title: Coupling between spontaneous pupillary fluctuations and brain activity relates to inattentiveness.
abstract: Autonomic activity in neurological and psychiatric disorders is often dysregulated, particularly in the context of attentional behaviors. This suggests that interplay between the autonomic nervous system and aspects of the central nervous system subserving attention may be disrupted in these conditions. Better understanding these interactions and their relationship with individual variation in attentional behaviors could facilitate development of mechanistic biomarkers. We identified brain regions defined by trait-sensitive central-autonomic coupling as a first step in this process. As spontaneous neural activity measured during the resting state is sensitive to phenotypic variability, unconfounded by task performance, we examined whether spontaneous fluctuations in brain activity and an autonomic measure, pupil diameter, were coupled during the resting state, and whether that coupling predicted individual differences in attentional behavior. By employing concurrent pupillometry and fMRI during the resting state, we observed positive coupling in regions comprising cingulo-opercular, default mode, and fronto-parietal networks, as well as negative coupling with visual and sensorimotor regions. Individuals less prone to distractibility in everyday behavior demonstrated stronger positive coupling in cingulo-opercular regions often associated with sympathetic activity. Overall, our results suggest that individuals less prone to distractibility have tighter intrinsic coordination between specific brain areas and autonomic systems, which may enable adaptive autonomic shifts in response to salient environmental cues. These results suggest that incorporating autonomic indices in resting-state studies should be useful in the search for biomarkers for neurological and psychiatric disorders.
authors.affiliation: Interdisciplinary Program in Neuroscience, Georgetown University, Washington, DC, USA.|Department of Psychology, Georgetown University, Washington, DC, 20057, USA.
authors.forename: A L
authors.initials: AL
authors.lastname: Breeden
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.
authors.forename: G J
authors.initials: GJ
authors.lastname: Siegle
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychology, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA.
authors.forename: M E
authors.initials: ME
authors.lastname: Norr
authors.affiliation: VISN 17 Center of Excellence for Research on Returning War Veterans, Waco, TX, USA.|Center for Vital Longevity, University of Texas at Dallas, Dallas, TX, USA.
authors.forename: E M
authors.initials: EM
authors.lastname: Gordon
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychology, Georgetown University, Washington, DC, 20057, USA.|Children's Research Institute, Children's National Medical Center, Washington, DC, USA.
authors.forename: C J
authors.initials: CJ
authors.lastname: Vaidya
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001288:Attention / Q000502:physiology*; D001921:Brain / Q000502:physiology*; D001931:Brain Mapping; D003463:Cues; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging / Q000379:methods; D008297:Male; D009415:Nerve Net / Q000502:physiology*; D011597:Psychomotor Performance / Q000502:physiology*; D055815:Young Adult
keywords: attention; autonomic; cingulo-opercular; locus coeruleus; pupil diameter