title: Measurement of p-nitrophenyl acetate esterase activity (EA), total antioxidant capacity (TAC), total oxidant status (TOS) and acetylcholinesterase (AChE) in gills and digestive gland of Mytilus galloprovincialis exposed to binary mixtures of Pb, Cd and Cu.
abstract: The aims of the present work were (1) to evaluate oxidative stress biomarkers and AChE in two tissues of wild mussel (Mytilus galloprovincialis) of high biochemical activity and accumulation capacity (gills and digestive gland) and (2) to study the behaviour of these biomarkers in presence of heavy metals. For this, EA, TOS, TAC and AChE were measured in tissues of mussels exposed to binary combination of Pb, Cd and Cu. Mussels (n = 36) were exposed to one of the binary mixtures of Pb (1000 μg L-1), Cd (100 μg L-1) and Cu (100 μg L-1) for 7 days, under controlled conditions. Gills and digestive gland were extracted and frozen at -80 °C until analysis. The automatic methods employed for the measurement of EA, TAC, TOS and AChE in M. galloprovincialis revealed higher levels of these biomarkers in digestive gland than gills. Study results suggest that gills would be the tissue of election for study oxidative stress markers, whereas digestive tissue should be selected for AChE measurements in case of evaluation of combined metal toxicity in mussels.
authors.affiliation: Area of Toxicology, Veterinary School, Campus of Excellence Mare Nostrum, University of Murcia, Espinardo, 30100, Murcia, Spain.
authors.forename: Lorena
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Franco-Martinez
authors.affiliation: Area of Toxicology, Veterinary School, Campus of Excellence Mare Nostrum, University of Murcia, Espinardo, 30100, Murcia, Spain.
authors.forename: Diego
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Romero
authors.affiliation: Area of Toxicology, Veterinary School, Campus of Excellence Mare Nostrum, University of Murcia, Espinardo, 30100, Murcia, Spain.
authors.forename: José A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: García-Navarro
authors.affiliation: Interdisciplinary Laboratory of Clinical Analysis (Interlab-UMU), Veterinary School, Campus of Excellence Mare Nostrum, University of Murcia, Espinardo, 30100, Murcia, Spain.
authors.forename: Fernando
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Tecles
authors.affiliation: Departament de Biologia Cel•lular, Fisiologia i Immunologia, Universidad Autónoma de Barcelona. Campus d'excel lència "UAB-CEI", Bellaterra, E-08193, Barcelona, Spain.
authors.forename: Mariana
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Teles
authors.affiliation: Departament de Medicina i Cirugia Animals, Universidad Autónoma de Barcelona. Campus d'excel·lència "UAB-CEI", Bellaterra, E-08193, Barcelona, Spain. asta@um.es.
authors.forename: Asta
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Tvarijonaviciute
mesh_terms: D000110:Acetylcholinesterase / Q000378:metabolism*; D000818:Animals; D000975:Antioxidants / Q000378:metabolism*; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000378:metabolism; D004063:Digestion; D005880:Gills / Q000201:enzymology* / Q000378:metabolism; D019216:Metals, Heavy / Q000737:chemistry / Q000633:toxicity*; D049878:Mytilus / Q000378:metabolism*; D016877:Oxidants / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism / Q000633:toxicity; D018384:Oxidative Stress; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000633:toxicity
chemical_list: D000975:Antioxidants; D015415:Biomarkers; D019216:Metals, Heavy; D016877:Oxidants; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical; D000110:Acetylcholinesterase
keywords: Acetylcholinesterase; Cadmium; Copper; Lead; Oxidative stress; Wild mussels