title: Nutrient profiles of the hybrid grape cultivar 'Isabel' during berry maturation and ripening.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The hybrid grape cultivar 'Isabel' (Vitis labrusca × V. vinifera) is widely grown in the Black Sea region of Turkey and constitutes an important part of the diet of its inhabitants. Phenological and ampelographic studies of the grape have previously been performed, but there are no data concerning nutrient composition. Its nutrient content needs to be investigated to ascertain its potential economic and nutritional uses in the region.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The concentrations (range, g kg-1fresh weight) of major soluble sugars (fructose 2.08-79.70; glucose 3.71-66.74) increased and those of organic acids (tartaric acid 0.05-6.60; malic acid 2.38-9.92) decreased in the skin and pulp during ripening. The major fatty acid was linoleic acid in the skin (50.13), pulp (18.11) and seed (704), while the main minerals (dry weight) were potassium (2.70-19.70), followed by phosphorus (0.53-3.40) and calcium (0.42-5.90) in the parts.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Berry maturation and ripening significantly influenced the concentrations of sugars and organic acids the most in the skin and pulp, but did not significantly affect the concentrations of fatty acids and minerals in the 'Isabel' grape. Our findings also suggest an optimal harvest time in terms of levels of the nutrients. © 2016 Society of Chemical Industry.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Karadeniz Technical University, 61080, Trabzon, Turkey.
authors.forename: Aynur
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Kurt
authors.affiliation: Biosystem Engineering, Faculty of Agriculture and Natural Sciences, Düzce University, 81620, Düzce, Turkey.
authors.forename: Hülya
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Torun
authors.affiliation: Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Karadeniz Technical University, 61080, Trabzon, Turkey.
authors.forename: Nesrin
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Colak
authors.affiliation: US Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Northern Crop Science Laboratory, Fargo, ND, 58102, USA.
authors.forename: Gerald
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Seiler
authors.affiliation: Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Karadeniz Technical University, 61080, Trabzon, Turkey.
authors.forename: Sema
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Hayirlioglu-Ayaz
authors.affiliation: Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Karadeniz Technical University, 61080, Trabzon, Turkey.
authors.forename: Faik Ahmet
authors.initials: FA
authors.lastname: Ayaz
mesh_terms: D002241:Carbohydrates / Q000737:chemistry; D005421:Flavoring Agents / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism; D005638:Fruit / Q000737:chemistry / Q000235:genetics / Q000254:growth & development* / Q000378:metabolism; D008293:Malates / Q000032:analysis / Q000378:metabolism; D008903:Minerals / Q000032:analysis / Q000378:metabolism; D009753:Nutritive Value; D013644:Tartrates / Q000032:analysis / Q000378:metabolism; D014421:Turkey; D027843:Vitis / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000235:genetics / Q000254:growth & development / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D002241:Carbohydrates; D005421:Flavoring Agents; D008293:Malates; D008903:Minerals; D013644:Tartrates; C030298:malic acid; C029768:tartaric acid
keywords: Isabel; Vitis labrusca; element; fatty acid; fox grape; organic acid; sugar