title: Higher dermal exposure of cashiers to BPA and its association with DNA oxidative damage.
abstract: Bisphenol A (BPA) is a widely used chemical in the production of many polycarbonate plastics, epoxy resin linings for food and beverage containers and thermal papers. Oral intakes from the contaminated diets were considered as the predominant source of BPA exposure for humans. However, due to the high levels of BPA on thermal receipts and their wide applications in our daily life, the amount of BPA be transferred to the skin after holding thermal paper should not be underestimated, particularly for cashiers. To investigate the contribution of BPA exposure levels via the dermal contact route and the relationship between BPA exposure level and oxidative DNA damage, six male volunteers were recruited and required to simulate the cashiers' work and handle the thermal receipts during the study period. Triclosan (TCS, an antimicrobial compound used widely in personal health and skin care products) was applied as a reference compound. Their urinary BPA, TCS and 8-hydroxy-2'-deoxyguanosine (8-OHdG) concentrations were determined by high performance liquid chromatography/ tandem spectrometer (LC/MS/MS). The results showed that after handling the thermal receipts, the urinary BPA concentrations of volunteers increased 3 times of those before the experimental period. But TCS levels in urine kept stable. There existed a correlation between BPA exposure and 8-OHdG (R2=0.237, p<0.001), but not between TCS and 8-OHdG concentrations (R2=0.026, p<0.777), indicating that more BPA exposure could lead to higher oxidative DNA damage. That the increases in 8-OHdG levels in urine being almost consistent with those of BPA suggested that handling thermal receipts resulted in the increasing BPA intakes and BPA exposure was correlated with DNA oxidative damage. After 48h of the end of handling thermal receipts, the urinary BPA levels did not descend to the levels before experiment, suggesting that the excretion of BPA via dermal contact was over 48h. BPA exposure through dermal contact route contributed 51.9% to 84% to urinary BPA levels with the GM ratio of 70.9% for cashiers, indicating that it might be seriously underestimated for cashiers according to the previous studies. More attentions should be paid on the exposure of BPA via dermal penetration for cashiers.
authors.affiliation: Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Subtropical Biodiversity and Biomonitoring, School of Life Science, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510631, China.
authors.forename: Yanshan
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Lv
authors.affiliation: Shenzhen Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Shenzhen 518055, China.
authors.forename: Shaoyou
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Lu
authors.affiliation: Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Subtropical Biodiversity and Biomonitoring, School of Life Science, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510631, China.
authors.forename: Yanyan
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Dai
authors.affiliation: Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Subtropical Biodiversity and Biomonitoring, School of Life Science, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510631, China.
authors.forename: Caiyan
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Rui
authors.affiliation: Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Subtropical Biodiversity and Biomonitoring, School of Life Science, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510631, China.
authors.forename: Yongjun
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Subtropical Biodiversity and Biomonitoring, School of Life Science, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510631, China.
authors.forename: Yuanxiu
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Zhou
authors.affiliation: Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Subtropical Biodiversity and Biomonitoring, School of Life Science, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510631, China.
authors.forename: Yanru
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Subtropical Biodiversity and Biomonitoring, School of Life Science, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510631, China.
authors.forename: Qihua
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Pang
authors.affiliation: Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Subtropical Biodiversity and Biomonitoring, School of Life Science, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510631, China; Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Environmental Exposure and Health, School of Environment, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China. Electronic address: 20001047@m.scnu.edu.cn.
authors.forename: Ruifang
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Fan
mesh_terms: D000080242:8-Hydroxy-2'-Deoxyguanosine; D000328:Adult; D001559:Benzhydryl Compounds / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000652:urine; D002851:Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; D004249:DNA Damage; D003849:Deoxyguanosine / Q000031:analogs & derivatives / Q000652:urine; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D016273:Occupational Exposure / Q000032:analysis*; D010084:Oxidation-Reduction; D010209:Paper; D010636:Phenols / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000652:urine; D012869:Skin Absorption; D053719:Tandem Mass Spectrometry; D014260:Triclosan / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000652:urine; D055815:Young Adult; D000098826:Bisphenol A Compounds
chemical_list: D000080242:8-Hydroxy-2'-Deoxyguanosine; D001559:Benzhydryl Compounds; D003849:Deoxyguanosine; D010636:Phenols; D014260:Triclosan; C006780:bisphenol A; D000098826:Bisphenol A Compounds
keywords: 8-hydroxy-2′-deoxyguanosine; Bisphenol A; Dermal absorption; Urine