Endophytic fungi and soil microbial community characteristics over different years of phytoremediation in a copper tailings dam of Shanxi, China.
We conducted a survey of native grass species infected by endophytic fungi in a copper tailings dam over progressive years of phytoremediation. We investigated how endophytic fungi, soil microbial community structure and soil physiochemical properties and enzymatic activity varied in responses to heavy metal pollution over different stages of phytoremediation. endophyte infection frequency increased with years of phytoremediation. Rates of endophyte infection varied among different natural grass species in each sub-dam. Soil carbon content and soil enzymatic activity gradually increased through the years of phytoremediation. endophyte infection rates of Bothriochloa ischaemum and Festuca rubra were positively related to levels of cadmium (Cd) pollution levels, and fungal endophytes associated with Imperata cylindrical and Elymus dahuricus developed tolerance to lead (Pb). The structure and relative abundance of bacterial communities varied little over years of phytoremediation, but there was a pronounced variation in soil fungi types. Leotiomycetes were the dominant class of resident fungi during the initial phytoremediation period, but Pezizomycetes gradually became dominant as the phytoremediation period progressed. Fungal endophytes in native grasses as well as soil fungi and soil bacteria play different ecological roles during phytoremediation processes.
Institute of Loess Plateau, Shanxi University, Wucheng Road 92, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030006, China. Electronic address: jiatong@sxu.edu.cn.
Jia
J
Tong
Institute of Loess Plateau, Shanxi University, Wucheng Road 92, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030006, China.
Cao
C
Miaowen
Institute of Biotechnology, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030006, China.
Jing
J
Juhui
Institute of Loess Plateau, Shanxi University, Wucheng Road 92, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030006, China.
Liu
L
Jinxian
Institute of Loess Plateau, Shanxi University, Wucheng Road 92, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030006, China.
Chai
C
Baofeng
D001673:Biodegradation, Environmental; D002681:China; D003300:Copper; D060026:Endophytes; D052918:Environmental Restoration and Remediation; D005658:Fungi; D019216:Metals, Heavy; D008906:Mining; D012987:Soil; D012988:Soil Microbiology; D012989:Soil Pollutants
D019216:Metals, Heavy; D012987:Soil; D012989:Soil Pollutants; D003300:Copper
Enzymatic activity; Fungal endophyte; Heavy metal; Soil microbial community