title: Longitudinal alterations in motivational salience processing in ultra-high-risk subjects for psychosis.
abstract: Impairments in the attribution of salience are thought to be fundamental to the development of psychotic symptoms and the onset of psychotic disorders. The aim of the present study was to explore longitudinal alterations in salience processing in ultra-high-risk subjects for psychosis.
  
  
  
  A total of 23 ultra-high-risk subjects and 13 healthy controls underwent functional magnetic resonance imaging at two time points (mean interval of 17 months) while performing the Salience Attribution Test to assess neural responses to task-relevant (adaptive salience) and task-irrelevant (aberrant salience) stimulus features.
  
  
  
  At presentation, high-risk subjects were less likely than controls to attribute salience to relevant features, and more likely to attribute salience to irrelevant stimulus features. These behavioural differences were no longer evident at follow-up. When attributing salience to relevant cue features, ultra-high-risk subjects showed less activation than controls in the ventral striatum at both baseline and follow-up. Within the high-risk sample, amelioration of abnormal beliefs over the follow-up period was correlated with an increase in right ventral striatum activation during the attribution of salience to relevant cue features.
  
  
  
  These findings confirm that salience processing is perturbed in ultra-high-risk subjects for psychosis, that this is linked to alterations in ventral striatum function, and that clinical outcomes are related to longitudinal changes in ventral striatum function during salience processing.
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychosis Studies,King's College London, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience,London,UK.
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Schmidt
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychosis Studies,King's College London, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience,London,UK.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Antoniades
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychosis Studies,King's College London, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience,London,UK.
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Allen
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychosis Studies,King's College London, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience,London,UK.
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Egerton
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychosis Studies,King's College London, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience,London,UK.
authors.forename: C A
authors.initials: CA
authors.lastname: Chaddock
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychosis Studies,King's College London, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience,London,UK.
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Borgwardt
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychosis Studies,King's College London, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience,London,UK.
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Fusar-Poli
authors.affiliation: Institute of Cognitive Neuroscience, University College London,London,UK.
authors.forename: J P
authors.initials: JP
authors.lastname: Roiser
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychosis Studies,King's College London, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience,London,UK.
authors.forename: O
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Howes
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychosis Studies,King's College London, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience,London,UK.
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: McGuire
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging; D008297:Male; D009042:Motivation / Q000502:physiology*; D011597:Psychomotor Performance / Q000502:physiology*; D011618:Psychotic Disorders / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000503:physiopathology*; D012201:Reward; D012306:Risk; D066328:Ventral Striatum / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000503:physiopathology*; D014796:Visual Perception / Q000502:physiology*; D055815:Young Adult
keywords: Clinical high risk for psychosis; longitudinal studies; motivational salience; psychosis; ventral striatum