title: Can IQ predict parent-reported behavioral and emotional problems in children with neurological deficiencies?
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The aim of the current study was to investigate whether total intelligence scores (FSIQ) and/or a discrepancy in intelligence can predict behavioral or emotional problems in children with neurological deficiencies.
  
  
  METHODS
  The population consists of children with neurological deficiencies (N = 610, ranging from 6 to 17 years), referred due to concerns on the (educational) development of the child to a tertiary outpatient clinic. All children were tested with the Dutch Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children - third edition (WISC-III-NL). A VIQ-PIQ discrepancy score was calculated by subtracting the performance capacities of the verbal capacities. The effects of demographic variables, FSIQ, and the VIQ-PIQ discrepancy on two parent-rated questionnaires measuring behavior and emotions in children were analyzed with linear and logistic regression models.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The VIQ-PIQ discrepancy was not predictive of behavioral or emotional problems recorded on the above-mentioned parent-rated questionnaires. The FSIQ score, age, and sex were predictive to some extent: increases in age and FSIQ led to a decrease of reported problems, and boys showed more problems than girls. Children with neurological deficiencies had on average significantly higher verbal capacities than performance capacities, in line with the neuropsychological principle that language survives brain damage whereas performance capacities are more affected.
authors.affiliation: Kempenhaeghe, Department of Neurological Learning Disabilities, P.O. Box 61, 5590 AB Heeze, The Netherlands. Electronic address: peijnenborghj@kempenhaeghe.nl.
authors.forename: Janneke C A W
authors.initials: JCAW
authors.lastname: Peijnenborgh
authors.affiliation: Kempenhaeghe, Department of Neurological Learning Disabilities, P.O. Box 61, 5590 AB Heeze, The Netherlands. Electronic address: abeelens@kempenhaeghe.nl.
authors.forename: Sandra A M
authors.initials: SAM
authors.lastname: van Abeelen
authors.affiliation: Maastricht University, Faculty of Psychology and Neuroscience, Universiteitssingel 40, 6229 ER Maastricht, The Netherlands. Electronic address: pm.hurks@maastrichtuniversity.nl.
authors.forename: Petra P M
authors.initials: PPM
authors.lastname: Hurks
authors.affiliation: Kempenhaeghe, Department of Neurological Learning Disabilities, P.O. Box 61, 5590 AB Heeze, The Netherlands. Electronic address: laridona@kempenhaeghe.nl.
authors.forename: Annick M
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Laridon
authors.affiliation: Kempenhaeghe, Department of Neurological Learning Disabilities, P.O. Box 61, 5590 AB Heeze, The Netherlands; Department of Neurology, Maastricht University Medical Center, P.O. Box 5800, 6202 AZ Maastricht, The Netherlands. Electronic address: s.klinkenberg@mumc.nl.
authors.forename: Sylvia
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Klinkenberg
authors.affiliation: Kempenhaeghe Epilepsy Centre, Department of Behavioral Sciences, P.O. Box 61, 5590 AB Heeze, The Netherlands. Electronic address: aldenkampb@kempenhaeghe.nl.
authors.forename: Albert P
authors.initials: AP
authors.lastname: Aldenkamp
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, Maastricht University Medical Center, P.O. Box 5800, 6202 AZ Maastricht, The Netherlands. Electronic address: jsh.vles@mumc.nl.
authors.forename: Johan S H
authors.initials: JSH
authors.lastname: Vles
authors.affiliation: Kempenhaeghe, Department of Neurological Learning Disabilities, P.O. Box 61, 5590 AB Heeze, The Netherlands. Electronic address: hendriksenj@kempenhaeghe.nl.
authors.forename: Jos G M
authors.initials: JGM
authors.lastname: Hendriksen
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000342:Affective Symptoms / Q000150:complications* / Q000523:psychology*; D000375:Aging / Q000523:psychology; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007361:Intelligence Tests; D008297:Male; D009422:Nervous System Diseases / Q000150:complications* / Q000523:psychology*; D010290:Parents; D011237:Predictive Value of Tests; D000066553:Problem Behavior / Q000523:psychology*; D012727:Sex Characteristics; D014888:Wechsler Scales
keywords: Assessment; Behavioral functioning; Children; Emotional functioning; IQ; Neurology