title: Effects of child abuse, adolescent violence, peer approval and pro-violence attitudes on intimate partner violence in adulthood.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Children's exposure to violence increases their risk for later victimisation and perpetration of intimate partner violence (IPV). However, the relative influence of child abuse, adolescent violence, peer approval of violence and pro-violence attitudes on later IPV is not well established.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  Analyses focus on the prediction of adult IPV from variables measured in childhood and adolescence to establish the unique influence of earlier victimisation and perpetration of violence, as well as other variables grounded in theory and empirical findings.
  
  
  METHODS
  Data are from a longitudinal study that began in the 1970s with a sample of 457 preschool-aged children who were reassessed as adults. Outcomes of adult IPV victimisation and perpetration types were regressed on predictors of parent-reported child abuse, officially recorded child maltreatment, adolescent victimisation, violence perpetration, pro-violence attitudes and peer approval of violence during adolescence, controlling for childhood Socio Economic Status (SES), age in adolescence and gender.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Dating violence victimisation and peer approval of dating violence in adolescence emerged as the unique predictors of IPV victimisation and perpetration in adulthood. Official child maltreatment predicted IPV perpetration.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Results underscore the importance of prevention programmes and strategies to disrupt the cycle of violence at its early stages, as well as interventions during adolescence targeting peer influences. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
authors.affiliation: University of Washington School of Social Work, USA. tih@uw.edu.
authors.forename: Todd I
authors.initials: TI
authors.lastname: Herrenkohl
authors.affiliation: University of Washington School of Social Work, USA.
authors.forename: Hyunzee
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Jung
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D054523:Adult Survivors of Child Abuse / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D001290:Attitude; D058445:Bullying / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D019548:Crime Victims / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D000066511:Intimate Partner Violence / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D008137:Longitudinal Studies; D008297:Male; D010379:Peer Group; D055815:Young Adult