title: CKIP-1 silencing promotes new bone formation in rat mandibular distraction osteogenesis.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  This study investigated the effects and possible molecular mechanism of casein kinase-2 interacting protein-1 (CKIP-1) silencing on bone regeneration during rat mandibular distraction osteogenesis (DO).
  
  
  METHODS
  CKIP-1 silencing by chitosan/si-CKIP-1 was employed and analyzed both in rat mandibular DO models in vivo and in cultured rat mandible bone marrow stromal cells (BMSCs) in vitro.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Gross observation, micro-computed tomography analysis, and hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) staining revealed that new bone formation in the distraction gap of the chitosan/si-CKIP-treated group was better compared with the chitosan/si-NC and phosphate buffered saline-treated groups in both quantity and quality. Proliferation assay, flow cytometry, and alizarin red staining indicated that CKIP-1 silencing significantly inhibited apoptosis, but promoted osteogenic differentiation of cultured BMSCs. Additionally, CKIP-1 silencing significantly promoted the expression of Wnt3 a, β-catenin, and osteocalcin both in new bone formation of DO models in vivo and in the osteogenic differentiation process of BMSCs in vitro.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Promotion of bone formation after CKIP-1 silencing in rat mandibular distraction osteogenesis appears to be mediated through the Wnt3 a/β-catenin signaling pathway.
authors.affiliation: First Cadet Brigade, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China.
authors.forename: Zi-Chao
authors.initials: ZC
authors.lastname: Zhou
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology and National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, and Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Department of Prosthodontics, School of Stomatology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China; Department of Military Preventive Medicine, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China.
authors.forename: Lei
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Che
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology and National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, and Shaanxi Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, School of Stomatology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China.
authors.forename: Liang
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Kong
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology and National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, and Shaanxi Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, School of Stomatology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China.
authors.forename: De-Lin
authors.initials: DL
authors.lastname: Lei
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology and National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Nursing Department, School of Stomatology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China.
authors.forename: Rui
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology and National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, and Shaanxi Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, School of Stomatology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China. Electronic address: Yangxinjie@fmmu.edu.cn.
authors.forename: Xin-Jie
authors.initials: XJ
authors.lastname: Yang
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D008297:Male; D051381:Rats; D001861:Bone Regeneration / Q000502:physiology; D002352:Carrier Proteins / Q000494:pharmacology; D048271:Chitosan / Q000494:pharmacology; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D008334:Mandible / Q000166:cytology / Q000601:surgery; D063168:Mandibular Osteotomy; D059630:Mesenchymal Stem Cells / Q000378:metabolism; D019857:Osteogenesis, Distraction / Q000379:methods; D011897:Random Allocation; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D034741:RNA, Small Interfering / Q000494:pharmacology; D013194:Staining and Labeling; D055114:X-Ray Microtomography; D047908:Intracellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins
chemical_list: D002352:Carrier Proteins; D048271:Chitosan; D034741:RNA, Small Interfering; C000620534:PLEKHO1 protein, rat; D047908:Intracellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins