title: Cytomorphologic and Immunophenotypic Profile of a Cohort of Small Cell Carcinoma of the Urinary Bladder.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The incidence of primary small cell carcinoma (SCC) of the urinary bladder is extremely rare. We sought to analyze the cytologic and immunophenotypic features of SCC of the urinary bladder in urine and reassert the importance of cytologic examination of urine specimens for diagnosis of this tumor.
  
  
  METHODS
  We studied the clinical and cytomorphologic features in the presurgical urine specimens (4 voided urine and 2 bladder-washing specimens) of histopathologically and immunohistochemically proven cases of SCC of the urinary bladder.
  
  
  RESULTS
  There were 6 cases, all males, with an age range of 61-81 years. On cytologic and histopathologic examination, typical SCC morphology was present in all cases. On immunohistochemistry, synaptophysin and CD56 were positive in all 6 cases, while chromogranin was positive in only 3. The Ki-67 labeling index ranged from 30 to 100%.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  SCC should be kept in the differential diagnosis, when high-grade urothelial carcinoma is suspected in a urine cytology specimen, as this distinction has important therapeutic and prognostic implications. Therefore, a careful observation and, if required, the use of an appropriate immunocytochemical panel on the presurgical urine specimens can lead to a correct diagnosis.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Kalinga Hospital, Bhubaneswar, India.
authors.forename: Anurag
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Sharma
authors.forename: Shivani
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Sharma
authors.forename: Niharika
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Patnaik
authors.forename: Dinesh
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Pradhan
authors.forename: Kaliprasad
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Satapathy
authors.forename: Manas R
authors.initials: MR
authors.lastname: Pradhan
authors.forename: Sambit K
authors.initials: SK
authors.lastname: Mohanty
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D019002:CD56 Antigen / Q000378:metabolism; D018288:Carcinoma, Small Cell / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology*; D003581:Cytodiagnosis / Q000379:methods; D003937:Diagnosis, Differential; D006801:Humans; D007150:Immunohistochemistry / Q000379:methods; D016130:Immunophenotyping / Q000379:methods; D019394:Ki-67 Antigen / Q000378:metabolism; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011379:Prognosis; D016708:Synaptophysin / Q000378:metabolism; D001743:Urinary Bladder / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology*; D001749:Urinary Bladder Neoplasms / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology*
chemical_list: D019002:CD56 Antigen; D019394:Ki-67 Antigen; D016708:Synaptophysin