title: Composition by LC-MS/MS of New Carotenoid Esters in Mango and Citrus.
abstract: Interest in the composition of carotenoid esters of fruits is growing because esterification may affect their bioavailability. Thus, the aim was to provide a detailed identification of carotenoid esters in citrus and mango. Orange cv. 'Valencia' and cv. 'Pera' presented 9 free carotenoids, 38 monoesters, and 60 diesters. Violaxanthin and luteoxanthin derivatives were the major ones, followed by antheraxanthin, lutein, zeaxanthin, β-cryptoxanthin, and zeinoxanthin esters, many of them reported for the first time in orange pulp. The carotenoid ester composition of tangor cv. 'Murcott', reported for the first time, showed 8 free carotenoids, 34 monoesters, and 33 diesters, with β-cryptoxanthin esters as major compounds, followed by violaxanthin and zeaxanthin esters. In citrus, carotenoids were acylated mainly with capric, lauric, myristic, myristoleic, palmitic, palmitoleic, and oleic acids. In mango, 5 free carotenoids, 2 monoesters, and 19 diesters were identified, from which many violaxanthin and neoxanthin esters were reported for the first time.
authors.affiliation: Food Research Center (FoRC), Department of Food Science, Faculty of Food Engineering, University of Campinas (UNICAMP) , 13083-862 Campinas, SP, Brazil.
authors.forename: Fabiane C
authors.initials: FC
authors.lastname: Petry
authors.affiliation: Food Research Center (FoRC), Department of Food Science, Faculty of Food Engineering, University of Campinas (UNICAMP) , 13083-862 Campinas, SP, Brazil.
authors.forename: Adriana Z
authors.initials: AZ
authors.lastname: Mercadante
mesh_terms: D002338:Carotenoids / Q000032:analysis* / Q000737:chemistry; D002851:Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid / Q000379:methods; D002957:Citrus / Q000737:chemistry*; D004952:Esters / Q000032:analysis; D005504:Food Analysis / Q000379:methods; D031022:Mangifera / Q000737:chemistry*; D053719:Tandem Mass Spectrometry / Q000379:methods*
chemical_list: D004952:Esters; D002338:Carotenoids
keywords: Citrus reticulata L. Blanco X Citrus sinensis L. Osbeck; Citrus sinensis L. Osbeck; HPLC-DAD-(APCI)MSn; LC-MS; Mangifera indica L.; carotenoid esters; identification; mandarin; mango; orange; xanthophylls