title: [Awake craniotomy for brain tumours].
abstract: Awake craniotomy for brain tumours  Awake neurosurgery is a useful method in lesions near eloquent brain areas, particularly low-grade gliomas.The aim is to maximise tumour resection and preserve neurological function. We performed 40 primary awake surgeries and 8 residual surgeries. Patients were operated awake throughout the procedure or with a laryngeal mask and general anaesthesia during the opening stage and then awake during intracerebral surgery. Language and motor function were mapped with direct cortical stimulation, motor evoked potential and standardised neurological testing. Radiologically, complete resection was achieved in 18 out of 40 patients in the primary surgeries. Full neurological recovery at three months was observed in 29 patients. Of the 11 patients with persisting neurological deficits at three months, symptoms were present preoperatively in 9 patients. We conclude that awake surgery, combined with intraoperative neurophysiological methods, is a safe method to improve treatment for low-grade gliomas.
authors.affiliation: Universitetssjukhuset - Neurosurgery Linköping, Sweden - Neurosurgery Linköping, Sweden.
authors.forename: Peter
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Milos
authors.affiliation: Anesthesiology and intensive care - Linköping, Sweden Anestesi och operationskliniken - Linköping, Sweden.
authors.forename: Kerstin
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Metcalf
authors.affiliation: Neurosurgery - Linköping, Sweden Neurosurgery - Linköping, Sweden.
authors.forename: Patrick
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Vigren
authors.affiliation: Neurophysiology - Linköping, Sweden Neurophysiology - Linköping, Sweden.
authors.forename: Hans
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Lindehammar
authors.affiliation: Anesthesiology and intensive care - Linköping, Sweden Anestesi och operationskliniken - Linköping, Sweden.
authors.forename: Malin
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Nilsson
authors.affiliation: Neurosurgery - Linköping, Sweden Neurosurgery - Linköping, Sweden.
authors.forename: Sverre
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Boström
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D001931:Brain Mapping; D001932:Brain Neoplasms / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000601:surgery*; D003399:Craniotomy / Q000379:methods*; D005260:Female; D005910:Glioma / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000601:surgery*; D006801:Humans; D064795:Intraoperative Neurophysiological Monitoring; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D019635:Neurosurgical Procedures / Q000379:methods*; D013548:Sweden; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D014851:Wakefulness; D055815:Young Adult