title: Asthma and Hypogammaglobulinemia: an Asthma Phenotype with Low Type 2 Inflammation.
abstract: Little is known about hypogammaglobulinemia (HGG) in asthma patients. No data are available on the characteristics of adult patients with asthma and HGG.
  
  
  
  We conducted a retrospective monocentric study between January 2006 and December 2012. Asthma patients with a serum immunoglobulin (Ig) quantitative analysis were included and classified into two groups depending on their serum IgG concentration: presence or absence of HGG. Clinical, biological, functional, and radiologic characteristics were compared in univariate and multivariate analysis, using a logistic regression model.
  
  
  
  In univariate analysis, asthma patients with HGG (n = 25) were older (58 years old ± 18 vs 49 ± 18, p = 0.04) and more frequently active or former smokers as compared to patients with normoglobulinemia (n = 80) (56.0 vs 35.0 %, p = 0.01). Total IgE < 30 kUI/L was more frequently observed in patients with HGG (53.0 vs 18.3 %, p = 0.01). HGG asthma patients had lower fraction of exhaled nitric oxide (p = 0.02), blood eosinophilia (p = 0.0009), and presented with more severe composite score for bronchiectasis (p = 0.01). In multivariate analysis, asthma patients with HGG had increased risk of being smokers [OR = 6.11 (IC 95 % = 1.16-32.04)], having total IgE concentration < 30 kUI/L [OR = 12.87 (IC 95 % = 2.30-72.15)], and a more severe composite score of bronchiectasis [OR = 20.65 (IC 95 % = 2.13-199.74)].
  
  
  
  Asthma patients with HGG are older and more often tobacco smoker than asthma patients without HGG. These patients have low type-2 inflammation markers.
authors.affiliation: CHRU Tours, Service de Pneumologie et explorations fonctionnelles respiratoires, Hôpital Bretonneau, 2 boulevard Tonnellé, 37044, F-37044, Tours Cedex, France.
authors.forename: Clairelyne
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Dupin
authors.affiliation: CHRU Tours, Service de Pneumologie et explorations fonctionnelles respiratoires, Hôpital Bretonneau, 2 boulevard Tonnellé, 37044, F-37044, Tours Cedex, France.|Université François Rabelais, UMR 1100, F-37032, Tours, France.|INSERM, Centre d'Etude des Pathologies Respiratoires, UMR 1100/EA6305, F-37032, Tours, France.
authors.forename: Sylvain
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Marchand-Adam
authors.affiliation: CHRU Tours, Groupement d'imagerie médicale, F-37044, Tours, France.
authors.forename: Olivier
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Favelle
authors.affiliation: CHRU Tours, service d'information médicale, d'épidémiologie et d'économie de la santé, F-37044, Tours, France.
authors.forename: Romain
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Costes
authors.affiliation: CHRU Tours, Service de néphrologie, F-37044, Tours, France.
authors.forename: Philippe
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Gatault
authors.affiliation: CHRU Tours, Service de Pneumologie et explorations fonctionnelles respiratoires, Hôpital Bretonneau, 2 boulevard Tonnellé, 37044, F-37044, Tours Cedex, France.|Université François Rabelais, UMR 1100, F-37032, Tours, France.|INSERM, Centre d'Etude des Pathologies Respiratoires, UMR 1100/EA6305, F-37032, Tours, France.
authors.forename: Philippe
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Diot
authors.affiliation: CHRU Tours, service d'information médicale, d'épidémiologie et d'économie de la santé, F-37044, Tours, France.|Equipe Emergente EE1 Education Ethique Santé, Université François-Rabelais, Tours, France.
authors.forename: Leslie
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Grammatico-Guillon
authors.affiliation: CHRU Tours, Service de Pneumologie et explorations fonctionnelles respiratoires, Hôpital Bretonneau, 2 boulevard Tonnellé, 37044, F-37044, Tours Cedex, France. guillel@free.fr.|Université François Rabelais, UMR 1100, F-37032, Tours, France. guillel@free.fr.|INSERM, Centre d'Etude des Pathologies Respiratoires, UMR 1100/EA6305, F-37032, Tours, France. guillel@free.fr.
authors.forename: Laurent
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Guilleminault
mesh_terms: D000361:Agammaglobulinemia / Q000097:blood* / Q000276:immunology*; D001249:Asthma / Q000097:blood* / Q000276:immunology*; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000097:blood; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007073:Immunoglobulin E / Q000097:blood / Q000276:immunology; D007074:Immunoglobulin G / Q000097:blood / Q000276:immunology; D007249:Inflammation / Q000097:blood* / Q000276:immunology*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010641:Phenotype; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012307:Risk Factors
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; D007074:Immunoglobulin G; D007073:Immunoglobulin E
keywords: asthma; hypogammaglobulinemia; immunoglobulin G; inflammation