title: Effects of in ovo supplementation of probiotics on performance and immunocompetence of broiler chicks to an Eimeria challenge.
abstract: Coccidiosis is regarded as the parasitic disease with the greatest economic impact on the poultry industry due to reduced performance and increased mortality. A study was conducted to investigate the effects of in ovo administration of probiotics on hatchability, performance, immune organ weights, and lesion scores in broiler chicks during a mixed Eimeria infection. At embryonic day 18, 210 eggs were injected with either sterile water or 1×106cfu probiotic bacteria. On day 3 post-hatch, half of the chicks from each treatment group were challenged with a mixed inoculum of Eimeria acervulina, Eimeria maxima and Eimeria tenella. Measurements and tissue samples were taken on day of hatch (DOH) and days 3, 9 and 15. On day 9, 24 birds per treatment were scored for intestinal Eimeria lesions. No differences were seen among groups for hatchability as well as for body weight (BW), BW gain (BWG), or immune organ weights prior to the Eimeria challenge. On day 9, the non-challenged birds with probiotic supplementation had higher BW and BWG than the non-supplemented controls while no differences were seen among the challenged groups. On day 15, probiotic supplemented birds had improved BW compared to the non-supplemented birds as well as increased BWG from day 9 to 15. Bursa weight was not affected by treatment at any time point while spleen weight was greater in supplemented birds on day 15. Birds receiving the probiotic had significantly lower mortality than non-treated birds. Additionally, gross lesion severity was reduced due to probiotic supplementation in all intestinal segments evaluated. These results suggest that in ovo supplementation of probiotics may improve early performance and provide protection against a mixed Eimeria infection.
authors.affiliation: 1 Avian Immunobiology Laboratory, Department of Animal and Poultry Sciences, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA 24061, USA.
authors.forename: C M
authors.initials: CM
authors.lastname: Pender
authors.affiliation: 1 Avian Immunobiology Laboratory, Department of Animal and Poultry Sciences, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA 24061, USA.
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.affiliation: 1 Avian Immunobiology Laboratory, Department of Animal and Poultry Sciences, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA 24061, USA.
authors.forename: T D
authors.initials: TD
authors.lastname: Potter
authors.affiliation: 1 Avian Immunobiology Laboratory, Department of Animal and Poultry Sciences, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA 24061, USA.
authors.forename: M M
authors.initials: MM
authors.lastname: Ritzi
authors.affiliation: 2 Star Labs/Forage Research, Inc., P.O. Box 77, Clarksdale, MO 64430, USA.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Young
authors.affiliation: 1 Avian Immunobiology Laboratory, Department of Animal and Poultry Sciences, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA 24061, USA.
authors.forename: R A
authors.initials: RA
authors.lastname: Dalloul
mesh_terms: D000821:Animal Feed; D000818:Animals; D002645:Chickens / Q000276:immunology* / Q000469:parasitology; D003048:Coccidiosis / Q000276:immunology / Q000469:parasitology / Q000517:prevention & control / Q000662:veterinary*; D004539:Eimeria / Q000502:physiology*; D007121:Immunocompetence; D007422:Intestines / Q000276:immunology / Q000469:parasitology; D011201:Poultry Diseases / Q000276:immunology / Q000469:parasitology / Q000517:prevention & control*; D019936:Probiotics / Q000494:pharmacology*; D015430:Weight Gain
keywords: alternatives; challenge; coccidiosis; immunity; poultry