title: The Partners in Health scale for older adults: design and examination of its psychometric properties in a Dutch population of older adults.
abstract: Self-management is an important asset in helping older adults remain independent and in control for as long as possible. There is no reliable and valid measurement instrument to evaluate self-management behaviour of older adults.
  
  
  
  This study aims to design a measurement instrument, that is the Partners in Health scale for older adults (PIH-OA), to assess self-management knowledge and behaviour of community-living older adults and to examine its psychometric properties in a Dutch context.
  
  
  
  The original PIH scale was translated into Dutch and adapted to the context of community-living older adults, resulting in the PIH-OA. Data for 1127 participants (mean age 81.7, SD=4.5) from the Embrace study were used to assess the psychometric properties.
  
  
  
  Data fitted a three-factor model, covering the constructs Knowledge, Management and Coping, with good internal consistencies (Cronbach's alphas ranging from .77 to .84). Known groups validity was confirmed: no differences were found between gender, age and marital status groups, and differences were found between the education level and health status groups. Discriminant validity was confirmed by weak correlations between PIH-OA scales and scales evaluating "Perceived integrated care" and "Activities of daily living (ADL)" (r<.30), and a moderate correlation between the PIH-OA subscale "Coping" and the scale evaluating "ADL" (r=.41).
  
  
  
  The PIH-OA appears to be a reliable and valid measurement instrument for assessing the self-management knowledge and behaviour of older adults. This could help professionals provide tailored support to improve the well-being and independence of older adults.
authors.affiliation: Department of Health Sciences, Community and Occupational Medicine, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Karin
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Veldman
authors.affiliation: Department of Health Sciences, Community and Occupational Medicine, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Sijmen A
authors.initials: SA
authors.lastname: Reijneveld
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Maarten M H
authors.initials: MMH
authors.lastname: Lahr
authors.affiliation: Department of Health Sciences, Community and Occupational Medicine, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Ronald J
authors.initials: RJ
authors.lastname: Uittenbroek
authors.affiliation: Department of Health Sciences, Community and Occupational Medicine, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands.|Department of Neurology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Klaske
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Wynia
mesh_terms: D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D005260:Female; D007722:Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice; D006304:Health Status; D006801:Humans; D057187:Independent Living; D008297:Male; D009426:Netherlands; D011594:Psychometrics / Q000379:methods*; D011788:Quality of Life; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D012648:Self Care / Q000379:methods*; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires
keywords: Partners in Health scale; psychometric properties; self-management behaviour