title: Proteomic and physiological analyses of wheat seeds exposed to copper and iron nanoparticles.
abstract: To elucidate the role of Cu and Fe NPs on the yield of wheat varieties, a gel-free proteomic technique was used. NPs were synthesized and characterized through zeta potential, EDX, and SEM. Spike length, number of grains per spike, and 1000 grain weight were increased in wheat varieties treated with 25ppm Cu and Fe NPs. On treatment with 25ppm Cu and Fe NPs, a total of 58, 121, and 25 proteins were changed in abundance in wheat seeds of galaxy-13, Pakistan-13, and NARC-11, respectively. In galaxy-13, exposure to Cu NPs increased proteins involved in starch degradation and glycolysis. Furthermore, the number of proteins related to starch degradation, glycolysis, and tricarboxylic acid cycle was increased in galaxy-13 on Fe NPs exposure. Proteins related to glycolysis and the tricarboxylic acid cycle was increased in Pakistan-13 and NARC-11 by Fe NPs exposure. The sugar content and SOD activity was increased in wheat seeds treated with Cu and Fe NPs. The Cu content was increased at 25ppm Cu NPs exposure in seeds of wheat varieties. These results suggest that Cu NPs improved stress tolerance in wheat varieties by mediating the process of starch degradation, glycolysis, and tricarboxylic acid cycle through NPs uptake.
authors.affiliation: Department of Botany, PMAS Arid Agriculture University, Rawalpindi 46300, Pakistan; National Institute of Crop Science, National Agriculture and Food Research Organization, Tsukuba 305-8518, Japan.
authors.forename: Farhat
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Yasmeen
authors.affiliation: Department of Botany, PMAS Arid Agriculture University, Rawalpindi 46300, Pakistan. Electronic address: drnaveedraja@uaar.edu.pk.
authors.forename: Naveed Iqbal
authors.initials: NI
authors.lastname: Raja
authors.affiliation: Department of Agronomy, PMAS Arid Agriculture University, Rawalpindi 46300, Pakistan.
authors.forename: Abdul
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Razzaq
authors.affiliation: National Institute of Crop Science, National Agriculture and Food Research Organization, Tsukuba 305-8518, Japan. Electronic address: skomatsu@affrc.go.jp.
authors.forename: Setsuko
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Komatsu
mesh_terms: D002853:Chromatography, Liquid; D002952:Citric Acid Cycle; D016000:Cluster Analysis; D003300:Copper / Q000737:chemistry*; D006019:Glycolysis; D007501:Iron / Q000737:chemistry*; D013058:Mass Spectrometry; D053768:Metal Nanoparticles; D008855:Microscopy, Electron, Scanning; D010940:Plant Proteins / Q000378:metabolism*; D020543:Proteome; D012639:Seeds / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000201:enzymology / Q000378:metabolism; D013052:Spectrometry, X-Ray Emission; D013482:Superoxide Dismutase / Q000378:metabolism; D053719:Tandem Mass Spectrometry; D014908:Triticum / Q000196:embryology*
chemical_list: D010940:Plant Proteins; D020543:Proteome; D003300:Copper; D007501:Iron; D013482:Superoxide Dismutase
keywords: Copper nanoparticles; Iron nanoparticles; Proteomics; Seed; Wheat