title: Nontargeted LC-MS Metabolomics Approach for Metabolic Profiling of Plasma and Urine from Pigs Fed Branched Chain Amino Acids for Maximum Growth Performance.
abstract: The metabolic response in plasma and urine of pigs when feeding an optimum level of branched chain amino acids (BCAAs) for best growth performance is unknown. The objective of the current study was to identify the metabolic phenotype associated with the BCAAs intake level that could be linked to the animal growth performance. Three dose-response studies were carried out to collect blood and urine samples from pigs fed increasing levels of Ile, Val, or Leu followed by a nontargeted LC-MS approach to characterize the metabolic profile of biofluids when dietary BCAAs are optimum for animal growth. Results showed that concentrations of plasma hypoxanthine and tyrosine (Tyr) were higher while concentrations of glycocholic acid, tauroursodeoxycholic acid, and taurocholic acid were lower when the dietary Ile was optimum. Plasma 3-methyl-2-oxovaleric acid and creatine were lower when dietary Leu was optimum. The optimum dietary Leu resulted in increased urinary excretion of ascorbic acid and choline and relatively decreased excretion of 2-aminoadipic acid, acetyl-dl-valine, Ile, 2-methylbutyrylglycine, and Tyr. In conclusion, plasma glycocholic acid and taurocholic acid were discriminating metabolites to the optimum dietary Ile. The optimum dietary Leu was associated with reduced plasma creatine and urinary 2-aminoadipic acid and elevated urinary excretion of ascorbic acid and choline. The optimum dietary Val had a less pronounced metabolic response reflected in plasma or urine than other BCAA.
authors.affiliation: Department of Animal Science, Aarhus University, Foulum , DK-8830 Tjele, Denmark.
authors.forename: Elham A
authors.initials: EA
authors.lastname: Soumeh
authors.affiliation: Department of Animal Science, Aarhus University, Foulum , DK-8830 Tjele, Denmark.
authors.forename: Mette S
authors.initials: MS
authors.lastname: Hedemann
authors.affiliation: Department of Animal Science, Aarhus University, Foulum , DK-8830 Tjele, Denmark.
authors.forename: Hanne D
authors.initials: HD
authors.lastname: Poulsen
authors.affiliation: Ajinomoto Eurolysine S.A.S., F-75817 Paris Cedex 17, France.
authors.forename: Etienne
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Corrent
authors.affiliation: INRA, UMR1348 PEGASE, F-35590 Rennes, France.
authors.forename: Jacob
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: van Milgen
authors.affiliation: Department of Animal Science, Aarhus University, Foulum , DK-8830 Tjele, Denmark.
authors.forename: Jan V
authors.initials: JV
authors.lastname: Nørgaard
mesh_terms: D000597:Amino Acids, Branched-Chain / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000378:metabolism*; D000818:Animals; D002853:Chromatography, Liquid; D013058:Mass Spectrometry; D055442:Metabolome; D055432:Metabolomics / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods*; D010949:Plasma / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000378:metabolism; D013552:Swine; D014556:Urine / Q000737:chemistry*
chemical_list: D000597:Amino Acids, Branched-Chain
keywords: branched chain amino acid; growth performance; metabolic profile; metabolomics; pigs