title: New biomarkers for increased intestinal permeability induced by dextran sodium sulphate and fasting in chickens.
abstract: Increased intestinal permeability (IP) can lead to compromised health in chickens. As there is limited literature on in vivo biomarkers to assess increased IP in chickens, the objective of this study was to identify a reliable biomarker of IP using DSS ingestion and fasting models. Male Ross chickens (n = 48) were reared until day 14 on the floor pen in an animal care facility, randomized into the following groups: control, DSS and fasting (each with n = 16), and then placed in metabolism cages. DSS was administered in drinking water at 0.75% from days 16 to 21, while controls and fasted groups received water. All birds had free access to feed and water except the birds in the fasting group that were denied feed for 19.5 h on day 20. On day 21, all chickens were given two separate oral gavages comprising fluorescein isothiocyanate dextran (FITC-d, 2.2 mg in 1 ml/bird) at time zero and lactulose, mannitol and rhamnose (LMR) sugars (0.25 g L, 0.05 g M and 0.05 g R in 2 ml/bird) at 60 min. Whole blood was collected from the brachial vein in a syringe 90 min post-LMR sugar gavage. Serum FITC-d and plasma LMR sugar concentrations were measured by spectrophotometry and high-performance ion chromatography respectively. Plasma concentrations of intestinal fatty acid binding protein, diamine oxidase, tight junction protein (TJP), d-lactate and faecal α-antitrypsin inhibitor concentration were also analysed by ELISA. FITC-d increased significantly (p < 0.05) after fasting compared with control. L/M and L/R ratios for fasting and L/M ratio for DSS increased compared with control chickens (p < 0.05). TJP in plasma was significantly increased due to fasting but not DSS treatment, compared with controls. Other tests did not indicate changes in IP (p > 0.05). We concluded that FITC-d and LMR sugar tests can be used in chickens to assess changes in IP.
authors.affiliation: School of Animal and Veterinary Sciences, University of Adelaide, Roseworthy Campus, Adelaide, SA, Australia.|Poultry CRC, University of New England, Armidale, NSW, Australia.
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Gilani
authors.affiliation: School of Animal and Veterinary Sciences, University of Adelaide, Roseworthy Campus, Adelaide, SA, Australia.
authors.forename: G S
authors.initials: GS
authors.lastname: Howarth
authors.affiliation: Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation, Health and Bio-security, Adelaide, SA, Australia.|PPPI Nutrition Research Laboratory South Australian Research & Development Institute, Roseworthy, SA, Australia.
authors.forename: S M
authors.initials: SM
authors.lastname: Kitessa
authors.affiliation: Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation, Health and Bio-security, Adelaide, SA, Australia.|School of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia.
authors.forename: C D
authors.initials: CD
authors.lastname: Tran
authors.affiliation: School of Animal and Veterinary Sciences, University of Adelaide, Roseworthy Campus, Adelaide, SA, Australia.
authors.forename: R E A
authors.initials: REA
authors.lastname: Forder
authors.affiliation: School of Animal and Veterinary Sciences, University of Adelaide, Roseworthy Campus, Adelaide, SA, Australia.|PPPI Nutrition Research Laboratory South Australian Research & Development Institute, Roseworthy, SA, Australia.
authors.forename: R J
authors.initials: RJ
authors.lastname: Hughes
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D015415:Biomarkers; D002645:Chickens / Q000097:blood*; D016264:Dextran Sulfate; D005508:Food Deprivation; D007413:Intestinal Mucosa / Q000187:drug effects*; D007792:Lactulose / Q000097:blood; D008297:Male; D008353:Mannitol / Q000097:blood; D010539:Permeability; D012210:Rhamnose / Q000097:blood
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; D008353:Mannitol; D007792:Lactulose; D016264:Dextran Sulfate; D012210:Rhamnose
keywords: d-lactate; diamine oxidase; fluorescein isothiocyanate dextran; lactulose/mannitol ratio; lactulose/rhamnose ratio; leaky gut