title: Unraveling the Posterolateral Corner of the Knee.
abstract: Although rare, posterolateral corner (PLC) injuries can result in sustained instability and failed cruciate ligament reconstruction if they are not diagnosed. The anatomy of the PLC was once thought to be perplexing and esoteric-in part because of the varying nomenclature applied to this region in the literature, which added unnecessary complexity. More recently, three major structures have been described as the primary stabilizers of the PLC on the basis of biomechanical study findings: the lateral collateral ligament, popliteus tendon, and popliteofibular ligament. An understanding of the anatomic relationships of these structures with each other and with the surrounding osseous structures is invaluable for improving the diagnostic accuracy of magnetic resonance (MR) imaging in the detection of PLC injuries and allowing a structured and systematic approach when interpreting the imaging findings. The majority of PLC injuries do not occur in isolation and are part of a more complex injury pattern that typically involves other vital supporting structures such as the cruciate ligaments, menisci, and medial ligamentous structures. Therefore, imaging has an ever-increasing role in the recognition of these injuries, as the clinical findings may be difficult to interpret adequately owing to synchronous injuries that dominate the physical examination findings. Furthermore, the diagnosis of acute high-grade PLC injuries is critical because early and aggressive treatment, for which surgical reconstruction is often required, leads to improved long-term outcomes and the prevention of persistent instability that would otherwise result in varus thrust gait, chronic pain, and accelerated cartilage damage.©RSNA, 2016.
authors.affiliation: From the Department of Radiology, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, 600 Highland Ave, Madison, WI 53792-3252.
authors.forename: Humberto G
authors.initials: HG
authors.lastname: Rosas
mesh_terms: D001175:Arthrography / Q000379:methods; D003937:Diagnosis, Differential; D019317:Evidence-Based Medicine; D006801:Humans; D007089:Image Enhancement / Q000379:methods; D007718:Knee Injuries / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D008022:Ligaments / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000293:injuries*; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging / Q000379:methods*; D056888:Patient Positioning / Q000379:methods; D017695:Soft Tissue Injuries / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D013708:Tendon Injuries / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*