title: The Influenza A Virus Non-structural Protein NS1 Upregulates The Expression of Collagen Triple Helix Repeat Containing 1 Protein.
abstract: Influenza A virus (IAV) infection induces a strong immune response and regulates the expression of many host proteins. The collagen triple helix repeat containing 1 (CTHRC1) protein is a secreted protein that exhibits increased expression during the viral infection process. However, the regulatory function of IAV on CTHRC1 expression is obscure. In this study, we investigated the effect of IAV on CTHRC1 expression and its regulatory mechanism. A total of 106 serum specimens from healthy people and 80 serum specimens from patients infected with IAV were collected. The CTHRC1 levels in the sera from the IVA patients and healthy individuals were measured using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), and the differences were statistically analysed. A549 cells were infected with the IAV or delNS1 virus. Additionally, A549 cells were cotransfected with a eukaryotic non-structural NS1 protein gene expression plasmid and the CTHRC1 gene promoter reporter plasmid (pCTHRC1-Luc), and, the luciferase activities were assessed. The CTHRC1 mRNA and protein expression were detected using reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and Western blotting, respectively. The serum CTHRC1 level was significantly higher in the IAV patients than in the healthy individuals. IAV upregulated the CTHRC1 mRNA and protein expression. The non-structural NS1 protein specifically activated CTHRC1 gene promoter activity and upregulated CTHRC1 mRNA and protein expression. The activation function had a dose-dependent effect, indicating that influenza virus upregulated CTHRC1 expression through its NS1 protein.
authors.affiliation: The State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China.|Department of Clinical Laboratory, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, China.
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Zhu
authors.affiliation: The State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China.
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Peng
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical Laboratory, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, China.
authors.forename: W
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Yi
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical Laboratory, Gongli Hospital, Second Military Medicine University, Shanghai, China.
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Song
authors.affiliation: The State Key Laboratory of Virology, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, China.
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical Laboratory, Gongli Hospital, Second Military Medicine University, Shanghai, China.
authors.forename: X
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Liu
mesh_terms: D000072283:A549 Cells; D016326:Extracellular Matrix Proteins / Q000097:blood / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D017930:Genes, Reporter; D054884:Host-Pathogen Interactions; D006801:Humans; D009980:Influenza A virus / Q000276:immunology*; D007251:Influenza, Human / Q000276:immunology*; D011401:Promoter Regions, Genetic; D015533:Transcriptional Activation; D015854:Up-Regulation; D017361:Viral Nonstructural Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: C502426:CTHRC1 protein, human; D016326:Extracellular Matrix Proteins; C085820:INS1 protein, influenza virus; D017361:Viral Nonstructural Proteins