title: Application value of endoscopic submucosal dissection and endoscopic mucosal resection for treatment of rectal carcinoids.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The objective of this study is to explore the clinical effect and safety of endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD) and endoscopic mucosal resection (EMR) for treatment of rectal carcinoids.
  
  
  METHODS
  A retrospective analysis was conducted on 42 patients with rectal carcinoids who were hospitalized and subjected to surgical treatment in our hospital from January 2010 to November 2015. The patients were categorized into two groups based on treatment received: ESD (n = 22) and EMR (n = 20). The patients were analyzed and compared to determine differences in lesion size, operation time, histopathologically curative resection rate, intraoperative complications, complete lesion resection rate, and postoperative recurrence rate between the two groups.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Operation time (25.2 ± 20.1 min) and wound surface diameter (36.2 ± 10.1 mm) were significantly higher in the ESD group than those in the EMR group (12.6 ± 8.4 min and 18.6 ± 5.9 mm, respectively) (P < 0.05). The differences in complete lesion and histopathologically curative resection rates between the two groups were not statistically significant (P > 0.05). Delayed hemorrhage was the primary postoperative complication in both groups. Postoperative follow-up was performed for 3-71 months, and the median follow-up time was 45 months. Recurrence was noted 32 months after surgery in one patient in the EMR group (4.5%), whereas recurrence was not detected in the ESD group.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  ESD and EMR are safe and effective methods for treatment of rectal carcinoids. Moreover, ESD had less risk of recurrence, more complete resection rate which could provide more information for postoperative treatment.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medical (Endoscopy), Xinxiang Central Hospital of Henan Province, Xinxiang 453000, PR China.
authors.forename: Xiaohuan
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: Department of Oncology, Xinxiang Central Hospital of Henan Province, Xinxiang 453000, PR China.
authors.forename: Yongxian
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Gui
authors.affiliation: Department of Medical (Endoscopy), Xinxiang Central Hospital of Henan Province, Xinxiang 453000, PR China.
authors.forename: Wenliang
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Han
authors.affiliation: Department of Medical (Endoscopy), Xinxiang Central Hospital of Henan Province, Xinxiang 453000, PR China.
authors.forename: Hongjian
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Jiang
authors.affiliation: Department of Medical (Endoscopy), Xinxiang Central Hospital of Henan Province, Xinxiang 453000, PR China.
authors.forename: Daihua
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Qi
authors.affiliation: Department of Medical (Endoscopy), Xinxiang Central Hospital of Henan Province, Xinxiang 453000, PR China.
authors.forename: Yi
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Yang
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001706:Biopsy; D002276:Carcinoid Tumor / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000601:surgery*; D003113:Colonoscopy / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000379:methods; D000069916:Endoscopic Mucosal Resection / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000379:methods; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D007413:Intestinal Mucosa / Q000473:pathology*; D007414:Intestinal Neoplasms / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000601:surgery*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011183:Postoperative Complications; D012004:Rectal Neoplasms / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000601:surgery*; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D016896:Treatment Outcome