Association of Physical Inactivity, Weight, Smoking, and Prior Injury on Physical Performance in a Military Setting.
BACKGROUND
Although inactivity, being overweight, smoking, and a history of injury are identified as risk factors for poor health and injury, few authors have examined their association on physical performance. Young adults may be more likely to adopt healthier lifestyles if they understand the effect of health behaviors on performance.


OBJECTIVE
To determine the association of being overweight, smoking, inactivity, and a history of injury with physical performance.


METHODS
Cross-sectional study.


METHODS
Military population.


METHODS
Active-duty service members (N = 1466; 1380 men, 86 women; age = 24.7 ± 5.0 years; body mass index = 26.7 ± 3.4 kg/m2).


METHODS
Participants performed 8 measures (the triple-crossover hop for distance, the 6-m timed-hop test, the Functional Movement Screen, the Lower Quarter Y-Balance Test, the Upper Quarter Y-Balance Test, and the 3-event Army Physical Fitness Test) for evaluation of endurance, strength, muscular endurance, power, agility, balance, and motor control. Participants were categorized based on the number of health risk factors present. Using an analysis of covariance, we assessed the relationship between risk factors and physical performance with age and sex as covariates.


RESULTS
Compared with those who had no risk factors (27.9% of men, 34.9% of women), physical performance was worse in those who had 1, 2, or 3 to 4 risk factors present by 4.3%, 6.7%, and 10.3%, respectively. Decrements in performance for those with 3 to 4 risk factors ranged from 3.3% to 14.4%.


CONCLUSIONS
An unhealthy lifestyle habit or a history of injury was negatively associated with physical performance. Physical performance decrements were associated with the number of risk factors present. Understanding how risk factors contribute to decreased physical performance may enable clinicians to improve compliance with injury-prevention programs in occupational settings in which a young and relatively healthy workforce may be more concerned about performance than health.
Defense Health Headquarters, US Army Medical Command, Falls Church, VA.|Doctoral Program in Physical Therapy, US Army-Baylor University, Joint Base San Antonio-Fort Sam Houston, TX.
Deydre S
DS
Teyhen
Doctoral Program in Physical Therapy, US Army-Baylor University, Joint Base San Antonio-Fort Sam Houston, TX.|Department of Physical Medicine & Rehabilitation, Madigan Army Medical Center, Joint Base Lewis-McChord, WA.
Daniel I
DI
Rhon
Doctoral Program in Physical Therapy, Duke University, Durham, NC.
Robert J
RJ
Butler
Doctoral Program in Physical Therapy, US Army-Baylor University, Joint Base San Antonio-Fort Sam Houston, TX.
Scott W
SW
Shaffer
Doctoral Program in Physical Therapy, US Army-Baylor University, Joint Base San Antonio-Fort Sam Houston, TX.|School of Physical Therapy, University of Incarnate Word, San Antonio, TX.
Stephen L
SL
Goffar
Doctoral Program in Physical Therapy, University of Puget Sound, Tacoma, WA.
Danny J
DJ
McMillian
Doctoral Program in Physical Therapy, University of Puget Sound, Tacoma, WA.
Robert E
RE
Boyles
Doctoral Program in Physical Therapy, University of Evansville, IN.|ProRehab, PC, Evansville, IN.
Kyle B
KB
Kiesel
Doctoral Program in Physical Therapy, University of Evansville, IN.|ProRehab, PC, Evansville, IN.
Phillip J
PJ
Plisky
D000328:Adult; D001835:Body Weight; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D005260:Female; D015438:Health Behavior; D006801:Humans; D008019:Life Style; D008297:Male; D008889:Military Personnel; D010809:Physical Fitness / Q000502:physiology*; D012307:Risk Factors; D012907:Smoking / Q000009:adverse effects*; D014947:Wounds and Injuries / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000503:physiopathology; D055815:Young Adult
functional movement; health; injury prediction; risk factors
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