Cellular Functions and Molecular Mechanisms of the ESCRT Membrane-Scission Machinery.
The endosomal sorting complex required for transport (ESCRT) machinery is an assembly of protein subcomplexes (ESCRT I-III) that cooperate with the ATPase VPS4 to mediate scission of membrane necks from the inside. The ESCRT machinery has evolved as a multipurpose toolbox for mediating receptor sorting, membrane remodeling, and membrane scission, with ESCRT-III as the major membrane-remodeling component. Cellular membrane scission processes mediated by ESCRT-III include biogenesis of multivesicular endosomes, budding of enveloped viruses, cytokinetic abscission, neuron pruning, plasma membrane wound repair, nuclear pore quality control, nuclear envelope reformation, and nuclear envelope repair. We describe here the involvement of the ESCRT machinery in these processes and review current models for how ESCRT-III-containing multimeric filaments serve to mediate membrane remodeling and scission.
Centre for Cancer Biomedicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Montebello, 0379 Oslo, Norway; Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Institute for Cancer Research, Oslo University Hospital, Montebello, 0379 Oslo, Norway.
Liliane
L
Christ
Centre for Cancer Biomedicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Montebello, 0379 Oslo, Norway; Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Institute for Cancer Research, Oslo University Hospital, Montebello, 0379 Oslo, Norway.
Camilla
C
Raiborg
Centre for Cancer Biomedicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Montebello, 0379 Oslo, Norway; Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Institute for Cancer Research, Oslo University Hospital, Montebello, 0379 Oslo, Norway.
Eva M
EM
Wenzel
Centre for Cancer Biomedicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Montebello, 0379 Oslo, Norway; Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Institute for Cancer Research, Oslo University Hospital, Montebello, 0379 Oslo, Norway. Electronic address: coen.campsteijn@rr-research.no.
Coen
C
Campsteijn
Centre for Cancer Biomedicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Montebello, 0379 Oslo, Norway; Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Institute for Cancer Research, Oslo University Hospital, Montebello, 0379 Oslo, Norway; Centre of Molecular Inflammation Research, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Faculty of Medicine, 7491 Trondheim, Norway. Electronic address: stenmark@ulrik.uio.no.
Harald
H
Stenmark
D000251:Adenosine Triphosphatases / Q000378:metabolism; D002462:Cell Membrane / Q000378:metabolism*; D056827:Endosomal Sorting Complexes Required for Transport / Q000378:metabolism*; D006801:Humans
D056827:Endosomal Sorting Complexes Required for Transport; D000251:Adenosine Triphosphatases