title: Characterization of optimal resting tension in human pulmonary arteries.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To determine the optimum resting tension (ORT) for in vitro human pulmonary artery (PA) ring preparations.
  
  
  METHODS
  Pulmonary arteries were dissected from disease free sections of the resected lung in the operating theatre and tissue samples were directly sent to the laboratory in Krebs-Henseleit solution (Krebs). The pulmonary arteries were then cut into 2 mm long rings. PA rings were mounted in 25 mL organ baths or 8 mL myograph chambers containing Krebs compound (37 °C, bubbled with 21% O2: 5% CO2) to measure changes in isometric tension. The resting tension was set at 1-gram force (gf) with vessels being left static to equilibrate for duration of one hour. Baseline contractile reactions to 40 mmol/L KCl were obtained from a resting tension of 1 gf. Contractile reactions to 40 mmol/L KCl were then obtained from stepwise increases in resting tension (1.2, 1.4, 1.6, 1.8 and 2.0 gf).
  
  
  RESULTS
  Twenty PA rings of internal diameter between 2-4 mm were prepared from 4 patients. In human PA rings incrementing the tension during rest stance by 0.6 gf, up to 1.6 gf significantly augmented the 40 mmol/L KCl stimulated tension. Further enhancement of active tension by 0.4 gf, up to 2.0 gf mitigate the 40 mmol/L KCl stimulated reaction. Both Myograph and the organ bath demonstrated identical conclusions, supporting that the radial optimal resting tension for human PA ring was 1.61 g.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The radial optimal resting tension in our experiment is 1.61 gf (15.78 mN) for human PA rings.
authors.affiliation: Azar Hussain, Robert T Bennett, Mubarak A Chaudhry, Syed S Qadri, Mike Cowen, Mahmoud Loubani, Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Castle Hill Hospital, Cottingham HU16 5JQ, United Kingdom.
authors.forename: Azar
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Hussain
authors.affiliation: Azar Hussain, Robert T Bennett, Mubarak A Chaudhry, Syed S Qadri, Mike Cowen, Mahmoud Loubani, Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Castle Hill Hospital, Cottingham HU16 5JQ, United Kingdom.
authors.forename: Robert T
authors.initials: RT
authors.lastname: Bennett
authors.affiliation: Azar Hussain, Robert T Bennett, Mubarak A Chaudhry, Syed S Qadri, Mike Cowen, Mahmoud Loubani, Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Castle Hill Hospital, Cottingham HU16 5JQ, United Kingdom.
authors.forename: Mubarak A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Chaudhry
authors.affiliation: Azar Hussain, Robert T Bennett, Mubarak A Chaudhry, Syed S Qadri, Mike Cowen, Mahmoud Loubani, Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Castle Hill Hospital, Cottingham HU16 5JQ, United Kingdom.
authors.forename: Syed S
authors.initials: SS
authors.lastname: Qadri
authors.affiliation: Azar Hussain, Robert T Bennett, Mubarak A Chaudhry, Syed S Qadri, Mike Cowen, Mahmoud Loubani, Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Castle Hill Hospital, Cottingham HU16 5JQ, United Kingdom.
authors.forename: Mike
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Cowen
authors.affiliation: Azar Hussain, Robert T Bennett, Mubarak A Chaudhry, Syed S Qadri, Mike Cowen, Mahmoud Loubani, Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Castle Hill Hospital, Cottingham HU16 5JQ, United Kingdom.
authors.forename: Alyn H
authors.initials: AH
authors.lastname: Morice
authors.affiliation: Azar Hussain, Robert T Bennett, Mubarak A Chaudhry, Syed S Qadri, Mike Cowen, Mahmoud Loubani, Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Castle Hill Hospital, Cottingham HU16 5JQ, United Kingdom.
authors.forename: Mahmoud
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Loubani
keywords: Human; Optimal resting tension; Pulmonary artery; Pulmonary artery rings; Pulmonary hypertension