title: Nephro-protective action of P. santalinus against alcohol-induced biochemical alterations and oxidative damage in rats.
abstract: The present study investigated the antioxidant potential of P. santalinus heartwood methanolic extract (PSE) against alcohol-induced nephro-toxicity. The results indicated an increase in the concentration of kidney damage plasma markers, urea and creatinine with a concomitant decrease in the concentration of uric acid in alcohol-administered rats. A significant decrease in plasma electrolytes and mineral levels with increased kidney thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) and nitric oxide (NOx) levels was also observed. PSE treatment to alcohol-administered rats effectively prevented the elevation in TBARS and NOx levels. Decreased activity of Na+/K+-ATPase in alcohol administered rats was brought to near normal levels with treatment of PSE. Chronic alcohol consumption affects antioxidant enzymatic activity and reabsorption function of the kidney which is evident from the decreased level of GSH as well as the activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), glutathione peroxidase (GPx), glutathione reductase (GR) and glutathione s-transferase (GST). However, treatment with PSE to alcohol-administered rats significantly enhanced these enzymatic activities and reduced glutathione (GSH) content close to normal level. Alcohol-induced organ damage was evident from morphological changes in the kidney. Nevertheless, administration of PSE effectively restored these morphological changes to normal. The flavonoid and tannoid compounds might have protective activity against alcohol-induced oxidative/nitrosative stress mediated kidney damage.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biochemistry, Sri Krishnadevaraya University, Anantapur, 515 003, Andhra Pradesh, India.
authors.forename: Saradamma
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Bulle
authors.affiliation: Department of Biochemistry, Sri Krishnadevaraya University, Anantapur, 515 003, Andhra Pradesh, India.
authors.forename: Vaddi Damodara
authors.initials: VD
authors.lastname: Reddy
authors.affiliation: Department of Biochemistry, Sri Krishnadevaraya University, Anantapur, 515 003, Andhra Pradesh, India; Department of Biotechnology, New Horizon College of Engineering, Bangalore, 560103, India.
authors.forename: Ananda Vardhan
authors.initials: AV
authors.lastname: Hebbani
authors.affiliation: Oil Technological Research Institute, Jawaharlal Nehru Technological University, Anantapur, 515 001, Andhra Pradesh, India.
authors.forename: Pannuru
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Padmavathi
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry, Jawaharlal Nehru Technological University, Anantapur, 515 002, Andhra Pradesh, India.
authors.forename: Chandrasekhar
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Challa
authors.affiliation: DR Biosciences, Research and Development Institute, Jayanagar, Bangalore, Karnataka, 560 011, India.
authors.forename: Pavan Kumar
authors.initials: PK
authors.lastname: Puvvada
authors.affiliation: DR Biosciences, Research and Development Institute, Jayanagar, Bangalore, Karnataka, 560 011, India.
authors.forename: Elisha
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Repalle
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry, Jawaharlal Nehru Technological University, Anantapur, 515 002, Andhra Pradesh, India.
authors.forename: Devanna
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Nayakanti
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL, 32816, USA.
authors.forename: Chandrakala
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Aluganti Narasimhulu
authors.affiliation: Department of Biochemistry, Sri Krishnadevaraya University, Anantapur, 515 003, Andhra Pradesh, India. Electronic address: vdp_1975@yahoo.co.in.
authors.forename: Varadacharyulu
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Nallanchakravarthula
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000975:Antioxidants / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use; D000431:Ethanol / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000633:toxicity*; D007674:Kidney Diseases / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000517:prevention & control*; D008297:Male; D018384:Oxidative Stress / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000502:physiology; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D020011:Protective Agents / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use; D035721:Pterocarpus; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar
chemical_list: D000975:Antioxidants; D010936:Plant Extracts; D020011:Protective Agents; C519377:Pterocarpus santalinus extract; D000431:Ethanol
keywords: Alcohol; Nephro-toxicity; Oxidative stress/Nitrosative stress; P. santalinus