title: Supplements, nutrition, and alternative therapies for the treatment of traumatic brain injury.
abstract: Studies using traditional treatment strategies for mild traumatic brain injury (TBI) have produced limited clinical success. Interest in treatment for mild TBI is at an all time high due to its association with the development of chronic traumatic encephalopathy and other neurodegenerative diseases, yet therapeutic options remain limited. Traditional pharmaceutical interventions have failed to transition to the clinic for the treatment of mild TBI. As such, many pre-clinical studies are now implementing non-pharmaceutical therapies for TBI. These studies have demonstrated promise, particularly those that modulate secondary injury cascades activated after injury. Because no TBI therapy has been discovered for mild injury, researchers now look to pharmaceutical supplementation in an attempt to foster success in human clinical trials. Non-traditional therapies, such as acupuncture and even music therapy are being considered to combat the neuropsychiatric symptoms of TBI. In this review, we highlight alternative approaches that have been studied in clinical and pre-clinical studies of TBI, and other related forms of neural injury. The purpose of this review is to stimulate further investigation into novel and innovative approaches that can be used to treat the mechanisms and symptoms of mild TBI.
authors.affiliation: a Department of Neurosurgery , West Virginia University School of Medicine , Morgantown , USA.|b Center for Neuroscience , West Virginia University School of Medicine , Morgantown , USA.
authors.forename: Brandon P
authors.identifier: http://orcid.org/0000-0001-6577-4080
authors.initials: BP
authors.lastname: Lucke-Wold
authors.affiliation: b Center for Neuroscience , West Virginia University School of Medicine , Morgantown , USA.
authors.forename: Aric F
authors.initials: AF
authors.lastname: Logsdon
authors.affiliation: b Center for Neuroscience , West Virginia University School of Medicine , Morgantown , USA.
authors.forename: Linda
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Nguyen
authors.affiliation: c Department of Neurosurgery , Oregon Health Sciences University , Portland , USA.
authors.forename: Ahmed
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Eltanahay
authors.affiliation: a Department of Neurosurgery , West Virginia University School of Medicine , Morgantown , USA.
authors.forename: Ryan C
authors.initials: RC
authors.lastname: Turner
authors.affiliation: b Center for Neuroscience , West Virginia University School of Medicine , Morgantown , USA.
authors.forename: Patrick
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Bonasso
authors.affiliation: a Department of Neurosurgery , West Virginia University School of Medicine , Morgantown , USA.
authors.forename: Chelsea
authors.identifier: http://orcid.org/0000-0002-9727-9030
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Knotts
authors.affiliation: d Department of Surgery , Matigan Army Medical Center , Tacoma , WA , USA.
authors.forename: Adam
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Moeck
authors.affiliation: e Department of Neurosurgery , University of Pittsburgh Medical Center , PA , USA.
authors.forename: Joseph C
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: Maroon
authors.affiliation: f Department of Neurosurgery , Northshore Healthcare System , Evanston , IL , USA.
authors.forename: Julian E
authors.initials: JE
authors.lastname: Bailes
authors.affiliation: a Department of Neurosurgery , West Virginia University School of Medicine , Morgantown , USA.
authors.forename: Charles L
authors.initials: CL
authors.lastname: Rosen
mesh_terms: D019050:Acupressure; D015670:Acupuncture Therapy; D000208:Acute Disease; D000818:Animals; D000070642:Brain Injuries, Traumatic / Q000628:therapy*; D002908:Chronic Disease; D000529:Complementary Therapies; D003704:Dementia / Q000178:diet therapy / Q000188:drug therapy; D019587:Dietary Supplements; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D004281:Docosahexaenoic Acids / Q000494:pharmacology; D029001:Herbal Medicine; D006801:Humans; D015227:Lipid Peroxidation; D018977:Micronutrients / Q000494:pharmacology; D009147:Music Therapy; D016032:Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D018977:Micronutrients; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species; D004281:Docosahexaenoic Acids
keywords: Alternative therapies; Chronic symptoms; Mild traumatic brain injury; Secondary injury cascades; Supplementation