title: The Tip of the Iceberg: On the Roles of Regulatory Small RNAs in the Virulence of Enterohemorrhagic and EnteropathogenicEscherichia coli.
abstract: Enterohemorrhagic and enteropathogenicEscherichia coliare gastrointestinal pathogens that disrupt the intestinal microvilli to form attaching and effacing (A/E) lesions on infected cells and cause diarrhea. This pathomorphological trait is encoded within the pathogenicity island locus of enterocyte effacement (LEE). The LEE houses a type 3 secretion system (T3SS), which upon assembly bridges the bacterial cytosol to that of the host and enables the bacterium to traffic dozens of effectors into the host where they hijack regulatory and signal transduction pathways and contribute to bacterial colonization and disease. Owing to the importance of the LEE to EHEC and EPEC pathogenesis, much of the research on these pathogens has centered on its regulation. To date, over 40 proteinaceous factors have been identified that control the LEE at various hierarchical levels of gene expression. In contrast, RNA-based regulatory mechanisms that converge on the LEE have only just begun to be unraveled. In this minireview, we highlight major breakthroughs in small RNAs (sRNAs)-dependent regulation of the LEE, with an emphasis on their mechanisms of action and/or LEE-encoded targets.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biology, Saint Joseph's University Philadelphia, PA, USA.
authors.forename: Shantanu
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Bhatt
authors.affiliation: Department of Biology, Saint Joseph's University Philadelphia, PA, USA.
authors.forename: Marisa
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Egan
authors.affiliation: Department of Biology, Saint Joseph's University Philadelphia, PA, USA.
authors.forename: Valerie
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Jenkins
authors.affiliation: Department of Biology, Saint Joseph's University Philadelphia, PA, USA.
authors.forename: Sarah
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Muche
authors.affiliation: Department of Biology, Saint Joseph's University Philadelphia, PA, USA.
authors.forename: Jihad
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: El-Fenej
mesh_terms: D003967:Diarrhea / Q000382:microbiology; D054324:Enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000472:pathogenicity; D054308:Enteropathogenic Escherichia coli / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000472:pathogenicity; D004927:Escherichia coli Infections / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000382:microbiology; D029968:Escherichia coli Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D015964:Gene Expression Regulation, Bacterial; D044404:Genomic Islands / Q000235:genetics; D035001:Host Factor 1 Protein / Q000378:metabolism; D054884:Host-Pathogen Interactions; D006801:Humans; D010750:Phosphoproteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D012329:RNA, Bacterial / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000502:physiology*; D015398:Signal Transduction; D000069296:Type III Secretion Systems; D014774:Virulence / Q000235:genetics*
chemical_list: D029968:Escherichia coli Proteins; C087373:Hfq protein, E coli; D035001:Host Factor 1 Protein; C457340:LEE protein, E coli; D010750:Phosphoproteins; D012329:RNA, Bacterial; D000069296:Type III Secretion Systems
keywords: EHEC; EPEC; LEE; posttranscriptional; sRNA; transcriptional