title: Proteomic response of inflammatory stimulated intestinal epithelial cells to in vitro digested plums and cabbages rich in carotenoids and polyphenols.
abstract: Due to their anti-oxidant and anti-inflammatory potential, polyphenol and carotenoid-rich plant foods have been suggested as promising phytochemicals in the prevention of or as adjuvants regarding inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD). In the present study, we investigated whether plum (Italian Plum, Prunus cocomilla), or cabbage (Kale, Brassica oleracea var. sabellica), selected for their high phytochemical content, are able to reduce inflammation in cellular models of the intestinal epithelium, employing proteomic methods. For this purpose, plum/cabbage (carotenoid content: 1.9 mg per 100 g resp. 13 mg per 100 g; polyphenol content: 83 mg per 100 g resp. 27 mg per 100 g) were gastro-intestinally digested, and aliquots exposed (18 h) to either a monoculture (Caco-2) or a triple culture (Caco-2/HT-29-MTX (90 : 10, v/v) with THP-1 like macrophages), stimulated (with LPS, TNF-α, and IL-1β) to induce inflammation. Cells (Caco-2, Caco-2/HT-29-MTX, and THP-1) were then harvested separately, and proteomic analyses of total cell extracts were carried out by 2D-DIGE. In the monoculture, 68 protein-spots were significantly (p < 0.05, expression ratio >1.5) differentially regulated due to the Kale and Italian plum digesta, and in the co-culture 206 protein-spots, compared to digesta without plum/cabbage. These belonged to 27 (monoculture) and 76 (coculture) uniquely identified proteins, suggesting the coculture to be a more sensitive model. Proteins included antioxidant enzymes such as catalase, superoxide dismutase and glutathione-S-transferases. Only 3 proteins were differentially regulated in the THP-1 cells, perhaps as these were only indirectly exposed. The results show promise regarding some aspects related to IBD complications, however, employing phytochemical-rich food items should be further investigated in in vivo trials.
authors.affiliation: Luxembourg Institute of Science and Technology - Environmental Research and Innovation Department, L-4422 Belvaux, Luxembourg.
authors.forename: Anouk
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Kaulmann
authors.affiliation: Luxembourg Institute of Science and Technology - Environmental Research and Innovation Department, L-4422 Belvaux, Luxembourg.
authors.forename: Sébastien
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Planchon
authors.affiliation: Luxembourg Institute of Science and Technology - Environmental Research and Innovation Department, L-4422 Belvaux, Luxembourg.
authors.forename: Jenny
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Renaut
authors.affiliation: Institut des Sciences de la Vie, UCLouvain, B-1348 Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium.
authors.forename: Yves-Jacques
authors.initials: YJ
authors.lastname: Schneider
authors.affiliation: Luxembourg Institute of Science and Technology - Environmental Research and Innovation Department, L-4422 Belvaux, Luxembourg.
authors.forename: Lucien
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Hoffmann
authors.affiliation: Luxembourg Institute of Science and Technology - Environmental Research and Innovation Department, L-4422 Belvaux, Luxembourg and Luxembourg Institute of Health, Population Health Department, L-1445 Strassen, Luxembourg. torsten.bohn@gmx.ch.
authors.forename: Torsten
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Bohn
mesh_terms: D001937:Brassica / Q000737:chemistry*; D018938:Caco-2 Cells; D002338:Carotenoids / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology*; D002470:Cell Survival; D004847:Epithelial Cells / Q000187:drug effects*; D005786:Gene Expression Regulation; D019073:HT29 Cells; D006801:Humans; D007249:Inflammation / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000378:metabolism*; D059808:Polyphenols / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology*; D020543:Proteome; D000068242:Prunus domestica / Q000737:chemistry*; D059467:Transcriptome
chemical_list: D059808:Polyphenols; D020543:Proteome; D002338:Carotenoids