title: Comparison of Manual Refraction Versus Autorefraction in 60 Diabetic Retinopathy Patients.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The purpose of the study was to evaluate the comparison of manual refraction versus autorefraction in diabetic retinopathy patients.
  
  
  METHODS
  The study was conducted at the Be'sat Army Hospital from 2013-2015. In the present study differences between two common refractometry methods (manual refractometry and Auto refractometry) in diagnosis and follow up of retinopathy in patients affected with diabetes is investigated.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Our results showed that there is a significant difference in visual acuity score of patients between manual and auto refractometry. Despite this fact, spherical equivalent scores of two methods of refractometry did not show a significant statistical difference in the patients.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Although use of manual refraction is comparable with autorefraction in evaluating spherical equivalent scores in diabetic patients affected with retinopathy, but in the case of visual acuity results from these two methods are not comparable.
authors.affiliation: Department of Ophthalmology, AJA University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
authors.forename: Keyvan
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Shirzadi
authors.affiliation: Department of Ophthalmology, Alzahra Eye Hospital, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, Zahedan, Iran.
authors.forename: Kourosh
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Shahraki
authors.affiliation: Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
authors.forename: Emad
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Yahaghi
authors.affiliation: Department of Ophthalmology, AJA University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
authors.forename: Ali
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Makateb
authors.affiliation: Department of Ophthalmology, AJA University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
authors.forename: Keivan
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Khosravifard
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D003930:Diabetic Retinopathy / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000503:physiopathology; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D012029:Refraction, Ocular / Q000502:physiology*; D012031:Refractometry / Q000379:methods*; D014792:Visual Acuity
keywords: Autorefraction; Diabetes; Manual refraction; Patient; Retinopathy