title: Dietary patterns by cluster analysis in pregnant women: relationship with nutrient intakes and dietary patterns in 7-year-old offspring.
abstract: Little is known about how dietary patterns of mothers and their children track over time. The objectives of this study are to obtain dietary patterns in pregnancy using cluster analysis, to examine women's mean nutrient intakes in each cluster and to compare the dietary patterns of mothers to those of their children. Pregnant women (n = 12 195) from the Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children reported their frequency of consumption of 47 foods and food groups. These data were used to obtain dietary patterns during pregnancy by cluster analysis. The absolute and energy-adjusted nutrient intakes were compared between clusters. Women's dietary patterns were compared with previously derived clusters of their children at 7 years of age. Multinomial logistic regression was performed to evaluate relationships comparing maternal and offspring clusters. Three maternal clusters were identified: 'fruit and vegetables', 'meat and potatoes' and 'white bread and coffee'. After energy adjustment women in the 'fruit and vegetables' cluster had the highest mean nutrient intakes. Mothers in the 'fruit and vegetables' cluster were more likely than mothers in 'meat and potatoes' (adjusted odds ratio [OR]: 2.00; 95% Confidence Interval [CI]: 1.69-2.36) or 'white bread and coffee' (OR: 2.18; 95% CI: 1.87-2.53) clusters to have children in a 'plant-based' cluster. However the majority of children were in clusters unrelated to their mother dietary pattern. Three distinct dietary patterns were obtained in pregnancy; the 'fruit and vegetables' pattern being the most nutrient dense. Mothers' dietary patterns were associated with but did not dominate offspring dietary patterns.
authors.affiliation: Nutritional Epidemiology Observatory, Department of Social and Applied Nutrition, Institute of Nutrition Josué de Castro, Rio de Janeiro Federal University, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil.
authors.forename: Ana Amélia
authors.initials: AA
authors.lastname: Freitas-Vilela
authors.affiliation: School of Social and Community Medicine, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK.
authors.forename: Andrew D A C
authors.initials: AD
authors.lastname: Smith
authors.affiliation: Nutritional Epidemiology Observatory, Department of Social and Applied Nutrition, Institute of Nutrition Josué de Castro, Rio de Janeiro Federal University, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil.
authors.forename: Gilberto
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Kac
authors.affiliation: School of Social and Community Medicine, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK.
authors.forename: Rebecca M
authors.initials: RM
authors.lastname: Pearson
authors.affiliation: School of Social and Community Medicine, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK.
authors.forename: Jon
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Heron
authors.affiliation: School of Social and Community Medicine, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK.
authors.forename: Alan
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Emond
authors.affiliation: Section of Nutritional Neurosciences, Laboratory of Membrane Biology and Biophysics, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA.
authors.forename: Joseph R
authors.initials: JR
authors.lastname: Hibbeln
authors.affiliation: Nutritional Epidemiology Observatory, Department of Social and Applied Nutrition, Institute of Nutrition Josué de Castro, Rio de Janeiro Federal University, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil.
authors.forename: Maria Beatriz Trindade
authors.initials: MB
authors.lastname: Castro
authors.affiliation: School of Social and Community Medicine, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK.
authors.forename: Pauline M
authors.initials: PM
authors.lastname: Emmett
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D015992:Body Mass Index; D001939:Bread; D002648:Child; D002664:Child Nutritional Physiological Phenomena; D016000:Cluster Analysis; D004032:Diet; D005260:Female; D005638:Fruit; D006801:Humans; D016015:Logistic Models; D008137:Longitudinal Studies; D039382:Maternal Nutritional Physiological Phenomena; D008460:Meat; D018977:Micronutrients / Q000008:administration & dosage; D009034:Mother-Child Relations; D009035:Mothers; D015596:Nutrition Assessment; D011247:Pregnancy; D025341:Principal Component Analysis; D012959:Socioeconomic Factors; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D014675:Vegetables; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D018977:Micronutrients
keywords: ALSPAC; children; cluster analysis; dietary patterns; nutritional epidemiology; pregnancy