title: Differences in Pediatric Non-Interventional Radiology Procedural Sedation Practices and Adverse Events by Registered Nurses and Physicians.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The purpose of this study was to determine differences in sedation-related adverse events according to the type of provider monitoring and delivering sedation.
  
  
  METHODS
  A retrospective, cross-sectional, correlational design using secondary data from the Pediatric Sedation Research Consortium database was used for this study.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A sample of 36,352 cases (0-14 years of age) sedated and monitored for diagnostic radiology procedures by three types of providers (registered nurses [RNs] alone, physicians (MDs) alone, or registered nurse + physician [RN+MD sedation teams]) were compared. Patients sedated by RNs alone or MDs alone had lower odds of unanticipated adverse events (odds ratios 0.46 and 0.53, respectively; p<0.0001) compared with RN+MD sedation provider teams.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Team skills may be an important competency for RN+MD sedation teams in the non-interventional radiology setting.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This study can inform clinicians, administrators, and quality-improvement managers of the differences in adverse event outcomes of pediatric radiology procedures when RN+MD teams provide sedation compared with RNs or MDs alone.
authors.affiliation: Duke University School of Nursing, Durham, NC. Electronic address: Nancy.crego@duke.edu.
authors.forename: Nancy
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Crego
authors.affiliation: Langston Center for Quality, Safety, and Innovation, Nursing Alumni Endowed Distinguished Professor, School of Nursing, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA.
authors.forename: Marianne
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Baernholdt
authors.affiliation: Ann Henshaw Gardiner Professor of Nursing, Executive Vice Dean, Duke University School of Nursing, Durham, NC.
authors.forename: Elizabeth
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Merwin
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D016292:Procedural Sedation / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000379:methods*; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D006993:Hypnotics and Sedatives / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000009:adverse effects; D007223:Infant; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D008297:Male; D008991:Monitoring, Physiologic; D009741:Nursing Staff, Hospital; D010820:Physicians; D015642:Radiology, Interventional / Q000379:methods*; D012189:Retrospective Studies
chemical_list: D006993:Hypnotics and Sedatives
keywords: Conscious sedation; Magnetic resonance imaging; Nurses; Patient safety; Pediatrics; Radiology