title: Quantification ofPorphyromonas gingivalisin chronic periodontitis patients associated with diabetes mellitus using real-time polymerase chain reaction.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Periodontal diseases, if left untreated, can lead to tooth loss and affect at least one tooth in 80% of adults worldwide, with the main cause being a bacterial plaque. Among subgingival plaque bacterial species,Porphyromonas gingivalishas been implicated as a major etiological agent causing tooth loss. Diabetics and smokers are two patient groups at high risk for periodontal disease. The increase in the number of this organism with the coexistence of other pathogenic microbes leads to rapid destruction of the periodontium, premature loss of teeth and also because of its virulence has implications in systemic pathology. Our aim was to observe the involvement ofP. gingivalisin diabetes mellitus (DM) patients associated with periodontitis with and without tobacco-associated habits and to compare them with periodontitis patients having no other systemic pathologies.
  
  
  METHODS
  Subgingival plaque samples from a total of seventy subjects were included in the study. DNA was isolated from the collected sample and was quantified using spectrophotometer for standardizing the polymerase chain reaction. The quantity of the isolated DNA was checked in a ultraviolet-visible spectrophotomer.
  
  
  METHODS
  One-way ANOVA and Tukey's multiplepost hocprocedures were carried out.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The maximum score ofP. gingivaliswas seen in periodontitis patients having DM, whereas the least score was seen in periodontitis patients having DM with tobacco smoking habit compared to the other groups.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  P. gingivaliscount is significantly reduced in periodontitis patients having DM with smoking habit; it is concluded thatP. gingivalismight not be a key causative organism responsible for the periodontal destruction in case of smokers despite the DM condition. The decrease in counts may be attributed to change in the local environment like chemical (tobacco nitrosamines) and physical changes preventing the growth ofP. gingivalis.
authors.affiliation: Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology, Krishnadevaraya College of Dental Sciences, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India.
authors.forename: G V
authors.initials: GV
authors.lastname: Padmalatha
authors.affiliation: Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology, Krishnadevaraya College of Dental Sciences, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India.
authors.forename: Radhika M
authors.initials: RM
authors.lastname: Bavle
authors.affiliation: Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology, Krishnadevaraya College of Dental Sciences, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India.
authors.forename: Gadavalli Vera Venkata
authors.initials: GV
authors.lastname: Satyakiran
authors.affiliation: Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology, Krishnadevaraya College of Dental Sciences, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India.
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Paremala
authors.affiliation: Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology, Krishnadevaraya College of Dental Sciences, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Sudhakara
authors.affiliation: Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology, Krishnadevaraya College of Dental Sciences, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India.
authors.forename: Soumya
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Makarla
keywords: Chronic periodontitis; Porphyromonas gingivalis; diabetes mellitus; smokers