Characterization of pax3a and pax3b genes in artificially induced polyploid and gynogenetic olive flounder (Paralichthys olivaceus) during embryogenesis.
Although chromosome set manipulation techniques including polyploidy induction and gynogentic induction in flatfish are becoming increasingly mature, there exists a poor understanding of their effects on embryonic development. PAX3 plays crucial roles during embryonic myogenesis and neurogenesis. In olive flounder (Paralichthys olivaceus), there are two duplicated pax3 genes (pax3a, pax3b), and both of them are expressed in the brain and muscle regions with some subtle regional differences. We utilized pax3a and pax3b as indicators to preliminarily investigate whether chromosome set manipulation affects embryonic neurogenesis and myogenesis using whole-mount in situ hybridization. In the polyploid induction groups, 94 % of embryos in the triploid induction group had normal pax3a/3b expression patterns; however, 45 % of embryos in the tetraploid induction group showed abnormal pax3a/3b expression patterns from the tailbud formation stage to the hatching stage. Therefore, the artificial induction of triploidy and tetraploidy had a small or a moderate effect on flounder embryonic myogenesis and neurogenesis, respectively. In the gynogenetic induction groups, 87 % of embryos in the meiogynogenetic diploid induction group showed normal pax3a/3b expression patterns. However, almost 100 % of embryos in the gynogenetic haploid induction group and 63 % of embryos in the mitogynogenetic diploid induction group showed abnormal pax3a/3b expression patterns. Therefore, the induction of gynogenetic haploidy and mitogynogenetic diploidy had large effects on flounder embryonic myogenesis and neurogenesis. In conclusion, the differential expression of pax3a and pax3b may provide new insights for consideration of fish chromosome set manipulation.
Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 7 Nanhai Road, Qingdao, 266071, Shandong, People's Republic of China.|Laboratory for Marine Biology and Biotechnology, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, 7 Nanhai Road, Qingdao, 266071, Shandong, People's Republic of China.
Shuang
S
Jiao
Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 7 Nanhai Road, Qingdao, 266071, Shandong, People's Republic of China.|Laboratory for Marine Biology and Biotechnology, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, 7 Nanhai Road, Qingdao, 266071, Shandong, People's Republic of China.
Zhihao
Z
Wu
Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 7 Nanhai Road, Qingdao, 266071, Shandong, People's Republic of China.|Laboratory for Marine Biology and Biotechnology, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, 7 Nanhai Road, Qingdao, 266071, Shandong, People's Republic of China.
Xungang
X
Tan
Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 7 Nanhai Road, Qingdao, 266071, Shandong, People's Republic of China.|Laboratory for Marine Biology and Biotechnology, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, 7 Nanhai Road, Qingdao, 266071, Shandong, People's Republic of China.|University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, People's Republic of China.
Yulei
Y
Sui
Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 7 Nanhai Road, Qingdao, 266071, Shandong, People's Republic of China.|Laboratory for Marine Biology and Biotechnology, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, 7 Nanhai Road, Qingdao, 266071, Shandong, People's Republic of China.|University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, People's Republic of China.
Lijuan
L
Wang
Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 7 Nanhai Road, Qingdao, 266071, Shandong, People's Republic of China. youfeng@qdio.ac.cn.|Laboratory for Marine Biology and Biotechnology, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, 7 Nanhai Road, Qingdao, 266071, Shandong, People's Republic of China. youfeng@qdio.ac.cn.
Feng
F
You
D000818:Animals; D001921:Brain / Q000196:embryology / Q000378:metabolism; D004625:Embryo, Nonmammalian; D047108:Embryonic Development / Q000235:genetics; D029941:Fish Proteins / Q000235:genetics*; D005432:Flounder / Q000196:embryology / Q000235:genetics*; D018507:Gene Expression Regulation, Developmental; D024510:Muscle Development; D055495:Neurogenesis; D000072041:PAX3 Transcription Factor / Q000235:genetics*; D011003:Ploidies; D012333:RNA, Messenger
D029941:Fish Proteins; D000072041:PAX3 Transcription Factor; D012333:RNA, Messenger
Gynogenetic induction group; Olive flounder (Paralichthys olivaceus); Tetraploid induction group; Triploid induction group; pax3a; pax3b
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