title: Effects of craving behavioral intervention on neural substrates of cue-induced craving in Internet gaming disorder.
abstract: Internet gaming disorder (IGD) is characterized by high levels of craving for online gaming and related cues. Since addiction-related cues can evoke increased activation in brain areas involved in motivational and reward processing and may engender gaming behaviors or trigger relapse, ameliorating cue-induced craving may be a promising target for interventions for IGD. This study compared neural activation between 40 IGD and 19 healthy control (HC) subjects during an Internet-gaming cue-reactivity task and found that IGD subjects showed stronger activation in multiple brain areas, including the dorsal striatum, brainstem, substantia nigra, and anterior cingulate cortex, but lower activation in the posterior insula. Furthermore, twenty-three IGD subjects (CBI + group) participated in a craving behavioral intervention (CBI) group therapy, whereas the remaining 17 IGD subjects (CBI - group) did not receive any intervention, and all IGD subjects were scanned during similar time intervals. The CBI + group showed decreased IGD severity and cue-induced craving, enhanced activation in the anterior insula and decreased insular connectivity with the lingual gyrus and precuneus after receiving CBI. These findings suggest that CBI is effective in reducing craving and severity in IGD, and it may exert its effects by altering insula activation and its connectivity with regions involved in visual processing and attention bias.
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Cognitive Neuroscience and Learning and IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China; Center for Collaboration and Innovation in Brain and Learning Sciences, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China.
authors.forename: Jin-Tao
authors.initials: JT
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Cognitive Neuroscience and Learning and IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China.
authors.forename: Yuan-Wei
authors.initials: YW
authors.lastname: Yao
authors.affiliation: Departments of Psychiatry and Neuroscience, Child Study Center, and CASAColumbia, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06519, USA; Connecticut Mental Health Center, New Haven, CT 06519, USA.
authors.forename: Marc N
authors.initials: MN
authors.lastname: Potenza
authors.affiliation: Students Counseling Center, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China.
authors.forename: Cui-Cui
authors.initials: CC
authors.lastname: Xia
authors.affiliation: Institute of Developmental Psychology, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China.
authors.forename: Jing
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Lan
authors.affiliation: Institute of Developmental Psychology, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China.
authors.forename: Lu
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Cognitive Neuroscience and Learning and IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China.
authors.forename: Ling-Jiao
authors.initials: LJ
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Cognitive Neuroscience and Learning and IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China.
authors.forename: Ben
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Cognitive Neuroscience and Learning and IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China.
authors.forename: Shan-Shan
authors.initials: SS
authors.lastname: Ma
authors.affiliation: Institute of Developmental Psychology, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China.
authors.forename: Xiao-Yi
authors.initials: XY
authors.lastname: Fang
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D016739:Behavior, Addictive / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000503:physiopathology*; D001933:Brain Stem / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000503:physiopathology*; D002540:Cerebral Cortex / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000503:physiopathology*; D066249:Craving / Q000502:physiology*; D003463:Cues; D005260:Female; D006179:Gyrus Cinguli / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000503:physiopathology; D006801:Humans; D020407:Internet; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging; D008297:Male; D017072:Neostriatum / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000503:physiopathology*; D013378:Substantia Nigra / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000503:physiopathology; D018910:Video Games / Q000523:psychology*; D055815:Young Adult
keywords: Craving; Cue reactivity; Internet gaming disorder; Intervention; fMRI