title: Effect of consumption of a carob pod inositol-enriched beverage on insulin sensitivity and inflammation in middle-aged prediabetic subjects.
abstract: This study assessed the effects of an inositol-enriched beverage (IEB) on blood glucose levels and inflammation status in subjects with an impaired fasting glucose (IFG) state according to body mass index (BMI). This was a 12 week, double-blind, randomized, controlled trial employing forty-four IFG subjects (fasting glucose levels 100-125 mg dl-1) that were divided into two intervention groups: one receiving a IEB (n = 24) containing mainly pinitol (2.0 g twice a day), and the other a sweetened beverage based on sucrose (SB; n = 20). Anthropometric and biochemical measurements, postprandial and fasting nocturnal glycaemia (continuous glucose monitoring system), and inflammatory parameters (IL-6 and TNF-α) were analyzed at baseline and after intervention according to BMI (non-obese: BMI < 30 kg m-2or obese: BMI ≥ 30 kg m-2). Non-obese subjects who consumed IEB exhibited a significant decrease in insulin (-14.4%), HOMA-IR index (-15.1%) and percentage of glucose change after postprandial and fasting nocturnal periods (-10.0% and -10.3%, respectively) compared with the SB group (-2.35% and 10.2%, respectively) although they did not show any change in inflammatory cytokine levels. By contrast, obese subjects who consumed IEB showed a smaller variation in glucose levels after nocturnal fasting (-4.34%) and a marked decrease in IL-6 and TNF-α (p < 0.05). These findings support that consumption of IEB in prediabetic subjects produces a response that is dependent on BMI, with a clear improvement of insulin resistance and postprandial and nocturnal glycemia in non-obese subjects and a marked anti-inflammatory response in obese subjects.
authors.affiliation: Service of Endocrinology, University Hospital Dr. Peset, Foundation for the Promotion of Health and Biomedical Research in the Valencian Region (FISABIO), Avda. Gaspar Aguilar 90, 46017, Valencia, Spain. celia.banuls@uv.es milagros.rocha@uv.es hernandez_antmij@gva.es and Institute of Health Research INCLIVA, Av Blasco Ibáñez 17, 46010 Valencia, Spain.
authors.forename: Celia
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Bañuls
authors.affiliation: Service of Endocrinology, University Hospital Dr. Peset, Foundation for the Promotion of Health and Biomedical Research in the Valencian Region (FISABIO), Avda. Gaspar Aguilar 90, 46017, Valencia, Spain. celia.banuls@uv.es milagros.rocha@uv.es hernandez_antmij@gva.es and Institute of Health Research INCLIVA, Av Blasco Ibáñez 17, 46010 Valencia, Spain.
authors.forename: Susana
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Rovira-Llopis
authors.affiliation: Service of Endocrinology, University Hospital Dr. Peset, Foundation for the Promotion of Health and Biomedical Research in the Valencian Region (FISABIO), Avda. Gaspar Aguilar 90, 46017, Valencia, Spain. celia.banuls@uv.es milagros.rocha@uv.es hernandez_antmij@gva.es.
authors.forename: Sandra
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: López-Doménech
authors.affiliation: Service of Endocrinology, University Hospital Dr. Peset, Foundation for the Promotion of Health and Biomedical Research in the Valencian Region (FISABIO), Avda. Gaspar Aguilar 90, 46017, Valencia, Spain. celia.banuls@uv.es milagros.rocha@uv.es hernandez_antmij@gva.es.
authors.forename: Silvia
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Veses
authors.affiliation: Service of Endocrinology, University Hospital Dr. Peset, Foundation for the Promotion of Health and Biomedical Research in the Valencian Region (FISABIO), Avda. Gaspar Aguilar 90, 46017, Valencia, Spain. celia.banuls@uv.es milagros.rocha@uv.es hernandez_antmij@gva.es and Institute of Health Research INCLIVA, Av Blasco Ibáñez 17, 46010 Valencia, Spain and CIBER CB06/04/0071 research group, CIBER Hepatic and Digestive Diseases, University of Valencia, Av Blasco Ibáñez 13, 46010 Valencia, Spain and Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Valencia, Av Blasco Ibáñez 13, 46010 Valencia, Spain.
authors.forename: Víctor M
authors.initials: VM
authors.lastname: Víctor
authors.affiliation: Service of Endocrinology, University Hospital Dr. Peset, Foundation for the Promotion of Health and Biomedical Research in the Valencian Region (FISABIO), Avda. Gaspar Aguilar 90, 46017, Valencia, Spain. celia.banuls@uv.es milagros.rocha@uv.es hernandez_antmij@gva.es and Institute of Health Research INCLIVA, Av Blasco Ibáñez 17, 46010 Valencia, Spain and CIBER CB06/04/0071 research group, CIBER Hepatic and Digestive Diseases, University of Valencia, Av Blasco Ibáñez 13, 46010 Valencia, Spain.
authors.forename: Milagros
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Rocha
authors.affiliation: Service of Endocrinology, University Hospital Dr. Peset, Foundation for the Promotion of Health and Biomedical Research in the Valencian Region (FISABIO), Avda. Gaspar Aguilar 90, 46017, Valencia, Spain. celia.banuls@uv.es milagros.rocha@uv.es hernandez_antmij@gva.es and Institute of Health Research INCLIVA, Av Blasco Ibáñez 17, 46010 Valencia, Spain and Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Valencia, Av Blasco Ibáñez 13, 46010 Valencia, Spain.
authors.forename: Antonio
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Hernández-Mijares
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D001628:Beverages; D004311:Double-Blind Method; D005260:Female; D005685:Galactans / Q000737:chemistry*; D006442:Glycated Hemoglobin; D006801:Humans; D007249:Inflammation / Q000188:drug therapy*; D007294:Inositol / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology*; D007333:Insulin Resistance; D008297:Male; D008351:Mannans / Q000737:chemistry*; D008875:Middle Aged; D053149:Plant Gums / Q000737:chemistry*; D011236:Prediabetic State
chemical_list: D005685:Galactans; D006442:Glycated Hemoglobin; D007294:Inositol; D008351:Mannans; D053149:Plant Gums; C017471:locust bean gum