title: The effects of human milk fortification on nutrients and milk properties.
abstract: To investigate the effects of fortification and storage on nutrients and properties of various human milk (HM) types.
  
  
  
  Mother's own milk (MOM) and pasteurized donor human milk (DHM; n=118) were analyzed pre- and post fortification with Enfamil and Similac human milk fortifier (EHMF and SHMF) before and after 24 h of refrigerated storage.
  
  
  
  Milk fortified with SHMF had significantly greater osmolality, pH and lipase activity than EHMF. Changes in protein, pH and osmolality following refrigerated storage differed between fortifiers. When milk type was factored into the analysis, protein and lipase activity changes in fresh MOM differed significantly from DHM and frozen MOM. Analysis of UNF HM found higher protein levels in preterm vs term samples and in MOM vs DHM.
  
  
  
  Nutrient composition of HM varies significantly by milk type. Although fortifiers enhance select nutrients, each has the potential to affect HM properties in a unique way and these affects may vary by milk type.
authors.affiliation: Advocate Center for Pediatric Research, Park Ridge, IL, USA.|Advocate Children's Hospital, Park Ridge, IL, USA.
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Donovan
authors.affiliation: Advocate Medical Group, Park Ridge, IL, USA.|Advocate Lutheran General Hospital, Park Ridge, IL, USA.|Mothers' Milk Bank of the Western Great Lakes, Elk Grove Village, IL, USA.
authors.forename: S G
authors.initials: SG
authors.lastname: Kelly
authors.affiliation: Advocate Children's Hospital, Park Ridge, IL, USA.|Advocate Medical Group, Park Ridge, IL, USA.|Division of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, Park Ridge, IL, USA.
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Prazad
authors.affiliation: Rosalind Franklin University of Medicine and Science, North Chicago, IL, USA.
authors.forename: P N
authors.initials: PN
authors.lastname: Talaty
authors.affiliation: Advocate Center for Pediatric Research, Park Ridge, IL, USA.|Advocate Children's Hospital, Park Ridge, IL, USA.
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Lefaiver
authors.affiliation: Rosalind Franklin University of Medicine and Science, North Chicago, IL, USA.
authors.forename: M L
authors.initials: ML
authors.lastname: Hastings
authors.affiliation: Rosalind Franklin University of Medicine and Science, North Chicago, IL, USA.
authors.forename: D N
authors.initials: DN
authors.lastname: Everly
mesh_terms: D005260:Female; D061353:Food Storage / Q000379:methods; D005527:Food, Fortified / Q000032:analysis*; D006801:Humans; D006863:Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; D007223:Infant; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D007234:Infant, Premature / Q000254:growth & development*; D008894:Milk Proteins / Q000032:analysis*; D008895:Milk, Human / Q000737:chemistry*; D009753:Nutritive Value; D012034:Refrigeration
chemical_list: D008894:Milk Proteins