title: Glial markers and emotional memory in rats following acute cerebral radiofrequency exposures.
abstract: The widespread mobile phone use raises concerns on the possible cerebral effects of radiofrequency electromagnetic fields (RF EMF). Reactive astrogliosis was reported in neuroanatomical structures of adaptive behaviors after a single RF EMF exposure at high specific absorption rate (SAR, 6 W/kg). Here, we aimed to assess if neuronal injury and functional impairments were related to high SAR-induced astrogliosis. In addition, the level of beta amyloid 1-40 (Aβ 1-40) peptide was explored as a possible toxicity marker. Sprague Dawley male rats were exposed for 15 min at 0, 1.5, or 6 W/kg or for 45 min at 6 W/kg. Memory, emotionality, and locomotion were tested in the fear conditioning, the elevated plus maze, and the open field. Glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP, total and cytosolic fractions), myelin basic protein (MBP), and Aβ1-40 were quantified in six brain areas using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. According to our data, total GFAP was increased in the striatum (+114 %) at 1.5 W/kg. Long-term memory was reduced, and cytosolic GFAP was increased in the hippocampus (+119 %) and in the olfactory bulb (+46 %) at 6 W/kg (15 min). No MBP or Aβ1-40 expression modification was shown. Our data corroborates previous studies indicating RF EMF-induced astrogliosis. This study suggests that RF EMF-induced astrogliosis had functional consequences on memory but did not demonstrate that it was secondary to neuronal damage.
authors.affiliation: Institut national de l'environnement industriel et des risques (INERIS), Unité de Toxicologie Expérimentale, Parc Technologique ALATA, BP no. 2, 60550, Verneuil-en-Halatte, France.|Institut des Neurosciences Cellulaires et Intégratives, CNRS UPR 3212, 5 rue Blaise Pascal, 67084, Strasbourg, France.
authors.forename: Amélie
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Barthélémy
authors.affiliation: Institut national de l'environnement industriel et des risques (INERIS), Unité de Toxicologie Expérimentale, Parc Technologique ALATA, BP no. 2, 60550, Verneuil-en-Halatte, France.|Institut des Maladies Neurodégénératives CNRS UMR5293 Université de Bordeaux, 146 rue Léo Saignat, 33076, Bordeaux, France.
authors.forename: Amandine
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Mouchard
authors.affiliation: Institut national de l'environnement industriel et des risques (INERIS), Unité de Toxicologie Expérimentale, Parc Technologique ALATA, BP no. 2, 60550, Verneuil-en-Halatte, France.|Campus des sciences et technologies, Université Saint-Joseph, Dekwaneh, Mar Roukos, Lebanon.
authors.forename: Marc
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Bouji
authors.affiliation: Institut national de l'environnement industriel et des risques (INERIS), Unité de Toxicologie Expérimentale, Parc Technologique ALATA, BP no. 2, 60550, Verneuil-en-Halatte, France.|Unité mixte PERITOX EA 4285-UM INERIS 01 Laboratoire Périnatalité et risques toxicologiques CHU Amiens-Picardie Hôpital, Sud Avenue Laënnec, 80 480, Salouël, France.
authors.forename: Kelly
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Blazy
authors.affiliation: Institut national de l'environnement industriel et des risques (INERIS), Unité de Toxicologie Expérimentale, Parc Technologique ALATA, BP no. 2, 60550, Verneuil-en-Halatte, France.|Sous-direction de la police technique et scientifique, 31 Avenue Franklin Roosevelt, 69130, Ecully, France.
authors.forename: Renaud
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Puigsegur
authors.affiliation: Institut national de l'environnement industriel et des risques (INERIS), Unité de Toxicologie Expérimentale, Parc Technologique ALATA, BP no. 2, 60550, Verneuil-en-Halatte, France. anne-sophie.villegier@ineris.fr.|Unité mixte PERITOX EA 4285-UM INERIS 01 Laboratoire Périnatalité et risques toxicologiques CHU Amiens-Picardie Hôpital, Sud Avenue Laënnec, 80 480, Salouël, France. anne-sophie.villegier@ineris.fr.
authors.forename: Anne-Sophie
authors.identifier: http://orcid.org/0000-0002-6165-7167
authors.initials: AS
authors.lastname: Villégier
mesh_terms: D016229:Amyloid beta-Peptides; D000818:Animals; D001522:Behavior, Animal / Q000528:radiation effects; D015415:Biomarkers; D001921:Brain / Q000378:metabolism / Q000528:radiation effects*; D040421:Cell Phone; D004574:Electromagnetic Fields; D004644:Emotions / Q000528:radiation effects; D005786:Gene Expression Regulation / Q000187:drug effects; D005904:Glial Fibrillary Acidic Protein / Q000378:metabolism; D006624:Hippocampus; D008297:Male; D008568:Memory / Q000528:radiation effects*; D010446:Peptide Fragments; D011846:Radio Waves / Q000009:adverse effects*; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley
chemical_list: D016229:Amyloid beta-Peptides; D015415:Biomarkers; D005904:Glial Fibrillary Acidic Protein; D010446:Peptide Fragments; C078592:amyloid beta-protein (1-40)
keywords: Astrogliosis; Beta amyloid 1–40; Electromagnetic fields; Elevated plus maze; Fear conditioning; Glial fibrillary acidic protein; Myelin basic protein; Open field