Associations between explorative dietary patterns and serum lipid levels and their interactions with ApoA5 and ApoE haplotype in patients with recently diagnosed type 2 diabetes.
OBJECTIVE
In patients with type 2 diabetes (T2D), responsiveness of serum lipid concentrations to dietary patterns may vary by genotype. The aims of the present study were to identify explorative dietary patterns and to examine their independent associations with serum lipid levels and interactions with apolipoprotein (Apo)A5 and ApoE variants among patients recently diagnosed with T2D.


METHODS
Within a cross-sectional analysis, participants of the German Diabetes Study (n = 348) with mean T2D duration of 6 months were investigated for fasting serum lipid levels, ApoA5 and ApoE genotypes; food consumption frequencies were assessed by a food propensity questionnaire. Dietary patterns were derived using principal component analysis (PCA) and reduced rank regression (RRR), which extracts patterns explaining variation in serum lipid concentrations.


RESULTS
PCA yielded interpretable dietary patterns which were, however, not related to serum lipid levels. Relevance of the RRR patterns varied by genotype: a preferred consumption of fruit gum, fruit juice, and potato dumpling, whilst avoiding fruits and vegetables independently associated with higher triglyceride levels among ApoA5*2. Patients in the highest compared to the lowest tertile of pattern adherence had 99 % higher triglycerides. Lower consumption frequencies of butter, cream cake, French fries, or high-percentage alcoholic beverages were independently related to lower LDL-cholesterol among ApoE2 carriers, with those in the highest compared to the lowest tertile of pattern adherence having 40 % lower LDL-cholesterol (both Pinteraction< 0.05).


CONCLUSIONS
Our explorative data analyses suggest that associations of dietary patterns with triglycerides and LDL-cholesterol differ by ApoA5 and ApoE haplotype in recently diagnosed T2D. Trial registration Clinicaltrials.gov: NCT01055093. Date of registration: January 22, 2010 (retrospectively registered). Date of enrolment of first participant to the trial: September 2005.
Institute for Clinical Diabetology, German Diabetes Center, Leibniz Institute for Diabetes Research, Heinrich Heine University, Düsseldorf, Germany.|German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), München-Neuherberg, Germany.
Katharina S
KS
Weber
German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), München-Neuherberg, Germany.|Institute for Clinical Biochemistry and Pathobiochemistry, German Diabetes Center, Leibniz Institute for Diabetes Research, Heinrich Heine University, Düsseldorf, Germany.
Birgit
B
Knebel
German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), München-Neuherberg, Germany.|Institute for Biometrics and Epidemiology, German Diabetes Center, Leibniz Institute for Diabetes Research, Heinrich Heine University, Düsseldorf, Germany.
Klaus
K
Strassburger
German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), München-Neuherberg, Germany.|Institute for Clinical Biochemistry and Pathobiochemistry, German Diabetes Center, Leibniz Institute for Diabetes Research, Heinrich Heine University, Düsseldorf, Germany.
Jörg
J
Kotzka
Department of Nutrition and Food Sciences, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany.
Peter
P
Stehle
Institute for Clinical Diabetology, German Diabetes Center, Leibniz Institute for Diabetes Research, Heinrich Heine University, Düsseldorf, Germany.|German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), München-Neuherberg, Germany.|Department of Endocrinology and Diabetology, Medical Faculty, Heinrich Heine University, Düsseldorf, Germany.
Julia
J
Szendroedi
Institute for Clinical Diabetology, German Diabetes Center, Leibniz Institute for Diabetes Research, Heinrich Heine University, Düsseldorf, Germany.|German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), München-Neuherberg, Germany.|Department of Endocrinology and Diabetology, Medical Faculty, Heinrich Heine University, Düsseldorf, Germany.
Karsten
K
Müssig
DONALD Study, IEL - Nutritional Epidemiology, University of Bonn, Heinstück 11, Dortmund, 44225, Germany. Buyken@uni-bonn.de.
Anette E
AE
Buyken
Institute for Clinical Diabetology, German Diabetes Center, Leibniz Institute for Diabetes Research, Heinrich Heine University, Düsseldorf, Germany.|German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), München-Neuherberg, Germany.|Department of Endocrinology and Diabetology, Medical Faculty, Heinrich Heine University, Düsseldorf, Germany.
Michael
M
Roden
ApoA5; ApoE; Apolipoproteins; Food pattern; LDL-cholesterol; Principal component analysis; Reduced rank regression; Triglycerides
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