title: Optical redox ratio and endogenous porphyrins in the detection of urinary bladder cancer: A patient biopsy analysis.
abstract: Bladder cancer is among the most common cancers in the UK and conventional detection techniques suffer from low sensitivity, low specificity, or both. Recent attempts to address the disparity have led to progress in the field of autofluorescence as a means to diagnose the disease with high efficiency, however there is still a lot not known about autofluorescence profiles in the disease. The multi-functional diagnostic system "LAKK-M" was used to assess autofluorescence profiles of healthy and cancerous bladder tissue to identify novel biomarkers of the disease. Statistically significant differences were observed in the optical redox ratio (a measure of tissue metabolic activity), the amplitude of endogenous porphyrins and the NADH/porphyrin ratio between tissue types. These findings could advance understanding of bladder cancer and aid in the development of new techniques for detection and surveillance.
authors.affiliation: Division of Imaging and Technology, University of Dundee, Ninewells Hospital and Medical School, James Arrott Drive, Dundee, UK DD1 9SY.
authors.forename: Scott
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Palmer
authors.affiliation: Optoelectronics and Biomedical Photonics Group, Aston Institute of Photonic Technologies, Aston University, Aston Triangle, Birmingham, UK B4 7ET.
authors.forename: Karina
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Litvinova
authors.affiliation: Biomedical Photonics Instrumentation Group, Scientific-Educational Centre of "Biomedical Engineering", Orel State University, Orel, Russia, 302020.
authors.forename: Andrey
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Dunaev
authors.affiliation: Division of Imaging and Technology, University of Dundee, Ninewells Hospital and Medical School, James Arrott Drive, Dundee, UK DD1 9SY.
authors.forename: Ji
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Yubo
authors.affiliation: SUPA, School of Science and Engineering, Ewing Building, University of Dundee, Nethergate, Dundee, UK DD1 4HN.
authors.forename: David
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: McGloin
authors.affiliation: Division of Imaging and Technology, University of Dundee, Ninewells Hospital and Medical School, James Arrott Drive, Dundee, UK DD1 9SY.
authors.forename: Ghulam
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Nabi
mesh_terms: D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor / Q000032:analysis; D001706:Biopsy; D006801:Humans; D061848:Optical Imaging; D010084:Oxidation-Reduction; D011166:Porphyrins / Q000032:analysis*; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D001743:Urinary Bladder; D001749:Urinary Bladder Neoplasms / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*
chemical_list: D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor; D011166:Porphyrins
keywords: Transitional cell carcinoma; autofluorescence; cancer biomarkers; detection; multifunctional laser; urinary bladder cancer