title: Percutaneous Nerve Evaluation Test Versus Staged Test Trials for Sacral Neuromodulation: Sensitivity, Specificity, and Predictive Values of Each Technique.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  InterStim device is an U.S. Food and Drug Administration approved minimal invasive therapy for sacral neuromodulation for lower urinary tract dysfunction. Before InterStim implantation, a trial with the appropriate screening tests is required to determine patient therapy eligibility. There are two different techniques for patient screening: percutaneous nerve evaluation (PNE) test and staged test. Few studies have reported success and failure rates for each technique. However, test sensitivity and predictive values of either test have not been studied. The aim of our study was to determine the sensitivity and specificity of each test and to establish a decision algorithm for the most appropriate testing method to be used as a screening test.
  
  
  METHODS
  This cross-sectional study was conducted from August 2009 to February 2012 and included patients with lower urinary tract dysfunction who participated in the stimulation test trial. Patients underwent PNE as the first stimulation test, while those who encountered technical difficulty during PNE or electrode migration underwent staged testing.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A total of 213 patients, including 172 female and 41 male subjects, underwent PNE. The patients' diagnoses included refractory overactive bladder (47.9%), nonobstructive urinary retention (29.6%), and frequency urgency syndrome (22.1%). A total of 202 patients were screened with PNE and 10 patients with staged testing. Overall sensitivity of PNE was 87.3%, and it was 90% for staged test. PNE specificity was 98.5% as compared to 92.9% for staged test. Positive and negative predictive values for PNE were 99% and 82.1% and for staged test were 90% and 92.9%, respectively.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  PNE test has high specificity and positive predictive value. We recommend PNE, a simple office-based, less expensive procedure as the first option for screening.
authors.affiliation: King Abdulaziz University, Faculty of Medicine, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia.
authors.forename: Mai
authors.identifier: 0000-0002-2341-1270
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Banakhar
authors.affiliation: University of Toronto, University Health Network, Toronto Western Hospital, Toronto, Canada.
authors.forename: Magdy
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Hassouna
keywords: Percutaneous Nerve Evaluation Test; Sacral Nerve Stimulation; Sacral Neuromodulation; Screening; Staged