title: Successful customer intercept interview recruitment outside small and midsize urban food retailers.
abstract: Customer intercept interviews are increasingly used to characterize food purchases at retail food outlets and restaurants; however, methodological procedures, logistical issues and response rates using intercept methods are not well described in the food environment literature. The aims of this manuscript were to 1) describe the development and implementation of a customer intercept interview protocol in a large, NIH-funded study assessing food purchases in small and midsize food retailers in Minneapolis and St. Paul, Minnesota, 2) describe intercept interview response rates by store type and environmental factors (e.g., neighborhood socioeconomic status, day/time, weather), and 3) compare demographic characteristics (e.g., gender, race/ethnicity) of participants versus non-participants.
  
  
  
  After a pilot phase involving 28 stores, a total of 616 interviews were collected from customers exiting 128 stores in fall 2014. The number of eligible customers encountered per hour (a measure of store traffic), participants successfully recruited per hour, and response rates were calculated overall and by store type, neighborhood socio-economic status, day and time of data collection, and weather. Response rates by store type, neighborhood socio-economic status, time and day of data collection, and weather, and characteristics of participants and non-participants were compared using chi-square tests.
  
  
  
  The overall response rate was 35 %, with significantly higher response rates at corner/small grocery stores (47 %) and dollar stores (46 %) compared to food-gas marts (32 %) and pharmacies (26 %), and for data collection between 4:00-6:00 pm on weekdays (40 %) compared to weekends (32 %). The distribution of race/ethnicity, but not gender, differed between participants and non-participants (p < 0.01), with greater participation rates among those identified as Black versus White.
  
  
  
  Customer intercept interviews can be successfully used to recruit diverse samples of customers at small and midsize food retailers. Future community-based studies using customer intercept interviews should collect data sufficient to report response rates and consider potential differences between the racial/ethnic composition of the recruited sample and the target population.
authors.affiliation: Division of Epidemiology and Community Health, University of Minnesota, 1300 S. Second St., Suite 300, Minneapolis, MN, 55454, USA. pelle137@umn.edu.
authors.forename: Jennifer E
authors.initials: JE
authors.lastname: Pelletier
authors.affiliation: Department of Family Medicine and Community Health, University of Minnesota, 717 Delaware St SE, Minneapolis, MN, 55414, USA.
authors.forename: Caitlin E
authors.initials: CE
authors.lastname: Caspi
authors.affiliation: Division of Epidemiology and Community Health, University of Minnesota, 1300 S. Second St., Suite 300, Minneapolis, MN, 55454, USA.
authors.forename: Liana R N
authors.initials: LR
authors.lastname: Schreiber
authors.affiliation: Division of Epidemiology and Community Health, University of Minnesota, 1300 S. Second St., Suite 300, Minneapolis, MN, 55454, USA.
authors.forename: Darin J
authors.initials: DJ
authors.lastname: Erickson
authors.affiliation: Division of Epidemiology and Community Health, University of Minnesota, 1300 S. Second St., Suite 300, Minneapolis, MN, 55454, USA.
authors.forename: Lisa
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Harnack
authors.affiliation: Division of Epidemiology and Community Health, University of Minnesota, 1300 S. Second St., Suite 300, Minneapolis, MN, 55454, USA.
authors.forename: Melissa N
authors.initials: MN
authors.lastname: Laska
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D001741:Black or African American; D003132:Commerce; D003710:Demography; D004032:Diet / Q000208:ethnology; D005260:Female; D005502:Food; D005518:Food Preferences / Q000208:ethnology; D005523:Food Supply; D006801:Humans; D007407:Interviews as Topic; D008297:Male; D008910:Minnesota; D012107:Research Design; D012111:Residence Characteristics; D012147:Restaurants; D012923:Social Class; D044465:White People
keywords: Diet; Health promotion; Measurement; Nutrition; Research design in epidemiology