title: Occurrence, fate, and risk assessment of selected endocrine disrupting chemicals in wastewater treatment plants and receiving river of Shanghai, China.
abstract: The occurrence and fate of five endocrine disrupting chemicals (EDCs), including nonylphenol (NP), 4-tert-octylphenol (4-t-OP), 4-tert-butylphenol (4-t-BP), bisphenol A (BPA) and norethindrone (NET) was investigated in four wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) and receiving river (Suzhou River and Yangtze River) of Shanghai. Selected EDCs in WWTPs influents ranged from 1.02 to 3560 ng L-1, which dominated by NP and BPA. Target compounds detected in effluents were from N.D. to 1136 ng L-1, with NP as most prevalent. The removal rates of target compounds varied from negative of NET to 99 % of BPA. Except of NET, efficiently removal rates (>70 %) were observed in WWTPs. Biological treatment was the major removal stage of selected EDCs in WWTPs. Furthermore, the selected EDCs were detected from N.D. to 424 ng L-1in receiving river. The correlation analysis suggested EDCs pollution in receiving river might be mainly contributed by WWTPs effluents. The risk quotient of NP (RQ > 1) was higher than any other pollutants, indicating its relatively higher potential risk for the aquatic organism. These results will provide significant background data to future EDCs pollution control and management in Shanghai, China.
authors.affiliation: School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai University, Shangda Road 99, Shanghai, 200444, China. xugang@shu.edu.cn.
authors.forename: Gang
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Xu
authors.affiliation: School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai University, Shangda Road 99, Shanghai, 200444, China.
authors.forename: Sihan
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Ma
authors.affiliation: School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai University, Shangda Road 99, Shanghai, 200444, China.
authors.forename: Liang
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Tang
authors.affiliation: School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai University, Shangda Road 99, Shanghai, 200444, China.
authors.forename: Rui
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Sun
authors.affiliation: School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai University, Shangda Road 99, Shanghai, 200444, China.
authors.forename: Jiajia
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Xiang
authors.affiliation: School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai University, Shangda Road 99, Shanghai, 200444, China.
authors.forename: Bentuo
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Xu
authors.affiliation: Shanghai Pudong New Area Environmental Monitoring Station, Shanghai, China.
authors.forename: Yangyang
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Bao
authors.affiliation: School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai University, Shangda Road 99, Shanghai, 200444, China. mhwu@staff.shu.edu.cn.
authors.forename: Minghong
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Wu
mesh_terms: D059001:Aquatic Organisms; D002681:China; D052244:Endocrine Disruptors / Q000737:chemistry*; D004784:Environmental Monitoring / Q000379:methods*; D018570:Risk Assessment; D045483:Rivers / Q000737:chemistry; D064091:Waste Disposal Facilities; D014865:Waste Disposal, Fluid; D062065:Wastewater / Q000737:chemistry; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical / Q000737:chemistry*
chemical_list: D052244:Endocrine Disruptors; D062065:Wastewater; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical
keywords: Endocrine disrupting chemicals (EDCs); Environmental risk assessment; Receiving river; Removal rate; Wastewater treatment plants