Morphological and ultrastructural characterization of the acidophilic and lipid-producer strain Chlamydomonas acidophila LAFIC-004 (Chlorophyta) under different culture conditions.
Chlamydomonas acidophila LAFIC-004 is an acidophilic strain of green microalgae isolated from coal mining drainage. In the present work, this strain was cultivated in acidic medium (pH 3.6) under phototrophic, mixotrophic, and heterotrophic regimes to determine the best condition for growth and lipid production, simultaneously assessing possible morphological and ultrastructural alterations in the cells. For heterotrophic and mixotrophic treatments, two organic carbon sources were tested: 1 % glucose and 1 % sodium acetate. Lipid content and fatty acid profiles were only determined in phototrophic condition. The higher growth rates were achieved in phototrophic conditions, varying from 0.18 to 0.82 day-1. Glucose did not result in significant growth increase in either mixotrophic or heterotrophic conditions, and acetate proved to be toxic to the strain in both conditions. Oil content under phototrophic condition was 15.9 % at exponential growth phase and increased to 54.63 % at stationary phase. Based on cell morphology (flow cytometry and light microscopy) and ultrastructure (transmission electron microscopy), similar characteristics were observed between phototrophic and mixotrophic conditions with glucose evidencing many lipid bodies, starch granules, and intense fluorescence. Under the tested conditions, mixotrophic and heterotrophic modes did not result in increased neutral lipid fluorescence. It can be concluded that the strain is a promising lipid producer when grown until stationary phase in acidic medium and under a phototrophic regime, presenting a fatty acid profile suitable for biodiesel production. The ability to grow this strain in acidic mining residues suggests a potential for bioremediation with production of useful biomass.
Post Graduate Program in Biotechnology and Biosciences, Federal University of Santa Catarina, 88049-900, CP 476, Florianópolis, SC, Brazil. luanass1981@hotmail.com.
Luana Dos S
LD
Souza
Postdoctoral Research of Post-Graduate Program in Cell Biology and Development, Department of Cell Biology, Embryology and Genetics, Federal University of Santa Catarina, 88049-900, CP 476, Florianópolis, SC, Brazil.
Carmen
C
Simioni
Central Laboratory of Electron Microscopy, Federal University of Santa Catarina, 88049-900, CP 476, Florianópolis, SC, Brazil.
Zenilda L
ZL
Bouzon
Department of Chemistry and Physics, Graduate Program in Environmental Technology, University of Santa Cruz do Sul, 96815-900, Santa Cruz do Sul, RS, Brazil.
Rosana de Cassia da S
RC
Schneider
Post Graduate Program in Biotechnology and Biosciences, Federal University of Santa Catarina, 88049-900, CP 476, Florianópolis, SC, Brazil.
Pablo
P
Gressler
Post Graduate Program in Biotechnology and Biosciences, Federal University of Santa Catarina, 88049-900, CP 476, Florianópolis, SC, Brazil.
Maria Cecília
MC
Miotto
Bioprocess Laboratory, Department of Microbiology and Parasitology, Federal University of Santa Catarina, 88049-900, CP 476, Florianópolis, SC, Brazil.
Marcio J
MJ
Rossi
Phycology Laboratory, Botany Department, Federal University of Santa Catarina, 88049-900, CP 476, Florianópolis, SC, Brazil.
Leonardo R
LR
Rörig
D001673:Biodegradation, Environmental; D056804:Biofuels; D002696:Chlamydomonas / Q000254:growth & development / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000648:ultrastructure*; D003032:Coal Mining; D005227:Fatty Acids / Q000096:biosynthesis*; D005947:Glucose / Q000378:metabolism*; D052836:Heterotrophic Processes / Q000502:physiology*; D066292:Lipid Droplets / Q000378:metabolism; D058086:Microalgae / Q000145:classification / Q000378:metabolism; D046529:Microscopy, Electron, Transmission; D052817:Phototrophic Processes / Q000502:physiology*
D056804:Biofuels; D005227:Fatty Acids; D005947:Glucose
Fatty acids; Flow cytometry; Heterotrophy; Lipid bodies; Mixotrophy; Ultrastructure
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