title: A new neonatal cortical and subcortical brain atlas: the Melbourne Children's Regional Infant Brain (M-CRIB) atlas.
abstract: Investigating neonatal brain structure and function can offer valuable insights into behaviour and cognition in healthy and clinical populations; both at term age, and longitudinally in comparison with later time points. Parcellated brain atlases for adult populations are readily available, however warping infant data to adult template space is not ideal due to morphological and tissue differences between these groups. Several parcellated neonatal atlases have been developed, although there remains strong demand for manually parcellated ground truth data with detailed cortical definition. Additionally, compatibility with existing adult atlases is favourable for use in longitudinal investigations. We aimed to address these needs by replicating the widely-used Desikan-Killiany (2006) adult cortical atlas in neonates. We also aimed to extend brain coverage by complementing this cortical scheme with basal ganglia, thalamus, cerebellum and other subcortical segmentations. Thus, we have manually parcellated these areas volumetrically using high-resolution neonatal T2-weighted MRI scans, and initial automated and manually edited tissue classification, providing 100 regions in all. Linear and nonlinear T2-weighted structural templates were also generated. In this paper we provide manual parcellation protocols, and present the parcellated probability maps and structural templates together as the Melbourne Children's Regional Infant Brain (M-CRIB) atlas.
authors.affiliation: Murdoch Childrens Research Institute, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.
authors.forename: Bonnie
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Alexander
authors.affiliation: Murdoch Childrens Research Institute, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.
authors.forename: Andrea L
authors.initials: AL
authors.lastname: Murray
authors.affiliation: Murdoch Childrens Research Institute, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia; Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, Melbourne, Australia; The Florey Department of Neuroscience and Mental Health, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia.
authors.forename: Wai Yen
authors.initials: WY
authors.lastname: Loh
authors.affiliation: Murdoch Childrens Research Institute, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia; Department of Paediatrics, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia; Department of Newborn Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
authors.forename: Lillian G
authors.initials: LG
authors.lastname: Matthews
authors.affiliation: Murdoch Childrens Research Institute, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.
authors.forename: Chris
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Adamson
authors.affiliation: Murdoch Childrens Research Institute, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia; Department of Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia.
authors.forename: Richard
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Beare
authors.affiliation: Murdoch Childrens Research Institute, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia; Department of Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia.
authors.forename: Jian
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.affiliation: Murdoch Childrens Research Institute, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.
authors.forename: Claire E
authors.initials: CE
authors.lastname: Kelly
authors.affiliation: Department of Anatomy and Neuroscience, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia.
authors.forename: Sandra
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Rees
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
authors.forename: Simon K
authors.initials: SK
authors.lastname: Warfield
authors.affiliation: Murdoch Childrens Research Institute, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia; Department of Paediatrics, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia.
authors.forename: Peter J
authors.initials: PJ
authors.lastname: Anderson
authors.affiliation: Murdoch Childrens Research Institute, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia; Department of Paediatrics, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia; Neonatal Services, The Royal Women's Hospital, Melbourne, Australia; Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia.
authors.forename: Lex W
authors.initials: LW
authors.lastname: Doyle
authors.affiliation: Murdoch Childrens Research Institute, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia; Neonatal Services, The Royal Women's Hospital, Melbourne, Australia; Department of Physiotherapy, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia.
authors.forename: Alicia J
authors.initials: AJ
authors.lastname: Spittle
authors.affiliation: Murdoch Childrens Research Institute, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia; Neonatal Services, The Royal Women's Hospital, Melbourne, Australia; Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia.
authors.forename: Jeanie L Y
authors.initials: JLY
authors.lastname: Cheong
authors.affiliation: Murdoch Childrens Research Institute, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia; Department of Paediatrics, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia.
authors.forename: Marc L
authors.initials: ML
authors.lastname: Seal
authors.affiliation: Murdoch Childrens Research Institute, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia; Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, Melbourne, Australia; Department of Paediatrics, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia. Electronic address: deanne.thompson@mcri.edu.au.
authors.forename: Deanne K
authors.initials: DK
authors.lastname: Thompson
mesh_terms: D001271:Atlases as Topic; D001921:Brain / Q000033:anatomy & histology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging / Q000379:methods*; D008297:Male
keywords: Ground truth; Infant; Manual parcellation; T(2)-weighted MRI; Template