title: Lower incisor inclination regarding different reference planes.
abstract: The purpose of this study was to assess the degree of lower incisor inclination with respect to different reference planes. It was an observational, analytical, longitudinal, prospective study conducted on 100 lateral cephalograms which were corrected according to the photograph in natural head position in order to draw the true vertical plane (TVP). The incisor mandibular plane angle (IMPA) was compensated to eliminate the variation of the mandibular plane growth type with the formula "FMApx.- 25 (FMA) + IMPApx. = compensated IMPA (IMPACOM)". As the data followed normal distribution determined by the KolmogorovSmirnov test, parametric tests were used for the statistical analysis, Ttest, ANOVA and Pearson coefficient correlation test. Statistical analysis was performed using a statistical significance of p <0.05. There is correlation between TVP and NB line (NB) (0.8614), Frankfort mandibular incisor angle (FMIA) (0.8894), IMPA (0.6351), Apo line (Apo) (0.609), IMPACOM (0.8895) and McHorris angle (MH) (0.7769). ANOVA showed statistically significant differences between the means for the 7 variables with 95% confidence level, P=0.0001. The multiple range test showed no significant difference among means: APoNB (0.88), IMPAMH (0.36), IMPANB (0.65), FMIAIMPACOM (0.01), FMIATVP (0.18), TVPIMPACOM (0.17). There was correlation among all reference planes. There were statistically significant differences among the means of the planes measured, except for IMPACOM, FMIA and TVP. The IMPA differed significantly from the IMPACOM. The compensated IMPA and the FMIA did not differ significantly from the TVP. The true horizontal plane was mismatched with Frankfort plane in 84% of the sample with a range of 19°. The true vertical plane is adequate for measuring lower incisor inclination.
authors.affiliation: Department of Orthodontics, School of Dentistry, Meritorious Autonomous University of Puebla, Mexico.
authors.forename: Brenda
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Zataráin
authors.affiliation: Department of Orthodontics, School of Dentistry, Meritorious Autonomous University of Puebla, Mexico.
authors.forename: Josué
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Avila
authors.affiliation: Department of Orthodontics, School of Dentistry, Meritorious Autonomous University of Puebla, Mexico. moyaho3@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Angeles
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Moyaho
authors.affiliation: Department of Orthodontics, School of Dentistry, Meritorious Autonomous University of Puebla, Mexico.
authors.forename: Rosendo
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Carrasco
authors.affiliation: Department of Orthodontics, School of Dentistry, Meritorious Autonomous University of Puebla, Mexico.
authors.forename: Carmen
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Velasco
mesh_terms: D006801:Humans; D007180:Incisor / Q000033:anatomy & histology*; D008137:Longitudinal Studies; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012016:Reference Values
keywords: Incisor; Orthodontics; reference standards