title: A qualitative study of professional caregivers' perceptions of processes contributing to mealtime agitation in persons with dementia in nursing home wards and strategies to attain calmness.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Describe professional caregivers' perceptions of factors and processes contributing to mealtime agitation and strategies for attaining and maintaining calm mealtimes.
  
  
  METHODS
  Qualitative and descriptive.
  
  
  METHODS
  A convenience sample of professional caregivers working in two wards for residents with dementia was used. Data were collected during two focus-group interviews and supplemented with field notes from six reflection groups. Thematic content analysis was conducted. Data collection occurred from 2010-2011.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Professional caregivers perceived agitation during mealtime as resulting from negative feelings in residents triggered by a lack of or negative social interaction, too much or ambiguous stimuli or demands exceeding residents' capacity. Strategies for attaining calm mealtimes involved thorough planning beforehand. During mealtime, professional caregivers focused on establishing a positive community around the table, helping residents focus on eating and continuously observing residents for subtle signals indicating that agitation was about to develop. The prerequisites to succeed with the strategies were knowledge of the residents' preferences and abilities, knowledge sharing within the team and awareness of one's own communication style. Thus, the professional caregivers operationalized person-centred care in a mealtime context.
authors.affiliation: Lovisenberg Diaconal University College Oslo Norway.
authors.forename: Ådel
authors.initials: Å
authors.lastname: Bergland
authors.affiliation: Diakonhjemmet University College Oslo Norway.
authors.forename: Hilde
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Johansen
authors.affiliation: Lovisenberg Diaconal University College Oslo Norway.
authors.forename: Gerd Sylvi
authors.initials: GS
authors.lastname: Sellevold
keywords: Agitation; dementia; mealtime; nursing homes; professional caregivers' perspective