title: Economic screening of renewable energy technologies: Incineration, anaerobic digestion, and biodiesel as applied to waste water scum.
abstract: In the U.S., the total amount of municipal solid waste is continuously rising each year. Millions of tons of solid waste and scum are produced annually that require safe and environmentally sound disposal. The availability of a zero-cost energy source like municipal waste scum is ideal for several types of renewable energy technologies. However, the way the energy is produced, distributed and valued also contributes to the overall process sustainability. An economic screening method was developed to compare the potential energy and economic value of three waste-to-energy technologies; incineration, anaerobic digestion, and biodiesel. A St. Paul, MN wastewater treatment facility producing 3175 "wet" kilograms of scum per day was used as a basis of the comparison. After applying all theoretically available subsidies, scum to biodiesel was shown to have the greatest economic potential, valued between $491,949 and $610,624/year. The incineration of scum yielded the greatest reclaimed energy potential at 29billion kilojoules/year.
authors.affiliation: Department of Bioproducts and Biosystems Engineering, and Center for Biorefining, University of Minnesota, 1390 Eckles Avenue, St. Paul, MN 55108, USA.
authors.forename: Erik
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Anderson
authors.affiliation: Department of Bioproducts and Biosystems Engineering, and Center for Biorefining, University of Minnesota, 1390 Eckles Avenue, St. Paul, MN 55108, USA.
authors.forename: Min
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Addy
authors.affiliation: Department of Bioproducts and Biosystems Engineering, and Center for Biorefining, University of Minnesota, 1390 Eckles Avenue, St. Paul, MN 55108, USA.
authors.forename: Huan
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Ma
authors.affiliation: Department of Bioproducts and Biosystems Engineering, and Center for Biorefining, University of Minnesota, 1390 Eckles Avenue, St. Paul, MN 55108, USA.
authors.forename: Paul
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.affiliation: Department of Bioproducts and Biosystems Engineering, and Center for Biorefining, University of Minnesota, 1390 Eckles Avenue, St. Paul, MN 55108, USA. Electronic address: ruanx001@umn.edu.
authors.forename: Roger
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Ruan
mesh_terms: D056804:Biofuels / Q000032:analysis / Q000191:economics*; D004736:Energy-Generating Resources / Q000191:economics*; D017745:Incineration / Q000191:economics* / Q000379:methods; D062611:Solid Waste / Q000032:analysis / Q000191:economics*; D062065:Wastewater / Q000191:economics* / Q000382:microbiology
chemical_list: D056804:Biofuels; D062611:Solid Waste; D062065:Wastewater
keywords: Anaerobic digestion; Biodiesel; Economics; Incineration; Scum; Wastewater treatment