title: Brain and cognitive functions in two groups of naïve HIV patients selected for a different plan of antiretroviral therapy: A qEEG study.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Cortical sources of electroencephalographic (EEG) rhythms were investigated in two sub-populations of naïve HIV subjects, grouped based on clinical criteria to receive different combination anti-retroviral therapies (cARTs). These EEG sources were hypothesized to reflect beneficial effects of both regimes.
  
  
  METHODS
  Eyes-closed resting state EEG data were collected in 19 (Group A) and 39 (Group B) naïve HIV subjects at baseline (i.e. pre-treatment; T0) and after 5months of cART (T5). Compared with the Group A, the Group B was characterized by slightly worse serological parameters and higher cardiovascular risk. At T0, mean viral load (VL) and CD4 count were 87,694copies/ml and 435cells/μl in the Group A and 187,370copies/ml and 331cells/μl in the Group B. The EEG data were also collected in 50 matched control HIV-negative subjects. Cortical EEG sources were assessed by LORETA software.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Compared to the Control Group, the HIV Groups showed lower alpha (8-12Hz) source activity at T0 while the Group B also exhibited higher delta source activity. The treatment partially normalized alpha and delta source activity in the Group A and B, respectively, in association with improved VL, CD4, and cognitive functions.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Different cART regimens induced diverse beneficial effects in delta or alpha source activity in the two naïve HIV Groups.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These sources might unveil different neurophysiological effects of diverse cART on brain function in naïve HIV Groups as a function of clinical status and/or therapeutic compounds.
authors.affiliation: Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Rome "La Sapienza", Rome, Italy; IRCCS S. Raffaele Pisana, Rome, Italy. Electronic address: claudio.babiloni@uniroma1.it.
authors.forename: Claudio
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Babiloni
authors.affiliation: Infectious Diseases, Faculty of Medicine and Psychology, University of Rome "La Sapienza", Rome, Italy.
authors.forename: Alfredo
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Pennica
authors.affiliation: ITAB, University of Chieti, Chieti, Italy.
authors.forename: Paolo
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Capotosto
authors.affiliation: Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Rome "La Sapienza", Rome, Italy; IRCCS S. Raffaele Pisana, Rome, Italy.
authors.forename: Paolo
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Onorati
authors.affiliation: IRCCS S. Raffaele Pisana, Rome, Italy.
authors.forename: Chiara
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Muratori
authors.affiliation: Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine and Psychology, University of Rome "La Sapienza", Rome, Italy.
authors.forename: Stefano
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Ferracuti
authors.affiliation: Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine and Psychology, University of Rome "La Sapienza", Rome, Italy.
authors.forename: Paolo
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Roma
authors.affiliation: Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine and Psychology, University of Rome "La Sapienza", Rome, Italy.
authors.forename: Valentina
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Correr
authors.affiliation: Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine and Psychology, University of Rome "La Sapienza", Rome, Italy.
authors.forename: Elisa
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Piccinni
authors.affiliation: IRCCS SDN, Naples, Italy.
authors.forename: Giuseppe
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Noce
authors.affiliation: IRCCS SDN, Naples, Italy.
authors.forename: Claudio
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Del Percio
authors.affiliation: Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Rome "La Sapienza", Rome, Italy.
authors.forename: Susanna
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Cordone
authors.affiliation: Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Rome "La Sapienza", Rome, Italy.
authors.forename: Cristina
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Limatola
authors.affiliation: IRCCS SDN, Naples, Italy; Department of Motor Sciences and Healthiness, University of Naples Parthenope, Naples, Italy.
authors.forename: Andrea
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Soricelli
authors.affiliation: Infectious Diseases, Faculty of Medicine and Psychology, University of Rome "La Sapienza", Rome, Italy.
authors.forename: Francesco
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Di Campli
authors.affiliation: Infectious Diseases, Faculty of Medicine and Psychology, University of Rome "La Sapienza", Rome, Italy.
authors.forename: Laura
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Gianserra
authors.affiliation: Infectious Diseases, Faculty of Medicine and Psychology, University of Rome "La Sapienza", Rome, Italy.
authors.forename: Lorenzo
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Ciullini
authors.affiliation: Infectious Diseases, Faculty of Medicine and Psychology, University of Rome "La Sapienza", Rome, Italy.
authors.forename: Antonio
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Aceti
authors.affiliation: Clinical Infectious Diseases, University of Rome "Tor Vergata", Rome, Italy.
authors.forename: Magdalena
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Viscione
authors.affiliation: Clinical Infectious Diseases, University of Rome "Tor Vergata", Rome, Italy.
authors.forename: Elisabetta
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Teti
authors.affiliation: Clinical Infectious Diseases, University of Rome "Tor Vergata", Rome, Italy.
authors.forename: Loredana
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Sarmati
authors.affiliation: Clinical Infectious Diseases, University of Rome "Tor Vergata", Rome, Italy.
authors.forename: Massimo
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Andreoni
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D044966:Anti-Retroviral Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage; D023241:Antiretroviral Therapy, Highly Active / Q000379:methods*; D001921:Brain / Q000187:drug effects / Q000503:physiopathology*; D003071:Cognition / Q000502:physiology*; D004569:Electroencephalography / Q000187:drug effects / Q000379:methods*; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D015658:HIV Infections / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000503:physiopathology*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male
chemical_list: D044966:Anti-Retroviral Agents
keywords: Alpha and delta rhythms; Antiretroviral therapy (cART); CD4 counts; Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV); LORETA; Resting-state electroencephalography (EEG)