title: Burn wound healing activity of Lythrum salicaria L. and Hypericum scabrum L.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Burns are complicated traumatic injuries caused by several physical or chemical factors. Plants with a wide range of secondary metabolites, with valuable properties like antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities, can be a promising source of wound healing agents.
  
  
  METHODS
  Effects of hydromethanolic extracts of Lythrum salicaria and Hypericum scabrum, individually and in combination, were assessed in second-degree burn wounds in rats in comparison to a white oleaginous base (negative control) and silver sulfadiazine (positive control). Histological assessments as well as total thiol molecules, lipid peroxidation, and total antioxidant power were evaluated in skin tissue samples. Total phenol, flavonoids, and tannins along with the antioxidant and antimicrobial activities of the extracts were also assessed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Total phenol, total flavonoid, and total tannin amounts for L. salicaria and H. scabrum were 331 ± 3.7 and 308.1 ± 5.2 µg gallic acid/mg extract, 5.8 ± 0.4 and 4.3 ± 0.3 µg quercetin/mg extract, and 430 ± 2.33 and 13.4 ± 0.5 µg tannic acid/mg extract, respectively. H. scabrum significantly inhibited S. aureus and L. salicaria moderately suppressed Staphylococcus aureus and Candida albicans growth. Wound contraction percentage with L. salicaria and H. scabrum was 89.5 ± 3.7 and 77.6 ± 4.1, respectively. A well-organized epidermal layer and normal appearance in dermis layer were more observable in the L. salicaria group. Moreover, L. salicaria ointment individually displayed better influence on tissue oxidative stress parameters than H. scabrum and the negative control (P < 0.05).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Results of this study clearly confirm the effectiveness of L. salicaria topical ointment as a wound healing agent, possibly due to the considerable polyphenolic content and antioxidant properties.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy and Persian Medicine and Pharmacy Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
authors.forename: Fatemeh
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Vafi
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy and Persian Medicine and Pharmacy Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
authors.forename: Roodabeh
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Bahramsoltani
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences.
authors.forename: Mohammad
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Abdollahi
authors.affiliation: Medicinal Plants Research Center, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences.
authors.forename: Azadeh
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Manayi
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences and Pharmacology and Applied Medicine, Department of Medicinal Plants Research Center, Institute of Medicinal Plants, Karaj, Iran.
authors.forename: Amir Hossein
authors.initials: AH
authors.lastname: Abdolghaffari
authors.affiliation: Department of Drug and Food Control, Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences.
authors.forename: Nasrin
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Samadi
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy and Persian Medicine and Pharmacy Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
authors.forename: Gholamreza
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Amin
authors.affiliation: Department of Anatomy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences.
authors.forename: Gholamreza
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Hassanzadeh
authors.affiliation: Department of Drug and Food Control, Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences.
authors.forename: Hossein
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Jamalifar
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences.
authors.forename: Maryam
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Baeeri
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences.
authors.forename: Mohammad
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Heidari
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy and Persian Medicine and Pharmacy Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Faculty of Land and Food Systems, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada.
authors.forename: Mahnaz
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Khanavi