title: Potential Effects of Omega-3 Fatty Acids on Insulin Resistance and Lipid Profile in Maintenance Hemodialysis Patients: a Randomized Placebo-Controlled Trial.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Insulin resistance (IR), a risk factor for cardiovascular disease and all-cause mortality, is prevalent among maintenance hemodialysis patients. Effects of omega-3 fatty acids on IR in hemodialysis patients have not been well understood. This study aimed to determine the effects of omega-3 fatty acids on IR and serum lipids of hemodialysis patients.
  
  
  METHODS
  Fifty-four adult patients on hemodialysis were randomly assigned to receive either 1800 mg of omega-3 fatty acids or placebo daily for 4 months. Serum concentrations of glucose, triglyceride, total cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, C-reactive protein, insulin, leptin, and adiponectin were measured at baseline and after 4 months of the intervention. Insulin resistance was assessed using the homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance and 2 adipokine-based measures of IR, including the leptin-adiponectin ratio and homeostasis model assessment corrected by adiponectin.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Mean differences of serum C-reactive protein, insulin, leptin, and adiponectin concentrations did not show significant difference between the two groups following 4 months of intervention. Fasting serum glucose and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol were not significantly influenced by omega-3 supplementation, either. Serum triglyceride, total cholesterol, and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels significantly decreased in the omega-3 group (P = .02, P = .03, and P < .001, respectively). None of the indirect indexes of IR showed significant changes at the end of the study in either the omega-3 or placebo group.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Supplemental use of omega-3 fatty acids showed some beneficial effects on lipid profile of hemodialysis patients without any improvement in IR.
authors.forename: Afshin
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Gharekhani
authors.affiliation: Nephrology Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. dashtis@sina.tums.ac.ir.
authors.forename: Simin
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Dashti-Khavidaki
authors.forename: Mahboob
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Lessan-Pezeshki
authors.forename: Mohammad-Reza
authors.initials: MR
authors.lastname: Khatami
mesh_terms: D052242:Adiponectin / Q000378:metabolism; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D001786:Blood Glucose / Q000378:metabolism; D001806:Blood Urea Nitrogen; D002097:C-Reactive Protein / Q000378:metabolism; D002784:Cholesterol / Q000378:metabolism; D008076:Cholesterol, HDL / Q000378:metabolism; D008078:Cholesterol, LDL / Q000378:metabolism; D019587:Dietary Supplements; D004281:Docosahexaenoic Acids / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D015118:Eicosapentaenoic Acid / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007328:Insulin / Q000378:metabolism; D007333:Insulin Resistance; D007676:Kidney Failure, Chronic / Q000378:metabolism / Q000628:therapy*; D020738:Leptin / Q000378:metabolism; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D006435:Renal Dialysis; D016037:Single-Blind Method; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D014280:Triglycerides / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: C499918:ADIPOQ protein, human; D052242:Adiponectin; D001786:Blood Glucose; D008076:Cholesterol, HDL; D008078:Cholesterol, LDL; D007328:Insulin; D020738:Leptin; D014280:Triglycerides; D004281:Docosahexaenoic Acids; D002097:C-Reactive Protein; D002784:Cholesterol; D015118:Eicosapentaenoic Acid