title: Recent trends and future directions for the medical treatment of ulcerative colitis.
abstract: Recently, several medical treatments for ulcerative colitis (UC) have been developed, including 5-aminosalicylic acids (5-ASAs), corticosteroids, thiopurine, calcineurin inhibitors, and anti-tumor necrosis factor (TNF) α treatments. Treatment options including calcineurin inhibitors and anti-TNF treatment for refractory UC are discussed in this article. Furthermore, upcoming treatments are introduced, such as golimumab, vedolizumab, AJM300, tofacitinib. Budesonide foamwill be used as one treatment option in patients with distal colitis. Herbal medicine, such as Qing-Dai is also effective for active UC and may be useful for patients who are refractory to anti-TNFα treatments. In the near future, physicians will able to use many different treatments for UC patients. However, we should not forget 5-ASA and corticosteroids as the fundamental treatments for UC patients.
authors.affiliation: Department of Gastroenterology, School of Medicine, Keio University, 35 Shinanomachi, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, 160-8582, Japan. nagamakoto@z7.keio.jp.
authors.forename: Makoto
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Naganuma
authors.affiliation: Department of Gastroenterology, School of Medicine, Keio University, 35 Shinanomachi, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, 160-8582, Japan.
authors.forename: Shinta
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Mizuno
authors.affiliation: Department of Gastroenterology, School of Medicine, Keio University, 35 Shinanomachi, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, 160-8582, Japan.
authors.forename: Kosaku
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Nanki
authors.affiliation: Department of Gastroenterology, School of Medicine, Keio University, 35 Shinanomachi, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, 160-8582, Japan.
authors.forename: Shinya
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Sugimoto
authors.affiliation: Department of Gastroenterology, School of Medicine, Keio University, 35 Shinanomachi, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, 160-8582, Japan.
authors.forename: Takanori
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Kanai
mesh_terms: D000911:Antibodies, Monoclonal / Q000627:therapeutic use; D061067:Antibodies, Monoclonal, Humanized / Q000627:therapeutic use; D019819:Budesonide / Q000627:therapeutic use; D065095:Calcineurin Inhibitors / Q000627:therapeutic use; D003093:Colitis, Ulcerative / Q000188:drug therapy*; D004359:Drug Therapy, Combination; D004365:Drugs, Chinese Herbal / Q000627:therapeutic use; D005544:Forecasting; D005765:Gastrointestinal Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D005938:Glucocorticoids / Q000627:therapeutic use; D006801:Humans; D010649:Phenylalanine / Q000031:analogs & derivatives / Q000627:therapeutic use; D010880:Piperidines / Q000627:therapeutic use; D011743:Pyrimidines / Q000627:therapeutic use; D011758:Pyrroles / Q000627:therapeutic use; D052999:Quinazolinones / Q000627:therapeutic use; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors
chemical_list: C000588820:AJM300; D000911:Antibodies, Monoclonal; D061067:Antibodies, Monoclonal, Humanized; D065095:Calcineurin Inhibitors; D004365:Drugs, Chinese Herbal; D005765:Gastrointestinal Agents; D005938:Glucocorticoids; D010880:Piperidines; D011743:Pyrimidines; D011758:Pyrroles; D052999:Quinazolinones; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha; D010649:Phenylalanine; D019819:Budesonide; C479163:tofacitinib; C529000:golimumab; C543529:vedolizumab; C530990:Qingdai compound
keywords: Anti-TNF treatments; Anti-adhesion antibody; Calcineurin inhibitors; The current treatment guideline for UC; Ulcerative colitis