title: Molecular epidemiology and evolution of A(H1N1) pdm09 and H3N2 viruses in Jordan, 2011-2013.
abstract: Understanding the genetic evolution of A(H1N1)pdm09 and H3N2 viruses can help better select strains to be included in the annual influenza vaccine. There is little information on their evolution in Jordan so this study investigated the genetic and antigenic variability of A(H1N1)pdm09 and H3N2 viruses in Jordan by performing phylogenetic and genetic analyses of the HA and NA genes of A(H1N1)pdm09 and H3N2 viruses between 2011 and 2013. The full HA and NA genes of 16 H1N1-positive samples obtained in our study and 21 published HA sequences and 20 published NA sequences from Jordanian viruses that were available on online gene databases were analysed. For H3N2, we generated 20 HA and 19 NA sequences and included 19 published HA and NA sequences each in the analysis. Jordanian H1N1 viruses had mutations that are characteristic of antigenic group 6 while H3N2 virus mutations belonged to group 3. No markers of resistance to oseltamivir were detected. The individual mutations are described in detail.
authors.affiliation: Centre of Excellence for Influenza Viruses, National Research Centre, Giza, Egypt.
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: El Shesheny
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatrics, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee, United States of America.
authors.forename: N B
authors.initials: NB
authors.lastname: Halasa
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatrics, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States of America.
authors.forename: J V
authors.initials: JV
authors.lastname: Williams
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathology-Microbiology, University of Jordan, Amman, Jordan.
authors.forename: A A
authors.initials: AA
authors.lastname: Shehabi
authors.affiliation: Paediatric Division, Ministry of Health, Amman, Jordan.
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Faouri
authors.affiliation: Human Link, Baabda, Beirut, Lebanon.
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Kayali
authors.affiliation: Department of Paediatrics and Division of Paediatric Infectious Diseases. University of Jordan, Amman, Jordans.
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Khuri-Bulos
mesh_terms: D019143:Evolution, Molecular; D006801:Humans; D053118:Influenza A Virus, H1N1 Subtype / Q000235:genetics*; D053122:Influenza A Virus, H3N2 Subtype / Q000235:genetics*; D007251:Influenza, Human / Q000453:epidemiology; D007597:Jordan / Q000453:epidemiology; D017720:Molecular Epidemiology