title: Minimal Invasive Management of Lymph Nodes.
abstract: Penile cancer is a rare genitourinary malignancy. Lymph node involvement is the single most important factor determining survival in these patients, and those patients with occult disease are difficult to identify on conventional cross-sectional imaging. Until recently, lymph node sampling (eg, lymphadenectomy) has been the diagnostic modality of choice in the detection of micrometastasis. More recently, several novel molecular and minimally invasive diagnostic techniques have been developed, which have been demonstrated to decrease the false-negative and -positive results of conventional imaging and lymphadenectomy. This article focuses on the minimally invasive management of lymph nodes in men with penile cancer.
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, Netherlands Cancer Institute, Plesmanlaan 121, Amsterdam 1066CX, The Netherlands. Electronic address: s.horenblas@nki.nl.
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Horenblas
authors.affiliation: University College Hospital, London, UK.
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Minhas
mesh_terms: D006801:Humans; D008197:Lymph Node Excision / Q000379:methods*; D008198:Lymph Nodes / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery*; D008207:Lymphatic Metastasis; D008297:Male; D019060:Minimally Invasive Surgical Procedures / Q000379:methods*; D061206:Neoplasm Micrometastasis; D010412:Penile Neoplasms / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000556:secondary* / Q000601:surgery
keywords: Lymph nodes; Metastasis; Sentinel node; Staging