title: Electrosprayed Janus Particles for Combined Photo-Chemotherapy.
abstract: This work is a proof of concept study establishing the potential of electrosprayed Janus particles for combined photodynamic therapy-chemotherapy. Sub-micron-sized particles of polyvinylpyrrolidone containing either an anti-cancer drug (carmofur) or a photosensitiser (rose bengal; RB), and Janus particles containing both in separate compartments were prepared. The functional components were present in the amorphous form in all the particles, and infrared spectroscopy indicated that intermolecular interactions formed between the different species. In vitro drug release studies showed that both carmofur and RB were released at approximately the same rate, with dissolution complete after around 250 min. Cytotoxicity studies were undertaken on model human dermal fibroblasts (HDF) and lung cancer (A549) cells, and the influence of light on cell death explored. Formulations containing carmofur as the sole active ingredient were highly toxic to both cell lines, with or without a light treatment. The RB formulations were non-toxic to HDF when no light was applied, and with photo-treatment caused large amounts of cell death for both A549 and HDF cells. The Janus formulation containing both RB and carmofur was non-toxic to HDF without light, and only slightly toxic with the photo-treatment. In contrast, it was hugely toxic to A549 cells when light was applied. The Janus particles are thus highly selective for cancer cells, and it is hence proposed that such electrosprayed particles containing both a chemotherapeutic agent and photosensitiser have great potential in combined chemotherapy/photodynamic therapy.
authors.affiliation: UCL School of Pharmacy, 29-39 Brunswick Square, London, WC1N 1AX, UK.
authors.forename: Brenda
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Sanchez-Vazquez
authors.affiliation: UCL School of Pharmacy, 29-39 Brunswick Square, London, WC1N 1AX, UK.
authors.forename: Adérito J R
authors.initials: AJR
authors.lastname: Amaral
authors.affiliation: School of Materials Science & Engineering, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200093, China. ydg017@usst.edu.cn.
authors.forename: Deng-Guang
authors.initials: DG
authors.lastname: Yu
authors.affiliation: UCL School of Pharmacy, 29-39 Brunswick Square, London, WC1N 1AX, UK. g.pasparakis@ucl.ac.uk.
authors.forename: George
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Pasparakis
authors.affiliation: UCL School of Pharmacy, 29-39 Brunswick Square, London, WC1N 1AX, UK. g.williams@ucl.ac.uk.
authors.forename: Gareth R
authors.initials: GR
authors.lastname: Williams
mesh_terms: D000072283:A549 Cells / Q000187:drug effects; D000970:Antineoplastic Agents / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology; D005472:Fluorouracil / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology; D006801:Humans; D010316:Particle Size; D010592:Pharmaceutic Aids / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology; D010778:Photochemotherapy / Q000379:methods*; D017319:Photosensitizing Agents / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology; D011205:Povidone / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology; D012395:Rose Bengal / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology
chemical_list: D000970:Antineoplastic Agents; D010592:Pharmaceutic Aids; D017319:Photosensitizing Agents; D012395:Rose Bengal; D011205:Povidone; C017367:carmofur; D005472:Fluorouracil
keywords: chemotherapy; electrospraying; janus particles; photodynamic therapy