title: Generation and evaluation of a genetically attenuated Newcastle disease virus rGM-VIIm as a genotype-matched vaccine.
abstract: Despite intensive vaccination campaigns, outbreaks of Newcastle disease (ND) have been frequently reported in China, especially of genotype VII that first emerged in the late 1990s. Given the dire need for vaccines against the circulating genotype VII virus, we developed an alternative method to recover a highly virulent recombinant GM (rGM) virus that involves a T7 system with a hammerhead ribozyme sequence introduced downstream of the T7 promoter. By changing the F0polybasic cleavage site RRQKR↓F to the monobasic GRQGR↓L, we generated a mutant virus (rGM-VIIm) that was found to be highly attenuated in chickens. The rGM-VIIm virus not only produced fourfold higher hemagglutination assay (HA) titers than the parental virus, but also exhibited genetic stability after 15 continuous passages in specific-pathogen-free (SPF) embryonated eggs. Whether live or inactivated, rGM-VIIm and LaSota vaccines can protect vaccinated birds from GM challenge infection. However, live and inactivated rGM-VIIm vaccines reduced virus shedding of the homologous challenge virus significantly better than the LaSota virus vaccine did. Altogether, our results suggest that rGM-VIIm vaccines could aid in the control of ND in China.
authors.affiliation: College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, 483 Wushan Road, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.|National and Regional Joint Engineering Laboratory for Medicament of Zoonosis Prevention and Control, Guangzhou, China.|Key Laboratory of Animal Vaccine Development, Ministry of Agriculture, Guangzhou, China.|Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Prevention and Control of Guangdong Province, Guangzhou, China.|Guangdong Open Laboratory of Veterinary Public Health, Institute of Animal Health, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Baishigang Road, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.
authors.forename: Minhua
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Sun
authors.affiliation: College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, 483 Wushan Road, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.|National and Regional Joint Engineering Laboratory for Medicament of Zoonosis Prevention and Control, Guangzhou, China.|Key Laboratory of Animal Vaccine Development, Ministry of Agriculture, Guangzhou, China.|Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Prevention and Control of Guangdong Province, Guangzhou, China.
authors.forename: Bin
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Xiang
authors.affiliation: College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, 483 Wushan Road, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.|National and Regional Joint Engineering Laboratory for Medicament of Zoonosis Prevention and Control, Guangzhou, China.|Key Laboratory of Animal Vaccine Development, Ministry of Agriculture, Guangzhou, China.|Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Prevention and Control of Guangdong Province, Guangzhou, China.
authors.forename: Yaling
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, 483 Wushan Road, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.|National and Regional Joint Engineering Laboratory for Medicament of Zoonosis Prevention and Control, Guangzhou, China.|Key Laboratory of Animal Vaccine Development, Ministry of Agriculture, Guangzhou, China.|Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Prevention and Control of Guangdong Province, Guangzhou, China.
authors.forename: Peng
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Xie
authors.affiliation: College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, 483 Wushan Road, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.|National and Regional Joint Engineering Laboratory for Medicament of Zoonosis Prevention and Control, Guangzhou, China.|Key Laboratory of Animal Vaccine Development, Ministry of Agriculture, Guangzhou, China.|Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Prevention and Control of Guangdong Province, Guangzhou, China.|College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shanxi Agricultural University, Tailuo Road, Taigu, Shanxi, China.
authors.forename: Shimin
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Gao
authors.affiliation: College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, 483 Wushan Road, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.|National and Regional Joint Engineering Laboratory for Medicament of Zoonosis Prevention and Control, Guangzhou, China.|Key Laboratory of Animal Vaccine Development, Ministry of Agriculture, Guangzhou, China.|Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Prevention and Control of Guangdong Province, Guangzhou, China.|Institute of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, China.
authors.forename: Yinfeng
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Kang
authors.affiliation: College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, 483 Wushan Road, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.|National and Regional Joint Engineering Laboratory for Medicament of Zoonosis Prevention and Control, Guangzhou, China.|Key Laboratory of Animal Vaccine Development, Ministry of Agriculture, Guangzhou, China.|Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Prevention and Control of Guangdong Province, Guangzhou, China.
authors.forename: Pei
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Gao
authors.affiliation: College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, 483 Wushan Road, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.|National and Regional Joint Engineering Laboratory for Medicament of Zoonosis Prevention and Control, Guangzhou, China.|Key Laboratory of Animal Vaccine Development, Ministry of Agriculture, Guangzhou, China.|Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Prevention and Control of Guangdong Province, Guangzhou, China.
authors.forename: Yanling
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, 483 Wushan Road, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.|National and Regional Joint Engineering Laboratory for Medicament of Zoonosis Prevention and Control, Guangzhou, China.|Key Laboratory of Animal Vaccine Development, Ministry of Agriculture, Guangzhou, China.|Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Prevention and Control of Guangdong Province, Guangzhou, China.|College of Animal Science, Yangtze University, 88 Jing Mi Road, Jingzhou, Hubei, China.
authors.forename: Zhaoxiong
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, 483 Wushan Road, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.|National and Regional Joint Engineering Laboratory for Medicament of Zoonosis Prevention and Control, Guangzhou, China.|Key Laboratory of Animal Vaccine Development, Ministry of Agriculture, Guangzhou, China.|Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Prevention and Control of Guangdong Province, Guangzhou, China.
authors.forename: Jianpeng
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Liang
authors.affiliation: College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, 483 Wushan Road, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.|National and Regional Joint Engineering Laboratory for Medicament of Zoonosis Prevention and Control, Guangzhou, China.|Key Laboratory of Animal Vaccine Development, Ministry of Agriculture, Guangzhou, China.|Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Prevention and Control of Guangdong Province, Guangzhou, China.
authors.forename: Deshui
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Yu
authors.affiliation: College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, 483 Wushan Road, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China. rentao6868@126.com.|National and Regional Joint Engineering Laboratory for Medicament of Zoonosis Prevention and Control, Guangzhou, China. rentao6868@126.com.|Key Laboratory of Animal Vaccine Development, Ministry of Agriculture, Guangzhou, China. rentao6868@126.com.|Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Prevention and Control of Guangdong Province, Guangzhou, China. rentao6868@126.com.
authors.forename: Tao
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Ren
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000914:Antibodies, Viral / Q000097:blood / Q000276:immunology; D002645:Chickens; D018076:DNA, Complementary; D023061:Gene Order; D016679:Genome, Viral; D005838:Genotype; D007114:Immunization; D009154:Mutation; D009521:Newcastle Disease / Q000276:immunology / Q000517:prevention & control* / Q000821:virology; D009522:Newcastle disease virus / Q000235:genetics* / Q000276:immunology*; D014613:Vaccines, Attenuated; D019562:Viral Load; D014765:Viral Vaccines / Q000235:genetics* / Q000276:immunology*; D014774:Virulence; D014779:Virus Replication; D017201:Virus Shedding
chemical_list: D000914:Antibodies, Viral; D018076:DNA, Complementary; D014613:Vaccines, Attenuated; D014765:Viral Vaccines
keywords: Genotype VII; Newcastle disease virus; Reverse genetics; Vaccine