title: Staining and Transfer Techniques for SDS-PAGE Gels to Minimize Oil-in-Water Emulsion Adjuvant Interference.
abstract: Adjuvants in modern vaccines boost and shape immune responses and allow for antigen dose-sparing. Analysis of protein antigens in the presence of adjuvants can prove challenging, especially if the adjuvant interferes with visualization of the protein band on an SDS-PAGE gel. In this chapter, a variety of different techniques are presented to mitigate the interference of a nanoemulsion adjuvant, GLA-SE, with different recombinant proteins of varying molecular weight by addressing sample preparation and staining methods.
authors.affiliation: IDRI, 1616 Eastlake Avenue East, Suite 400, Seattle, WA, 98102, USA.
authors.forename: Alicia M
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Schwartz
authors.affiliation: IDRI, 1616 Eastlake Avenue East, Suite 400, Seattle, WA, 98102, USA.
authors.forename: Michelle Y
authors.initials: MY
authors.lastname: Chan
authors.affiliation: IDRI, 1616 Eastlake Avenue East, Suite 400, Seattle, WA, 98102, USA.
authors.forename: Dawn M
authors.initials: DM
authors.lastname: Fedor
authors.affiliation: IDRI, 1616 Eastlake Avenue East, Suite 400, Seattle, WA, 98102, USA.
authors.forename: Sandra J
authors.initials: SJ
authors.lastname: Sivananthan
authors.affiliation: IDRI, 1616 Eastlake Avenue East, Suite 400, Seattle, WA, 98102, USA. Ryan.Kramer@idri.org.
authors.forename: Ryan M
authors.initials: RM
authors.lastname: Kramer
mesh_terms: D000276:Adjuvants, Immunologic / Q000737:chemistry*; D004591:Electrophoresis, Polyacrylamide Gel / Q000379:methods*; D004655:Emulsions; D011994:Recombinant Proteins / Q000737:chemistry; D013194:Staining and Labeling / Q000379:methods*; D014612:Vaccines / Q000737:chemistry*
chemical_list: D000276:Adjuvants, Immunologic; D004655:Emulsions; D011994:Recombinant Proteins; D014612:Vaccines
keywords: Adjuvant; Antigen; Coomassie stain; Gold stain; PVDF membrane; SDS-PAGE; Silver stain