title: Daily profiles of melatonin synthesis-related indoles in the pineal glands of young chickens (Gallus gallus domesticus L.).
abstract: The aim of the present study was to characterize the daily profiles of melatonin synthesis-related indoles in the pineal glands of male Hy-Line chickens hatched in the winter and reared under controlled light (L:D 12:12) conditions. The pineal glands were isolated from 16-day-old birds immediately after decapitation every 2h over a 24-h period. The indole contents were measured using HPLC with fluorescence detection. According to the obtained data, in chicken pineal glands tryptophan occurred at the highest level among the investigated compounds, showing rhythmical, daily changes with decreased levels during the scotophase. Rhythmical fluctuations were also observed for all studied tryptophan derivatives, except serotonin, 5-hydroxyindole acetic acid and 5-hydroxytryptophol. The highest levels of 5-hydroxytryptophan, N-acetylserotonin and melatonin were observed during the night, whereas the highest levels of 5-methoxytryptophol and 5-methoxyindoleacetic acid were observed during the day. The most interesting results concerned serotonin and the associated oxidative deamination products. The serotonin content did not exceed 5% of all investigated indoles, suggesting that there is no reserve pool of this indoleamine in the chicken pineal gland and that the activity of aromatic L-amino acid decarboxylase might be an important factor of melatonin synthesis regulation. In contrast to serotonin, 5-hydroxyindole acetic acid occurred at high levels in the investigated pineal gland, suggesting intensive oxidative deamination and explaining the observed low content of this indoleamine.
authors.affiliation: Department of Animal Physiology, Faculty of Biology, University of Warsaw, Miecznikowa 1, 02-096 Warsaw, Poland. Electronic address: iadamska@biol.uw.edu.pl.
authors.forename: Iwona
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Adamska
authors.affiliation: Department of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Warmia and Mazury, Oczapowskiego 14, 10-719 Olsztyn, Poland. Electronic address: lewczukb@uwm.edu.pl.
authors.forename: Bogdan
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Lewczuk
authors.affiliation: Department of Animal Physiology, Faculty of Biology, University of Warsaw, Miecznikowa 1, 02-096 Warsaw, Poland. Electronic address: markosia@biol.uw.edu.pl.
authors.forename: Magdalena
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Markowska
authors.affiliation: Department of Animal Physiology, Faculty of Biology, University of Warsaw, Miecznikowa 1, 02-096 Warsaw, Poland. Electronic address: pmajew@biol.uw.edu.pl.
authors.forename: Pawel M
authors.initials: PM
authors.lastname: Majewski
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002645:Chickens; D007211:Indoles / Q000378:metabolism*; D008550:Melatonin / Q000096:biosynthesis*; D010870:Pineal Gland / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D007211:Indoles; D008550:Melatonin
keywords: Chickens; Indoles; Melatonin biosynthesis; Pineal gland; Serotonin