title: Lignans from guaiac resin decrease nitric oxide production in interleukin 1β-treated hepatocytes.
abstract: Guaiac resin, extracted from the heartwood of Guaiacum officinale L. or G. sanctum L., is speculated to have anti-inflammatory effects. Lignans were purified from guaiac resin (also known as gum guaiacum) by monitoring the nitric oxide (NO) production in rat hepatocytes treated with an inflammatory cytokine interleukin-1β (IL-1β). Six lignans were purified from guaiac resin and identified as: dehydroguaiaretic acid (1), (+)-trans-1,2-dihydrodehydroguaiaretic acid (2), furoguaiaoxidin (3), meso-dihydroguaiaretic acid (4), furoguaiacin (i.e., α-guaiaconic acid) (5), and nectandrin B (6). To our knowledge, this is the first time that 1 has been isolated from guaiac resin as a non-derivative. Compounds 2 and 6 were first found in guaiac resin. Compound 3 was first isolated from a natural source as a non-derivative. Furthermore, 1-6 significantly suppressed NO production in IL-1β-treated hepatocytes. Because anti-inflammatory compounds suppress NO production, this system is often used to measure the anti-inflammatory effects of Kampo drugs and herbal constituents. The NO-suppressing activity of the six lignans isolated in this study indicates that guaiac resin has anti-inflammatory effects and that these lignans may be responsible for the anti-inflammatory effects of guaiac resin.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Life Sciences, Ritsumeikan University, 1-1-1 Nojihigashi, Kusatsu, Shiga, 525-8577, Japan.
authors.forename: Yuki
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Nakano
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacy, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ritsumeikan University, 1-1-1 Nojihigashi, Kusatsu, Shiga, 525-8577, Japan.
authors.forename: Masaaki
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Nasu
authors.affiliation: Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Life Sciences, Ritsumeikan University, 1-1-1 Nojihigashi, Kusatsu, Shiga, 525-8577, Japan.
authors.forename: Mana
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kano
authors.affiliation: Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Life Sciences, Ritsumeikan University, 1-1-1 Nojihigashi, Kusatsu, Shiga, 525-8577, Japan.
authors.forename: Hiroshi
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Kameoka
authors.affiliation: Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Life Sciences, Ritsumeikan University, 1-1-1 Nojihigashi, Kusatsu, Shiga, 525-8577, Japan.
authors.forename: Tetsuya
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Okuyama
authors.affiliation: Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Life Sciences, Ritsumeikan University, 1-1-1 Nojihigashi, Kusatsu, Shiga, 525-8577, Japan.
authors.forename: Mikio
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Nishizawa
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacy, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ritsumeikan University, 1-1-1 Nojihigashi, Kusatsu, Shiga, 525-8577, Japan. y-ikeya@daiichi-cps.ac.jp.|Department of Pharmacy Educational Assist Center, Daiichi University of Pharmacy, 22-1 Tamagawa-cho, Minami-ku, Fukuoka, 815-8511, Japan. y-ikeya@daiichi-cps.ac.jp.
authors.forename: Yukinobu
authors.identifier: http://orcid.org/0000-0003-2383-4801
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Ikeya
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D006138:Guaiac / Q000737:chemistry*; D022781:Hepatocytes / Q000187:drug effects*; D053583:Interleukin-1beta / Q000378:metabolism*; D017705:Lignans / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D008297:Male; D009569:Nitric Oxide / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000378:metabolism*; D051381:Rats; D012116:Resins, Plant / Q000737:chemistry*
chemical_list: D053583:Interleukin-1beta; D017705:Lignans; D012116:Resins, Plant; D009569:Nitric Oxide; D006138:Guaiac
keywords: Anti-inflammatory effect; Guaiac resin; Guaiacum officinale; Hepatocyte; Lignan; Nitric oxide