title: Peripheral Inflammation and Demyelinating Diseases.
abstract: In recent decades, several neurodegenerative diseases have been shown to be exacerbated by systemic inflammatory processes. There is a wide range of literature that demonstrates a clear but complex relationship between the central nervous system (CNS) and the immunological system, both under naïve or pathological conditions. In diseased brains, peripheral inflammation can transform "primed" microglia into an "active" state, which can trigger stronger pathological responses. Demyelinating diseases are a group of neurodegenerative diseases characterized by inflammatory lesions associated with demyelination, which in turn induces axonal damage, neurodegeneration, and progressive loss of function. Among them, the most important are multiple sclerosis (MS) and neuromyelitis optica (NMO). In this review, we will analyze the effect of specific peripheral inflammatory stimuli in the progression of demyelinating diseases and discuss their animal models. In most cases, peripheral immune stimuli are exacerbating.
authors.affiliation: Laboratorio de Neuropatología Molecular, Instituto de Biología Celular y Neurociencias, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina.
authors.forename: Verónica
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Murta
authors.affiliation: Instituto de Ciencias Básicas y Medicina Experimental, Instituto Universitario del Hospital Italiano, Buenos Aires, Argentina. carina.ferrari@hospitalitaliano.org.ar.
authors.forename: Carina
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Ferrari
mesh_terms: D000375:Aging / Q000276:immunology* / Q000473:pathology; D000818:Animals; D001369:Axons / Q000276:immunology / Q000473:pathology; D001921:Brain / Q000276:immunology* / Q000473:pathology; D002450:Cell Communication; D004681:Encephalomyelitis, Autoimmune, Experimental / Q000276:immunology* / Q000473:pathology; D006801:Humans; D007030:Hypothalamo-Hypophyseal System / Q000276:immunology / Q000473:pathology; D007107:Immune System / Q000473:pathology; D007249:Inflammation; D017628:Microglia / Q000276:immunology* / Q000473:pathology; D009103:Multiple Sclerosis / Q000276:immunology* / Q000473:pathology; D009471:Neuromyelitis Optica / Q000276:immunology* / Q000473:pathology; D009765:Obesity / Q000276:immunology / Q000473:pathology; D010913:Pituitary-Adrenal System / Q000276:immunology / Q000473:pathology
keywords: Demyelinating diseases; Experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis; Microglia; Multiple sclerosis; Neuromyelitis optica; Systemic inflammation