title: Association between the central  papilla and embrasure crown  morphology in different gingival  biotypes - a cross-sectional study.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The presence of an interproximal gingival (central) papilla is of prime importance and an essential component of a harmonious and pleasing smile. The aim of this study was to determine the association between the presence of a central papilla and embrasure and crown morphology.
  
  
  METHODS
  The study was conducted on 200 periodontally healthy patients. Parameters such a central papilla presence, gingival thickness, crown length, crown width, contact surface, radiographic assessment of bone crest to contact point (BC-CP), and interdental width (IDW) in maxillary central incisor embrasure morphology were recorded.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A statistically strong significance (P = 0.001) was found for the presence of a central papilla, which was 100% in squarish crown morphology and reduced for tapered squarish and triangular crown forms. A gingival biotype with a thickness of 1.5 to 2.0 mm exhibited a central papilla presence of 88.46%. All the interdental variables were significantly related to the presence of a central papilla, with BC-CP distance and IDW demonstrating a high significance (P < 0.0001).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In relation to the maxillary central incisors, the crown and embrasure morphologies have a strong influence over the presence of a central papilla. (Int J Esthet Dent 2016;11:550-563).
authors.forename: Abhay
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Kolte
authors.forename: Rajashri
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Kolte
authors.forename: Girish
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Bodhare
mesh_terms: D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D005881:Gingiva / Q000473:pathology*; D006801:Humans; D019228:Tooth Crown