title: Hyperuricemia, Hypertension, and Chronic Kidney Disease: an Emerging Association.
abstract: Uric acid is a product of purine metabolism and has been linked to gout and kidney calculi. Chronic kidney disease (CKD) and hypertension (HTN) are two major public health problems, and both are associated with increased risk of cardiovascular events. Emerging evidence suggests a pathogenic role of hyperuricemia in the development of HTN and CKD, in addition to progression of CKD, by inducing renal inflammation, endothelial dysfunction, and activation of the renin-angiotensin system. In addition, several epidemiological studies have linked hyperuricemia with an increased risk of HTN and CKD. A few clinical trials have assessed the use of uric acid-lowering therapies such as allopurinol and febuxostat in the management of HTN and delaying progression of CKD. To date, most of these trials are short-term with a small sample size; however, their results are encouraging and provide a rationale for larger randomized controlled trials to establish the role of uric acid-lowering therapies in the management of HTN, in addition to prevention of CKD progression and cardiovascular events.
authors.affiliation: Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Nephrology, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon.
authors.forename: Samir G
authors.initials: SG
authors.lastname: Mallat
authors.affiliation: Department of Anatomy, Cell Biology and Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, American University of Beirut, Riad-El-Solh, 1107 2020, Beirut, Lebanon.
authors.forename: Sahar
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Al Kattar
authors.affiliation: Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Nephrology, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon.
authors.forename: Bassem Y
authors.initials: BY
authors.lastname: Tanios
authors.affiliation: Department of Anatomy, Cell Biology and Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, American University of Beirut, Riad-El-Solh, 1107 2020, Beirut, Lebanon. aj00@aub.edu.lb.
authors.forename: Abdo
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Jurjus
mesh_terms: D018450:Disease Progression; D006074:Gout Suppressants / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D006801:Humans; D006973:Hypertension / Q000150:complications*; D033461:Hyperuricemia / Q000150:complications* / Q000188:drug therapy; D051436:Renal Insufficiency, Chronic / Q000150:complications*; D014527:Uric Acid / Q000097:blood
chemical_list: D006074:Gout Suppressants; D014527:Uric Acid
keywords: Chronic kidney disease; Hypertension; Hyperuricemia; Uric acid