title: Ethylene responsive transcription factor ERF109 retards PCD and improves salt tolerance in plant.
abstract: The ultimate goal of this work was to detect the role of transcription factors (TFs) concordantly expressed with genes related to programmed cell death (PCD) during PCD and salt stress. This work was based on the hypothesis that TFs and their driven genes likely co-express under different stimuli. The conserved superfamily ethylene responsive factor (AP2/ERF) draw attention of the present study as it participates in the response to biotic and abiotic stimuli as well as to program cell death (PCD).
  
  
  
  RNA-Seq analysis was done for tobacco (N. benthamiana) leaves exposed to oxalic acid (OA) at 20 mM for 0, 2, 6, 12 and 24 h to induce PCD. Genes up-regulated after 2 h of OA treatment with known function during PCD were utilized as landmarks to select TFs with concordant expression. Knockdown mutants of these TFs were generated in tobacco via virus induced gene silencing (VIGS) in order to detect their roles during PCD. Based on the results of PCD assay, knockout (KO) T-DNA insertion mutants of Arabidopsis as well as over-expression lines of two selected TFs, namely ERF109 and TFIID5, analogs to those in tobacco, were tested under salt stress (0, 100, 150 and 200 mM NaCl).
  
  
  
  Results of knockdown mutant tobacco cells confirmed the influence of these two TFs during PCD. Knockout insertion mutants and over-expression lines indicated the role of ERF109 in conferring salt tolerance in Arabidopsis.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University (KAU), P.O. Box 80141, Jeddah, 21589, Saudi Arabia. Bahieldin55@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Ahmed
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Bahieldin
authors.affiliation: Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University (KAU), P.O. Box 80141, Jeddah, 21589, Saudi Arabia.
authors.forename: Ahmed
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Atef
authors.affiliation: Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University (KAU), P.O. Box 80141, Jeddah, 21589, Saudi Arabia.|Princess Al-Jawhara Al-Brahim Centre of Excellence in Research of Hereditary Disorders (PACER-HD), Faculty of Medicine, King Abdulaziz University (KAU), Jeddah, Saudi Arabia.
authors.forename: Sherif
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Edris
authors.affiliation: Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University (KAU), P.O. Box 80141, Jeddah, 21589, Saudi Arabia.
authors.forename: Nour O
authors.initials: NO
authors.lastname: Gadalla
authors.affiliation: Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University (KAU), P.O. Box 80141, Jeddah, 21589, Saudi Arabia.
authors.forename: Hani M
authors.initials: HM
authors.lastname: Ali
authors.affiliation: Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University (KAU), P.O. Box 80141, Jeddah, 21589, Saudi Arabia.
authors.forename: Sabah M
authors.initials: SM
authors.lastname: Hassan
authors.affiliation: Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University (KAU), P.O. Box 80141, Jeddah, 21589, Saudi Arabia.
authors.forename: Magdy A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Al-Kordy
authors.affiliation: Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University (KAU), P.O. Box 80141, Jeddah, 21589, Saudi Arabia.
authors.forename: Ahmed M
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Ramadan
authors.affiliation: Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University (KAU), P.O. Box 80141, Jeddah, 21589, Saudi Arabia.
authors.forename: Rania M
authors.initials: RM
authors.lastname: Makki
authors.affiliation: Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University (KAU), P.O. Box 80141, Jeddah, 21589, Saudi Arabia.
authors.forename: Abdulrahman S M
authors.initials: AS
authors.lastname: Al-Hajar
authors.affiliation: Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University (KAU), P.O. Box 80141, Jeddah, 21589, Saudi Arabia.
authors.forename: Fotouh M
authors.initials: FM
authors.lastname: El-Domyati
mesh_terms: D017209:Apoptosis; D017360:Arabidopsis / Q000166:cytology / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D029681:Arabidopsis Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D005030:Ethylenes / Q000378:metabolism*; D018506:Gene Expression Regulation, Plant; D019815:Oxalic Acid / Q000378:metabolism; D010940:Plant Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D012097:Repressor Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D055049:Salt Tolerance; D012965:Sodium Chloride / Q000378:metabolism*; D014026:Nicotiana / Q000166:cytology / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D014157:Transcription Factors / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D029681:Arabidopsis Proteins; C581417:ERF11 protein, Arabidopsis; D005030:Ethylenes; D010940:Plant Proteins; D012097:Repressor Proteins; D014157:Transcription Factors; D012965:Sodium Chloride; C036216:ethylene; D019815:Oxalic Acid
keywords: Knockdown; Knockout; Over-expression; T-DNA; VIGS; sqRT-PCR