title: CMOS biosensors for in vitro diagnosis - transducing mechanisms and applications.
abstract: Complementary metal oxide semiconductor (CMOS) technology enables low-cost and large-scale integration of transistors and physical sensing materials on tiny chips (e.g., <1 cm2), seamlessly combining the two key functions of biosensors: transducing and signal processing. Recent CMOS biosensors unified different transducing mechanisms (impedance, fluorescence, and nuclear spin) and readout electronics have demonstrated competitive sensitivity for in vitro diagnosis, such as detection of DNA (down to 10 aM), protein (down to 10 fM), or bacteria/cells (single cell). Herein, we detail the recent advances in CMOS biosensors, centering on their key principles, requisites, and applications. Together, these may contribute to the advancement of our healthcare system, which should be decentralized by broadly utilizing point-of-care diagnostic tools.
authors.affiliation: State-Key Laboratory of Analog and Mixed-Signal VLSI, University of Macau, China. pimak@umac.mo and Faculty of Science and Technology, Dept. of ECE, University of Macau, China.
authors.forename: Ka-Meng
authors.initials: KM
authors.lastname: Lei
authors.affiliation: State-Key Laboratory of Analog and Mixed-Signal VLSI, University of Macau, China. pimak@umac.mo and Faculty of Science and Technology, Dept. of ECE, University of Macau, China.
authors.forename: Pui-In
authors.initials: PI
authors.lastname: Mak
authors.affiliation: State-Key Laboratory of Analog and Mixed-Signal VLSI, University of Macau, China. pimak@umac.mo.
authors.forename: Man-Kay
authors.initials: MK
authors.lastname: Law
authors.affiliation: State-Key Laboratory of Analog and Mixed-Signal VLSI, University of Macau, China. pimak@umac.mo and Faculty of Science and Technology, Dept. of ECE, University of Macau, China and On leave from Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Portugal.
authors.forename: Rui P
authors.initials: RP
authors.lastname: Martins
mesh_terms: D015374:Biosensing Techniques / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods*; D008670:Metals / Q000737:chemistry*; D010087:Oxides / Q000737:chemistry*; D012666:Semiconductors; D014159:Transducers
chemical_list: D008670:Metals; D010087:Oxides