title: Dendritic cells loading autologous tumor lysate promote tumor angiogenesis.
abstract: Dendritic cells (DC) have been exploited for vaccination against cancer for years. DC loading autologous tumor lysate (ATL-DC) have been assessed in ongoing clinical trials, but frequently do not meet expectation. In this study, we found that mice immunized with ATL-DC induced less protective anti-tumor effect than immunized with DC alone. The percentage of CD8+T cells and the lysis efficiency of CTLs to auto tumor cells in ATL-DC vaccination group was less than that of DC group. Moreover, vaccination of mice with ATL-DC also promoted tumor angiogenesis by analyzing the CD31 positive microvessel density and hemoglobin content of tumor specimens. Human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVEC) have been proved effective in the anti-angiogenesis immunity against cancer. However, in the following research we found that the anti-tumor effect was attenuated while immunized mice with HUVEC combined with ATL-DC (HUVEC + ATL-DC). Furthermore, immunized mice with HUVEC + ATL-DC profoundly increased the tumor angiogenesis by analyzing the microvessel density and hemoglobin content of tumor specimens. These data suggest that vaccination using ATL-DC antagonized HUVEC induced anti-angiogenesis effect. Our research for the first time indicated that ATL-DC have the potential to promote the process of tumor angiogenesis in vivo. As vaccines based on DC loading autologous tumor lysate have been used in clinical, this find warned that the safety of this kind of vaccine should be taken into consideration seriously.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathophysiology, Basic Medical College, Zhengzhou University, No. 100 Science Road, Zhengzhou, 450001, Henan, People's Republic of China.|Collaborative Innovation Center of Henan Province for Cancer Chemoprevention, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450001, People's Republic of China.|Department of Physiology, Basic Medical College, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450001, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Yi
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathophysiology, Basic Medical College, Zhengzhou University, No. 100 Science Road, Zhengzhou, 450001, Henan, People's Republic of China.|Collaborative Innovation Center of Henan Province for Cancer Chemoprevention, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450001, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Jing
authors.identifier: 0000-0002-9568-0031
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Lu
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathophysiology, Basic Medical College, Zhengzhou University, No. 100 Science Road, Zhengzhou, 450001, Henan, People's Republic of China.|Collaborative Innovation Center of Henan Province for Cancer Chemoprevention, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450001, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Hangfan
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathophysiology, Basic Medical College, Zhengzhou University, No. 100 Science Road, Zhengzhou, 450001, Henan, People's Republic of China.|Collaborative Innovation Center of Henan Province for Cancer Chemoprevention, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450001, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Guoguo
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Jin
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathology, Henan Cancer Hospital, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450008, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Ruihua
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Bai
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathophysiology, Basic Medical College, Zhengzhou University, No. 100 Science Road, Zhengzhou, 450001, Henan, People's Republic of China.|Collaborative Innovation Center of Henan Province for Cancer Chemoprevention, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450001, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Xiang
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathophysiology, Basic Medical College, Zhengzhou University, No. 100 Science Road, Zhengzhou, 450001, Henan, People's Republic of China.|Collaborative Innovation Center of Henan Province for Cancer Chemoprevention, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450001, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Dongyu
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathophysiology, Basic Medical College, Zhengzhou University, No. 100 Science Road, Zhengzhou, 450001, Henan, People's Republic of China.|Collaborative Innovation Center of Henan Province for Cancer Chemoprevention, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450001, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Jimin
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Zhao
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathophysiology, Basic Medical College, Zhengzhou University, No. 100 Science Road, Zhengzhou, 450001, Henan, People's Republic of China.|Collaborative Innovation Center of Henan Province for Cancer Chemoprevention, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450001, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Youtian
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Huang
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathophysiology, Basic Medical College, Zhengzhou University, No. 100 Science Road, Zhengzhou, 450001, Henan, People's Republic of China.|Collaborative Innovation Center of Henan Province for Cancer Chemoprevention, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450001, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Kangdong
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.affiliation: Department of Physiology, Basic Medical College, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450001, People's Republic of China. xingy@zzu.edu.cn.
authors.forename: Ying
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Xing
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathophysiology, Basic Medical College, Zhengzhou University, No. 100 Science Road, Zhengzhou, 450001, Henan, People's Republic of China. dongzm@zzu.edu.cn.|Collaborative Innovation Center of Henan Province for Cancer Chemoprevention, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450001, People's Republic of China. dongzm@zzu.edu.cn.
authors.forename: Ziming
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Dong
keywords: Dendritic cells; HUVEC; Tumor angiogenesis; Tumor lysate; Tumor vaccine