title: Prevalence and correlates of bipolar spectrum disorder comorbid with ADHD features in nonclinical young adults.
abstract: We investigate the rate of bipolar spectrum disorder comorbid with ADHD features using two screening instruments, the Mood Disorder Questionnaire (MDQ) and the Wender Utah Rating Scale (WURS), in a nonclinical young adult population.
  
  
  
  College and graduate students aged 18 years or older from four universities in Korea were selected. Comorbidity was defined as both MDQ positivity and WURS positivity. To look for a trend in clinical characteristics according to the severity of the comorbid condition, we used the Jonckheere-Terpstra test and the linear-by-linear association test. We performed ordinal logistic regression analysis to identify predictors associated with the studied comorbid condition.
  
  
  
  A total of 1948 subjects were included in the study, and 15 (0.8%) of them were found to have the comorbid condition defined as both MDQ positivity and WURS positivity. As the severity of the comorbid condition increased, we saw trends of lower socioeconomic status, higher history of suicidality, higher history of self-mutilating behavior, higher history of parental abuse or abuse by other people, more severe depression, and more severe problematic alcohol use. The ordinal regression analysis showed that history of parental abuse, depression, and problematic alcohol use predicted the comorbid condition.
  
  
  
  We did not use standardized diagnostic tools for case findings.
  
  
  
  The condition of comorbid bipolar spectrum disorder with ADHD features had a notable prevalence of 0.8% in a nonclinical young adult sample. This comorbid condition was found to be related with serious clinical phenomenology.
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, 10, 63(yuksam)-ro, Yeongdeungpo-gu, Seoul, Korea.
authors.forename: Hee Ryung
authors.initials: HR
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, Jeju National University, #15 Aran 13gil, Jeju 63241, Korea.
authors.forename: Young-Eun
authors.initials: YE
authors.lastname: Jung
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry, Chonbuk National University Medical School, Jeonju, Korea.
authors.forename: Sang-Keun
authors.initials: SK
authors.lastname: Chung
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry, Iksan Hospital, Iksan, Korea.
authors.forename: Jeongwan
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Hong
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, Jeju National University, #15 Aran 13gil, Jeju 63241, Korea.
authors.forename: Na
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Ri Kang
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, Jeju National University, #15 Aran 13gil, Jeju 63241, Korea. Electronic address: mdkim66@jejunu.ac.kr.
authors.forename: Moon-Doo
authors.initials: MD
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, 10, 63(yuksam)-ro, Yeongdeungpo-gu, Seoul, Korea. Electronic address: wmbahk@catholic.ac.kr.
authors.forename: Won-Myong
authors.initials: WM
authors.lastname: Bahk
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D001289:Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology*; D001714:Bipolar Disorder / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology*; D015897:Comorbidity; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D016015:Logistic Models; D008297:Male; D015995:Prevalence; D011569:Psychiatric Status Rating Scales; D056910:Republic of Korea / Q000453:epidemiology; D055815:Young Adult
keywords: Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder; Bipolar disorder; Comorbidity; Screening