title: The Evolutionary Origin and Genetic Makeup of Domestic Horses.
abstract: The horse was domesticated only 5.5 KYA, thousands of years after dogs, cattle, pigs, sheep, and goats. The horse nonetheless represents the domestic animal that most impacted human history; providing us with rapid transportation, which has considerably changed the speed and magnitude of the circulation of goods and people, as well as their cultures and diseases. By revolutionizing warfare and agriculture, horses also deeply influenced the politico-economic trajectory of human societies. Reciprocally, human activities have circled back on the recent evolution of the horse, by creating hundreds of domestic breeds through selective programs, while leading all wild populations to near extinction. Despite being tightly associated with humans, several aspects in the evolution of the domestic horse remain controversial. Here, we review recent advances in comparative genomics and paleogenomics that helped advance our understanding of the genetic foundation of domestic horses.
authors.affiliation: Centre for GeoGenetics, Natural History Museum of Denmark, University of Copenhagen, 1350K, Denmark.
authors.forename: Pablo
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Librado
authors.affiliation: Centre for GeoGenetics, Natural History Museum of Denmark, University of Copenhagen, 1350K, Denmark Laboratoire Anthropobiologie Moléculaire et d'Imagerie de Synthèse, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique UMR 5288, Université Paul Sabatier (Toulouse III), 31000 Toulouse, France.
authors.forename: Antoine
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Fages
authors.affiliation: Centre for GeoGenetics, Natural History Museum of Denmark, University of Copenhagen, 1350K, Denmark.
authors.forename: Charleen
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Gaunitz
authors.affiliation: Centre for GeoGenetics, Natural History Museum of Denmark, University of Copenhagen, 1350K, Denmark.
authors.forename: Michela
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Leonardi
authors.affiliation: Centre for GeoGenetics, Natural History Museum of Denmark, University of Copenhagen, 1350K, Denmark Biodiversité Gènes et Communautés UMR1202, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, F-33610 Cestas, France Biodiversité Gènes et Communautés UMR1202, Université de Bordeaux, F-33170 Talence, France.
authors.forename: Stefanie
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Wagner
authors.affiliation: Centre for GeoGenetics, Natural History Museum of Denmark, University of Copenhagen, 1350K, Denmark Department of Biotechnology, Abdul Wali Khan University, Mardan, Pakistan.
authors.forename: Naveed
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Khan
authors.affiliation: Centre for GeoGenetics, Natural History Museum of Denmark, University of Copenhagen, 1350K, Denmark Laboratoire Anthropobiologie Moléculaire et d'Imagerie de Synthèse, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique UMR 5288, Université Paul Sabatier (Toulouse III), 31000 Toulouse, France.
authors.forename: Kristian
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Hanghøj
authors.affiliation: Zoology Department, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia.
authors.forename: Saleh A
authors.initials: SA
authors.lastname: Alquraishi
authors.affiliation: Zoology Department, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia.
authors.forename: Ahmed H
authors.initials: AH
authors.lastname: Alfarhan
authors.affiliation: Zoology Department, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia.
authors.forename: Khaled A
authors.initials: KA
authors.lastname: Al-Rasheid
authors.affiliation: Centre for GeoGenetics, Natural History Museum of Denmark, University of Copenhagen, 1350K, Denmark.
authors.forename: Clio
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Der Sarkissian
authors.affiliation: Centre for GeoGenetics, Natural History Museum of Denmark, University of Copenhagen, 1350K, Denmark.
authors.forename: Mikkel
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Schubert
authors.affiliation: Centre for GeoGenetics, Natural History Museum of Denmark, University of Copenhagen, 1350K, Denmark Laboratoire Anthropobiologie Moléculaire et d'Imagerie de Synthèse, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique UMR 5288, Université Paul Sabatier (Toulouse III), 31000 Toulouse, France Lorlando@snm.ku.dk.
authors.forename: Ludovic
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Orlando
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000829:Animals, Domestic / Q000235:genetics*; D005075:Biological Evolution; D002417:Cattle; D004285:Dogs; D006736:Horses / Q000235:genetics*; D006801:Humans; D000068618:Selective Breeding / Q000235:genetics*