title: In Vitro Toxicity Evaluation of Lignin-(Un)coated Cellulose Based Nanomaterials on Human A549 and THP-1 Cells.
abstract: A significant amount of research toward commercial development of cellulose based nanomaterials (CNM) is now in progress with some potential applications. Using human A549 and THP-1 cells, we evaluated the biological responses of various CNMs, made out of similar material but with functional and morphological variations. While A549 cells displayed minimal or no cytotoxic responses following exposure to CNMs, THP-1 cells were more susceptible to cytotoxicity, cellular damage and inflammatory responses. Further analysis of these biological responses evaluated using hierarchical clustering approaches was effective in discriminating (dis)-similarities of various CNMs studied and identified potential inflammatory factors contributing to cytotoxicity. No correlation between cytotoxicity and surface properties of CNMs was found. This study clearly highlights that, in addition to the source and characteristics of CNMs, cell type-specific differences in the recognition/uptake of CNMs along with their inherent capability to respond to external stimuli are crucial for assessing the toxicity of CNMs.
authors.affiliation: Exposure Assessment Branch/NIOSH/CDC, Morgantown, West Virginia 26505, United States.
authors.forename: Naveena
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Yanamala
authors.affiliation: Exposure Assessment Branch/NIOSH/CDC, Morgantown, West Virginia 26505, United States.
authors.forename: Elena R
authors.initials: ER
authors.lastname: Kisin
authors.affiliation: Exposure Assessment Branch/NIOSH/CDC, Morgantown, West Virginia 26505, United States.
authors.forename: Autumn L
authors.initials: AL
authors.lastname: Menas
authors.affiliation: Exposure Assessment Branch/NIOSH/CDC, Morgantown, West Virginia 26505, United States.
authors.forename: Mariana T
authors.initials: MT
authors.lastname: Farcas
authors.affiliation: Exposure Assessment Branch/NIOSH/CDC, Morgantown, West Virginia 26505, United States.
authors.forename: Timur O
authors.initials: TO
authors.lastname: Khaliullin
authors.affiliation: National Research Centre for the Working Environment , Copenhagen DK-2100, Denmark.
authors.forename: Ulla B
authors.initials: UB
authors.lastname: Vogel
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathology, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center , Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, United States.
authors.forename: Galina V
authors.initials: GV
authors.lastname: Shurin
authors.affiliation: Pathology & Physiology Research Branch/NIOSH/CDC, Morgantown, West Virginia 26505, United States.
authors.forename: Diane
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Schwegler-Berry
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry, University of Pittsburgh , Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, United States.
authors.forename: Philip M
authors.initials: PM
authors.lastname: Fournier
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry, University of Pittsburgh , Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, United States.
authors.forename: Alexander
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Star
authors.affiliation: Exposure Assessment Branch/NIOSH/CDC, Morgantown, West Virginia 26505, United States.|Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, West Virginia University , Morgantown, West Virginia 26505, United States.
authors.forename: Anna A
authors.initials: AA
authors.lastname: Shvedova
mesh_terms: D000072283:A549 Cells; D002482:Cellulose / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000494:pharmacology; D006801:Humans; D008031:Lignin / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000494:pharmacology; D049329:Nanostructures / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000737:chemistry*
chemical_list: D002482:Cellulose; D008031:Lignin