title: Gender Disparity in Lipid Target Achievements in High and Very High Atherosclerotic Cardiovascular Disease Risk Patients in the Arabian Gulf.
abstract: Few studies assessed gender disparity in lipid goal attainment in the Arabian Gulf. Hence, we estimated gender gaps in lipid target achievements among patients at high and very high atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD) risk in the Centralized Pan-Middle East Survey on the undertreatment of hypercholesterolemia (CEPHEUS).
  
  
  
  The study (conducted between November 22, 2009 and July 7, 2010) included 4,384 patients (&#8805;18 years) on lipid lowering drugs at high and very ASCVD risk status from outpatient clinics of 177 specialists and primary care physicians in 6 Arabian Gulf countries.
  
  
  
  The overall mean age was 57±11 years and 40% (n=1763) were women. Women were more likely to have diabetes mellitus (84 vs 71%; p <0.001) and metabolic syndrome (49 vs 35%; p <0.001) compared with males. Women were less likely to achieve their low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDLC) (28 vs 32%; p = 0.002), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) (42 vs 50%; p <0.001), and apolipoprotein B (Apo B) (38 vs 42%; p = 0.015) targets compared with men. In the very high ASCVD risk cohort, women were significantly less likely to achieve their LDL-C (20 vs 30%; p <0.001), non- HDL-C (34 vs 39%; p = 0.001) and Apo B (34 vs 41%; p <0.001) therapeutic targets compared with men.
  
  
  
  Women in the Arabian Gulf were less likely to achieve their lipid targets than men. The difference was more significant in the very high ASCVD risk group.
authors.forename: Ibrahim
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Al-Zakwani
authors.forename: Abdullah
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Shehab
authors.forename: Ali T
authors.initials: AT
authors.lastname: Al-Hinai
authors.forename: Wael
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Al Mahmeed
authors.forename: Mohamed
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Arafah
authors.forename: Omer
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Al Tamimi
authors.forename: Mahmoud
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Al Awadhi
authors.forename: Faisal
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Al Anazi
authors.forename: Haitham
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Amin
authors.forename: Khalid
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Al Nemer
authors.forename: Shorook
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Al Herz
authors.forename: Othman
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Metwally
authors.forename: Akram
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Alkhadra
authors.forename: Mohammed
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Fakhry
authors.forename: Hossam
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Elghetany
authors.forename: Abdel Razak
authors.initials: AR
authors.lastname: Medani
authors.forename: Afzal Hussein
authors.initials: AH
authors.lastname: Yusufali
authors.forename: Obaid
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Al Jassim
authors.forename: Omar
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Al Hallaq
authors.forename: Fahad
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Omar
authors.forename: Ahmed S
authors.initials: AS
authors.lastname: Baslaib
authors.forename: Khalid
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Al Waili
authors.forename: Khamis
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Al Hashmi
authors.forename: Vasilios G
authors.initials: VG
authors.lastname: Athyros
authors.affiliation: Department of Biochemistry, Sultan Qaboos University Hospital, P.O. Box 38, Al-Khod, Muscat 123, Oman. k.alrasadi@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Khalid
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Al Rasadi
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D050197:Atherosclerosis / Q000097:blood / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000517:prevention & control*; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000097:blood; D005260:Female; D019538:Health Care Surveys; D054624:Health Status Disparities; D054625:Healthcare Disparities; D006801:Humans; D006937:Hypercholesterolemia / Q000097:blood / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000453:epidemiology; D000960:Hypolipidemic Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D008055:Lipids / Q000097:blood*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D008877:Middle East / Q000453:epidemiology; D018570:Risk Assessment; D012307:Risk Factors; D012737:Sex Factors; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; D000960:Hypolipidemic Agents; D008055:Lipids