title: Vitamin D Supplementation for Patients with Dry Eye Syndrome Refractory to Conventional Treatment.
abstract: This study investigated the effect of vitamin D supplementation in patients with dry eye syndrome (DES) refractory to conventional treatment with vitamin D deficiency. A total of 105 patients with DES refractory to conventional treatment and vitamin D deficiency that was treated with an intramuscular injection of cholecalciferol (200,000 IU). Serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D) levels were measured. Eye discomfort was assessed using ocular surface disease index (OSDI) and visual analogue pain score (VAS). Tear break-up time (TBUT), fluorescein staining score (FSS), eyelid margin hyperemia, and tear secretion test were measured before treatment, and 2, 6, and 10 weeks after vitamin D supplementation. Mean serum 25(OH)D level was 10.52 ± 4.61 ng/mL. TBUT, and tear secretion test showed an improvement at 2 and 6 weeks after vitamin D supplementation compared to pretreatment values (p < 0.05 for all, paired t-test). Eyelid margin hyperemia and the severity of symptoms showed improvement at 2, 6, and 10 weeks after vitamin D supplementation (p < 0.05 for all). Compared to pre-treatment values, FSS, OSDI and VAS were decreased at 2 weeks (p < 0.05 for all). In conclusion, vitamin D supplementation is effective and useful in the treatment of patients with DES refractory to conventional treatment and with vitamin D deficiency.
authors.affiliation: Department of Ophthalmology, Hallym University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Seok Hyun
authors.initials: SH
authors.lastname: Bae
authors.affiliation: Department of Ophthalmology, Hallym University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Young Joo
authors.initials: YJ
authors.lastname: Shin
authors.affiliation: Department of Ophthalmology, Hallym University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Ha Kyoung
authors.initials: HK
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.affiliation: Department of Ophthalmology, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, Gyeonggi, Korea.|Department of Ophthalmology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Joon Young
authors.initials: JY
authors.lastname: Hyon
authors.affiliation: Department of Ophthalmology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Won Ryang
authors.initials: WR
authors.lastname: Wee
authors.affiliation: Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Inha University School of Medicine, Incheon, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Shin Goo
authors.initials: SG
authors.lastname: Park
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D002762:Cholecalciferol / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000494:pharmacology; D019587:Dietary Supplements; D015352:Dry Eye Syndromes / Q000097:blood / Q000188:drug therapy*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007273:Injections, Intramuscular; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D012720:Severity of Illness Index; D013666:Tears / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D014807:Vitamin D / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000031:analogs & derivatives / Q000097:blood / Q000494:pharmacology; D014808:Vitamin D Deficiency / Q000097:blood / Q000188:drug therapy*
chemical_list: D014807:Vitamin D; D002762:Cholecalciferol; C104450:25-hydroxyvitamin D