title: Quantification of zeaxanthin stereoisomers and lutein in trout flesh using chiral high-performance liquid chromatography-diode array detection.
abstract: In our previous work we identified the presence ofmeso-zeaxanthin [(3R,3'S)-zeaxanthin] in trout flesh and skin (Nolan et al., 2014), but were not able to quantify this carotenoid with the method used at that time. In the present study, we developed a protocol that allows for the quantification of lutein and the three stereoisomers of zeaxanthin [(3R,3'R)-zeaxanthin,meso-zeaxanthin and (3S,3'S)-zeaxanthin] in fish flesh. We tested this protocol in two species of farmed trout (Oncorhynchus mykissandSalmo Trutta), and we detected and quantified these carotenoids. The concentrations of each carotenoid detected (ranging from 1.18 ± 0.68 ng g-1flesh formeso-zeaxanthin to 38.72 ± 15.87 ng g-1flesh for lutein) were highly comparable for the two fish species tested. In conclusion, we report, for the first time, the concentrations of zeaxanthin stereoisomers (includingmeso-zeaxanthin) and lutein in trout flesh. This work adds further to the knowledge on the presence of these carotenoids in the human food chain.
authors.affiliation: Macular Pigment Research Group, Nutrition Research Centre Ireland, School of Health Science, Waterford Institute of Technology, Waterford, Ireland.
authors.forename: Alfonso
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Prado-Cabrero
authors.affiliation: Macular Pigment Research Group, Nutrition Research Centre Ireland, School of Health Science, Waterford Institute of Technology, Waterford, Ireland.
authors.forename: Stephen
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Beatty
authors.affiliation: Macular Pigment Research Group, Nutrition Research Centre Ireland, School of Health Science, Waterford Institute of Technology, Waterford, Ireland.
authors.forename: Jim
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Stack
authors.affiliation: Downing College, University of Cambridge and The Howard Foundation, Cambridge, United Kingdom.
authors.forename: Alan
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Howard
authors.affiliation: Macular Pigment Research Group, Nutrition Research Centre Ireland, School of Health Science, Waterford Institute of Technology, Waterford, Ireland.
authors.forename: John M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Nolan
keywords: (3S,3′S)-zeaxanthin; Carotenoids; Chiral HPLC; Lutein; Meso-zeaxanthin; Trout flesh; Zeaxanthin