title: Allowing New Opportunities in Advanced Laparoscopy Training Using a Full High-Definition Training Box.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Simulated laparoscopy training is limited by its low-quality image. A high-definition (HD) laparoscopic training box was developed under the present necessity of simulating advanced surgery.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To describe and test a new HD laparoscopic training box for advanced simulation training.
  
  
  METHODS
  We describe the features and image quality of the new training box. The simulator was tested and then evaluated by a group of 76 expert surgeons using a 4-item questionnaire. To assess the effectiveness of training using this simulation box, 15 general surgery residents were trained to perform a laparoscopic jejuno-jejunostomy in a validated simulation program. They were assessed with objective rating scales before and after the training program, and their results were compared with that of experts.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The training box was assembled using high-density fiberglass shaped as an insufflated abdomen. It has an adapted full-HD camera with a LED-based illumination system. A manually self-regulated monopod attached to the camera enables training without assistance. Of the expert surgeons who answered the questionnaire, 91% said that the simulation box had a high-quality image and that it was very similar to real laparoscopy. All residents trained improved their rating scores significantly when comparing their initial versus final assessment ( P < .001). Their performance after completing the training in the box was similar to that of experts ( P > .2).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This novel laparoscopic training box presents a high-resolution image and allows training different types of advanced laparoscopic procedures. The simulator box was positively assessed by experts and demonstrated to be effective for laparoscopy training in resident surgeons.
authors.affiliation: 1 Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile.
authors.forename: Pablo
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Achurra
authors.affiliation: 1 Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile.
authors.forename: Antonia
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Lagos
authors.affiliation: 1 Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile.
authors.forename: Ruben
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Avila
authors.affiliation: 1 Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile.
authors.forename: Rodrigo
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Tejos
authors.affiliation: 1 Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile.
authors.forename: Erwin
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Buckel
authors.affiliation: 1 Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile.
authors.forename: Juan
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Alvarado
authors.affiliation: 1 Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile.
authors.forename: Camilo
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Boza
authors.affiliation: 1 Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile.
authors.forename: Nicolas
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Jarufe
authors.affiliation: 1 Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile.
authors.forename: Julian
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Varas
mesh_terms: D002983:Clinical Competence; D004867:Equipment Design; D013502:General Surgery / Q000193:education*; D006801:Humans; D007396:Internship and Residency; D007582:Jejunostomy / Q000193:education*; D010535:Laparoscopy / Q000193:education*; D000066908:Simulation Training; D025321:Surgery, Computer-Assisted / Q000295:instrumentation*
keywords: image-guided surgery; simulation; surgical education