title: Differential association of plasma monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 with systemic inflammatory and airway remodeling biomarkers in type-2 diabetic patients with and without asthma.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Chronic inflammation is a hallmark of type-2 diabetes (T2D) and asthma. Monocyte chemoattractant protein (MCP)-1 or CCL-2 is a key regulator of monocytic infiltration into the sites of inflammation. The changes in systemic MCP-1 levels and its relationship with other inflammatory/immune markers in T2D patients with asthma remain unclear and have been addressed in this study.
  
  
  METHODS
  Plasma samples from 10 asthmatic T2D patients (Group I: BMI = 37.82 ± 9.75 kg/m2), 13 non-asthmatic T2D patients (Group II: BMI = 32.68 ± 4.63 kg/m2), 23 asthma patients without T2D (Group III: BMI = 30.14 ± 6.74 kg/m2), and 25 non-asthmatic non-diabetic controls (Group IV: BMI = 27.99 ± 5.86 kg/m2) were used to measure levels of MCP-1 and multiple cytokine/chemokine biomarkers with bead-based multiplex assays using Luminex technology. IgE/ECP were measured using commercial ELISA kits. Data (mean ± SEM) were compared using unpaired Student'st-test and linear dependence between two variables was assessed by Pearson's correlation coefficient (r) andP≤ 0.05 was considered as significant.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Plasma MCP-1 levels were significantly higher in Group I (337.95 ± 46.40 pg/mL) as compared with Group II (216.69 ± 17.30 pg/mL), Group III (251.76 ± 19.80 pg/mL), and Group IV (223.52 ± 133.36 pg/mL). MCP-1 showed differential association with tested biomarkers by correlating positively with: (i) IFN-α2, IL-10, fractalkine, and VEGF in T2D patients with asthma; (ii) IL-6 and GRO-α in T2D patients without asthma; (iii) MDC, IP-10, GM-CSF, FGF-2, and PDGF-AA/BB in patients with asthma only; and (iv) FPG and TG in non-asthmatic non-diabetic controls. MCP-1 associated with IL-1RA only in subjects with asthma.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The systemic MCP-1 levels were significantly elevated in T2D patients with asthma as compared with those without asthma and/or diabetes while these changes correlated differentially with important biomarkers of inflammation and airway remodeling.
authors.affiliation: Immunology & Innovative Cell Therapy Unit, P.O. Box 1180, Dasman, 15462 Kuwait.
authors.forename: Sardar
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Sindhu
authors.affiliation: Immunology & Innovative Cell Therapy Unit, P.O. Box 1180, Dasman, 15462 Kuwait.
authors.forename: Merin
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Koshy
authors.affiliation: Immunology & Innovative Cell Therapy Unit, P.O. Box 1180, Dasman, 15462 Kuwait.
authors.forename: Areej Abu
authors.initials: AA
authors.lastname: Al-Roub
authors.affiliation: Immunology & Innovative Cell Therapy Unit, P.O. Box 1180, Dasman, 15462 Kuwait.
authors.forename: Nadeem
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Akhter
authors.affiliation: Immunology & Innovative Cell Therapy Unit, P.O. Box 1180, Dasman, 15462 Kuwait.
authors.forename: Saad
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Al Zanki
authors.affiliation: Immunology & Innovative Cell Therapy Unit, P.O. Box 1180, Dasman, 15462 Kuwait.
authors.forename: Shamsha
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Ali
authors.affiliation: Tissue Bank Facility, Dasman Diabetes Institute (DDI), P.O. Box 1180, Dasman, 15462 Kuwait.
authors.forename: Sriraman
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Devarajan
authors.affiliation: Immunology & Innovative Cell Therapy Unit, P.O. Box 1180, Dasman, 15462 Kuwait.
authors.forename: Rasheed
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Ahmad
keywords: Asthma; Biomarkers; Inflammation; Monocyte chemoattractant protein-1; Type-2 diabetes