title: A cytosolic carbonic anhydrase molecular switch occurs in the gills of metamorphic sea lamprey.
abstract: Carbonic anhydrase plays a key role in CO2transport, acid-base and ion regulation and metabolic processes in vertebrates. While several carbonic anhydrase isoforms have been identified in numerous vertebrate species, basal lineages such as the cyclostomes have remained largely unexamined. Here we investigate the repertoire of cytoplasmic carbonic anhydrases in the sea lamprey (Petromyzon marinus), that has a complex life history marked by a dramatic metamorphosis from a benthic filter-feeding ammocoete larvae into a parasitic juvenile which migrates from freshwater to seawater. We have identified a novel carbonic anhydrase gene (ca19) beyond the single carbonic anhydrase gene (ca18) that was known previously. Phylogenetic analysis and synteny studies suggest that both carbonic anhydrase genes form one or two independent gene lineages and are most likely duplicates retained uniquely in cyclostomes. Quantitative PCR of ca19 and ca18 and protein expression in gill across metamorphosis show that the ca19 levels are highest in ammocoetes and decrease during metamorphosis while ca18 shows the opposite pattern with the highest levels in post-metamorphic juveniles. We propose that a unique molecular switch occurs during lamprey metamorphosis resulting in distinct gill carbonic anhydrases reflecting the contrasting life modes and habitats of these life-history stages.
authors.affiliation: Centro Interdisciplinar de Investigação Marinha e Ambiental (CIIMAR/CIMAR) Universidade do Porto, 4050-123, Porto, Portugal.|Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas Abel Salazar, Universidade do Porto, 4050-313, Porto, Portugal.
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Ferreira-Martins
authors.affiliation: USGS, Leetown Science Center, S.O. Conte Anadromous Fish Research Laboratory, 01376, Turner Falls MA USA.
authors.forename: S D
authors.initials: SD
authors.lastname: McCormick
authors.affiliation: Centro Interdisciplinar de Investigação Marinha e Ambiental (CIIMAR/CIMAR) Universidade do Porto, 4050-123, Porto, Portugal.
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Campos
authors.affiliation: Centro Interdisciplinar de Investigação Marinha e Ambiental (CIIMAR/CIMAR) Universidade do Porto, 4050-123, Porto, Portugal.|Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas Abel Salazar, Universidade do Porto, 4050-313, Porto, Portugal.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Lopes-Marques
authors.affiliation: i3s-Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, 4200-135, Porto Portugal.|Instituto de Patologia e Imunologia Molecular da Universidade do Porto, 4200-135, Porto, Portugal.|Departamento de Patologia e Oncologia, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade do Porto, 4200-319, Porto, Portugal.
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Osório
authors.affiliation: Centro Interdisciplinar de Investigação Marinha e Ambiental (CIIMAR/CIMAR) Universidade do Porto, 4050-123, Porto, Portugal.
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Coimbra
authors.affiliation: Centro Interdisciplinar de Investigação Marinha e Ambiental (CIIMAR/CIMAR) Universidade do Porto, 4050-123, Porto, Portugal.|Departamento de Biologia, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade do Porto, 4169-007, Porto, Portugal.
authors.forename: L F C
authors.initials: LF
authors.lastname: Castro
authors.affiliation: Centro Interdisciplinar de Investigação Marinha e Ambiental (CIIMAR/CIMAR) Universidade do Porto, 4050-123, Porto, Portugal.|Department of Biology, Wilfrid Laurier University, N2L 3C5, Waterloo, Canada.
authors.forename: J M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Wilson
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002245:Carbon Dioxide / Q000378:metabolism; D002256:Carbonic Anhydrases / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000235:genetics; D003593:Cytoplasm / Q000201:enzymology / Q000235:genetics; D029941:Fish Proteins / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000235:genetics; D015971:Gene Expression Regulation, Enzymologic / Q000502:physiology*; D005880:Gills / Q000201:enzymology; D048428:Petromyzon / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D029941:Fish Proteins; D002245:Carbon Dioxide; D002256:Carbonic Anhydrases