title: Trachoma Mapping in Gombe State, Nigeria: Results of 11 Local Government Area Surveys.
abstract: To determine the need or otherwise for establishment of a trachoma elimination program in Gombe State, Nigeria, by estimating the population-based prevalence of trachoma in each Local Government Area (LGA) of Gombe.
  
  
  
  Using a multi-stage, systematic, random, and quasi-random sampling approach and Global Trachoma Mapping Project support, we selected 25 clusters in each LGA. In each cluster, we selected 25 households and all consenting residents aged 1 year and older were examined for trachomatous inflammation-follicular (TF) and trichiasis, using the World Health Organization simplified grading scheme.
  
  
  
  No LGA in Gombe State had a TF prevalence ≥5% in 1-9-year-olds. All LGAs had trichiasis prevalences above the elimination threshold and should be targeted for community-based delivery of trichiasis surgery. Only three LGAs had household-level improved wash water access of greater than 80%. Access to improved sanitation facilities was also poor as household access to improved sanitation facilities was above 80% in only one LGA.
  
  
  
  A trachoma program focused on delivery of trichiasis surgery is required in Gombe. Improvements in water and sanitation, through engagement with other sectors, are necessary.
authors.affiliation: a Department of Ophthalmology , University of Jos , Jos , Nigeria.|b Sightsavers , Kaduna , Nigeria.|c Department of Ophthalmology , Jos University Teaching Hospital , Jos , Nigeria.
authors.forename: Caleb
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Mpyet
authors.affiliation: d Ophthalmology Unit, Surgery Department , Usmanu Dan Fodiyo University , Sokoto , Nigeria.
authors.forename: Nasiru
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Muhammad
authors.affiliation: d Ophthalmology Unit, Surgery Department , Usmanu Dan Fodiyo University , Sokoto , Nigeria.
authors.forename: Mohammed Dantani
authors.initials: MD
authors.lastname: Adamu
authors.affiliation: e Ministry of Health , Kaduna State , Nigeria.
authors.forename: Habila
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Muazu
authors.affiliation: f National Eye Center , Kaduna , Nigeria.
authors.forename: Murtala Muhammad
authors.initials: MM
authors.lastname: Umar
authors.affiliation: c Department of Ophthalmology , Jos University Teaching Hospital , Jos , Nigeria.
authors.forename: Joel
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Alada
authors.affiliation: g National Trachoma Control Program, Department of Public Health , Federal Ministry of Health , Abuja , Nigeria.
authors.forename: Uwazoeke
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: Onyebuchi
authors.affiliation: h Mission to Save the Helpless , Jos , Nigeria.
authors.forename: Fracisca
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Olamiju
authors.affiliation: b Sightsavers , Kaduna , Nigeria.
authors.forename: Sunday
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Isiyaku
authors.affiliation: b Sightsavers , Kaduna , Nigeria.
authors.forename: Adamani
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: William
authors.affiliation: i Task Force for Global Health , Decatur , GA , USA.
authors.forename: Rebecca
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Willis
authors.affiliation: i Task Force for Global Health , Decatur , GA , USA.
authors.forename: Rebecca Mann
authors.initials: RM
authors.lastname: Flueckiger
authors.affiliation: i Task Force for Global Health , Decatur , GA , USA.
authors.forename: Alexandre
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Pavluck
authors.affiliation: i Task Force for Global Health , Decatur , GA , USA.
authors.forename: Brian K
authors.initials: BK
authors.lastname: Chu
authors.affiliation: j Ministry of Health Gombe State , Gombe , Nigeria.
authors.forename: Danjuma
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Mohammed
authors.affiliation: g National Trachoma Control Program, Department of Public Health , Federal Ministry of Health , Abuja , Nigeria.
authors.forename: Nicholas
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Olobio
authors.affiliation: k Clinical Research Department , London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine , London , UK.|l London Centre for Neglected Tropical Disease Research , London , UK.
authors.forename: Anthony W
authors.initials: AW
authors.lastname: Solomon
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D016000:Cluster Analysis; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009549:Nigeria / Q000453:epidemiology; D015995:Prevalence; D012959:Socioeconomic Factors; D014141:Trachoma / Q000453:epidemiology*; D058457:Trichiasis / Q000453:epidemiology*; D055815:Young Adult
keywords: Blindness; prevalence; sanitation; trachoma; trichiasis surgery; water