title: Anxiolytic, antidepressant, and antistress activities of the aqueous extract ofCinnamomum tamalaNees and Eberm in rats.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The current study was designed to explore anxiolytic, antidepressant, and antistress actions ofCinnamomum tamala(CT) leaves (aqueous extract) in rats.
  
  
  METHODS
  Behavioral procedures of anxiety, depression, and stress were assessed in rats. CT (100, 200, and 400 mg/kg) was given once a daily for 7 days via oral route and the efficacy was matched by those elicited by lorazepam (1 mg/kg, p.o.), imipramine (10 mg/kg, p.o.), andWithania somnifera(100 mg/kg, p.o.) for anxiolytic, antidepressant, and antistress studies, respectively. Standard drugs were given 1 time, 30 min preceding the behavioral trials.
  
  
  RESULTS
  One-way analysis of variance followed by Newman-Keuls multiple comparison test was employed to analyze the results.P< 0.05 was considered statistically significant as compared to control. CT at 400 mg/kg produced an antianxiety effect equivalent to lorazepam, in the elevated plus maze, open field, and social interaction tests among selected doses of the CT. CT at 400 mg/kg also induced an antidepressant activity similar to imipramine, in the behavioral despair, learned helplessness test, and tail suspension among selected doses of the CT. Moreover, CT at 400 mg/kg produced a significant antistress effect comparable toW. somniferain water immersion-restraint stress by decreasing ulcer index, adrenal gland weight, and by normalizing the plasma levels of corticosterone, glucose, cholesterol, and triglyceride levels when related to stress control.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The study shows that among the different CT doses, CT at 400 mg/kg possesses significant anxiolytic, antidepressant, and anti-stress effects and has therapeutic beneficial for the management of psychological ailments.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmaceutics, Indian Institute of Technology, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh, India.
authors.forename: Gayaprasad
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Upadhyay
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmaceutics, Indian Institute of Technology, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh, India.
authors.forename: Sarvesh
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Khoshla
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmaceutics, Indian Institute of Technology, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh, India.
authors.forename: Ramoji
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Kosuru
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmaceutics, Indian Institute of Technology, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh, India.
authors.forename: Sanjay
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Singh
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D014151:Anti-Anxiety Agents / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D000928:Antidepressive Agents / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D001007:Anxiety / Q000097:blood / Q000188:drug therapy*; D001522:Behavior, Animal / Q000187:drug effects; D001786:Blood Glucose / Q000032:analysis; D002784:Cholesterol / Q000097:blood; D027424:Cinnamomum; D003345:Corticosterone / Q000097:blood; D003863:Depression / Q000097:blood / Q000188:drug therapy*; D005106:Exploratory Behavior / Q000187:drug effects; D005260:Female; D019417:Hindlimb Suspension; D007099:Imipramine / Q000627:therapeutic use; D007398:Interpersonal Relations; D008140:Lorazepam / Q000627:therapeutic use; D008297:Male; D018782:Maze Learning / Q000187:drug effects; D008517:Phytotherapy; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D018515:Plant Leaves; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D012149:Restraint, Physical; D013315:Stress, Psychological / Q000097:blood / Q000188:drug therapy*; D014280:Triglycerides / Q000097:blood; D032341:Withania
chemical_list: D014151:Anti-Anxiety Agents; D000928:Antidepressive Agents; D001786:Blood Glucose; D010936:Plant Extracts; D014280:Triglycerides; D002784:Cholesterol; D008140:Lorazepam; D007099:Imipramine; D003345:Corticosterone
keywords: Antidepressant; Cinnamomum tamala; Withania somnifera; antistress; anxiolytic; ulcer index