title: For whom is a health-promoting intervention effective? Predictive factors for performing activities of daily living independently.
abstract: Health-promoting interventions tailored to support older persons to remain in their homes, so-called "ageing in place" is important for supporting or improving their health. The health-promoting programme "Elderly Persons in the Risk Zone," (EPRZ) was set up for this purpose and has shown positive results for maintaining independence in activities of daily living for older persons 80 years and above at 1- and 2 year follow-ups. The aim of this study was to explore factors for maintaining independence in the EPRZ health-promoting programme.
  
  
  
  Total of 459 participants in the original trial was included in the analysis; 345 in the programme arm and 114 in the control arm. Thirteen variables, including demographic, health, and programme-specific indicators, were chosen as predictors for independence of activities of daily living. Logistic regression was performed separately for participants in the health promotion programme and in the control arm.
  
  
  
  In the programme arm, being younger, living alone and self-rated lack of tiredness in performing mobility activities predicted a positive effect of independence in activities of daily living at 1-year follow-up (odds ratio [OR] 1.18, 1.73, 3.02) and 2-year, (OR 1.13, 2.01, 2.02). In the control arm, being less frail was the only predictor at 1-year follow up (OR 1.6 1.09, 2.4); no variables predicted the outcome at the 2-year follow-up.
  
  
  
  Older persons living alone - as a risk of ill health - should be especially recognized and offered an opportunity to participate in health-promoting programmes such as "Elderly Persons in the Risk Zone". Further, screening for subjective frailty could form an advantageous guiding principle to target the right population when deciding to whom health-promoting intervention should be offered.
  
  
  
  The original clinical trial was registered at ClinicalTrials.gov. Identifier: NCT00877058 , April 6, 2009.
authors.affiliation: Department of Health and Rehabilitation, The Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Box 455, SE 405 30, Gothenburg, Sweden. synneve.dahlin-ivanoff@gu.se.|Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, University of Gothenburg Centre for Ageing and Health (AgeCap), SE 405 30, Gothenburg, Sweden. synneve.dahlin-ivanoff@gu.se.
authors.forename: Synneve
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Dahlin-Ivanoff
authors.affiliation: Department of Health and Rehabilitation, The Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Box 455, SE 405 30, Gothenburg, Sweden.|Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, University of Gothenburg Centre for Ageing and Health (AgeCap), SE 405 30, Gothenburg, Sweden.
authors.forename: Kajsa
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Eklund
authors.affiliation: Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, University of Gothenburg Centre for Ageing and Health (AgeCap), SE 405 30, Gothenburg, Sweden.|Department of Geriatrics, The Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Blå stråket 5, SE 413 45, Göteborg, Sweden.
authors.forename: Katarina
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Wilhelmson
authors.affiliation: Department of Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Lund University, SE 221 00, Lund, Sweden.
authors.forename: Lina
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Behm
authors.affiliation: Department of Health and Rehabilitation, The Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Box 455, SE 405 30, Gothenburg, Sweden.|Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, University of Gothenburg Centre for Ageing and Health (AgeCap), SE 405 30, Gothenburg, Sweden.
authors.forename: Greta
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Häggblom-Kronlöf
authors.affiliation: Department of Health and Rehabilitation, The Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Box 455, SE 405 30, Gothenburg, Sweden.
authors.forename: Lena
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Zidén
authors.affiliation: Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, University of Gothenburg Centre for Ageing and Health (AgeCap), SE 405 30, Gothenburg, Sweden.
authors.forename: Sten
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Landahl
authors.affiliation: Department of Health and Rehabilitation, The Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Box 455, SE 405 30, Gothenburg, Sweden.|Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, University of Gothenburg Centre for Ageing and Health (AgeCap), SE 405 30, Gothenburg, Sweden.
authors.forename: Susanne
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Gustafsson
mesh_terms: D000203:Activities of Daily Living / Q000523:psychology*; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000375:Aging / Q000502:physiology / Q000523:psychology; D003710:Demography; D005260:Female; D016330:Frail Elderly; D006293:Health Promotion / Q000379:methods / Q000458:organization & administration; D006301:Health Services Needs and Demand; D054624:Health Status Disparities; D006801:Humans; D057187:Independent Living / Q000523:psychology; D016015:Logistic Models; D008297:Male; D051346:Mobility Limitation; D018570:Risk Assessment; D012307:Risk Factors
keywords: 80 and over; Activities of daily living (ADL); Aged; Ageing; Frail elderly; Health promotion; Logistic regression