title: Increased levels of soluble triggering receptor expressed on myeloid cells-1 in cerebrospinal fluid of subarachnoid hemorrhage patients.
abstract: Triggering receptor expressed on myeloid cells-1 (TREM-1) has been highlighted as a key amplifier of inflammatory response in various diseases. To determine the contribution of TREM-1 in the inflammatory cascade after subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH), concentrations of soluble TREM-1 (sTREM-1) in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) from 30 SAH patients and 9 healthy volunteers were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. It was shown that the CSF sTREM-1 levels of SAH patients increased significantly than that of the volunteers (P<0.05). Interestingly, the levels were up-regulated dynamically over time with an early increase within 2days and a late peak at day 6 after SAH onset. In addition, it was found that the early sTREM-1 levels (within 3days post-SAH) were negatively correlated with Glasgow Coma Scale (r=-0.550, P=0.022) and positively correlated with the Hunt and Hess scale (r=0.603, P=0.010) respectively conducted on admission, also the early sTREM-1 levels were negatively correlated with Glasgow Outcome Scale (r=-0.505, P=0.039) and positively correlated with modified Rankin Scale (r=0.557, P=0.020) respectively conducted one month after SAH. Altogether, this is the first study showing CSF sTREM-1 dynamics in SAH patients, and exploring the correlations of early CSF sTREM-1 levels to patients' severity and prognosis, which suggests that TREM-1 may play an important role in the inflammatory cascade after SAH and act as a monitoring biomarker facilitated to assess the severity and prognosis of SAH patients.
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, The Second Hospital Affiliated to Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan 030001, Shanxi, PR China. Electronic address: sunyanxia820701@163.com.
authors.forename: Xin-Gang
authors.initials: XG
authors.lastname: Sun
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, The Second Hospital Affiliated to Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan 030001, Shanxi, PR China.
authors.forename: Qian
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Ma
authors.affiliation: Clinical Laboratory, The Second Hospital Affiliated to Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan 030001, Shanxi, PR China.
authors.forename: Gang
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Jing
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, The Second Hospital Affiliated to Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan 030001, Shanxi, PR China.
authors.forename: Gai-Qing
authors.initials: GQ
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurosurgery, Shanxi People's Hospital, Taiyuan 030012, Shanxi, PR China.
authors.forename: Xu-Dong
authors.initials: XD
authors.lastname: Hao
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, The Second Hospital Affiliated to Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan 030001, Shanxi, PR China. Electronic address: wanglisdey@163.com.
authors.forename: Li
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Wang
mesh_terms: D015415:Biomarkers / Q000134:cerebrospinal fluid; D004797:Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay; D005260:Female; D015600:Glasgow Coma Scale; D023261:Glasgow Outcome Scale; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008562:Membrane Glycoproteins / Q000134:cerebrospinal fluid*; D008875:Middle Aged; D011237:Predictive Value of Tests; D011379:Prognosis; D011971:Receptors, Immunologic; D013345:Subarachnoid Hemorrhage / Q000134:cerebrospinal fluid*; D000073871:Triggering Receptor Expressed on Myeloid Cells-1; D015854:Up-Regulation
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; D008562:Membrane Glycoproteins; D011971:Receptors, Immunologic; C408842:TREM1 protein, human; D000073871:Triggering Receptor Expressed on Myeloid Cells-1
keywords: Inflammatory cascade; Subarachnoid hemorrhage; TREM-1; sTREM-1