title: Depression and Functional Status Among African American Stroke Survivors in Inpatient Rehabilitation.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To examine the prevalence of poststroke depression (PSD) among African American stroke survivors and the association of depression with functional status at inpatient rehabilitation facility (IRF) discharge.
  
  
  METHODS
  Secondary data analysis was conducted of a patient cohort who received care at 3 IRFs in the United States from 2009 to 2011. Functional status was measured by the Functional Independence Measure (FIM). Multiple linear regression models were used to examine associations of PSD and FIM motor and cognitive scores.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Of 458 African American stroke survivors, 48.5% were female, 84% had an ischemic stroke, and the mean age was 60.8 ± 13.6 years. Only 15.4% (n = 71) had documentation of PSD. Bivariate analyses to identify factors associated with depression identified a higher percentage of patients with depression than without who were retired due to disability (17.1% versus 11.6%) or employed (31.4% versus 19.6%) prestroke (P = .041). Dysphagia, cognitive deficits, and a lower admission motor FIM score were also significantly more common among those with depression. There was no significant relationship between depression and functional status after adjusting for patient characteristics.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In this study, 15% of the African Americans who received rehabilitation after a stroke had documentation of PSD but this was not associated with functional status at discharge.
authors.affiliation: Winston Salem State University School of Nursing, Winston Salem, NC; School of Nursing, Duke University, Durham, NC.
authors.forename: Gabrielle M
authors.initials: GM
authors.lastname: Harris
authors.affiliation: Winston Salem State University School of Nursing, Winston Salem, NC.
authors.forename: Janice
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Collins-McNeil
authors.affiliation: School of Nursing, Duke University, Durham, NC.
authors.forename: Qing
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.affiliation: Carolinas Rehabilitation, Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Carolinas Medical Center, Charlotte, NC.
authors.forename: Vu Q C
authors.initials: VQ
authors.lastname: Nguyen
authors.affiliation: Carolinas Rehabilitation, Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Carolinas Medical Center, Charlotte, NC.
authors.forename: Mark A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Hirsch
authors.affiliation: Carolinas Rehabilitation, Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Carolinas Medical Center, Charlotte, NC.
authors.forename: Charles F
authors.initials: CF
authors.lastname: Rhoads
authors.affiliation: Carolinas Rehabilitation, Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Carolinas Medical Center, Charlotte, NC.
authors.forename: Tami
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Guerrier
authors.affiliation: Carolinas Rehabilitation, Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Carolinas Medical Center, Charlotte, NC.
authors.forename: J George
authors.initials: JG
authors.lastname: Thomas
authors.affiliation: Carolinas Rehabilitation, Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Carolinas Medical Center, Charlotte, NC.
authors.forename: Terrence M
authors.initials: TM
authors.lastname: Pugh
authors.affiliation: Carolinas Rehabilitation, Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Carolinas Medical Center, Charlotte, NC.
authors.forename: Deanna
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Hamm
authors.affiliation: Duke Clinical Research Institute, Durham, NC.
authors.forename: Carol
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Pereira
authors.affiliation: School of Nursing, Duke University, Durham, NC; Duke Clinical Research Institute, Durham, NC. Electronic address: janet.bettger@duke.edu.
authors.forename: Janet
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Prvu Bettger
mesh_terms: D000203:Activities of Daily Living; D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D001741:Black or African American; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D003863:Depression / Q000209:etiology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007297:Inpatients; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D015999:Multivariate Analysis; D010351:Patient Discharge / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D020127:Recovery of Function / Q000502:physiology*; D012047:Rehabilitation Centers; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D020521:Stroke / Q000150:complications / Q000208:ethnology / Q000401:mortality; D000071939:Stroke Rehabilitation / Q000379:methods*; D017741:Survivors / Q000523:psychology*; D014481:United States; D055815:Young Adult
keywords: African American; Black; Depression; functional status; inpatient rehabilitation