Bioremediation of the neonicotinoid insecticide clothianidin by the white-rot fungus Phanerochaete sordida.
Clothianidin (CLO) is a member of the neonicotinoid pesticides, which have been widely used worldwide over the last two decades. However, its toxicity for bees and neurological toxicity for humans are urgent problems. Here, the degradation of CLO by the white-rot fungus Phanerochaete sordida was examined in nitrogen-limited liquid medium. After incubation for 20days at 30°C, 37% of CLO was degraded in the cultures. High-resolution ESI-MS and NMR analyses of the culture supernatant identified N-(2-chlorothiazol-5-yl-methyl)-N'-methylurea (TZMU) as a metabolite of CLO degradation. The addition of cytochrome P450 inhibitors to the culture medium markedly reduced the degradation of CLO by P. sordida. And manganese peroxidase, a major ligninolytic enzyme secreted by this fungus, were not carried out CLO degradation. The effects of CLO and TZMU on the viability of the neuronal cell line Neuro2a demonstrated that P. sordida effectively degrades CLO into a metabolite that lacks neurotoxicity.
Faculty of Agriculture, Shizuoka University, 836 Ohya, Suruga-ku, Shizuoka 422-8529, Japan.
Toshio
T
Mori
Faculty of Agriculture, Shizuoka University, 836 Ohya, Suruga-ku, Shizuoka 422-8529, Japan.
Jianqiao
J
Wang
Faculty of Agriculture, Shizuoka University, 836 Ohya, Suruga-ku, Shizuoka 422-8529, Japan.
Yusuke
Y
Tanaka
Department of Nutrition, Kohshien University, 10-1 Momijigaoka, Takarazuka 665-0006, Japan.
Kaoru
K
Nagai
Faculty of Agriculture, Shizuoka University, 836 Ohya, Suruga-ku, Shizuoka 422-8529, Japan; Research Institute of Green Science and Technology, Shizuoka University, 836 Ohya, Suruga-ku, Shizuoka 422-8529, Japan; Graduate School of Science and Technology, Shizuoka University, 836 Ohya, Suruga-ku, Shizuoka 422-8529, Japan.
Hirokazu
H
Kawagishi
Faculty of Agriculture, Shizuoka University, 836 Ohya, Suruga-ku, Shizuoka 422-8529, Japan; Research Institute of Green Science and Technology, Shizuoka University, 836 Ohya, Suruga-ku, Shizuoka 422-8529, Japan. Electronic address: hirai.hirofumi@shizuoka.ac.jp.
Hirofumi
H
Hirai
D001673:Biodegradation, Environmental; D002460:Cell Line; D003470:Culture Media; D065607:Cytochrome P-450 Enzyme Inhibitors / Q000494:pharmacology; D006146:Guanidines / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000633:toxicity; D006801:Humans; D007306:Insecticides / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000633:toxicity; D009682:Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; D000073943:Neonicotinoids / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000633:toxicity; D020258:Neurotoxicity Syndromes / Q000473:pathology; D020075:Phanerochaete / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism*; D021241:Spectrometry, Mass, Electrospray Ionization; D013844:Thiazoles / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000633:toxicity
D003470:Culture Media; D065607:Cytochrome P-450 Enzyme Inhibitors; D006146:Guanidines; D007306:Insecticides; D000073943:Neonicotinoids; D013844:Thiazoles; C480342:clothianidin
Biodegradation; Clothianidin; Phanerochaete sordida