Polyamine- and NADPH-dependent generation of ROS during Helicobacter pylori infection: A blessing in disguise.
Helicobacter pylori is a Gram-negative bacterium that specifically colonizes the gastric ecological niche. During the infectious process, which results in diseases ranging from chronic gastritis to gastric cancer, the host response is characterized by the activation of the innate immunity of gastric epithelial cells and macrophages. These cells thus produce effector molecules such as reactive oxygen species (ROS) to counteract the infection. The generation of ROS in response to H. pylori involves two canonical pathways: 1) the NADPH-dependent reduction of molecular oxygen to generate O2•-, which can dismute to generate ROS; and 2) the back-conversion of the polyamine spermine into spermidine through the enzyme spermine oxidase, leading to H2O2production. Although these products have the potential to affect the survival of bacteria, H. pylori has acquired numerous strategies to counteract their deleterious effects. Nonetheless, ROS-mediated oxidative DNA damage and mutations may participate in the adaptation of H. pylori to its ecological niche. Lastly, ROS have been shown to play a major role in the development of the inflammation and carcinogenesis. It is the purpose of this review to summarize the literature about the production of ROS during H. pylori infection and their role in this infectious gastric disease.
Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, Department of Medicine, United States; Center for Mucosal Inflammation and Cancer, United States.
Alain P
AP
Gobert
Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, Department of Medicine, United States; Department of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology, United States; Department of Cancer Biology, United States; Center for Mucosal Inflammation and Cancer, United States; Vanderbilt Ingram Cancer Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, United States; Veterans Affairs Tennessee Valley Healthcare System, Nashville, TN 37212, United States. Electronic address: keith.wilson@vanderbilt.edu.
Keith T
KT
Wilson
D000818:Animals; D004249:DNA Damage; D016481:Helicobacter Infections / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000382:microbiology; D016480:Helicobacter pylori / Q000502:physiology*; D054884:Host-Pathogen Interactions; D006801:Humans; D009249:NADP / Q000502:physiology*; D019255:NADPH Oxidases / Q000378:metabolism; D018384:Oxidative Stress; D011073:Polyamines / Q000378:metabolism*; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species / Q000378:metabolism*
D011073:Polyamines; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species; D009249:NADP; D019255:NADPH Oxidases
Gastric cancer; Helicobacter pylori; NADPH oxidase; Polyamines; Reactive oxygen species
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