title: Recent Advances in the Chemistry and Biology of Podophyllotoxins.
abstract: Podophyllotoxin and its related aryltetralin cyclolignans belong to a family of important products that exhibit various biological properties (e.g., cytotoxic, insecticidal, antifungal, antiviral, anti-inflammatory, neurotoxic, immunosuppressive, antirheumatic, antioxidative, antispasmogenic, and hypolipidemic activities). This Review provides a survey of podophyllotoxin and its analogues isolated from plants. In particular, recent developments in the elegant total chemical synthesis, structural modifications, biosynthesis, and biotransformation of podophyllotoxin and its analogues are summarized. Moreover, a deoxypodophyllotoxin-based chemosensor for selective detection of mercury ion is described. In addition to the most active podophyllotoxin derivatives in each series against human cancer cell lines and insect pests listed in the tables, the structure-activity relationships of podophyllotoxin derivatives as cytotoxic and insecticidal agents are also outlined. Future prospects and further developments in this area are covered at the end of the Review. We believe that this Review will provide necessary information for synthetic, medicinal, and pesticidal chemistry researchers who are interested in the chemistry and biology of podophyllotoxins.
authors.affiliation: Research Institute of Pesticidal Design and Synthesis, College of Plant Protection/Sciences, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi Province, P.R. China.
authors.forename: Xiang
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Yu
authors.affiliation: Research Institute of Pesticidal Design and Synthesis, College of Plant Protection/Sciences, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi Province, P.R. China.|College of Forestry, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, 471003, Henan Province, P. R. China.
authors.forename: Zhiping
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Che
authors.affiliation: Research Institute of Pesticidal Design and Synthesis, College of Plant Protection/Sciences, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi Province, P.R. China.
authors.forename: Hui
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Xu
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000893:Anti-Inflammatory Agents / Q000138:chemical synthesis / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000633:toxicity; D000972:Antineoplastic Agents, Phytogenic / Q000138:chemical synthesis / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000633:toxicity; D049109:Cell Proliferation / Q000187:drug effects; D006801:Humans; D007313:Insecta / Q000254:growth & development; D007306:Insecticides / Q000138:chemical synthesis / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000633:toxicity; D007814:Larva / Q000187:drug effects; D011034:Podophyllotoxin / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000138:chemical synthesis / Q000633:toxicity; D011035:Podophyllum / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism; D013329:Structure-Activity Relationship
chemical_list: D000893:Anti-Inflammatory Agents; D000972:Antineoplastic Agents, Phytogenic; D007306:Insecticides; D011034:Podophyllotoxin
keywords: biological property; biosynthesis; podophyllotoxin; structural modification; total chemical synthesis