title: Evaluation of the Japanese Metabolic Syndrome Risk Score (JAMRISC): a newly developed questionnaire used as a screening tool for diagnosing metabolic syndrome and insulin resistance in Japan.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To prevent the onset of lifestyle-related diseases associated with metabolic syndrome (MetS) in Japan, research into the development of a useful screening method is strongly desired. We developed a new screening questionnaire (JAMRISC) utilizing a logistic regression model and evaluated its ability to predict the development of MetS, type 2 diabetes and other lifestyle-related diseases in Japanese populace.
  
  
  METHODS
  JAMRISC questionnaire was sent to 1,850 individuals in Rumoi, a small city in Hokkaido. We received a total of 1,054 valid responses. To maximize the target individuals accurately diagnosed with MetS, logistic regression analysis was used to generate a unique metabolic syndrome score calculation formula as taking into consideration the clinical relevance of each question item as individual coefficients.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The results of our comparative research utilizing both JAMRISC and Finnish Diabetes Risk Score (FINDRISC) questionnaires revealed the usefulness of JAMRISC for its ability to detect risks for MetS, pre-MetS, diabetes, and pre-diabetes. Study of disease risk detection via JAMRISC questionnaire targeting the 4283 residents of Rumoi indicated a high detection rate for pre-MetS (98.8 %), MetS (94.2 %), pre-diabetes (85.1 %) and type 2 diabetes (94.9 %). In addition, JAMRISC was useful not only as a MetS risk score test, but also as a screening tool for diagnosing insulin resistance.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  JAMRISC questionnaire is a useful instrument for the detection of early risk of not only MetS and type 2 diabetes but also insulin resistance.
authors.affiliation: Department of General Medicine, Rumoi Municipal Hospital, 2-16-1 Sinonome, Rumoi, 077-0011, Japan.
authors.forename: Ce
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Tan
authors.affiliation: Department of General Medicine, Rumoi Municipal Hospital, 2-16-1 Sinonome, Rumoi, 077-0011, Japan. yutaka-s@gic.ne.jp.
authors.forename: Yutaka
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Sasagawa
authors.affiliation: Center for Medical Education, Sapporo Medical University, Sapporo, 060-8556, Japan.
authors.forename: Ken-Ichi
authors.initials: KI
authors.lastname: Kamo
authors.affiliation: Department of Gastroenterology, Rumoi Municipal Hospital, Rumoi, 077-0011, Japan.
authors.forename: Takehiro
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Kukitsu
authors.affiliation: Department of Gastroenterology, Rumoi Municipal Hospital, Rumoi, 077-0011, Japan.
authors.forename: Sayaka
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Noda
authors.affiliation: Department of Gastroenterology, Rumoi Municipal Hospital, Rumoi, 077-0011, Japan.
authors.forename: Kazuma
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Ishikawa
authors.affiliation: Department of Gastroenterology, Rumoi Municipal Hospital, Rumoi, 077-0011, Japan.
authors.forename: Natsumi
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Yamauchi
authors.affiliation: Department of General Medicine, Rumoi Municipal Hospital, 2-16-1 Sinonome, Rumoi, 077-0011, Japan.
authors.forename: Takashi
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Saikawa
authors.affiliation: Department of General Medicine, Rumoi Municipal Hospital, 2-16-1 Sinonome, Rumoi, 077-0011, Japan.
authors.forename: Takanori
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Noro
authors.affiliation: Department of Gastroenterology, Rumoi Municipal Hospital, Rumoi, 077-0011, Japan.
authors.forename: Hajime
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Nakamura
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardiology, Rumoi Municipal Hospital, Rumoi, 077-0011, Japan.
authors.forename: Fumihiko
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Takahashi
authors.affiliation: NPO Rumoi Cohortopia, Rumoi, 077-0028, Japan.|Health Center, Chuo University, Tokyo, 162-8473, Japan.
authors.forename: Fumihiro
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Sata
authors.affiliation: NPO Rumoi Cohortopia, Rumoi, 077-0028, Japan.|Department of Neurosurgery, Rumoi Municipal Hospital, Rumoi, 077-0011, Japan.
authors.forename: Mitsuhiro
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Tada
authors.affiliation: NPO Rumoi Cohortopia, Rumoi, 077-0028, Japan.|Research Institute for Frontier Medicine, Sapporo Medical University, Sapporo, 060-8556, Japan.
authors.forename: Yasuo
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Kokai
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D003924:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / Q000175:diagnosis*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007333:Insulin Resistance; D007564:Japan; D016015:Logistic Models; D008297:Male; D008403:Mass Screening / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods*; D024821:Metabolic Syndrome / Q000175:diagnosis*; D008875:Middle Aged; D012307:Risk Factors; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires / Q000592:standards*
keywords: Insulin resistance; JAMRISC; Logistic regression model; Postprandial hyperglycemia; Questionnaire