title: Anammox biofilm in activated sludge swine wastewater treatment plants.
abstract: We investigated anammox with a focus on biofilm in 10 wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) that use activated sludge treatment of swine wastewater. In three plants, we found red biofilms in aeration tanks or final sedimentation tanks. The biofilm had higher anammox 16S rRNA gene copy numbers (up to 1.35 × 1012copies/g-VSS) and higher anammox activity (up to 295 μmoL/g-ignition loss/h) than suspended solids in the same tank. Pyrosequencing analysis revealed that Planctomycetes accounted for up to 17.7% of total reads in the biofilm. Most of them were related to Candidatus Brocadia or Ca. Jettenia. The highest copy number and the highest proportion of Planctomycetes were comparable to those of enriched anammox sludge. Thus, swine WWTPs that use activated sludge treatment can fortuitously acquire anammox biofilm. Thus, concentrated anammox can be detected by focusing on red biofilm.
authors.affiliation: Ibaraki Prefectural Livestock Research Center, 1234 Negoya, Ishioka, Ibaraki 315-0132, Japan.
authors.forename: Ryu
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Suto
authors.affiliation: Shizuoka Prefectural Research Institute of Animal Industry Swine & Poultry Research Center, 2780 Nishikata, Kikugawa, Shizuoka 439-0037 Japan.
authors.forename: Chikako
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Ishimoto
authors.affiliation: Shizuoka Prefectural Research Institute of Animal Industry Swine & Poultry Research Center, 2780 Nishikata, Kikugawa, Shizuoka 439-0037 Japan.
authors.forename: Mikio
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Chikyu
authors.affiliation: Ibaraki Prefectural Livestock Research Center, 1234 Negoya, Ishioka, Ibaraki 315-0132, Japan.
authors.forename: Yoshito
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Aihara
authors.affiliation: Advanced Genomics Breeding Section, Institute of Crop Science, National Agriculture and Food Research Organization, 1-2 Owashi, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8634, Japan.
authors.forename: Toshimi
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Matsumoto
authors.affiliation: Division of Animal Sciences, Institute of Agrobiological Sciences, National Agriculture and Food Research Organization, 1-2 Owashi, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8634, Japan.
authors.forename: Hirohide
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Uenishi
authors.affiliation: National Agriculture and Food Research Organization, Institute of Livestock and Grassland Science, Animal Waste Management and Environment Research Division, 2 Ikenodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0901, Japan.
authors.forename: Tomoko
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Yasuda
authors.affiliation: National Agriculture and Food Research Organization, Institute of Livestock and Grassland Science, Animal Waste Management and Environment Research Division, 2 Ikenodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0901, Japan.
authors.forename: Yasuyuki
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Fukumoto
authors.affiliation: National Agriculture and Food Research Organization, Institute of Livestock and Grassland Science, Animal Waste Management and Environment Research Division, 2 Ikenodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0901, Japan. Electronic address: mwaki@affrc.go.jp.
authors.forename: Miyoko
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Waki
mesh_terms: D000641:Ammonia / Q000032:analysis* / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism; D000693:Anaerobiosis; D000818:Animals; D018441:Biofilms / Q000254:growth & development*; D019149:Bioreactors / Q000382:microbiology*; D010084:Oxidation-Reduction; D061328:Planctomycetales / Q000235:genetics / Q000254:growth & development; D012336:RNA, Ribosomal, 16S / Q000235:genetics; D012722:Sewage / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000382:microbiology; D013552:Swine; D062065:Wastewater / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000382:microbiology; D018508:Water Purification / Q000379:methods*
chemical_list: D000641:Ammonia; D012336:RNA, Ribosomal, 16S; D012722:Sewage; D062065:Wastewater
keywords: Activated sludge; Anammox; Biofilm; Swine wastewater