title: Extended locoregional use of intercostal artery perforator propeller flaps.
abstract: Besides conventional flaps, intercostal artery perforator flaps have been reported to cover trunk defects. In this report the use of anterior intercostal artery perforator (AICAP) flap, lateral intercostal artery perforator (LICAP) flap and dorsal intercostal artery perforator (DICAP) flap for thoracic, abdominal, cervical, lumbar and sacral defects with larger dimensions and extended indications beyond the reported literature were reevaluated. Thirty-nine patients underwent surgery between August 2012 and August 2014. The age of the patients ranged between 16 and 79 with a mean of 49 years. The distribution of defects were as follows; 12 thoracic, 8 parascapular, 3 cervical, 8 abdominal, 4 sacral and 4 lumbar. AICAP, LICAP and DICAP flaps were used for reconstruction. Fifty-two ICAP flaps were performed on 39 patients. Flap dimensions ranged between 6 × 9 cm and 14 × 35 cm. Twenty-six patients had single flap coverage and 13 patients had double flap coverage. Forty-six flaps have been transferred as propeller flaps and 6 flaps have been transferred as perforator plus flap. Forty flaps (75%) went through transient venous congestion. In one DICAP flap, 30% of flap was lost. No infection, hematoma or seroma were observed in any patient. Follow-up period ranged between 3 and 32 months with a mean of 9 months. The ICAP flaps provide reliable and versatile options in reconstructive surgery and can be used for challenging defects in trunk.
authors.affiliation: Department of Plastic Reconstructive and Aesthetic Surgery, Cerrahpasa Faculty of Medicine, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey.
authors.forename: Semih
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Baghaki
authors.affiliation: Department of Plastic Reconstructive and Aesthetic Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Biruni University, Istanbul, Turkey.
authors.forename: Murat
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Diyarbakirlioglu
authors.affiliation: Department of Plastic Reconstructive and Aesthetic Surgery, Cerrahpasa Faculty of Medicine, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey.
authors.forename: Ugur
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: Sahin
authors.affiliation: Department of Plastic Reconstructive and Aesthetic Surgery, Cerrahpasa Faculty of Medicine, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey.
authors.forename: Muge Anil
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Kucuksucu
authors.affiliation: Department of Thoracic Surgery, Cerrahpasa Faculty of Medicine, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey.
authors.forename: Akif
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Turna
authors.affiliation: Department of General Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Acıbadem University, Istanbul, Turkey.
authors.forename: Bilgi
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Baca
authors.affiliation: Department of Plastic Reconstructive and Aesthetic Surgery, Cerrahpasa Faculty of Medicine, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey.
authors.forename: Yağmur
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Aydın
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D015331:Cohort Studies; D005260:Female; D006084:Graft Rejection; D006085:Graft Survival; D006801:Humans; D007366:Intercostal Muscles / Q000098:blood supply; D008297:Male; D008866:Microsurgery / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000379:methods; D008875:Middle Aged; D061525:Perforator Flap / Q000098:blood supply* / Q000637:transplantation*; D011183:Postoperative Complications / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000503:physiopathology; D011379:Prognosis; D019651:Plastic Surgery Procedures / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000379:methods*; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D018570:Risk Assessment; D013895:Thoracic Arteries / Q000601:surgery / Q000637:transplantation*; D014945:Wound Healing / Q000502:physiology; D055815:Young Adult
keywords: intercostal artery perforator flaps; propeller flaps; trunk reconstruction