title: Clinical Features of Acute and Fulminant Myocarditis in Children　- 2nd Nationwide Survey by Japanese Society of Pediatric Cardiology and Cardiac Surgery.
abstract: The 1st nationwide survey by the Japanese Society of Pediatric Cardiology and Cardiac Surgery of acute or fulminant myocarditis (AMC/FMC) in children revealed that the survival rate of FMC was only 51.6%. The 2nd nationwide survey was performed to evaluate the recent outcomes of pediatric myocarditis.
  
  
  
  Questionnaires regarding patients aged ≤18 years with AMC/FMC during the period from January 2006 to December 2011 were mailed. A total of 221 cases (age 6.5±5.3 years, 116 boys and 105 girls) were reported. There were 145 (65.6%) and 74 cases (33.5%) of AMC/FMC, respectively; the type of myocarditis was not reported in the remaining 2 cases (0.9%). Viruses were identified in 56 cases (25.3%), including coxsackie B in 9 and influenza A in 8. Histopathology by either endomyocardial biopsy or autopsy was obtained in 38 cases (19.2%). Intravenous immunoglobulin was effective in 49 (34.3%) of 143 cases. Steroid therapy was effective in 20 (32.8%) of 61 cases. Mechanical circulatory support was given in 54 cases (24.4%) and 94.2% of them were patients with FMC. The survival rates for the whole study population, acute myocarditis, and FMC were 75.6%, 91.0%, and 48.6%, respectively.
  
  
  
  The survival rate of children with myocarditis was almost identical to that of 10 years ago. (Circ J 2016; 80: 2362-2368).
authors.affiliation: The First Department of Pediatrics, Toho University School of Medicine.
authors.forename: Hiroyuki
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Matsuura
authors.forename: Fukiko
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Ichida
authors.forename: Tsutomu
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Saji
authors.forename: Shunichi
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Ogawa
authors.forename: Kenji
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Waki
authors.forename: Masahide
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kaneko
authors.forename: Masahiro
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Tahara
authors.forename: Takashi
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Soga
authors.forename: Yasuo
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Ono
authors.forename: Satoshi
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Yasukochi
mesh_terms: D000208:Acute Disease; D002309:Cardiology; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D003384:Coxsackievirus Infections / Q000401:mortality / Q000601:surgery; D018572:Disease-Free Survival; D029822:Enterovirus B, Human; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D009980:Influenza A virus; D007251:Influenza, Human / Q000401:mortality / Q000601:surgery; D007564:Japan / Q000453:epidemiology; D008297:Male; D009205:Myocarditis / Q000401:mortality / Q000601:surgery; D012955:Societies, Medical; D015996:Survival Rate