title: An in silico analysis of oxygen uptake of a mild COPD patient during rest and exercise using a portable oxygen concentrator.
abstract: Oxygen treatment based on intermittent-flow devices with pulse delivery modes available from portable oxygen concentrators (POCs) depends on the characteristics of the delivered pulse such as volume, pulse width (the time of the pulse to be delivered), and pulse delay (the time for the pulse to be initiated from the start of inhalation) as well as a patient's breathing characteristics, disease state, and respiratory morphology. This article presents a physiological-based analysis of the performance, in terms of blood oxygenation, of a commercial POC at different settings using an in silico model of a COPD patient at rest and during exercise. The analysis encompasses experimental measurements of pulse volume, width, and time delay of the POC at three different settings and two breathing rates related to rest and exercise. These experimental data of device performance are inputs to a physiological-based model of oxygen uptake that takes into account the real dynamic nature of gas exchange to illustrate how device- and patient-specific factors can affect patient oxygenation. This type of physiological analysis that considers the true effectiveness of oxygen transfer to the blood, as opposed to delivery to the nose (or mouth), can be instructive in applying therapies and designing new devices.
authors.affiliation: Medical R&D, Air Liquide Santé International, Centre de Recherche Paris-Saclay, Les Loges-en-Josas, France; Department of Mechanical Engineering, Lafayette College, Easton, PA, USA.
authors.forename: Ira
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Katz
authors.affiliation: Medical R&D, Air Liquide Santé International, Centre de Recherche Paris-Saclay, Les Loges-en-Josas, France.
authors.forename: Marine
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Pichelin
authors.affiliation: Medical R&D, Air Liquide Santé International, Centre de Recherche Paris-Saclay, Les Loges-en-Josas, France.
authors.forename: Spyridon
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Montesantos
authors.affiliation: Physique de la Matière Condensée, CNRS, Ecole Polytechnique, Palaiseau.
authors.forename: Min-Yeong
authors.initials: MY
authors.lastname: Kang
authors.affiliation: Physique de la Matière Condensée, CNRS, Ecole Polytechnique, Palaiseau; Centre de Mathématiques et de leurs Applications, CNRS, UniverSud, Cachan.
authors.forename: Bernard
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Sapoval
authors.affiliation: Centre Explor!, Air Liquide Healthcare, Gentilly, France.
authors.forename: Kaixian
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Zhu
authors.affiliation: Centre Explor!, Air Liquide Healthcare, Gentilly, France.
authors.forename: Charles-Philippe
authors.initials: CP
authors.lastname: Thevenin
authors.affiliation: Valley Inspired Products, Inc, Apple Valley, MN, USA.
authors.forename: Robert
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: McCoy
authors.affiliation: Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada.
authors.forename: Andrew R
authors.initials: AR
authors.lastname: Martin
authors.affiliation: Medical R&D, Air Liquide Santé International, Centre de Recherche Paris-Saclay, Les Loges-en-Josas, France.
authors.forename: Georges
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Caillibotte
mesh_terms: D015415:Biomarkers / Q000097:blood; D003198:Computer Simulation; D017076:Computer-Aided Design; D004867:Equipment Design; D015444:Exercise; D006801:Humans; D008168:Lung / Q000503:physiopathology*; D010100:Oxygen / Q000097:blood*; D010102:Oxygen Inhalation Therapy / Q000295:instrumentation*; D029424:Pulmonary Disease, Chronic Obstructive / Q000097:blood / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000628:therapy*; D011659:Pulmonary Gas Exchange; D012146:Rest; D013997:Time Factors
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; D010100:Oxygen
keywords: efficiency; pulsed delivery; respiratory disease; respiratory physiology