title: [Objective and subjective requirement of aids and appliances in patients with neurogenic lower urinary tract dysfunction : Multicenter study to determinate the daily necessity of urological aids and appliances].
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The provision of urological appliances for patients with neurogenic lower urinary tract dysfunction (NLUTD) is essential. Hitherto existing standard guidelines for the estimation of monthly material requirements are based solely on estimates.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  The goal of this work was to define the objective and subsequently subjective requirements for urological appliances on a scientifically validated basis.
  
  
  METHODS
  Data concerning bladder management and daily consumption of urological appliances for patients with NLUTD were collected through a standardized survey at six different centers in Germany during the period of October to December 2014 and statistically evaluated.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In all, 767 patient records were analyzed: 543 men and 221 woman (N/A = 3). The daily disposable catheter consumption of 577 patients who exclusively used intermittent catheterization was 5.13. Patients who used other means of bladder emptying (n = 31) in addition to catheterization consumed on average 3.17 catheters. The margin of deviation was larger for children. Of the 608 patients with intermittent catheterization, 94 (15.5 %) required additional paddings as absorbent aids (on average 2.29 paddings per day), 34 patients (5.6 %) additionally used pants (2.55 per day) and 46 patients (7.6 %) utilized condom catheters (3.81 per day) between catheterization. Among all surveyed patients, 126 (16.4 %) used paddings (5.03 per day) and 51 patients (6.6 %) pants (3.03 per day). Of all male respondents 82 (15.1 %) used condom catheters (2.80 urinary sheaths per day).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Applying twice the standard deviation of the mean as a measure of assessing the objective requirement of urological appliances and aids for adult patients with NLUTD allows the following daily thresholds to be defined: 1-9 disposable catheters, 0-7 urinary sheaths, 1-9 paddings and 0-7 pants. These thresholds can serve as a basis for estimating the subjective need. They allow for a scientifically validated benchmark for an economically feasible and patient-tailored supply with urological aids and appliances. Individually required appliances and aids have to be recognized. Verifiable quality standards need to be developed.
authors.affiliation: Neurologisches Rehabilitationszentrum und Querschnittgelähmtenzentrum, BDH-Klinik Greifswald GmbH, Karl-Liebknecht-Ring 26a, 17491, Greifswald, Deutschland.
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Bremer
authors.affiliation: Abt. Neuro-Urologie, Querschnittgelähmtenzentrum, BG-Klinikum Hamburg, Bergedorfer Str. 10, 21033, Hamburg, Deutschland. r.boethig@bgk-hamburg.de.
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Böthig
authors.affiliation: Neurologische Rehabilitationsklinik, Neuro-Urologisches Zentrum, Kliniken Beelitz GmbH, Paracelsusring 6a, 14547, Beelitz-Heilstätten, Deutschland.
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Domurath
authors.affiliation: Abteilung für Neuro-Urologie, Werner Wicker KG, Im Kreuzfeld 4, 34537, Bad Wildungen-Reinhardshausen, Deutschland.
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Kutzenberger
authors.affiliation: Zentrum für Kontinenz und Neuro-Urologie, Kliniken Maria Hilf GmbH, Viersener Straße 450, 41063, Mönchengladbach, Deutschland.
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Kaufmann
authors.affiliation: Klinik für Urologie und Neuro-Urologie, Unfallkrankenhaus Berlin, Warener Str. 7, 12683, Berlin, Deutschland.
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Pretzer
authors.affiliation: Urologie, BG Klinikum Duisburg, Großenbaumer Allee 250, 47249, Duisburg, Deutschland.
authors.forename: J P
authors.initials: JP
authors.lastname: Klask
authors.affiliation: Manfred-Sauer-Stiftung, Neurott 20, 74931, Lobbach, Deutschland.
authors.forename: V
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Geng
authors.affiliation: Neurologische Rehabilitationsklinik, Neuro-Urologisches Zentrum, Kliniken Beelitz GmbH, Paracelsusring 6a, 14547, Beelitz-Heilstätten, Deutschland.
authors.forename: W
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Vance
authors.affiliation: Querschnittgelähmten-Zentrum, Klinik für Paraplegiologie und Neuro-Urologie, Zentralklinik Bad Berka GmbH, Robert-Koch-Allee 9, 99437, Bad Berka, Deutschland.
authors.forename: I
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Kurze
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D017677:Age Distribution; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D004209:Disposable Equipment / Q000145:classification / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D005260:Female; D005858:Germany / Q000453:epidemiology; D006801:Humans; D059411:Lower Urinary Tract Symptoms / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000534:rehabilitation*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D020380:Needs Assessment; D057240:Patient Preference / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D017678:Sex Distribution; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D001750:Urinary Bladder, Neurogenic / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000534:rehabilitation*; D062885:Urinary Catheters / Q000145:classification / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D014600:Utilization Review; D055815:Young Adult
keywords: Aids and appliances; Incontinence; Medical supply research; Urinary bladder management; Urinary catheters, disposable