title: Glutathione-dependent micelles based on carboxymethyl chitosan for delivery of doxorubicin.
abstract: Novel glutathione (GSH)-dependent micelles based on carboxymethyl chitosan (CMCS) were developed for triggered intracellular release of doxorubicin (DOX). DOX-33'-Dithiobis (N-hydroxysuccinimidyl propionate)-CMCS (DOX-DSP-CMCS) prodrugs were synthesized. DOX was attached to the amino group on CMCS via disulfide bonds and drug-loaded micelles were formed by self-assembly. The micelles formed core-shell structure with CMCS and DOX as the shell and core, respectively, in aqueous media. The structure of the prodrugs was confirmed by IR and proton nuclear magnetic resonance (1H NMR) spectroscopy. The drug-loading capacity determined by UV spectrophotometry was 4.96% and the critical micelle concentration of polymer prodrugs determined by pyrene fluorescence was 0.089 mg/mL. Micelles were spherical and the mean size of the nanoparticles was 174 nm, with a narrow polydispersity index of 0.106. Moreover, in vitro drug release experiments showed that the micelles were highly GSH-sensitive owing to the reductively degradable disulfide bonds. Cell counting kit (CCK-8) assays revealed that DOX-DSP-CMCS micelles exhibited effective cytotoxicity against HeLa cells. Moreover, confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM) demonstrated that DOX-DSP-CMCS micelles could efficiently deliver and release DOX in the cancer cells. In conclusion, the DOX-DSP-CMCS nanosystem is a promising drug delivery vehicle for cancer therapy.
authors.affiliation: a Department of Phamaceutical Engineering, School of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Life Sciences , Wuhan University of Technology , Wuhan , China.
authors.forename: Xueqiong
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: a Department of Phamaceutical Engineering, School of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Life Sciences , Wuhan University of Technology , Wuhan , China.
authors.forename: Chunfu
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: a Department of Phamaceutical Engineering, School of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Life Sciences , Wuhan University of Technology , Wuhan , China.
authors.forename: Hua
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Zheng
authors.affiliation: a Department of Phamaceutical Engineering, School of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Life Sciences , Wuhan University of Technology , Wuhan , China.
authors.forename: Haoyuan
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Song
authors.affiliation: a Department of Phamaceutical Engineering, School of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Life Sciences , Wuhan University of Technology , Wuhan , China.
authors.forename: Lianghong
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: a Department of Phamaceutical Engineering, School of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Life Sciences , Wuhan University of Technology , Wuhan , China.
authors.forename: Fuliang
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Xiong
authors.affiliation: b School of Traditional Chinese Medicine , Hubei University for Nationalities , Enshi , China.
authors.forename: Jin
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.affiliation: c Biomedical Materials and Engineering Center , Wuhan University of Technology , Wuhan , China.
authors.forename: Tong
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Qiu
keywords: GSH-dependent; Micelles; carboxymethyl chitosan; doxorubicin