title: Intolerance of uncertainty and post-traumatic stress symptoms: An investigation within a treatment seeking trauma-exposed sample.
abstract: Intolerance of uncertainty (IU) has been associated with post-traumatic stress symptoms (PTSS) in the literature. However, no research to date has investigated the relationship between IU and PTSS within a clinical trauma-exposed sample, which is an important next step in the literature and crucial for the generalizability of these findings. Therefore, the current study hypothesized that IU would be related to increased PTSS within a clinical sample of trauma-exposed individuals. Further, we hypothesized that IU would be related to elevated PTSS after accounting for anxiety sensitivity (AS) and negative affect (NA), two known correlates of PTSS. Finally, we examined the relations between IU and the PTSS clusters (i.e., avoidance, emotional numbing, hyperarousal, and re-experiencing) while covarying for AS and NA.
  
  
  
  Participants included community adults (n=126) presenting at an outpatient clinic. All participants had previously experienced a traumatic event as defined by the DSM-5 PTSD Criterion A.
  
  
  
  Results revealed that IU was significantly associated with increased PTSS above and beyond AS and NA. Further, results indicated that IU was significantly related to the avoidance, hyperarousal, and emotional numbing PTSS clusters, even after covarying for AS and NA. IU was not significantly associated with the PTSS re-experiencing cluster once AS and NA were taken into account.
  
  
  
  Our results expand upon the extant literature by demonstrating that IU is associated with PTSS above and beyond AS and NA within a clinical trauma-exposed sample. These findings are discussed in terms of promising directions for future research and treatment strategies.
authors.affiliation: Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL 32306, United States.
authors.forename: Mary E
authors.initials: ME
authors.lastname: Oglesby
authors.affiliation: Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL 32306, United States.
authors.forename: Brittany A
authors.initials: BA
authors.lastname: Gibby
authors.affiliation: Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL 32306, United States.
authors.forename: Brittany M
authors.initials: BM
authors.lastname: Mathes
authors.affiliation: Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL 32306, United States.
authors.forename: Nicole A
authors.initials: NA
authors.lastname: Short
authors.affiliation: Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL 32306, United States. Electronic address: schmidt@psy.fsu.edu.
authors.forename: Norman B
authors.initials: NB
authors.lastname: Schmidt
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000554:Ambulatory Care Facilities; D001007:Anxiety / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000523:psychology / Q000628:therapy; D001008:Anxiety Disorders / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000523:psychology / Q000628:therapy; D004644:Emotions; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010342:Patient Acceptance of Health Care / Q000523:psychology*; D013313:Stress Disorders, Post-Traumatic / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000523:psychology* / Q000628:therapy; D013315:Stress, Psychological / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000523:psychology / Q000628:therapy; D035501:Uncertainty; D055815:Young Adult