title: Isoniazid metabolism and hepatotoxicity.
abstract: Isoniazid (INH) is highly effective for the management of tuberculosis. However, it can cause liver injury and even liver failure. INH metabolism has been thought to be associated with INH-induced liver injury. This review summarized the metabolic pathways of INH and discussed their associations with INH-induced liver injury.
authors.affiliation: Center for Pharmacogenetics, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA.
authors.forename: Pengcheng
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: Center for Pharmacogenetics, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA.
authors.forename: Komal
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Pradhan
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269, USA.
authors.forename: Xiao-Bo
authors.initials: XB
authors.lastname: Zhong
authors.affiliation: Center for Pharmacogenetics, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA.
authors.forename: Xiaochao
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Ma
keywords: ALP, alkaline phosphatase; ALT, alanine aminotransferase; AcHz, acetylhydrazine; AcINH, acetylisoniazid; Amidase; Anti-tuberculosis; DiAcHz, diacetylhydrazine; GSH, glutathione; GST, glutathione S-transferase; Hepatotoxicity; Hz, hydrazine; INA, isonicotinic acid; INH, isoniazid; Isoniazid; MPO, myeloperoxidase; Metabolism; N-Acetyltransferase 2; NAD+, nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide; NAT, N-acetyltransferase; P450, cytochrome P450; R.M., reactive metabolite; TB, tuberculosis