title: Different transseptal puncture for different procedures: Optimization of left atrial catheterization guided by transesophageal echocardiography.
abstract: Left atrial catheterization through transseptal puncture is frequently performed in cardiac catheterization procedures. Appropriate transseptal puncture is critical to achieve procedural success.
  
  
  
  The aim of the study is to evaluate the feasibility of selective transseptal punctures, using a modified radiofrequency (RF) transseptal needle and transesophageal echocardiography (TEE), in different types of procedures that require specific sites of left atrial catheterization.
  
  
  
  This was an observational trial in a cardiac catheterization laboratory of a teaching hospital.
  
  
  
  Patients undergoing different percutaneous procedures requiring atrial transseptal puncture such as atrial fibrillation (AF) ablation, left atrial appendage (LAA) occlusion, and mitral valve repair were included in the study. All procedures were guided by TEE and an RF transseptal needle targeting a specific region of the septum to perform the puncture.
  
  
  
  The statistical analysis was descriptive only.
  
  
  
  RF-assisted transseptal punctures were performed in six consecutive patients who underwent AF ablation (two patients), LAA closure (two patients), and mitral valve repair (two patients). In all patients, transseptal punctures were performed successfully at the desired site. No adverse events or complications were observed.
  
  
  
  Selective transseptal puncture, using TEE and an RF needle, is a feasible technique that can be used in multiple approaches requiring a precise site of access for left atrial catheterization.
authors.affiliation: Department of Arrhythmology and Cardiac Pacing Unit, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy.
authors.forename: Andrea
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Radinovic
authors.affiliation: Department of Arrhythmology and Cardiac Pacing Unit, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy.
authors.forename: Patrizio
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Mazzone
authors.affiliation: Department of Anesthesia and Intensive Care, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute; Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Milan, Italy.
authors.forename: Giovanni
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Landoni
authors.affiliation: Department of Arrhythmology and Cardiac Pacing Unit, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy.
authors.forename: Eustachio
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Agricola
authors.affiliation: Department of Arrhythmology and Cardiac Pacing Unit, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy.
authors.forename: Damiano
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Regazzoli
authors.affiliation: Department of Arrhythmology and Cardiac Pacing Unit, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy.
authors.forename: Paolo
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Della-Bella
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D006328:Cardiac Catheterization / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods*; D006348:Cardiac Surgical Procedures; D017548:Echocardiography, Transesophageal / Q000379:methods*; D005260:Female; D006325:Heart Atria / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D006346:Heart Septum / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011677:Punctures / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods*; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D018084:Ultrasonography, Interventional / Q000379:methods*