title: Jobelyn® Supplement Lowered Neuronal Degeneration: Significance of Altered p53 and ɤ-Enolase Protein Expressions in Prefrontal Cortex of Rat Exposed to Ethanol.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Alcohol-induced neurodegeneration, a consequence of chronic ethanol exposure, is a neuroadaptation that drives the progression of alcohol use disorder (AUD). Unfortunately, conventional drugs for AUDs do not prevent neurodegeneration as part of their pharmacological repertoire. Multimodal neuroprotective therapeutic agents are hypothesized to have high therapeutic utility in the treatment of central nervous system. Interestingly, nutraceuticals by nature are multimodal in mechanisms of action.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  This study examined the neuroprotective potential of Jobelyn in prefrontal cortex (PFC) of a binge-alcohol rat model of AUD.
  
  
  METHODS
  Three groups of rats were fed thrice daily through an orogastric tube with 5 g/kg ethanol (25% w/v), 5 g/kg ethanol (25% w/v) plus Jobelyn (4 mg/kg body weight), and 5 g/kg of a nutritionally complete diet (50% v/v), respectively. Cytoarchitectural study of the PFC was done in slides stained with haematoxylin and eosin. Immunohistochemical analyses were performed with mice monoclonal anti-p53 and anti-neuron specific enolase (NSE) antibodies to detect the degree of apoptosis and necrosis in the PFC. In addition, the degree of tissue damage and the level of lipid peroxidation were evaluated.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Jobelyn supplementation significantly lowered the levels of histologic and biochemical indices of neurodegeneration, and caused an increased expression of p53 protein and a decreased expression of NSE immunoreactivity (NSE-IR).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Jobelyn supplementation ameliorates neurodegeneration in the PFC of AUD rats by reducing the oxidative stress, reducing the NSE-IR, and by increasing the expression of cellular tumor antigen p53 in the cortical neurons.
authors.affiliation: Department of Human Anatomy, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Health Sciences, Niger Delta University, Wilberforce Island, Bayelsa State, Nigeria; Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, Delta State University, Abraka, Delta State, Nigeria.
authors.forename: Oyinbo A
authors.initials: OA
authors.lastname: Charles
authors.affiliation: Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, Delta State University, Abraka, Delta State, Nigeria.
authors.forename: Igbigbi S
authors.initials: IS
authors.lastname: Patrick
authors.affiliation: Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, Delta State University, Abraka, Delta State, Nigeria.
authors.forename: Avwioro O
authors.initials: AO
authors.lastname: Godwin
keywords: Alcohol use disorder; Neurodegeneration; Neuroprotection; Nutraceuticals