title: Colonization of internal organs by Salmonella serovars Heidelberg and Typhimurium in experimentally infected laying hens housed in enriched colony cages at different stocking densities.
abstract: Contaminated eggs produced by infected commercial laying flocks are often implicated as sources of human infections with Salmonella Enteritidis, but Salmonella serovars Heidelberg and Typhimurium have also been associated with egg-transmitted illness. Contamination of the edible contents of eggs is a consequence of the colonization of reproductive tissues in systemically infected hens. In recent years, the animal welfare implications of diverse poultry housing and management systems have been vigorously debated, but the food safety significance of laying hen housing remains uncertain. The present study evaluated the effects of 2 different bird stocking densities on the invasion of internal organs by Salmonella serovars Heidelberg and Typhimurium in groups of experimentally infected laying hens housed in colony cages enriched with perching and nesting areas. Laying hens were distributed at 2 different stocking densities (648 and 973 cm2/bird) into colony cages and (along with a group housed in conventional cages at 648 cm2/bird) orally inoculated with doses of 107 cfu of 2-strain cocktails of either Salmonella Heidelberg or Salmonella Typhimurium. At 5 to 6 d post-inoculation, hens were euthanized and samples of internal organs (cecum, liver, spleen, ovary, and oviduct) were removed for bacteriologic culturing. The overall frequency of Salmonella isolation from ceca after inoculation with strains of serovar Heidelberg (83.3%) was significantly (P < 0.001) greater than the corresponding value for strains of serovar Typhimurium (53.8%), whereas Salmonella was recovered significantly more often from both livers (85.2% vs. 53.7%; P < 0.0001) and spleens (78.7% vs. 56.5%; P = 0.0008) after inoculation with strains of serovar Typhimurium than strains of serovar Heidelberg. However, there were no significant differences (P > 0.05) between stocking densities or cage systems in the frequencies of isolation of either Salmonella serovar from any of the five sampled tissues. These results contrast with prior studies, which reported increased susceptibility to internal organ invasion by Salmonella Enteritidis among hens in conventional cages at higher stocking densities.
authors.affiliation: USDA Agricultural Research Service, U. S. National Poultry Research Center Athens, Georgia 30605.
authors.forename: Richard K
authors.initials: RK
authors.lastname: Gast
authors.affiliation: USDA Agricultural Research Service, U. S. National Poultry Research Center Athens, Georgia 30605.
authors.forename: Rupa
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Guraya
authors.affiliation: USDA Agricultural Research Service, U. S. National Poultry Research Center Athens, Georgia 30605.
authors.forename: Deana R
authors.initials: DR
authors.lastname: Jones
authors.affiliation: USDA Agricultural Research Service, U. S. National Poultry Research Center Athens, Georgia 30605.
authors.forename: Jean
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Guard
authors.affiliation: Department of Poultry Science, North Carolina State University Raleigh, NC 29765.
authors.forename: Kenneth E
authors.initials: KE
authors.lastname: Anderson
authors.affiliation: Department of Animal Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907.
authors.forename: Darrin M
authors.initials: DM
authors.lastname: Karcher
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002432:Cecum / Q000382:microbiology; D002645:Chickens; D005260:Female; D006799:Housing, Animal; D008099:Liver / Q000382:microbiology; D010053:Ovary / Q000382:microbiology; D010057:Oviducts / Q000382:microbiology; D011201:Poultry Diseases / Q000382:microbiology*; D012481:Salmonella Infections, Animal / Q000382:microbiology*; D019779:Salmonella enterica / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D012486:Salmonella typhimurium / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D065288:Serogroup; D013154:Spleen / Q000382:microbiology
keywords: Salmonella Heidelberg; Salmonella Typhimurium; conventional cages; enriched colony cages; laying hens; stocking density