title: Prognostic Benefit of Cardiac Magnetic Resonance Over Transthoracic Echocardiography for the Assessment of Ischemic and Nonischemic Dilated Cardiomyopathy Patients Referred for the Evaluation of Primary Prevention Implantable Cardioverter-Defibrillator Therapy.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The aim of this study was to determine the prognostic benefit of cardiac magnetic resonance (CMR) over transthoracic echocardiography (TTE) in ischemic cardiomyopathy and nonischemic dilated cardiomyopathy patients evaluated for primary prevention implantable cardioverter-defibrillator therapy.
  
  
  RESULTS
  We enrolled 409 consecutive ischemic and dilated cardiomyopathy patients (mean age: 64±12 years; 331 men). All patients underwent TTE and CMR, and left ventricle end-diastolic volume, left ventricle end-systolic volume, and left ventricle ejection fraction (LVEF) were evaluated. In addition, late gadolinium enhancement was also assessed. All patients were followed up for major adverse cardiac events (MACE) defined as a composite end point of long runs of nonsustained ventricular tachycardia, sustained ventricular tachycardia, aborted sudden cardiac death, or sudden cardiac death. The median follow-up was 545 days. CMR showed higher left ventricle end-diastolic volume (mean difference: 43±22.5 mL), higher left ventricle end-systolic volume (mean difference: 34±20.5 mL), and lower LVEF (mean difference: -4.9±10%) as compared to TTE (P<0.01). MACE occurred in 103 (25%) patients. Patients experiencing MACE showed higher left ventricle end-diastolic volume, higher left ventricle end-systolic volume, and lower LVEF with both imaging modalities and higher late gadolinium enhancement per-patient prevalence as compared to patients without MACE. At multivariable analysis, CMR-LVEF ≤35% (hazard ratio=2.18 [1.3-3.8]) and the presence of late gadolinium enhancement (hazard ratio=2.2 [1.4-3.6]) were independently associated with MACE (P<0.01). A model based on CMR-LVEF ≤35% or CMR-LVEF ≤35% plus late gadolinium enhancement detection showed a higher performance in the prediction of MACE as compared to TTE-LVEF resulting in net reclassification improvement of 0.468 (95% confidence interval, 0.283-0.654; P<0.001) and 0.413 (95% confidence interval, 0.23-0.63; P<0.001), respectively.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  CMR provides additional prognostic stratification as compared to TTE, which may have direct impact on the indication of implantable cardioverter-defibrillator implantation.
authors.affiliation: From the Centro Cardiologico Monzino, IRCCS, Milan, Italy (G.P., D.A., M.G., S.M., A.B., V.B., L.F., C.S., E.C., P.G., A.D.R., M.M., F.T., C.T., P.A., A.L.B., M.P.); Department of Emergency and Organ Transplantation, Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, University Hospital Policlinico Consorziale of Bari, Italy (A.I.G.); Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Foggia, Italy (A.I.G.); Department of Cardiovascular Sciences and Community Health, University of Milan, Italy (D.A., A.S., C.R., F.L., P.A.); UOC Malattie Cardiovascolari, Fondazione IRCCS Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy (F.L.); Department of Imaging, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, IRCCS, Rome, Italy (G.M.); Istituto di Management, Scuola Superiore Sant'Anna, Pisa, Italy (V.L.); and Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences "Luigi Sacco", University of Milan, Italy (A.L.B.). gianluca.pontone@ccfm.it.
authors.forename: Gianluca
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Pontone
authors.affiliation: From the Centro Cardiologico Monzino, IRCCS, Milan, Italy (G.P., D.A., M.G., S.M., A.B., V.B., L.F., C.S., E.C., P.G., A.D.R., M.M., F.T., C.T., P.A., A.L.B., M.P.); Department of Emergency and Organ Transplantation, Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, University Hospital Policlinico Consorziale of Bari, Italy (A.I.G.); Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Foggia, Italy (A.I.G.); Department of Cardiovascular Sciences and Community Health, University of Milan, Italy (D.A., A.S., C.R., F.L., P.A.); UOC Malattie Cardiovascolari, Fondazione IRCCS Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy (F.L.); Department of Imaging, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, IRCCS, Rome, Italy (G.M.); Istituto di Management, Scuola Superiore Sant'Anna, Pisa, Italy (V.L.); and Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences "Luigi Sacco", University of Milan, Italy (A.L.B.).
authors.forename: Andrea I
authors.initials: AI
authors.lastname: Guaricci
authors.affiliation: From the Centro Cardiologico Monzino, IRCCS, Milan, Italy (G.P., D.A., M.G., S.M., A.B., V.B., L.F., C.S., E.C., P.G., A.D.R., M.M., F.T., C.T., P.A., A.L.B., M.P.); Department of Emergency and Organ Transplantation, Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, University Hospital Policlinico Consorziale of Bari, Italy (A.I.G.); Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Foggia, Italy (A.I.G.); Department of Cardiovascular Sciences and Community Health, University of Milan, Italy (D.A., A.S., C.R., F.L., P.A.); UOC Malattie Cardiovascolari, Fondazione IRCCS Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy (F.L.); Department of Imaging, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, IRCCS, Rome, Italy (G.M.); Istituto di Management, Scuola Superiore Sant'Anna, Pisa, Italy (V.L.); and Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences "Luigi Sacco", University of Milan, Italy (A.L.B.).
authors.forename: Daniele
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Andreini
authors.affiliation: From the Centro Cardiologico Monzino, IRCCS, Milan, Italy (G.P., D.A., M.G., S.M., A.B., V.B., L.F., C.S., E.C., P.G., A.D.R., M.M., F.T., C.T., P.A., A.L.B., M.P.); Department of Emergency and Organ Transplantation, Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, University Hospital Policlinico Consorziale of Bari, Italy (A.I.G.); Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Foggia, Italy (A.I.G.); Department of Cardiovascular Sciences and Community Health, University of Milan, Italy (D.A., A.S., C.R., F.L., P.A.); UOC Malattie Cardiovascolari, Fondazione IRCCS Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy (F.L.); Department of Imaging, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, IRCCS, Rome, Italy (G.M.); Istituto di Management, Scuola Superiore Sant'Anna, Pisa, Italy (V.L.); and Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences "Luigi Sacco", University of Milan, Italy (A.L.B.).
authors.forename: Anna
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Solbiati
authors.affiliation: From the Centro Cardiologico Monzino, IRCCS, Milan, Italy (G.P., D.A., M.G., S.M., A.B., V.B., L.F., C.S., E.C., P.G., A.D.R., M.M., F.T., C.T., P.A., A.L.B., M.P.); Department of Emergency and Organ Transplantation, Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, University Hospital Policlinico Consorziale of Bari, Italy (A.I.G.); Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Foggia, Italy (A.I.G.); Department of Cardiovascular Sciences and Community Health, University of Milan, Italy (D.A., A.S., C.R., F.L., P.A.); UOC Malattie Cardiovascolari, Fondazione IRCCS Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy (F.L.); Department of Imaging, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, IRCCS, Rome, Italy (G.M.); Istituto di Management, Scuola Superiore Sant'Anna, Pisa, Italy (V.L.); and Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences "Luigi Sacco", University of Milan, Italy (A.L.B.).
authors.forename: Marco
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Guglielmo
authors.affiliation: From the Centro Cardiologico Monzino, IRCCS, Milan, Italy (G.P., D.A., M.G., S.M., A.B., V.B., L.F., C.S., E.C., P.G., A.D.R., M.M., F.T., C.T., P.A., A.L.B., M.P.); Department of Emergency and Organ Transplantation, Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, University Hospital Policlinico Consorziale of Bari, Italy (A.I.G.); Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Foggia, Italy (A.I.G.); Department of Cardiovascular Sciences and Community Health, University of Milan, Italy (D.A., A.S., C.R., F.L., P.A.); UOC Malattie Cardiovascolari, Fondazione IRCCS Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy (F.L.); Department of Imaging, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, IRCCS, Rome, Italy (G.M.); Istituto di Management, Scuola Superiore Sant'Anna, Pisa, Italy (V.L.); and Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences "Luigi Sacco", University of Milan, Italy (A.L.B.).
authors.forename: Saima
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Mushtaq
authors.affiliation: From the Centro Cardiologico Monzino, IRCCS, Milan, Italy (G.P., D.A., M.G., S.M., A.B., V.B., L.F., C.S., E.C., P.G., A.D.R., M.M., F.T., C.T., P.A., A.L.B., M.P.); Department of Emergency and Organ Transplantation, Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, University Hospital Policlinico Consorziale of Bari, Italy (A.I.G.); Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Foggia, Italy (A.I.G.); Department of Cardiovascular Sciences and Community Health, University of Milan, Italy (D.A., A.S., C.R., F.L., P.A.); UOC Malattie Cardiovascolari, Fondazione IRCCS Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy (F.L.); Department of Imaging, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, IRCCS, Rome, Italy (G.M.); Istituto di Management, Scuola Superiore Sant'Anna, Pisa, Italy (V.L.); and Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences "Luigi Sacco", University of Milan, Italy (A.L.B.).
authors.forename: Andrea
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Baggiano
authors.affiliation: From the Centro Cardiologico Monzino, IRCCS, Milan, Italy (G.P., D.A., M.G., S.M., A.B., V.B., L.F., C.S., E.C., P.G., A.D.R., M.M., F.T., C.T., P.A., A.L.B., M.P.); Department of Emergency and Organ Transplantation, Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, University Hospital Policlinico Consorziale of Bari, Italy (A.I.G.); Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Foggia, Italy (A.I.G.); Department of Cardiovascular Sciences and Community Health, University of Milan, Italy (D.A., A.S., C.R., F.L., P.A.); UOC Malattie Cardiovascolari, Fondazione IRCCS Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy (F.L.); Department of Imaging, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, IRCCS, Rome, Italy (G.M.); Istituto di Management, Scuola Superiore Sant'Anna, Pisa, Italy (V.L.); and Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences "Luigi Sacco", University of Milan, Italy (A.L.B.).
authors.forename: Virginia
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Beltrama
authors.affiliation: From the Centro Cardiologico Monzino, IRCCS, Milan, Italy (G.P., D.A., M.G., S.M., A.B., V.B., L.F., C.S., E.C., P.G., A.D.R., M.M., F.T., C.T., P.A., A.L.B., M.P.); Department of Emergency and Organ Transplantation, Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, University Hospital Policlinico Consorziale of Bari, Italy (A.I.G.); Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Foggia, Italy (A.I.G.); Department of Cardiovascular Sciences and Community Health, University of Milan, Italy (D.A., A.S., C.R., F.L., P.A.); UOC Malattie Cardiovascolari, Fondazione IRCCS Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy (F.L.); Department of Imaging, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, IRCCS, Rome, Italy (G.M.); Istituto di Management, Scuola Superiore Sant'Anna, Pisa, Italy (V.L.); and Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences "Luigi Sacco", University of Milan, Italy (A.L.B.).
authors.forename: Laura
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Fusini
authors.affiliation: From the Centro Cardiologico Monzino, IRCCS, Milan, Italy (G.P., D.A., M.G., S.M., A.B., V.B., L.F., C.S., E.C., P.G., A.D.R., M.M., F.T., C.T., P.A., A.L.B., M.P.); Department of Emergency and Organ Transplantation, Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, University Hospital Policlinico Consorziale of Bari, Italy (A.I.G.); Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Foggia, Italy (A.I.G.); Department of Cardiovascular Sciences and Community Health, University of Milan, Italy (D.A., A.S., C.R., F.L., P.A.); UOC Malattie Cardiovascolari, Fondazione IRCCS Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy (F.L.); Department of Imaging, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, IRCCS, Rome, Italy (G.M.); Istituto di Management, Scuola Superiore Sant'Anna, Pisa, Italy (V.L.); and Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences "Luigi Sacco", University of Milan, Italy (A.L.B.).
authors.forename: Cristina
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Rota
authors.affiliation: From the Centro Cardiologico Monzino, IRCCS, Milan, Italy (G.P., D.A., M.G., S.M., A.B., V.B., L.F., C.S., E.C., P.G., A.D.R., M.M., F.T., C.T., P.A., A.L.B., M.P.); Department of Emergency and Organ Transplantation, Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, University Hospital Policlinico Consorziale of Bari, Italy (A.I.G.); Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Foggia, Italy (A.I.G.); Department of Cardiovascular Sciences and Community Health, University of Milan, Italy (D.A., A.S., C.R., F.L., P.A.); UOC Malattie Cardiovascolari, Fondazione IRCCS Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy (F.L.); Department of Imaging, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, IRCCS, Rome, Italy (G.M.); Istituto di Management, Scuola Superiore Sant'Anna, Pisa, Italy (V.L.); and Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences "Luigi Sacco", University of Milan, Italy (A.L.B.).
authors.forename: Chiara
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Segurini
authors.affiliation: From the Centro Cardiologico Monzino, IRCCS, Milan, Italy (G.P., D.A., M.G., S.M., A.B., V.B., L.F., C.S., E.C., P.G., A.D.R., M.M., F.T., C.T., P.A., A.L.B., M.P.); Department of Emergency and Organ Transplantation, Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, University Hospital Policlinico Consorziale of Bari, Italy (A.I.G.); Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Foggia, Italy (A.I.G.); Department of Cardiovascular Sciences and Community Health, University of Milan, Italy (D.A., A.S., C.R., F.L., P.A.); UOC Malattie Cardiovascolari, Fondazione IRCCS Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy (F.L.); Department of Imaging, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, IRCCS, Rome, Italy (G.M.); Istituto di Management, Scuola Superiore Sant'Anna, Pisa, Italy (V.L.); and Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences "Luigi Sacco", University of Milan, Italy (A.L.B.).
authors.forename: Edoardo
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Conte
authors.affiliation: From the Centro Cardiologico Monzino, IRCCS, Milan, Italy (G.P., D.A., M.G., S.M., A.B., V.B., L.F., C.S., E.C., P.G., A.D.R., M.M., F.T., C.T., P.A., A.L.B., M.P.); Department of Emergency and Organ Transplantation, Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, University Hospital Policlinico Consorziale of Bari, Italy (A.I.G.); Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Foggia, Italy (A.I.G.); Department of Cardiovascular Sciences and Community Health, University of Milan, Italy (D.A., A.S., C.R., F.L., P.A.); UOC Malattie Cardiovascolari, Fondazione IRCCS Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy (F.L.); Department of Imaging, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, IRCCS, Rome, Italy (G.M.); Istituto di Management, Scuola Superiore Sant'Anna, Pisa, Italy (V.L.); and Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences "Luigi Sacco", University of Milan, Italy (A.L.B.).
authors.forename: Paola
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Gripari
authors.affiliation: From the Centro Cardiologico Monzino, IRCCS, Milan, Italy (G.P., D.A., M.G., S.M., A.B., V.B., L.F., C.S., E.C., P.G., A.D.R., M.M., F.T., C.T., P.A., A.L.B., M.P.); Department of Emergency and Organ Transplantation, Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, University Hospital Policlinico Consorziale of Bari, Italy (A.I.G.); Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Foggia, Italy (A.I.G.); Department of Cardiovascular Sciences and Community Health, University of Milan, Italy (D.A., A.S., C.R., F.L., P.A.); UOC Malattie Cardiovascolari, Fondazione IRCCS Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy (F.L.); Department of Imaging, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, IRCCS, Rome, Italy (G.M.); Istituto di Management, Scuola Superiore Sant'Anna, Pisa, Italy (V.L.); and Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences "Luigi Sacco", University of Milan, Italy (A.L.B.).
authors.forename: Antonio
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Dello Russo
authors.affiliation: From the Centro Cardiologico Monzino, IRCCS, Milan, Italy (G.P., D.A., M.G., S.M., A.B., V.B., L.F., C.S., E.C., P.G., A.D.R., M.M., F.T., C.T., P.A., A.L.B., M.P.); Department of Emergency and Organ Transplantation, Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, University Hospital Policlinico Consorziale of Bari, Italy (A.I.G.); Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Foggia, Italy (A.I.G.); Department of Cardiovascular Sciences and Community Health, University of Milan, Italy (D.A., A.S., C.R., F.L., P.A.); UOC Malattie Cardiovascolari, Fondazione IRCCS Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy (F.L.); Department of Imaging, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, IRCCS, Rome, Italy (G.M.); Istituto di Management, Scuola Superiore Sant'Anna, Pisa, Italy (V.L.); and Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences "Luigi Sacco", University of Milan, Italy (A.L.B.).
authors.forename: Massimo
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Moltrasio
authors.affiliation: From the Centro Cardiologico Monzino, IRCCS, Milan, Italy (G.P., D.A., M.G., S.M., A.B., V.B., L.F., C.S., E.C., P.G., A.D.R., M.M., F.T., C.T., P.A., A.L.B., M.P.); Department of Emergency and Organ Transplantation, Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, University Hospital Policlinico Consorziale of Bari, Italy (A.I.G.); Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Foggia, Italy (A.I.G.); Department of Cardiovascular Sciences and Community Health, University of Milan, Italy (D.A., A.S., C.R., F.L., P.A.); UOC Malattie Cardiovascolari, Fondazione IRCCS Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy (F.L.); Department of Imaging, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, IRCCS, Rome, Italy (G.M.); Istituto di Management, Scuola Superiore Sant'Anna, Pisa, Italy (V.L.); and Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences "Luigi Sacco", University of Milan, Italy (A.L.B.).
authors.forename: Fabrizio
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Tundo
authors.affiliation: From the Centro Cardiologico Monzino, IRCCS, Milan, Italy (G.P., D.A., M.G., S.M., A.B., V.B., L.F., C.S., E.C., P.G., A.D.R., M.M., F.T., C.T., P.A., A.L.B., M.P.); Department of Emergency and Organ Transplantation, Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, University Hospital Policlinico Consorziale of Bari, Italy (A.I.G.); Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Foggia, Italy (A.I.G.); Department of Cardiovascular Sciences and Community Health, University of Milan, Italy (D.A., A.S., C.R., F.L., P.A.); UOC Malattie Cardiovascolari, Fondazione IRCCS Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy (F.L.); Department of Imaging, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, IRCCS, Rome, Italy (G.M.); Istituto di Management, Scuola Superiore Sant'Anna, Pisa, Italy (V.L.); and Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences "Luigi Sacco", University of Milan, Italy (A.L.B.).
authors.forename: Federico
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Lombardi
authors.affiliation: From the Centro Cardiologico Monzino, IRCCS, Milan, Italy (G.P., D.A., M.G., S.M., A.B., V.B., L.F., C.S., E.C., P.G., A.D.R., M.M., F.T., C.T., P.A., A.L.B., M.P.); Department of Emergency and Organ Transplantation, Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, University Hospital Policlinico Consorziale of Bari, Italy (A.I.G.); Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Foggia, Italy (A.I.G.); Department of Cardiovascular Sciences and Community Health, University of Milan, Italy (D.A., A.S., C.R., F.L., P.A.); UOC Malattie Cardiovascolari, Fondazione IRCCS Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy (F.L.); Department of Imaging, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, IRCCS, Rome, Italy (G.M.); Istituto di Management, Scuola Superiore Sant'Anna, Pisa, Italy (V.L.); and Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences "Luigi Sacco", University of Milan, Italy (A.L.B.).
authors.forename: Giuseppe
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Muscogiuri
authors.affiliation: From the Centro Cardiologico Monzino, IRCCS, Milan, Italy (G.P., D.A., M.G., S.M., A.B., V.B., L.F., C.S., E.C., P.G., A.D.R., M.M., F.T., C.T., P.A., A.L.B., M.P.); Department of Emergency and Organ Transplantation, Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, University Hospital Policlinico Consorziale of Bari, Italy (A.I.G.); Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Foggia, Italy (A.I.G.); Department of Cardiovascular Sciences and Community Health, University of Milan, Italy (D.A., A.S., C.R., F.L., P.A.); UOC Malattie Cardiovascolari, Fondazione IRCCS Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy (F.L.); Department of Imaging, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, IRCCS, Rome, Italy (G.M.); Istituto di Management, Scuola Superiore Sant'Anna, Pisa, Italy (V.L.); and Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences "Luigi Sacco", University of Milan, Italy (A.L.B.).
authors.forename: Valentina
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Lorenzoni
authors.affiliation: From the Centro Cardiologico Monzino, IRCCS, Milan, Italy (G.P., D.A., M.G., S.M., A.B., V.B., L.F., C.S., E.C., P.G., A.D.R., M.M., F.T., C.T., P.A., A.L.B., M.P.); Department of Emergency and Organ Transplantation, Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, University Hospital Policlinico Consorziale of Bari, Italy (A.I.G.); Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Foggia, Italy (A.I.G.); Department of Cardiovascular Sciences and Community Health, University of Milan, Italy (D.A., A.S., C.R., F.L., P.A.); UOC Malattie Cardiovascolari, Fondazione IRCCS Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy (F.L.); Department of Imaging, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, IRCCS, Rome, Italy (G.M.); Istituto di Management, Scuola Superiore Sant'Anna, Pisa, Italy (V.L.); and Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences "Luigi Sacco", University of Milan, Italy (A.L.B.).
authors.forename: Claudio
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Tondo
authors.affiliation: From the Centro Cardiologico Monzino, IRCCS, Milan, Italy (G.P., D.A., M.G., S.M., A.B., V.B., L.F., C.S., E.C., P.G., A.D.R., M.M., F.T., C.T., P.A., A.L.B., M.P.); Department of Emergency and Organ Transplantation, Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, University Hospital Policlinico Consorziale of Bari, Italy (A.I.G.); Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Foggia, Italy (A.I.G.); Department of Cardiovascular Sciences and Community Health, University of Milan, Italy (D.A., A.S., C.R., F.L., P.A.); UOC Malattie Cardiovascolari, Fondazione IRCCS Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy (F.L.); Department of Imaging, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, IRCCS, Rome, Italy (G.M.); Istituto di Management, Scuola Superiore Sant'Anna, Pisa, Italy (V.L.); and Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences "Luigi Sacco", University of Milan, Italy (A.L.B.).
authors.forename: Piergiuseppe
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Agostoni
authors.affiliation: From the Centro Cardiologico Monzino, IRCCS, Milan, Italy (G.P., D.A., M.G., S.M., A.B., V.B., L.F., C.S., E.C., P.G., A.D.R., M.M., F.T., C.T., P.A., A.L.B., M.P.); Department of Emergency and Organ Transplantation, Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, University Hospital Policlinico Consorziale of Bari, Italy (A.I.G.); Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Foggia, Italy (A.I.G.); Department of Cardiovascular Sciences and Community Health, University of Milan, Italy (D.A., A.S., C.R., F.L., P.A.); UOC Malattie Cardiovascolari, Fondazione IRCCS Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy (F.L.); Department of Imaging, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, IRCCS, Rome, Italy (G.M.); Istituto di Management, Scuola Superiore Sant'Anna, Pisa, Italy (V.L.); and Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences "Luigi Sacco", University of Milan, Italy (A.L.B.).
authors.forename: Antonio L
authors.initials: AL
authors.lastname: Bartorelli
authors.affiliation: From the Centro Cardiologico Monzino, IRCCS, Milan, Italy (G.P., D.A., M.G., S.M., A.B., V.B., L.F., C.S., E.C., P.G., A.D.R., M.M., F.T., C.T., P.A., A.L.B., M.P.); Department of Emergency and Organ Transplantation, Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, University Hospital Policlinico Consorziale of Bari, Italy (A.I.G.); Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Foggia, Italy (A.I.G.); Department of Cardiovascular Sciences and Community Health, University of Milan, Italy (D.A., A.S., C.R., F.L., P.A.); UOC Malattie Cardiovascolari, Fondazione IRCCS Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy (F.L.); Department of Imaging, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, IRCCS, Rome, Italy (G.M.); Istituto di Management, Scuola Superiore Sant'Anna, Pisa, Italy (V.L.); and Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences "Luigi Sacco", University of Milan, Italy (A.L.B.).
authors.forename: Mauro
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Pepi
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D001145:Arrhythmias, Cardiac / Q000209:etiology / Q000517:prevention & control; D002311:Cardiomyopathy, Dilated / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000209:etiology / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000628:therapy*; D016009:Chi-Square Distribution; D003287:Contrast Media / Q000008:administration & dosage; D016757:Death, Sudden, Cardiac / Q000209:etiology / Q000517:prevention & control; D017147:Defibrillators, Implantable; D004452:Echocardiography / Q000379:methods*; D004554:Electric Countershock / Q000295:instrumentation*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D053208:Kaplan-Meier Estimate; D019028:Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Cine; D008297:Male; D008536:Meglumine / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000031:analogs & derivatives; D008875:Middle Aged; D015999:Multivariate Analysis; D017202:Myocardial Ischemia / Q000150:complications* / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000503:physiopathology; D009942:Organometallic Compounds / Q000008:administration & dosage; D011237:Predictive Value of Tests; D011322:Primary Prevention / Q000295:instrumentation* / Q000379:methods; D016016:Proportional Hazards Models; D012017:Referral and Consultation; D012307:Risk Factors; D013318:Stroke Volume; D016277:Ventricular Function, Left
chemical_list: D003287:Contrast Media; D009942:Organometallic Compounds; C064572:gadobenic acid; D008536:Meglumine
keywords: dilated cardiomyopathy; echocardiography; magnetic resonance; primary prevention; prognosis