title: Relationship Between Attitudes and Beliefs and Physical Activity in Older Adults With Knee Pain: Secondary Analysis of a Randomized Controlled Trial.
abstract: To investigate how attitudes and beliefs about exercise relate to physical activity behavior in older adults with knee pain attributable to osteoarthritis (OA).
  
  
  
  We conducted secondary data analyses of a randomized controlled trial of exercise interventions (ISRCTN: 93634563). Participants were adults ≥45 years old with knee pain attributable to OA (n = 514). Crude and adjusted cross-sectional and longitudinal associations between baseline Self-Efficacy for Exercise (SEE), Positive Outcome Expectations for Exercise (POEE), Negative Outcome Expectations for Exercise scores, and physical activity level, at baseline, 3 months, and 6 months (measured by self-report using the Physical Activity Scale for the Elderly [PASE]), and important increases in physical activity level (from baseline to 6-month followup) were investigated using multiple linear and logistic regression.
  
  
  
  Cross-sectional associations were found between SEE and PASE scores (β = 4.14 [95% confidence interval (95% CI) 0.26, 8.03]) and POEE and PASE scores (β = 16.71 [95% CI 1.87, 31.55]), adjusted for sociodemographic and clinical covariates. Longitudinal associations were found between baseline SEE and PASE scores at 3 months (β = 4.95 [95% CI 1.02, 8.87]) and 6 months β = 3.71 (0.26, 7.16), and baseline POEE and PASE at 3 months (β = 34.55 [95% CI 20.13, 48.97]) and 6 months (β = 25.74 [95% CI 11.99, 39.49]), adjusted for baseline PASE score and intervention arm. However, no significant associations with important increases in physical activity level were found.
  
  
  
  Greater exercise self-efficacy and more positive exercise outcome expectations were associated with higher current and future physical activity levels. These may be targets for interventions aimed at increasing physical activity.
authors.affiliation: Arthritis Research UK Primary Care Centre, Research Institute for Primary Care and Health Sciences, Keele University, Keele, Staffordshire, UK.
authors.forename: Jonathan G
authors.initials: JG
authors.lastname: Quicke
authors.affiliation: Arthritis Research UK Primary Care Centre, Research Institute for Primary Care and Health Sciences, Keele University, Keele, Staffordshire, UK.
authors.forename: Nadine E
authors.initials: NE
authors.lastname: Foster
authors.affiliation: Arthritis Research UK Primary Care Centre, Research Institute for Primary Care and Health Sciences, Keele University, Keele, Staffordshire, UK.
authors.forename: Reuben O
authors.initials: RO
authors.lastname: Ogollah
authors.affiliation: Arthritis Research UK Primary Care Centre, Research Institute for Primary Care and Health Sciences, Keele University, Keele, Staffordshire, UK.
authors.forename: Peter R
authors.initials: PR
authors.lastname: Croft
authors.affiliation: Arthritis Research UK Primary Care Centre, Research Institute for Primary Care and Health Sciences, Keele University, Keele, Staffordshire, UK.
authors.forename: Melanie A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Holden
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D018771:Arthralgia / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000523:psychology* / Q000534:rehabilitation; D001294:Attitude to Health; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D003469:Culture; D015444:Exercise / Q000523:psychology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008137:Longitudinal Studies; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D020370:Osteoarthritis, Knee / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000523:psychology* / Q000534:rehabilitation; D026741:Physical Therapy Modalities / Q000523:psychology