title: Frequency and trends of disease-modifying antirheumatic drug (DMARD) use in Germany.
abstract: The aim of this study was to analyze the population-based frequency of classic (c-) and biologic (b-) disease-modifying antirheumatic drug (DMARD) use over time, selected underlying indications and the specialty of the prescribing physicians in Germany. Based on the claims data of the German Pharmacoepidemiological Research Database (GePaRD), yearly cross-sectional studies were conducted from 2004 to 2011. The prevalence of DMARD use was calculated as the number of persons with at least one dispensation per 1000 persons stratified by sex and age. In 2011, we also obtained the proportion of c- and b-DMARDs users with diagnoses of selected indications and the proportion of dispensations by specialty of the physician. Between 2004 and 2011, the annual prevalence of b-DMARD and c-DMARD use increased from 0.35‰ to 1.54‰ and from 6.53‰ to 8.93‰, respectively. In 2011, the study population comprised 12.8 million insurants with a mean age of 44.0 years. During this year, among c-DMARDs, methotrexate was prescribed most frequently (4.76‰), followed by azathioprine (1.72‰) and sulfasalazine (1.20‰). For b-DMARDs, adalimumab (0.57‰), etanercept (0.46‰), and rituximab (0.23‰) were most frequently used. Notably, b-DMARD users more often had a diagnosis of ankylosing spondylitis and psoriasis compared to c-DMARD-users (20.7% vs. 2.9% and 20.0% vs. 11.4%, respectively) and b-DMARDs were more frequently prescribed by rheumatologists and other specialists. Our population-based study highlights the increasing use of c- and b-DMARDs in Germany. Compared to c-DMARDs, b-DMARDs were commonly used for indications besides rheumatoid arthritis. Future research should therefore also focus on their prescription patterns and safety aspects in indications other than RA.
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical Epidemiology Leibniz Institute for Prevention Research and Epidemiology (BIPS) Achterstrasse 30 28359 Bremen Germany.
authors.forename: Alexander M
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Fassmer
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical Epidemiology Leibniz Institute for Prevention Research and Epidemiology (BIPS) Achterstrasse 30 28359 Bremen Germany.
authors.forename: Edeltraut
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Garbe
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical Epidemiology Leibniz Institute for Prevention Research and Epidemiology (BIPS) Achterstrasse 3028359 Bremen Germany; Health Risk Institute GmbH Spittelmarkt 1210117 Berlin Germany.
authors.forename: Niklas
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Schmedt
keywords: Biologicals; claims analysis; disease‐modifying antirheumatic drugs; pharmacoepidemiology; rheumatoid arthritis