title: The Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase Kinase VdPbs2 ofVerticillium dahliaeRegulates Microsclerotia Formation, Stress Response, and Plant Infection.
abstract: Verticillium dahliae, a ubiquitous phytopathogenic fungus, forms resting structures, known as microsclerotia that play crucial roles in Verticillium wilt diseases. VdHog1, a mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK), controls microsclerotia formation, virulence, and stress response inV. dahliae. In this study, we present detailed evidence that the conserved upstream component of VdHog1, VdPbs2, is a key regulator of microsclerotia formation, oxidative stress and fungicide response and plant virulence inV. dahliae. We identified VdPbs2, homologous to the yeast MAPK kinase Pbs2. Similar to theVdHog1deletion mutant,VdPbs2deletion strains exhibited delayed melanin synthesis and reduced formation of microsclerotia. When exposed to stresses,VdPbs2mutants were more sensitive than the wild type to osmotic agents and peroxide, but more resistant to inhibitors of cell wall synthesis and some fungicides. Finally,VdPbs2deletion mutants exhibited reduced virulence on smoke tree and tobacco seedlings. When taken together, we implicate that VdPbs2 and VdHog1 function in a cascade that regulates microsclerotia formation and virulence, but not all VdHog1 dependent functions are VdPbs2 regulated. This study thus provides novel insights into the signal transduction mechanisms that regulate microsclerotia formation and pathogenesis in this fungus.
authors.affiliation: The Key Laboratory for Silviculture and Conservation of Ministry of Education, College of Forestry, Beijing Forestry University Beijing, China.
authors.forename: Longyan
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Tian
authors.affiliation: The Key Laboratory for Silviculture and Conservation of Ministry of Education, College of Forestry, Beijing Forestry University Beijing, China.
authors.forename: Yonglin
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: The Key Laboratory for Silviculture and Conservation of Ministry of Education, College of Forestry, Beijing Forestry University Beijing, China.
authors.forename: Jun
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Yu
authors.affiliation: The Key Laboratory for Silviculture and Conservation of Ministry of Education, College of Forestry, Beijing Forestry University Beijing, China.
authors.forename: Dianguang
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Xiong
authors.affiliation: The Key Laboratory for Silviculture and Conservation of Ministry of Education, College of Forestry, Beijing Forestry University Beijing, China.
authors.forename: Hengjun
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Zhao
authors.affiliation: The Key Laboratory for Silviculture and Conservation of Ministry of Education, College of Forestry, Beijing Forestry University Beijing, China.
authors.forename: Chengming
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Tian
keywords: MAP kinase pathway; Verticillium dahliae; microsclerotia formation; pathogenicity; stress responses