Monitoring of emerging pollutants in Guadiamar River basin (South of Spain): analytical method, spatial distribution and environmental risk assessment.
Guadiamar River is located in the southwest of the Iberian Peninsula and connects two protected areas in the South of Spain: Sierra Morena and Doñana National Park. It is sited in an area affected by urban, industrial and agriculture sewage pollution and with tradition on intensive mining activities. Most of the studies performed in this area have been mainly focused on the presence of heavy metals and, until now, little is known about the occurrence of other contaminants such as emerging organic pollutants (EOPs). In this work, an analytical method has been optimized and validated for monitoring of forty-seven EOPs in surface water. The analytical method has been applied to study the distribution and environmental risk of these pollutants in Guadiamar River basin. The analytical method was based on solid-phase extraction and determination by liquid chromatography-triple quadrupole-tandem mass spectrometry. The 60 % of the target compounds were found in the analyzed samples. The highest concentrations were found for two plasticizers (bisphenol A and di(2-ethyhexyl)phthalate, mean concentration up to 930 ng/L) and two pharmaceutical compounds (caffeine (up to 623 ng/L) and salicylic acid (up to 318 ng/L)). This study allowed to evaluate the potential sources (industrial or urban) of the studied compounds and the spatial distribution of their concentrations along the river. Environmental risk assessment showed a major risk on the south of the river, mainly due to discharges of wastewater effluents.
Department of Analytical Chemistry, Escuela Politécnica Superior, University of Seville, C/Virgen de África 7, E-41011, Seville, Spain.
Eva
E
Garrido
Department of Analytical Chemistry, Escuela Politécnica Superior, University of Seville, C/Virgen de África 7, E-41011, Seville, Spain.
Dolores
D
Camacho-Muñoz
Department of Analytical Chemistry, Escuela Politécnica Superior, University of Seville, C/Virgen de África 7, E-41011, Seville, Spain.
Julia
J
Martín
Department of Analytical Chemistry, Escuela Politécnica Superior, University of Seville, C/Virgen de África 7, E-41011, Seville, Spain.
Antonio
A
Santos
Department of Analytical Chemistry, Escuela Politécnica Superior, University of Seville, C/Virgen de África 7, E-41011, Seville, Spain. jlsantos@us.es.
Juan Luis
JL
Santos
Department of Analytical Chemistry, Escuela Politécnica Superior, University of Seville, C/Virgen de África 7, E-41011, Seville, Spain.
Irene
I
Aparicio
Department of Analytical Chemistry, Escuela Politécnica Superior, University of Seville, C/Virgen de África 7, E-41011, Seville, Spain.
Esteban
E
Alonso
D000383:Agriculture; D002853:Chromatography, Liquid; D004784:Environmental Monitoring; D008906:Mining; D009930:Organic Chemicals / Q000032:analysis* / Q000633:toxicity; D018570:Risk Assessment; D045483:Rivers; D052616:Solid Phase Extraction; D013030:Spain; D053719:Tandem Mass Spectrometry; D062065:Wastewater; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical / Q000032:analysis* / Q000633:toxicity
D009930:Organic Chemicals; D062065:Wastewater; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical
Determination; Ecotoxicological risk; Emerging organic pollutant; Surface water
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