title: Reverse-topology membrane scission by the ESCRT proteins.
abstract: The narrow membrane necks formed during viral, exosomal and intra-endosomal budding from membranes, as well as during cytokinesis and related processes, have interiors that are contiguous with the cytosol. Severing these necks involves action from the opposite face of the membrane as occurs during the well-characterized formation of coated vesicles. This 'reverse' (or 'inverse')-topology membrane scission is carried out by the endosomal sorting complex required for transport (ESCRT) proteins, which form filaments, flat spirals, tubes and conical funnels that are thought to direct membrane remodelling and scission. Their assembly, and their disassembly by the ATPase vacuolar protein sorting-associated 4 (VPS4) have been intensively studied, but the mechanism of scission has been elusive. New insights from cryo-electron microscopy and various types of spectroscopy may finally be close to rectifying this situation.
authors.affiliation: Department of Molecular and Cell Biology and California Institute for Quantitative Biosciences, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, USA.
authors.forename: Johannes
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Schöneberg
authors.affiliation: Department of Molecular and Cell Biology and California Institute for Quantitative Biosciences, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, USA.
authors.forename: Il-Hyung
authors.initials: IH
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.affiliation: University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah 84112, USA.
authors.forename: Janet H
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Iwasa
authors.affiliation: Department of Molecular and Cell Biology and California Institute for Quantitative Biosciences, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, USA.|Molecular Biophysics and Integrated Bioimaging Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, USA.
authors.forename: James H
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Hurley
mesh_terms: D000074183:ATPases Associated with Diverse Cellular Activities; D002462:Cell Membrane / Q000378:metabolism; D056827:Endosomal Sorting Complexes Required for Transport / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000378:metabolism*; D011992:Endosomes / Q000378:metabolism; D015497:HIV-1 / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D025262:Vacuolar Proton-Translocating ATPases / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D056827:Endosomal Sorting Complexes Required for Transport; D025262:Vacuolar Proton-Translocating ATPases; D000074183:ATPases Associated with Diverse Cellular Activities; C490305:VPS4A protein, human