title: A global-wide search for sexual dimorphism of glomeruli in the antennal lobe of female and male Helicoverpa armigera.
abstract: By using immunostaining and three-dimensional reconstruction, the anatomical organization of the antennal lobe glomeruli of the female cotton bollworm Helicoverpa armigera was investigated. Eighty-one glomeruli were identified, 15 of which were not previously discovered. The general anatomical organization of the AL of female is similar to that of male and all glomeruli were classified into four sub-groups, including the female-specific glomerular complex, posterior complex, labial-palp pit organ glomerulus, and ordinary glomeruli. A global-wide comparison on the complete glomerular map of female and male was performed and for the first time the quantitative difference in volume for each individual homologous glomerulus was analyzed. We found that the sexual dimorphism includes not only the sex-specific glomeruli but also some of the other glomeruli. The findings in the present study may provide a reference to examine the antennal-lobe organization more in detail and to identify new glomeruli in other moth species. In addition, the complete identification and global-wide comparison of the sexes provide an important basis for mapping the function of distinct glomeruli and for understanding neural mechanisms underlying sexually dimorphic olfactory behaviors.
authors.affiliation: Department of Entomology, College of Plant Protection, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450002, China.
authors.forename: Xin-Cheng
authors.initials: XC
authors.lastname: Zhao
authors.affiliation: Department of Entomology, College of Plant Protection, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450002, China.
authors.forename: Bai-Wei
authors.initials: BW
authors.lastname: Ma
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychology, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim 7489, Norway.
authors.forename: Bente G
authors.initials: BG
authors.lastname: Berg
authors.affiliation: Department of Entomology, College of Plant Protection, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450002, China.
authors.forename: Gui-Ying
authors.initials: GY
authors.lastname: Xie
authors.affiliation: Department of Entomology, College of Plant Protection, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450002, China.
authors.forename: Qing-Bo
authors.initials: QB
authors.lastname: Tang
authors.affiliation: Department of Entomology, College of Plant Protection, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450002, China.|Collaborative Innovation Center of Henan Grain Crops, Zhengzhou, 450002, China.
authors.forename: Xian-Ru
authors.initials: XR
authors.lastname: Guo
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D057506:Arthropod Antennae / Q000502:physiology*; D005260:Female; D008297:Male; D009036:Moths / Q000502:physiology*; D009833:Olfactory Pathways / Q000502:physiology*; D012727:Sex Characteristics