title: Toxicity assessment of sodium fluoride in Drosophila melanogaster after chronic sub-lethal exposure.
abstract: Sodium fluoride (NaF), one of the most frequently used fluoride compound is composed of Na+and F-. Apart from its use in water fluoridation, NaF also acts as a major component for different dental products like toothpastes, gels and mouth rinses etc. The present study was carried out to explore the toxic impact of chronic NaF exposure on a non-target organism, Drosophila melanogaster. The larvae exposed to different concentrations of NaF through food showed a significant increase in HSP70 expression both qualitatively and quantitatively. The altered tail length and tail intensity in Comet assay validate the increased DNA damage in treated larvae. The activity of AChE, oxidative stress marker enzymes, phase I and phase II detoxifying enzymes were found to be significantly inhibited in the treated larvae when compared to control though there was no evidence of dose dependent change in each case. The alterations in the mentioned parameters can be due to increased body Fluoride ion (F-) concentration since the analysis with ion electrode analyzer revealed that F-concentration increased significantly with NaF treatment. Hence, the results suggest that D. melanogaster manifest prominent toxic response when subjected to chronic exposure to sub-lethal NaF concentrations.
authors.affiliation: Cytogenetics Laboratory, Department of Zoology, The University of Burdwan, West Bengal, India.
authors.forename: Moumita
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Dutta
authors.affiliation: Post Graduate Department of Zoology, ABN Seal College, Cooch Behar, West Bengal, India.
authors.forename: Prem
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Rajak
authors.affiliation: Cytogenetics Laboratory, Department of Zoology, The University of Burdwan, West Bengal, India.
authors.forename: Salma
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Khatun
authors.affiliation: Cytogenetics Laboratory, Department of Zoology, The University of Burdwan, West Bengal, India. Electronic address: roysumedha@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Sumedha
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Roy
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D020552:Comet Assay; D003577:Cytochrome P-450 Enzyme System / Q000378:metabolism; D004249:DNA Damage; D004331:Drosophila melanogaster / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000235:genetics; D005459:Fluorides / Q000633:toxicity; D018840:HSP70 Heat-Shock Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D007814:Larva / Q000187:drug effects; D018384:Oxidative Stress; D010710:Phosphates / Q000633:toxicity; D012969:Sodium Fluoride / Q000633:toxicity*; D001616:beta-Galactosidase / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D018840:HSP70 Heat-Shock Proteins; D010710:Phosphates; C012980:fluorophosphate; D012969:Sodium Fluoride; D003577:Cytochrome P-450 Enzyme System; D001616:beta-Galactosidase; D005459:Fluorides
keywords: Comet assay; Detoxifying enzymes; Drosophila melanogaster; Fluoride; Hsp 70; Sodium fluoride