title: Korean pine nut oil replacement decreases intestinal lipid uptake while improves hepatic lipid metabolism in mice.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Consumption of pine nut oil (PNO) was shown to reduce weight gain and attenuate hepatic steatosis in mice fed a high-fat diet (HFD). The aim of this study was to examine the effects of PNO on both intestinal and hepatic lipid metabolism in mice fed control or HFD.
  
  
  METHODS
  Five-week-old C57BL/6 mice were fed control diets containing 10% energy fat from either Soybean Oil (SBO) or PNO, or HFD containing 15% energy fat from lard and 30% energy fat from SBO or PNO for 12 weeks. Expression of genes related to intestinal fatty acid (FA) uptake and channeling (Cd36,Fatp4,Acsl5,Acbp), intestinal chylomicron synthesis (Mtp,ApoB48,ApoA4), hepatic lipid uptake and channeling (Lrp1,Fatp5,Acsl1,Acbp), hepatic triacylglycerol (TAG) lipolysis and FA oxidation (Atgl,Cpt1a,Acadl,Ehhadh,Acaa1), as well as very low-density lipoprotein (VLDL) assembly (ApoB100) were determined by real-time PCR.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In intestine, significantly lowerCd36mRNA expression (P< 0.05) and a tendency of lowerApoA4mRNA levels (P= 0.07) was observed in PNO-fed mice, indicating that PNO consumption may decrease intestinal FA uptake and chylomicron assembly. PNO consumption tended to result in higher hepatic mRNA levels ofAtgl(P= 0.08) andCpt1a(P= 0.05). Significantly higher hepatic mRNA levels ofAcadlandApoB100were detected in mice fed PNO diet (P< 0.05). These results suggest that PNO could increase hepatic TAG metabolism; mitochondrial fatty acid oxidation and VLDL assembly.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  PNO replacement in the diet might function in prevention of excessive lipid uptake by intestine and improve hepatic lipid metabolism in both control diet and HFD fed mice.
authors.affiliation: Department of Food and Nutrition, College of Human Ecology, Seoul National University, 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul 08826, Korea.
authors.forename: Shuang
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Zhu
authors.affiliation: Department of Food and Nutrition, College of Human Ecology, Seoul National University, 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul 08826, Korea.
authors.forename: Soyoung
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Park
authors.affiliation: Department of Food and Nutrition, College of Human Ecology, Seoul National University, 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul 08826, Korea.
authors.forename: Yeseo
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Lim
authors.affiliation: Department of Food and Nutrition, College of Human Ecology, Seoul National University, 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul 08826, Korea.
authors.forename: Sunhye
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Shin
authors.affiliation: Department of Food and Nutrition, College of Human Ecology, Seoul National University, 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul 08826, Korea.; Research Institute of Human Ecology, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea.
authors.forename: Sung Nim
authors.initials: SN
authors.lastname: Han
keywords: Pine nut oil; high-fat diet; intestine; lipid metabolism; liver