Can psychiatric childhood disorders be due to inborn errors of metabolism?
Many patients who visit a centre for hereditary metabolic diseases remarkably also suffer from a child psychiatric disorder. Those child psychiatric disorders may be the first sign or manifestation of an underlying metabolic disorder. Lack of knowledge of metabolic disorders in child psychiatry may lead to diagnoses being missed. Patients therefore are also at risk for not accessing efficacious treatment and proper counselling. To search the literature for the co-occurrence of child psychiatric disorders, such as ADHD, autism, psychosis, learning disorders and eating disorders and metabolic disorders. A search of the literature was conducted by performing a broad search on PubMed, using the terms "ADHD and metabolic disorders", "autism and metabolic disorders", "psychosis and metabolic disorders", "learning disorders and metabolic disorders", and "eating disorders and metabolic disorders". Based on inclusion criteria (concerning a clear psychiatric disorder and concerning a metabolic disorder) 4441 titles and 249 abstracts were screened and resulted in 71 relevant articles. This thorough literature search provides child and adolescent psychiatrists with an overview of metabolic disorders associated with child psychiatric symptoms, their main characteristics and recommendations for further investigations.
Centre of Heriditary Metabolic Diseases Antwerp (CEMA), University Hospital of Antwerp (UZA), Wilrijkstraat, 2650, Edegem, Belgium. annik.simons@zna.be.|Collaborative Antwerp Psychiatric Research Institute (CAPRI) Youth, Antwerp, Belgium. annik.simons@zna.be.|University Child and Adolescent Psychiatry Antwerp, Lindendreef 1, 2020, Antwerp, Belgium. annik.simons@zna.be.
A
A
Simons
Centre of Heriditary Metabolic Diseases Antwerp (CEMA), University Hospital of Antwerp (UZA), Wilrijkstraat, 2650, Edegem, Belgium.
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F
Eyskens
Collaborative Antwerp Psychiatric Research Institute (CAPRI) Youth, Antwerp, Belgium.|University Child and Adolescent Psychiatry Antwerp, Lindendreef 1, 2020, Antwerp, Belgium.|University of Antwerp (CAPRI), Universiteitsplein 1, 2610, Wilrijk, Belgium.
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I
Glazemakers
Collaborative Antwerp Psychiatric Research Institute (CAPRI) Youth, Antwerp, Belgium.|University of Brussels, Brussels, Belgium.|University Child and Adolescent Psychiatry Antwerp, Lindendreef 1, 2020, Antwerp, Belgium.|University of Antwerp (CAPRI), Universiteitsplein 1, 2610, Wilrijk, Belgium.
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D
van West
D000293:Adolescent; D001289:Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000209:etiology / Q000523:psychology; D002648:Child; D015897:Comorbidity; D001068:Feeding and Eating Disorders / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000209:etiology / Q000523:psychology; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007859:Learning Disabilities / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000209:etiology / Q000523:psychology; D008297:Male; D001523:Mental Disorders / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000209:etiology / Q000523:psychology; D008661:Metabolism, Inborn Errors / Q000150:complications / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000523:psychology; D011618:Psychotic Disorders / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000209:etiology / Q000523:psychology
ADHD; ASD; Child psychiatric disorder; Eating disorder; Learning disorder; Metabolic disorders; Psychosis
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