title: Phosphorylated Codonopsis pilosula polysaccharide could inhibit the virulence of duck hepatitis A virus compared with Codonopsis pilosula polysaccharide.
abstract: To screen effective anti-duck hepatitis A virus (DHAV) drugs, we applied STMP-STPP method to prepare phosphorylated Codonopsis pilosula polysaccharide (pCPPS), the phosphorylation-modified product of Codonopsis pilosula polysaccharide (CPPS). The IR spectrum and field emission scanning electron microscope (FE-SEM) were subsequently used to analyze the structure of pCPPS. Several tests were conducted to compare the anti-DHAV activities of CPPS and pCPPS. The MTT method was used to compare the effect of the drugs on DHAV-infected duck embryonic hepatocytes (DEHs), and the Reed-Muench assay was employed to observe changes in the virulence of DHAV. We also applied real-time PCR to examine the relationship between virus replication and the expression of IFN-β. The results indicated that CPPS could not inhibit the replication of DHAV. In contrast, pCPPS increased the virus TCID50, inhibited viral replication and, accordingly, increased the survival rate of DEHs infected with DHAV. Because DHAV induced the expression of IFN-β, and the IFN-β expression level was positively associated with the number of DHAV, the reduction of IFN-β expression levels after pCPPS treatment demonstrated a decrease in the number of virus particles. These results indicated that pCPPS, which reduces the number of DHAV, was more effective than CPPS in anti-DHAV activity.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Traditional Chinese Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, PR China.
authors.forename: Ke
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Ming
authors.affiliation: Institute of Traditional Chinese Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, PR China.
authors.forename: Yun
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.affiliation: Institute of Traditional Chinese Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, PR China.
authors.forename: Fangke
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Yao
authors.affiliation: Institute of Traditional Chinese Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, PR China.
authors.forename: Jintong
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Shi
authors.affiliation: Institute of Traditional Chinese Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, PR China.
authors.forename: Jingjing
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.affiliation: Institute of Traditional Chinese Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, PR China.
authors.forename: Hongxu
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Du
authors.affiliation: University at Buffalo, The State University of New York, Alfiero Center, Buffalo, NY 14228, USA.
authors.forename: Xunyi
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: Institute of Traditional Chinese Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, PR China.
authors.forename: Yixuan
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: Institute of Traditional Chinese Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, PR China. Electronic address: liujiaguo@njau.edu.cn.
authors.forename: Jiaguo
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Liu
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000998:Antiviral Agents / Q000494:pharmacology*; D030161:Avian Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D029745:Codonopsis / Q000737:chemistry; D004353:Drug Evaluation, Preclinical; D004372:Ducks; D004371:Hepatitis Virus, Duck / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000502:physiology; D006524:Hepatitis, Viral, Animal / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000821:virology; D022781:Hepatocytes / Q000187:drug effects / Q000821:virology; D016899:Interferon-beta / Q000378:metabolism; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000494:pharmacology*; D011134:Polysaccharides / Q000494:pharmacology*; D011201:Poultry Diseases / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000821:virology; D014774:Virulence; D014779:Virus Replication / Q000187:drug effects
chemical_list: D000998:Antiviral Agents; D030161:Avian Proteins; D010936:Plant Extracts; D011134:Polysaccharides; D016899:Interferon-beta
keywords: Antiviral activity; Codonopsis pilosula polysaccharide; Duck hepatitis A virus; IFN-β; Phosphorylated modification