title: Interface Engineering of Metal Oxides using Ammonium Anthracene in Inverted Organic Solar Cells.
abstract: In this work, by casting water-soluble ammonium anthracene on metal oxides, the organic surface modifier re-engineered the interface of the metal oxide to improve charge transport. The energy level of ammonium anthracene increased the work function of indium tin oxide (ITO), functioning as a hole-blocker (electron-transporter). Solar cells in which ITO was treated by the ammonium anthracene produced an average power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 5.8% without ZnO, the electron-transporting layer. When the ammonium anthracene was applied to ZnO, an average PCE of 8.1% was achieved, which is higher than the average PCE of 7.5% for nontreated ZnO-based devices.
authors.affiliation: Department of Mechanical Engineering, School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo , 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan.
authors.forename: Il
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Jeon
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, University of Banja Luka , Mladena Stojanovica 2, 78000 Banja Luka, Bosnia and Herzegovina.
authors.forename: Sasa
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Zeljkovic
authors.affiliation: Laboratory for Chemistry and Life Science, Institute of Innovative Research, Tokyo Institute of Technology , 4259 Nagatsuta, Midori-ku, Yokohama 226-8503, Japan.
authors.forename: Kei
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Kondo
authors.affiliation: Laboratory for Chemistry and Life Science, Institute of Innovative Research, Tokyo Institute of Technology , 4259 Nagatsuta, Midori-ku, Yokohama 226-8503, Japan.
authors.forename: Michito
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Yoshizawa
authors.affiliation: Department of Mechanical Engineering, School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo , 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan.|Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, University of Science and Technology of China , Hefei, Anhui 230026, China.
authors.forename: Yutaka
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Matsuo
keywords: anthracene; electron-transporting layers; fullerene catcher; organic solar cells; polyaromatic amphiphiles; vertical separations