title: Smartphone-Based Accurate Analysis of Retinal Vasculature towards Point-of-Care Diagnostics.
abstract: Retinal vasculature analysis is important for the early diagnostics of various eye and systemic diseases, making it a potentially useful biomarker, especially for resource-limited regions and countries. Here we developed a smartphone-based retinal image analysis system for point-of-care diagnostics that is able to load a fundus image, segment retinal vessels, analyze individual vessel width, and store or uplink results. The proposed system was not only evaluated on widely used public databases and compared with the state-of-the-art methods, but also validated on clinical images directly acquired with a smartphone. An Android app is also developed to facilitate on-site application of the proposed methods. Both visual assessment and quantitative assessment showed that the proposed methods achieved comparable results to the state-of-the-art methods that require high-standard workstations. The proposed system holds great potential for the early diagnostics of various diseases, such as diabetic retinopathy, for resource-limited regions and countries.
authors.affiliation: The Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information Engineering of the Ministry of Education, School of Life Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, P. R. China.|Bioinspired Engineering and Biomechanics Center (BEBC), Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, P. R. China.
authors.forename: Xiayu
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Xu
authors.affiliation: The Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information Engineering of the Ministry of Education, School of Life Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, P. R. China.|Bioinspired Engineering and Biomechanics Center (BEBC), Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, P. R. China.
authors.forename: Wenxiang
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Ding
authors.affiliation: The Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information Engineering of the Ministry of Education, School of Life Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, P. R. China.|Bioinspired Engineering and Biomechanics Center (BEBC), Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, P. R. China.
authors.forename: Xuemin
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: The Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information Engineering of the Ministry of Education, School of Life Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, P. R. China.|Bioinspired Engineering and Biomechanics Center (BEBC), Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, P. R. China.
authors.forename: Ruofan
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Cao
authors.affiliation: Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Fourth Military Medical University, 169 West Changle Road, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710032, P. R. China.
authors.forename: Maiye
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: The Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information Engineering of the Ministry of Education, School of Life Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, P. R. China.|Bioinspired Engineering and Biomechanics Center (BEBC), Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, P. R. China.
authors.forename: Peilin
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Lv
authors.affiliation: The Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information Engineering of the Ministry of Education, School of Life Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, P. R. China.|Bioinspired Engineering and Biomechanics Center (BEBC), Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, P. R. China.
authors.forename: Feng
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Xu
mesh_terms: D016208:Databases, Factual; D003930:Diabetic Retinopathy / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007091:Image Processing, Computer-Assisted; D008297:Male; D063731:Mobile Applications; D019095:Point-of-Care Systems; D012171:Retinal Vessels / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D000068997:Smartphone