title: Peripheral intravenous catheters in situ for more than 96 h in adults: What factors affect removal?
abstract: Peripheral intravenous catheters (PIVC) are widely used in clinical nursing, but indwelling time remains a subject of debate. This study aimed to assess the risk factors for PIVC phlebitis in adults and provide a basis for indwelling time decisions. A total of 189 first-time PIVC patients in the emergency ward were assessed between May and October 2015. Data were retrieved for patient characteristics and PIVC assessment records. This study showed that over two-thirds (67.72%) of PIVCs were removed because of phlebitis, including oedema (37.57%), rubefaction (33.33%), pain (32.28%), slow infusion speed (13.23%) and accidental extrusion (2.12%). PIVC indwelling time in the planned removal group was higher than that obtained for the unplanned removal group: 152.42 (74.58) vs. 94.64 (50.15) h, P < 0.001. At indwelling times > 96 h, 28.57% (n = 54) of catheters caused phlebitis, although 23.28% (n = 44) showed no phlebitis. PIVC phlebitis was associated with treatment with compound amino acid infusion (OR: 2.624), site at the elbow joint (OR: 3.049), haemoglobin level (OR: 2.492), white cell count (OR: 2.196) and catheter size (OR: 1.837). Study findings suggest that PIVC might be used for longer durations based on nursing assessments and health education.
authors.affiliation: Department of Emergency, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China.
authors.forename: Aiqun
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Zhu
authors.affiliation: Department of Emergency, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China.
authors.forename: Ting
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: Organ Transplantation Ward, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China.
authors.forename: Shali
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Wen
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D002406:Catheterization, Peripheral / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D002681:China; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D012307:Risk Factors
keywords: indwelling time; nursing; peripheral intravenous catheter; phlebitis