title: Essential and toxic elements in commercial baby food on the Spanish and Serbian market.
abstract: About 10 heavy elements were determined in 90 samples of baby food collected from Spanish and Serbian market. The results indicated that iron, manganese and copper were most frequently detected. Tin was the predominant toxic element in both Spanish and Serbian samples, with occurrence frequencies of 12.5% and 10.0%, respectively. Element intake for Spanish and Serbian infants were estimated and compared with the recommended reference values, for the majority of elements being lower than one. However, iron and manganese intake through consumption of infant/follow-on formulas were assessed to be higher than the respective daily intakes. Particular attention should be paid to the exposure of infants who consume porridges made of vegetables and fish or chicken, because they may ingest certain elements, particularly arsenic and lead, at levels that exceed the reference toxicological values. Principal component analysis (PCA) was applied to classify and distinguish the different types of baby food.
authors.affiliation: a Faculty of Technology , University of Novi Sad , Novi Sad , Serbia.
authors.forename: Biljana
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Škrbić
authors.affiliation: a Faculty of Technology , University of Novi Sad , Novi Sad , Serbia.
authors.forename: Jelena
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Živančev
authors.affiliation: b Faculty of Medicine , University of Novi Sad , Novi Sad , Serbia.
authors.forename: Grigorije
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Jovanović
authors.affiliation: c Department of Environmental Chemistry , Institute of Environmental Assessment and Water Research (IDAEA-CSIC) , Barcelona , Spain.
authors.forename: Marinella
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Farre
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D003132:Commerce; D004032:Diet; D004781:Environmental Exposure / Q000032:analysis*; D005506:Food Contamination / Q000032:analysis*; D005523:Food Supply / Q000592:standards*; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D041943:Infant Formula / Q000032:analysis*; D008460:Meat; D019216:Metals, Heavy / Q000032:analysis* / Q000633:toxicity; D025341:Principal Component Analysis; D012016:Reference Values; D017747:Seafood; D055771:Serbia; D013030:Spain; D014131:Trace Elements / Q000032:analysis* / Q000633:toxicity; D014675:Vegetables
chemical_list: D019216:Metals, Heavy; D014131:Trace Elements
keywords: AAS-GF; Essential and toxic elements; baby food; daily intake assessment; principal component analysis