title: Hypoplastic left heart syndrome: from comfort care to long-term survival.
abstract: The management of hypoplastic left heart syndrome (HLHS) has changed substantially over the past four decades. In the 1970s, children with HLHS could only be provided with supportive care. As a result, most of these unfortunate children died within the neonatal period. The advent of the Norwood procedure in the early 1980s has changed the prognosis for these children, and the majority now undergoing a series of three surgical stages that can support survival beyond the neonatal period and into early adulthood. This review will focus on the Norwood procedure and the other important innovations of the last half century that have improved our outlook toward children born with HLHS.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatrics, Section of Critical Care, Riley Hospital for Children at Indiana University Health and Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana.
authors.forename: Mouhammad
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Yabrodi
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatrics, Section of Critical Care, Riley Hospital for Children at Indiana University Health and Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana.
authors.forename: Christopher W
authors.initials: CW
authors.lastname: Mastropietro
mesh_terms: D002309:Cardiology / Q000266:history; D049673:History, 20th Century; D049674:History, 21st Century; D006801:Humans; D018636:Hypoplastic Left Heart Syndrome / Q000473:pathology* / Q000601:surgery; D007223:Infant; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D058327:Norwood Procedures; D000070659:Patient Comfort; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D016896:Treatment Outcome