title: Phytochemical Inhibition of Multidrug Resistance Protein-1 as a Therapeutic Strategy for Hemangioendothelioma.
abstract: Hemangiomas are endothelial cell tumors and the most common soft tissue tumors in infants. They frequently cause deformity and can cause death. Current pharmacologic therapies have high-risk side-effect profiles, which limit the number of children who receive treatment. The objectives of this work were to identify the mechanisms through which standardized berry extracts can inhibit endothelial cell tumor growth and test these findings in vivo.
  
  
  
  EOMA cells are a validated model that generates endothelial cell tumors when injected subcutaneously into syngeneic (129P/3) mice. EOMA cells treated with a blend of powdered natural berry extracts (NBE) significantly inhibited activity of multidrug resistance protein-1 (MRP-1) compared to vehicle controls. This resulted in nuclear accumulation of oxidized glutathione (GSSG) and apoptotic EOMA cell death. When NBE-treated EOMA cells were injected into mice, they generated smaller tumors and had a higher incidence of apoptotic cell death compared to vehicle-treated EOMA cells as demonstrated by immunocytochemistry. Kaplan-Meier survival curves for tumor-bearing mice showed that NBE treatment significantly prolonged survival compared to vehicle-treated controls.
  
  
  
  These are the first reported results to show that berry extracts can inhibit MRP-1 function that causes apoptotic tumor cell death by accumulation of GSSG in the nucleus of EOMA cells where NADPH oxidase is hyperactive and causes pathological angiogenesis.
  
  
  
  These findings indicate that berry extract inhibition of MRP-1 merits consideration and further investigation as a therapeutic intervention and may have application for other cancers with elevated MRP-1 activity. Antioxid. Redox Signal. 26, 1009-1019.
authors.affiliation: 1 Department of Plastic Surgery, The Ohio State University , Columbus, Ohio.
authors.forename: Ayan
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Biswas
authors.affiliation: 1 Department of Plastic Surgery, The Ohio State University , Columbus, Ohio.
authors.forename: Emma C
authors.initials: EC
authors.lastname: Clark
authors.affiliation: 2 Department of Surgery, David Heart and Lung Research Institute, The Ohio State University , Columbus, Ohio.
authors.forename: Chandan K
authors.initials: CK
authors.lastname: Sen
authors.affiliation: 1 Department of Plastic Surgery, The Ohio State University , Columbus, Ohio.
authors.forename: Gayle M
authors.initials: GM
authors.lastname: Gordillo
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000972:Antineoplastic Agents, Phytogenic / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000494:pharmacology; D045744:Cell Line, Tumor; D049109:Cell Proliferation / Q000187:drug effects; D002470:Cell Survival / Q000187:drug effects; D005638:Fruit / Q000737:chemistry*; D015972:Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic / Q000187:drug effects; D006390:Hemangioendothelioma / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D051379:Mice; D027425:ATP-Binding Cassette, Sub-Family C Proteins / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000378:metabolism*; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000494:pharmacology; D023041:Xenograft Model Antitumor Assays
chemical_list: D000972:Antineoplastic Agents, Phytogenic; D027425:ATP-Binding Cassette, Sub-Family C Proteins; D010936:Plant Extracts; C421109:multidrug resistance-associated protein 1
keywords: apoptosis; glutathione; hemangioendothelioma; multidrug resistance protein 1