title: New anti-tuberculosis drugs and regimens: 2015 update.
abstract: Over 480 000 cases of multidrug-resistant (MDR) tuberculosis (TB) occur every year globally, 9% of them being affected by extensively drug-resistant (XDR) strains ofMycobacterium tuberculosis. The treatment of MDR/XDR-TB is unfortunately long, toxic and expensive, and the success rate largely unsatisfactory (<20% among cases with resistance patterns beyond XDR). The aim of this review is to summarise the available evidence-based updated international recommendations to manage MDR/XDR-TB, and to update the reader on the role of newly developed drugs (delamanid, bedaquiline and pretomanid) as well as repurposed drugs (linezolid and meropenem clavulanate, among others) used to treat these conditions within new regimens. A nonsystematic review based on historical trials results as well as on recent literature and World Health Organization (WHO) guidelines has been performed, with special focus on the approach to managing MDR/XDR-TB. The new, innovative global public health interventions, recently approved by WHO and known as the "End TB Strategy", support the vision of a TB-free world with zero death, disease and suffering due to TB. Adequate, universally accessed treatment is a pre-requisite to reach TB elimination. New shorter, cheap, safe and effective anti-TB regimens are necessary to boost TB elimination.
authors.affiliation: WHO Collaborating Centre for Tuberculosis & Lung Diseases, Fondazione S. Maugeri, IRCCS, Tradate, Italy; These authors contributed equally.
authors.forename: Lia
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: D'Ambrosio
authors.affiliation: WHO Collaborating Centre for Tuberculosis & Lung Diseases, Fondazione S. Maugeri, IRCCS, Tradate, Italy; These authors contributed equally.
authors.forename: Rosella
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Centis
authors.affiliation: Clinical Epidemiology and Medical Statistics Unit, Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Sassari - Research, Medical Education and Professional Development Unit, AOU Sassari, Sassari, Italy.
authors.forename: Giovanni
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Sotgiu
authors.affiliation: Department of Infectious Diseases, Galliera Hospital, Genoa, Italy.
authors.forename: Emanuele
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Pontali
authors.affiliation: Pneumology Unit, Fondazione Maugeri, IRCCS, Tradate, Italy; Dept of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Insubria, Varese, Italy.
authors.forename: Antonio
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Spanevello
authors.affiliation: WHO Collaborating Centre for Tuberculosis & Lung Diseases, Fondazione S. Maugeri, IRCCS, Tradate, Italy.
authors.forename: Giovanni Battista
authors.initials: GB
authors.lastname: Migliori