title: Increased IL-17 and 22 mRNA expression in pediatric patients with otitis media with effusion.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Middle ear effusion has been reported to be associated with immune responses in patients with otitis media with effusion (OME). Although various cytokines are involved in immunologic responses in patients with OME, no study to date has assessed the involvement of the pro-inflammatory cytokines interleukin (IL)-17 and IL-22. This study analyzed the levels of expression of IL-17 and IL-22 in the middle ear effusion of patients with OME.
  
  
  METHODS
  Patients aged <11 years who were diagnosed with chronic OME and underwent ventilation tube insertion from May 2013 to August 2015 were enrolled. Effusion fluid samples were obtained during surgery and levels of IL-17 and IL-22 mRNAs assessed by real-time PCR. IL-17 and IL-22 mRNA levels were compared in patients with effusion fluid positive and negative for bacteria; in patients with and without accompanying diseases, recurrent disease, and re-operation; and relative to fluid characteristics.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The study cohort included 70 pediatric patients, 46 boys and 24 girls, of mean age 4.31 ± 2.11 years. The levels of IL-17 and IL-22 mRNA were higher in patients with than without sinusitis, but only IL-22 mRNA levels differed significantly (p < 0.05). The level of IL-17 mRNA was significantly higher in patients who did than did not undergo T&A (p < 0.05). The level of IL-22 expression was significantly higher in mucoid and purulent middle ear fluid samples than in serous fluid samples (p < 0.05).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  IL-17 and IL-22 mRNAs are involved in the pathophysiology of OME and are significantly higher in subjects with than without accompanying diseases.
authors.affiliation: Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, School of Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, South Korea.
authors.forename: Oh Eun
authors.initials: OE
authors.lastname: Kwon
authors.affiliation: Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, School of Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, South Korea.
authors.forename: Sang Hyun
authors.initials: SH
authors.lastname: Park
authors.affiliation: Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Medical Science and Engineering Research Center for Bioreaction to Reactive Oxygen Species, BK-21, School of Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, 130-701, South Korea.
authors.forename: Sung Su
authors.initials: SS
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.affiliation: Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Samsung Changwon Hospital, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Changwon, South Korea.
authors.forename: Haeng Seon
authors.initials: HS
authors.lastname: Shim
authors.affiliation: Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Samsung Changwon Hospital, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Changwon, South Korea.
authors.forename: Min Gyeong
authors.initials: MG
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.affiliation: Medical Science Research Institute, Kyung Hee University Medical Center, Seoul, South Korea.
authors.forename: Young Il
authors.initials: YI
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.affiliation: Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, School of Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, South Korea.
authors.forename: Sang Hoon
authors.initials: SH
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.affiliation: Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, School of Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, South Korea; Medical Science Research Institute, Kyung Hee University Medical Center, Seoul, South Korea. Electronic address: yeo2park@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Seung Geun
authors.initials: SG
authors.lastname: Yeo
mesh_terms: D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D002908:Chronic Disease; D015331:Cohort Studies; D016207:Cytokines / Q000235:genetics; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D020381:Interleukin-17 / Q000235:genetics* / Q000276:immunology; D007378:Interleukins / Q000235:genetics* / Q000276:immunology; D008297:Male; D008876:Middle Ear Ventilation; D010034:Otitis Media with Effusion / Q000150:complications / Q000235:genetics* / Q000276:immunology / Q000601:surgery; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000378:metabolism*; D060888:Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction; D065631:Rhinitis, Allergic / Q000150:complications / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology; D012852:Sinusitis / Q000150:complications / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology; D000097043:Interleukin-22
chemical_list: D016207:Cytokines; D020381:Interleukin-17; D007378:Interleukins; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D000097043:Interleukin-22
keywords: IL-17; IL-22; Otitis media with effusion (OME)