Economic and clinical burden of opioid-induced nausea and vomiting.
Opioids are the standard of care for treating moderate-to-severe pain; however, their efficacy can be limited by adverse events (AEs), including nausea and vomiting. Opioid-induced nausea and vomiting (OINV) is an inherent adverse effect of opioid treatment, exerting effects centrally and peripherally. Opioid-related AEs can impact treatment adherence and discontinuation, which can result in inadequate pain management. OINV may persist long-term, negatively affecting patient functional outcomes, physical and mental health, patient satisfaction, and overall costs of treatment. Multiple factors may contribute to OINV, including activation of opioid receptors in the chemoreceptor trigger zone, vestibular apparatus, and gastrointestinal tract. Prophylactic or early treatment with antiemetics may be appropriate for patients who are at high risk for OINV.
a Division of Pain Medicine , Lehigh Valley Health Network , Allentown , PA , USA.
Bruce D
BD
Nicholson
D000701:Analgesics, Opioid / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D000932:Antiemetics / Q000627:therapeutic use; D006801:Humans; D009325:Nausea / Q000139:chemically induced* / Q000188:drug therapy*; D010146:Pain / Q000188:drug therapy*; D014839:Vomiting / Q000139:chemically induced* / Q000188:drug therapy*
D000701:Analgesics, Opioid; D000932:Antiemetics
Adverse events; analgesics; nausea; opioids; pain management; pathophysiology; pharmacoeconomics; vomiting