title: An evidence-based review of recent advances in therapy for heart failure with reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF).
abstract: An estimated 5.1 million Americans have chronic heart failure and this is expected to increase 25% by 2030. Heart failure is a clinical syndrome that evolves from either functional or structural changes to the ventricles that lead to filling or ejection abnormalities. Thus far, pharmacotherapy has been show to be beneficial in patients only with reduced ejection fraction; however, new therapies have been developed in hopes of reducing the burden of heart failure. In this review, we will discuss current pharmacotherapies recommended in American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association guidelines, the evidence behind these recommendations as well as new and emerging therapies that have been developed.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, USA.
authors.forename: Leah
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Raj
authors.affiliation: Division of General Internal Medicine & Geriatrics, Department of Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, USA.
authors.forename: Bhavin
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Adhyaru
mesh_terms: D000319:Adrenergic beta-Antagonists / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D000572:American Heart Association; D000577:Amides / Q000627:therapeutic use; D000613:Aminobutyrates / Q000627:therapeutic use; D057911:Angiotensin Receptor Antagonists / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D000806:Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitors / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D000925:Anticoagulants / Q000627:therapeutic use; D000959:Antihypertensive Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use; D009320:Atrial Natriuretic Factor / Q000627:therapeutic use; D001552:Benzazepines / Q000627:therapeutic use; D001713:Biphenyl Compounds; D002121:Calcium Channel Blockers / Q000627:therapeutic use; D002309:Cardiology; D002316:Cardiotonic Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use; D002317:Cardiovascular Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D004077:Digoxin / Q000627:therapeutic use; D004232:Diuretics / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D004338:Drug Combinations; D004921:Erythropoietin / Q000627:therapeutic use; D019317:Evidence-Based Medicine; D005650:Fumarates / Q000627:therapeutic use; D006333:Heart Failure / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000503:physiopathology; D006397:Hematinics / Q000627:therapeutic use; D006801:Humans; D006830:Hydralazine / Q000627:therapeutic use; D019161:Hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA Reductase Inhibitors / Q000627:therapeutic use; D007501:Iron / Q000627:therapeutic use; D007548:Isosorbide Dinitrate / Q000627:therapeutic use; D000077550:Ivabradine; D000451:Mineralocorticoid Receptor Antagonists / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D010446:Peptide Fragments / Q000627:therapeutic use; D010975:Platelet Aggregation Inhibitors / Q000627:therapeutic use; D017410:Practice Guidelines as Topic; D012955:Societies, Medical; D013318:Stroke Volume; D013777:Tetrazoles / Q000627:therapeutic use; D014481:United States; D000068756:Valsartan; D014665:Vasodilator Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use
chemical_list: D000319:Adrenergic beta-Antagonists; D000577:Amides; D000613:Aminobutyrates; D057911:Angiotensin Receptor Antagonists; D000806:Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitors; D000925:Anticoagulants; D000959:Antihypertensive Agents; D001552:Benzazepines; D001713:Biphenyl Compounds; D002121:Calcium Channel Blockers; D002316:Cardiotonic Agents; D002317:Cardiovascular Agents; D004232:Diuretics; D004338:Drug Combinations; D005650:Fumarates; D006397:Hematinics; D019161:Hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA Reductase Inhibitors; D000451:Mineralocorticoid Receptor Antagonists; D010446:Peptide Fragments; D010975:Platelet Aggregation Inhibitors; D013777:Tetrazoles; D014665:Vasodilator Agents; C431665:isosorbide-hydralazine combination; D004921:Erythropoietin; D006830:Hydralazine; D000077550:Ivabradine; C446481:aliskiren; D004077:Digoxin; C056452:Ularitide; D000068756:Valsartan; D009320:Atrial Natriuretic Factor; D007501:Iron; D007548:Isosorbide Dinitrate; C549068:sacubitril and valsartan sodium hydrate drug combination