title: Oak protein profile alterations upon root colonization by an ectomycorrhizal fungus.
abstract: An increased knowledge on the real impacts of ectomycorrhizal symbiosis in forest species is needed to optimize forest sustainable productivity and thus to improve forest services and their capacity to act as carbon sinks. In this study, we investigated the response of an oak species to ectomycorrhizae formation using a proteomics approach complemented by biochemical analysis of carbohydrate levels. Comparative proteome analysis between mycorrhizal and nonmycorrhizal cork oak plants revealed no differences at the foliar level. However, the protein profile of 34 unique oak proteins was altered in the roots. Consistent with the results of the biochemical analysis, the proteome analysis of the mycorrhizal roots suggests a decreasing utilization of sucrose for the metabolic activity of mycorrhizal roots which is consistent with an increased allocation of carbohydrates from the plant to the fungus in order to sustain the symbiosis. In addition, a promotion of protein unfolding mechanisms, attenuation of defense reactions, increased nutrient mobilization from the plant-fungus interface (N and P), as well as cytoskeleton rearrangements and induction of plant cell wall loosening for fungal root accommodation in colonized roots are also suggested by the results. The suggested improvement in root capacity to take up nutrients accompanied by an increase of root biomass without apparent changes in aboveground biomass strongly re-enforces the potential of mycorrhizal inoculation to improve cork oak forest resistance capacity to cope with coming climate change.
authors.affiliation: Plant Functional Genomics Unit, Biosystems & Integrative Sciences Institute (BioISI), Faculty of Sciences, Lisbon University, Campo Grande, Edificio C2, piso 4, 1749-016, Lisbon, Portugal. mgsebastiana@fc.ul.pt.
authors.forename: Mónica
authors.identifier: http://orcid.org/0000-0001-8735-7632
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Sebastiana
authors.affiliation: Instituto de Tecnologia Química e Biológica António Xavier, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Avenida da Republica, 2780-s157, Oeiras, Portugal.
authors.forename: Joana
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Martins
authors.affiliation: Plant Functional Genomics Unit, Biosystems & Integrative Sciences Institute (BioISI), Faculty of Sciences, Lisbon University, Campo Grande, Edificio C2, piso 4, 1749-016, Lisbon, Portugal.
authors.forename: Andreia
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Figueiredo
authors.affiliation: Plant Functional Genomics Unit, Biosystems & Integrative Sciences Institute (BioISI), Faculty of Sciences, Lisbon University, Campo Grande, Edificio C2, piso 4, 1749-016, Lisbon, Portugal.
authors.forename: Filipa
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Monteiro
authors.affiliation: CSIC, Global Ecology Unit, CREAF-CSIC-UAB, Cerdanyola del Vallès, 08193, Catalonia, Spain.|CREAF, Cerdanyola del Vallès, 08193, Catalonia, Spain.
authors.forename: Jordi
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Sardans
authors.affiliation: CSIC, Global Ecology Unit, CREAF-CSIC-UAB, Cerdanyola del Vallès, 08193, Catalonia, Spain.|CREAF, Cerdanyola del Vallès, 08193, Catalonia, Spain.
authors.forename: Josep
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Peñuelas
authors.affiliation: Plant Functional Genomics Unit, Biosystems & Integrative Sciences Institute (BioISI), Faculty of Sciences, Lisbon University, Campo Grande, Edificio C2, piso 4, 1749-016, Lisbon, Portugal.
authors.forename: Anabela
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Silva
authors.affiliation: Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Southern Denmark, Campusvej 55, 5230, Odense M, Denmark.
authors.forename: Peter
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Roepstorff
authors.affiliation: Plant Functional Genomics Unit, Biosystems & Integrative Sciences Institute (BioISI), Faculty of Sciences, Lisbon University, Campo Grande, Edificio C2, piso 4, 1749-016, Lisbon, Portugal.
authors.forename: Maria Salomé
authors.initials: MS
authors.lastname: Pais
authors.affiliation: Instituto de Tecnologia Química e Biológica António Xavier, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Avenida da Republica, 2780-s157, Oeiras, Portugal.
authors.forename: Ana Varela
authors.initials: AV
authors.lastname: Coelho
mesh_terms: D001487:Basidiomycota / Q000502:physiology*; D018533:Biomass; D003599:Cytoskeleton / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D018506:Gene Expression Regulation, Plant / Q000502:physiology; D050356:Lipid Metabolism / Q000502:physiology; D038821:Mycorrhizae / Q000502:physiology*; D018515:Plant Leaves / Q000378:metabolism; D010940:Plant Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D018517:Plant Roots / Q000382:microbiology*; D029963:Quercus / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000382:microbiology*; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D018749:RNA, Plant / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D013312:Stress, Physiological; D013559:Symbiosis
chemical_list: D010940:Plant Proteins; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D018749:RNA, Plant
keywords: Cork oak; Differential in gel electrophoresis (DIGE); Ectomycorrhizae; Mass spectrometry; Proteome; Symbiosis