Detection of pH and Enzyme-Free H2O2 Sensing Mechanism by Using GdO x Membrane in Electrolyte-Insulator-Semiconductor Structure.
A 15-nm-thick GdO x membrane in an electrolyte-insulator-semiconductor (EIS) structure shows a higher pH sensitivity of 54.2 mV/pH and enzyme-free hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) detection than those of the bare SiO2 and 3-nm-thick GdO x membranes for the first time. Polycrystalline grain and higher Gd content of the thicker GdO x films are confirmed by transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and X-ray photo-electron spectroscopy (XPS), respectively. In a thicker GdO x membrane, polycrystalline grain has lower energy gap and Gd(2+) oxidation states lead to change Gd(3+) states in the presence of H2O2, which are confirmed by electron energy loss spectroscopy (EELS). The oxidation/reduction (redox) properties of thicker GdO x membrane with higher Gd content are responsible for detecting H2O2 whereas both bare SiO2 and thinner GdO x membranes do not show sensing. A low detection limit of 1 μM is obtained due to strong catalytic activity of Gd. The reference voltage shift increases with increase of the H2O2 concentration from 1 to 200 μM owing to more generation of Gd(3+) ions, and the H2O2 sensing mechanism has been explained as well.
Department of Electronic Engineering, Chang Gung University (CGU), 259 Wen-Hwa 1st Rd., Kwei-Shan, Tao-Yuan, 333, Taiwan.
Pankaj
P
Kumar
Department of Electronic Engineering, Chang Gung University (CGU), 259 Wen-Hwa 1st Rd., Kwei-Shan, Tao-Yuan, 333, Taiwan. sidhu@mail.cgu.edu.tw.|Bio-Sensor Lab., Biomedical Engineering Research Center, Department of Electronic Engineering, Chang Gung University, Tao-Yuan, 333, Taiwan. sidhu@mail.cgu.edu.tw.|Center for Reliability Science and Technologies (CReST), Department of Electronic Engineering, Chang Gung University, Tao-Yuan, 333, Taiwan. sidhu@mail.cgu.edu.tw.
Siddheswar
S
Maikap
Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Medicine, Chang Gung University (CGU), Tao-Yuan, 333, Taiwan.|Division of Gyn-Oncology, Department of Obs/Gyn, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital (CGMH), Tao-Yuan, 333, Taiwan.
Jian-Tai
JT
Qiu
Department of Electronic Engineering, Chang Gung University (CGU), 259 Wen-Hwa 1st Rd., Kwei-Shan, Tao-Yuan, 333, Taiwan.
Surajit
S
Jana
Department of Electronic Engineering, Chang Gung University (CGU), 259 Wen-Hwa 1st Rd., Kwei-Shan, Tao-Yuan, 333, Taiwan.
Anisha
A
Roy
Department of Electronic Engineering, Chang Gung University (CGU), 259 Wen-Hwa 1st Rd., Kwei-Shan, Tao-Yuan, 333, Taiwan.
Kanishk
K
Singh
Material and Chemical Research Laboratories (MRL), Industrial Technology Research Institute (ITRI), Hsinchu, 195, Taiwan.
Hsin-Ming
HM
Cheng
Material and Chemical Research Laboratories (MRL), Industrial Technology Research Institute (ITRI), Hsinchu, 195, Taiwan.
Mu-Tung
MT
Chang
Department of Electronics and Communications Engineering, National Institute of Technology (NIT), Durgapur, 713209, India.
Rajat
R
Mahapatra
Department of Electronic Engineering, Chang Gung University (CGU), 259 Wen-Hwa 1st Rd., Kwei-Shan, Tao-Yuan, 333, Taiwan.
Hsien-Chin
HC
Chiu
Department of Materials Science and Engineering, National Taiwan University (NTU), Taipei, 106, Taiwan.
Jer-Ren
JR
Yang
Catalytic; EIS structure; Enzyme-free H2O2; GdO x; Sensing mechanism; pH detection
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