title: Cardiovascular risk profiles of world masters games participants.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Increasing evidence indicates adherence to exercise throughout life is concurrent with improved health. World masters games (WMG) have more participants than any other international sporting competition and is under investigated, particularly with regard to indices of cardiovascular disease risk. Therefore, we chose to investigate selected cardiovascular risk factors in WMG participants.
  
  
  METHODS
  This was a cross-sectional, observational study which utilized a web-based questionnaire to survey cardiovascular risk factors of WMG participants. The survey consisted of three sections: basic demographics, medical history and physiological parameters which included Body Mass Index (BMI), waist circumference (WC), resting blood pressure (BP) and lipids (total cholesterol [TC], high density lipoprotein [HDL] and low density lipoprotein [LDL]).
  
  
  RESULTS
  A total of 1435 participants, 872 male, aged 27-91 years (mean age 54.99 years) participated in the study. Key findings included significant differences (P<0.05) between genders in BMI (17.7%, P<0.001), WC (10.6%, P<0.001), resting SBP (5.8%, P<0.001) and resting DBP (4.8%, P<0.001). Significant differences were also found between genders in HDLs (15.2%, P<0.001), TC:HDL ratio (17.2%, P<0.001) and LDL:HDL ratio (19.0%, P<0.001). Significant differences (P<0.001) were also identified when comparing WMG lipid results to the Australian general population (TC P<0.001; HDLs P<0.001; LDLs P<0.001).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  A high percentage of WMG participants demonstrated optimal values in a number of cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk factors when compared to the general population, female WMG participants had better values as compared to males. This reflected a decreased CVD in WMG participants and supports our hypothesis of enhanced health characteristics in an active, but aged cohort.
authors.affiliation: Exercise Health and Performance Faculty Research Group, Faculty of Health Sciences, The University of Sydney, Lidcombe, Australia - mike.climstein@sydney.edu.au.|Vale Medical Practice, Brookvale, Australia - mike.climstein@sydney.edu.au.
authors.forename: Mike
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Climstein
authors.affiliation: Charles Darwin University, School of Environmental and Life Sciences, Faculty Education, Health and Science, Casuarina, Australia.|Fitness Clinic, Five Dock, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.
authors.forename: Joe
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Walsh
authors.affiliation: Southern Utah University, Cedar City, UT, USA.
authors.forename: Mark
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Debeliso
authors.affiliation: Charles Darwin University, School of Environmental and Life Sciences, Faculty Education, Health and Science, Casuarina, Australia.
authors.forename: Tim
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Heazlewood
authors.affiliation: Kinesiology Department, California State University Monterey Bay, Seaside, CA, USA.
authors.forename: Trish
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Sevene
authors.affiliation: Kinesiology Department, California State University Monterey Bay, Seaside, CA, USA.
authors.forename: Kent
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Adams
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000886:Anthropometry / Q000379:methods; D056352:Athletes; D001315:Australia; D001794:Blood Pressure / Q000502:physiology; D002318:Cardiovascular Diseases / Q000209:etiology*; D015331:Cohort Studies; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008055:Lipids / Q000097:blood; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D018570:Risk Assessment / Q000379:methods; D012307:Risk Factors; D013177:Sports / Q000502:physiology*; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires
chemical_list: D008055:Lipids