Evaluation of metal contamination and phytoremediation potential of aquatic macrophytes of East Kolkata Wetlands, India.
OBJECTIVE
The present study analyzes metal contamination in sediment of the East Kolkata Wetlands, a Ramsar site, which is receiving a huge amount of domestic and industrial wastewater from surrounding areas. The subsequent uptake and accumulation of metals in different macrophytes are also examined in regard to their phytoremediation potential.


METHODS
Metals like cadmium (Cd), copper (Cu), manganese (Mn), and lead (Pb) were estimated in sediment, water and different parts of the macrophytesColocasia esculentaandScirpus articulatus.


RESULTS
The concentration of metals in sediment were, from highest to lowest, Mn (205.0±65.5 mg/kg)>Cu (29.9±10.2 mg/kg)>Pb (22.7±10.3 mg/kg)>Cd (3.7±2.2 mg/kg). The phytoaccumulation tendency of these metals showed similar trends in both native aquatic macrophyte species. The rate of accumulation of metals in roots was higher than in shoots. There were strong positive correlations (p<0.001) between soil organic carbon (OC) percentage and Mn (r =0.771), and sediment OC percentage and Pb (r=0.832). Cation exchange capacity (CEC) also showed a positive correlation (p<0.001) with Cu (r=0.721), Mn (r=0.713), and Pb (r=0.788), while correlations between sediment OC percentage and Cu (r=0.628), sediment OC percentage and Cd (r=0.559), and CEC and Cd (r=0.625) were significant at thep<0.05 level.


CONCLUSIONS
Bioaccumulation factor and translocation factors of these two plants revealed thatS. articulatuswas comparatively more efficient for phytoremediation, whereas phytostabilization potential was higher inC. esculenta.
Department of Environmental Science, University of Burdwan, Burdwan, India.
Amina
0000-0003-1005-7206
A
Khatun
Department of Environmental Science, Aghorekamini Prakashchandra Mahavidyalaya, Hooghly, India.
Sandipan
0000-0003-3552-1722
S
Pal
Department of Conservation Biology, Durgapur Government College, Durgapur, India.
Aloke Kumar
0000-0002-2309-0681
AK
Mukherjee
Department of Environmental Science, University of Burdwan, Burdwan, India.|Division of Environmental Science and Ecological Engineering, Korea University, Seoul, Korea.
Palas
0000-0001-9369-7502
P
Samanta
Department of Environmental Science, University of Burdwan, Burdwan, India.
Subinoy
0000-0001-6212-2423
S
Mondal
Department of Environmental Science, University of Burdwan, Burdwan, India.
Debraj
0000-0002-3083-8168
D
Kole
Department of Environmental Science, University of Burdwan, Burdwan, India.
Priyanka
0000-0002-8848-0146
P
Chandra
Department of Environmental Science, University of Burdwan, Burdwan, India.
Apurba Ratan
0000-0003-1454-7720
AR
Ghosh
Colocasia esculenta; East Kolkata Wetlands; Metals; Phytoremediation; Scirpus articulatus
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