title: Acute toxicity and cytotoxicity evaluation ofDendrobium moniliformeaqueous extractin vivoandin vitro.
abstract: Dendrobium moniliforme(L.) Sw., an herb of theOrchidaceaefamily, has long been used in traditional medicine to strengthen bones, nourish the stomach, and promote the production of bodily fluid. Recently, polysaccharides isolated fromDendrobiumhave been used in functional foods and nutraceutical products. A traditional method to processDendrobiumis to soak fresh stems in an ethanol solution, which is the most important factor to ensure high yields of aqueous-extractable polysaccharides. The present study was carried out to investigate the potential acute toxicity ofD. moniliformeaqueous extract (DMAE), by a single oral dose in Sprague-Dawley rats. The test article was orally administered once by gavage to male and female rats at doses of 0, 2,500, and 5,000 mg/kg body weight (n=5 male and female rats for each dose). Throughout the study period, no treatment-related deaths were observed and no adverse effects were noted in clinical signs, body weight, food consumption, serum biochemistry, organ weight, or gross findings at any dose tested. The results show that a single oral administration of DMAE did not induce any toxic effects at a dose below 5,000 mg/kg in rats, and the minimal lethal dose was considered to be over 5,000 mg/kg body weight for both sexes. With respect to cytotoxicity, the cell viability of human embryonic kidney (HEK293) cells was less than 50% when the cells were treated with 10 mg/mL aqueous extract for 24 h.
authors.affiliation: Division of Tradition Korean Medicine Research, National Development Institute of Korean Medicine, Jangheung, Korea.; College of Veterinary Medicine, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, Korea.
authors.forename: Mu-Jin
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.affiliation: Division of Tradition Korean Medicine Research, National Development Institute of Korean Medicine, Jangheung, Korea.; College of Veterinary Medicine, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, Korea.
authors.forename: Ho-Kyung
authors.initials: HK
authors.lastname: Jung
authors.affiliation: Division of Tradition Korean Medicine Research, National Development Institute of Korean Medicine, Jangheung, Korea.
authors.forename: Min-Suk
authors.initials: MS
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.affiliation: Division of Tradition Korean Medicine Research, National Development Institute of Korean Medicine, Jangheung, Korea.
authors.forename: Ji-Hun
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Jang
authors.affiliation: Division of Tradition Korean Medicine Research, National Development Institute of Korean Medicine, Jangheung, Korea.
authors.forename: Mi-Ok
authors.initials: MO
authors.lastname: Sim
authors.affiliation: Division of Tradition Korean Medicine Research, National Development Institute of Korean Medicine, Jangheung, Korea.
authors.forename: Tea-Mook
authors.initials: TM
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.affiliation: Division of Tradition Korean Medicine Research, National Development Institute of Korean Medicine, Jangheung, Korea.
authors.forename: Ho
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Park
authors.affiliation: Division of Tradition Korean Medicine Research, National Development Institute of Korean Medicine, Jangheung, Korea.
authors.forename: Byung-Kwan
authors.initials: BK
authors.lastname: Ahn
authors.affiliation: Division of Tradition Korean Medicine Research, National Development Institute of Korean Medicine, Jangheung, Korea.
authors.forename: Hyun-Woo
authors.initials: HW
authors.lastname: Cho
authors.affiliation: Division of Tradition Korean Medicine Research, National Development Institute of Korean Medicine, Jangheung, Korea.
authors.forename: Jung-Hee
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Cho
authors.affiliation: Division of Tradition Korean Medicine Research, National Development Institute of Korean Medicine, Jangheung, Korea.
authors.forename: Won-Seok
authors.initials: WS
authors.lastname: Jung
authors.affiliation: College of Veterinary Medicine, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, Korea.
authors.forename: Jong-Choon
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: Kim
keywords: Dendrobium moniliforme; acute toxicity; cytotoxicity; minimal lethal dose (LD10)