title: Evaluation of mesoporous carbon aerogels as carriers of the non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug ibuprofen.
abstract: Towards the development of novel drug carriers for oral delivery of poorly soluble drugs mesoporous aerogel carbons (CAs), namely CA10 and CA20 with different pore sizes (10 and 20nm, respectively), were evaluated. The non-steroidal anti-inflammatory lipophilic compound ibuprofen was incorporated via passive loading. The drug loaded carbon aerogels were systemically investigated by means of High-Resolution Transmission Electron Microscopy (HR-TEM), Nitrogen physisorption studies, X-ray diffraction (XRD), Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC), X-ray photon electron spectroscopy (XPS) and ζ-potential studies. In vitro release studies were performed in simulated intestinal fluids reflecting both fasted (FaSSIF) and fed (FeSSIF) state conditions. Cytotoxicity studies were conducted with human intestinal cells (Caco-2). Drug was in an amorphous state in the pores of the carbon carrier as shown from the physicochemical characterization studies. The results showed marked differences in the release profiles for ibuprofen from the two aerogels in the media tested whereas in vitro toxicity profiles appear to be compatible with potential therapeutic applications at low concentrations.
authors.affiliation: School of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, GR-54124, Greece.
authors.forename: Georgios K
authors.initials: GK
authors.lastname: Eleftheriadis
authors.affiliation: EMAT, University of Antwerp, Groenenborgerlaan 171, B-2020 Antwerp, Belgium.
authors.forename: Maria
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Filippousi
authors.affiliation: School of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmacology, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, GR-54124, Greece; Foundation for Research and Technology, Hellas-Institute of Chemical Engineering and High Temperature Chemical Processes (FORTH/ICE-HT), P.O. Box 1414, GR-26504 Patras, Greece.
authors.forename: Vassiliki
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Tsachouridou
authors.affiliation: School of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, GR-54124, Greece.
authors.forename: Maria-Anna
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Darda
authors.affiliation: Foundation for Research and Technology, Hellas-Institute of Chemical Engineering and High Temperature Chemical Processes (FORTH/ICE-HT), P.O. Box 1414, GR-26504 Patras, Greece.
authors.forename: Lamprini
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Sygellou
authors.affiliation: Department of Materials Science, University of Patras, 26504 Rio, Patras, Greece.
authors.forename: Ioanna
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Kontopoulou
authors.affiliation: Department of Materials Science, University of Patras, 26504 Rio, Patras, Greece.
authors.forename: Nikolaos
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Bouropoulos
authors.affiliation: National Center for Scientific Research "Demokritos", 15341 Agia Paraskevi Attikis, Greece.
authors.forename: Theodore
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Steriotis
authors.affiliation: National Center for Scientific Research "Demokritos", 15341 Agia Paraskevi Attikis, Greece.
authors.forename: Georgia
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Charalambopoulou
authors.affiliation: School of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmacology, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, GR-54124, Greece.
authors.forename: Ioannis S
authors.initials: IS
authors.lastname: Vizirianakis
authors.affiliation: EMAT, University of Antwerp, Groenenborgerlaan 171, B-2020 Antwerp, Belgium.
authors.forename: Gustaaf
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Van Tendeloo
authors.affiliation: School of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, GR-54124, Greece. Electronic address: dfatouro@pharm.auth.gr.
authors.forename: Dimitrios G
authors.initials: DG
authors.lastname: Fatouros
mesh_terms: D000894:Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000737:chemistry*; D018938:Caco-2 Cells; D002152:Calorimetry, Differential Scanning / Q000379:methods; D002244:Carbon / Q000737:chemistry*; D045744:Cell Line, Tumor; D004337:Drug Carriers / Q000737:chemistry*; D005782:Gels / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000737:chemistry*; D006801:Humans; D007052:Ibuprofen / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000737:chemistry*; D046529:Microscopy, Electron, Transmission / Q000379:methods; D010316:Particle Size; D016062:Porosity; D012995:Solubility; D014961:X-Ray Diffraction / Q000379:methods
chemical_list: D000894:Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal; D004337:Drug Carriers; D005782:Gels; D002244:Carbon; D007052:Ibuprofen
keywords: Carbon aerogels; Oral delivery; Poorly soluble drugs; Simulated intestinal fluids