title: Marrow adipose tissue spectrum in obesity and type 2 diabetes mellitus.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To assess the association of bone mass and marrow adipose tissue (MAT) with other fat depots, insulin resistance, bone remodeling markers, adipokines and glucose control in type 2 diabetes and obesity.
  
  
  METHODS
  The study groups comprised 24 controls (C), 26 obese (O) and 28 type 2 diabetes. Dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry was used to determine bone mineral density (BMD). Blood samples were collected for biochemical measurements.1H Magnetic resonance spectroscopy was used to assess MAT in the L3 vertebra, and abdominal magnetic resonance imaging was used to assess intrahepatic lipids in visceral (VAT) and subcutaneous adipose tissue. Regression analysis models were used to test the association between parameters.
  
  
  RESULTS
  At all sites tested, BMD was higher in type 2 diabetes than in O and C subjects. The C group showed lower VAT values than the type 2 diabetes group and lower IHL than the O and type 2 diabetes groups. However, MAT was similar in the 3 groups. Osteocalcin and C-terminal telopeptide of type 1 collagen were lower in type 2 diabetes than those in C and O subjects. Moreover, at all sites, BMD was negatively associated with osteocalcin. No association was observed between MAT and VAT. No relationship was observed among MAT and HOMA-IR, leptin, adiponectin or Pref-1, but MAT was positively associated with glycated hemoglobin.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  MAT is not a niche for fat accumulation under conditions of energy surplus and type 2 diabetes, also is not associated with VAT or insulin resistance. MAT is associated with glycated hemoglobin.
authors.affiliation: Department of Internal MedicineRibeirao Preto Medical School.
authors.forename: Iana M
authors.initials: IM
authors.lastname: de Araújo
authors.affiliation: Department of PhysicsFaculty of Philosophy, Sciences and Arts of Ribeirao Preto.
authors.forename: Carlos E G
authors.initials: CE
authors.lastname: Salmon
authors.affiliation: Department of EpidemiologySchool of Public Health, USP, Ribeirão Preto, Sao Paulo,, Brazil.
authors.forename: Andressa K
authors.initials: AK
authors.lastname: Nahas
authors.affiliation: Department of Internal MedicineRibeirao Preto Medical School.
authors.forename: Marcello H
authors.initials: MH
authors.lastname: Nogueira-Barbosa
authors.affiliation: Department of Internal MedicineRibeirao Preto Medical School.
authors.forename: Jorge
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Elias
authors.affiliation: Department of Internal MedicineRibeirao Preto Medical School fjpaula@fmrp.usp.br.
authors.forename: Francisco J A
authors.initials: FJ
authors.lastname: de Paula
mesh_terms: D015502:Absorptiometry, Photon; D000273:Adipose Tissue / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology*; D015519:Bone Density / Q000502:physiology; D003924:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology*; D006801:Humans; D007333:Insulin Resistance / Q000502:physiology; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging; D009765:Obesity / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology*; D050151:Subcutaneous Fat / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology