title: Exercise portrayal in children's television programs: analysis of the UK and Irish programming.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Television watching is obesogenic due to its sedentary nature and programming content, which influences children. Few studies have examined exercise placement within children-specific programming. This study aimed to investigate the frequency and type of exercise placement in children-specific television broadcasts and to compare placements on the UK and Irish television channels.
  
  
  METHODS
  Content analysis for five weekdays' worth of children-specific television broadcasting totaling 82.5 hours on both the UK (British Broadcasting Corporation) and Irish (Radió Teilifís Éireann) television channels was performed. For the purposes of comparing the UK and Irish placements, analysis was restricted to programming broadcast between 6 am and 11.30 am. Exercise placements were coded based on type of activity, activity context, activity motivating factors and outcome, and characters involved.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A total of 780 cues were recorded during the total recording period. A wide variety of sports were depicted, but dancing-related cues were most commonly seen (n=163, 23.3%), with the majority of cues being of mild (n=365, 65.9%) or moderate (n=172, 31.0%) intensity. The majority of cues were associated with a positive outcome (n=404, 61.4%), and social motivations were most commonly seen (n=289, 30.3%). The Irish and the UK portrayals were broadly similar.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This study highlights the wide variety of sports portrayed and the active effort undertaken by television stations to depict physical exercise and recreation in a positive light.
authors.affiliation: The Children's Ark, University Hospital Limerick, Limerick.
authors.forename: Paul
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Scully
authors.affiliation: The Children's Ark, University Hospital Limerick, Limerick.
authors.forename: Orlaith
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Reid
authors.affiliation: The Children's Ark, University Hospital Limerick, Limerick; National Children's Research Centre, Dublin; Centre for Interventions in Infection, Inflammation & Immunity (4i), Graduate Entry Medical School.
authors.forename: Alan P
authors.initials: AP
authors.lastname: Macken
authors.affiliation: C-Star, University of Limerick, Limerick, Ireland.
authors.forename: Mark
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Healy
authors.affiliation: C-Star, University of Limerick, Limerick, Ireland.
authors.forename: Jean
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Saunders
authors.affiliation: Centre for Interventions in Infection, Inflammation & Immunity (4i), Graduate Entry Medical School; Department of Medicine, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Canada.
authors.forename: Des
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Leddin
authors.affiliation: Centre for Interventions in Infection, Inflammation & Immunity (4i), Graduate Entry Medical School.
authors.forename: Walter
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Cullen
authors.affiliation: Centre for Interventions in Infection, Inflammation & Immunity (4i), Graduate Entry Medical School.
authors.forename: Colum P
authors.initials: CP
authors.lastname: Dunne
authors.affiliation: The Children's Ark, University Hospital Limerick, Limerick; National Children's Research Centre, Dublin; Centre for Interventions in Infection, Inflammation & Immunity (4i), Graduate Entry Medical School; Department of Medicine, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Canada.
authors.forename: Clodagh S
authors.initials: CS
authors.lastname: O'Gorman
keywords: children; exercise; obesity; television