title: Gibberellins producing Bacillus methylotrophicus KE2 supports plant growth and enhances nutritional metabolites and food values of lettuce.
abstract: The nutritional quality of green leafy vegetables can be enhanced by application of plant beneficial micro-organisms. The present study was aimed to increase the food values of lettuce leaves by bacterial treatment. We isolated bacterial strain KE2 from Kimchi food and identified as Bacillus methylotrophicus by phylogenetic analysis. The beneficial effect of B. methylotrophicus KE2 on plants was confirmed by increasing the percentage of seed germination of Lactuca sativa L., Cucumis melo L., Glycine max L. and Brassica juncea L. It might be the secretion of array of gibberellins (GA1, GA3, GA7, GA8, GA9, GA12, GA19, GA20, GA24, GA34and GA53) and indole-acetic acid from B. methylotrophicus KE2. The mechanism of plant growth promotion via their secreted metabolites was confirmed by a significant increase of GA deficient mutant rice plant growth. Moreover, the bacterial association was favor to enhance shoot length, shoot fresh weight and leaf width of lettuce. The higher concentration of protein, amino acids (Asp, Thr, Ser, Glu, Gly, Ala, Leu, Tyr and His), gama-aminobutric acid and fructose was found in bacterial culture (KE2) applied plants. The macro and micro minerals such as K, Mg, Na, P, Fe, Zn and N were also detected as significantly higher quantities in bacteria treated plants than untreated control plants. In addition, the carotenoids and chlorophyll a were also increased in lettuce at bacterial inoculation. The results of this study suggest that B. methylotrophicus KE2 application to soil helps to increase the plant growth and food values of lettuce.
authors.affiliation: School of Biotechnology, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan, Gyeongbuk 712-749, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Ramalingam
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Radhakrishnan
authors.affiliation: School of Applied Biosciences, Kyungpook National University, Republic of Korea. Electronic address: ijlee@knu.ac.kr.
authors.forename: In-Jung
authors.initials: IJ
authors.lastname: Lee
mesh_terms: D000596:Amino Acids / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism; D001407:Bacillus / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000502:physiology; D018533:Biomass; D002338:Carotenoids / Q000378:metabolism; D002734:Chlorophyll / Q000378:metabolism; D028463:Cucumis melo / Q000254:growth & development / Q000378:metabolism / Q000382:microbiology; D063427:Food Quality; D005632:Fructose / Q000378:metabolism; D018525:Germination; D005875:Gibberellins / Q000096:biosynthesis*; D054884:Host-Pathogen Interactions; D018545:Lactuca / Q000254:growth & development / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000382:microbiology; D009149:Mustard Plant / Q000254:growth & development / Q000378:metabolism / Q000382:microbiology; D018515:Plant Leaves / Q000254:growth & development / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000382:microbiology; D010940:Plant Proteins / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism; D012639:Seeds / Q000254:growth & development / Q000378:metabolism / Q000382:microbiology; D013025:Glycine max / Q000254:growth & development / Q000378:metabolism / Q000382:microbiology; D014675:Vegetables / Q000378:metabolism / Q000382:microbiology / Q000592:standards; D005680:gamma-Aminobutyric Acid / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D000596:Amino Acids; D005875:Gibberellins; D010940:Plant Proteins; D002734:Chlorophyll; D005632:Fructose; D002338:Carotenoids; D005680:gamma-Aminobutyric Acid
keywords: Bacillus methylotrophicus KE2; Gibberellins; Lettuce; Nutrition; Seed germination