title: Wound healing effects of deoxyshikonin isolated from Jawoongo: In vitro and in vivo studies.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Jawoongo is a traditional drug ointment (with a traditional botanic formula) used for the treatment of burns and wounds in Korea. One of the components of Jawoongo is Lithospermi Radix (LR, the dried root of Lithospermum erythrorhizon Siebold & Zucc., also known as Zicao or Gromwell), which contains deoxyshikonin and its derivatives.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  The aim of the present study was to investigate the effects of deoxyshikonin on wound healing.
  
  
  METHODS
  The effects of LR extract and deoxyshikonin on tube formation and migration were measured in human umbilical vein vascular endothelial cells (HUVEC) and HaCaT cells, respectively. We evaluated protein expression of mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) activation by Western blotting. The wound healing effects of deoxyshikonin was assessed in a mouse model of cutaneous wounds.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The results showed that deoxyshikonin enhanced tube formation in HUVEC and migration in HaCaT cells. From the western blot analysis, we found that deoxyshikonin stimulated the phosphorylation of p38 and extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) in HaCaT cells. Moreover, 20µm deoxyshikonin-treated groups showed accelerated wound closure compared with the controls in a mouse model of cutaneous wounds.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In conclusion, the current data indicate that deoxyshikonin treatment elevated tube formation in HUVECs, and that deoxyshikonin-induced proliferation and migration in HaCaT cells were mediated by the activation of ERK and p38 MAPKs, respectively. Collectively, these data suggest that deoxyshikonin in Jawoongo must be an active compound for may be wound healing.
authors.affiliation: College of Korean Medicine, Gachon University, Seongnam 461-701, Republic of Korea. Electronic address: rhemf@hanmail.net.
authors.forename: Jun Yeon
authors.initials: JY
authors.lastname: Park
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Gangneung Asan Hospital, Gangneung 210-711, Republic of Korea. Electronic address: drkwak303@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Jin Ho
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Kwak
authors.affiliation: College of Korean Medicine, Gachon University, Seongnam 461-701, Republic of Korea. Electronic address: kkang@gachon.ac.kr.
authors.forename: Ki Sung
authors.initials: KS
authors.lastname: Kang
authors.affiliation: College of Korean Medicine, Gachon University, Seongnam 461-701, Republic of Korea. Electronic address: dmaql1004di@naver.com.
authors.forename: Eun Bee
authors.initials: EB
authors.lastname: Jung
authors.affiliation: Institute of Human-Environment Interface Biology, Biomedical Research Institute, Department of Dermatology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 110-744, Republic of Korea. Electronic address: johnny.dslee@snu.ac.kr.
authors.forename: Dong-Soo
authors.initials: DS
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.affiliation: Department of Integrative Plant Science, Chung-Ang University, Anseong 456-756, Republic of Korea. Electronic address: slee@cau.ac.kr.
authors.forename: Sanghyun
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.affiliation: Natural Products Research Institute, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Gangneung 210-340, Republic of Korea. Electronic address: yj0103@kist.re.kr.
authors.forename: Yujung
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Jung
authors.affiliation: School of Pharmacy, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 440-746, Republic of Korea. Electronic address: khkim83@skku.edu.
authors.forename: Ki Hyun
authors.initials: KH
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.affiliation: College of Korean Medicine, Gachon University, Seongnam 461-701, Republic of Korea. Electronic address: seoul@gachon.ac.kr.
authors.forename: Gwi Seo
authors.initials: GS
authors.lastname: Hwang
authors.affiliation: College of Korean Medicine, Gachon University, Seongnam 461-701, Republic of Korea. Electronic address: hanilim@gachon.ac.kr.
authors.forename: Hye Lim
authors.initials: HL
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.affiliation: College of Korean Medicine, Gachon University, Seongnam 461-701, Republic of Korea. Electronic address: norikoy@gachon.ac.kr.
authors.forename: Noriko
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Yamabe
authors.affiliation: Natural Products Research Institute, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Gangneung 210-340, Republic of Korea. Electronic address: snkim@kist.re.kr.
authors.forename: Su-Nam
authors.initials: SN
authors.lastname: Kim
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002461:Cell Line, Transformed; D002465:Cell Movement / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D061307:Human Umbilical Vein Endothelial Cells / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology; D006801:Humans; D029684:Lithospermum; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D008813:Mice, Inbred ICR; D009285:Naphthoquinones / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000494:pharmacology*; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000494:pharmacology*; D011897:Random Allocation; D014945:Wound Healing / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000502:physiology
chemical_list: D009285:Naphthoquinones; D010936:Plant Extracts; C056013:deoxyshikonin
keywords: Deoxyshikonin; MAPK; Tube formation; Wound healing