title: Non-target analysis of household dust and laundry dryer lint using comprehensive two-dimensional liquid chromatography coupled with time-of-flight mass spectrometry.
abstract: Household dust and laundry dryer lint are important indoor environmental matrices that may have notable health effects on humans due to chronic exposure. However, due to the sample complexity the studies conducted on these sample matrices until now were almost exclusively on the basis of target analysis. In this study, comprehensive two-dimensional liquid chromatography coupled with time-of-flight mass spectrometry (LC × LC-ToF MS) was applied, to enable non-target analysis of household dust as well as laundry dryer lint for the first time. The higher peak capacity and good orthogonality of LC × LC, together with reduced ion suppression in the MS enabled rapid identification of environmental contaminants in these complex sample matrices. A number of environmental contaminants were tentatively identified based on their accurate masses and isotopic patterns, including plasticizers, flame retardants, pesticides, drug metabolites, etc. The identity of seven compounds: tris(2-butoxyethyl) phosphate, tris(2-chloropropyl) phosphate, n-benzyl butyl phthalate, dibutyl phthalate, tributyl phosphate, triethyl phosphate and N, N-diethyl-meta-toluamide was confirmed using two-dimensional retention alignment and their concentrations in the samples were semi-quantitatively determined.
authors.affiliation: Institute for Environmental Studies (IVM), VU University Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1087, 1081 HV, Amsterdam, The Netherlands. Electronic address: xiyu.ouyang@vu.nl.
authors.forename: Xiyu
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Ouyang
authors.affiliation: Department of Environmental Science and Analytical Chemistry (ACES), Stockholm University, SE-106 91, Stockholm, Sweden.
authors.forename: Jana M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Weiss
authors.affiliation: Institute for Environmental Studies (IVM), VU University Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1087, 1081 HV, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Jacob
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: de Boer
authors.affiliation: Institute for Environmental Studies (IVM), VU University Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1087, 1081 HV, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Marja H
authors.initials: MH
authors.lastname: Lamoree
authors.affiliation: Institute for Environmental Studies (IVM), VU University Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1087, 1081 HV, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Pim E G
authors.initials: PEG
authors.lastname: Leonards
mesh_terms: D016902:Air Pollution, Indoor / Q000032:analysis*; D002853:Chromatography, Liquid / Q000379:methods*; D004391:Dust / Q000032:analysis*; D004785:Environmental Pollutants / Q000032:analysis*; D005411:Flame Retardants / Q000032:analysis; D006798:Housing; D006801:Humans; D013058:Mass Spectrometry / Q000379:methods*; D010755:Organophosphates / Q000032:analysis; D009943:Organophosphorus Compounds / Q000032:analysis; D010575:Pesticides / Q000032:analysis; D010795:Phthalic Acids / Q000032:analysis; D010968:Plasticizers / Q000032:analysis
chemical_list: D004391:Dust; D004785:Environmental Pollutants; D005411:Flame Retardants; D010755:Organophosphates; D009943:Organophosphorus Compounds; D010575:Pesticides; D010795:Phthalic Acids; D010968:Plasticizers; C009524:tributyl phosphate; C009549:triethyl phosphate; C027561:butylbenzyl phthalate
keywords: High resolution mass spectrometry; Household dust; Laundry dryer lint; Non-target screening; Two-dimensional liquid chromatography