title: Anxiety and depression symptoms among caregivers of care-recipients with subjective cognitive decline and cognitive impairment.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Caregivers of care-recipients with mild cognitive impairment (MCI) or dementia experience high caregiver burden; however, the psychiatric burden of caregivers of care-recipients with subjective cognitive decline (SCD) has not been investigated. We aimed to explore the prevalence of and risk factors for anxiety and depression symptoms among the caregivers of care-recipients with SCD and cognitive impairment.
  
  
  METHODS
  The Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS) was used to examine the anxiety and depression symptoms among the caregivers of 343 care-recipients (84 with SCD, 120 with MCI and 139 with dementia) treated at the Memory Clinic of Huashan Hospital in Shanghai, China from May 2012 to October 2014. A logistic regression was used to explore the factors associated with caregiver's anxiety and depression symptoms.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In total, 26.5 % of caregivers had anxiety symptoms, and 22.4 % had depression symptoms. Totals of 17.9, 30.0 and 28.8 % of caregivers of care-recipients with SCD, MCI or dementia, respectively, had anxiety symptoms (P = 0.1140), whereas 22.6, 24.2 and 20.9 %, respectively, had depression symptoms (P = 0.8165). The risk factors for caregiver's anxiety symptoms were increased caregiver age as well as having care-recipients who were male, had higher Cohen Mansfield Agitation Inventory (CMAI) scores, and higher Geriatric Depression Scale (GDS) scores. The risk factors for caregiver's depression symptoms were increased caregiver age as well as caring for care-recipients with MCI or SCD, those with lower Toronto Empathy Questionnaire (TEQ) scores, and those with higher GDS scores.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Caregivers of care-recipients with SCD showed the same level of depression symptoms as those of care-recipients with MCI. Caregiver's depression and anxiety symptoms were associated with their care-recipients' psychiatric and behavioral syndromes.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China.|Institute of Neurology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, WHO Collaborating Center for Research and Training in Neurosciences, Shanghai, 200040, China.|School of Public Health and Key Laboratory of Public Health Safety, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China.|Key Laboratory of Health Technology Assessment (Ministry of Health), Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China.
authors.forename: Xiaoniu
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Liang
authors.affiliation: Institute of Neurology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, WHO Collaborating Center for Research and Training in Neurosciences, Shanghai, 200040, China.
authors.forename: Qihao
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Guo
authors.affiliation: Department of Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China. jfluo@shmu.edu.cn.|School of Public Health and Key Laboratory of Public Health Safety, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China. jfluo@shmu.edu.cn.|Key Laboratory of Health Technology Assessment (Ministry of Health), Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China. jfluo@shmu.edu.cn.
authors.forename: Jianfeng
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Luo
authors.affiliation: Department of Gerontology, Fuxing Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100038, China. lifangwa@sina.com.
authors.forename: Fang
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: Institute of Neurology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, WHO Collaborating Center for Research and Training in Neurosciences, Shanghai, 200040, China.
authors.forename: Ding
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Ding
authors.affiliation: Institute of Neurology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, WHO Collaborating Center for Research and Training in Neurosciences, Shanghai, 200040, China.
authors.forename: Qianhua
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Zhao
authors.affiliation: Institute of Neurology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, WHO Collaborating Center for Research and Training in Neurosciences, Shanghai, 200040, China.
authors.forename: Zhen
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Hong
mesh_terms: D000223:Adaptation, Psychological; D000368:Aged; D001008:Anxiety Disorders / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000209:etiology; D017028:Caregivers / Q000523:psychology*; D002681:China / Q000453:epidemiology; D017281:Cost of Illness; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D003704:Dementia; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D015995:Prevalence; D011569:Psychiatric Status Rating Scales; D012307:Risk Factors; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires
keywords: Anxiety; Caregiver; Depression; HADS; Risk factors; Subjective cognitive decline