title: Pharmacogenomics Can Enhance Prescribing of Psychiatric Medications.
abstract: Many psychiatric patients experience pharmaceutical intolerances, and some of them do not derive optimal efficacy from their pharmacotherapies. Clinical problems such as these may result in prolonged dysfunction, adverse consequences, and repeated changes in medication treatment regimens. Pharmacogenomics is a laboratory method that aids individualized medication selection by predicting drug efficacy and adverse effect profiles. It is a technique that involves the testing of patients' genetic makeup to improve medicinal response and tolerance. Pharmacogenomics aims to clarify pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics in addition to focusing on hepatic cytochrome enzyme metabolism. Ultimately, it facilitates optimal selection and adjustment of medications to enhance clinical outcomes. Pharmacogenomics is most useful in cases in which routinely prescribed pharmacotherapies are either suboptimally effective or have unacceptable adverse effects. Once there has been a failure of a therapeutic drug treatment, rather than "blindly" selecting an alternative medicine, pharmacogenomic test results can provide guidance for the selection of the most appropriate drug and its dose. The intent is to yield a greater likelihood of patient success in following a therapeutic intervention.
authors.affiliation: From the University of Minnesota, Minneapolis-St Paul, Wake Forest Baptist Medical Center, Winston-Salem, North Carolina, and the University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, Kentucky.
authors.forename: Puneet
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Narang
authors.affiliation: From the University of Minnesota, Minneapolis-St Paul, Wake Forest Baptist Medical Center, Winston-Salem, North Carolina, and the University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, Kentucky.
authors.forename: Amy
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Johnson
authors.affiliation: From the University of Minnesota, Minneapolis-St Paul, Wake Forest Baptist Medical Center, Winston-Salem, North Carolina, and the University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, Kentucky.
authors.forename: Manasa
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Enja
authors.affiliation: From the University of Minnesota, Minneapolis-St Paul, Wake Forest Baptist Medical Center, Winston-Salem, North Carolina, and the University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, Kentucky.
authors.forename: Steven
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Lippmann
mesh_terms: D003577:Cytochrome P-450 Enzyme System / Q000235:genetics; D050485:GABA Plasma Membrane Transport Proteins / Q000235:genetics; D005820:Genetic Testing / Q000191:economics; D005838:Genotype; D006801:Humans; D001523:Mental Disorders / Q000188:drug therapy*; D010597:Pharmacogenetics; D000071184:Pharmacogenomic Variants; D011619:Psychotropic Drugs / Q000493:pharmacokinetics* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D012051:Reimbursement Mechanisms
chemical_list: D050485:GABA Plasma Membrane Transport Proteins; D011619:Psychotropic Drugs; C493413:SLC6A1 protein, human; D003577:Cytochrome P-450 Enzyme System