title: Retarding Crystallization during Facile Single Coating of NaCl-Incorporated Precursor Solution for Efficient Large-Area Uniform Perovskite Solar Cells.
abstract: We demonstrated crystallization retardation of CH3NH3PbI3thin film during single coating of precursor solution by simple addition of NaCl. NaCl was codissolved into a precursor mixture solution containing PbI2and methylammonium iodide (MAI). Dissolved NaCl interacted with the PbI2in solution and produced a stable intermediate phase, which was converted to a full-coverage uniform perovskite absorber layer via reaction with MAI during a single spin-coating. The resulting planar-structure perovskite solar cell made from NaCl-supplemented precursor solution showed a 48% improvement in power conversion efficiency (PCE) (maximum value 15.16%) over the device fabricated without the additive. Our NaCl-supplemented single coating represents an easy approach to effectively obtain highly reproducible uniform performance at an overall position in 5 cm × 5 cm sized cells (divided into 20 subcells with an active area of 0.06 cm2) with average PCEs of 12.00 ± 0.48%.
authors.affiliation: Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Yonsei University , Seoul 120-749, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Hongseuk
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.affiliation: Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Yonsei University , Seoul 120-749, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Areum
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.affiliation: Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Yonsei University , Seoul 120-749, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Hyeok-Chan
authors.initials: HC
authors.lastname: Kwon
authors.affiliation: Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Yonsei University , Seoul 120-749, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Wooseok
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.affiliation: Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Yonsei University , Seoul 120-749, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Yunjung
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Oh
authors.affiliation: Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Yonsei University , Seoul 120-749, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Daehee
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.affiliation: Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Yonsei University , Seoul 120-749, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Jooho
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Moon
keywords: NaCl additive; film morphology; large-area fabrication; perovskite solar cells; single coating