title: Guide Strand 3'-End Modifications Regulate siRNA Specificity.
abstract: Short interfering RNA (siRNA)-triggered gene knockdown through the RNA interference (RNAi) pathway is widely used to study gene function, and siRNA-based therapeutics are in development. However, as the guide strand of an siRNA can function like a natural microRNA (miRNA), siRNAs often repress hundreds of off-target transcripts with complementarity only to the seed region (nucleotides 2-8) of the guide strand. Here, we describe novel guide strand 3'-end modifications derived from 1-ethynylribose (1-ER) and copper-catalyzed azide-alkyne cycloaddition reactions and evaluate their impact on target versus miRNA-like off-target knockdown. Surprisingly, when positioned at the guide strand 3'-end, the parent 1-ER modification substantially reduced off-target knockdown while having no measurable effect on on-target knockdown potency. In addition, these modifications were shown to modulate siRNA affinity for the hAgo2 PAZ domain. However, the change in PAZ domain binding affinity was not sufficient to predict the modification's effect on miRNA-like off targeting.
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry, University of California, One Shields Avenue, Davis, CA, 95616, USA.
authors.forename: Rachel A P
authors.initials: RA
authors.lastname: Valenzuela
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry, University of California, One Shields Avenue, Davis, CA, 95616, USA.
authors.forename: Kazumitsu
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Onizuka
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry, University of California, One Shields Avenue, Davis, CA, 95616, USA.
authors.forename: Alexi A
authors.initials: AA
authors.lastname: Ball-Jones
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry, University of California, One Shields Avenue, Davis, CA, 95616, USA.
authors.forename: Tiannan
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Hu
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry, University of California, One Shields Avenue, Davis, CA, 95616, USA.
authors.forename: Scott R
authors.initials: SR
authors.lastname: Suter
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry, University of California, One Shields Avenue, Davis, CA, 95616, USA.
authors.forename: Peter A
authors.initials: PA
authors.lastname: Beal
mesh_terms: D024509:3' Flanking Region; D000480:Alkynes / Q000737:chemistry; D060565:Argonaute Proteins / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D001386:Azides / Q000737:chemistry; D002384:Catalysis; D058534:Class I Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinases; D003300:Copper / Q000737:chemistry; D061565:Cycloaddition Reaction; D006367:HeLa Cells; D006801:Humans; D035683:MicroRNAs / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism; D019869:Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinases / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D000081082:Phosphoinositide-3 Kinase Inhibitors; D000072417:Protein Domains; D034622:RNA Interference; D034741:RNA, Small Interfering / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D000480:Alkynes; D060565:Argonaute Proteins; D001386:Azides; D058534:Class I Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinases; D003300:Copper; D035683:MicroRNAs; D019869:Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinases; D000081082:Phosphoinositide-3 Kinase Inhibitors; D034741:RNA, Small Interfering; C466422:AGO2 protein, human; C497132:PIK3CB protein, human
keywords: PAZ domain; click chemistry; nucleoside analogue; off targeting; siRNA