title: Convergent local adaptation to climate in distantly related conifers.
abstract: When confronted with an adaptive challenge, such as extreme temperature, closely related species frequently evolve similar phenotypes using the same genes. Although such repeated evolution is thought to be less likely in highly polygenic traits and distantly related species, this has not been tested at the genome scale. We performed a population genomic study of convergent local adaptation among two distantly related species, lodgepole pine and interior spruce. We identified a suite of 47 genes, enriched for duplicated genes, with variants associated with spatial variation in temperature or cold hardiness in both species, providing evidence of convergent local adaptation despite 140 million years of separate evolution. These results show that adaptation to climate can be genetically constrained, with certain key genes playing nonredundant roles.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biological Sciences, University of Calgary, Calgary, Canada. Department of Forest and Conservation Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada.
authors.forename: Sam
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Yeaman
authors.affiliation: School of Biological Sciences, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia.
authors.forename: Kathryn A
authors.initials: KA
authors.lastname: Hodgins
authors.affiliation: Department of Marine and Environmental Science, Northeastern University, Nahant, MA, USA.
authors.forename: Katie E
authors.initials: KE
authors.lastname: Lotterhos
authors.affiliation: Department of Forest Resources and Environmental Conservation, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, VA, USA.
authors.forename: Haktan
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Suren
authors.affiliation: Department of Forest and Conservation Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada.
authors.forename: Simon
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Nadeau
authors.affiliation: Department of Forest and Conservation Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada.
authors.forename: Jon C
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: Degner
authors.affiliation: School of Biological Sciences, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia.
authors.forename: Kristin A
authors.initials: KA
authors.lastname: Nurkowski
authors.affiliation: Department of Forest and Conservation Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada.
authors.forename: Pia
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Smets
authors.affiliation: Department of Forest and Conservation Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada.
authors.forename: Tongli
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: Department of Renewable Resources, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada.
authors.forename: Laura K
authors.initials: LK
authors.lastname: Gray
authors.affiliation: Department of Renewable Resources, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada.
authors.forename: Katharina J
authors.initials: KJ
authors.lastname: Liepe
authors.affiliation: Department of Renewable Resources, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada.
authors.forename: Andreas
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Hamann
authors.affiliation: Department of Forest Resources and Environmental Conservation, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, VA, USA.
authors.forename: Jason A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Holliday
authors.affiliation: Department of Zoology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada.
authors.forename: Michael C
authors.initials: MC
authors.lastname: Whitlock
authors.affiliation: Department of Botany, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada.
authors.forename: Loren H
authors.initials: LH
authors.lastname: Rieseberg
authors.affiliation: Department of Forest and Conservation Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada. sally.aitken@ubc.ca.
authors.forename: Sally N
authors.initials: SN
authors.lastname: Aitken
mesh_terms: D000064:Acclimatization / Q000235:genetics*; D003080:Cold Temperature; D019143:Evolution, Molecular; D020440:Gene Duplication; D017343:Genes, Plant / Q000502:physiology*; D018745:Genome, Plant; D006358:Hot Temperature; D056186:Metagenomics; D028222:Picea / Q000235:genetics / Q000502:physiology*; D028223:Pinus / Q000235:genetics / Q000502:physiology*