title: Primary and Secondary Prevention Trials in Alzheimer Disease: Looking Back, Moving Forward.
abstract: The field of Alzheimer disease (AD) prevention has been a culmination of basic science, clinical, and translational research. In the past three years since the new 2011 AD diagnostic guidelines, large-scale collaborative efforts have embarked on new clinical trials with the hope of someday preventing AD. This review will shed light on the historical and scientific contexts in which these trials were based on, as well as discuss potential challenges these trials may face in the coming years. Primary preventive measures, such as lifestyle, multidomain, medication, and supplemental interventions, will be analyzed. Secondary prevention as represented by disease-modifying interventions, such as antiamyloid therapy and pioglitazone, will also be reviewed. Finally, hypotheses on future directions for AD prevention trials will be proposed.
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, United States.
authors.forename: David
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Hsu
authors.affiliation: Alzheimer Research and Treatment, Brigham and Women's Hospital, 60 Fenwood Road, 9016P, Boston, MA 02115, United States.
authors.forename: Gad A
authors.initials: GA
authors.lastname: Marshall
mesh_terms: D000544:Alzheimer Disease / Q000517:prevention & control*; D002986:Clinical Trials as Topic; D006801:Humans; D055502:Secondary Prevention
keywords: Alzheimer disease; anxiety; hypertension.; neuropsychological; pathophysiology