title: Outcome of Revascularization Procedure: A Retrospective Case Series.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The purpose of this retrospective case series was to investigate the outcome of the revascularization procedure in necrotic immature teeth.
  
  
  METHODS
  The residents and faculty members at the University of Pennsylvania endodontic department were invited to submit consecutive revascularization cases treated by them, irrespective of the outcome, during the time period of 2009 to 2012. Twenty-eight of 35 submitted necrotic immature teeth met the inclusion criteria. The treatment protocol included minimal instrumentation and irrigation with 3% sodium hypochlorite and 17% EDTA. Triple antibiotic paste was placed for a minimum of 21 days. After blood clot induction, either EndoSequence Bioceramic Putty (Brasseler, Savannah, GA) or mineral trioxide aggregate was placed below the cementoenamel junction, and composite was used as a final restoration. The follow-up period ranged from 7 to 72 months. The outcome was assessed as complete healing (the absence of clinical signs and symptoms, complete resolution of periradicular radiolucency, increase in the root dentin thickness/length, and apical closure), incomplete healing (the absence of clinical signs and symptoms, the periapical lesion completely healed without any signs of root maturation or thickening, the periapical lesion either reduced in size or unchanged with/without radiographic signs of increasing root dentin thickness/length, or apical closure), and failure (persistent clinical signs and symptoms and/or increased size of the periradicular lesion).
  
  
  RESULTS
  Twenty-one of 28 cases (75%) healed completely, 3 cases (10.7%) failed during the observation period and needed further treatment, and 4 cases (14%) presented with incomplete healing.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Within the limitation of this study, the outcome of revascularization, wherein healing of periapical periodontitis and maturation of roots occurs, is fairly high, making it a viable treatment option in comparison with apexification.
authors.affiliation: Department of Endodontics, School of Dental Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.
authors.forename: Sarah
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Bukhari
authors.affiliation: Department of Endodontics, School of Dental Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.
authors.forename: Meetu R
authors.initials: MR
authors.lastname: Kohli
authors.affiliation: Department of Endodontics, School of Dental Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.
authors.forename: Frank
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Setzer
authors.affiliation: Department of Endodontics, School of Dental Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. Electronic address: bekirk@dental.upenn.edu.
authors.forename: Bekir
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Karabucak
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D017607:Aluminum Compounds / Q000627:therapeutic use; D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use; D056624:Apexification / Q000379:methods; D017610:Calcium Compounds / Q000627:therapeutic use; D002648:Child; D003790:Dental Pulp Necrosis / Q000628:therapy*; D003793:Dental Restoration, Permanent / Q000379:methods; D003804:Dentin / Q000473:pathology; D004338:Drug Combinations; D004492:Edetic Acid / Q000627:therapeutic use; D006801:Humans; D018919:Neovascularization, Physiologic; D010087:Oxides / Q000627:therapeutic use; D010414:Pennsylvania; D010485:Periapical Periodontitis / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000628:therapy; D010486:Periapical Tissue; D011861:Radiography, Dental; D012038:Regeneration; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012387:Root Canal Filling Materials / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D012388:Root Canal Irrigants / Q000627:therapeutic use; D018915:Root Canal Preparation / Q000379:methods; D012390:Root Canal Therapy / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods*; D017640:Silicates / Q000627:therapeutic use; D012973:Sodium Hypochlorite / Q000627:therapeutic use; D014070:Tooth; D019227:Tooth Apex / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000473:pathology; D017211:Treatment Failure; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D017607:Aluminum Compounds; D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents; D017610:Calcium Compounds; D004338:Drug Combinations; D010087:Oxides; D012387:Root Canal Filling Materials; D012388:Root Canal Irrigants; D017640:Silicates; C086631:mineral trioxide aggregate; D004492:Edetic Acid; D012973:Sodium Hypochlorite
keywords: Apical periodontitis; BioCeramic; mineral trioxide aggregate; outcome; revascularization; success