title: Chitosanase purified from bacterial isolate Bacillus licheniformis of ruined vegetables displays broad spectrum biofilm inhibition.
abstract: A number of bacterial species produces chitosanases which has variety of applications because of its high biodegradability, non-toxicity and antimicrobial assets. In the present study chitosanase is purified from new bacterial species Bacillus licheniformis from spoiled vegetable. This novel strain of Bacillus licheniformis isolated from spoilt cucumber and pepper samples has the ability to produce the chitosanase enzyme when grown on chitosan substrate. Study also examined its antibiofilm properties against diverse bacterial species with biofilm forming ability. The purified chitosanase inhibited the biofilm formation ability for all Gram-negative and Gram-positive biofilm-forming bacteria [biofilm producers] tested in this study in congo red agar and microtiter plate's methods. Highly antibiofilm activity of chitosanase was recorded against Pseudomonas aeruginosa followed by Klebsiella pneumoniae with reduction of biofilm formation upto 22 and 29%, respectively compared with [100] % of control. Biofilm formation has multiple role including ability to enhance resistance and self-protection from external stress. This chitosanase has promising benefit as antibiofilm agent against biofilm forming pathogenic bacteria and has promising application as alternative antibiofilm agents to combat the growing number of multidrug resistant pathogen-associated infections, especially in situation where biofilms are involved.
authors.affiliation: Al-Mustansiriyah University, College of Science, Department of Biology, Branch of Biotechnology, Box 10422, Baghdad, Iraq.
authors.forename: Sahira Nsayef
authors.initials: SN
authors.lastname: Muslim
authors.affiliation: Al-Mustansiriyah University, College of Science, Department of Biology, Branch of Biotechnology, Box 10422, Baghdad, Iraq. Electronic address: israaalkadmy@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Israa M S
authors.initials: IMS
authors.lastname: Al-Kadmy
authors.affiliation: Al-Mustansiriyah University, College of Science, Department of Biology, Branch of Biotechnology, Box 10422, Baghdad, Iraq.
authors.forename: Nadheema Hammood
authors.initials: NH
authors.lastname: Hussein
authors.affiliation: Al-Mustansiriyah University, College of Science, Department of Biology, Branch of Biotechnology, Box 10422, Baghdad, Iraq.
authors.forename: Alaa Naseer
authors.initials: AN
authors.lastname: Mohammed Ali
authors.affiliation: Al-Mustansiriyah University, College of Science, Department of Biology, Branch of Biotechnology, Box 10422, Baghdad, Iraq.
authors.forename: Buthainah Mohammed
authors.initials: BM
authors.lastname: Taha
authors.affiliation: Al-Mustansiriyah University, College of Science, Department of Biology, Branch of Biotechnology, Box 10422, Baghdad, Iraq.
authors.forename: Sarah Naji
authors.initials: SN
authors.lastname: Aziz
authors.affiliation: Dental Biomaterials Research Chair, Dental Health Department, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh 11433, Saudi Arabia.
authors.forename: Abdulaziz Abdullah Al
authors.initials: AAA
authors.lastname: Kheraif
authors.affiliation: Dental Biomaterials Research Chair, Dental Health Department, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh 11433, Saudi Arabia.
authors.forename: Darshan Devang
authors.initials: DD
authors.lastname: Divakar
authors.affiliation: Dental Biomaterials Research Chair, Dental Health Department, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh 11433, Saudi Arabia.
authors.forename: Ravikumar
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Ramakrishnaiah
mesh_terms: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000378:metabolism*; D000069976:Bacillus licheniformis / Q000201:enzymology* / Q000254:growth & development / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000378:metabolism; D018441:Biofilms / Q000187:drug effects*; D048271:Chitosan / Q000378:metabolism; D006026:Glycoside Hydrolases / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000378:metabolism*; D014675:Vegetables / Q000382:microbiology*
chemical_list: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents; D048271:Chitosan; D006026:Glycoside Hydrolases; C019868:chitosanase
keywords: Antibiofilm; Bacillus licheniformis; Biofilm; Chitosanase