title: A new generation approach in enzyme immobilization: Organic-inorganic hybrid nanoflowers with enhanced catalytic activity and stability.
abstract: Many different micro and nano sized materials have been used for enzymes immobilization in order to increase their catalytic activity and stability. Generally, immobilized enzymes with conventional immobilization techniques exhibit improved stability while their activity is lowered compared to free enzymes. Recently, an elegant immobilization approach was discovered in synthesis of flower-like organic-inorganic hybrid nanostructures with extraordinary catalytic activity and stability. In this novel immobilization strategy, proteins (enzymes) and metal ions acted as organic and inorganic components, respectively to form hybrid nanoflowers (hNFs). It is demonstrated that the hNFs highly enhanced catalytic activities and stability in a wide range of experimental conditions (pHs, temperatures and salt concentration, etc.) compared to free and conventionally immobilized enzymes. This review mainly discussed the synthesis, characterization, development and applications of organic-inorganic hybrid nanoflowers formed of various enzymes and metal ions and explained potential mechanism underlying enhanced catalytic activity and stability.
authors.affiliation: Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Erciyes University, 38039 Kayseri, Turkey; Nanotechnology Research Center, Erciyes University, Kayseri, 38039 Turkey.
authors.forename: Cevahir
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Altinkaynak
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Erciyes University, Kayseri, 38039 Turkey.
authors.forename: Sureyya
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Tavlasoglu
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Erciyes University, Kayseri, 38039 Turkey.
authors.forename: Nalan
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Özdemir
authors.affiliation: Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Erciyes University, 38039 Kayseri, Turkey; Nanotechnology Research Center, Erciyes University, Kayseri, 38039 Turkey. Electronic address: ismailocsoy@erciyes.edu.tr.
authors.forename: Ismail
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Ocsoy
mesh_terms: D055162:Biocatalysis; D004795:Enzyme Stability; D004800:Enzymes, Immobilized / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000378:metabolism*; D053768:Metal Nanoparticles / Q000737:chemistry / Q000648:ultrastructure; D008855:Microscopy, Electron, Scanning; D049329:Nanostructures / Q000737:chemistry / Q000648:ultrastructure; D036103:Nanotechnology
chemical_list: D004800:Enzymes, Immobilized
keywords: Enzyme; Enzyme immobilization; Nanoflower; Organic-inorganic hybrid nanostructure