title: An illustrated comparison of processing methods for phase MRI and QSM: removal of background field contributions from sources outside the region of interest.
abstract: The elimination of so-called background fields is an essential step in phase MRI and quantitative susceptibility mapping (QSM). Background fields, which are caused by sources outside the region of interest (ROI), are often one to two orders of magnitude stronger than tissue-related field variations from within the ROI, hampering quantitative interpretation of field maps. This paper reviews the current literature on background elimination algorithms for QSM and provides insights into similarities and differences between the many algorithms proposed. We discuss the basic theoretical foundations and derive fundamental limitations of background field elimination. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, Buffalo Neuroimaging Analysis Center, University at Buffalo, The State University of New York - Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Buffalo, NY, USA.|University at Buffalo, The State University of New York - MRI Molecular and Translational Imaging Center, Buffalo, NY, USA.
authors.forename: Ferdinand
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Schweser
authors.affiliation: Medical University of Vienna - Department of Biomedical Imaging and Image-Guided Therapy, Vienna, Austria.
authors.forename: Simon Daniel
authors.initials: SD
authors.lastname: Robinson
authors.affiliation: Centre de Résonance Magnétique Biologique et Médicale (CRMBM), UMR 7339, CNRS, Aix-Marseille Université, France.
authors.forename: Ludovic
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: de Rochefort
authors.affiliation: University Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio Research Imaging Institute, San Antonio, TX, USA.
authors.forename: Wei
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: University of Graz - Institute for Mathematics and Scientific Computing, Graz, Austria.
authors.forename: Kristian
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Bredies
mesh_terms: D000465:Algorithms; D016477:Artifacts; D038524:Diffusion Magnetic Resonance Imaging / Q000379:methods*; D007089:Image Enhancement / Q000379:methods*; D007090:Image Interpretation, Computer-Assisted / Q000379:methods*; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D012815:Signal Processing, Computer-Assisted; D059629:Signal-To-Noise Ratio; D013382:Subtraction Technique
keywords: QSM; background field removal; phase imaging; phase processing; review; susceptibility mapping