title: Mechanistic insights into sodium storage in hard carbon anodes using local structure probes.
abstract: Operando23Na solid-state NMR and pair distribution function analysis experiments provide insights into the structure of hard carbon anodes in sodium-ion batteries. Capacity results from "diamagnetic" sodium ions first adsorbing onto pore surfaces, defects and between expanded layers, before pooling into larger quasi-metallic clusters/expanded carbon sheets at lower voltages.
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Lensfield Road, Cambridge, CB2 1EW, UK. cpg27@cam.ac.uk.
authors.forename: Joshua M
authors.identifier: http://orcid.org/0000-0002-6867-4226
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Stratford
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Lensfield Road, Cambridge, CB2 1EW, UK. cpg27@cam.ac.uk and Gonville and Caius College, Trinity Street, Cambridge, CB2 1TA, UK and Diamond Light Source Ltd., Harwell Science and Innovation Campus, Didcot, OX11 0DE, UK.
authors.forename: Phoebe K
authors.initials: PK
authors.lastname: Allan
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Lensfield Road, Cambridge, CB2 1EW, UK. cpg27@cam.ac.uk.
authors.forename: Oliver
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Pecher
authors.affiliation: Diamond Light Source Ltd., Harwell Science and Innovation Campus, Didcot, OX11 0DE, UK.
authors.forename: Philip A
authors.initials: PA
authors.lastname: Chater
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Lensfield Road, Cambridge, CB2 1EW, UK. cpg27@cam.ac.uk.
authors.forename: Clare P
authors.initials: CP
authors.lastname: Grey