title: Analysis of emerging contaminants in water and solid samples using high resolution mass spectrometry with a Q Exactive orbital ion trap and estrogenic activity with YES-assay.
abstract: Trace emerging contaminants (ECs) occur in both waste and surface waters that are rich in particulates that have been found to sorb several organic contaminants. An analytical method based on off-line solid-phase extraction (SPE) followed by liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS) analysis was developed for the detection and quantification of 31 ECs from surface water, wastewater, suspended particulate matter (SPM) as well as sediments. Lyophilized sediments and air-dried SPM were subjected to ultrasonic extraction. Water samples and extracts were then concentrated and cleaned-up by off-line SPE. Quantification was realized using a Q Exactive mass spectrometer in both full scan (FS) and MS2modes. These two modes were optimized and compared to determine which one was the most suitable for each matrix studied. Yeast estrogen screen assay (YES-assay) adapted from the direct measurement of estrogenic activity without sample extraction was tested on filtered wastewater samples. An endocrine disrupting effect was detected in all effluent samples analyzed with estradiol equivalent concentrations ranging from 4.4 to 720 ng eq E2 L-1for the WWTP-1 and 6.5-42 ng eq E2 L-1for the WWTP-2. The analytical methods were also applied on six samples of surface water, the corresponding SPM, the sediments and thirty-nine effluent samples from two wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) sampled over a period of five months (February to June 2014).
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada.
authors.forename: Simon
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Comtois-Marotte
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada.
authors.forename: Thomas
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Chappuis
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada.
authors.forename: Sung
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Vo Duy
authors.affiliation: Département de chimie, biochimie et physique, Université du Québec à Trois-Rivières, Trois-Rivières, QC, Canada.
authors.forename: Nicolas
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Gilbert
authors.affiliation: Département de chimie, biochimie et physique, Université du Québec à Trois-Rivières, Trois-Rivières, QC, Canada.
authors.forename: André
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Lajeunesse
authors.affiliation: Centre d'expertise en analyse environnementale du Québec, ministère du Développement durable, de l'Environnement et de la Lutte contre les changements climatiques, Québec, QC, Canada.
authors.forename: Salma
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Taktek
authors.affiliation: Centre d'expertise en analyse environnementale du Québec, ministère du Développement durable, de l'Environnement et de la Lutte contre les changements climatiques, Québec, QC, Canada.
authors.forename: Mélanie
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Desrosiers
authors.affiliation: Centre d'expertise en analyse environnementale du Québec, ministère du Développement durable, de l'Environnement et de la Lutte contre les changements climatiques, Québec, QC, Canada.
authors.forename: Éloïse
authors.initials: É
authors.lastname: Veilleux
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada. Electronic address: sebastien.sauve@umontreal.ca.
authors.forename: Sébastien
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Sauvé
mesh_terms: D001681:Biological Assay / Q000379:methods*; D002853:Chromatography, Liquid; D052244:Endocrine Disruptors / Q000032:analysis*; D004784:Environmental Monitoring / Q000379:methods*; D004967:Estrogens / Q000032:analysis*; D012441:Saccharomyces cerevisiae / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000254:growth & development; D052616:Solid Phase Extraction / Q000379:methods; D053719:Tandem Mass Spectrometry / Q000379:methods*; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical / Q000032:analysis*
chemical_list: D052244:Endocrine Disruptors; D004967:Estrogens; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical
keywords: Emerging contaminants; High-resolution mass spectrometry; Liquid chromatography; Multi-residue analysis; YES-assay