Opposite effects of acute and chronic amphetamine on Nurr1 and NF-κB p65 in the rat ventral tegmental area.
Dopamine neurons are overstimulated by drugs of abuse and suffer molecular alterations that lead to addiction behavior. Nurr1 is a transcription factor crucial for dopamine neurons survival and dopamine production, activating the transcription of key genes like tyrosine hydroxylase (TH). Interestingly, nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB) has emerged as a new Nurr1 partner in response to inflammatory stimulus. In this study we evaluated the effects of single and repeated amphetamine administration in the expression of Nurr1 and the NF-κB p65 subunit in the rat ventral tegmental area (VTA). We found that acute amphetamine treatment increased Nurr1, p65 and TH protein levels in the VTA. On the other hand, chronic amphetamine treatment decreased Nurr1 and p65 protein levels, but TH was unchanged. Mammalian reporter assays in cell lines showed that p65 represses Nurr1 transcriptional activity in an artificial promoter driven by Nurr1 response elements and in the native rat TH promoter. These results indicate that Nurr1 and NF-κB p65 factors are involved in the adaptive response of dopamine neurons to psychostimulants and that both transcription factors could be regulating Nurr1-dependent transactivation in the VTA.
Department of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, 8331150 Santiago, Chile.
Cristian
C
Arredondo
Department of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, 8331150 Santiago, Chile.
Marcela
M
González
Department of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, 8331150 Santiago, Chile. Electronic address: mandres@bio.puc.cl.
María Estela
ME
Andrés
Department of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, 8331150 Santiago, Chile. Electronic address: kgysling@bio.puc.cl.
Katia
K
Gysling
D000661:Amphetamine / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D000818:Animals; D000697:Central Nervous System Stimulants / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D059290:Dopaminergic Neurons / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D015870:Gene Expression / Q000187:drug effects; D057809:HEK293 Cells; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D057126:Nuclear Receptor Subfamily 4, Group A, Member 2 / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D016716:PC12 Cells; D011401:Promoter Regions, Genetic / Q000187:drug effects; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D013997:Time Factors; D051996:Transcription Factor RelA / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D014162:Transfection; D014446:Tyrosine 3-Monooxygenase / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D017557:Ventral Tegmental Area / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism*
D000697:Central Nervous System Stimulants; C539884:Nr4a2 protein, rat; D057126:Nuclear Receptor Subfamily 4, Group A, Member 2; D051996:Transcription Factor RelA; D000661:Amphetamine; D014446:Tyrosine 3-Monooxygenase
Dopamine; Nurr1; Psychostimulants; Transcription factors