title: Effect of Genioplasty on the Pharyngeal Airway Space Following Maxillomandibular Advancement Surgery.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate the effect of genioplasty on the size of the pharyngeal airway space (PAS) in a sample of patients without obstructive sleep apnea syndrome (OSAS) undergoing maxillomandibular advancement (MMA) surgery.
  
  
  METHODS
  Lateral cephalometric radiographs of 52 patients who underwent orthognathic surgery for MMA were obtained before (T1) and after (T2) surgery. The radiographs were digitized and the anteroposterior dimensions of the PAS were measured at the nasopharynx, oropharynx, and hypopharynx levels. The sample was divided into 2 groups: MMA with genioplasty (n = 27; average age, 30.81 yr) and without genioplasty (n = 25; average age, 37.64 yr). Comparisons were made between T1 and T2 in patients with and without genioplasty. Horizontal and vertical changes of the maxilla, mandible, and chin were correlated to changes in the PAS.
  
  
  RESULTS
  MMA resulted in an increased anteroposterior PAS at the 3 levels analyzed (P < .05), except in the hypopharynx, in cases without genioplasty (P = .141). When the groups with and without genioplasty were compared, there were no significant differences (P > .05) in the PAS. There was a statistically relevant correlation between horizontal mandibular change and the oropharynx (r = 0.484 and r = 0.509, respectively) and between vertical chin change and the hypopharynx (r = 0.434 and r = 0.455, respectively) for groups with and without genioplasty. There was a statistically relevant correlation between horizontal chin change and the hypopharynx (r = 0.586) for surgeries without genioplasty.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Considering the limitations inherent to retrospective study designs, the results suggested that MMA surgery, with and without advancement genioplasty, can promote immediate gains to the PAS. A larger gain was possible in the hypopharynx for MMA with genioplasty. MMA without genioplasty could represent a greater gain in the nasopharynx and oropharynx. Further studies should evaluate functional parameters in patients with OSAS to measure the possible benefits of this increase in the PAS.
authors.affiliation: Postgraduate PhD Student, Department of Oral Sciences, School of Dentistry, Federal University of Goiás, Goiânia, Goiás, Brazil.
authors.forename: Hianne Miranda
authors.initials: HM
authors.lastname: Torres
authors.affiliation: Associate Professor, Department of Orthodontics, School of Dentistry, Federal University of Goiás, Goiânia, Goiás, Brazil.
authors.forename: José
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Valladares-Neto
authors.affiliation: Adjunct Professor, Department of Oral Rehabilitation, School of Dentistry, Federal University of Goiás, Goiânia, Goiás, Brazil.
authors.forename: Érica Miranda
authors.initials: ÉM
authors.lastname: Torres
authors.affiliation: Private Practice, Brasília, Distrito Federal, Brazil.
authors.forename: Rogério Zambonato
authors.initials: RZ
authors.lastname: Freitas
authors.affiliation: Titular Professor, Department of Oral Sciences, School of Dentistry, Federal University of Goiás, Goiânia, Goiás, Brazil. Electronic address: mariaagsilva@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Maria Alves Garcia
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Silva
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D002508:Cephalometry; D002680:Chin / Q000033:anatomy & histology / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D005260:Female; D063172:Genioplasty / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000379:methods*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008334:Mandible / Q000033:anatomy & histology / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D019186:Mandibular Advancement / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000379:methods*; D008437:Maxilla / Q000033:anatomy & histology / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D008875:Middle Aged; D010614:Pharynx / Q000033:anatomy & histology / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D011859:Radiography; D055815:Young Adult