title: The integrative role of cryo electron microscopy in molecular and cellular structural biology.
abstract: After gradually moving away from preparation methods prone to artefacts such as plastic embedding and negative staining for cell sections and single particles, the field of cryo electron microscopy (cryo-EM) is now heading off at unprecedented speed towards high-resolution analysis of biological objects of various sizes. This 'revolution in resolution' is happening largely thanks to new developments of new-generation cameras used for recording the images in the cryo electron microscope which have much increased sensitivity being based on complementary metal oxide semiconductor devices. Combined with advanced image processing and 3D reconstruction, the cryo-EM analysis of nucleoprotein complexes can provide unprecedented insights at molecular and atomic levels and address regulatory mechanisms in the cell. These advances reinforce the integrative role of cryo-EM in synergy with other methods such as X-ray crystallography, fluorescence imaging or focussed-ion beam milling as exemplified here by some recent studies from our laboratory on ribosomes, viruses, chromatin and nuclear receptors. Such multi-scale and multi-resolution approaches allow integrating molecular and cellular levels when applied to purified or in situ macromolecular complexes, thus illustrating the trend of the field towards cellular structural biology.
authors.affiliation: Centre for Integrative Biology (CBI), Department of Integrated Structural Biology, IGBMC (Institute of Genetics and of Molecular and Cellular Biology), Illkirch, France.|Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS) UMR 7104, Illkirch, France.|Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM) U964, Illkirch, France.|Université de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France.
authors.forename: Igor
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Orlov
authors.affiliation: Centre for Integrative Biology (CBI), Department of Integrated Structural Biology, IGBMC (Institute of Genetics and of Molecular and Cellular Biology), Illkirch, France.|Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS) UMR 7104, Illkirch, France.|Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM) U964, Illkirch, France.|Université de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France.
authors.forename: Alexander G
authors.initials: AG
authors.lastname: Myasnikov
authors.affiliation: Centre for Integrative Biology (CBI), Department of Integrated Structural Biology, IGBMC (Institute of Genetics and of Molecular and Cellular Biology), Illkirch, France.|Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS) UMR 7104, Illkirch, France.|Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM) U964, Illkirch, France.|Université de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France.
authors.forename: Leonid
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Andronov
authors.affiliation: Centre for Integrative Biology (CBI), Department of Integrated Structural Biology, IGBMC (Institute of Genetics and of Molecular and Cellular Biology), Illkirch, France.|Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS) UMR 7104, Illkirch, France.|Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM) U964, Illkirch, France.|Université de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France.
authors.forename: S Kundhavai
authors.initials: SK
authors.lastname: Natchiar
authors.affiliation: Centre for Integrative Biology (CBI), Department of Integrated Structural Biology, IGBMC (Institute of Genetics and of Molecular and Cellular Biology), Illkirch, France.|Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS) UMR 7104, Illkirch, France.|Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM) U964, Illkirch, France.|Université de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France.
authors.forename: Heena
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Khatter
authors.affiliation: Centre for Integrative Biology (CBI), Department of Integrated Structural Biology, IGBMC (Institute of Genetics and of Molecular and Cellular Biology), Illkirch, France.|Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS) UMR 7104, Illkirch, France.|Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM) U964, Illkirch, France.|Université de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France.
authors.forename: Brice
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Beinsteiner
authors.affiliation: Centre for Integrative Biology (CBI), Department of Integrated Structural Biology, IGBMC (Institute of Genetics and of Molecular and Cellular Biology), Illkirch, France.|Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS) UMR 7104, Illkirch, France.|Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM) U964, Illkirch, France.|Université de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France.
authors.forename: Jean-François
authors.initials: JF
authors.lastname: Ménétret
authors.affiliation: Centre for Integrative Biology (CBI), Department of Integrated Structural Biology, IGBMC (Institute of Genetics and of Molecular and Cellular Biology), Illkirch, France.|Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS) UMR 7104, Illkirch, France.|Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM) U964, Illkirch, France.|Université de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France.
authors.forename: Isabelle
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Hazemann
authors.affiliation: Centre for Integrative Biology (CBI), Department of Integrated Structural Biology, IGBMC (Institute of Genetics and of Molecular and Cellular Biology), Illkirch, France.|Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS) UMR 7104, Illkirch, France.|Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM) U964, Illkirch, France.|Université de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France.
authors.forename: Kareem
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Mohideen
authors.affiliation: Centre for Integrative Biology (CBI), Department of Integrated Structural Biology, IGBMC (Institute of Genetics and of Molecular and Cellular Biology), Illkirch, France.|Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS) UMR 7104, Illkirch, France.|Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM) U964, Illkirch, France.|Université de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France.
authors.forename: Karima
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Tazibt
authors.affiliation: Centre for Integrative Biology (CBI), Department of Integrated Structural Biology, IGBMC (Institute of Genetics and of Molecular and Cellular Biology), Illkirch, France.|Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS) UMR 7104, Illkirch, France.|Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM) U964, Illkirch, France.|Université de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France.
authors.forename: Rachel
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Tabaroni
authors.affiliation: Centre for Integrative Biology (CBI), Department of Integrated Structural Biology, IGBMC (Institute of Genetics and of Molecular and Cellular Biology), Illkirch, France.|Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS) UMR 7104, Illkirch, France.|Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM) U964, Illkirch, France.|Université de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France.
authors.forename: Hanna
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Kratzat
authors.affiliation: Centre for Integrative Biology (CBI), Department of Integrated Structural Biology, IGBMC (Institute of Genetics and of Molecular and Cellular Biology), Illkirch, France.|Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS) UMR 7104, Illkirch, France.|Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM) U964, Illkirch, France.|Université de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France.
authors.forename: Nadia
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Djabeur
authors.affiliation: Centre for Integrative Biology (CBI), Department of Integrated Structural Biology, IGBMC (Institute of Genetics and of Molecular and Cellular Biology), Illkirch, France.|Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS) UMR 7104, Illkirch, France.|Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM) U964, Illkirch, France.|Université de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France.
authors.forename: Tatiana
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Bruxelles
authors.affiliation: Centre for Integrative Biology (CBI), Department of Integrated Structural Biology, IGBMC (Institute of Genetics and of Molecular and Cellular Biology), Illkirch, France.|Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS) UMR 7104, Illkirch, France.|Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM) U964, Illkirch, France.|Université de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France.
authors.forename: Finaritra
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Raivoniaina
authors.affiliation: Centre for Integrative Biology (CBI), Department of Integrated Structural Biology, IGBMC (Institute of Genetics and of Molecular and Cellular Biology), Illkirch, France.|Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS) UMR 7104, Illkirch, France.|Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM) U964, Illkirch, France.|Université de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France.
authors.forename: Lorenza di
authors.initials: LD
authors.lastname: Pompeo
authors.affiliation: Centre for Integrative Biology (CBI), Department of Integrated Structural Biology, IGBMC (Institute of Genetics and of Molecular and Cellular Biology), Illkirch, France.|Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS) UMR 7104, Illkirch, France.|Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM) U964, Illkirch, France.|Université de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France.
authors.forename: Morgan
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Torchy
authors.affiliation: Centre for Integrative Biology (CBI), Department of Integrated Structural Biology, IGBMC (Institute of Genetics and of Molecular and Cellular Biology), Illkirch, France.|Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS) UMR 7104, Illkirch, France.|Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM) U964, Illkirch, France.|Université de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France.
authors.forename: Isabelle
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Billas
authors.affiliation: Centre for Integrative Biology (CBI), Department of Integrated Structural Biology, IGBMC (Institute of Genetics and of Molecular and Cellular Biology), Illkirch, France.|Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS) UMR 7104, Illkirch, France.|Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM) U964, Illkirch, France.|Université de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France.
authors.forename: Alexandre
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Urzhumtsev
authors.affiliation: Centre for Integrative Biology (CBI), Department of Integrated Structural Biology, IGBMC (Institute of Genetics and of Molecular and Cellular Biology), Illkirch, France.|Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS) UMR 7104, Illkirch, France.|Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM) U964, Illkirch, France.|Université de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France.
authors.forename: Bruno P
authors.initials: BP
authors.lastname: Klaholz
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D020285:Cryoelectron Microscopy; D018360:Crystallography, X-Ray; D006801:Humans; D046911:Macromolecular Substances / Q000648:ultrastructure; D008958:Models, Molecular; D008968:Molecular Conformation; D000072760:Single Molecule Imaging; D014054:Tomography
chemical_list: D046911:Macromolecular Substances
keywords: Crystallography; Structural biology; Super-resolution microscopy; cryo electron microscopy; cryo electron tomography