title: Effect of dietary macronutrients on the expression of cholecystokinin, leptin, ghrelin and neuropeptide Y in gilthead sea bream (Sparus aurata).
abstract: Endocrine factors released from the central nervous system, gastrointestinal tract, adipose tissue and other peripheral organs mediate the regulation of food intake. Although many studies have evaluated the effect of fed-to-starved transition on the expression of appetite-related genes, little is known about how the expression of appetite-regulating peptides is regulated by the macronutrient composition of the diet. The aim of the present study was to examine the effect of diet composition and nutritional status on the expression of four peptides involved in food intake control in gilthead sea bream (Sparus aurata): neuropeptide Y (NPY), ghrelin, cholecystokinin (CCK) and leptin. Quantitative real-time RT-PCR showed that high protein/low carbohydrate diets stimulated the expression of CCK and ghrelin in the intestine and leptin in the adipose tissue, while downregulation of ghrelin and NPY mRNA levels was observed in the brain. Opposite effects were found for the expression of the four genes in fish fed low protein/high carbohydrate diets or after long-term starvation. Our findings indicate that the expression pattern of appetite-regulating peptides, particularly CCK and ghrelin, is modulated by the nutritional status and diet composition in S. aurata.
authors.affiliation: Fisheries Departament, Faculty of Marine Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University (TMU), Noor 46417-76488, Iran.
authors.forename: Sedigheh
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Babaei
authors.affiliation: Departament de Bioquímica i Fisiologia, Secció de Bioquímica i Biologia Molecular, Facultat de Farmàcia i Ciències de l'Alimentació, Universitat de Barcelona, Joan XXIII 27-31, 08028 Barcelona, Spain.
authors.forename: Alberto
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Sáez
authors.affiliation: Departament d'Ecologia, Facultat de Biologia, Universitat de Barcelona, Diagonal 645, 08028 Barcelona, Spain.
authors.forename: Albert
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Caballero-Solares
authors.affiliation: Departament d'Ecologia, Facultat de Biologia, Universitat de Barcelona, Diagonal 645, 08028 Barcelona, Spain.
authors.forename: Felipe
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Fernández
authors.affiliation: Departament de Bioquímica i Fisiologia, Secció de Bioquímica i Biologia Molecular, Facultat de Farmàcia i Ciències de l'Alimentació, Universitat de Barcelona, Joan XXIII 27-31, 08028 Barcelona, Spain.
authors.forename: Isabel V
authors.initials: IV
authors.lastname: Baanante
authors.affiliation: Departament de Bioquímica i Fisiologia, Secció de Bioquímica i Biologia Molecular, Facultat de Farmàcia i Ciències de l'Alimentació, Universitat de Barcelona, Joan XXIII 27-31, 08028 Barcelona, Spain. Electronic address: imeton@ub.edu.
authors.forename: Isidoro
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Metón
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001823:Body Composition; D001835:Body Weight; D002766:Cholecystokinin / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism; D004032:Diet; D005786:Gene Expression Regulation; D054439:Ghrelin / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism; D020738:Leptin / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism; D016014:Linear Models; D009478:Neuropeptide Y / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D021541:Sea Bream / Q000235:genetics*; D013217:Starvation / Q000235:genetics
chemical_list: D054439:Ghrelin; D020738:Leptin; D009478:Neuropeptide Y; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D002766:Cholecystokinin
keywords: Appetite-regulating peptides; Cholecystokinin; Ghrelin; Leptin; Neuropeptide Y; Sparus aurata