title: Contemporary Controversies in Digoxin Use in Systolic Heart Failure.
abstract: Digoxin remains one of the oldest therapies for heart failure; however, its safety and efficacy have been controversial since its initial use. Questions that remain include the clinical efficacy of digoxin when added to contemporary medical therapy, when and if it should be added, and how to minimize adverse effects. In this review, we will summarize recent data on the use of digoxin in systolic heart failure and address some of the controversies regarding the role of digoxin in the modern era of heart failure treatment.
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, 9500 Euclid Ave, Cleveland, OH, 44195, USA.
authors.forename: Chonyang L
authors.initials: CL
authors.lastname: Albert
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, 9500 Euclid Ave, Cleveland, OH, 44195, USA.
authors.forename: Forum
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Kamdar
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, 9500 Euclid Ave, Cleveland, OH, 44195, USA. Hannam@ccf.org.
authors.forename: Mazen
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Hanna
mesh_terms: D002316:Cardiotonic Agents / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D004077:Digoxin / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D054143:Heart Failure, Systolic / Q000188:drug therapy*; D006801:Humans; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D002316:Cardiotonic Agents; D004077:Digoxin
keywords: Digoxin; Heart failure