title: Comparison of Early (2 Days) and Later (28 Days) Response of Adipose Tissue to Very Low-Calorie Diet in Obese Women.
abstract: Beneficial metabolic effects of calorie restriction found in the early stage of hypocalorie diets may be caused by the modulation of metabolic and endocrine function of adipose tissue.
  
  
  
  The objective of the study was to compare metabolic and inflammation-related characteristics of sc adipose tissue (SAAT) in the early (2 d) and later (28 d) phase of a very low calorie diet (VLCD). Design, Setting, Intervention, and Patients: Seventeen moderately obese premenopausal women followed an 800 kcal/d VLCD for 28 days. Anthropometric measurements, blood sampling, and a biopsy of SAAT were performed before the diet and after 2 and 28 days of the VLCD.
  
  
  
  mRNA expression of 50 genes related to lipid metabolism, inflammation, and fibrosis were analyzed in SAAT. Secretion of adipokines was determined in SAAT explants and adipokines, fibroblast growth factor 21 (FGF21) and C-reactive protein were measured in plasma.
  
  
  
  In the early phase of the VLCD, the expression of lipolytic genes was increased, whereas the expression of lipogenic genes was significantly suppressed. The inflammatory markers in SAAT remained unchanged. At the later phase, expression of genes involved in lipogenesis and β-oxidation was markedly suppressed, whereas the expression of inflammatory markers was increased. The changes of lipogenic genes after 28 days of the VLCD correlated with FGF21 changes.
  
  
  
  The early and later phases of a VLCD differ with respect to metabolic and inflammatory responses in SAAT. The expression changes in SAAT in the early phase of the VLCD could not explain the effect of short calorie restriction on the improvement of insulin sensitivity. An interplay of SAAT with liver function during VLCD mediated by FGF21 might be suggested.
authors.affiliation: Department of Sport Medicine (V.Š., L.R., E.K., J.K., M.K., V.Š., M.Š.), Third Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, 100 00 Prague 10, Czech Republic; Franco-Czech Laboratory for Clinical Research on Obesity (V.Š., L.R., E.K., J.K., M.K., D.L., V.Š., M.Š.), Third Faculty of Medicine, Prague, and Institut des Maladies Métaboliques et Cardiovasculaires, Université Toulouse III Paul Sabatier, Unité Mixte de Recherche, F-31432 Toulouse, France; Second Department of Internal Medicine (E.K., V.Š.), University Hospital Kralovske Vinohrady, 100 34 Prague, Czech Republic; and INSERM (D.L.), Unité Mixte de Recherche 1048, Institute of Metabolic and Cardiovascular Diseases, and University of Toulouse, Paul Sabatier University, and Department of Clinical Biochemistry (D.L.), Toulouse University Hospitals, F-31432 Toulouse, France.
authors.forename: Veronika
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Šrámková
authors.affiliation: Department of Sport Medicine (V.Š., L.R., E.K., J.K., M.K., V.Š., M.Š.), Third Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, 100 00 Prague 10, Czech Republic; Franco-Czech Laboratory for Clinical Research on Obesity (V.Š., L.R., E.K., J.K., M.K., D.L., V.Š., M.Š.), Third Faculty of Medicine, Prague, and Institut des Maladies Métaboliques et Cardiovasculaires, Université Toulouse III Paul Sabatier, Unité Mixte de Recherche, F-31432 Toulouse, France; Second Department of Internal Medicine (E.K., V.Š.), University Hospital Kralovske Vinohrady, 100 34 Prague, Czech Republic; and INSERM (D.L.), Unité Mixte de Recherche 1048, Institute of Metabolic and Cardiovascular Diseases, and University of Toulouse, Paul Sabatier University, and Department of Clinical Biochemistry (D.L.), Toulouse University Hospitals, F-31432 Toulouse, France.
authors.forename: Lenka
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Rossmeislová
authors.affiliation: Department of Sport Medicine (V.Š., L.R., E.K., J.K., M.K., V.Š., M.Š.), Third Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, 100 00 Prague 10, Czech Republic; Franco-Czech Laboratory for Clinical Research on Obesity (V.Š., L.R., E.K., J.K., M.K., D.L., V.Š., M.Š.), Third Faculty of Medicine, Prague, and Institut des Maladies Métaboliques et Cardiovasculaires, Université Toulouse III Paul Sabatier, Unité Mixte de Recherche, F-31432 Toulouse, France; Second Department of Internal Medicine (E.K., V.Š.), University Hospital Kralovske Vinohrady, 100 34 Prague, Czech Republic; and INSERM (D.L.), Unité Mixte de Recherche 1048, Institute of Metabolic and Cardiovascular Diseases, and University of Toulouse, Paul Sabatier University, and Department of Clinical Biochemistry (D.L.), Toulouse University Hospitals, F-31432 Toulouse, France.
authors.forename: Eva
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Krauzová
authors.affiliation: Department of Sport Medicine (V.Š., L.R., E.K., J.K., M.K., V.Š., M.Š.), Third Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, 100 00 Prague 10, Czech Republic; Franco-Czech Laboratory for Clinical Research on Obesity (V.Š., L.R., E.K., J.K., M.K., D.L., V.Š., M.Š.), Third Faculty of Medicine, Prague, and Institut des Maladies Métaboliques et Cardiovasculaires, Université Toulouse III Paul Sabatier, Unité Mixte de Recherche, F-31432 Toulouse, France; Second Department of Internal Medicine (E.K., V.Š.), University Hospital Kralovske Vinohrady, 100 34 Prague, Czech Republic; and INSERM (D.L.), Unité Mixte de Recherche 1048, Institute of Metabolic and Cardiovascular Diseases, and University of Toulouse, Paul Sabatier University, and Department of Clinical Biochemistry (D.L.), Toulouse University Hospitals, F-31432 Toulouse, France.
authors.forename: Jana
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Kračmerová
authors.affiliation: Department of Sport Medicine (V.Š., L.R., E.K., J.K., M.K., V.Š., M.Š.), Third Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, 100 00 Prague 10, Czech Republic; Franco-Czech Laboratory for Clinical Research on Obesity (V.Š., L.R., E.K., J.K., M.K., D.L., V.Š., M.Š.), Third Faculty of Medicine, Prague, and Institut des Maladies Métaboliques et Cardiovasculaires, Université Toulouse III Paul Sabatier, Unité Mixte de Recherche, F-31432 Toulouse, France; Second Department of Internal Medicine (E.K., V.Š.), University Hospital Kralovske Vinohrady, 100 34 Prague, Czech Republic; and INSERM (D.L.), Unité Mixte de Recherche 1048, Institute of Metabolic and Cardiovascular Diseases, and University of Toulouse, Paul Sabatier University, and Department of Clinical Biochemistry (D.L.), Toulouse University Hospitals, F-31432 Toulouse, France.
authors.forename: Michal
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Koc
authors.affiliation: Department of Sport Medicine (V.Š., L.R., E.K., J.K., M.K., V.Š., M.Š.), Third Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, 100 00 Prague 10, Czech Republic; Franco-Czech Laboratory for Clinical Research on Obesity (V.Š., L.R., E.K., J.K., M.K., D.L., V.Š., M.Š.), Third Faculty of Medicine, Prague, and Institut des Maladies Métaboliques et Cardiovasculaires, Université Toulouse III Paul Sabatier, Unité Mixte de Recherche, F-31432 Toulouse, France; Second Department of Internal Medicine (E.K., V.Š.), University Hospital Kralovske Vinohrady, 100 34 Prague, Czech Republic; and INSERM (D.L.), Unité Mixte de Recherche 1048, Institute of Metabolic and Cardiovascular Diseases, and University of Toulouse, Paul Sabatier University, and Department of Clinical Biochemistry (D.L.), Toulouse University Hospitals, F-31432 Toulouse, France.
authors.forename: Dominique
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Langin
authors.affiliation: Department of Sport Medicine (V.Š., L.R., E.K., J.K., M.K., V.Š., M.Š.), Third Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, 100 00 Prague 10, Czech Republic; Franco-Czech Laboratory for Clinical Research on Obesity (V.Š., L.R., E.K., J.K., M.K., D.L., V.Š., M.Š.), Third Faculty of Medicine, Prague, and Institut des Maladies Métaboliques et Cardiovasculaires, Université Toulouse III Paul Sabatier, Unité Mixte de Recherche, F-31432 Toulouse, France; Second Department of Internal Medicine (E.K., V.Š.), University Hospital Kralovske Vinohrady, 100 34 Prague, Czech Republic; and INSERM (D.L.), Unité Mixte de Recherche 1048, Institute of Metabolic and Cardiovascular Diseases, and University of Toulouse, Paul Sabatier University, and Department of Clinical Biochemistry (D.L.), Toulouse University Hospitals, F-31432 Toulouse, France.
authors.forename: Vladimír
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Štich
authors.affiliation: Department of Sport Medicine (V.Š., L.R., E.K., J.K., M.K., V.Š., M.Š.), Third Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, 100 00 Prague 10, Czech Republic; Franco-Czech Laboratory for Clinical Research on Obesity (V.Š., L.R., E.K., J.K., M.K., D.L., V.Š., M.Š.), Third Faculty of Medicine, Prague, and Institut des Maladies Métaboliques et Cardiovasculaires, Université Toulouse III Paul Sabatier, Unité Mixte de Recherche, F-31432 Toulouse, France; Second Department of Internal Medicine (E.K., V.Š.), University Hospital Kralovske Vinohrady, 100 34 Prague, Czech Republic; and INSERM (D.L.), Unité Mixte de Recherche 1048, Institute of Metabolic and Cardiovascular Diseases, and University of Toulouse, Paul Sabatier University, and Department of Clinical Biochemistry (D.L.), Toulouse University Hospitals, F-31432 Toulouse, France.
authors.forename: Michaela
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Šiklová
mesh_terms: D054392:Adipokines / Q000378:metabolism*; D000328:Adult; D031204:Caloric Restriction / Q000379:methods*; D005260:Female; D015870:Gene Expression; D006801:Humans; D007249:Inflammation / Q000378:metabolism*; D050155:Lipogenesis; D009765:Obesity / Q000178:diet therapy* / Q000378:metabolism*; D017063:Outcome Assessment, Health Care; D050151:Subcutaneous Fat / Q000378:metabolism*; D013997:Time Factors
chemical_list: D054392:Adipokines