title: Influence of temperature and reaction time on the conversion of polystyrene waste to pyrolysis liquid oil.
abstract: This paper aims to investigate the effect of temperature and reaction time on the yield and quality of liquid oil produced from a pyrolysis process. Polystyrene (PS) type plastic waste was used as a feedstock in a small pilot scale batch pyrolysis reactor. At 400°C with a reaction time of 75min, the gas yield was 8% by mass, the char yield was 16% by mass, while the liquid oil yield was 76% by mass. Raising the temperature to 450°C increased the gas production to 13% by mass, reduced the char production to 6.2% and increased the liquid oil yield to 80.8% by mass. The optimum temperature and reaction time was found to be 450°C and 75min. The liquid oil at optimum conditions had a dynamic viscosity of 1.77mPas, kinematic viscosity of 1.92cSt, a density of 0.92g/cm3, a pour point of -60°C, a freezing point of -64°C, a flash point of 30.2°C and a high heating value (HHV) of 41.6MJ/kg this is similar to conventional diesel. The gas chromatography with mass spectrophotometry (GC-MS) analysis showed that liquid oil contains mainly styrene (48%), toluene (26%) and ethyl-benzene (21%) compounds.
authors.affiliation: Department of Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Meteorology, Environment and Arid Land Agriculture, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia; Centre of Excellence in Environmental Studies (CEES), King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia.
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Miandad
authors.affiliation: Centre of Excellence in Environmental Studies (CEES), King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia. Electronic address: anizami@kau.edu.sa.
authors.forename: A S
authors.initials: AS
authors.lastname: Nizami
authors.affiliation: Centre of Excellence in Environmental Studies (CEES), King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Rehan
authors.affiliation: Department of Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Meteorology, Environment and Arid Land Agriculture, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia.
authors.forename: M A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Barakat
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemical Engineering, College of Engineering, King Khalid University, Abha, Saudi Arabia.
authors.forename: M I
authors.initials: MI
authors.lastname: Khan
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemical Engineering, College of Engineering, King Khalid University, Abha, Saudi Arabia.
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Mustafa
authors.affiliation: Centre of Excellence in Environmental Studies (CEES), King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia.
authors.forename: I M I
authors.initials: IMI
authors.lastname: Ismail
authors.affiliation: School of Engineering, University College Cork, Ireland; MaREI Centre, Environmental Research Institute, University College Cork, Ireland.
authors.forename: J D
authors.initials: JD
authors.lastname: Murphy
mesh_terms: D004867:Equipment Design; D008401:Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry; D010865:Pilot Projects; D011137:Polystyrenes / Q000737:chemistry*; D011930:Reaction Time; D012037:Refuse Disposal / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods*; D012529:Saudi Arabia; D062611:Solid Waste; D013696:Temperature; D014783:Viscosity
chemical_list: D011137:Polystyrenes; D062611:Solid Waste
keywords: Batch pyrolysis reactor; Liquid oil; Municipal plastic waste; Polystyrene (PS) plastic; Pyrolysis