title: Review of Preclinical and Clinical Studies of Bone Marrow-Derived Cell Therapies for Intracerebral Hemorrhage.
abstract: Stroke is the second leading cause of mortality worldwide, causing millions of deaths annually, and is also a major cause of disability-adjusted life years. Hemorrhagic stroke accounts for approximately 10 to 27% of all cases and has a fatality rate of about 50% in the first 30 days, with limited treatment possibilities. In the past two decades, the therapeutic potential of bone marrow-derived cells (particularly mesenchymal stem cells and mononuclear cells) has been intensively investigated in preclinical models of different neurological diseases, including models of intracerebral hemorrhage and subarachnoid hemorrhage. More recently, clinical studies, most of them small, unblinded, and nonrandomized, have suggested that the therapy with bone marrow-derived cells is safe and feasible in patients with ischemic or hemorrhagic stroke. This review discusses the available evidence on the use of bone marrow-derived cells to treat hemorrhagic strokes. Distinctive properties of animal studies are analyzed, including study design, cell dose, administration route, therapeutic time window, and possible mechanisms of action. Furthermore, clinical trials are also reviewed and discussed, with the objective of improving future studies in the field.
authors.affiliation: Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, 21941-902 Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil; Departamento de Radiologia, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, 21941-902 Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil.
authors.forename: Paulo Henrique
authors.identifier: 0000-0003-0091-9714
authors.initials: PH
authors.lastname: Rosado-de-Castro
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Neurocirurgia, Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, 20551-030 Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil; Instituto Estadual do Cérebro Paulo Niemeyer, 20231-092 Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil.
authors.forename: Felipe Gonçalves
authors.initials: FG
authors.lastname: de Carvalho
authors.affiliation: Instituto D'Or de Pesquisa e Ensino, 22281-100 Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil.
authors.forename: Gabriel Rodriguez
authors.initials: GR
authors.lastname: de Freitas
authors.affiliation: Instituto de Biofísica Carlos Chagas Filho, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, 21941-902 Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil.
authors.forename: Rosalia
authors.identifier: 0000-0002-1798-9930
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Mendez-Otero
authors.affiliation: Instituto de Biofísica Carlos Chagas Filho, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, 21941-902 Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil.
authors.forename: Pedro Moreno
authors.identifier: 0000-0002-2414-3386
authors.initials: PM
authors.lastname: Pimentel-Coelho