title: Sulfur deficiency-induced repressor proteins optimize glucosinolate biosynthesis in plants.
abstract: Glucosinolates (GSLs) in the plant order of the Brassicales are sulfur-rich secondary metabolites that harbor antipathogenic and antiherbivory plant-protective functions and have medicinal properties, such as carcinopreventive and antibiotic activities. Plants repress GSL biosynthesis upon sulfur deficiency (-S); hence, field performance and medicinal quality are impaired by inadequate sulfate supply. The molecular mechanism that links -S to GSL biosynthesis has remained understudied. We report here the identification of the -S marker genessulfur deficiency induced 1(SDI1) andSDI2acting as major repressors controlling GSL biosynthesis inArabidopsisunder -S condition.SDI1andSDI2expression negatively correlated with GSL biosynthesis in both transcript and metabolite levels. Principal components analysis of transcriptome data indicated that SDI1 regulates aliphatic GSL biosynthesis as part of -S response. SDI1 was localized to the nucleus and interacted with MYB28, a major transcription factor that promotes aliphatic GSL biosynthesis, in both yeast and plant cells. SDI1 inhibited the transcription of aliphatic GSL biosynthetic genes by maintaining the DNA binding composition in the form of an SDI1-MYB28 complex, leading to down-regulation of GSL biosynthesis and prioritization of sulfate usage for primary metabolites under sulfur-deprived conditions.
authors.affiliation: Max Planck Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, Am Mühlenberg 1, 14476 Potsdam-Golm, Germany.
authors.forename: Fayezeh
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Aarabi
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Bioscience, Fukui Prefectural University, 4-1-1 Kenjojima, Matsuoka, Eiheiji-town, Fukui 910-1195, Japan.
authors.forename: Miyuki
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kusajima
authors.affiliation: Max Planck Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, Am Mühlenberg 1, 14476 Potsdam-Golm, Germany.; RIKEN Plant Science Center, 1-7-22 Suehiro-cho, Tsurumi-ku, Yokohama 230-0045, Japan.
authors.forename: Takayuki
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Tohge
authors.affiliation: Department of Bioresource Sciences, Akita Prefectural University, Shimoshinjyo-Nakano, Akita 010-0195, Japan.
authors.forename: Tomokazu
authors.identifier: 0000-0003-4826-6265
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Konishi
authors.affiliation: Botanical Institute, University of Cologne, Biocenter, Zuelpicher Str. 47 B, 50674 Cologne, Germany.
authors.forename: Tamara
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Gigolashvili
authors.affiliation: RIKEN Plant Science Center, 1-7-22 Suehiro-cho, Tsurumi-ku, Yokohama 230-0045, Japan.
authors.forename: Makiko
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Takamune
authors.affiliation: RIKEN Plant Science Center, 1-7-22 Suehiro-cho, Tsurumi-ku, Yokohama 230-0045, Japan.
authors.forename: Yoko
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Sasazaki
authors.affiliation: Max Planck Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, Am Mühlenberg 1, 14476 Potsdam-Golm, Germany.
authors.forename: Mutsumi
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Watanabe
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Bioscience, Fukui Prefectural University, 4-1-1 Kenjojima, Matsuoka, Eiheiji-town, Fukui 910-1195, Japan.
authors.forename: Hideo
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Nakashita
authors.affiliation: Max Planck Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, Am Mühlenberg 1, 14476 Potsdam-Golm, Germany.
authors.forename: Alisdair R
authors.initials: AR
authors.lastname: Fernie
authors.affiliation: RIKEN Plant Science Center, 1-7-22 Suehiro-cho, Tsurumi-ku, Yokohama 230-0045, Japan.; Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chiba University, 1-8-1 Inohana, Chuo-ku, Chiba 260-8675, Japan.
authors.forename: Kazuki
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Saito
authors.affiliation: RIKEN Plant Science Center, 1-7-22 Suehiro-cho, Tsurumi-ku, Yokohama 230-0045, Japan.; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA.
authors.forename: Hideki
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Takahashi
authors.affiliation: Max Planck Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, Am Mühlenberg 1, 14476 Potsdam-Golm, Germany.
authors.forename: Hans-Michael
authors.initials: HM
authors.lastname: Hubberten
authors.affiliation: Max Planck Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, Am Mühlenberg 1, 14476 Potsdam-Golm, Germany.
authors.forename: Rainer
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Hoefgen
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Bioscience, Fukui Prefectural University, 4-1-1 Kenjojima, Matsuoka, Eiheiji-town, Fukui 910-1195, Japan.; RIKEN Plant Science Center, 1-7-22 Suehiro-cho, Tsurumi-ku, Yokohama 230-0045, Japan.; Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Kyushu University, 6-10-1 Hakozaki, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka 812-8581, Japan.
authors.forename: Akiko
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Maruyama-Nakashita
mesh_terms: D017360:Arabidopsis / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D029681:Arabidopsis Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D002467:Cell Nucleus / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D005961:Glucosinolates / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000235:genetics; D012097:Repressor Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D029681:Arabidopsis Proteins; D005961:Glucosinolates; D012097:Repressor Proteins
keywords: Arabidopsis thaliana; Glucosinolates; MYB28; sulfur; sulfur deficiency induced