title: Antioxidant-Enhancing Property of the Polar Fraction of Mangosteen Pericarp Extract and Evaluation of Its Safety in Humans.
abstract: Crude extract from the pericarp of the mangosteen (mangosteen extract [ME]) has exhibited several medicinal properties in both animal models and human cell lines. Interestingly, the cytotoxic activities were always observed in nonpolar fraction of the extract whereas the potent antioxidant was often found in polar fraction. Although it has been demonstrated that the polar fraction of ME exhibited the antioxidant activity, the safety of the polar fraction of ME has never been thoroughly investigated in humans. In this study, we investigated the safety of oral administration of the polar fraction of ME in 11 healthy Thai volunteers. During a 24-week period of the study, only minor and tolerable side effects were reported; no serious side effects were documented. Blood chemistry studies also showed no liver damage or kidney dysfunction in all subjects. We also demonstrated antioxidant property of the polar fraction of ME bothin vitroandin vivo. Interestingly, oral administration of the polar fraction of ME enhanced the antioxidant capability of red blood cells and decreased oxidative damage to proteins within red blood cells and whole blood.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand.
authors.forename: Wichit
authors.identifier: 0000-0003-2471-9696
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Suthammarak
authors.affiliation: Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand.
authors.forename: Pornpayom
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Numpraphrut
authors.affiliation: Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand.
authors.forename: Ratiya
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Charoensakdi
authors.affiliation: Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand.
authors.forename: Neelobol
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Neungton
authors.affiliation: Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand.
authors.forename: Vachara
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Tunrungruangtavee
authors.affiliation: Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand.
authors.forename: Nattapon
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Jaisupa
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand.
authors.forename: Suwit
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Charoensak
authors.affiliation: Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand.
authors.forename: Primchanien
authors.identifier: 0000-0002-1166-4983
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Moongkarndi
authors.affiliation: Department of Preventive and Social Medicine, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand.
authors.forename: Weerasak
authors.identifier: 0000-0001-5863-3597
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Muangpaisan
mesh_terms: D000284:Administration, Oral; D000328:Adult; D000410:Alanine Transaminase / Q000378:metabolism; D000975:Antioxidants / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000737:chemistry; D001219:Aspartate Aminotransferases / Q000378:metabolism; D002855:Chromatography, Thin Layer; D004244:Dizziness / Q000209:etiology; D004912:Erythrocytes / Q000166:cytology / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D005076:Exanthema / Q000209:etiology; D005260:Female; D029762:Garcinia mangostana / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D008099:Liver / Q000201:enzymology; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009325:Nausea / Q000209:etiology; D010085:Oxidative Phosphorylation; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000737:chemistry; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species / Q000378:metabolism; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D000975:Antioxidants; D010936:Plant Extracts; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species; D001219:Aspartate Aminotransferases; D000410:Alanine Transaminase