title: Hernia of the swim bladder (aerocystocele) with concurrent mycotic granulomatous inflammation and swim bladder carcinoma in a wild mullet (Mugil cephalus).
abstract: We describe a hernia of the swim bladder, with a concurrent mycotic granulomatous inflammation, and carcinoma of the swim bladder in a wild mullet (Mugil cephalus) referred for an exophytic dorsal mass. Grossly, the mass was white, soft, and composed of multiple cystic gas-containing chambers connected by a funnel-shaped tissue segment to the coelomic swim bladder. Histologically, the mass was characterized by cysts of variable size, multifocally contiguous with the subepithelial rete mirabile, supported by abundant fibrous tissue. The skin covering the herniated swim bladder was focally ulcerated and replaced by abundant granulation tissue in which multiple scattered granulomas centered on pigmented fungal hyphae were observed. These granulomas were also seen in the remaining coelomic portion of the swim bladder as well as in the spleen, perivisceral pancreas, and peritoneal adipose tissue; the fungus was molecularly identified as Cladosporium spp. Focally, arising from the herniated swim bladder epithelium, an unencapsulated poorly demarcated, moderately cellular neoplasm, composed of islands, lobules, and acini of neoplastic epithelium, was found.
authors.affiliation: Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences, University of Bologna, Ozzano Emilia, Bologna, Italy (Sirri, Bianco, Zuccaro, Mandrioli)Genefast Lab, Valsamoggia, Bologna, Italy (Turba) rubina.sirri2@unibo.it.
authors.forename: Rubina
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Sirri
authors.affiliation: Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences, University of Bologna, Ozzano Emilia, Bologna, Italy (Sirri, Bianco, Zuccaro, Mandrioli)Genefast Lab, Valsamoggia, Bologna, Italy (Turba).
authors.forename: Carlo
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Bianco
authors.affiliation: Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences, University of Bologna, Ozzano Emilia, Bologna, Italy (Sirri, Bianco, Zuccaro, Mandrioli)Genefast Lab, Valsamoggia, Bologna, Italy (Turba).
authors.forename: Gaetano
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Zuccaro
authors.affiliation: Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences, University of Bologna, Ozzano Emilia, Bologna, Italy (Sirri, Bianco, Zuccaro, Mandrioli)Genefast Lab, Valsamoggia, Bologna, Italy (Turba).
authors.forename: Maria Elena
authors.initials: ME
authors.lastname: Turba
authors.affiliation: Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences, University of Bologna, Ozzano Emilia, Bologna, Italy (Sirri, Bianco, Zuccaro, Mandrioli)Genefast Lab, Valsamoggia, Bologna, Italy (Turba).
authors.forename: Luciana
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Mandrioli
mesh_terms: D000400:Air Sacs / Q000473:pathology*; D000818:Animals; D002277:Carcinoma / Q000150:complications / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000662:veterinary*; D002963:Cladosporium / Q000302:isolation & purification; D003937:Diagnosis, Differential; D005393:Fish Diseases / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000473:pathology; D006547:Hernia / Q000150:complications / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000662:veterinary; D008297:Male; D009181:Mycoses / Q000150:complications / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000662:veterinary*; D012142:Respiratory Tract Neoplasms / Q000150:complications / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000662:veterinary*; D023701:Smegmamorpha
keywords: Epithelial neoplasm; fish; fungi; granuloma; hernia; swim bladder