title: Using pedagogical approaches to influence evidence-based practice integration - processes and recommendations: findings from a grounded theory study.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The study aimed to explore the processes undertaken by nurse academics when integrating evidence-based practice (EBP) into their teaching and learning practices. This article focuses on pedagogical approaches employed by academics to influence evidence-based practice integration into undergraduate programs across Australian universities.
  
  
  BACKGROUND
  Nursing academics are challenged to incorporate a variety of teaching and learning strategies to teach evidence-based practice and determine their effectiveness. However, literature suggests that there are limited studies available focusing on pedagogical approaches in evidence-based practice education.
  
  
  METHODS
  A constructivist grounded theory methodology, informed by Charmaz was used for this study.
  
  
  METHODS
  Data were collected during 2014 from 23 nurse academics across Australian universities through semi-structured interviews. Additionally, nine were observed during teaching of undergraduate students. Twenty subject outlines were also analysed following Charmaz's approach of data analysis.
  
  
  RESULTS
  'Influencing EBP integration' describes the pedagogical approaches employed by academics to incorporate EBP knowledge and skills into undergraduate curricula. With the use of various teaching and learning strategies, academics attempted to contextualize EBP by engaging students with activities aiming to link evidence to practice and with the EBP process. Although, some strategies appeared to be engaging, others were traditional and seemed to be disengaging for students due to the challenges experienced by participants that impeded the use of the most effective teaching methods.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Study findings offer valuable insights into the teaching practices and identify some key challenges that require the adoption of appropriate strategies to ensure future nurses are well prepared in the paradigm of evidence-based practice.
authors.affiliation: School of Nursing & Midwifery, Monash University Australia, Clayton, Victoria, 3800, Australia.
authors.forename: Gulzar
authors.identifier: http://orcid.org/0000-0002-1935-1367
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Malik
authors.affiliation: School of Nursing & Midwifery, Monash University Australia, Clayton, Victoria, 3800, Australia.|School of Nursing & Midwifery, University of Queensland, Australia.
authors.forename: Lisa
authors.identifier: http://orcid.org/0000-0002-0437-6449
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: McKenna
authors.affiliation: School of Nursing & Midwifery, Monash University Australia, Clayton, Victoria, 3800, Australia.
authors.forename: Debra
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Griffiths
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001291:Attitude of Health Personnel; D001315:Australia; D003479:Curriculum; D004508:Education, Nursing, Baccalaureate / Q000458:organization & administration*; D055318:Evidence-Based Nursing / Q000193:education* / Q000458:organization & administration*; D005181:Faculty, Nursing / Q000523:psychology*; D005260:Female; D066296:Grounded Theory; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D013663:Teaching / Q000458:organization & administration*
keywords: evidence-based practice; evidence-based practice process; grounded theory; nurse academics; nursing curriculum; pedagogical approaches; teaching strategies; undergraduate curriculum