title: Increased Expression of the Receptor for Advanced Glycation End-Products (RAGE) Is Associated with Advanced Breast Cancer Stage.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The receptor for advanced glycation end-products (RAGE) is a multiligand transmembrane receptor that is overexpressed in various pathological conditions including cancers. However, the expression pattern of RAGE in breast cancer tumors is still not completely clear.
  
  
  METHODS
  In this study, we investigated the expression levels of RAGE in 25 fresh-frozen breast cancer samples and corresponding noncancerous tissue samples collected from breast cancer patients, by real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Additionally, we performed immunohistochemistry on breast cancer specimens.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The results indicate a high expression of the RAGE-encoding gene in the cancerous tissues. RAGE expression at the mRNA and protein levels was statistically significantly up-regulated in advanced-stage and triple-negative breast tumors and node-positive tissues compared with other tissues (p < 0.001). A significant association between RAGE expression and tumor size was observed (p = 0.029).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Overexpression of RAGE in advanced-stage tumors may be a useful biomarker for diagnosis and the prediction of breast cancer progression.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran.
authors.forename: Maryam
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Nankali
authors.forename: Jamshid
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Karimi
authors.forename: Mohammad T
authors.initials: MT
authors.lastname: Goodarzi
authors.forename: Massoud
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Saidijam
authors.forename: Iraj
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Khodadadi
authors.forename: Amir N Emami
authors.initials: AN
authors.lastname: Razavi
authors.forename: Farzaneh
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Rahimi
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor / Q000378:metabolism*; D001943:Breast Neoplasms / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008875:Middle Aged; D009367:Neoplasm Staging; D000067759:Receptor for Advanced Glycation End Products / Q000097:blood*; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D012307:Risk Factors; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D015854:Up-Regulation
chemical_list: D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor; D000067759:Receptor for Advanced Glycation End Products