Serological, molecular detection and potential risk factors associated with camel brucellosis in Pakistan.
Brucellosis is one of the most important zoonoses in developing countries and was considered the most widespread zoonosis in the world. Brucellosis was reported in camels and has been reported from all camel-keeping countries.The present study was performed in three districts (Jhang, Chiniot, and Bhakkar) of Punjab province of Pakistan. A total of 200 camel (Camelus bactrianus) sera were collected using random and multistage cluster sampling from different areas. Fifty samples were collected from one organized governmental farm. One hundred fifty samples were collected randomly from nomadic/pastoral production systems. All sera were tested with Rose Bengal plate agglutination test (RBPT) and confirmed by ELISA. Genomic DNA was extracted from all serum samples and tested by real-time PCR. Various potential risk factors (season, rearing with other animals, and abortion or orchitis history) recorded through questionnaires were statistically analyzed by Chi-square test.In total, 5 % of investigated sera were positive by RBPT. Only 2 % of the camel sera were CELISA positive. Brucella abortus DNA was detected in 1.5 % of the investigated animals. Season, rearing of camels with other ruminants, abortion, and orchitis history were found to be statistically significant (p < 0.05) disease for determinants.Camel brucellosis is a zoonotic disease in the Pakistani Punjab with various risk factors maintaining and perpetuating its spread. Therefore, there is a need for implementing control measures and raising public health awareness in prevention of brucellosis in Pakistan.
Section of Epidemiology and Public Health, College of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Jhang, Pakistan.
Sana
S
Fatima
Section of Epidemiology and Public Health, College of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Jhang, Pakistan.
Iahtasham
I
Khan
Section of Medicine, College of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Jhang, Pakistan.
Amar
A
Nasir
Department of Pathobiology, College of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Jhang, Pakistan.
Muhammad
M
Younus
Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan.
Muhammad
M
Saqib
Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, Institute of bacterial infections and zoonoses, Naumburger Str. 96a, 07743, Jena, Germany.
Falk
F
Melzer
Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, Institute of bacterial infections and zoonoses, Naumburger Str. 96a, 07743, Jena, Germany.
Heinrich
H
Neubauer
Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, Institute of bacterial infections and zoonoses, Naumburger Str. 96a, 07743, Jena, Germany. hosny.eladawy@fli.bund.de.|Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kafrelsheikh University, 335516, Kafrelsheikh, Egypt. hosny.eladawy@fli.bund.de.
Hosny
H
El-Adawy
D000034:Abortion, Veterinary / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000382:microbiology; D000372:Agglutination Tests / Q000662:veterinary; D000818:Animals; D000907:Antibodies, Bacterial / Q000097:blood; D002002:Brucella / Q000276:immunology / Q000302:isolation & purification; D002006:Brucellosis / Q000097:blood / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000662:veterinary*; D002162:Camelus; D004797:Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay / Q000662:veterinary; D005260:Female; D005843:Geography; D008297:Male; D010154:Pakistan / Q000453:epidemiology; D011247:Pregnancy; D060888:Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction; D012307:Risk Factors; D016036:Seroepidemiologic Studies; D014329:Tropical Climate; D015047:Zoonoses
D000907:Antibodies, Bacterial
Brucellosis; Camel; ELISA; PCR; Pakistan; Prevalence; RBPT; Risk factors
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