title: A longitudinal analysis of the overlap between violence and victimization among adults with mental illnesses.
abstract: Prior research suggests considerable overlap of violence perpetration and victimization among adults with mental illnesses. However, there has been no examination of how the likelihood of being a victim and/or perpetrator of violence may change over time, nor consideration of clinically-relevant factors affecting these transitions. In a pooled sample of adults with mental illnesses (N=3,473) we employed latent transition analysis to: (a) determine prevalence of four violence and victimization classifications (i.e., non-victim/non-perpetrator, victim only, perpetrator only, and victim-perpetrator) over a 6-month period; (b) calculate the likelihood that adults with mental illnesses will remain in or transition between these classifications over time; and (c) assess the effects of recent substance use, psychiatric symptoms, and suicidal behaviors on transitions over time. At each time point, the majority of participants identified as non-victim/non-perpetrators, followed by victim-perpetrators, victims only, and perpetrators only. Analyses also revealed many individuals transitioned between classifications over time. These distinct pathways towards, and away from, violent outcomes were, in part, a function of recent violence and/or victimization, as well as substance use, psychiatric symptoms, and suicidal behaviors. Findings inform the identification of adults with mental illnesses at risk of violence and victimization and highlight points of intervention.
authors.affiliation: Behavioral and Urban Health Program, RTI International, USA. Electronic address: kijohnson@rti.org.
authors.forename: Kiersten L
authors.initials: KL
authors.lastname: Johnson
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychology, North Carolina State University, USA.
authors.forename: Sarah L
authors.initials: SL
authors.lastname: Desmarais
authors.affiliation: Risk Behavior and Family Research, RTI International, USA.
authors.forename: Stephen J
authors.initials: SJ
authors.lastname: Tueller
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychology, Arizona State University, USA.
authors.forename: Kevin J
authors.initials: KJ
authors.lastname: Grimm
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry & Behavioral Sciences, Duke University Medical Center, USA.
authors.forename: Marvin S
authors.initials: MS
authors.lastname: Swartz
authors.affiliation: Behavioral and Urban Health Program, RTI International, USA.
authors.forename: Richard A
authors.initials: RA
authors.lastname: Van Dorn
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D019548:Crime Victims / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008137:Longitudinal Studies; D008297:Male; D001523:Mental Disorders / Q000453:epidemiology*; D008875:Middle Aged; D015995:Prevalence; D019966:Substance-Related Disorders / Q000453:epidemiology; D059020:Suicidal Ideation; D013406:Suicide, Attempted / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D014754:Violence / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D055815:Young Adult