title: Associations between DietaryAlliumVegetables and Risk of Breast Cancer: A Hospital-Based Matched Case-Control Study.
abstract: The protective effect ofAlliumvegetables against carcinogenesis has been reported in experimental studies particularly focusing on the gut. Therefore, we conducted a hospital-based matched case-control study to explore the association between dietaryAlliumconsumption and risk of breast cancer among Iranian women in northwest Iran.
  
  
  
  A validated, quantitative, food frequency questionnaire was completed in 285 women (aged 25-65 years old) newly diagnosed with histopathologically confirmed breast cancer (grade II, III or clinical stage II, III) in Tabriz, northwest Iran, and the completed questionnaires were included in an age- and regional-matched hospital based-control study. The odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (95% CI) were estimated using conditional logistic regression models.
  
  
  
  Multivariate analysis showed that there was a negative association between the consumption of raw onion and risk of breast cancer after adjustment for covariates (OR, 0.63; 95% CI, 0.40-1.00); however, this association was insignificant. On the other hand, there was a positive association between consumption of cooked onion and risk of breast cancer, after adjustment for covariates (OR, 1.54; 95% CI, 1.02-2.32). However, reduced risk of breast cancer was associated with higher consumption of garlic and leek with adjusted ORs of 0.41 (95% CI, 0.20-0.83) and 0.28 (95% CI, 0.15-0.51), respectively.
  
  
  
  Our findings suggest that high consumption of certainAlliumvegetables, in particular garlic and leek, may reduce the risk of breast cancer, while high consumption of cooked onion may be associated with an increased risk of breast cancer.
authors.affiliation: Department of General Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.
authors.forename: Ali
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Pourzand
authors.affiliation: Nutrition Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.
authors.forename: Aynaz
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Tajaddini
authors.affiliation: Department of Biochemistry and Dietetics, Faculty of Nutrition and Food Sciences, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.
authors.forename: Saeed
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Pirouzpanah
authors.affiliation: Department of Statistics and Epidemiology, Faculty of Health, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.
authors.forename: Mohammad
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Asghari-Jafarabadi
authors.affiliation: Department of Biochemistry and Clinical Laboratories, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.
authors.forename: Nasser
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Samadi
authors.affiliation: Nutrition Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.
authors.forename: Ali-Reza
authors.initials: AR
authors.lastname: Ostadrahimi
authors.affiliation: Department of Hematology and Oncology, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.
authors.forename: Zohreh
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Sanaat
keywords: Allium; Breast neoplasms; Onions; Prebiotics