Using Two Different Approaches to Assess Dietary Patterns: Hypothesis-Driven and Data-Driven Analysis.
The use of dietary patterns to assess dietary intake has become increasingly common in nutritional epidemiology studies due to the complexity and multidimensionality of the diet. Currently, two main approaches have been widely used to assess dietary patterns: data-driven and hypothesis-driven analysis. Since the methods explore different angles of dietary intake, using both approaches simultaneously might yield complementary and useful information; thus, we aimed to use both approaches to gain knowledge of adolescents' dietary patterns. Food intake from a cross-sectional survey with 295 adolescents was assessed by 24 h dietary recall (24HR). In hypothesis-driven analysis, based on the American National Cancer Institute method, the usual intake of Brazilian Healthy Eating Index Revised components were estimated. In the data-driven approach, the usual intake of foods/food groups was estimated by the Multiple Source Method. In the results, hypothesis-driven analysis showed low scores for Whole grains, Total vegetables, Total fruit and Whole fruits), while, in data-driven analysis, fruits and whole grains were not presented in any pattern. High intakes of sodium, fats and sugars were observed in hypothesis-driven analysis with low total scores for Sodium, Saturated fat and SoFAA (calories from solid fat, alcohol and added sugar) components in agreement, while the data-driven approach showed the intake of several foods/food groups rich in these nutrients, such as butter/margarine, cookies, chocolate powder, whole milk, cheese, processed meat/cold cuts and candies. In this study, using both approaches at the same time provided consistent and complementary information with regard to assessing the overall dietary habits that will be important in order to drive public health programs, and improve their efficiency to monitor and evaluate the dietary patterns of populations.
Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, University of São Paulo-USP, São Paulo 01246-904, Brazil. agatha.usp@gmail.com.
Ágatha Nogueira
ÁN
Previdelli
Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, University of São Paulo-USP, São Paulo 01246-904, Brazil. samantha.caesar@gmail.com.
Samantha Caesar
SC
de Andrade
Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, University of São Paulo-USP, São Paulo 01246-904, Brazil. rfisberg@usp.br.
Regina Mara
RM
Fisberg
Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, University of São Paulo-USP, São Paulo 01246-904, Brazil. marchioni@usp.br.
Dirce Maria
DM
Marchioni
D000293:Adolescent; D002648:Child; D053198:Child Nutrition Sciences; D004034:Diet Surveys / Q000379:methods; D005247:Feeding Behavior; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008962:Models, Theoretical; D055815:Young Adult
Brazilian Healthy Eating Index Revised (BHEI-R); adolescents; diet quality; dietary approaches; dietary patterns; factor analysis
J Nutr. 2010 Aug;140(8):1529-34
20573940
Rev Bras Epidemiol. 2012 Sep;15(3):662-74
23090312
Am J Epidemiol. 2010 Feb 15;171(4):479-87
20026579
J Nutr. 2009 Feb;139(2):359-64
19074210
Public Health Nutr. 2011 Dec;14 (12 ):2099-109
21729458
Eur J Clin Nutr. 2011 Jul;65 Suppl 1:S87-91
21731011
Eur J Clin Nutr. 2003 Sep;57 Suppl 1:S40-4
12947451
Public Health Nutr. 2012 Aug;15(8):1333-7
22494410
BMC Pediatr. 2012 Mar 22;12:35
22439777
Public Health Nutr. 2009 Sep;12(9):1366-72
19063765
Rev Saude Publica. 2008 Jun;42(3):550-4
18425293
Br J Nutr. 2001 Feb;85(2):133-4
11242479
Rev Saude Publica. 2013 Feb;47 Suppl 1:171S-6S
23703261
Rev Saude Publica. 2013 Aug;47(4):675-83
24346677
J Nutr. 2008 Feb;138(2):364-70
18203905
Eur J Nutr. 2015 Jun;54(4):653-64
25403942
Cien Saude Colet. 2010 Oct;15 Suppl 2:3085-97
21049149
J Am Diet Assoc. 2011 Feb;111(2):230-40
21272697
Nutr J. 2011 Jul 28;10 :79
21798035
Sao Paulo Med J. 2005 May 2;123(3):124-7
16021275
Public Health Nutr. 2009 Oct;12(10):1807-15
19161648
J Nutr. 1994 Nov;124(11 Suppl):2245S-2317S
7965210
Rev Saude Publica. 2009 Apr;43(2):219-25
19225699
Rev Saude Publica. 2011 Aug;45(4):794-8
21655703
Pediatrics. 2014 Mar;133(3):e635-42
24488738
Br J Nutr. 2007 Jul;98 (1):218-25
17367571
BMJ. 2007 Jul 28;335(7612):194
17591624
J Pediatr. 2010 Mar;156(3):456-60
20004911
J Am Diet Assoc. 2006 Oct;106(10):1575-87
17000190
Am J Epidemiol. 1985 Jul;122(1):13-26
4014190