title: Anthocyanin-Loaded PEG-Gold Nanoparticles Enhanced the Neuroprotection of Anthocyanins in an Aβ1-42Mouse Model of Alzheimer's Disease.
abstract: Nanomedicine is an emerging research area. In this study, we investigated the neuroprotective efficacy of anthocyanin-loaded polyethylene glycol-gold nanoparticles (PEG-AuNPs) for enhancing the neuroprotective efficacy of anthocyanins in an amyloid beta (Aβ)1-42mouse model of Alzheimer's disease. We observed that both anthocyanin-loaded PEG-AuNPs and anthocyanins treatment (12 μg/g/day for 14 days) ameliorated memory impairments in the Aβ1-42-injected mice. However, the anthocyanin-loaded PEG-AuNPs were more effective than free anthocyanins. Anthocyanin-loaded PEG-AuNPs protected pre- and post-synaptic proteins from Aβ1-42-induced synaptic dysfunction. Interestingly, the anthocyanin-loaded PEG-AuNPs also regulated the p-PI3K/p-Akt/p-GSK3β pathway and, as a result, prevented the hyperphosphorylation of tau protein at serines 413 and 404 in the Aβ1-42-injected mice. Western blot results of cytochrome c, Bax/Bcl2, caspases and poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase-1 expression levels, and immunohistochemical Nissl and Fluoro-Jade B staining also indicated that the anthocyanin-loaded PEG-AuNPs inhibited apoptosis and neurodegeneration in the Aβ1-42-injected mice. Our results suggest that the conjugation of dietary polyphenolic compounds with gold nanoparticles, such as anthocyanin-loaded PEG-AuNPs, is a novel approach that may represent an important and promising nanomedicine strategy to prevent age-associated neurodegenerative diseases.
authors.affiliation: Division of Applied Life Science (BK21), College of Natural Sciences, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, 660-701, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Tahir
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Ali
authors.affiliation: Division of Applied Life Science (BK21), College of Natural Sciences, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, 660-701, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Min Ju
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.affiliation: Division of Applied Life Science (BK21), College of Natural Sciences, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, 660-701, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Shafiq Ur
authors.initials: SU
authors.lastname: Rehman
authors.affiliation: Division of Applied Life Science (BK21), College of Natural Sciences, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, 660-701, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Ashfaq
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Ahmad
authors.affiliation: Division of Applied Life Science (BK21), College of Natural Sciences, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, 660-701, Republic of Korea. mokim@gnu.ac.kr.
authors.forename: Myeong Ok
authors.initials: MO
authors.lastname: Kim
mesh_terms: D000544:Alzheimer Disease / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D016229:Amyloid beta-Peptides / Q000378:metabolism*; D000818:Animals; D000872:Anthocyanins / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D001921:Brain / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D006046:Gold; D008297:Male; D053768:Metal Nanoparticles / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D051379:Mice; D000066829:Neuroprotection / Q000187:drug effects; D018696:Neuroprotective Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D010446:Peptide Fragments / Q000378:metabolism*; D010766:Phosphorylation; D016875:tau Proteins / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D016229:Amyloid beta-Peptides; D000872:Anthocyanins; D018696:Neuroprotective Agents; D010446:Peptide Fragments; C075222:amyloid beta-protein (1-42); D016875:tau Proteins; D006046:Gold
keywords: Alzheimer’s disease; Anthocyanin-PEG-gold nanoparticles; Nanomedicine; Neurodegeneration; Synaptic dysfunction