title: Medicines use in hospitalised children: current status and outcome after an intervention.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Challenges in rational use of medicines (RUM) in children are different from that of adults. In Sri Lanka, data on RUM in children are limited.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To assess the current status and to investigate effectiveness of an intervention in improving RUM in children.
  
  
  METHODS
  Non-randomised controlled before and after study design was employed. Study settings were one paediatric unit in two Teaching Hospitals one for intervention (IU) and the other as a control (CU) unit. After assessing the current status in both units, a combined intervention (one-time training and distribution of a paediatric formulary) was offered to IU and medicine use was re-assessed in both units three months and one year after intervention. Fourteen indicators (7 WHO and 7 developed by investigators) were employed in the assessment. Any improvement was analysed using percentage changes, Chi-square or t tests as appropriate.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A total of 1134 charts, 735 (3197 medicines) in IU and 399 (1539 medicines) in CU were subjected to analysis. At base level, of the 14 indicators, 9 were assessed satisfactory in both units. Four could not be assessed without knowing the clinical setting. The remaining indicator, reason for prescribing was recorded for 48% and 76% of medicines respectively in IU and CU. After intervention, only three indicators, medicines that had the reason for prescription recorded in the patient records, children treated without regular medicines, and children received the recommended doses of paracetamol, showed favourable changes in three months and one year. Percentage of medicines written in abbreviation showed an undesirable increase in IU (6.9, 16.2, 29.6) which was higher than what was observed in CU (3.2, 13.5, 18.4).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Passive interventions appear to be ineffective in improving RUM in children. In addition, general medicine use indicators seem to be insensitive to capture the true challenges in paediatric pharmacotherapy.
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Medicine, University of Jaffna,Jaffna, Sri Lanka. thiyahiny_sunil@hotmail.com.
authors.forename: S N
authors.initials: SN
authors.lastname: Thiyahiny
authors.forename: M G
authors.initials: MG
authors.lastname: Sathiadas
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Sanchayan
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Vamadevan
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Balasubramaniam
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Sri Ranganathan
mesh_terms: D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D065187:Controlled Before-After Studies; D004341:Drug Evaluation / Q000379:methods / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D005260:Female; D006784:Hospitals, Teaching / Q000379:methods / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D008297:Male; D054539:Medication Therapy Management / Q000592:standards / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D010043:Outcome and Process Assessment, Health Care / Q000379:methods; D010818:Practice Patterns, Physicians' / Q000592:standards / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D013188:Sri Lanka / Q000453:epidemiology