title: Clinical Evaluation of Functional Vision of +1.5 Diopters near Addition, Aspheric, Rotational Asymmetric Multifocal Intraocular Lens.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate postoperative outcomes and visual performance in intermediate distance after implantation of a +1.5 diopters (D) addition, aspheric, rotational asymmetric multifocal intraocular lens (MIOL).
  
  
  METHODS
  Patients underwent bilateral cataract surgery with implantation of an aspheric, asymmetric MIOL with +1.5 D near addition. A complete ophthalmological examination was performed preoperatively and 3 months postoperatively. The main outcome measures were monocular and binocular uncorrected distance visual acuity (UDVA), corrected distance visual acuity (CDVA), uncorrected intermediate visual acuity (UIVA), distance corrected intermediate visual acuity (DCIVA), uncorrected near visual acuity (UNVA) and distance corrected keratometry, and manifest refraction. The Salzburg Reading Desk was used to analyze unilateral and bilateral functional vision with uncorrected and corrected reading acuity, reading distance, reading speed, and the smallest log-scaled print size that could be read effectively at near and intermediate distances.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The study comprised 60 eyes of 30 patients (mean age, 68.30 ± 9.26 years; range, 34 to 80 years). There was significant improvement in UDVA and CDVA. Mean UIVA was 0.01 ± 0.09 logarithm of the minimum angle of resolution (logMAR) and mean DCIVA was -0.02 ± 0.11 logMAR. In Salzburg Reading Desk analysis for UIVA, the mean subjective intermediate distance was 67.58 ± 8.59 cm with mean UIVA of -0.02 ± 0.09 logMAR and mean word count of 96.38 ± 28.32 words/min.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The new aspheric, asymmetric, +1.5 D near addition MIOL offers good results for distance visual function in combination with good performance for intermediate distances and functional results for near distance.
authors.affiliation: International Vision Correction and Research Centre & David J Apple International Laboratory on Ocular Pathology, Department of Ophthalmology, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany.; International Vision Correction Research Centre Network, Heidelberg, Germany.; Eye-Clinic Ahaus-Raesfeld-Rheine, Gerl Group, Ahaus, Germany.
authors.forename: Florian Tobias Alwin
authors.initials: FT
authors.lastname: Kretz
authors.affiliation: International Vision Correction and Research Centre & David J Apple International Laboratory on Ocular Pathology, Department of Ophthalmology, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany.
authors.forename: Rahmin
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Khoramnia
authors.affiliation: International Vision Correction and Research Centre & David J Apple International Laboratory on Ocular Pathology, Department of Ophthalmology, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany.
authors.forename: Mary Safwat
authors.initials: MS
authors.lastname: Attia
authors.affiliation: International Vision Correction and Research Centre & David J Apple International Laboratory on Ocular Pathology, Department of Ophthalmology, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany.; International Vision Correction Research Centre Network, Heidelberg, Germany.
authors.forename: Michael Janusz
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Koss
authors.affiliation: International Vision Correction and Research Centre & David J Apple International Laboratory on Ocular Pathology, Department of Ophthalmology, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany.
authors.forename: Katharina
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Linz
authors.affiliation: International Vision Correction and Research Centre & David J Apple International Laboratory on Ocular Pathology, Department of Ophthalmology, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany.; International Vision Correction Research Centre Network, Heidelberg, Germany.
authors.forename: Gerd Uwe
authors.initials: GU
authors.lastname: Auffarth
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D001036:Aphakia, Postcataract / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000628:therapy*; D002387:Cataract Extraction; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D054120:Phakic Intraocular Lenses; D011446:Prospective Studies; D011474:Prosthesis Design; D012029:Refraction, Ocular / Q000502:physiology*; D014792:Visual Acuity / Q000502:physiology*
keywords: Cataract; Low-add; Multifocal intraocular lens; Presbyopia