Lower Doses of Fructose Extend Lifespan in Caenorhabditis elegans.
Epidemiological studies indicate that the increased consumption of sugars including sucrose and fructose in beverages correlate with the prevalence of obesity, type-2 diabetes, insulin resistance, hyperinsulinemia, hypertriglyceridemia, and hypertension in humans. A few reports suggest that fructose extends lifespan in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. In Anopheles gambiae, fructose, glucose, or glucose plus fructose also extended lifespan. New results presented here suggest that fructose extends lifespan in Caenorhabditis elegans (C. elegans) wild type (N2). C. elegans were fed standard laboratory food source (E. coli OP50), maintained in liquid culture. Experimental groups received additional glucose (111 mM), fructose (55 mM, 111 mM, or 555 mM), sucrose (55 mM, 111 mM, or 555 mM), glucose (167 mM) plus fructose (167 mM) (G&F), or high fructose corn syrup (HFCS, 333 mM). In four replicate experiments, fructose dose-dependently increased mean lifespan at 55 mM or 111 m Min N2, but decreased lifespan at 555 mM (P < 0.001). Sucrose did not affect the lifespan. Glucose reduced lifespan (P < 0.001). Equal amount of G&F or HFCS reduced lifespan (P < 0.0001). Intestinal fat deposition (IFD) was increased at a higher dose of fructose (555 mM), glucose (111 mM), and sucrose (55 mM, 111 mM, and 555 mM). Here we report a biphasic effect of fructose increasing lifespan at lower doses and shortening lifespan at higher doses with an inverse effect on IFD. In view of reports that fructose increases lifespan in yeast, mosquitoes and now nematodes, while decreasing fat deposition (in nematodes) at lower concentrations, further research into the relationship of fructose to lifespan and fat accumulation in vertebrates and mammals is indicated.
a Pennington Biomedical Research Center , Louisiana State University and A & M College , Baton Rouge , LA , USA.
Jolene
J
Zheng
b School of Nutrition and Food Sciences , Louisiana State University Agriculture Center , Baton Rouge , LA , USA.
Chenfei
C
Gao
b School of Nutrition and Food Sciences , Louisiana State University Agriculture Center , Baton Rouge , LA , USA.
Mingming
M
Wang
c Department of Biological Sciences, and Department of Chemistry , Louisiana State University and A & M College , Baton Rouge , LA , USA.
Phuongmai
P
Tran
c Department of Biological Sciences, and Department of Chemistry , Louisiana State University and A & M College , Baton Rouge , LA , USA.
Nancy
N
Mai
b School of Nutrition and Food Sciences , Louisiana State University Agriculture Center , Baton Rouge , LA , USA.
John W
JW
Finley
a Pennington Biomedical Research Center , Louisiana State University and A & M College , Baton Rouge , LA , USA.
Steven B
SB
Heymsfield
a Pennington Biomedical Research Center , Louisiana State University and A & M College , Baton Rouge , LA , USA.
Frank L
FL
Greenway
d Department of Nutrition , University of California , Los Angeles , CA , USA.
Zhaoping
Z
Li
d Department of Nutrition , University of California , Los Angeles , CA , USA.
David
D
Heber
a Pennington Biomedical Research Center , Louisiana State University and A & M College , Baton Rouge , LA , USA.
Jeffrey H
JH
Burton
a Pennington Biomedical Research Center , Louisiana State University and A & M College , Baton Rouge , LA , USA.
William D
WD
Johnson
c Department of Biological Sciences, and Department of Chemistry , Louisiana State University and A & M College , Baton Rouge , LA , USA.
Roger A
RA
Laine
D000273:Adipose Tissue / Q000187:drug effects; D000818:Animals; D017173:Caenorhabditis elegans / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000502:physiology; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D004926:Escherichia coli / Q000187:drug effects; D005632:Fructose / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology*; D005947:Glucose / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology; D007422:Intestines; D008136:Longevity / Q000187:drug effects; D013395:Sucrose / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology; D013549:Sweetening Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology*
D013549:Sweetening Agents; D005632:Fructose; D013395:Sucrose; D005947:Glucose
Caenorhabditis elegans; biphasic effect; fructose; high fructose corn syrup (HFCS); lifespan; obesity
Exp Clin Endocrinol Diabetes. 2011 Feb;119(2):129
20625971
Fed Proc. 1970 May-Jun;29(3):1302-7
4245709
Hypertension. 1987 Nov;10(5):512-6
3311990
Nature. 2003 Jan 16;421(6920):268-72
12529643
Am J Clin Nutr. 2007 Oct;86(4):899-906
17921363
Biochem J. 2004 Apr 1;379(Pt 1):191-8
14678010
Int Z Vitam Ernahrungsforsch Beih. 1976;15:105-15
1066327
PLoS One. 2014 Sep 11;9(9):e107206
25211467
J Nutr. 1982 Aug;112(8):1546-54
7047694
Caries Res. 2000 Nov-Dec;34(6):491-7
11093024
Adv Nutr. 2013 Mar 01;4(2):246-56
23493541
Cell Metab. 2009 Nov;10(5):379-91
19883616
Nutrients. 2015 May 22;7(5):3869-90
26007337
J Funct Foods. 2015 Oct;18(A):564-574
27721901
Croat Med J. 2015 Apr;56(2):94-103
25891868
Nestle Nutr Workshop Ser Clin Perform Programme. 2006;11:83-91; discussion 92-5
16820733
Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1981 Nov;78(11):6858-62
6947260
Diabetes Care. 2012 Jul;35(7):1611-20
22723585
Am J Clin Nutr. 2005 Feb;81(2):341-54
15699220
Int J Obes Relat Metab Disord. 2000 Jun;24(6):794-800
10878689
Tissue Cell. 1996 Dec;28(6):637-43
9004533
Am J Clin Nutr. 2013 Nov;98(5):1369-70
24142241
Lancet. 2001 Feb 17;357(9255):505-8
11229668
Exp Clin Endocrinol Diabetes. 2009 Nov;117(10):605-9
19924606
Am J Prev Med. 2013 Apr;44(4):351-7
23498100
Nutr Rev. 2015 Jun;73(6):399-408
26011914
J Agric Food Chem. 2010 Apr 28;58(8):4744-8
20353151
J Am Soc Nephrol. 2005 Dec;16(12):3553-62
16251237
Hepatobiliary Surg Nutr. 2015 Apr;4(2):109-16
26005677
Am J Clin Nutr. 2002 Nov;76(5):911-22
12399260
FEBS Lett. 2009 Nov 3;583(21):3377-87
19815017
Int J Obes (Lond). 2012 Feb;36(2):186-94
21556043
Nat Genet. 2001 Jun;28(2):139-45
11381260
J Nutr. 2009 Jun;139(6):1228S-1235S
19403716
Diabetes Care. 2013 Jan;36(1):150-6
22933433
Nature. 2010 Mar 25;464(7288):504-12
20336132
Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab. 2003 Nov;285(5):E1064-71
14534077
J Vis Exp. 2011 Mar 18;(49):null
21445049
Int J Obes (Lond). 2010 Mar;34(3):454-61
20029377
QJM. 2012 May;105(5):407-17
22198943
Am J Physiol Cell Physiol. 2007 Aug;293(2):C584-96
17428837
Reproduction. 2013 Nov 20;147(1):111-23
24163396
JAMA. 2014 Feb 26;311(8):806-14
24570244
Aging Cell. 2007 Oct;6(5):649-62
17711561
Nature. 1997 Oct 30;389(6654):994-9
9353126
Kidney Int. 2005 May;67(5):1739-42
15840020
J Biol Chem. 2008 Jan 25;283(4):2246-54
18055466
Am J Clin Nutr. 2010 Jan;91(1):280S-283S
19923373
Diabetes Care. 1989 May;12(5):337-44
2721342
J Am Heart Assoc. 2015 Sep 10;4(9):e001700
26358358
Nutr Res. 2015 Sep;35(9):834-43
26253816
Am J Clin Nutr. 2013 Aug;98(2):349-57
23783298
J Am Diet Assoc. 2010 Nov;110(11):1638-45
21034875
Chem Biol Interact. 2014 May 25;215:1-6
24632416
Food Chem Toxicol. 2011 Nov;49(11):2875-82
21889564
Nutrients. 2014 Nov 18;6(11):5153-83
25412152
QJM. 2012 Aug;105(8):809-10
22645377
J Insect Physiol. 2015 Aug;79:42-54
26050918
Evid Based Cardiovasc Med. 1997 Dec;1(4):87-8
16379746
Am J Clin Nutr. 2008 Nov;88(5):1419-37
18996880
J Dent Educ. 2001 Oct;65(10):1017-23
11699972
J Comp Physiol A Neuroethol Sens Neural Behav Physiol. 2015 Mar;201(3):317-29
25605635
Am J Clin Nutr. 2004 Apr;79(4):537-43
15051594
Am J Clin Nutr. 2002 Oct;76(4):721-9
12324283
Appetite. 2015 Oct;93:13-23
26002280
Lancet. 1967 Sep 9;2(7515):528-31
4166890
Pediatr Obes. 2013 Aug;8(4):249-54
23630060
Food Chem Toxicol. 2007 Aug;45(8):1523-36
17383789