title: Graphene quantum dots conjugated with polymers for two-photon properties under two-photon excitation.
abstract: Few studies have investigated the two-photon properties of graphene quantum dots (GQDs) and GQD-conjugated polymers. The results of the present study revealed that conjugated polymers containing nitrogen and sulfur atoms caused higher quantum confinement of emissive energy to be trapped on the surface of nanomaterials, resulting in a high-photoluminescence quantum yield and notable two-photon properties. Additionally, the nanomaterials generated no reactive oxygen species-dependent oxidative stress on cells and served as promising two-photon contrast probes.
authors.affiliation: Advanced Optoelectronic Technology, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 701, Taiwan, R.O.C. wenshuokuo@mail.ncku.edu.tw and Allergy & Clinical Immunology Research Center, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 701, Taiwan, R.O.C. wenshuokuo@mail.ncku.edu.tw a122@mail.ncku.edu.tw and Center for Micro/Nano Science and Technology, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 701, Taiwan, R.O.C. wenshuokuo@mail.ncku.edu.tw and College of Photonics, National Chiao Tung University, Tainan 711, Taiwan, R.O.C.
authors.forename: Wen-Shuo
authors.initials: WS
authors.lastname: Kuo
authors.affiliation: Department of Microbiology & Immunology, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 701, Taiwan, R.O.C. a122@mail.ncku.edu.tw.
authors.forename: Chih-Li Lilian
authors.initials: CL
authors.lastname: Hsu
authors.affiliation: Department of Food Science, National Penghu University of Science and Technology, Penghu 880, Taiwan, R.O.C.
authors.forename: Hua-Han
authors.initials: HH
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.affiliation: Center for Micro/Nano Science and Technology, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 701, Taiwan, R.O.C. wenshuokuo@mail.ncku.edu.tw and College of Photonics, National Chiao Tung University, Tainan 711, Taiwan, R.O.C.
authors.forename: Chia-Yuan
authors.initials: CY
authors.lastname: Chang
authors.affiliation: Department of Nursing, National Tainan Junior College of Nursing, Tainan 700, Taiwan, R.O.C.
authors.forename: Hui-Fang
authors.initials: HF
authors.lastname: Kao
authors.affiliation: Center for Micro/Nano Science and Technology, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 701, Taiwan, R.O.C. wenshuokuo@mail.ncku.edu.tw.
authors.forename: Lawrence Chao-Shan
authors.initials: LC
authors.lastname: Chou
authors.affiliation: Department of Physics, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 701, Taiwan, R.O.C.
authors.forename: Yi-Chun
authors.identifier: http://orcid.org/0000-0001-9435-8596
authors.initials: YC
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.affiliation: Advanced Optoelectronic Technology, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 701, Taiwan, R.O.C. wenshuokuo@mail.ncku.edu.tw and College of Photonics, National Chiao Tung University, Tainan 711, Taiwan, R.O.C.
authors.forename: Shean-Jen
authors.initials: SJ
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.affiliation: Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 701, Taiwan, R.O.C. a122@mail.ncku.edu.tw.
authors.forename: Wen-Tsan
authors.initials: WT
authors.lastname: Chang
authors.affiliation: Center for Micro/Nano Science and Technology, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 701, Taiwan, R.O.C. wenshuokuo@mail.ncku.edu.tw.
authors.forename: Shih-Wen
authors.initials: SW
authors.lastname: Tseng
authors.affiliation: Allergy & Clinical Immunology Research Center, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 701, Taiwan, R.O.C. wenshuokuo@mail.ncku.edu.tw a122@mail.ncku.edu.tw and Department of Microbiology & Immunology, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 701, Taiwan, R.O.C. a122@mail.ncku.edu.tw and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 701, Taiwan, R.O.C. a122@mail.ncku.edu.tw.
authors.forename: Jiu-Yao
authors.initials: JY
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: Department of Materials Science, National University of Tainan, Tainan 700, Taiwan, R.O.C. ycpu@mail.nutn.edu.tw.
authors.forename: Ying-Chih
authors.initials: YC
authors.lastname: Pu