Cetylpyridinium chloride mouth rinses alleviate experimental gingivitis by inhibiting dental plaque maturation.
Oral rinses containing chemotherapeutic agents, such as cetylpyridinium chloride (CPC), can alleviate plaque-induced gingival infections, but how oral microbiota respond to these treatments in human population remains poorly understood. Via a double-blinded, randomised controlled trial of 91 subjects, the impact of CPC-containing oral rinses on supragingival plaque was investigated in experimental gingivitis, where the subjects, after a 21-day period of dental prophylaxis to achieve healthy gingivae, received either CPC rinses or water for 21 days. Within-subject temporal dynamics of plaque microbiota and symptoms of gingivitis were profiled via 16S ribosomal DNA gene pyrosequencing and assessment with the Mazza gingival index. Cetylpyridinium chloride conferred gingival benefits, as progression of gingival inflammation resulting from a lack of dental hygiene was significantly slower in the mouth rinse group than in the water group due to inhibition of 17 gingivitis-enriched bacterial genera. Tracking of plaque α and β diversity revealed that CPC treatment prevents acquisition of new taxa that would otherwise accumulate but maintains the original biodiversity of healthy plaques. Furthermore, CPC rinses reduced the size, local connectivity and microbiota-wide connectivity of the bacterial correlation network, particularly for nodes representing gingivitis-enriched taxa. The findings of this study provide mechanistic insights into the impact of oral rinses on the progression and maturation of dental plaque in the natural human population.
Department of Operative Dentistry and Endodontics, Guanghua School and Hospital of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.|Single-Cell Center and Shandong Key Laboratory of Energy Genetics, Qingdao Institute of Bioenergy and Bioprocess Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, China.
Fei
F
Teng
Department of Oral Care Clinical Operation, Procter & Gamble Mason Business Center, Cincinnati, USA.
Tao
T
He
Single-Cell Center and Shandong Key Laboratory of Energy Genetics, Qingdao Institute of Bioenergy and Bioprocess Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, China.|Sino-Danish Center for Education and Research, University of Chinese Academy of Science, Beijing, China.
Shi
S
Huang
Single-Cell Center and Shandong Key Laboratory of Energy Genetics, Qingdao Institute of Bioenergy and Bioprocess Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, China.
Cun-Pei
CP
Bo
Department of Stomatology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Beijing, China.
Zhen
Z
Li
Global Microbiology Capability Organization, Procter & Gamble Innovation Center, Beijing, China.
Jin-Lan
JL
Chang
Global Microbiology Capability Organization, Procter & Gamble International Operations SA Singapore Branch, Singapore 138547, Singapore.
Ji-Quan
JQ
Liu
Department of Oral Care Clinical Operation, Procter & Gamble Mason Business Center, Cincinnati, USA.
Duane
D
Charbonneau
Single-Cell Center and Shandong Key Laboratory of Energy Genetics, Qingdao Institute of Bioenergy and Bioprocess Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, China.
Jian
J
Xu
Global Microbiology Capability Organization, Procter & Gamble International Operations SA Singapore Branch, Singapore 138547, Singapore.
Rui
R
Li
Department of Operative Dentistry and Endodontics, Guanghua School and Hospital of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.
Jun-Qi
JQ
Ling
D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000891:Anti-Infective Agents, Local / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D002594:Cetylpyridinium / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D003773:Dental Plaque / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000382:microbiology; D003774:Dental Plaque Index; D004311:Double-Blind Method; D005260:Female; D005891:Gingivitis / Q000188:drug therapy*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009067:Mouthwashes / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D010512:Periodontal Index; D012336:RNA, Ribosomal, 16S; D055815:Young Adult
D000891:Anti-Infective Agents, Local; D009067:Mouthwashes; D012336:RNA, Ribosomal, 16S; D002594:Cetylpyridinium
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