title: [The Mediating Role of Parenting Self-Efficacy on Parenting Stress and Quality of Life in Parents of Young Children With Developmental Delay].
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Previous studies indicate that parents of developmentally delayed children have higher parenting stress (PS) and lower quality of life (QoL) than parents of healthy children. Parenting self-efficacy (PSE) may mediate the effects of PS on the QoL of parents.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  The present study explores the mediating role of PSE between PS and the QoL of parents of developmentally delayed children and compares the differences in several variables between fathers and mothers.
  
  
  METHODS
  A cross-sectional research design was used to study a sample of 70 parent dyads. Instruments used were the Basic Information Form, Parenting Stress Index Short Form (PSI-SF), Parenting Self-efficacy Scale (PSE Scale), and World Health Organization Quality of Life-BREF Taiwan version (WHOQOL-BREF).
  
  
  RESULTS
  (1) Participants had a moderate level of QoL, PS, and PSE. (2) The PS of participants was significantly and negatively correlated with both QoL and PSE while their PSE was significantly and positively correlated with QoL. (3) The PSE of the fathers completely mediated the effects of PS on their QoL (p < .001), accounting for 62.2% of observed variation, while the PSE of the mothers partially mediated the effects of PS on their QoL (p < .05), accounting for 59.5% of observed variation.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  PSE was identified as the mediator between PS and QoL in both fathers and mothers. The PSE of the fathers completely mediated the effect of PS on QoL, while the PSE of the mothers partially mediated the effect of PS on QoL. Further research that explores the factors that affect the QoL of parents and then uses the results to develop interventions to enhance the PSE of parents, especially fathers, is recommended.
authors.affiliation: MSN, RN, Research Assistant, School of Nursing, National Taipei University of Nursing and Health Sciences, Taiwan, ROC.
authors.forename: Yi
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Sun
authors.affiliation: PhD, RN, Assistant Professor, School of Nursing, National Taipei University of Nursing and Health Sciences, Taiwan, ROC. weiwen@ntunhs.edu.tw.
authors.forename: Wei-Wen
authors.initials: WW
authors.lastname: Wu
authors.affiliation: PhD, Professor, Institute of Hospital and Health Care Administration, National Yang-Ming University, Taiwan, ROC.
authors.forename: Kuan-Chia
authors.initials: KC
authors.lastname: Lin
authors.affiliation: PhD, Associate Professor, Department of Child and Family Studies, Fu Jen Catholic University, Taiwan, ROC.
authors.forename: Jo-Lin
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: Chen
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D002658:Developmental Disabilities / Q000523:psychology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D016487:Parenting / Q000523:psychology*; D011788:Quality of Life; D020377:Self Efficacy; D013315:Stress, Psychological / Q000209:etiology*
keywords:  developmental delay ;  parenting self-efficacy ;  parenting stress ;  quality of life 