title: Improving Peripheral and Central Vascular Adjustments during Exercise through a Training Program in Adolescents with Obesity.
abstract: The effects of a training program (TP) on muscle microvascularization during exercise remained to be explored in adolescents with obesity. We hypothesized that a TP would lead to better microvascular adaptations to exercise in skeletal muscle.
  
  
  
  15 inactive adolescents followed a 12-week TP where both peripheral (muscular microvascularization) and central (cardiac) adaptations to exercise (40 min exercise set at 70% V̇O2peak) were assessed before and after intervention. Microvascular adaptations were evaluated in the Musculus vastus lateralis with near-infrared spectroscopy, by measurement of muscular blood volume (IR-BV) and tissue oxygen saturation (IR-SO2). Central adaptations were evaluated using thoracic impedance.
  
  
  
  The TP favored lower BMI (p < 0.001), lower total and abdominal fat (p < 0.001), and a trend for the decrease in insulin resistance index (p = 0.07). V̇O2peak relative to weight (p = 0.008) and maximum power output increased (p = 0.0003). A smaller initial drop in IR-BV and IR-SO2 (p < 0.001), a prompter return of these parameters to their base values, and a higher IR-BV and IR-SO2 all times taken together (p < 0.001) were observed after completing the TP. Concerning central adaptation, cardiac output decreased (p < 0.001).
  
  
  
  We demonstrate for the first time by noninvasive techniques that a training program induces peripheral and central vascular adaptations to exercise in adolescents with obesity.
authors.affiliation: Department of Sport Medicine and Functional Explorations, University Hospital of Clermont-Ferrand, Clermont-Ferrand, France.
authors.forename: Valérie
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Julian
authors.forename: David
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Thivel
authors.forename: Bruno
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Pereira
authors.forename: Frédéric
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Costes
authors.forename: Ruddy
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Richard
authors.forename: Martine
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Duclos
mesh_terms: D000222:Adaptation, Physiological / Q000502:physiology*; D000293:Adolescent; D002302:Cardiac Output / Q000502:physiology*; D015444:Exercise / Q000502:physiology*; D005081:Exercise Therapy / Q000379:methods; D017079:Exercise Tolerance / Q000502:physiology; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007333:Insulin Resistance; D008297:Male; D055806:Microvessels / Q000503:physiopathology*; D010101:Oxygen Consumption; D063766:Pediatric Obesity / Q000503:physiopathology* / Q000628:therapy; D052097:Quadriceps Muscle / Q000098:blood supply / Q000503:physiopathology; D019265:Spectroscopy, Near-Infrared; D016896:Treatment Outcome