title: Envelope-specific antibodies and antibody-derived molecules for treating and curing HIV infection.
abstract: HIV-1 is a retrovirus that integrates into host chromatin and can remain transcriptionally quiescent in a pool of immune cells. This characteristic enables HIV-1 to evade both host immune responses and antiretroviral drugs, leading to persistent infection. Upon reactivation of proviral gene expression, HIV-1 envelope (HIV-1 Env) glycoproteins are expressed on the cell surface, transforming latently infected cells into targets for HIV-1 Env-specific monoclonal antibodies (mAbs), which can engage immune effector cells to kill productively infected CD4+T cells and thus limit the spread of progeny virus. Recent innovations in antibody engineering have resulted in novel immunotherapeutics such as bispecific dual-affinity re-targeting (DART) molecules and other bi- and trispecific antibody designs that can recognize HIV-1 Env and recruit cytotoxic effector cells to kill CD4+T cells latently infected with HIV-1. Here, we review these immunotherapies, which are designed with the goal of curing HIV-1 infection.
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina 27710, USA.|Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina 27710, USA.|Duke Human Vaccine Institute, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina 27710, USA.
authors.forename: Guido
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Ferrari
authors.affiliation: Duke Human Vaccine Institute, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina 27710, USA.|Department of Medicine, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina 27710, USA.|Department of Immunology, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina 27710, USA.
authors.forename: Barton F
authors.initials: BF
authors.lastname: Haynes
authors.affiliation: MacroGenics, Rockville, Maryland 20850, USA.
authors.forename: Scott
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Koenig
authors.affiliation: MacroGenics, Rockville, Maryland 20850, USA.
authors.forename: Jeffrey L
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: Nordstrom
authors.affiliation: University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill HIV Cure Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, USA.
authors.forename: David M
authors.initials: DM
authors.lastname: Margolis
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina 27710, USA.|Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina 27710, USA.|Duke Human Vaccine Institute, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina 27710, USA.|Department of Immunology, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina 27710, USA.
authors.forename: Georgia D
authors.initials: GD
authors.lastname: Tomaras
mesh_terms: D016915:AIDS Vaccines / Q000276:immunology*; D000818:Animals; D000911:Antibodies, Monoclonal / Q000276:immunology; D000918:Antibody Specificity; D015483:HIV Antibodies / Q000276:immunology / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D015658:HIV Infections / Q000276:immunology / Q000628:therapy*; D015497:HIV-1 / Q000276:immunology*; D006801:Humans; D007167:Immunotherapy; D054299:env Gene Products, Human Immunodeficiency Virus / Q000276:immunology*
chemical_list: D016915:AIDS Vaccines; D000911:Antibodies, Monoclonal; D015483:HIV Antibodies; D054299:env Gene Products, Human Immunodeficiency Virus