title: International Pediatric Otolaryngology Group (IPOG) consensus recommendations: Hearing loss in the pediatric patient.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To provide recommendations for the workup of hearing loss in the pediatric patient.
  
  
  METHODS
  Expert opinion by the members of the International Pediatric Otolaryngology Group.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Consensus recommendations include initial screening and diagnosis as well as the workup of sensorineural, conductive and mixed hearing loss in children. The consensus statement discusses the role of genetic testing and imaging and provides algorithms to guide the workup of children with hearing loss.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The workup of children with hearing loss can be guided by the recommendations provided herein.
authors.affiliation: Department of Otolaryngology -Head and Neck Surgery, University of Iowa Health Care, Iowa City, IA, USA. Electronic address: Bryan-liming@uiowa.edu.
authors.forename: Bryan J
authors.initials: BJ
authors.lastname: Liming
authors.affiliation: Department of Otolaryngology- Head and Neck Surgery, Ochsner Medical Center, New Orleans, LA, USA.
authors.forename: John
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Carter
authors.affiliation: Sydney Children's Hospital Network, Sydney, Australia.
authors.forename: Alan
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Cheng
authors.affiliation: Cincinnati Children's Hospital, Cincinnati, OH, USA.
authors.forename: Daniel
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Choo
authors.affiliation: Sydney Children's Hospital Network, Sydney, Australia.
authors.forename: John
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Curotta
authors.affiliation: Rady Children's Hospital, San Diego, CA, USA.
authors.forename: Daniela
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Carvalho
authors.affiliation: Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia PA, USA.
authors.forename: John A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Germiller
authors.affiliation: Our Lady's Children's Hospital, Crumlin, Dublin, Ireland.
authors.forename: Stephen
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Hone
authors.affiliation: Department of Otolaryngology and Communication Enhancement, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston MA, USA.
authors.forename: Margaret A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Kenna
authors.affiliation: Pediatric ENT Department, Hopital Necker-Enfants Malades, AP-HP Universite Paris Descartes, Paris, France.
authors.forename: Natalie
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Loundon
authors.affiliation: Department of Otolaryngology, Children's National Hospital, Washington DC, USA.
authors.forename: Diego
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Preciado
authors.affiliation: Evident, UCL Ear Institute, Royal National Throat, Nose and Ear Hospital, London UK.
authors.forename: Anne
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Schilder
authors.affiliation: Department of Otolaryngology, Children's National Hospital, Washington DC, USA.
authors.forename: Brian J
authors.initials: BJ
authors.lastname: Reilly
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatric Otolaryngology, La Timone Children's Hospital, Aix-Marseille Universite', Marseille, France.
authors.forename: Stephane
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Roman
authors.affiliation: Paediatric Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery-Children's Hospital at London Health Sciences Centre, London, Ontario, Canada.
authors.forename: Julie
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Strychowsky
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatric Otolaryngology, La Timone Children's Hospital, Aix-Marseille Universite', Marseille, France.
authors.forename: Jean-Michel
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Triglia
authors.affiliation: Division of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Ann & Robert H. Lurie Children's Hospital of Chicago, Chicago IL, USA.
authors.forename: Nancy
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Young
authors.affiliation: Department of Otolaryngology -Head and Neck Surgery, University of Iowa Health Care, Iowa City, IA, USA.
authors.forename: Richard J H
authors.initials: RJ
authors.lastname: Smith
mesh_terms: D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D003638:Deafness / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000235:genetics; D005820:Genetic Testing; D034381:Hearing Loss / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000235:genetics; D006313:Hearing Loss, Central / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000235:genetics; D006314:Hearing Loss, Conductive / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000235:genetics; D046089:Hearing Loss, Mixed Conductive-Sensorineural / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000235:genetics; D006319:Hearing Loss, Sensorineural / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000235:genetics; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D008297:Male; D008403:Mass Screening; D015997:Neonatal Screening; D017084:Otoacoustic Emissions, Spontaneous; D010036:Otolaryngology / Q000592:standards; D010372:Pediatrics / Q000592:standards
keywords: Comprehensive genetic testing; Conductive hearing loss; Congenital hearing loss; Consensus statement; Sensorineural hearing loss