title: Formulation Development and Optimization of Matrix Tablet of Tramadol Hydrochloride.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The aim of the present investigation is to formulate and optimize oral sustained release matrix tablet of highly water soluble drug Tramadol HCl and to evaluate the effect of varying concentration of hydrophilic and hydrophobic polymer on drug release, based on a survey done on the recent patents of Tramadol HCl (US7374781, CA 2479252) and sustained release matrix tablets.
  
  
  METHODS
  The tablets were prepared by double granulation process, by melt granulation and wet granulation technique using Carnauba wax (CW) and HPMC K100 as release retardant.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Pre and post compression factors were evaluated and all the parameters were found within the limit. The drug release data were subjected to different models in order to evaluate release kinetics and mechanism of drug release. The prepared formulations showed drug release in the range 100±2% in 6hrs, 7hrs, 8hrs and 9hrs and upto 12 hrs respectively. The optimized tablet having 25% CW and 20% HPMC showed sustained drug release pattern. Hydrophilic matrix of HPMC alone could not control the Tramadol release effectively for 12 h whereas when combined with CW could slow down the release of drug and can be successfully employed for formulating sustained-release matrix tablets. Similarity factor, f2 shows the test and reference profile are identical.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Double granulation technique with CW and HPMC K100 proved as a better technique for sustaining the drug release from the matrix tablet.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Pharmacy, Gauhati Medical College - Dept. of Pharmaceutics, Guwahati, Assam, India.
authors.forename: Pulak
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Deb
authors.affiliation: Girijananda Chowdhury Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guwahati-781017 - Pharmaceutics Guwahati, Assam, India.
authors.forename: Jubaraj
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Singha
authors.affiliation: Girijananda Chowdhury Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guwahati-781017, India - Pharmaceutics, Guwahati, Assam, India.
authors.forename: Indranil
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Chanda
authors.affiliation: Bengal College of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research Pharmaceutics, West Bengal, India.
authors.forename: Prithviraj
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Chakraborty
mesh_terms: D002626:Chemistry, Pharmaceutical; D003692:Delayed-Action Preparations; D008747:Methylcellulose; D010330:Patents as Topic; D012995:Solubility; D013607:Tablets; D014147:Tramadol / Q000737:chemistry*
chemical_list: D003692:Delayed-Action Preparations; D013607:Tablets; D014147:Tramadol; D008747:Methylcellulose
keywords: CW; DSC; FT-IR; HPMC; Tramadol HCl; matrix tablet