title: Cytoplasmic RNA decay pathways - Enzymes and mechanisms.
abstract: RNA decay plays a crucial role in post-transcriptional regulation of gene expression. Work conducted over the last decades has defined the major mRNA decay pathways, as well as enzymes and their cofactors responsible for these processes. In contrast, our knowledge of the mechanisms of degradation of non-protein coding RNA species is more fragmentary. This review is focused on the cytoplasmic pathways of mRNA and ncRNA degradation in eukaryotes. The major 3' to 5' and 5' to 3' mRNA decay pathways are described with emphasis on the mechanisms of their activation by the deprotection of RNA ends. More recently discovered 3'-end modifications such as uridylation, and their relevance to cytoplasmic mRNA decay in various model organisms, are also discussed. Finally, we provide up-to-date findings concerning various pathways of non-coding RNA decay in the cytoplasm.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Pawinskiego 5A, 02-106 Warsaw, Poland; Institute of Genetics and Biotechnology, Faculty of Biology, University of Warsaw, Pawinskiego 5A, 02-106 Warsaw, Poland.
authors.forename: Anna
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Łabno
authors.affiliation: Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Pawinskiego 5A, 02-106 Warsaw, Poland; Institute of Genetics and Biotechnology, Faculty of Biology, University of Warsaw, Pawinskiego 5A, 02-106 Warsaw, Poland. Electronic address: rtom1916@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Rafał
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Tomecki
authors.affiliation: Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Pawinskiego 5A, 02-106 Warsaw, Poland; Institute of Genetics and Biotechnology, Faculty of Biology, University of Warsaw, Pawinskiego 5A, 02-106 Warsaw, Poland. Electronic address: andrzejd@ibb.waw.pl.
authors.forename: Andrzej
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Dziembowski
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D003593:Cytoplasm / Q000378:metabolism*; D004722:Endoribonucleases / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D005057:Eukaryotic Cells / Q000166:cytology / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D009690:Nucleic Acid Conformation; D012323:RNA Processing, Post-Transcriptional; D020871:RNA Stability; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000737:chemistry / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D022661:RNA, Untranslated / Q000737:chemistry / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D012441:Saccharomyces cerevisiae / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D014542:Uridine Monophosphate / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D012333:RNA, Messenger; D022661:RNA, Untranslated; D014542:Uridine Monophosphate; D004722:Endoribonucleases
keywords: Decapping; Exosome; Uridylation; Xrn1; mRNA decay; ncRNA