Flow Cytometric Investigation of Classical and Alternative Platelet Activation Markers.
Platelets show a substantial role in the maintenance of vascular integrity when these cells after a rapid activation adhere to the vessel wall lesion, aggregate with other platelets and leukocytes resulting in an arterial thrombosis. Analysis of in vivo platelet activation at an early time point is crucial in the detection of developing thrombotic events. In addition, the forecast of future complications as well as the evaluation of the efficacy of anti- platelet medication are also essential in a large group of patients. Changes in the levels of platelet receptors or alteration in other surface properties due to intra- and extracellular responses to a stimulus can be measurable primarily by flow cytometry with specific antibodies via the assessment of classical and alternative platelet activation markers. Some of these biomarkers have been already used in routine laboratory settings in many cases, while others still stand in the phase of research applications. Deficiency in platelet receptors is also accessible with this technique for the diagnosis of certain bleeding disorders. We here describe the most important types of platelet activation markers, and give an overview how the levels of these markers are altered in different diseases.
Department of Laboratory Medicine, Medical and Health Science Center, University of Debrecen , Debrecen, Hungary.
Béla
B
Nagy
Department of Laboratory Medicine, Medical and Health Science Center, University of Debrecen , Debrecen, Hungary.
Ildikó Beke
IB
Debreceni
Department of Laboratory Medicine, Medical and Health Science Center, University of Debrecen , Debrecen, Hungary.
János
J
Kappelmayer
P-selectin; coated-platelets; flow cytometry; heparin-induced thrombocytopenia; heterotypic aggregates; microparticle
Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1996 Oct 15;93(21):11877-82
8876231
Blood. 2009 May 21;113(21):5254-65
19264679
Thromb Haemost. 2011 Oct;106(4):683-92
21866298
Clin Chem Lab Med. 2004 May;42(5):475-86
15202782
J Thromb Thrombolysis. 2008 Apr;25(2):207-13
17530178
Stroke. 2003 Apr;34(4):849-54
12637702
Cerebrovasc Dis. 2003;16(4):376-82
13130179
J Thromb Haemost. 2004 Jan;2(1):58-64
14717967
Diabetes. 1995 Aug;44(8):890-4
7542611
Platelets. 2010;21(7):555-62
20670106
Blood Coagul Fibrinolysis. 2000 Dec;11(8):723-8
11132650
Am J Clin Pathol. 1992 Dec;98(6):637-46
1281383
Thromb Haemost. 1999 Mar;81(3):373-7
10102463
JACC Cardiovasc Interv. 2010 Aug;3(8):828-35
20723855
Platelets. 2008 Aug;19(5):365-72
18791943
Heart. 2001 Dec;86(6):649-55
11711459
Am J Hematol. 1997 Feb;54(2):95-101
9034282
Am J Cardiol. 2001 Mar 15;87(6):774-7, A7
11249902
Curr Med Chem. 2012;19(4):518-31
22204330
Blood. 2002 Oct 15;100(8):2827-31
12351391
Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol. 2012 Oct;32(10):2475-83
22837472
Thromb Haemost. 2009 Jul;102(1):83-9
19572072
Circulation. 1996 Sep 15;94(6):1239-46
8822975
Chest. 2007 Mar;131(3):809-815
17356097
Cytometry. 1998 Oct 15;34(5):229-34
9822309
J Thromb Haemost. 2013 Jan;11(1):2-16
23106920
Thromb Haemost. 2004 Feb;91(2):334-44
14961162
Haemophilia. 2012 Jul;18 Suppl 4:154-60
22726100
Atherosclerosis. 2007 May;192(1):148-54
16764881
Platelets. 2009 Nov;20(7):513-9
19852691
Physiol Rev. 2011 Jul;91(3):931-72
21742792
J Am Coll Cardiol. 2004 Nov 16;44(10):2091-3
15542299
Platelets. 2012;23(4):312-6
21942753
J Thromb Haemost. 2010 May;8(5):1140-2
20180820
Thromb Haemost. 2012 Feb;107(2):346-55
22234746
J Clin Invest. 1993 Apr;91(4):1775-82
7682577
Circ J. 2012;76(9):2174-82
22664782
Circulation. 2001 Sep 25;104(13):1533-7
11571248
Platelets. 2010;21(2):147-51
20050761
Stroke. 2010 Jun;41(6):1301-3
20395605
Am Heart J. 1998 Sep;136(3):398-405
9736129
Arterioscler Thromb. 1993 Jun;13(6):857-62
8499406
Semin Thromb Hemost. 1999;25 Suppl 1:67-75
10357155
Transfusion. 2009 Jan;49(1):108-17
18954396
Clin Chem. 2006 Apr;52(4):657-64
16439610
Platelets. 1997;8(6):379-83
16793671
J Thromb Haemost. 2006 Dec;4(12):2656-63
16961585
Br J Haematol. 2004 Sep;126(6):861-9
15352991
Stroke. 2002 Nov;33(11):2570-4
12411644
Br J Haematol. 2004 Jun;125(6):777-87
15180868
Nature. 1998 Feb 5;391(6667):591-4
9468137
J Thromb Haemost. 2008 Apr;6(4):609-14
18182039
Platelets. 2010;21(5):360-7
20377327
J Biol Chem. 1985 Sep 15;260(20):11107-14
2411729
Thromb Res. 2009 Dec;124(6):683-8
19656553
Platelets. 2012;23(2):132-42
21767237
Thromb Haemost. 2007 Jun;97(6):974-8
17549300
Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol. 2000 Dec;20(12):2702-8
11116075
Thromb Haemost. 2002 Aug;88(2):186-93
12195687
Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol. 2008 May;28(5):947-53
18292391
Transl Res. 2011 Jul;158(1):71-5
21708357
J Thromb Haemost. 2010 Jan;8(1):205-7
19874461
J Thromb Haemost. 2011 Apr;9(4):820-33
21320283
J Immunol Methods. 1995 Jul 17;184(1):39-51
7622868
Cell. 2007 Mar 23;128(6):1173-86
17382885
Thromb Haemost. 2007 Jul;98(1):186-91
17598012
Semin Thromb Hemost. 1996;22(5):409-13
8989824
Thromb Res. 2009 Jun;124(2):213-8
19233449
Curr Opin Immunol. 1994 Feb;6(1):75-84
7513527
Nature. 2002 Jan 10;415(6868):175-9
11805836
Thromb Haemost. 1999 Sep;82(3):1145-52
10494779
Eur Heart J. 2003 Dec;24(24):2166-79
14659768
Diabetes Care. 2009 May;32(5):944-9
19228864
Platelets. 2001 Nov;12(7):419-22
11674859
Blood. 2010 Sep 23;116(12):2011-8
20538794
Thromb Haemost. 2010 Mar;103(3):644-50
20076852
Br J Haematol. 1996 Dec;95(4):724-31
8982052
Thromb Haemost. 2007 Mar;97(3):425-34
17334510
Platelets. 2013;24(6):486-92
23216455
Platelets. 2012;23(6):495-8
22309045
J Exp Med. 1992 Apr 1;175(4):1091-101
1348081
Platelets. 2009 Jun;20(4):235-41
19459131
Platelets. 2013;24(5):407-11
22891819
Platelets. 2000 May;11(3):183-4
10938896
Stroke. 2003 Jun;34(6):1412-8
12764232
Am J Hematol. 1999 May;61(1):53-61
10331512