title: Association of Overweight with Food Portion Size among Adults of São Paulo - Brazil.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Although studies show that portion size affects energy intake, few have demonstrated a link between portion size and weight status, especially in free-living populations. The objective of the present study was to assess the relationship between food portion sizes and overweight in a representative population of adults of São Paulo, Brazil.
  
  
  METHODS
  Cross-sectional population-based study with 1005 adults from São Paulo, Brazil. Dietary data were obtained from two 24-hour recalls. Reported foods were classified into groups and energy contribution, prevalence of consumers and portion sizes were calculated. Individuals were classified according to BMI in with and without overweight. Logistic regression models were used to evaluate the association between food portion sizes and being overweight.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The most consumed food groups were: beans, breads/rolls, coffee/tea, milk, rice, and sugar. Rice, red meat, breads/rolls, and white meat were the groups with the highest percentage of contribution to total energy intake. Butter/margarine, toasts/biscuits, sugar, and cakes were the groups with the highest energy density. After adjustment for confounding variables, overweight was associated with larger portions of pizza (OR = 1.052; p = 0.048), red meat (OR = 1.025; p = 0.043), rice (OR = 1.033; p<0.001), salted snacks (OR = 1.078; p = 0.022), and soft drinks (OR = 1.016; p = 0.007).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Larger portions of few food groups with different energy densities were associated with being overweight, suggesting that overweight may be related to the consumption of larger portion sizes of a series of food groups, not a food group alone. Additionally, we highlight the importance of considering underreporting as a confounding factor in these associations.
authors.affiliation: Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.
authors.forename: Jaqueline Lopes
authors.identifier: http://orcid.org/0000-0002-0009-1040
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: Pereira
authors.affiliation: Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.
authors.forename: Aline
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Mendes
authors.affiliation: Department of Nutrition, Federal University of Paraná, Curitiba, Paraná, Brazil.
authors.forename: Sandra Patricia
authors.initials: SP
authors.lastname: Crispim
authors.affiliation: Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.
authors.forename: Dirce Maria
authors.initials: DM
authors.lastname: Marchioni
authors.affiliation: Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.
authors.forename: Regina Mara
authors.initials: RM
authors.lastname: Fisberg
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D001938:Brazil; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D002149:Energy Intake; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009749:Nutrition Surveys; D050177:Overweight / Q000453:epidemiology*; D064787:Portion Size / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D012307:Risk Factors