title: DRUG RESISTANCE IN HELICOBACTER PYLORI.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Helicobacter pylori has a worldwide distribution and is associated with the pathogenesis of various diseases of the digestive system. Treatment to eradicate this microorganism involves the use of a combination of antimicrobials, such as amoxicillin, metronidazole, clarithromycin, and levofloxacin, combined with proton pump inhibitors. Although the current therapy is effective, a high rate of treatment failure has been observed, mainly because of the acquisition of point mutations, one of the major resistance mechanisms developed by H. pylori. This phenomenon is related to frequent and/or inappropriate use of antibiotics.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This review reported an overview of the resistance to the main drugs used in the treatment of H. pylori, confirming the hypothesis that antibacterial resistance is a highly local phenomenon and genetic characteristics of a given population can influence which therapy is the most appropriate.
authors.affiliation: Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biotecnologia, Universidade Federal de Pelotas, RS, Brasil.|Núcleo de Pesquisas em Microbiologia Médica, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande, RS, Brasil.
authors.forename: Júlia Silveira
authors.initials: JS
authors.lastname: Vianna
authors.affiliation: Núcleo de Pesquisas em Microbiologia Médica, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande, RS, Brasil.
authors.forename: Ivy Bastos
authors.initials: IB
authors.lastname: Ramis
authors.affiliation: Núcleo de Pesquisas em Microbiologia Médica, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande, RS, Brasil.
authors.forename: Daniela Fernandes
authors.initials: DF
authors.lastname: Ramos
authors.affiliation: Núcleo de Pesquisas em Microbiologia Médica, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande, RS, Brasil.
authors.forename: Andrea
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: VON Groll
authors.affiliation: Núcleo de Pesquisas em Microbiologia Médica, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande, RS, Brasil.
authors.forename: Pedro Eduardo Almeida da
authors.initials: PE
authors.lastname: Silva
mesh_terms: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000494:pharmacology*; D024901:Drug Resistance, Multiple, Bacterial; D004359:Drug Therapy, Combination; D005260:Female; D016481:Helicobacter Infections / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000382:microbiology*; D016480:Helicobacter pylori / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000235:genetics; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D017354:Point Mutation
chemical_list: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents