title: Post-Concussive Syndrome: a Focus on Post-Traumatic Headache and Related Cognitive, Psychiatric, and Sleep Issues.
abstract: Post-traumatic headache (PTH) is a secondary headache disorder following traumatic brain injury. We sought to examine the recent literature on PTH and associated cognitive, psychiatric, and sleep conditions to understand the latest findings about the associated conditions and available screening tools, and to understand the available treatment options for PTH.
  
  
  
  Up to one third of PTH patients may have depression and about one quarter may have insomnia. Anxiety and cognitive issues are also common. While there are few studies examining abortive medications for PTH, recent studies of preventive medications examine the efficacy of topiramate, and topiramate may be better than other oral preventive medications. Other currently investigated treatments include nerve blocks, onabotulinum toxin A, transmagnetic stimulation, and behavioral therapy (biofeedback). Due to an expanded focus on and knowledge of concussion and PTH, comorbid psychiatric, cognitive, and sleep issues have become more widely acknowledged and studied. However, more high-quality studies must be conducted to examine the underlying pathophysiology of PTH and associated symptoms and to determine the most effective abortive and preventive treatment options.
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, NYU Langone Medical Center, 240 East 38th Street 20th floor, New York, NY, 10016, USA. minenmd@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Mia T
authors.initials: MT
authors.lastname: Minen
authors.affiliation: Barnard College, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA.
authors.forename: Alexandra
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Boubour
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, NYU Langone Medical Center, 240 East 38th Street 20th floor, New York, NY, 10016, USA.
authors.forename: Harjasleen
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Walia
authors.affiliation: Department of Neuropsychology, NYU Langone Medical Center, New York, NY, USA.
authors.forename: William
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Barr
mesh_terms: D001007:Anxiety; D003071:Cognition; D003866:Depressive Disorder; D006801:Humans; D051298:Post-Traumatic Headache / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000503:physiopathology* / Q000628:therapy; D012893:Sleep Wake Disorders / Q000209:etiology
keywords: Cognitive changes; Neuropsychiatry; Post-concussive syndrome (PCS); Post-traumatic headache (PTH); Post-traumatic headache (PTH) treatment; Sleep; Traumatic brain injury