title: Application of Virtual, Augmented, and Mixed Reality to Urology.
abstract: Recent developments in virtual, augmented, and mixed reality have introduced a considerable number of new devices into the consumer market. This momentum is also affecting the medical and health care sector. Although many of the theoretical and practical foundations of virtual reality (VR) were already researched and experienced in the 1980s, the vastly improved features of displays, sensors, interactivity, and computing power currently available in devices offer a new field of applications to the medical sector and also to urology in particular. The purpose of this review article is to review the extent to which VR technology has already influenced certain aspects of medicine, the applications that are currently in use in urology, and the future development trends that could be expected.
authors.affiliation: Department of Computer Science, Gachon University, Seongnam, Korea.
authors.forename: Alaric
authors.identifier: 0000-0002-9567-5574
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Hamacher
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea.
authors.forename: Su Jin
authors.identifier: 0000-0002-1917-2780
authors.initials: SJ
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, Hallym University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.
authors.forename: Sung Tae
authors.identifier: 0000-0002-4691-6159
authors.initials: ST
authors.lastname: Cho
authors.affiliation: Graduate School of Information Contents, Kwangwoon University, Seoul, Korea.
authors.forename: Sunil
authors.identifier: 0000-0003-1278-5098
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Pardeshi
authors.affiliation: Graduate School of Information Contents, Kwangwoon University, Seoul, Korea.
authors.forename: Seung Hyun
authors.identifier: 0000-0002-4113-5118
authors.initials: SH
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.affiliation: Department of Computer Science, Gachon University, Seongnam, Korea.
authors.forename: Sung-Jong
authors.identifier: 0000-0003-3063-0452
authors.initials: SJ
authors.lastname: Eun
authors.affiliation: Department of Computer Science, Gachon University, Seongnam, Korea.
authors.forename: Taeg Keun
authors.identifier: 0000-0003-1409-0580
authors.initials: TK
authors.lastname: Whangbo
keywords: Augmented Virtual Reality; Biofeedback; Mixed Reality; Telementoring; Telesurgery; Urology