Association Between Conjunctival and Corneal Calcification and Atherosclerotic Changes in the Carotid Artery in Maintenance Hemodialysis Patients.
We aimed to investigate the association between atherosclerotic changes in the common carotid artery (CA) and conjunctival and corneal calcification (CCC) in maintenance hemodialysis (MHD) patients.



Fifty eyes of MHD patients with the highest CCC scores were enrolled. CCCs were scored according to the method described by Tokuyama et al. The eyes with the highest CCC scores were selected for further analysis. According to their CCC scores, the patients were classified into 3 groups: mild (0-2 score), moderate (3-5), and severe (6-10 score). Atherosclerosis of the common CA was evaluated by determination of intima-media thickness (IMT), peak systolic (PSV) and end diastolic (EDV) flow velocities, pulsatility index, and resistive index values by using Doppler ultrasonography.



The mean IMT of the CA was 0.61 ± 0.09 mm in the mild group, 0.82 ± 0.16 mm in the moderate group, and 1.21 ± 0.32 mm in the severe group (P < 0.001). The PSV and EDV were significantly higher in the severe group than in the mild and moderate groups (all, P < 0.001). The CCC score was positively correlated with the duration of hemodialysis, ocular surface disease index score, IMT, PSV, EDV, lymphocyte, calcium, and sedimentation rate. In multiple stepwise linear regression analysis, IMT was the best predictive factor for the CCC score (R = 0.812, β = 9.526 ± 1.05, and P < 0.001).



Our results suggest that chronic ocular ischemia due to atherosclerotic changes may have a role in the formation or progression of CCC in MHD patients.
Departments of *Ophthalmology; †Radiology; and ‡Nephrology, Dışkapi Yildirim Beyazit Training and Research Hospital, Ankara, Turkey.
Sinan
S
Çalışkan
Azad
A
Hekimoğlu
Osman
O
Çelikay
Tolga
T
Biçer
Başol
B
Canbakan
Mehmet D
MD
Aylı
Canan
C
Gürdal
D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D001018:Aortic Diseases; D050197:Atherosclerosis / Q000150:complications*; D002114:Calcinosis / Q000209:etiology*; D002340:Carotid Artery Diseases / Q000150:complications* / Q000473:pathology; D059168:Carotid Intima-Media Thickness; D003229:Conjunctival Diseases / Q000209:etiology* / Q000473:pathology; D003316:Corneal Diseases / Q000209:etiology* / Q000473:pathology; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007676:Kidney Failure, Chronic / Q000150:complications / Q000628:therapy; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D006435:Renal Dialysis / Q000009:adverse effects*; D055815:Young Adult