title: CRISPR/Cas9 Immune System as a Tool for Genome Engineering.
abstract: CRISPR/Cas (clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats/CRISPR-associated) adaptive immune systems constitute a bacterial defence against invading nucleic acids derived from bacteriophages or plasmids. This prokaryotic system was adapted in molecular biology and became one of the most powerful and versatile platforms for genome engineering. CRISPR/Cas9 is a simple and rapid tool which enables the efficient modification of endogenous genes in various species and cell types. Moreover, a modified version of the CRISPR/Cas9 system with transcriptional repressors or activators allows robust transcription repression or activation of target genes. The simplicity of CRISPR/Cas9 has resulted in the widespread use of this technology in many fields, including basic research, biotechnology and biomedicine.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Poznań University of Life Sciences, Poznań, Poland. magdalena.hryhorowicz@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Magdalena
authors.identifier: http://orcid.org/0000-0002-1496-1502
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Hryhorowicz
authors.affiliation: Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Poznań University of Life Sciences, Poznań, Poland.
authors.forename: Daniel
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Lipiński
authors.affiliation: Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Poznań University of Life Sciences, Poznań, Poland.
authors.forename: Joanna
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Zeyland
authors.affiliation: Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Poznań University of Life Sciences, Poznań, Poland.|Institute of Human Genetics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Poznań, Poland.
authors.forename: Ryszard
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Słomski
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001419:Bacteria / Q000276:immunology* / Q000821:virology; D001435:Bacteriophages / Q000502:physiology*; D035843:Biomedical Research; D001709:Biotechnology; D064113:CRISPR-Cas Systems; D064112:Clustered Regularly Interspaced Short Palindromic Repeats / Q000235:genetics*; D000072669:Gene Editing; D005818:Genetic Engineering; D016678:Genome; D006801:Humans; D014777:Virus Diseases / Q000276:immunology*
keywords: CRISPR/Cas9; Genome editing; Guide RNA; Off-target effect