title: Multimodal Imaging in Ocular Tuberculosis.
abstract: Intraocular tuberculosis presents a diagnostic challenge because of its protean clinical manifestations. Thus, it becomes imperative to distinguish chorioretinal inflammation due to tuberculosis from other infectious as well as non-infectious posterior uveitis since the clinical manifestations of these entities may be quite similar. With advancing technology, a number of novel imaging modalities are available today that enable in vivo near-histologic assessment of the chorioretinal tissue, greatly aiding the clinician in establishing a diagnosis and monitoring the therapeutic response of tubercular lesions. Techniques such as ultra-wide field fundus photography, fluorescein and indocyanine green angiography, optical coherence tomography and most recently, optical coherence tomography angiography, provide valuable information that helps in advancing our knowledge regarding the pathogenesis and natural history of the disease. The index review describes how these techniques supplement each other, and highlights the relevance of multimodal imaging in the management of intraocular tuberculosis.
authors.affiliation: a Department of Ophthalmology , Advanced Eye Centre, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research (PGIMER) , Chandigarh , India.|b Stanley M. Truhlsen Eye Institute, University of Nebraska Medical Center , Omaha , Nebraska , USA.
authors.forename: Aniruddha
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Agarwal
authors.affiliation: a Department of Ophthalmology , Advanced Eye Centre, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research (PGIMER) , Chandigarh , India.
authors.forename: Sarakshi
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Mahajan
authors.affiliation: c Department of Ophthalmology, Fattouma Bourguiba University Hospital, Faculty of Medicine , University of Monastir , Monastir , Tunisia.
authors.forename: Moncef
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Khairallah
authors.affiliation: d Department of Uveitis and Ocular Immunology , Narayana Nethralaya Eye Hospital , Bangalore , India.
authors.forename: Padmamalini
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Mahendradas
authors.affiliation: a Department of Ophthalmology , Advanced Eye Centre, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research (PGIMER) , Chandigarh , India.
authors.forename: Amod
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Gupta
authors.affiliation: a Department of Ophthalmology , Advanced Eye Centre, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research (PGIMER) , Chandigarh , India.
authors.forename: Vishali
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Gupta
mesh_terms: D004396:Coloring Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage; D003941:Diagnostic Techniques, Ophthalmological; D005451:Fluorescein Angiography; D006801:Humans; D007208:Indocyanine Green / Q000008:administration & dosage; D064847:Multimodal Imaging; D041623:Tomography, Optical Coherence; D014392:Tuberculosis, Ocular / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*
chemical_list: D004396:Coloring Agents; D007208:Indocyanine Green
keywords: Fundus autofluorescence; fundus fluorescein angiography; indocyanine green angiography; multifocal serpiginoid choroiditis; optical coherence tomography