title: B-1 cell decreases susceptibility to encephalitozoonosis in mice.
abstract: Encephalitozoon cuniculi is an opportunist intracellular pathogen of mammals. The adaptive immune response is essential to eliminate E. cuniculi, but evidence is mounting that the response initiated by the innate immune response may ultimately define whether or not the parasite can survive. B-1 cells may act as antigen-presenting cells or differentiate into phagocytes, playing different roles in many infection models. However, the role of these cells in the dynamics of Encephalitozoon sp. infections is still unknown. To investigate the role of B-1 cells in E. cuniculi infection, BALB/c and BALB/c XID (B-1 cells deficient) mice were infected with E. cuniculi spores. Cytometric analyses of peritoneal cells showed that B-1 cells and macrophages increased significantly in infected BALB/c mice compared to uninfected controls. Despite the increase in the number of CD4+and CD8+lymphocytes in XID mice, these animals were more susceptible to infection as evidenced histologically with more prominent inflammatory lesions and parasite burden. Pro-inflammatory cytokines increased in both infected BALB/c and BALB/c XID mice. To confirm B-1 cells role in encephalitozoonosis, we adoptively transferred B-1 cells to BALB/c XID mice and this group showed few symptoms and microscopic lesions, associated with an increased in cytokines. Together, these results suggest that B-1 cells may increase the resistance of BALB/c mice to encephalitozoonosis, evidencing for the first time the important role of B-1 lymphocytes in the control of microsporidia infection.
authors.affiliation: Environmental and Experimental Pathology, Paulista University (UNIP), Rua Dr. Bacelar 1212, 4th Floor, 04026-002, São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
authors.forename: Lidiana Flora Vidoto
authors.initials: LFV
authors.lastname: da Costa
authors.affiliation: Environmental and Experimental Pathology, Paulista University (UNIP), Rua Dr. Bacelar 1212, 4th Floor, 04026-002, São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
authors.forename: Anuska Marcelino
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Alvares-Saraiva
authors.affiliation: Environmental and Experimental Pathology, Paulista University (UNIP), Rua Dr. Bacelar 1212, 4th Floor, 04026-002, São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
authors.forename: Paulo Ricardo
authors.initials: PR
authors.lastname: Dell'Armelina Rocha
authors.affiliation: Physiopathology Department, Butantan Institute, Rua Vital Brasil 1500, 05503-900, São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
authors.forename: Diva Denelle
authors.initials: DD
authors.lastname: Spadacci-Morena
authors.affiliation: Environmental and Experimental Pathology, Paulista University (UNIP), Rua Dr. Bacelar 1212, 4th Floor, 04026-002, São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
authors.forename: Elizabeth Cristina
authors.initials: EC
authors.lastname: Perez
authors.affiliation: Environmental and Experimental Pathology, Paulista University (UNIP), Rua Dr. Bacelar 1212, 4th Floor, 04026-002, São Paulo, SP, Brazil; Microbiology, Immunology and Parasitology Department, Federal University, Rua Sena Madureira 1500, 04021-001, São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
authors.forename: Mario
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Mariano
authors.affiliation: Environmental and Experimental Pathology, Paulista University (UNIP), Rua Dr. Bacelar 1212, 4th Floor, 04026-002, São Paulo, SP, Brazil. Electronic address: anetelallo@hotmail.com.
authors.forename: Maria Anete
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Lallo
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000938:Antigen-Presenting Cells / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism; D016175:B-Lymphocyte Subsets / Q000276:immunology* / Q000378:metabolism*; D016207:Cytokines / Q000378:metabolism; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D004198:Disease Susceptibility; D009670:Encephalitozoon cuniculi / Q000276:immunology; D016890:Encephalitozoonosis / Q000276:immunology* / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000382:microbiology / Q000473:pathology; D005260:Female; D054884:Host-Pathogen Interactions / Q000276:immunology*; D018655:Lymphocyte Count; D008264:Macrophages / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism; D051379:Mice; D016176:T-Lymphocyte Subsets / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D016207:Cytokines
keywords: B-1 cell; Encephalitozoon cuniculi; Macrophage; XID mice