title: Effect of Finishing and Polishing on the Surface Roughness and Gloss of Feldspathic Ceramic for Chairside CAD/CAM Systems.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate surface roughness and gloss of feldspathic ceramic blocks for chairside CAD/CAM systems before and after finishing and polishing.
  
  
  METHODS
  VITA Mark II ceramic blocks for the CEREC CAD/CAM system were cut perpendicularly in order to obtain a total of 70 specimens (14 × 18 × 3 mm). The flat surface was roughened using a grinder/polisher with dry 120-grit silicone-carbide paper. Surface roughness and gloss were measured using a digital profilometer (Ra) and a glossmeter (GU), respectively. Specimens were randomly divided into seven groups (n=10) based on the finishing/polishing system as follows: 1) Identoflex NGPorcelain Polisher (INP), 2) Identoflex Diamond Ceramic Polisher (IDP), 3) Hiluster Polishing System (HPS), 4) OptraFine (OF), 5) Identoflex Lucent (IL), 6) VITA Akzent Glaze Spray (AGS), and 7) VITA Shading Paste and Liquid (SPL). Surface analysis was repeated after the finishing/polishing treatment, and the obtained data were compared to the baseline in order to evaluate the ΔRa and ΔGU. Results were statistically analyzed. The surface morphology was observed by scanning electron microscopy.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The mean surface roughness of polished systems increased in the order (statistical groups designated) SPLa < ILa < OFab < IDPbc < AGSbc < INPbc < HPSc and mean gloss decreased in the order AGSa > SPLa > OFab > ILabc > HPSbcd > INPcd > IDPd.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The smoothest surface of CAD/CAM feldspathic ceramic blocks was achieved using the furnace-based glaze systems VITA Akzent Glaze Spray and VITA Shading Paste and Liquid and manual systems Identoflex Lucent and OptraFine.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Carrabba
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Vichi
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Vultaggio
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Pallari
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Paravina
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Ferrari
mesh_terms: D002516:Ceramics / Q000737:chemistry*; D017076:Computer-Aided Design; D003775:Dental Polishing / Q000379:methods*; D003776:Dental Porcelain / Q000737:chemistry*; D008422:Materials Testing; D008855:Microscopy, Electron, Scanning; D013499:Surface Properties
chemical_list: C082340:Vita Mark II; D003776:Dental Porcelain; C074543:Cerec