title: Photobiomodulation therapy in the modulation of inflammatory mediators and bradykinin receptors in an experimental model of acute osteoarthritis.
abstract: The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of photobiomodulation therapy (PBMT) on inflammatory indicators, i.e., inflammatory mediators (TNF-α and CINC-1), and pain characterized by hyperalgesia and B1 and B2 receptor activation at 6, 24, and 48 h after papain-induced osteoarthritis (OA) in rats. Fifty-four rats were subjected to hyperalgesia evaluations and then divided randomly into three groups-a control group and two groups OA and OA PBMT group by using laser parameters at wavelength (808 nm), output power (50 mW), energy per point (4 Joules), power density (1.78 W/cm2), laser beam (0.028 cm2), and energy density (144 J/cm2)-the induction of osteoarthritis was then performed with 20-μl injections of a 4 % papain solution dissolved in 10 μl of saline solution, to which 10 μl of cysteine solution (0.03 M). The statistical analysis was performed using two-way ANOVA with Bonferroni's post hoc test for comparisons between the 6, 24, and 48 h and team points within each group, and between the control, injury, and PBMT groups, and p < 0.05 was considered to indicate a significant difference. The hyperalgesia was evaluated at 6, 24, and 48 h after the injury. PBMT at a wavelength of 808 nm and doses of 4 J, administered afterward, promotes increase at the threshold of pressure stimulus at 6, 24, and 48 h after application and promote cytokine attenuation levels (TNF and CINC-1) and bradykinin receptor (B1 and B2) along the experimental period. We conclude that photobiomodulation therapy was able to promote the reduction of proinflammatory cytokines such as TNF-α and CINC-1, to reduce the gene and protein expression of the bradykinin receptor (B1 and B2), as well as increasing the stimulus response threshold of pressure in an experimental model of acute osteoarthritis.
authors.affiliation: Postgraduate Program in Rehabilitation Sciences, Universidade Nove de Julho (UNINOVE), Rua Vergueiro 235, São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
authors.forename: Vanessa Lima Cavalcante
authors.initials: VL
authors.lastname: de Oliveira
authors.affiliation: Postgraduate Program in Medicine Universidade Nove de Julho (UNINOVE), São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
authors.forename: José Antonio
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Silva
authors.affiliation: Postgraduate Program in Biophotonics, Universidade Nove de Julho (UNINOVE), São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
authors.forename: Andrey Jorge
authors.initials: AJ
authors.lastname: Serra
authors.affiliation: Postgraduate Program in Biophotonics, Universidade Nove de Julho (UNINOVE), São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
authors.forename: Rodney Capp
authors.initials: RC
authors.lastname: Pallotta
authors.affiliation: Postgraduate Program in Biophotonics, Universidade Nove de Julho (UNINOVE), São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
authors.forename: Evela Aparecida Pereira
authors.initials: EA
authors.lastname: da Silva
authors.affiliation: Postgraduate Program in Rehabilitation Sciences, Universidade Nove de Julho (UNINOVE), Rua Vergueiro 235, São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
authors.forename: Anna Cristina
authors.initials: AC
authors.lastname: de Farias Marques
authors.affiliation: Postgraduate Program in Medicine Universidade Nove de Julho (UNINOVE), São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
authors.forename: Regiane Dos Santos
authors.initials: RD
authors.lastname: Feliciano
authors.affiliation: Postgraduate Program in Biophotonics, Universidade Nove de Julho (UNINOVE), São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
authors.forename: Rodrigo Labat
authors.initials: RL
authors.lastname: Marcos
authors.affiliation: Postgraduate Program in Rehabilitation Sciences, Universidade Nove de Julho (UNINOVE), Rua Vergueiro 235, São Paulo, SP, Brazil.|Postgraduate Program in Biophotonics, Universidade Nove de Julho (UNINOVE), São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
authors.forename: Ernesto Cesar Pinto
authors.initials: EC
authors.lastname: Leal-Junior
authors.affiliation: Postgraduate Program in Rehabilitation Sciences, Universidade Nove de Julho (UNINOVE), Rua Vergueiro 235, São Paulo, SP, Brazil. paulo.tarso@uninove.br.|Postgraduate Program in Biophotonics, Universidade Nove de Julho (UNINOVE), São Paulo, SP, Brazil. paulo.tarso@uninove.br.
authors.forename: Paulo de Tarso Camillo
authors.initials: PT
authors.lastname: de Carvalho
mesh_terms: D000208:Acute Disease; D000818:Animals; D054360:Chemokine CXCL1; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D004797:Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay; D005121:Extremities / Q000473:pathology; D005786:Gene Expression Regulation; D006930:Hyperalgesia / Q000150:complications / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D018836:Inflammation Mediators / Q000378:metabolism*; D028022:Low-Level Light Therapy; D008297:Male; D010003:Osteoarthritis / Q000150:complications / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000532:radiotherapy*; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D060888:Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction; D018002:Receptors, Bradykinin / Q000378:metabolism*; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D054360:Chemokine CXCL1; C513297:Cxcl1 protein, rat; D018836:Inflammation Mediators; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D018002:Receptors, Bradykinin; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha
keywords: Cytokines; Hyperalgesia; Osteoarthritis; Photobiomodulation therapy