title: Pectin-non-starch nanofibers biocomposites as novel gastrointestinal-resistant prebiotics.
abstract: Incorporation of nanofibers of chitin (NC), lignocellulose (NLC) and bacterial cellulose (BNC) in pectin was studied to improve prebiotic activity and gastrointestinal resistance of the pectin-nanofibers biocomposites for protection of probiotics under simulated gastrointestinal conditions. The biocomposites were prepared using various compositions of pectin and nanofibers, which were designed using D-optimal mixture method. The incorporation of the nanofibers in pectin led to a slow degradation of the pectin-nanofibers biocomposites in contrast to their rapid swelling. AFM analysis indicated the homogenous distribution of interconnected nanofibers network structure in the pectin-nanofibers biocomposite. FTIR spectra demonstrated fabrication of the biocomposites based on the inter- and intra-molecular hydrogen bonding and ionic interaction of pectin-Ca2+. XRD patterns revealed the amorphous structures of the biocomposites as compared to the crystalline structures of the nanofibers. Among the compositions, the optimal compositions were as follows: 60% pectin+40% NC, 50% pectin+50% NLC and 60% pectin+40% BNC, where the prebiotic score, probiotic survival under simulated gastric and intestinal conditions were optimum. The optimal biocomposite pectin-NC exhibited the highest survival of the entrapped probiotic bacteria under simulated gastric (97.7%) and intestinal (95.8%) conditions when compared with the corresponding to free cells (76.2 and 73.4%).
authors.affiliation: Biotechnology Group, Faculty of Chemical Engineering, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran.
authors.forename: Alireza Chackoshian
authors.initials: AC
authors.lastname: Khorasani
authors.affiliation: Biotechnology Group, Faculty of Chemical Engineering, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran. Electronic address: shoja_sa@modares.ac.ir.
authors.forename: Seyed Abbas
authors.initials: SA
authors.lastname: Shojaosadati
mesh_terms: D000070000:Bacillus coagulans / Q000502:physiology; D004926:Escherichia coli / Q000502:physiology; D005285:Fermentation; D050296:Microbial Viability; D053761:Nanocomposites / Q000737:chemistry / Q000382:microbiology* / Q000648:ultrastructure; D057139:Nanofibers / Q000737:chemistry / Q000382:microbiology* / Q000648:ultrastructure; D010368:Pectins / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000648:ultrastructure; D056692:Prebiotics / Q000382:microbiology*; D013499:Surface Properties; D014961:X-Ray Diffraction
chemical_list: D056692:Prebiotics; D010368:Pectins
keywords: Bacterial nanocellulose; Biocomposite; Cellulose gel (PubChem CID: 14055602); Chitin (PubChem CID: 6857375); Gastrointestinal resistant; Nanochitin; Nanolignocellulose; Pectin; Pectin (PubChem CID: 441476)