title: Edible Safety Assessment of Genetically Modified Rice T1C-1 for Sprague Dawley Rats through Horizontal Gene Transfer, Allergenicity and Intestinal Microbiota.
abstract: In this study, assessment of the safety of transgenic rice T1C-1 expressing Cry1C was carried out by: (1) studying horizontal gene transfer (HGT) in Sprague Dawley rats fed transgenic rice for 90 d; (2) examining the effect of Cry1C protein in vitro on digestibility and allergenicity; and (3) studying the changes of intestinal microbiota in rats fed with transgenic rice T1C-1 in acute and subchronic toxicity tests. Sprague Dawley rats were fed a diet containing either 60% GM Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) rice T1C-1 expressing Cry1C protein, the parental rice Minghui 63, or a basic diet for 90 d. The GM Bt rice T1C-1 showed no evidence of HGT between rats and transgenic rice. Sequence searching of the Cry1C protein showed no homology with known allergens or toxins. Cry1C protein was rapidly degraded in vitro with simulated gastric and intestinal fluids. The expressed Cry1C protein did not induce high levels of specific IgG and IgE antibodies in rats. The intestinal microbiota of rats fed T1C-1 was also analyzed in acute and subchronic toxicity tests by DGGE. Cluster analysis of DGGE profiles revealed significant individual differences in the rats' intestinal microbiota.
authors.affiliation: Biotechnology Research Institute, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai, People's Republic of China.|Key Laboratory of Agricultural Genetics and Breeding, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Kai
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Zhao
authors.affiliation: College of Life and Environment Sciences, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Fangfang
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Ren
authors.affiliation: College of Life and Environment Sciences, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Fangting
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Han
authors.affiliation: College of Life and Environment Sciences, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Qiwen
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.affiliation: Biotechnology Research Institute, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai, People's Republic of China.|Key Laboratory of Agricultural Genetics and Breeding, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Guogan
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Wu
authors.affiliation: College of Life and Environment Sciences, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Yan
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Xu
authors.affiliation: Alberta Innovates-Technology Futures, Vegreville, Alberta, Canada.
authors.forename: Jian
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: Biotechnology Research Institute, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai, People's Republic of China.|Key Laboratory of Agricultural Genetics and Breeding, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Xiao
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Wu
authors.affiliation: Biotechnology Research Institute, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai, People's Republic of China.|Key Laboratory of Agricultural Genetics and Breeding, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Jinbin
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: Biotechnology Research Institute, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai, People's Republic of China.|Key Laboratory of Agricultural Genetics and Breeding, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Peng
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: College of Life and Environment Sciences, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Wei
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Shi
authors.affiliation: Biotechnology Research Institute, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Hong
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Zhu
authors.affiliation: National Center for Safety Evaluation of Drugs, Beijing Economic-Technological Development Area, Beijing, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Jianjun
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Lv
authors.affiliation: Life Science College, Ningxia University, Yinchuan, Ningxia, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Xiao
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Zhao
authors.affiliation: Biotechnology Research Institute, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai, People's Republic of China.|Key Laboratory of Agricultural Genetics and Breeding, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Xueming
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Tang
mesh_terms: D000485:Allergens / Q000276:immunology*; D000818:Animals; D001413:Bacillus thuringiensis / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D001419:Bacteria / Q000145:classification / Q000235:genetics / Q000302:isolation & purification; D001426:Bacterial Proteins / Q000235:genetics* / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism; D016000:Cluster Analysis; D005243:Feces / Q000382:microbiology; D005260:Female; D030841:Food, Genetically Modified / Q000633:toxicity; D022761:Gene Transfer, Horizontal / Q000502:physiology*; D014644:Genetic Variation; D007074:Immunoglobulin G / Q000097:blood / Q000276:immunology; D007075:Immunoglobulin M / Q000097:blood / Q000276:immunology; D019476:Insect Proteins; D007413:Intestinal Mucosa / Q000378:metabolism; D007422:Intestines / Q000382:microbiology*; D008297:Male; D064307:Microbiota; D009132:Muscles / Q000378:metabolism; D012275:Oryza / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism; D010802:Phylogeny; D030821:Plants, Genetically Modified / Q000235:genetics; D012336:RNA, Ribosomal, 16S / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D011956:Receptors, Cell Surface / Q000235:genetics* / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism; D023382:Toxicity Tests, Acute
chemical_list: D000485:Allergens; D001426:Bacterial Proteins; C095416:Cry toxin receptors; D007074:Immunoglobulin G; D007075:Immunoglobulin M; D019476:Insect Proteins; D012336:RNA, Ribosomal, 16S; D011956:Receptors, Cell Surface