title: Novel insights into the metabolic pathway of iprodione by soil bacteria.
abstract: Microbial degradation constitutes the key soil dissipation process for iprodione. We recently isolated a consortium, composed of an Arthrobacter sp. strain C1 and an Achromobacter sp. strain C2, that was able to convert iprodione to 3,5-dichloroaniline (3,5-DCA). However, the formation of metabolic intermediates and the role of the strains on iprodione metabolism remain unknown. We examined the degradation of iprodione and its suspected metabolic intermediates, 3,5-dichlorophenyl-carboxamide (metabolite I) and 3,5-dichlorophenylurea-acetate (metabolite II), by strains C1 and C2 and their combination under selective (MSM) and nutrient-rich conditions (LB). Bacterial growth during degradation of the tested compounds was determined by qPCR. Strain C1 rapidly degraded iprodione (DT50= 2.3 h) and metabolite II (DT50= 2.9 h) in MSM suggesting utilization of isopropylamine, transiently formed by hydrolysis of iprodione, and glycine liberated during hydrolysis of metabolite II, as C and N sources. In contrast, strain C1 degraded metabolite I only in LB and growth kinetics suggested the involvement of a detoxification process. Strain C2 was able to transform iprodione and its metabolites only in LB. Strain C1 degraded vinclozolin, a structural analog of iprodione, and partially propanil, but not procymidone and phenylureas indicating a structure-dependent specificity related to the substituents of the carboxamide moiety.
authors.affiliation: Centre of Environmental Biotechnology, BIOREN, Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco, Chile.|Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, University of Thessaly, 41221, Larissa, Greece.
authors.forename: Marco
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Campos
authors.affiliation: Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, University of Thessaly, 41221, Larissa, Greece.
authors.forename: Panagiotis S
authors.initials: PS
authors.lastname: Karas
authors.affiliation: Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, University of Thessaly, 41221, Larissa, Greece.
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Perruchon
authors.affiliation: Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, University of Thessaly, 41221, Larissa, Greece.
authors.forename: Evangelia S
authors.initials: ES
authors.lastname: Papadopoulou
authors.affiliation: Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, University of Thessaly, 41221, Larissa, Greece.
authors.forename: Vasiliki
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Christou
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Agriculture, Forestry and Natural Environment, School of Agriculture, Pesticide Science Laboratory, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece.
authors.forename: Urania
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: Menkissoglou-Spiroudi
authors.affiliation: Centre of Environmental Biotechnology, BIOREN, Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco, Chile.|Chemical Engineering Department, Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco, Chile.
authors.forename: Maria Christina
authors.initials: MC
authors.lastname: Diez
authors.affiliation: Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, University of Thessaly, 41221, Larissa, Greece. dkarpouzas@bio.uth.gr.
authors.forename: Dimitrios G
authors.initials: DG
authors.lastname: Karpouzas
mesh_terms: D000620:Aminoimidazole Carboxamide / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000378:metabolism; D000814:Aniline Compounds / Q000378:metabolism; D001419:Bacteria / Q000378:metabolism*; D001673:Biodegradation, Environmental; D005659:Fungicides, Industrial / Q000378:metabolism*; D006827:Hydantoins / Q000378:metabolism*; D053858:Metabolic Networks and Pathways; D010080:Oxazoles / Q000378:metabolism; D011411:Propanil / Q000378:metabolism; D012988:Soil Microbiology
chemical_list: D000814:Aniline Compounds; D005659:Fungicides, Industrial; D006827:Hydantoins; D010080:Oxazoles; D000620:Aminoimidazole Carboxamide; D011411:Propanil; C025643:vinclozolin; C037267:3,5-dichloroaniline; C033148:iprodione
keywords: Achromobacter sp.; Arthrobacter sp.; Iprodione; Pesticides microbial degradation; Vinclozolin