Fifty-year Time Trends in Blood Pressures, Body Mass Index and their Relations in a Japanese Community: The Circulatory Risk in Communities Study (CIRCS).
OBJECTIVE
Data for long-term trends in blood pressures, body mass index (BMI), and their relations are needed to set future intervention priorities for prevention of cardiovascular disease. The objective of this study was to investigate these trends revealed by repeated cross-sectional surveys conducted from 1963 to 2013 in a Japanese community.


METHODS
Men and women aged 40-79 years who participated in annual cardiovascular checkups were enrolled, and the number of participants ranged between 1,776 and 2,366 with consistently high participation rates for both sexes aged 60-69 years. Sex- and age-specific mean systolic and diastolic blood pressures were calculated using mixed effects modeling for repeated measurement, and the prevalence of hypertension with and without obesity (BMI ≥ 25 kg/m2) were also calculated.


RESULTS
Sex- and age-specific mean systolic and diastolic blood pressures declined irrespective of antihypertensive medication use in both men and women from 1963-1966 to 2009-2013, while mean BMI increased among men of all ages and women of ages 60-69 and 70-79 years. For both sexes aged 60-69 years, the prevalence of hypertension with obesity increased, but the prevalence of hypertension without obesity was still higher that with obesity.


CONCLUSIONS
Despite the transition to increased BMI levels, targeting non to obese hypertension remains important in addition to targeting obese hypertension for cardiovascular disease prevention.
Public Health, Department of Social Medicine, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine.
Miyuki
M
Hori
Research team for social participation and community health, Tokyo Metropolitan institution of gerontology.|Osaka Center for Cancer and Cardiovascular Diseases Prevention.
Akihiko
A
Kitamura
Osaka Center for Cancer and Cardiovascular Diseases Prevention.
Masahiko
M
Kiyama
Public Health, Department of Social Medicine, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine.|Osaka Center for Cancer and Cardiovascular Diseases Prevention.
Hironori
H
Imano
Osaka Center for Cancer and Cardiovascular Diseases Prevention.|Department of Public Health Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba.
Kazumasa
K
Yamagishi
Public Health, Department of Social Medicine, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine.
Renzhe
R
Cui
Department of Public Health Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba.|Department of Public Health, Dokkyo Medical University School of Medicine.
Mitsumasa
M
Umesawa
Osaka Center for Cancer and Cardiovascular Diseases Prevention.
Isao
I
Muraki
Osaka Center for Cancer and Cardiovascular Diseases Prevention.
Takeo
T
Okada
Department of Public Health Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba.
Tomoko
T
Sankai
Department of Epidemiology, School of Medicine, Fukushima Medical University.
Tetsuya
T
Ohira
Department of Community Health Systems Nursing, Ehime University Graduate School of Medicine.
Isao
I
Saito
Department of Public Health, Graduate School of Medicine, Juntendo University.
Takeshi
T
Tanigawa
Public Health, Department of Social Medicine, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine.
Hiroyasu
H
Iso
D000328:Adult; D000367:Age Factors; D000368:Aged; D001794:Blood Pressure; D015992:Body Mass Index; D002318:Cardiovascular Diseases / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000209:etiology*; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D006973:Hypertension / Q000150:complications*; D007564:Japan / Q000453:epidemiology; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009765:Obesity / Q000150:complications*; D015995:Prevalence; D011634:Public Health
Blood pressure; Body mass index; Hypertension; Long-term trends; Obesity
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