title: Physiological Challenges to Fishes in a Warmer and Acidified Future.
abstract: With the projected levels of global warming and ocean acidification, fishes have to face warmer waters with CO2levels that are the highest in over 30 million years. The resultant rise in body temperature means that metabolic rates of fish will increase, and some may become energetically compromised. No less worrying, and maybe more surprising, is that rising CO2concentrations appear to trigger pH regulatory mechanisms that disrupts neural ion gradients, leading to altered neurotransmitter function and maladaptive behavioral changes. We point out the many outstanding questions, including the ultimate one: Will fish be able to adapt to these challenges?
authors.affiliation: Department of Biosciences, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway g.e.nilsson@ibv.uio.no.
authors.forename: Göran E
authors.initials: GE
authors.lastname: Nilsson
authors.affiliation: Department of Biosciences, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.
authors.forename: Sjannie
authors.identifier: 0000-0003-0865-0561
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Lefevre
mesh_terms: D000220:Adaptation, Biological / Q000502:physiology*; D000818:Animals; D005399:Fishes / Q000502:physiology*; D005544:Forecasting; D057232:Global Warming; D006801:Humans; D006863:Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; D013696:Temperature