title: Evaluation of microshear bond strength and nanoleakage of etch-and-rinse and self-etch adhesives to dentin pretreated with silver diamine fluoride/potassium iodide: Anin vitrostudy.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The aim of this in vitro study was to comparatively evaluate the microshear bond strength (MSBS) of etch-and-rinse and self-etch (ER and SE) bonding systems to dentin pretreated with silver diamine fluoride/potassium iodide (SDF/KI) and nanoleakage at the resin-dentin interface using transmission electron microscope (TEM).
  
  
  METHODS
  Seventy-two dentin slabs of 3 mm thickness were prepared from extracted human permanent third molars and divided into four groups (n = 18) based on the dentin surface treatment as follows: (1) ER adhesive bonding without dentin pretreatment; (2) SDF/KI pretreatment of dentin followed by ER adhesive bonding; (3) SE adhesive bonding without dentin pretreatment; and (4) SDF/KI pretreatment of dentin followed by SE adhesive bonding. Resin composite was built on the dentin slabs to a height of 4 mm incrementally, and dentin-composite beams of approximately 1 mm 2 cross-sectional area were prepared. The beams were subjected to MSBS analysis, and the fractured surface was observed under scanning electron microscope to determine the mode of failure. The resin-dentin interface was examined under TEM for evaluation of nanoleakage.
  
  
  METHODS
  One-way ANOVA followed by Tukey's post hoc multiple comparison tests.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Pretreatment of dentin with SDF/KI increased the MSBS of ER and SE adhesives, though not statistically significant, except between Groups 2 and 3. In all the groups, the predominant mode of failure was adhesive followed by cohesive in resin, mixed and cohesive in dentin. TEM examination of resin-dentin interface showed that pretreatment with 38% SDF/KI reduced nanoleakage regardless of the type of bonding system used.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Pretreatment of dentin with SDF/KI minimized nanoleakage at the resin-dentin interface without adversely affecting the bond strength of resin composite to dentin.
authors.affiliation: Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, SRM Dental College, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India.
authors.forename: Karthik
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Selvaraj
authors.affiliation: Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, SRM Dental College, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India.
authors.forename: Vidhya
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Sampath
authors.affiliation: Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, SRM Dental College, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India.
authors.forename: V
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Sujatha
authors.affiliation: Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, SRM Dental College, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India.
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Mahalaxmi
mesh_terms: D000134:Acid Etching, Dental; D001840:Dental Bonding / Q000379:methods*; D045662:Dental Etching; D003763:Dental Leakage / Q000517:prevention & control*; D003764:Dental Materials / Q000737:chemistry; D003799:Dental Stress Analysis; D003804:Dentin / Q000648:ultrastructure*; D017220:Dentin-Bonding Agents / Q000737:chemistry*; D005460:Fluorides, Topical; D006801:Humans; D066298:In Vitro Techniques; D008422:Materials Testing; D008854:Microscopy, Electron; D011193:Potassium Iodide / Q000737:chemistry*; D000644:Quaternary Ammonium Compounds / Q000737:chemistry*; D033081:Shear Strength; D018030:Silver Compounds; D013499:Surface Properties
chemical_list: D003764:Dental Materials; D017220:Dentin-Bonding Agents; D005460:Fluorides, Topical; D000644:Quaternary Ammonium Compounds; D018030:Silver Compounds; D011193:Potassium Iodide; C024633:silver diamine fluoride