Trends in childhood measles vaccination highlight socioeconomic inequalities in Vietnam.
OBJECTIVE
To describe trends in measles vaccine coverage rates and their association with socioeconomic characteristics among children from age 12 to 23 months in Vietnam from the year 2000 to 2014.


METHODS
Data were drawn from the Vietnam Multiple Indicator Cluster Surveys in years 2000, 2006, 2011, and 2014. Concentration indices were used to determine the magnitude of socioeconomic inequalities in measles vaccine coverage. Associations between measles vaccine coverage and relevant social factors were assessed using logistic regression.


RESULTS
Socioeconomic inequalities in measles vaccine coverage rates decreased during 2000-2014. Children belonging to ethnic minority groups, having mothers with lower education, and belonging to the poorest group were less likely to receive measles vaccine; although, their vaccine coverage rates did increase with time. Measles vaccine coverage declined among children of mothers with more education and belonging to the wealthiest socioeconomic group.


CONCLUSIONS
Understanding the social factors influencing adherence to recommend childhood vaccination protocols is essential. Attempts to regain and retain herd immunity must be guided by an understanding of these social factors if they are to succeed.
Center for Population Health Sciences, Hanoi School of Public Health, No. 138, Giang Vo Street, Dong Da, Hanoi, Vietnam. vuduykien@gmail.com.|Unit of Epidemiology and Global Health, Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden. vuduykien@gmail.com.
Vu Duy
VD
Kien
Center for Population Health Sciences, Hanoi School of Public Health, No. 138, Giang Vo Street, Dong Da, Hanoi, Vietnam.
Hoang
H
Van Minh
Institute for Preventive Medicine and Public Health, Hanoi Medical University, Hanoi, Vietnam.
Kim Bao
KB
Giang
Center for Population Health Sciences, Hanoi School of Public Health, No. 138, Giang Vo Street, Dong Da, Hanoi, Vietnam.
Vu Quynh
VQ
Mai
Institute for Preventive Medicine and Public Health, Hanoi Medical University, Hanoi, Vietnam.
Ngo Tri
NT
Tuan
Unit of Epidemiology and Global Health, Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden.
Mikkel B
MB
Quam
D004522:Educational Status; D005006:Ethnicity / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D008297:Male; D008458:Measles Vaccine / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D012959:Socioeconomic Factors; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D014611:Vaccination / Q000639:trends*; D014744:Vietnam
D008458:Measles Vaccine
Children; Measles; Socioeconomic inequality; Vaccine coverage; Vietnam
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