title: Evaluations of the Carcinogenicity of Carbon Nanotubes, Fluoro-Edinite, and Silicon Carbide by the International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC).
abstract: We reported the evaluations of the carcinogenicity of fluoro-edinite, silicon carbide, and carbon nanotubes performed by IARC working group in October 2014. For carbon nanotubes (CNTs), multi-walled carbon nanotube (MWCNT)-7 was classified as Group 2B, and MWCNTs without MWCNT-7 and single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) were classified as not classifiable in terms of their carcinogenicity to humans. There is sufficient evidence of carcinogenicity for MWCNT-7 in experimental animals, limited evidence for other MWCNTs, and inadequate evidence for SWCNTs. The mechanic evidence for CNTs was not strong. Fluoro-edinite was classified as carcinogenic to humans (Group 1) on the basis of sufficient evidence of carcinogenicity to humans and experimental animals. Silicon carbide was classified into silicon carbide fibers and whiskers. Silicon carbide fibers were evaluated as possibly carcinogenic to humans (Group 2B) on the basis of limited evidence of carcinogenicity to humans. Silicon carbide whiskers were evaluated as probably carcinogenic to humans (Group 2A) on the basis of sufficient evidence of carcinogenicity to experimental animals and the similarity of their physicochemical properties to those of asbestos in terms of the mechanism of carcinogenicity. We report the process of progression in meeting and discuss how to determine the evidence and the evaluation of the carcinogenicity of the three materials.
authors.affiliation: Department of Occupational Pneumology, Institute of Industrial Ecological Sciences, University of Occupational and Environmental Health, Japan.
authors.forename: Yasuo
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Morimoto
authors.forename: Norihiro
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Kobayashi
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D017636:Asbestos, Amphibole / Q000378:metabolism / Q000633:toxicity*; D017554:Carbon Compounds, Inorganic / Q000378:metabolism / Q000633:toxicity*; D002274:Carcinogens, Environmental / Q000378:metabolism / Q000633:toxicity*; D004781:Environmental Exposure / Q000009:adverse effects*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007390:International Agencies; D008297:Male; D037742:Nanotubes, Carbon / Q000633:toxicity*; D009369:Neoplasms / Q000139:chemically induced*; D016273:Occupational Exposure / Q000009:adverse effects*; D051381:Rats; D012106:Research / Q000458:organization & administration*; D012137:Respiratory System / Q000378:metabolism; D017655:Silicon Compounds / Q000378:metabolism / Q000633:toxicity*
chemical_list: D017636:Asbestos, Amphibole; D017554:Carbon Compounds, Inorganic; D002274:Carcinogens, Environmental; D037742:Nanotubes, Carbon; D017655:Silicon Compounds; C492470:fluor-edenite; C022088:silicon carbide