Relationship between Body Composition and Pulmonary Function in Early Adult Life: A Cross-Sectional Analysis Nested in Two Birth Cohort Studies.
BACKGROUND
Overweight/obesity has been reported to worsen pulmonary function (PF). This study aimed to examine the association between PF and several body composition (BC) measures in two population-based cohorts.


METHODS
We performed a cross-sectional analysis of individuals aged 18 and 30 years from two Pelotas Birth Cohorts in southern Brazil. PF was assessed by spirometry. Body measures that were collected included body mass index, waist circumference, skinfold thickness, percentages of total and segmented (trunk, arms and legs) fat mass (FM) and total fat-free mass (FFM). FM and FFM were measured by air-displacement plethysmography (BODPOD) and by dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry (DXA). Associations were verified through linear regressions stratified by sex, and adjusted for weight, height, skin color, and socioeconomic, behavioral, and perinatal variables.


RESULTS
A total of 7347 individuals were included in the analyses (3438 and 3909 at 30 and 18 years, respectively). Most BC measures showed a significant positive association between PF and FFM, and a negative association with FM. For each additional percentage point of FM, measured by BOD POD, the forced vital capacity regression coefficient adjusted by height, weight and skin color, at 18 years, was -33 mL (95% CI -38, -29) and -26 mL (95% CI -30, -22), and -30 mL (95% CI -35, -25) and -19 mL (95% CI -23, -14) at 30 years, in men and women, respectively. All the BOD POD regression coefficients for FFM were the same as for the FM coefficients, but in a positive trend (p<0.001 for all associations).


CONCLUSIONS
All measures that distinguish FM from FFM (skinfold thickness-FM estimation-BOD POD, total and segmental DXA measures-FM and FFM proportions) showed negative trends in the association of FM with PF for both ages and sexes. On the other hand, FFM showed a positive association with PF.
Federal University of Pelotas-Postgraduate Program in Epidemiology, Rua Marechal Deodoro, 1160, 3° andar, 96020-220, Pelotas, RS, Brazil.
Paula Duarte de
PD
Oliveira
Federal University of Pelotas-Postgraduate Program in Epidemiology, Rua Marechal Deodoro, 1160, 3° andar, 96020-220, Pelotas, RS, Brazil.
Fernando C
FC
Wehrmeister
National Institute of Respiratory Diseases, Tlalpan, 4502, 14080, Mexico City, DF, Mexico.
Rogelio
R
Pérez-Padilla
Federal University of Pelotas-Postgraduate Program in Epidemiology, Rua Marechal Deodoro, 1160, 3° andar, 96020-220, Pelotas, RS, Brazil.
Helen
H
Gonçalves
Federal University of Pelotas-Postgraduate Program in Epidemiology, Rua Marechal Deodoro, 1160, 3° andar, 96020-220, Pelotas, RS, Brazil.
Maria Cecília F
MC
Assunção
Federal University of Pelotas-Postgraduate Program in Epidemiology, Rua Marechal Deodoro, 1160, 3° andar, 96020-220, Pelotas, RS, Brazil.
Bernardo Lessa
BL
Horta
Federal University of Pelotas-Postgraduate Program in Epidemiology, Rua Marechal Deodoro, 1160, 3° andar, 96020-220, Pelotas, RS, Brazil.
Denise P
DP
Gigante
Catholic University of Pelotas-Postgraduate Program in Health and Behavior, Rua Gonçalves Chaves, 373 -sala 411, prédio C, 96015-560, Pelotas, RS, Brazil.
Fernando C
FC
Barros
Federal University of Pelotas-Postgraduate Program in Epidemiology, Rua Marechal Deodoro, 1160, 3° andar, 96020-220, Pelotas, RS, Brazil.
Ana Maria Baptista
AM
Menezes
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