title: Gastrointestinal microbiome and breast cancer: correlations, mechanisms and potential clinical implications.
abstract: Gastrointestinal microbiome plays as a symbiont which provides protection effect against invading pathogens, aids in the immune system development, nutrient reclamation and absorption as well as molecule breakdown. And it may avert carcinogenesis through these biological activities. By now, studies have been carried out to elaborate the association between gastrointestinal microbiome and breast cancer. It has been implicated that breast cancer was substantially associated with estrogen-dependent and estrogen-independent functions of gastrointestinal microbiome. Evidence from animal experiments also confirmed mammary tumor-related changes in microbial community. The possible mechanisms involve estrogen metabolism, immune regulation, obese status and so forth. Based on the current evidence, cues on future management strategies of breast cancer such as antibiotics and dietary interventions are proposed. In conclusion, large-scale clinical studies and bench-based researches are needed to validate the associations and elaborate the mechanisms, so as to reduce the risk of breast cancer and improve the outcomes of those already diagnosed.
authors.affiliation: Department of Breast Surgery, West China Hospital/West China School of Medicine, Sichuan University, Guoxuexiang 37, Chengdu, 610041, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Jiqiao
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.affiliation: Department of Breast Surgery, West China Hospital/West China School of Medicine, Sichuan University, Guoxuexiang 37, Chengdu, 610041, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Qiuwen
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Tan
authors.affiliation: West China Hospital/West China School of Medicine, Sichuan University, Guoxuexiang 37, Chengdu, 610041, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Qingyu
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Fu
authors.affiliation: West China Hospital/West China School of Medicine, Sichuan University, Guoxuexiang 37, Chengdu, 610041, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Yaojie
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Zhou
authors.affiliation: West China Hospital/West China School of Medicine, Sichuan University, Guoxuexiang 37, Chengdu, 610041, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Yuanyuan
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Hu
authors.affiliation: Department of Breast Surgery, West China Hospital/West China School of Medicine, Sichuan University, Guoxuexiang 37, Chengdu, 610041, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Shenli
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Tang
authors.affiliation: Department of Breast Surgery, West China Hospital/West China School of Medicine, Sichuan University, Guoxuexiang 37, Chengdu, 610041, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Yuting
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Zhou
authors.affiliation: Department of Breast Surgery, West China Hospital/West China School of Medicine, Sichuan University, Guoxuexiang 37, Chengdu, 610041, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Junhui
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: Department of Breast Surgery, West China Hospital/West China School of Medicine, Sichuan University, Guoxuexiang 37, Chengdu, 610041, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Juanjuan
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Qiu
authors.affiliation: Department of Breast Surgery, West China Hospital/West China School of Medicine, Sichuan University, Guoxuexiang 37, Chengdu, 610041, People's Republic of China. lvqingwestchina@163.com.
authors.forename: Qing
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Lv
mesh_terms: D015107:4-Butyrolactone / Q000031:analogs & derivatives / Q000494:pharmacology; D000818:Animals; D001943:Breast Neoplasms / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism / Q000382:microbiology*; D004032:Diet; D004967:Estrogens / Q000378:metabolism; D005260:Female; D000069196:Gastrointestinal Microbiome / Q000276:immunology / Q000502:physiology*; D006801:Humans; D017705:Lignans / Q000494:pharmacology; D009765:Obesity / Q000150:complications / Q000382:microbiology
chemical_list: D004967:Estrogens; D017705:Lignans; D015107:4-Butyrolactone; C029497:2,3-bis(3'-hydroxybenzyl)butyrolactone
keywords: Breast cancer; Clinical prospect; Diet; Estrogens; Gastrointestinal microbiome