Neocentromeres Provide Chromosome Segregation Accuracy and Centromere Clustering to Multiple Loci along a Candida albicans Chromosome.
Assembly of kinetochore complexes, involving greater than one hundred proteins, is essential for chromosome segregation and genome stability. Neocentromeres, or new centromeres, occur when kinetochores assemble de novo, at DNA loci not previously associated with kinetochore proteins, and they restore chromosome segregation to chromosomes lacking a functional centromere. Neocentromeres have been observed in a number of diseases and may play an evolutionary role in adaptation or speciation. However, the consequences of neocentromere formation on chromosome missegregation rates, gene expression, and three-dimensional (3D) nuclear structure are not well understood. Here, we used Candida albicans, an organism with small, epigenetically-inherited centromeres, as a model system to study the functions of twenty different neocentromere loci along a single chromosome, chromosome 5. Comparison of neocentromere properties relative to native centromere functions revealed that all twenty neocentromeres mediated chromosome segregation, albeit to different degrees. Some neocentromeres also caused reduced levels of transcription from genes found within the neocentromere region. Furthermore, like native centromeres, neocentromeres clustered in 3D with active/functional centromeres, indicating that formation of a new centromere mediates the reorganization of 3D nuclear architecture. This demonstrates that centromere clustering depends on epigenetically defined function and not on the primary DNA sequence, and that neocentromere function is independent of its distance from the native centromere position. Together, the results show that a neocentromere can form at many loci along a chromosome and can support the assembly of a functional kinetochore that exhibits native centromere functions including chromosome segregation accuracy and centromere clustering within the nucleus.
Department of Genetics, Cell Biology and Development, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, United States of America.|Department of Biology, Grinnell College, Grinnell, Iowa, United States of America.|Department of Biology, Gustavus Adolphus College, Saint Peter, Minnesota, United States of America.
Laura S
LS
Burrack
Department of Genetics, Cell Biology and Development, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, United States of America.
Hannah F
HF
Hutton
Department of Genetics, Cell Biology and Development, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, United States of America.
Kathleen J
http://orcid.org/0000-0002-0770-9958
KJ
Matter
Department of Genetics, Cell Biology and Development, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, United States of America.
Shelly Applen
SA
Clancey
Department of Genome Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States of America.
Ivan
http://orcid.org/0000-0001-6972-6705
I
Liachko
Department of Biology, Grinnell College, Grinnell, Iowa, United States of America.
Alexandra E
AE
Plemmons
Department of Biology, Grinnell College, Grinnell, Iowa, United States of America.
Amrita
A
Saha
Department of Biology, Gustavus Adolphus College, Saint Peter, Minnesota, United States of America.
Erica A
http://orcid.org/0000-0001-5017-8008
EA
Power
Department of Genetics, Cell Biology and Development, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, United States of America.
Breanna
B
Turman
Department of Microbiology and Biotechnology, George S. Wise Faculty of Life Sciences, Tel Aviv University, Ramat Aviv, Israel.
Mathuravani Aaditiyaa
http://orcid.org/0000-0002-1396-4402
MA
Thevandavakkam
La Jolla Institute for Allergy and Immunology, La Jolla, California, United States of America.
Ferhat
http://orcid.org/0000-0002-0708-6914
F
Ay
Department of Genome Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States of America.
Maitreya J
http://orcid.org/0000-0001-9944-2666
MJ
Dunham
Department of Genetics, Cell Biology and Development, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, United States of America.|Department of Microbiology and Biotechnology, George S. Wise Faculty of Life Sciences, Tel Aviv University, Ramat Aviv, Israel.
Judith
J
Berman
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