title: Saffold virus, an emerging human cardiovirus.
abstract: Saffold virus (SAFV) is an emerging human cardiovirus that has been shown to be ubiquitous. Initial studies of SAFV focused on respiratory and gastrointestinal infection; however, it has also recently been associated with diverse clinical symptoms including the endocrine, cardiovascular, and neurological systems. Given the systemic nature of SAFV, and its high prevalence, understanding its pathogenicity and clinical impact is of utmost importance. This comprehensive review highlights and discusses recent developments in epidemiology, human pathogenicity, animal, and molecular studies related to SAFV. It also provides detailed insights into the neuropathogenicity of SAFV. We argue that human studies have been confounded by coinfections and therefore require support from robust molecular and animal research. Thereby, we aim to provide foresight into further research to better understand this emerging virus.
authors.affiliation: Temasek Life Science Laboratory, 1 Research Link, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Republic of Singapore.
authors.forename: Shawn Zheng Kai
authors.identifier: 0000-0001-7258-9596
authors.initials: SZ
authors.lastname: Tan
authors.affiliation: Critical Care Unit, Central Manchester Foundation NHS Trust, Manchester, UK.
authors.forename: Mark Zheng Yi
authors.initials: MZ
authors.lastname: Tan
authors.affiliation: Temasek Life Science Laboratory, 1 Research Link, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Republic of Singapore.
authors.forename: Mookkan
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Prabakaran
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D018188:Cardiovirus Infections / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000473:pathology / Q000821:virology*; D021821:Communicable Diseases, Emerging / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000473:pathology / Q000821:virology*; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D006801:Humans; D015995:Prevalence; D017945:Theilovirus / Q000302:isolation & purification*
keywords: CNS; Saffold virus; animal model; neurotropic; pathogenicity