Evaluation of a battery of marine species-based bioassays against raw and treated municipal wastewaters.
The present study evaluates a battery of marine species-based bioassays against chemically characterized municipal wastewater samples (raw and WWTP treated). We estimated Dunaliella tertiolecta growth rate inhibition (24-96h IC50values), Artemia franciscana immobilization (24h LC50values), mussel hemocytes viability and lipid peroxidation enhancement (in terms of neutral red retention assay/NRRT and malondialdehyde/MDA content, respectively) in influent- and WWTP effluent-treated species. We found algal growth arrest and stimulation respectively, almost similar 24hLC50values in Artemia sp., and significantly higher adverse effects (in terms of NRRT and MDA levels) in influent-treated mussel hemocytes. Furthermore, the estimation of hatchability, yolk-sac larvae mortality (24-120hLC50) and spinal deformities (SD) in sea bream Sparus aurata showed slight variations over time, with the lowest LC50and SD50(representing spinal deformities at 50% of yolk-sac larvae) values to be observed in influent-treated larvae at 120h. Data interpretation (both chemical and biological) revealed that toxic endpoints, such as NRRT50, 96hIC50Dun, 120hLC50Sparus and 120hSD50Sparus, significantly related to WWTP removal efficiency and further mediated by the presence of dominant compounds, such as As and Cr, could be used for identifying main components of toxicity in wastewaters.
Section of Animal Biology, Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Patras, GR 26 500, Greece.
Kassiani
K
Harbi
Section of Animal Biology, Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Patras, GR 26 500, Greece.
Pavlos
P
Makridis
Laboratory of Biochemical Engineering and Environmental Technology, Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Patras, 1 Karatheodori St., University Campus, GR 26 500, Patras, Greece.
Christos
C
Koukoumis
Laboratory of Biochemical Engineering and Environmental Technology, Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Patras, 1 Karatheodori St., University Campus, GR 26 500, Patras, Greece.
Marina
M
Papadionysiou
Laboratory of Biochemical Engineering and Environmental Technology, Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Patras, 1 Karatheodori St., University Campus, GR 26 500, Patras, Greece.
Theodoros
T
Vgenis
Laboratory of Biochemical Engineering and Environmental Technology, Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Patras, 1 Karatheodori St., University Campus, GR 26 500, Patras, Greece.
Michael
M
Kornaros
Institute of Chemical Engineering Sciences, Foundation of Research & Technology Hellas (ICEHT/FORTH), 10 Stadiou St., Platani, GR 26 504, Patras, Greece.
Ioanna
I
Ntaikou
Section of Animal Biology, Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Patras, GR 26 500, Greece.
Sinos
S
Giokas
Section of Animal Biology, Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Patras, GR 26 500, Greece. Electronic address: sdailianis@upatras.gr.
Stefanos
S
Dailianis
D000818:Animals; D059001:Aquatic Organisms / Q000378:metabolism*; D001156:Artemia / Q000378:metabolism; D001681:Biological Assay / Q000379:methods*; D049872:Bivalvia / Q000378:metabolism; D000460:Chlorophyta / Q000378:metabolism; D006434:Hemocytes / Q000187:drug effects; D007814:Larva / Q000187:drug effects; D007928:Lethal Dose 50; D050356:Lipid Metabolism / Q000187:drug effects; D021541:Sea Bream; D014865:Waste Disposal, Fluid; D062065:Wastewater / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000633:toxicity*; D015017:Yolk Sac
D062065:Wastewater
Bioassays; Complex mixtures; Influent; Toxic endpoints; WWTP effluent