title: Triterpenoids-Enriched Extract from the Aerial Parts of Salvia miltiorrhiza Regulates Macrophage Polarization and Ameliorates Insulin Resistance in High-Fat Fed Mice.
abstract: Adipose tissue inflammation and macrophage polarization are tightly associated with the development of obesity-associated insulin resistance. Our previous studies have demonstrated the triterpenoids-enriched extract from the aerial parts of Salvia miltiorrhiza (TTE) could significantly improve atherosclerosis in LDLR-/-mice. However, its molecular mechanisms of TTE ameliorating insulin resistance remain unclear. In the present study, obesity model with insulin resistance induced by feeding high-fat diet (HFD) was established. Dietary TTE attenuated hyperlipidemia, improved glucose intolerance in mice and mediated the activation of IRS-1/PI3K/Akt insulin signaling pathway. Meanwhile, dietary TTE also attenuated macrophage infiltrations into adipose tissue and modified the phenotype ratio of M1/M2 macrophages. Furthermore, our results showed that TTE regulated the polarization of macrophages partly via adenosine monophosphate-activated kinase (AMPK). Taken together, these findings suggested that TTE has a potential clinical utility in improving insulin resistance. Its mechanisms might be contributed to its beneficial effects on macrophage polarization via AMPK. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Department of Chinese Medicines Analysis, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 211198, China.
authors.forename: Jing
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Leng
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Department of Chinese Medicines Analysis, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 211198, China.
authors.forename: Mei-Hong
authors.initials: MH
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Department of Chinese Medicines Analysis, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 211198, China.
authors.forename: Zhi-Hui
authors.initials: ZH
authors.lastname: Zhou
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Department of Chinese Medicines Analysis, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 211198, China.
authors.forename: Ya-Wen
authors.initials: YW
authors.lastname: Lu
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Department of Chinese Medicines Analysis, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 211198, China.
authors.forename: Xiao-Dong
authors.initials: XD
authors.lastname: Wen
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Department of Chinese Medicines Analysis, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 211198, China.
authors.forename: Jie
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Yang
mesh_terms: D000273:Adipose Tissue / Q000187:drug effects*; D000818:Animals; D059305:Diet, High-Fat; D007249:Inflammation / Q000378:metabolism; D007333:Insulin Resistance; D008264:Macrophages / Q000187:drug effects*; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D008810:Mice, Inbred C57BL; D027561:Salvia miltiorrhiza / Q000737:chemistry*; D014315:Triterpenes / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000494:pharmacology
chemical_list: D014315:Triterpenes
keywords: Salvia miltiorrhiza; adipose tissue; inflammation; insulin resistance; macrophages; triterpenoids