title: Detection of Human Papillomavirus in Korean Breast Cancer Patients by Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction and Meta-Analysis of Human Papillomavirus and Breast Cancer.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Human papillomavirus (HPV) is a well-established oncogenic virus of cervical, anogenital, and oropharyngeal cancer. Various subtypes of HPV have been detected in 0% to 60% of breast cancers. The roles of HPV in the carcinogenesis of breast cancer remain controversial. This study was performed to determine the prevalence of HPV-positive breast cancer in Korean patients and to evaluate the possibility of carcinogenic effect of HPV on breast.
  
  
  METHODS
  Meta-analysis was performed in 22 case-control studies for HPV infection in breast cancer. A total of 123 breast cancers, nine intraductal papillomas and 13 nipple tissues of patients with proven cervical HPV infection were tested by real-time polymerase chain reaction to detect 28 subtypes of HPV. Breast cancers were composed of 106 formalin-fixed and paraffin embedded (FFPE) breast cancer samples and 17 touch imprint cytology samples of breast cancers.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The overall odds ratio between breast cancer and HPV infection was 5.43 (95% confidence interval, 3.24 to 9.12) with I2= 34.5% in meta-analysis of published studies with case-control setting and it was statistically significant. HPV was detected in 22 cases of breast cancers (17.9%) and two cases of intaductal papillomas (22.2%). However, these cases had weak positivity.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These results failed to serve as significant evidence to support the relationship between HPV and breast cancer. Further study with larger epidemiologic population is merited to determine the relationship between HPV and breast cancer.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathology, Korea University Guro Hospital, Seoul, Korea.
authors.forename: Jinhyuk
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Choi
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathology, Korea University Guro Hospital, Seoul, Korea.
authors.forename: Chungyeul
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathology, Korea University Guro Hospital, Seoul, Korea.
authors.forename: Hye Seung
authors.initials: HS
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathology, Korea University Guro Hospital, Seoul, Korea.
authors.forename: Yoo Jin
authors.initials: YJ
authors.lastname: Choi
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathology, Korea University Guro Hospital, Seoul, Korea.
authors.forename: Ha Yeon
authors.initials: HY
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathology, Korea University Guro Hospital, Seoul, Korea.
authors.forename: Jinhwan
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathology, Korea University Guro Hospital, Seoul, Korea.
authors.forename: Hyeyoon
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Chang
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathology, Korea University Guro Hospital, Seoul, Korea.
authors.forename: Aeree
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Kim
keywords: Breast neoplasms; Human papillomavirus; Meta-analysis; Real-time polymerase chain reaction