title: Attenuation of oxidative stress in Type 1 diabetic rats supplemented with a seasoning obtained from winemaking by-products and its effect on endothelial function.
abstract: Type 1 diabetes mellitus (DM) is characterized by hyperglycemia resulting from insulin deficiency. This is usually accompanied by a pro-oxidative environment, dyslipidemia and endothelial dysfunction, thus leading to several micro- and macro-vascular complications. This study investigated the potential benefits of a seasoning obtained from seedless red wine pomace (RWPS) in protecting against oxidative damage and preserving endothelial function in Type 1 DM, and the underlying mechanisms involved at the level of gene expression. The diet of streptozotocin (45 mg kg-1)-induced diabetic (DB) and control (CN) male Wistar rats (n = 5 rats per group) was supplemented with RWPS (300 mg per kg per day) or vehicle for 4 weeks. Characteristic indicators of DM such as increased food and water intakes and weight loss were significantly ameliorated in DB + RWPS rats, with a notable normalization in their fasting glycemic control and cholesterol profile. Plasma total antioxidant capacity (TAC) was substantially increased, and biomarkers of oxidative damage to lipids (F2-isoprostanes, 24.9%; malondialdehyde, 28.4%) and proteins (carbonyl groups, 5.91%) were significantly decreased. Nitric oxide availability tended to improve in plasma of DB + RWPS compared with DB rats. Insulin levels were increased (1.51-fold) and aortic tissue antioxidant enzymes such as mitochondrial superoxide dismutase (SOD2, 1.93-fold) were up-regulated. Other important genes for endothelial function, including endothelial β-nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate oxidase (NOX4), endothelial and inducible nitric oxide synthases (eNOS, iNOS), and angiotensin-converting enzyme-I (ACE), were non-significantly modulated, although certain potentially positive trends were observed. These results indicate that RWPS supplementation might be a useful nutritional approach to manage Type 1 DM and ameliorate its vascular complications.
authors.affiliation: Department of Food Biotechnology and Science, Faculty of Sciences, University of Burgos, Plaza Misael Bañuelos, 09001, Burgos, Spain. pmuniz@ubu.es rdpino@ubu.es drivero@ubu.es marglez@ubu.es pablo_castilla89@hotmail.com and School of Medicine and Pharmacology, University of Western Australia, Perth 6000, WA, Australia. kevin.croft@uwa.edu.au.
authors.forename: Raquel
authors.identifier: http://orcid.org/0000-0002-9224-3872
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Del Pino-García
authors.affiliation: Department of Food Biotechnology and Science, Faculty of Sciences, University of Burgos, Plaza Misael Bañuelos, 09001, Burgos, Spain. pmuniz@ubu.es rdpino@ubu.es drivero@ubu.es marglez@ubu.es pablo_castilla89@hotmail.com.
authors.forename: María D
authors.initials: MD
authors.lastname: Rivero-Pérez
authors.affiliation: Department of Food Biotechnology and Science, Faculty of Sciences, University of Burgos, Plaza Misael Bañuelos, 09001, Burgos, Spain. pmuniz@ubu.es rdpino@ubu.es drivero@ubu.es marglez@ubu.es pablo_castilla89@hotmail.com.
authors.forename: María L
authors.initials: ML
authors.lastname: González-SanJosé
authors.affiliation: Department of Food Biotechnology and Science, Faculty of Sciences, University of Burgos, Plaza Misael Bañuelos, 09001, Burgos, Spain. pmuniz@ubu.es rdpino@ubu.es drivero@ubu.es marglez@ubu.es pablo_castilla89@hotmail.com.
authors.forename: Pablo
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Castilla-Camina
authors.affiliation: School of Medicine and Pharmacology, University of Western Australia, Perth 6000, WA, Australia. kevin.croft@uwa.edu.au.
authors.forename: Kevin D
authors.identifier: http://orcid.org/0000-0003-1596-4913
authors.initials: KD
authors.lastname: Croft
authors.affiliation: Department of Food Biotechnology and Science, Faculty of Sciences, University of Burgos, Plaza Misael Bañuelos, 09001, Burgos, Spain. pmuniz@ubu.es rdpino@ubu.es drivero@ubu.es marglez@ubu.es pablo_castilla89@hotmail.com.
authors.forename: Pilar
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Muñiz
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000975:Antioxidants / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology; D001786:Blood Glucose; D003921:Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental / Q000503:physiopathology*; D003922:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1 / Q000503:physiopathology*; D000074062:Environmental Biomarkers; D019649:Food Industry; D061307:Human Umbilical Vein Endothelial Cells / Q000187:drug effects; D006801:Humans; D007220:Industrial Waste / Q000032:analysis; D007328:Insulin / Q000097:blood; D015227:Lipid Peroxidation; D008297:Male; D018384:Oxidative Stress / Q000187:drug effects*; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology*; D011506:Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D051381:Rats; D011921:Rats, Inbred WKY; D014920:Wine
chemical_list: D000975:Antioxidants; D001786:Blood Glucose; D000074062:Environmental Biomarkers; D007220:Industrial Waste; D007328:Insulin; D010936:Plant Extracts; D011506:Proteins