title: Dietary Phytochemicals: Natural Swords Combating Inflammation and Oxidation-Mediated Degenerative Diseases.
abstract: Cumulatively, degenerative disease is one of the most fatal groups of diseases, and it contributes to the mortality and poor quality of life in the world while increasing the economic burden of the sufferers. Oxidative stress and inflammation are the major pathogenic causes of degenerative diseases such as rheumatoid arthritis (RA), diabetes mellitus (DM), and cardiovascular disease (CVD). Although a number of synthetic medications are used to treat these diseases, none of the current regimens are completely safe. Phytochemicals (polyphenols, carotenoids, anthocyanins, alkaloids, glycosides, saponins, and terpenes) from natural products such as dietary fruits, vegetables, and spices are potential sources of alternative medications to attenuate the oxidative stress and inflammation associated with degenerative diseases. Based onin vitro,in vivo, and clinical trials, some of these active compounds have shown good promise for development into novel agents for treating RA, DM, and CVD by targeting oxidative stress and inflammation. In this review, phytochemicals from natural products with the potential of ameliorating degenerative disease involving the bone, metabolism, and the heart are described.
authors.affiliation: Human Genome Centre, School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 16150 Kubang Kerian, Kelantan, Malaysia.
authors.forename: Md Asiful
authors.identifier: 0000-0001-5937-6473
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Islam
authors.affiliation: Human Genome Centre, School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 16150 Kubang Kerian, Kelantan, Malaysia.
authors.forename: Fahmida
authors.identifier: 0000-0002-2196-2044
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Alam
authors.affiliation: Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Jahangirnagar University, Savar, Dhaka 1342, Bangladesh.
authors.forename: Md
authors.identifier: 0000-0003-4316-5211
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Solayman
authors.affiliation: Human Genome Centre, School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 16150 Kubang Kerian, Kelantan, Malaysia; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Jahangirnagar University, Savar, Dhaka 1342, Bangladesh.
authors.forename: Md Ibrahim
authors.identifier: 0000-0002-8358-0252
authors.initials: MI
authors.lastname: Khalil
authors.affiliation: King Fahd Medical Research Center, King Abdulaziz University, P.O. Box 80216, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia; Enzymoics, 7 Peterlee Place, Hebersham, NSW 2770, Australia; Novel Global Community Educational Foundation, 7 Peterlee Place, Hebersham, NSW 2770, Australia.
authors.forename: Mohammad Amjad
authors.identifier: 0000-0003-0088-0565
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Kamal
authors.affiliation: Human Genome Centre, School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 16150 Kubang Kerian, Kelantan, Malaysia.
authors.forename: Siew Hua
authors.identifier: 0000-0001-6470-3651
authors.initials: SH
authors.lastname: Gan
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000893:Anti-Inflammatory Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000302:isolation & purification; D000975:Antioxidants / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000302:isolation & purification; D018501:Antirheumatic Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage; D001172:Arthritis, Rheumatoid / Q000378:metabolism / Q000628:therapy*; D002318:Cardiovascular Diseases / Q000378:metabolism / Q000401:mortality / Q000628:therapy*; D003920:Diabetes Mellitus / Q000378:metabolism / Q000401:mortality / Q000628:therapy*; D000072001:Diet, Healthy; D019587:Dietary Supplements; D006801:Humans; D007004:Hypoglycemic Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage; D007249:Inflammation / Q000378:metabolism / Q000401:mortality / Q000628:therapy*; D018384:Oxidative Stress / Q000187:drug effects*; D064209:Phytochemicals / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000302:isolation & purification
chemical_list: D000893:Anti-Inflammatory Agents; D000975:Antioxidants; D018501:Antirheumatic Agents; D007004:Hypoglycemic Agents; D064209:Phytochemicals