title: Inappropriate medicine prescribing in older South Africans: A cross-sectional analysis of medicine claims data.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Prescribing for older patients is a well-recognised problem, and inappropriate items are prescribed frequently. Several tools and criteria are available to promote rational prescribing in older patients.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To determine the prevalence of potentially inappropriate prescriptions (PIPs) in older South African patients.
  
  
  METHODS
  A retrospective drug utilisation review was conducted using medicine claims data over a 1-year period. Patients aged ≥65 years with at least one paid claim for any medicine item during this period were included. The prevalence of PIPs was identified by applying the 2012-Beers criteria list.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A total of 103 420 patients, mean age 74.0 years (standard deviation 6.7), 57.1% female, were included in the analysis. The number of PIPs identified was 562 852 in 71 206 patients (68.9%). The most common medicines inappropriately prescribed were oestrogen (oral and patch formulations only) (12.4%), meloxicam (7.3%), amitriptyline and combinations thereof (6.5%), diclofenac (6.4%), ibuprofen (6.1%), alprazolam (5.3%), meprobamate and combinations thereof (5.0%), sliding-scale insulin (3.3%), amiodarone (3.1%) and doxazosin (2.6%). Medicines were inappropriately prescribed to women statistically significantly more often than to men (1.9:1; p&lt;0.001), although this difference was not of practical significance (Cramér's V=0.06).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Medicine use in older patients must be appropriate and evaluated regularly. According to explicit criteria, PIPs were found to be common in older patients registered on the database. Monitoring of PIPs may increase the quality of prescribing, but explicit criteria cannot substitute for clinical judgement based on the individual patient.
authors.affiliation: Medicine Usage in South Africa (MUSA), Faculty of Health Sciences, North-West University (Potchefstroom campus), South Africa. julandivanheerden@gmail.com.
authors.forename: J A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Van Heerden
authors.forename: J R
authors.initials: JR
authors.lastname: Burger
authors.forename: J J
authors.initials: JJ
authors.lastname: Gerber