title: Synergistic efficacy of salicylic acid with a penetration enhancer on human skin monitored by OCT and diffuse reflectance spectroscopy.
abstract: Salicylic acid (SA) has been frequently used as a facial chemical peeling agent (FCPA) in various cosmetics for facial rejuvenation and dermatological treatments in the clinic. However, there is a tradeoff between therapeutic effectiveness and possible adverse effects caused by this agent for cosmetologists. To optimize the cosmetic efficacy with minimal concentration, we proposed a chemical permeation enhancer (CPE) azone to synergistically work with SA on human skin in vivo. The optical properties of human skin after being treated with SA alone and SA combined with azone (SA@azone) were successively investigated by diffuse reflectance spectroscopy (DRS) and optical coherence tomography (OCT). Our results revealed that as the SA concentration increased, the light reflectance decreased and the absorption increased. We also found that SA@azone exhibited a synergistic effect on enhancing light penetration and OCT imaging depth. We demonstrated that the combination of DRS and OCT techniques could be used as a noninvasive, rapid and accurate measurement method to monitor the subtle changes of skin tissue after treatment with FCPA and CPE. The approach will greatly benefit the development of clinical cosmetic surgery, dermatosis diagnosis and therapeutic effect inspection in related biomedical studies.
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics &Center for Molecular Imaging and Translational Medicine, School of Public Health, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China.
authors.forename: Qingliang
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Zhao
authors.affiliation: College of Physics, Shanghai Institute of Technology, Shanghai 201418, China.
authors.forename: Cuixia
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Dai
authors.affiliation: College of Life Information Science and Instrument Engineering, Hangzhou Dianzi University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310018, China.
authors.forename: Shanhui
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Fan
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics &Center for Molecular Imaging and Translational Medicine, School of Public Health, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China.
authors.forename: Jing
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Lv
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics &Center for Molecular Imaging and Translational Medicine, School of Public Health, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China.
authors.forename: Liming
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Nie
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001381:Azepines / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000493:pharmacokinetics; D004357:Drug Synergism; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007641:Keratolytic Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000493:pharmacokinetics; D008297:Male; D020156:Salicylic Acid / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000493:pharmacokinetics; D012867:Skin / Q000187:drug effects*; D013057:Spectrum Analysis; D041623:Tomography, Optical Coherence; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D001381:Azepines; D007641:Keratolytic Agents; C035229:laurocapram; D020156:Salicylic Acid