q000523:psychology*; D016584:Panic Disorder / Q000150:complications / Q000523:psychology*; D011293:Premenstrual Syndrome / Q000150:complications / Q000523:psychology*; D013312:Stress, Physiological; D055815:Young Adult
D002245:Carbon Dioxide
CO2 challenge; PMS; menstrual cycle; panic
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