title: Celastrus orbiculatus extract inhibits the migration and invasion of human glioblastoma cells in vitro.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Gliomas are highly aggressive tumors of the nervous system, and current treatments fail to improve patient survival. To identify substances that can be used as treatments for gliomas, we examined the effect of Celastrus orbiculatus extract (COE) on the invasion and migration of human glioblastoma U87 and U251 cells in vitro.
  
  
  METHODS
  The effects of COE on cell viability and adhesion were tested using the 3-(4,5-dimethyl-2-thiazolyl)-2,5-diphenyl-2-H-tetrazolium bromide assay and cell adhesion assay, respectively. The effects of COE on cell migration and invasion were assessed by a wound-healing assay and transwell migration and invasion assays. The effects of COE on the expression of epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT)-related proteins and matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) were evaluated using western blot and gelatin zymography, respectively. Finally, the effect of COE on actin assembly was observed using phalloidin-tetramethylrhodamine isothiocyanate labeling and confocal laser scanning microscopy.
  
  
  RESULTS
  We found that COE inhibited the adhesion, migration, and invasion of U87 and U251 cells in a dose-dependent manner. COE reduced N-cadherin and vimentin expression, increased E-cadherin expression, and reduced MMP-2 and MMP-9 expression in U87 and U251 cells. Furthermore, COE inhibited actin assembly in U87 and U251 cells.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  COE attenuates EMT, MMP expression, and actin assembly in human glioblastoma cells, thereby inhibiting their adhesion, migration, and invasion in vitro.
authors.affiliation: Yangzhou University-Yangzhou Cancer Research Institute, Yangzhou, 225009, China.|The Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Treatment of Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, China.|Medical&Pharmaceutical Institute of Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, China.
authors.forename: Hao
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Gu
authors.affiliation: Yangzhou University-Yangzhou Cancer Research Institute, Yangzhou, 225009, China.|The Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Treatment of Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, China.|Medical&Pharmaceutical Institute of Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, China.
authors.forename: Jun
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Feng
authors.affiliation: Yangzhou University-Yangzhou Cancer Research Institute, Yangzhou, 225009, China.|The Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Treatment of Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, China.|Medical&Pharmaceutical Institute of Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, China.
authors.forename: Haibo
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: Yangzhou University-Yangzhou Cancer Research Institute, Yangzhou, 225009, China.|The Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Treatment of Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, China.|Medical&Pharmaceutical Institute of Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, China.
authors.forename: Yayun
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Qian
authors.affiliation: Yangzhou University-Yangzhou Cancer Research Institute, Yangzhou, 225009, China.|The Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Treatment of Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, China.|Medical&Pharmaceutical Institute of Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, China.
authors.forename: Lin
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.affiliation: Yangzhou University-Yangzhou Cancer Research Institute, Yangzhou, 225009, China.|The Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Treatment of Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, China.|Medical&Pharmaceutical Institute of Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, China.
authors.forename: Jue
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.affiliation: Yangzhou University-Yangzhou Cancer Research Institute, Yangzhou, 225009, China.|The Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Treatment of Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, China.|Medical&Pharmaceutical Institute of Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, China.
authors.forename: Feng
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Jin
authors.affiliation: Yangzhou University-Yangzhou Cancer Research Institute, Yangzhou, 225009, China.|The Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Treatment of Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, China.|Medical&Pharmaceutical Institute of Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, China.
authors.forename: Youyang
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Shi
authors.affiliation: Yangzhou University-Yangzhou Cancer Research Institute, Yangzhou, 225009, China.|The Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Treatment of Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, China.|Medical&Pharmaceutical Institute of Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, China.
authors.forename: Songhua
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Lu
authors.affiliation: Yangzhou University-Yangzhou Cancer Research Institute, Yangzhou, 225009, China. liuyq@yzu.edu.cn.|The Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Treatment of Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, China. liuyq@yzu.edu.cn.|Medical&Pharmaceutical Institute of Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, China. liuyq@yzu.edu.cn.
authors.forename: Yangqing
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Liu
mesh_terms: D031247:Celastrus / Q000737:chemistry*; D045744:Cell Line, Tumor; D002465:Cell Movement / Q000187:drug effects*; D003599:Cytoskeleton / Q000187:drug effects; D058750:Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition / Q000187:drug effects*; D005909:Glioblastoma; D006801:Humans; D009361:Neoplasm Invasiveness; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology*
chemical_list: D010936:Plant Extracts
keywords: Actin; Celastrus orbiculatus; EMT; Glioblastoma; Invasion; Migration