title: Mycosis fungoides two decades after exposure to sulphur mustard: a follow-up of 1100 victims.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Sulphur mustard (SM) is an alkylating chemical warfare agent which causes acute and chronic injuries to the eyes, skin, lung and respiratory tract.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  We aimed to investigate the relationship between SM poisoning and Mycosis fungoides (MF) as a late consequence.
  
  
  METHODS
  In this retrospective study, the medical files of 1100 Iranian veterans confirmed to have exposure to SM agent during the Iraq-Iran war of the 1980s were reviewed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  All 10 cases with MF were confirmed by clinical and histopathological examinations. The mean age of the studied subjects was 43.3 ± 9.8 (years). In comparison to MF incidence rate in Iranian general population (0.39/100 000 person-years), we found an incidence rate of 0.799/100 000 person-years for MF among those who had short-term exposure to SM. The most common sites for SM lesions were flexural and thin skin areas. The main limitation was the retrospective design.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This study indicates that the risk of MF in those exposed to SM may increase over time. Therefore, their follow-up is recommended.
authors.affiliation: Department of Dermatology, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
authors.forename: S N
authors.initials: SN
authors.lastname: Emadi
authors.affiliation: Department of Dermatology, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Shiri
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Arts and Architecture, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran.
authors.forename: Z
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Shiri
authors.affiliation: Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Mazandaran, Iran.
authors.forename: S E
authors.initials: SE
authors.lastname: Emadi
authors.affiliation: Department of Dermatology, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Mortazavi
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathology, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Nikoo
authors.affiliation: Department of General Surgery, Baqiyatallah University of Iran, Tehran, Iran.
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Akhavan-Moghaddam
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D002619:Chemical Warfare Agents / Q000506:poisoning*; D006801:Humans; D015994:Incidence; D007492:Iran / Q000453:epidemiology; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009151:Mustard Gas / Q000506:poisoning*; D009182:Mycosis Fungoides / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000473:pathology; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012878:Skin Neoplasms / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000473:pathology; D014728:Veterans
chemical_list: D002619:Chemical Warfare Agents; D009151:Mustard Gas