title: The effect of second-generation antipsychotics on hippocampal volume in first episode of psychosis: longitudinal study.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Current neuroscience literature has related treatment with aripiprazole to improved memory performance and subcellular changes in the hippocampus.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To explore the volumetric changes in hippocampal grey matter in people with a first episode of psychosis (FEP) treated with second-generation antipsychotics.
  
  
  METHODS
  Baseline and 1-year follow-up magnetic resonance images were obtained. Hippocampal volumes were estimated by using FreeSurfer and MAGeT-Brain. Subgroups included: aripiprazole (n=13), olanzapine (n=12), risperidone/paliperidone (n=24), refused-antipsychotics (n=13) and controls (n=44).
  
  
  RESULTS
  Aripiprazole subgroup displayed significant increases in bilateral hippocampal volume compared with all other subgroups (FreeSurfer: allP's<0.012; MAGeT-Brain: allP's<0.040).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Aripiprazole is a first-line, second-generation treatment option that may provide an added benefit of pro-hippocampal growth. The biological underpinnings of these changes should be the focus of future investigations and may be key towards achieving a better clinical outcome for more individuals.
  
  
  BACKGROUND
  M.L. received financial assistance/compensation for research and educational events from Janssen-Ortho, Eli Lilly, Roche and Otsuka/Lundbeck Alliance. A.K.M. received financial assistance/compensation for research and educational activities from Pfizer, Janssen-Ortho, AstraZeneca and Bristol-Myers Squibb. R.J. received consultancy honorariums from Pfizer and Janssen-Ortho.
  © The Royal College of Psychiatrists 2016. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Non-Commercial, No Derivatives (CC BY-NC-ND) licence.
authors.affiliation: , PhD, Prevention and Early Intervention Program for Psychoses (PEPP - Montreal), Douglas Mental Health University Institute, Montreal, Canada; Department of Psychology, McGill University, Montreal, Canada.
authors.forename: Michael
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Bodnar
authors.affiliation: , MD, Prevention and Early Intervention Program for Psychoses (PEPP - Montreal), Douglas Mental Health University Institute, Montreal, Canada; Department of Psychiatry, McGill University, Montreal, Canada.
authors.forename: Ashok K
authors.initials: AK
authors.lastname: Malla
authors.affiliation: , BSc, Integrated Program in Neuroscience, McGill University, Montreal, Canada.
authors.forename: Carolina
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Makowski
authors.affiliation: , PhD, Department of Psychiatry, McGill University, Montreal, Canada; Integrated Program in Neuroscience, McGill University, Montreal, Canada.
authors.forename: M Mallar
authors.initials: MM
authors.lastname: Chakravarty
authors.affiliation: , MD, PhD, Prevention and Early Intervention Program for Psychoses (PEPP - Montreal), Douglas Mental Health University Institute, Montreal, Canada; Department of Psychiatry, McGill University, Montreal, Canada.
authors.forename: Ridha
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Joober
authors.affiliation: , PhD, Prevention and Early Intervention Program for Psychoses (PEPP - Montreal), Douglas Mental Health University Institute, Montreal, Canada; Department of Psychology, McGill University, Montreal, Canada; Department of Psychiatry, McGill University, Montreal, Canada; Integrated Program in Neuroscience, McGill University, Montreal, Canada.
authors.forename: Martin
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Lepage