title: Potential tree species for use in urban areas in temperate and oceanic climates.
abstract: This study aims to assess the potential of trees for integration in urban development by evaluating the damage caused by trees in relation to various tree characteristics. Tree damage to permeable pavement systems and other urban structures such as impermeable pavements, kerbs, roads, retaining walls, footpaths, walls and buildings were assessed to identify the most suitable trees for the urban environment. One hundred square sites of 100 m × 100 m were randomly selected in Greater Manchester for this representative example case study to demonstrate the assessment methodology. Among tree species in this study,Acer platanoidesL. (Norway maple) occurred most frequently (17%); others wereTilia spp.L. (Lime; 16%),Fraxinus excelsiorL. (common ash; 12%),Acer pseudoplatanusL. (sycamore; 10%) andPrunus aviumL. (wild cherry; 8%). The study concludes that 44% of the damage was to impermeable pavements and 22% to permeable pavements. Other damage to structures included kerbs (19%), retaining walls (5%), footpaths (4%), roads (3%) and walls (3%). Concerning the severity of damage, 66% were moderate, 21% light and 19% severe.Aesculus hippocastanumL. (horse chestnut) caused the greatest damage (59%) expressed in percentage as a ratio of the tree number related to damage over the corresponding tree number that was found close to structures.
authors.affiliation: Division of Water Resources Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Lund University, P.O. Box 118, 22100 Lund, Sweden; Civil Engineering Research Group, School of Computing, Science and Engineering, The University of Salford, Newton Building, Salford M5 4WT, England, United Kingdom.
authors.forename: Miklas
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Scholz
authors.affiliation: Civil Engineering Research Group, School of Computing, Science and Engineering, The University of Salford, Newton Building, Salford M5 4WT, England, United Kingdom.
authors.forename: Vincent C
authors.initials: VC
authors.lastname: Uzomah
authors.affiliation: Civil Engineering Research Group, School of Computing, Science and Engineering, The University of Salford, Newton Building, Salford M5 4WT, England, United Kingdom.
authors.forename: Furat A M
authors.initials: FA
authors.lastname: Al-Faraj
keywords: Engineering; Environmental science