title: Esophageal carcinoma: Ex vivo evaluation by high-spatial-resolution T2-mapping MRI compared with histopathological findings at 3.0T.
abstract: To prospectively determine the feasibility of T2-mapping magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) to quantitatively describe the signal characteristics of the normal esophageal wall and assess the depth of esophageal wall invasion by carcinoma at 3.0T.
  
  
  
  Thirty-two patient specimens, each having foci of carcinoma, were studied using 3.0T MR. Freehand regions of interest were placed to measure the T2value of the normal esophageal layers and were compared with the regions of carcinoma. Three independent readers reviewed the MR images to evaluate the depth of carcinoma invasion; when the three radiologists could not fully agree with each other, the final stage was determined by consensus. The Games-Howell test was used to compare the difference between the normal esophageal layers and carcinoma. Spearman correlation coefficient analysis was used to compare the stage at MRI with that at histopathological analysis. The interobserver agreement was compared with Cohen's kappa. The sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy for detecting carcinoma invasion were calculated.
  
  
  
  The T2values between the carcinoma and normal esophageal layers were different (all P < 0.01), except for the inner circular muscle (P = 0.511). The T2value of each layer of the normal esophageal wall was also different from that of the adjacent layer (all P < 0.01). In 29 of 32 lesions, the depth of the esophageal wall invasion determined by MR was consistent with the histopathological stage (r = 0.969, P < 0.001). The sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy were 80%, 96.3%, and 93.8%, respectively, for invasion into the mucosa; 77.8%, 95.7%, and 90.6%, respectively, for invasion into submucosa; 100%, 95.8%, and 96.9%, respectively, for invasion into muscularis propria; and 100%, 100%, and 100%, respectively, for invasion into the adventitia.
  
  
  
  T2-mapping MR images obtained using a 3.0T MR scanner can be used to depict the precise histopathological layers of the esophageal wall clearly and provide excellent diagnostic accuracy for assessing esophageal carcinoma invasion.
  
  
  
  1 Technical Efficacy: Stage 2 J. MAGN. RESON. IMAGING 2017;45:1609-1616.
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, Zhengzhou University People's Hospital, Zhengzhou, China.|Department of Radiology, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, Zhengzhou, China.
authors.forename: Yi
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Wei
authors.affiliation: Center of Thoracic Tumor, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, Zhengzhou, China.
authors.forename: Sen
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Wu
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, Zhengzhou University People's Hospital, Zhengzhou, China.|Department of Radiology, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, Zhengzhou, China.
authors.forename: Feifei
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Gao
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathology, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, Zhengzhou, China.
authors.forename: Tingyi
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Sun
authors.affiliation: GE Healthcare China, Beijing, China.
authors.forename: Dandan
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Zheng
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, Zhengzhou University People's Hospital, Zhengzhou, China.|Department of Radiology, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, Zhengzhou, China.
authors.forename: Peigang
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Ning
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, Zhengzhou University People's Hospital, Zhengzhou, China.|Department of Radiology, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, Zhengzhou, China.
authors.forename: Cuihua
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Zhao
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, Zhengzhou University People's Hospital, Zhengzhou, China.|Department of Radiology, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, Zhengzhou, China.
authors.forename: Ziyuan
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, Zhengzhou University People's Hospital, Zhengzhou, China.|Department of Radiology, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, Zhengzhou, China.
authors.forename: Xiaodong
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, Zhengzhou University People's Hospital, Zhengzhou, China.|Department of Radiology, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, Zhengzhou, China.
authors.forename: Linlin
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, Zhengzhou University People's Hospital, Zhengzhou, China.|Department of Radiology, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, Zhengzhou, China.
authors.forename: Shaocheng
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Zhu
mesh_terms: D004938:Esophageal Neoplasms / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000473:pathology*; D004947:Esophagus / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000473:pathology*; D005240:Feasibility Studies; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007089:Image Enhancement / Q000379:methods*; D007090:Image Interpretation, Computer-Assisted / Q000379:methods*; D066298:In Vitro Techniques; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging / Q000379:methods*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009361:Neoplasm Invasiveness; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity
keywords: T2-mapping; esophageal carcinoma; ex vivo; histopathological slices; magnetic resonance image