title: Multi-residue analysis of pesticides, plant hormones, veterinary drugs and mycotoxins using HILIC chromatography - MS/MS in various food matrices.
abstract: One of the recent trends in Analytical Chemistry is the development of economic, quick and easy hyphenated methods to be used in a field that includes analytes of different classes and physicochemical properties. In this work a multi-residue method was developed for the simultaneous determination of 28 xenobiotics (polar and hydrophilic) using hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography technique (HILIC) coupled with triple quadrupole mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) technology. The scope of the method includes plant growth regulators (chlormequat, daminozide, diquat, maleic hydrazide, mepiquat, paraquat), pesticides (cyromazine, the metabolite of the fungicide propineb PTU (propylenethiourea), amitrole), various multiclass antibiotics (tetracyclines, sulfonamides quinolones, kasugamycin and mycotoxins (aflatoxin B1, B2, fumonisin B1 and ochratoxin A). Isolation of the analytes from the matrix was achieved with a fast and effective technique. The validation of the multi-residue method was performed at the levels: 10 μg/kg and 100 μg/kg in the following representative substrates: fruits-vegetables (apples, apricots, lettuce and onions), cereals and pulses (flour and chickpeas), animal products (milk and meat) and cereal based baby foods. The method was validated taking into consideration EU guidelines and showed acceptable linearity (r ≥ 0.99), accuracy with recoveries between 70 and 120% and precision with RSD ≤ 20% for the majority of the analytes studied. For the analytes that presented accuracy and precision values outside the acceptable limits the method still is able to serve as a semi-quantitative method. The matrix effect, the limits of detection and quantification were also estimated and compared with the current EU MRLs (Maximum Residue Levels) and FAO/WHO MLs (Maximum Levels) or CXLs (Codex Maximum Residue Limits). The combined and expanded uncertainty of the method for each analyte per substrate, was also estimated.
authors.affiliation: Benaki Phytopathological Institute, Department of Pesticides Control & Phytopharmacy, Laboratory of Pesticide Residues, 14561 Athens, Greece; Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, University of Athens, Panepistimiopolis Zographou, 15771 Athens, Greece.
authors.forename: G P
authors.initials: GP
authors.lastname: Danezis
authors.affiliation: Benaki Phytopathological Institute, Department of Pesticides Control & Phytopharmacy, Laboratory of Pesticide Residues, 14561 Athens, Greece. Electronic address: c.anagnostopoulos@bpi.gr.
authors.forename: C J
authors.initials: CJ
authors.lastname: Anagnostopoulos
authors.affiliation: Benaki Phytopathological Institute, Department of Pesticides Control & Phytopharmacy, Laboratory of Pesticide Residues, 14561 Athens, Greece.
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Liapis
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, University of Athens, Panepistimiopolis Zographou, 15771 Athens, Greece.
authors.forename: M A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Koupparis
mesh_terms: D002853:Chromatography, Liquid / Q000379:methods*; D005506:Food Contamination / Q000032:analysis*; D009183:Mycotoxins / Q000032:analysis*; D010573:Pesticide Residues / Q000032:analysis*; D004364:Pharmaceutical Preparations / Q000032:analysis*; D010937:Plant Growth Regulators / Q000032:analysis*; D021241:Spectrometry, Mass, Electrospray Ionization / Q000379:methods; D053719:Tandem Mass Spectrometry / Q000379:methods*; D014730:Veterinary Medicine
chemical_list: D009183:Mycotoxins; D010573:Pesticide Residues; D004364:Pharmaceutical Preparations; D010937:Plant Growth Regulators
keywords: Hydrophilic; Mass spectrometry; Multi-class; Mycotoxins; Plant growth regulators; Veterinary drugs