title: The association between anxiety, hunger, the enjoyment of eating foods and the satiety after food intake in individuals working a night shift compared with after taking a nocturnal sleep: A prospective and observational study.
abstract: Subjective responses to meals are altered by shortened sleep time and anxiety state, but this effect has been poorly studied in shift workers - who act as a typical model concerning sleep restriction and present high levels of anxiety. The objective of this study was to compare subjective perceptions of meals and the levels of anxiety in the same subjects after working night shifts and after taking a nocturnal sleep, and to investigate associations between the responses to meals and the levels of anxiety under these two conditions. The study evaluated 34 male permanent night-shift workers who worked a 12-h shift followed by a 36-h rest period. Evaluations included: sleep pattern (on three days after working night shifts and after sleeping at night); hunger, enjoyment of eating foods and satiety after a meal (evaluated by visual analogue scales on three non-consecutive days after working night shifts and after nocturnal sleeps); and state of anxiety (on a day after working a night shift and a day after a nocturnal sleep). In the days following a night shift, workers had higher mean hunger scores before lunch and higher anxiety scores than when they had slept at night (p = 0.007 and 0.001, respectively). Linear regression indicated that, after a night shift, anxiety scores were negatively associated with hunger before breakfast (p = 0.04) and lunch (p = 0.03), the enjoyment of eating foods (p = 0.03) and the number of meals eaten during the course of the 24 h (p = 0.03). It is concluded that night shifts increase mean hunger and anxiety scores. Anxiety levels seem to interfere with the responses associated with food consumption.
authors.affiliation: Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências da Saúde, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal de Uberlândia, Uberlândia, Brazil.
authors.forename: Ane Andrade
authors.initials: AA
authors.lastname: Santa Cecília Silva
authors.affiliation: Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências da Saúde, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal de Uberlândia, Uberlândia, Brazil.
authors.forename: Tássia do Vale Cardoso
authors.initials: TDVC
authors.lastname: Lopes
authors.affiliation: Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências da Saúde, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal de Uberlândia, Uberlândia, Brazil.
authors.forename: Kely Raspante
authors.initials: KR
authors.lastname: Teixeira
authors.affiliation: Curso de Graduação em Nutrição, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal de Uberlândia, Uberlândia, Brazil.
authors.forename: Jordane Amaral
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Mendes
authors.affiliation: Curso de Graduação em Nutrição, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal de Uberlândia, Uberlândia, Brazil.
authors.forename: Matheus Eduardo
authors.initials: ME
authors.lastname: de Souza Borba
authors.affiliation: Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências da Saúde, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal de Uberlândia, Uberlândia, Brazil.
authors.forename: Maria Carliana
authors.initials: MC
authors.lastname: Mota
authors.affiliation: Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool, United Kingdom.
authors.forename: Jim
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Waterhouse
authors.affiliation: Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências da Saúde, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal de Uberlândia, Uberlândia, Brazil; Curso de Graduação em Nutrição, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal de Uberlândia, Uberlândia, Brazil. Electronic address: cibelecrispim@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Cibele Aparecida
authors.initials: CA
authors.lastname: Crispim
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001007:Anxiety / Q000209:etiology* / Q000523:psychology; D001069:Appetite Regulation; D001938:Brazil; D005247:Feeding Behavior / Q000523:psychology; D006240:Happiness; D006801:Humans; D006815:Hunger; D008297:Male; D062407:Meals / Q000523:psychology; D008875:Middle Aged; D009784:Occupational Diseases / Q000209:etiology / Q000503:physiopathology* / Q000523:psychology; D011446:Prospective Studies; D011569:Psychiatric Status Rating Scales; D012528:Satiety Response; D057566:Self Report; D000073577:Shift Work Schedule / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000523:psychology; D012892:Sleep Deprivation / Q000209:etiology / Q000503:physiopathology* / Q000523:psychology; D014495:Universities; D000078329:Workforce; D055815:Young Adult
keywords: Anxiety; Hunger; Nutrition; Satiety; Shift work; Sleep