title: Prevalence and prevention of cardiovascular disease and diabetes mellitus.
abstract: Noncommunicable diseases (NCDs) have become important causes of mortality on a global scale. According to the report of World Health Organization (WHO), NCDs killed 38 million people (out of 56 million deaths that occurred worldwide) during 2012. Cardiovascular diseases accounted for most NCD deaths (17.5 million NCD deaths), followed by cancers (8.2 million NCD deaths), respiratory diseases (4.0 million NCD deaths) and diabetes mellitus (1.5 million NCD deaths). Globally, the leading cause of death is cardiovascular diseases; their prevalence is incessantly progressing in both developed and developing nations. Diabetic patients with insulin resistance are even at a greater risk of cardiovascular disease. Obesity, high cholesterol, hypertriglyceridemia and elevated blood pressure are mainly considered as major risk factors for diabetic patients afflicted with cardiovascular disease. The present review sheds light on the global incidence of cardiovascular disease and diabetes mellitus. Additionally, measures to be taken to reduce the global encumbrance of cardiovascular disease and diabetes mellitus are highlighted.
authors.affiliation: Pharmacology Unit, Faculty of Pharmacy, AIMST University, 08100 Bedong, Kedah Darul Aman, Malaysia. Electronic address: pbala2006@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Pitchai
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Balakumar
authors.affiliation: Division of Cardiovascular and Renal Products, Center for Drug Evaluation and Research, US Food and Drug Administration (FDA), Silver Spring, MD 20993, USA. Electronic address: Khin.U@fda.hhs.gov.
authors.forename: Khin
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Maung-U
authors.affiliation: Division of Cardiovascular and Renal Products, Center for Drug Evaluation and Research, US Food and Drug Administration (FDA), Silver Spring, MD 20993, USA. Electronic address: gowra.jagadeesh@fda.hhs.gov.
authors.forename: Gowraganahalli
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Jagadeesh
mesh_terms: D002318:Cardiovascular Diseases / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000517:prevention & control*; D003920:Diabetes Mellitus / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000517:prevention & control*; D006801:Humans; D007333:Insulin Resistance / Q000502:physiology; D015995:Prevalence; D012307:Risk Factors
keywords: Cardiovascular disease prevalence; Cardiovascular risk factors; Diabetes mellitus; Disease prevention; Noncommunicable diseases