title: The real-time prediction and inhibition of linguistic outcomes: Effects of language and literacy skill.
abstract: Recent studies have found considerable individual variation in language comprehenders' predictive behaviors, as revealed by their anticipatory eye movements during language comprehension. The current study investigated the relationship between these predictive behaviors and the language and literacy skills of a diverse, community-based sample of young adults. We found that rapid automatized naming (RAN) was a key determinant of comprehenders' prediction ability (e.g., as reflected in predictive eye movements to a white cake on hearing "The boy will eat the white…"). Simultaneously, comprehension-based measures predicted participants' ability to inhibit eye movements to objects that shared features with predictable referents but were implausible completions (e.g., as reflected in eye movements to a white but inedible white car). These findings suggest that the excitatory and inhibitory mechanisms that support prediction during language processing are closely linked with specific cognitive abilities that support literacy. We show that a self-organizing cognitive architecture captures this pattern of results.
authors.affiliation: Division of Psychology, De Montfort University, Leicester, United Kingdom. Electronic address: anuenue.baker-kukona@dmu.ac.uk.
authors.forename: Anuenue
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Kukona
authors.affiliation: Haskins Laboratories, New Haven, CT, United States.
authors.forename: David
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Braze
authors.affiliation: Haskins Laboratories, New Haven, CT, United States.
authors.forename: Clinton L
authors.initials: CL
authors.lastname: Johns
authors.affiliation: Haskins Laboratories, New Haven, CT, United States.
authors.forename: W Einar
authors.initials: WE
authors.lastname: Mencl
authors.affiliation: Haskins Laboratories, New Haven, CT, United States.
authors.forename: Julie A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Van Dyke
authors.affiliation: Haskins Laboratories, New Haven, CT, United States; Department of Psychology, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT, United States.
authors.forename: James S
authors.initials: JS
authors.lastname: Magnuson
authors.affiliation: Haskins Laboratories, New Haven, CT, United States; Department of Psychology, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT, United States.
authors.forename: Kenneth R
authors.initials: KR
authors.lastname: Pugh
authors.affiliation: Haskins Laboratories, New Haven, CT, United States; Department of Psychology, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT, United States.
authors.forename: Donald P
authors.initials: DP
authors.lastname: Shankweiler
authors.affiliation: Haskins Laboratories, New Haven, CT, United States; Department of Psychology, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT, United States.
authors.forename: Whitney
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Tabor
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001076:Aptitude; D032882:Comprehension; D003199:Computer Systems; D005133:Eye Movements / Q000502:physiology; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007206:Individuality; D007802:Language; D000067010:Literacy; D008297:Male; D011578:Psycholinguistics; D011932:Reading
keywords: Anticipation; Individual differences; Language comprehension; Rapid automatized naming (RAN); Sentence processing; Visual world paradigm