title: Differential expression of viral agents in lymphoma tissues of patients with ABC diffuse large B-cell lymphoma from high and low endemic infectious disease regions.
abstract: Diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL), the most common type of non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (NHL) in adults, accounts for approximately 30-40% of newly diagnosed lymphomas worldwide. Environmental factors, such as viruses and bacteria, may contribute to cancer development through chronic inflammation and the integration of oncogenes, and have previously been indicated in cervical cancer, hepatocellular carcinoma, gastric cancer and lymphoproliferative disorders. In the present study, the presence of microbial agents was analyzed in the lymphoma tissue of patients with activated B-cell like (ABC) DLBCL. The present study compared two groups of patients from geographically varied regions that possess a difference in the prevalence of viral and other microbial agents. The patient populations were from Sweden (a low endemic infectious disease region) and Egypt (a high endemic infectious disease region). A differential expression of several viruses in lymphoma tissues was noted when comparing Swedish and Egyptian patients. JC polyomavirus (JCV) was detected in Swedish and Egyptian patients and, uniquely, the complete hepatitis B virus (HBV) genome was detected only in Egyptian lymphoma patients. None of these viruses were detected in control lymph tissues from Sweden or Egypt. In total, 38% of the Egyptian patients were found to have HBV surface antigens (HBsAgs) in their serum; however, HBsAgs were not found in any of the Swedish patients. The percentage of serum HBsAgs in Egyptian patients with ABC DLBCL was significantly increased compared with the general Egyptian population (P<0.05). The present study may support a notion that viral agents, including JCV and HBV, may be involved in the tumorigenesis of DLBCL in regions of high infectious disease.
authors.affiliation: Department of Oncology and Pathology, Karolinska Institute, 171 77 Stockholm, Sweden.
authors.forename: Therese
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Högfeldt
authors.affiliation: Chemistry, Materials, Earth and Life Sciences, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, CA 94550, USA.
authors.forename: Crystal
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Jaing
authors.affiliation: Computation, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, CA 94550, USA.
authors.forename: Kevin Mc
authors.initials: KM
authors.lastname: Loughlin
authors.affiliation: Chemistry, Materials, Earth and Life Sciences, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, CA 94550, USA.
authors.forename: James
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Thissen
authors.affiliation: Computation, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, CA 94550, USA.
authors.forename: Shea
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Gardner
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathology, National Cancer Institute, Cairo University, Cairo 11796, Egypt.
authors.forename: Abeer A
authors.initials: AA
authors.lastname: Bahnassy
authors.affiliation: Stanford Genome Technology Center, Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA 94304, USA.
authors.forename: Baback
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Gharizadeh
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical Immunology and Transfusion Medicine, Karolinska University Hospital, 171 76 Stockholm, Sweden.
authors.forename: Joachim
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Lundahl
authors.affiliation: Department of Oncology and Pathology, Karolinska Institute, 171 77 Stockholm, Sweden.
authors.forename: Anders
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Österborg
authors.affiliation: Department of Oncology and Pathology, Karolinska Institute, 171 77 Stockholm, Sweden.
authors.forename: Anna
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Porwit
authors.affiliation: Department of Cancer Biology, National Cancer Institute, Cairo University, Cairo 11796, Egypt.
authors.forename: Abdel-Rahman N
authors.initials: AN
authors.lastname: Zekri
authors.affiliation: Department of Medical Oncology, National Cancer Institute, Cairo University, Cairo 11796, Egypt.
authors.forename: Hussein M
authors.initials: HM
authors.lastname: Khaled
authors.affiliation: Department of Oncology and Pathology, Karolinska Institute, 171 77 Stockholm, Sweden.
authors.forename: Håkan
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Mellstedt
authors.affiliation: Department of Oncology and Pathology, Karolinska Institute, 171 77 Stockholm, Sweden.
authors.forename: Ali
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Moshfegh
keywords: gene array; hepatitis B virus; lymphoma and Hodgkin disease; molecular genetics; virus