title: Current Challenges toward In Vitro Cellular Validation of Inorganic Nanoparticles.
abstract: An impressive development has been achieved toward the production of well-defined "smart" inorganic nanoparticles, in which the physicochemical properties can be controlled and predicted to a high degree of accuracy. Nanoparticle design is indeed highly advanced, multimodal and multitargeting being the norm, yet we do not fully understand the obstacles that nanoparticles face when used in vivo. Increased cooperation between chemists and biochemists, immunologists and physicists, has allowed us to think outside the box, and we are slowly starting to understand the interactions that nanoparticles undergo under more realistic situations. Importantly, such an understanding involves awareness about the limitations when assessing the influence of such inorganic nanoparticles on biological entities and vice versa, as well as the development of new validation strategies.
authors.affiliation: CIC biomaGUNE , Paseo de Miramón 182, 20014 Donostia - San Sebastián, Spain.|CIBER de Bioingenierı́a, Biomateriales y Nanomedicina (CIBER-BBN) , 2014 Donostia - San Sebastián, Spain.
authors.forename: Malou
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Henriksen-Lacey
authors.affiliation: CIC biomaGUNE , Paseo de Miramón 182, 20014 Donostia - San Sebastián, Spain.
authors.forename: Susana
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Carregal-Romero
authors.affiliation: CIC biomaGUNE , Paseo de Miramón 182, 20014 Donostia - San Sebastián, Spain.|CIBER de Bioingenierı́a, Biomateriales y Nanomedicina (CIBER-BBN) , 2014 Donostia - San Sebastián, Spain.|Ikerbasque, Basque Foundation for Science , 48013 Bilbao, Spain.
authors.forename: Luis M
authors.initials: LM
authors.lastname: Liz-Marzán
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D018920:Coculture Techniques; D003198:Computer Simulation; D006801:Humans; D007287:Inorganic Chemicals / Q000737:chemistry*; D044085:Microfluidics; D053758:Nanoparticles / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000633:toxicity
chemical_list: D007287:Inorganic Chemicals