title: Relationship of glycemic control markers - 1,5 anhydroglucitol, fructosamine, and glycated hemoglobin among Asian Indians with different degrees of glucose intolerance.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  1,5 anhydroglucitol (1,5 AG) is emerging as a marker of short-term glycemic control. We measured levels of 1,5 AG, fructosamine (FA), and glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) in Asian Indians with different degrees of glucose intolerance.
  
  
  METHODS
  We recruited 210 individuals with normal glucose tolerance (NGT;n= 60), impaired glucose tolerance (IGT;n= 50), and Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM;n= 100) from a large tertiary diabetes center in Chennai in Southern India. Anthropometric measurements were obtained using standardized techniques. Serum 1,5 AG (enzymatic colorimetric assay), FA (NBT/kinetic), and HbA1c (high-performance liquid chromatography) estimations were performed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  1,5 AG levels were significantly lower in the T2DM followed by IGT compared with the NGT group (7.9 vs. 18.8 vs. 21.8 µg/ml,P< 0.05). FA and HbA1c were higher in T2DM and IGT compared with NGT individuals (313 vs. 237 vs. 200 µmol/L,P< 0.001) (8.3 vs. 5.8 vs. 5.3%,P< 0.001).1,5 AG showed a significant negative correlation with FA (r= -0.618,P< 0.001) and HbA1c (r= -0.700,P< 0.001). 1,5 AG decreased with increasing quartiles of postprandial glucose (Pfor trend <0.001). However, even among individuals with HbA1c ≤7%, 27% individuals had decreased 1,5 AG plasma level (<10 µg/ml).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Circulatory levels of 1,5 AG correlate negatively with FA and HbA1c, and may provide an additional marker to assess glycemic control in patients with Type 2 diabetes.
authors.affiliation: Madras Diabetes Research Foundation and Dr. Mohan's Diabetes Specialities Centre, Gopalapuram, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India.
authors.forename: Thyparambil Aravindakshan
authors.initials: TA
authors.lastname: Pramodkumar
authors.affiliation: Madras Diabetes Research Foundation and Dr. Mohan's Diabetes Specialities Centre, Gopalapuram, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India.
authors.forename: Ramamoorthy
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Jayashri
authors.affiliation: Madras Diabetes Research Foundation and Dr. Mohan's Diabetes Specialities Centre, Gopalapuram, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India.
authors.forename: Kuppan
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Gokulakrishnan
authors.affiliation: Madras Diabetes Research Foundation and Dr. Mohan's Diabetes Specialities Centre, Gopalapuram, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India.
authors.forename: Kaliyaperumal
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Velmurugan
authors.affiliation: Madras Diabetes Research Foundation and Dr. Mohan's Diabetes Specialities Centre, Gopalapuram, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India.
authors.forename: Rajendra
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Pradeepa
authors.affiliation: Madras Diabetes Research Foundation and Dr. Mohan's Diabetes Specialities Centre, Gopalapuram, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India.
authors.forename: Ranjit Mohan
authors.initials: RM
authors.lastname: Anjana
authors.affiliation: Madras Diabetes Research Foundation and Dr. Mohan's Diabetes Specialities Centre, Gopalapuram, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India.
authors.forename: Viswanathan
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Mohan
keywords: 1; 5 anhydroglucitol; Type 2 diabetes mellitus; fructosamine; glycated hemoglobin; postprandial hyperglycemia