title: Ocular parasitoses: A comprehensive review.
abstract: Parasitic infections of the eyes are a major cause of ocular diseases across the globe. The causative agents range from simple organisms such as unicellular protozoans to complex metazoan helminths. The disease spectrum varies depending on the geographic location, prevailing hygiene, living and eating habits of the inhabitants, and the type of animals that surround them. They cause enormous ocular morbidity and mortality not because they are untreatable, but largely due to late or misdiagnosis, often from unfamiliarity with the diseases produced. We provide an up-to-date comprehensive overview of the ophthalmic parasitoses. Each section describes the causative agent, mode of transmission, geographic distribution, ocular pathologies, and their management for common parasites with brief mention of the ones that are rare.
authors.affiliation: Retina and Vitreous Services, LV Prasad Eye Institute, Bhubaneswar, India.
authors.forename: Tapas Ranjan
authors.initials: TR
authors.lastname: Padhi
authors.affiliation: Cornea and Anterior Segment Services, LV Prasad Eye Institute, Bhubaneswar, India.
authors.forename: Sujata
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Das
authors.affiliation: Laboratory Services, LV Prasad Eye Institute-Entire Network, India.
authors.forename: Savitri
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Sharma
authors.affiliation: Retina and Vitreous Services, LV Prasad Eye Institute, Bhubaneswar, India.
authors.forename: Soveeta
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Rath
authors.affiliation: Ophthalmic Plastic Surgery, Orbit and Ocular Oncology Services, LV Prasad Eye Institute, Bhubaneswar, India.
authors.forename: Suryasnata
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Rath
authors.affiliation: Ophthalmic Plastic Surgery, Orbit and Ocular Oncology Services, LV Prasad Eye Institute, Bhubaneswar, India.
authors.forename: Devjyoti
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Tripathy
authors.affiliation: Retina and Vitreous Services, LV Prasad Eye Institute, Bhubaneswar, India.
authors.forename: Krushna Gopal
authors.initials: KG
authors.lastname: Panda
authors.affiliation: Retina and Vitreous Services, LV Prasad Eye Institute, Bhubaneswar, India.
authors.forename: Soumyava
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Basu
authors.affiliation: Department of Ophthalmology and Visual sciences, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA. Electronic address: cbesirli@umich.edu.
authors.forename: Cagri G
authors.initials: CG
authors.lastname: Besirli
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D003941:Diagnostic Techniques, Ophthalmological; D005123:Eye / Q000469:parasitology*; D015822:Eye Infections, Parasitic / Q000145:classification / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology; D014943:Global Health; D006373:Helminthiasis / Q000145:classification / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology; D006801:Humans; D015994:Incidence
keywords: Acanthamoeba keratitis; diffuse unilateral subacute neuroretinitis; ocular cysticercosis; ocular filariasis; ocular larva migrans; ocular malaria; ocular toxocariasis; ocular toxoplasmosis; ophthalmic parasitoses; ophthalmomyiasis; parasitic infections of the eye; phthiriasis palpebrarum