Cyclooxygenase-2 in glioblastoma multiforme.
Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) represents the most prevalent brain primary tumor, yet there is a lack of effective treatment. With current therapies, fewer than 5% of patients with GBM survive more than 5 years after diagnosis. Mounting evidence from epidemiological studies reveals that the regular use of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) is correlated with reduced incidence of GBM, suggesting that cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) and its major product within the brain, prostaglandin E2 (PGE2), are involved in the development and progression of GBM. Here, we highlight our current understanding of COX-2 in GBM proliferation, apoptosis, invasion, angiogenesis, and immunosuppression by focusing on recent in vitro and in vivo experimental data. We also discuss the feasibility of COX-2 as a therapeutic target for GBM in light of the latest human studies.
Department of Cell Biology and Institute of Biomedicine, National Engineering Research Center of Genetic Medicine, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Bioengineering Medicine, College of Life Science and Technology, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510632, China; Division of Pharmaceutical Sciences, James L. Winkle College of Pharmacy, University of Cincinnati Academic Health Center, Cincinnati, OH 45267-0514, USA.
Jiange
J
Qiu
Department of Cell Biology and Institute of Biomedicine, National Engineering Research Center of Genetic Medicine, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Bioengineering Medicine, College of Life Science and Technology, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510632, China. Electronic address: tshizhi@jnu.edu.cn.
Zhi
Z
Shi
Division of Pharmaceutical Sciences, James L. Winkle College of Pharmacy, University of Cincinnati Academic Health Center, Cincinnati, OH 45267-0514, USA. Electronic address: jianxiong.jiang@uc.edu.
Jianxiong
J
Jiang
D000818:Animals; D000970:Antineoplastic Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use; D017209:Apoptosis / Q000187:drug effects; D001932:Brain Neoplasms / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000201:enzymology*; D049109:Cell Proliferation / Q000187:drug effects; D051546:Cyclooxygenase 2 / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D052246:Cyclooxygenase 2 Inhibitors / Q000627:therapeutic use; D015232:Dinoprostone / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D005909:Glioblastoma / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000201:enzymology*; D006801:Humans; D058990:Molecular Targeted Therapy; D009389:Neovascularization, Pathologic / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000201:enzymology*; D000071876:Prostaglandin-E Synthases / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors
D000970:Antineoplastic Agents; D052246:Cyclooxygenase 2 Inhibitors; D051546:Cyclooxygenase 2; D000071876:Prostaglandin-E Synthases; D015232:Dinoprostone
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