title: General expressions for downlink signal to interference and noise ratio in homogeneous and heterogeneous LTE-Advanced networks.
abstract: The interference is the most important problem in LTE or LTE-Advanced networks. In this paper, the interference was investigated in terms of the downlink signal to interference and noise ratio (SINR). In order to compare the different frequency reuse methods that were developed to enhance the SINR, it would be helpful to have a generalized expression to study the performance of the different methods. Therefore, this paper introduces general expressions for the SINR in homogeneous and in heterogeneous networks. In homogeneous networks, the expression was applied for the most common types of frequency reuse techniques: soft frequency reuse (SFR) and fractional frequency reuse (FFR). The expression was examined by comparing it with previously developed ones in the literature and the comparison showed that the expression is valid for any type of frequency reuse scheme and any network topology. Furthermore, the expression was extended to include the heterogeneous network; the expression includes the problem of co-tier and cross-tier interference in heterogeneous networks (HetNet) and it was examined by the same method of the homogeneous one.
authors.affiliation: Electronics and Communications Engineering Department, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt.
authors.forename: Nora A
authors.initials: NA
authors.lastname: Ali
authors.affiliation: Electronics and Communications Engineering Department, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt.
authors.forename: Hebat-Allah M
authors.initials: HM
authors.lastname: Mourad
authors.affiliation: Electronics and Communications Engineering Department, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt.
authors.forename: Hany M
authors.initials: HM
authors.lastname: ElSayed
authors.affiliation: Electronics and Communications Engineering Department, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt.
authors.forename: Magdy
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: El-Soudani
authors.affiliation: Electronics and Communications Engineering Department, American University in Cairo, Cairo, Egypt.
authors.forename: Hassanein H
authors.initials: HH
authors.lastname: Amer
authors.affiliation: KAMA Trading, Engineering Office, Cairo, Egypt.
authors.forename: Ramez M
authors.initials: RM
authors.lastname: Daoud
keywords: Fractional frequency reuse (FFR); Heterogeneous network; LTE-Advanced; Signal to interference and noise ratio (SINR); Soft frequency reuse (SFR)