title: StemphyliumLeaf Blight of Garlic (Allium sativum) in Spain: Taxonomy andIn VitroFungicide Response.
abstract: The most serious aerial disease of garlic is leaf blight caused byStemphyliumspp. Geographical variation in the causal agent of this disease is indicated.Stemphyliumvesicarium has been reported in Spain, whereasS. solaniis the most prevalent species recorded in China. In this study,Stemphyliumisolates were obtained from symptomatic garlic plants sampled from the main Spanish production areas. Sequence data for the ITS1-5.8S-ITS2 region enabled assignation of the isolates to thePleospora herbarumcomplex and clearly distinguished the isolates fromS. solani. Conidial morphology of the isolates corresponded to that ofS. vesicariumand clearly discriminated them fromS. alfalfaeandS. herbarumon the basis of the size and septation pattern of mature conidia. Conidial morphology as well as conidial length, width and length:width ratio also allowed the Spanish isolates to be distinguished fromS. botryosumandS. herbarum. Control of leaf blight of garlic is not well established. Few studies are available regarding the effectiveness of chemical treatments to reduceStemphyliumspp. incidence on garlic. The effectiveness of nine fungicides of different chemical groups to reduceStemphyliummycelial growthin vitrowas tested. Boscalid + pyraclostrobin (group name, succinate dehydrogenase inhibitors + quinone outside inhibitors), iprodione (dicar-boximide), and prochloraz (demethylation inhibitors) were highly effective at reducing mycelial growth inS. vesicariumwith EC50values less than 5 ppm. In general, the effectiveness of the fungicide was enhanced with increasing dosage.
authors.affiliation: Department of Agricultural Production, Plant Protection Laboratory, Technical University of Madrid, Madrid 28040, Spain.
authors.forename: Laura
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Gálvez
authors.affiliation: Department of Microbiology, Complutense University of Madrid, Madrid 28040, Spain.
authors.forename: Jéssica
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Gil-Serna
authors.affiliation: Department of Microbiology, Complutense University of Madrid, Madrid 28040, Spain.
authors.forename: Marta
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: García
authors.affiliation: Department of Agricultural Production, Plant Protection Laboratory, Technical University of Madrid, Madrid 28040, Spain.
authors.forename: Concepción
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Iglesias
authors.affiliation: Department of Agricultural Production, Plant Protection Laboratory, Technical University of Madrid, Madrid 28040, Spain.
authors.forename: Daniel
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Palmero
keywords: Pleospora herbarum; mycelial growth