title: Antarctic strict anaerobic microbiota from Deschampsia antarctica vascular plants rhizosphere reveals high ecology and biotechnology relevance.
abstract: The Antarctic soil microbial community has a crucial role in the growth and stabilization of higher organisms, such as vascular plants. Analysis of the soil microbiota composition in that extreme environmental condition is crucial to understand the ecological importance and biotechnological potential. We evaluated the efficiency of isolation and abundance of strict anaerobes in the vascular plant Deschampsia antarctica rhizosphere collected in the Antarctic's Admiralty Bay and associated biodiversity to metabolic perspective and enzymatic activity. Using anaerobic cultivation methods, we identified and isolated a range of microbial taxa whose abundance was associated with Plant Growth-Promoting Bacteria (PGPB) and presences were exclusively endemic to the Antarctic continent. Firmicutes was the most abundant phylum (73 %), with the genus Clostridium found as the most isolated taxa. Here, we describe two soil treatments (oxygen gradient and heat shock) and 27 physicochemical culture conditions were able to increase the diversity of anaerobic bacteria isolates. Heat shock treatment allowed to isolate a high percentage of new species (63.63 %), as well as isolation of species with high enzymatic activity (80.77 %), which would have potential industry application. Our findings contribute to the understanding of the role of anaerobic microbes regarding ecology, evolutionary, and biotechnological features essential to the Antarctic ecosystem.
authors.affiliation: Laboratório de Biologia dos Anaeróbios, Departamento de Microbiologia Médica, Instituto de Microbiologia Paulo de Góes, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Avenida Carlos Chagas Filho, 373. Ilha do Fundão, CCS, bloco I, IMPG, 2o andar, Rio de Janeiro, CEP 21941-902, Brazil. rafaeljmp@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Rafael José Marques
authors.initials: RJ
authors.lastname: Peixoto
authors.affiliation: Laboratório de Biologia dos Anaeróbios, Departamento de Microbiologia Médica, Instituto de Microbiologia Paulo de Góes, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Avenida Carlos Chagas Filho, 373. Ilha do Fundão, CCS, bloco I, IMPG, 2o andar, Rio de Janeiro, CEP 21941-902, Brazil.
authors.forename: Karla Rodrigues
authors.initials: KR
authors.lastname: Miranda
authors.affiliation: Laboratório de Biologia dos Anaeróbios, Departamento de Microbiologia Médica, Instituto de Microbiologia Paulo de Góes, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Avenida Carlos Chagas Filho, 373. Ilha do Fundão, CCS, bloco I, IMPG, 2o andar, Rio de Janeiro, CEP 21941-902, Brazil.
authors.forename: Leandro Araujo
authors.initials: LA
authors.lastname: Lobo
authors.affiliation: Laboratório Integrado de Imunologia, Instituto de Microbiologia Paulo de Góes, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
authors.forename: Alessandra
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Granato
authors.affiliation: International College, Hamra Bliss Street, P.O. Box 113-5373, Beirut, Lebanon.
authors.forename: Pedro
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: de Carvalho Maalouf
authors.affiliation: Laboratório de Ecologia Microbiana Molecular, Instituto de Microbiologia Paulo de Góes, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
authors.forename: Hugo Emiliano
authors.initials: HE
authors.lastname: de Jesus
authors.affiliation: Laboratório de Ecologia Microbiana Molecular, Instituto de Microbiologia Paulo de Góes, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
authors.forename: Caio T C C
authors.initials: CT
authors.lastname: Rachid
authors.affiliation: Universidade Severino Sombra, Vassouras, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.|Universidade Veiga de Almeida, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
authors.forename: Saulo Roni
authors.initials: SR
authors.lastname: Moraes
authors.affiliation: Laboratório de Ecologia Microbiana Molecular, Instituto de Microbiologia Paulo de Góes, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
authors.forename: Henrique Fragoso
authors.initials: HF
authors.lastname: Dos Santos
authors.affiliation: Laboratório de Ecologia Microbiana Molecular, Instituto de Microbiologia Paulo de Góes, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
authors.forename: Raquel Silva
authors.initials: RS
authors.lastname: Peixoto
authors.affiliation: Laboratório de Ecologia Microbiana Molecular, Instituto de Microbiologia Paulo de Góes, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
authors.forename: Alexandre Soares
authors.initials: AS
authors.lastname: Rosado
authors.affiliation: Laboratório de Biologia dos Anaeróbios, Departamento de Microbiologia Médica, Instituto de Microbiologia Paulo de Góes, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Avenida Carlos Chagas Filho, 373. Ilha do Fundão, CCS, bloco I, IMPG, 2o andar, Rio de Janeiro, CEP 21941-902, Brazil.
authors.forename: Regina Maria Cavalcanti Pilotto
authors.initials: RM
authors.lastname: Domingues
mesh_terms: D000222:Adaptation, Physiological; D000864:Antarctic Regions; D001421:Bacteria, Anaerobic / Q000145:classification / Q000201:enzymology / Q000235:genetics / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D003080:Cold Temperature; D007218:Industrial Microbiology; D064307:Microbiota; D006109:Poaceae / Q000382:microbiology*; D058441:Rhizosphere; D012988:Soil Microbiology
keywords: Anaerobic bacteria; Antarctic; Metabolism; Rhizosphere