title: Guarana (Paullinia cupana) ameliorates memory impairment and modulates acetylcholinesterase activity in Poloxamer-407-induced hyperlipidemia in rat brain.
abstract: Hyperlipidemia is a risk factor for the development of cognitive dysfunction and atherosclerosis. Natural compounds have recently received special attention in relation to the treatment of disease due to their low cost and wide margin of safety. Thus, the aim of this study was to determine the possible preventive effect of guarana powder (Paullinia cupana) on memory impairment and acetylcholinesterase (AChE) activity in the brain structures of rats with Poloxamer-407-induced hyperlipidemia. Adult male Wistar rats were pretreated with guarana (12.5, 25 and 50mg/kg/day) and caffeine (0.2mg/kg/day) by gavage for a period of 30days. Simvastatin (0.04mg/kg) was administered as a comparative standard. Acute hyperlipidemia was induced with intraperitoneal injections of 500mg/kg of Poloxamer-407. Memory tests and evaluations of anxiety were performed. The cortex, cerebellum, hippocampus, hypothalamus and striatum were separated to assess acetylcholinesterase activity. Our results revealed that guarana powder was able to reduce the levels of TC and LDL-C in a manner similar to simvastatin. Guarana powder also partially reduced the liver damage caused by hyperlipidemia. Guarana was able to prevent changes in the activity of AChE and improve memory impairment due to hyperlipidemia. Guarana powder may therefore be a source of promising phytochemicals that can be used as adjuvant therapy in the management of hyperlipidemia and cognitive disorders.
authors.affiliation: Programa de Pós Graduação em Ciências Biológicas: Bioquímica Toxicológica, Centro de Ciências Naturais e Exatas, Universidade Federal de SantaMaria, Santa Maria, RS 97105-900, Brazil. Electronic address: jbruchel@yahoo.com.br.
authors.forename: Jader B
authors.initials: JB
authors.lastname: Ruchel
authors.affiliation: Programa de Pós Graduação em Ciências Biológicas: Bioquímica Toxicológica, Centro de Ciências Naturais e Exatas, Universidade Federal de SantaMaria, Santa Maria, RS 97105-900, Brazil.
authors.forename: Josiane B S
authors.initials: JBS
authors.lastname: Braun
authors.affiliation: Programa de Pós Graduação em Ciências Biológicas: Bioquímica Toxicológica, Centro de Ciências Naturais e Exatas, Universidade Federal de SantaMaria, Santa Maria, RS 97105-900, Brazil.
authors.forename: Stephen A
authors.initials: SA
authors.lastname: Adefegha
authors.affiliation: Programa de Pós Graduação em Ciências Biológicas: Bioquímica Toxicológica, Centro de Ciências Naturais e Exatas, Universidade Federal de SantaMaria, Santa Maria, RS 97105-900, Brazil.
authors.forename: Alessandra
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Guedes Manzoni
authors.affiliation: Programa de Pós Graduação em Ciências Biológicas: Bioquímica Toxicológica, Centro de Ciências Naturais e Exatas, Universidade Federal de SantaMaria, Santa Maria, RS 97105-900, Brazil.
authors.forename: Fátima H
authors.initials: FH
authors.lastname: Abdalla
authors.affiliation: Programa de Pós Graduação em Ciências Biológicas: Bioquímica Toxicológica, Centro de Ciências Naturais e Exatas, Universidade Federal de SantaMaria, Santa Maria, RS 97105-900, Brazil.
authors.forename: Juliana S
authors.initials: JS
authors.lastname: de Oliveira
authors.affiliation: Programa de Pós Graduação em Ciências Biológicas: Bioquímica Toxicológica, Centro de Ciências Naturais e Exatas, Universidade Federal de SantaMaria, Santa Maria, RS 97105-900, Brazil.
authors.forename: Kelly
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Trelles
authors.affiliation: Programa de Pós Graduação em Ciências Biológicas: Bioquímica Toxicológica, Centro de Ciências Naturais e Exatas, Universidade Federal de SantaMaria, Santa Maria, RS 97105-900, Brazil.
authors.forename: Cristiane
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Signor
authors.affiliation: Programa de Pós-Graduação em Medicina Veterinária, Centro de Ciências Rurais, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Santa Maria, RS 97105-900, Brazil.
authors.forename: Sônia T A
authors.initials: STA
authors.lastname: Lopes
authors.affiliation: Programa de Pós-Graduação em Medicina Veterinária, Centro de Ciências Rurais, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Santa Maria, RS 97105-900, Brazil.
authors.forename: Cássia B
authors.initials: CB
authors.lastname: da Silva
authors.affiliation: Programa de Pós Graduação em Ciências Farmacêuticas, Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Santa Maria, RS 97105-900, Brazil.
authors.forename: Lívia G
authors.initials: LG
authors.lastname: Castilhos
authors.affiliation: Programa de Pós Graduação em Ciências Biológicas: Bioquímica Toxicológica, Centro de Ciências Naturais e Exatas, Universidade Federal de SantaMaria, Santa Maria, RS 97105-900, Brazil.
authors.forename: Maribel A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Rubin
authors.affiliation: Programa de Pós Graduação em Ciências Biológicas: Bioquímica Toxicológica, Centro de Ciências Naturais e Exatas, Universidade Federal de SantaMaria, Santa Maria, RS 97105-900, Brazil. Electronic address: dbitencourtrosaleal@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Daniela B R
authors.initials: DBR
authors.lastname: Leal
mesh_terms: D000110:Acetylcholinesterase / Q000378:metabolism*; D000818:Animals; D001786:Blood Glucose; D001921:Brain / Q000201:enzymology*; D002110:Caffeine / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D002784:Cholesterol / Q000097:blood; D006949:Hyperlipidemias / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000473:pathology; D008297:Male; D018782:Maze Learning / Q000187:drug effects; D032126:Paullinia / Q000737:chemistry; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000627:therapeutic use; D020442:Poloxamer / Q000633:toxicity*; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D021641:Recognition, Psychology / Q000187:drug effects; D018709:Statistics, Nonparametric; D013501:Surface-Active Agents / Q000633:toxicity*; D013805:Theobromine / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D013806:Theophylline / Q000627:therapeutic use*
chemical_list: D001786:Blood Glucose; D010936:Plant Extracts; D013501:Surface-Active Agents; C092099:guarana powder; D020442:Poloxamer; D002110:Caffeine; D002784:Cholesterol; D013806:Theophylline; D000110:Acetylcholinesterase; D013805:Theobromine
keywords: Caffeine; Hyperlipidemia; Memory; Paullinia cupana; Simvastatin