title: Comparison by multilocus variable-number tandem repeat analysis and antimicrobial resistance among atypical enteropathogenic Escherichia coli strains isolated from food samples and human and animal faecal specimens.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  This study assessed whether multilocus variable-number tandem repeat analysis (MLVA) and antimicrobial susceptibility testing discriminated diarrhoeagenic atypical enteropathogenic Escherichia coli (aEPEC) from aEPEC indigenous to domestic animals or healthy people.
  
  
  RESULTS
  MLVA genotyping of 142 aEPEC strains isolated from foods and faecal samples of domestic animals and humans revealed 126 distinct MLVA profiles that distributed to four clusters, yielding a Simpson's index of diversity (D) of 99·8%. Cluster 2 included 87% of cattle isolates and 67% of patient isolates. The plurality (15/34, 44%) of strains from healthy humans mapped to Cluster 1, while half (18/41, 44%) of the swine strains belonged to Cluster 4. Testing for antimicrobial susceptibility revealed that 52 strains (37%) of aEPEC were resistant to one or more agents; only 10 strains (7%) exhibited resistance to more than three agents. Strains isolated from swine or food exhibited a wider variety of resistance phenotypes than bovine or human strains.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  MLVA assigned the aEPEC isolates from cattle and patients to Cluster 2, distinct from aEPEC from other sources. Hog yards may be a larger source of drug-resistant strains than are cattle ranches.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  MLVA suggests that human diarrhoeagenic aEPEC are derived from cattle and are distinct from strains carried by healthy people and other animals. Cattle appear to be reservoirs of human diarrhoeagenic aEPEC.
authors.affiliation: School of Life Science and Biotechnology, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, China.|Graduate School of Human Life Science, Osaka City University, Osaka, Japan.
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: Department of Microbiology, Osaka City Institute of Public Health and Environmental Sciences, Osaka, Japan.
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Nakamura
authors.affiliation: Graduate School of Human Life Science, Osaka City University, Osaka, Japan.|The OCU Advanced Research Institute for Natural Science and Technology, Osaka City University, Graduate School of Human Life Science, Osaka, Japan.
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Kage-Nakadai
authors.affiliation: Division of Microbiology, National Institute of Health Sciences, Tokyo, Japan.
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Hara-Kudo
authors.affiliation: Graduate School of Human Life Science, Osaka City University, Osaka, Japan.
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Nishikawa
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents / Q000494:pharmacology*; D002417:Cattle; D024881:Drug Resistance, Bacterial; D054308:Enteropathogenic Escherichia coli / Q000145:classification / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000235:genetics / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D004927:Escherichia coli Infections / Q000382:microbiology* / Q000662:veterinary*; D029968:Escherichia coli Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D005243:Feces / Q000382:microbiology*; D005516:Food Microbiology; D005838:Genotype; D006801:Humans; D018598:Minisatellite Repeats; D013552:Swine
chemical_list: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents; D029968:Escherichia coli Proteins
keywords: 
  Escherichia coli
  ; antibiotics; food safety; genotyping; molecular epidemiology