title: Immunomodulatory/anti-inflammatory effect of ZOE-based dental materials.
abstract: The study assessed the cytotoxicity and immunomodulatory/anti-inflammatory effect of extract from zinc oxide-eugenol (ZOE)-based dental materials during setting using immortalized human dental pulp stem cells (IHDPSCs) and mouse bone marrow monocytes (IMBMMs), and identified the responsible extract component.
  
  
  
  In accord with the ISO 10993-12, we extracted a mixture of ZOE cement and sealer after a specified time. The extract was analyzed by two types of mass spectrometry (ICP-MS and GC-MS). Cell viability was evaluated with extract and serial concentrations of ZnCl2, ZnSO4, and eugenol liquid by WST assay. The immunomodulatory/anti-inflammatory effect of a ZOE component was determined by RT-PCR to detect the downregulatory effect of inflammatory mRNA expression after lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced inflammation.
  
  
  
  Zn2+and eugenol (2-20ppm) were detected in the ZOE cement and sealer extracts. During the early stage of setting, significant cytotoxicity was observed in IHDPSCs and IMBMMs (p<0.05). The half maximal effective concentration of Zn2+was 5-8ppm, whereas that of eugenol could not be detected within 80ppm. After extract treatment, the expression of inflammatory mRNA was significantly lower in inflamed IHDPSCs, but not inflamed IMBMMs, than in the LPS control (p<0.05). However, eugenol, not Zn2+, at 5-20ppm downregulated inflammatory mRNA expression in the inflamed IMBMMs with and without the exchange of LPS-pretreated medium.
  
  
  
  ZOE was highly cytotoxic, especially during setting, to both cells due to Zn2+while the immunomodulatory/anti-inflammatory effect of ZOE was induced by eugenol.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Tissue Regeneration Engineering (ITREN), Dankook University, Cheonan 31116, Republic of Korea; Department and Research Institute of Dental Biomaterials and Bioengineering, BK21 PLUS Project, College of Dentistry, Yonsei University, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Jung-Hwan
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.affiliation: Institute of Tissue Regeneration Engineering (ITREN), Dankook University, Cheonan 31116, Republic of Korea; Department of Biomaterials Science, College of Dentistry, Dankook University, Cheonan 31116, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Hae-Hyoung
authors.initials: HH
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.affiliation: Institute of Tissue Regeneration Engineering (ITREN), Dankook University, Cheonan 31116, Republic of Korea; Department of Biomaterials Science, College of Dentistry, Dankook University, Cheonan 31116, Republic of Korea; Department of Nanobiomedical Science and BK21 PLUS NBM Global Research Center for Regenerative Medicine, Dankook University, Cheonan 31116, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Hae-Won
authors.initials: HW
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.affiliation: Department of Microbiology, BK 21 Project for Medical Science, Institute for Immunology and Immunological Diseases, College of Medicine, Yonsei University, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Je-Wook
authors.initials: JW
authors.lastname: Yu
authors.affiliation: Department and Research Institute of Dental Biomaterials and Bioengineering, BK21 PLUS Project, College of Dentistry, Yonsei University, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Kyoung-Nam
authors.initials: KN
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.affiliation: Department and Research Institute of Dental Biomaterials and Bioengineering, BK21 PLUS Project, College of Dentistry, Yonsei University, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea. Electronic address: kmkim@yuhs.ac.
authors.forename: Kwang-Mahn
authors.initials: KM
authors.lastname: Kim
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D003782:Dental Pulp / Q000166:cytology / Q000276:immunology*; D005054:Eugenol / Q000633:toxicity*; D006801:Humans; D007249:Inflammation; D051379:Mice; D012387:Root Canal Filling Materials / Q000633:toxicity*; D015035:Zinc Oxide-Eugenol Cement
chemical_list: D012387:Root Canal Filling Materials; D015035:Zinc Oxide-Eugenol Cement; D005054:Eugenol
keywords: Eugenol; Human dental pulp cells; Immortalized mouse bone marrow monocyte; Immunomodulatory/anti-inflammatory; Zinc ion; Zinc oxide eugenol