title: Nanoradiopharmaceuticals for breast cancer imaging: development, characterization, and imaging in inducted animals.
abstract: Monoclonal antibodies as polymeric nanoparticles are quite interesting and endow this new drug category with many advantages, especially by reducing the number of adverse reactions and, in the case of radiopharmaceuticals, also reducing the amount of radiation (dose) administered to the patient. In this study, a nanoradiopharmaceutical was developed using polylactic acid (PLA)/polyvinyl alcohol (PVA)/montmorillonite (MMT)/trastuzumab nanoparticles labeled with technetium-99m (99mTc) for breast cancer imaging. In order to confirm the nanoparticle formation, atomic force microscopy and dynamic light scattering were performed. Cytotoxicity of the nanoparticle and biodistribution with 99mTc in healthy and inducted animals were also measured. The results from atomic force microscopy showed that the nanoparticles were spherical, with a size range of ~200-500 nm. The dynamic light scattering analysis demonstrated that over 90% of the nanoparticles produced had a size of 287 nm with a zeta potential of -14,6 mV. The cytotoxicity results demonstrated that the nanoparticles were capable of reaching breast cancer cells. The biodistribution data demonstrated that the PLA/PVA/MMT/trastuzumab nanoparticles labeled with 99mTc have great renal clearance and also a high uptake by the lesion, as ~45% of the PLA/PVA/MMT/trastuzumab nanoparticles injected were taken up by the lesion. The data support PLA/PVA/MMT/trastuzumab labeled with 99mTc nanoparticles as nanoradiopharmaceuticals for breast cancer imaging.
authors.affiliation: Instituto de Macromoléculas Professora Eloisa Mano Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil; Laboratory of Medical Investigation, Faculty of Medicine, São Paulo University, São Paulo, Brazil.
authors.forename: Michelle Alvares
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Sarcinelli
authors.affiliation: Radiopharmacy Sector, University Hospital Clementino Fraga Filho, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
authors.forename: Marta de Souza
authors.initials: MS
authors.lastname: Albernaz
authors.affiliation: Department of Thermobiology, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland.
authors.forename: Marzena
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Szwed
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Medical Investigation, Faculty of Medicine, São Paulo University, São Paulo, Brazil.
authors.forename: Alexandre
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Iscaife
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Medical Investigation, Faculty of Medicine, São Paulo University, São Paulo, Brazil.
authors.forename: Kátia Ramos Moreira
authors.initials: KR
authors.lastname: Leite
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Experimental Oncology, Faculty of Medicine, São Paulo University, São Paulo, Brazil.
authors.forename: Mara de Souza
authors.initials: MS
authors.lastname: Junqueira
authors.affiliation: Radiopharmacy Center, Instituto de Pesquisas Energéticas e Nucleares (IPEN), São Paulo, Brazil.
authors.forename: Emerson Soares
authors.initials: ES
authors.lastname: Bernardes
authors.affiliation: Instituto de Macromoléculas Professora Eloisa Mano Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
authors.forename: Emerson Oliveira
authors.initials: EO
authors.lastname: da Silva
authors.affiliation: Instituto de Macromoléculas Professora Eloisa Mano Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
authors.forename: Maria Ines Bruno
authors.initials: MI
authors.lastname: Tavares
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Nanoradiopharmaceuticals, Zona Oeste State University, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
authors.forename: Ralph
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Santos-Oliveira
keywords: breast cancer; molecular imaging; nanomedicine; nanotechnology; nuclear pharmacy; oncology; radiopharmaceuticals