title: Hepatocyte Growth Factor Is Positively Associated With Risk of Stroke: The MESA (Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis).
abstract: Hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) is positively associated with ischemic and hemorrhagic stroke risk factors. However, understanding the relation between HGF and stroke is in its infancy. Therefore, we sought to examine the association of circulating HGF with incident stroke using data from the MESA (Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis). We hypothesized that circulating HGF would be positively associated with an increased risk of stroke.
  
  
  
  Participants aged 45 to 84 years (n=6711) had HGF measured between 2000 and 2002 and were followed for incident stroke through 2013 (n=233). Cox proportional hazards regression was used to calculate hazard ratios and 95% confidence intervals for incident stroke. A secondary analysis stratified results by adjudicated stroke type (n=183 ischemic; n=39 hemorrhagic; n=11 other).
  
  
  
  After adjustment for potential confounding variables, risk of stroke was 17% higher with each standard deviation increase in HGF (hazard ratio, 1.17; 95% confidence interval, 1.03-1.34). This association was mainly driven by ischemic stroke and did not change on exclusion of cardioembolic strokes, although the number of excluded cases was small. The few hemorrhagic and other types of stroke were not associated with HGF.
  
  
  
  Circulating HGF was positively associated with the incidence of stroke in a diverse, population-based cohort of men and women from the United States. Our findings support the hypothesis that circulating HGF is a marker of endothelial damage and suggest that HGF may have utility as a prognostic marker of stroke risk.
authors.affiliation: From the Division of Epidemiology (E.J.B., S.J.B.) and Division of Biomedical Statistics and Informatics (N.B.L., P.A.D.), Department of Health Sciences Research, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN; Division of Epidemiology and Community Health (J.S.P.) and Laboratory of Medicine and Pathology (M.Y.T., N.Q.H.), University of Minnesota, Minneapolis; Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Vermont, Colchester (C.L.W.); and Departments of Neurology and Epidemiology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA (W.T.L.).
authors.forename: Elizabeth J
authors.initials: EJ
authors.lastname: Bell
authors.affiliation: From the Division of Epidemiology (E.J.B., S.J.B.) and Division of Biomedical Statistics and Informatics (N.B.L., P.A.D.), Department of Health Sciences Research, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN; Division of Epidemiology and Community Health (J.S.P.) and Laboratory of Medicine and Pathology (M.Y.T., N.Q.H.), University of Minnesota, Minneapolis; Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Vermont, Colchester (C.L.W.); and Departments of Neurology and Epidemiology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA (W.T.L.).
authors.forename: Nicholas B
authors.initials: NB
authors.lastname: Larson
authors.affiliation: From the Division of Epidemiology (E.J.B., S.J.B.) and Division of Biomedical Statistics and Informatics (N.B.L., P.A.D.), Department of Health Sciences Research, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN; Division of Epidemiology and Community Health (J.S.P.) and Laboratory of Medicine and Pathology (M.Y.T., N.Q.H.), University of Minnesota, Minneapolis; Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Vermont, Colchester (C.L.W.); and Departments of Neurology and Epidemiology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA (W.T.L.).
authors.forename: Paul A
authors.initials: PA
authors.lastname: Decker
authors.affiliation: From the Division of Epidemiology (E.J.B., S.J.B.) and Division of Biomedical Statistics and Informatics (N.B.L., P.A.D.), Department of Health Sciences Research, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN; Division of Epidemiology and Community Health (J.S.P.) and Laboratory of Medicine and Pathology (M.Y.T., N.Q.H.), University of Minnesota, Minneapolis; Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Vermont, Colchester (C.L.W.); and Departments of Neurology and Epidemiology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA (W.T.L.).
authors.forename: James S
authors.initials: JS
authors.lastname: Pankow
authors.affiliation: From the Division of Epidemiology (E.J.B., S.J.B.) and Division of Biomedical Statistics and Informatics (N.B.L., P.A.D.), Department of Health Sciences Research, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN; Division of Epidemiology and Community Health (J.S.P.) and Laboratory of Medicine and Pathology (M.Y.T., N.Q.H.), University of Minnesota, Minneapolis; Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Vermont, Colchester (C.L.W.); and Departments of Neurology and Epidemiology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA (W.T.L.).
authors.forename: Michael Y
authors.initials: MY
authors.lastname: Tsai
authors.affiliation: From the Division of Epidemiology (E.J.B., S.J.B.) and Division of Biomedical Statistics and Informatics (N.B.L., P.A.D.), Department of Health Sciences Research, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN; Division of Epidemiology and Community Health (J.S.P.) and Laboratory of Medicine and Pathology (M.Y.T., N.Q.H.), University of Minnesota, Minneapolis; Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Vermont, Colchester (C.L.W.); and Departments of Neurology and Epidemiology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA (W.T.L.).
authors.forename: Naomi Q
authors.initials: NQ
authors.lastname: Hanson
authors.affiliation: From the Division of Epidemiology (E.J.B., S.J.B.) and Division of Biomedical Statistics and Informatics (N.B.L., P.A.D.), Department of Health Sciences Research, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN; Division of Epidemiology and Community Health (J.S.P.) and Laboratory of Medicine and Pathology (M.Y.T., N.Q.H.), University of Minnesota, Minneapolis; Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Vermont, Colchester (C.L.W.); and Departments of Neurology and Epidemiology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA (W.T.L.).
authors.forename: Christina L
authors.initials: CL
authors.lastname: Wassel
authors.affiliation: From the Division of Epidemiology (E.J.B., S.J.B.) and Division of Biomedical Statistics and Informatics (N.B.L., P.A.D.), Department of Health Sciences Research, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN; Division of Epidemiology and Community Health (J.S.P.) and Laboratory of Medicine and Pathology (M.Y.T., N.Q.H.), University of Minnesota, Minneapolis; Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Vermont, Colchester (C.L.W.); and Departments of Neurology and Epidemiology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA (W.T.L.).
authors.forename: W T
authors.initials: WT
authors.lastname: Longstreth
authors.affiliation: From the Division of Epidemiology (E.J.B., S.J.B.) and Division of Biomedical Statistics and Informatics (N.B.L., P.A.D.), Department of Health Sciences Research, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN; Division of Epidemiology and Community Health (J.S.P.) and Laboratory of Medicine and Pathology (M.Y.T., N.Q.H.), University of Minnesota, Minneapolis; Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Vermont, Colchester (C.L.W.); and Departments of Neurology and Epidemiology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA (W.T.L.). Bielinski.Suzette@mayo.edu.
authors.forename: Suzette J
authors.initials: SJ
authors.lastname: Bielinski
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D050197:Atherosclerosis / Q000097:blood* / Q000453:epidemiology; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000097:blood; D002545:Brain Ischemia / Q000097:blood / Q000453:epidemiology; D005260:Female; D017228:Hepatocyte Growth Factor / Q000097:blood*; D006801:Humans; D015994:Incidence; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D020521:Stroke / Q000097:blood* / Q000453:epidemiology*; D014481:United States / Q000453:epidemiology
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; C066855:HGF protein, human; D017228:Hepatocyte Growth Factor
keywords: atherosclerosis; epidemiology; hepatocyte growth factor; incidence; risk factors; stroke