title: Obesity, Oxidative Stress, and Their Effect on Serum Heme Oxygenase-1 Concentrations and Insulin in Children Aged 3 to 5 Years in a Pediatric Hospital of the Ministry of Health CDMX.
abstract: Obesity during early stages of life may condition states of oxidative stress. Heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) is an enzyme involved in oxidative metabolism; it has antioxidant and anti-inflammatory functions and is related in sensitivity to insulin. However, a high concentration of this enzyme has been described to cause alterations such as insulin resistance. The objective of this work was to study the relationship between obesity, oxidative stress, HO-1, and insulin in children aged 3 to 5 years.
  
  
  
  To achieve our objective, we studied a control group of children (n = 50) and a group of obese children (n = 50) who underwent an anthropometric evaluation. Additionally, we quantified peroxidized lipids, oxidized low-density lipoproteins (Ox-LDLs), oxidized and reduced glutathione, HO-1, and insulin. We also calculated the homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR), HOMA-%B, and HOMA-%S indices. According to the data distribution, nonparametric and Spearman's rank correlation coefficient tests were conducted.
  
  
  
  The results demonstrate that obese children show a statistically relevant increase in BMI/age, serum concentrations of peroxidized lipids, Ox-LDLs, oxidized glutathione, HO-1, and insulin (p < 0.005). In addition, there was an increase in the HOMA-IR and HOMA-%B (p < 0.0001) indices and a decrease of reduced glutathione, as well as a reduction in the HOMA-%S, compared with the children of the control group (p < 0.003).
  
  
  
  With the results obtained, we can conclude that obese preschool children show a chronic state of oxidative stress, an increase of HO-1, and an incipient state of insulin resistance. Finally, the increased reactive oxygen species could be one of the leading factors involved in insulin resistance and Ox-LDL increase from the preschool stage.
authors.affiliation: 1 Departamento de Fisiologia, Facultad de Medicina, UNAM , Coyoacan, Mexico .|2 Hospital Pediatrico San Juan de Aragon , Secretaria de Salud CDMX, Gustavo A. Madero, Mexico .
authors.forename: Enrique
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Carmona-Montesinos
authors.affiliation: 1 Departamento de Fisiologia, Facultad de Medicina, UNAM , Coyoacan, Mexico .
authors.forename: Raul
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Velazquez-Perez
authors.affiliation: 3 Servicio de Laboratorio Clínico, Hospital Materno Pediatrico Xochimilco , Secretaria de Salud CDMX, Xochimilco, Mexico .
authors.forename: Edna
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Pichardo Aguirre
authors.affiliation: 1 Departamento de Fisiologia, Facultad de Medicina, UNAM , Coyoacan, Mexico .
authors.forename: Selva
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Rivas-Arancibia
mesh_terms: D015415:Biomarkers / Q000097:blood; D001786:Blood Glucose / Q000378:metabolism; D002675:Child, Preschool; D005260:Female; D051547:Heme Oxygenase-1 / Q000097:blood*; D006776:Hospitals, Pediatric; D006801:Humans; D007328:Insulin / Q000097:blood*; D007333:Insulin Resistance; D008077:Lipoproteins, LDL / Q000097:blood; D008297:Male; D008800:Mexico / Q000453:epidemiology; D018384:Oxidative Stress; D063766:Pediatric Obesity / Q000097:blood* / Q000150:complications / Q000503:physiopathology; D011446:Prospective Studies
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; D001786:Blood Glucose; D007328:Insulin; D008077:Lipoproteins, LDL; C099252:oxidized low density lipoprotein; D051547:Heme Oxygenase-1
keywords: childhood obesity; heme-oxygenase 1; oxidative stress