title: Spontaneous Bacterial Peritonitis and Anasarca in a Female Patient with Ovarian Hyperstimulation Syndrome Complicated by Respiratory and Kidney Failure.
abstract: Ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome (OHSS) was first described in 1960. It may occur as a complication of gonadotropin hormone therapy during assisted pregnancy or for primary infertility. A 26-year-old female patient with polycystic ovarian syndrome and primary infertility was treated to conceive. She received intravenous gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) along with follicle-stimulating hormone in an outside private clinic. She presented to the emergency department with abdominal and chest pain, loose stool, vomiting, shortness of breath and decreasing urine output. She was found to have edema, ascites, effusion and acute kidney injury (AKI). Considering the symptoms preceding the drug history and anasarca, a diagnosis of severe OHSS was made. Ascites was further complicated by spontaneous bacterial peritonitis (SBP), which had already been reported before. We speculate that low immunity due to decreased immunoglobulin in patients with OHSS makes them prone to SBP. In our case, septicemia secondary to SBP and fluid loss due to capillary leakage from OHSS resulted in AKI and respiratory failure. This critically ill patient was treated in a special care unit, and she fully recovered with supportive measures. Severe OHSS may present as anasarca including ascites which can develop SBP leading to sepsis and multiorgan failure.
authors.affiliation: Section of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Aga Khan University Hospital, Karachi, Pakistan.
authors.forename: Muhammad Abdul Mabood
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Khalil
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine, Aga Khan University Hospital, Karachi, Pakistan.
authors.forename: Muhammad Salman
authors.initials: MS
authors.lastname: Ghazni
authors.affiliation: Department of Nephrology, RIPAS Hospital, Bandar Seri Begawan, Brunei.
authors.forename: Jackson
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Tan
authors.affiliation: Section of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Aga Khan University Hospital, Karachi, Pakistan.
authors.forename: Nazish
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Naseer
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine, Khyber Teaching Hospital, Peshawar, Pakistan.
authors.forename: Muhammad Ashhad Ullah
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Khalil
keywords: Acute kidney injury; Ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome; Spontaneous bacterial peritonitis