title: Real-timein vivodiagnosis of laryngeal carcinoma with rapid fiber-optic Raman spectroscopy.
abstract: We assess the clinical utility of a unique simultaneous fingerprint (FP) (i.e., 800-1800 cm-1) and high-wavenumber (HW) (i.e., 2800-3600 cm-1) fiber-optic Raman spectroscopy forin vivodiagnosis of laryngeal cancer at endoscopy. A total of 2124 high-qualityin vivoFP/HW Raman spectra (normal = 1321; cancer = 581) were acquired from 101 tissue sites (normal = 71; cancer = 30) of 60 patients (normal = 44; cancer = 16) undergoing routine endoscopic examination. FP/HW Raman spectra differ significantly between normal and cancerous laryngeal tissue that could be attributed to changes of proteins, lipids, nucleic acids, and the bound water content in the larynx. Partial least squares-discriminant analysis and leave-one tissue site-out, cross-validation were employed on the in vivo FP/HW tissue Raman spectra acquired, yielding a diagnostic accuracy of 91.1% (sensitivity: 93.3% (28/30); specificity: 90.1% (64/71)) for laryngeal cancer identification, which is superior to using either FP (accuracy: 86.1%; sensitivity: 86.7% (26/30); specificity: 85.9% (61/71)) or HW (accuracy: 84.2%; sensitivity: 76.7% (23/30); specificity: 87.3% (62/71)) Raman technique alone. Further receiver operating characteristic analysis reconfirms the best performance of the simultaneous FP/HW Raman technique for laryngeal cancer diagnosis. We demonstrate for the first time that the simultaneous FP/HW Raman spectroscopy technique can be used for improving real-timein vivodiagnosis of laryngeal carcinoma during endoscopic examination.
authors.affiliation: Optical Bioimaging Laboratory, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, National University of Singapore, 117576 Singapore; Department of Medicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore and National University Health System, 119260 Singapore.
authors.forename: Kan
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Lin
authors.affiliation: Optical Bioimaging Laboratory, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, National University of Singapore, 117576 Singapore; Department of Medicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore and National University Health System, 119260 Singapore.
authors.forename: Wei
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Zheng
authors.affiliation: Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, National University of Singapore and National University Health System, 119074 Singapore.
authors.forename: Chwee Ming
authors.initials: CM
authors.lastname: Lim
authors.affiliation: Optical Bioimaging Laboratory, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, National University of Singapore, 117576 Singapore.
authors.forename: Zhiwei
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Huang
keywords: (120.3890) Medical optics instrumentation; (170.5660) Raman spectroscopy; (170.6510) Spectroscopy, tissue diagnostics