Acetamiprid Accumulates in Different Amounts in Murine Brain Regions.
Neonicotinoids such as acetamiprid (ACE) belong to a new and widely used single class of pesticides. Neonicotinoids mimic the chemical structure of nicotine and share agonist activity with the nicotine acetylcholine receptor (nAchR). Neonicotinoids are widely considered to be safe in humans; however, they have recently been implicated in a number of human health disorders. A wide range of musculoskeletal and neuromuscular disorders associated with high doses of neonicotinoids administered to animals have also been reported. Consequently, we used a mouse model to investigate the response of the central nervous system to ACE treatment. Our results show that exposure to ACE-containing water for three or seven days (decuple and centuple of no observable adverse effect level (NOAEL)/day) caused a decrease in body weight in 10-week old A/JJmsSlc (A/J) mice. However, the treatments did not affect brain histology or expression of CD34. ACE concentrations were significantly higher in the midbrain of ACE-treated mice than that of the normal and vehicle groups. Expression levels of α7, α4, and β2 nAChRs were found to be low in the olfactory bulb and midbrain of normal mice. Furthermore, in the experimental group (centuple ACE-containing water for seven days), β2 nAChR expression decreased in many brain regions. Information regarding the amount of accumulated ACE and expression levels of the acetylcholine receptor in each region of the brain is important for understanding any clinical symptoms that may be associated with ACE exposure.
Department of Anatomy, Division of Basic Medicine, Tokai University School of Medicine, Kanagawa 259-1193, Japan. terahaya@tokai-u.jp.
Hayato
H
Terayama
Department of Community Health, Tokai University School of Medicine, Kanagawa 259-1193, Japan. h-endo@tokai-u.jp.
Hitoshi
H
Endo
Support Center for Medical Research and Education, Tokai University School of Medicine, Kanagawa 259-1193, Japan. HTsukamoto@tsc.u-tokai.ac.jp.
Hideo
H
Tsukamoto
Department of Anatomy, Division of Basic Medicine, Tokai University School of Medicine, Kanagawa 259-1193, Japan. smiles-and-tears.3ks@hotmail.co.jp.
Koichi
K
Matsumoto
Department of Anatomy, Division of Basic Medicine, Tokai University School of Medicine, Kanagawa 259-1193, Japan. 3bhn1127@mail.tokai-u.jp.
Mai
M
Umezu
Department of Anatomy, Division of Basic Medicine, Tokai University School of Medicine, Kanagawa 259-1193, Japan. book0822@gmail.com.
Teruhisa
T
Kanazawa
Support Center for Medical Research and Education, Tokai University School of Medicine, Kanagawa 259-1193, Japan. ito@tokai-u.jp.
Masatoshi
M
Ito
Support Center for Medical Research and Education, Tokai University School of Medicine, Kanagawa 259-1193, Japan. tadayuki@is.icc.u-tokai.ac.jp.
Tadayuki
T
Sato
Department of Anatomy, Aichi Medical University, Aichi 480-1195, Japan. munekazunaito@gmail.com.
Munekazu
M
Naito
Division of Oral and Craniofacial Anatomy, Graduate School of Dentistry, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8575, Japan. ksato21@dent.tohoku.ac.jp.
Satoshi
S
Kawakami
Department of Human Development, Tokai University School of Humanities and Culture, Kanagawa 259-1292, Japan. yfujino@keyaki.cc.u-tokai.ac.jp.
Yasuhiro
Y
Fujino
Department of Community Health, Tokai University School of Medicine, Kanagawa 259-1193, Japan. tatemichi@tokai-u.jp.
Masayuki
M
Tatemichi
Department of Anatomy, Division of Basic Medicine, Tokai University School of Medicine, Kanagawa 259-1193, Japan. sakabek@tokai-u.jp.
Kou
K
Sakabe
D000818:Animals; D018952:Antigens, CD34 / Q000378:metabolism; D001835:Body Weight / Q000187:drug effects; D001921:Brain / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism*; D020869:Gene Expression Profiling; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D007306:Insecticides / Q000378:metabolism / Q000493:pharmacokinetics / Q000494:pharmacology; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D000073943:Neonicotinoids; D011725:Pyridines / Q000378:metabolism / Q000493:pharmacokinetics* / Q000494:pharmacology*; D011978:Receptors, Nicotinic / Q000378:metabolism
D018952:Antigens, CD34; D007306:Insecticides; D000073943:Neonicotinoids; D011725:Pyridines; D011978:Receptors, Nicotinic; C464485:acetamiprid
acetamiprid; brain; concentration; mouse; neonicotinoid
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