title: The dark side of "the force" - lipid nanoparticles enhance the oncogenesis of diethylnitrosamine and result in liver cancer in mice.
abstract: Nano-carriers, especially lipid nanoparticles have been used widely in "a good manner", for instance in the treatment of cancer, by enhancing the targetability and reducing required dose. Here in the contrary, we presented a new possibility: nanoDEN, a nanoparticle-packed "bad guy", which is more effective and efficient in generating liver tumor in mice. We have shown that nanoDEN, same as diethylnitrosamine (DEN), induced overexpression of multiple pivotal factors (including COX-2, β-catenin and PCNA) during oncogenesis. Moreover, nanoDEN increased the apoptosis of liver cells compared with DEN alone. This apoptotic effect of nanoDEN is more efficient on normal cells than on cancer cells. Taken into consideration the fact that there are endogenous nanoparticles naturally formed inside our body, our research enlarged our views of all the aspects of oncogenic chemicals, while also established a better method of producing animal model of liver cancer, which has future investigational and therapeutical potential.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, South-Central University for Nationalities, Wuhan, China.
authors.forename: Wei Kevin
authors.initials: WK
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, South-Central University for Nationalities, Wuhan, China.
authors.forename: Hong-Wei
authors.initials: HW
authors.lastname: Gu
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, South-Central University for Nationalities, Wuhan, China.
authors.forename: Xiao-Jun
authors.initials: XJ
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, South-Central University for Nationalities, Wuhan, China. Electronic address: liys2006@mail.scuec.edu.cn.
authors.forename: Yu-Sang
authors.initials: YS
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, South-Central University for Nationalities, Wuhan, China; Key Laboratory of Chinese Internal Medicine of MOE, Beijing Dongzhimen Hospital, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China. Electronic address: hbtang2006@mail.scuec.edu.cn.
authors.forename: He-Bin
authors.initials: HB
authors.lastname: Tang
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of Chinese Internal Medicine of MOE, Beijing Dongzhimen Hospital, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China.
authors.forename: Gui-Hua
authors.initials: GH
authors.lastname: Tian
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of Chinese Internal Medicine of MOE, Beijing Dongzhimen Hospital, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China. Electronic address: shanghongcai@126.com.
authors.forename: Hong-Cai
authors.initials: HC
authors.lastname: Shang
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D063646:Carcinogenesis; D049109:Cell Proliferation; D004052:Diethylnitrosamine / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology*; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D006801:Humans; D008055:Lipids; D008099:Liver; D008113:Liver Neoplasms / Q000139:chemically induced*; D051379:Mice; D053758:Nanoparticles
chemical_list: D008055:Lipids; D004052:Diethylnitrosamine
keywords: Animal model; Apoptosis; Diethylnitrosamine; Lipid nanoparticles; Liver cancer