title: The effect of suramin on inhibiting fibroblast proliferation and preventing epidural fibrosis after laminectomy in rats.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Epidural fibrosis often causes serious complications in patients after lumbar laminectomy and discectomy and is associated with the proliferation of fibroblasts. Suramin is known to have an obvious inhibitory effect on the coactions of many growth factors and their receptors, but little was previously known about the effect of suramin on fibroblast proliferation and the progress of epidural fibrosis.
  
  
  METHODS
  We illustrated the effect of suramin on cultured fibroblasts of rats with different concentrations (0, 200, 400, 600 mg/l). The proliferation of suramin-treated fibroblasts was evaluated by CCK-8 and western blot analysis. Additionally, in a rat model of laminectomy, different concentrations of suramin (100, 200, and 300 mg/ml) and saline were applied to the laminectomy sites locally. The effect of suramin on preventing epidural fibrosis was detected by the Rydell classification, hydroxyproline content, histological analysis, and collagen density analyses.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The results of CCK-8 shown that suramin could significantly inhibit fibroblasts proliferation in a dose-dependent manner. The western blotting shown that the expression levels of the cell proliferation markers such as cyclin D1, cyclin E, and PCNA were down-regulated. Moreover, in a rat model, we found that suramin could reduce epidural fibrosis as well as inhibit fibroblast proliferation, and 300 mg/ml suramin had better effect.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Topical application of suramin could reduce epidural fibrosis after laminectomy, and the application of suramin could inhibit the proliferation of fibroblasts in rats. This study indicates that suramin is a potent antifibrotic agent that may have therapeutic potential for patients with epidural fibrosis.
authors.affiliation: Department of Orthopedics, Clinical Medical College of Yangzhou University, Orthopaedic Institute, Subei People's Hospital of Jiangsu Province, Yangzhou, 225001, China.
authors.forename: Jihang
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Dai
authors.affiliation: Department of Orthopedics, Clinical Medical College of Yangzhou University, Orthopaedic Institute, Subei People's Hospital of Jiangsu Province, Yangzhou, 225001, China.
authors.forename: Xiaolei
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: Department of Orthopedics, Clinical Medical College of Yangzhou University, Orthopaedic Institute, Subei People's Hospital of Jiangsu Province, Yangzhou, 225001, China.
authors.forename: Lianqi
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Yan
authors.affiliation: Department of Orthopedics, Clinical Medical College of Yangzhou University, Orthopaedic Institute, Subei People's Hospital of Jiangsu Province, Yangzhou, 225001, China.
authors.forename: Hui
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.affiliation: Department of Orthopedics, Clinical Medical College of Yangzhou University, Orthopaedic Institute, Subei People's Hospital of Jiangsu Province, Yangzhou, 225001, China.
authors.forename: Jun
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: He
authors.affiliation: Department of Orthopedics, Clinical Medical College of Yangzhou University, Orthopaedic Institute, Subei People's Hospital of Jiangsu Province, Yangzhou, 225001, China.
authors.forename: Shuguang
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: Department of Orthopedics, Clinical Medical College of Yangzhou University, Orthopaedic Institute, Subei People's Hospital of Jiangsu Province, Yangzhou, 225001, China. m13056373079@163.com.
authors.forename: Jingcheng
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: Department of Orthopedics, Clinical Medical College of Yangzhou University, Orthopaedic Institute, Subei People's Hospital of Jiangsu Province, Yangzhou, 225001, China. docsy@163.com.
authors.forename: Yu
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Sun
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D049109:Cell Proliferation / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000502:physiology; D002470:Cell Survival / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D004824:Epidural Space / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery; D005347:Fibroblasts / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000473:pathology; D005355:Fibrosis / Q000473:pathology / Q000517:prevention & control; D007796:Laminectomy / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000639:trends; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D013498:Suramin / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D013498:Suramin
keywords: Epidural fibrosis; Fibroblasts proliferation; Suramin