title: Analysis of Pesticides and Toxic Heavy Metals Contained in Mosquito Coils.
abstract: In this study, 10 mosquito coils manufactured in China were obtained in Suriname, South America, where they are used extensively. The coils were analyzed for organics (allethrin, permethrin, and butylated hydroxytoluene) and heavy metals (Cr, Co, As, Cd, and Pb) by GC-MS and ICP-MS, respectively. Allethrin was the only target organic compound detected in all mosquito coils with concentrations ranging from ~1900 to ~4500 µg/g. The concentrations of heavy metals varied as follows (in µg/g): Cr: 2.9-9.4, Co: 0.1-1.2, Cu: 0.7-16.1, Se: 0.10-0.4, Ni: 2.1-5.8, As: 0.10-2.2, Cd: 0.10-0.2, and Pb: 1.1-3.6.
authors.affiliation: The Institute of Environmental and Human Health, Department of Environmental Toxicology, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX, 79409-1163, USA. john.kasumba@ttu.edu.
authors.forename: John
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Kasumba
authors.affiliation: The Institute of Environmental and Human Health, Department of Environmental Toxicology, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX, 79409-1163, USA.
authors.forename: Bryan
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Hettick
authors.affiliation: The Institute of Environmental and Human Health, Department of Environmental Toxicology, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX, 79409-1163, USA.
authors.forename: Amanda
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: French
authors.affiliation: Department of Global Environmental Health Sciences, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA, 70112, USA.
authors.forename: Jeffrey K
authors.initials: JK
authors.lastname: Wickliffe
authors.affiliation: Department of Global Environmental Health Sciences, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA, 70112, USA.
authors.forename: Maureen Y
authors.initials: MY
authors.lastname: Lichtveld
authors.affiliation: Department of Global Environmental Health Sciences, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA, 70112, USA.
authors.forename: William B
authors.initials: WB
authors.lastname: Hawkins
authors.affiliation: Ministry of Agriculture, Animal Husbandry and Fisheries, Paramaribo, Suriname.
authors.forename: Alies
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: van Sauers-Muller
authors.affiliation: The Institute of Environmental and Human Health, Department of Environmental Toxicology, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX, 79409-1163, USA.
authors.forename: David
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Klein
mesh_terms: D000487:Allethrins / Q000032:analysis; D000818:Animals; D002681:China; D009033:Culicidae / Q000737:chemistry / Q000166:cytology*; D004784:Environmental Monitoring; D007302:Insect Repellents / Q000032:analysis* / Q000737:chemistry*; D007306:Insecticides / Q000032:analysis* / Q000737:chemistry*; D019216:Metals, Heavy / Q000032:analysis* / Q000633:toxicity*; D026023:Permethrin / Q000032:analysis; D013532:Suriname
chemical_list: D000487:Allethrins; D007302:Insect Repellents; D007306:Insecticides; D019216:Metals, Heavy; D026023:Permethrin
keywords: Allethrin; Heavy metal; Mosquito coils; Permethrin