Theory of Mind, Emotion Recognition and Social Perception in Individuals at Clinical High Risk for Psychosis: findings from the NAPLS-2 cohort.
Social cognition, the mental operations that underlie social interactions, is a major construct to investigate in schizophrenia. Impairments in social cognition are present before the onset of psychosis, and even in unaffected first-degree relatives, suggesting that social cognition may be a trait marker of the illness. In a large cohort of individuals at clinical high risk for psychosis (CHR) and healthy controls, three domains of social cognition (theory of mind, facial emotion recognition and social perception) were assessed to clarify which domains are impaired in this population. Six-hundred and seventy-five CHR individuals and 264 controls, who were part of the multi-site North American Prodromal Longitudinal Study, completedThe Awareness of Social Inference Test, thePenn Emotion Recognition task, thePenn Emotion Differentiation task, and theRelationship Across Domains, measures of theory of mind, facial emotion recognition, and social perception, respectively. Social cognition was not related to positive and negative symptom severity, but was associated with age and IQ. CHR individuals demonstrated poorer performance on all measures of social cognition. However, after controlling for age and IQ, the group differences remained significant for measures of theory of mind and social perception, but not for facial emotion recognition. Theory of mind and social perception are impaired in individuals at CHR for psychosis. Age and IQ seem to play an important role in the arising of deficits in facial affect recognition. Future studies should examine the stability of social cognition deficits over time and their role, if any, in the development of psychosis.
Hotchkiss Brain Institute, Department of Psychiatry, University of Calgary, 3280 Hospital Drive NW, Calgary, AB T2N4Z6, Canada.
Mariapaola
M
Barbato
Hotchkiss Brain Institute, Department of Psychiatry, University of Calgary, 3280 Hospital Drive NW, Calgary, AB T2N4Z6, Canada.
Lu
L
Liu
Department of Psychiatry, University of California San Diego, 140 Arbor Drive, San Diego, CA 92103, United States.
Kristin S
KS
Cadenhead
Department of Psychology, Yale University, Box 208205, New Haven, CT 06520-8205, United States.
Tyrone D
TD
Cannon
Department of Psychiatry, Zucker Hillside Hospital, 75-59 263rd St, Queens, NY 11004, United States.
Barbara A
BA
Cornblatt
Department of Psychiatry, Yale University, 300 George St., Suite 901, New Haven, CT 06511 United States.
Thomas H
TH
McGlashan
Department of Psychiatry, University of North Carolina, 101 Manning Dr, Chapel Hill, NC 27514, United States.
Diana O
DO
Perkins
Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School at Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Massachusetts General Hospital, Landmark Building, 401 Park Drive, 2 East, Boston, MA 02215 United States.
Larry J
LJ
Seidman
Department of Psychiatry, University of California San Diego, 140 Arbor Drive, San Diego, CA 92103, United States; Institute of Genomic Medicine, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive #0761, La Jolla, CA 92093-0761, United States.
Ming T
MT
Tsuang
Department of Psychology, Emory University, 487 Psychology Building, 36 Eagle Row, Atlanta, GA 30322, United States.
Elaine F
EF
Walker
Department of Psychiatry, Yale University, 300 George St., Suite 901, New Haven, CT 06511 United States.
Scott W
SW
Woods
Departments of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences and Psychology, University of California, Los Angeles, 300 Building Medical Plaza, Suite 2265, Los Angeles, CA 90095, United States.
Carrie E
CE
Bearden
Department of Psychiatry, UCSF, 401 Parnassus Avenue, San Francisco, CA 94143, United States; Psychiatry Service, 116d, San Francisco VA Medical Center, 4150 Clement St. San Francisco, CA 94121 United States.
Daniel H
DH
Mathalon
Division of Adult Translational Research and Treatment Development, National Institute of Mental Health, 6001 Executive Boulevard, Room 7141, Bethesda, MSC 9629, United States.
Robert
R
Heinssen
Hotchkiss Brain Institute, Department of Psychiatry, University of Calgary, 3280 Hospital Drive NW, Calgary, AB T2N4Z6, Canada.
Jean
J
Addington
clinical high risk; psychosis; schizophrenia; social cognition
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