title: Personalized learning: From neurogenetics of behaviors to designing optimal language training.
abstract: Variability in drug responsivity has prompted the development of Personalized Medicine, which has shown great promise in utilizing genotypic information to develop safer and more effective drug regimens for patients. Similarly, individual variability in learning outcomes has puzzled researchers who seek to create optimal learning environments for students. "Personalized Learning" seeks to identify genetic, neural and behavioral predictors of individual differences in learning and aims to use predictors to help create optimal teaching paradigms. Evidence for Personalized Learning can be observed by connecting research in pharmacogenomics, cognitive genetics and behavioral experiments across domains of learning, which provides a framework for conducting empirical studies from the laboratory to the classroom and holds promise for addressing learning effectiveness in the individual learners. Evidence can also be seen in the subdomain of speech learning, thus providing initial support for the applicability of Personalized Learning to language.
authors.affiliation: Dept of Linguistics & Modern Languages and Brain and Mind Institute, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, People's Republic of China. Electronic address: p.wong@cuhk.edu.hk.
authors.forename: Patrick C M
authors.initials: PCM
authors.lastname: Wong
authors.affiliation: Dept of Linguistics & Modern Languages and Brain and Mind Institute, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Loan C
authors.initials: LC
authors.lastname: Vuong
authors.affiliation: Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, USA.
authors.forename: Kevin
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Liu
mesh_terms: D056726:Genetic Association Studies; D006801:Humans; D007206:Individuality; D007802:Language; D057285:Precision Medicine; D014706:Verbal Learning / Q000502:physiology*
keywords: Individual differences; Language learning; Neurogenetics; Personalized learning