title: Transformation of mackinawite to greigite by trichloroethylene and tetrachloroethylene.
abstract: Trichloroethylene (TCE) and tetrachloroethylene (PCE) are common ground water contaminants susceptible to reductive dechlorination by FeS (mackinawite) in anaerobic environments. The objective of this study was to characterize the mineral-associated products that form when mackinawite reacts with TCE and PCE. The dissolved products of the reaction included Cl-and Fe2+, and trace amounts of cis 1,2-dichloroethylene (for TCE) and TCE (for PCE). Selected area electron diffraction (SAED) analysis identified greigite as a mackinawite oxidation product formed after reaction between TCE or PCE and FeS over seven weeks. Release of Fe2+is consistent with the solid state transformation of mackinawite to greigite, resulting in depletion of the solid with Fe. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy of the sulfur 2p peak showed a shift to a higher binding energy after FeS reacted with TCE or PCE, also observed in other studies of mackinawite oxidation to greigite. The results may help efforts to maintain the reactivity of FeS generated to remediate chlorinated aliphatic contaminants in ground water.
authors.affiliation: School of Civil Engineering and Environmental Science, University of Oklahoma, Norman, Oklahoma 73019, USA. ecbutler@ou.edu.
authors.forename: Ying
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Lan
authors.affiliation: School of Geology and Geophysics, University of Oklahoma, Norman, Oklahoma 73019, USA.
authors.forename: Andrew S
authors.initials: AS
authors.lastname: Elwood Madden
authors.affiliation: School of Civil Engineering and Environmental Science, University of Oklahoma, Norman, Oklahoma 73019, USA. ecbutler@ou.edu.
authors.forename: Elizabeth C
authors.initials: EC
authors.lastname: Butler
mesh_terms: D004000:Dichloroethylenes / Q000737:chemistry; D052918:Environmental Restoration and Remediation; D005296:Ferrous Compounds / Q000737:chemistry*; D007501:Iron / Q000737:chemistry*; D010084:Oxidation-Reduction; D013440:Sulfides / Q000737:chemistry*; D013750:Tetrachloroethylene / Q000737:chemistry*; D014241:Trichloroethylene / Q000737:chemistry*; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical / Q000737:chemistry*
chemical_list: D004000:Dichloroethylenes; D005296:Ferrous Compounds; D013440:Sulfides; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical; C111959:greigite; D014241:Trichloroethylene; D007501:Iron; C022597:ferrous sulfide; D013750:Tetrachloroethylene; C035384:1,2-dichloroethylene