title: Clinical characteristics of drug-induced liver injury and related risk factors.
abstract: Drug-induced liver injury (DILI) is often undiagnosed or misdiagnosed clinically because of diagnostic difficulties caused by lack of laboratory-specific serological markers. In this study, we comprehensively assessed the clinical characteristics, laboratory indices, hepatotoxic drugs, risk factors and outcomes concerning DILI, and explored the similarities in mechanisms between Chinese and Western drug-induced DILI. Patients with a first diagnosis of DILI and a Roussel Uclaf Causality Assessment Method (RUCAM) score >3 points were enrolled for systematic retrospective study. Their clinical characteristics, clinical classification, risk factors, laboratory indices, hepatotoxic drugs and outcomes were analyzed. Cholestatic patients had the highest alkaline phosphatase (ALP) and prothrombin time activity (PTA) levels (P<0.05). Patients with medication time ≥30 days had significantly higher positive rate of autoantibodies than those with medication time <30 days. Odds ratio values for DILI-related factors such as hepatobiliary diseases, immune dysfunction, diabetes, hypertension, chronic alcohol consumption and age ≥45 years were 6.552, 6.130, 3.774, 2.801, 2.002 and 1.838, respectively. Pathogeneses of Chinese and Western drug-induced DILI may be substantially the same. DILI accompanied with autoantibody positivity may indicate severe liver injury outcome. Hepatobiliary diseases, diabetes and hypertension are likely to increase drug susceptibility, and more prone to cause liver injury.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacy, The Third People's Hospital of Changzhou, Changzhou, Jiangsu 213000, P.R. China.
authors.forename: Ren-Jie
authors.initials: RJ
authors.lastname: Lu
authors.affiliation: Department of Digestive Diseases, The Third People's Hospital of Changzhou, Changzhou, Jiangsu 213000, P.R. China.
authors.forename: Yan
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacy, The Third People's Hospital of Changzhou, Changzhou, Jiangsu 213000, P.R. China.
authors.forename: Feng-Lei
authors.initials: FL
authors.lastname: Tang
authors.affiliation: Department of Digestive Diseases, The Third People's Hospital of Changzhou, Changzhou, Jiangsu 213000, P.R. China.
authors.forename: Zhong-Wei
authors.initials: ZW
authors.lastname: Zheng
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacy, The Third People's Hospital of Changzhou, Changzhou, Jiangsu 213000, P.R. China.
authors.forename: Zheng-Da
authors.initials: ZD
authors.lastname: Fan
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacy, The Third People's Hospital of Changzhou, Changzhou, Jiangsu 213000, P.R. China.
authors.forename: Shan-Mei
authors.initials: SM
authors.lastname: Zhu
authors.affiliation: Department of Digestive Diseases, The Third People's Hospital of Changzhou, Changzhou, Jiangsu 213000, P.R. China.
authors.forename: Xian-Feng
authors.initials: XF
authors.lastname: Qian
authors.affiliation: Department of Digestive Diseases, The Third People's Hospital of Changzhou, Changzhou, Jiangsu 213000, P.R. China.
authors.forename: Na-Na
authors.initials: NN
authors.lastname: Liu
keywords: clinical feature; drug-induced liver injury; pathogenesis; risk factor