title: Global cooling as a driver of diversification in a major marine clade.
abstract: Climate is a strong driver of global diversity and will become increasingly important as human influences drive temperature changes at unprecedented rates. Here we investigate diversification and speciation trends within a diverse group of aquatic crustaceans, the Anomura. We use a phylogenetic framework to demonstrate that speciation rate is correlated with global cooling across the entire tree, in contrast to previous studies. Additionally, we find that marine clades continue to show evidence of increased speciation rates with cooler global temperatures, while the single freshwater clade shows the opposite trend with speciation rates positively correlated to global warming. Our findings suggest that both global cooling and warming lead to diversification and that habitat plays a role in the responses of species to climate change. These results have important implications for our understanding of how extant biota respond to ongoing climate change and are of particular importance for conservation planning of marine ecosystems.
authors.affiliation: Milner Centre for Evolution, Department of Biology and Biochemistry, The University of Bath, Bath BA2 7AY, UK.
authors.forename: Katie E
authors.initials: KE
authors.lastname: Davis
authors.affiliation: Environment Department, University of York, York YO10 5NG, UK.
authors.forename: Jon
authors.identifier: 0000-0003-1340-4373
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Hill
authors.affiliation: Milner Centre for Evolution, Department of Biology and Biochemistry, The University of Bath, Bath BA2 7AY, UK.
authors.forename: Tim I
authors.initials: TI
authors.lastname: Astrop
authors.affiliation: Milner Centre for Evolution, Department of Biology and Biochemistry, The University of Bath, Bath BA2 7AY, UK.
authors.forename: Matthew A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Wills
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D033381:Anomura / Q000502:physiology*; D044822:Biodiversity; D058448:Biota; D002138:Calibration; D002980:Climate; D057231:Climate Change; D003080:Cold Temperature; D017753:Ecosystem; D005580:Fossils; D005618:Fresh Water; D049810:Genetic Speciation; D057232:Global Warming; D007448:Invertebrates; D009010:Monte Carlo Method; D009792:Oceans and Seas; D010802:Phylogeny; D011336:Probability; D013696:Temperature