Prader-Willi syndrome mental health research strategy workshop proceedings: the state of the science and future directions.
This paper reports on the 'Prader-Willi Syndrome (PWS) Mental Health Research Strategy Workshop' that took place in March 2015. PWS is characterized by a complex phenotype affecting multiple systems with a high prevalence of maladaptive behaviours, and neuropsychiatric illness. Prader Willi syndrome results from the absence of paternally derived alleles located at the imprinted chromosomal locus, 15q11-13. The goal of the workshop was to highlight the state of the science of the mental health of people with this rare neurodevelopmental disorder. Mental ill health and maladaptive behaviors significantly impact quality of life for persons with PWS and their caregivers. Effective treatments and further research into this area are critically needed.


METHODS
A multidisciplinary group of scientists and health care professionals were brought together to discuss the mental health and behavioral needs of people with PWS. The workshop strategy was to integrate established work on PWS with other relevant areas of study. The meeting also focused on two neurobiological systems that research had suggested were relevant to understanding the broader mental health aspects of PWS: the autonomic nervous system and oxytocin/vasopressin pathways. Other relevant topics were considered and recommendations made.


RESULTS
The workshop presentations and working group discussions revealed that no one approach was sufficient to fully conceptualize the mental health challenges in PWS. Workshop discussions pointed to the need for theoretically informed studies focused on clinical characterization, measurement, and the probing of specific neurobiological systems through pharmaceutical or other interventions. Future studies in this area should explore the use of advanced neuroimaging protocols, as well as molecular studies using iPS cells in order to create more informed theories.


CONCLUSIONS
Within this framework, workshop participants identified and prioritized key research questions, and highlighted current opportunities. Recommendations were made with respect to the development of specific resources and tools for furthering mental health research such as The Global PWS Registry, the development of effective endpoints, the use of animal models and iPS cells to aid understanding of the neurobiological underpinnings. Additionally, collaborative opportunities across disciplines and syndromes were highlighted and targeted research initiatives focused on psychological/behavioral interventions modified for use in PWS were recommended.
Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, University of Washington, 1959 N.E. Pacific St, Box 356490, Seattle, WA, 98195, USA. Laurenroth30@gmail.com.
Lauren
http://orcid.org/0000-0002-4022-1196
L
Schwartz
Department of Psychiatry, Cambridge Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities Research Group, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.
Anthony
A
Holland
Vanderbilt Kennedy Center, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA.
Elisabeth
E
Dykens
Foundation for Prader-Willi Research, Los Angeles, CA, USA.|Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA.
Theresa
T
Strong
Vanderbilt Kennedy Center, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA.
Elizabeth
E
Roof
Foundation for Prader-Willi Research, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
Jessica
J
Bohonowych
And intellectual disability; Behavioral phenotype; Developmental disability; Mental health research
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