title: Incidence and Clinical Features of Neovascularization of the Iris following Acute Central Retinal Artery Occlusion.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To investigate the incidence of neovascularization of the iris (NVI) and clinical features of patients with NVI following acute central retinal artery occlusion (CRAO).
  
  
  METHODS
  A retrospective review of 214 consecutive CRAO patients who visited one tertiary hospital between January 2009 and January 2015 was conducted. In total, 110 patients were eligible for this study after excluding patients with arteritic CRAO, a lack of follow-up, iatrogenic CRAO secondary to cosmetic filler injection, or NVI detected before CRAO attack. Fluorescein angiography (FA) was applied until retinal arterial reperfusion was achieved, typically within 1 to 3 months.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The incidence of NVI was 10.9% (12 out of 110 patients). Neovascular glaucoma was found in seven patients (6.4%). The mean time to NVI diagnosis after CRAO events was 3.0 months (range, 1 week to 15 months). The cumulative incidence was 5.5% at 3 months, 7.3% at 6 months, and 10.9% at 15 months. Severely narrowed ipsilateral carotid arteries were observed in only three patients (27.3%). The other nine patients (75.0%) showed no predisposing conditions for NVI, such as proliferative diabetic retinopathy or central retinal vein occlusion. Reperfusion rate and prevalence of diabetes were significantly different between patients with NVI and patients without NVI (reperfusion: 0% [NVI] vs. 94.7% [no NVI],p< 0.001; diabetes: 50.0% [NVI] vs. 17.3% [no NVI],p= 0.017).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  CRAO may lead to NVI and neovascular glaucoma caused by chronic retinal ischemia from reperfusion failure. Our results indicate that follow-up fluorescein angiography is important to evaluate retinal artery reperfusion after acute CRAO events, and that prophylactic treatment such as panretinal photocoagulation should be considered if retinal arterial perfusion is not recovered.
authors.affiliation: Department of Ophthalmology, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seongnam, Korea.; Department of Ophthalmology, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.
authors.forename: Young Ho
authors.initials: YH
authors.lastname: Jung
authors.affiliation: Department of Ophthalmology, Hanyang University Hospital, Hanyang University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.
authors.forename: Seong Joon
authors.initials: SJ
authors.lastname: Ahn
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, Keimyung University Dongsan Medical Center, Daegu, Korea.
authors.forename: Jeong-Ho
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Hong
authors.affiliation: Department of Ophthalmology, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seongnam, Korea.
authors.forename: Kyu Hyung
authors.initials: KH
authors.lastname: Park
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seongnam, Korea.
authors.forename: Moon-Ku
authors.initials: MK
authors.lastname: Han
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seongnam, Korea.
authors.forename: Cheolkyu
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Jung
authors.affiliation: Department of Ophthalmology, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seongnam, Korea.
authors.forename: Se Joon
authors.initials: SJ
authors.lastname: Woo
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D005260:Female; D005451:Fluorescein Angiography; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D005654:Fundus Oculi; D006801:Humans; D015994:Incidence; D007498:Iris / Q000098:blood supply* / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009389:Neovascularization, Pathologic / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000209:etiology; D056910:Republic of Korea / Q000453:epidemiology; D012160:Retina / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D015356:Retinal Artery Occlusion; D012189:Retrospective Studies
keywords: Incidence; Neovascularization; Reperfusion; Retinal artery occlusion