title: Development of the Virtual Physical Assessment Learning Material That Allows the Learners to Check Drug Efficacy and Early Detection of Adverse Effects through Virtual Experience.
abstract: We utilized the information and communication technology to develop the physical assessment (PA) learning materials in the virtual experience type. This learning material consists of two parts which include case learning and basic learning. We created example scenarios about various conditions that a pharmacist may experience in medical scenes such as in a hospital ward, community pharmacy, home, and drugstore. Illustrations of a virtual patient's avatar before and after taking the medicines were incorporated in the learning materials. The virtual training includes a stethoscope that was used in examining sounds (heart, pulmonary and bowel sounds) that served as evidences in the confirmation of drug efficacy and its possible adverse effects. In addition, we included the images of each body part, the 24 format question items, the palpation (rate and rhythm) of the radial artery, brachial artery and pedal artery, the clinical data obtained from several medical equipment, the pupillary reflex, and the urine dipstick test. This way, learners are able to experience PA with reference to the subjective and objective data from patient reception and questions. The virtual patient's avatar displayed on the monitor features auscultatory sounds on the stethoscope. It also features clinical data obtained from other medical equipment that can give the learners an interactive way of learning about various medical conditions. For evaluation, we gave out questionnaires on the virtual PA to pharmacy students. As a result, a high evaluation was reflected in terms of the degree of usefulness for both case learning and basic learning.
authors.affiliation: School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyushu University of Health and Welfare.
authors.forename: Jin
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Tokunaga
authors.forename: Norito
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Takamura
authors.forename: Yasuyuki
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Kourogi
authors.forename: Misato
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Imada
authors.forename: Ayaka
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Kozasa
authors.forename: Kanako
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Komori
authors.forename: Chisa
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Ono
authors.forename: Akie
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Nishimura
authors.forename: Kenji
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Ogata
authors.forename: Nao
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Setoguchi
authors.forename: Toshikazu
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Matsuoka
authors.forename: Mitsuhiro
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kai
authors.forename: Keizo
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Sato
authors.forename: Kazuhiko
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Arimori
mesh_terms: D016903:Drug Monitoring / Q000379:methods*; D064420:Drug-Related Side Effects and Adverse Reactions; D004512:Education, Pharmacy / Q000379:methods*; D006801:Humans; D007858:Learning; D008490:Medical Informatics / Q000379:methods*; D010595:Pharmacists / Q000523:psychology*; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D013664:Teaching Materials; D014584:User-Computer Interface