title: Predicting lymph node metastasis in patients with papillary thyroid carcinoma by vascular index on power Doppler ultrasound.
abstract: For patients with papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC), lymph node metastasis is associated with an increased recurrence rate. The purpose of this study was to investigate whether the vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), microvessel density (MVD), and vascular index (VI) can predict lymph node metastasis in patients with PTC.
  
  
  
  From January 2011 to October 2011, 202 patients with PTCs underwent preoperative staging ultrasound evaluation. To evaluate vascularity, we measured the VI, VEGF expression, and MVD.
  
  
  
  The VI was significantly correlated with MVD (p = .009). On multivariate analysis, young age showed a significant correlation with lymph node metastasis (p < .001; p < .001; p < .001). However, the other clinicopathologic features, VEGF, MVD, and VI failed to show any significant correlations with lymph node metastasis.
  
  
  
  Although the VI showed significant correlation with MVD, it was not significantly correlated to lymph node metastasis. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Head Neck 39: 334-340, 2017.
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, Severance Hospital, Research Institute of Radiological Science, Yonsei University, College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.
authors.forename: Ji Hye
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, Severance Hospital, Research Institute of Radiological Science, Yonsei University, College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.
authors.forename: Hyun Joo
authors.initials: HJ
authors.lastname: Shin
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, Severance Hospital, Research Institute of Radiological Science, Yonsei University, College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.
authors.forename: Jung Hyun
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Yoon
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, Severance Hospital, Research Institute of Radiological Science, Yonsei University, College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.
authors.forename: Eun-Kyung
authors.initials: EK
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, Severance Hospital, Research Institute of Radiological Science, Yonsei University, College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.
authors.forename: Hee Jung
authors.initials: HJ
authors.lastname: Moon
authors.affiliation: Biostastistics Collaboration Unit, Medical Research Center, Yonsei University, College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.
authors.forename: Hye Sun
authors.initials: HS
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathology, Yonsei University, College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.|Department of Pathology, Yonsei University, Wonju College of Medicine, Wonju, Korea.
authors.forename: Hyeong Ju
authors.initials: HJ
authors.lastname: Kwon
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, Severance Hospital, Research Institute of Radiological Science, Yonsei University, College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.
authors.forename: Jin Young
authors.initials: JY
authors.lastname: Kwak
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000097:blood; D002291:Carcinoma, Papillary / Q000098:blood supply / Q000401:mortality / Q000601:surgery*; D015331:Cohort Studies; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008198:Lymph Nodes / Q000473:pathology*; D008207:Lymphatic Metastasis; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009389:Neovascularization, Pathologic / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D011237:Predictive Value of Tests; D011300:Preoperative Care / Q000379:methods; D011379:Prognosis; D011446:Prospective Studies; D016019:Survival Analysis; D000077273:Thyroid Cancer, Papillary; D013964:Thyroid Neoplasms / Q000098:blood supply / Q000401:mortality / Q000473:pathology* / Q000601:surgery*; D018608:Ultrasonography, Doppler; D042461:Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A / Q000097:blood*
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; D042461:Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A
keywords: lymph node metastasis; microvessel density; papillary thyroid carcinoma; vascular endothelial growth factor; vascular index