title: Effects of super-hard rice bread blended with black rice bran on amyloid β peptide production and abrupt increase in postprandial blood glucose levels in mice.
abstract: Alzheimer's disease and type 2 diabetes are very serious diseases with the latter having been suggested to cause the former. We prepared super-hard rice bread blended with black rice bran (SRBBB), which contained a high amount of resistant starch that showed strong inhibitory activities against β-secretase and acetylcholinesterase even after heating. Black rice bran showed greater β-secretase inhibitory activity (3.6-fold) than Koshihikari rice. The bran contained more oleic acid and anthocyanin, meaning that it is potentially a biofunctional food with a high antioxidant capacity. Furthermore, aged mice, which were fed a SRBBB diet for four weeks, showed lower amyloid β 40 peptide in the blood than mice fed a commercial diet (p < 0.01). Additionally, their initial blood glucose levels (BGLs) after 12 weeks of being fed SRBBB were significantly lower than those in the control group. Taken together, our results indicate SRBBB shows promise for inhibiting not only amyloid β production, but also abrupt increases in postprandial BGLs.
authors.affiliation: a Faculty of Applied Life Sciences , Niigata University of Pharmacy and Applied Life Sciences , Niigata , Japan.
authors.forename: Sumiko
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Nakamura
authors.affiliation: b Faculty of Agriculture , Niigata University , Niigata , Japan.
authors.forename: Takashi
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Hara
authors.affiliation: b Faculty of Agriculture , Niigata University , Niigata , Japan.
authors.forename: Toshio
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Joh
authors.affiliation: c Echigo Seika Co., Ltd , Nagaoka , Japan.
authors.forename: Atsushi
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Kobayashi
authors.affiliation: c Echigo Seika Co., Ltd , Nagaoka , Japan.
authors.forename: Akira
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Yamazaki
authors.affiliation: d Department of Molecular Genetics , Brain Research Institute, Niigata University , Niigata , Japan.
authors.forename: Kensaku
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Kasuga
authors.affiliation: d Department of Molecular Genetics , Brain Research Institute, Niigata University , Niigata , Japan.
authors.forename: Takeshi
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Ikeuchi
authors.affiliation: a Faculty of Applied Life Sciences , Niigata University of Pharmacy and Applied Life Sciences , Niigata , Japan.
authors.forename: Ken'ichi
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Ohtsubo
mesh_terms: D000110:Acetylcholinesterase / Q000378:metabolism; D000375:Aging / Q000378:metabolism; D053829:Amyloid Precursor Protein Secretases / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors; D016229:Amyloid beta-Peptides / Q000096:biosynthesis* / Q000378:metabolism; D000818:Animals; D001786:Blood Glucose / Q000378:metabolism*; D001939:Bread; D002800:Cholinesterase Inhibitors / Q000494:pharmacology; D005227:Fatty Acids / Q000032:analysis; D051379:Mice; D012275:Oryza / Q000737:chemistry*; D010446:Peptide Fragments / Q000096:biosynthesis* / Q000378:metabolism; D019518:Postprandial Period / Q000187:drug effects*; D013213:Starch / Q000032:analysis
chemical_list: D016229:Amyloid beta-Peptides; D001786:Blood Glucose; D002800:Cholinesterase Inhibitors; D005227:Fatty Acids; D010446:Peptide Fragments; C078592:amyloid beta-protein (1-40); D013213:Starch; D000110:Acetylcholinesterase; D053829:Amyloid Precursor Protein Secretases
keywords: Alzheimer’s disease; acetylcholineesterase; diabetes; rice; β-secretase