title: Application of Glycerol for Induced Powdery Mildew Resistance inTriticum aestivumL.
abstract: Previous work has demonstrated that glycerol-3-phosphate (G3P) and oleic acid (18:1) are two important signal molecules associated with plant resistance to fungi. In this article, we provide evidence that a 3% glycerol spray application 1-2 days before powdery mildew infection and subsequent applications once every 4 days was sufficient to stimulate the plant defense responses without causing any significant damage to wheat leaves. We found that G3P and oleic acid levels were markedly induced by powdery mildew infection. In addition,TaGLI1(encoding a glycerol kinase) andTaSSI2(encoding a stearoylacyl carrier protein fatty acid desaturase), two genes associated with the glycerol and fatty acid (FA) pathways, respectively, were induced by powdery mildew infection, and their promoter regions contain some fungal response elements. Moreover, exogenous application of glycerol increased the G3P level and decreased the level of oleic acid (18:1). Glycerol application induced the expression ofpathogenesis-related(PR) genes (TaPR-1, TaPR-2, TaPR-3, TaPR-4, andTaPR-5), induced the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) before powdery mildew infection, and induced salicylic acid (SA) accumulation in wheat leaves. Further, we sprayed glycerol in a wheat field and found that it significantly (p< 0.05) reduced the severity of powdery mildew disease and lessened disease-associated kernel weight loss, all without causing any noticeable degradation in wheat seed quality.
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of Crop Heterosis and Utilization (MOE) and State Key Laboratory for Agrobiotechnology, Beijing Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, China Agricultural University Beijing, China.
authors.forename: Yinghui
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of Crop Heterosis and Utilization (MOE) and State Key Laboratory for Agrobiotechnology, Beijing Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, China Agricultural University Beijing, China.
authors.forename: Na
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Song
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of Crop Heterosis and Utilization (MOE) and State Key Laboratory for Agrobiotechnology, Beijing Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, China Agricultural University Beijing, China.
authors.forename: Chuanzhi
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Zhao
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of Crop Heterosis and Utilization (MOE) and State Key Laboratory for Agrobiotechnology, Beijing Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, China Agricultural University Beijing, China.
authors.forename: Feng
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of Crop Heterosis and Utilization (MOE) and State Key Laboratory for Agrobiotechnology, Beijing Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, China Agricultural University Beijing, China.
authors.forename: Miaomiao
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Geng
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of Crop Heterosis and Utilization (MOE) and State Key Laboratory for Agrobiotechnology, Beijing Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, China Agricultural University Beijing, China.
authors.forename: Yuhui
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of Crop Heterosis and Utilization (MOE) and State Key Laboratory for Agrobiotechnology, Beijing Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, China Agricultural University Beijing, China.
authors.forename: Wanhui
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of Crop Heterosis and Utilization (MOE) and State Key Laboratory for Agrobiotechnology, Beijing Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, China Agricultural University Beijing, China.
authors.forename: Chaojie
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Xie
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of Crop Heterosis and Utilization (MOE) and State Key Laboratory for Agrobiotechnology, Beijing Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, China Agricultural University Beijing, China.
authors.forename: Qixin
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Sun
keywords: G3P; TaGLI1; TaSSI2; Triticum aestivum L.; glycerol application; induced disease resistance; oleic acid; powdery mildew