The Prevalence and Specificity of Depression Diagnosis in a Clinic-Based Population of Adults With Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus.
To estimate the crude prevalence of minor depressive disorder (MinD) in a clinic-based population of adults with type 2 diabetes.



We screened a clinical sample of 702 adults with type 2 diabetes for depressive symptoms using the Patient Health Questionnaire-2 and performed a structured diagnostic psychiatric interview on 52 screen-positive and a convenience sample of 51 screen-negative individuals. Depressive disorder diagnoses were made using Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders IV (DSM-IV) Text Revised criteria and categorized as MinD, major depressive disorder (MDD), or no depressive disorder. We estimated prevalence of MinD and MDD and derived 95% CIs.



The crude prevalence of current, past, and current or past MinD was 4.3% (95% CI: 0.9-9.2%), 9.6% (95% CI: 3.9-15.9%), and 13.9% (95% CI: 7.7-21.2%), respectively. The crude prevalence of current, past, and current or past MDD was slightly higher-5.0% (95% CI: 1.9-9.4%), 12.0% (95% CI: 6.1-19.5%), and 17.0% (95% CI: 10.1-24.8%), respectively. There was a high prevalence of coexisting anxiety disorders in individuals with MinD (42.2%) and MDD (8.1%). Hemoglobin A1c levels were not significantly different in individuals with MinD or MDD compared to those without a depressive disorder.



MinD is comparably prevalent to MDD in patients with type 2 diabetes; both disorders are associated with concomitant anxiety disorders. MinD is not included in the DSM-5; however, our data support continuing to examine patients with chronic medical conditions for MinD.
Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD; Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD. Electronic address: sahill@jhmi.edu.
Sherita Hill
SH
Golden
Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD.
Nina
N
Shah
Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD.
Mohammad
M
Naqibuddin
Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD.
Jennifer L
JL
Payne
Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD.
Felicia
F
Hill-Briggs
Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD.
Gary S
GS
Wand
Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD; Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD; Department of Biostatistics, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD.
Nae-Yuh
NY
Wang
Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD.
Susan
S
Langan
Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD.
Constantine
C
Lyketsos
D001008:Anxiety Disorders / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000523:psychology; D015142:Baltimore / Q000453:epidemiology; D015897:Comorbidity; D003866:Depressive Disorder / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000523:psychology; D003924:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000523:psychology; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007406:Interview, Psychological; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D015995:Prevalence; D012720:Severity of Illness Index; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires
anxiety disorders; major depressive disorder; minor depression; type 2 diabetes mellitus
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