title: Controlling the strontium-doping in calcium phosphate microcapsules through yeast-regulated biomimetic mineralization.
abstract: Yeast cells have controllable biosorption on metallic ions during metabolism. However, few studies were dedicated to using yeast-regulated biomimetic mineralization process to control the strontium-doped positions in calcium phosphate microcapsules. In this study, the yeast cells were allowed to pre-adsorb strontium ions metabolically and then served as sacrificing template for the precipitation and calcination of mineral shell. The pre-adsorption enabled the microorganism to enrich of strontium ions into the inner part of the microcapsules, which ensured a slow-release profile of the trace element from the microcapsule. The co-culture with human marrow stromal cells showed that gene expressions of alkaline phosphatase and Collagen-I were promoted. The promotion of osteogenic differentiation was further confirmed in the 3D culture of cell-material complexes. The strategy using living microorganism as 'smart doping apparatus' to control incorporation of trace element into calcium phosphate paved a pathway to new functional materials for hard tissue regeneration.
authors.affiliation: School of Materials Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510641, China; ; National Engineering Research Center for Tissue Restoration and Reconstruction, Guangzhou 510006, China.
authors.forename: Miaojun
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Huang
authors.affiliation: School of Materials Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510641, China; ; Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Biomedical Materials Science and Engineering, Guangzhou 510006, China.
authors.forename: Tianjie
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: School of Materials Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510641, China; ; Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Biomedical Materials Science and Engineering, Guangzhou 510006, China.
authors.forename: Ting
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Pan
authors.affiliation: School of Materials Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510641, China; ; School of Materials Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510641, China.
authors.forename: Naru
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Zhao
authors.affiliation: School of Materials Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510641, China.
authors.forename: Yongchang
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Yao
authors.affiliation: School of Materials Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510641, China.
authors.forename: Zhichen
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Zhai
authors.affiliation: National Engineering Research Center for Tissue Restoration and Reconstruction, Guangzhou 510006, China.
authors.forename: Jiaan
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Zhou
authors.affiliation: School of Materials Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510641, China; ; Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Biomedical Materials Science and Engineering, Guangzhou 510006, China.
authors.forename: Chang
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Du
authors.affiliation: School of Materials Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510641, China; ; National Engineering Research Center for Tissue Restoration and Reconstruction, Guangzhou 510006, China.
authors.forename: Yingjun
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Wang
keywords: biotemplate; calcium phosphate; strontium; yeast