title: Design features of a proposed insecticidal sugar trap for biting midges.
abstract: Insecticidal sugar baits for mosquitoes and house ies have proven e cacy to reduce insect populations and consequently, disease transmission rates. The new insecticidal sugar trap (IST) is designed speci cally for controlling biting midge disease vector populations around livestock and near larval habitats. The trap operates by combining light-emitting diode (LED) technology with insecticidal sugar baits. The positive photo attraction of Culicoides elicited by the LEDs, draws the insects to the insecticidal sugar bait, which can be made from various commercial insecticide formulations (pyrethroids, neonicotinoids, etc.) or naturally derived formulations (boric acid, garlic oil, etc.) lethal to Culicoides. Insecticidal sugar trap advantages include: customizable LED lights, they can be used with several di erent oral insecticides that have di erent modes of action to help combat the evolution of pesticide resistance, screening on the trap reduces non-target insect feeding (for example bees and butter ies), targets males and females of the species because both must feed on sugar, and low energy LEDs and a solar panel reduce trap maintenance to re lling sugar baits, rather than replacing batteries. This article discusses key components of an IST, which increase the traps e ectiveness for biting midge control.
authors.affiliation: Arthropod-Borne Animal Diseases Research Unit Agricultural Research Service, United States Department of Agriculture, Manhattan, Kansas, USA.
authors.forename: Lee William
authors.initials: LW
authors.lastname: Cohnstaedt
authors.forename: Darren
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Snyder
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002519:Ceratopogonidae; D004867:Equipment Design; D005260:Female; D007300:Insect Control / Q000295:instrumentation* / Q000379:methods*; D007306:Insecticides / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D008297:Male; D013395:Sucrose / Q000008:administration & dosage*
chemical_list: D007306:Insecticides; D013395:Sucrose