title: Tadpole-shaped lateralized parietal atretic cephalocele associated with an ipsilateral lacrimal gland fistula and schizencephalic clefts.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Parietal atretic cephalocele (AC) and its associated intracranial venous anomalies, such as vertical embryonic positioning of the straight sinus (VEP of SS), have, in previous reports, been exclusively restricted to the midline.
  
  
  METHODS
  We report a patient with lateralized parietal AC on the right side. The AC was in the shape of a tadpole, with a large head and a long tail, extending to the proximity of the right external canthus, where a lacrimal gland fistula was observed. The superior sagittal sinus and VEP of SS were also displaced to the right side, although the sagittal suture was located at the midline. Schizencephalic clefts in the right posterior cortex were also observed.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The parietal AC, which was initially located in the midline, could conceivably have been displaced to the right side by other developmental processes. However, the relationship between lateralized AC and associated multiple anomalies on the ipsilateral side is difficult to explain monogenetically. Our case study indicates that AC might have a broader spectrum of clinical symptoms than was once thought to be the case.
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurosurgery, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, 3-1-1 Maidashi, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka, 812-8582, Japan. murakami.n@fcho.jp.|Department of Neurosurgery, Fukuoka Children's Hospital, Fukuoka, Japan. murakami.n@fcho.jp.
authors.forename: Nobuya
authors.identifier: http://orcid.org/0000-0002-6177-1680
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Murakami
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurosurgery, Fukuoka Children's Hospital, Fukuoka, Japan.
authors.forename: Takato
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Morioka
authors.affiliation: Department of Neuropathology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan.
authors.forename: Satoshi O
authors.initials: SO
authors.lastname: Suzuki
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurosurgery, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, 3-1-1 Maidashi, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka, 812-8582, Japan.
authors.forename: Nobutaka
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Mukae
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurosurgery, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, 3-1-1 Maidashi, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka, 812-8582, Japan.
authors.forename: Kimiaki
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Hashiguchi
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurosurgery, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, 3-1-1 Maidashi, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka, 812-8582, Japan.
authors.forename: Koji
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Iihara
mesh_terms: D004677:Encephalocele / Q000150:complications* / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000601:surgery; D005260:Female; D005402:Fistula / Q000473:pathology*; D006801:Humans; D021621:Imaging, Three-Dimensional; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D007765:Lacrimal Apparatus / Q000473:pathology*; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging; D065707:Schizencephaly / Q000150:complications* / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000601:surgery; D015898:Tomography Scanners, X-Ray Computed; D054079:Vascular Malformations / Q000150:complications* / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000601:surgery
keywords: External canthus; Falcine sinus; Internal cerebral vein; Intracranial anomaly; Spoiled gradient-echo