title: Evaluation of a new carbon/zirconia-based sorbent for the cleanup of food extracts in multiclass analysis of pesticides and environmental contaminants.
abstract: A novel carbon/zirconia-based material, SupelTMQuE Verde, was evaluated in a filter-vial dispersive solid-phase extraction cleanup of pork, salmon, kale, and avocado extracts for the residual analysis of 65 pesticides and 52 environmental contaminants (flame retardants, polychlorinated biphenyls, polybrominated diphenyl ethers, and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons) using low-pressure gas chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry. An amount of 180 mg sorbent per 0.6 mL extract in filter-vial dispersive solid-phase extraction cleanup was found the optimum in terms of achieving satisfactory removal of co-extractives and recoveries of analytes, especially for structurally planar compounds. For analytes partially retained by Verde, normalization to an internal standard resulted in 62-107% recoveries. Addition of Verde to primary secondary amine and C18in cleanup resulted in 38% more removal of gas-chromatography-amenable co-extractives in avocado, 30% in kale, 39% in salmon, and 50% in pork. The removal efficiency of co-extracted chlorophyll was 93% for kale and 64% for avocado based on ultraviolet-visible absorbance. The developed method was validated at three spiking levels (10, 25, and 100 ng/g), and 70-120% recoveries with ≤20% relative standard deviation were achieved for 96 (83%) out of 117 analytes in pork, 79 (69%) in salmon, 71 (62%) in kale, and 75 (65%) in avocado.
authors.affiliation: College of Science, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China.|U.S. Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Eastern Regional Research Center, Wyndmoor, PA, USA.
authors.forename: Lijun
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Han
authors.affiliation: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Eastern Regional Research Center, Wyndmoor, PA, USA.
authors.forename: Yelena
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Sapozhnikova
authors.affiliation: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Eastern Regional Research Center, Wyndmoor, PA, USA.|Centro de Investigación en Contaminación Ambiental, Universidad de Costa Rica, San José, Costa Rica.
authors.forename: Jessie
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Matarrita
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002244:Carbon; D005506:Food Contamination / Q000032:analysis*; D008401:Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry; D008460:Meat / Q000032:analysis*; D010573:Pesticide Residues / Q000032:analysis*; D012474:Salmon; D052616:Solid Phase Extraction; D013552:Swine; D053719:Tandem Mass Spectrometry; D014675:Vegetables / Q000737:chemistry*; D015040:Zirconium
chemical_list: D010573:Pesticide Residues; D002244:Carbon; D015040:Zirconium; C028541:zirconium oxide
keywords: Dispersive solid-phase extraction; Environmental contaminants; Foods; Pesticides; Sorbents