title: Micro-/nanoscale electroporation.
abstract: Electroporation has been one of the most popular non-viral technologies for cell transfection. However, conventional bulk electroporation (BEP) shows significant limitations in efficiency, cell viability and transfection uniformity. Recent advances in microscale-electroporation (MEP) resulted in improved cell viability. Further miniaturization of the electroporation system (i.e., nanoscale) has brought up many unique advantages, including negligible cell damage and dosage control capabilities with single-cell resolution, which has enabled more translational applications. In this review, we give an insight into the fundamental and technical aspects of micro- and nanoscale/nanochannel electroporation (NEP) and go over several examples of MEP/NEP-based cutting-edge research, including gene editing, adoptive immunotherapy, and cellular reprogramming. The challenges and opportunities of advanced electroporation technologies are also discussed.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biomedical Engineering, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA. lee.31@osu.edu gallegoperez.1@osu.edu.
authors.forename: Lingqian
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Chang
authors.affiliation: School of Mechanical and Materials Engineering, Washington State University, Pullman, WA 99164, USA.
authors.forename: Lei
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA.
authors.forename: Junfeng
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Shi
authors.affiliation: William G. Lowrie Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43209, USA.
authors.forename: Yan
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Sheng
authors.affiliation: Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43209, USA.
authors.forename: Wu
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Lu
authors.affiliation: Department of Biomedical Engineering, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA. lee.31@osu.edu gallegoperez.1@osu.edu and Department of Surgery, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA.
authors.forename: Daniel
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Gallego-Perez
authors.affiliation: Department of Biomedical Engineering, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA. lee.31@osu.edu gallegoperez.1@osu.edu and Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA and William G. Lowrie Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43209, USA.
authors.forename: Ly James
authors.initials: LJ
authors.lastname: Lee
mesh_terms: D018274:Electroporation / Q000379:methods*; D006801:Humans; D055616:Microtechnology / Q000379:methods*; D036103:Nanotechnology / Q000379:methods*