title: Synthesis of Lymph Node-Targeting Adjuvants.
abstract: Molecular adjuvants based off of pattern recognition receptor agonists are capable of potently stimulating innate immunity and inducing protective immune responses to subunit antigens. One significant disadvantage to these small molecule adjuvants is their pharmacokinetic profile of entering the blood stream rather than the lymphatics after parental injection. In order to target molecular adjuvants to lymph nodes, we have developed nanoparticle carriers whose size has been optimized to avoid the blood and efficiently drain to lymph nodes (Hanson et al. Vaccine 33:861-8,2015; Hanson et al. J Clin Invest 125:2532-2546, 2015). This chapter describes in detail the materials and procedures necessary to synthesize liposome nanoparticle carriers of either hydrophobic or hydrophilic adjuvants, including synthesis tips, alternative equipment options, and pitfalls to avoid.
authors.affiliation: Department of Cell Biology and Infection, Institut Pasteur, 28 rue du Docteur Roux, 75015, Paris, France. mchanson@alum.mit.edu.
authors.forename: Melissa C
authors.initials: MC
authors.lastname: Hanson
authors.affiliation: Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA.|Department of Materials Science & Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA.|David H. Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA.|The Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT, and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA.|Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Chevy Chase, MD, USA.
authors.forename: Darrell J
authors.initials: DJ
authors.lastname: Irvine
mesh_terms: D000276:Adjuvants, Immunologic / Q000138:chemical synthesis* / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000493:pharmacokinetics / Q000494:pharmacology; D000818:Animals; D006801:Humans; D008081:Liposomes; D008198:Lymph Nodes; D053758:Nanoparticles / Q000737:chemistry*
chemical_list: D000276:Adjuvants, Immunologic; D008081:Liposomes
keywords: Adjuvant carriers; Cyclic di-GMP; Cyclic dinucleotides; Liposomes; Lymph node targeting; MPLA; Nanoparticles