title: The generalizability of NCI-sponsored clinical trials accrual among women with gynecologic malignancies.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Enrollment of a representative population to cancer clinical trials ensures scientific reliability and generalizability of results. This study evaluated the similarity of patients enrolled in NCI-supported group gynecologic cancer trials to the incident US population.
  
  
  METHODS
  Accrual to NCI-sponsored ovarian, uterine, and cervical cancer treatment trials between 2003 and 2012 were examined. Race, ethnicity, age, and insurance status were compared to the analogous US patient population estimated using adjusted SEER incidence data.
  
  
  RESULTS
  There were 18,913 accruals to 156 NCI-sponsored gynecologic cancer treatment trials, ovarian (56%), uterine (32%), and cervical cancers (12%). Ovarian cancer trials included the least racial, ethnic and age diversity. Black women were notably underrepresented in ovarian trials (4% versus 11%). Hispanic patients were underrepresented in ovarian and uterine trials (4% and 5% versus 18% and 19%, respectively), but not in cervical cancer trials (14 versus 11%). Elderly patients were underrepresented in each disease area, with the greatest underrepresentation seen in ovarian cancer patients over the age of 75 (7% versus 29%). Privately insured women were overrepresented among accrued ovarian cancer patients (87% versus 76%), and the uninsured were overrepresented among women with uterine or cervical cancers. These patterns did not change over time.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Several notable differences were observed between the patients accrued to NCI funded trials and the incident population. Improving representation of racial and ethnic minorities and elderly patients on cancer clinical trials continues to be a challenge and priority.
authors.affiliation: Division of Cancer Treatment and Diagnosis, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, United States.
authors.forename: Grace
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Mishkin
authors.affiliation: Division of Cancer Prevention, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, United States.
authors.forename: Lori M
authors.initials: LM
authors.lastname: Minasian
authors.affiliation: Division of Cancer Treatment and Diagnosis, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, United States.
authors.forename: Elise C
authors.initials: EC
authors.lastname: Kohn
authors.affiliation: Division of Cancer Control and Population Sciences, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, United States.
authors.forename: Anne-Michelle
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Noone
authors.affiliation: Division of Cancer Prevention, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, United States. Electronic address: temkinsm@mail.nih.gov.
authors.forename: Sarah M
authors.initials: SM
authors.lastname: Temkin
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001741:Black or African American / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D000367:Age Factors; D000368:Aged; D002986:Clinical Trials as Topic / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D005006:Ethnicity / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D005260:Female; D005833:Genital Neoplasms, Female / Q000628:therapy*; D005843:Geography; D006630:Hispanic or Latino / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D006801:Humans; D007348:Insurance, Health / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D017057:Medically Uninsured / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D008875:Middle Aged; D008913:Minority Groups / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D054547:National Cancer Institute (U.S.); D010051:Ovarian Neoplasms / Q000628:therapy; D018579:Patient Selection; D018426:SEER Program; D014481:United States; D002583:Uterine Cervical Neoplasms / Q000628:therapy; D014594:Uterine Neoplasms / Q000628:therapy
keywords: Clinical trials; Disparities; SEER