title: Effectiveness of Ayurvedic Massage (Sahacharadi Taila) in Patients with Chronic Low Back Pain: A Randomized Controlled Trial.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Ayurveda is one of the oldest comprehensive healthcare systems worldwide. Ayurvedic massage and physical therapy are frequently used to treat patients with chronic pain syndromes and disorders of the musculoskeletal system. This study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of Ayurvedic massage in nonspecific chronic low back pain by means of a randomized clinical trial.
  
  
  METHODS
  Sixty-four patients (mean age, 54.8 years; 49 women and 15 men) with chronic low back pain who scored >40 mm on a 100-mm visual analogue scale (VAS) were randomly assigned to a 2-week massage group with 6 hours of Ayurvedic massage and external treatment (n = 32) or to a 2-week local thermal therapy group (n = 32). The study observation period was 4 weeks, consisting of a 2-week intervention phase followed by a 2-week follow-up phase.
  
  
  METHODS
  Primary outcome measure was the change of mean pain (VAS) from baseline to week 4. Secondary outcomes included pain-related bothersomeness, the Roland Disability Questionnaire, quality of life (Medical Outcomes Study 36-Item Short Form), the Hanover Functional Ability Questionnaire for measuring back pain-related disability, and psychological outcomes. Outcomes were assessed at baseline and after 2 and 4 weeks.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Mean back pain (primary outcome) at week 2 was significantly reduced from 53.4 ± 18.5 to 21.6 ± 18.2 in the massage group and from 55.3 ± 12.9 to 41.8 ± 19.8 in the standard thermal therapy group (mean group difference, -18.7; 95% confidence interval, -28.7 to -8.7; p < 0.001). While beneficial effects on pain-related bothersomeness and psychological well-being were also apparent, the Ayurvedic intervention did not improve function or disability in the short-term observation period. Both programs were safe and well tolerated.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Ayurvedic external treatment is effective for pain-relief in chronic low back pain in the short term. Further studies with longer observation periods are needed to evaluate the long-term effects of the Ayurvedic external treatment approach on function and disability.
authors.affiliation: 1 Department of Integrative Medicine, University Hospital Essen , Essen, Germany .
authors.forename: Syal
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Kumar
authors.affiliation: 1 Department of Integrative Medicine, University Hospital Essen , Essen, Germany .
authors.forename: Thomas
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Rampp
authors.affiliation: 2 Institute of Social Medicine, Epidemiology and Health Economics, Charité-University Medical Centre and Immanuel Hospital Berlin , Berlin, Germany .|3 Department of Internal and Complementary Medicine, Immanuel Hospital Berlin , Berlin, Germany .
authors.forename: Christian
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Kessler
authors.affiliation: 2 Institute of Social Medicine, Epidemiology and Health Economics, Charité-University Medical Centre and Immanuel Hospital Berlin , Berlin, Germany .|3 Department of Internal and Complementary Medicine, Immanuel Hospital Berlin , Berlin, Germany .
authors.forename: Michael
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Jeitler
authors.affiliation: 1 Department of Integrative Medicine, University Hospital Essen , Essen, Germany .
authors.forename: Gustav J
authors.initials: GJ
authors.lastname: Dobos
authors.affiliation: 4 Karl and Veronica Carstens Foundation , Essen, Germany .
authors.forename: Rainer
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Lüdtke
authors.affiliation: 2 Institute of Social Medicine, Epidemiology and Health Economics, Charité-University Medical Centre and Immanuel Hospital Berlin , Berlin, Germany .|3 Department of Internal and Complementary Medicine, Immanuel Hospital Berlin , Berlin, Germany .
authors.forename: Larissa
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Meier
authors.affiliation: 2 Institute of Social Medicine, Epidemiology and Health Economics, Charité-University Medical Centre and Immanuel Hospital Berlin , Berlin, Germany .|3 Department of Internal and Complementary Medicine, Immanuel Hospital Berlin , Berlin, Germany .
authors.forename: Andreas
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Michalsen
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D059350:Chronic Pain / Q000628:therapy*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D017116:Low Back Pain / Q000628:therapy*; D008297:Male; D008405:Massage; D008515:Medicine, Ayurvedic; D008875:Middle Aged; D011788:Quality of Life; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D064232:Visual Analog Scale; D055815:Young Adult
keywords: Ayurveda; Ayurvedic massage; chronic low back pain; randomized trial