title: Quantum coherence spectroscopy to measure dietary fat retention in the liver.
abstract: The prevalence of fatty liver reaches alarming proportions. Fatty liver increases the risk for insulin resistance, cardiovascular disease, and nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH). Although extensively studied in a preclinical setting, the lack of noninvasive methodologies hampers our understanding of which pathways promote hepatic fat accumulation in humans. Dietary fat retention is one of the pathways that may lead to fatty liver. The low (1.1%) natural abundance (NA) of carbon-13 (13C) allows use of13C-enriched lipids for in vivo MR studies. Successful implementation of such methodology, however, is challenging due to low sensitivity of13C-magnetic resonance spectroscopy (13C-MRS). Here, we investigated the use of 1-dimensional gradient enhanced heteronuclear single quantum coherence (ge-HSQC) spectroscopy for the in vivo detection of hepatic1H-[13C]-lipid signals after a single high-fat meal with13C-labeled fatty acids in 5 lean and 6 obese subjects. Postprandial retention of orally administered13C-labeled fatty acids was significant (P< 0.01). Approximately 1.5% of the tracer was retained in the liver after 6 hours, and retention was similar in both groups (P= 0.92). Thus, a substantial part of the liver fat can originate directly from storage of meal-derived fat. The ge-HSQC can be used to noninvasively reveal the contribution of dietary fat to the development of hepatic steatosis over time.
authors.affiliation: Departments of Radiology.|Human Biology and Human Movement Sciences, NUTRIM school for Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, Netherlands.|Top Institute Food and Nutrition, Wageningen, Netherlands.
authors.forename: Lucas
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Lindeboom
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, Magnetic Resonance Research Center, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA.
authors.forename: Robin A
authors.initials: RA
authors.lastname: de Graaf
authors.affiliation: Departments of Radiology.|Human Biology and Human Movement Sciences, NUTRIM school for Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, Netherlands.|Top Institute Food and Nutrition, Wageningen, Netherlands.
authors.forename: Christine I
authors.initials: CI
authors.lastname: Nabuurs
authors.affiliation: Departments of Radiology.
authors.forename: Petronella A
authors.initials: PA
authors.lastname: van Ewijk
authors.affiliation: Human Biology and Human Movement Sciences, NUTRIM school for Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, Netherlands.
authors.forename: Matthijs Kc
authors.initials: MK
authors.lastname: Hesselink
authors.affiliation: Departments of Radiology.
authors.forename: Joachim E
authors.initials: JE
authors.lastname: Wildberger
authors.affiliation: Departments of Radiology.|Human Biology and Human Movement Sciences, NUTRIM school for Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, Netherlands.|Top Institute Food and Nutrition, Wageningen, Netherlands.
authors.forename: Patrick
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Schrauwen
authors.affiliation: Departments of Radiology.|Human Biology and Human Movement Sciences, NUTRIM school for Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, Netherlands.|Top Institute Food and Nutrition, Wageningen, Netherlands.
authors.forename: Vera B
authors.initials: VB
authors.lastname: Schrauwen-Hinderling
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D004041:Dietary Fats / Q000032:analysis*; D005227:Fatty Acids / Q000032:analysis; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008099:Liver / Q000378:metabolism*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D065626:Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease; D019518:Postprandial Period; D013057:Spectrum Analysis / Q000379:methods*
chemical_list: D004041:Dietary Fats; D005227:Fatty Acids