title: NF-Y and SP transcription factors - New insights in a long-standing liaison.
abstract: For long it has been recognized that CCAAT boxes and GC-rich elements co-occur in many human and murine promoters within 100bp upstream of the transcription start site. The trimeric transcription factor NF-Y is the major CCAAT box-binding factor, and members of the SP family of transcription factors are the major GC box-binding proteins. Recent chromatin immunoprecipitations coupled with high throughput sequencing (ChIP-seq) have examined binding of NF-Y and the ubiquitous SP factors SP1, SP2 and SP3 genome-wide, allowing for comprehensive comparison of NF-Y and SP factor actions in the context of chromatin. Here, I attempt a synthesis of the earlier single-promoter type of analysis with the more recent genome-wide studies. In particular, I also discuss different modes of genomic interactions between SP factors and NF-Y that have emerged recently, and identify a key technical issue, which needs to be taken into account in a critical evaluation of genome-wide studies. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled: Nuclear Factor Y in Development and Disease, edited by Prof. Roberto Mantovani.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Molecular Biology and Tumor Research (IMT), Philipps-University Marburg, Emil-Mannkopff-Str. 2, D-35032-Marburg, Germany. Electronic address: Suske@imt.uni-marburg.de.
authors.forename: Guntram
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Suske
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D023081:CCAAT-Binding Factor / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D047369:Chromatin Immunoprecipitation; D055106:Genome-Wide Association Study; D006801:Humans; D051379:Mice; D020218:Response Elements / Q000502:physiology*; D051703:Sp Transcription Factors / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D023081:CCAAT-Binding Factor; D051703:Sp Transcription Factors
keywords: CCAAT box; GC box; Genome-wide analysis; Nuclear factor NF-Y; Promoter elements/motifs; SP2; SP3; Transcription factors SP1