title: Job insecurity and risk of diabetes: a meta-analysis of individual participant data.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Job insecurity has been associated with certain health outcomes. We examined the role of job insecurity as a risk factor for incident diabetes.
  
  
  METHODS
  We used individual participant data from 8 cohort studies identified in 2 open-access data archives and 11 cohort studies participating in the Individual-Participant-Data Meta-analysis in Working Populations Consortium. We calculated study-specific estimates of the association between job insecurity reported at baseline and incident diabetes over the follow-up period. We pooled the estimates in a meta-analysis to produce a summary risk estimate.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The 19 studies involved 140 825 participants from Australia, Europe and the United States, with a mean follow-up of 9.4 years and 3954 incident cases of diabetes. In the preliminary analysis adjusted for age and sex, high job insecurity was associated with an increased risk of incident diabetes compared with low job insecurity (adjusted odds ratio [OR] 1.19, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.09-1.30). In the multivariable-adjusted analysis restricted to 15 studies with baseline data for all covariates (age, sex, socioeconomic status, obesity, physical activity, alcohol and smoking), the association was slightly attenuated (adjusted OR 1.12, 95% CI 1.01-1.24). Heterogeneity between the studies was low to moderate (age- and sex-adjusted model: I2= 24%, p = 0.2; multivariable-adjusted model: I2= 27%, p = 0.2). In the multivariable-adjusted analysis restricted to high-quality studies, in which the diabetes diagnosis was ascertained from electronic medical records or clinical examination, the association was similar to that in the main analysis (adjusted OR 1.19, 95% CI 1.04-1.35).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our findings suggest that self-reported job insecurity is associated with a modest increased risk of incident diabetes. Health care personnel should be aware of this association among workers reporting job insecurity.
authors.affiliation: Department of Epidemiology and Public Health (Ferrie, Batty, Shipley, Tabák, Kivimäki), University College London, London, UK; School of Community and Social Medicine (Ferrie), University of Bristol, Bristol, UK; Finnish Institute of Occupational Health (Virtanen, Heikkilä, Koskinen, Oksanen, Pahkin, Pentti, Salo, Väänänen, Vahtera, Nyberg, Kivimäki), Helsinki, Tampere and Turku, Finland; Institute of Behavioural Sciences (Jokela, Kivimäki), University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland; National Research Centre for the Working Environment (Madsen, Bjorner, Rugulies), Copenhagen, Denmark; Institute of Environmental Medicine (Alfredsson, Fransson), Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden; Centre for Occupational and Environmental Medicine (Alfredsson, Theorell, Westerlund), Stockholm County Council, Stockholm, Sweden; Centre for Cognitive Ageing and Cognitive Epidemiology (Batty), University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, Scotland; Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine (Borritz), Bispebjerg University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark; Federal Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (Bundesanstalt für Arbeitsschutz und Arbeitsmedizin) (Burr), Berlin, Germany; Institute for Medical Sociology, Medical Faculty (Dragano), University of Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany; National Institute for Health and Welfare (Elovainio), Helsinki, Finland; School of Health Sciences (Fransson), Jönköping University, Jönköping, Sweden; Stress Research Institute (Fransson), Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden; Department of Health Sciences (Knutsson), Mid Sweden University, Sundsvall, Sweden; Departments of Public Health (Koskenvuo) and Social Research (Kouvonen), University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland; Institute for Social and Economic Research (Kumari), University of Essex, Colchester, UK; Unit of Social Medicine (Nielsen), Frederiksberg University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark; Department of Psychology (Nordin), Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden; The Danish National Centre for Social Research (Pejtersen), Copenhagen, Denmark; Departments of Psychology (Salo) and Public Health (Suominen, Vahtera), University of Turku, Turku, Finland; Folkhälsan Research Center (Suominen), Helsinki, Finland; University of Skövde (Suominen), Skövde, Sweden; 1st Department of Medicine (Tabák), Semmelweis University Faculty of Medicine, Budapest, Hungary; Turku University Hospital (Vahtera), Turku, Finland; Department of Medical Sciences (Westerholm), Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden; Departments of Public Health and Psychology (Rugulies), University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark jane.ferrie@bristol.ac.uk.
authors.forename: Jane E
authors.initials: JE
authors.lastname: Ferrie
authors.affiliation: Department of Epidemiology and Public Health (Ferrie, Batty, Shipley, Tabák, Kivimäki), University College London, London, UK; School of Community and Social Medicine (Ferrie), University of Bristol, Bristol, UK; Finnish Institute of Occupational Health (Virtanen, Heikkilä, Koskinen, Oksanen, Pahkin, Pentti, Salo, Väänänen, Vahtera, Nyberg, Kivimäki), Helsinki, Tampere and Turku, Finland; Institute of Behavioural Sciences (Jokela, Kivimäki), University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland; National Research Centre for the Working Environment (Madsen, Bjorner, Rugulies), Copenhagen, Denmark; Institute of Environmental Medicine (Alfredsson, Fransson), Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden; Centre for Occupational and Environmental Medicine (Alfredsson, Theorell, Westerlund), Stockholm County Council, Stockholm, Sweden; Centre for Cognitive Ageing and Cognitive Epidemiology (Batty), University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, Scotland; Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine (Borritz), Bispebjerg University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark; Federal Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (Bundesanstalt für Arbeitsschutz und Arbeitsmedizin) (Burr), Berlin, Germany; Institute for Medical Sociology, Medical Faculty (Dragano), University of Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany; National Institute for Health and Welfare (Elovainio), Helsinki, Finland; School of Health Sciences (Fransson), Jönköping University, Jönköping, Sweden; Stress Research Institute (Fransson), Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden; Department of Health Sciences (Knutsson), Mid Sweden University, Sundsvall, Sweden; Departments of Public Health (Koskenvuo) and Social Research (Kouvonen), University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland; Institute for Social and Economic Research (Kumari), University of Essex, Colchester, UK; Unit of Social Medicine (Nielsen), Frederiksberg University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark; Department of Psychology (Nordin), Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden; The Danish National Centre for Social Research (Pejtersen), Copenhagen, Denmark; Departments of Psychology (Salo) and Public Health (Suominen, Vahtera), University of Turku, Turku, Finland; Folkhälsan Research Center (Suominen), Helsinki, Finland; University of Skövde (Suominen), Skövde, Sweden; 1st Department of Medicine (Tabák), Semmelweis University Faculty of Medicine, Budapest, Hungary; Turku University Hospital (Vahtera), Turku, Finland; Department of Medical Sciences (Westerholm), Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden; Departments of Public Health and Psychology (Rugulies), University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.
authors.forename: Marianna
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Virtanen
authors.affiliation: Department of Epidemiology and Public Health (Ferrie, Batty, Shipley, Tabák, Kivimäki), University College London, London, UK; School of Community and Social Medicine (Ferrie), University of Bristol, Bristol, UK; Finnish Institute of Occupational Health (Virtanen, Heikkilä, Koskinen, Oksanen, Pahkin, Pentti, Salo, Väänänen, Vahtera, Nyberg, Kivimäki), Helsinki, Tampere and Turku, Finland; Institute of Behavioural Sciences (Jokela, Kivimäki), University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland; National Research Centre for the Working Environment (Madsen, Bjorner, Rugulies), Copenhagen, Denmark; Institute of Environmental Medicine (Alfredsson, Fransson), Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden; Centre for Occupational and Environmental Medicine (Alfredsson, Theorell, Westerlund), Stockholm County Council, Stockholm, Sweden; Centre for Cognitive Ageing and Cognitive Epidemiology (Batty), University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, Scotland; Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine (Borritz), Bispebjerg University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark; Federal Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (Bundesanstalt für Arbeitsschutz und Arbeitsmedizin) (Burr), Berlin, Germany; Institute for Medical Sociology, Medical Faculty (Dragano), University of Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany; National Institute for Health and Welfare (Elovainio), Helsinki, Finland; School of Health Sciences (Fransson), Jönköping University, Jönköping, Sweden; Stress Research Institute (Fransson), Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden; Department of Health Sciences (Knutsson), Mid Sweden University, Sundsvall, Sweden; Departments of Public Health (Koskenvuo) and Social Research (Kouvonen), University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland; Institute for Social and Economic Research (Kumari), University of Essex, Colchester, UK; Unit of Social Medicine (Nielsen), Frederiksberg University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark; Department of Psychology (Nordin), Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden; The Danish National Centre for Social Research (Pejtersen), Copenhagen, Denmark; Departments of Psychology (Salo) and Public Health (Suominen, Vahtera), University of Turku, Turku, Finland; Folkhälsan Research Center (Suominen), Helsinki, Finland; University of Skövde (Suominen), Skövde, Sweden; 1st Department of Medicine (Tabák), Semmelweis University Faculty of Medicine, Budapest, Hungary; Turku University Hospital (Vahtera), Turku, Finland; Department of Medical Sciences (Westerholm), Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden; Departments of Public Health and Psychology (Rugulies), University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.
authors.forename: Markus
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Jokela
authors.affiliation: Department of Epidemiology and Public Health (Ferrie, Batty, Shipley, Tabák, Kivimäki), University College London, London, UK; School of Community and Social Medicine (Ferrie), University of Bristol, Bristol, UK; Finnish Institute of Occupational Health (Virtanen, Heikkilä, Koskinen, Oksanen, Pahkin, Pentti, Salo, Väänänen, Vahtera, Nyberg, Kivimäki), Helsinki, Tampere and Turku, Finland; Institute of Behavioural Sciences (Jokela, Kivimäki), University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland; National Research Centre for the Working Environment (Madsen, Bjorner, Rugulies), Copenhagen, Denmark; Institute of Environmental Medicine (Alfredsson, Fransson), Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden; Centre for Occupational and Environmental Medicine (Alfredsson, Theorell, Westerlund), Stockholm County Council, Stockholm, Sweden; Centre for Cognitive Ageing and Cognitive Epidemiology (Batty), University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, Scotland; Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine (Borritz), Bispebjerg University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark; Federal Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (Bundesanstalt für Arbeitsschutz und Arbeitsmedizin) (Burr), Berlin, Germany; Institute for Medical Sociology, Medical Faculty (Dragano), University of Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany; National Institute for Health and Welfare (Elovainio), Helsinki, Finland; School of Health Sciences (Fransson), Jönköping University, Jönköping, Sweden; Stress Research Institute (Fransson), Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden; Department of Health Sciences (Knutsson), Mid Sweden University, Sundsvall, Sweden; Departments of Public Health (Koskenvuo) and Social Research (Kouvonen), University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland; Institute for Social and Economic Research (Kumari), University of Essex, Colchester, UK; Unit of Social Medicine (Nielsen), Frederiksberg University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark; Department of Psychology (Nordin), Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden; The Danish National Centre for Social Research (Pejtersen), Copenhagen, Denmark; Departments of Psychology (Salo) and Public Health (Suominen, Vahtera), University of Turku, Turku, Finland; Folkhälsan Research Center (Suominen), Helsinki, Finland; University of Skövde (Suominen), Skövde, Sweden; 1st Department of Medicine (Tabák), Semmelweis University Faculty of Medicine, Budapest, Hungary; Turku University Hospital (Vahtera), Turku, Finland; Department of Medical Sciences (Westerholm), Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden; Departments of Public Health and Psychology (Rugulies), University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.
authors.forename: Ida E H
authors.initials: IEH
authors.lastname: Madsen
authors.affiliation: Department of Epidemiology and Public Health (Ferrie, Batty, Shipley, Tabák, Kivimäki), University College London, London, UK; School of Community and Social Medicine (Ferrie), University of Bristol, Bristol, UK; Finnish Institute of Occupational Health (Virtanen, Heikkilä, Koskinen, Oksanen, Pahkin, Pentti, Salo, Väänänen, Vahtera, Nyberg, Kivimäki), Helsinki, Tampere and Turku, Finland; Institute of Behavioural Sciences (Jokela, Kivimäki), University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland; National Research Centre for the Working Environment (Madsen, Bjorner, Rugulies), Copenhagen, Denmark; Institute of Environmental Medicine (Alfredsson, Fransson), Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden; Centre for Occupational and Environmental Medicine (Alfredsson, Theorell, Westerlund), Stockholm County Council, Stockholm, Sweden; Centre for Cognitive Ageing and Cognitive Epidemiology (Batty), University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, Scotland; Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine (Borritz), Bispebjerg University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark; Federal Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (Bundesanstalt für Arbeitsschutz und Arbeitsmedizin) (Burr), Berlin, Germany; Institute for Medical Sociology, Medical Faculty (Dragano), University of Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany; National Institute for Health and Welfare (Elovainio), Helsinki, Finland; School of Health Sciences (Fransson), Jönköping University, Jönköping, Sweden; Stress Research Institute (Fransson), Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden; Department of Health Sciences (Knutsson), Mid Sweden University, Sundsvall, Sweden; Departments of Public Health (Koskenvuo) and Social Research (Kouvonen), University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland; Institute for Social and Economic Research (Kumari), University of Essex, Colchester, UK; Unit of Social Medicine (Nielsen), Frederiksberg University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark; Department of Psychology (Nordin), Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden; The Danish National Centre for Social Research (Pejtersen), Copenhagen, Denmark; Departments of Psychology (Salo) and Public Health (Suominen, Vahtera), University of Turku, Turku, Finland; Folkhälsan Research Center (Suominen), Helsinki, Finland; University of Skövde (Suominen), Skövde, Sweden; 1st Department of Medicine (Tabák), Semmelweis University Faculty of Medicine, Budapest, Hungary; Turku University Hospital (Vahtera), Turku, Finland; Department of Medical Sciences (Westerholm), Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden; Departments of Public Health and Psychology (Rugulies), University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.
authors.forename: Katriina
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Heikkilä
authors.affiliation: Department of Epidemiology and Public Health (Ferrie, Batty, Shipley, Tabák, Kivimäki), University College London, London, UK; School of Community and Social Medicine (Ferrie), University of Bristol, Bristol, UK; Finnish Institute of Occupational Health (Virtanen, Heikkilä, Koskinen, Oksanen, Pahkin, Pentti, Salo, Väänänen, Vahtera, Nyberg, Kivimäki), Helsinki, Tampere and Turku, Finland; Institute of Behavioural Sciences (Jokela, Kivimäki), University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland; National Research Centre for the Working Environment (Madsen, Bjorner, Rugulies), Copenhagen, Denmark; Institute of Environmental Medicine (Alfredsson, Fransson), Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden; Centre for Occupational and Environmental Medicine (Alfredsson, Theorell, Westerlund), Stockholm County Council, Stockholm, Sweden; Centre for Cognitive Ageing and Cognitive Epidemiology (Batty), University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, Scotland; Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine (Borritz), Bispebjerg University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark; Federal Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (Bundesanstalt für Arbeitsschutz und Arbeitsmedizin) (Burr), Berlin, Germany; Institute for Medical Sociology, Medical Faculty (Dragano), University of Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany; National Institute for Health and Welfare (Elovainio), Helsinki, Finland; School of Health Sciences (Fransson), Jönköping University, Jönköping, Sweden; Stress Research Institute (Fransson), Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden; Department of Health Sciences (Knutsson), Mid Sweden University, Sundsvall, Sweden; Departments of Public Health (Koskenvuo) and Social Research (Kouvonen), University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland; Institute for Social and Economic Research (Kumari), University of Essex, Colchester, UK; Unit of Social Medicine (Nielsen), Frederiksberg University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark; Department of Psychology (Nordin), Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden; The Danish National Centre for Social Research (Pejtersen), Copenhagen, Denmark; Departments of Psychology (Salo) and Public Health (Suominen, Vahtera), University of Turku, Turku, Finland; Folkhälsan Research Center (Suominen), Helsinki, Finland; University of Skövde (Suominen), Skövde, Sweden; 1st Department of Medicine (Tabák), Semmelweis University Faculty of Medicine, Budapest, Hungary; Turku University Hospital (Vahtera), Turku, Finland; Department of Medical Sciences (Westerholm), Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden; Departments of Public Health and Psychology (Rugulies), University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.
authors.forename: Lars
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Alfredsson
authors.affiliation: Department of Epidemiology and Public Health (Ferrie, Batty, Shipley, Tabák, Kivimäki), University College London, London, UK; School of Community and Social Medicine (Ferrie), University of Bristol, Bristol, UK; Finnish Institute of Occupational Health (Virtanen, Heikkilä, Koskinen, Oksanen, Pahkin, Pentti, Salo, Väänänen, Vahtera, Nyberg, Kivimäki), Helsinki, Tampere and Turku, Finland; Institute of Behavioural Sciences (Jokela, Kivimäki), University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland; National Research Centre for the Working Environment (Madsen, Bjorner, Rugulies), Copenhagen, Denmark; Institute of Environmental Medicine (Alfredsson, Fransson), Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden; Centre for Occupational and Environmental Medicine (Alfredsson, Theorell, Westerlund), Stockholm County Council, Stockholm, Sweden; Centre for Cognitive Ageing and Cognitive Epidemiology (Batty), University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, Scotland; Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine (Borritz), Bispebjerg University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark; Federal Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (Bundesanstalt für Arbeitsschutz und Arbeitsmedizin) (Burr), Berlin, Germany; Institute for Medical Sociology, Medical Faculty (Dragano), University of Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany; National Institute for Health and Welfare (Elovainio), Helsinki, Finland; School of Health Sciences (Fransson), Jönköping University, Jönköping, Sweden; Stress Research Institute (Fransson), Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden; Department of Health Sciences (Knutsson), Mid Sweden University, Sundsvall, Sweden; Departments of Public Health (Koskenvuo) and Social Research (Kouvonen), University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland; Institute for Social and Economic Research (Kumari), University of Essex, Colchester, UK; Unit of Social Medicine (Nielsen), Frederiksberg University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark; Department of Psychology (Nordin), Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden; The Danish National Centre for Social Research (Pejtersen), Copenhagen, Denmark; Departments of Psychology (Salo) and Public Health (Suominen, Vahtera), University of Turku, Turku, Finland; Folkhälsan Research Center (Suominen), Helsinki, Finland; University of Skövde (Suominen), Skövde, Sweden; 1st Department of Medicine (Tabák), Semmelweis University Faculty of Medicine, Budapest, Hungary; Turku University Hospital (Vahtera), Turku, Finland; Department of Medical Sciences (Westerholm), Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden; Departments of Public Health and Psychology (Rugulies), University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.
authors.forename: G David
authors.initials: GD
authors.lastname: Batty
authors.affiliation: Department of Epidemiology and Public Health (Ferrie, Batty, Shipley, Tabák, Kivimäki), University College London, London, UK; School of Community and Social Medicine (Ferrie), University of Bristol, Bristol, UK; Finnish Institute of Occupational Health (Virtanen, Heikkilä, Koskinen, Oksanen, Pahkin, Pentti, Salo, Väänänen, Vahtera, Nyberg, Kivimäki), Helsinki, Tampere and Turku, Finland; Institute of Behavioural Sciences (Jokela, Kivimäki), University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland; National Research Centre for the Working Environment (Madsen, Bjorner, Rugulies), Copenhagen, Denmark; Institute of Environmental Medicine (Alfredsson, Fransson), Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden; Centre for Occupational and Environmental Medicine (Alfredsson, Theorell, Westerlund), Stockholm County Council, Stockholm, Sweden; Centre for Cognitive Ageing and Cognitive Epidemiology (Batty), University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, Scotland; Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine (Borritz), Bispebjerg University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark; Federal Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (Bundesanstalt für Arbeitsschutz und Arbeitsmedizin) (Burr), Berlin, Germany; Institute for Medical Sociology, Medical Faculty (Dragano), University of Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany; National Institute for Health and Welfare (Elovainio), Helsinki, Finland; School of Health Sciences (Fransson), Jönköping University, Jönköping, Sweden; Stress Research Institute (Fransson), Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden; Department of Health Sciences (Knutsson), Mid Sweden University, Sundsvall, Sweden; Departments of Public Health (Koskenvuo) and Social Research (Kouvonen), University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland; Institute for Social and Economic Research (Kumari), University of Essex, Colchester, UK; Unit of Social Medicine (Nielsen), Frederiksberg University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark; Department of Psychology (Nordin), Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden; The Danish National Centre for Social Research (Pejtersen), Copenhagen, Denmark; Departments of Psychology (Salo) and Public Health (Suominen, Vahtera), University of Turku, Turku, Finland; Folkhälsan Research Center (Suominen), Helsinki, Finland; University of Skövde (Suominen), Skövde, Sweden; 1st Department of Medicine (Tabák), Semmelweis University Faculty of Medicine, Budapest, Hungary; Turku University Hospital (Vahtera), Turku, Finland; Department of Medical Sciences (Westerholm), Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden; Departments of Public Health and Psychology (Rugulies), University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.
authors.forename: Jakob B
authors.initials: JB
authors.lastname: Bjorner
authors.affiliation: Department of Epidemiology and Public Health (Ferrie, Batty, Shipley, Tabák, Kivimäki), University College London, London, UK; School of Community and Social Medicine (Ferrie), University of Bristol, Bristol, UK; Finnish Institute of Occupational Health (Virtanen, Heikkilä, Koskinen, Oksanen, Pahkin, Pentti, Salo, Väänänen, Vahtera, Nyberg, Kivimäki), Helsinki, Tampere and Turku, Finland; Institute of Behavioural Sciences (Jokela, Kivimäki), University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland; National Research Centre for the Working Environment (Madsen, Bjorner, Rugulies), Copenhagen, Denmark; Institute of Environmental Medicine (Alfredsson, Fransson), Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden; Centre for Occupational and Environmental Medicine (Alfredsson, Theorell, Westerlund), Stockholm County Council, Stockholm, Sweden; Centre for Cognitive Ageing and Cognitive Epidemiology (Batty), University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, Scotland; Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine (Borritz), Bispebjerg University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark; Federal Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (Bundesanstalt für Arbeitsschutz und Arbeitsmedizin) (Burr), Berlin, Germany; Institute for Medical Sociology, Medical Faculty (Dragano), University of Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany; National Institute for Health and Welfare (Elovainio), Helsinki, Finland; School of Health Sciences (Fransson), Jönköping University, Jönköping, Sweden; Stress Research Institute (Fransson), Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden; Department of Health Sciences (Knutsson), Mid Sweden University, Sundsvall, Sweden; Departments of Public Health (Koskenvuo) and Social Research (Kouvonen), University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland; Institute for Social and Economic Research (Kumari), University of Essex, Colchester, UK; Unit of Social Medicine (Nielsen), Frederiksberg University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark; Department of Psychology (Nordin), Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden; The Danish National Centre for Social Research (Pejtersen), Copenhagen, Denmark; Departments of Psychology (Salo) and Public Health (Suominen, Vahtera), University of Turku, Turku, Finland; Folkhälsan Research Center (Suominen), Helsinki, Finland; University of Skövde (Suominen), Skövde, Sweden; 1st Department of Medicine (Tabák), Semmelweis University Faculty of Medicine, Budapest, Hungary; Turku University Hospital (Vahtera), Turku, Finland; Department of Medical Sciences (Westerholm), Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden; Departments of Public Health and Psychology (Rugulies), University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.
authors.forename: Marianne
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Borritz
authors.affiliation: Department of Epidemiology and Public Health (Ferrie, Batty, Shipley, Tabák, Kivimäki), University College London, London, UK; School of Community and Social Medicine (Ferrie), University of Bristol, Bristol, UK; Finnish Institute of Occupational Health (Virtanen, Heikkilä, Koskinen, Oksanen, Pahkin, Pentti, Salo, Väänänen, Vahtera, Nyberg, Kivimäki), Helsinki, Tampere and Turku, Finland; Institute of Behavioural Sciences (Jokela, Kivimäki), University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland; National Research Centre for the Working Environment (Madsen, Bjorner, Rugulies), Copenhagen, Denmark; Institute of Environmental Medicine (Alfredsson, Fransson), Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden; Centre for Occupational and Environmental Medicine (Alfredsson, Theorell, Westerlund), Stockholm County Council, Stockholm, Sweden; Centre for Cognitive Ageing and Cognitive Epidemiology (Batty), University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, Scotland; Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine (Borritz), Bispebjerg University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark; Federal Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (Bundesanstalt für Arbeitsschutz und Arbeitsmedizin) (Burr), Berlin, Germany; Institute for Medical Sociology, Medical Faculty (Dragano), University of Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany; National Institute for Health and Welfare (Elovainio), Helsinki, Finland; School of Health Sciences (Fransson), Jönköping University, Jönköping, Sweden; Stress Research Institute (Fransson), Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden; Department of Health Sciences (Knutsson), Mid Sweden University, Sundsvall, Sweden; Departments of Public Health (Koskenvuo) and Social Research (Kouvonen), University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland; Institute for Social and Economic Research (Kumari), University of Essex, Colchester, UK; Unit of Social Medicine (Nielsen), Frederiksberg University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark; Department of Psychology (Nordin), Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden; The Danish National Centre for Social Research (Pejtersen), Copenhagen, Denmark; Departments of Psychology (Salo) and Public Health (Suominen, Vahtera), University of Turku, Turku, Finland; Folkhälsan Research Center (Suominen), Helsinki, Finland; University of Skövde (Suominen), Skövde, Sweden; 1st Department of Medicine (Tabák), Semmelweis University Faculty of Medicine, Budapest, Hungary; Turku University Hospital (Vahtera), Turku, Finland; Department of Medical Sciences (Westerholm), Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden; Departments of Public Health and Psychology (Rugulies), University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.
authors.forename: Hermann
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Burr
authors.affiliation: Department of Epidemiology and Public Health (Ferrie, Batty, Shipley, Tabák, Kivimäki), University College London, London, UK; School of Community and Social Medicine (Ferrie), University of Bristol, Bristol, UK; Finnish Institute of Occupational Health (Virtanen, Heikkilä, Koskinen, Oksanen, Pahkin, Pentti, Salo, Väänänen, Vahtera, Nyberg, Kivimäki), Helsinki, Tampere and Turku, Finland; Institute of Behavioural Sciences (Jokela, Kivimäki), University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland; National Research Centre for the Working Environment (Madsen, Bjorner, Rugulies), Copenhagen, Denmark; Institute of Environmental Medicine (Alfredsson, Fransson), Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden; Centre for Occupational and Environmental Medicine (Alfredsson, Theorell, Westerlund), Stockholm County Council, Stockholm, Sweden; Centre for Cognitive Ageing and Cognitive Epidemiology (Batty), University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, Scotland; Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine (Borritz), Bispebjerg University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark; Federal Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (Bundesanstalt für Arbeitsschutz und Arbeitsmedizin) (Burr), Berlin, Germany; Institute for Medical Sociology, Medical Faculty (Dragano), University of Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany; National Institute for Health and Welfare (Elovainio), Helsinki, Finland; School of Health Sciences (Fransson), Jönköping University, Jönköping, Sweden; Stress Research Institute (Fransson), Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden; Department of Health Sciences (Knutsson), Mid Sweden University, Sundsvall, Sweden; Departments of Public Health (Koskenvuo) and Social Research (Kouvonen), University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland; Institute for Social and Economic Research (Kumari), University of Essex, Colchester, UK; Unit of Social Medicine (Nielsen), Frederiksberg University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark; Department of Psychology (Nordin), Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden; The Danish National Centre for Social Research (Pejtersen), Copenhagen, Denmark; Departments of Psychology (Salo) and Public Health (Suominen, Vahtera), University of Turku, Turku, Finland; Folkhälsan Research Center (Suominen), Helsinki, Finland; University of Skövde (Suominen), Skövde, Sweden; 1st Department of Medicine (Tabák), Semmelweis University Faculty of Medicine, Budapest, Hungary; Turku University Hospital (Vahtera), Turku, Finland; Department of Medical Sciences (Westerholm), Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden; Departments of Public Health and Psychology (Rugulies), University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.
authors.forename: Nico
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Dragano
authors.affiliation: Department of Epidemiology and Public Health (Ferrie, Batty, Shipley, Tabák, Kivimäki), University College London, London, UK; School of Community and Social Medicine (Ferrie), University of Bristol, Bristol, UK; Finnish Institute of Occupational Health (Virtanen, Heikkilä, Koskinen, Oksanen, Pahkin, Pentti, Salo, Väänänen, Vahtera, Nyberg, Kivimäki), Helsinki, Tampere and Turku, Finland; Institute of Behavioural Sciences (Jokela, Kivimäki), University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland; National Research Centre for the Working Environment (Madsen, Bjorner, Rugulies), Copenhagen, Denmark; Institute of Environmental Medicine (Alfredsson, Fransson), Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden; Centre for Occupational and Environmental Medicine (Alfredsson, Theorell, Westerlund), Stockholm County Council, Stockholm, Sweden; Centre for Cognitive Ageing and Cognitive Epidemiology (Batty), University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, Scotland; Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine (Borritz), Bispebjerg University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark; Federal Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (Bundesanstalt für Arbeitsschutz und Arbeitsmedizin) (Burr), Berlin, Germany; Institute for Medical Sociology, Medical Faculty (Dragano), University of Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany; National Institute for Health and Welfare (Elovainio), Helsinki, Finland; School of Health Sciences (Fransson), Jönköping University, Jönköping, Sweden; Stress Research Institute (Fransson), Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden; Department of Health Sciences (Knutsson), Mid Sweden University, Sundsvall, Sweden; Departments of Public Health (Koskenvuo) and Social Research (Kouvonen), University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland; Institute for Social and Economic Research (Kumari), University of Essex, Colchester, UK; Unit of Social Medicine (Nielsen), Frederiksberg University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark; Department of Psychology (Nordin), Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden; The Danish National Centre for Social Research (Pejtersen), Copenhagen, Denmark; Departments of Psychology (Salo) and Public Health (Suominen, Vahtera), University of Turku, Turku, Finland; Folkhälsan Research Center (Suominen), Helsinki, Finland; University of Skövde (Suominen), Skövde, Sweden; 1st Department of Medicine (Tabák), Semmelweis University Faculty of Medicine, Budapest, Hungary; Turku University Hospital (Vahtera), Turku, Finland; Department of Medical Sciences (Westerholm), Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden; Departments of Public Health and Psychology (Rugulies), University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.
authors.forename: Marko
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Elovainio
authors.affiliation: Department of Epidemiology and Public Health (Ferrie, Batty, Shipley, Tabák, Kivimäki), University College London, London, UK; School of Community and Social Medicine (Ferrie), University of Bristol, Bristol, UK; Finnish Institute of Occupational Health (Virtanen, Heikkilä, Koskinen, Oksanen, Pahkin, Pentti, Salo, Väänänen, Vahtera, Nyberg, Kivimäki), Helsinki, Tampere and Turku, Finland; Institute of Behavioural Sciences (Jokela, Kivimäki), University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland; National Research Centre for the Working Environment (Madsen, Bjorner, Rugulies), Copenhagen, Denmark; Institute of Environmental Medicine (Alfredsson, Fransson), Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden; Centre for Occupational and Environmental Medicine (Alfredsson, Theorell, Westerlund), Stockholm County Council, Stockholm, Sweden; Centre for Cognitive Ageing and Cognitive Epidemiology (Batty), University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, Scotland; Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine (Borritz), Bispebjerg University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark; Federal Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (Bundesanstalt für Arbeitsschutz und Arbeitsmedizin) (Burr), Berlin, Germany; Institute for Medical Sociology, Medical Faculty (Dragano), University of Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany; National Institute for Health and Welfare (Elovainio), Helsinki, Finland; School of Health Sciences (Fransson), Jönköping University, Jönköping, Sweden; Stress Research Institute (Fransson), Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden; Department of Health Sciences (Knutsson), Mid Sweden University, Sundsvall, Sweden; Departments of Public Health (Koskenvuo) and Social Research (Kouvonen), University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland; Institute for Social and Economic Research (Kumari), University of Essex, Colchester, UK; Unit of Social Medicine (Nielsen), Frederiksberg University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark; Department of Psychology (Nordin), Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden; The Danish National Centre for Social Research (Pejtersen), Copenhagen, Denmark; Departments of Psychology (Salo) and Public Health (Suominen, Vahtera), University of Turku, Turku, Finland; Folkhälsan Research Center (Suominen), Helsinki, Finland; University of Skövde (Suominen), Skövde, Sweden; 1st Department of Medicine (Tabák), Semmelweis University Faculty of Medicine, Budapest, Hungary; Turku University Hospital (Vahtera), Turku, Finland; Department of Medical Sciences (Westerholm), Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden; Departments of Public Health and Psychology (Rugulies), University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.
authors.forename: Eleonor I
authors.initials: EI
authors.lastname: Fransson
authors.affiliation: Department of Epidemiology and Public Health (Ferrie, Batty, Shipley, Tabák, Kivimäki), University College London, London, UK; School of Community and Social Medicine (Ferrie), University of Bristol, Bristol, UK; Finnish Institute of Occupational Health (Virtanen, Heikkilä, Koskinen, Oksanen, Pahkin, Pentti, Salo, Väänänen, Vahtera, Nyberg, Kivimäki), Helsinki, Tampere and Turku, Finland; Institute of Behavioural Sciences (Jokela, Kivimäki), University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland; National Research Centre for the Working Environment (Madsen, Bjorner, Rugulies), Copenhagen, Denmark; Institute of Environmental Medicine (Alfredsson, Fransson), Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden; Centre for Occupational and Environmental Medicine (Alfredsson, Theorell, Westerlund), Stockholm County Council, Stockholm, Sweden; Centre for Cognitive Ageing and Cognitive Epidemiology (Batty), University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, Scotland; Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine (Borritz), Bispebjerg University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark; Federal Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (Bundesanstalt für Arbeitsschutz und Arbeitsmedizin) (Burr), Berlin, Germany; Institute for Medical Sociology, Medical Faculty (Dragano), University of Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany; National Institute for Health and Welfare (Elovainio), Helsinki, Finland; School of Health Sciences (Fransson), Jönköping University, Jönköping, Sweden; Stress Research Institute (Fransson), Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden; Department of Health Sciences (Knutsson), Mid Sweden University, Sundsvall, Sweden; Departments of Public Health (Koskenvuo) and Social Research (Kouvonen), University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland; Institute for Social and Economic Research (Kumari), University of Essex, Colchester, UK; Unit of Social Medicine (Nielsen), Frederiksberg University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark; Department of Psychology (Nordin), Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden; The Danish National Centre for Social Research (Pejtersen), Copenhagen, Denmark; Departments of Psychology (Salo) and Public Health (Suominen, Vahtera), University of Turku, Turku, Finland; Folkhälsan Research Center (Suominen), Helsinki, Finland; University of Skövde (Suominen), Skövde, Sweden; 1st Department of Medicine (Tabák), Semmelweis University Faculty of Medicine, Budapest, Hungary; Turku University Hospital (Vahtera), Turku, Finland; Department of Medical Sciences (Westerholm), Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden; Departments of Public Health and Psychology (Rugulies), University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.
authors.forename: Anders
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Knutsson
authors.affiliation: Department of Epidemiology and Public Health (Ferrie, Batty, Shipley, Tabák, Kivimäki), University College London, London, UK; School of Community and Social Medicine (Ferrie), University of Bristol, Bristol, UK; Finnish Institute of Occupational Health (Virtanen, Heikkilä, Koskinen, Oksanen, Pahkin, Pentti, Salo, Väänänen, Vahtera, Nyberg, Kivimäki), Helsinki, Tampere and Turku, Finland; Institute of Behavioural Sciences (Jokela, Kivimäki), University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland; National Research Centre for the Working Environment (Madsen, Bjorner, Rugulies), Copenhagen, Denmark; Institute of Environmental Medicine (Alfredsson, Fransson), Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden; Centre for Occupational and Environmental Medicine (Alfredsson, Theorell, Westerlund), Stockholm County Council, Stockholm, Sweden; Centre for Cognitive Ageing and Cognitive Epidemiology (Batty), University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, Scotland; Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine (Borritz), Bispebjerg University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark; Federal Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (Bundesanstalt für Arbeitsschutz und Arbeitsmedizin) (Burr), Berlin, Germany; Institute for Medical Sociology, Medical Faculty (Dragano), University of Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany; National Institute for Health and Welfare (Elovainio), Helsinki, Finland; School of Health Sciences (Fransson), Jönköping University, Jönköping, Sweden; Stress Research Institute (Fransson), Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden; Department of Health Sciences (Knutsson), Mid Sweden University, Sundsvall, Sweden; Departments of Public Health (Koskenvuo) and Social Research (Kouvonen), University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland; Institute for Social and Economic Research (Kumari), University of Essex, Colchester, UK; Unit of Social Medicine (Nielsen), Frederiksberg University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark; Department of Psychology (Nordin), Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden; The Danish National Centre for Social Research (Pejtersen), Copenhagen, Denmark; Departments of Psychology (Salo) and Public Health (Suominen, Vahtera), University of Turku, Turku, Finland; Folkhälsan Research Center (Suominen), Helsinki, Finland; University of Skövde (Suominen), Skövde, Sweden; 1st Department of Medicine (Tabák), Semmelweis University Faculty of Medicine, Budapest, Hungary; Turku University Hospital (Vahtera), Turku, Finland; Department of Medical Sciences (Westerholm), Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden; Departments of Public Health and Psychology (Rugulies), University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.
authors.forename: Markku
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Koskenvuo
authors.affiliation: Department of Epidemiology and Public Health (Ferrie, Batty, Shipley, Tabák, Kivimäki), University College London, London, UK; School of Community and Social Medicine (Ferrie), University of Bristol, Bristol, UK; Finnish Institute of Occupational Health (Virtanen, Heikkilä, Koskinen, Oksanen, Pahkin, Pentti, Salo, Väänänen, Vahtera, Nyberg, Kivimäki), Helsinki, Tampere and Turku, Finland; Institute of Behavioural Sciences (Jokela, Kivimäki), University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland; National Research Centre for the Working Environment (Madsen, Bjorner, Rugulies), Copenhagen, Denmark; Institute of Environmental Medicine (Alfredsson, Fransson), Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden; Centre for Occupational and Environmental Medicine (Alfredsson, Theorell, Westerlund), Stockholm County Council, Stockholm, Sweden; Centre for Cognitive Ageing and Cognitive Epidemiology (Batty), University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, Scotland; Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine (Borritz), Bispebjerg University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark; Federal Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (Bundesanstalt für Arbeitsschutz und Arbeitsmedizin) (Burr), Berlin, Germany; Institute for Medical Sociology, Medical Faculty (Dragano), University of Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany; National Institute for Health and Welfare (Elovainio), Helsinki, Finland; School of Health Sciences (Fransson), Jönköping University, Jönköping, Sweden; Stress Research Institute (Fransson), Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden; Department of Health Sciences (Knutsson), Mid Sweden University, Sundsvall, Sweden; Departments of Public Health (Koskenvuo) and Social Research (Kouvonen), University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland; Institute for Social and Economic Research (Kumari), University of Essex, Colchester, UK; Unit of Social Medicine (Nielsen), Frederiksberg University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark; Department of Psychology (Nordin), Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden; The Danish National Centre for Social Research (Pejtersen), Copenhagen, Denmark; Departments of Psychology (Salo) and Public Health (Suominen, Vahtera), University of Turku, Turku, Finland; Folkhälsan Research Center (Suominen), Helsinki, Finland; University of Skövde (Suominen), Skövde, Sweden; 1st Department of Medicine (Tabák), Semmelweis University Faculty of Medicine, Budapest, Hungary; Turku University Hospital (Vahtera), Turku, Finland; Department of Medical Sciences (Westerholm), Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden; Departments of Public Health and Psychology (Rugulies), University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.
authors.forename: Aki
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Koskinen
authors.affiliation: Department of Epidemiology and Public Health (Ferrie, Batty, Shipley, Tabák, Kivimäki), University College London, London, UK; School of Community and Social Medicine (Ferrie), University of Bristol, Bristol, UK; Finnish Institute of Occupational Health (Virtanen, Heikkilä, Koskinen, Oksanen, Pahkin, Pentti, Salo, Väänänen, Vahtera, Nyberg, Kivimäki), Helsinki, Tampere and Turku, Finland; Institute of Behavioural Sciences (Jokela, Kivimäki), University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland; National Research Centre for the Working Environment (Madsen, Bjorner, Rugulies), Copenhagen, Denmark; Institute of Environmental Medicine (Alfredsson, Fransson), Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden; Centre for Occupational and Environmental Medicine (Alfredsson, Theorell, Westerlund), Stockholm County Council, Stockholm, Sweden; Centre for Cognitive Ageing and Cognitive Epidemiology (Batty), University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, Scotland; Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine (Borritz), Bispebjerg University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark; Federal Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (Bundesanstalt für Arbeitsschutz und Arbeitsmedizin) (Burr), Berlin, Germany; Institute for Medical Sociology, Medical Faculty (Dragano), University of Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany; National Institute for Health and Welfare (Elovainio), Helsinki, Finland; School of Health Sciences (Fransson), Jönköping University, Jönköping, Sweden; Stress Research Institute (Fransson), Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden; Department of Health Sciences (Knutsson), Mid Sweden University, Sundsvall, Sweden; Departments of Public Health (Koskenvuo) and Social Research (Kouvonen), University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland; Institute for Social and Economic Research (Kumari), University of Essex, Colchester, UK; Unit of Social Medicine (Nielsen), Frederiksberg University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark; Department of Psychology (Nordin), Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden; The Danish National Centre for Social Research (Pejtersen), Copenhagen, Denmark; Departments of Psychology (Salo) and Public Health (Suominen, Vahtera), University of Turku, Turku, Finland; Folkhälsan Research Center (Suominen), Helsinki, Finland; University of Skövde (Suominen), Skövde, Sweden; 1st Department of Medicine (Tabák), Semmelweis University Faculty of Medicine, Budapest, Hungary; Turku University Hospital (Vahtera), Turku, Finland; Department of Medical Sciences (Westerholm), Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden; Departments of Public Health and Psychology (Rugulies), University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.
authors.forename: Anne
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Kouvonen
authors.affiliation: Department of Epidemiology and Public Health (Ferrie, Batty, Shipley, Tabák, Kivimäki), University College London, London, UK; School of Community and Social Medicine (Ferrie), University of Bristol, Bristol, UK; Finnish Institute of Occupational Health (Virtanen, Heikkilä, Koskinen, Oksanen, Pahkin, Pentti, Salo, Väänänen, Vahtera, Nyberg, Kivimäki), Helsinki, Tampere and Turku, Finland; Institute of Behavioural Sciences (Jokela, Kivimäki), University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland; National Research Centre for the Working Environment (Madsen, Bjorner, Rugulies), Copenhagen, Denmark; Institute of Environmental Medicine (Alfredsson, Fransson), Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden; Centre for Occupational and Environmental Medicine (Alfredsson, Theorell, Westerlund), Stockholm County Council, Stockholm, Sweden; Centre for Cognitive Ageing and Cognitive Epidemiology (Batty), University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, Scotland; Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine (Borritz), Bispebjerg University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark; Federal Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (Bundesanstalt für Arbeitsschutz und Arbeitsmedizin) (Burr), Berlin, Germany; Institute for Medical Sociology, Medical Faculty (Dragano), University of Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany; National Institute for Health and Welfare (Elovainio), Helsinki, Finland; School of Health Sciences (Fransson), Jönköping University, Jönköping, Sweden; Stress Research Institute (Fransson), Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden; Department of Health Sciences (Knutsson), Mid Sweden University, Sundsvall, Sweden; Departments of Public Health (Koskenvuo) and Social Research (Kouvonen), University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland; Institute for Social and Economic Research (Kumari), University of Essex, Colchester, UK; Unit of Social Medicine (Nielsen), Frederiksberg University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark; Department of Psychology (Nordin), Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden; The Danish National Centre for Social Research (Pejtersen), Copenhagen, Denmark; Departments of Psychology (Salo) and Public Health (Suominen, Vahtera), University of Turku, Turku, Finland; Folkhälsan Research Center (Suominen), Helsinki, Finland; University of Skövde (Suominen), Skövde, Sweden; 1st Department of Medicine (Tabák), Semmelweis University Faculty of Medicine, Budapest, Hungary; Turku University Hospital (Vahtera), Turku, Finland; Department of Medical Sciences (Westerholm), Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden; Departments of Public Health and Psychology (Rugulies), University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.
authors.forename: Meena
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kumari
authors.affiliation: Department of Epidemiology and Public Health (Ferrie, Batty, Shipley, Tabák, Kivimäki), University College London, London, UK; School of Community and Social Medicine (Ferrie), University of Bristol, Bristol, UK; Finnish Institute of Occupational Health (Virtanen, Heikkilä, Koskinen, Oksanen, Pahkin, Pentti, Salo, Väänänen, Vahtera, Nyberg, Kivimäki), Helsinki, Tampere and Turku, Finland; Institute of Behavioural Sciences (Jokela, Kivimäki), University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland; National Research Centre for the Working Environment (Madsen, Bjorner, Rugulies), Copenhagen, Denmark; Institute of Environmental Medicine (Alfredsson, Fransson), Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden; Centre for Occupational and Environmental Medicine (Alfredsson, Theorell, Westerlund), Stockholm County Council, Stockholm, Sweden; Centre for Cognitive Ageing and Cognitive Epidemiology (Batty), University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, Scotland; Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine (Borritz), Bispebjerg University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark; Federal Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (Bundesanstalt für Arbeitsschutz und Arbeitsmedizin) (Burr), Berlin, Germany; Institute for Medical Sociology, Medical Faculty (Dragano), University of Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany; National Institute for Health and Welfare (Elovainio), Helsinki, Finland; School of Health Sciences (Fransson), Jönköping University, Jönköping, Sweden; Stress Research Institute (Fransson), Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden; Department of Health Sciences (Knutsson), Mid Sweden University, Sundsvall, Sweden; Departments of Public Health (Koskenvuo) and Social Research (Kouvonen), University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland; Institute for Social and Economic Research (Kumari), University of Essex, Colchester, UK; Unit of Social Medicine (Nielsen), Frederiksberg University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark; Department of Psychology (Nordin), Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden; The Danish National Centre for Social Research (Pejtersen), Copenhagen, Denmark; Departments of Psychology (Salo) and Public Health (Suominen, Vahtera), University of Turku, Turku, Finland; Folkhälsan Research Center (Suominen), Helsinki, Finland; University of Skövde (Suominen), Skövde, Sweden; 1st Department of Medicine (Tabák), Semmelweis University Faculty of Medicine, Budapest, Hungary; Turku University Hospital (Vahtera), Turku, Finland; Department of Medical Sciences (Westerholm), Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden; Departments of Public Health and Psychology (Rugulies), University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.
authors.forename: Martin L
authors.initials: ML
authors.lastname: Nielsen
authors.affiliation: Department of Epidemiology and Public Health (Ferrie, Batty, Shipley, Tabák, Kivimäki), University College London, London, UK; School of Community and Social Medicine (Ferrie), University of Bristol, Bristol, UK; Finnish Institute of Occupational Health (Virtanen, Heikkilä, Koskinen, Oksanen, Pahkin, Pentti, Salo, Väänänen, Vahtera, Nyberg, Kivimäki), Helsinki, Tampere and Turku, Finland; Institute of Behavioural Sciences (Jokela, Kivimäki), University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland; National Research Centre for the Working Environment (Madsen, Bjorner, Rugulies), Copenhagen, Denmark; Institute of Environmental Medicine (Alfredsson, Fransson), Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden; Centre for Occupational and Environmental Medicine (Alfredsson, Theorell, Westerlund), Stockholm County Council, Stockholm, Sweden; Centre for Cognitive Ageing and Cognitive Epidemiology (Batty), University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, Scotland; Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine (Borritz), Bispebjerg University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark; Federal Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (Bundesanstalt für Arbeitsschutz und Arbeitsmedizin) (Burr), Berlin, Germany; Institute for Medical Sociology, Medical Faculty (Dragano), University of Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany; National Institute for Health and Welfare (Elovainio), Helsinki, Finland; School of Health Sciences (Fransson), Jönköping University, Jönköping, Sweden; Stress Research Institute (Fransson), Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden; Department of Health Sciences (Knutsson), Mid Sweden University, Sundsvall, Sweden; Departments of Public Health (Koskenvuo) and Social Research (Kouvonen), University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland; Institute for Social and Economic Research (Kumari), University of Essex, Colchester, UK; Unit of Social Medicine (Nielsen), Frederiksberg University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark; Department of Psychology (Nordin), Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden; The Danish National Centre for Social Research (Pejtersen), Copenhagen, Denmark; Departments of Psychology (Salo) and Public Health (Suominen, Vahtera), University of Turku, Turku, Finland; Folkhälsan Research Center (Suominen), Helsinki, Finland; University of Skövde (Suominen), Skövde, Sweden; 1st Department of Medicine (Tabák), Semmelweis University Faculty of Medicine, Budapest, Hungary; Turku University Hospital (Vahtera), Turku, Finland; Department of Medical Sciences (Westerholm), Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden; Departments of Public Health and Psychology (Rugulies), University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.
authors.forename: Maria
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Nordin
authors.affiliation: Department of Epidemiology and Public Health (Ferrie, Batty, Shipley, Tabák, Kivimäki), University College London, London, UK; School of Community and Social Medicine (Ferrie), University of Bristol, Bristol, UK; Finnish Institute of Occupational Health (Virtanen, Heikkilä, Koskinen, Oksanen, Pahkin, Pentti, Salo, Väänänen, Vahtera, Nyberg, Kivimäki), Helsinki, Tampere and Turku, Finland; Institute of Behavioural Sciences (Jokela, Kivimäki), University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland; National Research Centre for the Working Environment (Madsen, Bjorner, Rugulies), Copenhagen, Denmark; Institute of Environmental Medicine (Alfredsson, Fransson), Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden; Centre for Occupational and Environmental Medicine (Alfredsson, Theorell, Westerlund), Stockholm County Council, Stockholm, Sweden; Centre for Cognitive Ageing and Cognitive Epidemiology (Batty), University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, Scotland; Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine (Borritz), Bispebjerg University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark; Federal Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (Bundesanstalt für Arbeitsschutz und Arbeitsmedizin) (Burr), Berlin, Germany; Institute for Medical Sociology, Medical Faculty (Dragano), University of Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany; National Institute for Health and Welfare (Elovainio), Helsinki, Finland; School of Health Sciences (Fransson), Jönköping University, Jönköping, Sweden; Stress Research Institute (Fransson), Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden; Department of Health Sciences (Knutsson), Mid Sweden University, Sundsvall, Sweden; Departments of Public Health (Koskenvuo) and Social Research (Kouvonen), University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland; Institute for Social and Economic Research (Kumari), University of Essex, Colchester, UK; Unit of Social Medicine (Nielsen), Frederiksberg University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark; Department of Psychology (Nordin), Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden; The Danish National Centre for Social Research (Pejtersen), Copenhagen, Denmark; Departments of Psychology (Salo) and Public Health (Suominen, Vahtera), University of Turku, Turku, Finland; Folkhälsan Research Center (Suominen), Helsinki, Finland; University of Skövde (Suominen), Skövde, Sweden; 1st Department of Medicine (Tabák), Semmelweis University Faculty of Medicine, Budapest, Hungary; Turku University Hospital (Vahtera), Turku, Finland; Department of Medical Sciences (Westerholm), Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden; Departments of Public Health and Psychology (Rugulies), University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.
authors.forename: Tuula
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Oksanen
authors.affiliation: Department of Epidemiology and Public Health (Ferrie, Batty, Shipley, Tabák, Kivimäki), University College London, London, UK; School of Community and Social Medicine (Ferrie), University of Bristol, Bristol, UK; Finnish Institute of Occupational Health (Virtanen, Heikkilä, Koskinen, Oksanen, Pahkin, Pentti, Salo, Väänänen, Vahtera, Nyberg, Kivimäki), Helsinki, Tampere and Turku, Finland; Institute of Behavioural Sciences (Jokela, Kivimäki), University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland; National Research Centre for the Working Environment (Madsen, Bjorner, Rugulies), Copenhagen, Denmark; Institute of Environmental Medicine (Alfredsson, Fransson), Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden; Centre for Occupational and Environmental Medicine (Alfredsson, Theorell, Westerlund), Stockholm County Council, Stockholm, Sweden; Centre for Cognitive Ageing and Cognitive Epidemiology (Batty), University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, Scotland; Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine (Borritz), Bispebjerg University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark; Federal Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (Bundesanstalt für Arbeitsschutz und Arbeitsmedizin) (Burr), Berlin, Germany; Institute for Medical Sociology, Medical Faculty (Dragano), University of Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany; National Institute for Health and Welfare (Elovainio), Helsinki, Finland; School of Health Sciences (Fransson), Jönköping University, Jönköping, Sweden; Stress Research Institute (Fransson), Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden; Department of Health Sciences (Knutsson), Mid Sweden University, Sundsvall, Sweden; Departments of Public Health (Koskenvuo) and Social Research (Kouvonen), University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland; Institute for Social and Economic Research (Kumari), University of Essex, Colchester, UK; Unit of Social Medicine (Nielsen), Frederiksberg University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark; Department of Psychology (Nordin), Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden; The Danish National Centre for Social Research (Pejtersen), Copenhagen, Denmark; Departments of Psychology (Salo) and Public Health (Suominen, Vahtera), University of Turku, Turku, Finland; Folkhälsan Research Center (Suominen), Helsinki, Finland; University of Skövde (Suominen), Skövde, Sweden; 1st Department of Medicine (Tabák), Semmelweis University Faculty of Medicine, Budapest, Hungary; Turku University Hospital (Vahtera), Turku, Finland; Department of Medical Sciences (Westerholm), Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden; Departments of Public Health and Psychology (Rugulies), University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.
authors.forename: Krista
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Pahkin
authors.affiliation: Department of Epidemiology and Public Health (Ferrie, Batty, Shipley, Tabák, Kivimäki), University College London, London, UK; School of Community and Social Medicine (Ferrie), University of Bristol, Bristol, UK; Finnish Institute of Occupational Health (Virtanen, Heikkilä, Koskinen, Oksanen, Pahkin, Pentti, Salo, Väänänen, Vahtera, Nyberg, Kivimäki), Helsinki, Tampere and Turku, Finland; Institute of Behavioural Sciences (Jokela, Kivimäki), University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland; National Research Centre for the Working Environment (Madsen, Bjorner, Rugulies), Copenhagen, Denmark; Institute of Environmental Medicine (Alfredsson, Fransson), Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden; Centre for Occupational and Environmental Medicine (Alfredsson, Theorell, Westerlund), Stockholm County Council, Stockholm, Sweden; Centre for Cognitive Ageing and Cognitive Epidemiology (Batty), University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, Scotland; Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine (Borritz), Bispebjerg University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark; Federal Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (Bundesanstalt für Arbeitsschutz und Arbeitsmedizin) (Burr), Berlin, Germany; Institute for Medical Sociology, Medical Faculty (Dragano), University of Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany; National Institute for Health and Welfare (Elovainio), Helsinki, Finland; School of Health Sciences (Fransson), Jönköping University, Jönköping, Sweden; Stress Research Institute (Fransson), Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden; Department of Health Sciences (Knutsson), Mid Sweden University, Sundsvall, Sweden; Departments of Public Health (Koskenvuo) and Social Research (Kouvonen), University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland; Institute for Social and Economic Research (Kumari), University of Essex, Colchester, UK; Unit of Social Medicine (Nielsen), Frederiksberg University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark; Department of Psychology (Nordin), Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden; The Danish National Centre for Social Research (Pejtersen), Copenhagen, Denmark; Departments of Psychology (Salo) and Public Health (Suominen, Vahtera), University of Turku, Turku, Finland; Folkhälsan Research Center (Suominen), Helsinki, Finland; University of Skövde (Suominen), Skövde, Sweden; 1st Department of Medicine (Tabák), Semmelweis University Faculty of Medicine, Budapest, Hungary; Turku University Hospital (Vahtera), Turku, Finland; Department of Medical Sciences (Westerholm), Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden; Departments of Public Health and Psychology (Rugulies), University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.
authors.forename: Jan H
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Pejtersen
authors.affiliation: Department of Epidemiology and Public Health (Ferrie, Batty, Shipley, Tabák, Kivimäki), University College London, London, UK; School of Community and Social Medicine (Ferrie), University of Bristol, Bristol, UK; Finnish Institute of Occupational Health (Virtanen, Heikkilä, Koskinen, Oksanen, Pahkin, Pentti, Salo, Väänänen, Vahtera, Nyberg, Kivimäki), Helsinki, Tampere and Turku, Finland; Institute of Behavioural Sciences (Jokela, Kivimäki), University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland; National Research Centre for the Working Environment (Madsen, Bjorner, Rugulies), Copenhagen, Denmark; Institute of Environmental Medicine (Alfredsson, Fransson), Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden; Centre for Occupational and Environmental Medicine (Alfredsson, Theorell, Westerlund), Stockholm County Council, Stockholm, Sweden; Centre for Cognitive Ageing and Cognitive Epidemiology (Batty), University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, Scotland; Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine (Borritz), Bispebjerg University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark; Federal Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (Bundesanstalt für Arbeitsschutz und Arbeitsmedizin) (Burr), Berlin, Germany; Institute for Medical Sociology, Medical Faculty (Dragano), University of Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany; National Institute for Health and Welfare (Elovainio), Helsinki, Finland; School of Health Sciences (Fransson), Jönköping University, Jönköping, Sweden; Stress Research Institute (Fransson), Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden; Department of Health Sciences (Knutsson), Mid Sweden University, Sundsvall, Sweden; Departments of Public Health (Koskenvuo) and Social Research (Kouvonen), University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland; Institute for Social and Economic Research (Kumari), University of Essex, Colchester, UK; Unit of Social Medicine (Nielsen), Frederiksberg University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark; Department of Psychology (Nordin), Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden; The Danish National Centre for Social Research (Pejtersen), Copenhagen, Denmark; Departments of Psychology (Salo) and Public Health (Suominen, Vahtera), University of Turku, Turku, Finland; Folkhälsan Research Center (Suominen), Helsinki, Finland; University of Skövde (Suominen), Skövde, Sweden; 1st Department of Medicine (Tabák), Semmelweis University Faculty of Medicine, Budapest, Hungary; Turku University Hospital (Vahtera), Turku, Finland; Department of Medical Sciences (Westerholm), Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden; Departments of Public Health and Psychology (Rugulies), University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.
authors.forename: Jaana
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Pentti
authors.affiliation: Department of Epidemiology and Public Health (Ferrie, Batty, Shipley, Tabák, Kivimäki), University College London, London, UK; School of Community and Social Medicine (Ferrie), University of Bristol, Bristol, UK; Finnish Institute of Occupational Health (Virtanen, Heikkilä, Koskinen, Oksanen, Pahkin, Pentti, Salo, Väänänen, Vahtera, Nyberg, Kivimäki), Helsinki, Tampere and Turku, Finland; Institute of Behavioural Sciences (Jokela, Kivimäki), University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland; National Research Centre for the Working Environment (Madsen, Bjorner, Rugulies), Copenhagen, Denmark; Institute of Environmental Medicine (Alfredsson, Fransson), Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden; Centre for Occupational and Environmental Medicine (Alfredsson, Theorell, Westerlund), Stockholm County Council, Stockholm, Sweden; Centre for Cognitive Ageing and Cognitive Epidemiology (Batty), University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, Scotland; Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine (Borritz), Bispebjerg University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark; Federal Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (Bundesanstalt für Arbeitsschutz und Arbeitsmedizin) (Burr), Berlin, Germany; Institute for Medical Sociology, Medical Faculty (Dragano), University of Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany; National Institute for Health and Welfare (Elovainio), Helsinki, Finland; School of Health Sciences (Fransson), Jönköping University, Jönköping, Sweden; Stress Research Institute (Fransson), Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden; Department of Health Sciences (Knutsson), Mid Sweden University, Sundsvall, Sweden; Departments of Public Health (Koskenvuo) and Social Research (Kouvonen), University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland; Institute for Social and Economic Research (Kumari), University of Essex, Colchester, UK; Unit of Social Medicine (Nielsen), Frederiksberg University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark; Department of Psychology (Nordin), Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden; The Danish National Centre for Social Research (Pejtersen), Copenhagen, Denmark; Departments of Psychology (Salo) and Public Health (Suominen, Vahtera), University of Turku, Turku, Finland; Folkhälsan Research Center (Suominen), Helsinki, Finland; University of Skövde (Suominen), Skövde, Sweden; 1st Department of Medicine (Tabák), Semmelweis University Faculty of Medicine, Budapest, Hungary; Turku University Hospital (Vahtera), Turku, Finland; Department of Medical Sciences (Westerholm), Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden; Departments of Public Health and Psychology (Rugulies), University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.
authors.forename: Paula
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Salo
authors.affiliation: Department of Epidemiology and Public Health (Ferrie, Batty, Shipley, Tabák, Kivimäki), University College London, London, UK; School of Community and Social Medicine (Ferrie), University of Bristol, Bristol, UK; Finnish Institute of Occupational Health (Virtanen, Heikkilä, Koskinen, Oksanen, Pahkin, Pentti, Salo, Väänänen, Vahtera, Nyberg, Kivimäki), Helsinki, Tampere and Turku, Finland; Institute of Behavioural Sciences (Jokela, Kivimäki), University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland; National Research Centre for the Working Environment (Madsen, Bjorner, Rugulies), Copenhagen, Denmark; Institute of Environmental Medicine (Alfredsson, Fransson), Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden; Centre for Occupational and Environmental Medicine (Alfredsson, Theorell, Westerlund), Stockholm County Council, Stockholm, Sweden; Centre for Cognitive Ageing and Cognitive Epidemiology (Batty), University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, Scotland; Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine (Borritz), Bispebjerg University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark; Federal Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (Bundesanstalt für Arbeitsschutz und Arbeitsmedizin) (Burr), Berlin, Germany; Institute for Medical Sociology, Medical Faculty (Dragano), University of Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany; National Institute for Health and Welfare (Elovainio), Helsinki, Finland; School of Health Sciences (Fransson), Jönköping University, Jönköping, Sweden; Stress Research Institute (Fransson), Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden; Department of Health Sciences (Knutsson), Mid Sweden University, Sundsvall, Sweden; Departments of Public Health (Koskenvuo) and Social Research (Kouvonen), University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland; Institute for Social and Economic Research (Kumari), University of Essex, Colchester, UK; Unit of Social Medicine (Nielsen), Frederiksberg University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark; Department of Psychology (Nordin), Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden; The Danish National Centre for Social Research (Pejtersen), Copenhagen, Denmark; Departments of Psychology (Salo) and Public Health (Suominen, Vahtera), University of Turku, Turku, Finland; Folkhälsan Research Center (Suominen), Helsinki, Finland; University of Skövde (Suominen), Skövde, Sweden; 1st Department of Medicine (Tabák), Semmelweis University Faculty of Medicine, Budapest, Hungary; Turku University Hospital (Vahtera), Turku, Finland; Department of Medical Sciences (Westerholm), Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden; Departments of Public Health and Psychology (Rugulies), University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.
authors.forename: Martin J
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Shipley
authors.affiliation: Department of Epidemiology and Public Health (Ferrie, Batty, Shipley, Tabák, Kivimäki), University College London, London, UK; School of Community and Social Medicine (Ferrie), University of Bristol, Bristol, UK; Finnish Institute of Occupational Health (Virtanen, Heikkilä, Koskinen, Oksanen, Pahkin, Pentti, Salo, Väänänen, Vahtera, Nyberg, Kivimäki), Helsinki, Tampere and Turku, Finland; Institute of Behavioural Sciences (Jokela, Kivimäki), University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland; National Research Centre for the Working Environment (Madsen, Bjorner, Rugulies), Copenhagen, Denmark; Institute of Environmental Medicine (Alfredsson, Fransson), Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden; Centre for Occupational and Environmental Medicine (Alfredsson, Theorell, Westerlund), Stockholm County Council, Stockholm, Sweden; Centre for Cognitive Ageing and Cognitive Epidemiology (Batty), University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, Scotland; Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine (Borritz), Bispebjerg University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark; Federal Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (Bundesanstalt für Arbeitsschutz und Arbeitsmedizin) (Burr), Berlin, Germany; Institute for Medical Sociology, Medical Faculty (Dragano), University of Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany; National Institute for Health and Welfare (Elovainio), Helsinki, Finland; School of Health Sciences (Fransson), Jönköping University, Jönköping, Sweden; Stress Research Institute (Fransson), Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden; Department of Health Sciences (Knutsson), Mid Sweden University, Sundsvall, Sweden; Departments of Public Health (Koskenvuo) and Social Research (Kouvonen), University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland; Institute for Social and Economic Research (Kumari), University of Essex, Colchester, UK; Unit of Social Medicine (Nielsen), Frederiksberg University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark; Department of Psychology (Nordin), Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden; The Danish National Centre for Social Research (Pejtersen), Copenhagen, Denmark; Departments of Psychology (Salo) and Public Health (Suominen, Vahtera), University of Turku, Turku, Finland; Folkhälsan Research Center (Suominen), Helsinki, Finland; University of Skövde (Suominen), Skövde, Sweden; 1st Department of Medicine (Tabák), Semmelweis University Faculty of Medicine, Budapest, Hungary; Turku University Hospital (Vahtera), Turku, Finland; Department of Medical Sciences (Westerholm), Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden; Departments of Public Health and Psychology (Rugulies), University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.
authors.forename: Sakari B
authors.initials: SB
authors.lastname: Suominen
authors.affiliation: Department of Epidemiology and Public Health (Ferrie, Batty, Shipley, Tabák, Kivimäki), University College London, London, UK; School of Community and Social Medicine (Ferrie), University of Bristol, Bristol, UK; Finnish Institute of Occupational Health (Virtanen, Heikkilä, Koskinen, Oksanen, Pahkin, Pentti, Salo, Väänänen, Vahtera, Nyberg, Kivimäki), Helsinki, Tampere and Turku, Finland; Institute of Behavioural Sciences (Jokela, Kivimäki), University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland; National Research Centre for the Working Environment (Madsen, Bjorner, Rugulies), Copenhagen, Denmark; Institute of Environmental Medicine (Alfredsson, Fransson), Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden; Centre for Occupational and Environmental Medicine (Alfredsson, Theorell, Westerlund), Stockholm County Council, Stockholm, Sweden; Centre for Cognitive Ageing and Cognitive Epidemiology (Batty), University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, Scotland; Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine (Borritz), Bispebjerg University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark; Federal Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (Bundesanstalt für Arbeitsschutz und Arbeitsmedizin) (Burr), Berlin, Germany; Institute for Medical Sociology, Medical Faculty (Dragano), University of Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany; National Institute for Health and Welfare (Elovainio), Helsinki, Finland; School of Health Sciences (Fransson), Jönköping University, Jönköping, Sweden; Stress Research Institute (Fransson), Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden; Department of Health Sciences (Knutsson), Mid Sweden University, Sundsvall, Sweden; Departments of Public Health (Koskenvuo) and Social Research (Kouvonen), University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland; Institute for Social and Economic Research (Kumari), University of Essex, Colchester, UK; Unit of Social Medicine (Nielsen), Frederiksberg University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark; Department of Psychology (Nordin), Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden; The Danish National Centre for Social Research (Pejtersen), Copenhagen, Denmark; Departments of Psychology (Salo) and Public Health (Suominen, Vahtera), University of Turku, Turku, Finland; Folkhälsan Research Center (Suominen), Helsinki, Finland; University of Skövde (Suominen), Skövde, Sweden; 1st Department of Medicine (Tabák), Semmelweis University Faculty of Medicine, Budapest, Hungary; Turku University Hospital (Vahtera), Turku, Finland; Department of Medical Sciences (Westerholm), Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden; Departments of Public Health and Psychology (Rugulies), University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.
authors.forename: Adam
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Tabák
authors.affiliation: Department of Epidemiology and Public Health (Ferrie, Batty, Shipley, Tabák, Kivimäki), University College London, London, UK; School of Community and Social Medicine (Ferrie), University of Bristol, Bristol, UK; Finnish Institute of Occupational Health (Virtanen, Heikkilä, Koskinen, Oksanen, Pahkin, Pentti, Salo, Väänänen, Vahtera, Nyberg, Kivimäki), Helsinki, Tampere and Turku, Finland; Institute of Behavioural Sciences (Jokela, Kivimäki), University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland; National Research Centre for the Working Environment (Madsen, Bjorner, Rugulies), Copenhagen, Denmark; Institute of Environmental Medicine (Alfredsson, Fransson), Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden; Centre for Occupational and Environmental Medicine (Alfredsson, Theorell, Westerlund), Stockholm County Council, Stockholm, Sweden; Centre for Cognitive Ageing and Cognitive Epidemiology (Batty), University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, Scotland; Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine (Borritz), Bispebjerg University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark; Federal Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (Bundesanstalt für Arbeitsschutz und Arbeitsmedizin) (Burr), Berlin, Germany; Institute for Medical Sociology, Medical Faculty (Dragano), University of Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany; National Institute for Health and Welfare (Elovainio), Helsinki, Finland; School of Health Sciences (Fransson), Jönköping University, Jönköping, Sweden; Stress Research Institute (Fransson), Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden; Department of Health Sciences (Knutsson), Mid Sweden University, Sundsvall, Sweden; Departments of Public Health (Koskenvuo) and Social Research (Kouvonen), University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland; Institute for Social and Economic Research (Kumari), University of Essex, Colchester, UK; Unit of Social Medicine (Nielsen), Frederiksberg University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark; Department of Psychology (Nordin), Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden; The Danish National Centre for Social Research (Pejtersen), Copenhagen, Denmark; Departments of Psychology (Salo) and Public Health (Suominen, Vahtera), University of Turku, Turku, Finland; Folkhälsan Research Center (Suominen), Helsinki, Finland; University of Skövde (Suominen), Skövde, Sweden; 1st Department of Medicine (Tabák), Semmelweis University Faculty of Medicine, Budapest, Hungary; Turku University Hospital (Vahtera), Turku, Finland; Department of Medical Sciences (Westerholm), Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden; Departments of Public Health and Psychology (Rugulies), University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.
authors.forename: Töres
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Theorell
authors.affiliation: Department of Epidemiology and Public Health (Ferrie, Batty, Shipley, Tabák, Kivimäki), University College London, London, UK; School of Community and Social Medicine (Ferrie), University of Bristol, Bristol, UK; Finnish Institute of Occupational Health (Virtanen, Heikkilä, Koskinen, Oksanen, Pahkin, Pentti, Salo, Väänänen, Vahtera, Nyberg, Kivimäki), Helsinki, Tampere and Turku, Finland; Institute of Behavioural Sciences (Jokela, Kivimäki), University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland; National Research Centre for the Working Environment (Madsen, Bjorner, Rugulies), Copenhagen, Denmark; Institute of Environmental Medicine (Alfredsson, Fransson), Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden; Centre for Occupational and Environmental Medicine (Alfredsson, Theorell, Westerlund), Stockholm County Council, Stockholm, Sweden; Centre for Cognitive Ageing and Cognitive Epidemiology (Batty), University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, Scotland; Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine (Borritz), Bispebjerg University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark; Federal Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (Bundesanstalt für Arbeitsschutz und Arbeitsmedizin) (Burr), Berlin, Germany; Institute for Medical Sociology, Medical Faculty (Dragano), University of Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany; National Institute for Health and Welfare (Elovainio), Helsinki, Finland; School of Health Sciences (Fransson), Jönköping University, Jönköping, Sweden; Stress Research Institute (Fransson), Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden; Department of Health Sciences (Knutsson), Mid Sweden University, Sundsvall, Sweden; Departments of Public Health (Koskenvuo) and Social Research (Kouvonen), University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland; Institute for Social and Economic Research (Kumari), University of Essex, Colchester, UK; Unit of Social Medicine (Nielsen), Frederiksberg University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark; Department of Psychology (Nordin), Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden; The Danish National Centre for Social Research (Pejtersen), Copenhagen, Denmark; Departments of Psychology (Salo) and Public Health (Suominen, Vahtera), University of Turku, Turku, Finland; Folkhälsan Research Center (Suominen), Helsinki, Finland; University of Skövde (Suominen), Skövde, Sweden; 1st Department of Medicine (Tabák), Semmelweis University Faculty of Medicine, Budapest, Hungary; Turku University Hospital (Vahtera), Turku, Finland; Department of Medical Sciences (Westerholm), Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden; Departments of Public Health and Psychology (Rugulies), University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.
authors.forename: Ari
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Väänänen
authors.affiliation: Department of Epidemiology and Public Health (Ferrie, Batty, Shipley, Tabák, Kivimäki), University College London, London, UK; School of Community and Social Medicine (Ferrie), University of Bristol, Bristol, UK; Finnish Institute of Occupational Health (Virtanen, Heikkilä, Koskinen, Oksanen, Pahkin, Pentti, Salo, Väänänen, Vahtera, Nyberg, Kivimäki), Helsinki, Tampere and Turku, Finland; Institute of Behavioural Sciences (Jokela, Kivimäki), University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland; National Research Centre for the Working Environment (Madsen, Bjorner, Rugulies), Copenhagen, Denmark; Institute of Environmental Medicine (Alfredsson, Fransson), Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden; Centre for Occupational and Environmental Medicine (Alfredsson, Theorell, Westerlund), Stockholm County Council, Stockholm, Sweden; Centre for Cognitive Ageing and Cognitive Epidemiology (Batty), University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, Scotland; Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine (Borritz), Bispebjerg University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark; Federal Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (Bundesanstalt für Arbeitsschutz und Arbeitsmedizin) (Burr), Berlin, Germany; Institute for Medical Sociology, Medical Faculty (Dragano), University of Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany; National Institute for Health and Welfare (Elovainio), Helsinki, Finland; School of Health Sciences (Fransson), Jönköping University, Jönköping, Sweden; Stress Research Institute (Fransson), Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden; Department of Health Sciences (Knutsson), Mid Sweden University, Sundsvall, Sweden; Departments of Public Health (Koskenvuo) and Social Research (Kouvonen), University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland; Institute for Social and Economic Research (Kumari), University of Essex, Colchester, UK; Unit of Social Medicine (Nielsen), Frederiksberg University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark; Department of Psychology (Nordin), Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden; The Danish National Centre for Social Research (Pejtersen), Copenhagen, Denmark; Departments of Psychology (Salo) and Public Health (Suominen, Vahtera), University of Turku, Turku, Finland; Folkhälsan Research Center (Suominen), Helsinki, Finland; University of Skövde (Suominen), Skövde, Sweden; 1st Department of Medicine (Tabák), Semmelweis University Faculty of Medicine, Budapest, Hungary; Turku University Hospital (Vahtera), Turku, Finland; Department of Medical Sciences (Westerholm), Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden; Departments of Public Health and Psychology (Rugulies), University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.
authors.forename: Jussi
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Vahtera
authors.affiliation: Department of Epidemiology and Public Health (Ferrie, Batty, Shipley, Tabák, Kivimäki), University College London, London, UK; School of Community and Social Medicine (Ferrie), University of Bristol, Bristol, UK; Finnish Institute of Occupational Health (Virtanen, Heikkilä, Koskinen, Oksanen, Pahkin, Pentti, Salo, Väänänen, Vahtera, Nyberg, Kivimäki), Helsinki, Tampere and Turku, Finland; Institute of Behavioural Sciences (Jokela, Kivimäki), University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland; National Research Centre for the Working Environment (Madsen, Bjorner, Rugulies), Copenhagen, Denmark; Institute of Environmental Medicine (Alfredsson, Fransson), Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden; Centre for Occupational and Environmental Medicine (Alfredsson, Theorell, Westerlund), Stockholm County Council, Stockholm, Sweden; Centre for Cognitive Ageing and Cognitive Epidemiology (Batty), University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, Scotland; Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine (Borritz), Bispebjerg University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark; Federal Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (Bundesanstalt für Arbeitsschutz und Arbeitsmedizin) (Burr), Berlin, Germany; Institute for Medical Sociology, Medical Faculty (Dragano), University of Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany; National Institute for Health and Welfare (Elovainio), Helsinki, Finland; School of Health Sciences (Fransson), Jönköping University, Jönköping, Sweden; Stress Research Institute (Fransson), Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden; Department of Health Sciences (Knutsson), Mid Sweden University, Sundsvall, Sweden; Departments of Public Health (Koskenvuo) and Social Research (Kouvonen), University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland; Institute for Social and Economic Research (Kumari), University of Essex, Colchester, UK; Unit of Social Medicine (Nielsen), Frederiksberg University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark; Department of Psychology (Nordin), Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden; The Danish National Centre for Social Research (Pejtersen), Copenhagen, Denmark; Departments of Psychology (Salo) and Public Health (Suominen, Vahtera), University of Turku, Turku, Finland; Folkhälsan Research Center (Suominen), Helsinki, Finland; University of Skövde (Suominen), Skövde, Sweden; 1st Department of Medicine (Tabák), Semmelweis University Faculty of Medicine, Budapest, Hungary; Turku University Hospital (Vahtera), Turku, Finland; Department of Medical Sciences (Westerholm), Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden; Departments of Public Health and Psychology (Rugulies), University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.
authors.forename: Peter J M
authors.initials: PJM
authors.lastname: Westerholm
authors.affiliation: Department of Epidemiology and Public Health (Ferrie, Batty, Shipley, Tabák, Kivimäki), University College London, London, UK; School of Community and Social Medicine (Ferrie), University of Bristol, Bristol, UK; Finnish Institute of Occupational Health (Virtanen, Heikkilä, Koskinen, Oksanen, Pahkin, Pentti, Salo, Väänänen, Vahtera, Nyberg, Kivimäki), Helsinki, Tampere and Turku, Finland; Institute of Behavioural Sciences (Jokela, Kivimäki), University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland; National Research Centre for the Working Environment (Madsen, Bjorner, Rugulies), Copenhagen, Denmark; Institute of Environmental Medicine (Alfredsson, Fransson), Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden; Centre for Occupational and Environmental Medicine (Alfredsson, Theorell, Westerlund), Stockholm County Council, Stockholm, Sweden; Centre for Cognitive Ageing and Cognitive Epidemiology (Batty), University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, Scotland; Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine (Borritz), Bispebjerg University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark; Federal Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (Bundesanstalt für Arbeitsschutz und Arbeitsmedizin) (Burr), Berlin, Germany; Institute for Medical Sociology, Medical Faculty (Dragano), University of Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany; National Institute for Health and Welfare (Elovainio), Helsinki, Finland; School of Health Sciences (Fransson), Jönköping University, Jönköping, Sweden; Stress Research Institute (Fransson), Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden; Department of Health Sciences (Knutsson), Mid Sweden University, Sundsvall, Sweden; Departments of Public Health (Koskenvuo) and Social Research (Kouvonen), University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland; Institute for Social and Economic Research (Kumari), University of Essex, Colchester, UK; Unit of Social Medicine (Nielsen), Frederiksberg University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark; Department of Psychology (Nordin), Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden; The Danish National Centre for Social Research (Pejtersen), Copenhagen, Denmark; Departments of Psychology (Salo) and Public Health (Suominen, Vahtera), University of Turku, Turku, Finland; Folkhälsan Research Center (Suominen), Helsinki, Finland; University of Skövde (Suominen), Skövde, Sweden; 1st Department of Medicine (Tabák), Semmelweis University Faculty of Medicine, Budapest, Hungary; Turku University Hospital (Vahtera), Turku, Finland; Department of Medical Sciences (Westerholm), Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden; Departments of Public Health and Psychology (Rugulies), University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.
authors.forename: Hugo
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Westerlund
authors.affiliation: Department of Epidemiology and Public Health (Ferrie, Batty, Shipley, Tabák, Kivimäki), University College London, London, UK; School of Community and Social Medicine (Ferrie), University of Bristol, Bristol, UK; Finnish Institute of Occupational Health (Virtanen, Heikkilä, Koskinen, Oksanen, Pahkin, Pentti, Salo, Väänänen, Vahtera, Nyberg, Kivimäki), Helsinki, Tampere and Turku, Finland; Institute of Behavioural Sciences (Jokela, Kivimäki), University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland; National Research Centre for the Working Environment (Madsen, Bjorner, Rugulies), Copenhagen, Denmark; Institute of Environmental Medicine (Alfredsson, Fransson), Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden; Centre for Occupational and Environmental Medicine (Alfredsson, Theorell, Westerlund), Stockholm County Council, Stockholm, Sweden; Centre for Cognitive Ageing and Cognitive Epidemiology (Batty), University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, Scotland; Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine (Borritz), Bispebjerg University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark; Federal Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (Bundesanstalt für Arbeitsschutz und Arbeitsmedizin) (Burr), Berlin, Germany; Institute for Medical Sociology, Medical Faculty (Dragano), University of Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany; National Institute for Health and Welfare (Elovainio), Helsinki, Finland; School of Health Sciences (Fransson), Jönköping University, Jönköping, Sweden; Stress Research Institute (Fransson), Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden; Department of Health Sciences (Knutsson), Mid Sweden University, Sundsvall, Sweden; Departments of Public Health (Koskenvuo) and Social Research (Kouvonen), University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland; Institute for Social and Economic Research (Kumari), University of Essex, Colchester, UK; Unit of Social Medicine (Nielsen), Frederiksberg University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark; Department of Psychology (Nordin), Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden; The Danish National Centre for Social Research (Pejtersen), Copenhagen, Denmark; Departments of Psychology (Salo) and Public Health (Suominen, Vahtera), University of Turku, Turku, Finland; Folkhälsan Research Center (Suominen), Helsinki, Finland; University of Skövde (Suominen), Skövde, Sweden; 1st Department of Medicine (Tabák), Semmelweis University Faculty of Medicine, Budapest, Hungary; Turku University Hospital (Vahtera), Turku, Finland; Department of Medical Sciences (Westerholm), Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden; Departments of Public Health and Psychology (Rugulies), University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.
authors.forename: Reiner
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Rugulies
authors.affiliation: Department of Epidemiology and Public Health (Ferrie, Batty, Shipley, Tabák, Kivimäki), University College London, London, UK; School of Community and Social Medicine (Ferrie), University of Bristol, Bristol, UK; Finnish Institute of Occupational Health (Virtanen, Heikkilä, Koskinen, Oksanen, Pahkin, Pentti, Salo, Väänänen, Vahtera, Nyberg, Kivimäki), Helsinki, Tampere and Turku, Finland; Institute of Behavioural Sciences (Jokela, Kivimäki), University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland; National Research Centre for the Working Environment (Madsen, Bjorner, Rugulies), Copenhagen, Denmark; Institute of Environmental Medicine (Alfredsson, Fransson), Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden; Centre for Occupational and Environmental Medicine (Alfredsson, Theorell, Westerlund), Stockholm County Council, Stockholm, Sweden; Centre for Cognitive Ageing and Cognitive Epidemiology (Batty), University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, Scotland; Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine (Borritz), Bispebjerg University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark; Federal Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (Bundesanstalt für Arbeitsschutz und Arbeitsmedizin) (Burr), Berlin, Germany; Institute for Medical Sociology, Medical Faculty (Dragano), University of Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany; National Institute for Health and Welfare (Elovainio), Helsinki, Finland; School of Health Sciences (Fransson), Jönköping University, Jönköping, Sweden; Stress Research Institute (Fransson), Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden; Department of Health Sciences (Knutsson), Mid Sweden University, Sundsvall, Sweden; Departments of Public Health (Koskenvuo) and Social Research (Kouvonen), University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland; Institute for Social and Economic Research (Kumari), University of Essex, Colchester, UK; Unit of Social Medicine (Nielsen), Frederiksberg University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark; Department of Psychology (Nordin), Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden; The Danish National Centre for Social Research (Pejtersen), Copenhagen, Denmark; Departments of Psychology (Salo) and Public Health (Suominen, Vahtera), University of Turku, Turku, Finland; Folkhälsan Research Center (Suominen), Helsinki, Finland; University of Skövde (Suominen), Skövde, Sweden; 1st Department of Medicine (Tabák), Semmelweis University Faculty of Medicine, Budapest, Hungary; Turku University Hospital (Vahtera), Turku, Finland; Department of Medical Sciences (Westerholm), Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden; Departments of Public Health and Psychology (Rugulies), University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.
authors.forename: Solja T
authors.initials: ST
authors.lastname: Nyberg
authors.affiliation: Department of Epidemiology and Public Health (Ferrie, Batty, Shipley, Tabák, Kivimäki), University College London, London, UK; School of Community and Social Medicine (Ferrie), University of Bristol, Bristol, UK; Finnish Institute of Occupational Health (Virtanen, Heikkilä, Koskinen, Oksanen, Pahkin, Pentti, Salo, Väänänen, Vahtera, Nyberg, Kivimäki), Helsinki, Tampere and Turku, Finland; Institute of Behavioural Sciences (Jokela, Kivimäki), University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland; National Research Centre for the Working Environment (Madsen, Bjorner, Rugulies), Copenhagen, Denmark; Institute of Environmental Medicine (Alfredsson, Fransson), Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden; Centre for Occupational and Environmental Medicine (Alfredsson, Theorell, Westerlund), Stockholm County Council, Stockholm, Sweden; Centre for Cognitive Ageing and Cognitive Epidemiology (Batty), University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, Scotland; Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine (Borritz), Bispebjerg University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark; Federal Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (Bundesanstalt für Arbeitsschutz und Arbeitsmedizin) (Burr), Berlin, Germany; Institute for Medical Sociology, Medical Faculty (Dragano), University of Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany; National Institute for Health and Welfare (Elovainio), Helsinki, Finland; School of Health Sciences (Fransson), Jönköping University, Jönköping, Sweden; Stress Research Institute (Fransson), Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden; Department of Health Sciences (Knutsson), Mid Sweden University, Sundsvall, Sweden; Departments of Public Health (Koskenvuo) and Social Research (Kouvonen), University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland; Institute for Social and Economic Research (Kumari), University of Essex, Colchester, UK; Unit of Social Medicine (Nielsen), Frederiksberg University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark; Department of Psychology (Nordin), Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden; The Danish National Centre for Social Research (Pejtersen), Copenhagen, Denmark; Departments of Psychology (Salo) and Public Health (Suominen, Vahtera), University of Turku, Turku, Finland; Folkhälsan Research Center (Suominen), Helsinki, Finland; University of Skövde (Suominen), Skövde, Sweden; 1st Department of Medicine (Tabák), Semmelweis University Faculty of Medicine, Budapest, Hungary; Turku University Hospital (Vahtera), Turku, Finland; Department of Medical Sciences (Westerholm), Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden; Departments of Public Health and Psychology (Rugulies), University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.
authors.forename: Mika
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kivimäki
mesh_terms: D000428:Alcohol Drinking / Q000453:epidemiology; D001315:Australia / Q000453:epidemiology; D015331:Cohort Studies; D016208:Databases, Factual; D003920:Diabetes Mellitus / Q000453:epidemiology*; D004651:Employment / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D005060:Europe / Q000453:epidemiology; D015444:Exercise; D006801:Humans; D015994:Incidence; D015999:Multivariate Analysis; D009765:Obesity / Q000453:epidemiology; D016017:Odds Ratio; D012307:Risk Factors; D012907:Smoking / Q000453:epidemiology; D012923:Social Class; D014481:United States / Q000453:epidemiology