Infectivity of wild bird-origin avian paramyxovirus serotype 1 and vaccine effectiveness in chickens.
Newcastle disease virus, a prototype avian paramyxovirus serotype 1 (APMV-1), causes economically devastating disease in avian species around the world. Newcastle disease is enzootic in Pakistan and recurrent outbreaks are frequent in multiple avian species even after continuous and extensive use of vaccines. A number of APMV-1 and pigeon paramyxovirus serotype 1 (PPMV-1) strains have been isolated and genetically characterized in recent years. However, the impact of recently characterized wild bird-origin APMVs in domestic poultry, and the potency of routinely used vaccines against these novel and genetically diverse viruses remain unknown. Here, we applied next-generation sequencing for unbiased complete genome characterization of APMV-1 and PPMV-1 strains isolated from clinically diseased peacocks (Pavocristatus) and pigeons (Columbalivia), respectively. Global phylodynamics and evolutionary analysis demonstrates Pigeon/MZS-UVAS-Pak/2014 is clustered into lineage 4 (or genotype VI) and Peacock/MZS-UVAS-Pak/2014 into lineage 5 (or genotype VII). The genomes of both isolates encoded for polybasic residues (112RRQKR↓F117) at the fusion protein cleavage motif along with a number of important substitutions in the surface glycoproteins compared with the vaccine strains. Clinicopathological and immunological investigations in domesticated chickens indicate that these isolates can potentially transmit between tested avian species, can cause systemic infections, and can induce antibodies that are unable to prevent virus shedding. Collectively, the data from these genomic and biological assessments highlight the potential of wild birds in transmitting APMVs to domesticated chickens. The study also demonstrates that the current vaccine regimens are incapable of providing complete protection against wild bird-origin APMVs and PPMVs.
University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Lahore 54600, Pakistan.
Muhammad Zubair
MZ
Shabbir
University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Lahore 54600, Pakistan.
Sameera
S
Akhtar
The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA.
Yi
Y
Tang
University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Lahore 54600, Pakistan.
Tahir
T
Yaqub
University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Lahore 54600, Pakistan.
Arfan
A
Ahmad
University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Lahore 54600, Pakistan.
Ghulam
G
Mustafa
University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Lahore 54600, Pakistan.
Muhammad Azhar
MA
Alam
The Pirbright Institute, Woking, Surrey GU24 0NF, UK.
Diwakar
D
Santhakumar
The Pirbright Institute, Woking, Surrey GU24 0NF, UK.
Venugopal
V
Nair
The Pirbright Institute, Woking, Surrey GU24 0NF, UK.
Muhammad
M
Munir
D000818:Animals; D000835:Animals, Wild / Q000821:virology; D002645:Chickens / Q000821:virology; D010856:Columbidae / Q000821:virology; D016679:Genome, Viral; D005838:Genotype; D009521:Newcastle Disease / Q000276:immunology / Q000821:virology*; D009522:Newcastle disease virus / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology* / Q000472:pathogenicity / Q000502:physiology; D010802:Phylogeny; D011201:Poultry Diseases / Q000276:immunology / Q000821:virology*; D014760:Viral Fusion Proteins / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology; D014765:Viral Vaccines / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology; D014774:Virulence
D014760:Viral Fusion Proteins; D014765:Viral Vaccines