Folded gastrulation and T48 drive the evolution of coordinated mesoderm internalization in flies.
Gastrulation constitutes a fundamental yet diverse morphogenetic process of metazoan development. Modes of gastrulation range from stochastic translocation of individual cells to coordinated infolding of an epithelial sheet. How such morphogenetic differences are genetically encoded and whether they have provided specific developmental advantages is unclear. Here we identify two genes,folded gastrulationandt48, which in the evolution of fly gastrulation acted as a likely switch from an ingression of individual cells to the invagination of the blastoderm epithelium. Both genes are expressed and required for mesoderm invagination in the fruit flyDrosophila melanogasterbut do not appear during mesoderm ingression of the midgeChironomus riparius. We demonstrate that early expression of either or both of these genes inC.ripariusis sufficient to invoke mesoderm invagination similar toD.melanogaster. The possible genetic simplicity and a measurable increase in developmental robustness might explain repeated evolution of similar transitions in animal gastrulation.
Centre for Organismal Studies Heidelberg, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany.
Silvia
S
Urbansky
Centre for Organismal Studies Heidelberg, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany.
Paula
P
González Avalos
Centre for Organismal Studies Heidelberg, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany.
Maike
M
Wosch
Centre for Organismal Studies Heidelberg, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany.
Steffen
0000-0001-5807-2865
S
Lemke
D000818:Animals; D002683:Chironomidae / Q000196:embryology*; D029721:Drosophila Proteins / Q000378:metabolism*; D004331:Drosophila melanogaster / Q000196:embryology*; D054262:Gastrulation; D008565:Membrane Proteins / Q000378:metabolism*; D008648:Mesoderm / Q000196:embryology*
D029721:Drosophila Proteins; C508614:FOG protein, Drosophila; D008565:Membrane Proteins; C516623:T48 protein, Drosophila
C. riparius; D. melanogaster; cell ingression; developmental biology; evolutionary biology; gastrulation; genomics; morphogenesis; stem cells; tissue invagination
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