title: Developing Canadian oncology education goals and objectives for medical students: a national modified Delphi study.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Studies have shown that there is a deficiency in focused oncology teaching during medical school in Canada. This study aimed to develop oncology education goals and objectives for medical students through consensus of oncology educators from across Canada.
  
  
  METHODS
  In 2014 we created a comprehensive list of oncology education objectives using existing resources. Experts in oncology education and undergraduate medical education from all 17 Canadian medical schools were invited to participate in a 3-round modified Delphi process. In round 1, the participants scored the objectives on a 9-point Likert scale according to the degree to which they agreed an objective should be taught to medical students. Objectives with a mean score of 7.0 or greater were retained, those with a mean score of 1.0-3.9 were excluded, and those with a mean score of 4.0-6.9 were discussed at a round 2 Web meeting. In round 3, the participants voted on inclusion and exclusion of the round 2 objectives.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Thirty-four (92%) of the 37 invited oncology educators, representing 14 medical schools, participated in the study. They included oncologists, family physicians, members of undergraduate medical education curriculum committees and a psychologist. Of the 214 objectives reviewed in round 1, 146 received a mean score of 7.0 or greater, and 68 were scored 4.0-6.9; no objective received a mean score below 4.0. Nine new objectives were suggested. The main themes of participants' comments were to minimize the number of objectives and to aim objectives at the knowledge level required for family physicians. In round 2, the participants were able to combine 28 of the objectives with other existing objectives. In round 3, 7 of the 49 objectives received consensus of at least 75% for inclusion. The final Canadian Oncology Goals and Objectives for Medical Students contained 10 goals and 153 objectives.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Through a systematic process, we created a comprehensive, consensus-based set of oncology goals and objectives to facilitate the design of undergraduate medical education curricula and improve oncology education for medical students.
authors.affiliation: Department of Oncology (Tam, Verma), Tom Baker Cancer Centre, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alta.; Department of Radiation Oncology (Ingledew), Fraser Valley Cancer Centre, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC; Division of Medical Oncology and Hematology (Berry), Sunnybrook Odette Cancer Centre, University of Toronto; Department of Radiation Oncology (Giuliani), Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont.
authors.forename: Vincent C
authors.initials: VC
authors.lastname: Tam
authors.affiliation: Department of Oncology (Tam, Verma), Tom Baker Cancer Centre, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alta.; Department of Radiation Oncology (Ingledew), Fraser Valley Cancer Centre, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC; Division of Medical Oncology and Hematology (Berry), Sunnybrook Odette Cancer Centre, University of Toronto; Department of Radiation Oncology (Giuliani), Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont.
authors.forename: Paris-Ann
authors.initials: PA
authors.lastname: Ingledew
authors.affiliation: Department of Oncology (Tam, Verma), Tom Baker Cancer Centre, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alta.; Department of Radiation Oncology (Ingledew), Fraser Valley Cancer Centre, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC; Division of Medical Oncology and Hematology (Berry), Sunnybrook Odette Cancer Centre, University of Toronto; Department of Radiation Oncology (Giuliani), Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont.
authors.forename: Scott
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Berry
authors.affiliation: Department of Oncology (Tam, Verma), Tom Baker Cancer Centre, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alta.; Department of Radiation Oncology (Ingledew), Fraser Valley Cancer Centre, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC; Division of Medical Oncology and Hematology (Berry), Sunnybrook Odette Cancer Centre, University of Toronto; Department of Radiation Oncology (Giuliani), Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont.
authors.forename: Sunil
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Verma
authors.affiliation: Department of Oncology (Tam, Verma), Tom Baker Cancer Centre, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alta.; Department of Radiation Oncology (Ingledew), Fraser Valley Cancer Centre, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC; Division of Medical Oncology and Hematology (Berry), Sunnybrook Odette Cancer Centre, University of Toronto; Department of Radiation Oncology (Giuliani), Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont.
authors.forename: Meredith E
authors.initials: ME
authors.lastname: Giuliani