Perfluoroalkylphosphinic Acids in Northern Pike (Esox lucius), Double-Crested Cormorants (Phalacrocorax auritus), and Bottlenose Dolphins (Tursiops truncatus) in Relation to Other Perfluoroalkyl Acids.
Perfluoroalkyl phosphinic acids (PFPIAs) are perfluoroalkyl acids (PFAAs) that are used for their surfactant properties in a variety of applications, resulting in their presence in environmental waters; however, they have not been widely studied in biota. A survey of PFPIAs was conducted in fish, dolphins, and birds from various locations in North America. Northern pike (Esox lucius) were collected at two locations in 2011 near Montréal Island in the St. Lawrence River, Canada, double-crested cormorants (Phalacrocorax auritus) were collected from bird colonies in the Great Lakes in 2010-2012, and bottlenose dolphins (Tursiops truncatus) from Sarasota Bay, FL and Charleston Harbor, SC were sampled in 2004-2009. PFPIAs had a detection frequency of 100% in all animals. This is the first report of PFPIAs in fish, dolphin, and bird plasma. Total PFPIA levels (mean ± standard deviation, 1.87 ± 2.17 ng/g wet weight (ww), range of 0.112-15.3 ng/g ww) were 1-2 orders of magnitude lower than those of perfluoroalkyl carboxylates (PFCA) and perfluoroalkanesulfonates (PFSA) in the same samples. The predominant congeners were 6:8 PFPIA (cormorants and pike) and 6:6 PFPIA (dolphins). Total PFPIAs in cormorants from Hamilton Harbour (5.02 ± 2.80 ng/g ww) were statistically higher than in other areas and taxonomic groups. The ubiquity of PFPIAs warrants further research on sources and effects of these unique compounds.
Environment and Climate Change Canada, Canada Centre for Inland Waters , Burlington, Ontario, L7S 1A1, Canada.
Amila O
AO
De Silva
Environment and Climate Change Canada, Canada Centre for Inland Waters , Burlington, Ontario, L7S 1A1, Canada.
Christine
C
Spencer
Environment and Climate Change Canada, Canada Centre for Inland Waters , Burlington, Ontario, L7S 1A1, Canada.
Ki Chung D
KC
Ho
Environment and Climate Change Canada, Canada Centre for Inland Waters , Burlington, Ontario, L7S 1A1, Canada.
Mohammed
M
Al Tarhuni
Environment and Climate Change Canada, Canada Centre for Inland Waters , Burlington, Ontario, L7S 1A1, Canada.
Christopher
C
Go
Environment and Climate Change Canada, Centre Saint-Laurent , Montréal, Quebec H2Y 2E7, Canada.
Magali
M
Houde
Environment and Climate Change Canada, Canada Centre for Inland Waters , Burlington, Ontario, L7S 1A1, Canada.
Shane R
SR
de Solla
Biology Department, Queen's University , 116 Barrie Street, Kingston, Ontario K7L3N6 Canada.
Raphael A
RA
Lavoie
Environment and Climate Change Canada, Canada Centre for Inland Waters , Burlington, Ontario, L7S 1A1, Canada.
Laura E
LE
King
Environment and Climate Change Canada, Canada Centre for Inland Waters , Burlington, Ontario, L7S 1A1, Canada.
Derek C G
DC
Muir
Center for Coastal Environmental Health and Biomolecular Research, NOS, NOAA , 219 Fort Johnson Road, Charleston, South Carolina 29142, United States.
Patricia A
PA
Fair
Chicago Zoological Society's Sarasota Dolphin Research Program, Mote Marine Laboratory , 1600 Ken Thompson Parkway, Sarasota, Florida 34236, United States.|Georgia Aquarium , 225 Baker Street, Atlanta, Georgia 30313, United States.
Randall S
RS
Wells
Georgia Aquarium , 225 Baker Street, Atlanta, Georgia 30313, United States.
Gregory D
GD
Bossart
D000818:Animals; D001717:Birds; D050681:Bottle-Nosed Dolphin; D017859:Esocidae; D005399:Fishes; D006845:Hydrocarbons, Fluorinated / Q000032:analysis*; D014867:Water
D006845:Hydrocarbons, Fluorinated; D014867:Water