title: Passive myofunctional therapy applied on children with obstructive sleep apnea: A 6-month follow-up.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Myofunctional therapy is one of the recommended treatments for obstructive sleep apnea, but the level of compliance has often been low in children. This study aims to investigate the therapeutic effect of passive myofunctional therapy using an oral appliance during sleep in children suffering from obstructive sleep apnea.
  
  
  METHODS
  Twenty-nine children who suffered from obstructive sleep apnea were divided into two groups: premature children and full-term children. All children wore an oral device to induce their tongue muscle activity during sleep for 6 months. Polysomnography during sleep was performed before and 1 week after the end of 6-month treatment.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Both groups showed positive polysomnographic changes. Full-term children had a significant decrease in the apnea-hypopnea index, hypopnea index, and percentage of arousals. Prematurely born children had a significant decrease in the apnea-hypopnea index during rapid eye movement sleep and in the mean heart rate during sleep.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Using a specialized oral device to perform myofunctional therapy during sleep may improve the breathing during sleep of children with obstructive sleep apnea.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital at Linkou, Taoyuan, Taiwan; Graduate Institute of Craniofacial and Dental Science, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Li-Chuan
authors.initials: LC
authors.lastname: Chuang
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital at Linkou, Taoyuan, Taiwan; Graduate Institute of Craniofacial and Dental Science, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Yun-Chia
authors.initials: YC
authors.lastname: Lian
authors.affiliation: Orthodontic Institute, Noisy-Lesec, France.
authors.forename: Michèle
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Hervy-Auboiron
authors.affiliation: Stanford University Sleep Medicine Division, Stanford, CA, USA.
authors.forename: Christian
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Guilleminault
authors.affiliation: Department of Child Psychiatry and Sleep Center, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and College of Medicine, Taoyuan, Taiwan. Electronic address: yushuhuang1212@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Yu-Shu
authors.initials: YS
authors.lastname: Huang
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D020247:Myofunctional Therapy; D017286:Polysomnography; D020181:Sleep Apnea, Obstructive / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000628:therapy*
keywords: children; obstructive sleep apnea; oral device; passive myofunctional therapy