title: Choline and betaine ameliorate liver lipid accumulation induced by vitamin B6deficiency in rats.
abstract: We investigated the efficacy of supplementing the diet with choline or betaine in ameliorating lipid accumulation induced by vitamin B6(B6) deficiency in rat liver. Male Wistar rats were fed a control, B6-deficient, choline-supplemented (2, 4, or 6 g choline bitartrate/kg diet) B6-deficient diet or betaine-supplemented (1, 2, or 4 g betaine anhydrous/kg diet) B6-deficient diet for 35 d; all diets contained 9 g L-methionine (Met)/kg diet. Choline or betaine supplementation attenuated liver lipid deposition and restored plasma lipid profiles to control levels. These treatments restored the disruptions in Met metabolism and the phosphatidylcholine (PC)/phosphatidylethanolamine (PE) ratio induced by B6deficiency in liver microsomes. These results suggest that choline and betaine ameliorated liver lipid accumulation induced by B6deficiency via recovery of Met metabolism and very low-density lipoprotein secretion by restoring the supply of PC derived from PE.
authors.affiliation: a The United Graduate School of Agricultural Science , Gifu University , Gifu , Japan.|b Faculty of Health and Human Life , Nagoya Bunri University , Inazawa , Japan.
authors.forename: Erina
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Kitagawa
authors.affiliation: c The Graduate School of Applied Biological Sciences , Gifu University , Gifu , Japan.
authors.forename: Tatsuya
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Yamamoto
authors.affiliation: c The Graduate School of Applied Biological Sciences , Gifu University , Gifu , Japan.
authors.forename: Mayuko
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Fujishita
authors.affiliation: c The Graduate School of Applied Biological Sciences , Gifu University , Gifu , Japan.
authors.forename: Yuki
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Ota
authors.affiliation: a The United Graduate School of Agricultural Science , Gifu University , Gifu , Japan.
authors.forename: Kohei
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Yamamoto
authors.affiliation: a The United Graduate School of Agricultural Science , Gifu University , Gifu , Japan.|c The Graduate School of Applied Biological Sciences , Gifu University , Gifu , Japan.|d Faculty of Applied Biological Sciences , Gifu University , Gifu , Japan.
authors.forename: Tomoyuki
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Nakagawa
authors.affiliation: a The United Graduate School of Agricultural Science , Gifu University , Gifu , Japan.|c The Graduate School of Applied Biological Sciences , Gifu University , Gifu , Japan.|d Faculty of Applied Biological Sciences , Gifu University , Gifu , Japan.
authors.forename: Takashi
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Hayakawa
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001622:Betaine / Q000494:pharmacology*; D002794:Choline / Q000494:pharmacology*; D019587:Dietary Supplements; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D006710:Homocysteine / Q000097:blood / Q000378:metabolism; D050356:Lipid Metabolism / Q000187:drug effects*; D008099:Liver / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism*; D008297:Male; D010713:Phosphatidylcholines / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000097:blood / Q000378:metabolism; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D025101:Vitamin B 6 / Q000097:blood / Q000378:metabolism; D026681:Vitamin B 6 Deficiency / Q000097:blood / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D010713:Phosphatidylcholines; D006710:Homocysteine; D001622:Betaine; D025101:Vitamin B 6; D002794:Choline
keywords: betaine; choline; liver lipids; methionine metabolism; vitamin B6 deficiency