Nano-Cesium for Anti-Cancer Properties: An Investigation into Cesium Induced Metabolic Interference.
The use of cesium chloride (CsCl) for cancer therapy ("high pH therapy") has been theorized to produce anticancer properties by raising intracellular pH to induce apoptosis. Although considered as "alternative medicine", little scientific evidence supports this theory. Alternatively, cells have no cesium ion (Cs+) mediated channels for clearance. Thus, such unstable electrochemical distributions have the severe potential to disrupt electrochemical dependent cellular processes, such as glucose cotransporters. Hence, a detailed investigation of pH changing effects and glucose uptake inhibition are warranted as a possible cesium-induced anticancer therapy. We developed and characterized cesium nanoparticles (38 ± 6 nm), termed NanoCs, for nanoparticle-mediated internalization of the ion, and compared its treatment to free CsCl. Our investigations suggest that neither NanoCs nor CsCl drastically changed the intracellular pH, negating the theory. Alternatively, NanoCs lead to a significant decrease in glucose uptake when compared to free CsCl, suggesting cesium inhibited glucose uptake. An apoptosis assay of observed cell death affirms that NanoCs leads tumor cells to initiate apoptosis rather than follow necrotic behavior. Furthermore, NanoCs lead to in vivo tumor regression, where H&E analysis confirmed apoptotic cell populations. Thus, NanoCs performed pH-independent anticancer therapy by inducing metabolic stasis.
Department of Bioengineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign , Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States.|Biomedical Research Center, Carle Foundation Hospital , Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States.
Enrique A
EA
Daza
Department of Bioengineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign , Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States.|Biomedical Research Center, Carle Foundation Hospital , Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States.
Santosh K
SK
Misra
Department of Bioengineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign , Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States.|Biomedical Research Center, Carle Foundation Hospital , Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States.
Aaron S
AS
Schwartz-Duval
Department of Bioengineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign , Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States.|Biomedical Research Center, Carle Foundation Hospital , Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States.
Ayako
A
Ohoka
Biomedical Research Center, Carle Foundation Hospital , Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States.
Callie
C
Miller
Department of Bioengineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign , Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States.|Biomedical Research Center, Carle Foundation Hospital , Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States.|Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign , Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States.|Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign , Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States.
Dipanjan
D
Pan
cancer therapy; cesium; cesium therapy; metabolic therapy; nano particles; pH therapy