title: Condom-catheter tamponade for the treatment of postpartum haemorrhage and factors associated with success: a prospective observational study.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To determine the outcomes and factors associated with postpartum haemorrhage (PPH) treatment with condom-catheter uterine balloon tamponade (C-UBT).
  
  
  METHODS
  Prospective observational study.
  
  
  METHODS
  A secondary healthcare facility in Nigeria.
  
  
  METHODS
  Women with PPH refractory to first-line treatment.
  
  
  METHODS
  Demographic and clinical characteristics were compared in women with successful and unsuccessful treatment. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses were used to examine the association of these characteristics with successful treatment.
  
  
  METHODS
  The success rate of C-UBT, factors associated with success, and maternal morbidity rates in both successful and unsuccessful treatment groups.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Overall, 203/229 (88.6%) women had successful treatment. Women with successful treatment had lower mean blood loss (1248.8 ± 701.3 ml versus 3434.6 ± 906.6 ml; P < 0.0001), lower occurrence of blood transfusion [139 (68.5%) versus 26 (100%); P < 0.0001], lower intensive care unit admission rates [5 (2.5%) versus 20 (76.9%); P < 0.0001], and lower occurrence of infectious morbidities [3 (1.5%) versus 7 (26.9%); P < 0.0001]. In the regression model with two factors, caesarean section (adjusted odds ratio, aOR 0.17; 95% confidence interval, 95% CI 0.07-0.40) was associated with lower success rates compared with vaginal delivery. In the regression model with three factors, advanced maternal age (aOR 0.31; 95% CI 0.11-0.90) and caesarean section (aOR 0.17; 95% CI 0.07-0.41) were associated with lower success rates in comparison with younger maternal age and vaginal delivery, respectively.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Second-line PPH treatment with C-UBT is effective, and is associated with low maternal morbidity rates. Advanced maternal age and caesarean section are associated with lower success rates.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Condom-catheter tamponade is a useful second-line treatment modality for intractable postpartum haemorrhage.
authors.affiliation: Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Mother and Child Hospital, Akure, Ondo State, Nigeria.
authors.forename: A K
authors.initials: AK
authors.lastname: Aderoba
authors.affiliation: Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Mother and Child Hospital, Akure, Ondo State, Nigeria.|Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Ekiti State University, Ado-Ekiti, Ekiti State, Nigeria.
authors.forename: B N
authors.initials: BN
authors.lastname: Olagbuji
authors.affiliation: Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Mother and Child Hospital, Akure, Ondo State, Nigeria.
authors.forename: A L
authors.initials: AL
authors.lastname: Akintan
authors.affiliation: Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Mother and Child Hospital, Ondo, Ondo State, Nigeria.
authors.forename: O L
authors.initials: OL
authors.lastname: Oyeneyin
authors.affiliation: Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Mother and Child Hospital, Akure, Ondo State, Nigeria.
authors.forename: O O
authors.initials: OO
authors.lastname: Owa
authors.affiliation: Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University of Benin, Benin City, Edo State, Nigeria.
authors.forename: J A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Osaikhuwuomwan
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D017280:Condoms; D036861:Delivery, Obstetric / Q000379:methods; D005260:Female; D006295:Health Resources; D006801:Humans; D009549:Nigeria; D006473:Postpartum Hemorrhage / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000628:therapy*; D011247:Pregnancy; D011256:Pregnancy Outcome; D011446:Prospective Studies; D058738:Uterine Balloon Tamponade / Q000295:instrumentation* / Q000379:methods
keywords: Condom-catheter tamponade; factors associated with success; postpartum haemorrhage; treatment outcome; uterine balloon tamponade