title: HIV-infection and psychiatric illnesses - A double edged sword that threatens the vision of a contained epidemic: The Greater Stockholm HIV Cohort Study.
abstract: The Greater Stockholm HIV Cohort Study is an initiative to provide longitudinal information regarding the health of people living with HIV.
  
  
  
  Our aim was to explore the prevalence of HIV and its association with psychiatric co-morbidities.
  
  
  
  All patients with a recorded diagnosis of HIV (any position of the ICD-10 codes B20-B24) were identified during the period 2007-2014 and related to the total population in Stockholm by January 1, 2015, N = 2.21 million. The age at diagnosis, gender, and first occurrence of an HIV diagnosis was recorded. Analyses were done by age and gender. Prevalence of psychiatric co-morbidities amongst HIV patients were recorded.
  
  
  
  Age-adjusted odds ratios with 95% confidence intervals were calculated with logistic regression for prevalent psychiatric co-morbidities in HIV infected individuals compared to the prevalence in the general population.
  
  
  
  The total prevalence of HIV was 0.16%; females 0.10% (n = 1134) and males 0.21% (n = 2448). HIV-infected people were more frequently diagnosed with psychiatric illnesses and drug abuse. In females and males with HIV-diagnosis respectively, drug dependence disorder was 7.5 (7.76% vs 1.04%) and 5.1 (10.17% vs 1.98%) times higher, psychotic disorders were 6.3 (2.65% vs 0.42%) and 2.9 (1.43% vs 0.49%) times higher, bipolar disorder was 2.5 (1.41% vs 0.57%) and 3 (1.02% vs 0.34%) times higher, depression diagnosis was 1.5 (8.47% vs 5.82%) and 3.4 (10.17% vs 2.97%) higher, trauma-related disorder was 1.5 (6.00% vs 4.10%) respectively 2.9 (4.45% vs 1.56%) times higher, anxiety disorder was 1.2 (6.88% vs 5.72%) and 2.2 (6.54% vs 2.93%) times higher than in their non-infected peers.
  
  
  
  Despite effective ART, many individuals with HIV have an impaired mental health and a history of drug abuse that may threaten the vision of a contained epidemic.
authors.affiliation: Sunnfjord apotek, Førde, Norway.
authors.forename: Amadou
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Jallow
authors.affiliation: Public Healthcare Services Committee Administration, Stockholm County Council, Box 6909, SE-102 39 Stockholm, Sweden; Medical Management Centre, Department of Learning, Informatics, Management and Ethics, Karolinska Institutet, Berzelius väg 3, SE-17177 Stockholm, Sweden.
authors.forename: Gunnar
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Ljunggren
authors.affiliation: Division for Family Medicine, Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Karolinska Institutet, Huddinge, Sweden.
authors.forename: Per
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Wändell
authors.affiliation: Centre for Psychiatry Research, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.
authors.forename: Lars
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Wahlström
authors.affiliation: Division for Family Medicine, Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Karolinska Institutet, Huddinge, Sweden; Department of Medical Sciences, Cardiovascular Epidemiology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden.
authors.forename: Axel C
authors.initials: AC
authors.lastname: Carlsson
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D001008:Anxiety Disorders / Q000150:complications / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000821:virology; D001714:Bipolar Disorder / Q000150:complications / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000821:virology; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D015331:Cohort Studies; D015897:Comorbidity; D005260:Female; D015658:HIV Infections / Q000150:complications / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000523:psychology* / Q000821:virology; D006760:Hospitalization; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D008297:Male; D001523:Mental Disorders / Q000150:complications* / Q000453:epidemiology*; D008875:Middle Aged; D016017:Odds Ratio; D015995:Prevalence; D011618:Psychotic Disorders / Q000150:complications / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000821:virology; D019966:Substance-Related Disorders / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000523:psychology / Q000821:virology; D013548:Sweden / Q000453:epidemiology; D055815:Young Adult
keywords: Administrative databases; Anxiety disorders; Bipolar disorders; Depression; Drug dependence disorders; Epidemiology; Gender; General population; Psychotic disorders; Trauma-related disorders