title: Background factors associated with problem avoidance behavior in healthy partners of breast cancer patients.
abstract: We evaluated avoidance behaviors of healthy partners of breast cancer patients and sought to (1) describe men's perception of their own avoidance behavior and (2) identify the background factors associated with such behavior.
  
  
  
  An Internet-based survey was conducted, and analysis was performed on the responses of 368 male spouses of female breast cancer patients.
  
  
  
  Thirty to forty percent of spouses had some type of problem avoidance behavior toward their wives. There was a high correlation (r = 0.70, P < .001) between problem avoidance behavior at the time of diagnosis and subsequent problem behavior (mean follow-up period after diagnosis: 1.3 + 1.1 years). The characteristics of spouses with avoidant behaviors included having wives with recurrence, having wives treated with anticancer drug therapy or total resection, and having their own experience of cancer. Covariance structure analysis revealed 2 factors related to the background of spouses with problem avoidance behavior: (1) having a sense of difficulty in coping (beta = 0.68, P < .001) and (2) having a poor marital relationship (beta = -0.27, P < .001).
  
  
  
  Our findings suggest that problem avoidance behavior among healthy male partners of breast cancer patients is common and correlates with difficulty coping and a poor marital relationship. It is important to address both the problem avoidance behavior itself and to support couples early, before this behavior surfaces.
authors.affiliation: Department of Applied Sociology, Kindai University, Osaka, Japan.
authors.forename: Mariko
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Shiozaki
authors.affiliation: Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama City University, Yokohama, Japan.
authors.forename: Makiko
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Sanjo
authors.affiliation: Support Office for Large-Scale Education and Research Projects, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan.
authors.forename: Kei
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Hirai
mesh_terms: D000223:Adaptation, Psychological; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D001943:Breast Neoplasms / Q000523:psychology* / Q000628:therapy; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008393:Marriage / Q000523:psychology*; D008875:Middle Aged; D012747:Sexual Partners / Q000523:psychology*; D012917:Social Adjustment; D018454:Spouses / Q000523:psychology*; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires
keywords: avoidance; breast cancer patients; husband; unsupportive behavior