title: A roadmap of the generation of neoantigens as targets of the immune system in type 1 diabetes.
abstract: Type 1 diabetes (T1D) is an autoimmune disease characterized by the selective destruction of the insulin-producing beta cells. Beta cell dysfunction caused by an inflammatory microenvironment is believed to trigger the peripheral activation of CD4 and CD8 autoreactive T cells. This review will compile post-transcriptional and post-translational modifications (PTM) involved in the generation of beta cell neoantigens and proposes a reconstruction of the sequence of events connecting environmental changes and autoimmunity.
authors.affiliation: Department of Diabetes Immunology, Diabetes and Metabolism Research Institute at the Beckman Research Institute of the City of Hope, Duarte, CA, USA; Department of Immunohematology & Blood Transfusion, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands. Electronic address: broep@coh.org.
authors.forename: Bart O
authors.initials: BO
authors.lastname: Roep
authors.affiliation: Department of Immunohematology & Blood Transfusion, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands; Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Maria Jl
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Kracht
authors.affiliation: Department of Immunohematology & Blood Transfusion, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Menno
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: van Lummel
authors.affiliation: Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Arnaud
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Zaldumbide
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D017951:Antigen Presentation; D001324:Autoantigens / Q000276:immunology*; D015551:Autoimmunity; D003922:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1 / Q000276:immunology*; D059647:Gene-Environment Interaction; D006801:Humans; D007107:Immune System; D007249:Inflammation; D050417:Insulin-Secreting Cells / Q000276:immunology*; D011499:Protein Processing, Post-Translational; D013601:T-Lymphocytes / Q000276:immunology*
chemical_list: D001324:Autoantigens