Translocation and dissemination of commensal bacteria in post-stroke infection.
Bacterial infection is highly prevalent in patients who have had a stroke. Despite the potential contribution of micro-aspiration in post-stroke pneumonia, we found that the majority of the microorganisms detected in the patients who developed infections after having a stroke were common commensal bacteria that normally reside in the intestinal tracts. In a mouse model of ischemic stroke, post-stroke infection was only observed in mice that were born and raised in specific-pathogen-free facilities; this was not seen in mice that were born and raised in germ-free facilities. Using high-throughput 16S rRNA gene amplicon sequencing and bioinformatics analyses, we provide evidence demonstrating that the source of the bacteria forming the microbial community in the lungs of post-stroke mice was indeed the host small intestine. Additionally, stroke-induced gut barrier permeability and dysfunction preceded the dissemination of orally inoculated bacteria to peripheral tissues. This study identifies a novel pathway in which stroke promotes the translocation and dissemination of selective strains of bacteria that originated from the host gut microbiota.
School of Medical and Applied Sciences, Central Queensland University, Rockhampton, Queensland, Australia.
Dragana
D
Stanley
Department of Biochemistry, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia.
Linda J
LJ
Mason
Infection and Immunity Program, Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia.|Department of Microbiology, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia.
Kate E
KE
Mackin
Infection and Immunity Program, Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia.|Department of Microbiology, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia.
Yogitha N
YN
Srikhanta
Infection and Immunity Program, Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia.|Department of Microbiology, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia.
Dena
D
Lyras
Centre for Chronic Diseases, College of Health and Biomedicine, Victoria University, St. Albans, Victoria, Australia.
Monica D
MD
Prakash
Centre for Chronic Diseases, College of Health and Biomedicine, Victoria University, St. Albans, Victoria, Australia.
Kulmira
K
Nurgali
Stroke Unit, Department of Clinical Neurosciences and Hotchkiss Brain Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada.
Andres
A
Venegas
Stroke Unit, Department of Clinical Neurosciences and Hotchkiss Brain Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada.
Michael D
MD
Hill
Infection and Immunity Program, Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia.|Department of Microbiology, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia.|School of Science, Royal Melbourne Institute of Technology University, Bundoora, Victoria, Australia.
Robert J
0000-0002-0776-5861
RJ
Moore
Centre for Inflammatory Diseases, Department of Medicine, School of Clinical Sciences, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia.
Connie H Y
CH
Wong
D000319:Adrenergic beta-Antagonists / Q000494:pharmacology; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000818:Animals; D016470:Bacteremia / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism / Q000382:microbiology; D001424:Bacterial Infections / Q000276:immunology* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000382:microbiology; D018988:Bacterial Translocation / Q000276:immunology*; D000071997:Blood Culture; D019295:Computational Biology; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D013293:Enterococcus faecalis; D005260:Female; D000069196:Gastrointestinal Microbiome / Q000235:genetics*; D020397:Goblet Cells / Q000166:cytology / Q000378:metabolism; D016908:Gram-Positive Bacterial Infections / Q000276:immunology* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000382:microbiology; D059014:High-Throughput Nucleotide Sequencing; D006801:Humans; D020244:Infarction, Middle Cerebral Artery / Q000276:immunology; D007421:Intestine, Small / Q000166:cytology / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000382:microbiology; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D064307:Microbiota / Q000235:genetics; D008875:Middle Aged; D010539:Permeability / Q000187:drug effects; D018410:Pneumonia, Bacterial / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism / Q000382:microbiology; D012336:RNA, Ribosomal, 16S / Q000235:genetics*; D011943:Receptors, Adrenergic, beta / Q000378:metabolism; D017423:Sequence Analysis, RNA; D013047:Specific Pathogen-Free Organisms; D020521:Stroke / Q000276:immunology*; D014552:Urinary Tract Infections / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism / Q000382:microbiology; D062826:Zonula Occludens-1 Protein / Q000378:metabolism
D000319:Adrenergic beta-Antagonists; D012336:RNA, Ribosomal, 16S; D011943:Receptors, Adrenergic, beta; C569043:Tjp1 protein, mouse; D062826:Zonula Occludens-1 Protein
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