Whole-body angular momentum during sloped walking using passive and powered lower-limb prostheses.
Sloped walking requires altered strategies for maintaining dynamic balance relative to level-ground walking, as evidenced by changes in sagittal-plane whole-body angular momentum (H) in able-bodied individuals. The ankle plantarflexor muscles are critical for regulating H, and functional loss of these muscles from transtibial amputation affects this regulation. However, it is unclear if a powered prosthesis, which more closely emulates intact ankle function than a passive energy-storage-and-return prosthesis, affects H differently during sloped walking. Therefore, our purpose was to investigate H in individuals with unilateral transtibial amputation when using powered and passive prostheses. Overall, the range of H was greater in people with a transtibial amputation relative to able-bodied individuals. On a -10° decline, individuals with amputation did not decrease H as much as able-bodied individuals, and had reduced prosthetic limb braking ground reaction forces and knee power absorption. On a +10° incline, individuals with amputation had a greater relative increase of H than able-bodied individuals, a more anterior placement of the prosthetic foot, and higher peak hip power generation. The powered prosthesis condition resulted in a smaller range of H during prosthetic stance relative to the passive condition, although it was still larger than able-bodied individuals. Our results suggest that prosthetic ankle power generation may help regulate dynamic balance during prosthetic stance, but alone is not sufficient for restoring H to that of able-bodied individuals on slopes. Contributions of knee extensor muscles and the biarticular gastrocnemius in regulating H on slopes should be further investigated.
Department of Mechanical Engineering, Colorado School of Mines, Golden, CO 80401, USA.
Nathaniel T
NT
Pickle
Center for the Intrepid, Department of Orthopaedics and Rehabilitation, Brooke Army Medical Center, JBSA Ft. Sam Houston, TX 78234, USA.
Jason M
JM
Wilken
Center for the Intrepid, Department of Orthopaedics and Rehabilitation, Brooke Army Medical Center, JBSA Ft. Sam Houston, TX 78234, USA.
Jennifer M
JM
Aldridge Whitehead
Department of Mechanical Engineering, Colorado School of Mines, Golden, CO 80401, USA. Electronic address: asilverm@mines.edu.
Anne K
AK
Silverman
D000328:Adult; D000671:Amputation, Surgical; D000842:Ankle / Q000502:physiology; D001186:Artificial Limbs; D001696:Biomechanical Phenomena; D005260:Female; D005684:Gait / Q000502:physiology; D006801:Humans; D007717:Knee / Q000502:physiology; D008297:Male; D055595:Mechanical Phenomena; D016059:Range of Motion, Articular; D016138:Walking / Q000502:physiology*
Amputee; Biomechanics; Downhill; Dynamic balance; Falls; Uphill
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