title: Peripheral blood mononuclear cell secretome for tissue repair.
abstract: For almost two decades, cell-based therapies have been tested in modern regenerative medicine to either replace or regenerate human cells, tissues, or organs and restore normal function. Secreted paracrine factors are increasingly accepted to exert beneficial biological effects that promote tissue regeneration. These factors are called the cell secretome and include a variety of proteins, lipids, microRNAs, and extracellular vesicles, such as exosomes and microparticles. The stem cell secretome has most commonly been investigated in pre-clinical settings. However, a growing body of evidence indicates that other cell types, such as peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs), are capable of releasing significant amounts of biologically active paracrine factors that exert beneficial regenerative effects. The apoptotic PBMC secretome has been successfully used pre-clinically for the treatment of acute myocardial infarction, chronic heart failure, spinal cord injury, stroke, and wound healing. In this review we describe the benefits of choosing PBMCs instead of stem cells in regenerative medicine and characterize the factors released from apoptotic PBMCs. We also discuss pre-clinical studies with apoptotic cell-based therapies and regulatory issues that have to be considered when conducting clinical trials using cell secretome-based products. This should allow the reader to envision PBMC secretome-based therapies as alternatives to all other forms of cell-based therapies.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biomedical Imaging and Image-guided Therapy, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.|Christian Doppler Laboratory for Cardiac and Thoracic Diagnosis and Regeneration, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.
authors.forename: Lucian
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Beer
authors.affiliation: Department of Dermatology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.
authors.forename: Michael
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Mildner
authors.affiliation: Division of Cardiology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.
authors.forename: Mariann
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Gyöngyösi
authors.affiliation: Christian Doppler Laboratory for Cardiac and Thoracic Diagnosis and Regeneration, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria. hendrik.ankersmit@meduniwien.ac.at.|Head FFG Project 852748 "APOSEC", FOLAB Surgery, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria. hendrik.ankersmit@meduniwien.ac.at.|Department of Thoracic Surgery, Medical University Vienna, Vienna, Austria. hendrik.ankersmit@meduniwien.ac.at.
authors.forename: Hendrik Jan
authors.initials: HJ
authors.lastname: Ankersmit
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D017209:Apoptosis; D055354:Exosomes / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D006801:Humans; D007963:Leukocytes, Mononuclear / Q000166:cytology / Q000378:metabolism*; D044968:Regenerative Medicine; D014945:Wound Healing
keywords: PBMC; Paracrine; Regenerative medicine; Secretome; Tissue regeneration