Significance of Concussions in Hawai'i: From Land to Sea.
Head injuries are a particular concern in Hawai'i given the large military population, the presence of many land and water sports such as football and surfing, and the lenient helmet laws for motorcycle and bicycle riders. Physical, psychological, and cognitive symptoms from single or repeated concussions can affect an individual's reentry to society and activity. Current literature indicates that repeated head injuries are associated with chronic traumatic encephalopathy (CTE) which is thought to lead to dementia. This paper reviews literature discussing causes of concussion including its incidence and prevalence in Hawai'i. Furthermore, the neurophysiological and neurobiological etiologies are discussed followed by an overview of methods for identification and management of concussion. The paper serves as information for professionals in the community such as educators, military personnel, and healthcare workers to identify risks of concussion, management of symptoms, and to connect with resources and programs available in Hawai'i.
Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, School of Medicine, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond VA; Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Department of Veteran's Affairs, Washington, DC (DXC).
David X
DX
Cifu
Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, School of Medicine, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond VA; Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Department of Veteran's Affairs, Washington, DC (DXC).
Olivia K
OK
Uchima
Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, School of Medicine, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond VA; Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Department of Veteran's Affairs, Washington, DC (DXC).
Alaina S
AS
Davis
Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, School of Medicine, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond VA; Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Department of Veteran's Affairs, Washington, DC (DXC).
Amy E
AE
Lower
Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, School of Medicine, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond VA; Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Department of Veteran's Affairs, Washington, DC (DXC).
Jingyu L
JL
Jin
Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, School of Medicine, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond VA; Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Department of Veteran's Affairs, Washington, DC (DXC).
Henry L
HL
Lew
D001924:Brain Concussion / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000209:etiology / Q000628:therapy*; D006254:Hawaii / Q000453:epidemiology; D006801:Humans
athletes; chronic traumatic encephalopathy; concussion; mild traumatic brain injury; service members
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