title: Evaluating the Incredible Years Toddler Parenting Programme with parents of toddlers in disadvantaged (Flying Start) areas of Wales.
abstract: Early risk factors for poor child outcomes are well established, and some group parenting programmes have demonstrated good outcomes for children under 3 years of age. This randomized controlled trial evaluated the effectiveness of the Incredible Years® Toddler Parenting Programme with parents of 1-year-old and 2-year-old children recruited by staff in disadvantaged Flying Start areas across Wales.
  
  
  
  Eighty-nine families with a child aged between 12 and 36 months at baseline participated in a pragmatic community-based trial of the programme in eight Flying Start areas. Outcomes were measured at baseline, 6 months and 12 months using measures of parental mental health, competence, child behaviour, child development, home environment and blinded-observation of parent-child interactions.
  
  
  
  Significant intervention group improvements were found in parental mental well-being and observed praise at 6 months. Significant improvements for the intervention group at 12 months included child development, home environment and parental depression.
  
  
  
  The study provides preliminary evidence for programme attendance.
authors.affiliation: Centre for Evidence Based Early Intervention, Bangor University, Bangor, Gwynedd, UK.
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Hutchings
authors.affiliation: School of Psychology, Bangor University, Bangor, Gwynedd, UK.
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Griffith
authors.affiliation: Department of Health Sciences, University of York, York, UK.
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Bywater
authors.affiliation: Centre for Evidence Based Early Intervention, Bangor University, Bangor, Gwynedd, UK.
authors.forename: M E
authors.initials: ME
authors.lastname: Williams
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D002652:Child Behavior; D002657:Child Development; D002675:Child, Preschool; D004505:Education, Nonprofessional / Q000379:methods; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D008297:Male; D008603:Mental Health; D010287:Parent-Child Relations; D016487:Parenting; D010290:Parents / Q000193:education* / Q000523:psychology; D011204:Poverty Areas; D015397:Program Evaluation; D011569:Psychiatric Status Rating Scales; D011594:Psychometrics; D014852:Wales; D055815:Young Adult
keywords: child; group; intervention; parenting