title: GADL1variant and medication adherence in predicting response to lithium maintenance treatment in bipolar I disorder.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Genetic variants and medication adherence have been identified to be the main factors contributing to lithium treatment response in bipolar disorders.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To simultaneously examine effects of variant glutamate decarboxylase-like protein 1 (GADL1) and medication adherence on response to lithium maintenance treatment in Han Chinese patients with bipolar I (BPI) disorder.
  
  
  METHODS
  Frequencies of manic and depressive episodes between carriers and non-carriers of the effectiveGADL1rs17026688 T allele during the cumulative periods of off-lithium, poor adherence to lithium treatment and good adherence to lithium treatment were compared in Han Chinese patients with BPI disorder (n=215).
  
  
  RESULTS
  GADL1rs17026688 T carriers had significantly lower frequencies of recurrent affective episodes than non-T carriers during the cumulative period of good adherence, but not during those of poor adherence.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  GADL1rs17026688 and medication adherence jointly predict response to lithium maintenance treatment in Han Chinese BPI patients.
  
  
  BACKGROUND
  None.
  © The Royal College of Psychiatrists 2016. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Non-Commercial, No Derivatives (CC BY-NC-ND) license.
authors.affiliation: , MD, PhD, Chang Gung University School of Medicine, Taoyuan, Taiwan; Department of Psychiatry, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Keelung, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Chih-Ken
authors.initials: CK
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.affiliation: , MD, PhD, Department of Medicine, Mackay Medical College, New Taipei City, Taiwan; Department of Psychiatry, Mackay Memorial Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Chau-Shoun
authors.initials: CS
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.affiliation: , PhD, Institute of Statistical Science, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Hsuan-Yu
authors.initials: HY
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.affiliation: , PhD, Institute of Medical Sciences, Tzu Chi University, Hualien, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Lawrence Shih-Hsin
authors.initials: LS
authors.lastname: Wu
authors.affiliation: , PhD, School of Nursing, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Jung-Chen
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: Chang
authors.affiliation: , MD, Department of Psychiatry, Chang Gung Medical Center at Linkou, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan; Chang Gung University School of Medicine, Taoyuan, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Chia-Yih
authors.initials: CY
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.affiliation: , MD, PhD, DSc (London), FRCPsych, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Andrew Tai-Ann
authors.initials: AT
authors.lastname: Cheng