title: Determination of ABO blood grouping and Rhesus factor from tooth material.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The aim of the study was to determine blood groups and Rhesus factor from dentin and pulp using absorption-elution (AE) technique in different time periods at 0, 3, 6, 9 and 12 months, respectively.
  
  
  METHODS
  A total of 150 cases, 30 patients each at 0, 3, 6, 9 and 12 months were included in the study. The samples consisted of males and females with age ranging 13-60 years. Patient's blood group was checked and was considered as "control." The dentin and pulp of extracted teeth were tested for the presence of ABO/Rh antigen, at respective time periods by AE technique.
  
  
  METHODS
  Data were analyzed in proportion. For comparison, Chi-square test or Fisher's exact test was used for the small sample.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Blood group antigens of ABO and Rh factor were detected in dentin and pulp up to 12 months. For both ABO and Rh factor, dentin and pulp showed 100% sensitivity for the samples tested at 0 month and showed a gradual decrease in the sensitivity as time period increased. The sensitivity of pulp was better than dentin for both the blood grouping systems and ABO blood group antigens were better detected than Rh antigens.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In dentin and pulp, the antigens of ABO and Rh factor were detected up to 12 months but showed a progressive decrease in the antigenicity as the time period increased. When compared the results obtained of dentin and pulp in ABO and Rh factor grouping showed similar results with no statistical significance. The sensitivity of ABO blood grouping was better than Rh factor blood grouping and showed a statistically significant result.
authors.affiliation: Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology, MIDSR Dental College and Hospital, Latur, Maharashtra, India.
authors.forename: Pooja Vijay
authors.initials: PV
authors.lastname: Kumar
authors.affiliation: Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology, Navodaya Dental College, Raichur, Karntataka, India.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Vanishree
authors.affiliation: Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology, Navodaya Dental College, Raichur, Karntataka, India.
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Anila
authors.affiliation: Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology, Navodaya Dental College, Raichur, Karntataka, India.
authors.forename: Santosh
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Hunasgi
authors.affiliation: Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology, Navodaya Dental College, Raichur, Karntataka, India.
authors.forename: Sri Sujan
authors.initials: SS
authors.lastname: Suryadevra
authors.affiliation: Department of Dentistry, Belgavi Institute of Dental Sciences, Belgavi, Karntataka, India.
authors.forename: Swetha
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Kardalkar
keywords: Absorption elution technique; blood grouping; dentine; forensic odontology; pulp