title: Invasion by Trichinella spiralis infective larvae affects the levels of inflammatory cytokines in intestinal epithelial cells in vitro.
abstract: As we all know, invasion of host intestinal epithelium is very important for T. spiralis to complete successfully their life cycle. However, the mechanisms that the intestinal infective larvae (IIL) invade and migrate in the intestinal epithailial cells (IECs) remain unclear until now. The related researches have been hindered since a readily operable in vitro normal model. In our earlier study, an in vitro normal IEC invasion model was established for the first time, and the abilities of the normal IECs to initiate mucosal inflammatory responses to invasion by the IIL in vitro were evaluated in this study. When the IIL were overlaid on the normal mouse IEC monolayers, they quickly within seconds invaded the monolayers and move within the IECs, leaving trails of damaged cells. Then the larvae were found to have started their molting at 12 h, and the complete cuticle was found at 24 h. The percentage of the first molt in the larvae was about 62.3%, and the percentage of the 2nd-4th molt was about 38.2% at 36 h. Real-time PCR showed that the mRNA levels of interleukin-1β (IL-1β), IL-8, epithelial neutrophil-activating peptide 78 (ENA-78), inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), and monocyte chemotactic protein 2 (MCP-2) were elevated in the IECs after 7 h of infection after invasion by the IIL, and their levels were enhanced with the increase of larvae number. No changes in tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) mRNA were observed after the IIL invasion. Secretion increases of IL-1β and IL-8 from the IEC monolayers invaded by T. spiralis were also detected by ELISA. Secretion increases of proinflammatory cytokines and inflammatory mediators in normal IECs can launch the acute inflammatory in response to the IIL invasion. This study would be helpful in further investigating the relationship between the host and T. spiralis, and the immune escape mechanisms of the niche established by T. spiralis.
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052, China; Key Clinical Laboratory of Henan Province, Zhengzhou 450052, China.
authors.forename: Liang
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Ming
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052, China; Key Clinical Laboratory of Henan Province, Zhengzhou 450052, China.
authors.forename: Ruo Yu
authors.initials: RY
authors.lastname: Peng
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052, China; Key Clinical Laboratory of Henan Province, Zhengzhou 450052, China.
authors.forename: Lei
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: Department of General Surgery, The People's Hospital of Zhengzhou, Zhengzhou 450003, China.
authors.forename: Chun Li
authors.initials: CL
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052, China; Key Clinical Laboratory of Henan Province, Zhengzhou 450052, China.
authors.forename: Pin
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Lv
authors.affiliation: Department of Parasitology, Medical College, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052, China.
authors.forename: Zhong Quan
authors.initials: ZQ
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: Department of Parasitology, Medical College, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052, China.
authors.forename: Jing
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Cui
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052, China; Key Clinical Laboratory of Henan Province, Zhengzhou 450052, China. Electronic address: huijunren@126.com.
authors.forename: Hui Jun
authors.initials: HJ
authors.lastname: Ren
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D016207:Cytokines / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D004797:Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay; D004847:Epithelial Cells / Q000469:parasitology*; D007413:Intestinal Mucosa / Q000166:cytology / Q000469:parasitology*; D007421:Intestine, Small / Q000166:cytology / Q000196:embryology; D007814:Larva / Q000502:physiology; D051379:Mice; D008807:Mice, Inbred BALB C; D018978:Molting; D052247:Nitric Oxide Synthase Type II / Q000378:metabolism; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000378:metabolism; D060888:Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction; D012685:Sepharose / Q000378:metabolism; D013047:Specific Pathogen-Free Organisms; D017160:Trichinella spiralis / Q000276:immunology / Q000502:physiology*
chemical_list: D016207:Cytokines; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D012685:Sepharose; D052247:Nitric Oxide Synthase Type II
keywords: Cytokines; Inflammatory response; Intestinal epithelial cells; Invasion; Trichinella spiralis