title: Cytogenetics in the management of lymphomas and lymphoproliferative disorders in adults and children: an update by the Groupe francophone de cytogénétique hématologique (GFCH).
abstract: Non-Hodgkin's lymphomas and lymphoproliferative disorders include a high number of heterogeneous entities, described in the 2008 WHO classification. This classification reflects the crucial role of a multidisciplinary approach which integrates cytogenetic results both for the notion of clonality and for differential diagnosis between these entities. The prognostic impact of some cytogenetic abnormalities or genome complexity is also confirmed for many of these entities. Novel provisional entities have been described, such as BCLU (B-cell lymphoma unclassifiable with features intermediate between diffuse large B-cell lymphoma and Burkitt lymphoma) for which karyotype is critical to distinguish BCLU from Burkitt's lymphoma. The karyotype can be established from any tumour or liquid infiltrated by lymphoma cells. Recent adaptations of technics for cellular cultures according to the subtype of known (or suspected) lymphoma have significantly improved the percentage of informative karyotypes. Conventional karyotypes remain the best technical approach recommended for most of these subtypes. Interphase and/or metaphase FISH also represents a solid and rapid approach, because of the significant number of recurrent (sometimes specific) rearrangements of these entities. Next generation sequencing technologies contribute to enrich genomic data and substantially improve the understanding of oncogenic mechanisms underlying these lymphoid malignancies. Some molecular biomarkers are already part of the diagnostic process (for example, somatic mutation of MYD88 in Waldenström disease) thus reinforcing the essential principle of a multidisciplinary approach for the diagnosis of all the mature lymphoid malignancies.
authors.affiliation: Laboratoire de cytogénétique onco-hématologique, Institut de biologie et de pathologie, CHU Grenoble-Alpes, Grenoble, France.
authors.forename: Christine
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Lefebvre
authors.affiliation: Laboratoire de cytogénétique et de biologie moléculaire, Service d'hématologie biologique, CBPAS, GHS, Hospices civils de Lyon, Pierre-Bénite, France.
authors.forename: Evelyne
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Callet-Bauchu
authors.affiliation: Laboratoire de génétique chromosomique et moléculaire, Service d'hématologie biologique, Groupe hospitalier Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris, France.
authors.forename: Elise
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Chapiro
authors.affiliation: Laboratoire de cytogénétique, Plateau technique de biologie, CHU de Dijon, Dijon, France.
authors.forename: Nathalie
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Nadal
authors.affiliation: Laboratoire de génétique oncologique, Centre de lutte contre le cancer Henri Becquerel, Rouen, France.
authors.forename: Dominique
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Penther
authors.affiliation: Centre de génétique humaine, Cliniques universitaires St-Luc & de Duve Institute - Université catholique de Louvain, Bruxelles, Belgique.
authors.forename: Hélène-Antoine
authors.initials: HA
authors.lastname: Poirel
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D002648:Child; D020732:Cytogenetic Analysis / Q000379:methods / Q000592:standards* / Q000639:trends; D005602:France; D006405:Hematology / Q000458:organization & administration / Q000592:standards / Q000639:trends; D006801:Humans; D008223:Lymphoma / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000235:genetics / Q000628:therapy*; D008232:Lymphoproliferative Disorders / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000235:genetics / Q000628:therapy*; D012955:Societies, Medical / Q000458:organization & administration / Q000592:standards
keywords: FISH; cytogenetic abnormalities; lymphoma; lymphoproliferative disorders