A naturally occurring bovine APOBEC3 confers resistance to bovine lentiviruses: implication for the co-evolution of bovids and their lentiviruses.
Mammals have co-evolved with lentiviruses for a long time. As evidence, viral infectivity factor (Vif), encoded by lentiviruses, antagonizes the anti-viral action of cellular APOBEC3 of their hosts. Here, we address the co-evolutionary dynamics of bovine APOBEC3 and the following two bovine lentiviruses: bovine immunodeficiency virus (BIV) and Jembrana disease virus (JDV). We determined the sequences of three APOBEC3 genes of bovids belonging to the genera Bos and Bison and showed that bovine APOBEC3Z3 is under a strong positive selection. We found that APOBEC3Z3 of gaur, a bovid in the genus Bos, acquired resistance to JDV Vif-mediated degradation after diverging from the other bovids through conversion of the structural composition of the loop 1 domain. Interestingly, the resistance of gaur APOBEC3Z3 can be attributed to the positive selection of residue 62. This study provides the first evidence, suggesting that a co-evolutionary arms race between bovids and lentiviruses occurred in Asia.
Laboratory of Viral Pathogenesis, Institute for Virus Research, Kyoto University, Kyoto 6068507, Japan.
Eri
E
Yamada
Laboratory of Viral Pathogenesis, Institute for Virus Research, Kyoto University, Kyoto 6068507, Japan.
Rokusuke
R
Yoshikawa
Laboratory of Viral Pathogenesis, Institute for Virus Research, Kyoto University, Kyoto 6068507, Japan.
Yusuke
Y
Nakano
Laboratory of Viral Pathogenesis, Institute for Virus Research, Kyoto University, Kyoto 6068507, Japan.
Naoko
N
Misawa
Laboratory of Animal Health, Department of Animal Science, Faculty of agriculture, Tokyo University of Agriculture, Kanagawa 2430034, Japan.
Tomoko
T
Kobayashi
Department of Bioinformatics, Medical Research Institute, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo 1138510, Japan.
Fengrong
F
Ren
Laboratory of Viral Pathogenesis, Institute for Virus Research, Kyoto University, Kyoto 6068507, Japan.|CREST, Japan Science and Technology Agency, Saitama 3220012, Japan.
Taisuke
T
Izumi
Laboratory of Virolution, Institute for Virus Research, Kyoto University, Kyoto 6068507, Japan.
Takayuki
T
Miyazawa
Laboratory of Viral Pathogenesis, Institute for Virus Research, Kyoto University, Kyoto 6068507, Japan.
Yoshio
Y
Koyanagi
Laboratory of Viral Pathogenesis, Institute for Virus Research, Kyoto University, Kyoto 6068507, Japan.|CREST, Japan Science and Technology Agency, Saitama 3220012, Japan.
Kei
K
Sato
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