Early diagnosis of dengue disease severity in a resource-limited Asian country.
BACKGROUND
Dengue is endemic throughout Cambodia, a country faced with significant health and economic challenges. We undertook a clinical study at the National Paediatric Hospital in Phnom Penh to evaluate clinical diagnostic parameters for dengue and predictors of disease outcome.


METHODS
Between September 2011 and January 2013, all consecutive inpatients aged between 1 and 15 years and presenting with suspected dengue were enrolled. They were clinically assessed using both the 1997 and 2009 WHO dengue classifications. Specimens were collected upon admission and discharge and tested for dengue at Institut Pasteur in Cambodia.


RESULTS
A total of 701 patients were screened. Of these, 79 % were dengue-confirmed by laboratory testing, and 21 % tested dengue-negative. A positive tourniquet test, absence of upper respiratory symptoms, leukopenia, thrombocytopenia, and elevated liver transaminases were independent predictors for laboratory-confirmed dengue among the children. The presence of several warning signs on hospital admission was associated with a concurrent laboratory-confirmed diagnosis of severe disease outcome.


CONCLUSIONS
The presence of two or more warning signs was associated with a concurrent laboratory-confirmed diagnosis of severe dengue at hospital admission. Thus, a cumulative score combining simple clinical parameters and first-line laboratory findings could be used to accurately predict dengue virus infection in pediatric populations, optimizing triage in settings with limited laboratory resources.
Infectious Diseases Programme, Saw Swee Hock School of Public Health, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore. pcavailler@gmail.com.|Current address: Agence de Médecine Préventive, 13 Chemin du Levant, Ferney-Voltaire, 01210, France. pcavailler@gmail.com.
Philippe
P
Cavailler
Epidemiology Unit, Institut Pasteur du Cambodge, Phnom Penh, Cambodia.
Arnaud
A
Tarantola
Infectious Diseases Programme, Saw Swee Hock School of Public Health, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore.|Institute of Infectious Disease and Epidemiology, Tan Tock Seng Hospital, Singapore, Singapore.
Yee Sin
YS
Leo
Infectious Diseases Programme, Saw Swee Hock School of Public Health, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore.|Current address: Global Health Group, University of California, San Francisco, USA.
Andrew A
AA
Lover
Epidemiology Unit, Institut Pasteur du Cambodge, Phnom Penh, Cambodia.
Anne
A
Rachline
National Paediatric Hospital, Phnom Penh, Cambodia.
Moniboth
M
Duch
National Dengue Control Program (NDCP), National Center for Parasitological, Entomology and Malaria Control, Ministry of Health, Phnom Penh, Cambodia.
Rekol
R
Huy
Infectious Diseases Programme, Saw Swee Hock School of Public Health, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore.
Ai Li
AL
Quake
National Paediatric Hospital, Phnom Penh, Cambodia.
Yuvatha
Y
Kdan
Virology Unit, Institut Pasteur in Cambodia, Phnom Penh, Cambodia.
Veasna
V
Duong
Medical Affairs Department, Sanofi Pasteur, Singapore, Singapore.|Current address: Takeda Vaccines Pte Ltd., Singapore, Singapore.
Jeremy L
JL
Brett
Virology Unit, Institut Pasteur in Cambodia, Phnom Penh, Cambodia.|Current address: GlaxoSmithKline vaccines, 150 Beach road, Singapore, Singapore.
Philippe
P
Buchy
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