title: Community-Based Surveillance to Monitor Mortality in a Malaria-Endemic and Ebola-Epidemic Setting in Rural Guinea.
abstract: Multiple community-based approaches can aid in quantifying mortality in the absence of reliable health facility data. Community-based sentinel site surveillance that was used to document mortality and the systems utility for outbreak detection was evaluated. We retrospectively analyzed data from 46 sentinel sites in three sous-préfectures with a reinforced malaria control program and one sous-préfecture without (Koundou) in Guinea. Deaths were recorded by key informants and classified as due to malaria or another cause. Malaria deaths were those reported as due to malaria or fever in the 3 days before death with no other known cause. Suspect Ebola virus disease (sEVD) deaths were those due to select symptoms in the EVD case definition. Deaths were aggregated by sous-préfecture and analyzed by a 6-month period. A total of 43,000 individuals were monitored by the surveillance system; 1,242 deaths were reported from July 2011-June 2014, of which 55.2% (N = 686) were reported as due to malaria. Malaria-attributable proportional mortality decreased by 26.5% (95% confidence interval [CI] = 13.9-33.1, P < 0.001) in the program area and by 6.6% (95% CI = -17.3-30.5, P = 0.589) in Koundou. Sixty-eight deaths were classified as sEVD and increased by 6.1% (95% CI = 1.3-10.8, P = 0.021). Seventeen sEVD deaths were reported from November 2013 to March 2014 including the first two laboratory-confirmed EVD deaths. Community surveillance can capture information on mortality in areas where data collection is weak, but determining causes of death remains challenging. It can also be useful for outbreak detection if timeliness of data collection and reporting facilitate real-time data analysis.
authors.affiliation: Epicentre, Geneva, Switzerland. amanda.tiffany@geneva.msf.org.
authors.forename: Amanda
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Tiffany
authors.affiliation: Médecins sans Frontières, Guéckédou, Guinea.
authors.forename: Faya Pascal
authors.initials: FP
authors.lastname: Moundekeno
authors.affiliation: Direction Préfectorale de la Santé, Guéckédou, Guinea.
authors.forename: Alexis
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Traoré
authors.affiliation: Médecins sans Frontières, Conakry, Guinea.
authors.forename: Melat
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Haile
authors.affiliation: Médecins sans Frontières, Geneva, Switzerland.
authors.forename: Esther
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Sterk
authors.affiliation: National Malaria Control Program, Conakry, Guinea.
authors.forename: Timothé
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Guilavogui
authors.affiliation: Médecins sans Frontières, Geneva, Switzerland.
authors.forename: Micaela
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Serafini
authors.affiliation: Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland.|Infectious Disease Service, University Hospital, Lausanne, Switzerland.|Department of Ambulatory Care, University Hospital, Lausanne, Switzerland.
authors.forename: Blaise
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Genton
authors.affiliation: Epicentre, Paris, France.
authors.forename: Rebecca F
authors.initials: RF
authors.lastname: Grais
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D019058:Community Networks; D019353:Endemic Diseases; D058872:Epidemics; D005260:Female; D016701:Guinea / Q000453:epidemiology; D019142:Hemorrhagic Fever, Ebola / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000401:mortality*; D006801:Humans; D008288:Malaria / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000401:mortality*; D008297:Male; D010342:Patient Acceptance of Health Care; D011159:Population Surveillance / Q000379:methods*; D012424:Rural Population; D055815:Young Adult