title: Resting-state brain alteration after a single dose of SSRI administration predicts 8-week remission of patients with major depressive disorder.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The present study investigated alteration of brain resting-state activity induced by antidepressant treatment and attempted to investigate whether treatment efficacy can be predicted at an early stage of pharmacological treatment.
  
  
  METHODS
  Forty-eight first-episode medication-free patients diagnosed with major depression received treatment with escitalopram. Resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging was administered prior to treatment, 5 h after the first dose, during the course of pharmacological treatment (week 4) and at endpoint (week 8). Resting-state activity was evaluated in the course of the 8-week treatment and in relation to clinical improvement.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Escitalopram dynamically modified resting-state activity in depression during the treatment. After 5 h the antidepressant induced a significant decrease in the signal in the occipital cortex and an increase in the dorsolateral and dorsomedial prefrontal cortices and middle cingulate cortex. Furthermore, while remitters demonstrated more obvious changes following treatment, these were more modest in non-responders suggesting possible tonic and dynamic differences in the serotonergic system. Changes after 5 h in the caudate, occipital and temporal cortices were the best predictor of clinical remission at endpoint.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This study revealed the possibility of using the measurement of resting-state neural changes a few hours after acute administration of antidepressant to identify individuals likely to remit after a few weeks of treatment.
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry,First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University,Kunming,China.
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Cheng
authors.affiliation: Department of Internal Medicine,First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University,Kunming,China.
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Xu
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychological Medicine,Centre for Affective Disorders, King's College London,London,UK.
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Arnone
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of Nuclear Analysis Techniques,Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing,China.
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Nie
authors.affiliation: Magnetic Resonance Imaging Center,the First Hospital of Kunming City,Kunming,China.
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Yu
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry,First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University,Kunming,China.
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Jiang
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry,First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University,Kunming,China.
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Bai
authors.affiliation: Magnetic Resonance Imaging Center,the First Hospital of Kunming City,Kunming,China.
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Luo
authors.affiliation: Department of Neuroscience,Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory,New York,USA.
authors.forename: R A A
authors.initials: RA
authors.lastname: Campbell
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of Nuclear Analysis Techniques,Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing,China.
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Shan
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of Animal Models and Human Disease Mechanisms,Chinese Academy of Sciences & Yunnan Province, Kunming Institute of Zoology,Kunming,China.
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Xu
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry,First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University,Kunming,China.
authors.forename: X
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Xu
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D002421:Caudate Nucleus / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000187:drug effects / Q000503:physiopathology; D002540:Cerebral Cortex / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000187:drug effects / Q000503:physiopathology; D015283:Citalopram / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology; D003865:Major Depressive Disorder / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000503:physiopathology; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging / Q000379:methods*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D017063:Outcome Assessment, Health Care / Q000379:methods*; D017367:Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology*
chemical_list: D015283:Citalopram; D017367:Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors
keywords: Escitalopram; first-episode; fractional amplitude of low-frequency fluctuation (fALFF); major depressive disorder; neuroimaging; remission; resting-state fMRI