title: Enrichment of Saccharides and Divalent Cations in Sea Spray Aerosol During Two Phytoplankton Blooms.
abstract: Sea spray aerosol (SSA) is a globally important source of particulate matter. A mesocosm study was performed to determine the relative enrichment of saccharides and inorganic ions in nascent fine (PM2.5) and coarse (PM10-2.5) SSA and the sea surface microlayer (SSML) relative to bulk seawater. Saccharides comprise a significant fraction of organic matter in fine and coarse SSA (11 and 27%, respectively). Relative to sodium, individual saccharides were enriched 14-1314-fold in fine SSA, 3-138-fold in coarse SSA, but only up to 1.0-16.2-fold in SSML. Enrichments in SSML were attributed to rising bubbles that scavenge surface-active species from seawater, while further enrichment in fine SSA likely derives from bubble films. Mean enrichment factors for major ions demonstrated significant enrichment in fine SSA for potassium (1.3), magnesium (1.4), and calcium (1.7), likely because of their interactions with organic matter. Consequently, fine SSA develops a salt profile significantly different from that of seawater. Maximal enrichments of saccharides and ions coincided with the second of two phytoplankton blooms, signifying the influence of ocean biology on selective mass transfer across the ocean-air interface.
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry, University of Iowa , Iowa City, Iowa 52242, United States.
authors.forename: Thilina
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Jayarathne
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, San Diego , La Jolla, California 92093, United States.
authors.forename: Camille M
authors.initials: CM
authors.lastname: Sultana
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, San Diego , La Jolla, California 92093, United States.
authors.forename: Christopher
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.affiliation: Scripps Institution of Oceanography, University of California, San Diego , La Jolla, California 92037, United States.|OGS, National Institute of Oceanography and Experimental Geophysics , Trieste 34100, Italy.
authors.forename: Francesca
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Malfatti
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, San Diego , La Jolla, California 92093, United States.
authors.forename: Joshua L
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: Cox
authors.affiliation: Scripps Institution of Oceanography, University of California, San Diego , La Jolla, California 92037, United States.
authors.forename: Matthew A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Pendergraft
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, San Diego , La Jolla, California 92093, United States.
authors.forename: Kathryn A
authors.initials: KA
authors.lastname: Moore
authors.affiliation: Scripps Institution of Oceanography, University of California, San Diego , La Jolla, California 92037, United States.
authors.forename: Farooq
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Azam
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry, University of Iowa , Iowa City, Iowa 52242, United States.
authors.forename: Alexei V
authors.initials: AV
authors.lastname: Tivanski
authors.affiliation: Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of California, Davis , Davis, California 95616, United States.
authors.forename: Christopher D
authors.initials: CD
authors.lastname: Cappa
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison , Madison, Wisconsin 53706, United States.
authors.forename: Timothy H
authors.initials: TH
authors.lastname: Bertram
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, San Diego , La Jolla, California 92093, United States.
authors.forename: Vicki H
authors.initials: VH
authors.lastname: Grassian
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, San Diego , La Jolla, California 92093, United States.
authors.forename: Kimberly A
authors.initials: KA
authors.lastname: Prather
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry, University of Iowa , Iowa City, Iowa 52242, United States.
authors.forename: Elizabeth A
authors.initials: EA
authors.lastname: Stone
mesh_terms: D000336:Aerosols; D000393:Air Pollutants; D002413:Cations, Divalent; D009792:Oceans and Seas; D010316:Particle Size; D052638:Particulate Matter; D010839:Phytoplankton; D012623:Seawater
chemical_list: D000336:Aerosols; D000393:Air Pollutants; D002413:Cations, Divalent; D052638:Particulate Matter