title: Mechanism of potassium ion intercalation staging in few layered graphene from in situ Raman spectroscopy.
abstract: Recently emerging potassium ion (K-ion) batteries offer a lower-cost alternative to lithium-ion batteries while enabling comparably high storage capacity. Here, we leverage the strong Raman spectroscopic response of few-layered graphene to provide the first insight into the electrochemical staging sequence for K+ions in graphitic carbons. Our analysis reveals the signature of a dilute stage I compound that precedes formation of ordered intercalation compounds transitioning from stage VI (KC72), stage II (KC24), and stage I (KC8) and correlates electrochemical responses to the stage formation. Overall, our study emphasizes a minimum barrier to transfer the general understanding acquired for lithium-ion battery anodes to cheaper, earth abundant K-ion battery systems ideally suited for grid-scale storage.
authors.affiliation: Department of Mechanical Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37235, USA and Interdisciplinary Materials Science Program, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37235, USA. Cary.L.Pint@vanderbilt.edu.
authors.forename: Keith
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Share
authors.affiliation: Department of Mechanical Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37235, USA.
authors.forename: Adam P
authors.initials: AP
authors.lastname: Cohn
authors.affiliation: Department of Mechanical Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37235, USA.
authors.forename: Rachel E
authors.initials: RE
authors.lastname: Carter
authors.affiliation: Department of Mechanical Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37235, USA and Interdisciplinary Materials Science Program, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37235, USA. Cary.L.Pint@vanderbilt.edu.
authors.forename: Cary L
authors.initials: CL
authors.lastname: Pint