title: Assessment of non-carious root surface defects in areas of gingival recession: A descriptive study.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The purpose of this descriptive study was to observe the distribution of four different classes of non-carious cervical root surface discrepancies in teeth with gingival recession. Additionally to explore the different treatment modalities in the literature for each of these defects.
  
  
  METHODS
  A total of 150 subjects with at least one labial gingival recession were included in the study. 1400 teeth were evaluated using 2.5 X magnification loupes and UNC -15 probe for the presence of the cemento-enamel junction and step like defects according to Pini-Prato's classification: A-, identifiable CEJ without defect; A+, identifiable CEJ with defect; B-, unidentifiable CEJ without defect, B+, unidentifiable CEJ with defect. Further a comprehensive electronic and hand search of pubmed indexed journals was performed to identify appropriate treatment modalities for these defects and their predictability following restorative/surgical or combination of both.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A total of 1400 teeth with exposed root surfaces were examined (793 Maxillary; 607 mandibular). 499 teeth were A-, 405 were A+, 322 were B+ and 174 were B-. The distribution of these defects in different teeth was: 36% premolars, 32% molars, 21% incisors and 11% canines, collectively 68% in the aesthetic zone.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Majority of these lesions are in the maxillary aesthetic zone. Hence the presence of the CEJ and the defect must be taken into account while managing these defects surgically.Key words:Cervical abrasion, gingival recession, magnification loupes, root coverage, step defects.
authors.affiliation: MDS, MFDSRCPS [Glasg, UK], Department of Periodontics, SRM Dental College, Bharathi Salai, Ramapuram Chennai.
authors.forename: Vanaja-Krishna
authors.initials: VK
authors.lastname: Naik
authors.affiliation: MDS, MFDSRCPS [Glasg, UK], Department of Periodontics, SRM Dental College, Bharathi Salai, Ramapuram Chennai.
authors.forename: Caroline-Annette
authors.initials: CA
authors.lastname: Jacob
authors.affiliation: MDS, Department of Periodontics, Raga's Dental College, Uthandi, Chennai.
authors.forename: Deepavalli-Arumuga
authors.initials: DA
authors.lastname: Nainar