title: Neuroprotective Effect of Hydroxytyrosol in Experimental Diabetes Mellitus.
abstract: The aim of the study was to analyze the possible neuroprotective effect of hydroxytyrosol (HT) in diabetic animals in a model of hypoxia-reoxygenation. Rats (10 animals/group) were distributed in five groups: nondiabetic rats, control diabetic rats (DR), and DR rats treated for 2 months with 1, 5, or 10 mg/kg/day po HT. At the end of follow-up, an experimental model of hypoxia-reoxygenation in brain slices was tested. The DR group showed increased cell death, oxidative and nitrosative stress, and an increase in brain inflammatory mediators. These alterations were significantly greater in DR than in normoglycemic animals. HT significantly reduced oxidative (38.5-52.4% lipid peroxidation) and nitrosative stress (48.0-51.0% nitric oxide and 43.9-75.2% peroxynitrite concentration) and brain inflammatory mediators (18.6-40.6% prostaglandin E2and 17.0-65.0% interleukin 1β concentration). Cell death was reduced by 25.9, 37.5, and 41.0% after the administration of 1, 5, or 10 mg/kg/day. The administration of HT in rats with experimental diabetes thus had a neuroprotective effect.
authors.affiliation: Departmento de Farmacologı́a, Facultad de Medicina, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica (IBIMA), Universidad de Málaga , Campus de Teatinos s/n, 29071Málaga, Spain.
authors.forename: José Julio
authors.initials: JJ
authors.lastname: Reyes
authors.affiliation: Universidad Metropolitana de Puerto Rico (UMET) , San Juan PR 00926-2602, Puerto Rico.
authors.forename: Beatriz
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Villanueva
authors.affiliation: Departmento de Farmacologı́a, Facultad de Medicina, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica (IBIMA), Universidad de Málaga , Campus de Teatinos s/n, 29071Málaga, Spain.
authors.forename: Juan Antonio
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: López-Villodres
authors.affiliation: Departmento de Farmacologı́a, Facultad de Medicina, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica (IBIMA), Universidad de Málaga , Campus de Teatinos s/n, 29071Málaga, Spain.
authors.forename: José Pedro
authors.initials: JP
authors.lastname: De La Cruz
authors.affiliation: Departmento de Farmacologı́a, Facultad de Medicina, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica (IBIMA), Universidad de Málaga , Campus de Teatinos s/n, 29071Málaga, Spain.
authors.forename: Lidia
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Romero
authors.affiliation: Departmento de Farmacologı́a, Facultad de Medicina, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica (IBIMA), Universidad de Málaga , Campus de Teatinos s/n, 29071Málaga, Spain.
authors.forename: María Dolores
authors.initials: MD
authors.lastname: Rodríguez-Pérez
authors.affiliation: Instituto de la Grasa, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Cientı́ficas (CSIC) , Campus Universitario Pablo de Olavide, Ctra. Utrera Km 1, Edificio 46, 41013 Seville, Spain.
authors.forename: Guillermo
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Rodriguez-Gutierrez
authors.affiliation: Instituto de la Grasa, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Cientı́ficas (CSIC) , Campus Universitario Pablo de Olavide, Ctra. Utrera Km 1, Edificio 46, 41013 Seville, Spain.
authors.forename: Juan
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Fernández-Bolaños
authors.affiliation: Departmento de Farmacologı́a, Facultad de Medicina, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica (IBIMA), Universidad de Málaga , Campus de Teatinos s/n, 29071Málaga, Spain.
authors.forename: José Antonio
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: González-Correa
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001921:Brain / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D003921:Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D018696:Neuroprotective Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D018384:Oxidative Stress / Q000187:drug effects; D010626:Phenylethyl Alcohol / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000031:analogs & derivatives*; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar
chemical_list: D018696:Neuroprotective Agents; C005975:3,4-dihydroxyphenylethanol; D010626:Phenylethyl Alcohol
keywords: diabetes mellitus; hydroxytyrosol; inflammatory mediators; neuroprotection; oxidative stress