Impact of micropollutants on the life-history traits of the mosquito Aedes aegypti: On the relevance of transgenerational studies.
Hazard assessment of chemical contaminants often relies on short term or partial life-cycle ecotoxicological tests, while the impact of low dose throughout the entire life cycle of species across multiple generations has been neglected. This study aimed at identifying the individual and population-level consequences of chronic water contamination by environmental concentrations of three organic micropollutants, ibuprofen, bisphenol A and benzo[a]pyrene, on Aedes aegypti mosquito populations in experimental conditions. Life-history assays spanning the full life-cycle of exposed individuals and their progeny associated with population dynamics modelling evidenced life-history traits alterations in unexposed progenies of individuals chronically exposed to 1 μg/L ibuprofen or 0.6 μg/L benzo[a]pyrene. The progeny of individuals exposed to ibuprofen showed an accelerated development while the progeny of individuals exposed to benzo[a]pyrene showed a developmental acceleration associated with an increase in mortality rate during development. These life-history changes due to pollutants exposure resulted in relatively shallow increase of Ae. aegypti asymptotic population growth rate. Multigenerational exposure for six generations revealed an evolution of population response to ibuprofen and benzo[a]pyrene across generations, leading to a loss of previously identified transgenerational effects and to the emergence of a tolerance to the bioinsecticide Bacillus turingiensis israelensis (Bti). This study shed light on the short and long term impact of environmentally relevant doses of ibuprofen and benzo[a]pyrene on Ae. aegypti life-history traits and insecticide tolerance, raising unprecedented perspectives about the influence of surface water pollution on vector-control strategies. Overall, our approach highlights the importance of considering the entire life cycle of organisms, and the necessity to assess the transgenerational effects of pollutants in ecotoxicological studies for ecological risk assessment. Finally, this multi-generational study gives new insight about the influence of surface water pollution on microevolutionary processes.
CNRS Laboratoire d'Ecologie Alpine (LECA), UMR 5553, BP 53, 2233 rue de la Piscine, 38041 Grenoble Cedex 9, France; Université Grenoble Alpes, Grenoble, France. Electronic address: prudhomme.sophie@gmail.com.
Sophie M
SM
Prud'homme
IRSTEA, UR MALY, Laboratoire d'écotoxicologie, centre de Lyon-Villeurbanne, F-69616 Villeurbanne, France. Electronic address: arnaud.chaumot@irstea.fr.
Arnaud
A
Chaumot
CNRS Laboratoire d'Ecologie Alpine (LECA), UMR 5553, BP 53, 2233 rue de la Piscine, 38041 Grenoble Cedex 9, France; Université Grenoble Alpes, Grenoble, France. Electronic address: eva.cassar@hotmail.fr.
Eva
E
Cassar
CNRS Laboratoire d'Ecologie Alpine (LECA), UMR 5553, BP 53, 2233 rue de la Piscine, 38041 Grenoble Cedex 9, France; Université Grenoble Alpes, Grenoble, France. Electronic address: jean-philippe.david@univ-grenoble-alpes.fr.
Jean-Philippe
JP
David
CNRS Laboratoire d'Ecologie Alpine (LECA), UMR 5553, BP 53, 2233 rue de la Piscine, 38041 Grenoble Cedex 9, France; Université Grenoble Alpes, Grenoble, France. Electronic address: stephane.reynaud@univ-grenoble-alpes.fr.
Stéphane
S
Reynaud
D000330:Aedes / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology*; D000818:Animals; D001559:Benzhydryl Compounds; D001564:Benzo(a)pyrene / Q000633:toxicity; D054750:Ecotoxicology; D004784:Environmental Monitoring; D004785:Environmental Pollutants / Q000633:toxicity*; D007306:Insecticides / Q000633:toxicity; D007814:Larva / Q000187:drug effects; D008018:Life Cycle Stages / Q000187:drug effects*; D010636:Phenols; D000098826:Bisphenol A Compounds
D001559:Benzhydryl Compounds; D001564:Benzo(a)pyrene; D004785:Environmental Pollutants; D007306:Insecticides; D010636:Phenols; C006780:bisphenol A; D000098826:Bisphenol A Compounds
Benzo[a]pyrene; Bisphenol A; Ibuprofen; Multigenerational exposure; Population dynamics