title: Plant phosphates, phytate and pathological calcifications in chronic kidney disease.
abstract: Phytate, or myo-inositol 1,2,3,4,5,6-hexakis dihydrogen phosphate (InsP6), is a naturally occurring phosphorus compound that is present in many foods, mainly legumes, whole grains and nuts. Patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) have cardiovascular disease mortality up to 30times higher than the general population. Vascular calcifications (VCs) directly contribute to overall morbidity and mortality, especially in CKD. In part, this high mortality is due to elevated levels of phosphorus in the blood. Therefore, control of dietary phosphorus is essential. Dietary phosphorus can be classified according to its structure in organic phosphorus (plant and animal) and inorganic (preservatives and additives). Plant-phosphorus (legumes and nuts), mainly associated with InsP6, is less absorbable by the human gastrointestinal tract as the bioavailability of phosphorous from plant-derived foods is very low. Recent data indicate that restriction of foods containing plant phosphates may compromise the adequate supply of nutrients that have a beneficial effect in preventing cardiovascular events, such as InsP6 or fibre found in legumes and nuts. Experimental studies in animals and observational studies in humans suggest that InsP6 can prevent lithiasis and VCs and protect from osteoporosis. In conclusion, we need prospective studies to elucidate the potential benefits and risks of phytate (InsP6) through the diet and as an intravenous drug in patients on haemodialysis.
authors.affiliation: Nefrología, Hospital Son Llàtzer, Palma de Mallorca, Baleares, España. Electronic address: juanm.buades@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Juan Manuel
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Buades Fuster
authors.affiliation: Laboratorio de Investigación en Litiasis Renal, Instituto de Ciencias de la Salud Investigación (IUNICS-IdISPa), Departamento de Química, Universidad de las Islas Baleares, Palma de Mallorca, Islas Baleares, España.
authors.forename: Pilar
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Sanchís Cortés
authors.affiliation: Laboratoris Sanifit, ParcBIT, Palma de Mallorca, Islas Baleares, España.
authors.forename: Joan
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Perelló Bestard
authors.affiliation: Laboratorio de Investigación en Litiasis Renal, Instituto de Ciencias de la Salud Investigación (IUNICS-IdISPa), Departamento de Química, Universidad de las Islas Baleares, Palma de Mallorca, Islas Baleares, España.
authors.forename: Félix
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Grases Freixedas
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000975:Antioxidants / Q000378:metabolism; D001161:Arteriosclerosis / Q000517:prevention & control; D001682:Biological Availability; D002114:Calcinosis / Q000209:etiology / Q000517:prevention & control*; D002318:Cardiovascular Diseases / Q000209:etiology / Q000401:mortality / Q000517:prevention & control*; D012080:Chronic Kidney Disease-Mineral and Bone Disorder / Q000209:etiology / Q000517:prevention & control; D000069449:Cinacalcet / Q000627:therapeutic use; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D007887:Fabaceae; D006801:Humans; D054559:Hyperphosphatemia / Q000150:complications* / Q000401:mortality; D008297:Male; D015394:Molecular Structure; D009754:Nuts; D064887:Observational Studies as Topic; D010024:Osteoporosis / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000209:etiology; D010710:Phosphates / Q000378:metabolism*; D016226:Phosphorus, Dietary / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000493:pharmacokinetics*; D010833:Phytic Acid / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use; D011446:Prospective Studies; D051381:Rats; D051436:Renal Insufficiency, Chronic / Q000150:complications / Q000178:diet therapy / Q000378:metabolism*; D052878:Urolithiasis / Q000209:etiology / Q000517:prevention & control*
chemical_list: D000975:Antioxidants; D010710:Phosphates; D016226:Phosphorus, Dietary; D010833:Phytic Acid; D000069449:Cinacalcet
keywords: Calcificaciones vasculares; Calcifilaxis; Calciphylaxis; Chronic kidney disease; Enfermedad renal crónica; Fitato; Hiperfosfatemia; Hyperphosphataemia; Phytate; Phytic acid; Vascular calcifications; Ácido fítico