title: The fates of15N-labeled fertilizer in a wheat-soil system as influenced by fertilization practice in a loamy soil.
abstract: Appropriate fertilization practice is crucial to achieve maximum wheat grain yield with minimum nitrogen (N) loss. A field15N micro-plot experiment was conducted to determine the effects of application methods [split application (SA) and band application (BA)] and N rates (60, 150 and 240 kg ha-1) on the wheat grain yield, urea-15N fate and N efficiency in Jiangyan County, China. At high N rates, wheat grain yield was significantly higher for SA than BA treatment, but there was no difference at the lower N rates. Plant N derived from fertilizer was higher in SA than in BA treatment. The high N fertilizer application increased total N uptake by wheat derived from fertilizer, but wheat plant N derived from soil was not affected by the N rate. Fertilizer-N recovery in SA treatment was higher than in BA treatment. Residual N recovery in the 0-80 cm soil layer was 31-51%, which decreased with increasing N rate. The highest N loss was found for BA treatment at the N application of 240 kg ha-1. The one-time BA of N fertilizer, especially for higher N rates, led to reduced wheat grain yield and N efficiency, and increased the N loss.
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Soil and Sustainable Agriculture, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210018, China.|University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China.
authors.forename: Zhaoming
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Soil and Sustainable Agriculture, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210018, China.
authors.forename: Huoyan
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Soil and Sustainable Agriculture, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210018, China.|University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China.
authors.forename: Xiaowei
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Soil and Sustainable Agriculture, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210018, China.
authors.forename: Dianjun
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Lu
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Soil and Sustainable Agriculture, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210018, China.
authors.forename: Jianmin
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Zhou