title: Occurrence and distribution of bacteria indicators, chemical tracers and pathogenic vibrios in Singapore coastal waters.
abstract: Water quality in Singapore's coastal area was evaluated with microbial indicators, pathogenic vibrios, chemical tracers and physico-chemical parameters. Sampling sites were grouped into two clusters (coastal sites at (i) northern and (ii) southern part of Singapore). The coastal sites located at northern part of Singapore along the Johor Straits exhibited greater pollution. Principal component analysis revealed that sampling sites at Johor Straits have greater loading on carbamazepine, while turbidity poses greater influence on sampling sites at Singapore Straits. Detection of pathogenic vibrios was also more prominent at Johor Straits than the Singapore Straits. This study examined the spatial variations in Singapore's coastal water quality and provided the baseline information for health risk assessment and future pollution management.
authors.affiliation: National University of Singapore, Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, 1 Engineering Drive 2, Blk E1A #07-03, 117576 Singapore, Singapore.
authors.forename: Shin Giek
authors.initials: SG
authors.lastname: Goh
authors.affiliation: Singapore-Delft Water Alliance, National University of Singapore, 1Engineering Drive 2, Singapore 117576, Singapore; Department of Food Science and Agricultural Chemistry, McGill University, 21111 Lakeshore, Ste-Anne-de-Bellevue, Quebec H9X 3V9, Canada.
authors.forename: Stéphane
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Bayen
authors.affiliation: Singapore-Delft Water Alliance, National University of Singapore, 1Engineering Drive 2, Singapore 117576, Singapore.
authors.forename: David
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Burger
authors.affiliation: Singapore-Delft Water Alliance, National University of Singapore, 1Engineering Drive 2, Singapore 117576, Singapore.
authors.forename: Barry C
authors.initials: BC
authors.lastname: Kelly
authors.affiliation: Singapore-Delft Water Alliance, National University of Singapore, 1Engineering Drive 2, Singapore 117576, Singapore.
authors.forename: Ping
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Han
authors.affiliation: Singapore-Delft Water Alliance, National University of Singapore, 1Engineering Drive 2, Singapore 117576, Singapore.
authors.forename: Vladan
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Babovic
authors.affiliation: National University of Singapore, Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, 1 Engineering Drive 2, Blk E1A #07-03, 117576 Singapore, Singapore; NUS Environmental Research Institute (NERI), T-Lab Building #02-01, Engineering Drive 1, 117411 Singapore, Singapore. Electronic address: ceeginyh@nus.edu.sg.
authors.forename: Karina Yew-Hoong
authors.initials: KY
authors.lastname: Gin
mesh_terms: D016983:Enterococcus / Q000254:growth & development; D004784:Environmental Monitoring / Q000379:methods*; D004926:Escherichia coli / Q000254:growth & development; D025341:Principal Component Analysis; D012623:Seawater / Q000737:chemistry / Q000382:microbiology; D012846:Singapore; D014733:Vibrio / Q000254:growth & development*; D014871:Water Microbiology / Q000592:standards*; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical / Q000032:analysis*; D060753:Water Quality
chemical_list: D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical
keywords: Bacteria indicator; Chemical tracer; Coastal water; Spatial distribution; Vibrio