Unusually High Calcaneal Speed of Sound Measurements in Children with Small Foot Size.
The purpose of this clinical note is to describe the performance of the Lunar Achilles Insight device in assessing bone quality at the calcaneus in 142 children between the ages of 5 and 11 y accessing healthcare in Johannesburg, South Africa. We observed an asymmetric bimodal distribution in speed of sound (SOS). The minor mode consisted of unusually high SOS values (≥1625 m/s), which were primarily observed among children with foot size <19 cm and height <119 cm. Cortical regions of the bone may have been inadvertently included in the region of interest for smaller feet, causing unusually high SOS values. The unusually high SOS values indicate that the validity of SOS in this device, as it is currently used for measuring bone quality in young children, is questionable. Future studies using this device in young children should develop new methodology to account for smaller foot size.
Gertrude H. Sergievsky Center, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, USA.
Sarah M
SM
Ramteke
CyberLogic, Inc., New York, NY, USA; Department of Orthopedics, The Mount Sinai Medical Center, New York, NY, USA.
Jonathan J
JJ
Kaufman
Gertrude H. Sergievsky Center, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, USA; Department of Epidemiology, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, USA; Department of Pediatrics, College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, USA.
Stephen M
SM
Arpadi
Gertrude H. Sergievsky Center, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, USA; Department of Epidemiology, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, USA.
Stephanie
S
Shiau
Empilweni Services and Research Unit, Rahima Moosa Mother and Child Hospital, Department of Paediatrics and Child Health, School of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa.
Renate
R
Strehlau
Empilweni Services and Research Unit, Rahima Moosa Mother and Child Hospital, Department of Paediatrics and Child Health, School of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa.
Faeezah
F
Patel
Empilweni Services and Research Unit, Rahima Moosa Mother and Child Hospital, Department of Paediatrics and Child Health, School of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa.
Ndileka
N
Mbete
Empilweni Services and Research Unit, Rahima Moosa Mother and Child Hospital, Department of Paediatrics and Child Health, School of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa.
Ashraf
A
Coovadia
Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Disease, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, USA. Electronic address: mty4@columbia.edu.
Michael T
MT
Yin
D001837:Body Weights and Measures; D015519:Bone Density; D002111:Calcaneus / Q000033:anatomy & histology* / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D005260:Female; D005528:Foot / Q000033:anatomy & histology / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D006801:Humans; D008137:Longitudinal Studies; D008297:Male; D013019:South Africa; D014463:Ultrasonography / Q000379:methods*
Bone quality; Pediatrics; South Africa; Ultrasound
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