Diffusive gradients in thin films measurement of sulfur stable isotope variations in labile soil sulfate.
A diffusive gradient in thin films (DGT) technique, based on a strongly basic anion exchange resin (Amberlite IRA-400), was successfully tested for34S/32S analysis in labile soil sulfate. Separation of matrix elements (Na, K, and Ca) that potentially cause non-spectral interferences in34S/32S analysis by MC ICP-MS (multi-collector inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry) during sampling of sulfate was demonstrated. No isotopic fractionation caused by diffusion or elution of sulfate was observed below a resin gel disc loading of ≤79 μg S. Above this threshold, fractionation towards34S was observed. The method was applied to 11 different topsoils and one mineral soil profile (0-100 cm depth) and compared with soil sulfate extraction by water. The S amount and isotopic ratio in DGT-S and water-extractable sulfate correlated significantly (r2= 0.89 and r2= 0.74 for the 11 topsoils, respectively). The systematically lower34S/32S isotope ratios of the DGT-S were ascribed to mineralization of organic S.
Department of Chemistry - VIRIS Laboratory, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences Vienna, Konrad-Lorenz-Strasse 24, 3430, Tulln, Austria.|Institute of Forest Ecology, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences Vienna, Peter-Jordan-Strasse 82, 1190, Vienna, Austria.
Ondrej
O
Hanousek
Institute of Soil Research, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences Vienna, Konrad-Lorenz-Strasse 24, 3430, Tulln, Austria. jakob.santner@boku.ac.at.|Division of Agronomy, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences Vienna, Konrad-Lorenz-Strasse 24, 3430, Tulln, Austria. jakob.santner@boku.ac.at.
Jakob
http://orcid.org/0000-0003-2540-539X
J
Santner
School of Agriculture, Food and Wine, University of Adelaide and the Waite Research Institute, Glen Osmond, South Australia, 5064, Australia.
Sean
S
Mason
Institute of Forest Ecology, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences Vienna, Peter-Jordan-Strasse 82, 1190, Vienna, Austria.
Torsten W
TW
Berger
Institute of Soil Research, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences Vienna, Konrad-Lorenz-Strasse 24, 3430, Tulln, Austria.
Walter W
WW
Wenzel
Department of Chemistry - VIRIS Laboratory, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences Vienna, Konrad-Lorenz-Strasse 24, 3430, Tulln, Austria.
Thomas
T
Prohaska
Diffusive gradients in thin films; Isotope ratio; MC ICP-MS; Sulfate; Sulfur
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