title: Obesity, non-communicable disease (NCD) risk factors and dietary factors among Chinese school-aged children.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  China's nutrition transition is characterized by dramatic increases in overweight and cardiometabolic (CM) risk. The burden of obesity, CM risk factors and dietary intake among Chinese children were explored.
  
  
  METHODS
  Children 7-12 y old from the 2009 China Health and Nutrition Survey with available dietary intake data, anthropometry, blood pressure, and fasting blood samples were included (n=663). CM risk prevalence was calculated; logistic regression was used to investigate the association of nutrient intakes with CM risk, adjusting for age, gender, physical activity, area of residence and income.
  
  
  RESULTS
  14% of Chinese school-aged children and ~20% of those from urban areas and higher income households had overweight/obesity (p<0.05). The prevalence of prehypertension was ~20% while hypertension was 14%. Around 20% of all children and >=30% of those from urban areas and higher income households had impaired glucose/ HbA1c (p<0.05). More than half of the studied children had pre-dyslipidemia (i.e. at least one lipid measurement above borderline levels) and 21% of children had dyslipidemia. Approximately 30% of all children had energy intakes above requirements and 38% of them had excessive proportions of dietary fat and saturated fat. Children with higher intakes of total daily energy and total and added sugars had a greater likelihood of having impaired blood pressure and glucose/HbA1c.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Childhood overweight and CM risk is prevalent in urban and rural areas of China and across different socioeconomic groups although disparities between classes still pervade. Several dietary factors such as sugars were significant correlates of CM risk.
authors.affiliation: Department of Nutrition, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA.
authors.forename: Carmen
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Piernas
authors.affiliation: Nestlé Research Center, Lausanne, Switzerland.
authors.forename: Dantong
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: Department of Nutrition, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA.
authors.forename: Shufa
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Du
authors.affiliation: National Institute for Nutrition and Health, China Center for Disease Control, Beijing, China.
authors.forename: Bing
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: Department of Nutrition, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA.|National Institute for Nutrition and Health, China Center for Disease Control, Beijing, China.
authors.forename: Zhihong
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: National Institute for Nutrition and Health, China Center for Disease Control, Beijing, China.
authors.forename: Chang
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Su
authors.affiliation: Department of Nutrition, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA. Email: popkin@unc.edu.
authors.forename: Barry M
authors.initials: BM
authors.lastname: Popkin
mesh_terms: D001786:Blood Glucose / Q000032:analysis; D002318:Cardiovascular Diseases / Q000453:epidemiology*; D002648:Child; D002681:China / Q000453:epidemiology; D004032:Diet; D004041:Dietary Fats / Q000008:administration & dosage; D050171:Dyslipidemias / Q000453:epidemiology; D002149:Energy Intake; D005260:Female; D006442:Glycated Hemoglobin / Q000032:analysis; D006801:Humans; D006973:Hypertension / Q000453:epidemiology; D007182:Income; D008297:Male; D008659:Metabolic Diseases / Q000453:epidemiology*; D009749:Nutrition Surveys; D050177:Overweight / Q000453:epidemiology; D063766:Pediatric Obesity / Q000453:epidemiology*; D012307:Risk Factors; D014505:Urban Population
chemical_list: D001786:Blood Glucose; D004041:Dietary Fats; D006442:Glycated Hemoglobin