title: Uptake of parasite-derived vesicles by astrocytes and microglial phagocytosis of infected erythrocytes may drive neuroinflammation in cerebral malaria.
abstract: Astrocytes and microglia are activated during cerebral malaria (CM) and contribute to the production and release of several mediators during neuroinflammatory processes. Whether these changes are the consequence of a direct crosstalk between glial cells and the malarial parasite and how these cells participate in the pathogenesis of CM is not yet clear. We therefore examined the interaction of astrocytes and microglia with Plasmodium berghei ANKA-infected red blood cells using primary cell cultures derived from newborn C57BL/6 mice. We observed a dynamic transfer of vesicles from the parasite to astrocytes within minutes of contact, and the phagocytosis of infected red blood cells by microglia. Differential gene expression studies using the Affymetrix GeneChip®microarray, and quantitative PCR analyses showed the increase in expression of the set of genes belonging to the immune response network in parasite activated astrocytes and microglia. Interestingly, expression of these genes was also significantly upregulated in brains of mice dying from CM compared with uninfected mice or infected mice that did not develop the neuropathology. Accumulation of parasite-derived vesicles within astrocytes, and the phagocytosis of infected red blood cells by microglia induced a subsequent increase in interferon gamma inducible protein 10 (IP10) in both the brain and plasma of infected mice at the onset of CM, confirming a role for this molecule in CM pathogenesis. Altogether, these observations point to a possible role for glial cells in the neuropathological processes leading to CM. GLIA 2016 GLIA 2017;65:75-92.
authors.affiliation: Univ. Lille, CNRS, Inserm, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, U1019 - UMR 8204 - CIIL - Centre d'Infection et d'Immunité de Lille, Lille, F-59000, France.
authors.forename: Sandeep K
authors.initials: SK
authors.lastname: Shrivastava
authors.affiliation: Univ. Lille, CNRS, Inserm, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, U1019 - UMR 8204 - CIIL - Centre d'Infection et d'Immunité de Lille, Lille, F-59000, France.
authors.forename: Esther
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Dalko
authors.affiliation: Univ. Lille, CNRS, Inserm, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, U1019 - UMR 8204 - CIIL - Centre d'Infection et d'Immunité de Lille, Lille, F-59000, France.
authors.forename: Delphine
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Delcroix-Genete
authors.affiliation: Univ. Lille, CNRS, Inserm, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, U1019 - UMR 8204 - CIIL - Centre d'Infection et d'Immunité de Lille, Lille, F-59000, France.
authors.forename: Fabien
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Herbert
authors.affiliation: Unité d'Immunophysiopathologie Infectieuse, CRNS URA 1961, UPMC, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France.
authors.forename: Pierre-André
authors.initials: PA
authors.lastname: Cazenave
authors.affiliation: Univ. Lille, CNRS, Inserm, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, U1019 - UMR 8204 - CIIL - Centre d'Infection et d'Immunité de Lille, Lille, F-59000, France.|Unité d'Immunophysiopathologie Infectieuse, CRNS URA 1961, UPMC, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France.
authors.forename: Sylviane
authors.identifier: 0000-0003-0642-1423
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Pied
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001253:Astrocytes / Q000378:metabolism / Q000469:parasitology*; D001921:Brain / Q000469:parasitology / Q000473:pathology; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D016207:Cytokines / Q000378:metabolism; D004912:Erythrocytes / Q000469:parasitology*; D005260:Female; D016779:Malaria, Cerebral / Q000469:parasitology* / Q000473:pathology; D008810:Mice, Inbred C57BL; D017628:Microglia / Q000378:metabolism / Q000469:parasitology*; D010587:Phagocytosis / Q000502:physiology*
chemical_list: D016207:Cytokines
keywords: Plasmodium berghei; astrocytes; cerebral malaria; inflammation; microglia; microvesicles