title: Adhesion of living cells to abutment materials, dentin, and adhesive luting cement with different surface qualities.
abstract: We tested the adhesion properties of living gingival fibroblasts on three different implant abutment materials, adhesive resin used to bond bi-partite abutments, and human dentin.
  
  
  
  Discs of lithium disilicate (LS), zirconium dioxide (Zr), adhesive resin cement (AR), titanium (Ti), and human dentin (HD) were fabricated with three different levels of surface roughness (rough, machined, and polished). Ra and Rz, water contact angle, and cell detachment forces were measured. Cell detachment force was measured for single cells using single-cell force spectroscopy. Data were statistically analyzed using parametric tests (ANOVA, MANOVA, Bonferroni post-hoc tests).
  
  
  
  Surface roughness significantly influenced the water contact angle for all materials (P≤0.05). Overall, HD showed the lowest contact angle, followed by LS, Ti, Zr, and AR (P≤0.05). Comparison of cell detachment forces between materials with rough and machined surfaces revealed no significant differences (P>0.05), with the exception of Zr compared to HD with rough surfaces (P=0.006). For polished surfaces, HD showed the highest detachment force (P≤0.0001), followed by Ti, AR, and Zr, which did not significantly differ from each other (P>0.05) and LS; Ti/AR was significantly different from LS (P≤0.05). Except for HD, where polished surfaces exhibited the highest cell detachment force (P≤0.002), most machined surfaces showed higher cell detachment forces than polished or rough surfaces.
  
  
  
  Implant abutments should ideally be provided with a machined like surface roughness for best cell adhesion.
authors.affiliation: Department of Prosthodontics, Propaedeutics and Dental Materials, Christian-Albrechts University at Kiel, Arnold-Heller-Straße 16, 24105, Kiel, Germany. Electronic address: cmehl@proth.uni-kiel.de.
authors.forename: Christian
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Mehl
authors.affiliation: Department of Prosthodontics, Propaedeutics and Dental Materials, Christian-Albrechts University at Kiel, Arnold-Heller-Straße 16, 24105, Kiel, Germany. Electronic address: mkern@proth.uni-kiel.de.
authors.forename: Matthias
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kern
authors.affiliation: Department of Prosthodontics, Propaedeutics and Dental Materials, Christian-Albrechts University at Kiel, Arnold-Heller-Straße 16, 24105, Kiel, Germany. Electronic address: anna-marie.schuette@gmx.de.
authors.forename: Anna-Marie
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Schütte
authors.affiliation: Institute for Materials Science, Biocompatible Nanomaterials, University of Kiel, Kaiserstraße 2, 24143 Kiel, Germany. Electronic address: kl@tf.uni-kiel.de.
authors.forename: Laith F
authors.initials: LF
authors.lastname: Kadem
authors.affiliation: Institute for Materials Science, Biocompatible Nanomaterials, University of Kiel, Kaiserstraße 2, 24143 Kiel, Germany. Electronic address: cse@tf.uni-kiel.de.
authors.forename: Christine
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Selhuber-Unkel
mesh_terms: D003738:Dental Cements; D015921:Dental Implants; D003764:Dental Materials; D003804:Dentin / Q000166:cytology*; D005881:Gingiva; D006801:Humans; D008422:Materials Testing; D019279:Resin Cements; D013499:Surface Properties
chemical_list: D003738:Dental Cements; D015921:Dental Implants; D003764:Dental Materials; D019279:Resin Cements
keywords: Cell adhesion; Ceramic; Dentin; Lithium disilicate; Physico-chemical properties; Resin cement; Single-cell force spectroscopy; Surface treatment; Titanium; Zirconium dioxide