title: Gaps in Hypertension Guidelines in Low- and Middle-Income Versus High-Income Countries: A Systematic Review.
authors.affiliation: From the Department of Medicine and University College Hospital (M.O., J.Y., T.M., L.O., T.F., E.S.M., B.S.) and Institute for Advanced Medical Research and Training, College of Medicine (R.A.), University of Ibadan, Nigeria; WFNR-Blossom Specialist Medical Center, Ibadan, Nigeria (M.O., E.U.); Federal Teaching Hospital, Ido-Ekiti, Nigeria (P.O.); Department of Medicine, CRONICAS Center of Excellence in Chronic Diseases, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima, Peru (J.J.M.); Department of Neurology (W.F., R.S., B.O.) and Department of Public Health Sciences (M.G.), Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston; School of International Development and Global Studies, University of Ottawa, Ontario, Canada (S.Y.); Department of Family and Emergency Medicine, University of Montreal, Quebec, Canada (J.K.); Department of Public Health, Health Service Organization, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada (L.T.); Departments of Anesthesia/Pediatrics, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada (J.V.O.); Department of Health Research, Ministry of Health & Family Welfare, Government of India, New Delhi, India (P.M.); Sydney Medical School, University of Sydney, New South Wales, Australia (C.C., R.J.); Non Communicable Diseases Research Unit, South African Medical Research Council, Tygerberg, South Africa (A.K.); School of Clinical Sciences at Monash Health, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia (A.G.T.); Cardiovascular Global Health Division of Cardiology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC (G.S.B.); Global Alliance for Chronic Diseases, UCL Institute for Global Health, London, United Kingdom (G.P.); Department of Public Health, Academic Medical Centre, University of Amsterdam, The Netherlands (C.A.); Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Florence, Italy (P.A.M.); and Developmental Pathways for Health Research Unit, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa (S.N.). mayowaowolabi@yahoo.com.
authors.forename: Mayowa
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Owolabi
authors.affiliation: From the Department of Medicine and University College Hospital (M.O., J.Y., T.M., L.O., T.F., E.S.M., B.S.) and Institute for Advanced Medical Research and Training, College of Medicine (R.A.), University of Ibadan, Nigeria; WFNR-Blossom Specialist Medical Center, Ibadan, Nigeria (M.O., E.U.); Federal Teaching Hospital, Ido-Ekiti, Nigeria (P.O.); Department of Medicine, CRONICAS Center of Excellence in Chronic Diseases, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima, Peru (J.J.M.); Department of Neurology (W.F., R.S., B.O.) and Department of Public Health Sciences (M.G.), Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston; School of International Development and Global Studies, University of Ottawa, Ontario, Canada (S.Y.); Department of Family and Emergency Medicine, University of Montreal, Quebec, Canada (J.K.); Department of Public Health, Health Service Organization, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada (L.T.); Departments of Anesthesia/Pediatrics, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada (J.V.O.); Department of Health Research, Ministry of Health & Family Welfare, Government of India, New Delhi, India (P.M.); Sydney Medical School, University of Sydney, New South Wales, Australia (C.C., R.J.); Non Communicable Diseases Research Unit, South African Medical Research Council, Tygerberg, South Africa (A.K.); School of Clinical Sciences at Monash Health, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia (A.G.T.); Cardiovascular Global Health Division of Cardiology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC (G.S.B.); Global Alliance for Chronic Diseases, UCL Institute for Global Health, London, United Kingdom (G.P.); Department of Public Health, Academic Medical Centre, University of Amsterdam, The Netherlands (C.A.); Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Florence, Italy (P.A.M.); and Developmental Pathways for Health Research Unit, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa (S.N.).
authors.forename: Paul
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Olowoyo
authors.affiliation: From the Department of Medicine and University College Hospital (M.O., J.Y., T.M., L.O., T.F., E.S.M., B.S.) and Institute for Advanced Medical Research and Training, College of Medicine (R.A.), University of Ibadan, Nigeria; WFNR-Blossom Specialist Medical Center, Ibadan, Nigeria (M.O., E.U.); Federal Teaching Hospital, Ido-Ekiti, Nigeria (P.O.); Department of Medicine, CRONICAS Center of Excellence in Chronic Diseases, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima, Peru (J.J.M.); Department of Neurology (W.F., R.S., B.O.) and Department of Public Health Sciences (M.G.), Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston; School of International Development and Global Studies, University of Ottawa, Ontario, Canada (S.Y.); Department of Family and Emergency Medicine, University of Montreal, Quebec, Canada (J.K.); Department of Public Health, Health Service Organization, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada (L.T.); Departments of Anesthesia/Pediatrics, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada (J.V.O.); Department of Health Research, Ministry of Health & Family Welfare, Government of India, New Delhi, India (P.M.); Sydney Medical School, University of Sydney, New South Wales, Australia (C.C., R.J.); Non Communicable Diseases Research Unit, South African Medical Research Council, Tygerberg, South Africa (A.K.); School of Clinical Sciences at Monash Health, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia (A.G.T.); Cardiovascular Global Health Division of Cardiology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC (G.S.B.); Global Alliance for Chronic Diseases, UCL Institute for Global Health, London, United Kingdom (G.P.); Department of Public Health, Academic Medical Centre, University of Amsterdam, The Netherlands (C.A.); Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Florence, Italy (P.A.M.); and Developmental Pathways for Health Research Unit, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa (S.N.).
authors.forename: J Jaime
authors.initials: JJ
authors.lastname: Miranda
authors.affiliation: From the Department of Medicine and University College Hospital (M.O., J.Y., T.M., L.O., T.F., E.S.M., B.S.) and Institute for Advanced Medical Research and Training, College of Medicine (R.A.), University of Ibadan, Nigeria; WFNR-Blossom Specialist Medical Center, Ibadan, Nigeria (M.O., E.U.); Federal Teaching Hospital, Ido-Ekiti, Nigeria (P.O.); Department of Medicine, CRONICAS Center of Excellence in Chronic Diseases, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima, Peru (J.J.M.); Department of Neurology (W.F., R.S., B.O.) and Department of Public Health Sciences (M.G.), Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston; School of International Development and Global Studies, University of Ottawa, Ontario, Canada (S.Y.); Department of Family and Emergency Medicine, University of Montreal, Quebec, Canada (J.K.); Department of Public Health, Health Service Organization, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada (L.T.); Departments of Anesthesia/Pediatrics, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada (J.V.O.); Department of Health Research, Ministry of Health & Family Welfare, Government of India, New Delhi, India (P.M.); Sydney Medical School, University of Sydney, New South Wales, Australia (C.C., R.J.); Non Communicable Diseases Research Unit, South African Medical Research Council, Tygerberg, South Africa (A.K.); School of Clinical Sciences at Monash Health, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia (A.G.T.); Cardiovascular Global Health Division of Cardiology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC (G.S.B.); Global Alliance for Chronic Diseases, UCL Institute for Global Health, London, United Kingdom (G.P.); Department of Public Health, Academic Medical Centre, University of Amsterdam, The Netherlands (C.A.); Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Florence, Italy (P.A.M.); and Developmental Pathways for Health Research Unit, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa (S.N.).
authors.forename: Rufus
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Akinyemi
authors.affiliation: From the Department of Medicine and University College Hospital (M.O., J.Y., T.M., L.O., T.F., E.S.M., B.S.) and Institute for Advanced Medical Research and Training, College of Medicine (R.A.), University of Ibadan, Nigeria; WFNR-Blossom Specialist Medical Center, Ibadan, Nigeria (M.O., E.U.); Federal Teaching Hospital, Ido-Ekiti, Nigeria (P.O.); Department of Medicine, CRONICAS Center of Excellence in Chronic Diseases, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima, Peru (J.J.M.); Department of Neurology (W.F., R.S., B.O.) and Department of Public Health Sciences (M.G.), Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston; School of International Development and Global Studies, University of Ottawa, Ontario, Canada (S.Y.); Department of Family and Emergency Medicine, University of Montreal, Quebec, Canada (J.K.); Department of Public Health, Health Service Organization, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada (L.T.); Departments of Anesthesia/Pediatrics, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada (J.V.O.); Department of Health Research, Ministry of Health & Family Welfare, Government of India, New Delhi, India (P.M.); Sydney Medical School, University of Sydney, New South Wales, Australia (C.C., R.J.); Non Communicable Diseases Research Unit, South African Medical Research Council, Tygerberg, South Africa (A.K.); School of Clinical Sciences at Monash Health, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia (A.G.T.); Cardiovascular Global Health Division of Cardiology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC (G.S.B.); Global Alliance for Chronic Diseases, UCL Institute for Global Health, London, United Kingdom (G.P.); Department of Public Health, Academic Medical Centre, University of Amsterdam, The Netherlands (C.A.); Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Florence, Italy (P.A.M.); and Developmental Pathways for Health Research Unit, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa (S.N.).
authors.forename: Wuwei
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Feng
authors.affiliation: From the Department of Medicine and University College Hospital (M.O., J.Y., T.M., L.O., T.F., E.S.M., B.S.) and Institute for Advanced Medical Research and Training, College of Medicine (R.A.), University of Ibadan, Nigeria; WFNR-Blossom Specialist Medical Center, Ibadan, Nigeria (M.O., E.U.); Federal Teaching Hospital, Ido-Ekiti, Nigeria (P.O.); Department of Medicine, CRONICAS Center of Excellence in Chronic Diseases, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima, Peru (J.J.M.); Department of Neurology (W.F., R.S., B.O.) and Department of Public Health Sciences (M.G.), Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston; School of International Development and Global Studies, University of Ottawa, Ontario, Canada (S.Y.); Department of Family and Emergency Medicine, University of Montreal, Quebec, Canada (J.K.); Department of Public Health, Health Service Organization, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada (L.T.); Departments of Anesthesia/Pediatrics, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada (J.V.O.); Department of Health Research, Ministry of Health & Family Welfare, Government of India, New Delhi, India (P.M.); Sydney Medical School, University of Sydney, New South Wales, Australia (C.C., R.J.); Non Communicable Diseases Research Unit, South African Medical Research Council, Tygerberg, South Africa (A.K.); School of Clinical Sciences at Monash Health, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia (A.G.T.); Cardiovascular Global Health Division of Cardiology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC (G.S.B.); Global Alliance for Chronic Diseases, UCL Institute for Global Health, London, United Kingdom (G.P.); Department of Public Health, Academic Medical Centre, University of Amsterdam, The Netherlands (C.A.); Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Florence, Italy (P.A.M.); and Developmental Pathways for Health Research Unit, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa (S.N.).
authors.forename: Joseph
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Yaria
authors.affiliation: From the Department of Medicine and University College Hospital (M.O., J.Y., T.M., L.O., T.F., E.S.M., B.S.) and Institute for Advanced Medical Research and Training, College of Medicine (R.A.), University of Ibadan, Nigeria; WFNR-Blossom Specialist Medical Center, Ibadan, Nigeria (M.O., E.U.); Federal Teaching Hospital, Ido-Ekiti, Nigeria (P.O.); Department of Medicine, CRONICAS Center of Excellence in Chronic Diseases, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima, Peru (J.J.M.); Department of Neurology (W.F., R.S., B.O.) and Department of Public Health Sciences (M.G.), Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston; School of International Development and Global Studies, University of Ottawa, Ontario, Canada (S.Y.); Department of Family and Emergency Medicine, University of Montreal, Quebec, Canada (J.K.); Department of Public Health, Health Service Organization, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada (L.T.); Departments of Anesthesia/Pediatrics, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada (J.V.O.); Department of Health Research, Ministry of Health & Family Welfare, Government of India, New Delhi, India (P.M.); Sydney Medical School, University of Sydney, New South Wales, Australia (C.C., R.J.); Non Communicable Diseases Research Unit, South African Medical Research Council, Tygerberg, South Africa (A.K.); School of Clinical Sciences at Monash Health, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia (A.G.T.); Cardiovascular Global Health Division of Cardiology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC (G.S.B.); Global Alliance for Chronic Diseases, UCL Institute for Global Health, London, United Kingdom (G.P.); Department of Public Health, Academic Medical Centre, University of Amsterdam, The Netherlands (C.A.); Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Florence, Italy (P.A.M.); and Developmental Pathways for Health Research Unit, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa (S.N.).
authors.forename: Tomiwa
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Makanjuola
authors.affiliation: From the Department of Medicine and University College Hospital (M.O., J.Y., T.M., L.O., T.F., E.S.M., B.S.) and Institute for Advanced Medical Research and Training, College of Medicine (R.A.), University of Ibadan, Nigeria; WFNR-Blossom Specialist Medical Center, Ibadan, Nigeria (M.O., E.U.); Federal Teaching Hospital, Ido-Ekiti, Nigeria (P.O.); Department of Medicine, CRONICAS Center of Excellence in Chronic Diseases, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima, Peru (J.J.M.); Department of Neurology (W.F., R.S., B.O.) and Department of Public Health Sciences (M.G.), Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston; School of International Development and Global Studies, University of Ottawa, Ontario, Canada (S.Y.); Department of Family and Emergency Medicine, University of Montreal, Quebec, Canada (J.K.); Department of Public Health, Health Service Organization, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada (L.T.); Departments of Anesthesia/Pediatrics, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada (J.V.O.); Department of Health Research, Ministry of Health & Family Welfare, Government of India, New Delhi, India (P.M.); Sydney Medical School, University of Sydney, New South Wales, Australia (C.C., R.J.); Non Communicable Diseases Research Unit, South African Medical Research Council, Tygerberg, South Africa (A.K.); School of Clinical Sciences at Monash Health, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia (A.G.T.); Cardiovascular Global Health Division of Cardiology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC (G.S.B.); Global Alliance for Chronic Diseases, UCL Institute for Global Health, London, United Kingdom (G.P.); Department of Public Health, Academic Medical Centre, University of Amsterdam, The Netherlands (C.A.); Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Florence, Italy (P.A.M.); and Developmental Pathways for Health Research Unit, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa (S.N.).
authors.forename: Sanni
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Yaya
authors.affiliation: From the Department of Medicine and University College Hospital (M.O., J.Y., T.M., L.O., T.F., E.S.M., B.S.) and Institute for Advanced Medical Research and Training, College of Medicine (R.A.), University of Ibadan, Nigeria; WFNR-Blossom Specialist Medical Center, Ibadan, Nigeria (M.O., E.U.); Federal Teaching Hospital, Ido-Ekiti, Nigeria (P.O.); Department of Medicine, CRONICAS Center of Excellence in Chronic Diseases, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima, Peru (J.J.M.); Department of Neurology (W.F., R.S., B.O.) and Department of Public Health Sciences (M.G.), Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston; School of International Development and Global Studies, University of Ottawa, Ontario, Canada (S.Y.); Department of Family and Emergency Medicine, University of Montreal, Quebec, Canada (J.K.); Department of Public Health, Health Service Organization, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada (L.T.); Departments of Anesthesia/Pediatrics, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada (J.V.O.); Department of Health Research, Ministry of Health & Family Welfare, Government of India, New Delhi, India (P.M.); Sydney Medical School, University of Sydney, New South Wales, Australia (C.C., R.J.); Non Communicable Diseases Research Unit, South African Medical Research Council, Tygerberg, South Africa (A.K.); School of Clinical Sciences at Monash Health, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia (A.G.T.); Cardiovascular Global Health Division of Cardiology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC (G.S.B.); Global Alliance for Chronic Diseases, UCL Institute for Global Health, London, United Kingdom (G.P.); Department of Public Health, Academic Medical Centre, University of Amsterdam, The Netherlands (C.A.); Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Florence, Italy (P.A.M.); and Developmental Pathways for Health Research Unit, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa (S.N.).
authors.forename: Janusz
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Kaczorowski
authors.affiliation: From the Department of Medicine and University College Hospital (M.O., J.Y., T.M., L.O., T.F., E.S.M., B.S.) and Institute for Advanced Medical Research and Training, College of Medicine (R.A.), University of Ibadan, Nigeria; WFNR-Blossom Specialist Medical Center, Ibadan, Nigeria (M.O., E.U.); Federal Teaching Hospital, Ido-Ekiti, Nigeria (P.O.); Department of Medicine, CRONICAS Center of Excellence in Chronic Diseases, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima, Peru (J.J.M.); Department of Neurology (W.F., R.S., B.O.) and Department of Public Health Sciences (M.G.), Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston; School of International Development and Global Studies, University of Ottawa, Ontario, Canada (S.Y.); Department of Family and Emergency Medicine, University of Montreal, Quebec, Canada (J.K.); Department of Public Health, Health Service Organization, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada (L.T.); Departments of Anesthesia/Pediatrics, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada (J.V.O.); Department of Health Research, Ministry of Health & Family Welfare, Government of India, New Delhi, India (P.M.); Sydney Medical School, University of Sydney, New South Wales, Australia (C.C., R.J.); Non Communicable Diseases Research Unit, South African Medical Research Council, Tygerberg, South Africa (A.K.); School of Clinical Sciences at Monash Health, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia (A.G.T.); Cardiovascular Global Health Division of Cardiology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC (G.S.B.); Global Alliance for Chronic Diseases, UCL Institute for Global Health, London, United Kingdom (G.P.); Department of Public Health, Academic Medical Centre, University of Amsterdam, The Netherlands (C.A.); Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Florence, Italy (P.A.M.); and Developmental Pathways for Health Research Unit, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa (S.N.).
authors.forename: Lehana
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Thabane
authors.affiliation: From the Department of Medicine and University College Hospital (M.O., J.Y., T.M., L.O., T.F., E.S.M., B.S.) and Institute for Advanced Medical Research and Training, College of Medicine (R.A.), University of Ibadan, Nigeria; WFNR-Blossom Specialist Medical Center, Ibadan, Nigeria (M.O., E.U.); Federal Teaching Hospital, Ido-Ekiti, Nigeria (P.O.); Department of Medicine, CRONICAS Center of Excellence in Chronic Diseases, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima, Peru (J.J.M.); Department of Neurology (W.F., R.S., B.O.) and Department of Public Health Sciences (M.G.), Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston; School of International Development and Global Studies, University of Ottawa, Ontario, Canada (S.Y.); Department of Family and Emergency Medicine, University of Montreal, Quebec, Canada (J.K.); Department of Public Health, Health Service Organization, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada (L.T.); Departments of Anesthesia/Pediatrics, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada (J.V.O.); Department of Health Research, Ministry of Health & Family Welfare, Government of India, New Delhi, India (P.M.); Sydney Medical School, University of Sydney, New South Wales, Australia (C.C., R.J.); Non Communicable Diseases Research Unit, South African Medical Research Council, Tygerberg, South Africa (A.K.); School of Clinical Sciences at Monash Health, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia (A.G.T.); Cardiovascular Global Health Division of Cardiology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC (G.S.B.); Global Alliance for Chronic Diseases, UCL Institute for Global Health, London, United Kingdom (G.P.); Department of Public Health, Academic Medical Centre, University of Amsterdam, The Netherlands (C.A.); Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Florence, Italy (P.A.M.); and Developmental Pathways for Health Research Unit, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa (S.N.).
authors.forename: Josefien
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Van Olmen
authors.affiliation: From the Department of Medicine and University College Hospital (M.O., J.Y., T.M., L.O., T.F., E.S.M., B.S.) and Institute for Advanced Medical Research and Training, College of Medicine (R.A.), University of Ibadan, Nigeria; WFNR-Blossom Specialist Medical Center, Ibadan, Nigeria (M.O., E.U.); Federal Teaching Hospital, Ido-Ekiti, Nigeria (P.O.); Department of Medicine, CRONICAS Center of Excellence in Chronic Diseases, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima, Peru (J.J.M.); Department of Neurology (W.F., R.S., B.O.) and Department of Public Health Sciences (M.G.), Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston; School of International Development and Global Studies, University of Ottawa, Ontario, Canada (S.Y.); Department of Family and Emergency Medicine, University of Montreal, Quebec, Canada (J.K.); Department of Public Health, Health Service Organization, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada (L.T.); Departments of Anesthesia/Pediatrics, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada (J.V.O.); Department of Health Research, Ministry of Health & Family Welfare, Government of India, New Delhi, India (P.M.); Sydney Medical School, University of Sydney, New South Wales, Australia (C.C., R.J.); Non Communicable Diseases Research Unit, South African Medical Research Council, Tygerberg, South Africa (A.K.); School of Clinical Sciences at Monash Health, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia (A.G.T.); Cardiovascular Global Health Division of Cardiology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC (G.S.B.); Global Alliance for Chronic Diseases, UCL Institute for Global Health, London, United Kingdom (G.P.); Department of Public Health, Academic Medical Centre, University of Amsterdam, The Netherlands (C.A.); Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Florence, Italy (P.A.M.); and Developmental Pathways for Health Research Unit, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa (S.N.).
authors.forename: Prashant
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Mathur
authors.affiliation: From the Department of Medicine and University College Hospital (M.O., J.Y., T.M., L.O., T.F., E.S.M., B.S.) and Institute for Advanced Medical Research and Training, College of Medicine (R.A.), University of Ibadan, Nigeria; WFNR-Blossom Specialist Medical Center, Ibadan, Nigeria (M.O., E.U.); Federal Teaching Hospital, Ido-Ekiti, Nigeria (P.O.); Department of Medicine, CRONICAS Center of Excellence in Chronic Diseases, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima, Peru (J.J.M.); Department of Neurology (W.F., R.S., B.O.) and Department of Public Health Sciences (M.G.), Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston; School of International Development and Global Studies, University of Ottawa, Ontario, Canada (S.Y.); Department of Family and Emergency Medicine, University of Montreal, Quebec, Canada (J.K.); Department of Public Health, Health Service Organization, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada (L.T.); Departments of Anesthesia/Pediatrics, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada (J.V.O.); Department of Health Research, Ministry of Health & Family Welfare, Government of India, New Delhi, India (P.M.); Sydney Medical School, University of Sydney, New South Wales, Australia (C.C., R.J.); Non Communicable Diseases Research Unit, South African Medical Research Council, Tygerberg, South Africa (A.K.); School of Clinical Sciences at Monash Health, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia (A.G.T.); Cardiovascular Global Health Division of Cardiology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC (G.S.B.); Global Alliance for Chronic Diseases, UCL Institute for Global Health, London, United Kingdom (G.P.); Department of Public Health, Academic Medical Centre, University of Amsterdam, The Netherlands (C.A.); Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Florence, Italy (P.A.M.); and Developmental Pathways for Health Research Unit, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa (S.N.).
authors.forename: Clara
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Chow
authors.affiliation: From the Department of Medicine and University College Hospital (M.O., J.Y., T.M., L.O., T.F., E.S.M., B.S.) and Institute for Advanced Medical Research and Training, College of Medicine (R.A.), University of Ibadan, Nigeria; WFNR-Blossom Specialist Medical Center, Ibadan, Nigeria (M.O., E.U.); Federal Teaching Hospital, Ido-Ekiti, Nigeria (P.O.); Department of Medicine, CRONICAS Center of Excellence in Chronic Diseases, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima, Peru (J.J.M.); Department of Neurology (W.F., R.S., B.O.) and Department of Public Health Sciences (M.G.), Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston; School of International Development and Global Studies, University of Ottawa, Ontario, Canada (S.Y.); Department of Family and Emergency Medicine, University of Montreal, Quebec, Canada (J.K.); Department of Public Health, Health Service Organization, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada (L.T.); Departments of Anesthesia/Pediatrics, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada (J.V.O.); Department of Health Research, Ministry of Health & Family Welfare, Government of India, New Delhi, India (P.M.); Sydney Medical School, University of Sydney, New South Wales, Australia (C.C., R.J.); Non Communicable Diseases Research Unit, South African Medical Research Council, Tygerberg, South Africa (A.K.); School of Clinical Sciences at Monash Health, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia (A.G.T.); Cardiovascular Global Health Division of Cardiology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC (G.S.B.); Global Alliance for Chronic Diseases, UCL Institute for Global Health, London, United Kingdom (G.P.); Department of Public Health, Academic Medical Centre, University of Amsterdam, The Netherlands (C.A.); Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Florence, Italy (P.A.M.); and Developmental Pathways for Health Research Unit, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa (S.N.).
authors.forename: Andre
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Kengne
authors.affiliation: From the Department of Medicine and University College Hospital (M.O., J.Y., T.M., L.O., T.F., E.S.M., B.S.) and Institute for Advanced Medical Research and Training, College of Medicine (R.A.), University of Ibadan, Nigeria; WFNR-Blossom Specialist Medical Center, Ibadan, Nigeria (M.O., E.U.); Federal Teaching Hospital, Ido-Ekiti, Nigeria (P.O.); Department of Medicine, CRONICAS Center of Excellence in Chronic Diseases, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima, Peru (J.J.M.); Department of Neurology (W.F., R.S., B.O.) and Department of Public Health Sciences (M.G.), Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston; School of International Development and Global Studies, University of Ottawa, Ontario, Canada (S.Y.); Department of Family and Emergency Medicine, University of Montreal, Quebec, Canada (J.K.); Department of Public Health, Health Service Organization, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada (L.T.); Departments of Anesthesia/Pediatrics, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada (J.V.O.); Department of Health Research, Ministry of Health & Family Welfare, Government of India, New Delhi, India (P.M.); Sydney Medical School, University of Sydney, New South Wales, Australia (C.C., R.J.); Non Communicable Diseases Research Unit, South African Medical Research Council, Tygerberg, South Africa (A.K.); School of Clinical Sciences at Monash Health, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia (A.G.T.); Cardiovascular Global Health Division of Cardiology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC (G.S.B.); Global Alliance for Chronic Diseases, UCL Institute for Global Health, London, United Kingdom (G.P.); Department of Public Health, Academic Medical Centre, University of Amsterdam, The Netherlands (C.A.); Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Florence, Italy (P.A.M.); and Developmental Pathways for Health Research Unit, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa (S.N.).
authors.forename: Raelle
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Saulson
authors.affiliation: From the Department of Medicine and University College Hospital (M.O., J.Y., T.M., L.O., T.F., E.S.M., B.S.) and Institute for Advanced Medical Research and Training, College of Medicine (R.A.), University of Ibadan, Nigeria; WFNR-Blossom Specialist Medical Center, Ibadan, Nigeria (M.O., E.U.); Federal Teaching Hospital, Ido-Ekiti, Nigeria (P.O.); Department of Medicine, CRONICAS Center of Excellence in Chronic Diseases, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima, Peru (J.J.M.); Department of Neurology (W.F., R.S., B.O.) and Department of Public Health Sciences (M.G.), Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston; School of International Development and Global Studies, University of Ottawa, Ontario, Canada (S.Y.); Department of Family and Emergency Medicine, University of Montreal, Quebec, Canada (J.K.); Department of Public Health, Health Service Organization, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada (L.T.); Departments of Anesthesia/Pediatrics, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada (J.V.O.); Department of Health Research, Ministry of Health & Family Welfare, Government of India, New Delhi, India (P.M.); Sydney Medical School, University of Sydney, New South Wales, Australia (C.C., R.J.); Non Communicable Diseases Research Unit, South African Medical Research Council, Tygerberg, South Africa (A.K.); School of Clinical Sciences at Monash Health, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia (A.G.T.); Cardiovascular Global Health Division of Cardiology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC (G.S.B.); Global Alliance for Chronic Diseases, UCL Institute for Global Health, London, United Kingdom (G.P.); Department of Public Health, Academic Medical Centre, University of Amsterdam, The Netherlands (C.A.); Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Florence, Italy (P.A.M.); and Developmental Pathways for Health Research Unit, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa (S.N.).
authors.forename: Amanda G
authors.initials: AG
authors.lastname: Thrift
authors.affiliation: From the Department of Medicine and University College Hospital (M.O., J.Y., T.M., L.O., T.F., E.S.M., B.S.) and Institute for Advanced Medical Research and Training, College of Medicine (R.A.), University of Ibadan, Nigeria; WFNR-Blossom Specialist Medical Center, Ibadan, Nigeria (M.O., E.U.); Federal Teaching Hospital, Ido-Ekiti, Nigeria (P.O.); Department of Medicine, CRONICAS Center of Excellence in Chronic Diseases, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima, Peru (J.J.M.); Department of Neurology (W.F., R.S., B.O.) and Department of Public Health Sciences (M.G.), Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston; School of International Development and Global Studies, University of Ottawa, Ontario, Canada (S.Y.); Department of Family and Emergency Medicine, University of Montreal, Quebec, Canada (J.K.); Department of Public Health, Health Service Organization, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada (L.T.); Departments of Anesthesia/Pediatrics, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada (J.V.O.); Department of Health Research, Ministry of Health & Family Welfare, Government of India, New Delhi, India (P.M.); Sydney Medical School, University of Sydney, New South Wales, Australia (C.C., R.J.); Non Communicable Diseases Research Unit, South African Medical Research Council, Tygerberg, South Africa (A.K.); School of Clinical Sciences at Monash Health, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia (A.G.T.); Cardiovascular Global Health Division of Cardiology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC (G.S.B.); Global Alliance for Chronic Diseases, UCL Institute for Global Health, London, United Kingdom (G.P.); Department of Public Health, Academic Medical Centre, University of Amsterdam, The Netherlands (C.A.); Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Florence, Italy (P.A.M.); and Developmental Pathways for Health Research Unit, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa (S.N.).
authors.forename: Rohina
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Joshi
authors.affiliation: From the Department of Medicine and University College Hospital (M.O., J.Y., T.M., L.O., T.F., E.S.M., B.S.) and Institute for Advanced Medical Research and Training, College of Medicine (R.A.), University of Ibadan, Nigeria; WFNR-Blossom Specialist Medical Center, Ibadan, Nigeria (M.O., E.U.); Federal Teaching Hospital, Ido-Ekiti, Nigeria (P.O.); Department of Medicine, CRONICAS Center of Excellence in Chronic Diseases, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima, Peru (J.J.M.); Department of Neurology (W.F., R.S., B.O.) and Department of Public Health Sciences (M.G.), Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston; School of International Development and Global Studies, University of Ottawa, Ontario, Canada (S.Y.); Department of Family and Emergency Medicine, University of Montreal, Quebec, Canada (J.K.); Department of Public Health, Health Service Organization, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada (L.T.); Departments of Anesthesia/Pediatrics, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada (J.V.O.); Department of Health Research, Ministry of Health & Family Welfare, Government of India, New Delhi, India (P.M.); Sydney Medical School, University of Sydney, New South Wales, Australia (C.C., R.J.); Non Communicable Diseases Research Unit, South African Medical Research Council, Tygerberg, South Africa (A.K.); School of Clinical Sciences at Monash Health, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia (A.G.T.); Cardiovascular Global Health Division of Cardiology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC (G.S.B.); Global Alliance for Chronic Diseases, UCL Institute for Global Health, London, United Kingdom (G.P.); Department of Public Health, Academic Medical Centre, University of Amsterdam, The Netherlands (C.A.); Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Florence, Italy (P.A.M.); and Developmental Pathways for Health Research Unit, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa (S.N.).
authors.forename: Gerald S
authors.initials: GS
authors.lastname: Bloomfield
authors.affiliation: From the Department of Medicine and University College Hospital (M.O., J.Y., T.M., L.O., T.F., E.S.M., B.S.) and Institute for Advanced Medical Research and Training, College of Medicine (R.A.), University of Ibadan, Nigeria; WFNR-Blossom Specialist Medical Center, Ibadan, Nigeria (M.O., E.U.); Federal Teaching Hospital, Ido-Ekiti, Nigeria (P.O.); Department of Medicine, CRONICAS Center of Excellence in Chronic Diseases, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima, Peru (J.J.M.); Department of Neurology (W.F., R.S., B.O.) and Department of Public Health Sciences (M.G.), Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston; School of International Development and Global Studies, University of Ottawa, Ontario, Canada (S.Y.); Department of Family and Emergency Medicine, University of Montreal, Quebec, Canada (J.K.); Department of Public Health, Health Service Organization, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada (L.T.); Departments of Anesthesia/Pediatrics, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada (J.V.O.); Department of Health Research, Ministry of Health & Family Welfare, Government of India, New Delhi, India (P.M.); Sydney Medical School, University of Sydney, New South Wales, Australia (C.C., R.J.); Non Communicable Diseases Research Unit, South African Medical Research Council, Tygerberg, South Africa (A.K.); School of Clinical Sciences at Monash Health, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia (A.G.T.); Cardiovascular Global Health Division of Cardiology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC (G.S.B.); Global Alliance for Chronic Diseases, UCL Institute for Global Health, London, United Kingdom (G.P.); Department of Public Health, Academic Medical Centre, University of Amsterdam, The Netherlands (C.A.); Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Florence, Italy (P.A.M.); and Developmental Pathways for Health Research Unit, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa (S.N.).
authors.forename: Mulugeta
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Gebregziabher
authors.affiliation: From the Department of Medicine and University College Hospital (M.O., J.Y., T.M., L.O., T.F., E.S.M., B.S.) and Institute for Advanced Medical Research and Training, College of Medicine (R.A.), University of Ibadan, Nigeria; WFNR-Blossom Specialist Medical Center, Ibadan, Nigeria (M.O., E.U.); Federal Teaching Hospital, Ido-Ekiti, Nigeria (P.O.); Department of Medicine, CRONICAS Center of Excellence in Chronic Diseases, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima, Peru (J.J.M.); Department of Neurology (W.F., R.S., B.O.) and Department of Public Health Sciences (M.G.), Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston; School of International Development and Global Studies, University of Ottawa, Ontario, Canada (S.Y.); Department of Family and Emergency Medicine, University of Montreal, Quebec, Canada (J.K.); Department of Public Health, Health Service Organization, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada (L.T.); Departments of Anesthesia/Pediatrics, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada (J.V.O.); Department of Health Research, Ministry of Health & Family Welfare, Government of India, New Delhi, India (P.M.); Sydney Medical School, University of Sydney, New South Wales, Australia (C.C., R.J.); Non Communicable Diseases Research Unit, South African Medical Research Council, Tygerberg, South Africa (A.K.); School of Clinical Sciences at Monash Health, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia (A.G.T.); Cardiovascular Global Health Division of Cardiology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC (G.S.B.); Global Alliance for Chronic Diseases, UCL Institute for Global Health, London, United Kingdom (G.P.); Department of Public Health, Academic Medical Centre, University of Amsterdam, The Netherlands (C.A.); Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Florence, Italy (P.A.M.); and Developmental Pathways for Health Research Unit, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa (S.N.).
authors.forename: Gary
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Parker
authors.affiliation: From the Department of Medicine and University College Hospital (M.O., J.Y., T.M., L.O., T.F., E.S.M., B.S.) and Institute for Advanced Medical Research and Training, College of Medicine (R.A.), University of Ibadan, Nigeria; WFNR-Blossom Specialist Medical Center, Ibadan, Nigeria (M.O., E.U.); Federal Teaching Hospital, Ido-Ekiti, Nigeria (P.O.); Department of Medicine, CRONICAS Center of Excellence in Chronic Diseases, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima, Peru (J.J.M.); Department of Neurology (W.F., R.S., B.O.) and Department of Public Health Sciences (M.G.), Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston; School of International Development and Global Studies, University of Ottawa, Ontario, Canada (S.Y.); Department of Family and Emergency Medicine, University of Montreal, Quebec, Canada (J.K.); Department of Public Health, Health Service Organization, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada (L.T.); Departments of Anesthesia/Pediatrics, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada (J.V.O.); Department of Health Research, Ministry of Health & Family Welfare, Government of India, New Delhi, India (P.M.); Sydney Medical School, University of Sydney, New South Wales, Australia (C.C., R.J.); Non Communicable Diseases Research Unit, South African Medical Research Council, Tygerberg, South Africa (A.K.); School of Clinical Sciences at Monash Health, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia (A.G.T.); Cardiovascular Global Health Division of Cardiology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC (G.S.B.); Global Alliance for Chronic Diseases, UCL Institute for Global Health, London, United Kingdom (G.P.); Department of Public Health, Academic Medical Centre, University of Amsterdam, The Netherlands (C.A.); Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Florence, Italy (P.A.M.); and Developmental Pathways for Health Research Unit, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa (S.N.).
authors.forename: Charles
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Agyemang
authors.affiliation: From the Department of Medicine and University College Hospital (M.O., J.Y., T.M., L.O., T.F., E.S.M., B.S.) and Institute for Advanced Medical Research and Training, College of Medicine (R.A.), University of Ibadan, Nigeria; WFNR-Blossom Specialist Medical Center, Ibadan, Nigeria (M.O., E.U.); Federal Teaching Hospital, Ido-Ekiti, Nigeria (P.O.); Department of Medicine, CRONICAS Center of Excellence in Chronic Diseases, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima, Peru (J.J.M.); Department of Neurology (W.F., R.S., B.O.) and Department of Public Health Sciences (M.G.), Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston; School of International Development and Global Studies, University of Ottawa, Ontario, Canada (S.Y.); Department of Family and Emergency Medicine, University of Montreal, Quebec, Canada (J.K.); Department of Public Health, Health Service Organization, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada (L.T.); Departments of Anesthesia/Pediatrics, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada (J.V.O.); Department of Health Research, Ministry of Health & Family Welfare, Government of India, New Delhi, India (P.M.); Sydney Medical School, University of Sydney, New South Wales, Australia (C.C., R.J.); Non Communicable Diseases Research Unit, South African Medical Research Council, Tygerberg, South Africa (A.K.); School of Clinical Sciences at Monash Health, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia (A.G.T.); Cardiovascular Global Health Division of Cardiology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC (G.S.B.); Global Alliance for Chronic Diseases, UCL Institute for Global Health, London, United Kingdom (G.P.); Department of Public Health, Academic Medical Centre, University of Amsterdam, The Netherlands (C.A.); Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Florence, Italy (P.A.M.); and Developmental Pathways for Health Research Unit, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa (S.N.).
authors.forename: Pietro Amedeo
authors.initials: PA
authors.lastname: Modesti
authors.affiliation: From the Department of Medicine and University College Hospital (M.O., J.Y., T.M., L.O., T.F., E.S.M., B.S.) and Institute for Advanced Medical Research and Training, College of Medicine (R.A.), University of Ibadan, Nigeria; WFNR-Blossom Specialist Medical Center, Ibadan, Nigeria (M.O., E.U.); Federal Teaching Hospital, Ido-Ekiti, Nigeria (P.O.); Department of Medicine, CRONICAS Center of Excellence in Chronic Diseases, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima, Peru (J.J.M.); Department of Neurology (W.F., R.S., B.O.) and Department of Public Health Sciences (M.G.), Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston; School of International Development and Global Studies, University of Ottawa, Ontario, Canada (S.Y.); Department of Family and Emergency Medicine, University of Montreal, Quebec, Canada (J.K.); Department of Public Health, Health Service Organization, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada (L.T.); Departments of Anesthesia/Pediatrics, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada (J.V.O.); Department of Health Research, Ministry of Health & Family Welfare, Government of India, New Delhi, India (P.M.); Sydney Medical School, University of Sydney, New South Wales, Australia (C.C., R.J.); Non Communicable Diseases Research Unit, South African Medical Research Council, Tygerberg, South Africa (A.K.); School of Clinical Sciences at Monash Health, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia (A.G.T.); Cardiovascular Global Health Division of Cardiology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC (G.S.B.); Global Alliance for Chronic Diseases, UCL Institute for Global Health, London, United Kingdom (G.P.); Department of Public Health, Academic Medical Centre, University of Amsterdam, The Netherlands (C.A.); Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Florence, Italy (P.A.M.); and Developmental Pathways for Health Research Unit, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa (S.N.).
authors.forename: Shane
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Norris
authors.affiliation: From the Department of Medicine and University College Hospital (M.O., J.Y., T.M., L.O., T.F., E.S.M., B.S.) and Institute for Advanced Medical Research and Training, College of Medicine (R.A.), University of Ibadan, Nigeria; WFNR-Blossom Specialist Medical Center, Ibadan, Nigeria (M.O., E.U.); Federal Teaching Hospital, Ido-Ekiti, Nigeria (P.O.); Department of Medicine, CRONICAS Center of Excellence in Chronic Diseases, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima, Peru (J.J.M.); Department of Neurology (W.F., R.S., B.O.) and Department of Public Health Sciences (M.G.), Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston; School of International Development and Global Studies, University of Ottawa, Ontario, Canada (S.Y.); Department of Family and Emergency Medicine, University of Montreal, Quebec, Canada (J.K.); Department of Public Health, Health Service Organization, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada (L.T.); Departments of Anesthesia/Pediatrics, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada (J.V.O.); Department of Health Research, Ministry of Health & Family Welfare, Government of India, New Delhi, India (P.M.); Sydney Medical School, University of Sydney, New South Wales, Australia (C.C., R.J.); Non Communicable Diseases Research Unit, South African Medical Research Council, Tygerberg, South Africa (A.K.); School of Clinical Sciences at Monash Health, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia (A.G.T.); Cardiovascular Global Health Division of Cardiology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC (G.S.B.); Global Alliance for Chronic Diseases, UCL Institute for Global Health, London, United Kingdom (G.P.); Department of Public Health, Academic Medical Centre, University of Amsterdam, The Netherlands (C.A.); Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Florence, Italy (P.A.M.); and Developmental Pathways for Health Research Unit, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa (S.N.).
authors.forename: Luqman
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Ogunjimi
authors.affiliation: From the Department of Medicine and University College Hospital (M.O., J.Y., T.M., L.O., T.F., E.S.M., B.S.) and Institute for Advanced Medical Research and Training, College of Medicine (R.A.), University of Ibadan, Nigeria; WFNR-Blossom Specialist Medical Center, Ibadan, Nigeria (M.O., E.U.); Federal Teaching Hospital, Ido-Ekiti, Nigeria (P.O.); Department of Medicine, CRONICAS Center of Excellence in Chronic Diseases, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima, Peru (J.J.M.); Department of Neurology (W.F., R.S., B.O.) and Department of Public Health Sciences (M.G.), Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston; School of International Development and Global Studies, University of Ottawa, Ontario, Canada (S.Y.); Department of Family and Emergency Medicine, University of Montreal, Quebec, Canada (J.K.); Department of Public Health, Health Service Organization, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada (L.T.); Departments of Anesthesia/Pediatrics, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada (J.V.O.); Department of Health Research, Ministry of Health & Family Welfare, Government of India, New Delhi, India (P.M.); Sydney Medical School, University of Sydney, New South Wales, Australia (C.C., R.J.); Non Communicable Diseases Research Unit, South African Medical Research Council, Tygerberg, South Africa (A.K.); School of Clinical Sciences at Monash Health, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia (A.G.T.); Cardiovascular Global Health Division of Cardiology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC (G.S.B.); Global Alliance for Chronic Diseases, UCL Institute for Global Health, London, United Kingdom (G.P.); Department of Public Health, Academic Medical Centre, University of Amsterdam, The Netherlands (C.A.); Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Florence, Italy (P.A.M.); and Developmental Pathways for Health Research Unit, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa (S.N.).
authors.forename: Temitope
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Farombi
authors.affiliation: From the Department of Medicine and University College Hospital (M.O., J.Y., T.M., L.O., T.F., E.S.M., B.S.) and Institute for Advanced Medical Research and Training, College of Medicine (R.A.), University of Ibadan, Nigeria; WFNR-Blossom Specialist Medical Center, Ibadan, Nigeria (M.O., E.U.); Federal Teaching Hospital, Ido-Ekiti, Nigeria (P.O.); Department of Medicine, CRONICAS Center of Excellence in Chronic Diseases, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima, Peru (J.J.M.); Department of Neurology (W.F., R.S., B.O.) and Department of Public Health Sciences (M.G.), Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston; School of International Development and Global Studies, University of Ottawa, Ontario, Canada (S.Y.); Department of Family and Emergency Medicine, University of Montreal, Quebec, Canada (J.K.); Department of Public Health, Health Service Organization, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada (L.T.); Departments of Anesthesia/Pediatrics, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada (J.V.O.); Department of Health Research, Ministry of Health & Family Welfare, Government of India, New Delhi, India (P.M.); Sydney Medical School, University of Sydney, New South Wales, Australia (C.C., R.J.); Non Communicable Diseases Research Unit, South African Medical Research Council, Tygerberg, South Africa (A.K.); School of Clinical Sciences at Monash Health, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia (A.G.T.); Cardiovascular Global Health Division of Cardiology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC (G.S.B.); Global Alliance for Chronic Diseases, UCL Institute for Global Health, London, United Kingdom (G.P.); Department of Public Health, Academic Medical Centre, University of Amsterdam, The Netherlands (C.A.); Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Florence, Italy (P.A.M.); and Developmental Pathways for Health Research Unit, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa (S.N.).
authors.forename: Ezinne Sylvia
authors.initials: ES
authors.lastname: Melikam
authors.affiliation: From the Department of Medicine and University College Hospital (M.O., J.Y., T.M., L.O., T.F., E.S.M., B.S.) and Institute for Advanced Medical Research and Training, College of Medicine (R.A.), University of Ibadan, Nigeria; WFNR-Blossom Specialist Medical Center, Ibadan, Nigeria (M.O., E.U.); Federal Teaching Hospital, Ido-Ekiti, Nigeria (P.O.); Department of Medicine, CRONICAS Center of Excellence in Chronic Diseases, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima, Peru (J.J.M.); Department of Neurology (W.F., R.S., B.O.) and Department of Public Health Sciences (M.G.), Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston; School of International Development and Global Studies, University of Ottawa, Ontario, Canada (S.Y.); Department of Family and Emergency Medicine, University of Montreal, Quebec, Canada (J.K.); Department of Public Health, Health Service Organization, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada (L.T.); Departments of Anesthesia/Pediatrics, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada (J.V.O.); Department of Health Research, Ministry of Health & Family Welfare, Government of India, New Delhi, India (P.M.); Sydney Medical School, University of Sydney, New South Wales, Australia (C.C., R.J.); Non Communicable Diseases Research Unit, South African Medical Research Council, Tygerberg, South Africa (A.K.); School of Clinical Sciences at Monash Health, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia (A.G.T.); Cardiovascular Global Health Division of Cardiology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC (G.S.B.); Global Alliance for Chronic Diseases, UCL Institute for Global Health, London, United Kingdom (G.P.); Department of Public Health, Academic Medical Centre, University of Amsterdam, The Netherlands (C.A.); Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Florence, Italy (P.A.M.); and Developmental Pathways for Health Research Unit, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa (S.N.).
authors.forename: Ezinne
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Uvere
authors.affiliation: From the Department of Medicine and University College Hospital (M.O., J.Y., T.M., L.O., T.F., E.S.M., B.S.) and Institute for Advanced Medical Research and Training, College of Medicine (R.A.), University of Ibadan, Nigeria; WFNR-Blossom Specialist Medical Center, Ibadan, Nigeria (M.O., E.U.); Federal Teaching Hospital, Ido-Ekiti, Nigeria (P.O.); Department of Medicine, CRONICAS Center of Excellence in Chronic Diseases, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima, Peru (J.J.M.); Department of Neurology (W.F., R.S., B.O.) and Department of Public Health Sciences (M.G.), Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston; School of International Development and Global Studies, University of Ottawa, Ontario, Canada (S.Y.); Department of Family and Emergency Medicine, University of Montreal, Quebec, Canada (J.K.); Department of Public Health, Health Service Organization, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada (L.T.); Departments of Anesthesia/Pediatrics, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada (J.V.O.); Department of Health Research, Ministry of Health & Family Welfare, Government of India, New Delhi, India (P.M.); Sydney Medical School, University of Sydney, New South Wales, Australia (C.C., R.J.); Non Communicable Diseases Research Unit, South African Medical Research Council, Tygerberg, South Africa (A.K.); School of Clinical Sciences at Monash Health, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia (A.G.T.); Cardiovascular Global Health Division of Cardiology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC (G.S.B.); Global Alliance for Chronic Diseases, UCL Institute for Global Health, London, United Kingdom (G.P.); Department of Public Health, Academic Medical Centre, University of Amsterdam, The Netherlands (C.A.); Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Florence, Italy (P.A.M.); and Developmental Pathways for Health Research Unit, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa (S.N.).
authors.forename: Babatunde
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Salako
authors.affiliation: From the Department of Medicine and University College Hospital (M.O., J.Y., T.M., L.O., T.F., E.S.M., B.S.) and Institute for Advanced Medical Research and Training, College of Medicine (R.A.), University of Ibadan, Nigeria; WFNR-Blossom Specialist Medical Center, Ibadan, Nigeria (M.O., E.U.); Federal Teaching Hospital, Ido-Ekiti, Nigeria (P.O.); Department of Medicine, CRONICAS Center of Excellence in Chronic Diseases, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima, Peru (J.J.M.); Department of Neurology (W.F., R.S., B.O.) and Department of Public Health Sciences (M.G.), Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston; School of International Development and Global Studies, University of Ottawa, Ontario, Canada (S.Y.); Department of Family and Emergency Medicine, University of Montreal, Quebec, Canada (J.K.); Department of Public Health, Health Service Organization, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada (L.T.); Departments of Anesthesia/Pediatrics, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada (J.V.O.); Department of Health Research, Ministry of Health & Family Welfare, Government of India, New Delhi, India (P.M.); Sydney Medical School, University of Sydney, New South Wales, Australia (C.C., R.J.); Non Communicable Diseases Research Unit, South African Medical Research Council, Tygerberg, South Africa (A.K.); School of Clinical Sciences at Monash Health, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia (A.G.T.); Cardiovascular Global Health Division of Cardiology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC (G.S.B.); Global Alliance for Chronic Diseases, UCL Institute for Global Health, London, United Kingdom (G.P.); Department of Public Health, Academic Medical Centre, University of Amsterdam, The Netherlands (C.A.); Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Florence, Italy (P.A.M.); and Developmental Pathways for Health Research Unit, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa (S.N.).
authors.forename: Bruce
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Ovbiagele
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D019049:Developed Countries; D003906:Developing Countries; D017048:Health Care Costs; D006282:Health Personnel / Q000191:economics; D006297:Health Services Accessibility / Q000191:economics*; D006801:Humans; D006973:Hypertension / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000453:epidemiology; D007182:Income; D038622:Internationality; D008875:Middle Aged; D017410:Practice Guidelines as Topic