title: First-Night Effect on Sleep in Different Female Reproductive States.
abstract: In sleep laboratory studies, the new environment is generally considered to disturb sleep during the first night. However, older women have rarely been studied. Although menopause and hormone therapy affect sleep, their impact on the first-night effect is virtually unknown.
  
  
  
  Four groups of women with no sleep laboratory experience: young on hormonal contraceptives (n = 11, 23.1 [0.5] years), perimenopausal (n = 15, 48.0 [0.4] years), postmenopausal without hormone therapy (HT; off-HT, n = 22, 63.4 [0.8] years) and postmenopausal with HT (n = 16, 63.1 [0.9] years).
  
  
  
  A cross-sectional study.
  
  
  
  Polysomnography was performed over two consecutive nights and the first-night effect and group differences were evaluated. Questionnaire-based insomnia and sleepiness scores were correlated to sleep variables and their between-night changes.
  
  
  
  Although sleep in young women was deeper and less fragmented than in the other groups, first-night effect was similar in all study groups. Total sleep time, sleep efficiency, and S1 and S2 sleep increased, and wake after sleep onset, awakenings per hour of sleep, S2 and REM latencies, and percentage of SWS decreased from the first to the second night. Perimenopausal women had more insomnia complaints than other women. Insomnia complaints were associated with more disturbed sleep but not with the first-night effect.
  
  
  
  A first night in a sleep laboratory elicits a marked interference of sleep architecture in women of all ages, with a carryover effect of lighter sleep on the second study night. Menopausal state, HT use, or insomnia complaints do not modify this effect.
authors.affiliation: a Department of Clinical Neurophysiology , TYKS-SAPA, Hospital District of Southwest Finland , Turku , Finland.|b Sleep Research Unit , University of Turku , Turku , Finland.
authors.forename: Irina
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Virtanen
authors.affiliation: b Sleep Research Unit , University of Turku , Turku , Finland.|c Department of Cardiology , Satakunta Central Hospital , Pori , Finland.
authors.forename: Nea
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Kalleinen
authors.affiliation: d Department of Health, Mental Health Unit , National Institute for Health and Welfare , Helsinki , Finland.|e Department of Adolescent Psychiatry , Helsinki University Hospital , Helsinki , Finland.
authors.forename: Anna S
authors.initials: AS
authors.lastname: Urrila
authors.affiliation: b Sleep Research Unit , University of Turku , Turku , Finland.|f Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology , Turku University Hospital and University of Turku , Turku , Finland.
authors.forename: Päivi
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Polo-Kantola
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D005260:Female; D005836:Genitalia, Female / Q000503:physiopathology*; D006801:Humans; D008875:Middle Aged; D017286:Polysomnography / Q000379:methods*; D012890:Sleep / Q000502:physiology*; D012893:Sleep Wake Disorders / Q000503:physiopathology*; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D055815:Young Adult