title: Attenuation of carotid neointimal formation after direct delivery of a recombinant adenovirus expressing glucagon-like peptide-1 in diabetic rats.
abstract: Enhancement of glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) reduces glucose levels and preserves pancreatic β-cell function, but its effect against restenosis is unknown.
  
  
  
  We investigated the effect of subcutaneous injection of exenatide or local delivery of a recombinant adenovirus expressing GLP-1 (rAd-GLP-1) into carotid artery, in reducing the occurrence of restenosis following balloon injury. As a control, we inserted β-galactosidase cDNA in the same vector (rAd-βGAL). Otsuka Long-Evans Tokushima rats were assigned to three groups (n = 12 each): (1) normal saline plus rAd-βGAL delivery (NS + rAd-βGAL), (2) exenatide plus rAd-βGAL delivery (Exenatide + rAd-βGAL), and (3) normal saline plus rAd-GLP-1 delivery (NS + rAd-GLP-1). Normal saline or exenatide were administered subcutaneously from 1 week before to 2 weeks after carotid injury. After 3 weeks, the NS + rAd-βGAL group showed the highest intima-media ratio (IMR; 3.73 ± 0.90), the exenatide + rAd-βGAL treatment was the next highest (2.80 ± 0.51), and NS + rAd-GLP-1 treatment showed the lowest IMR (1.58 ± 0.48, P < 0.05 vs. others). The proliferation and migration of vascular smooth muscle cells and monocyte adhesion were decreased significantly after rAd-GLP-1 treatment, showing the same overall patterns as the IMR. In injured vessels, the apoptosis was greater and MMP2 expression was less in the NS + rAd-GLP-1 than in the exenatide or rAd-βGAL groups. In vitro expressions of matrix metalloproteinases-2 and monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 and nuclear factor-kappa-B-p65 translocation were decreased more in the NS + rAd-GLP-1 group than in the other two groups (all P < 0.05).
  
  
  
  Direct GLP-1 overexpression showed better protection against restenosis after balloon injury via suppression of vascular smooth muscle cell migration, increased apoptosis, and decreased inflammatory processes than systemic exenatide treatment. This has potential therapeutic implications for treating macrovascular complications in diabetes.
authors.affiliation: Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, Korea.|Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.
authors.forename: Soo
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Lim
authors.affiliation: Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, Korea.
authors.forename: Gha Young
authors.initials: GY
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.affiliation: Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.
authors.forename: Ho Seon
authors.initials: HS
authors.lastname: Park
authors.affiliation: Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, Korea.|Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.
authors.forename: Dong-Hwa
authors.initials: DH
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.affiliation: Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, Korea.|Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.
authors.forename: Oh
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Tae Jung
authors.affiliation: Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, Korea.|Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.
authors.forename: Kim
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Kyoung Min
authors.affiliation: Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA; and.
authors.forename: Young-Bum
authors.initials: YB
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.affiliation: Lee Gil Ya Cancer and Diabetes Institute, Department of Medicine, Gachon University of Medicine and Science, Incheon, Korea.
authors.forename: Hee-Sook
authors.initials: HS
authors.lastname: Jun
authors.affiliation: Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, Korea.|Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.
authors.forename: Jang
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Hak Chul
authors.affiliation: Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea; kspark@snu.ac.kr.
authors.forename: Kyong Soo
authors.initials: KS
authors.lastname: Park
mesh_terms: D000256:Adenoviridae / Q000235:genetics*; D000818:Animals; D017209:Apoptosis; D020212:Carotid Artery Injuries / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology / Q000628:therapy*; D002342:Carotid Artery, External / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology; D002448:Cell Adhesion; D002465:Cell Movement; D049109:Cell Proliferation; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D023921:Coronary Stenosis / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology / Q000517:prevention & control*; D003920:Diabetes Mellitus / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism / Q000628:therapy*; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D000077270:Exenatide; D018014:Gene Transfer Techniques; D015316:Genetic Therapy; D005822:Genetic Vectors; D052216:Glucagon-Like Peptide 1 / Q000096:biosynthesis* / Q000235:genetics; D061307:Human Umbilical Vein Endothelial Cells / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D007004:Hypoglycemic Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage; D054795:Incretins / Q000008:administration & dosage; D008297:Male; D020778:Matrix Metalloproteinase 2 / Q000378:metabolism; D009131:Muscle, Smooth, Vascular / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D032389:Myocytes, Smooth Muscle / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D058426:Neointima; D010455:Peptides / Q000008:administration & dosage; D020334:Rats, Inbred OLETF; D051996:Transcription Factor RelA / Q000378:metabolism; D014162:Transfection; D014688:Venoms / Q000008:administration & dosage
chemical_list: D007004:Hypoglycemic Agents; D054795:Incretins; D010455:Peptides; C498145:Rela protein, rat; D051996:Transcription Factor RelA; D014688:Venoms; D052216:Glucagon-Like Peptide 1; D000077270:Exenatide; D020778:Matrix Metalloproteinase 2; C522363:Mmp2 protein, rat
keywords: Apoptosis ; Atherosclerosis ; Exenatide ; Glucagon like peptide-1 ; Inflammation ; Neointima