title: A Clinical Quality Improvement (CQI) Project to Improve Pain After Laparoscopic Ventral Hernia Repair.
abstract: Patients who undergo laparoscopic ventral hernia repair can have significant post-operative pain and discomfort from both somatic pain due to mesh fixation and visceral pain due to CO2 insufflation pressure. In an attempt to improve outcomes, a Clinical Quality Improvement (CQI) project was implemented by a multi-disciplinary hernia team. CQI tools were applied for consecutive patients who underwent laparoscopic ventral hernia repair from June 2012 through September 2015 (39 months). Initiatives for improved patient outcomes during this period included the administration of a transversus abdominis plane (TAP) block and/or an intra-operative block with long-acting local anesthetic first, and then a low pressure pneumoperitoneum (LPP) system was implemented later in the project. One-hundred-twenty patients who underwent a laparoscopic ventral/incisional hernia repair were included in the analysis. Fifty-three patients had no block and had conventional insufflation at 15 mmHg (No Block-No LPP group). Outcomes for this group included a median time in the Post-Anesthesia Care Unit (PACU) of 126 minutes, a median length of stay of 4.0 days, a median use of opioid morphine equivalents (MEQ) in the PACU of 10.0, and a total use of opioid MEQ for the entire hospital stay of 100.0. Thirty-seven patients had blocks with a long-acting local anesthetic and conventional insufflation at 15 mmHg (Block only group). Outcomes for this group showed improvement for all outcomes, but none were statistically significant. Thirty patients had blocks with a long-acting local anesthetic and a low pressure pneumoperitoneum system with a standard pressure of 8 mmHg. Outcomes for this group included a median time in PACU of 83.6 minutes, a median length of stay of 1.5 days, a median amount of opioid use in the PACU of 5.0 MEQ, and a median use of opioid use for the entire hospital stay of 26.0 MEQ. All of these outcomes were statistically significant improvements compared with the No Block-No LPP and Block only groups. Implementation of a CQI program, including long-acting local anesthetic blocks and a low pressure pneumoperitoneum system as part of a multi-modal pain strategy for patients who underwent laparoscopic ventral hernia repair, was associated with decreased PACU time, decreased length of stay, and less opioid use in the PACU and for the entire hospital stay.
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, University of Tennessee Graduate School of Medicine, Knoxville, Tennessee.
authors.forename: Bruce
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Ramshaw
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, University of Tennessee Graduate School of Medicine, Knoxville, Tennessee.
authors.forename: Brandie
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Forman
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, University of Tennessee Graduate School of Medicine, Knoxville, Tennessee.
authors.forename: Eric
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Heidel
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery Halifax Health Daytona Beach, Florida.
authors.forename: Jonathan
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Dean
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery Halifax Health Daytona Beach, Florida.
authors.forename: Andrew
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Gamenthaler
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery Halifax Health Daytona Beach, Florida.
authors.forename: Michael
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Fabian
mesh_terms: D006555:Hernia, Ventral; D059685:Herniorrhaphy / Q000009:adverse effects*; D006801:Humans; D010535:Laparoscopy; D009407:Nerve Block; D010149:Postoperative Pain / Q000517:prevention & control / Q000628:therapy*; D011027:Pneumoperitoneum; D058996:Quality Improvement