title: Gd-Chelated poly(propylene imine) dendrimers with densely organized maltose shells for enhanced MR imaging applications.
abstract: We report the design of the fourth generation poly(propylene imine) (PPI) glycodendrimers for magnetic resonance (MR) imaging applications. The glycodendrimers were designed to have a densely organized maltose shell (MAL DS) and several tetraazacyclododecane tetraacetic acid (DOTA) ligands that were attached to the periphery of the PPI dendrimers for Gd(iii) chelation. We show that the formed MAL DS-modified PPI dendrimers possess good cytocompatibility and hemocompatibility in the studied concentration range. With the longitudinal relaxivity (r1) of PPI-MAL DS-DOTA(Gd) (10.2 mM-1s-1), which is 3.0 times higher than that of DOTA(Gd) (3.4 mM-1s-1), the developed PPI-MAL DS-DOTA(Gd) nanocomplexes can be used as an efficient contrast agent for MR imaging of cancer cells in vitro, and animal aorta, renal artery, kidney, and bladder in vivo. Furthermore, tissue distribution studies show that the glycodendrimer/Gd complexes are metabolized and cleared out of the body at 48 h post injection. The developed PPI-MAL DS-DOTA(Gd) may be further functionalized for MR imaging of different biological systems.
authors.affiliation: College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, Donghua University, Shanghai 201620, People's Republic of China. xshi@dhu.edu.cn.
authors.forename: Zhijuan
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Xiong
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, Shanghai Songjiang District Central Hospital, Shanghai 201600, People's Republic of China. xiajd_21@163.com.
authors.forename: Yue
authors.identifier: http://orcid.org/0000-0001-5605-6925
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, Donghua University, Shanghai 201620, People's Republic of China. xshi@dhu.edu.cn.
authors.forename: Jingyi
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Zhu
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, Shanghai Songjiang District Central Hospital, Shanghai 201600, People's Republic of China. xiajd_21@163.com.
authors.forename: Yao
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: He
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, Shanghai Songjiang District Central Hospital, Shanghai 201600, People's Republic of China. xiajd_21@163.com.
authors.forename: Jiao
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Qu
authors.affiliation: Leibniz Institute of Polymer Research Dresden, 01069 Dresden, Germany. applhans@ipfdd.de.
authors.forename: Christiane
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Effenberg
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, Shanghai Songjiang District Central Hospital, Shanghai 201600, People's Republic of China. xiajd_21@163.com.
authors.forename: Jindong
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Xia
authors.affiliation: Leibniz Institute of Polymer Research Dresden, 01069 Dresden, Germany. applhans@ipfdd.de.
authors.forename: Dietmar
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Appelhans
authors.affiliation: College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, Donghua University, Shanghai 201620, People's Republic of China. xshi@dhu.edu.cn and CQM-Centro de Química da Madeira, Universidade da Madeira, Campus da Penteada, 9000-390 Funchal, Portugal.
authors.forename: Xiangyang
authors.identifier: http://orcid.org/0000-0001-6785-6645
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Shi
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D003287:Contrast Media / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000378:metabolism*; D050091:Dendrimers / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism*; D005682:Gadolinium / Q000737:chemistry*; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging / Q000379:methods*; D008320:Maltose / Q000737:chemistry*; D011126:Polypropylenes / Q000737:chemistry*
chemical_list: D003287:Contrast Media; D050091:Dendrimers; D011126:Polypropylenes; C443641:poly(propyleneimine); D008320:Maltose; D005682:Gadolinium