title: Anti-Campylobacter activity of resveratrol and an extract from waste Pinot noir grape skins and seeds, and resistance of Camp. jejuni planktonic and biofilm cells, mediated via the CmeABC efflux pump.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To define anti-Campylobacter jejuni activity of an extract from waste skins and seeds of Pinot noir grapes (GSS), resveratrol and possible resistance mechanisms, and the influence of these on Camp. jejuni morphology.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Using gene-specific knock-out Camp. jejuni mutants and an efflux pump inhibitor, we showed CmeABC as the most active efflux pump for extrusion across the outer membrane of GSS extract and resveratrol. Using polystyrene surface and pig small intestine epithelial (PSI) and human foetal small intestine (H4) cell lines, GSS extract shows an efficient inhibition of adhesion of Camp. jejuni to these abiotic and biotic surfaces.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Low doses of GSS extract can inhibit Camp. jejuni adhesion to polystyrene surfaces and to PSI and H4 cells, and can thus modulate Camp. jejuni invasion and intracellular survival.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  An understanding of the activities of GSS extract and resveratrol as bacterial growth inhibitors and the specific mechanisms of cell accumulation is crucial for our understanding of Camp. jejuni resistance. GSS extract inhibition of Camp. jejuni adhesion to abiotic and biotic surfaces provides a further step towards the application of new innovative strategies to control Campylobacter contamination and infection via the food chain.
authors.affiliation: Department of Food Science and Technology, Biotechnical Faculty, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia.
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Klančnik
authors.affiliation: Department of Food Science and Technology, Biotechnical Faculty, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia.|Medical Faculty, University of Maribor, Maribor, Slovenia.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Šikić Pogačar
authors.affiliation: Wine Research Centre, University of Nova Gorica, Vipava, Slovenia.
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Trošt
authors.affiliation: Department of Biotechnology and System Biology, National Institute of Biology, Ljubljana, Slovenia.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Tušek Žnidarič
authors.affiliation: Wine Research Centre, University of Nova Gorica, Vipava, Slovenia.
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Mozetič Vodopivec
authors.affiliation: Department of Food Science and Technology, Biotechnical Faculty, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia.
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Smole Možina
mesh_terms: D018528:ATP-Binding Cassette Transporters / Q000378:metabolism; D000818:Animals; D001422:Bacterial Adhesion / Q000187:drug effects; D001426:Bacterial Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D018441:Biofilms / Q000254:growth & development; D016123:Campylobacter jejuni / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000254:growth & development / Q000502:physiology; D002460:Cell Line; D024881:Drug Resistance, Bacterial; D004847:Epithelial Cells / Q000187:drug effects; D006801:Humans; D007422:Intestines / Q000166:cytology; D008826:Microbial Sensitivity Tests; D010933:Plankton; D011137:Polystyrenes; D000077185:Resveratrol; D012639:Seeds / Q000737:chemistry; D013267:Stilbenes / Q000494:pharmacology*; D013552:Swine; D027843:Vitis / Q000737:chemistry*
chemical_list: D018528:ATP-Binding Cassette Transporters; D001426:Bacterial Proteins; D011137:Polystyrenes; D013267:Stilbenes; D000077185:Resveratrol
keywords: 
  Campylobacter jejuni
  ; abiotic/biotic surface; antiadhesion; bioactive by-products; efflux pump