title: Low carbohydrate diet is associated with reduced risk of metabolic syndrome in Tehranian adults.
abstract: This cohort study was conducted to examine the association of low carbohydrate diet (LCD) score with risk of incident metabolic syndrome (MetS) and its components after 3.6 years of follow-up in 2044 healthy adults within framework of the Tehran Lipid and Glucose Study. The LCD was calculated according to intakes of carbohydrate, monounsaturated fatty acids, refined grains, vegetable protein, fiber, n3/n6 polyunsaturated fatty acids ratio and glycemic load (GL), using a food frequency questionnaire at baseline. In the final model, after adjustment for age, gender, smoking status, physical activity and energy intake, there was significant association between LCD score and fasting plasma glucose (β: -0.002, 95%CI: -0.005, -0.001), triglycerides (TGs) (β: -0.002, 95%CI: -0.004, -0.001), BP (β: -0.001, 95%CI: -0.002, 0.000), WC-BMI (β: -0.003, 95%CI: -0.005, -0.001) and MetS risk Z-scores (β: -0.015, 95%CI: -0.021, -0.002). In conclusion, LCD may be associated with a decreased risk of MetS and its components in adults.
authors.affiliation: a Nutrition and Endocrine Research Center , Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences , Tehran , Iran.
authors.forename: Parvin
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Mirmiran
authors.affiliation: a Nutrition and Endocrine Research Center , Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences , Tehran , Iran.
authors.forename: Golaleh
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Asghari
authors.affiliation: a Nutrition and Endocrine Research Center , Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences , Tehran , Iran.
authors.forename: Hossein
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Farhadnejad
authors.affiliation: b Students' Research Committee, Faculty of Nutrition Sciences and Food Technology , Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences , Tehran , Iran.
authors.forename: Ghazaleh
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Eslamian
authors.affiliation: a Nutrition and Endocrine Research Center , Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences , Tehran , Iran.
authors.forename: Firoozeh
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Hosseini-Esfahani
authors.affiliation: c Endocrine Research Center , Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences , Tehran , Iran.
authors.forename: Fereidoun
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Azizi
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001786:Blood Glucose / Q000378:metabolism; D001794:Blood Pressure; D015992:Body Mass Index; D008076:Cholesterol, HDL / Q000097:blood; D008078:Cholesterol, LDL / Q000097:blood; D015331:Cohort Studies; D050528:Diet, Carbohydrate-Restricted; D004041:Dietary Fats / Q000008:administration & dosage; D004043:Dietary Fiber / Q000008:administration & dosage; D004044:Dietary Proteins / Q000008:administration & dosage; D015444:Exercise; D015525:Fatty Acids, Omega-3 / Q000008:administration & dosage; D043371:Fatty Acids, Omega-6 / Q000008:administration & dosage; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D000067940:Glycemic Load; D006801:Humans; D007492:Iran; D016014:Linear Models; D008297:Male; D024821:Metabolic Syndrome / Q000097:blood / Q000517:prevention & control*; D008875:Middle Aged; D015596:Nutrition Assessment; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012307:Risk Factors; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D014280:Triglycerides / Q000097:blood; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D001786:Blood Glucose; D008076:Cholesterol, HDL; D008078:Cholesterol, LDL; D004041:Dietary Fats; D004043:Dietary Fiber; D004044:Dietary Proteins; D015525:Fatty Acids, Omega-3; D043371:Fatty Acids, Omega-6; D014280:Triglycerides
keywords: Low carbohydrate diet; adults; metabolic syndrome