title: Associations between cardiovascular disease risk factors and IL-6 and hsCRP levels in the elderly.
abstract: Age-related diseases, including cardiovascular diseases (CVD) may be stimulated by microinflammation, marked by increased level of IL-6 and high-sensitivity CRP (hsCRP). We aimed to investigate whether aging "per se" independently contributes to the microinflammation, in addition to traditional and novel CVD risk factors.
  
  
  
  The research sample included 4979 participants from PolSenior Study, aged over 65years. The study consisted of three visits and included questionnaire survey, geriatric assessment and blood/urine sampling in 4101 participants (83.2% of the sample). Serum hsCRP and plasma IL-6 were measured in 4093 (99.8%) and 3895 (95.0%) subjects. Multiple logistic regression showed that advanced age (over 80years), obesity, actual/former smoking, decreased HDL-cholesterol, chronic kidney disease (CKD) and depression were associated with occurrence of increased level of IL-6 (>2.4pg/ml). For hsCRP we found that advanced age, overweight/obesity, decreased HDL-cholesterol, actual/former smoking and CKD were associated with increased level of hsCRP (>3mg/l), while high income and statins treatment were related to lower level of hsCRP.
  
  
  
  Microinflammation in the elderly is not fully explained by traditional and novel CVD risk factors. Active smoking, obesity and low HDL-cholesterol among traditional risk factors, along with CKD, depression and low income among novel risk factors, are the strongest determinants of microinflammation. Also we found that statin therapy decreases hsCRP levels, which indicates a potential role of inflammation in CVD as a target for intervention in the elderly (e.g. statin use).
authors.affiliation: Third Department of Cardiology, Medical University of Silesia, Ziolowa 47, 40-635 Katowice, Poland. Electronic address: pawel24@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Paweł
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Nadrowski
authors.affiliation: Pathophysiology Unit, Department of Pathophysiology, Medical Faculty in Katowice, Medical University of Silesia, Medykow 18, 40-752 Katowice, Poland; Department of Internal Medicine and Oncological Chemotherapy, Medical Faculty in Katowice, Medical University of Silesia, Reymonta 8, 40-027 Katowice, Poland.
authors.forename: Jerzy
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Chudek
authors.affiliation: Department of Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Medical University of Silesia, Piekarska 18, 41-902 Bytom, Poland.
authors.forename: Michał
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Skrzypek
authors.affiliation: Department of Human Epigenetics, Mossakowski Medical Research Centre, Polish Academy of Sciences, Pawinskiego 5, 02-106 Warsaw, Poland; Department of Geriatrics and Gerontology, Medical Centre of Postgraduate Education, Kleczewska 61/63, 01-826 Warsaw, Poland.
authors.forename: Monika
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Puzianowska-Kuźnicka
authors.affiliation: International Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology in Warsaw, Trojdena 4, 02-109 Warsaw, Poland.
authors.forename: Małgorzata
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Mossakowska
authors.affiliation: Department of Nephrology, Transplantation and Internal Medicine, Medical University of Silesia, Francuska 20 -24, 40-027 Katowice, Poland.
authors.forename: Andrzej
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Więcek
authors.affiliation: Department of Prevention and Medical Education, Medical University of Gdansk, Debinki 7, 80-211 Gdansk, Poland.
authors.forename: Tomasz
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Zdrojewski
authors.affiliation: Department of Internal Medicine and Gerontology, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Sniadeckich 10, 31-531 Krakow, Poland.
authors.forename: Tomasz
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Grodzicki
authors.affiliation: Third Department of Cardiology, Medical University of Silesia, Ziolowa 47, 40-635 Katowice, Poland.
authors.forename: Krystyna
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Kozakiewicz
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000097:blood; D002097:C-Reactive Protein / Q000032:analysis*; D002318:Cardiovascular Diseases / Q000097:blood*; D008076:Cholesterol, HDL / Q000097:blood; D005260:Female; D015577:Geriatric Assessment; D006801:Humans; D019161:Hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA Reductase Inhibitors / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D007249:Inflammation / Q000097:blood*; D015850:Interleukin-6 / Q000097:blood*; D016015:Logistic Models; D008297:Male; D015999:Multivariate Analysis; D009765:Obesity / Q000453:epidemiology; D011044:Poland; D012307:Risk Factors; D012907:Smoking / Q000453:epidemiology
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; D008076:Cholesterol, HDL; D019161:Hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA Reductase Inhibitors; C508600:IL6 protein, human; D015850:Interleukin-6; D002097:C-Reactive Protein
keywords: Cardiovascular risk factors; Elderly; Inflammatory markers; Microinflammation