Conceptual Framework To Extend Life Cycle Assessment Using Near-Field Human Exposure Modeling and High-Throughput Tools for Chemicals.
Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) is a decision-making tool that accounts for multiple impacts across the life cycle of a product or service. This paper presents a conceptual framework to integrate human health impact assessment with risk screening approaches to extend LCA to include near-field chemical sources (e.g., those originating from consumer products and building materials) that have traditionally been excluded from LCA. A new generation of rapid human exposure modeling and high-throughput toxicity testing is transforming chemical risk prioritization and provides an opportunity for integration of screening-level risk assessment (RA) with LCA. The combined LCA and RA approach considers environmental impacts of products alongside risks to human health, which is consistent with regulatory frameworks addressing RA within a sustainability mindset. A case study is presented to juxtapose LCA and risk screening approaches for a chemical used in a consumer product. The case study demonstrates how these new risk screening tools can be used to inform toxicity impact estimates in LCA and highlights needs for future research. The framework provides a basis for developing tools and methods to support decision making on the use of chemicals in products.
Oak Ridge Institute for Science and Education (ORISE) Research Participation Program, hosted at U.S. Environmental Protection Agency , Cincinnati, Ohio 45268, United States.
Susan A
SA
Csiszar
Office of Research and Development, National Risk Management Research Laboratory, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency , Cincinnati, Ohio 45268, United States.
David E
DE
Meyer
Office of Research and Development, National Exposure Research Laboratory, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency , Research Triangle Park, North Carolina 27711, United States.
Kathie L
KL
Dionisio
Office of Research and Development, National Exposure Research Laboratory, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency , Research Triangle Park, North Carolina 27711, United States.
Peter
P
Egeghy
Office of Research and Development, National Exposure Research Laboratory, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency , Research Triangle Park, North Carolina 27711, United States.
Kristin K
KK
Isaacs
Office of Research and Development, National Exposure Research Laboratory, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency , Research Triangle Park, North Carolina 27711, United States.
Paul S
PS
Price
AAAS Science & Technology Policy Fellow hosted by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Air and Radiation, Office of Radiation and Indoor Air, Washington, DC 20460, United States.
Kelly A
KA
Scanlon
Office of Research and Development, National Exposure Research Laboratory, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency , Research Triangle Park, North Carolina 27711, United States.
Yu-Mei
YM
Tan
Office of Research and Development, National Exposure Research Laboratory, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency , Research Triangle Park, North Carolina 27711, United States.
Kent
K
Thomas
Office of Research and Development, National Exposure Research Laboratory, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency , Research Triangle Park, North Carolina 27711, United States.
Daniel
D
Vallero
Office of Research and Development, National Risk Management Research Laboratory, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency , Cincinnati, Ohio 45268, United States.
Jane C
JC
Bare
D003657:Decision Making; D004777:Environment; D006801:Humans; D008962:Models, Theoretical; D011634:Public Health; D018570:Risk Assessment; D018675:Toxicity Tests
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