title: Antinociceptive and anti-inflammatory effect of sulfated polysaccharide fractions fromSargassum wightiiandHalophila ovalisin male Wistar rats.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The aim of this objective is to evaluate the antinociceptive and anti-inflammatory potential of sulfated polysaccharide purified fractions isolated from brown seaweedSargassum wightiiand seagrassHalophila ovalisin male Wistar rats.
  
  
  METHODS
  Crude sulfated polysaccharide fromS. wightiiandH. ovaliswas subjected to anion exchange chromatography, and the chemical composition was investigated. The antinociceptive activity of purified fractions was investigated using formalin and hot plate test. Carrageenan-induced paw edema, peritonitis model, and Freund's Complete Adjuvant-induced arthritis model were employed to determine the anti-inflammatory activity.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In the formalin test, there was a significant reduction in licking time in both phases of the test at a dose of 10 mg/kg. In the hot plate test, the antinociceptive effect was observed only in animals treated with 5, 10 mg/kg suggesting that the analgesic effect occurs through a central action mechanism. Sw FrIV and Ho FrIV significantly inhibited paw edema induced by carrageenan, especially at 3 h after treatment and potentially decreased neutrophil migration at 10 mg/kg, respectively. In Freund's adjuvant-induced arthritic rats, a significant reduction in paw volume was observed in Sw FrIV and Ho FrIV-treated groups (10 mg/kg).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Purified components fromS. wightiiandH. ovalishave strong antinociceptive and anti-inflammatory effect on animal model. However, to determine the molecular mechanism, it is necessary to investigate the effect of purified fractions on inhibition of nitric oxide synthase expression mediated by inhibiting the phosphorylation of various signal proteins in lipopolysaccharide-stimulated RAW264.7 cells.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biotechnology, Achariya Arts and Science College, Pondicherry University, Puducherry, India.
authors.forename: Yuvaraj
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Neelakandan
authors.affiliation: Department of Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Pondicherry University, Puducherry, India.
authors.forename: Arul
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Venkatesan
mesh_terms: D000700:Analgesics / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D000818:Animals; D000893:Anti-Inflammatory Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D001169:Arthritis, Experimental / Q000188:drug therapy; D002351:Carrageenan; D004487:Edema / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000188:drug therapy; D006358:Hot Temperature; D031321:Hydrocharitaceae; D008297:Male; D010146:Pain / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000209:etiology; D010147:Pain Measurement; D010538:Peritonitis / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000188:drug therapy; D008517:Phytotherapy; D011134:Polysaccharides / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D044647:Sargassum
chemical_list: D000700:Analgesics; D000893:Anti-Inflammatory Agents; D011134:Polysaccharides; D002351:Carrageenan
keywords: Anti-inflammatory properties; Halophila ovalis; Sargassum wightii; antinociception; polysaccharides fractions