title: Antidermatophytic Action of Resorcinol Derivatives: Ultrastructural Evidence of the Activity of Phenylethyl Resorcinol against Microsporum gypseum.
abstract: In this work, we evaluated the antidermatophytic activities of three resorcinol derivatives that have a history of use in dermo-cosmetic applications to discover molecules with multiple dermatological activities (i.e., multi-target drugs), thereby reducing the cost and time necessary for new drug development. The antidermatophytic activities of the three skin lighteners were evaluated relative to the known antifungal drug fluconazole on nine dermatophytes responsible for the most common dermatomycoses:Microsporum gypseum,Microsporum canis,Trichophyton violaceum,Arthroderma cajetani,Trichophyton mentagrophytes,Epidermophyton floccosum,Nannizzia gypsea,Trichophyton rubrumandTrichophyton tonsurans. Among the three tested resorcinols, only two showed promising properties, with the ability to inhibit the growth of all tested dermatophytes; additionally, the IC50values of these two resorcinols against the nine dermatophytes confirmed their good antifungal activity, particularly for phenylethyl resorcinol againstM. gypseum. Ultrastructural alterations exhibited by the fungus were observed using scanning electron microscopy and transmission electron microscopy and reflected a dose-dependent response to treatment with the activation of defence and self-preservation strategies.
authors.affiliation: Department of Life Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Viale Caduti in Guerra 127, 41121 Modena, Italy. carlo.romagnoli@unimore.it.
authors.forename: Carlo
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Romagnoli
authors.affiliation: Department of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Master Course in Cosmetic Science and Technology, University of Ferrara, Via Fossato di Mortara 17-19, 44121 Ferrara, Italy. bldnna@unife.it.
authors.forename: Anna
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Baldisserotto
authors.affiliation: Department of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Master Course in Cosmetic Science and Technology, University of Ferrara, Via Fossato di Mortara 17-19, 44121 Ferrara, Italy. chiara.vicentini@unife.it.
authors.forename: Chiara B
authors.initials: CB
authors.lastname: Vicentini
authors.affiliation: Department of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Master Course in Cosmetic Science and Technology, University of Ferrara, Via Fossato di Mortara 17-19, 44121 Ferrara, Italy. donatella.mares@unife.it.
authors.forename: Donatella
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Mares
authors.affiliation: Department of Life Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Viale Caduti in Guerra 127, 41121 Modena, Italy. elisa.andreotti@unimore.it.
authors.forename: Elisa
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Andreotti
authors.affiliation: Department of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Master Course in Cosmetic Science and Technology, University of Ferrara, Via Fossato di Mortara 17-19, 44121 Ferrara, Italy. silvia.vertuani@unife.it.
authors.forename: Silvia
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Vertuani
authors.affiliation: Department of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Master Course in Cosmetic Science and Technology, University of Ferrara, Via Fossato di Mortara 17-19, 44121 Ferrara, Italy. mv9@unife.it.
authors.forename: Stefano
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Manfredini
mesh_terms: D000935:Antifungal Agents / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology; D003881:Dermatomycoses / Q000188:drug therapy*; D008864:Microsporum / Q000254:growth & development* / Q000648:ultrastructure; D012118:Resorcinols / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology
chemical_list: D000935:Antifungal Agents; D012118:Resorcinols; C031389:resorcinol
keywords: Microsporum gypseum; SEM; TEM; antifungal activity; dermatophytes; resorcinol derivatives