title: Foeniculum vulgare Mill. increases cytosolic Ca2+concentration and inhibits store-operated Ca2+entry in vascular endothelial cells.
abstract: This study assessed the effects of essential oil of Foeniculum vulgare Mill. (fennel oil) and of trans-anethole, the main component of fennel oil, on extracellular Ca2+-induced store-operated Ca2+entry (SOCE) into vascular endothelial (EA) cells and their mechanisms of action. Components of fennel oil were analyzed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. Cytosolic Ca2+concentration ([Ca2+]c) in EA cells was determined using Fura-2 fluorescence. In the presence of extracellular Ca2+, fennel oil significantly increased [Ca2+]cin EA cells; this increase was significantly inhibited by the Ca2+channel blockers La3+and nifedipine. In contrast, fennel oil induced [Ca2+]cwas significantly lower in Ca2+-free solution, suggesting that fennel oil increases [Ca2+]cmainly by enhancing Ca2+influx into EA cells. [Ca2+]cmobilization by trans-anethole was similar to that of fennel oil. Moreover, SOCE was suppressed by fennel oil and trans-anethole. SOCE was also attenuated by lanthanum (La3+), a non-selective cation channel (NSC) blocker; 2-aminoethoxydiphenyl borane (2-APB), an inositol 1,4,5-triphosphate (IP3) receptor inhibitor and SOCE blocker; and U73122, an inhibitor of phospholipase C (PLC). Further, SOCE was more strongly inhibited by La3+plus fennel oil or trans-anethole than by La3+alone. These findings suggest that fennel oil and trans-anethole significantly inhibit SOCE-induced [Ca2+]cincrease in vascular endothelial cells and that these reactions may be mediated by NSC, IP3-dependent Ca2+mobilization, and PLC activation.
authors.affiliation: Department of Basic Nursing Science, School of Nursing, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: A Young
authors.initials: AY
authors.lastname: Han
authors.affiliation: Department of Basic Nursing Science, School of Nursing, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Hui Su
authors.initials: HS
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.affiliation: Department of Basic Nursing Science, School of Nursing, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea. Electronic address: ghseol@korea.ac.kr.
authors.forename: Geun Hee
authors.initials: GH
authors.lastname: Seol
mesh_terms: D000081248:Allylbenzene Derivatives; D000840:Anisoles / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000494:pharmacology; D002118:Calcium / Q000378:metabolism*; D002121:Calcium Channel Blockers / Q000494:pharmacology; D002460:Cell Line; D002470:Cell Survival / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology; D003600:Cytosol / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism*; D042783:Endothelial Cells / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism*; D030001:Foeniculum; D006801:Humans; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000494:pharmacology*; D010938:Plant Oils / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000494:pharmacology*
chemical_list: D000081248:Allylbenzene Derivatives; D000840:Anisoles; D002121:Calcium Channel Blockers; D010936:Plant Extracts; D010938:Plant Oils; C006578:anethole; D002118:Calcium
keywords: Cytosolic Ca(2+); Foeniculum vulgare Mill.; Store-operated Ca(2+) entry; Vascular endothelial cells; trans-anethole