title: Dithienoindophenines: p-Type Semiconductors Designed by Quinoid Stabilization for Solar-Cell Applications.
abstract: Compared with the dominant aromatic conjugated materials, photovoltaic applications of their quinoidal counterparts featuring rigid and planar molecular structures have long been unexplored despite their narrow optical bandgaps, large absorption coefficients, and excellent charge-transport properties. The design and synthesis of dithienoindophenine derivatives (DTIPs) by stabilizing the quinoidal resonance of the parent indophenine framework is reported here. Compared with the ambipolar indophenine derivatives, DTIPs with the fixed molecular configuration are found to be p-type semiconductors exhibiting excellent unipolar hole mobilities up to 0.22 cm2V-1s-1, which is one order of magnitude higher than that of the parent IP-O and is even comparable to that of QQT(CN)4-based single-crystal field-effect transistors (FET). DTIPs exhibit better photovoltaic performance than their aromatic bithieno[3,4-b]thiophene (BTT) counterparts with an optimal power-conversion efficiency (PCE) of 4.07 %.
authors.affiliation: CAS Key Laboratory of Organic Solids, Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, P.R. China.|University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, P.R. China.
authors.forename: Longbin
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Ren
authors.affiliation: CAS Key Laboratory of Organic Solids, Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, P.R. China.
authors.forename: Haijun
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Fan
authors.affiliation: CAS Key Laboratory of Organic Solids, Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, P.R. China.|University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, P.R. China.
authors.forename: Dazhen
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Huang
authors.affiliation: CAS Key Laboratory of Organic Solids, Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, P.R. China.|University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, P.R. China.
authors.forename: Dafei
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Yuan
authors.affiliation: CAS Key Laboratory of Organic Solids, Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, P.R. China.
authors.forename: Chong-An
authors.initials: CA
authors.lastname: Di
authors.affiliation: CAS Key Laboratory of Organic Solids, Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, P.R. China.|University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, P.R. China.
authors.forename: Xiaozhang
authors.identifier: http://orcid.org/0000-0002-6812-0856
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Zhu
keywords: organic solar cell; organic thin-film transistors; p-type semiconductors; quinones; thiophene