title: Integrated rice-duck farming mitigates the global warming potential in rice season.
abstract: Integrated rice-duck farming (IRDF), as a mode of ecological agriculture, is an important way to realize sustainable development of agriculture. A 2-year split-plot field experiment was performed to evaluate the effects of IRDF on methane (CH4) and nitrous oxide (N2O) emissions and its ecological mechanism in rice season. This experiment was conducted with two rice farming systems (FS) of IRDF and conventional farming (CF) under four paddy-upland rotation systems (PUR): rice-fallow (RF), annual straw incorporating in rice-wheat rotation system (RWS), annual straw-based biogas residues incorporating in rice-wheat rotation system (RWB), and rice-green manure (RGM). During the rice growing seasons, IRDF decreased the CH4emission by 8.80-16.68%, while increased the N2O emission by 4.23-15.20%, when compared to CF. Given that CH4emission contributed to 85.83-96.22% of global warming potential (GWP), the strong reduction in CH4emission led to a significantly lower GWP of IRDF as compared to CF. The reason for this trend was because IRDF has significant effect on dissolved oxygen (DO) and soil redox potential (Eh), which were two pivotal factors for CH4and N2O emissions in this study. The IRDF not only mitigates the GWP, but also increases the rice yield by 0.76-2.43% compared to CF. Moreover, compared to RWS system, RF, RWB and RGM systems significantly reduced CH4emission by 50.17%, 44.89% and 39.51%, respectively, while increased N2O emission by 10.58%, 14.60% and 23.90%, respectively. And RWS system had the highest GWP. These findings suggest that mitigating GWP and improving rice yield could be simultaneously achieved by the IRDF, and employing suitable PUR would benefit for relieving greenhouse effect.
authors.affiliation: College of Agriculture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, PR China.
authors.forename: Guochun
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Xu
authors.affiliation: College of Agriculture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, PR China.
authors.forename: Xin
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.affiliation: College of Agriculture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, PR China. Electronic address: aefslab@163.com.
authors.forename: Qiangsheng
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: College of Agriculture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, PR China.
authors.forename: Xichen
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Yu
authors.affiliation: College of Agriculture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, PR China.
authors.forename: Yuhao
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Hang
mesh_terms: D000383:Agriculture; D000818:Animals; D002681:China; D004372:Ducks; D004784:Environmental Monitoring; D057232:Global Warming; D008697:Methane / Q000032:analysis; D009609:Nitrous Oxide / Q000032:analysis; D012275:Oryza; D012621:Seasons; D012987:Soil
chemical_list: D012987:Soil; D009609:Nitrous Oxide; D008697:Methane
keywords: Global warming potential; Integrated rice-duck farming; Methane; Nitrous oxide; Paddy-upland rotation system