title: Exposure to bisphenol A is directly associated with inflammation in healthy Korean adults.
abstract: It was recently discovered that bisphenol A (BPA) and phthalates are cardiovascular disruptors. Inflammation is central to the initiation and progression of cardiovascular disease (CVD). This study evaluated whether BPA and different phthalate metabolites are associated with the inflammation marker high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP) in healthy Korean adults. This research is part of an ongoing, population-based study of Korean adults (30-64 years of age) conducted at the Cardiovascular and Metabolic Diseases Etiology Research Center (CMERC). The study enrolled 200 healthy volunteers (96 men, 104 women). Plasma hs-CRP was measured as an inflammation marker. BPA and five phthalate metabolites in urine were analyzed by using liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry. BPA and monobenzyl phthalate (MBzP) differed significantly between the low-hs-CRP (<2 mg/L) and high-hs-CRP (≥2 mg/L) groups. BPA and MBzP were related to hs-CRP in an inverted L-shaped manner. High BPA levels (≥75th percentile) had significant odd ratios (ORs) for high hs-CRP even after adjusting for confounding factors related to obesity and insulin resistance, such as visceral fat volume, body mass index (BMI), adiponectin, high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol, hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c), and homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) (OR = 2.85; 95 % CI, 1.16-6.97). However, there was no significant association for MBzP ≥75th percentile. BPA was significantly related to high hs-CRP, even after adjusting for factors related to obesity and insulin resistance. Therefore, BPA could have a direct relationship with systemic inflammation regardless of obesity or insulin resistance.
authors.affiliation: Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Ajou University School of Medicine, 164 World cup-ro, Yeongtong-gu, Suwon, 16499, South Korea.|Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disease Etiology Research Center, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, South Korea.
authors.forename: Yong Jun
authors.initials: YJ
authors.lastname: Choi
authors.affiliation: Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Ajou University School of Medicine, 164 World cup-ro, Yeongtong-gu, Suwon, 16499, South Korea.|Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disease Etiology Research Center, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, South Korea.
authors.forename: Kyoung Hwa
authors.initials: KH
authors.lastname: Ha
authors.affiliation: Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Ajou University School of Medicine, 164 World cup-ro, Yeongtong-gu, Suwon, 16499, South Korea. djkim@ajou.ac.kr.|Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disease Etiology Research Center, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, South Korea. djkim@ajou.ac.kr.
authors.forename: Dae Jung
authors.initials: DJ
authors.lastname: Kim
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001559:Benzhydryl Compounds / Q000097:blood* / Q000633:toxicity / Q000652:urine; D001685:Biological Factors / Q000097:blood; D015992:Body Mass Index; D002097:C-Reactive Protein / Q000032:analysis*; D015986:Confounding Factors, Epidemiologic; D004781:Environmental Exposure / Q000032:analysis*; D004785:Environmental Pollutants / Q000097:blood* / Q000633:toxicity / Q000652:urine; D005260:Female; D064368:Healthy Volunteers; D006801:Humans; D007249:Inflammation / Q000097:blood* / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000652:urine; D007333:Insulin Resistance; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009765:Obesity / Q000097:blood; D010636:Phenols / Q000097:blood* / Q000633:toxicity / Q000652:urine; D056910:Republic of Korea; D000098826:Bisphenol A Compounds
chemical_list: D001559:Benzhydryl Compounds; D001685:Biological Factors; D002097:C-Reactive Protein; D004785:Environmental Pollutants; D010636:Phenols; C006780:bisphenol A; D000098826:Bisphenol A Compounds
keywords: Bisphenol A; High-sensitivity C-reactive protein; Inflammation; Phthalate metabolites; hs-CRP