title: Evaluating Soluble EMMPRIN as a Marker of Disease Activity in Multiple Sclerosis: Studies of Serum and Cerebrospinal Fluid.
abstract: Extracellular matrix metalloproteinase inducer (EMMPRIN, CD147) is an inducer of matrix metalloproteinases and has roles in leukocyte activation and migration. We reported previously that in MS and its animal model, experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis, cell surface-associated EMMPRIN was significantly elevated in leukocytes around inflammatory perivascular cuffs in the CNS. In this study we report that activated T-cells can secrete soluble form of EMMPRIN (sEMMPRIN) upon activation. As sEMMPRIN is also present in biological fluids, we determined whether sEMMPRIN is altered in the CSF and sera of MS subjects. Sera from individuals without neurological conditions served as controls, while CSFs collected from subjects undergoing discectomy, and without evidence of CNS pathology, were used as a comparator group. We found that serum levels of sEMMPRIN from clinically stable MS patients or other inflammatory conditions did not differ from control subjects. Paired serum and CSF samples demonstrated poor correlation of sEMMPRIN. Interestingly, sEMMPRIN levels were approximately 60% higher in CSFs compared to sera. sEMMPRIN CSF levels were significantly higher in secondary progressive compared to primary progressive subjects. Thus we conclude that measurement of sEMMPRIN in serum is not informative for disease activity in MS. The differential expression of sEMMPRIN in the CSF of primary and secondary progressive MS invites hypotheses of the still undefined roles of EMMPRIN in the CNS.
authors.affiliation: Hotchkiss Brain Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada.
authors.forename: Deepak K
authors.initials: DK
authors.lastname: Kaushik
authors.affiliation: Hotchkiss Brain Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada.
authors.forename: Heather Y F
authors.initials: HY
authors.lastname: Yong
authors.affiliation: Hotchkiss Brain Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada.
authors.forename: Jennifer N
authors.initials: JN
authors.lastname: Hahn
authors.affiliation: Hotchkiss Brain Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada.
authors.forename: Claudia
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Silva
authors.affiliation: Hotchkiss Brain Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada.
authors.forename: Steven
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Casha
authors.affiliation: Hotchkiss Brain Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada.
authors.forename: R John
authors.initials: RJ
authors.lastname: Hurlbert
authors.affiliation: CSSSG-Hull Pavilion, Gatineau, Quebec, Canada.
authors.forename: Francois H
authors.initials: FH
authors.lastname: Jacques
authors.affiliation: Multiple Sclerosis Center, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, Michigan, United States of America.
authors.forename: Robert
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Lisak
authors.affiliation: Multiple Sclerosis Center, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, Michigan, United States of America.
authors.forename: Omar
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Khan
authors.affiliation: Multiple Sclerosis Center, University of Massachusetts, Worcester, Massachusetts, United States of America.
authors.forename: Carolina
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Ionete
authors.affiliation: University of Montreal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.
authors.forename: Catherine
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Larochelle
authors.affiliation: University of Montreal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.
authors.forename: Alex
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Prat
authors.affiliation: Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.
authors.forename: Amit
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Bar-Or
authors.affiliation: Hotchkiss Brain Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada.
authors.forename: V Wee
authors.initials: VW
authors.lastname: Yong
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000690:Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis / Q000097:blood / Q000473:pathology; D000906:Antibodies / Q000494:pharmacology; D051926:Basigin / Q000097:blood* / Q000134:cerebrospinal fluid*; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000097:blood / Q000134:cerebrospinal fluid; D018106:CD28 Antigens / Q000276:immunology; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D002493:Central Nervous System Diseases / Q000473:pathology; D004797:Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007074:Immunoglobulin G / Q000134:cerebrospinal fluid; D007963:Leukocytes, Mononuclear / Q000166:cytology; D008213:Lymphocyte Activation / Q000187:drug effects; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009103:Multiple Sclerosis / Q000473:pathology*; D012008:Recurrence; D012720:Severity of Illness Index; D013601:T-Lymphocytes / Q000166:cytology / Q000378:metabolism; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D000906:Antibodies; D015415:Biomarkers; D018106:CD28 Antigens; D007074:Immunoglobulin G; D051926:Basigin