title: Infection with Plasmodium berghei ookinetes alters protein expression in the brain of Anopheles albimanus mosquitoes.
abstract: The behaviour of Anopheles spp. mosquitoes, vectors for Plasmodium parasites, plays a crucial role in the propagation of malaria to humans. Consequently, it is important to understand how the behaviour of these mosquitoes is influenced by the interaction between the brain and immunological status. The nervous system is intimately linked to the immune and endocrine systems. There is evidence that the malaria parasite alters the function of these systems upon infecting the mosquito. Although there is a complex molecular interplay between the Plasmodium parasite and Anopheles mosquito, little is known about the neuronal alteration triggered by the parasite invasion. The aim of this study was to analyse the modification of the proteomic profile in the An. albimanus brain during the early phase of the Plasmodium berghei invasion.
  
  
  
  At 24 hours of the P. berghei invasion, the mosquito brain showed an increase in the concentration of proteins involved in the cellular metabolic pathway, such as ATP synthase complex alpha and beta, malate dehydrogenase, alanine transaminase, enolase and vacuolar ATP synthase. There was also a rise in the levels of proteins with neuronal function, such as calreticulin, mitofilin and creatine kinase. Concomitantly, the parasite invasion repressed the expression of synapse-associated proteins, including enolyl CoA hydratase, HSP70 and ribosomal S60 proteins.
  
  
  
  Identification of upregulated and downregulated protein expression in the mosquito brain 24 hours after Plasmodium invaded the insect midgut paves the way to better understanding the regulation of the neuro-endocrine-immune system in an insect model during parasite infection.
authors.affiliation: Centro de Investigación Sobre Enfermedades Infecciosas, Instituto Nacional de Salud Pública, Av. Universidad 655, C. P. 62100, Cuernavaca, Morelos, México.
authors.forename: Alejandro
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Alvarado-Delgado
authors.affiliation: Centro de Investigación Sobre Enfermedades Infecciosas, Instituto Nacional de Salud Pública, Av. Universidad 655, C. P. 62100, Cuernavaca, Morelos, México.
authors.forename: Guillermo
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Perales Ortiz
authors.affiliation: Centro de Investigación Sobre Enfermedades Infecciosas, Instituto Nacional de Salud Pública, Av. Universidad 655, C. P. 62100, Cuernavaca, Morelos, México.
authors.forename: Ángel T
authors.initials: ÁT
authors.lastname: Tello-López
authors.affiliation: Centro de Ciencias Genómicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Cuernavaca, México.
authors.forename: Sergio
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Encarnación
authors.affiliation: Centro de Investigación Sobre Enfermedades Infecciosas, Instituto Nacional de Salud Pública, Av. Universidad 655, C. P. 62100, Cuernavaca, Morelos, México.
authors.forename: Renaud
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Conde
authors.affiliation: Centro de Ciencias Genómicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Cuernavaca, México.
authors.forename: Ángel G
authors.initials: ÁG
authors.lastname: Martínez-Batallar
authors.affiliation: Centro de Investigación Sobre Enfermedades Infecciosas, Instituto Nacional de Salud Pública, Av. Universidad 655, C. P. 62100, Cuernavaca, Morelos, México.
authors.forename: Ken
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Moran-Francia
authors.affiliation: Centro de Investigación Sobre Enfermedades Infecciosas, Instituto Nacional de Salud Pública, Av. Universidad 655, C. P. 62100, Cuernavaca, Morelos, México. humberto@insp.mx.
authors.forename: Humberto
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Lanz-Mendoza
mesh_terms: D025181:ATP Synthetase Complexes / Q000378:metabolism; D000410:Alanine Transaminase / Q000378:metabolism; D000818:Animals; D000852:Anopheles / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000469:parasitology*; D001921:Brain / Q000378:metabolism / Q000469:parasitology / Q000473:pathology; D037282:Calreticulin / Q000378:metabolism; D052283:Creatine Kinase, MM Form / Q000378:metabolism; D018840:HSP70 Heat-Shock Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D006790:Host-Parasite Interactions; D008291:Malate Dehydrogenase / Q000378:metabolism; D009474:Neurons / Q000378:metabolism / Q000469:parasitology; D010751:Phosphopyruvate Hydratase / Q000378:metabolism; D010962:Plasmodium berghei / Q000502:physiology*; D040901:Proteomics
chemical_list: D037282:Calreticulin; D018840:HSP70 Heat-Shock Proteins; D008291:Malate Dehydrogenase; D000410:Alanine Transaminase; D052283:Creatine Kinase, MM Form; D025181:ATP Synthetase Complexes; D010751:Phosphopyruvate Hydratase
keywords: Anopheles albimanus; Brain; Neuron; Ookinete; Plasmodium; Proteomic