title: Metabolism of ibuprofen in higher plants: A model Arabidopsis thaliana cell suspension culture system.
abstract: The uptake and metabolism of ibuprofen (IBU) by plants at the cellular level was investigated using a suspension culture of A. thaliana. Almost all IBU added to the medium (200 μM) was metabolized or bound to insoluble structures in 5 days. More than 300 metabolites were determined by liquid chromatography-high resolution mass spectrometry (LC-HRMS) analysis, and most of these are first reported for plants here. Although hydroxylated derivatives formed by oxidation on the isobutyl side chain were the main first-step products of IBU degradation, conjugates of these products with sugar, methyl and amino acid groups were the dominant metabolites in the culture. The main portion of total added IBU (81%) was accumulated in the extractable intracellular pool, whereas the cultivation medium fraction contained only 19%. The amount of the insoluble cell-wall-bound IBU was negligible (0.005% of total IBU).
authors.affiliation: Institute of Experimental Botany AS CR, Rozvojova 263, 165 02 Prague, Czech Republic.
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Marsik
authors.affiliation: Institute of Experimental Botany AS CR, Rozvojova 263, 165 02 Prague, Czech Republic.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Sisa
authors.affiliation: HPST, s.r.o., Písnická 372/20, 142 00 Prague, Czech Republic.
authors.forename: O
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Lacina
authors.affiliation: Institute of Experimental Botany AS CR, Rozvojova 263, 165 02 Prague, Czech Republic.
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Motkova
authors.affiliation: Institute of Experimental Botany AS CR, Rozvojova 263, 165 02 Prague, Czech Republic.
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Langhansova
authors.affiliation: Institute of Experimental Botany AS CR, Rozvojova 263, 165 02 Prague, Czech Republic.
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Rezek
authors.affiliation: Institute of Experimental Botany AS CR, Rozvojova 263, 165 02 Prague, Czech Republic. Electronic address: vanek@ueb.cas.cz.
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Vanek
mesh_terms: D000894:Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal / Q000378:metabolism*; D017360:Arabidopsis / Q000378:metabolism; D006900:Hydroxylation; D007052:Ibuprofen / Q000032:analysis / Q000378:metabolism*; D013058:Mass Spectrometry; D010944:Plants / Q000378:metabolism*; D013535:Suspensions
chemical_list: D000894:Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal; D013535:Suspensions; D007052:Ibuprofen
keywords: Arabidopsis thaliana; Ibuprofen; Metabolism; Plant cells; Sequestration