title: Methylene blue alleviates experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis by modulating AMPK/SIRT1 signaling pathway and Th17/Treg immune response.
abstract: Methylene blue (MB) is an effective neuroprotectant in many neurological disorders. AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK)/silent mating-type information regulation 2 homolog 1 (SIRT1) plays a crucial role in maintaining inflammatory responses and shows a synergistic effect on cell homeostasis. We investigated the effect of MB on experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE), a classical animal model of multiple sclerosis (MS). MB treatment reduced the clinical scores of EAE significantly and attenuated pathological injuries in spinal cords. Furthermore, the protective effects of MB were related to the activation of AMPK/SIRT1 signaling pathway. In addition, MB treatment alleviated T helper type17 (Th17) responses and increased regulatory T cell (Treg) responses. Our findings suggest that MB could be a promising reagent to treat autoimmune diseases and MS.
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Key Laboratory of Hebei Neurology, Shijiazhuang 050000, Hebei, China.
authors.forename: Jueqiong
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Key Laboratory of Hebei Neurology, Shijiazhuang 050000, Hebei, China.
authors.forename: Congying
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Zhao
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Key Laboratory of Hebei Neurology, Shijiazhuang 050000, Hebei, China.
authors.forename: Peng
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Kong
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Key Laboratory of Hebei Neurology, Shijiazhuang 050000, Hebei, China.
authors.forename: Guanyun
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Bian
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Key Laboratory of Hebei Neurology, Shijiazhuang 050000, Hebei, China.
authors.forename: Zhe
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Sun
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Key Laboratory of Hebei Neurology, Shijiazhuang 050000, Hebei, China.
authors.forename: Yafei
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Sun
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Key Laboratory of Hebei Neurology, Shijiazhuang 050000, Hebei, China. Electronic address: guoli6@163.com.
authors.forename: Li
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Guo
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Key Laboratory of Hebei Neurology, Shijiazhuang 050000, Hebei, China. Electronic address: jack511@163.com.
authors.forename: Bin
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Li
mesh_terms: D055372:AMP-Activated Protein Kinases / Q000378:metabolism*; D000818:Animals; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D004681:Encephalomyelitis, Autoimmune, Experimental / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism*; D005260:Female; D007111:Immunity, Cellular / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000276:immunology; D008751:Methylene Blue / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D051379:Mice; D008810:Mice, Inbred C57BL; D015398:Signal Transduction / Q000187:drug effects / Q000276:immunology; D056564:Sirtuin 1 / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism*; D050378:T-Lymphocytes, Regulatory / Q000187:drug effects / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism*; D058504:Th17 Cells / Q000187:drug effects / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D055372:AMP-Activated Protein Kinases; C470545:Sirt1 protein, mouse; D056564:Sirtuin 1; D008751:Methylene Blue
keywords: AMPK/SIRT1; Experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis; Methylene blue; Multiple sclerosis; Th17; Treg