Autosomal and X-Linked Additive Genetic Variation for Lifespan and Aging: Comparisons Within and Between the Sexes in Drosophila melanogaster.
Theory makes several predictions concerning differences in genetic variation between the X chromosome and the autosomes due to male X hemizygosity. The X chromosome should: (i) typically show relatively less standing genetic variation than the autosomes, (ii) exhibit more variation in males compared to females because of dosage compensation, and (iii) potentially be enriched with sex-specific genetic variation. Here, we address each of these predictions for lifespan and aging in Drosophila melanogaster To achieve unbiased estimates of X and autosomal additive genetic variance, we use 80 chromosome substitution lines; 40 for the X chromosome and 40 combining the two major autosomes, which we assay for sex-specific and cross-sex genetic (co)variation. We find significant X and autosomal additive genetic variance for both traits in both sexes (with reservation for X-linked variation of aging in females), but no conclusive evidence for depletion of X-linked variation (measured through females). Males display more X-linked variation for lifespan than females, but it is unclear if this is due to dosage compensation since also autosomal variation is larger in males. Finally, our results suggest that the X chromosome is enriched for sex-specific genetic variation in lifespan but results were less conclusive for aging overall. Collectively, these results suggest that the X chromosome has reduced capacity to respond to sexually concordant selection on lifespan from standing genetic variation, while its ability to respond to sexually antagonistic selection may be augmented.
Department of Evolutionary Biology, Uppsala University, 752 36, Sweden robgriffin247@hotmail.com urban.friberg@liu.se.|Department of Biology, University of Turku, 20014, Finland.
Robert M
0000-0001-8908-2759
RM
Griffin
Department of Evolutionary Biology, Bielefeld University, 33615, Germany.|Department of Population Ecology, Institute of Ecology, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, 07743, Germany.
Holger
0000-0002-9124-2261
H
Schielzeth
IFM Biology, AVIAN Behavioural Genomics and Physiology Group, Linköping University, 581 83, Sweden robgriffin247@hotmail.com urban.friberg@liu.se.
Urban
0000-0001-6112-9586
U
Friberg
D000375:Aging / Q000235:genetics*; D000818:Animals; D001499:Bayes Theorem; D002875:Chromosomes; D004331:Drosophila melanogaster / Q000235:genetics*; D005260:Female; D018628:Gene Dosage; D050172:Genes, X-Linked; D014644:Genetic Variation; D008136:Longevity / Q000235:genetics*; D008297:Male; D015233:Models, Statistical; D014960:X Chromosome
X chromosome; dosage compensation; faster X; intersexual genetic correlation; sexual dimorphism
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