title: Adaptation of targeted nanocarriers to changing requirements in antimalarial drug delivery.
abstract: The adaptation of existing antimalarial nanocarriers to new Plasmodium stages, drugs, targeting molecules, or encapsulating structures is a strategy that can provide new nanotechnology-based, cost-efficient therapies against malaria. We have explored the modification of different liposome prototypes that had been developed in our group for the targeted delivery of antimalarial drugs to Plasmodium-infected red blood cells (pRBCs). These new models include: (i) immunoliposome-mediated release of new lipid-based antimalarials; (ii) liposomes targeted to pRBCs with covalently linked heparin to reduce anticoagulation risks; (iii) adaptation of heparin to pRBC targeting of chitosan nanoparticles; (iv) use of heparin for the targeting of Plasmodium stages in the mosquito vector; and (v) use of the non-anticoagulant glycosaminoglycan chondroitin 4-sulfate as a heparin surrogate for pRBC targeting. The results presented indicate that the tuning of existing nanovessels to new malaria-related targets is a valid low-cost alternative to the de novo development of targeted nanosystems.
authors.affiliation: Nanomalaria Group, Institute for Bioengineering of Catalonia (IBEC), Barcelona, Spain; Barcelona Institute for Global Health (ISGlobal), Barcelona Center for International Health Research (CRESIB, Hospital Clínic-Universitat de Barcelona), Barcelona, Spain; Nanoscience and Nanotechnology Institute (IN2UB), University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.
authors.forename: Joana
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Marques
authors.affiliation: Nanomalaria Group, Institute for Bioengineering of Catalonia (IBEC), Barcelona, Spain; Barcelona Institute for Global Health (ISGlobal), Barcelona Center for International Health Research (CRESIB, Hospital Clínic-Universitat de Barcelona), Barcelona, Spain; Nanoscience and Nanotechnology Institute (IN2UB), University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.
authors.forename: Juan José
authors.initials: JJ
authors.lastname: Valle-Delgado
authors.affiliation: Nanomalaria Group, Institute for Bioengineering of Catalonia (IBEC), Barcelona, Spain; Barcelona Institute for Global Health (ISGlobal), Barcelona Center for International Health Research (CRESIB, Hospital Clínic-Universitat de Barcelona), Barcelona, Spain; Nanoscience and Nanotechnology Institute (IN2UB), University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.
authors.forename: Patricia
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Urbán
authors.affiliation: Nanomalaria Group, Institute for Bioengineering of Catalonia (IBEC), Barcelona, Spain; Barcelona Institute for Global Health (ISGlobal), Barcelona Center for International Health Research (CRESIB, Hospital Clínic-Universitat de Barcelona), Barcelona, Spain; Nanoscience and Nanotechnology Institute (IN2UB), University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.
authors.forename: Elisabet
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Baró
authors.affiliation: Unitat de Polimorfisme i Calorimetria, Centres Científics i Tecnològics, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.
authors.forename: Rafel
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Prohens
authors.affiliation: Barcelona Institute for Global Health (ISGlobal), Barcelona Center for International Health Research (CRESIB, Hospital Clínic-Universitat de Barcelona), Barcelona, Spain.
authors.forename: Alfredo
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Mayor
authors.affiliation: Barcelona Institute for Global Health (ISGlobal), Barcelona Center for International Health Research (CRESIB, Hospital Clínic-Universitat de Barcelona), Barcelona, Spain.
authors.forename: Pau
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Cisteró
authors.affiliation: Department of Life Sciences, Imperial College, South Kensington, London, UK.
authors.forename: Michael
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Delves
authors.affiliation: Department of Life Sciences, Imperial College, South Kensington, London, UK.
authors.forename: Robert E
authors.initials: RE
authors.lastname: Sinden
authors.affiliation: Interfacultary Research Center of Biomaterials (CEIB), University of Liège, Chemistry Institute, Liège (Sart-Tilman), Belgium.
authors.forename: Christian
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Grandfils
authors.affiliation: Instituto de Investigaciones Químicas (IIQ) CSIC-US, Centro de Investigaciones Científicas Isla de La Cartuja, Sevilla, Spain.
authors.forename: José L
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: de Paz
authors.affiliation: Unidad de Enfermedades Infecciosas y Microbiología, Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria ibs. Granada, Hospitales Universitarios de Granada/Universidad de Granada, Granada, Spain.
authors.forename: José A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: García-Salcedo
authors.affiliation: Nanomalaria Group, Institute for Bioengineering of Catalonia (IBEC), Barcelona, Spain; Barcelona Institute for Global Health (ISGlobal), Barcelona Center for International Health Research (CRESIB, Hospital Clínic-Universitat de Barcelona), Barcelona, Spain; Nanoscience and Nanotechnology Institute (IN2UB), University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain. Electronic address: xfernandez_busquets@ub.edu.
authors.forename: Xavier
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Fernàndez-Busquets
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000962:Antimalarials / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D002809:Chondroitin Sulfates / Q000627:therapeutic use; D016503:Drug Delivery Systems; D006801:Humans; D008081:Liposomes; D008288:Malaria / Q000188:drug therapy; D051379:Mice; D053758:Nanoparticles / Q000008:administration & dosage
chemical_list: D000962:Antimalarials; D008081:Liposomes; D002809:Chondroitin Sulfates
keywords: Glycosaminoglycans; Malaria; Nanomedicine; Plasmodium; Targeted drug delivery