Multiple metrics of diversity have different effects on temperate forest functioning over succession.
Biodiversity can be measured by taxonomic, phylogenetic, and functional diversity. How ecosystem functioning depends on these measures of diversity can vary from site to site and depends on successional stage. Here, we measured taxonomic, phylogenetic, and functional diversity, and examined their relationship with biomass in two successional stages of the broad-leaved Korean pine forest in northeastern China. Functional diversity was calculated from six plant traits, and aboveground biomass (AGB) and coarse woody productivity (CWP) were estimated using data from three forest censuses (10 years) in two large fully mapped forest plots (25 and 5 ha). 11 of the 12 regressions between biomass variables (AGB and CWP) and indices of diversity showed significant positive relationships, especially those with phylogenetic diversity. The mean tree diversity-biomass regressions increased from 0.11 in secondary forest to 0.31 in old-growth forest, implying a stronger biodiversity effect in more mature forest. Multi-model selection results showed that models including species richness, phylogenetic diversity, and single functional traits explained more variation in forest biomass than other candidate models. The models with a single functional trait, i.e., leaf area in secondary forest and wood density in mature forest, provided better explanations for forest biomass than models that combined all six functional traits. This finding may reflect different strategies in growth and resource acquisition in secondary and old-growth forests.
KeyLaboratory of Forest Ecology and Management, Institute of Applied Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang, 110164, People's Republic of China.
Zuoqiang
Z
Yuan
German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle-Jena-Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany.|Institute of Ecology, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Jena, Germany.
Shaopeng
S
Wang
Instituto Pirenaico de Ecologia, IPE-CSIC, Avenida Montanana 1005, 50010, Saragossa, Spain.
Antonio
A
Gazol
UiT The Arctic University of Norway, 9037, Tromsø, Norway.
Jarad
J
Mellard
KeyLaboratory of Forest Ecology and Management, Institute of Applied Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang, 110164, People's Republic of China.
Fei
F
Lin
KeyLaboratory of Forest Ecology and Management, Institute of Applied Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang, 110164, People's Republic of China.
Ji
J
Ye
KeyLaboratory of Forest Ecology and Management, Institute of Applied Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang, 110164, People's Republic of China.
Zhanqing
Z
Hao
KeyLaboratory of Forest Ecology and Management, Institute of Applied Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang, 110164, People's Republic of China. wangxg@iae.ac.cn.
Xugao
X
Wang
Centre for Biodiversity Theory and Modelling, Theoretical and Experimental Ecology Station, CNRS and Paul Sabatier University, 09200, Moulis, France.
Michel
M
Loreau
D044822:Biodiversity; D018533:Biomass; D017753:Ecosystem; D065928:Forests; D010802:Phylogeny; D014197:Trees
Biomass; Functional diversity; Functional trait; Natural forests; Phylogenetic diversity
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