title: Are We Economically Efficient Enough to Increase the Potential ofin VitroProliferation of Osteoblasts by Means of Pharmacochemical Agents?
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The aim of this study was to test the necessity of using expensive and unaccesible pharmacological-chemical agents in the proliferation of bone tissue cultures and in the induction of mineralized matrix formation to increase the osteogenic effect.
  
  
  METHODS
  For this purpose, human primary cell cultures were prepared and then divided into two groups. Whereas the cells in group I were fed with an osteoblast stimulator medium containing Dulbecco's Modified Eagle Medium (DMEM) and β-glycerophosphate, the cells in group II were fed with DMEM containing dexamethasone and 2-phospho-L-ascorbic acid trisodium salt. Both groups were evaluated in terms of viability, toxicity, and proliferation and then compared in terms of cell surface morphology through inverted light and environmental scanning electron microscopy. In addition to immunoflow cytometric analyses, the effects of alkaline phosphatase activities were evaluated using the spectrophotometric method to examine the osteoblastic activities. Costs were calculated in the currency of the European Union (Euros). The Tukey Honestly Significant Difference test was used to reach the statistical evaluation of the data after the analysis of variance.
  
  
  RESULTS
  It was reported that the level of the alkaline phosphates was higher in group I compared to group II. It was observed that the surface morphology quality, the number of living cells, and proliferation were higher in group II and that the results were deemed statistically significant.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  It was found that the 2-phospho-L-ascorbic acid trisodium salt and dexamethasone mixture was as effective as the expensive commercial kits on the osteogenic effect on human primary bone tissue.
authors.affiliation: Department of Orthopaedic and Traumatology, Istanbul Medipol University School of Medicine, 34214, Istanbul, Turkey.
authors.forename: Mehmet
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Isyar
authors.affiliation: General Secretariat of the Public Hospitals Union, Republic of Turkey, Ministry of Health, 59100, Tekirdag, Turkey.
authors.forename: Seyit Ali
authors.initials: SA
authors.lastname: Gumustas
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacovigilance, Materiovigilance and Rational Use of Drugs, State Hospital, Republic of Turkey, Ministry of Health, 59100, Tekirdag, Turkey.
authors.forename: Ibrahim
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Yilmaz
authors.affiliation: Department of Molecular Biology and Genetic, Namik Kemal University, Faculty of Arts and Sciences, 59100, Tekirdag, Turkey.
authors.forename: Duygu Yasar
authors.initials: DY
authors.lastname: Sirin
authors.affiliation: Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Adiyaman University School of Medicine, 02000, Adıyaman, Turkey.
authors.forename: Hacı Bayram
authors.initials: HB
authors.lastname: Tosun
authors.affiliation: Department of Orthopaedic and Traumatology, Istanbul Medipol University School of Medicine, 34214, Istanbul, Turkey.
authors.forename: Mahir
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Mahirogullari
keywords: 2-phospho-l-ascorbic acid trisodium salt; Cell differentiation; Cost effectiveness; Dexamethasone; Osteogenic effect; Proliferation