title: Green methods of lignocellulose pretreatment for biorefinery development.
abstract: Lignocellulosic biomass is the most abundant, low-cost, bio-renewable resource that holds enormous importance as alternative source for production of biofuels and other biochemicals that can be utilized as building blocks for production of new materials. Enzymatic hydrolysis is an essential step involved in the bioconversion of lignocellulose to produce fermentable monosaccharides. However, to allow the enzymatic hydrolysis, a pretreatment step is needed in order to remove the lignin barrier and break down the crystalline structure of cellulose. The present manuscript is dedicated to reviewing the most commonly applied "green" pretreatment processes used in bioconversion of lignocellulosic biomasses within the "biorefinery" concept. In this frame, the effects of different pretreatment methods on lignocellulosic biomass are described along with an in-depth discussion on the benefits and drawbacks of each method, including generation of potentially inhibitory compounds for enzymatic hydrolysis, effect on cellulose digestibility, and generation of compounds toxic for the environment, and energy and economic demand.
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Naples "Federico II", Complesso Universitario Monte S. Angelo, via Cintia, 4, 80126, Naples, Italy.
authors.forename: Laura
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Capolupo
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Naples "Federico II", Complesso Universitario Monte S. Angelo, via Cintia, 4, 80126, Naples, Italy. vfaraco@unina.it.|European Center "Europe Direct LUP", Complesso Universitario Monte S. Angelo, via Cintia, 4, 80126, Naples, Italy. vfaraco@unina.it.|Interdepartmental Center "R. d'Ambrosio, LUPT", Complesso Universitario Monte S. Angelo, via Cintia, 4, 80126, Naples, Italy. vfaraco@unina.it.
authors.forename: Vincenza
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Faraco
mesh_terms: D001711:Biotransformation; D055772:Green Chemistry Technology / Q000379:methods*; D006868:Hydrolysis; D008031:Lignin / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: C036909:lignocellulose; D008031:Lignin
keywords: Ammonia Fiber Explosion; Biological pretreatment.; Biorefinery; Extrusion; Ionic liquids; Lignocellulose; Liquid Hot Water; Organosolv; Ozonolysis; Steam-explosion; Supercritical CO2 explosion