Potential health risk assessment of potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) grown on metal contaminated soils in the central zone of Punjab, Pakistan.
Metal buildup was estimated in potato (Solanum tuberosum L.), grown in central Punjab, Pakistan. This crop was irrigated with multiple water sources like ground, sewage and canal water. Concentrations of different metals like zinc (Zn), arsenic (As), lead (Pb), iron (Fe), nickel (Ni), molybdenum (Mo), copper (Cu), and selenium (Se) were assessed in the potato crop irrigated with different types of waters. Sewage water treated crop and soil had higher metal concentrations than those treated with other two treatments. All metals had positive and significant correlation except for Mo which was non-significantly correlated between the vegetable and soil. Highest daily intake was observed for Fe (0.267), whereas the lowest was seen for Se (0.003). The enrichment factor and health index varied between 0.135-15.08 and 0.285-83.77, respectively. This study concludes that vegetables cultivated on soil treated with sewage water is a potent threat for human health as the metals manifest toxicity after entering the food chain.
Department of Botany, University of Sargodha, Pakistan.
Zafar Iqbal
ZI
Khan
Department of Botany, University of Sargodha, Pakistan.
Kafeel
K
Ahmad
Department of Botany, University of Sargodha, Pakistan.
Sumaira
S
Yasmeen
Govt. College University, Faisalabad, Pakistan.
Nudrat Aisha
NA
Akram
Pakistan Science Foundation, Islamabad, Pakistan.
Muhammad
M
Ashraf
Department of Zoology, University of Sargodha, Pakistan. Electronic address: naunainmahmood@gmail.com.
Naunain
N
Mehmood
D006801:Humans; D019216:Metals, Heavy / Q000032:analysis* / Q000633:toxicity; D010154:Pakistan; D018570:Risk Assessment; D012722:Sewage / Q000737:chemistry; D012989:Soil Pollutants / Q000032:analysis* / Q000633:toxicity; D011198:Solanum tuberosum / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000187:drug effects / Q000254:growth & development*; D014675:Vegetables / Q000737:chemistry / Q000254:growth & development
D019216:Metals, Heavy; D012722:Sewage; D012989:Soil Pollutants
Health risk index; Metals and metalloids; Pollution load index; Solanum tuberosum