Pomegranate Intake Protects Against Genomic Instability Induced by Medical X-rays In Vivo in Mice.
Ionizing radiation (IR) is a well-documented human carcinogen. The increased use of IR in medical procedures has doubled the annual radiation dose and may increase cancer risk. Genomic instability is an intermediate lesion in IR-induced cancer. We examined whether pomegranate extract (PE) suppresses genomic instability induced by x-rays. Mice were treated orally with PE and exposed to an x-ray dose of 2 Gy. PE intake suppressed x-ray-induced DNA double-strand breaks (DSBs) in peripheral blood and chromosomal damage in bone marrow. We hypothesized that PE-mediated protection against x-ray-induced damage may be due to the upregulation of DSB repair and antioxidant enzymes and/or increase in glutathione (GSH) levels. We found that expression of DSB repair genes was not altered (Nbs1 and Rad50) or was reduced (Mre11, DNA-PKcs, Ku80, Rad51, Rad52 and Brca2) in the liver of PE-treated mice. Likewise, mRNA levels of antioxidant enzymes were reduced (Gpx1, Cat, and Sod2) or were not altered (HO-1 and Sod1) as a function of PE treatment. In contrast, PE-treated mice with and without IR exposure displayed higher hepatic GSH concentrations than controls. Thus, ingestion of pomegranate polyphenols is associated with inhibition of x-ray-induced genomic instability and elevated GSH, which may reduce cancer risk.
a Cancer Research Center , University at Albany , Rensselaer , New York , USA.|b Department of Biomedical Sciences , University at Albany, State University of New York , Albany , New York , USA.
Sameera
S
Nallanthighal
a Cancer Research Center , University at Albany , Rensselaer , New York , USA.|c Department of Environmental Health Sciences , University at Albany, State University of New York , Albany , New York , USA.
Amit B
AB
Shirode
a Cancer Research Center , University at Albany , Rensselaer , New York , USA.|c Department of Environmental Health Sciences , University at Albany, State University of New York , Albany , New York , USA.
Julius A
JA
Judd
a Cancer Research Center , University at Albany , Rensselaer , New York , USA.|c Department of Environmental Health Sciences , University at Albany, State University of New York , Albany , New York , USA.
Ramune
R
Reliene
D000818:Animals; D000975:Antioxidants / Q000378:metabolism; D053903:DNA Breaks, Double-Stranded / Q000528:radiation effects; D004260:DNA Repair / Q000235:genetics* / Q000528:radiation effects; D004798:Enzymes / Q000378:metabolism; D042822:Genomic Instability / Q000528:radiation effects*; D005978:Glutathione / Q000378:metabolism; D006657:Histones / Q000378:metabolism; D008099:Liver / Q000378:metabolism / Q000528:radiation effects; D029561:Lythraceae; D008810:Mice, Inbred C57BL; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000494:pharmacology; D011837:Radiation-Protective Agents / Q000494:pharmacology; D011859:Radiography / Q000009:adverse effects; D014965:X-Rays / Q000009:adverse effects*
D000975:Antioxidants; D004798:Enzymes; D006657:Histones; D010936:Plant Extracts; D011837:Radiation-Protective Agents; C475961:gamma-H2AX protein, mouse; D005978:Glutathione
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