Restoring Regulatory T Cells in Type 1 Diabetes.
Genetic and cellular studies of type 1 diabetes in patients and in the nonobese diabetic mouse model of type 1 diabetes point to an imbalance between effector T cells and regulatory T cells (Tregs) as a driver of the disease. The imbalance may arise as a consequence of genetically encoded defects in thymic deletion of islet antigen-specific T cells, induction of islet antigen-specific thymic Tregs, unfavorable tissue environment for peripheral Treg induction, and failure of islet antigen-specific Tregs to survive in the inflamed islets secondary to insufficient IL-2 signals. These understandings are the foundation for rationalized design of new therapeutic interventions to restore the balance by selectively targeting effector T cells and boosting Tregs.
Department of Surgery and UCSF Diabetes Center, University of California, 513 Parnassus HSE-520, Box 0780, San Francisco, CA, 94143, USA.
Allyson
A
Spence
Department of Surgery and UCSF Diabetes Center, University of California, 513 Parnassus HSE-520, Box 0780, San Francisco, CA, 94143, USA. Qizhi.tang@ucsf.edu.
Qizhi
Q
Tang
D000818:Animals; D003922:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1 / Q000276:immunology* / Q000628:therapy; D000939:Epitopes; D000949:Histocompatibility Antigens Class II / Q000276:immunology; D006801:Humans; D007108:Immune Tolerance; D007376:Interleukin-2 / Q000502:physiology / Q000627:therapeutic use; D007515:Islets of Langerhans / Q000276:immunology; D051379:Mice; D050378:T-Lymphocytes, Regulatory / Q000276:immunology*
D000939:Epitopes; D000949:Histocompatibility Antigens Class II; D007376:Interleukin-2
CTLA-4; IL-2; Nonobese diabetic (NOD) mice; Regulatory T cells (Tregs); Therapy; Type 1 diabetes
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