title: Biological Relevance of Free Radicals and Nitroxides.
abstract: Nitroxides are stable, kinetically-persistent free radicals which have been successfully used in the study and intervention of oxidative stress, a critical issue pertaining to cellular health which results from an imbalance in the levels of damaging free radicals and redox-active species in the cellular environment. This review gives an overview of some of the biological processes that produce radicals and other reactive oxygen species with relevance to oxidative stress, and then discusses interactions of nitroxides with these species in terms of the use of nitroxides as redox-sensitive probes and redox-active therapeutic agents.
authors.affiliation: Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Australia.
authors.forename: Christopher
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Prescott
authors.affiliation: Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Australia. s.bottle@qut.edu.au.
authors.forename: Steven E
authors.identifier: http://orcid.org/0000-0003-0436-2044
authors.initials: SE
authors.lastname: Bottle
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000975:Antioxidants / Q000378:metabolism*; D001205:Ascorbic Acid / Q000378:metabolism*; D001708:Biopterins / Q000031:analogs & derivatives / Q000378:metabolism; D004578:Electron Spin Resonance Spectroscopy; D006801:Humans; D008550:Melatonin / Q000378:metabolism; D015335:Molecular Probes / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism; D009589:Nitrogen Oxides / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000378:metabolism; D010084:Oxidation-Reduction; D018384:Oxidative Stress; D013113:Spin Labels; D014451:Ubiquinone / Q000378:metabolism*; D014810:Vitamin E / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D000975:Antioxidants; D015335:Molecular Probes; D009589:Nitrogen Oxides; D013113:Spin Labels; D014451:Ubiquinone; D014810:Vitamin E; D001708:Biopterins; C003402:sapropterin; C039900:nitroxyl; D008550:Melatonin; D001205:Ascorbic Acid
keywords: Aminoxyl; Antioxidant; Free radical; Nitroxide; Oxidative stress; Probe; ROS; Radical; Reactive oxygen species; Redox