title: Analysis of alternatives for using cable bolts as primary support at two low-seam coal mines.
abstract: Cable bolts are sometimes used in low-seam coal mines to provide support in difficult ground conditions. This paper describes cable bolting solutions at two low-seam coal mines in similar ground conditions. Both mines used support systems incorporating cable bolts as part of the primary support system. Two original cable bolt based support systems as well as two modified systems are evaluated to estimate their ability to prevent large roof falls. One of the support systems incorporated passive cable bolts, while the other used pre-tensioned cable bolts. The results and experience at the mines showed that the modified systems provided improved stability over the original support systems. The presence of the cable bolts is the most important contribution to stability against large roof falls, rather than the details of the support pattern. It was also found that a heavy steel channel can improve the safety of the system because of the 'sling' action it provides. Additionally, the analysis showed that fully-grouted rebar bolts load much earlier than the cable bolts, and pre-tensioning of the cable bolts can result in a more uniform distribution of loading in the roof.
authors.affiliation: Office of Mine Safety and Health Research, NIOSH, Pittsburgh, PA 15236, USA.
authors.forename: Gabriel S
authors.initials: GS
authors.lastname: Esterhuizen
authors.affiliation: Office of Mine Safety and Health Research, NIOSH, Pittsburgh, PA 15236, USA.
authors.forename: Ihsan B
authors.initials: IB
authors.lastname: Tulu
keywords: Cable bolt; Coal mining; Numerical modeling; Roof support