title: Medication Adherence Contributes to an Improved Quality of Life in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Patients: A Cross-Sectional Study.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Diabetes mellitus is a chronic disease with a high prevalence world wide. This disease has also been reported to affect the quality of life (QOL) of the patient and their family due to its chronic nature and multi organ involvement. The aim of this study was to analyze the association between adherence to prescribed diabetes medication and diabetes-specific QOL in patients attending Secondary Health Care Facility in Bandung City, Indonesia.
  
  
  METHODS
  A cross-sectional survey was conducted in the Secondary Health Care Facility in Bandung City, Indonesia. Data were collected between February and April 2014 using consecutive sampling. Adherence was assessed using the eight-item Morisky Medication Adherence Scale while diabetes-specific-QOL was assessed using the Diabetes 39 instrument.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The results showed that among the patients, 49.4% exhibited low adherence, 29.7% exhibited medium adherence, and 20.9% exhibited high adherence to diabetes medication. Diabetes-specific QOL proved to be highly affected in the sexual functioning domain. Social-burden domain scores were better than overall QOL scores. There was a significant association between adherence and diabetes-specific QOL (p = 0.009) using The Kruskall-Wallis test of significance. The results of the post hoc Mann-Whitney tests (high vs medium adherence, p = 0.084; medium vs low adherence, p = 0.86; and high vs low adherence, p = 0.001) indicated that higher adherence to prescribed diabetes medication contributed to an improved QOL. Multiple regression analysis showed that the predictors of diabetes-specific QOL were adherence and patient income.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Adherence to prescribed medication showed a positive effect on diabetes-specific QOL in patients. Patients with a high adherence to medication had an improved QOL. This result is important not only in developing intervention programs for patients but also in improving their QOL through sustainable health promotion.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacology and Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Padjadjaran, Jatinangor, Indonesia. sofa.alfian@unpad.ac.id.
authors.forename: Sofa D
authors.initials: SD
authors.lastname: Alfian
authors.affiliation: Department of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Padjadjaran, Jatinangor, Indonesia.
authors.forename: Hadyana
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Sukandar
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacology and Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Padjadjaran, Jatinangor, Indonesia.
authors.forename: Keri
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Lestari
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacology and Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Padjadjaran, Jatinangor, Indonesia.
authors.forename: Rizky
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Abdulah
keywords: Adherence; Diabetes mellitus; Diabetes-specific quality of life; Prescribed medications; QOL; Type 2