title: Photobiomodulation by Infrared Diode Laser: Effects on Intracellular Calcium Concentration and Nitric Oxide Production of Paramecium.
abstract: In Paramecium, cilia beating is correlated to intracellular calcium concentration ([Ca2+]i) and nitric oxide (NO) synthesis. Recent findings affirm that photobiomodulation (PBM) can transiently increase the [Ca2+]i in mammalian cells. In this study, we investigated the effect of both 808 and 980 nm diode laser irradiated with flat-top hand-piece on [Ca2+]i and NO production of Paramecium primaurelia, to provide basic information for the development of new therapeutic approaches. In the experiments, the laser power in CW varied (0.1; 0.5; 1; and 1.5 W) to generate the following respective fluences: 6.4; 32; 64; and 96 J cm-2. The 6.4 J cm-2did not induce PBM if irradiated by both 808 and 980 nm diode laser. Conversely, the 32 J cm-2fluence had no effect on Paramecium cells if irradiated by the 808 nm laser, while if irradiated by the 980 nm laser induced increment in swimming speed (suggesting an effect on the [Ca2+]i, NO production, similar to the 64 J cm-2with the 808 nm wavelength). The more evident discordance occurred with the 96 J cm-2fluence, which had the more efficient effect on PBM among the parameters if irradiated with the 808 nm laser and killed the Paramecium cells if irradiated by the 980 nm laser. Lastly, the 980 nm and 64 or 96 J cm-2were the only parameters to induce a release of stored calcium.
authors.affiliation: Department of Earth, Environmental and Life Sciences, University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy.|Department of Surgical Sciences and Integrated Diagnostic, University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy.
authors.forename: Andrea
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Amaroli
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgical Sciences and Integrated Diagnostic, University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy.
authors.forename: Alberico
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Benedicenti
authors.affiliation: Department of Earth, Environmental and Life Sciences, University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy.
authors.forename: Sara
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Ferrando
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgical Sciences and Integrated Diagnostic, University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy.
authors.forename: Steven
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Parker
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgical Sciences and Integrated Diagnostic, University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy.
authors.forename: Wayne
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Selting
authors.affiliation: Department of Earth, Environmental and Life Sciences, University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy.
authors.forename: Lorenzo
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Gallus
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgical Sciences and Integrated Diagnostic, University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy.
authors.forename: Stefano
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Benedicenti
mesh_terms: D002118:Calcium / Q000032:analysis*; D007259:Infrared Rays; D007424:Intracellular Fluid / Q000737:chemistry; D054023:Lasers, Semiconductor; D009569:Nitric Oxide / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism*; D010247:Paramecium / Q000378:metabolism*; D018462:Photobiology
chemical_list: D009569:Nitric Oxide; D002118:Calcium