title: Long-term manure amendments and chemical fertilizers enhanced soil organic carbon sequestration in a wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)-maize (Zea mays L.) rotation system.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The carbon sequestration potential is affected by cropping system and management practices, but soil organic carbon (SOC) sequestration potential under fertilizations remains unclear in north China. This study examined SOC change, total C input to soil and, via integration of these estimates over years, carbon sequestration efficiency (CSE, the ratio of SOC change over C input) under no fertilization (control), chemical nitrogen fertilizer alone (N) or combined with phosphorus and potassium fertilizers (NP, NK, PK and NPK), or chemical fertilizers combined with low or high (1.5×) manure input (NPKM and 1.5NPKM).
  
  
  RESULTS
  Results showed that, as compared with the initial condition, SOC content increased by 0.03, 0.06, 0.05, 0.09, 0.16, 0.26, 0.47 and 0.68 Mg C ha-1year-1under control, N, NK, PK, NP, NPK, NPKM and 1.5NPKM treatments respectively. Correspondingly, the C inputs of wheat and maize were 1.24, 1.34, 1.55, 1.33, 2.72, 2.96, 2.97 and 3.15 Mg ha-1year-1respectively. The long-term fertilization-induced CSE showed that about 11% of the gross C input was transformed into SOC pool.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Overall, this study demonstrated that decade-long manure input combined with chemical fertilizers can maintain high crop yield and lead to SOC sequestration in north China. © 2016 Society of Chemical Industry.
authors.affiliation: Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China.|Institute of Plant Nutrition and Environmental Resources Science, Henan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou, 450002, China.
authors.forename: Shuiqing
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: Institute of Plant Nutrition and Environmental Resources Science, Henan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou, 450002, China.
authors.forename: Shaomin
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Huang
authors.affiliation: National Engineering Laboratory for Improving Quality of Arable Land, Institute of Agricultural Resources and Regional Planning, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, China.
authors.forename: Jianwei
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: Institute of Plant Nutrition and Environmental Resources Science, Henan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou, 450002, China.
authors.forename: Doudou
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Guo
authors.affiliation: Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China.
authors.forename: Shan
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Lin
authors.affiliation: Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China.
authors.forename: Guoan
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Lu
mesh_terms: D000383:Agriculture / Q000379:methods*; D057965:Carbon Sequestration; D002681:China; D005308:Fertilizers / Q000032:analysis; D008372:Manure / Q000032:analysis*; D009584:Nitrogen / Q000032:analysis / Q000378:metabolism*; D010758:Phosphorus / Q000032:analysis / Q000378:metabolism; D011188:Potassium / Q000032:analysis / Q000378:metabolism; D012987:Soil / Q000737:chemistry; D014908:Triticum / Q000254:growth & development* / Q000378:metabolism; D003313:Zea mays / Q000254:growth & development* / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D005308:Fertilizers; D008372:Manure; D012987:Soil; D010758:Phosphorus; D009584:Nitrogen; D011188:Potassium
keywords: SOC sequestration; amendments; long-term fertilization; manure; soil organic carbon (SOC); wheat-maize rotation system