Immunometabolic circuits in trained immunity.
The classical view that only adaptive immunity can build immunological memory has recently been challenged. Both in organisms lacking adaptive immunity as well as in mammals, the innate immune system can adapt to mount an increased resistance to reinfection, a de facto innate immune memory termed trained immunity. Recent studies have revealed that rewiring of cellular metabolism induced by different immunological signals is a crucial step for determining the epigenetic changes underlying trained immunity. Processes such as a shift of glucose metabolism from oxidative phosphorylation to aerobic glycolysis, increased glutamine metabolism and cholesterol synthesis, play a crucial role in these processes. The discovery of trained immunity opens the door for the design of novel generations of vaccines, for new therapeutic strategies for the treatment of immune deficiency states, and for modulation of exaggerated inflammation in autoinflammatory diseases.
Department of Internal Medicine and Radboud Center for Infectious Diseases (RCI), Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands. Electronic address: rob.jw.arts@radboudumc.nl.
Rob J W
RJ
Arts
Department of Internal Medicine and Radboud Center for Infectious Diseases (RCI), Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands. Electronic address: leo.joosten@radboudumc.nl.
Leo A B
LA
Joosten
Department of Internal Medicine and Radboud Center for Infectious Diseases (RCI), Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands. Electronic address: mihai.netea@radboudumc.nl.
Mihai G
MG
Netea
D000818:Animals; D004734:Energy Metabolism; D044127:Epigenesis, Genetic; D005786:Gene Expression Regulation; D006019:Glycolysis; D006801:Humans; D007109:Immunity; D007113:Immunity, Innate; D007156:Immunologic Memory; D056747:Immunomodulation; D008264:Macrophages / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism; D053858:Metabolic Networks and Pathways
Epigenetics; Glycolysis; Immunometabolism; Macrophage; Monocyte; Trained immunity