title: Assessment of two-way relationship between periodontal disease and gestational diabetes mellitus: A case-control study.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is glucose intolerance which begins during pregnancy. Few studies have examined the association between periodontal disease and GDM.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  The aim of this study was to assess the association between periodontal disease and GDM.
  
  
  METHODS
  The study population comprised ninety patients, out of which thirty were cases and sixty were controls. All cases underwent a laboratory screening test for GDM between 24 and 30 weeks of gestation based on the recommendation of the obstetricians and gynecologists. To assess the periodontal status, a full-mouth periodontal examination assessing the probing depth, periodontal depth, bleeding on probing, clinical attachment level, and gingival recession was performed on all study participants by a single trained examiner. Tests for associations were performed using Chi-square statistics and multivariate logistic regression analysis.
  
  
  RESULTS
  None of the periodontitis conditions was found to be a significant predictor of GDM. In GDM patients, 70% of females were having periodontal disease whereas non-GDM patients 77% of patient had periodontal disease.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The present study did not show any positive association between periodontal disease and GDM.
authors.affiliation: Department of Public Health Dentistry, Teerthanker Mahaveer Dental College and Research Centre, Moradabad, Uttar Pradesh, India.
authors.forename: Monika
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kalra
authors.affiliation: Department of Public Health Dentistry, Teerthanker Mahaveer Dental College and Research Centre, Moradabad, Uttar Pradesh, India.
authors.forename: Pradeep
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Tangade
authors.affiliation: Department of Public Health Dentistry, Teerthanker Mahaveer Dental College and Research Centre, Moradabad, Uttar Pradesh, India.
authors.forename: Himanshu
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Punia
authors.affiliation: Department of Public Health Dentistry, Teerthanker Mahaveer Dental College and Research Centre, Moradabad, Uttar Pradesh, India.
authors.forename: Vipul
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Gupta
authors.affiliation: Department of Public Health Dentistry, Rungta College of Dental Science and Research, Bhilai, Chhattisgarh, India.
authors.forename: Hunny
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Sharma
authors.affiliation: Department of Public Health Dentistry, Teerthanker Mahaveer Dental College and Research Centre, Moradabad, Uttar Pradesh, India.
authors.forename: Ankita
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Jain
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D016640:Diabetes, Gestational / Q000453:epidemiology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007194:India / Q000453:epidemiology; D010510:Periodontal Diseases / Q000453:epidemiology*; D011247:Pregnancy; D012307:Risk Factors