title: Factors Affecting Behavior of Phenolic Endocrine Disruptors, Estrone and Estradiol, in Constructed Wetlands for Domestic Sewage Treatment.
abstract: This study investigated the efficiency of 12 pilot-scale constructed wetlands (CWs) with different configurations on the removal of estrone and estradiol from raw domestic sewage. An orthogonal design was employed to evaluate the impact of four principal design parameters of CWs, including four wetland types, three substrates, three plant conditions, and three hydraulic loading rates, in summer and winter. A bench-scale anoxic simulation test was performed in the laboratory to clarify the photolysis, sorption, and degradation of estrogens. Estrogens were more effectively removed by the 12 CWs during summer. The experiment showed that target estrogens were efficiently removed by wetland substrate under anoxic conditions through exothermic sorption and degradation even in winter. This suggests that the inefficient removal in CWs in winter likely resulted from subsequent cleavage of a considerable amount of estrogen conjugates in influent due to insufficient decomposition at low temperatures. The transformation from estradiol to estrone could be driven by residual microbial activities not inhibited by azide, and the reversible process was then driven by active microorganisms but not solely abiotic redox reactions. Among the four design parameters, wetland-type was the most important and downward-vertical flow CWs performed best.
authors.affiliation: Research Center of Hydrobiology, Jinan University , Guangzhou 510632, China.
authors.forename: Yu-Nv
authors.initials: YN
authors.lastname: Dai
authors.affiliation: Research Center of Hydrobiology, Jinan University , Guangzhou 510632, China.
authors.forename: Dan
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: A
authors.affiliation: Research Center of Hydrobiology, Jinan University , Guangzhou 510632, China.|Engineering Research Center of Tropical and Subtropical Aquatic Ecological Engineering, Ministry of Education, Guangzhou 510632, China.
authors.forename: Yang
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.affiliation: Department of Biology and Chemistry, City University of Hong Kong , Tat Chee Avenue, Kowloon, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region.
authors.forename: Nora Fung-Yee
authors.initials: NF
authors.lastname: Tam
authors.affiliation: Research Center of Hydrobiology, Jinan University , Guangzhou 510632, China.
authors.forename: Yi-Ping
authors.initials: YP
authors.lastname: Tai
authors.affiliation: Research Center of Hydrobiology, Jinan University , Guangzhou 510632, China.
authors.forename: Xiao-Yan
authors.initials: XY
authors.lastname: Tang
mesh_terms: D052244:Endocrine Disruptors; D004958:Estradiol; D004970:Estrone; D012722:Sewage / Q000737:chemistry; D014865:Waste Disposal, Fluid; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical; D053833:Wetlands
chemical_list: D052244:Endocrine Disruptors; D012722:Sewage; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical; D004970:Estrone; D004958:Estradiol