title: Effects of patulin and ascladiol on porcine intestinal mucosa: An ex vivo approach.
abstract: Patulin (PAT) is a secondary metabolite mainly produced by Aspergillus and Penicillium that is frequently found contaminating apples and rotten fruits. Patulin can be transformed in potencially less toxic compounds such as ascladiol (ASC). Toxic effects of patulin were described in rats and in in vitro models, however concerning ascladiol, data are restricted to metabolic pathways. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the effects of different concentrations of PAT (10 μM, 30 μM, 100 μM) and ASC (30 μM, 100 μM) on intestinal tissue using the jejunal explant model. Explants from pigs were exposed for 4 h to PAT and ASC and after this period were processed for histological, morphometrical and immunohistochemical analysis. Mild histological changes were observed in jejunal explants exposed to PAT and ASC, however no significant difference in the lesional score or villi height was observed between the PAT/ASC-groups and the control. Also, explants exposed to 100 μM of PAT showed a significant decrease in goblet cells density and a significant increase in cell apoptosis. These results indicate that high levels of patulin can induce mild toxic effects on intestinal mucosa whereas ascladiol apparently is non-toxic to intestinal tissue.
authors.affiliation: Universidade Estadual de Londrina, Laboratory of Animal Pathology, Campus Universitário, Rodovia Celso Garcia Cid, Km 380, Londrina, Paraná 86051-990, Brazil.
authors.forename: Leila
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Maidana
authors.affiliation: Universidade Estadual de Londrina, Laboratory of Animal Pathology, Campus Universitário, Rodovia Celso Garcia Cid, Km 380, Londrina, Paraná 86051-990, Brazil.
authors.forename: Juliana R
authors.initials: JR
authors.lastname: Gerez
authors.affiliation: Université de Toulouse, Toxalim (Research Center in Food Toxicology), INRA, ENVT, INP-PURPAN, UPS, Toulouse, France; Université Saint-Joseph, Centre d'Analyses et de Recherches (Faculté des Sciences), Campus des Sciences et Technologies, Mar Roukos, Mkallès, P.O Box 11- 514 Riad El Solh, Beyrouth 1107 2050, Lebanon.
authors.forename: Rhoda
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: El Khoury
authors.affiliation: Universidade Estadual de Londrina, Laboratory of Animal Pathology, Campus Universitário, Rodovia Celso Garcia Cid, Km 380, Londrina, Paraná 86051-990, Brazil.
authors.forename: Felipe
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Pinho
authors.affiliation: Université de Toulouse, Toxalim (Research Center in Food Toxicology), INRA, ENVT, INP-PURPAN, UPS, Toulouse, France.
authors.forename: Olivier
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Puel
authors.affiliation: Université de Toulouse, Toxalim (Research Center in Food Toxicology), INRA, ENVT, INP-PURPAN, UPS, Toulouse, France.
authors.forename: Isabelle P
authors.initials: IP
authors.lastname: Oswald
authors.affiliation: Universidade Estadual de Londrina, Laboratory of Animal Pathology, Campus Universitário, Rodovia Celso Garcia Cid, Km 380, Londrina, Paraná 86051-990, Brazil. Electronic address: ana.bracarense@pq.cnpq.br.
authors.forename: Ana Paula F R L
authors.initials: APFRL
authors.lastname: Bracarense
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D017209:Apoptosis / Q000187:drug effects*; D005663:Furans / Q000494:pharmacology*; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D007413:Intestinal Mucosa / Q000187:drug effects / Q000473:pathology*; D007583:Jejunum / Q000187:drug effects / Q000473:pathology*; D008297:Male; D010365:Patulin / Q000494:pharmacology*; D051381:Rats; D013552:Swine; D046509:Tissue Culture Techniques
chemical_list: D005663:Furans; C038422:ascladiol; D010365:Patulin
keywords: Goblet cells; Histopathology; Intestinal explants; Mycotoxins; Toxicity