title: Genetic, metabolic and endocrine aspect of intrauterine growth restriction: an update.
abstract: Intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR) is defined as growth of fetus below its in-utero growth potential. Small for gestational age (SGA) is defined as newborn with birth weight less than 10th centile as per the gestational age, sex and race. There exists major difference between IUGR and SGA. IUGR infants have multiple short-term and long-term complications and IUGR is a silent cause of various morbidities and mortalities in these infants. IUGR/SGA is usually end results of maternal, placental, fetal and genetic causes. With the advance of molecular biology, the list genetic cause of IUGR is increasing and these genetic causes include maternal, placental and fetal genes. Several metabolic and endocrinal causes are also responsible to cause IUGR. In this review, we will try to cover genetic, metabolic and endocrinal factors that are responsible for IUGR.
authors.affiliation: a Consultant Neonatologist, Department of Neonatology , NEOCLINIC , TN Mishra Marg, Everest Vihar, Nirman Nagar , Jaipur , Rajasthan , India.
authors.forename: Deepak
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Sharma
authors.affiliation: b Department of Medicine , Mahatma Gandhi Medical College , Jaipur , Rajasthan , India , and.
authors.forename: Pradeep
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Sharma
authors.affiliation: c Department of Pathology , N.K.P Salve Medical College , Nagpur , Maharashtra , India.
authors.forename: Sweta
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Shastri
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D005260:Female; D005317:Fetal Growth Retardation / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism; D006728:Hormones / Q000502:physiology; D006801:Humans; D010920:Placenta / Q000502:physiology; D011247:Pregnancy
chemical_list: D006728:Hormones
keywords: Intrauterine growth restriction; endocrine; fetal genes; maternal genes; metabolic; placental genes