title: A comparative study of the hypolipidaemic effects of a new polysaccharide, mannan Candida albicans serotype A, and atorvastatin in mice with poloxamer 407-induced hyperlipidaemia.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  We evaluated the hypolipidaemic effect of mannan Candida albicans serotype A, relative to atorvastatin, in a mouse model of hyperlipidaemia.
  
  
  METHODS
  Mannan serotype A was investigated in vitro and in vivo to determine its effects on macrophage proliferation, nitric oxide (NO) production by cultured macrophages, serum and liver lipids, changes in liver morphology and serum chitotriosidase activity and its expression in the liver.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Mannan serotype A stimulates the macrophage proliferation and NO production in murine peritoneal macrophages in vitro. The activity of serum chitotriosidase (an enzyme released from the activated macrophages) was found to be significantly increased in P-407-induced hyperlipidaemic mice pretreated with low-dose mannan compared with mice administered P-407 only. Mannan treatment in mice was shown to significantly increase the chitotriosidase expression in the liver of both non-hyperlipidaemic and P-407-induced hyperlipidaemic mice. Lastly, mice pretreated with mannan before the induction of hyperlipidaemia with P-407 showed a significant reduction in the serum concentration of atherogenic LDL cholesterol, total cholesterol, triglycerides and liver triglycerides.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  It is suggested that mannan serotype A, like β-glucan, may represent another hypolipidaemic agent, which could potentially be used as an adjunctive therapy with conventional antihyperlipidaemic drugs (statins and fibrates) in humans.
authors.affiliation: Scientific Research Institute of Physiology and Basic Medicine, Novosibirsk, Russia.
authors.forename: Tatyana
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Korolenko
authors.affiliation: Division of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Missouri-Kansas City, Kansas City, MO, USA.
authors.forename: Thomas P
authors.initials: TP
authors.lastname: Johnston
authors.affiliation: Scientific Institute of Clinical and Experimental Lymphology, Novosibirsk, Russia.
authors.forename: Alexander P
authors.initials: AP
authors.lastname: Lykov
authors.affiliation: Institute of Molecular Biology and Biophysics, Novosibirsk, Russia.
authors.forename: Alexandra B
authors.initials: AB
authors.lastname: Shintyapina
authors.affiliation: Scientific Research Institute of Physiology and Basic Medicine, Novosibirsk, Russia.
authors.forename: Marina V
authors.initials: MV
authors.lastname: Khrapova
authors.affiliation: Scientific Research Institute of Physiology and Basic Medicine, Novosibirsk, Russia.
authors.forename: Natalya V
authors.initials: NV
authors.lastname: Goncharova
authors.affiliation: University Canada West, Vancouver, BC, Canada.
authors.forename: Erik
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Korolenko
authors.affiliation: Scientific Institute of Clinical and Experimental Lymphology, Novosibirsk, Russia.
authors.forename: Nataliya P
authors.initials: NP
authors.lastname: Bgatova
authors.affiliation: Institute of Chemistry, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Bratislava, Slovakia.
authors.forename: Eva
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Machova
authors.affiliation: Institute of Chemistry, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Bratislava, Slovakia.
authors.forename: Zuzana
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Nescakova
authors.affiliation: Scientific Institute of Fundamental and Clinical Immunology, Novosibirsk, Russia.
authors.forename: Ludmila V
authors.initials: LV
authors.lastname: Sakhno
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000069059:Atorvastatin / Q000494:pharmacology*; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000097:blood; D049109:Cell Proliferation / Q000187:drug effects; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D015536:Down-Regulation; D006596:Hexosaminidases / Q000378:metabolism; D019161:Hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA Reductase Inhibitors / Q000494:pharmacology*; D006949:Hyperlipidemias / Q000097:blood / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000473:pathology; D066292:Lipid Droplets / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism / Q000648:ultrastructure; D008055:Lipids / Q000097:blood*; D008099:Liver / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000648:ultrastructure; D017737:Macrophages, Peritoneal / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D008297:Male; D008351:Mannans / Q000494:pharmacology*; D008808:Mice, Inbred CBA; D008854:Microscopy, Electron; D009569:Nitric Oxide / Q000378:metabolism; D020442:Poloxamer
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; D019161:Hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA Reductase Inhibitors; D008055:Lipids; D008351:Mannans; D020442:Poloxamer; D009569:Nitric Oxide; D000069059:Atorvastatin; D006596:Hexosaminidases; C086400:chitotriosidase
keywords: autophagy; hyperlipidaemia; macrophages; mannan; poloxamer 407