title: Association Between Endogenous Testosterone and Cerebrovascular Disease in the ARIC Study (Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities).
abstract: Epidemiological studies in men suggest a relationship between endogenous testosterone and ischemic vascular events. We hypothesized that low testosterone is independently associated with ischemic stroke and ischemic brain changes.
  
  
  
  In 1558 male participants (mean [SD] age, 63.1 [5.6] years; body mass index, 28.2 [4.3] kg/m2) from visit 4 (1996-1998) of the ARIC study (Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities) without cardiovascular disease, stroke, and previous testosterone therapy, we measured plasma total testosterone by liquid chromatography mass spectrometry using morning samples and divided levels into tertiles (median [25th-75th percentile], 377.6 [288.4-480.1] ng/dL). General linear models, for cross-sectional analyses, and proportional hazards regression, for time-to-event analysis, examined the association of testosterone with participant characteristics and incident stroke through 2011. Linear and logistic regression models examined the association of testosterone with percentage white matter hyperintensities and prevalent infarcts in participants (n=257) who underwent brain magnetic resonance imaging at visit 5 (2011-2013). Analyses were adjusted for age, race, and ARIC center, body mass index, waist circumference, smoking status, diabetes mellitus, hypertension, low-density lipoprotein, and high-density lipoprotein.
  
  
  
  Lower testosterone was significantly associated with higher body mass index, greater waist circumference, diabetes mellitus, hypertension, lower high-density lipoprotein, and never smoking. After adjustment, no association of testosterone with incident stroke was found (hazard ratios [95% confidence intervals] for tertile 1 or 3 versus 2, 1.47 [0.83-2.61], 1.15 [0.62-2.14]; median follow-up, 14.1 years), nor with percentage white matter hyperintensities, cortical infarcts, or subcortical infarcts.
  
  
  
  After controlling for atherosclerotic risk factors, there was no association between endogenous testosterone and incident clinical stroke or ischemic brain changes in community-dwelling men.
authors.affiliation: From the Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Bone Diseases, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York (R.S.); Cerebrovascular Division, Department of Neurology (R.F.G.) and Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism (S.H.G., A.D.), and Division of General Internal Medicine (K.A.C.), Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD; and Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD (R.F.G., S.H.G., K.A.C.).
authors.forename: Reshmi
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Srinath
authors.affiliation: From the Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Bone Diseases, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York (R.S.); Cerebrovascular Division, Department of Neurology (R.F.G.) and Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism (S.H.G., A.D.), and Division of General Internal Medicine (K.A.C.), Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD; and Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD (R.F.G., S.H.G., K.A.C.).
authors.forename: Rebecca F
authors.initials: RF
authors.lastname: Gottesman
authors.affiliation: From the Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Bone Diseases, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York (R.S.); Cerebrovascular Division, Department of Neurology (R.F.G.) and Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism (S.H.G., A.D.), and Division of General Internal Medicine (K.A.C.), Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD; and Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD (R.F.G., S.H.G., K.A.C.).
authors.forename: Sherita
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Hill Golden
authors.affiliation: From the Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Bone Diseases, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York (R.S.); Cerebrovascular Division, Department of Neurology (R.F.G.) and Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism (S.H.G., A.D.), and Division of General Internal Medicine (K.A.C.), Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD; and Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD (R.F.G., S.H.G., K.A.C.).
authors.forename: Kathryn A
authors.initials: KA
authors.lastname: Carson
authors.affiliation: From the Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Bone Diseases, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York (R.S.); Cerebrovascular Division, Department of Neurology (R.F.G.) and Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism (S.H.G., A.D.), and Division of General Internal Medicine (K.A.C.), Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD; and Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD (R.F.G., S.H.G., K.A.C.). adobs@jhmi.edu.
authors.forename: Adrian
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Dobs
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D050197:Atherosclerosis / Q000097:blood* / Q000453:epidemiology; D020520:Brain Infarction / Q000097:blood / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000453:epidemiology; D002545:Brain Ischemia / Q000097:blood* / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000453:epidemiology; D003920:Diabetes Mellitus / Q000453:epidemiology; D006801:Humans; D006973:Hypertension / Q000453:epidemiology; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D012307:Risk Factors; D020521:Stroke / Q000097:blood* / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000453:epidemiology; D013739:Testosterone / Q000097:blood*; D014481:United States / Q000453:epidemiology; D055105:Waist Circumference
chemical_list: D013739:Testosterone
keywords: atherosclerosis; epidemiologic studies; risk factors; stroke; testosterone