title: Urological complications after renal transplantation - a single centre experience.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Urological complications after renal transplantation occur in between 2.5% and 30% of all graft recipients. The aim of the study was to present 7 years of experience in urological treatment of patients with a transplanted kidney. We aimed to identify retrospectively late urological complications in renal transplant recipients at a single center and analyze the treatment modalities and their outcome.
  
  
  METHODS
  Between January 2008 and December 2014, a total of 58 patients after KTX were treated in the Department of Urology because of post-transplant urological complications that occurred during follow-up at the Transplant Outpatient Department. Retrieved data were analysed in retrospectively.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In the group of 38 patients with ureteral stenosis (Clavien grade III), 29 patients underwent endoscopy, 8 open surgical procedures and one both endoscopic and open operation. Ten patients were admitted with symptomatic lymphocoele (Clavien III), of which 9 were successfully treated with drainage and one with surgical marsupialization. Because of urolithiasis in the grafted kidney (Clavien grade III), 4 patients were treated with ureterorenoscopic lithotripsy (URSL) and one only with the extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy (ESWL) procedure. Five urethral strictures plasties and one graftectomy because of purulent pyelonephritis were also conducted. The average age in the group of recipients who experienced urologic complications was similar (46.1vs.47.8) to those without complications. There was no vesicoureteral reflux or ureteral necrosis requiring surgical intervention, no graft loss and death related to urological complication and treatment.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Most complications could be successfully treated with endourological procedures. The kidney function improved in the majority of patients.
authors.affiliation: Urology and Oncological Urology Department, Wrocław Medical University, Wrocław, Poland.
authors.forename: Wojciech
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Krajewski
authors.affiliation: Urology and Oncological Urology Department, Wrocław Medical University, Wrocław, Poland.
authors.forename: Janusz
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Dembowski
authors.affiliation: Urology and Oncological Urology Department, Wrocław Medical University, Wrocław, Poland.
authors.forename: Anna
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Kołodziej
authors.affiliation: Urology and Oncological Urology Department, Wrocław Medical University, Wrocław, Poland.
authors.forename: Bartosz
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Małkiewicz
authors.affiliation: Urology and Oncological Urology Department, Wrocław Medical University, Wrocław, Poland.
authors.forename: Krzysztof
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Tupikowski
authors.affiliation: Urology and Oncological Urology Department, Wrocław Medical University, Wrocław, Poland.
authors.forename: Michał
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Matuszewski
authors.affiliation: Department of Vascular, General and Transplant Surgery, Wrocław Medical University, Wrocław, Poland.
authors.forename: Paweł
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Chudoba
authors.affiliation: Department of Nephrology and Transplantation Medicine, Wrocław Medical University, Wrocław, Poland.
authors.forename: Maria
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Boratyńska
authors.affiliation: Department of Nephrology and Transplantation Medicine, Wrocław Medical University, Wrocław, Poland.
authors.forename: Marian
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Klinger
authors.affiliation: Urology and Oncological Urology Department, Wrocław Medical University, Wrocław, Poland.
authors.forename: Romuald
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Zdrojowy
keywords: complications; renal transplantation