title: Extraction of Natural Antioxidants from the Thelephora ganbajun Mushroom by an Ultrasound-Assisted Extraction Technique and Evaluation of Antiproliferative Activity of the Extract against Human Cancer Cells.
abstract: TheThelephora ganbajunmushroom has been found to be a potential rich source of natural antioxidants. In this study, an ultrasound-assisted extraction (UAE) technique together with GRAS (generally recognized as safe) solvents (ethanol and water) was used to maximize the extraction of antioxidants fromThelephora ganbajun. Five extraction parameters (ethanol concentration, solvent to solid ratio, extraction time, temperature and ultrasound power) were investigated by single-factor experiments, and then a central composite rotatable design was employed to study interaction of three key extraction parameters. The optimum conditions were as follows: 57.38% ethanol, 70.15 mL/g solvent to solid ratio, 10.58 min extraction time, 40 °C extraction temperature and 500 W ultrasound power. Under the optimum conditions, the antioxidant activity obtained was 346.98 ± 12.19 µmol Trolox/g DW, in accordance with the predicted value of 344.67 µmol Trolox/g DW. Comparison of UAE with conventional maceration and Soxhlet extraction, the UAE method showed stronger extract efficiency in a shorter extraction time. These results showed that UAE was an effective technique to extract antioxidants fromThelephora ganbajun. Furthermore, the extracts obtained under the optimized conditions exhibited antiproliferative activities toward human lung (A549), breast (MCF-7), liver (HepG2) and colon (HT-29) cancer cells, especially for liver and lung cancer cells. In addition, rutin, 2-hydrocinnamic acid and epicatechin were identified in the extract, which might contribute to antioxidant and antiproliferative activities.
authors.affiliation: Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food, Nutrition and Health, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China. xudp@mail2.sysu.edu.cn.
authors.forename: Dong-Ping
authors.initials: DP
authors.lastname: Xu
authors.affiliation: Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food, Nutrition and Health, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China. zhengj37@mail2.sysu.edu.cn.
authors.forename: Jie
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Zheng
authors.affiliation: Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food, Nutrition and Health, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China. zhouyue3@mail2.sysu.edu.cn.
authors.forename: Yue
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Zhou
authors.affiliation: Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food, Nutrition and Health, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China. liya28@mail2.sysu.edu.cn.
authors.forename: Ya
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: School of Chinese Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong 999077, China. u3003781@connect.hku.hk.
authors.forename: Sha
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food, Nutrition and Health, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China. lihuabin@mail.sysu.edu.cn.|South China Sea Bioresource Exploitation and Utilization Collaborative Innovation Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510006, China. lihuabin@mail.sysu.edu.cn.
authors.forename: Hua-Bin
authors.initials: HB
authors.lastname: Li
mesh_terms: D000363:Agaricales / Q000737:chemistry / Q000302:isolation & purification* / Q000378:metabolism; D000975:Antioxidants / Q000737:chemistry / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000494:pharmacology; D049109:Cell Proliferation / Q000187:drug effects; D000431:Ethanol / Q000737:chemistry; D019073:HT29 Cells; D056945:Hep G2 Cells; D006801:Humans; D061986:MCF-7 Cells; D010636:Phenols / Q000737:chemistry / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000494:pharmacology; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000737:chemistry / Q000302:isolation & purification* / Q000494:pharmacology*; D052616:Solid Phase Extraction; D012997:Solvents / Q000737:chemistry; D013010:Sonication; D013696:Temperature
chemical_list: D000975:Antioxidants; D010636:Phenols; D010936:Plant Extracts; D012997:Solvents; D000431:Ethanol
keywords: Thelephora ganbajun; antioxidant; antiproliferative activity; mushroom; response surface methodology; ultrasound-assisted extraction