title: Hygroscopic Properties and Respiratory System Deposition Behavior of Particulate Matter Emitted By Mining and Smelting Operations.
abstract: This study examines size-resolved physicochemical data for particles sampled near mining and smelting operations and a background urban site in Arizona with a focus on how hygroscopic growth impacts particle deposition behavior. Particles with aerodynamic diameters between 0.056-18 μm were collected at three sites: (i) an active smelter operation in Hayden, AZ, (ii) a legacy mining site with extensive mine tailings in Iron King, AZ, and (iii) an urban site, inner-city Tucson, AZ. Mass size distributions of As and Pb exhibit bimodal profiles with a dominant peak between 0.32 and 0.56 μm and a smaller mode in the coarse range (>3 μm). The hygroscopicity profile did not exhibit the same peaks owing to dependence on other chemical constituents. Submicrometer particles were generally more hygroscopic than supermicrometer ones at all three sites with finite water-uptake ability at all sites and particle sizes examined. Model calculations at a relative humidity of 99.5% reveal significant respiratory system particle deposition enhancements at sizes with the largest concentrations of toxic contaminants. Between dry diameters of 0.32 and 0.56 μm, for instance, ICRP and MPPD models predict deposition fraction enhancements of 171%-261% and 33%-63%, respectively, at the three sites.
authors.affiliation: Mel and Enid Zuckerman College of Public Health, University of Arizona , Tucson, Arizona 85724, United States.
authors.forename: Jong-Sang
authors.initials: JS
authors.lastname: Youn
authors.affiliation: National Ecological Observatory Network (NEON) , 1685 38th Street, Boulder, Colorado 80301, United States.
authors.forename: Janae
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Csavina
authors.affiliation: Department of Hydrology and Atmospheric Sciences, University of Arizona , Tucson, Arizona 85721, United States.
authors.forename: Kyle P
authors.initials: KP
authors.lastname: Rine
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, University of Arizona , Tucson, Arizona 85721, United States.
authors.forename: Taylor
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Shingler
authors.affiliation: Department of Environmental Sciences, Macquarie University , North Ryde, Sydney, New South Wales 2109, Australia.
authors.forename: Mark Patrick
authors.initials: MP
authors.lastname: Taylor
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, University of Arizona , Tucson, Arizona 85721, United States.
authors.forename: A Eduardo
authors.initials: AE
authors.lastname: Sáez
authors.affiliation: Department of Hydrology and Atmospheric Sciences, University of Arizona , Tucson, Arizona 85721, United States.
authors.forename: Eric A
authors.initials: EA
authors.lastname: Betterton
authors.affiliation: Mel and Enid Zuckerman College of Public Health, University of Arizona , Tucson, Arizona 85724, United States.|Department of Hydrology and Atmospheric Sciences, University of Arizona , Tucson, Arizona 85721, United States.|Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, University of Arizona , Tucson, Arizona 85721, United States.
authors.forename: Armin
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Sorooshian
mesh_terms: D000336:Aerosols; D000393:Air Pollutants; D008906:Mining; D010316:Particle Size; D052638:Particulate Matter; D012137:Respiratory System
chemical_list: D000336:Aerosols; D000393:Air Pollutants; D052638:Particulate Matter