title: A Comparison of Bone Resorption Over Time: An Analysis of the Free Scapular, Iliac Crest, and Fibular Microvascular Flaps in Mandibular Reconstruction.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The aim of the present study was to compare the resorption of the bone in the free scapular, free iliac crest, and free fibular microvascular flaps in mandibular reconstruction over time.
  
  
  METHODS
  In the present retrospective study, we analyzed 186 consecutive patients with scapular, fibular, or deep circumflex iliac artery (DCIA) osseous free microvascular flaps in mandibular reconstruction. We followed up the patients clinically and using multislice computed tomography (MSCT) with volume analyses of the bone. The volume of the bone was analyzed against time.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A total of 38 patients fulfilled the study criteria. Resorption of the osseous flaps was found to continue for several years. At 2 years, the volume loss was 14% for the scapula, 3% for the DCIA, and 1% for the fibula. Three-dimensional (3D) volume analysis of the MSCT scans showed more resorption than 2-dimensional analyses of the radiographs. Postoperative radiation therapy, patient age, and patient gender did not correlate with bone resorption.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  After microvascular mandibular reconstruction, the volume reduction over time is the least in the fibula and the greatest in scapula, with that of the DCIA in between. The volume reduction continues for several years in all of these. For assessment of the volume reduction of osseal reconstruction, a 3D volume analysis is more reliable than height by width measurements.
authors.affiliation: Senior Consultant, Departments of Plastic Surgery and Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Helsinki University Hospital, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland. Electronic address: tommy.wilkman@hus.fi.
authors.forename: Tommy
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Wilkman
authors.affiliation: Senior Consultant, Department of Radiology and HUS Medical Imaging Center, Helsinki University Hospital, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.
authors.forename: Satu
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Apajalahti
authors.affiliation: Senior Consultant, Divisions of Intensive Care Medicine and Anaesthesiology, Helsinki University Hospital, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.
authors.forename: Erika
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Wilkman
authors.affiliation: Head of Department, Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Helsinki University Hospital, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.
authors.forename: Jyrki
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Törnwall
authors.affiliation: Head of Department, Department of Plastic Surgery, Helsinki University Hospital, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.
authors.forename: Patrik
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Lassus
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D001862:Bone Resorption; D016025:Bone Transplantation / Q000379:methods*; D005260:Female; D005360:Fibula / Q000637:transplantation*; D058752:Free Tissue Flaps / Q000098:blood supply*; D006801:Humans; D007085:Ilium / Q000637:transplantation*; D008297:Male; D008339:Mandibular Neoplasms / Q000601:surgery*; D063175:Mandibular Reconstruction / Q000379:methods*; D008875:Middle Aged; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012540:Scapula / Q000637:transplantation*; D014057:Tomography, X-Ray Computed; D016896:Treatment Outcome