title: Retrospective Multicenter Study of Respiratory Syncytial Virus Prophylaxis in Korean Children with Congenital Heart Diseases.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  We conducted a review of current data on respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) prophylaxis with palivizumab, in Korean children with congenital heart diseases (CHD). In 2009, the Korean guideline for RSV prophylaxis had established up to five shots monthly per RSV season, only for children <1 year of age with hemodynamic significance CHD (HS-CHD).
  
  
  METHODS
  During the RSV seasons in 2009-2015, we performed a retrospective review of data for 466 infants with CHD, examined at six centers in Korea.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Infants received an average of 3.7±1.9 (range, 1-10) injections during the RSV season. Fifty-seven HS-CHD patients (12.2%) were hospitalized with breakthrough RSV bronchiolitis, with a recurrence in three patients, one year after the initial check-up. Among patients with simple CHD, only five (1.1%) patients received one additional dose postoperatively, as per the limitations set by the Korean guideline. Among the 30 deaths (6.4%), five (1.1%) were attributed to RSV infection; three to simple CHD, one to Tetralogy of Fallot, and one to hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM). Of the three HCM patients that exceeded guidelines for RSV prophylaxis, two (66.6%) were hospitalized, and one died of RSV infection (33.3%).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In accordance to the Korean guideline, minimal injections of palivizumab were administered to patients having HS-CHD <one year of age during the RSV season; the risk of RSV infection remains significant among children with simple CHD, cardiomyopathy, and children above the age of one year with HS-CHD.
authors.affiliation: Yonsei University Severance Cardiovascular, Seoul, Korea.
authors.forename: Ah Young
authors.initials: AY
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.affiliation: Yonsei University Severance Cardiovascular, Seoul, Korea.
authors.forename: Se Yong
authors.initials: SY
authors.lastname: Jung
authors.affiliation: Yonsei University Severance Cardiovascular, Seoul, Korea.
authors.forename: Jae Young
authors.initials: JY
authors.lastname: Choi
authors.affiliation: Seoul National University Children's Hospital, Seoul, Korea.
authors.forename: Gi Beom
authors.initials: GB
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.affiliation: Ulsan University Asan Medical Center, Seoul, Korea.
authors.forename: Young-Hwue
authors.initials: YH
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.affiliation: Gangwon National University, Chuncheon, Korea.
authors.forename: Woo Sup
authors.initials: WS
authors.lastname: Shim
authors.affiliation: Sungkyunkwan University Samsung Medical Center, Seoul, Korea.
authors.forename: I-Seok
authors.initials: IS
authors.lastname: Kang
authors.affiliation: Yonsei University Severance Cardiovascular, Seoul, Korea.
authors.forename: Jo Won
authors.initials: JW
authors.lastname: Jung
keywords: Congenital heart disease; Palivizumab; Pediatrics; Prophylaxis; Respiratory syncytial virus