title: Leaves of Cordia boissieri A. DC. as a potential source of bioactive secondary metabolites for protection against metabolic syndrome-induced in rats.
abstract: Cordia boissieri A. DC. (Boraginaceae) is traditionally used as an herbal remedy for diabetes by Hispanic women in Southwestern USA. A recent investigation showed the significant protective effect of ethyl acetate extract against metabolic syndrome (MS). However, the corresponding active principles responsible for this effect and relations between their structure and biological actions remain unclear. Thus, ethyl acetate extract was subjected to column chromatography, which yielded seven compounds identified on the basis of spectroscopic data as rutin, hesperidin, kaempferol-3-O-β-d-glucopyranoside, rosmarinic acid, β-sitosterol-3-O-β-d-glucopyranoside, quercetin, and kaempferol. The isolated compounds (5 mg/kg/day) were tested in a fructose enriched-diet rat model using metformin as a standard drug. Blood samples were withdrawn for estimation of MS-associated biomarkers and liver samples were subjected to histopathological and immunohistochemical examination. The isolated compounds impaired most of the changes associated with MS as evidenced by improved insulin sensitivity, glucose tolerance, kidney function, lipid profiles and reduced oxidative stress and inflammation by different degrees. It is worth noting that quercetin and kaempferol showed the most potent effect. Structure-activity relationship study revealed that the presence of 2,3-double bond in ring C and ortho-hydroxylation in ring B increases the flavonoids activity while glycosylation or methylation decreased this activity.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef, Egypt, Fax: +20-2-082 2317958.
authors.forename: Asmaa I
authors.initials: AI
authors.lastname: Owis
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef, Egypt.
authors.forename: Amira M
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Abo-Youssef
authors.affiliation: Department of Oncology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt.
authors.forename: Ahmed H
authors.initials: AH
authors.lastname: Osman
mesh_terms: D000085:Acetates / Q000737:chemistry; D000818:Animals; D000893:Anti-Inflammatory Agents / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000494:pharmacology*; D000975:Antioxidants / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000494:pharmacology*; D031213:Cordia / Q000737:chemistry*; D044948:Flavonols / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000494:pharmacology; D005526:Food, Formulated / Q000009:adverse effects; D005632:Fructose / Q000009:adverse effects; D007004:Hypoglycemic Agents / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000494:pharmacology*; D044949:Kaempferols / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000494:pharmacology*; D008297:Male; D024821:Metabolic Syndrome / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000209:etiology / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D018384:Oxidative Stress / Q000187:drug effects; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000737:chemistry; D018515:Plant Leaves / Q000737:chemistry; D011794:Quercetin / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000494:pharmacology*; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D064210:Secondary Metabolism; D012997:Solvents / Q000737:chemistry; D013329:Structure-Activity Relationship
chemical_list: D000085:Acetates; D000893:Anti-Inflammatory Agents; D000975:Antioxidants; D044948:Flavonols; D007004:Hypoglycemic Agents; D044949:Kaempferols; D010936:Plant Extracts; D012997:Solvents; D005632:Fructose; C006552:kaempferol; C007650:ethyl acetate; D011794:Quercetin