title: The effect of oat β-glucan on LDL-cholesterol, non-HDL-cholesterol and apoB for CVD risk reduction: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomised-controlled trials.
abstract: Oats are a rich source of β-glucan, a viscous, soluble fibre recognised for its cholesterol-lowering properties, and are associated with reduced risk of CVD. Our objective was to conduct a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomised-controlled trials (RCT) investigating the cholesterol-lowering potential of oat β-glucan on LDL-cholesterol, non-HDL-cholesterol and apoB for the risk reduction of CVD. MEDLINE, Embase, CINAHL and Cochrane CENTRAL were searched. We included RCT of ≥3 weeks of follow-up, assessing the effect of diets enriched with oat β-glucan compared with controlled diets on LDL-cholesterol, non-HDL-cholesterol or apoB. Two independent reviewers extracted data and assessed study quality and risk of bias. Data were pooled using the generic inverse-variance method with random effects models and expressed as mean differences with 95 % CI. Heterogeneity was assessed by the Cochran's Q statistic and quantified by the I 2-statistic. In total, fifty-eight trials (n 3974) were included. A median dose of 3·5 g/d of oat β-glucan significantly lowered LDL-cholesterol (-0·19; 95 % CI -0·23, -0·14 mmol/l, P<0·00001), non-HDL-cholesterol (-0·20; 95 % CI -0·26, -0·15 mmol/l, P<0·00001) and apoB (-0·03; 95 % CI -0·05, -0·02 g/l, P<0·0001) compared with control interventions. There was evidence for considerable unexplained heterogeneity in the analysis of LDL-cholesterol (I 2=79 %) and non-HDL-cholesterol (I 2=99 %). Pooled analyses showed that oat β-glucan has a lowering effect on LDL-cholesterol, non-HDL-cholesterol and apoB. Inclusion of oat-containing foods may be a strategy for achieving targets in CVD reduction.
authors.affiliation: 1Clinical Nutrition and Risk Factor Modification Centre,St. Michael's Hospital,30 Bond Street,Toronto,ON,Canada,M5B 1W8.
authors.forename: Hoang V T
authors.initials: HV
authors.lastname: Ho
authors.affiliation: 1Clinical Nutrition and Risk Factor Modification Centre,St. Michael's Hospital,30 Bond Street,Toronto,ON,Canada,M5B 1W8.
authors.forename: John L
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: Sievenpiper
authors.affiliation: 1Clinical Nutrition and Risk Factor Modification Centre,St. Michael's Hospital,30 Bond Street,Toronto,ON,Canada,M5B 1W8.
authors.forename: Andreea
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Zurbau
authors.affiliation: 1Clinical Nutrition and Risk Factor Modification Centre,St. Michael's Hospital,30 Bond Street,Toronto,ON,Canada,M5B 1W8.
authors.forename: Sonia
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Blanco Mejia
authors.affiliation: 1Clinical Nutrition and Risk Factor Modification Centre,St. Michael's Hospital,30 Bond Street,Toronto,ON,Canada,M5B 1W8.
authors.forename: Elena
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Jovanovski
authors.affiliation: 1Clinical Nutrition and Risk Factor Modification Centre,St. Michael's Hospital,30 Bond Street,Toronto,ON,Canada,M5B 1W8.
authors.forename: Fei
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Au-Yeung
authors.affiliation: 1Clinical Nutrition and Risk Factor Modification Centre,St. Michael's Hospital,30 Bond Street,Toronto,ON,Canada,M5B 1W8.
authors.forename: Alexandra L
authors.initials: AL
authors.lastname: Jenkins
authors.affiliation: 1Clinical Nutrition and Risk Factor Modification Centre,St. Michael's Hospital,30 Bond Street,Toronto,ON,Canada,M5B 1W8.
authors.forename: Vladimir
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Vuksan
mesh_terms: D000924:Anticholesteremic Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000737:chemistry / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D001055:Apolipoproteins B / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000097:blood; D018554:Avena / Q000737:chemistry*; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000097:blood; D002318:Cardiovascular Diseases / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000209:etiology / Q000517:prevention & control*; D002784:Cholesterol / Q000097:blood / Q000737:chemistry; D008076:Cholesterol, HDL / Q000819:agonists / Q000097:blood; D008078:Cholesterol, LDL / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000097:blood; D004043:Dietary Fiber / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use; D019587:Dietary Supplements; D019317:Evidence-Based Medicine; D055951:Functional Food; D006801:Humans; D006937:Hypercholesterolemia / Q000097:blood / Q000178:diet therapy* / Q000503:physiopathology; D008875:Middle Aged; D016032:Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic; D012306:Risk; D012639:Seeds / Q000737:chemistry; D012995:Solubility; D047071:beta-Glucans / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000737:chemistry / Q000627:therapeutic use*
chemical_list: D000924:Anticholesteremic Agents; D001055:Apolipoproteins B; D015415:Biomarkers; D008076:Cholesterol, HDL; D008078:Cholesterol, LDL; D004043:Dietary Fiber; D047071:beta-Glucans; D002784:Cholesterol
keywords: 
                 β-Glucan;  MD mean differences;  MQS Heyland Methodological Quality Score;  RCT randomised-controlled trials; CVD; Cholesterol-lowering properties; Oats; Systematic reviews and meta-analyses