title: The management of acne vulgaris in primary care: a cohort study of consulting and prescribing patterns using the Clinical Practice Research Datalink.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Effective management of acne vulgaris in primary care involves support (usually provided over a number of consultations) and prescription of effective treatments. However, consulting and prescribing patterns for acne in primary care are not well described.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To describe the rate of primary-care consultations and follow-up consultations; prescribing patterns, including overall use of acne-related medications (ARMs); and initial and follow-up prescription for acne vulgaris in the U.K.
  
  
  METHODS
  U.K. primary-care acne consultations and prescriptions for ARMs were identified in the Clinical Practice Research Datalink. Annual consultation rates (between 2004 and 2013) by age and sex, new consultations and consultations in the subsequent year were calculated, along with prescribing trends - during a new consultation and over the subsequent 90 days and year - using the number of registered patients as the denominator.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Two-thirds (66·1%) of patients who had a new acne consultation had no further acne consultations in the subsequent year. Overall 26·7%, 24·9%, and 23·6% and 2·8% of patients were prescribed no ARM, an oral antibiotic, a topical antibiotic or an oral plus topical antibiotic, respectively, during a new acne consultation. In total 60·1% and 38·6% of patients prescribed an ARM received no further ARM prescriptions in the following 90 days and 1 year, respectively, despite most prescriptions being for 2 months or less. Prescribing rates for lymecycline and topical combined clindamycin and benzoyl peroxide increased substantially between 2004 and 2013. There were no important changes in consultation rates between 2004 and 2013.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These data suggest that patients with acne are receiving a suboptimal initial choice of ARMs, longitudinal care and prescribing.
authors.affiliation: Division of Population Medicine, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Neuadd Meirionnydd, Heath Park, Cardiff, CF14 4YS, U.K.
authors.forename: N A
authors.initials: NA
authors.lastname: Francis
authors.affiliation: Division of Population Medicine, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Neuadd Meirionnydd, Heath Park, Cardiff, CF14 4YS, U.K.
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Entwistle
authors.affiliation: Primary Care and Population Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton, U.K.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Santer
authors.affiliation: Hull York Medical School, Universities of York and Hull, U.K.
authors.forename: A M
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Layton
authors.affiliation: Harrogate and District NHS Foundation Trust, Harrogate, U.K.
authors.forename: E A
authors.initials: EA
authors.lastname: Eady
authors.affiliation: Nuffield Department of Primary Health Care Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, U.K.
authors.forename: C C
authors.initials: CC
authors.lastname: Butler
mesh_terms: D000152:Acne Vulgaris / Q000188:drug therapy*; D000284:Administration, Oral; D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D002648:Child; D011307:Drug Prescriptions / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008137:Longitudinal Studies; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010342:Patient Acceptance of Health Care / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D010818:Practice Patterns, Physicians'; D055553:Prescription Drugs / Q000008:administration & dosage; D011320:Primary Health Care / Q000379:methods* / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D012017:Referral and Consultation / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D006113:United Kingdom; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents; D055553:Prescription Drugs