title: Embryonic kidney function in a chronic renal failure model in rodents.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Rapid advancements have been made in alternative treatments for renal diseases. Our goal for renal regeneration is to establish a kidney graft derived from human embryonic tissues. In this study, we investigated the effects of host renal failure on the structure and activity of transplanted embryonic kidney and bladder, and found that diuretics effectively induced urine production in the transplanted kidney.
  
  
  METHODS
  Uremic conditions were reproduced using a 5/6 renal infarction rat model. An embryonic kidney plus bladder (embryonic day 15) was isolated from a pregnant Lewis rat and transplanted into the para-aortic area of a 5/6 renal-infarcted Lewis rat. Following growth, the embryonic bladder was successfully anastomosed to the host ureter.
  
  
  RESULTS
  We assessed graft function in terms of survival rates and found no differences between normal (n = 5) and renal failure (n = 8) groups (median survival: 70.5 vs 74.5 h; p = 0.331) in terms of survival, indicating that the grafts prolonged rat survival, even under renal failure conditions. Furosemide (n = 9) significantly increased urine volume compared with saline-treated controls (n = 7; p < 0.05), confirming that the grafts were functional. We also demonstrated the possibilities of an in vivo imaging system for determining the viability of transplanted embryonic kidney with bladder.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The results of this study demonstrate that transplanted embryonic kidney and bladder can grow and function effectively, even under uremic conditions.
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, St. Marianna University School of Medicine, Kanagawa, Japan.|Division of Regenerative Medicine, The Jikei University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan.
authors.forename: Eisuke
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Fujimoto
authors.affiliation: Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Internal Medicine, The Jikei University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan.|Division of Regenerative Medicine, The Jikei University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan.
authors.forename: Shuichiro
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Yamanaka
authors.affiliation: Division of Regenerative Medicine, The Jikei University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan.|Department of Otorhinolaryngology, The Jikei University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan.
authors.forename: Sho
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Kurihara
authors.affiliation: Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Internal Medicine, The Jikei University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan.|Division of Regenerative Medicine, The Jikei University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan.
authors.forename: Susumu
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Tajiri
authors.affiliation: Division of Regenerative Medicine, The Jikei University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan.
authors.forename: Luna
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Izuhara
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, St. Marianna University School of Medicine, Kanagawa, Japan.|Division of Regenerative Medicine, The Jikei University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan.
authors.forename: Yuichi
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Katsuoka
authors.affiliation: Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Internal Medicine, The Jikei University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan.
authors.forename: Shinya
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Yokote
authors.affiliation: Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Internal Medicine, The Jikei University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan.
authors.forename: Kei
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Matsumoto
authors.affiliation: Department of Organ Fabrication, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan.
authors.forename: Eiji
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Kobayashi
authors.affiliation: Division of Regenerative Medicine, The Jikei University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan.
authors.forename: Hirotaka James
authors.initials: HJ
authors.lastname: Okano
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, St. Marianna University School of Medicine, Kanagawa, Japan.
authors.forename: Tatsuya
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Chikaraishi
authors.affiliation: Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Internal Medicine, The Jikei University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan. tyokoo@jikei.ac.jp.
authors.forename: Takashi
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Yokoo
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D004232:Diuretics / Q000494:pharmacology; D005260:Female; D005665:Furosemide / Q000494:pharmacology; D005865:Gestational Age; D006085:Graft Survival; D007668:Kidney / Q000187:drug effects / Q000196:embryology / Q000254:growth & development / Q000601:surgery*; D007676:Kidney Failure, Chronic / Q000196:embryology / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000601:surgery*; D016030:Kidney Transplantation / Q000379:methods*; D008297:Male; D011247:Pregnancy; D011917:Rats, Inbred Lew; D013997:Time Factors; D014511:Uremia / Q000196:embryology / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000601:surgery*; D001743:Urinary Bladder / Q000187:drug effects / Q000196:embryology / Q000254:growth & development / Q000637:transplantation*; D014554:Urination / Q000187:drug effects
chemical_list: D004232:Diuretics; D005665:Furosemide
keywords: Metanephron; Regeneration; Renal failure