title: Understanding the role of new systemic agents in the treatment of prostate cancer.
abstract: To examine the current literature and identify key consensus findings from the available studies to better educate urologists and medical oncologists on agents used in the treatment of metastatic prostate cancer (mPC).
  
  
  
  Following PRISMA guidelines, we conducted a systematic review of the available literature on reported trials of systemic therapies for mPC. Two search terms were used: 'metastatic prostate cancer' and 'treatment'.
  
  
  
  A variety of agents have demonstrated improved overall survival in patients with mPC. Twenty recently documented trials were reported in the literature with a focus on enzalutamide, abiraterone acetate, docetaxel and other newer agents. These studies were grouped based on patient populations.
  
  
  
  The increasing number of high-quality clinical trials, with overlapping patient populations has made defining the correct therapy for men with mPC challenging for urologists and medical oncologists. The data suggests that the optimal sequence of drugs is not only unknown but also not necessarily the same for each patient. As such, we suggest a more individualized approach to the treatment of prostate cancer depending on patient and disease factors.
authors.affiliation: Austin Health, Melbourne, Australia. Juliamcorfield@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Julia
authors.identifier: 0000-0002-0232-0206
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Corfield
authors.affiliation: Austin Health, Melbourne, Australia.
authors.forename: Jack
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Crozier
authors.affiliation: St. Vincent's Health, Melbourne, Australia.
authors.forename: Anthony M
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Joshua
authors.affiliation: Austin Health, Melbourne, Australia.
authors.forename: Damien
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Bolton
authors.affiliation: Austin Health, Melbourne, Australia.
authors.forename: Nathan
authors.identifier: 0000-0001-8553-5618
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Lawrentschuk
mesh_terms: D000069501:Abiraterone Acetate / Q000627:therapeutic use; D018931:Antineoplastic Agents, Hormonal / Q000627:therapeutic use; D000077143:Docetaxel; D006801:Humans; D007167:Immunotherapy; D008297:Male; D009362:Neoplasm Metastasis / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000473:pathology; D009364:Neoplasm Recurrence, Local / Q000188:drug therapy; D057285:Precision Medicine; D011471:Prostatic Neoplasms / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000473:pathology; D064129:Prostatic Neoplasms, Castration-Resistant / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000473:pathology; D011883:Radium / Q000627:therapeutic use; D016032:Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic; D043823:Taxoids / Q000627:therapeutic use; D014020:Tissue Extracts / Q000627:therapeutic use
chemical_list: D018931:Antineoplastic Agents, Hormonal; D043823:Taxoids; D014020:Tissue Extracts; D000077143:Docetaxel; C552428:cabazitaxel; C511774:sipuleucel-T; D000069501:Abiraterone Acetate; D011883:Radium
keywords: castrate resistant prostate cancer; metastatic prostate cancer; prostate cancer; therapeutic agents