title: Active surveillance of avian influenza viruses in Egyptian poultry, 2015.
abstract: Surveillance for avian influenza viruses in Egyptian poultry has been conducted since 2009. Up to 2011, all the detected viruses were H5N1, and the overall prevalence was 5%. In 2011, H9N2 viruses were observed to be co-circulating and co-infecting the same hosts as H5N1 viruses. Since then, the detection rate has increased to around 10%. In the 2014-2015 winter season, H5N1 was circulating heavily in poultry flocks and caused an unprecedented number of human infections. In contrast, surveillance in the last quarter of 2015 indicated a near absence of H5N1 in Egyptian poultry. Surveillance for avian influenza viruses must continue in Egypt to monitor further developments in H5N1 circulation in poultry.
authors.affiliation: Centre of Excellence for Influenza Viruses, National Research Centre, Giza, Egypt.
authors.forename: A S
authors.initials: AS
authors.lastname: Kayed
authors.affiliation: Centre of Excellence for Influenza Viruses, National Research Centre, Giza, Egypt.
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Kandeil
authors.affiliation: Centre of Excellence for Influenza Viruses, National Research Centre, Giza, Egypt.
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: El Shesheny
authors.affiliation: Centre of Excellence for Influenza Viruses, National Research Centre, Giza, Egypt.
authors.forename: M A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Ali
authors.affiliation: Human Link, Baabda, Lebanon.
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Kayali
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D004534:Egypt / Q000453:epidemiology; D006801:Humans; D053124:Influenza A Virus, H5N1 Subtype / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D053127:Influenza A Virus, H9N2 Subtype / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D005585:Influenza in Birds; D011159:Population Surveillance / Q000379:methods*; D011200:Poultry / Q000821:virology*; D012703:Serotyping