title: Randomized Intervention Trial to Decrease Bisphenol A Urine Concentrations in Women: Pilot Study.
abstract: Previous studies have shown that women have higher concentrations of the endocrine disruptor bisphenol A (BPA), but an intervention to reduce BPA is lacking in women. To test the hypothesis that an intervention to reduce BPA would decrease urinary BPA concentrations over 3 weeks, 24 women (mean ± standard deviation [SD]; 22.1 ± 2.8 kg/m2body mass index, 20.9 ± 1.5 years) were randomly assigned to an intervention or control.
  
  
  
  The intervention included weekly face-to-face meetings to reduce BPA exposures from food, cosmetics, and other packaged products. Women were provided with BPA-free cosmetics, hygiene, glass food/water containers, and daily self-monitored major sources of BPA. Fasting urine BPA and creatinine concentrations, and weight were assessed at study entry and after 3 weeks.
  
  
  
  A significant (p = 0.04) treatment × time interaction effect was observed on creatinine-adjusted BPA concentrations. From study entry to 3 weeks, women in the intervention significantly decreased geometric mean creatinine-adjusted urinary BPA by -0.71 ng/m, whereas women in the control significantly increased urinary BPA by 0.32 ng/mL (p = 0.04). Additionally, from study entry to 3 weeks, women in the intervention significantly lost weight -0.28 ± 0.44 kg, whereas women in the control significantly gained weight +1.65 ± 0.74 kg (p = 0.03). Changes in creatinine-adjusted BPA concentrations and weight were not significantly related (p = 0.67).
  
  
  
  In this pilot study, a 3-week intervention decreased urinary BPA concentrations in women. Future clinical trials are needed to confirm these results and to examine whether a similar BPA intervention positively impacts risk markers in the pathogenesis of cardiovascular disease and diabetes.
authors.affiliation: 1 Department of Kinesiology, California Polytechnic State University , San Luis Obispo, California.
authors.forename: Todd
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Hagobian
authors.affiliation: 1 Department of Kinesiology, California Polytechnic State University , San Luis Obispo, California.
authors.forename: Allison
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Smouse
authors.affiliation: 1 Department of Kinesiology, California Polytechnic State University , San Luis Obispo, California.
authors.forename: Mikaela
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Streeter
authors.affiliation: 1 Department of Kinesiology, California Polytechnic State University , San Luis Obispo, California.
authors.forename: Chloe
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Wurst
authors.affiliation: 2 Department of Statistics, California Polytechnic State University , San Luis Obispo, California.
authors.forename: Andrew
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Schaffner
authors.affiliation: 1 Department of Kinesiology, California Polytechnic State University , San Luis Obispo, California.
authors.forename: Suzanne
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Phelan
mesh_terms: D001559:Benzhydryl Compounds / Q000652:urine*; D001835:Body Weight; D002140:California; D003376:Counseling; D003404:Creatinine / Q000652:urine*; D004032:Diet; D052244:Endocrine Disruptors / Q000652:urine*; D005260:Female; D006266:Health Education / Q000379:methods*; D064368:Healthy Volunteers; D006801:Humans; D010636:Phenols / Q000652:urine*; D010865:Pilot Projects; D055815:Young Adult; D000098826:Bisphenol A Compounds
chemical_list: D001559:Benzhydryl Compounds; D003404:Creatinine; D052244:Endocrine Disruptors; D010636:Phenols; C006780:bisphenol A; D000098826:Bisphenol A Compounds
keywords: BPA; diet; endocrine disruptors; intervention; weight