title: The Treatment of Plasmodium knowlesi Malaria.
abstract: Plasmodium knowlesi occurs across Southeast Asia and is the most common cause of malaria in Malaysia. High parasitaemias can develop rapidly, and the risk of severe disease in adults is at least as high as in falciparum malaria. Prompt initiation of effective treatment is therefore essential. Intravenous artesunate is highly effective in severe knowlesi malaria and in those with moderately high parasitaemia but otherwise uncomplicated disease. Both chloroquine and artemisinin-combination therapy (ACT) are highly effective for uncomplicated knowlesi malaria, with faster parasite clearance times and lower anaemia rates with ACT. Given the difficulties with microscope diagnosis of P. knowlesi, a unified treatment strategy of ACT for all Plasmodium species is recommended in coendemic regions.
authors.affiliation: Menzies School of Health Research and Charles Darwin University, PO Box 41096, Casuarina 0810, Northern Territory, Australia; Infectious Diseases Society Sabah-Menzies School of Health Research Clinical Research Unit, Kota Kinabalu 88586, Sabah, Malaysia.
authors.forename: Bridget E
authors.initials: BE
authors.lastname: Barber
authors.affiliation: Menzies School of Health Research and Charles Darwin University, PO Box 41096, Casuarina 0810, Northern Territory, Australia; Infectious Diseases Society Sabah-Menzies School of Health Research Clinical Research Unit, Kota Kinabalu 88586, Sabah, Malaysia.
authors.forename: Matthew J
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Grigg
authors.affiliation: Infectious Diseases Society Sabah-Menzies School of Health Research Clinical Research Unit, Kota Kinabalu 88586, Sabah, Malaysia; Queen Elizabeth Hospital Clinical Research Centre, Kota Kinabalu 88586, Sabah, Malaysia; Jesselton Medical Centre, Kota Kinabalu 88300, Sabah, Malaysia.
authors.forename: Timothy
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: William
authors.affiliation: Menzies School of Health Research and Charles Darwin University, PO Box 41096, Casuarina 0810, Northern Territory, Australia; Infectious Diseases Society Sabah-Menzies School of Health Research Clinical Research Unit, Kota Kinabalu 88586, Sabah, Malaysia; Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, 639798 Singapore; Communicable Disease Centre, Institute of Infectious Diseases and Epidemiology, Tan Tock Seng Hospital, 308433 Singapore.
authors.forename: Tsin W
authors.initials: TW
authors.lastname: Yeo
authors.affiliation: Menzies School of Health Research and Charles Darwin University, PO Box 41096, Casuarina 0810, Northern Territory, Australia; Infectious Diseases Society Sabah-Menzies School of Health Research Clinical Research Unit, Kota Kinabalu 88586, Sabah, Malaysia. Electronic address: nicholas.anstey@menzies.edu.au.
authors.forename: Nicholas M
authors.initials: NM
authors.lastname: Anstey
mesh_terms: D000962:Antimalarials / Q000627:therapeutic use; D037621:Artemisinins / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D000077332:Artesunate; D001210:Asia, Southeastern; D002738:Chloroquine / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D060085:Coinfection / Q000188:drug therapy; D006801:Humans; D008288:Malaria / Q000188:drug therapy*; D016778:Malaria, Falciparum / Q000188:drug therapy; D016790:Plasmodium knowlesi
chemical_list: D000962:Antimalarials; D037621:Artemisinins; D000077332:Artesunate; D002738:Chloroquine
keywords: Plasmodium knowlesi; artemisinin-combination therapy; malaria; treatment