title: Protective Effect of the Plant Extracts of Erythroxylum sp. against Toxic Effects Induced by the Venom of Lachesis muta Snake.
abstract: Snake venoms are composed of a complex mixture of active proteins that induce toxic effects, such as edema, hemorrhage, and death.Lachesis mutahas the highest lethality indices in Brazil. In most cases, antivenom fails to neutralize local effects, leading to disabilities in victims. Thus, alternative treatments are under investigation, and plant extracts are promising candidates. The objective of this work was to investigate the ability of crude extracts, fractions, or isolated products ofErythroxylum ovalifoliumandErythroxylum subsessileto neutralize some toxic effects ofL. mutavenom. All samples were mixed withL. mutavenom, then in vivo (hemorrhage and edema) and in vitro (proteolysis, coagulation, and hemolysis) assays were performed. Overall, crude extracts or fractions ofErythroxylumspp. inhibited (20%-100%) toxic effects of the venom, but products achieved an inhibition of 4%-30%. However, when venom was injected into mice before the plant extracts, hemorrhage and edema were not inhibited by the samples. On the other hand, an inhibition of 5%-40% was obtained when extracts or products were given before venom injection. These results indicate that the extracts or products ofErythroxylumspp. could be a promising source of molecules able to treat local toxic effects of envenomation byL. mutavenom, aiding in the development of new strategies for antivenom treatment.
authors.affiliation: Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Institute of Biology, Federal Fluminense University, Niterói 24020-141, RJ, Brazil. eduardocoriolano@globo.com.
authors.forename: Eduardo
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Coriolano de Oliveira
authors.affiliation: Department of Biological and Health Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, Federal University of Amapá, Macapá 68903-419, AP, Brazil. rodrigo@unifap.br.
authors.forename: Rodrigo
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Alves Soares Cruz
authors.affiliation: Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Institute of Biology, Federal Fluminense University, Niterói 24020-141, RJ, Brazil. nayanna_bio@hotmail.com.
authors.forename: Nayanna
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: de Mello Amorim
authors.affiliation: Faculdade de Formação de Professores, University of the State of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro 24435-005, RJ, Brazil. marceloguerrasantos@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Marcelo
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Guerra Santos
authors.affiliation: Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Institute of Biology, Federal Fluminense University, Niterói 24020-141, RJ, Brazil. jrbuzios@yahoo.com.br.
authors.forename: Luiz
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Carlos Simas Pereira Junior
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Biochemistry of Proteins from Animal Venoms, Research and Development Center, Ezequiel Dias Foundation, Belo Horizonte 30510-010, MG, Brazil. eladiooswaldo@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Eladio Oswaldo
authors.initials: EO
authors.lastname: Flores Sanchez
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Phytopharmaceutical Nanobiotechnology, Department of Biological and Health Sciences, Federal University of Amapá, Macapá 68903-419, AP, Brazil. caio_pfernandes@yahoo.com.br.
authors.forename: Caio
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Pinho Fernandes
authors.affiliation: Mass Spectrometry Laboratory, Institute of Chemistry, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro 21941-598, RJ, Brazil. rafael_garrett@iq.ufrj.br.
authors.forename: Rafael
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Garrett
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Fluminense Federal University, Niterói 24210-346, RJ, Brazil. lean@vm.uff.br.
authors.forename: Leandro
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Machado Rocha
authors.affiliation: Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Institute of Biology, Federal Fluminense University, Niterói 24020-141, RJ, Brazil. andrefuly@id.uff.br.
authors.forename: André
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Lopes Fuly
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001777:Blood Coagulation / Q000187:drug effects; D045424:Complex Mixtures / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology*; D004487:Edema / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000188:drug therapy; D006461:Hemolysis / Q000187:drug effects; D006470:Hemorrhage / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000188:drug therapy; D066298:In Vitro Techniques; D019684:Magnoliopsida / Q000737:chemistry*; D051379:Mice; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology*; D012910:Snake Venoms / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors* / Q000633:toxicity; D017819:Viperidae / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D045424:Complex Mixtures; D010936:Plant Extracts; D012910:Snake Venoms
keywords: Antivenom; Erythroxylum ovalifolium; Erythroxylum subsessile; Lachesis muta; Plants; snake venom