title: Modulatory effects of vitamin D on peripheral cellular immunity in patients with recurrent miscarriage.
abstract: We aimed to investigate the modulatory effects of vitamin D on peripheral blood cellular immune response in patients with recurrent miscarriage (RM).
  
  
  
  The effect of vitamin D on the number of peripheral blood cells, T helper 1 (Th1) cytokines, and NK cytotoxicity was measured in 99 women with RM.
  
  
  
  The percentage of CD19+B cells and NK cytotoxicity at an effector-to-target cell (E:T) ratio of 50:1, 25:1, and 12.5:1 were significantly higher in the vitamin D insufficiency group (VDI) than in the vitamin D normal group (VDN) (P<.05 each). The proportion of TNF-α-expressing Th cells was significantly higher in the vitamin D deficiency group (VDD) than in VDN (P<.05). However, there were no significant differences between VDI and VDD. This dysregulation was significantly reduced with 1,25(OH)2D supplementation.
  
  
  
  The data suggest that the abnormalities of cellular immune response were observed in RM patients with a low vitamin D level, which could be regulated to some extent with 1,25(OH)2D supplementation.
authors.affiliation: Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Reproductive Immunology for Peri-implantation, Shenzhen Zhongshan Institute for Reproduction and Genetics Fertility Center, Shenzhen Zhongshan Urology Hospital, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China.
authors.forename: Xian
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.affiliation: The State Key Laboratory of Medical Genetics of China, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China.
authors.forename: Biao
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Yin
authors.affiliation: Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Reproductive Immunology for Peri-implantation, Shenzhen Zhongshan Institute for Reproduction and Genetics Fertility Center, Shenzhen Zhongshan Urology Hospital, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China.
authors.forename: Ruo-Chun
authors.initials: RC
authors.lastname: Lian
authors.affiliation: Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Reproductive Immunology for Peri-implantation, Shenzhen Zhongshan Institute for Reproduction and Genetics Fertility Center, Shenzhen Zhongshan Urology Hospital, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China.
authors.forename: Tao
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Reproductive Immunology for Peri-implantation, Shenzhen Zhongshan Institute for Reproduction and Genetics Fertility Center, Shenzhen Zhongshan Urology Hospital, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China.
authors.forename: Hong-Zhan
authors.initials: HZ
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Reproductive Immunology for Peri-implantation, Shenzhen Zhongshan Institute for Reproduction and Genetics Fertility Center, Shenzhen Zhongshan Urology Hospital, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China.
authors.forename: Liang-Hui
authors.initials: LH
authors.lastname: Diao
authors.affiliation: Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Reproductive Immunology for Peri-implantation, Shenzhen Zhongshan Institute for Reproduction and Genetics Fertility Center, Shenzhen Zhongshan Urology Hospital, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China.
authors.forename: Yu-Ye
authors.initials: YY
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Reproductive Immunology for Peri-implantation, Shenzhen Zhongshan Institute for Reproduction and Genetics Fertility Center, Shenzhen Zhongshan Urology Hospital, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China.
authors.forename: Chun-Yu
authors.initials: CY
authors.lastname: Huang
authors.affiliation: The State Key Laboratory of Medical Genetics of China, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China.
authors.forename: De-Sheng
authors.initials: DS
authors.lastname: Liang
authors.affiliation: Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Reproductive Immunology for Peri-implantation, Shenzhen Zhongshan Institute for Reproduction and Genetics Fertility Center, Shenzhen Zhongshan Urology Hospital, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China.
authors.forename: Yong
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Zeng
mesh_terms: D000026:Abortion, Habitual / Q000178:diet therapy / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology* / Q000473:pathology; D000284:Administration, Oral; D000328:Adult; D001402:B-Lymphocytes / Q000187:drug effects / Q000276:immunology / Q000473:pathology; D002117:Calcitriol / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D003602:Cytotoxicity, Immunologic; D005260:Female; D015870:Gene Expression; D006801:Humans; D007155:Immunologic Factors / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D016130:Immunophenotyping; D007371:Interferon-gamma / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology; D007694:Killer Cells, Natural / Q000187:drug effects / Q000276:immunology / Q000473:pathology; D011247:Pregnancy; D018417:Th1 Cells / Q000187:drug effects / Q000276:immunology / Q000473:pathology; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology; D014808:Vitamin D Deficiency / Q000178:diet therapy / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology* / Q000473:pathology
chemical_list: D007155:Immunologic Factors; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha; D007371:Interferon-gamma; D002117:Calcitriol
keywords: 1, 25-dihydroxyvitamin D; NK cytotoxicity; Th1 cytokines; peripheral blood lymphocyte; recurrent miscarriage