title: Physiological and biochemical effects of nickel on rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) tissues: Assessment of nuclear factor kappa B activation, oxidative stress and histopathological changes.
abstract: We investigated changes in nuclear factor kappa B (NFkB) activity, antioxidant responses and histopathological effects in the liver, gill and kidney tissues of rainbow trout exposed to nickel chloride (Ni). Two different concentrations (1 mg/L and 2 mg/L) were administrated to fish for 21 days. Tissues were taken from all fish for NFkB activity, histopathological examination and determination of superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT) enzyme activity and of lipid peroxidation (LPO), and glutathione (GSH) levels. The findings of this study indicated that Ni exposure led to a significant increase in LPO indicating peroxidative damage and antioxidant enzymes SOD and CAT activity in tissues (p < 0.05), but 2 mg/Ni concentration caused a significant decrease in CAT activity in kidney tissues (p < 0.05). One of mechanism in the antioxidant defense system seems to be GSH, which increased in gill and kidney tissues of fish exposed to Ni (p < 0.05). NFkB immunopositivity was detected in all tissues. Ni exposure caused lamellar thickening, cellular infiltration in gill tissues, hydropic degeneration of hepatocytes in liver tissues, hyalinous accumulation within the glomeruli and tubular degeneration in kidney tissues. Our results suggested that Ni toxicity may disturb the biochemical and physiological functions of fish by causing changes in NFkB activity and oxidative and histopathological damage in the tissues of rainbow trout. This study can provide useful information for understanding of Ni-induced toxicity.
authors.affiliation: Department of Basic Sciences, Faculty of Fisheries, Ataturk University, TR-25240, Erzurum, Turkey. Electronic address: drahmettopal@hotmail.com.
authors.forename: Ahmet
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Topal
authors.affiliation: Department of Aquaculture, Faculty of Fisheries, Ataturk University, TR-25240, Erzurum, Turkey.
authors.forename: Muhammed
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Atamanalp
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary, Ataturk University, TR-25240, Erzurum, Turkey; Department of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary, Kyrgyz-Turkish Manas University, Bishkek, Kyrgyzstan.
authors.forename: Ertan
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Oruç
authors.affiliation: Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Veterinary, Ataturk University, TR-25240, Erzurum, Turkey.
authors.forename: Hüseyin Serkan
authors.initials: HS
authors.lastname: Erol
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000975:Antioxidants / Q000378:metabolism; D002374:Catalase / Q000378:metabolism; D005978:Glutathione / Q000378:metabolism; D022781:Hepatocytes / Q000378:metabolism; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D015227:Lipid Peroxidation / Q000187:drug effects; D008099:Liver / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology*; D016328:NF-kappa B / Q000378:metabolism*; D009532:Nickel / Q000633:toxicity*; D017686:Oncorhynchus mykiss / Q000254:growth & development / Q000378:metabolism*; D010084:Oxidation-Reduction; D018384:Oxidative Stress / Q000187:drug effects*; D013482:Superoxide Dismutase / Q000378:metabolism; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical / Q000633:toxicity*
chemical_list: D000975:Antioxidants; D016328:NF-kappa B; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical; C022838:nickel chloride; D009532:Nickel; D002374:Catalase; D013482:Superoxide Dismutase; D005978:Glutathione
keywords: Fish; Heavy metal; Histopathology; NFkB; Nickel; Oxidative stress; Toxicity