title: Speech recognition outcomes in Mandarin-speaking cochlear implant users with fine structure processing.
abstract: CONCLUSIONS
  Mandarin-speaking adults can use the Fine Structure Processing (FSP) coding strategy as well as the Continuous Interleaved Sampling (CIS+) coding strategy. No loss in performance was observed after switch-over. Tone identification improves over time with the FSP coding strategy, which is of benefit to tonal-language users. After some time, fine structure was preferred.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  This study aimed to determine speech perception, tone perception, and the subjective preferences of Mandarin-speaking adults who received the FSP coding strategy, at upgrade from the CIS + coding strategy.
  
  
  METHODS
  Thirteen Mandarin-speaking subjects were tested at switch-over from CIS + to the FSP coding strategy ∼1-month after switch-over, 2-months after switch-over, and 3-months after switch-over with the Mandarin Hearing in Noise Test (M-HINT), the Mandarin Tone Identification in Noise Test (M-TINT), and a visual analogue scale assessing Sound and Speech Assessment (SSA).
  
  
  RESULTS
  There were no significant differences in the M-HINT between presentation levels (62 dB SPL vs 65 dB SPL), over time, nor when compared to the CIS + coding strategy. Tone perception improved significantly over time with the FSP coding strategy. Subjects rated the FSP coding strategy with the OPUS 2 as significantly more 'full' and 'rich' than with the CIS + coding strategy after 3-months.
authors.affiliation: a Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery , Beijing TongRen Hospital, Capital Medical University , Beijing , PR China.|b Key Laboratory of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery (Ministry of Education) , Beijing Institute of Otolaryngology , Beijing , PR China.
authors.forename: Beier
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Qi
authors.affiliation: c Civil Aviation General Hospitals , Beijing , PR China.
authors.forename: Ziye
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.affiliation: a Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery , Beijing TongRen Hospital, Capital Medical University , Beijing , PR China.|b Key Laboratory of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery (Ministry of Education) , Beijing Institute of Otolaryngology , Beijing , PR China.
authors.forename: Xin
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Gu
authors.affiliation: a Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery , Beijing TongRen Hospital, Capital Medical University , Beijing , PR China.|b Key Laboratory of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery (Ministry of Education) , Beijing Institute of Otolaryngology , Beijing , PR China.
authors.forename: Bo
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Liu
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001302:Audiometry, Speech; D002681:China; D003054:Cochlear Implants; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009622:Noise; D013067:Speech Perception; D055815:Young Adult
keywords: Mandarin; cochlear implant; fine structure; sound coding strategy; tone identification