title: Chicken GHR natural antisense transcript regulates GHR mRNA in LMH cells.
abstract: Growth hormone receptor (GHR) played key roles in human and animal growth. Both human laron type dwarfism and sex linked dwarf chicken were caused by the mutation of GHR gene. In this study, we identified an endogenously expressed long non-coding natural antisense transcript, GHR-AS, which overlapped with the GHR mRNA (GHR-S) in a tail to tail manner. Spatial and temporal expression analyses indicated that GHR-AS were highly expressed in chicken liver and displayed ascending with the development of chicken from E10 to 3 w of age. Interfering GHR-AS caused GHR-S decreasing, accompanied with increasing of the inactive gene indicator, H3K9me2, in the GHR-S promoter regions in LMH cells. RNase A experiment exhibited that GHR-AS and GHR-S can form double strand RNAs at the last exon of GHR gene in vivo and in vitro, which hinted they could act on each other via the region. In addition, the levels of GHR-S and GHR-AS can be affected by DNA methylation. Compared the normal chicken with the dwarfs, the negative correlation trends were showed between the GHR-S promoter methylation status and the GHR-AS levels. This is the first report of that GHR gene possessed natural antisense transcript and the results presented here further highlight the fine and complicated regulating mechanism of GHR gene in chicken development.
authors.affiliation: Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Agro-Animal Genomics and Molecular Breeding, Key Laboratory of Chicken Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, Ministry of Agriculture, College of Animal Science of South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, P.R. China.|Agricultural College, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang 524088, P.R. China.
authors.forename: Li
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Agro-Animal Genomics and Molecular Breeding, Key Laboratory of Chicken Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, Ministry of Agriculture, College of Animal Science of South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, P.R. China.
authors.forename: Shudai
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Lin
authors.affiliation: Agricultural College, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang 524088, P.R. China.
authors.forename: Lilong
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: An
authors.affiliation: Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Agro-Animal Genomics and Molecular Breeding, Key Laboratory of Chicken Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, Ministry of Agriculture, College of Animal Science of South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, P.R. China.
authors.forename: Jinge
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Ma
authors.affiliation: Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Agro-Animal Genomics and Molecular Breeding, Key Laboratory of Chicken Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, Ministry of Agriculture, College of Animal Science of South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, P.R. China.
authors.forename: Fengfang
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Qiu
authors.affiliation: Agricultural College, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang 524088, P.R. China.
authors.forename: Rumin
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Jia
authors.affiliation: Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Agro-Animal Genomics and Molecular Breeding, Key Laboratory of Chicken Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, Ministry of Agriculture, College of Animal Science of South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, P.R. China.
authors.forename: Qinghua
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Nie
authors.affiliation: Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Agro-Animal Genomics and Molecular Breeding, Key Laboratory of Chicken Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, Ministry of Agriculture, College of Animal Science of South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, P.R. China.
authors.forename: Dexiang
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Agro-Animal Genomics and Molecular Breeding, Key Laboratory of Chicken Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, Ministry of Agriculture, College of Animal Science of South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, P.R. China.
authors.forename: Qingbin
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Luo
authors.affiliation: Agricultural College, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang 524088, P.R. China.
authors.forename: Ting
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: Agricultural College, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang 524088, P.R. China.
authors.forename: Zhang
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Agro-Animal Genomics and Molecular Breeding, Key Laboratory of Chicken Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, Ministry of Agriculture, College of Animal Science of South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, P.R. China.
authors.forename: Xiquan
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Zhang
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001374:Azacitidine / Q000031:analogs & derivatives / Q000494:pharmacology; D002460:Cell Line; D002645:Chickens; D019175:DNA Methylation; D000077209:Decitabine; D005091:Exons; D005260:Female; D005786:Gene Expression Regulation / Q000187:drug effects; D023061:Gene Order; D020868:Gene Silencing; D006657:Histones; D011401:Promoter Regions, Genetic; D016372:RNA, Antisense / Q000235:genetics*; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000235:genetics*; D011986:Receptors, Somatotropin / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism; D014158:Transcription, Genetic
chemical_list: D006657:Histones; D016372:RNA, Antisense; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D011986:Receptors, Somatotropin; D000077209:Decitabine; D001374:Azacitidine
keywords: GHR mRNA; GHR natural antisense transcript; LMH cell; chicken; liver