Esculentin-1a-Derived Peptides Promote Clearance of Pseudomonas aeruginosa Internalized in Bronchial Cells of Cystic Fibrosis Patients and Lung Cell Migration: Biochemical Properties and a Plausible Mode of Action.
Pseudomonas aeruginosa is the major microorganism colonizing the respiratory epithelium in cystic fibrosis (CF) sufferers. The widespread use of available antibiotics has drastically reduced their efficacy, and antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) are a promising alternative. Among them, the frog skin-derived AMPs, i.e., Esc(1-21) and its diastereomer, Esc(1-21)-1c, have recently shown potent activity against free-living and sessile forms of P. aeruginosa Importantly, this pathogen also escapes antibiotics treatment by invading airway epithelial cells. Here, we demonstrate that both AMPs kill Pseudomonas once internalized into bronchial cells which express either the functional or the ΔF508 mutant of the CF transmembrane conductance regulator. A higher efficacy is displayed by Esc(1-21)-1c (90% killing at 15 μM in 1 h). We also show the peptides' ability to stimulate migration of these cells and restore the induction of cell migration that is inhibited by Pseudomonas lipopolysaccharide when used at concentrations mimicking lung infection. This property of AMPs was not investigated before. Our findings suggest new therapeutics that not only eliminate bacteria but also can promote reepithelialization of the injured infected tissue. Confocal microscopy indicated that both peptides are intracellularly localized with a different distribution. Biochemical analyses highlighted that Esc(1-21)-1c is significantly more resistant than the all-l peptide to bacterial and human elastase, which is abundant in CF lungs. Besides proposing a plausible mechanism underlying the properties of the two AMPs, we discuss the data with regard to differences between them and suggest Esc(1-21)-1c as a candidate for the development of a new multifunctional drug against Pseudomonas respiratory infections.
Department of Biochemical Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy.
Floriana
F
Cappiello
Department of Biochemical Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy.
Antonio
A
Di Grazia
Department of Biological Chemistry, The Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel.
Li-Av
LA
Segev-Zarko
Department of Medical Biotechnology, University of Siena, Siena, Italy.
Silvia
S
Scali
U.O.C. Genetica Medica, Giannina Gaslini Institute, Genoa, Italy.
Loretta
L
Ferrera
U.O.C. Genetica Medica, Giannina Gaslini Institute, Genoa, Italy.
Luis
L
Galietta
Department of Medical Biotechnology, University of Siena, Siena, Italy.
Alessandro
A
Pini
Department of Biological Chemistry, The Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel.
Yechiel
Y
Shai
Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA.
Y Peter
YP
Di
Department of Biochemical Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy marialuisa.mangoni@uniroma1.it.
Maria Luisa
ML
Mangoni
D029845:Amphibian Proteins / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology*; D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology*; D023181:Antimicrobial Cationic Peptides / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology*; D002465:Cell Movement / Q000187:drug effects; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D003550:Cystic Fibrosis / Q000382:microbiology; D019005:Cystic Fibrosis Transmembrane Conductance Regulator / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D004847:Epithelial Cells / Q000187:drug effects / Q000382:microbiology; D006801:Humans; D008070:Lipopolysaccharides; D018613:Microscopy, Confocal; D011552:Pseudomonas Infections / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000382:microbiology; D011550:Pseudomonas aeruginosa / Q000187:drug effects*; D020545:Respiratory Mucosa / Q000382:microbiology*
D029845:Amphibian Proteins; D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents; D023181:Antimicrobial Cationic Peptides; D008070:Lipopolysaccharides; C092874:esculentin protein, Rana esculenta; D019005:Cystic Fibrosis Transmembrane Conductance Regulator
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