title: The role of hyperpolarized129xenon in MR imaging of pulmonary function.
abstract: In the last two decades, functional imaging of the lungs using hyperpolarized noble gases has entered the clinical stage. Both helium (3He) and xenon (129Xe) gas have been thoroughly investigated for their ability to assess both the global and regional patterns of lung ventilation. With advances in polarizer technology and the current transition towards the widely available129Xe gas, this method is ready for translation to the clinic. Currently, hyperpolarized (HP) noble gas lung MRI is limited to selected academic institutions; yet, the promising results from initial clinical trials have drawn the attention of the pulmonary medicine community. HP129Xe MRI provides not only 3-dimensional ventilation imaging, but also unique capabilities for probing regional lung physiology. In this review article, we aim to (1) provide a brief overview of current ventilation MR imaging techniques, (2) emphasize the role of HP129Xe MRI within the array of different imaging strategies, (3) discuss the unique imaging possibilities with HP129Xe MRI, and (4) propose clinical applications.
authors.affiliation: Cardiothoracic Imaging, Duke University Medical Center, Department of Radiology, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA.
authors.forename: Lukas
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Ebner
authors.affiliation: Department of Medical Physics, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, USA.
authors.forename: Jeff
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Kammerman
authors.affiliation: Center for In Vivo Microscopy, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA.
authors.forename: Bastiaan
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Driehuys
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, USA.
authors.forename: Mark L
authors.initials: ML
authors.lastname: Schiebler
authors.affiliation: Department of Medical Physics, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, USA.
authors.forename: Robert V
authors.initials: RV
authors.lastname: Cadman
authors.affiliation: Departments of Medical Physics, Radiology, and Biomedical Engineering, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, USA. Electronic address: sfain@wisc.edu.
authors.forename: Sean B
authors.initials: SB
authors.lastname: Fain
mesh_terms: D000402:Airway Obstruction / Q000503:physiopathology; D003287:Contrast Media; D005740:Gases; D006371:Helium; D006801:Humans; D008168:Lung / Q000502:physiology*; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging / Q000379:methods*; D005741:Noble Gases; D010100:Oxygen / Q000032:analysis; D012119:Respiration; D014979:Xenon Isotopes
chemical_list: D003287:Contrast Media; D005740:Gases; D005741:Noble Gases; D014979:Xenon Isotopes; D006371:Helium; D010100:Oxygen
keywords: Airway obstruction; Fast MRI; Fluorinated gases; Oxygen; Polarized gas; Ventilation; Xenon