title: A new-generation 3D ozone FACE (Free Air Controlled Exposure).
abstract: To artificially simulate the impacts of ground-level ozone (O3) on vegetation, ozone FACE (Free Air Controlled Exposure) systems are increasingly recommended. We describe here a new-generation, three-dimensional ozone FACE, with O3diffusion through laser-generated micro-holes, pre-mixing of air and O3, O3generator with integral oxygen generator, continuous (day/night) exposure and full replication. Based on three O3levels and assumptions on the pre-industrial O3levels, we describe principles to calculate relative yield/biomass and estimate impacts even at lower-than-ambient O3levels. The case study is called FO3X, and is at present the only ozone FACE in Mediterranean climate and one of the very few ozone FACEs investigating more than one stressor at a time. The results presented here will give further impulse to the research on O3impacts on vegetation all over the world.
authors.affiliation: IPSP-CNR, Via Madonna del Piano 10, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Italy. Electronic address: e.paoletti@ipp.cnr.it.
authors.forename: Elena
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Paoletti
authors.affiliation: IBIMET-CNR, Via Caproni 8, 50145 Firenze, Italy.
authors.forename: Alessandro
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Materassi
authors.affiliation: IBIMET-CNR, Via Caproni 8, 50145 Firenze, Italy.
authors.forename: Gianni
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Fasano
authors.affiliation: IPSP-CNR, Via Madonna del Piano 10, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Italy.
authors.forename: Yasutomo
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Hoshika
authors.affiliation: IBIMET-CNR, Via Caproni 8, 50145 Firenze, Italy.
authors.forename: Giulia
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Carriero
authors.affiliation: INCDS, B-dul Eroilor 128, Voluntari, Ilfov, Romania.
authors.forename: Diana
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Silaghi
authors.affiliation: INCDS, B-dul Eroilor 128, Voluntari, Ilfov, Romania.
authors.forename: Ovidiu
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Badea
keywords: Crops; Forests; Ozone exposure; Surface ozone; Tropospheric ozone; Vegetation