title: Blastomere biopsy for PGD delays embryo compaction and blastulation: a time-lapse microscopic analysis.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The purpose of the study was to explore the effect of blastomere biopsy for preimplantation genetic diagnosis (PGD) on the embryos' dynamics, further cleavage, development, and implantation.
  
  
  METHODS
  The study group included 366 embryos from all PGD treatments (September 2012 to June 2014) cultured in the EmbryoScope™ time-lapse monitoring system. The control group included all intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI) embryos cultured in EmbryoScope™ until day 5 during the same time period (385 embryos). Time points of key embryonic events were analyzed with an EmbryoViewer™.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Most (88 %) of the embryos were biopsied at ≥8 cells. These results summarize the further dynamic development of the largest cohort of biopsied embryos and demonstrate that blastomere biopsy of cleavage-stage embryos significantly delayed compaction and blastulation compared to the control non-biopsied embryos. This delay in preimplanation developmental events also affected postimplantation development as observed when the dynamics of non-implanted embryos (known implantation data (KID) negative) were compared to those of implanted embryos (KID positive).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Analysis of morphokinetic parameters enabled us to explore how blastomere biopsy interferes with the dynamic sequence of developmental events. Our results show that biopsy delays the compaction and the blastulation of the embryos, leading to a decrease in implantation.
authors.affiliation: IVF Lab and Wolfe PGD-Stem Cell Lab, Racine IVF Unit, Lis Maternity Hospital, Tel-Aviv Sourasky Medical Center, 6 Weizman Street, Tel Aviv, Israel.
authors.forename: Liron
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Bar-El
authors.affiliation: IVF Lab and Wolfe PGD-Stem Cell Lab, Racine IVF Unit, Lis Maternity Hospital, Tel-Aviv Sourasky Medical Center, 6 Weizman Street, Tel Aviv, Israel.
authors.forename: Yael
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Kalma
authors.affiliation: IVF Lab and Wolfe PGD-Stem Cell Lab, Racine IVF Unit, Lis Maternity Hospital, Tel-Aviv Sourasky Medical Center, 6 Weizman Street, Tel Aviv, Israel.
authors.forename: Mira
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Malcov
authors.affiliation: IVF Lab and Wolfe PGD-Stem Cell Lab, Racine IVF Unit, Lis Maternity Hospital, Tel-Aviv Sourasky Medical Center, 6 Weizman Street, Tel Aviv, Israel.
authors.forename: Tamar
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Schwartz
authors.affiliation: IVF Lab and Wolfe PGD-Stem Cell Lab, Racine IVF Unit, Lis Maternity Hospital, Tel-Aviv Sourasky Medical Center, 6 Weizman Street, Tel Aviv, Israel.
authors.forename: Shaul
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Raviv
authors.affiliation: IVF Lab and Wolfe PGD-Stem Cell Lab, Racine IVF Unit, Lis Maternity Hospital, Tel-Aviv Sourasky Medical Center, 6 Weizman Street, Tel Aviv, Israel.
authors.forename: Tania
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Cohen
authors.affiliation: IVF Lab and Wolfe PGD-Stem Cell Lab, Racine IVF Unit, Lis Maternity Hospital, Tel-Aviv Sourasky Medical Center, 6 Weizman Street, Tel Aviv, Israel.
authors.forename: Hadar
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Amir
authors.affiliation: IVF Lab and Wolfe PGD-Stem Cell Lab, Racine IVF Unit, Lis Maternity Hospital, Tel-Aviv Sourasky Medical Center, 6 Weizman Street, Tel Aviv, Israel.
authors.forename: Yoni
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Cohen
authors.affiliation: IVF Lab and Wolfe PGD-Stem Cell Lab, Racine IVF Unit, Lis Maternity Hospital, Tel-Aviv Sourasky Medical Center, 6 Weizman Street, Tel Aviv, Israel.
authors.forename: Adi
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Reches
authors.affiliation: IVF Lab and Wolfe PGD-Stem Cell Lab, Racine IVF Unit, Lis Maternity Hospital, Tel-Aviv Sourasky Medical Center, 6 Weizman Street, Tel Aviv, Israel.
authors.forename: Ami
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Amit
authors.affiliation: IVF Lab and Wolfe PGD-Stem Cell Lab, Racine IVF Unit, Lis Maternity Hospital, Tel-Aviv Sourasky Medical Center, 6 Weizman Street, Tel Aviv, Israel. dalitb@tlvmc.gov.il.|Department of Cell Biology and Development, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel. dalitb@tlvmc.gov.il.
authors.forename: Dalit
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Ben-Yosef
mesh_terms: D001706:Biopsy; D001757:Blastomeres / Q000648:ultrastructure*; D002970:Cleavage Stage, Ovum / Q000378:metabolism; D046149:Embryo Culture Techniques; D010064:Embryo Implantation / Q000235:genetics*; D004624:Embryo Transfer / Q000379:methods; D047108:Embryonic Development / Q000235:genetics*; D005260:Female; D005307:Fertilization in Vitro / Q000379:methods; D006801:Humans; D011247:Pregnancy; D019836:Preimplantation Diagnosis; D020554:Sperm Injections, Intracytoplasmic
keywords: Blastomere biopsy; Embryo development; Morphokinetics; PGD; Time-lapse microscopy