title: Eurytemora carolleeae in the Laurentian Great Lakes revealed by phylogenetic and morphological analysis.
abstract: In the Laurentian Great Lakes, specimens ofEurytemorahave been reported asE. affinissince its invasion in the late 1950s. During an intensive collection of aquatic invertebrates for morphological and molecular identification in Western Lake Erie in 2012-2013, several specimens ofEurytemorawere collected. Analysis of these specimens identified them as the recently described speciesE. carolleeaeAlekseev and Souissi 2011. This result led us to assessE. carolleeae's identifying features, geographic distribution and historical presence in the Laurentian Great Lakes in view of its recent description in 2011. Cytochrome oxidase I (COI) DNA sequences ofEurytemoraspecimens were identified as closer (2 - 4% different) to recently describedE. carolleeaethan to mostEurytemora affinissequences (14% different).Eurytemorafrom other areas of the Great Lakes and from North American rivers as far west as South Dakota (Missouri River) and east to Delaware (Christina River) also keyed toE. carolleeae. Morphological analysis of archival specimens from 1962 and from all the Great Lakes were identified asE. carolleeae. Additionally,Eurytemoradrawings in previous publications from studies in the Holarctic region were reassessed to determine if these specimens wereE. carolleeae. Additional morphological characters that may distinguish the North AmericanE. carolleeaefrom other taxa are also described. We conclude thatE. carolleeaeis the correct name for the species ofEurytemorathat has inhabited the Great Lakes since its invasion, as established by both morphological and COI sequence comparisons to reference keys and sequence databases in present and archival specimens.
authors.affiliation: Department of Physiology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, 5374 Scott Hall, 540 E. Canfield St., Detroit, MI, 48201, USA.
authors.forename: Adrian A
authors.initials: AA
authors.lastname: Vasquez
authors.affiliation: US Geological Survey, Great Lakes Science Center, 1451 Green Road, Ann Arbor, MI 48105, USA.
authors.forename: Patrick L
authors.initials: PL
authors.lastname: Hudson
authors.affiliation: Department of Physiology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, 5374 Scott Hall, 540 E. Canfield St., Detroit, MI, 48201, USA.
authors.forename: Masanori
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Fujimoto
authors.affiliation: US Geological Survey, Great Lakes Science Center, 1451 Green Road, Ann Arbor, MI 48105, USA.
authors.forename: Kevin
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Keeler
authors.affiliation: US Geological Survey, Great Lakes Science Center, 1451 Green Road, Ann Arbor, MI 48105, USA.
authors.forename: Patricia M
authors.initials: PM
authors.lastname: Armenio
authors.affiliation: Department of Physiology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, 5374 Scott Hall, 540 E. Canfield St., Detroit, MI, 48201, USA.
authors.forename: Jeffrey L
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: Ram
keywords: Copepod; Eurytemora carolleeae; biogeography; cytochrome oxidase I (COI); invasive; taxonomy