title: Rapid selective accelerated solvent extraction and simultaneous determination of herbicide atrazine and its metabolites in fruit by ultra high performance liquid chromatography.
abstract: A selective accelerated solvent extraction procedure achieved one step extraction and cleanup for analysis of herbicide atrazine and its metabolites in fruit. Using a BEH C18 analytical column and the gradient mode with 2 mM ammonium acetate aqueous solution/acetonitrile as a mobile phase achieved effective chromatographic separation of the five analytes within 4 min. The calibration curves were linear over two orders of magnitude of concentration with correlation coefficients (r) of 0.9996-0.9999. The method limit of quantification was 1, 2, 1.5, 3, and 2 μg/kg for atrazine, desethylatrazine, desisopropylatrazine, desethyldesisopropylatrazine, and hydroxyatrazine, respectively, in the case of atrazine it is at least two orders of magnitude lower than the maximum residue limit (0.25 mg/kg). The intra-day and inter-day precisions of the five analytes were in the range of 2.1-3.5 and 3.1-4.8 %, respectively. The recoveries of the five analytes at three spiked levels varied from 85.9 to 107% with a relative standard deviation of 1.8-4.9% for pear and apple samples. The ultra high performance liquid chromatography with diode array detection method was proved to be fast, inexpensive, selective, sensitive, and accurate for the quantification of the analytes in pear and apple samples.
authors.affiliation: College of Chemistry and Environmental Science, Hebei University, Key Laboratory of Analytical Science and Technology of Hebei Province, Baoding, China.
authors.forename: Licong
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Jia
authors.affiliation: College of Chemistry and Environmental Science, Hebei University, Key Laboratory of Analytical Science and Technology of Hebei Province, Baoding, China.
authors.forename: Ming
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Su
authors.affiliation: College of Chemistry and Environmental Science, Hebei University, Key Laboratory of Analytical Science and Technology of Hebei Province, Baoding, China.
authors.forename: Xingqiang
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Wu
authors.affiliation: College of Chemistry and Environmental Science, Hebei University, Key Laboratory of Analytical Science and Technology of Hebei Province, Baoding, China.
authors.forename: Hanwen
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Sun
mesh_terms: D001280:Atrazine / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D002851:Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; D005638:Fruit / Q000737:chemistry*; D006540:Herbicides / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D012997:Solvents; D053719:Tandem Mass Spectrometry
chemical_list: D006540:Herbicides; D012997:Solvents; D001280:Atrazine
keywords: Accelerated solvent extraction; Atrazine; Fruit; Metabolites; Ultra high performance liquid chromatography