title: Transglutaminase-catalyzed amination of pea protein peptides using the biogenic amines histamine and tyramine.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Biogenic amines (BAs) are produced by the enzymatic decarboxylation of amino acids, and are well-known for their toxicity to humans. This study describes a new method using microbial transglutaminase (MTGase) to covalently link BAs such as histamine (HIS) and tyramine (TYR) to the glutamine residues of alcalase-hydrolyzed pea protein (PPH).
  
  
  RESULTS
  The incubation of PPH and HIS and TYR in the presence of MTGase at 37 °C led to the formation of conjugates, as determined by liquid chromatography, after derivatization with dansyl chloride. Seventy-six % of HIS and 65% of TYR were covalently incorporated to PPH by MTGase. The incubation of PPH and TYR in the presence of MTGase exhibited a 52% DPPH radical scavenging activity at 10 mg mL-1. Conjugation via MTGase improved the antioxidant status by reducing lipid peroxidation.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This study emphasizes that the application of MTGase can effectively reduce histamine and tyramine content while simultaneously enhancing antioxidative capacity of PPH. © 2016 Society of Chemical Industry.
authors.affiliation: Department of Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, 410 Agriculture/Forestry Centre, Edmonton, AB, Canada, T6G 2P5.
authors.forename: Xinyao
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Lu
authors.affiliation: Department of Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, 410 Agriculture/Forestry Centre, Edmonton, AB, Canada, T6G 2P5.
authors.forename: Yuliya
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Hrynets
authors.affiliation: Department of Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, 410 Agriculture/Forestry Centre, Edmonton, AB, Canada, T6G 2P5.
authors.forename: Mirko
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Betti
mesh_terms: D000586:Amination; D001236:Aspergillus oryzae / Q000201:enzymology*; D055162:Biocatalysis; D001679:Biogenic Amines / Q000737:chemistry*; D005656:Fungal Proteins / Q000737:chemistry*; D006632:Histamine / Q000737:chemistry*; D007700:Kinetics; D018532:Pisum sativum / Q000737:chemistry*; D010940:Plant Proteins / Q000737:chemistry*; D011503:Transglutaminases / Q000737:chemistry*; D014439:Tyramine / Q000737:chemistry*
chemical_list: D001679:Biogenic Amines; D005656:Fungal Proteins; D010940:Plant Proteins; D006632:Histamine; D011503:Transglutaminases; D014439:Tyramine
keywords: antioxidant capacity; biogenic amines; conjugation; pea protein hydrolysate; transglutaminase