title: Incidence of sickness absence by type of employment contract: one year follow-up study in Spanish salaried workers.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  To examine the differences in the incidence of registered sickness absence by type of employment contract in a large representative sample of salaried workers in Spain in 2009.
  
  
  METHODS
  A study of 653,264 salaried workers covered by the Social Security system who had 133,724 sickness absence episodes in 2009. Crude and adjusted rate ratios and their corresponding 95 % confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated with Poisson regression models.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The incidence rate per 100 workers-year of sickness absence for temporary workers (IR = 32.2) was slightly higher than that of permanent workers (IR = 28.9). This pattern was observed in both men (RR = 1.12; 95 % CI 1.10-1.14) and women (RR 1.11; 95 % CI 1.09-1.12). However, after adjusting for age, company size, and occupational category, the differences disappeared in men (aRR = 1.01; 95 % CI 0.99-1.02) and decreased in women (aRR = 1.06; 95 % CI 1.04-1.07).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our findings provide evidence on the independence of sickness absence benefits from the type of employment contract as well as on the nonexistence of incentives for taking sickness absence in workers with a permanent employment contract. In the context of increasing market flexibility, these results show a positive functioning of the Social Security system.
authors.affiliation: Department of Experimental and Health Sciences, Center for Research in Occupational Health (CiSAL), Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF), Parc de Recerca Biomèdica de Barcelona, C/ Dr Aiguader 88-Primera planta, Despacho 171.02, 08003 Barcelona, Spain ; Hospital del Mar Medical Research Institute (IMIM), Barcelona, Spain.
authors.forename: Elena
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Zaballa
authors.affiliation: Department of Experimental and Health Sciences, Center for Research in Occupational Health (CiSAL), Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF), Parc de Recerca Biomèdica de Barcelona, C/ Dr Aiguader 88-Primera planta, Despacho 171.02, 08003 Barcelona, Spain ; CIBER in Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBERESP), Barcelona, Spain ; Hospital del Mar Medical Research Institute (IMIM), Barcelona, Spain.
authors.forename: José Miguel
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Martínez
authors.affiliation: Department of Experimental and Health Sciences, Center for Research in Occupational Health (CiSAL), Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF), Parc de Recerca Biomèdica de Barcelona, C/ Dr Aiguader 88-Primera planta, Despacho 171.02, 08003 Barcelona, Spain ; CIBER in Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBERESP), Barcelona, Spain ; Hospital del Mar Medical Research Institute (IMIM), Barcelona, Spain.
authors.forename: Xavier
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Duran
authors.affiliation: Departament de Salut, Generalitat de Catalunya, Institut Català d'Avaluacions Mèdiques i Sanitàries (ICAMS), Catalonia, Spain.
authors.forename: Constança
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Albertí
authors.affiliation: Department of Experimental and Health Sciences, Center for Research in Occupational Health (CiSAL), Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF), Parc de Recerca Biomèdica de Barcelona, C/ Dr Aiguader 88-Primera planta, Despacho 171.02, 08003 Barcelona, Spain ; CIBER in Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBERESP), Barcelona, Spain ; Department of Epidemiology, Human Genetics and Environmental Sciences, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, School of Public Health, San Antonio Campus, San Antonio, TX USA.
authors.forename: David
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Gimeno Ruiz de Porras
authors.affiliation: Department of Experimental and Health Sciences, Center for Research in Occupational Health (CiSAL), Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF), Parc de Recerca Biomèdica de Barcelona, C/ Dr Aiguader 88-Primera planta, Despacho 171.02, 08003 Barcelona, Spain ; CIBER in Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBERESP), Barcelona, Spain ; Hospital del Mar Medical Research Institute (IMIM), Barcelona, Spain.
authors.forename: Fernando G
authors.initials: FG
authors.lastname: Benavides
keywords: Employment conditions; Occupational health; Sick leave; Social Security system