Effectiveness of seasonal influenza vaccine for adults and children in preventing laboratory-confirmed influenza in primary care in the United Kingdom: 2015/16 end-of-season results.
The United Kingdom (UK) is in the third season of introducing universal paediatric influenza vaccination with a quadrivalent live attenuated influenza vaccine (LAIV). The 2015/16 season in the UK was initially dominated by influenza A(H1N1)pdm09 and then influenza of B/Victoria lineage, not contained in that season's adult trivalent inactivated influenza vaccine (IIV). Overall adjusted end-of-season vaccine effectiveness (VE) was 52.4% (95% confidence interval (CI): 41.0-61.6) against influenza-confirmed primary care consultation, 54.5% (95% CI: 41.6-64.5) against influenza A(H1N1)pdm09 and 54.2% (95% CI: 33.1-68.6) against influenza B. In 2-17 year-olds, adjusted VE for LAIV was 57.6% (95% CI: 25.1 to 76.0) against any influenza, 81.4% (95% CI: 39.6-94.3) against influenza B and 41.5% (95% CI: -8.5 to 68.5) against influenza A(H1N1)pdm09. These estimates demonstrate moderate to good levels of protection, particularly against influenza B in children, but relatively less against influenza A(H1N1)pdm09. Despite lineage mismatch in the trivalent IIV, adults younger than 65 years were still protected against influenza B. These results provide reassurance for the UK to continue its influenza immunisation programme planned for 2016/17.
Public Health England, London, United Kingdom.
Richard
R
Pebody
Fiona
F
Warburton
Joanna
J
Ellis
Nick
N
Andrews
Alison
A
Potts
Simon
S
Cottrell
Jillian
J
Johnston
Arlene
A
Reynolds
Rory
R
Gunson
Catherine
C
Thompson
Monica
M
Galiano
Chris
C
Robertson
Rachel
R
Byford
Naomh
N
Gallagher
Mary
M
Sinnathamby
Ivelina
I
Yonova
Sameera
S
Pathirannehelage
Matthew
M
Donati
Catherine
C
Moore
Simon
S
de Lusignan
Jim
J
McMenamin
Maria
M
Zambon
D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D004196:Disease Outbreaks / Q000517:prevention & control*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D017589:Immunization Programs; D053118:Influenza A Virus, H1N1 Subtype / Q000276:immunology* / Q000302:isolation & purification; D009981:Influenza B virus / Q000276:immunology* / Q000302:isolation & purification; D007252:Influenza Vaccines / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000276:immunology*; D007251:Influenza, Human / Q000517:prevention & control* / Q000821:virology; D007753:Laboratories; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D017063:Outcome Assessment, Health Care; D011159:Population Surveillance; D011320:Primary Health Care; D020133:Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction; D012621:Seasons; D006113:United Kingdom / Q000453:epidemiology; D014611:Vaccination / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D064166:Vaccine Potency; D014613:Vaccines, Attenuated / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000276:immunology; D055815:Young Adult
D007252:Influenza Vaccines; D014613:Vaccines, Attenuated
immunisation; influenza; vaccines
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