title: Factors associated with life satisfaction in Parkinson's disease.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To identify factors associated with life satisfaction (LS) in people with Parkinson's disease (PD), including a specific focus on those with late-stage PD.
  
  
  METHODS
  The study included 251 persons with PD (median age 70 years; PD duration 8 years). Analyses involved the total sample and a subsample with late-stage PD, that is Hoehn and Yahr stages IV and V (n=62). LS was assessed with item 1 of the Life Satisfaction Questionnaire (LiSat-11). Simple logistic regression analyses were performed for both the total sample and for the subsample with late-stage PD. For the total sample, a multivariable logistic regression analysis was also performed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In the total sample, 12 of the 20 independent variables were significantly associated with LS: need of help with ADL; walking difficulties; number of non-motor symptoms (NMS); fatigue; depressive symptoms; general self-efficacy; motor symptoms; pain; PD severity; freezing episodes; gender (woman); and fluctuations. When controlling for age and gender in the multivariable logistic regression model, depressive symptoms were negatively associated with high LS and general self-efficacy was positively associated with high LS. In late-stage PD, simple logistic regression analyses (controlling for age and gender) identified the following factors as associated with LS: number of NMS, general self-efficacy, walking difficulties and fatigue.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This study provides new knowledge on factors associated with LS in a PD sample, including those with late-stage PD. As the ultimate goal for PD care should be improvement in LS, the results have direct clinical implication.
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Medicine, Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Neurology, Lund University, Lund, Sweden.
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Rosqvist
authors.affiliation: The PRO-CARE Group, School of Health and Society, Kristianstad University, Kristianstad, Sweden.
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Hagell
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Medicine, Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Neurology, Lund University, Lund, Sweden.|Department of Neurology, Skåne University Hospital, Lund, Sweden.|Department of Neurology, Central Hospital, Bremerhaven, Germany.
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Odin
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Medicine, Department of Health Sciences, Lund University, Lund, Sweden.
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Ekström
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Medicine, Department of Health Sciences, Lund University, Lund, Sweden.
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Iwarsson
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Medicine, Department of Health Sciences, Lund University, Lund, Sweden.|Memory Clinic, Skåne University Hospital, Malmö, Sweden.
authors.forename: M H
authors.initials: MH
authors.lastname: Nilsson
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D010300:Parkinson Disease / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000523:psychology*; D010549:Personal Satisfaction; D011788:Quality of Life; D020377:Self Efficacy; D016138:Walking
keywords: LiSat-11; Parkinson's disease; associated factors; depressive symptoms; general self-efficacy; late-stage; life satisfaction