Acaricidal activity of methanol extract of Acmella oleracea L. (Asteraceae) and spilanthol on Rhipicephalus microplus (Acari: Ixodidae) and Dermacentor nitens (Acari: Ixodidae).
We evaluated the acaricidal activity of Acmella oleracea methanol extract and spilanthol on Rhipicephalus microplus and Dermacentor nitens. The extract was made through maceration with methanol. From this extract, a dichloromethane fraction with 99% spilanthol was obtained and tested on R. microplus larvae and engorged females and D. nitens larvae. For evaluation against larvae, the modified larval packet test was used, and both the methanol extract and dichloromethane fraction were tested at concentrations of 0.2-50mg/mL. The modified larval packet test was also used in the lethal time (LT) test, with the methanol extract at a concentration of 12.5mg/mL and the percentage mortality was assessed after 15, 30, 45, 60, 75, 90, 120min and 24h. The 50% lethal time calculation (LT50) was performed in this test. The engorged female test was performed with R. microplus only, at concentrations of 25-200mg/mL for methanol extract and 2.5-20.0mg/mL for spilanthol. The methanol extract caused 100% mortality of the R. microplus and D. nitens larvae at concentrations of 3.1 and 12.5mg/mL, respectively. Spilanthol resulted in 100% mortality of R. microplus larvae at concentration of 1.6mg/mL and of D. nitens at 12.5mg/mL. In the lethal time assay using the methanol extract, the mortality rate was 100% for R. microplus and D. nitens larvae after 120min and 24h, with LT50values of 38 and 57min, respectively. In the test of females, the egg mass weight and the hatching percentage of the groups treated with concentrations equal to or higher than 50.0mg/mL of methanol extract were significantly reduced (p<0.05), while for spilanthol, the reduction of the egg mass weight and hatching percentage occurred from concentrations of 10.0mg/mL and 2.5mg/mL, respectively. Females treated with 200.0mg/mL of extract died before starting oviposition, resulting in 100% effectiveness, while the best efficacy for spilanthol was 92.9% at a concentration of 20.0mg/mL. Thus we conclude that the methanol extract of A. oleracea and spilanthol have acaricidal activity against R. microplus and D. nitens.
Programa de Pós-graduação em Ciências Biológicas - Comportamento e Biologia Animal da Universidade Federal de Juiz de Fora- Rua José Lourenço Kelmer, s/n - Campus Universitário - Bairro São Pedro - Juiz de Fora - MG, 36036-900, Brazil. Electronic address: paulabarrosocruz@hotmail.com.
Paula Barroso
PB
Cruz
Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciência e Tecnologia de Alimentos da Universidade Federal Rural do Rio de Janeiro, Rodovia BR 465 - Km 7, Seropédica - RJ, 23897-000, Brazil; Instituto Federal de Educação, Ciência e Tecnologia de Mato Grosso - Campus Sorriso, Avenida dos Universitários, 799, Bairro Santa Clara, Sorriso-MT, 78.890-000, Brazil. Electronic address: alan.barbosa@srs.ifmt.edu.br.
Alan Franco
AF
Barbosa
Programa de Pós-graduação em Ciências Veterinárias da Universidade Federal Rural do Rio de Janeiro, BR-465, Km 7 - Seropédica, Rio de Janeiro,Brazil. Electronic address: vivianezr@yahoo.com.br.
Viviane
V
Zeringóta
Programa de Pós-graduação em Biologia Animal da Universidade Federal Rural do Rio de Janeiro, BR-465, Km 7 - Seropédica, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. Electronic address: diego.ufjf@gmail.com.
Diego
D
Melo
Programa de Pós-graduação em Ciências Veterinárias da Universidade Federal Rural do Rio de Janeiro, BR-465, Km 7 - Seropédica, Rio de Janeiro,Brazil. Electronic address: tatinovatojf@gmail.com.
Tatiane
T
Novato
Departamento de Química, Instituto de Ciências Exatas, Universidade Federal Rural do Rio de Janeiro, Rodovia BR 465 - Km 7, Seropédica - RJ, 23897-000, Brazil. Electronic address: qcf_036@yahoo.com.br.
Queli Cristina
QC
Fidelis
Departamento de Bioquímica da Universidade Federal de Juiz de Fora - Rua José Lourenço Kelmer, s/n - Campus Universitário - Bairro São Pedro - Juiz de Fora - MG, 36036-900, Brazil. Electronic address: rodrigo.fabri@ufjf.edu.br.
Rodrigo Luiz
RL
Fabri
Departamento de Química, Instituto de Ciências Exatas, Universidade Federal Rural do Rio de Janeiro, Rodovia BR 465 - Km 7, Seropédica - RJ, 23897-000, Brazil. Electronic address: mariogdecarvalho@gmail.com.
Mário Geraldo
MG
de Carvalho
Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciência e Tecnologia de Alimentos da Universidade Federal Rural do Rio de Janeiro, Rodovia BR 465 - Km 7, Seropédica - RJ, 23897-000, Brazil; Departamento de Nutrição Básica e Experimental, Instituto de Nutrição Josué de Castro, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Cidade Universitária, Rio de Janeiro - RJ, 21949-900, Brazil.
Armando Ubirajara
AU
Oliveira Sabaa-Srur
Programa de Pós-graduação em Ciências Biológicas - Comportamento e Biologia Animal da Universidade Federal de Juiz de Fora- Rua José Lourenço Kelmer, s/n - Campus Universitário - Bairro São Pedro - Juiz de Fora - MG, 36036-900, Brazil. Electronic address: erik.daemon@ufjf.edu.br.
Erik
E
Daemon
Programa de Pós-graduação em Ciências Biológicas - Comportamento e Biologia Animal da Universidade Federal de Juiz de Fora- Rua José Lourenço Kelmer, s/n - Campus Universitário - Bairro São Pedro - Juiz de Fora - MG, 36036-900, Brazil; Programa de Pós-Graduanção em Ciência Animal da Universidade Federal de Goiás - Avenida Esperança, s/n, Campus Samambaia, Goiânia - GO, 74.690-900, Brazil. Electronic address: caiosat@gmail.com.
Caio Márcio Oliveira
CMO
Monteiro
D056810:Acaricides / Q000737:chemistry / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000494:pharmacology*; D000577:Amides / Q000737:chemistry / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000494:pharmacology*; D000818:Animals; D019659:Asteraceae / Q000737:chemistry*; D001938:Brazil; D002417:Cattle; D002418:Cattle Diseases / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000469:parasitology; D003870:Dermacentor / Q000187:drug effects*; D005260:Female; D035264:Flowers / Q000737:chemistry; D007814:Larva / Q000187:drug effects; D000432:Methanol; D010058:Oviposition / Q000187:drug effects; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000737:chemistry / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000494:pharmacology*; D018515:Plant Leaves / Q000737:chemistry; D018547:Plant Stems / Q000737:chemistry; D053284:Polyunsaturated Alkamides; D048494:Rhipicephalus / Q000187:drug effects*; D013984:Tick Infestations / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000469:parasitology / Q000662:veterinary*
D056810:Acaricides; D000577:Amides; C489347:N-isobutyl-2E-decenamide; D010936:Plant Extracts; D053284:Polyunsaturated Alkamides; D000432:Methanol
Cattle tick; Ixodidae; Lethal time; N-alkylamide; Tropical horse tick