title: Predicting Functional Capacity From Measures of Muscle Mass in Postmenopausal Women.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Menopause increases body fat and decreases muscle mass and strength, which contribute to sarcopenia. The amount of appendicular muscle mass has been frequently used to diagnose sarcopenia. Different measures of appendicular muscle mass have been proposed. However, no studies have compared the most salient measure (appendicular muscle mass corrected by body fat) of the appendicular muscle mass to physical function in postmenopausal women.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To examine the association of 3 different measurements of appendicular muscle mass (absolute, corrected by stature, and corrected by body fat) with physical function in postmenopausal women.
  
  
  METHODS
  Cross-sectional descriptive study.
  
  
  METHODS
  Outpatient geriatric and gynecological clinic.
  
  
  METHODS
  Forty-eight postmenopausal women with a mean age (standard deviation [SD]) of 62.1 ± 8.2 years, with mean (SD) length of menopause of 15.7 ± 9.8 years and mean (SD) body fat of 43.6% ± 9.8%.
  
  
  METHODS
  Not applicable.
  
  
  METHODS
  Appendicular muscle mass measure was measured with dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry. Physical function was measured by a functional capacity questionnaire, a short physical performance battery, and a 6 minute-walk test. Muscle quality (leg extensor strength to lower-body mineral-free lean mass ratio) and sum of z scores (sum of each physical function tests z score) were performed to provide a global index of physical function.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The regression analysis showed that appendicular muscle mass corrected by body fat was the strongest predictor of physical function. Each increase in the standard deviation of appendicular muscle mass corrected by body fat was associated with a mean sum of z score increase of 59% (standard deviation), whereas each increase in absolute appendicular muscle mass and appendicular muscle mass corrected by stature were associated with a mean sum of z scores decrease of 23% and 36%, respectively. Muscle quality was associated with appendicular muscle mass corrected by body fat.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These findings indicate that appendicular muscle mass corrected by body fat is a better predictor of physical function than the other measures of appendicular muscle mass in postmenopausal women.
  
  
  METHODS
  I.
authors.affiliation: Exercise Biology Research Group (BioEx), Federal University of Triângulo Mineiro (UFTM), Uberaba, Minas Gerais, Brazil; Department of Sport Sciences, Federal University of Triângulo Mineiro (UFTM), Uberaba, Minas Gerais, Brazil; Federal University of Triângulo Mineiro (UFTM), Exercise Biology Laboratory (BioEx), Avenue Tutunas, 490, Uberaba-MG, Brazil, 38061-500(∗). Electronic address: fabiorsatti@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Fábio Lera
authors.initials: FL
authors.lastname: Orsatti
authors.affiliation: Exercise Biology Research Group (BioEx), Federal University of Triângulo Mineiro (UFTM), Uberaba, Minas Gerais, Brazil(†).
authors.forename: Paulo Ricardo Prado
authors.initials: PRP
authors.lastname: Nunes
authors.affiliation: Exercise Biology Research Group (BioEx), Federal University of Triângulo Mineiro (UFTM), Uberaba, Minas Gerais, Brazil(‡).
authors.forename: Aletéia de Paula
authors.initials: AP
authors.lastname: Souza
authors.affiliation: Exercise Biology Research Group (BioEx), Federal University of Triângulo Mineiro (UFTM), Uberaba, Minas Gerais, Brazil(§).
authors.forename: Fernanda Maria
authors.initials: FM
authors.lastname: Martins
authors.affiliation: Exercise Biology Research Group (BioEx), Federal University of Triângulo Mineiro (UFTM), Uberaba, Minas Gerais, Brazil(‖).
authors.forename: Anselmo Alves
authors.initials: AA
authors.lastname: de Oliveira
authors.affiliation: Research Institute of Oncology (IPON), Federal University of Triângulo Mineiro (UFTM), Uberaba, Minas Gerais, Brazil; Discipline of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Federal University of Triângulo Mineiro (UFTM), Uberaba, Minas Gerais, Brazil(¶).
authors.forename: Rosekeila Simões
authors.initials: RS
authors.lastname: Nomelini
authors.affiliation: Research Institute of Oncology (IPON), Federal University of Triângulo Mineiro (UFTM), Uberaba, Minas Gerais, Brazil; Discipline of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Federal University of Triângulo Mineiro (UFTM), Uberaba, Minas Gerais, Brazil(#).
authors.forename: Márcia Antoniazi
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Michelin
authors.affiliation: Research Institute of Oncology (IPON), Federal University of Triângulo Mineiro (UFTM), Uberaba, Minas Gerais, Brazil; Discipline of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Federal University of Triângulo Mineiro (UFTM), Uberaba, Minas Gerais, Brazil(∗∗).
authors.forename: Eddie Fernando Cândido
authors.initials: EFC
authors.lastname: Murta
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D001823:Body Composition; D015992:Body Mass Index; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D015444:Exercise / Q000502:physiology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008875:Middle Aged; D053580:Muscle Strength / Q000502:physiology; D018482:Muscle, Skeletal / Q000503:physiopathology*; D017698:Postmenopause / Q000502:physiology*; D011237:Predictive Value of Tests; D012016:Reference Values; D055948:Sarcopenia / Q000503:physiopathology*