Breastfeeding linked to the reduction of both rotavirus shedding and IgA levels after Rotarix® immunization in Mexican infants.
We examined potential risk factors on vaccine virus shedding and antibody seroresponse to human rotavirus vaccine (Rotarix) in Mexican infants. Two doses of Rotarix were administered to infants during the first two visits for their routine childhood immunization (∼8 and 15weeks of age) in Mexico City. Infant's characteristics and socioeconomic indicators were obtained, including history of long-term feeding practices (exclusively/predominantly breastfed and exclusively/predominantly non-breastfed). Two serum specimens were collected, one during the second rotavirus vaccine visit and one 7weeks later. Stool specimens were collected between days 4-7 after each of the two rotavirus vaccine doses. Rotavirus IgA and IgG titers in serum were determined by enzyme immunoassays (EIA) and rotavirus shedding in stool was assessed by EIA and confirmed by RT-PCR. The overall rotavirus IgA geometric mean titers (GMT) increased significantly post dose 2 from post dose 1 [176 (95%CI: 113-273) to 335 (238-471); p=0.020). Infants who were exclusively/predominantly breastfed were less likely to shed vaccine virus in stool than those who were formula-fed (22% vs. 43%, p=0.016). Infants who were breastfed had lower rotavirus IgA titers than those who were formula-fed after dose 1 [GMT: 145 (84-250) vs. 267 (126-566) p=0.188] and dose 2 [236 (147-378) vs.578 (367-910), p=0.007]. Infants who shed vaccine virus post dose 1 had significantly higher serum IgA GMT than those who did not shed [425 (188-965) vs. 150 (84-266), p=0.038]. Breastfeeding was linked with the reduction of both stool vaccine shedding, and IgA seroresponse. The reduced rotavirus replication in the gut and shedding after dose 1 may explain in part the lower IgA response in serum.
National Center for Child and Adolescent Health, Ministry of Health, Mexico City, Mexico.
Aurora
A
Bautista-Marquez
Division of Viral Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, USA.
Daniel E
DE
Velasquez
National Center for Child and Adolescent Health, Ministry of Health, Mexico City, Mexico.
Marcelino
M
Esparza-Aguilar
National Center for Child and Adolescent Health, Ministry of Health, Mexico City, Mexico.
Maria
M
Luna-Cruz
National Center for Child and Adolescent Health, Ministry of Health, Mexico City, Mexico.
Tatiana
T
Ruiz-Moran
Division of Viral Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, USA.
Ken
K
Sugata
Division of Viral Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, USA. Electronic address: bxj4@cdc.gov.
Baoming
B
Jiang
Division of Viral Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, USA.
Umesh
U
Parashar
Division of Viral Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, USA.
Manish
M
Patel
National Center for Child and Adolescent Health, Ministry of Health, Mexico City, Mexico.
Vesta
V
Richardson
D000914:Antibodies, Viral / Q000097:blood*; D001942:Breast Feeding; D005243:Feces / Q000821:virology; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007114:Immunization; D007124:Immunoenzyme Techniques; D000071497:Immunogenicity, Vaccine; D007070:Immunoglobulin A / Q000097:blood*; D007223:Infant; D008297:Male; D008800:Mexico; D008895:Milk, Human / Q000276:immunology; D012401:Rotavirus / Q000276:immunology* / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000502:physiology*; D012400:Rotavirus Infections / Q000517:prevention & control; D022243:Rotavirus Vaccines / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000276:immunology*; D014613:Vaccines, Attenuated / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000276:immunology; D014779:Virus Replication; D017201:Virus Shedding
D000914:Antibodies, Viral; D007070:Immunoglobulin A; C492457:RIX4414 vaccine; D022243:Rotavirus Vaccines; D014613:Vaccines, Attenuated
Breastfeeding; Immunogenicity; Infants; Rotavirus; Shedding; Vaccines