title: Activation of UPR Signaling Pathway is Associated With the Malignant Progression and Poor Prognosis in Prostate Cancer.
abstract: Currently, the role of UPR signaling in prostate cancer (PCa) is unclear. To evaluate the relationship between UPR signaling pathway and the prognosis of PCa, we explored the expression of IRE1, PERK, and ATF6 in tissues.
  
  
  
  A total of 160 PCa and 30 benign prostate hyperplasia (BPH) tissues were collected. The expression of UPR signaling factors was assessed by immunohistochemistry. The staining characteristics were identified and evaluated for associations with clinicopathologic parameters, PSA recurrence survival, and prostate cancer-specific morality.
  
  
  
  The expressions of ATF6α, PERK, and IRE1α were significantly associated with Gleason grade, PSA level, T stages and M stage, while this association was not significant in N stage. Additionally, UPR signaling factors expressed correlatively with each other. In further studies, high expression level of UPR signaling factors was usually detected in patients who suffered poor prognosis. Patients with positive UPR signaling factors meet shorter survival duration both on cancer-specific morality and PSA recurrence. Multivariate analysis showed that IRE1α (HR = 4.461 95%CI = 1.270-15.670 P = 0.020) could be a potential factor in predicting PSA recurrence independently.
  
  
  
  UPR signaling factors were co-activated and activation of UPR signaling was implicated to the malignant progression and worse prognosis of PCa. The mechanism and function of UPR signaling in PCa are still to be determined. Prostate 77:274-281, 2017. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China.
authors.forename: Junnan
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China.
authors.forename: Maolin
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Xiao
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China.
authors.forename: Jianjun
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China.
authors.forename: Delin
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China.
authors.forename: Yunfeng
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: He
authors.affiliation: Gastroenterology and Neurology Center, University-Town Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China.
authors.forename: Jiang
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: He
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China.
authors.forename: Fei
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Gao
authors.affiliation: College of Life Science, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China.
authors.forename: Li
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Mai
authors.affiliation: College of Life Science, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China.
authors.forename: Ying
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, The Zigong NO.4 People's Hospital, Zigong, China.
authors.forename: Yong
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Liang
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, The Zigong NO.1 People's Hospital, Zigong, China.
authors.forename: Yuejiang
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.affiliation: Department of Health Statistics and Information Management, School of Public Health and Management, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China.
authors.forename: Xiaoni
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Zhong
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D015331:Cohort Studies; D018450:Disease Progression; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011379:Prognosis; D011470:Prostatic Hyperplasia / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology; D011471:Prostatic Neoplasms / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D015398:Signal Transduction / Q000502:physiology*; D056811:Unfolded Protein Response / Q000502:physiology*
keywords: ATF6; IRE1; PERK; UPR signaling; prostate cancer