Practical use and pitfalls of hepatocyte-specific contrast agents (HSCAs) for pediatric hepatic and biliary magnetic resonance imaging.
Magnetic resonance imaging is commonly used to evaluate for hepatic and biliary pathology in the pediatric population. Recently, there has been increased use of hepatocyte-specific contrast agents (HSCAs), such as Gadoxetate disodium in children. Traditionally, HSCAs have been used to characterize focal liver lesions. However, these agents can also be used to problem solve specific hepatic or biliary diagnostic dilemmas. The purpose of this manuscript is to review the practical uses of HSCA in children with both hepatic and biliary indications, and review the corresponding imaging findings. We will highlight the diagnostic uses of HSCA in children, as well as pitfalls encountered.
Department of Pediatric Radiology, Columbia University Medical Center, Morgan Stanley Children's Hospital, 3959 Broadway, CHONY 3 N, New York, NY, 10032, USA. rsa2121@cumc.columbia.edu.
Rama S
RS
Ayyala
Department of Radiology, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, 34th Street and Civic Center Blvd., Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA.
Sudha A
SA
Anupindi
Department of Radiology, Boston Children's Hospital, 300 Longwood Avenue, Boston, MA, 02115, USA.
Michael J
MJ
Callahan
D001660:Biliary Tract Diseases / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D003287:Contrast Media / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology*; D005260:Female; D019786:Gadolinium DTPA / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology*; D022781:Hepatocytes / Q000187:drug effects*; D006801:Humans; D007089:Image Enhancement / Q000379:methods*; D007223:Infant; D008107:Liver Diseases / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging / Q000379:methods*; D008297:Male
D003287:Contrast Media; C073590:gadolinium ethoxybenzyl DTPA; D019786:Gadolinium DTPA
Biliary tract; Children; Hepatocyte-specific contrast; Liver; Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI); Mass