title: Pulse and Surge Profiles of Luteinizing Hormone Secretion in the Mouse.
abstract: Using a new tail-tip bleeding procedure and a sensitive ELISA, we describe here the patterns of LH secretion throughout the mouse estrous cycle; in ovariectomized mice; in ovariectomized, estradiol-treated mice that model estrogen-negative and -positive feedback; and in transgenic GNR23 mice that exhibit allele-dependent reductions in GnRH neuron number. Pulsatile LH secretion was evident at all stages of the estrous cycle, with LH pulse frequency being approximately one pulse per hour in metestrous, diestrous, and proestrous mice but much less frequent at estrus (less than one pulse per 4 h). Ovariectomy resulted in substantial increases in basal and pulsatile LH secretion with pulses occurring approximately every 21 minutes. Chronic treatment with negative-feedback, estradiol-filled capsules returned LH pulse frequency to intact follicular phase levels, although pulse amplitude remained elevated. On the afternoon of proestrus, the LH surge was found to begin in a highly variable manner over a 4-hour range, lasting for more than 3 hours. In contrast, ovariectomized, estradiol-treated, positive-feedback mice exhibited a relatively uniform surge onset at approximately 0.5 hour prior to lights out. Gonadectomized wild-type and heterozygous GNR23 (∼200 GnRH neurons) male mice exhibited an LH pulse every 60 minutes. Homozygous GNR23 mice (∼80 GnRH neurons) had very low basal LH concentrations but continued to exhibit small amplitude LH pulses every 90 minutes. These studies provide the first characterization in mice of pulse and surge modes of LH secretion across the estrous cycle and demonstrate that very few GnRH neurons are required for pulsatile LH secretion.
authors.affiliation: Centre for Neuroendocrinology and Department of Physiology (K.C., M.P., R.P., P.C., J.C., R.E.C., A.E.H.), Biomedical Sciences, University of Otago, Dunedin 9054, New Zealand; and School of Biomedical Sciences and University of Queensland Centre for Clinical Research (F.J.S.), University of Queensland, Queensland 4072, Australia.
authors.forename: Katja
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Czieselsky
authors.affiliation: Centre for Neuroendocrinology and Department of Physiology (K.C., M.P., R.P., P.C., J.C., R.E.C., A.E.H.), Biomedical Sciences, University of Otago, Dunedin 9054, New Zealand; and School of Biomedical Sciences and University of Queensland Centre for Clinical Research (F.J.S.), University of Queensland, Queensland 4072, Australia.
authors.forename: Mel
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Prescott
authors.affiliation: Centre for Neuroendocrinology and Department of Physiology (K.C., M.P., R.P., P.C., J.C., R.E.C., A.E.H.), Biomedical Sciences, University of Otago, Dunedin 9054, New Zealand; and School of Biomedical Sciences and University of Queensland Centre for Clinical Research (F.J.S.), University of Queensland, Queensland 4072, Australia.
authors.forename: Robert
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Porteous
authors.affiliation: Centre for Neuroendocrinology and Department of Physiology (K.C., M.P., R.P., P.C., J.C., R.E.C., A.E.H.), Biomedical Sciences, University of Otago, Dunedin 9054, New Zealand; and School of Biomedical Sciences and University of Queensland Centre for Clinical Research (F.J.S.), University of Queensland, Queensland 4072, Australia.
authors.forename: Pauline
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Campos
authors.affiliation: Centre for Neuroendocrinology and Department of Physiology (K.C., M.P., R.P., P.C., J.C., R.E.C., A.E.H.), Biomedical Sciences, University of Otago, Dunedin 9054, New Zealand; and School of Biomedical Sciences and University of Queensland Centre for Clinical Research (F.J.S.), University of Queensland, Queensland 4072, Australia.
authors.forename: Jenny
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Clarkson
authors.affiliation: Centre for Neuroendocrinology and Department of Physiology (K.C., M.P., R.P., P.C., J.C., R.E.C., A.E.H.), Biomedical Sciences, University of Otago, Dunedin 9054, New Zealand; and School of Biomedical Sciences and University of Queensland Centre for Clinical Research (F.J.S.), University of Queensland, Queensland 4072, Australia.
authors.forename: Frederik J
authors.initials: FJ
authors.lastname: Steyn
authors.affiliation: Centre for Neuroendocrinology and Department of Physiology (K.C., M.P., R.P., P.C., J.C., R.E.C., A.E.H.), Biomedical Sciences, University of Otago, Dunedin 9054, New Zealand; and School of Biomedical Sciences and University of Queensland Centre for Clinical Research (F.J.S.), University of Queensland, Queensland 4072, Australia.
authors.forename: Rebecca E
authors.initials: RE
authors.lastname: Campbell
authors.affiliation: Centre for Neuroendocrinology and Department of Physiology (K.C., M.P., R.P., P.C., J.C., R.E.C., A.E.H.), Biomedical Sciences, University of Otago, Dunedin 9054, New Zealand; and School of Biomedical Sciences and University of Queensland Centre for Clinical Research (F.J.S.), University of Queensland, Queensland 4072, Australia.
authors.forename: Allan E
authors.initials: AE
authors.lastname: Herbison
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D004797:Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay; D004958:Estradiol / Q000494:pharmacology; D030762:Estrous Cycle / Q000378:metabolism; D025461:Feedback, Physiological / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology*; D005260:Female; D007987:Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone / Q000378:metabolism*; D007031:Hypothalamus / Q000166:cytology / Q000378:metabolism; D007986:Luteinizing Hormone / Q000378:metabolism*; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D008822:Mice, Transgenic; D009474:Neurons / Q000166:cytology / Q000378:metabolism*; D010052:Ovariectomy
chemical_list: D007987:Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone; D004958:Estradiol; D007986:Luteinizing Hormone