title: Identification and quantification of adulteration in Garcinia cambogia commercial products by chromatographic and spectrometric methods.
abstract: Species of genus Garcinia are rich sources of bioactive constituents with antimicrobial, anticancer, anti-inflammatory, hepatoprotective and anti-HIV activities. Commercial products of Garcinia cambogia are used as anti-obesity drugs with increasing market demand. Because of the high price of its products, it can be adulterated with similar lower-priced species. This study was designed to develop and validate an accurate and efficient method for the detection of any adulteration (G. indica) in G. cambogia products. For this purpose, high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) was used to analyse the ethanolic fruit rind extracts of G. cambogia and G. indica, their formulations of 0.5, 1, 2, 5, 10, 20, 30, 40, 50, 60, 70, 80, 90 and 95% G. indica with G. cambogia, and 11 G. cambogia commercial products. The analytical methods were validated by quality assurance parameters of linearity, sensitivity, precision and accuracy. Two marker peaks were detected in G. indica fruit extract, whereas G. cambogia did not show these peaks. The detected peaks were identified as anthocyanins; cyanidin-3-O-sambubioside and cyanidin-3-O-glucoside. In the study to determine the effect of pH and temperature on the stability of its anthocyanin content, HPLC analysis of G. indica extract showed the highest content at pH 1 and 50°C. Using two different mobile phases, the limits of detection (LOD) for cyanidin-3-O-sambubioside and cyanidin-3-O-glucoside were 0.036 and 0.059, and 0.022 and 0.033 mg kg-1, respectively. Furthermore, the inter-day precision (< 3.2%) confirmed that the applied analytical method fulfils the required criteria of Association of Official Analytical Chemists (AOAC). From this study, it was found that the HPLC method used for the detection of adulteration in G. cambogia products is rapid and accurate.
authors.affiliation: a Department of Food and Nutrition , Chosun University , Gwangju , Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Nargis
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Jamila
authors.affiliation: a Department of Food and Nutrition , Chosun University , Gwangju , Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Ji Yeon
authors.initials: JY
authors.lastname: Choi
authors.affiliation: a Department of Food and Nutrition , Chosun University , Gwangju , Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Joon Ho
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Hong
authors.affiliation: a Department of Food and Nutrition , Chosun University , Gwangju , Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Eun Yeong
authors.initials: EY
authors.lastname: Nho
authors.affiliation: b Department of Chemistry , Kohat University of Science & Technology , Kohat , Pakistan.
authors.forename: Naeem
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Khan
authors.affiliation: c National Institute of Food and Drug Safety Evaluation , Ministry of Food and Drug Safety , Cheongju , Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Cheon Ho
authors.initials: CH
authors.lastname: Jo
authors.affiliation: d School of Food Science and Technology , Chung-Ang University , Anseong , Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Hyang Sook
authors.initials: HS
authors.lastname: Chun
authors.affiliation: a Department of Food and Nutrition , Chosun University , Gwangju , Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Kyong Su
authors.initials: KS
authors.lastname: Kim
mesh_terms: D019440:Anti-Obesity Agents / Q000032:analysis*; D002851:Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; D005506:Food Contamination / Q000032:analysis*; D005638:Fruit / Q000737:chemistry; D029761:Garcinia cambogia / Q000737:chemistry*; D021241:Spectrometry, Mass, Electrospray Ionization
chemical_list: D019440:Anti-Obesity Agents
keywords: G. cambogia; G. indica; cyanidin-3-O-glucoside; cyanidin-3-O-sambubioside; high-performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry