title: Biosynthesis of nanoparticles of metals and metalloids by basidiomycetes. Preparation of gold nanoparticles by using purified fungal phenol oxidases.
abstract: The work shows the ability of cultured Basidiomycetes of different taxonomic groups-Lentinus edodes, Pleurotus ostreatus, Ganoderma lucidum, and Grifola frondosa-to recover gold, silver, selenium, and silicon, to elemental state with nanoparticles formation. It examines the effect of these metal and metalloid compounds on the parameters of growth and accumulation of biomass; the optimal cultivation conditions and concentrations of the studied ion-containing compounds for recovery of nanoparticles have been identified. Using the techniques of transmission electron microscopy, dynamic light scattering, X-ray fluorescence and X-ray phase analysis, the degrees of oxidation of the bioreduced elements, the ζ-potential of colloidal solutions uniformity, size, shape, and location of the nanoparticles in the culture fluid, as well as on the surface and the inside of filamentous hyphae have been determined. The study has found the part played by homogeneous chromatographically pure fungal phenol-oxidizing enzymes (laccases, tyrosinases, and Mn-peroxidases) in the recovery mechanism with formation of electrostatically stabilized colloidal solutions. A hypothetical mechanism of gold(III) reduction from HAuCl4to gold(0) by phenol oxidases with gold nanoparticles formation of different shapes and sizes has been introduced.
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Microbiology, Institute of Biochemistry and Physiology of Plants and Microorganisms, Russian Academy of Sciences, 13 Prospekt Entuziastov, Saratov, 410049, Russia. elenavetrus@yandex.ru.
authors.forename: Elena P
authors.initials: EP
authors.lastname: Vetchinkina
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Microbiology, Institute of Biochemistry and Physiology of Plants and Microorganisms, Russian Academy of Sciences, 13 Prospekt Entuziastov, Saratov, 410049, Russia.
authors.forename: Ekaterina A
authors.initials: EA
authors.lastname: Loshchinina
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Biology, Department of General Ecology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Building 1, 12 Leninskie Gory, Moscow, 119991, Russia.
authors.forename: Ilya R
authors.initials: IR
authors.lastname: Vodolazov
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Microbiology, Institute of Biochemistry and Physiology of Plants and Microorganisms, Russian Academy of Sciences, 13 Prospekt Entuziastov, Saratov, 410049, Russia.
authors.forename: Viktor F
authors.initials: VF
authors.lastname: Kursky
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Microbiology, Institute of Biochemistry and Physiology of Plants and Microorganisms, Russian Academy of Sciences, 13 Prospekt Entuziastov, Saratov, 410049, Russia.
authors.forename: Lev A
authors.initials: LA
authors.lastname: Dykman
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Microbiology, Institute of Biochemistry and Physiology of Plants and Microorganisms, Russian Academy of Sciences, 13 Prospekt Entuziastov, Saratov, 410049, Russia.
authors.forename: Valentina E
authors.initials: VE
authors.lastname: Nikitina
mesh_terms: D001487:Basidiomycota / Q000254:growth & development / Q000378:metabolism*; D018533:Biomass; D006046:Gold; D025301:Hyphae / Q000378:metabolism / Q000648:ultrastructure; D042845:Laccase / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000378:metabolism; D053768:Metal Nanoparticles / Q000737:chemistry; D058955:Metalloids; D046529:Microscopy, Electron, Transmission; D014442:Monophenol Monooxygenase / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000378:metabolism; D010084:Oxidation-Reduction; D010088:Oxidoreductases / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000378:metabolism*; D010316:Particle Size; D010544:Peroxidases / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000378:metabolism; D010636:Phenols / Q000378:metabolism*; D018036:Selenium Compounds; D012834:Silver
chemical_list: D058955:Metalloids; D010636:Phenols; D018036:Selenium Compounds; D012834:Silver; D006046:Gold; D010088:Oxidoreductases; D042845:Laccase; D010544:Peroxidases; D014442:Monophenol Monooxygenase
keywords: Biological synthesis; Chromatographically pure phenol-oxidizing enzymes; Metalloids; Metals; Nanoparticles; Xylotrophic basidiomycetes