The (oxalato)aluminate complex as an antimicrobial substance protecting the "shiro" of Tricholoma matsutake from soil micro-organisms.
Tricholoma matsutake, a basidiomycete, forms ectomycorrhizas with Pinus densiflora as the host tree. Its fruiting body, "matsutake" in Japanese, is an edible and highly prized mushroom, and it grows in a circle called a fairy ring. Beneath the fairy ring of T. matsutake, a whitish mycelium-soil aggregated zone, called "shiro" in Japanese, develops. The front of the shiro, an active mycorrhizal zone, functions to gather nutrients from the soil and roots to nourish the fairy ring. Bacteria and sporulating fungi decrease from the shiro front, whereas they increase inside and outside the shiro front. Ohara demonstrated that the shiro front exhibited antimicrobial activity, but the antimicrobial substance has remained unidentified for 50 years. We have identified the antimicrobial substance as the (oxalato)aluminate complex, known as a reaction product of oxalic acid and aluminum phosphate to release soluble phosphorus. The complex protects the shiro from micro-organisms, and contributes to its development.
a Graduate School of Agriculture , Kyoto University , Kyoto , Japan.
Katsutoshi
K
Nishino
a Graduate School of Agriculture , Kyoto University , Kyoto , Japan.
Misao
M
Shiro
a Graduate School of Agriculture , Kyoto University , Kyoto , Japan.
Ryuki
R
Okura
a Graduate School of Agriculture , Kyoto University , Kyoto , Japan.
Kazuya
K
Oizumi
b Kyoto Prefectural Agriculture , Forestry and Fisheries Technology Center , Kameoka , Japan.
Toru
T
Fujita
c Institute for Chemical Research , Kyoto University , Uji , Japan.
Takahiro
T
Sasamori
c Institute for Chemical Research , Kyoto University , Uji , Japan.
Norihiro
N
Tokitoh
d Faculty of Agriculture , Shinshu University , Nagano , Japan.
Akiyoshi
A
Yamada
a Graduate School of Agriculture , Kyoto University , Kyoto , Japan.
Chihiro
C
Tanaka
e Department of Applied Microbiology , Forestry and Forest Products Research Institute , Tsukuba , Japan.
Muneyoshi
M
Yamaguchi
f Biodiversity Division , National Institute for Agro-Environmental Sciences , Tsukuba , Japan.
Syuntaro
S
Hiradate
a Graduate School of Agriculture , Kyoto University , Kyoto , Japan.
Nobuhiro
N
Hirai
D000535:Aluminum / Q000737:chemistry*; D000890:Anti-Infective Agents / Q000737:chemistry / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000494:pharmacology; D001419:Bacteria / Q000187:drug effects; D005658:Fungi / Q000187:drug effects; D008826:Microbial Sensitivity Tests; D009942:Organometallic Compounds / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000494:pharmacology*; D010070:Oxalates / Q000737:chemistry*; D012988:Soil Microbiology; D055439:Tricholoma / Q000187:drug effects*
D000890:Anti-Infective Agents; D009942:Organometallic Compounds; D010070:Oxalates; D000535:Aluminum
(oxalato)aluminate complex; Tricholoma matsutake; antimicrobial substance; mycorrhiza; shiro