title: Re-irradiation alternatives for recurrent high-grade glioma.
abstract: Despite advances in the fields of surgery, chemotherapy and radiotherapy, the prognosis for high-grade glioma (HGG) remains unsatisfactory. The majority of HGG patients experience disease recurrence. To date, no standard treatments have been established for recurrent HGG. Repeat surgery and chemotherapy demonstrate moderate efficacy. As recurrent lesions are usually located within the previously irradiated field, a second course of irradiation was once considered controversial, as it was considered to exhibit unsatisfactory efficacy and radiation-related toxicities. However, an increasing number of studies have indicated that re-irradiation may present an efficacious treatment for recurrent HGG. Re-irradiation may be delivered via conventionally fractionated stereotactic radiotherapy, hypofractionated stereotactic radiation therapy, stereotactic radiosurgery and brachytherapy techniques. In the present review, the current literature regarding re-irradiation treatment for recurrent HGG is summarized with regard to survival outcome and side effects.
authors.affiliation: Sixth Department of Radiation Oncology, Shandong Cancer Hospital, Jinan, Shandong 250117, P.R. China; School of Medicine and Life Sciences, University of Jinan-Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, Shandong 250014, P.R. China.
authors.forename: Yuanli
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Dong
authors.affiliation: Sixth Department of Radiation Oncology, Shandong Cancer Hospital, Jinan, Shandong 250117, P.R. China.
authors.forename: Chengrui
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Fu
authors.affiliation: Sixth Department of Radiation Oncology, Shandong Cancer Hospital, Jinan, Shandong 250117, P.R. China; School of Medicine and Life Sciences, University of Jinan-Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, Shandong 250014, P.R. China.
authors.forename: Hui
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Guan
authors.affiliation: Sixth Department of Radiation Oncology, Shandong Cancer Hospital, Jinan, Shandong 250117, P.R. China.
authors.forename: Tianyi
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: Sixth Department of Radiation Oncology, Shandong Cancer Hospital, Jinan, Shandong 250117, P.R. China.
authors.forename: Zicheng
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: Sixth Department of Radiation Oncology, Shandong Cancer Hospital, Jinan, Shandong 250117, P.R. China.
authors.forename: Tao
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Zhou
authors.affiliation: Sixth Department of Radiation Oncology, Shandong Cancer Hospital, Jinan, Shandong 250117, P.R. China.
authors.forename: Baosheng
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Li
keywords: high-grade glioma; re-irradiation; toxicity