title: Potential action of extract of Acmella oleracea (L.) R.K. Jansen to control Amblyomma cajennense (Fabricius, 1787) (Acari: Ixodidae) ticks.
abstract: The use of synthetic acaricides is currently the main method to control ticks. However, the indiscriminate use of these chemicals can lead to the selection of resistant individuals and in the accumulation of chemical residues in the environment, contaminating the soil and water streams, consequently affecting the flora, fauna, and the human beings as well. In this sense, the objective of this study was to investigate the acaricidal effect of crude ethanolic extract of Acmella oleracea (L.) R.K. Jansen aerials parts at different concentrations on fed males and semi-engorged females of A. cajennense s.s. An in vitro bioassay (Adult Immersion Test) was carried out to determine the lethal concentration 50 (LC50) of ethanolic extract, calculated by Probit analysis. The results showed that the fed males were sensitive to all the concentrations of A. oleracea ethanolic extract, and mortality rate progressively increased (15-65%) in higher ethanolic extract concentrations. However, semi-engorged females were not sensitive to all the concentrations used here. In the highest concentration (100mg/mL), a mortality rate of 100% was observed after 72h of exposure, indicating that the acaricidal effect would probably be dose-dependent. The LC50values obtained for the fed A. cajennense s.s males and semi-engorged females were 29.4534mg/mL (limits: 24.4467-41.3847mg/mL) and LC50=17.6335mg/mL (limits: 5.2506-23.5335mg/mL), respectively.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biology, Institute of Biosciences, São Paulo State University, UNESP, Av. 24 A, no 1515, 199, 13506-900, Rio Claro, SP, Brazil.
authors.forename: Luís Adriano
authors.initials: LA
authors.lastname: Anholeto
authors.affiliation: Department of Biology, Institute of Biosciences, São Paulo State University, UNESP, Av. 24 A, no 1515, 199, 13506-900, Rio Claro, SP, Brazil.
authors.forename: Patrícia Rosa de
authors.initials: PR
authors.lastname: Oliveira
authors.affiliation: Division of Chemistry of Natural Products, CPQBA/UNICAMP, Av. Alexandre Cazellato, 999, 13140-000, Paulínia, SP, Brazil.
authors.forename: Rodney Alexandre Ferreira
authors.initials: RAF
authors.lastname: Rodrigues
authors.affiliation: Division of Chemistry of Natural Products, CPQBA/UNICAMP, Av. Alexandre Cazellato, 999, 13140-000, Paulínia, SP, Brazil.
authors.forename: Caroline Dos Santos
authors.initials: CDS
authors.lastname: Spindola
authors.affiliation: Department of Preventive Veterinary Medicine and Animal Health, University of São Paulo- USP, Av. Prof. Dr. Orlando Marques de Paiva, 87, 05508-270, Cidade Universitária, São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
authors.forename: Marcelo Bahia
authors.initials: MB
authors.lastname: Labruna
authors.affiliation: Department of Ecology, Institute of Biosciences, São Paulo State University, UNESP, Av. 24 A, 1515, 13506-900, Rio Claro, SP, Brazil.
authors.forename: Marcos Aparecido
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Pizano
authors.affiliation: Embrapa Meio-Norte, BR 343, km 35, CP 341, 64.200-970, Parnaíba, PI, Brazil.
authors.forename: Karina Neoob de Carvaldo
authors.initials: KNC
authors.lastname: Castro
authors.affiliation: Department of Biology, Institute of Biosciences, São Paulo State University, UNESP, Av. 24 A, no 1515, 199, 13506-900, Rio Claro, SP, Brazil. Electronic address: micm@rc.unesp.br.
authors.forename: Maria Izabel
authors.initials: MI
authors.lastname: Camargo-Mathias
mesh_terms: D056810:Acaricides / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology*; D000818:Animals; D019659:Asteraceae / Q000737:chemistry*; D001681:Biological Assay; D005260:Female; D026863:Ixodidae / Q000187:drug effects*; D008297:Male; D035261:Plant Components, Aerial / Q000737:chemistry; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology*; D013983:Tick Control / Q000379:methods*
chemical_list: D056810:Acaricides; D010936:Plant Extracts
keywords: Acaricide; Jambu; LC(50); Natural control; Ticks