title: Phytoremediation of agriculture runoff by filamentous algae poly-culture for biomethane production, and nutrient recovery for secondary cultivation of lipid generating microalgae.
abstract: An integrated system was implemented for water phytoremediation and biofuel production through sequential cultivation of filamentous algae followed by cultivation of lipid-producing microalgae Chlorella sorokiniana. Natural poly-culture of filamentous algae was grown in agricultural stormwater using the Algal Turf Scrubber®, harvested and subjected for lipid extraction and/or methane production using anaerobic digestion (AD). While filamentous algae lipid content was too low for feasible biodiesel production (<2%), both whole biomass and lipid-extracted algal residues (LEA) yielded ∼0.2LmethanepergVS at loading rates up to 5gVS/L-day. Importantly, essential macro-nutrients and trace elements captured from stormwater were released into the AD effluent as soluble nutrients and were successfully tested as fertilizer replacement for cultivation of lipid-accumulating C. sorokiniana in a subsequent stage. Accordingly, filamentous algae poly-culture was exploited for waste nutrient capturing and biofuel feedstock generation. These nutrients were recovered and reused as a concentrated supplement for potentially high-value microalgae.
authors.affiliation: Department of Geography & Environmental Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, 3400 North Charles Street, Baltimore, MD 21218-2686, USA; Department of Chemical & Biomolecular Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, 3400 North Charles Street, Baltimore, MD 21218-2686, USA. Electronic address: pavlo.bohutskyi@pnnl.gov.
authors.forename: Pavlo
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Bohutskyi
authors.affiliation: Department of Geography & Environmental Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, 3400 North Charles Street, Baltimore, MD 21218-2686, USA.
authors.forename: Steven
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Chow
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemical & Biomolecular Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, 3400 North Charles Street, Baltimore, MD 21218-2686, USA.
authors.forename: Ben
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Ketter
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemical & Biomolecular Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, 3400 North Charles Street, Baltimore, MD 21218-2686, USA.
authors.forename: Coral
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Fung Shek
authors.affiliation: Department of Geography & Environmental Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, 3400 North Charles Street, Baltimore, MD 21218-2686, USA.
authors.forename: Dean
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Yacar
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, No. 159 Longpan Street, Nanjing, JS 210037, PR China.
authors.forename: Yuting
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Tang
authors.affiliation: HydroMentia Technologies LLC, Ocala, FL, USA.
authors.forename: Mark
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Zivojnovich
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemical & Biomolecular Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, 3400 North Charles Street, Baltimore, MD 21218-2686, USA.
authors.forename: Michael J
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Betenbaugh
authors.affiliation: Department of Geography & Environmental Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, 3400 North Charles Street, Baltimore, MD 21218-2686, USA.
authors.forename: Edward J
authors.initials: EJ
authors.lastname: Bouwer
mesh_terms: D000383:Agriculture; D000693:Anaerobiosis; D001673:Biodegradation, Environmental; D056804:Biofuels; D018533:Biomass; D019149:Bioreactors / Q000382:microbiology; D002708:Chlorella / Q000254:growth & development / Q000378:metabolism*; D004952:Esters / Q000378:metabolism; D005308:Fertilizers; D008055:Lipids / Q000096:biosynthesis* / Q000737:chemistry; D008697:Methane / Q000096:biosynthesis*; D058086:Microalgae / Q000378:metabolism*; D009584:Nitrogen / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D010758:Phosphorus / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D012621:Seasons; D012995:Solubility; D014835:Volatilization; D014865:Waste Disposal, Fluid; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical / Q000302:isolation & purification
chemical_list: D056804:Biofuels; D004952:Esters; D005308:Fertilizers; D008055:Lipids; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical; D010758:Phosphorus; D009584:Nitrogen; D008697:Methane
keywords: Algal Turf Scrubber®; Anaerobic digestion centrate; Biogas production; Chlorella sorokiniana; Nitrogen, Phosphorus and trace element recycling