Green synthesis of palladium nanoparticles mediated by black tea leaves (Camellia sinensis) extract: Catalytic activity in the reduction of 4-nitrophenol and Suzuki-Miyaura coupling reaction under ligand-free conditions.
The present study was conducted to synthesize palladium nanoparticles (Pd NPs) through a facile and green route using non-toxic and renewable natural black tea leaves (Camellia sinensis) extract, as the reducing and stabilizing agent. The as-prepared Pd@B.tea NPs catalyst was characterized by UV-vis spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction (XRD), fourier transformed infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS). The Pd@B.tea NPs catalyst could be used as an efficient and heterogeneous catalyst for Suzuki coupling reactions between phenylboronic acid and a range of aryl halides (X=I, Br, Cl) and also the reduction of 4-nitrophenol (4-NP) using sodium borohydride in an environmental friendly medium. Excellent yields of products were obtained with a wide range of substrates and the catalyst was recycled 7 times without any significant loss of its catalytic activity.
Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Pharmaceutical Sciences Branch, Islamic Azad University (IAUPS), Tehran, Iran.
Sadaf
S
Lebaschi
Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Pharmaceutical Sciences Branch, Islamic Azad University (IAUPS), Tehran, Iran.
Malak
M
Hekmati
Department of Chemistry, Payame Noor University, Tehran, Iran. Electronic address: hojatveisi@yahoo.com.
Hojat
H
Veisi
D001894:Borohydrides / Q000737:chemistry; D001897:Boronic Acids / Q000737:chemistry; D028241:Camellia sinensis / Q000737:chemistry*; D002384:Catalysis; D055772:Green Chemistry Technology; D053768:Metal Nanoparticles / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000648:ultrastructure; D009596:Nitrophenols / Q000737:chemistry*; D010084:Oxidation-Reduction; D010165:Palladium / Q000737:chemistry*; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000737:chemistry; D018515:Plant Leaves / Q000737:chemistry*
D001894:Borohydrides; D001897:Boronic Acids; D009596:Nitrophenols; D010936:Plant Extracts; D010165:Palladium; C025364:sodium borohydride; C010686:benzeneboronic acid; C024836:4-nitrophenol
4-Nitrophenol; Black tea leaves (Camellia sinensis); Green chemistry; Palladium nanoparticles; Suzuki