title: Current Update on Interstitial Lung Disease of Infancy: New Classification System, Diagnostic Evaluation, Imaging Algorithms, Imaging Findings, and Prognosis.
abstract: Childhood interstitial lung disease represents a rare and heterogeneous group of diseases that can result in significant morbidity and mortality, some leading to death during infancy. CT is the imaging test of choice. Although many CT findings are nonspecific and a definitive diagnosis usually cannot be reached by CT alone, the interpreting radiologist is instrumental in defining disease extent and refining the diagnosis. Chest CTs are of key importance in guiding site selection for lung biopsy and for following disease progression and response to treatment. Thus, from the radiologist's perspective, ensuring maximal quality of CT imaging and interpretation is paramount.
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, Medical University of South Carolina, MSC 322, 96 Jonathan Lucas Street, Charleston, SC 29425, USA. Electronic address: thackerp@musc.edu.
authors.forename: Paul G
authors.initials: PG
authors.lastname: Thacker
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathology, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, 300 Longwood Avenue, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
authors.forename: Sara O
authors.initials: SO
authors.lastname: Vargas
authors.affiliation: Pulmonary Division, Department of Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, 300 Longwood Avenue, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
authors.forename: Martha P
authors.initials: MP
authors.lastname: Fishman
authors.affiliation: Pulmonary Division, Department of Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, 300 Longwood Avenue, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
authors.forename: Alicia M
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Casey
authors.affiliation: Division of Thoracic Imaging, Department of Radiology, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, 300 Longwood Avenue, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
authors.forename: Edward Y
authors.initials: EY
authors.lastname: Lee
mesh_terms: D000465:Algorithms; D002675:Child, Preschool; D003937:Diagnosis, Differential; D005060:Europe; D019317:Evidence-Based Medicine; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D017563:Lung Diseases, Interstitial / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D008297:Male; D010372:Pediatrics / Q000592:standards*; D017410:Practice Guidelines as Topic; D011650:Pulmonary Alveoli / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D015272:Pulmonary Medicine / Q000592:standards*; D011856:Radiographic Image Enhancement / Q000592:standards; D013902:Radiography, Thoracic / Q000592:standards; D014057:Tomography, X-Ray Computed / Q000592:standards*; D014481:United States
keywords: Bronchopulmonary dysplasia; High-resolution computed tomography; Interstitial lung disease; Neuroendocrine cell hyperplasia of infancy; Pulmonary interstitial glycogenosis; Surfactant dysfunction disorder