title: Mycotoxin analysis of industrial beers from Brazil: The influence of fumonisin B1and deoxynivalenol in beer quality.
abstract: Worldwide, barley is the main source of carbohydrate in the brewing process. However, corn is often used as an adjunct to improve and accelerate the fermentation process. Considering that, these two substrates are susceptible to fungal contamination as well as mycotoxins. The objective of the current study is to determine the incidence of the mycotoxins deoxynivalenol (DON) and fumonisin B1(FB1) in industrial beers. The method applied for mycotoxin analyses included high performance liquid chromatography.The mean levels for recovery experiments were 89.6% for DON and 93.3% for FB1. DON was not detected in any of the analyzed samples whereas FB1was found in 49% of the 114 samples. The current survey demonstrated levels of FB1contamination in industrial beer, possibly due to the addition of contaminated adjuncts. It is necessary to establish maximum levels of mycotoxins in beer in Brazil and other countries in order to reduce health risks.
authors.affiliation: Biotecnology Department, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Av. Professor Lineu Prestes 2415, Brazil.
authors.forename: Karim C
authors.initials: KC
authors.lastname: Piacentini
authors.affiliation: Microbiology Department, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Av. Professor Lineu Prestes 1374, Brazil.
authors.forename: Liliana O
authors.initials: LO
authors.lastname: Rocha
authors.affiliation: Microbiology Department, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Av. Professor Lineu Prestes 1374, Brazil.
authors.forename: Lívia C
authors.initials: LC
authors.lastname: Fontes
authors.affiliation: Microbiology Department, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Av. Professor Lineu Prestes 1374, Brazil.
authors.forename: Lorena
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Carnielli
authors.affiliation: Microbiology Department, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Av. Professor Lineu Prestes 1374, Brazil.
authors.forename: Tatiana A
authors.initials: TA
authors.lastname: Reis
authors.affiliation: Biotecnology Department, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Av. Professor Lineu Prestes 2415, Brazil; Microbiology Department, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Av. Professor Lineu Prestes 1374, Brazil.
authors.forename: Benedito
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Corrêa
mesh_terms: D001515:Beer / Q000032:analysis / Q000382:microbiology*; D001938:Brazil; D002851:Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; D005504:Food Analysis; D005506:Food Contamination / Q000032:analysis; D005516:Food Microbiology; D063427:Food Quality; D037341:Fumonisins / Q000032:analysis*; D001467:Hordeum / Q000382:microbiology; D014255:Trichothecenes / Q000032:analysis*
chemical_list: D037341:Fumonisins; D014255:Trichothecenes; C056933:fumonisin B1; C007262:deoxynivalenol
keywords: Adjuncts; Beer; Maize; Mycotoxins; Quality