title: Adnexal Torsion in Postmenopausal Women: Clinical Presentation and Risk of Ovarian Malignancy.
abstract: To investigate the clinical presentation, operative outcome, and incidence of malignancy in postmenopausal women who were diagnosed with adnexal torsion.
  
  
  
  Retrospective cohort study (Canadian Task Force classification II-2).
  
  
  
  Tertiary university-affiliated hospital.
  
  
  
  Postmenopausal women diagnosed with adnexal torsion between 1995 and 2014 (study group) were reviewed and compared with 220 premenopausal patients diagnosed with adnexal torsion during the same time period.
  
  
  
  Demographic data, clinical signs and symptoms, and intra- and postoperative characteristics were compared between the 2 groups.
  
  
  
  During the study period 44 postmenopausal women were diagnosed with adnexal torsion. Continuous dull pain was the most common presenting symptom in the postmenopausal group (57%), whereas acute-onset sharp pain was the predominant symptom in the premenopausal group (86%). The time interval from admission to surgery was significantly longer in the postmenopausal group (24 vs 6 hours, p < .001). Laparoscopic surgery was performed in 84.5% of the cases in the premenopausal group, whereas it was carried out in only 50% of cases in the postmenopausal group (p < .001). Four women in the postmenopausal group were diagnosed with malignancy, whereas only 1 case of malignancy was found in the premenopausal group (9% vs .4%, respectively; p = .003).
  
  
  
  Adnexal torsion in postmenopausal women is an uncommon event with a unique presentation. Because ovarian malignancy is not an uncommon finding in this group of patients, preparation for more extensive surgery should be contemplated.
authors.affiliation: Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Lis Maternity Hospital, Tel Aviv Sourasky Medical Center and Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel. Electronic address: co.aviad@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Aviad
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Cohen
authors.affiliation: Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Lis Maternity Hospital, Tel Aviv Sourasky Medical Center and Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel.
authors.forename: Neta
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Solomon
authors.affiliation: Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Lis Maternity Hospital, Tel Aviv Sourasky Medical Center and Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel.
authors.forename: Benny
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Almog
authors.affiliation: Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Lis Maternity Hospital, Tel Aviv Sourasky Medical Center and Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel.
authors.forename: Yoni
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Cohen
authors.affiliation: Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Lis Maternity Hospital, Tel Aviv Sourasky Medical Center and Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel.
authors.forename: Ziv
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Tsafrir
authors.affiliation: Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Lis Maternity Hospital, Tel Aviv Sourasky Medical Center and Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel.
authors.forename: Eli
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Rimon
authors.affiliation: Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Lis Maternity Hospital, Tel Aviv Sourasky Medical Center and Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel.
authors.forename: Ishai
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Levin
mesh_terms: D000230:Adenocarcinoma / Q000175:diagnosis; D000291:Adnexal Diseases / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000601:surgery; D000328:Adult; D015331:Cohort Studies; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D010535:Laparoscopy; D008875:Middle Aged; D010051:Ovarian Neoplasms / Q000175:diagnosis*; D017699:Pelvic Pain / Q000209:etiology; D017698:Postmenopause; D017697:Premenopause; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012307:Risk Factors; D014102:Torsion Abnormality / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000601:surgery; D055815:Young Adult
keywords: Adnexal torsion; Ovarian carcinoma; Postmenopause