title: Diabetes knowledge in adolescents with type 1 diabetes and their parents and glycemic control.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate diabetes knowledge and skills (DKS) in adolescents (>10 year) with type 1 diabetes (T1D) and their parents, and its effect on glycemic control.
  
  
  METHODS
  A ready-to-use program and a standardized questionnaire comprising 50 true-false questions based on this program, were elaborated by a National Committee, to help dispensing education at diagnosis of T1D. The questionnaire was completed by 2933 T1D patients (49% girls, 51% boys; 14.1 ± 2.5 year), 2180 mothers and 798 fathers, in 115 pediatric centers. Associations between DKS score (number of correct answers), glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) and sociofamilial characteristics were assessed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  DKS score increased with age, and was higher in girls than in boys and in mothers than in fathers; it correlated strongly between adolescents and their own parents; it was higher when adolescents had previously participated in diabetes camp and when parents had higher academic levels. HbA1c decreased significantly with parents' higher DKS score and academic level, and when both parents lived together. Mean adolescent DKS score was significantly higher in patients with HbA1c below 8% or 8.5% than for patients with HbA1c above these thresholds.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  A large survey in T1D children and adolescents and their parents showed associations between DKS and glycemic control, and the major role of sociofamilial factors.
authors.affiliation: Endocrinologie, Gynécologie et Diabétologie Pédiatrique, Hôpital Necker-Enfants malades, Paris, France.|L'Aide aux Jeunes Diabétiques (AJD), Paris, France.
authors.forename: Delphine
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Martin
authors.affiliation: Unité de Recherche clinique/Centre d'Investigation Clinique Paris Descartes Necker Cochin, Hôpital Necker-Enfants malades, Paris, France.
authors.forename: Caroline
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Elie
authors.affiliation: Néphrologie pédiatrique, Hôpital Robert Debré, Paris, France.
authors.forename: Claire
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Dossier
authors.affiliation: Endocrinologie, Gynécologie et Diabétologie Pédiatrique, Hôpital Necker-Enfants malades, Paris, France.
authors.forename: Cécile
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Godot
authors.affiliation: Laboratoire de Pédagogie de la Santé, Université Paris 13, Bobigny, France.
authors.forename: Rémi
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Gagnayre
authors.affiliation: L'Aide aux Jeunes Diabétiques (AJD), Paris, France.
authors.forename: Carine
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Choleau
authors.affiliation: L'Aide aux Jeunes Diabétiques (AJD), Paris, France.
authors.forename: Michel
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Cahané
authors.affiliation: Endocrinologie, Gynécologie et Diabétologie Pédiatrique, Hôpital Necker-Enfants malades, Paris, France.|L'Aide aux Jeunes Diabétiques (AJD), Paris, France.|Sorbonne Paris Cité, Université René Descartes, Paris, France.
authors.forename: Jean-Jacques
authors.initials: JJ
authors.lastname: Robert
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000367:Age Factors; D002648:Child; D003131:Combined Modality Therapy; D003922:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1 / Q000097:blood / Q000628:therapy*; D016883:Diabetic Ketoacidosis / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000517:prevention & control; D005260:Female; D005602:France / Q000453:epidemiology; D006442:Glycated Hemoglobin / Q000032:analysis; D007722:Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice; D006776:Hospitals, Pediatric; D006801:Humans; D006943:Hyperglycemia / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000517:prevention & control*; D007003:Hypoglycemia / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000517:prevention & control*; D008297:Male; D010290:Parents / Q000193:education; D010353:Patient Education as Topic; D000072858:Psychosocial Support Systems; D012306:Risk; D057566:Self Report; D000073278:Self-Management / Q000193:education; D012737:Sex Factors
chemical_list: D006442:Glycated Hemoglobin; C517652:hemoglobin A1c protein, human
keywords: adolescent diabetes; education; glycemic control; knowledge; psychosocial factors