title: Evaluation of optimum conditions for pachyman encapsulated in poly(d,l-lactic acid) nanospheres by response surface methodology and results of a related in vitro study.
abstract: This study aimed to optimize the preparation conditions of pachyman (PHY)-loaded poly(d,l-lactic acid) (PLA) (PHYP) nanospheres by response surface methodology, explore their characteristics, and assess their effects on splenic lymphocytes. Double emulsion solvent evaporation was used to synthesize PHYP nanospheres, and the optimal preparation conditions were identified as a concentration of poloxamer 188 (F68) (w/v) of 0.33%, a concentration of PLA of 30 mg/mL, and a ratio of PLA to drug (w/w) of 10.25:1 required to reach the highest encapsulation efficiency, which was calculated to be 59.10%. PHYP had a spherical shape with a smooth surface and uniform size and an evident effect of sustained release and relative stability. Splenic lymphocytes are crucial and multifunctional cells in the immune system, and their immunological properties could be enhanced significantly by PHYP treatment. This study confirmed that PHY encapsulated in PLA nanospheres had comparatively steady properties and exerted obvious immune enhancement.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Traditional Chinese Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Sisi
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Zheng
authors.affiliation: Institute of Traditional Chinese Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Li
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Luo
authors.affiliation: Institute of Traditional Chinese Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Ruonan
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Bo
authors.affiliation: Institute of Traditional Chinese Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Zhenguang
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.affiliation: Institute of Traditional Chinese Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Jie
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Xing
authors.affiliation: Institute of Traditional Chinese Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Yale
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Niu
authors.affiliation: Institute of Traditional Chinese Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Yuanliang
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Hu
authors.affiliation: Institute of Traditional Chinese Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Jiaguo
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.affiliation: Institute of Traditional Chinese Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Deyun
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Wang
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D049109:Cell Proliferation; D003102:Colloids / Q000737:chemistry; D016503:Drug Delivery Systems; D004655:Emulsions; D005936:Glucans / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D007107:Immune System; D019344:Lactic Acid / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D008214:Lymphocytes / Q000166:cytology / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism; D051379:Mice; D008813:Mice, Inbred ICR; D008863:Microspheres; D050997:Nanomedicine; D054118:Nanospheres / Q000737:chemistry*; D010316:Particle Size; D020442:Poloxamer / Q000737:chemistry; D011091:Polyesters / Q000737:chemistry*; D011100:Polyglycolic Acid / Q000737:chemistry; D012044:Regression Analysis; D012997:Solvents / Q000737:chemistry; D013154:Spleen / Q000378:metabolism; D013499:Surface Properties; D013601:T-Lymphocytes / Q000166:cytology
chemical_list: D003102:Colloids; D004655:Emulsions; D005936:Glucans; D011091:Polyesters; D012997:Solvents; D020442:Poloxamer; D011100:Polyglycolic Acid; D019344:Lactic Acid; C033616:poly(lactide); C014731:pachyman
keywords: PHYP; RSM; in vitro study; optimal preparation condition