title: Lifetime cancer risk assessment for inhalation exposure to di(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP).
abstract: The plasticizer di(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP) is ubiquitous in the environment and considered as carcinogen; however, the carcinogenic risk of human exposure to DEHP in the air via inhalation is lacking. A probabilistic incremental lifetime cancer risk (ILCR) model was implemented to quantitatively estimate the potential cancer risk of DEHP via human inhalation by using Monte Carlo simulation. We assessed the cancer risk in different age groups (children, adolescents, and adults) exposed to different DEHP concentrations (background low, indoor moderate, and occupational high) for different durations (2, 8, and 20 years). Results showed that the cancer risk of exposure to DEHP was below the acceptable limit (10-6) in the ambient air but was serious in indoor and occupational environments even at short exposure duration (2 years). The cancer risk of DEHP via inhalation in children was lower than that in adolescents and adults, but the risk in children via dermal and oral exposure to indoor dust and soft PVC toys should be considered. Sensitivity analysis indicated that the exposure concentration of DEHP was the strongest factor that influenced ILCR. Our work provides the evidence of cancer risk of DEHP via inhalation and highlights the risk in indoor and occupational environments.
authors.affiliation: School of Energy Science and Engineering, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410083, China.
authors.forename: Yufeng
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Miao
authors.affiliation: School of Energy Science and Engineering, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410083, China.
authors.forename: Runhuai
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: School of Energy Science and Engineering, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410083, China.
authors.forename: Chan
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Lu
authors.affiliation: School of Energy Science and Engineering, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410083, China.
authors.forename: Jinping
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Zhao
authors.affiliation: School of Energy Science and Engineering, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410083, China. qhdeng@csu.edu.cn.|XiangYa School of Public Health, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China. qhdeng@csu.edu.cn.|Institute of Environmental Health, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China. qhdeng@csu.edu.cn.
authors.forename: Qihong
authors.identifier: http://orcid.org/0000-0001-9824-3534
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Deng
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000393:Air Pollutants / Q000032:analysis / Q000633:toxicity*; D002273:Carcinogens / Q000032:analysis / Q000633:toxicity*; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D004051:Diethylhexyl Phthalate / Q000032:analysis / Q000633:toxicity*; D004391:Dust / Q000032:analysis*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D006967:Hypersensitivity; D019570:Inhalation Exposure / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000032:analysis* / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D015233:Models, Statistical; D009010:Monte Carlo Method; D009369:Neoplasms / Q000139:chemically induced* / Q000453:epidemiology; D010968:Plasticizers / Q000032:analysis / Q000633:toxicity*; D018570:Risk Assessment
chemical_list: D000393:Air Pollutants; D002273:Carcinogens; D004391:Dust; D010968:Plasticizers; D004051:Diethylhexyl Phthalate
keywords: Carcinogen; Di(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP); Dose; Inhalation; Lifetime cancer risk