title: Saliva C-reactive protein as a biomarker of metabolic syndrome in diabetic patients.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Human C-reactive protein (CRP) has been used in the risk assessment of coronary events. Human saliva mirrors the body's health and well-being and is noninvasive, easy to collect, and ideal for third-world countries as well as for large patient screening.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  This study aimed to screen the saliva CRP qualitatively in patients with diabetes (Type 1 and 2) taking in considerations, the diagnostic criteria of metabolic syndrome.
  
  
  METHODS
  Center for diabetes mellitus, prospective study.
  
  
  METHODS
  A total number of 50 Type 2 diabetes (T2D) patients, 25 Type 1 diabetes (T1D) patients, and 25 healthy subjects were recruited from the center for diabetes mellitus. Each patient was assessed clinically, and the anthropometric measures, glycemic status, and lipid profiles were determined. Stimulated salivary flow rate and saliva CRP were determined.
  
  
  METHODS
  All calculations analysis was made using Excel 2003 program for Windows.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The results showed that the salivary flow rate in T1D was less than healthy subjects and T2D and CRP was found positive (6 mg/L) in 36% and 56% of patients with T1D and T2D, respectively. Saliva CRP was found to be related to the anthropometric measurement, blood pressure, and glycemic control.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  We conclude that saliva CRP may be used as a biomarker for metabolic syndrome and its value is obvious in T2D rather than in T1D.
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical Analysis, College of Pharmacy, Hawler Medical University, Erbil, Iraq.
authors.forename: Zhian Mahmood Ibrahim
authors.initials: ZM
authors.lastname: Dezayee
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, Al-Mustansiriya University, Baghdad, Iraq.
authors.forename: Marwan Salih Mohamad
authors.initials: MS
authors.lastname: Al-Nimer
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000378:metabolism; D002097:C-Reactive Protein / Q000378:metabolism*; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D003920:Diabetes Mellitus / Q000378:metabolism*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D024821:Metabolic Syndrome / Q000378:metabolism*; D008875:Middle Aged; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012463:Saliva / Q000737:chemistry*; D012472:Salivation / Q000502:physiology
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; D002097:C-Reactive Protein