title: Usability Evaluation Methods for Gesture-Based Games: A Systematic Review.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Gestural interaction systems are increasingly being used, mainly in games, expanding the idea of entertainment and providing experiences with the purpose of promoting better physical and/or mental health. Therefore, it is necessary to establish mechanisms for evaluating the usability of these interfaces, which make gestures the basis of interaction, to achieve a balance between functionality and ease of use.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  This study aims to present the results of a systematic review focused on usability evaluation methods for gesture-based games, considering devices with motion-sensing capability. We considered the usability methods used, the common interface issues, and the strategies adopted to build good gesture-based games.
  
  
  METHODS
  The research was centered on four electronic databases: IEEE, Association for Computing Machinery (ACM), Springer, and Science Direct from September 4 to 21, 2015. Within 1427 studies evaluated, 10 matched the eligibility criteria. As a requirement, we considered studies about gesture-based games, Kinect and/or Wii as devices, and the use of a usability method to evaluate the user interface.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In the 10 studies found, there was no standardization in the methods because they considered diverse analysis variables. Heterogeneously, authors used different instruments to evaluate gesture-based interfaces and no default approach was proposed. Questionnaires were the most used instruments (70%, 7/10), followed by interviews (30%, 3/10), and observation and video recording (20%, 2/10). Moreover, 60% (6/10) of the studies used gesture-based serious games to evaluate the performance of elderly participants in rehabilitation tasks. This highlights the need for creating an evaluation protocol for older adults to provide a user-friendly interface according to the user's age and limitations.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Through this study, we conclude this field is in need of a usability evaluation method for serious games, especially games for older adults, and that the definition of a methodology and a test protocol may offer the user more comfort, welfare, and confidence.
authors.affiliation: Universidade de Passo Fundo, Passo Fundo, RS, Brazil.
authors.forename: Fernando Winckler
authors.identifier: http://orcid.org/0000-0002-3987-0543
authors.initials: FW
authors.lastname: Simor
authors.forename: Manoela Rogofski
authors.identifier: http://orcid.org/0000-0001-6662-1078
authors.initials: MR
authors.lastname: Brum
authors.forename: Jaison Dairon Ebertz
authors.identifier: http://orcid.org/0000-0001-6333-2203
authors.initials: JD
authors.lastname: Schmidt
authors.forename: Rafael
authors.identifier: http://orcid.org/0000-0002-7435-9054
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Rieder
authors.forename: Ana Carolina Bertoletti
authors.identifier: http://orcid.org/0000-0002-7704-3119
authors.initials: AC
authors.lastname: De Marchi
keywords: computer games; evaluation; gestural input; gesture-based games; method; usability evaluation; usability testing