Effects of Brazilian Propolis on Dental Plaque and Gingiva in Patients with Oral Cleft Malformation Treated with Multibracket and Removable Appliances: A Comparative Study.
Orthodontic appliances modify the local environment of the oral cavity, increase the accumulation of dental plaque, and affect the condition of the gingiva. The aim of this study is assessment of Brazilian propolis toothpaste's effect on plaque index (PLI) and gingival index (GI) in patients with CL/CLP treated using orthodontic appliances in the 35-day study period. The study population included 96 patients of an Orthodontic Outpatient Clinic, ACSiMS in Bytom. All the patients participated in the active phase of orthodontic treatment using buccal multibracket appliances or removable appliances. During the first examination, each patient was randomly qualified to the propolis group or control group. A statistically significant decrease in GI and PLI in the entire propolis group (P < 0.01) was shown during repeated examination. Insignificant change in GI was in the entire control group during the repeated examination compared to the baseline. Similar result was obtained in patients treated with multibracket and removable appliances. The orthodontic appliance type did not affect the final dental plaque amount and gingival condition in patients using the propolis toothpaste. These results may be clinically useful to improve prevention and control oral infectious diseases during orthodontic treatment patients with oral cleft.
Department of Orthodontics, Chair of Masticatory Dysfunction and Orthodontics, Medical University of Silesia in Katowice, Pl. Traugutta 2, 41-800 Zabrze, Poland.
Agnieszka
0000-0003-3894-1298
A
Machorowska-Pieniążek
Department of Conservative Dentistry with Endodontics, Medical University of Silesia in Katowice, Pl. Akademicki 17, 41-902 Bytom, Poland.
Małgorzata
0000-0003-0584-968X
M
Skucha-Nowak
Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Medical University of Silesia in Katowice, Jordana 19, 41-808 Zabrze, Poland.
Anna
0000-0003-0796-8818
A
Mertas
Department of Conservative Dentistry with Endodontics, Medical University of Silesia in Katowice, Pl. Akademicki 17, 41-902 Bytom, Poland.
Marta
M
Tanasiewicz
Department and Clinic of Maxillofacial Surgery, Medical University of Silesia, Francuska 20, 40-027 Katowice, Poland.
Iwona
I
Niedzielska
Department of Oral Surgery, Medical University of Silesia in Katowice, Pl. Akademicki 17, 41-902 Bytom, Poland.
Tadeusz
0000-0002-2283-5784
T
Morawiec
Department of Temporomandibular Disorders, Unit SMDZ, Medical University of Silesia in Katowice, Pl. Traugutta 2, 41-800 Zabrze, Poland.
Stefan
0000-0003-4951-8030
S
Baron
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