title: The Association Between Social Support, Body Mass Index and Increased Risk of Prediabetes: the Cardiovascular Risk in Young Finns Study.
abstract: The psychosocial determinants of prediabetes are poorly understood. The aims of our study were (1) to analyse the association between perceived social support in young adulthood and fasting glucose levels and prediabetes in mid-adulthood in a cohort of healthy Finns, (2) to explore whether body mass index (BMI), inflammation or depression mediate this relationship, (3) and to examine the association between social support trajectory groups and fasting glucose.
  
  
  
  A prospective design was used with an analytic sample of 1250 participants aged 3-18 years at baseline (1980) and aged 12-39 years when social support was measured. Fasting glucose and prediabetes were assessed 32 years after baseline. Linear and logistic regression was used to examine the association between social support and the outcome measures. A bootstrapping technique was used to examine mediation effects.
  
  
  
  Social support was associated with future glucose levels in women after adjusting for childhood socioeconomic status (SES) and youth depression (β = -0.136, p = 0.001) and also predicted prediabetes in women after adjusting for childhood SES (β = 1.31, 95 % CI 1.02 to 1.69, p = 0.031). Both associations were attenuated after adjusting for BMI in mid-adulthood. BMI was found to mediate the relationship between social support and prediabetes in women (β for indirect effect β = 0.09, SE = 0.03, CI = 0.03 to 0.16).
  
  
  
  Low perceived social support in young adulthood is associated with high fasting glucose and prediabetes in mid-adulthood in women but not men. The association between social support and prediabetes in women can be partly explained by BMI.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Behavioural Sciences, The University of Helsinki, P.O. Box 9, 00014, Helsinki, Finland. anna.serlachius@helsinki.fi.|The Department of Medicine, Division of General Medicine, Columbia University, New York City, NY, USA. anna.serlachius@helsinki.fi.
authors.forename: Anna
authors.identifier: 0000-0002-4797-8351
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Serlachius
authors.affiliation: Institute of Behavioural Sciences, The University of Helsinki, P.O. Box 9, 00014, Helsinki, Finland.|Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland.
authors.forename: Marko
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Elovainio
authors.affiliation: Research Centre of Applied and Preventive Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Turku, Turku, Finland.|The Division of Medicine, Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland.
authors.forename: Markus
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Juonala
authors.affiliation: The Department of Medicine, Division of General Medicine, Columbia University, New York City, NY, USA.|The Department of Epidemiology, Joseph Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York City, NY, USA.
authors.forename: Steven
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Shea
authors.affiliation: The Department of Paediatrics, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia.|Murdoch Childrens Research Institute, Royal Children's Hospital, Melbourne, Australia.
authors.forename: Matthew
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Sabin
authors.affiliation: The Department of Clinical Chemistry, Fimlab Laboratories, Tampere, Finland.|School of Medicine, University of Tampere, Tampere, Finland.
authors.forename: Terho
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Lehtimäki
authors.affiliation: Research Centre of Applied and Preventive Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Turku, Turku, Finland.|The Department of Clinical Physiology and Nuclear Medicine, Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland.
authors.forename: Olli
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Raitakari
authors.affiliation: Institute of Behavioural Sciences, The University of Helsinki, P.O. Box 9, 00014, Helsinki, Finland.
authors.forename: Liisa
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Keltikangas-Järvinen
authors.affiliation: Institute of Behavioural Sciences, The University of Helsinki, P.O. Box 9, 00014, Helsinki, Finland.|The Collegium for Advanced Studies, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.
authors.forename: Laura
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Pulkki-Råback
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D015992:Body Mass Index; D002318:Cardiovascular Diseases / Q000209:etiology; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D005260:Female; D005387:Finland; D006801:Humans; D016015:Logistic Models; D008297:Male; D011236:Prediabetic State / Q000453:epidemiology*; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012307:Risk Factors; D012944:Social Support; D055815:Young Adult
keywords: Fasting glucose; Prediabetes; Prospective study; Social support; Type 2 diabetes