title: Antiradical activity of delphinidin, pelargonidin and malvin towards hydroxyl and nitric oxide radicals: The energy requirements calculations as a prediction of the possible antiradical mechanisms.
abstract: Naturally occurring flavonoids, delphinidin, pelargonidin and malvin, were investigated experimentally and theoretically for their ability to scavenge hydroxyl and nitric oxide radicals. Electron spin resonance (ESR) spectroscopy was used to determine antiradical activity of the selected compounds and M05-2X/6-311+G(d,p) level of theory for the calculation of reaction enthalpies related to three possible mechanisms of free radical scavenging activity, namely HAT, SET-PT and SPLET. The results obtained show that the molecules investigated reacted with hydroxyl radical via both HAT and SPLET in the solvents investigated. These results point to HAT as implausible for the reaction with nitric oxide radical in all the solvents investigated. SET-PT also proved to be thermodynamically unfavourable for all three molecules in the solvents considered.
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Physical Chemistry, University of Belgrade, Studentski trg 12-16, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia. Electronic address: markovich@ffh.bg.ac.rs.
authors.forename: Jasmina M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Dimitrić Marković
authors.affiliation: Department of Life Sciences, Institute for Multidisciplinary Research - IMSI, Kneza Višeslava 1, 11030 Belgrade, Serbia. Electronic address: brspjn@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Boris
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Pejin
authors.affiliation: Bioengineering Research and Development Center, 34000 Kragujevac, Serbia. Electronic address: deki82@kg.ac.rs.
authors.forename: Dejan
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Milenković
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Agriculture, Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek, Kralja Petra Svačića 1D, 31000 Osijek, Croatia. Electronic address: damic@pfos.hr.
authors.forename: Dragan
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Amić
authors.affiliation: Institute of General and Physical Chemistry, Studentski trg 12-16, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia. Electronic address: nbegovic@iofh.bg.ac.rs.
authors.forename: Nebojša
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Begović
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Physical Chemistry, University of Belgrade, Studentski trg 12-16, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia. Electronic address: milos@ffh.bg.ac.rs.
authors.forename: Miloš
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Mojović
authors.affiliation: Bioengineering Research and Development Center, 34000 Kragujevac, Serbia; Department of Chemical-Technological Sciences, State University of Novi Pazar, Vuka Karadžića bb, 36300 Novi Pazar, Serbia. Electronic address: zmarkovic@np.ac.rs.
authors.forename: Zoran S
authors.initials: ZS
authors.lastname: Marković
mesh_terms: D000872:Anthocyanins / Q000494:pharmacology*; D004578:Electron Spin Resonance Spectroscopy; D016166:Free Radical Scavengers / Q000494:pharmacology*; D005960:Glucosides / Q000494:pharmacology*; D017665:Hydroxyl Radical / Q000378:metabolism; D009569:Nitric Oxide / Q000378:metabolism; D013816:Thermodynamics
chemical_list: D000872:Anthocyanins; D016166:Free Radical Scavengers; D005960:Glucosides; D009569:Nitric Oxide; D017665:Hydroxyl Radical; C066957:pelargonidin; C017185:delphinidin; C502603:malvin
keywords: ()OH and ()NO radicals; Anthocyanidines and anthocyanins; DFT; Delphinidin (PubChem CID: 128853); ESR spectra; Malvin (PubChem CID: 5458954); Pelargonidin (PubChem CID: 440832); Semi-empirical calculations