Cross-cultural adaptation and validation of the SNOT-22 into Italian.
The aim of this study is to evaluate the reliability and validity of the Italian SNOT-22 (I-SNOT-22). The study consisted of five phases: item generation, reliability analysis, normative data generation, validity analysis and responsiveness analysis. The item generation phase followed the five-step, cross-cultural, adaptation process of translation and back-translation. A group of 222 patients with chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) were enrolled for the internal consistency analysis. Sixty patients completed the I-SNOT-22 twice, 2 weeks apart, for test-retest reliability analysis. A group of 119 asymptomatic subjects completed the I-SNOT-22 for normative data generation. I-SNOT-22 scores obtained by CRS patients and asymptomatic subjects were compared for validity analysis. I-SNOT-22 scores were correlated with Lund-Mackay and visual analogue scale (VAS) scores in 50 CRS patients for criterion validity analysis. Finally, I-SNOT-22 scores obtained in a group of 59 CRS patients before and after surgical treatment for CRS were compared for responsiveness analysis. All the enrolled subjects managed to complete the I-SNOT-22 without needing any assistance. Internal consistency was satisfactory (α = 0.86). Test-retest reliability was also satisfactory (ICC = 0.85). A significant difference in the I-SNOT-22 scores between the CRS patients and the asymptomatic subjects was found (p < 0.008). Positive significant correlations were found between I-SNOT-22 and VAS scores, while no significant correlations were found between I-SNOT-22 scores and Lund-Mackay scores. I-SNOT-22 scores obtained in the pre-treatment condition were significantly higher than those obtained after surgery. I-SNOT-22 is reliable, valid, responsive to changes in QOL, and recommended for clinical practice and outcome research.
Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, San Giuseppe Hospital, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy. Francesco.mozzanica@gmail.com.
Francesco
F
Mozzanica
Department of Otolaryngology, Di Circolo Hospital, Universita degli Studi, Varese, Italy.
A
A
Preti
Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, San Giuseppe Hospital, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy.
R
R
Gera
Department of Otolaryngology, Di Circolo Hospital, Universita degli Studi, Varese, Italy.
S
S
Gallo
Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, San Giuseppe Hospital, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy.
C
C
Bulgheroni
Department of Otolaryngology, Di Circolo Hospital, Universita degli Studi, Varese, Italy.
F
F
Bandi
Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, San Giuseppe Hospital, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy.
F
F
Ottaviani
Department of Otolaryngology, Di Circolo Hospital, Universita degli Studi, Varese, Italy.
P
P
Castelnuovo
D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D002908:Chronic Disease; D065246:Culturally Competent Care; D005260:Female; D006305:Health Status Indicators; D006801:Humans; D007558:Italy; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011446:Prospective Studies; D011788:Quality of Life; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D012220:Rhinitis / Q000175:diagnosis*; D012852:Sinusitis / Q000175:diagnosis*; D014177:Translations
Chronic rhinosinusitis; Quality of life; Self-assessment
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