title: Multiple Sclerosis and Obesity: Possible Roles of Adipokines.
abstract: Multiple Sclerosis (MS) is an autoimmune disorder of the Central Nervous System that has been associated with several environmental factors, such as diet and obesity. The possible link between MS and obesity has become more interesting in recent years since the discovery of the remarkable properties of adipose tissue. Once MS is initiated, obesity can contribute to increased disease severity by negatively influencing disease progress and treatment response, but, also, obesity in early life is highly relevant as a susceptibility factor and causally related risk for late MS development. The aim of this review was to discuss recent evidence about the link between obesity, as a chronic inflammatory state, and the pathogenesis of MS as a chronic autoimmune and inflammatory disease. First, we describe the main cells involved in MS pathogenesis, both from neural tissue and from the immune system, and including a new participant, the adipocyte, focusing on their roles in MS. Second, we concentrate on the role of several adipokines that are able to participate in the mediation of the immune response in MS and on the possible cross talk between the latter. Finally, we explore recent therapy that involves the transplantation of adipocyte precursor cells for the treatment of MS.
authors.affiliation: U.M.A.E. Hospital de Pediatría, C.M.N.O., Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Guadalajara, JAL, Mexico; Instituto de Investigación en Ciencias Biomédicas (IICB), CUCS, Universidad de Guadalajara, Guadalajara, JAL, Mexico.
authors.forename: José de Jesús
authors.initials: JJ
authors.lastname: Guerrero-García
authors.affiliation: Instituto de Investigación en Ciencias Biomédicas (IICB), CUCS, Universidad de Guadalajara, Guadalajara, JAL, Mexico.
authors.forename: Lucrecia
authors.identifier: 0000-0003-1947-4276
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Carrera-Quintanar
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Farmacobiología, CUCEI, Universidad de Guadalajara, Guadalajara, JAL, Mexico.
authors.forename: Rocío Ivette
authors.identifier: 0000-0002-2339-4108
authors.initials: RI
authors.lastname: López-Roa
authors.affiliation: Unidad de Biotecnología Médica y Farmacéutica, Centro de Investigación y Asistencia en Tecnología y Diseño del Estado de Jalisco A. C., Guadalajara, JAL, Mexico.
authors.forename: Ana Laura
authors.initials: AL
authors.lastname: Márquez-Aguirre
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Ciencias Ambientales, Instituto de Neurociencias, CUCBA, Universidad de Guadalajara, Guadalajara, JAL, Mexico.
authors.forename: Argelia Esperanza
authors.identifier: 0000-0002-0561-8534
authors.initials: AE
authors.lastname: Rojas-Mayorquín
authors.affiliation: Instituto de Investigación en Ciencias Biomédicas (IICB), CUCS, Universidad de Guadalajara, Guadalajara, JAL, Mexico.
authors.forename: Daniel
authors.identifier: 0000-0002-7443-2514
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Ortuño-Sahagún
mesh_terms: D017667:Adipocytes / Q000166:cytology; D054392:Adipokines / Q000378:metabolism*; D052242:Adiponectin / Q000378:metabolism; D000273:Adipose Tissue / Q000473:pathology; D000818:Animals; D001253:Astrocytes / Q000166:cytology; D001327:Autoimmune Diseases / Q000150:complications* / Q000378:metabolism; D018414:CD8-Positive T-Lymphocytes / Q000166:cytology; D011416:Complement Factor D / Q000378:metabolism; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D004681:Encephalomyelitis, Autoimmune, Experimental / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D007107:Immune System; D007249:Inflammation; D020381:Interleukin-17 / Q000378:metabolism; D020738:Leptin / Q000378:metabolism; D059630:Mesenchymal Stem Cells / Q000166:cytology; D051379:Mice; D017628:Microglia / Q000473:pathology; D009103:Multiple Sclerosis / Q000150:complications* / Q000378:metabolism; D054409:Nicotinamide Phosphoribosyltransferase / Q000378:metabolism; D009765:Obesity / Q000150:complications* / Q000378:metabolism; D009836:Oligodendroglia / Q000166:cytology; D015995:Prevalence; D052243:Resistin / Q000378:metabolism; D012306:Risk; D018417:Th1 Cells / Q000166:cytology; D018418:Th2 Cells / Q000166:cytology
chemical_list: D054392:Adipokines; D052242:Adiponectin; D020381:Interleukin-17; D020738:Leptin; D052243:Resistin; D054409:Nicotinamide Phosphoribosyltransferase; D011416:Complement Factor D