title: Development, validation and application of an UFLC-DAD-ESI-MS method for determination of carbonyl compounds in soybean oil during continuous heating.
abstract: A method was developed for the extraction and UFLC-DAD-ESI-MS analysis of carbonyl compounds (CCs) in oils heated to 180°C. Different parameters were evaluated, and the best results were 1.5ml of acetonitrile as the extraction solvent, manual stirring for 3min and 30min of sonication time. The method was validated using soybean oil samples spiked with CCs at concentration levels ranging from 0.2 to 10.0μg.mL-1. The average recoveries in the lowest concentration level ranged from 70.7% to 85.0%. Detection limits ranged from 0.03 to 0.1μg.mL-1, and the quantification limit was 0.2μg.mL-1for all compounds. When the method was applied to samples of heated oil, the CCs identified were 4-hydroxy-2-nonenal, 2,4-decadienal, 2,4-heptadienal, 4-hydroxy -2-hexenal, acrolein, 2-heptenal, 2-octenal, 4,5-epoxy-2-decadal, 2-decenal, and 2-undecenal, with the first three mentioned presenting the highest mean concentrations after heating, specifically 36.9, 34.8 and 22.6μg.g-1of oil, respectively.
authors.affiliation: Instituto de Química, Universidade Federal da Bahia, 40170-115 Salvador, BA, Brazil.
authors.forename: Luciane Conceição S
authors.initials: LCS
authors.lastname: Bastos
authors.affiliation: Instituto de Química, Universidade Federal da Bahia, 40170-115 Salvador, BA, Brazil.
authors.forename: Elaynne A
authors.initials: EA
authors.lastname: de Almeida Costa
authors.affiliation: Instituto de Química, Universidade Federal da Bahia, 40170-115 Salvador, BA, Brazil; CIEnAm - Centro Interdisciplinar de Energia e Ambiente, Universidade Federal da Bahia, 40170-290 Salvador, BA, Brazil; INCT E&A, Universidade Federal da Bahia, 40170-115 Salvador, BA, Brazil. Electronic address: pedroapp@ufba.br.
authors.forename: Pedro Afonso P
authors.initials: PAP
authors.lastname: Pereira
mesh_terms: D000171:Acrolein / Q000032:analysis; D000447:Aldehydes / Q000032:analysis; D002851:Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid / Q000379:methods*; D006361:Heating; D013024:Soybean Oil / Q000032:analysis*; D021241:Spectrometry, Mass, Electrospray Ionization / Q000379:methods*
chemical_list: D000447:Aldehydes; C057348:2-octenal; D000171:Acrolein; D013024:Soybean Oil; C027576:4-hydroxy-2-nonenal
keywords: Acrolein; Carbonyl compounds; Hydroxy alkenals; Soybean oil; Thermal oxidation; UFLC-DAD-ESI-MS