title: Pregnancy-associated plasma protein-A (PAPP-A) as a possible biomarker in patients with coronary artery disease.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Cardiovascular disease is the leading cause of death in the Western world, and a major cause of this disease is atherosclerosis. Research has demonstrated that pregnancy-associated plasma protein A (PAPP-A) plays a role in cardiovascular disease, as evidenced by the association between PAPP-A and severity of heart damage.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  The aim of this work was to investigate the correlation between PAPP-A concentrations in coronary and peripheral blood and certain clinicopathological factors and antioxidant enzyme activities in patients diagnosed with coronary artery disease.
  
  
  METHODS
  For 65 patients, arterial blood was obtained by puncturing the femoral or radial artery, and coronary blood was obtained via percutaneous coronary intervention. PAPP-A, catalase (CAT), superoxide dismutase-1 (SOD-1), and superoxide dismutase-2 (SOD-2) levels were measured using spectrometric methods.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Coronary PAPP-A levels were slightly higher than peripheral PAPP-A levels (81.25 ± 2.34 and 62 ± 3 ng/mL, respectively, P < 0.0001); these levels were correlated with each other (r = 0.6629, P < 0.001) but not with clinicopathological factors (P > 0.05). Coronary PAPP-A levels were significantly elevated among patients at risk for cardiovascular disease (P < 0.05). Antioxidant enzyme activities were significantly higher in coronary samples than in peripheral samples from subjects with ischemic cardiopathy secondary to atherosclerosis (P < 0.001). Neither coronary nor peripheral PAPP-A levels were correlated with antioxidant enzyme activities in patients with cardiopathy secondary to atherosclerosis (P > 0.05).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  PAPP-A levels could be used as biomarkers to identify patients at risk of coronary artery disease.
authors.affiliation: Interventional Cardiology Laboratory, Hospital Central Militar, Secretaría de la Defensa Nacional, 11649, Mexico City, Mexico.
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Gutiérrez-Leonard
authors.affiliation: Multidisciplinary Research Laboratory, Escuela Militar de Graduados de Sanidad, Secretaría de la Defensa Nacional, 11200, Mexico City, Mexico.
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Martínez-Lara
authors.affiliation: Section of Graduate Studies and Research, Escuela Superior de Medicina, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, 11340, Mexico City, Mexico.
authors.forename: A E
authors.initials: AE
authors.lastname: Fierro-Macías
authors.affiliation: Section of Graduate Studies and Research, Escuela Superior de Medicina, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, 11340, Mexico City, Mexico.
authors.forename: V M
authors.initials: VM
authors.lastname: Mena-Burciaga
authors.affiliation: Section of Graduate Studies and Research, Escuela Superior de Medicina, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, 11340, Mexico City, Mexico.
authors.forename: M D
authors.initials: MD
authors.lastname: Ronquillo-Sánchez
authors.affiliation: Multidisciplinary Research Laboratory, Escuela Militar de Graduados de Sanidad, Secretaría de la Defensa Nacional, 11200, Mexico City, Mexico. floriano_esa@yahoo.com.
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Floriano-Sánchez
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Neurosciences, Instituto Nacional de Pediatría, 04530, Mexico City, Mexico. noemicr2001@yahoo.com.mx.
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Cárdenas-Rodríguez
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000097:blood*; D003324:Coronary Artery Disease / Q000097:blood* / Q000473:pathology; D006801:Humans; D008875:Middle Aged; D011266:Pregnancy-Associated Plasma Protein-A / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; D011266:Pregnancy-Associated Plasma Protein-A
keywords: Biomarker; Coronary artery disease; PAPP-A