A new extraction method to assess the environmental availability of ciprofloxacin in agricultural soils amended with exogenous organic matter.
Fluoroquinolone antibiotics such as ciprofloxacin can be found in soils receiving exogenous organic matter (EOM). Their long-term behavior in EOM-amended soils and their level of biodegradability are not well understood partly due to a lack of methods to estimate their environmental availability. We performed different aqueous extractions to quantify the available fraction of14C-ciprofloxacin in soils amended with a compost of sewage sludge and green wastes or a farmyard manure contaminated at relevant environmental concentrations. After minimizing14C-ciprofloxacin losses by adsorption on laboratory vessel tubes, three out of eleven different aqueous solutions were selected, i.e., Borax, Na2EDTA and 2-hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin. During 28 d of incubation, the non-extractable fractions were very high in all samples, i.e., 57-67% of the initial14C-activity, and the availability of the antibiotic was very low, explaining its low biodegradation. A maximum of 6.3% of the initial14C-activity was extracted from soil/compost mixtures with the Na2EDTA solution, and 7.2% from soil/manure mixtures with the Borax solution. The available fraction level was stable over the incubation in soil/compost mixtures but slightly varied in soil/manure mixtures following the organic matter decomposition. The choice of different soft extractants highlighted different sorption mechanisms controlling the environmental availability of ciprofloxacin, where the pH and the quality of the applied EOM appeared to be determinant.
UMR ECOSYS, INRA, AgroParisTech, Université Paris-Saclay, 78850, Thiverval-Grignon, France.
Anaïs
A
Goulas
UMR ECOSYS, INRA, AgroParisTech, Université Paris-Saclay, 78850, Thiverval-Grignon, France. Electronic address: haudin@agroparistech.fr.
Claire-Sophie
CS
Haudin
UMR ECOSYS, INRA, AgroParisTech, Université Paris-Saclay, 78850, Thiverval-Grignon, France.
Valérie
V
Bergheaud
UMR ECOSYS, INRA, AgroParisTech, Université Paris-Saclay, 78850, Thiverval-Grignon, France.
Valérie
V
Dumény
UMR ECOSYS, INRA, AgroParisTech, Université Paris-Saclay, 78850, Thiverval-Grignon, France.
Sabrina
S
Ferhi
UMR ECOSYS, INRA, AgroParisTech, Université Paris-Saclay, 78850, Thiverval-Grignon, France.
Sylvie
S
Nélieu
UMR ECOSYS, INRA, AgroParisTech, Université Paris-Saclay, 78850, Thiverval-Grignon, France.
Marjolaine
M
Bourdat-Deschamps
UMR ECOSYS, INRA, AgroParisTech, Université Paris-Saclay, 78850, Thiverval-Grignon, France.
Pierre
P
Benoit
D000073738:2-Hydroxypropyl-beta-cyclodextrin; D000327:Adsorption; D000383:Agriculture; D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents / Q000737:chemistry*; D001673:Biodegradation, Environmental; D001881:Borates / Q000737:chemistry; D002939:Ciprofloxacin / Q000737:chemistry*; D004492:Edetic Acid / Q000737:chemistry; D008372:Manure; D012722:Sewage / Q000737:chemistry; D012987:Soil / Q000737:chemistry; D012989:Soil Pollutants / Q000737:chemistry*; D047392:beta-Cyclodextrins / Q000737:chemistry
D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents; D001881:Borates; D008372:Manure; D012722:Sewage; D012987:Soil; D012989:Soil Pollutants; D047392:beta-Cyclodextrins; C018851:borax; D000073738:2-Hydroxypropyl-beta-cyclodextrin; D002939:Ciprofloxacin; D004492:Edetic Acid
Antibiotic; Chemical extraction; Ionization; Organic matter; Sorption; pH