title: Uncertainty assessment of gamma-aminobutyric acid concentration of different brain regions in individual and group using residual bootstrap analysis.
abstract: The aim of this work is to quantify individual and regional differences in the relative concentration of gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) in human brain with in vivo magnetic resonance spectroscopy. Spectral editing Mescher-Garwood point resolved spectroscopy (MEGA-PRESS) sequence and GABA analysis toolkit (Gannet) were used to detect and quantify GABA in anterior cingulate cortex (ACC) and occipital cortex (OCC) of healthy volunteers. Residual bootstrap, a model-based statistical analysis technique, was applied to resample the fitting residuals of GABA from the Gaussian fitting model (referred to as GABA+thereafter) in both individual and group data of ACC and OCC. The inter-subject coefficient of variation (CV) of GABA+in OCC (20.66 %) and ACC (12.55 %) with residual bootstrap was lower than that of a standard Gaussian model analysis (21.58 % and 16.73 % for OCC and ACC, respectively). The intra-subject uncertainty and CV of OCC were lower than that of ACC in both analyses. The residual bootstrap analysis thus provides a more robust uncertainty estimation of individual and group GABA+detection in different brain regions, which may be useful in our understanding of GABA biochemistry in brain and its use for the diagnosis of related neuropsychiatric diseases.
authors.affiliation: Center for Brain Imaging Science and Technology, Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Biomedical Engineering and Instrument Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China.
authors.forename: Meng
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.affiliation: Center for Brain Imaging Science and Technology, Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Biomedical Engineering and Instrument Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China. liaocongyu@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Congyu
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Liao
authors.affiliation: Center for Brain Imaging Science and Technology, Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Biomedical Engineering and Instrument Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China.
authors.forename: Song
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.affiliation: Center for Brain Imaging Science and Technology, Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Biomedical Engineering and Instrument Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China.
authors.forename: Qiuping
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Ding
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, Hangzhou First People's Hospital, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China.
authors.forename: Darong
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Zhu
authors.affiliation: MR Collaboration NE Asia, Siemens Healthcare, Shanghai, China.
authors.forename: Hui
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.affiliation: MR Collaboration NE Asia, Siemens Healthcare, Shanghai, China.
authors.forename: Xu
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Yan
authors.affiliation: Center for Brain Imaging Science and Technology, Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Biomedical Engineering and Instrument Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China.|Department of Imaging Sciences, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY, USA.|Center for Innovative and Collaborative Detection and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China.
authors.forename: Jianhui
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Zhong
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D005260:Female; D006179:Gyrus Cinguli / Q000378:metabolism*; D006801:Humans; D009682:Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy / Q000379:methods; D008297:Male; D001523:Mental Disorders / Q000378:metabolism; D009778:Occipital Lobe / Q000378:metabolism*; D035501:Uncertainty; D055815:Young Adult; D005680:gamma-Aminobutyric Acid / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D005680:gamma-Aminobutyric Acid
keywords: Gamma-aminobutyric acid; Mescher–Garwood point resolved spectroscopy; Residual bootstrap; Uncertainty