title: Climate change and occupational allergies: an overview on biological pollution, exposure and prevention.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Climate change, air pollution, temperature increase and other environmental variables are modifying air quality, contributing to the increase of prevalence of allergic respiratory diseases. Allergies are complex diseases characterized by multilevel interactions between individual susceptibility, response to immune modulation and environmental exposures to physical, chemical and biological agents. Occupational allergies introduce a further complexity to these relationships by adding occupational exposure to both the indoor and outdoor ones in the living environment.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  The aim of this paper is to overview climate-related allergy affecting environmental and occupational health, as literature data are scanty in this regard, and to suggest a management model of this risk based on a multidisciplinary approach, taking the case of biological pollution, with details on exposure and prevention.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The management of climate-related occupational allergy should take into account preventive health strategies, environmental, public and occupational interventions, as well as to develop, implement, evaluate, and improve guidelines and standards protecting workers health under changing climatic conditions; new tools and strategies based on local conditions will have to be developed. Experimental studies and acquisition of environmental and personal data have to be matched to derive useful information for the scope of occupational health and safety.
authors.affiliation: Dipartimento di Medicina, Epidemiologia, Igiene del Lavoro e Ambientale, Istituto Nazionale per l'Assicurazione contro gli Infortuni sul Lavoro (INAIL), Monte Porzio Catone (Rome), Italy.
authors.forename: Maria Concetta
authors.initials: MC
authors.lastname: D'Ovidio
authors.affiliation: Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, INSERM, Pierre Louis Institute of Epidemiology and Public Health (IPLESP UMRS 1136), Epidemiology of Allergic and Respiratory Diseases Department (EPAR), Saint-Antoine Medical School, F75012 Paris, France.
authors.forename: Isabella
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Annesi-Maesano
authors.affiliation: Unità Operativa Complessa di Malattie Respiratorie e Allergiche, Azienda Ospedaliera ad Alta Specialità di Rilievo Nazionale A. Cardarelli, Naples, Italy.
authors.forename: Gennaro
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: D'Amato
authors.affiliation: Centro di Bioclimatologia, Università degli Studi di Firenze, Florence, Italy.
authors.forename: Lorenzo
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Cecchi
mesh_terms: D000485:Allergens / Q000032:analysis; D057231:Climate Change; D004787:Environmental Pollution / Q000009:adverse effects*; D006801:Humans; D006967:Hypersensitivity / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000517:prevention & control*; D009784:Occupational Diseases / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000517:prevention & control*; D016273:Occupational Exposure; D016272:Occupational Health
chemical_list: D000485:Allergens