title: Body image as a target of victimization by peers/parents: Development and validation of the Body Image Victimization Experiences Scale.
abstract: This study developed and established the psychometric properties of the Body Image Victimization Experiences Scale (BIVES). The BIVES retrospectively assesses the frequency (Part A-frequency) and effect (Part B-impact) of victimization experiences pertaining to body image, perpetrated by peers and parents/caregivers in childhood and adolescence. Distinct samples of Portuguese women were recruited in 2013-2014: two nonclinical samples of the general population (n = 1,177), aged 18-60 years, and a clinical sample of patients with Binge Eating Disorder (BED; n = 73), aged 19-59 years. An exploratory factor analysis was conducted in 632 participants. A confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) and the scale's psychometric properties were tested in 545 participants. The ability of the BIVES to discriminate the clinical from a nonclinical sample was examined. The scale presented two factors indicating the sources of the victimization-peers and parents. CFA results confirmed the scale's structure. The BIVES presented very good internal consistency, construct and discriminant validity, good test-retest reliability, and was associated with related constructs, body image shame, and eating psychopathology. The scale adequately discriminated between the clinical sample and a nonclinical sample. The BIVES is a valid and reliable measure that allows for a comprehensive assessment of body image-related victimization experiences.
authors.affiliation: a Cognitive and Behavioural Centre for Research and Intervention (CINEICC), Faculty of Psychology and Educational Sciences , University of Coimbra , Coimbra , Portugal.
authors.forename: Cristiana
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Duarte
authors.affiliation: a Cognitive and Behavioural Centre for Research and Intervention (CINEICC), Faculty of Psychology and Educational Sciences , University of Coimbra , Coimbra , Portugal.
authors.forename: José
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Pinto-Gouveia
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D001828:Body Image; D015992:Body Mass Index; D019548:Crime Victims / Q000523:psychology*; D004435:Eating; D005163:Factor Analysis, Statistical; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D010290:Parents / Q000523:psychology*; D010379:Peer Group; D011594:Psychometrics / Q000295:instrumentation* / Q000379:methods; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires
keywords: Body image; body image victimization; confirmatory factor analysis; eating psychopathology; psychometric properties