Neuroprotective Effects of Theaflavins Against Oxidative Stress-Induced Apoptosis in PC12 Cells.
Oxidative stress can induce neuronal apoptosis via the production of superoxide and hydroxyl radicals. This process is as a major pathogenic mechanism in neurodegenerative disorders. In this study, we aimed to clarify whether theaflavins protect PC12 cells from oxidative stress damage induced by H2O2. A cell model of PC12 cells undergoing oxidative stress was created by exposing cells to 200 μM H2O2in the presence or absence of varying concentrations of theaflavins (5, 10, and 20 μM). Cell viability was monitored using the MTT assay and Hoechst 33258 staining, showing that 10 μM theaflavins enhanced cell survival following 200 μM H2O2induced toxicity and increased cell viability by approximately 40 %. Additionally, we measured levels of intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) and antioxidant enzyme activity. This suggested that the neuroprotective effect of theaflavins against oxidative stress in PC12 cells is derived from suppression of oxidant enzyme activity. Furthermore, Western blot analyses indicated that theaflavins downregulated the ratio of pro-apoptosis/anti-apoptosis proteins Bax/Bcl-2. Theaflavins also downregulated the expression of caspase-3 compared with a H2O2-treated group that had not been treated with theaflavins. Interestingly, this is the first study to report that the four main components of theaflavins found in black tea can protect neural cells (PC12) from apoptosis induced by H2O2. These findings provide the foundations for a new field of using theaflavins or its source, black tea, in the treatment of neurodegenerative diseases caused by oxidative stress.
Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Tea Science, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, 410128, China.
Jing
J
Zhang
Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Tea Science, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, 410128, China.
Shuxian
S
Cai
Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Tea Science, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, 410128, China.
Juan
J
Li
Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Tea Science, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, 410128, China.
Ligui
L
Xiong
Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Tea Science, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, 410128, China.
Lili
L
Tian
Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Tea Science, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, 410128, China.
Jianjun
J
Liu
Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Tea Science, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, 410128, China. jian7513@sina.com.|National Research Center of Engineering Technology for Utilization of Botanical Functional Ingredients, Changsha, 410128, China. jian7513@sina.com.|Collaborative Innovation Center of Utilization of Functional Ingredients from Botanicals, Changsha, 410128, China. jian7513@sina.com.
Jianan
J
Huang
Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Tea Science, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, 410128, China. larkin-liu@163.com.|National Research Center of Engineering Technology for Utilization of Botanical Functional Ingredients, Changsha, 410128, China. larkin-liu@163.com.|Collaborative Innovation Center of Utilization of Functional Ingredients from Botanicals, Changsha, 410128, China. larkin-liu@163.com.
Zhonghua
Z
Liu
D000818:Animals; D017209:Apoptosis / Q000187:drug effects*; D044946:Biflavonoids / Q000494:pharmacology*; D053148:Caspase 3 / Q000378:metabolism; D002392:Catechin / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000494:pharmacology; D002470:Cell Survival / Q000187:drug effects; D005707:Gallic Acid / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000494:pharmacology; D006861:Hydrogen Peroxide / Q000494:pharmacology; D009474:Neurons / Q000166:cytology / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism; D018696:Neuroprotective Agents / Q000494:pharmacology*; D018384:Oxidative Stress; D016716:PC12 Cells; D019253:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-bcl-2 / Q000378:metabolism; D051381:Rats
D044946:Biflavonoids; D018696:Neuroprotective Agents; D019253:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-bcl-2; C585473:theaflavin-3,3'-digallate; C056068:theaflavin; C088983:theaflavine gallate; D005707:Gallic Acid; D002392:Catechin; D006861:Hydrogen Peroxide; D053148:Caspase 3
Apoptosis; Neuroprotective effect; Oxidative stress; PC12 cells; Theaflavin
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