Eotaxin Augments Calcification in Vascular Smooth Muscle Cells.
Calcification of atherosclerotic plaques in elderly patients represents a potent risk marker of cardiovascular events. Plasma analyses of patients with or without calcified plaques reveal significant differences in chemokines, particularly eotaxin, which escalates with increased calcification. We therefore, hypothesize that eotaxin in circulation augments calcification of vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) possibly via oxidative stress in the vasculature. We observe that eotaxin increases the rate of calcification significantly in VSMCs as evidenced by increased alkaline phosphatase activity, calcium deposition, and osteogenic marker expression. In addition, eotaxin promotes proliferation in VSMCs and triggers oxidative stress in a NADPH oxidase dependent manner. These primary novel observations support our proposition that in the vasculature eotaxin augments mineralization. Our findings suggest that eotaxin may represent a potential therapeutic target for prevention of cardiovascular complications in the elderly. J. Cell. Biochem. 118: 647-654, 2017. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Department of Vascular Surgery, VAPAHCS, Palo Alto, California.
Gayatri
G
Raghuraman
Department of Vascular Surgery, VAPAHCS, Palo Alto, California.
Joseph
J
Hsiung
Department of Vascular Surgery, VAPAHCS, Palo Alto, California.
Mary C
MC
Zuniga
Department of Vascular Surgery, VAPAHCS, Palo Alto, California.
Brittanie D
BD
Baughman
Department of Vascular Surgery, VAPAHCS, Palo Alto, California.
Elizabeth
E
Hitchner
Department of Surgery, Beth Israel Deaconess Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachesetts.
Raul J
RJ
Guzman
Department of Vascular Surgery, VAPAHCS, Palo Alto, California.|Department of Surgery, Stanford University, Stanford, California.
Wei
W
Zhou
D000375:Aging / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology; D054413:Chemokine CCL11 / Q000494:pharmacology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D009131:Muscle, Smooth, Vascular / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology; D032389:Myocytes, Smooth Muscle / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology; D019255:NADPH Oxidases / Q000378:metabolism; D018384:Oxidative Stress / Q000187:drug effects; D061205:Vascular Calcification / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology
D054413:Chemokine CCL11; D019255:NADPH Oxidases
EOTAXIN; NADPH-OXIDASE; OXIDATIVE STRESS; VASCULAR CALCIFICATION; VASCULAR SMOOTH MUSCLE CELL
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