title: Postharvest biocontrol ability of killer yeasts against Monilinia fructigena and Monilinia fructicola on stone fruit.
abstract: The antagonistic effects of Debaryomyces hansenii KI2a, D. hansenii MI1a and Wickerhamomyces anomalus BS91 were tested against Monilinia fructigena and Monilinia fructicola in in vitro and in vivo trials. All yeast strains demonstrated antifungal activity at different levels depending on species, strain and pathogen. D hansenii KI2a and W. anomalus BS91 showed the highest biocontrol activity in vitro; the production of hydrolytic enzymes, killer toxins and volatile organic compounds (VOCs) were hypothesized as their main mechanisms of action against pathogens. D hansenii KI2a and W. anomalus BS91 significantly reduced brown rot incidence and severity on peach and plum fruits artificially inoculated with M. fructigena and M. fructicola, especially when applied 24 h before pathogen inoculation. On the opposite, D. hansenii MI1a exhibited weak antagonistic activity towards M. fructigena on peach and plum fruits and was ineffective against M. fructicola. The noticeable ability of W. anomalus BS91 to control brown rot could be also correlated with its high capacity to colonize the wound tissue and to increase its population density. Accordingly, the antagonistic strains of D. hansenii and W. anomalus could be proposed as active ingredients for the development of biofungicides against Monilinia species that are responsible for considerable economic losses in stone fruit crops.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biotechnology and Food Microbiology, Wrocław University of Environmental and Life Sciences, ul. Chełmońskiego 37/41, 51-630 Wrocław, Poland.
authors.forename: Monika
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Grzegorczyk
authors.affiliation: Department of Biotechnology and Food Microbiology, Wrocław University of Environmental and Life Sciences, ul. Chełmońskiego 37/41, 51-630 Wrocław, Poland.
authors.forename: Barbara
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Żarowska
authors.affiliation: Department of Agriculture, Food and Environment (Di3A), University of Catania, via Santa Sofia 100, 95123 Catania, Italy. Electronic address: crestu@unict.it.
authors.forename: Cristina
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Restuccia
authors.affiliation: Department of Agriculture, Food and Environment (Di3A), University of Catania, via Santa Sofia 100, 95123 Catania, Italy.
authors.forename: Gabriella
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Cirvilleri
mesh_terms: D000898:Antibiosis; D001203:Ascomycota / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology*; D061046:Biological Control Agents / Q000737:chemistry; D002175:Candida / Q000737:chemistry / Q000502:physiology*; D005516:Food Microbiology; D005638:Fruit / Q000382:microbiology*; D055646:Killer Factors, Yeast / Q000378:metabolism*; D010935:Plant Diseases / Q000382:microbiology / Q000517:prevention & control*; D027861:Prunus / Q000382:microbiology*; D000068242:Prunus domestica / Q000382:microbiology; D012441:Saccharomyces cerevisiae / Q000737:chemistry / Q000502:physiology*; D055549:Volatile Organic Compounds / Q000494:pharmacology
chemical_list: D061046:Biological Control Agents; D055646:Killer Factors, Yeast; D055549:Volatile Organic Compounds
keywords: Brown rot; Debaryomyces hansenii; Peach; Plum; Wickerhamomyces anomalus