title: Changes in Drivers' Visual Performance during the Collision Avoidance Process as a Function of Different Field of Views at Intersections.
abstract: The intersection field of view (IFOV) indicates an extent that the visual information can be observed by drivers. It has been found that further enhancing IFOV can significantly improve emergent collision avoidance performance at intersections, such as faster brake reaction time, smaller deceleration rate, and lower traffic crash involvement risk. However, it is not known how IFOV affects drivers' eye movements, visual attention and the relationship between visual searching and traffic safety. In this study, a driving simulation experiment was conducted to uncover the changes in drivers' visual performance during the collision avoidance process as a function of different field of views at an intersection by using an eye tracking system. The experimental results showed that drivers' ability in identifying the potential hazard in terms of visual searching was significantly affected by different IFOV conditions. As the IFOVs increased, drivers had longer gaze duration (GD) and more number of gazes (NG) in the intersection surrounding areas and paid more visual attention to capture critical visual information on the emerging conflict vehicle, thus leading to a better collision avoidance performance and a lower crash risk. It was also found that female drivers had a better visual performance and a lower crash rate than male drivers. From the perspective of drivers' visual performance, the results strengthened the evidence that further increasing intersection sight distance standards should be encouraged for enhancing traffic safety.
authors.affiliation: MOE Key Laboratory for Urban Transportation Complex System Theory and Technology, School of Traffic and Transportation, Beijing Jiaotong University, Beijing 100044, PR China.
authors.forename: Xuedong
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Yan
authors.affiliation: MOE Key Laboratory for Urban Transportation Complex System Theory and Technology, School of Traffic and Transportation, Beijing Jiaotong University, Beijing 100044, PR China.
authors.forename: Xinran
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: MOE Key Laboratory for Urban Transportation Complex System Theory and Technology, School of Traffic and Transportation, Beijing Jiaotong University, Beijing 100044, PR China.
authors.forename: Yuting
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: MOE Key Laboratory for Urban Transportation Complex System Theory and Technology, School of Traffic and Transportation, Beijing Jiaotong University, Beijing 100044, PR China.
authors.forename: Xiaomeng
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: Department of Civil, Environmental, and Infrastructure Engineering, George Mason University, Fairfax, Virginia, United States of America.
authors.forename: Zhuo
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Yang
mesh_terms: D000063:Accidents, Traffic / Q000517:prevention & control*; D000328:Adult; D001288:Attention / Q000502:physiology; D001334:Automobile Driving; D003654:Deceleration; D005133:Eye Movements / Q000502:physiology; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D011930:Reaction Time / Q000502:physiology; D012449:Safety; D014794:Visual Fields / Q000502:physiology*; D014796:Visual Perception / Q000502:physiology*