title: Cytokine and human leukocyte antigen (HLA) profile for graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) after organ transplantation.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) after liver and kidney transplantation has high mortality and causes diagnostic challenges. This study aims to describe the cytokine and human leukocyte antigen (HLA) profile in the GVHD after liver and kidney transplantation.
  
  
  METHODS
  A high-throughput detection kit was applied and altogether 18 different cytokines were tested simultaneously. GVHD patients included 23 post-liver transplantation patients; 22 post-renal transplantation patients; The control patients include 22 hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) patients without transplantation and 20 healthy controls. Their HLA characters were compared.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The full spectrum of cytokines was present. The inflammatory markers were activated significantly in liver transplantation. The level of inflammatory markers in liver transplantation was higher than that in renal transplantation, HCC or healthy controls. GVHD was associated with the HLA characters; HLA characters are involved in liver GVHD occurrence and act as risk factors.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our findings confirmed that the inflammatory cytokines play a pathogenic role in GVHD and can be used as early diagnostic markers. The HLA mismatch acts as a risk factor in liver transplantation to predict GVHD occurrence.
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of Combined Multi-organ Transplantation, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Ministry of Public Health, Hangzhou, China.|The Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, 79 Qingchun Road, Hangzhou, 310003, Zhejiang, China.
authors.forename: Xinhua
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of Combined Multi-organ Transplantation, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Ministry of Public Health, Hangzhou, China.|The Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, 79 Qingchun Road, Hangzhou, 310003, Zhejiang, China.
authors.forename: Xueqin
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Meng
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of Combined Multi-organ Transplantation, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Ministry of Public Health, Hangzhou, China.|The Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, 79 Qingchun Road, Hangzhou, 310003, Zhejiang, China.
authors.forename: Yuning
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Xu
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of Combined Multi-organ Transplantation, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Ministry of Public Health, Hangzhou, China.|The Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, 79 Qingchun Road, Hangzhou, 310003, Zhejiang, China.
authors.forename: Haiyang
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Xie
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of Combined Multi-organ Transplantation, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Ministry of Public Health, Hangzhou, China.|The Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, 79 Qingchun Road, Hangzhou, 310003, Zhejiang, China.
authors.forename: Shengyong
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Yin
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of Hepatobiliary Disease in Shenzhen, Shenzhen, 518112, China.
authors.forename: Hongchun
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of Combined Multi-organ Transplantation, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Ministry of Public Health, Hangzhou, China. wlm@zju.edu.cn.|The Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, 79 Qingchun Road, Hangzhou, 310003, Zhejiang, China. wlm@zju.edu.cn.
authors.forename: Liming
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Wu
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of Combined Multi-organ Transplantation, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Ministry of Public Health, Hangzhou, China. shusenzheng@zju.edu.cn.|The Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, 79 Qingchun Road, Hangzhou, 310003, Zhejiang, China. shusenzheng@zju.edu.cn.
authors.forename: Shusen
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Zheng
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000097:blood; D006528:Carcinoma, Hepatocellular / Q000097:blood / Q000276:immunology; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D016207:Cytokines / Q000097:blood*; D005260:Female; D006086:Graft vs Host Disease / Q000097:blood / Q000276:immunology* / Q000473:pathology; D006680:HLA Antigens / Q000097:blood*; D006801:Humans; D016030:Kidney Transplantation / Q000009:adverse effects*; D008113:Liver Neoplasms / Q000097:blood / Q000276:immunology; D016031:Liver Transplantation / Q000009:adverse effects*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D012867:Skin / Q000473:pathology
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; D016207:Cytokines; D006680:HLA Antigens
keywords: Cytokine; Graft-versus-host disease (GVHD); High-throughput; Human leukocyte antigen (HLA); Multiplex immunoassay; Transplantation