title: Identification and Chemical Standardization of Licorice Raw Materials and Dietary Supplements Using UHPLC-MS/MS.
abstract: Defined as the roots and underground stems of principally three Glycyrrhiza species, Glycyrrhiza glabra L., Glycyrrhiza uralensis Fish. ex DC., and Glycyrrhiza inflata Batalin, licorice has been used as a medicinal herb for millennia and is marketed as root sticks, powders, and extracts. Identity tests described in most pharmacopeial monographs enabled the distinction of Glycyrrhiza species. Accordingly, an ultrahigh-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (UHPLC-MS/MS) assay using the method of standard addition was developed to quantify 14 licorice components (liquiritin, isoliquiritin, liquiritin apioside, isoliquiritin apioside, licuraside, liquiritigenin, isoliquiritigenin, glycyrrhizin, glycyrrhetinic acid, glabridin, glycycoumarin, licoricidin, licochalcone A, and p-hydroxybenzylmalonic acid), representing several natural product classes including chalcones, flavanones, saponins, and isoflavonoids. Using this approach, G. glabra, G. uralensis, and G. inflata in a variety of forms including root powders and extracts as well as complex dietary supplements could be differentiated and chemically standardized without concerns due to matrix effects.
authors.affiliation: UIC/NIH Center for Botanical Dietary Supplements Research, Chicago Mass Spectrometry Laboratory, Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmacognosy, University of Illinois College of Pharmacy , Chicago, Illinois 60612, United States.
authors.forename: Guannan
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: UIC/NIH Center for Botanical Dietary Supplements Research, Chicago Mass Spectrometry Laboratory, Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmacognosy, University of Illinois College of Pharmacy , Chicago, Illinois 60612, United States.
authors.forename: Dejan
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Nikolic
authors.affiliation: UIC/NIH Center for Botanical Dietary Supplements Research, Chicago Mass Spectrometry Laboratory, Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmacognosy, University of Illinois College of Pharmacy , Chicago, Illinois 60612, United States.
authors.forename: Richard B
authors.initials: RB
authors.lastname: van Breemen
keywords: UHPLC; botanical dietary supplements; licorice; method of standard addition; tandem mass spectrometry