title: Vaginal Extrusion of a Ventriculoperitoneal Shunt: A Case Report and Review of Literature.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Ventriculoperitoneal shunting is the most common treatment for hydrocephalus (excessive cerebrospinal fluid accumulation in the brain), but has the potential for serious complications such as shunt migration. Potential migration sites include the lateral ventricle mediastinum, gastrointestinal tract, abdominal wall, bladder, vagina, and scrotum.
  
  
  METHODS
  Here, we present a rare case of vaginal extrusion of a ventriculoperitoneal shunt.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Neurosurgeons and gynecologists should be aware of the potential occurrence of this rare complication.
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurosurgery, Tabriz University of Medical Science, Tabriz, Iran. Electronic address: lotfiniai@yahoo.com.
authors.forename: Iraj
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Lotfinia
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatric Neurosurgery, University of Alabama Birmingham, Alabama, USA.
authors.forename: Shane
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Tubbs
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurosurgery, Urmia University of Medical Science, Urmia, Iran.
authors.forename: Ata
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Mahdkhah
mesh_terms: D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D006849:Hydrocephalus / Q000601:surgery*; D007223:Infant; D011475:Prosthesis Failure / Q000009:adverse effects*; D014621:Vagina / Q000601:surgery; D014623:Vaginal Diseases / Q000209:etiology* / Q000601:surgery; D017287:Ventriculoperitoneal Shunt
keywords: Complications; Hydrocephalus; Vaginal extrusion; Ventriculoperitoneal shunt