title: Global expression analysis of the response to microaerobiosis reveals an important cue for endophytic establishment of Azoarcus sp. BH72.
abstract: The endophyte Azoarcus sp. BH72, fixing nitrogen microaerobically, encounters low O2tensions in flooded roots. Therefore, its transcriptome upon shift to microaerobiosis was analyzed using oligonucleotide microarrays. A total of 8.7% of the protein-coding genes were significantly modulated. Aerobic conditions induced expression of genes involved in oxidative stress protection, while under microaerobiosis, 233 genes were upregulated, encoding hypothetical proteins, transcriptional regulators, and proteins involved in energy metabolism, among them a cbb3-type terminal oxidase contributing to but not essential for N2fixation. A newly established sensitive transcriptional reporter system using tdTomato allowed to visualize even relatively low bacterial gene expression in association with roots. Beyond metabolic changes, low oxygen concentrations seemed to prime transcription for plant colonization: Several genes known to be required for endophytic rice interaction were induced, and novel bacterial colonization factors were identified, such as azo1653. The cargo of the type V autotransporter Azo1653 had similarities to the attachment factor pertactin. Although for short term swarming-dependent colonization, it conferred a competitive disadvantage, it contributed to endophytic long-term establishment inside roots. Proteins sharing such opposing roles in the colonization process appear to occur more generally, as we demonstrated a very similar phenotype for another attachment protein, Azo1684. This suggests distinct cellular strategies for endophyte establishment.
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Biology and Chemistry, Department of Microbe-Plant Interactions, University of Bremen, P.O. Box 33 04 40, Bremen, 28334, Germany.
authors.forename: Abhijit
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Sarkar
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Biology and Chemistry, Department of Microbe-Plant Interactions, University of Bremen, P.O. Box 33 04 40, Bremen, 28334, Germany.
authors.forename: Marta
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Marszalkowska
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Biology and Chemistry, Department of Microbe-Plant Interactions, University of Bremen, P.O. Box 33 04 40, Bremen, 28334, Germany.
authors.forename: Martin
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Schäfer
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Biology and Chemistry, Department of Microbe-Plant Interactions, University of Bremen, P.O. Box 33 04 40, Bremen, 28334, Germany.
authors.forename: Tobias
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Pees
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Biology and Chemistry, Department of Microbe-Plant Interactions, University of Bremen, P.O. Box 33 04 40, Bremen, 28334, Germany.
authors.forename: Hannah
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Klingenberg
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Biology and Chemistry, Department of Microbe-Plant Interactions, University of Bremen, P.O. Box 33 04 40, Bremen, 28334, Germany.
authors.forename: Franziska
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Macht
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Biology and Chemistry, Department of Microbe-Plant Interactions, University of Bremen, P.O. Box 33 04 40, Bremen, 28334, Germany.
authors.forename: Barbara
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Reinhold-Hurek
mesh_terms: D000332:Aerobiosis; D020627:Azoarcus / Q000235:genetics* / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000502:physiology; D001426:Bacterial Proteins / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism; D060026:Endophytes / Q000235:genetics* / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000502:physiology; D009586:Nitrogen Fixation; D020411:Oligonucleotide Array Sequence Analysis; D012275:Oryza / Q000382:microbiology* / Q000502:physiology; D018517:Plant Roots / Q000382:microbiology; D059467:Transcriptome; D015854:Up-Regulation
chemical_list: D001426:Bacterial Proteins