title: Changing head model extent affects finite element predictions of transcranial direct current stimulation distributions.
abstract: In this study, we determined efficient head model sizes relative to predicted current densities in transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS).
  
  
  
  Efficiency measures were defined based on a finite element (FE) simulations performed using nine human head models derived from a single MRI data set, having extents varying from 60%-100% of the original axial range. Eleven tissue types, including anisotropic white matter, and three electrode montages (T7-T8, F3-right supraorbital, Cz-Oz) were used in the models.
  
  
  
  Reducing head volume extent from 100% to 60%, that is, varying the model's axial range from between the apex and C3 vertebra to one encompassing only apex to the superior cerebellum, was found to decrease the total modeling time by up to half. Differences between current density predictions in each model were quantified by using a relative difference measure (RDM). Our simulation results showed that [Formula: see text] was the least affected (a maximum of 10% error) for head volumes modeled from the apex to the base of the skull (60%-75% volume).
  
  
  
  This finding suggested that the bone could act as a bioelectricity boundary and thus performing FE simulations of tDCS on the human head with models extending beyond the inferior skull may not be necessary in most cases to obtain reasonable precision in current density results.
authors.affiliation: School of Biological and Health Systems Engineering, Arizona State University, Box 879709, Tempe AZ, USA.
authors.forename: Aprinda
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Indahlastari
authors.forename: Munish
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Chauhan
authors.forename: Benjamin
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Schwartz
authors.forename: Rosalind J
authors.initials: RJ
authors.lastname: Sadleir
mesh_terms: D000465:Algorithms; D016880:Anisotropy; D001842:Bone and Bones / Q000502:physiology; D002531:Cerebellum / Q000033:anatomy & histology / Q000502:physiology; D004553:Electric Conductivity; D004566:Electrodes; D020342:Finite Element Analysis; D005544:Forecasting; D066128:Gray Matter / Q000033:anatomy & histology / Q000502:physiology; D006257:Head / Q000033:anatomy & histology*; D006801:Humans; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging; D008953:Models, Anatomic; D012886:Skull / Q000502:physiology; D065908:Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation / Q000379:methods*; D066127:White Matter / Q000033:anatomy & histology