title: Reproducibility of high-definition (3D) manometry and its agreement with high-resolution (2D) manometry in women with fecal incontinence.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  While widely used in clinical practice, the reproducibility of high-definition anorectal manometry (HD-ARM) remains unclear. We evaluated the intra-individual reproducibility of HD-ARM and compared pressures measured with HD-ARM and high-resolution anorectal manometry (HR-ARM).
  
  
  METHODS
  Thirty-six women with fecal incontinence had an initial HD-ARM (HD-ARM1); on the same day, after randomization, 21 had a second (HD-ARM2). Sixteen women had a third (HD-ARM3) 4 weeks later. Twenty-five had also been evaluated by HR-ARM previously. Rectoanal pressures were assessed at rest, during squeeze and simulated evacuation. Concordance among pressures was assessed with Lin's concordance correlation coefficient (CCC).
  
  
  RESULTS
  Anal resting and squeeze pressures measured with HD-ARM were reproducible on the same and different days; for average resting pressures of HD-ARM1 vs HD-ARM2, CCC = 0.73 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.53-0.94), and for HD-ARM1 vs HD-ARM3, CCC = 0.60 (95% CI: 0.28-0.93). For maximum squeeze pressures of HD-ARM1 vs HD-ARM2, CCC = 0.86 (95% CI: 0.75-0.97), and for HD-ARM1 vs HD-ARM3, CCC = 0.56 (95% CI: 0.21-0.91). The rectoanal gradient during evacuation was significantly concordant between HD-ARM1 and HD-ARM2 but not HD-ARM1 and HD-ARM3. Resting (CCC = 0.38 [95% CI: 0.14-0.62]) and squeeze pressures (CCC = 0.73 [95% CI: 0.57-0.89]) measured with HD-ARM1 and HR-ARM were also concordant.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Among women with fecal incontinence, measurements with HD-ARM were reproducible on the same (anal resting and squeeze pressures and rectoanal gradient during evacuation) and different days (anal resting and squeeze pressures) and correlated with HR-ARM measurements. These findings support use of HD-ARM and HR-ARM for longitudinal assessments of anal resting and squeeze pressures.
authors.affiliation: Clinical and Enteric Neuroscience Translational and Epidemiological Research Program (C.E.N.T.E.R.), Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA.
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Chakraborty
authors.affiliation: Clinical and Enteric Neuroscience Translational and Epidemiological Research Program (C.E.N.T.E.R.), Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA.
authors.forename: K J
authors.initials: KJ
authors.lastname: Feuerhak
authors.affiliation: Division of Biomedical Statistics and Informatics, Department of Health Sciences Research, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA.
authors.forename: A R
authors.initials: AR
authors.lastname: Zinsmeister
authors.affiliation: Clinical and Enteric Neuroscience Translational and Epidemiological Research Program (C.E.N.T.E.R.), Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA.
authors.forename: A E
authors.initials: AE
authors.lastname: Bharucha
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D001003:Anal Canal / Q000503:physiopathology*; D004311:Double-Blind Method; D005242:Fecal Incontinence / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000503:physiopathology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008365:Manometry / Q000379:methods / Q000592:standards*; D008875:Middle Aged; D011446:Prospective Studies; D015203:Reproducibility of Results
keywords: anorectal; fecal incontinence; high definition; high resolution; manometry; reproducibility