title: Carpal Coalitions and Metacarpal Synostoses: A Review.
abstract: Background:Carpal coalition and metacarpal synostosis are uncommon congenital anomalies of the carpus and hand.Methods:A comprehensive review of the literature was performed to help guide surgical and non-surgical treatment of carpal coalition and metacarpal synostosis.Results:The embryology, epidemiology, medical and surgical management, and associated outcomes are detailed.Conclusions:Most patients with these disorders will likely benefit from conservative measures. Surgery should be considered in patients with pain and limitations in wrist and hand function.
authors.affiliation: Emory School of Medicine, Department of Orthopaedics, Atlanta, GA, USA.
authors.forename: Michael B
authors.initials: MB
authors.lastname: Gottschalk
authors.affiliation: University of Texas Medical Branch School of Medicine, Galveston, USA.
authors.forename: Maxim
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Danilevich
authors.affiliation: Dell Children's Medical Center, Austin, TX, USA; Central Texas Pediatric Orthopedics, Austin, TX, USA.
authors.forename: Hilton P
authors.initials: HP
authors.lastname: Gottschalk
mesh_terms: D002348:Carpal Bones / Q000002:abnormalities* / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000196:embryology; D006801:Humans; D050279:Metacarpal Bones / Q000002:abnormalities* / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000196:embryology; D011859:Radiography; D013580:Synostosis / Q000145:classification / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000601:surgery / Q000628:therapy*; D014955:Wrist Joint / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging
keywords: carpal coalition; congenital; hand coalitions; lunotriquetral coalition; synostosis