title: Heteroatomic Conjugated Polymers and the Spectral Tuning of Electroluminescence via a Supramolecular Coordination Strategy.
abstract: The unique electronic structures of heteroatomic conjugated polymers (HCPs) offer an attractive platform to tune optoelectronic properties via a supramolecular coordination strategy. This study reports on an sp2nitrogen heteroatom containing fluorene-based copolymer namely poly(9,9-dioctylfluorene-co-9,9-dioctyldiazafluoren-2,7-yl) (PF8-co-DAF8), with ≈20% DAF8 units. Tuning the optoelectronic properties of PF8-co-DAF8 via supramolecular coordination with a Lewis acid (B(C6F5)3or AlCl3) is explored. Formation of either the PF8-co-DAF8-B(C6F5)3or PF8-co-DAF8-AlCl3adducts reduces the optical gap and causes an attendant redshift of the photoluminescence spectra. Controlling the degree and strength of the coordination allows the emission color to be tuned from blue through to green and yellow. This strategy is successfully implemented for polymer light-emitting diodes, confirming the large degree of spectral tuning whilst maintaining good device performance. Maximum luminous efficiencies, η ≈ 1.55 cd A-1@ 2120 cd m-2, 1.32 cd A-1@ 1424 cd m-2, and 2.56 cd A-1@ 910 cd m-2are, respectively, recorded for the blue-emitting diodes with Commission Internationale de L'Eclairage (CIE) (x, y) coordinates = (0.16, 0.16), the white-emitting diodes with CIE (x, y) = (0.28, 0.38) and the green-emitting diodes with CIE (x, y) = (0.33, 0.52). The results highlight the versatility of the supramolecular coordination strategy in modifying the electronic structure of HCPs.
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics (KLOFE) and Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Jiangsu National Synergetic Innovation Center for Advanced Materials (SICAM), Nanjing Tech University (NanjingTech), 30 South Puzhu Road, Nanjing, 211816, China.|Department of Physics and Centre for Plastic Electronics, The Blackett Laboratory, Imperial College London, Prince Consort Road, London, SW7 2AZ, UK.|Departments of Engineering Science and Physics and Mathematical, Physical and Life Sciences Division, University of Oxford, 9 Parks Road, Oxford, OX1 3PD, UK.
authors.forename: Jinyi
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Lin
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory for Organic Electronics and Information Displays and Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Jiangsu National Synergetic Innovation Center for Advanced Materials (SICAM), Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications, 9 Wenyuan Road, Nanjing, 210023, China.
authors.forename: Bin
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory for Organic Electronics and Information Displays and Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Jiangsu National Synergetic Innovation Center for Advanced Materials (SICAM), Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications, 9 Wenyuan Road, Nanjing, 210023, China.
authors.forename: Mengna
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Yu
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory for Organic Electronics and Information Displays and Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Jiangsu National Synergetic Innovation Center for Advanced Materials (SICAM), Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications, 9 Wenyuan Road, Nanjing, 210023, China.
authors.forename: Linghai
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Xie
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics (KLOFE) and Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Jiangsu National Synergetic Innovation Center for Advanced Materials (SICAM), Nanjing Tech University (NanjingTech), 30 South Puzhu Road, Nanjing, 211816, China.
authors.forename: Wensai
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Zhu
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory for Organic Electronics and Information Displays and Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Jiangsu National Synergetic Innovation Center for Advanced Materials (SICAM), Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications, 9 Wenyuan Road, Nanjing, 210023, China.
authors.forename: Haifeng
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Ling
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory for Organic Electronics and Information Displays and Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Jiangsu National Synergetic Innovation Center for Advanced Materials (SICAM), Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications, 9 Wenyuan Road, Nanjing, 210023, China.
authors.forename: Xinwen
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics (KLOFE) and Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Jiangsu National Synergetic Innovation Center for Advanced Materials (SICAM), Nanjing Tech University (NanjingTech), 30 South Puzhu Road, Nanjing, 211816, China.
authors.forename: Xuehua
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Ding
authors.affiliation: Department of Physics and Centre for Plastic Electronics, The Blackett Laboratory, Imperial College London, Prince Consort Road, London, SW7 2AZ, UK.
authors.forename: Xuhua
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: Department of Engineering Science, University of Oxford, Parks Road, Oxford, OX1 3PJ, UK.
authors.forename: Paul N
authors.initials: PN
authors.lastname: Stavrinou
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics (KLOFE) and Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Jiangsu National Synergetic Innovation Center for Advanced Materials (SICAM), Nanjing Tech University (NanjingTech), 30 South Puzhu Road, Nanjing, 211816, China.
authors.forename: Jianpu
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: Departments of Engineering Science and Physics and Mathematical, Physical and Life Sciences Division, University of Oxford, 9 Parks Road, Oxford, OX1 3PD, UK.
authors.forename: Donal D C
authors.initials: DDC
authors.lastname: Bradley
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics (KLOFE) and Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Jiangsu National Synergetic Innovation Center for Advanced Materials (SICAM), Nanjing Tech University (NanjingTech), 30 South Puzhu Road, Nanjing, 211816, China.|Key Laboratory for Organic Electronics and Information Displays and Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Jiangsu National Synergetic Innovation Center for Advanced Materials (SICAM), Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications, 9 Wenyuan Road, Nanjing, 210023, China.
authors.forename: Wei
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Huang
keywords: Lewis acids; heteroatomic conjugated polymers; polymer light-emitting diodes; supramolecular coordination strategy; tuneable emission colors