title: Controls of Nuclear Factor-Kappa B Signaling Activity by 5'-AMP-Activated Protein Kinase Activation With Examples in Human Bladder Cancer Cells.
abstract: Generally, both lipopolysaccharide (LPS)- and hypoxia-induced nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) effects are alleviated through differential posttranslational modification of NF-κB phosphorylation after pretreatment with 5´-AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) activators such as 5´-aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide ribonucleotide (AICAR) or the hypoglycemic agent metformin. We found that AICAR or metformin acts as a regulator of LPS/NF-κB-or hypoxia/NF-κB-mediated cyclooxygenase induction by an AMPK-dependent mechanism with interactions between p65-NF-κB phosphorylation and acetylation, including in a human bladder cancer cell line (T24). In summary, we highlighted the regulatory interactions of AMPK activity on NF-κB induction, particularly in posttranslational phosphorylation and acetylation of NF-κB under inflammatory conditions or hypoxia environment.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacology, Hypoxia-Related Disease Research Center, Inha Research Institute for Medical Sciences, Inha University College of Medicine, Incheon, Korea.
authors.forename: Bo-Hwa
authors.identifier: 0000-0002-7907-8059
authors.initials: BH
authors.lastname: Choi
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacology, Hypoxia-Related Disease Research Center, Inha Research Institute for Medical Sciences, Inha University College of Medicine, Incheon, Korea.
authors.forename: Da-Hyun
authors.identifier: 0000-0001-7780-446X
authors.initials: DH
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.affiliation: Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Inha University College of Medicine, Incheon, Korea.
authors.forename: Jin
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacology, Hypoxia-Related Disease Research Center, Inha Research Institute for Medical Sciences, Inha University College of Medicine, Incheon, Korea.
authors.forename: Ju-Hee
authors.identifier: 0000-0001-5235-8993
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Kang
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacology, Hypoxia-Related Disease Research Center, Inha Research Institute for Medical Sciences, Inha University College of Medicine, Incheon, Korea.
authors.forename: Chang-Shin
authors.identifier: 0000-0001-6519-2857
authors.initials: CS
authors.lastname: Park
keywords: AMP-Activated Protein Kinases; Hypoxia; Lipopolysaccharides; NF-kappa B