title: Durability assessment to environmental impact of nano-structured consolidants on Carrara marble by field exposure tests.
abstract: The EU policy of reducing the emissions of combustion generated pollutants entails climate induced deterioration to become more important. Moreover, products applied to preserve outdoor built heritage and their preliminary performance tests often turn out to be improper. In such context, the paper reports the outcomes of the methodology adopted to assess the durability and efficiency of nano-based consolidating products utilized for the conservation of carbonate artworks, performing field exposure tests on Carrara marble model samples in different sites in the framework of the EC Project NANOMATCH. Surface properties and cohesion, extent and penetration of the conservative products and their interactions with marble substrates and environmental conditions are here examined after outdoor exposure for eleven months in four different European cities and compared with the features of undamaged and of untreated damaged specimens undergoing the same exposure settings.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Atmospheric Sciences and Climate, National Research Council (ISAC-CNR), Bologna, Italy. Electronic address: a.bonazza@isac.cnr.it.
authors.forename: Alessandra
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Bonazza
authors.affiliation: Institute of Atmospheric Sciences and Climate, National Research Council (ISAC-CNR), Bologna, Italy.
authors.forename: Giorgia
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Vidorni
authors.affiliation: Institute of Atmospheric Sciences and Climate, National Research Council (ISAC-CNR), Bologna, Italy.
authors.forename: Irene
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Natali
authors.affiliation: Institute of Atmospheric Sciences and Climate, National Research Council (ISAC-CNR), Bologna, Italy.
authors.forename: Chiara
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Ciantelli
authors.affiliation: Department of Materials and Environmental Engineering and Physics, Università Politecnica delle Marche, via Brecce Biance, 60131 Ancona, Italy.
authors.forename: Chiara
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Giosuè
authors.affiliation: Institute of Atmospheric Sciences and Climate, National Research Council (ISAC-CNR), Bologna, Italy; Department of Materials and Environmental Engineering and Physics, Università Politecnica delle Marche, via Brecce Biance, 60131 Ancona, Italy.
authors.forename: Francesca
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Tittarelli
keywords: Climate change; Cultural heritage; Durability; Metal alkoxide; Stone conservation