title: Economic Impact of Integrated Care Models for Patients with Chronic Diseases: A Systematic Review.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To assess the costs and potential financial benefits of integrated care models for patients with chronic diseases, that is, type 2 diabetes mellitus, schizophrenia, and multiple sclerosis, respectively.
  
  
  METHODS
  A systematic search of the literature was performed using EMBASE, MEDLINE, and Web of Science. Studies that conducted a cost analysis, considered at least two components of the chronic care model, and compared integrated care with standard care were included.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Out of 575 articles, 26 were included. Most studies examined integrated care models for type 2 diabetes mellitus (n = 18) and to a lesser extent for schizophrenia (n = 6) and multiple sclerosis (n = 2). Across the three disease groups, the incremental cost per patient per year ranged from - €3860 to + €613.91 (x¯ = - €533.61 ± €902.96). The incremental cost for type 2 diabetes mellitus ranged from - €1507.49 to + €299.20 (x¯ = - €518.22 ± + €604.75), for schizophrenia from - €3860 to + €613.91 (x¯ = - €677.21 ± + €1624.35), and for multiple sclerosis from - €822 to + €339.43 (x¯ = - €241.29 ± + €821.26). Most of the studies (22 of 26 [84.6%]) reported a positive economic impact of integrated care models: for type 2 diabetes mellitus (16 of 18 [88.9%]), schizophrenia (4 of 6 [66.7%]), and multiple sclerosis (1 of 2 [50%]).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In this systematic literature review, predominantly positive economic impacts of integrated care models for patients with chronic diseases were found.
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences, Hasselt University, Hasselt, Belgium. Electronic address: melissa.desmedt@uhasselt.be.
authors.forename: Melissa
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Desmedt
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences, Hasselt University, Hasselt, Belgium.
authors.forename: Sonja
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Vertriest
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences, Hasselt University, Hasselt, Belgium; AZ Delta, Roeselare, Belgium.
authors.forename: Johan
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Hellings
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Business Economics, Hasselt University, Hasselt, Belgium.
authors.forename: Jochen
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Bergs
authors.affiliation: Centre for Sociological Research, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.
authors.forename: Ezra
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Dessers
authors.affiliation: Department of Public Health and Primary Care, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.
authors.forename: Patrik
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Vankrunkelsven
authors.affiliation: Scientific Center for Care and Welfare, Tilburg University, Tilburg, The Netherlands; Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium; National University Singapore and National University Health System, Singapore.
authors.forename: Hubertus
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Vrijhoef
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Interuniversity Centre for Health Economics Research (I-CHER), Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium.
authors.forename: Lieven
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Annemans
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Interuniversity Centre for Health Economics Research (I-CHER), Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium.
authors.forename: Nick
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Verhaeghe
authors.affiliation: Section of Geriatrics, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Department of Internal Medicine, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium.
authors.forename: Mirko
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Petrovic
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences, Hasselt University, Hasselt, Belgium; Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium.
authors.forename: Dominique
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Vandijck
mesh_terms: D002908:Chronic Disease / Q000191:economics*; D017281:Cost of Illness; D019033:Delivery of Health Care, Integrated / Q000191:economics*; D017048:Health Care Costs; D006801:Humans; D018803:Models, Economic
keywords: chronic disease; cost analysis; integrated care; multiple sclerosis; schizophrenia; type 2 diabetes mellitus