title: Chemical Restraint of Free-ranging South American Coatis ( Nasua nasua ) with a Combination of Tiletamine and Zolazepam.
abstract: We describe the use of a combination of tiletamine and zolazepam (Zoletil®) for chemical restraint of South American coatis ( Nasua nasua ) under field conditions. We immobilized 53 coatis from a free-ranging population at Iguaçu National Park, Brazil, with Zoletil. Males and females (1.0-8.7 kg) of different age groups participated in the study. Four dosage (milligram per kilogram body weight) groups were created based on quartiles as follows: 1) 4.76-6.68 mg/kg (n=13), 2) 6.83-7.71 mg/kg (n=13), 3) 7.72-8.68 mg/kg (n=18), and 4) 8.98-11.57 mg/kg (n=9). Variables analyzed were sex, age, body weight, dosage, induction time, handling time (HT: time elapsed between the onset of immobilization and first signs of recovery), time from injection to first stand-up posture after anesthesia, heart and respiratory rates, and body temperature. Mean (±SD) induction time was 2.9 (±1.4) min and was positively correlated with age. In dosage groups 1-4, mean HTs were 40.3 (±24.0), 64.5 (±19.1), 54.8 (±15.0), and 60.3 (±12.0), respectively. Handling time had a positive linear relationship with age and body weight, but the relationship between HT and dosage was nonlinear. Group 1 had a shorter HT compared to the other groups combined. Time from injection to first stand-up was 105.0 (±33.5) min. Zoletil was quick acting and safe for immobilization of coatis in the wild.
authors.affiliation: 1 Instituto Pró-Carnívoros, Av. Horácio Neto, 1030, Parque Edmundo Zanoni, 12945-010, Atibaia, SP, Brazil.|2 Animal Science Graduate Program, University of Franca-UNIFRAN, Av. Dr. Armando Salles Oliveira, 201, Parque Universitário, 14404-600, Franca, SP, Brazil.
authors.forename: Valéria Amorim
authors.initials: VA
authors.lastname: Conforti
authors.affiliation: 1 Instituto Pró-Carnívoros, Av. Horácio Neto, 1030, Parque Edmundo Zanoni, 12945-010, Atibaia, SP, Brazil.|3 Department of Natural Sciences, Federal University of São João del-Rei-UFSJ, Praça Dom Helvécio, 74, Fábricas, 36301-160, São João del-Rei, MG, Brazil.
authors.forename: Fernando Cesar Cascelli
authors.initials: FC
authors.lastname: de Azevedo
authors.affiliation: 2 Animal Science Graduate Program, University of Franca-UNIFRAN, Av. Dr. Armando Salles Oliveira, 201, Parque Universitário, 14404-600, Franca, SP, Brazil.
authors.forename: Otávio Luís
authors.initials: OL
authors.lastname: de Oliveira Henriques Paulo
authors.affiliation: 4 Itaipu Binacional, Refúgio Biológico Bela Vista, Av. Tancredo Neves, 6702, 85870-570, Foz do Iguaçu, PR, Brazil.
authors.forename: Wanderlei
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: de Moraes
authors.affiliation: 5 Department of Mathematical Sciences, University of Cincinnati, 2600 Clifton Ave., Cincinnati, Ohio 45211, USA.
authors.forename: James Albert
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Deddens
mesh_terms: D000778:Anesthetics, Dissociative / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D000818:Animals; D000835:Animals, Wild; D001938:Brazil; D004338:Drug Combinations; D005260:Female; D006339:Heart Rate; D007103:Immobilization / Q000662:veterinary*; D008297:Male; D045988:Procyonidae; D012119:Respiration; D013992:Tiletamine / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D015041:Zolazepam / Q000008:administration & dosage*
chemical_list: D000778:Anesthetics, Dissociative; D004338:Drug Combinations; D013992:Tiletamine; D015041:Zolazepam
keywords: Anesthesia; Zoletil; carnivore; coatimundi; immobilization; procyonid; tiletamine; zolazepam