title: Anti-arthritogenic and cardioprotective action of hesperidin and daidzein in collagen-induced rheumatoid arthritis.
abstract: Atherosclerosis has been linked to chronic inflammatory processes. Changes in the levels of lipoproteins, especially low-density lipoprotein or its variants, as well as inflammatory markers are risk factors for the atherosclerosis. In the present study, an experimental model of rheumatoid arthritis was developed by administrating collagen suspension intradermally in the tail region of Wistar albino rats. At the same time, a suspension of hesperidin (50 mg/kg body weight) and daidzein (20 mg/kg body weight) was orally administrated. The compounds were given in the morning and evening for 21 days. Levels of inflammatory markers in the homogenate of knee joints of experimental rats as well as plasma lipoproteins were investigated. The administration of hesperidin and daidzein caused significant (p < 0.001) decrease in articular elastase activity, TNF-α, and malondialdehyde levels. Further, arthritis scoring and histological findings supported the anti-inflammatory actions of the test compounds. Interestingly, the test compounds also lowered the plasma low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, very low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, and triglyceride but increased the level of high-density lipoprotein cholesterol. The test compounds thus ameliorated the risk factors of atherosclerosis. Furthermore, antioxidant roles of hesperidin as well as daidzein were evident from decrease in free radical load demonstrated as increase in total antioxidant level in plasma of arthritic animals treated with hesperidin and daidzein. In a separate in vitro experiment, enhanced free radical scavenging activity of hesperidin was demonstrated against 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl and 2,2-azinobis-3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid. The anti-inflammatory, hypolipidemic, and antioxidant actions of the naturally occurring test compounds, particularly hesperidin, seem to be quite effective against rheumatoid arthritis and atherosclerosis. Thus, their consumption may be helpful in prevention or at least delaying the onset of these diseases in susceptible individuals.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Jawaharlal Nehru Medical College, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, 202 002, India. azamshafeeque1@gmail.com.|Interdisciplinary Brain Research Centre, Faculty of Medicine, Jawaharlal Nehru Medical College, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, 202 002, India. azamshafeeque1@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Shafeeque
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Ahmad
authors.affiliation: Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Jawaharlal Nehru Medical College, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, 202 002, India.
authors.forename: Khursheed
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Alam
authors.affiliation: Interdisciplinary Brain Research Centre, Faculty of Medicine, Jawaharlal Nehru Medical College, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, 202 002, India.
authors.forename: M Mobarak
authors.initials: MM
authors.lastname: Hossain
authors.affiliation: Interdisciplinary Brain Research Centre, Faculty of Medicine, Jawaharlal Nehru Medical College, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, 202 002, India.
authors.forename: Mahino
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Fatima
authors.affiliation: Interdisciplinary Brain Research Centre, Faculty of Medicine, Jawaharlal Nehru Medical College, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, 202 002, India.
authors.forename: Fakiha
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Firdaus
authors.affiliation: Interdisciplinary Brain Research Centre, Faculty of Medicine, Jawaharlal Nehru Medical College, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, 202 002, India.
authors.forename: Mohammad Faraz
authors.initials: MF
authors.lastname: Zafeer
authors.affiliation: Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Jawaharlal Nehru Medical College, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, 202 002, India.
authors.forename: Zarina
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Arif
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Jawaharlal Nehru Medical College, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, 202 002, India.
authors.forename: Murad
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Ahmed
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiodiagnosis, Faculty of Medicine, Jawaharlal Nehru Medical College, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, 202 002, India.
authors.forename: K A
authors.initials: KA
authors.lastname: Nafees
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001172:Arthritis, Rheumatoid / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000378:metabolism; D002316:Cardiotonic Agents / Q000494:pharmacology*; D003094:Collagen / Q000633:toxicity*; D006569:Hesperidin / Q000494:pharmacology*; D007529:Isoflavones / Q000494:pharmacology*; D008297:Male; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar
chemical_list: D002316:Cardiotonic Agents; D007529:Isoflavones; C004742:daidzein; D003094:Collagen; D006569:Hesperidin
keywords: Cardiovascular disease; Daidzein; Hesperidin; Rheumatoid arthritis; Type II collagen