title: Kraepelin's description of chronic mania: a clinical picture that meets the behavioral variant frontotemporal dementia phenotype.
abstract: Chronic mania is an under-investigated condition and few reports have associated this disorder with an organic background. The present work examines Kraepelin's reliable description of chronic mania from a current behavioral neurology viewpoint. Kraepelin had described a cluster of symptoms that are now recognized as core manifestations of the behavioral variant frontotemporal dementia (bvFTD) clinical phenotype. We also carried out additional reviews of original manuscripts from Kraepelin's peers, in order to find any case reports that might fulfill the current diagnostic proposal for bvFTD. Even though we failed to find an ideal case, we found some scholars who seemed to agree that chronic mania should be considered a special form of dementia. The present work highlights, through historical data, the possible overlapping features between primary psychiatric disorders and neuropsychiatric symptoms secondary to neurodegenerative conditions.
authors.affiliation: Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Faculdade de Medicina, Departamento de Clínica Médica, Grupo de Pesquisa em Neurologia Cognitiva e do Comportamento, Belo Horizonte MG, Brasil.|Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Neurociências, Belo Horizonte MG, Brasil.
authors.forename: Leandro Boson
authors.initials: LB
authors.lastname: Gambogi
authors.affiliation: Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Faculdade de Medicina, Departamento de Clínica Médica, Grupo de Pesquisa em Neurologia Cognitiva e do Comportamento, Belo Horizonte MG, Brasil.|Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Neurociências, Belo Horizonte MG, Brasil.
authors.forename: Henrique Cerqueira
authors.initials: HC
authors.lastname: Guimarães
authors.affiliation: Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Faculdade de Medicina, Departamento de Saúde Mental, Belo Horizonte MG, Brasil.
authors.forename: Maurício Viotti
authors.initials: MV
authors.lastname: Daker
authors.affiliation: Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Faculdade de Medicina, Departamento de Clínica Médica, Grupo de Pesquisa em Neurologia Cognitiva e do Comportamento, Belo Horizonte MG, Brasil.|Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Neurociências, Belo Horizonte MG, Brasil.
authors.forename: Leonardo Cruz
authors.initials: LC
authors.lastname: de Souza
authors.affiliation: Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Faculdade de Medicina, Departamento de Clínica Médica, Grupo de Pesquisa em Neurologia Cognitiva e do Comportamento, Belo Horizonte MG, Brasil.|Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Neurociências, Belo Horizonte MG, Brasil.
authors.forename: Paulo
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Caramelli
mesh_terms: D001714:Bipolar Disorder / Q000266:history* / Q000503:physiopathology; D002389:Catatonia / Q000266:history* / Q000503:physiopathology; D002908:Chronic Disease; D003704:Dementia / Q000266:history* / Q000503:physiopathology; D057180:Frontotemporal Dementia / Q000266:history* / Q000503:physiopathology; D049672:History, 19th Century; D049673:History, 20th Century; D006801:Humans; D010641:Phenotype