title: Ecotoxicity and environmental safety related to nano-scale zerovalent iron remediation applications.
abstract: This mini-review summarizes the current information that has been published on the various effects of nano-scale zerovalent iron (nZVI) on microbial biota, with an emphasis on reports that highlight the positive aspects of its application or its stimulatory effects on microbiota. By nature, nZVI is a highly reactive substance; thus, the possibility of nZVI being toxic is commonly suspected. Accordingly, the cytotoxicity of nZVI and the toxicity of nZVI-related products have been detected by laboratory tests and documented in the literature. However, there are numerous other published studies on its useful nature, which are usually skipped in reviews that deal only with the phenomenon of toxicity. Therefore, the objective of this article is to review both recent publications reporting the toxic effects of nZVI on microbiota and studies documenting the positive effects of nZVI on various environmental remediation processes. Although cytotoxicity is an issue of general importance and relevance, nZVI can reduce the overall toxicity of a contaminated site, which ultimately results in the creation of better living conditions for the autochthonous microflora. Moreover, nZVI changes the properties of the site in a manner such that it can also be used as a tool in a tailor-made approach to support a specific microbial community for the decontamination of a particular polluted site.
authors.affiliation: Institute for Environmental Studies, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Benátská 2, 128 01, Prague 2, Czech Republic.|Institute of Microbiology, v.v.i., Czech Academy of Sciences, Vídeňská 1083, 142 20, Prague 4, Czech Republic.
authors.forename: Jaroslav
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Semerád
authors.affiliation: Institute for Environmental Studies, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Benátská 2, 128 01, Prague 2, Czech Republic. cajthaml@biomed.cas.cz.|Institute of Microbiology, v.v.i., Czech Academy of Sciences, Vídeňská 1083, 142 20, Prague 4, Czech Republic. cajthaml@biomed.cas.cz.
authors.forename: Tomáš
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Cajthaml
mesh_terms: D000890:Anti-Infective Agents / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000633:toxicity; D004783:Environmental Microbiology; D052918:Environmental Restoration and Remediation; D007501:Iron / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000633:toxicity; D064307:Microbiota / Q000187:drug effects*; D049329:Nanostructures / Q000633:toxicity
chemical_list: D000890:Anti-Infective Agents; D007501:Iron
keywords: In situ remediation; Nano-scale zerovalent iron; Oxidative stress; Stimulation; Toxicity