title: The influence of cycling intensity upon cognitive response during inferred practice and competition conditions.
abstract: In many sport and exercise situations, cognitive performance is required under conditions of high physiological load and high cognitive anxiety. However, few studies have assessed all these components in situ. The current study sought to address this issue. Fourteen adults (9 males, 5 females) completed 2 incremental exercise trials (perceived competition or perceived practice) in a counterbalanced order. Cognitive performance, via a test of visual discrimination, rating of perceived exertion (RPE), heart rate (HR), blood lactate (Bla), and anxiety scores, was recorded at rest, 70% [Formula: see text] and 90% [Formula: see text]. Visual discrimination response times were faster at rest compared to 70% (P = 0.001) and 90% [Formula: see text] (P = 0.002) and at 70% compared to 90% [Formula: see text] (P = 0.04) in the competitive condition. HR post-instructions (P = 0.0001), at 70% (P = 0.001) and 90% [Formula: see text] (P = 0.0001), was significantly higher in competition compared to practice. RPE was higher in the competitive condition compared to the practice condition (P = 0.023). Cognitive anxiety intensity was significantly higher in the competitive condition, at 70% and 90% [Formula: see text] (P = 0.001). This study suggests that cognitive performance is more negatively affected when physiological arousal and cognitive anxiety are at their highest. Coaches and athletes should be mindful of such effects and seek to develop skills to offset such responses or to structure training to better represent competition.
authors.affiliation: a School of Life Sciences , Coventry University , Coventry , UK.
authors.forename: Michael J
authors.identifier: http://orcid.org/0000-0002-2016-6580
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Duncan
authors.affiliation: a School of Life Sciences , Coventry University , Coventry , UK.
authors.forename: Neil D
authors.initials: ND
authors.lastname: Clarke
authors.affiliation: a School of Life Sciences , Coventry University , Coventry , UK.
authors.forename: Martin
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Cox
authors.affiliation: a School of Life Sciences , Coventry University , Coventry , UK.
authors.forename: Mike
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Smith
mesh_terms: D001143:Arousal; D054874:Athletic Performance / Q000523:psychology*; D001642:Bicycling / Q000502:physiology*; D003071:Cognition; D005080:Exercise Test; D005260:Female; D006339:Heart Rate; D006801:Humans; D019344:Lactic Acid / Q000097:blood; D008297:Male; D060805:Performance Anxiety; D005082:Physical Exertion; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D019344:Lactic Acid
keywords: Visual discrimination; bioinformational theory; catastrophe model; cognitive anxiety; performance