title: Genetic and Genomic Response to Selection for Food Consumption in Drosophila melanogaster.
abstract: Food consumption is an essential component of animal fitness; however, excessive food intake in humans increases risk for many diseases. The roles of neuroendocrine feedback loops, food sensing modalities, and physiological state in regulating food intake are well understood, but not the genetic basis underlying variation in food consumption. Here, we applied ten generations of artificial selection for high and low food consumption in replicate populations of Drosophila melanogaster. The phenotypic response to selection was highly asymmetric, with significant responses only for increased food consumption and minimal correlated responses in body mass and composition. We assessed the molecular correlates of selection responses by DNA and RNA sequencing of the selection lines. The high and low selection lines had variants with significantly divergent allele frequencies within or near 2081 genes and 3526 differentially expressed genes in one or both sexes. A total of 519 genes were both genetically divergent and differentially expressed between the divergent selection lines. We performed functional analyses of the effects of RNAi suppression of gene expression and induced mutations for 27 of these candidate genes that have human orthologs and the strongest statistical support, and confirmed that 25 (93 %) affected the mean and/or variance of food consumption.
authors.affiliation: Program in Genetics, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, 27695-7614, USA.|Department of Biological Sciences, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, 27695-7614, USA.|W. M. Keck Center for Behavioral Biology, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, 27695-7614, USA.
authors.forename: Megan E
authors.initials: ME
authors.lastname: Garlapow
authors.affiliation: Program in Genetics, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, 27695-7614, USA.|Department of Biological Sciences, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, 27695-7614, USA.|W. M. Keck Center for Behavioral Biology, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, 27695-7614, USA.|Initiative for Biological Complexity, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, 27695-7614, USA.
authors.forename: Logan J
authors.initials: LJ
authors.lastname: Everett
authors.affiliation: Program in Genetics, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, 27695-7614, USA.|Department of Biological Sciences, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, 27695-7614, USA.|W. M. Keck Center for Behavioral Biology, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, 27695-7614, USA.|Initiative for Biological Complexity, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, 27695-7614, USA.
authors.forename: Shanshan
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Zhou
authors.affiliation: Department of Biological Sciences, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, 27695-7614, USA.|W. M. Keck Center for Behavioral Biology, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, 27695-7614, USA.
authors.forename: Alexander W
authors.initials: AW
authors.lastname: Gearhart
authors.affiliation: Department of Biological Sciences, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, 27695-7614, USA.|W. M. Keck Center for Behavioral Biology, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, 27695-7614, USA.
authors.forename: Kairsten A
authors.initials: KA
authors.lastname: Fay
authors.affiliation: Program in Genetics, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, 27695-7614, USA.|Department of Biological Sciences, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, 27695-7614, USA.|W. M. Keck Center for Behavioral Biology, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, 27695-7614, USA.|Initiative for Biological Complexity, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, 27695-7614, USA.
authors.forename: Wen
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Huang
authors.affiliation: Department of Biological Sciences, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, 27695-7614, USA.|W. M. Keck Center for Behavioral Biology, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, 27695-7614, USA.
authors.forename: Tatiana V
authors.initials: TV
authors.lastname: Morozova
authors.affiliation: Department of Biological Sciences, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, 27695-7614, USA.|W. M. Keck Center for Behavioral Biology, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, 27695-7614, USA.
authors.forename: Gunjan H
authors.initials: GH
authors.lastname: Arya
authors.affiliation: Department of Biological Sciences, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, 27695-7614, USA.|W. M. Keck Center for Behavioral Biology, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, 27695-7614, USA.
authors.forename: Lavanya
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Turlapati
authors.affiliation: Department of Biological Sciences, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, 27695-7614, USA.|W. M. Keck Center for Behavioral Biology, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, 27695-7614, USA.
authors.forename: Genevieve
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: St Armour
authors.affiliation: Department of Biological Sciences, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, 27695-7614, USA.|W. M. Keck Center for Behavioral Biology, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, 27695-7614, USA.
authors.forename: Yasmeen N
authors.initials: YN
authors.lastname: Hussain
authors.affiliation: Department of Biological Sciences, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, 27695-7614, USA.|W. M. Keck Center for Behavioral Biology, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, 27695-7614, USA.
authors.forename: Sarah E
authors.initials: SE
authors.lastname: McAdams
authors.affiliation: Department of Biological Sciences, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, 27695-7614, USA.|W. M. Keck Center for Behavioral Biology, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, 27695-7614, USA.|School of Biosciences and Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Surrey, Guildford, UK.
authors.forename: Sophia
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Fochler
authors.affiliation: Program in Genetics, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, 27695-7614, USA. trudy_mackay@ncsu.edu.|Department of Biological Sciences, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, 27695-7614, USA. trudy_mackay@ncsu.edu.|W. M. Keck Center for Behavioral Biology, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, 27695-7614, USA. trudy_mackay@ncsu.edu.|Initiative for Biological Complexity, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, 27695-7614, USA. trudy_mackay@ncsu.edu.
authors.forename: Trudy F C
authors.initials: TF
authors.lastname: Mackay
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D029721:Drosophila Proteins; D004331:Drosophila melanogaster / Q000235:genetics* / Q000502:physiology; D005247:Feeding Behavior / Q000502:physiology* / Q000523:psychology; D005260:Female; D005502:Food; D005787:Gene Frequency; D017344:Genes, Insect; D014644:Genetic Variation; D023281:Genomics; D008297:Male; D010641:Phenotype; D034622:RNA Interference; D012641:Selection, Genetic
chemical_list: D029721:Drosophila Proteins
keywords: CAFE assay; DNA-seq; Feeding behavior; RNA-seq; Realized heritability