title: 'Compromise position' image alignment to accommodate independent motion of multiple clinical target volumes during radiotherapy: A high risk prostate cancer example.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Inclusion of multiple independently moving clinical target volumes (CTVs) in the irradiated volume causes an image guidance conundrum. The purpose of this research was to use high risk prostate cancer as a clinical example to evaluate a 'compromise' image alignment strategy.
  
  
  METHODS
  The daily pre-treatment orthogonal EPI for 14 consecutive patients were included in this analysis. Image matching was performed by aligning to the prostate only, the bony pelvis only and using the 'compromise' strategy. Residual CTV surrogate displacements were quantified for each of the alignment strategies.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Analysis of the 388 daily fractions indicated surrogate displacements were well-correlated in all directions (r2= 0.95 (LR), 0.67 (AP) and 0.59 (SI). Differences between the surrogates displacements (95% range) were -0.4 to 1.8 mm (LR), -1.2 to 5.2 mm (SI) and -1.2 to 5.2 mm (AP). The distribution of the residual displacements was significantly smaller using the 'compromise' strategy, compared to the other strategies (p 0.005). The 'compromise' strategy ensured the CTV was encompassed by the PTV in all fractions, compared to 47 PTV violations when aligned to prostate only.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This study demonstrated the feasibility of a compromise position image guidance strategy to accommodate simultaneous displacements of two independently moving CTVs. Application of this strategy was facilitated by correlation between the CTV displacements and resulted in no geometric excursions of the CTVs beyond standard sized PTVs. This simple image guidance strategy may also be applicable to other disease sites that concurrently irradiate multiple CTVs, such as head and neck, lung and cervix cancer.
authors.affiliation: Radiation Medicine Program, Princess Margaret Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.|Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
authors.forename: Tara
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Rosewall
authors.affiliation: Radiation Medicine Program, Princess Margaret Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
authors.forename: Jing
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Yan
authors.affiliation: Radiation Medicine Program, Princess Margaret Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.|Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
authors.forename: Hamideh
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Alasti
authors.affiliation: Radiation Medicine Program, Princess Margaret Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
authors.forename: Carla
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Cerase
authors.affiliation: Radiation Medicine Program, Princess Margaret Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.|Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
authors.forename: Andrew
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Bayley
mesh_terms: D019583:Dose Fractionation, Radiation; D006801:Humans; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging; D008297:Male; D056888:Patient Positioning / Q000379:methods*; D011446:Prospective Studies; D011471:Prostatic Neoplasms / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000532:radiotherapy*; D011879:Radiotherapy Dosage; D011880:Radiotherapy Planning, Computer-Assisted / Q000379:methods*; D014057:Tomography, X-Ray Computed; D018084:Ultrasonography, Interventional
keywords: image-guided; lymph nodes; pelvis; prostatic neoplasms; radiotherapy