High-throughput and sensitive analysis of urinary heterocyclic aromatic amines using isotope-dilution liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry and robotic sample preparation system.
Heterocyclic aromatic amines (HCAA) are listed by the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) as harmful or potentially harmful constituents of tobacco smoke. However, quantifying HCAA exposure is challenging. In this study, we developed a sensitive, precise, and accurate isotope dilution, liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) method to quantify urinary HCAAs in smokers and nonsmokers. The high-throughput robotic sample preparation system could handle a throughput of over 300 samples per day, while maintaining intra-day and inter-day imprecision and bias ≤10 %. The limits of detection of carcinogenic HCAAs ranged from 0.31 to 0.83 pg/mL. The validated method was applied to measure HCAAs in urine collected from smokers and non-smokers. This sensitive and efficient analytical method is ideal to support large-scale biomonitoring studies of HCAA exposure. Graphical Abstract LC/MS/MS and robotic sample preparation system for urinary HCAA analysis.
Division of Laboratory Sciences, National Center for Environmental Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 4770 Buford Highway Mail Stop F47, Atlanta, GA, 30341, USA. lzhang6@cdc.gov.|Battelle Memorial Institute, 2987 Clairmont Road, Atlanta, GA, 30329, USA. lzhang6@cdc.gov.
Li
L
Zhang
Division of Laboratory Sciences, National Center for Environmental Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 4770 Buford Highway Mail Stop F47, Atlanta, GA, 30341, USA. yxia@cdc.gov.
Yang
Y
Xia
Division of Laboratory Sciences, National Center for Environmental Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 4770 Buford Highway Mail Stop F47, Atlanta, GA, 30341, USA.
Baoyun
B
Xia
Division of Laboratory Sciences, National Center for Environmental Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 4770 Buford Highway Mail Stop F47, Atlanta, GA, 30341, USA.
Keegan J
KJ
Nicodemus
Division of Laboratory Sciences, National Center for Environmental Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 4770 Buford Highway Mail Stop F47, Atlanta, GA, 30341, USA.
James
J
McGuffey
Division of Laboratory Sciences, National Center for Environmental Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 4770 Buford Highway Mail Stop F47, Atlanta, GA, 30341, USA.
Ernest
E
McGahee
Division of Laboratory Sciences, National Center for Environmental Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 4770 Buford Highway Mail Stop F47, Atlanta, GA, 30341, USA.
Benjamin
B
Blount
Division of Laboratory Sciences, National Center for Environmental Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 4770 Buford Highway Mail Stop F47, Atlanta, GA, 30341, USA.
Lanqing
L
Wang
D000588:Amines / Q000652:urine*; D002853:Chromatography, Liquid; D004867:Equipment Design; D006571:Heterocyclic Compounds / Q000652:urine*; D057166:High-Throughput Screening Assays / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods*; D006801:Humans; D007201:Indicator Dilution Techniques; D057230:Limit of Detection; D012371:Robotics; D012907:Smoking / Q000652:urine*; D053719:Tandem Mass Spectrometry
D000588:Amines; D006571:Heterocyclic Compounds
Automation; Heterocyclic aromatic amines; High throughput; LC–MS/MS; Urine
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