title: The skin aging exposome.
abstract: The term "exposome" describes the totality of exposures to which an individual is subjected from conception to death. It includes both external and internal factors as well as the human body's response to these factors. Current exposome research aims to understand the effects all factors have on specific organs, yet today, the exposome of human skin has not received major attention and a corresponding definition is lacking. This review was compiled with the collaboration of European scientists, specialized in either environmental medicine or skin biology. A comprehensive review of the existing literature was performed using PubMed. The search was restricted to exposome factors and skin aging. Key review papers and all relevant, epidemiological, in vitro, ex vivo and clinical studies were analyzed to determine the key elements of the exposome influencing skin aging. Here we propose a definition of the skin aging exposome. It is based on a summary of the existing scientific evidence for the role of exposome factors in skin aging. We also identify future research needs which concern knowledge about the interaction of distinct exposomal factors with each other and the resulting net effects on skin aging and suggest some protective measures.
authors.affiliation: IUF - Leibniz Research Institute for Environmental Medicine, Düsseldorf, Germany. Electronic address: Jean.Krutmann@IUF-Duesseldorf.de.
authors.forename: Jean
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Krutmann
authors.affiliation: Vichy Laboratoires Asnières, France.
authors.forename: Anne
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Bouloc
authors.affiliation: L'Oréal Research and Innovation, Chevilly Larue, France.
authors.forename: Gabrielle
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Sore
authors.affiliation: L'Oréal Research and Innovation, Clichy, France.
authors.forename: Bruno A
authors.initials: BA
authors.lastname: Bernard
authors.affiliation: Department of Dermatology, University Hospital Center of Nice, France; INSERM U1065, team 12, C3M, Nice, France.
authors.forename: Thierry
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Passeron
mesh_terms: D003358:Cosmetics / Q000009:adverse effects; D004032:Diet; D004781:Environmental Exposure / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000592:standards; D006358:Hot Temperature / Q000009:adverse effects; D006801:Humans; D012307:Risk Factors; D015595:Skin Aging; D012892:Sleep Deprivation / Q000150:complications; D012907:Smoking / Q000009:adverse effects; D013315:Stress, Psychological / Q000150:complications; D057170:Translational Research, Biomedical
chemical_list: D003358:Cosmetics
keywords: Air pollution; Cosmetic strategies; Infrared radiation; Nutrition; Ultraviolet radiation; Visible light