title: Comparison of Hemoglobin Levels Before and After Hemodialysis and Their Effects on Erythropoietin Dosing and Cost.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Hemoglobin levels measured after hemodialysis, as compared to hemoglobin levels measured before hemodialysis, are suggested to be a more accurate reflection of the hemoglobin levels between hemodialysis sessions, and to be a better reference point for adjusting erythropoietin dosing.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  The aim of this study was to compare the hemoglobin levels before and after hemodialysis, to calculate the required erythropoietin doses based on these levels, and to develop a model to predict effective erythropoietin dosing.
  
  
  METHODS
  In this cross-sectional study, the hemoglobin levels of 52 patients with end-stage renal disease were measured before and after hemodialysis. The required erythropoietin doses and the differences in cost were calculated based on the hemoglobin levels before and after hemodialysis. A model to predict the adjusted erythropoietin dosages based on post-hemodialysis hemoglobin levels was proposed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Hemoglobin levels measured after hemodialysis were significantly higher than the hemoglobin levels before hemodialysis (11.1 ± 1.1 vs. 11.9 ± 1.2 g/dL, P < 0.001, 7% increase). The mean required erythropoietin dose based on post-hemodialysis hemoglobin levels was significantly lower than the corresponding erythropoietin dose based on pre-hemodialysis hemoglobin levels (10947 ± 6820 vs. 12047 ± 7542 U/week, P < 0.001, 9% decrease). The cost of erythropoietin was also significantly lower when post-hemodialysis levels were used (15.96 ± 9.85 vs. 17.57 ± 11.00 dollars/patient/week, P < 0.001). This translated into 83.72 dollars/patient/year in cost reduction. The developed model for predicting the required dosage is: Erythropoietin (U/week) = 43540.8 + (-2734.8) × Post-hemodialysis Hb* (g/dL). [(R2) = 0.221; *P < 0.001].
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Using post-hemodialysis hemoglobin levels as a reference point for erythropoietin dosing can result in significant dose and cost reduction, and can protect hemodialysis patients from hemoconcentration. The prediction of the erythropoietin adjusted dosage based on post-hemodialysis Hb may also help in avoiding overdosage.
authors.affiliation: Shiraz Nephrourology Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, IR Iran.
authors.forename: Mohammad Mahdi
authors.initials: MM
authors.lastname: Sagheb
authors.affiliation: Shiraz Nephrourology Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, IR Iran.
authors.forename: Mohammad Amin
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Fallahzadeh
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardiology, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, IR Iran.
authors.forename: Alireza
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Moaref
authors.affiliation: Shiraz Nephrourology Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, IR Iran.
authors.forename: Mohammad Hossein
authors.initials: MH
authors.lastname: Fallahzadeh
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatrics, AJA University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, IR Iran.
authors.forename: Banafshe
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Dormanesh
keywords: Cost; Erythropoietin; Hemodialysis; Hemoglobin