title: Nutrition for the ageing brain: Towards evidence for an optimal diet.
abstract: As people age they become increasingly susceptible to chronic and extremely debilitating brain diseases. The precise cause of the neuronal degeneration underlying these disorders, and indeed normal brain ageing remains however elusive. Considering the limits of existing preventive methods, there is a desire to develop effective and safe strategies. Growing preclinical and clinical research in healthy individuals or at the early stage of cognitive decline has demonstrated the beneficial impact of nutrition on cognitive functions. The present review is the most recent in a series produced by the Nutrition and Mental Performance Task Force under the auspice of the International Life Sciences Institute Europe (ILSI Europe). The latest scientific advances specific to how dietary nutrients and non-nutrient may affect cognitive ageing are presented. Furthermore, several key points related to mechanisms contributing to brain ageing, pathological conditions affecting brain function, and brain biomarkers are also discussed. Overall, findings are inconsistent and fragmented and more research is warranted to determine the underlying mechanisms and to establish dose-response relationships for optimal brain maintenance in different population subgroups. Such approaches are likely to provide the necessary evidence to develop research portfolios that will inform about new dietary recommendations on how to prevent cognitive decline.
authors.affiliation: University of East Anglia, Norwich Medical School, Norwich NR4 7UQ, United Kingdom.
authors.forename: David
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Vauzour
authors.affiliation: Abbott Nutrition R&D, Abbott Laboratories, Camino de Purchil 68, 18004 Granada, Spain.
authors.forename: Maria
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Camprubi-Robles
authors.affiliation: Wrigley (Mars Inc.), 1132 W. Blackhawk Street, 60612 Chicago, IL, United States.
authors.forename: Sophie
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Miquel-Kergoat
authors.affiliation: University of Barcelona, Av Joan XXIII s/n, 08028 Barcelona, Spain.
authors.forename: Cristina
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Andres-Lacueva
authors.affiliation: International Life Sciences Institute, Europe (ILSI Europe), Av E. Mounier 83, Box 6, 1200 Brussels, Belgium.
authors.forename: Diána
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Bánáti
authors.affiliation: Univ. Bordeaux, Inserm, U897, F33076 Bordeaux Cedex, France.
authors.forename: Pascale
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Barberger-Gateau
authors.affiliation: Nestlé Institute of Health Sciences, EPFL Innovation Park, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland.
authors.forename: Gene L
authors.initials: GL
authors.lastname: Bowman
authors.affiliation: The Microsoft Research-University of Trento, Centre for Computational and Systems Biology (COSBI), Piazza Manifattura 1, 38068 Rovereto, TN, Italy.
authors.forename: Laura
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Caberlotto
authors.affiliation: Oxford University, Richard Doll Building, Old Road Campus, Roosevelt Drive, OX3 7LF Oxford, United Kingdom.
authors.forename: Robert
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Clarke
authors.affiliation: Loughborough University, Brockington Building, Asby Road, LE11 3TU Loughborough, United Kingdom.
authors.forename: Eef
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Hogervorst
authors.affiliation: Radboud University Medical Center, P.O. Box 9101, 6500 HB Nijmegen, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Amanda J
authors.initials: AJ
authors.lastname: Kiliaan
authors.affiliation: IRCCS-Instituto di Richerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri, Via G. La Masa 19, 20156 Milan, Italy.
authors.forename: Ugo
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: Lucca
authors.affiliation: INRA, UMR 1019, Human Nutrition Unit, CRNH Auvergne, 63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France.
authors.forename: Claudine
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Manach
authors.affiliation: University of East Anglia, Norwich Medical School, Norwich NR4 7UQ, United Kingdom.
authors.forename: Anne-Marie
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Minihane
authors.affiliation: Nestlé Institute of Health Sciences, EPFL Innovation Park, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland.
authors.forename: Ellen Siobhan
authors.initials: ES
authors.lastname: Mitchell
authors.affiliation: Imperial College London, South Kensington Campus, SW7 2AZ London, United Kingdom.
authors.forename: Robert
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Perneczky
authors.affiliation: University of Southampton, Tremona Road, SO16 6YD Southampton, United Kingdom.
authors.forename: Hugh
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Perry
authors.affiliation: Joseph Fourier University, Domaine de la Merci, 38706 La Tronche, France.
authors.forename: Anne-Marie
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Roussel
authors.affiliation: International Life Sciences Institute, Europe (ILSI Europe), Av E. Mounier 83, Box 6, 1200 Brussels, Belgium. Electronic address: publications@ilsieurope.be.
authors.forename: Jeroen
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Schuermans
authors.affiliation: Nutricia Research, Nutricia Advances Medical Nutrition, P.O. Box 80141, 3508TC Utrecht, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: John
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Sijben
authors.affiliation: University of Reading, Whiteknights, P.O. Box 217, RG6 6AH Reading, Berkshire, United Kingdom.
authors.forename: Jeremy P E
authors.initials: JP
authors.lastname: Spencer
authors.affiliation: King's College London, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, The Maurice Wohl Clinical Neuroscience Institute, 125 Coldharbour Lane, SE5 9NU London, United Kingdom.
authors.forename: Sandrine
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Thuret
authors.affiliation: Wageningen University, P.O. Box 8129, 6700 EV Wageningen, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Ondine
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: van de Rest
authors.affiliation: University of Antwerp, Leopoldstraat 26, 2000 Antwerpen, Belgium.
authors.forename: Maurits
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Vandewoude
authors.affiliation: Wesnes Cognition Ltd., Little Paddock, Streatley on Thames RG8 9RD, United Kingdom; Department of Psychology, Northumbria University, Newcastle, United Kingdom; Centre for Human Psychopharmacology, Swinburne University, Melbourne, Australia; Medicinal Plant Research Group, Newcastle University, United Kingdom.
authors.forename: Keith
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Wesnes
authors.affiliation: University of Bath, Claverton Down, BA2 7AY Bath, United Kingdom.
authors.forename: Robert J
authors.initials: RJ
authors.lastname: Williams
authors.affiliation: Royal Holloway, University of London, Egham, TW20 0EX Surrey, United Kingdom.
authors.forename: Robin S B
authors.initials: RS
authors.lastname: Williams
authors.affiliation: Abbott Nutrition R&D, Abbott Laboratories, Camino de Purchil 68, 18004 Granada, Spain.
authors.forename: Maria
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Ramirez
mesh_terms: D000375:Aging / Q000502:physiology / Q000523:psychology; D001921:Brain / Q000502:physiology; D003071:Cognition / Q000502:physiology; D003072:Cognition Disorders / Q000178:diet therapy / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000517:prevention & control; D000072001:Diet, Healthy; D006801:Humans; D009410:Nerve Degeneration / Q000517:prevention & control; D009751:Nutritional Requirements; D009753:Nutritive Value / Q000502:physiology
keywords: Cognition; Cognitive ageing; Cognitive decline; Neuroinflammation; Neuroprotection; Preventive diet