title: Musculoskeletal symptoms among handicraft workers engaged in hand sewing tasks.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  This study was conducted to determine the prevalence of musculoskeletal symptoms and associated risk factors among Iranian handicraft workers engaged in different hand sewing tasks.
  
  
  METHODS
  Data were collected using questionnaires (including the Nordic Musculoskeletal Questionnaire) as well as direct observations of posture (using the Rapid Upper Limb Assessment [RULA] method) from 632 workers including carpet handicraft workers (n=222), textiles handicraft workers (n=209), and leather handicraft workers (n=201) in Tabriz, Iran.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The response rate was 88.8%. The overall prevalence of musculoskeletal complaints, particularly in the neck (57.9%), lower back (51.6%), and shoulders (40.5%) was relatively high. The prevalence of neck and shoulder pain was higher among females and with increasing age. Working posture and fast working were associated with neck, shoulder, and lower back pain. Years worked as a sewing worker was associated with neck and lower back pain. Long duration of continuous sitting work (>2 h) without a break was associated with neck pain. Body mass index, marital status, sport/physical activity, smoking, daily working hours, job satisfaction, and perceived pressure due to work had no effect.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The findings indicate a high prevalence of musculoskeletal pain among the studied handicraft workers and emphasize the importance of individual, physical, and psychosocial aspects of hand sewing tasks in this regard.
authors.affiliation: Department of Occupational Health, Faculty of Health, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences.
authors.forename: Iman
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Dianat
authors.forename: Mohammad Ali
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Karimi
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D005260:Female; D006225:Hand; D006801:Humans; D007492:Iran / Q000453:epidemiology; D008297:Male; D009140:Musculoskeletal Diseases / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000209:etiology; D009784:Occupational Diseases / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000209:etiology; D011187:Posture; D015995:Prevalence; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D013783:Textile Industry; D055815:Young Adult