title: Relationship between Metabolic Syndrome Components and Periodontal Disease in a Japanese General Population: the Suita Study.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  A positive association between metabolic syndrome (MetS) and periodontal status has recently been noted. However, no study has evaluated the relationship by sex and in a general urban population using the uniform definition proposed in the 2009 Joint Interim Statement. The aim of this study was to clarify the relationship between MetS and periodontal status using the uniform definition in a general urban Japanese population.
  
  
  METHODS
  A total of 1,856 Japanese men and women (mean age: 66.4 years) were studied using data from the Suita study. Periodontal status was evaluated by the Community Periodontal Index (CPI). MetS was defined using the 2009 Joint Interim Statement. The associations of the MetS and its components with periodontal disease were investigated using multiple logistic regression analysis adjusting for age, drinking, and smoking.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Among the components of the MetS, low HDL cholesterol level was significantly associated with periodontal disease in men and women [odds ratios (OR)=2.39 and 1.53; 95% confidence intervals=1.36-4.19 and 1.06-2.19]. Furthermore, the risk of periodontal disease showed 1.43-, 1.42-, and 1.89-fold increases in those with 2, 3, and ≥4 components, respectively, compared with those having no components (Ptrend＜0.001). For the analysis by sex, the risk of periodontal disease was increased 2.27- and 1.76-fold in those with ≥4 components in men and women, respectively (both Ptrend=0.001).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These findings suggest that MetS and lower HDL cholesterol are associated with periodontal disease. Subjects with two or more MetS components had a significantly higher prevalence of periodontal disease.
authors.affiliation: Department of Prosthodontics, Gerodontology and Oral Rehabilitation, Osaka University Graduate School of Dentistry.
authors.forename: Miki
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kikui
authors.affiliation: Department of Preventive Cardiology, National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center.
authors.forename: Yoshihiro
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Kokubo
authors.affiliation: Department of Prosthodontics, Gerodontology and Oral Rehabilitation, Osaka University Graduate School of Dentistry.|Division of Comprehensive Prosthodontics, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences.
authors.forename: Takahiro
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Ono
authors.affiliation: Department of Prosthodontics, Gerodontology and Oral Rehabilitation, Osaka University Graduate School of Dentistry.
authors.forename: Momoyo
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kida
authors.affiliation: Department of Prosthodontics, Gerodontology and Oral Rehabilitation, Osaka University Graduate School of Dentistry.
authors.forename: Takayuki
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Kosaka
authors.affiliation: Department of Prosthodontics, Gerodontology and Oral Rehabilitation, Osaka University Graduate School of Dentistry.
authors.forename: Masaaki
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Yamamoto
authors.affiliation: Department of Preventive Cardiology, National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center.
authors.forename: Makoto
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Watanabe
authors.affiliation: Department of Prosthodontics, Gerodontology and Oral Rehabilitation, Osaka University Graduate School of Dentistry.
authors.forename: Yoshinobu
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Maeda
authors.affiliation: Department of Preventive Cardiology, National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center.
authors.forename: Yoshihiro
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Miyamoto
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000428:Alcohol Drinking / Q000453:epidemiology*; D015992:Body Mass Index; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007564:Japan / Q000453:epidemiology; D008297:Male; D024821:Metabolic Syndrome / Q000150:complications* / Q000453:epidemiology; D010510:Periodontal Diseases / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000209:etiology*; D015995:Prevalence; D012307:Risk Factors; D012907:Smoking / Q000453:epidemiology*
keywords: Cross-sectional study; Low HDL cholesterol; Metabolic syndrome; Periodontal disease; Suita study