title: Modeling and Elucidation of the Kinetics of Multiple Consecutive Photoreactions AB4(4Φ) With Φ-order Kinetics. Application to the Photodegradation of Riboflavin.
abstract: New semi-empirical rate-law system of equations is proposed for the first time for consecutive photoreactions that involve up to 4 photoreaction steps, AB4(4Φ). The equation system was developed, tested, and validated against synthetic kinetic traces generated by fifth-order Runge-Kutta calculations. The model accurately fitted the kinetic traces of Riboflavin photodegradation in ethanol which decomposes via the AB2(2Φ) mechanism involving 2 consecutive photoreaction steps. A kinetic elucidation methodology useful for consecutive photoreactions was also proposed to determine all the kinetic parameters and reaction attributes defining AB2(2Φ) reactions. The quantum yields of photodegradation, determined for wavelengths in the visible region 400-480 nm, ranged from 0.005 to 0.00756 and 0.0012 to 8 10-5for the first and second photoreaction steps, respectively. They were found to increase with wavelength in defined sigmoid functions. For this monochromatic irradiation range, riboflavin proved to be a useful actinometer. Finally, a photodegradation scale based on pseudo-rate-constant values was also proposed for drugs. This scale (including 4 groups) is thought to contribute to rationalizing photodegradation testing and might prove useful in categorizing drugs' photodegradation reactivity.
authors.affiliation: Leicester School of Pharmacy, De Montfort University, Leicester LE1 9BH, UK. Electronic address: mmaafi@dmu.ac.uk.
authors.forename: Mounir
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Maafi
authors.affiliation: Leicester School of Pharmacy, De Montfort University, Leicester LE1 9BH, UK.
authors.forename: Wassila
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Maafi
mesh_terms: D002626:Chemistry, Pharmaceutical / Q000379:methods*; D007700:Kinetics; D008027:Light; D008956:Models, Chemical; D010777:Photochemistry / Q000379:methods*; D012256:Riboflavin / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000528:radiation effects
chemical_list: D012256:Riboflavin
keywords: actinometry; consecutive photoreactions; photodegradation; pseudo rate constant; quantum yields; riboflavin; Φ-order photokinetics