title: Interactions Between Antigens and Nanoemulsion Adjuvants: Separation and Characterization Techniques.
abstract: Determining the association of vaccine components in a formulation is of interest for designing and optimizing well characterized vaccines. Three methods are described to assess interactions between protein antigens and oil-in-water nanoemulsion adjuvants. The methods include (1) ultracentrifugation to measure free versus adjuvant-associated protein, (2) size exclusion chromatography (SEC) to qualitatively assess existing interactions, and (3) Native PAGE as a means to visualize the formulation run in its native state on a polyacrylamide gel. As with many techniques, the methods alone are not definitive, but data from multiple orthogonal assays can provide a more complete picture of protein-adjuvant interactions.
authors.affiliation: IDRI, 1616 Eastlake Avenue East, Seattle, WA, 98102, USA.
authors.forename: Michelle Y
authors.initials: MY
authors.lastname: Chan
authors.affiliation: IDRI, 1616 Eastlake Avenue East, Seattle, WA, 98102, USA.
authors.forename: Dawn M
authors.initials: DM
authors.lastname: Fedor
authors.affiliation: IDRI, 1616 Eastlake Avenue East, Seattle, WA, 98102, USA.
authors.forename: Tony
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Phan
authors.affiliation: IDRI, 1616 Eastlake Avenue East, Seattle, WA, 98102, USA.
authors.forename: Lucien Barnes
authors.initials: LB
authors.lastname: V
authors.affiliation: IDRI, 1616 Eastlake Avenue East, Seattle, WA, 98102, USA. Ryan.Kramer@idri.org.
authors.forename: Ryan M
authors.initials: RM
authors.lastname: Kramer
mesh_terms: D000276:Adjuvants, Immunologic / Q000737:chemistry*; D000941:Antigens / Q000737:chemistry*; D002850:Chromatography, Gel / Q000379:methods*; D004591:Electrophoresis, Polyacrylamide Gel / Q000379:methods*; D004655:Emulsions; D011506:Proteins / Q000737:chemistry*
chemical_list: D000276:Adjuvants, Immunologic; D000941:Antigens; D004655:Emulsions; D011506:Proteins
keywords: Adjuvant; Antigen; Association; Interactions; Nanoemulsion; Separation