title: Geno- and cytotoxicity induced on Cyprinus carpio by aluminum, iron, mercury and mixture thereof.
abstract: Metals such as Al, Fe and Hg are used in diverse anthropogenic activities. Their presence in water bodies is due mainly to domestic, agricultural and industrial wastewater discharges and constitutes a hazard for the organisms inhabiting these environments. The present study aimed to evaluate geno- and cytotoxicity induced by Al, Fe, Hg and the mixture of these metals on blood of the common carp Cyprinus carpio. Specimens were exposed to the permissible limits in water for human use and consumption according to the pertinent official Mexican norm [official Mexican norm NOM-127-SSA1-1994] Al (0.2mgL-1), Fe (0.3mgL-1), Hg (0.001mgL-1) and their mixture for 12, 24, 48, 72 and 96h. Biomarkers of genotoxicity (comet assay and micronucleus test) and cytotoxicity (caspase-3 activity and TUNEL assay) were evaluated. Significant increases relative to the control group (p<0.05) were observed in all biomarkers at all exposure times in all test systems; however, damage was greater when the metals were present as a mixture. Furthermore, correlations between metal concentrations and biomarkers of geno- and cytotoxicity were found only at certain exposure times. In conclusion, Al, Fe, Hg and the mixture of these metals induce geno- and cytotoxicity on blood of C. carpio.
authors.affiliation: Laboratorio de Toxicología Ambiental, Facultad de Química, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de México, Paseo Colón intersección Paseo Tollocan s/n. Col. Residencial Colón, 50120 Toluca, Estado de México, Mexico. Electronic address: lmgomezo@uaemex.mx.
authors.forename: Leobardo Manuel
authors.initials: LM
authors.lastname: Gómez-Oliván
authors.affiliation: Laboratorio de Toxicología Ambiental, Facultad de Química, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de México, Paseo Colón intersección Paseo Tollocan s/n. Col. Residencial Colón, 50120 Toluca, Estado de México, Mexico.
authors.forename: Youssef Paolo
authors.initials: YP
authors.lastname: Mendoza-Zenil
authors.affiliation: Laboratorio de Toxicología Ambiental, Facultad de Química, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de México, Paseo Colón intersección Paseo Tollocan s/n. Col. Residencial Colón, 50120 Toluca, Estado de México, Mexico.
authors.forename: Nely
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: SanJuan-Reyes
authors.affiliation: Laboratorio de Toxicología Acuática, Departamento de Farmacia, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Unidad Profesional Adolfo López Mateos, Av. Wilfrido Massieu s/n y Cerrada de Manuel Stampa, Col. Industrial Vallejo, C.P. 007700 México, D.F., Mexico. Electronic address: mgalarm@ipn.mx.
authors.forename: Marcela
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Galar-Martínez
authors.affiliation: Laboratorio de Microbiología Médica y Ambiental de la Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de México, Paseo Tollocan y Venustiano Carranza s/n. Col. Universidad, 50180 Toluca, Estado de México, Mexico.
authors.forename: Ninfa
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Ramírez-Durán
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Química Analítica y Tecnología de los Alimentos, Facultad de Ciencias Ambientales y Bioquímica, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, Avenida Carlos III s/n, E-45071 Toledo, Spain.
authors.forename: Rosa Del Carmen
authors.initials: RDC
authors.lastname: Rodríguez Martín-Doimeadios
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Química Analítica y Tecnología de los Alimentos, Facultad de Ciencias Ambientales y Bioquímica, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, Avenida Carlos III s/n, E-45071 Toledo, Spain.
authors.forename: Nuria
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Rodríguez-Fariñas
authors.affiliation: Laboratorio de Toxicología Ambiental, Facultad de Química, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de México, Paseo Colón intersección Paseo Tollocan s/n. Col. Residencial Colón, 50120 Toluca, Estado de México, Mexico.
authors.forename: Hariz
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Islas-Flores
authors.affiliation: Laboratorio de Toxicología Ambiental, Facultad de Química, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de México, Paseo Colón intersección Paseo Tollocan s/n. Col. Residencial Colón, 50120 Toluca, Estado de México, Mexico.
authors.forename: Armando
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Elizalde-Velázquez
authors.affiliation: Laboratorio de Toxicología Acuática, Departamento de Farmacia, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Unidad Profesional Adolfo López Mateos, Av. Wilfrido Massieu s/n y Cerrada de Manuel Stampa, Col. Industrial Vallejo, C.P. 007700 México, D.F., Mexico.
authors.forename: Sandra
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: García-Medina
authors.affiliation: Laboratorio de Toxicología Acuática, Departamento de Farmacia, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Unidad Profesional Adolfo López Mateos, Av. Wilfrido Massieu s/n y Cerrada de Manuel Stampa, Col. Industrial Vallejo, C.P. 007700 México, D.F., Mexico.
authors.forename: Ricardo
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Pérez-Pastén Borja
mesh_terms: D000535:Aluminum / Q000633:toxicity*; D000818:Animals; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000378:metabolism; D002347:Carps / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D053148:Caspase 3 / Q000378:metabolism; D020552:Comet Assay; D004249:DNA Damage; D007501:Iron / Q000633:toxicity*; D008628:Mercury / Q000633:toxicity*; D015162:Micronucleus Tests; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical / Q000633:toxicity*
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical; D000535:Aluminum; D007501:Iron; D053148:Caspase 3; D008628:Mercury
keywords: Apoptosis; DNA damage; Heavy metals