title: Prostaglandins mediate zymosan-induced sickness behavior in mice.
abstract: Previous studies have demonstrated that zymosan, a cell wall component of the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae, induces inflammation in experimental models. However, few studies have evaluated the potential of zymosan to induce sickness behavior, a central motivational state that allows an organism to cope with infection. To determine whether zymosan administration results in sickness behavior, mice were submitted to the forced swim (FST) and open field (OFT) tests 2, 6, and 24 h after treatment with zymosan (1, 10, or 100 mg/kg). Additionally, to evaluate the possible relationship between zymosan-induced sickness behavior and prostaglandin synthesis, mice were pretreated with the cyclooxygenase inhibitors indomethacin (10 mg/kg) and nimesulide (5 mg/kg) and the glucocorticoid drug dexamethasone (1 mg/kg). Zymosan induced time-dependent decreases in locomotor activity in the OFT, and an increase in immobility in the FST, and increased plasma levels of corticosterone at 2 h. Pretreatment with indomethacin, nimesulide, or dexamethasone blocked zymosan-induced behavioral changes in both the FST and OFT at 2 h post administration. These findings confirm previous observations that zymosan induces sickness behavior. Furthermore, our results provide new evidence that prostaglandin synthesis is necessary for this effect, as anti-inflammatory drugs that inhibit prostaglandin synthesis attenuated zymosan-induced behavioral changes.
authors.affiliation: Department of Physiology, Ribeirão Preto School of Medicine, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil.
authors.forename: Juliana B M
authors.initials: JBM
authors.lastname: Lima
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Translational Physiology, Department of Physiological Sciences, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Federal University of Alfenas-MG, Av. Jovino Fernandes Sales, 2600 Prédio E, Sala 300, 37130-000, Alfenas, MG, Brazil.
authors.forename: Clarice C
authors.initials: CC
authors.lastname: Veloso
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Translational Physiology, Department of Physiological Sciences, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Federal University of Alfenas-MG, Av. Jovino Fernandes Sales, 2600 Prédio E, Sala 300, 37130-000, Alfenas, MG, Brazil.
authors.forename: Fabiana C
authors.initials: FC
authors.lastname: Vilela
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Translational Physiology, Department of Physiological Sciences, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Federal University of Alfenas-MG, Av. Jovino Fernandes Sales, 2600 Prédio E, Sala 300, 37130-000, Alfenas, MG, Brazil. agiustipaiva@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Alexandre
authors.identifier: http://orcid.org/0000-0001-5059-9988
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Giusti-Paiva
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001522:Behavior, Animal / Q000187:drug effects; D003907:Dexamethasone / Q000494:pharmacology; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D005938:Glucocorticoids / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology; D055809:Illness Behavior / Q000187:drug effects*; D007213:Indomethacin / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology*; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D011448:Prostaglandin Antagonists / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D011453:Prostaglandins / Q000378:metabolism*; D013449:Sulfonamides / Q000494:pharmacology*; D015054:Zymosan / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000633:toxicity*
chemical_list: D005938:Glucocorticoids; D011448:Prostaglandin Antagonists; D011453:Prostaglandins; D013449:Sulfonamides; D003907:Dexamethasone; D015054:Zymosan; C012655:nimesulide; D007213:Indomethacin
keywords: Cyclooxygenase; Fungal infection; Prostaglandin; Saccharomyces cerevisiae; Sickness behavior; Zymosan