title: Genome-wide analysis of Family-1 UDP-glycosyltransferases in soybean confirms their abundance and varied expression during seed development.
abstract: Family-1 UDP-glycosyltransferases (EC 2.4.1.x; UGTs) are enzymes that glycosylate aglycones into glycoside-associated compounds with improved transport and water solubility. This glycosylation mechanism is vital to plant functions, such as regulation of hormonal homeostasis, growth and development, xenobiotic detoxification, stress response, and biosynthesis of secondary metabolites. Here, we report a genome-wide analysis of soybean that identified 149 putative UGTs based on 44 conserved plant secondary product glycosyl-transferase (PSPG) motif amino acid sequences. Phylogenetic analysis against 22 referenced UGTs from Arabidopsis and maize clustered the putative UGTs into 15 major groups (A-O); J, K, and N were not represented, but the UGTs were distributed across all chromosomes except chromosome 04. Leucine was the most abundant amino acid across all 149 UGT peptide sequences. Two conserved introns (C1and C2) were detected in the most intron-containing UGTs. Publicly available microarray data on their maximum expression in the seed developmental stage were further confirmed using Affymetrix soybean IVT array and RNA sequencing data. The UGT expression models were designed, based on reads per kilobase of gene model per million mapped read (RPKM) values confirmed their maximally varied expression at globular and early maturation stages of seed development.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biotechnology, Chonnam National University, Yeosu, Chonnam 550-749, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Hafiz
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Mamoon Rehman
authors.affiliation: Department of Biotechnology, Chonnam National University, Yeosu, Chonnam 550-749, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Muhammad
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Amjad Nawaz
authors.affiliation: Department of Biotechnology, Chonnam National University, Yeosu, Chonnam 550-749, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Le
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Bao
authors.affiliation: Department of Arid Land Agriculture, King Abdul-Aziz University Jeddah, Saudi Arabia.
authors.forename: Zahid
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Hussain Shah
authors.affiliation: Department of Biotechnology, Chonnam National University, Yeosu, Chonnam 550-749, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Jae-Min
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.affiliation: Department of Plant Breeding and Genetics, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan 6000, Pakistan.
authors.forename: Muhammad Qadir
authors.initials: MQ
authors.lastname: Ahmad
authors.affiliation: Department of Biotechnology, Chonnam National University, Yeosu, Chonnam 550-749, Republic of Korea. Electronic address: chung@chonnam.ac.kr.
authors.forename: Gyuhwa
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Chung
authors.affiliation: Department of Biotechnology, Chonnam National University, Yeosu, Chonnam 550-749, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Seung Hwan
authors.initials: SH
authors.lastname: Yang
mesh_terms: D000596:Amino Acids / Q000378:metabolism; D032461:Chromosomes, Plant / Q000235:genetics; D005091:Exons / Q000235:genetics; D020869:Gene Expression Profiling; D018507:Gene Expression Regulation, Developmental; D018506:Gene Expression Regulation, Plant; D018745:Genome, Plant; D016695:Glycosyltransferases / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism; D007438:Introns / Q000235:genetics; D005810:Multigene Family; D010802:Phylogeny; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D012639:Seeds / Q000201:enzymology* / Q000235:genetics*; D017423:Sequence Analysis, RNA; D017386:Sequence Homology, Amino Acid; D013025:Glycine max / Q000201:enzymology* / Q000235:genetics; D059467:Transcriptome / Q000235:genetics
chemical_list: D000596:Amino Acids; D016695:Glycosyltransferases
keywords: Genome-wide; Glycine max; Plant secondary product glycosyltransferase; Seed development