title: Law enforcement attitudes towards naloxone following opioid overdose training.
abstract: Opioid intoxication and overdoses are life-threatening emergencies requiring rapid treatment. One response to this has been to train law enforcement to detect the signs of an opioid overdose and train them to administer naloxone to reverse the effects. Although not a new concept, few studies have attempted to examine this policy.
  
  
  
  At 4 different locations in Indiana, law enforcement personnel were trained to detect the signs of an opioid-related overdose and how to administer naloxone to reverse the effects of the overdose. Pre and post surveys were administered at each location (N = 97). To examine changes in attitudes following training, the authors included items from the Opioid Overdose Attitudes Scale (OOAS), which measures respondents' competency, concerns, and readiness to administer naloxone.
  
  
  
  Among the full sample, naloxone training resulted in significant increases in competency, concerns, and readiness. Examining changes in attitudes by each location revealed that the training had the greatest effect on competency to administer naloxone and in easing concerns that law enforcement personal might have in administering naloxone.
  
  
  
  This study adds to others in showing that law enforcement personnel are receptive to naloxone training and that the OOAS is able to capture these attitudes. This study advances this literature by examining pre-post changes across multiple locations. As the distribution of naloxone continues to proliferate, this study and the OOAS may be valuable towards the development of an evidence-based training model for law enforcement.
authors.affiliation: a Department of Advanced Practice Nursing , Indiana State University , Terre Haute , Indiana , USA.
authors.forename: Donna
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Purviance
authors.affiliation: b School of Public and Environmental Affairs , Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis , Indianapolis , Indiana , USA.|c School of Public and Environmental Affairs , Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis , Indianapolis , Indiana , USA.
authors.forename: Bradley
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Ray
authors.affiliation: b School of Public and Environmental Affairs , Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis , Indianapolis , Indiana , USA.
authors.forename: Abigail
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Tracy
authors.affiliation: a Department of Advanced Practice Nursing , Indiana State University , Terre Haute , Indiana , USA.
authors.forename: Erik
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Southard
mesh_terms: D000701:Analgesics, Opioid / Q000633:toxicity; D062787:Drug Overdose / Q000188:drug therapy*; D007722:Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice; D006801:Humans; D009270:Naloxone / Q000627:therapeutic use; D009292:Narcotic Antagonists / Q000627:therapeutic use; D016495:Police / Q000193:education*
chemical_list: D000701:Analgesics, Opioid; D009292:Narcotic Antagonists; D009270:Naloxone
keywords: Law enforcement; opioid; overdose; naloxone; police; opioid overdose attitudes scale (OOAS)