title: The relationship between depression and overactive bladder/urinary incontinence symptoms in the clinical OAB population.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  To investigate the relationship between depression and overactive bladder (OAB)/urinary incontinence symptoms among the clinical OAB population.
  
  
  METHODS
  Patients who were diagnosed with overactive bladder (OAB) and age-matched control subjects without OAB were enrolled. Depression symptoms were assessed using the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS-D). OAB/incontinence symptoms were assessed using the validated questionnaires: ICIQ-UI, ICIQ-OAB, UDI-6, IIQ-7, and OAB-q.
  
  
  RESULTS
  27.5 % of OAB patients in our study had depression (HADS ≥8), and 12 % of OAB patients had moderate to severe depression (HADS-D ≥11). OAB patients reported significantly higher HADS-D depression scores compared to age-matched controls (5.3 ± 3.9 versus 2.8 ± 3.9, p = 0.004). OAB patients with depression reported more severe incontinence symptoms (ICIQ-UI), greater bother and more impact on quality of life (UDI-6, IIQ-7) compared to OAB patients without depression (p = 0.001, 0.01, <0.001, respectively). However there were no differences in ICIQ-OAB and OAB-q. Among OAB patients, there were positive correlations between the severity of depression symptoms and OAB/incontinence symptoms (p-values <0.001 to 0.035).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  27.5 % of OAB patients have depression. OAB patients with depression reported more severe urinary incontinence symptoms, greater bother and more impact on quality of life compared to those without depression. Future studies are needed to further examine the mechanistic links between depression and OAB/urinary incontinence.
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, Division of Urologic Surgery, Washington University School of Medicine, 4960 Children's Place, Campus Box 8242, St Louis, MO, 63110, USA. laih@wudosis.wustl.edu.|Department of Anesthesiology, Washington University School of Medicine, 4960 Children's Place, Campus Box 8242, St Louis, MO, 63110, USA. laih@wudosis.wustl.edu.
authors.forename: H Henry
authors.initials: HH
authors.lastname: Lai
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, Division of Urologic Surgery, Washington University School of Medicine, 4960 Children's Place, Campus Box 8242, St Louis, MO, 63110, USA.
authors.forename: Baixin
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Shen
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, Division of Urologic Surgery, Washington University School of Medicine, 4960 Children's Place, Campus Box 8242, St Louis, MO, 63110, USA.
authors.forename: Amar
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Rawal
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, Division of Urologic Surgery, Washington University School of Medicine, 4960 Children's Place, Campus Box 8242, St Louis, MO, 63110, USA.
authors.forename: Joel
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Vetter
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D003863:Depression / Q000150:complications* / Q000453:epidemiology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D057566:Self Report; D053201:Urinary Bladder, Overactive / Q000150:complications*; D014549:Urinary Incontinence / Q000150:complications*
keywords: Depression; Overactive bladder; Psychosocial; Urinary incontinence; Urinary urgency