title: Infectious bacterial pathogens, parasites and pathological correlations of sewage pollution as an important threat to farmed fishes in Egypt.
abstract: This paper is a part of a multi-disciplinary research "Application of Decentralized On-Site Water Treatment System in Egypt for Use in Agriculture and Producing Safe Fish and Animal Proteins". The project aimed to investigate the environmental impact of implementing sewage water before and after treatment using the effluent of the on-site decentralized Japanese' Johkasou system, in agriculture and producing fish protein. The aim is to establish such system in Egypt to strengthen the sanitary conditions of water resources. In the present study, the impact of the sewage pollution in some fish farms at El-Fayyum, Port Said and El-Dakahlia governorates in Egypt was carried out. Water and fish (Oreochromis niloticus and Mugil cephalus) samples were collected from private fish farms of such localities. Bacteriological and chemical examination of water samples revealed the existence of coliforms and many other bacterial species of significant human health hazards. The chemical parameters of water showed a marked deviation from normal levels while examination of fish flesh specimens indicated contamination with Streptococcus Sp., Staphylococcus Sp., and Salmonella in all examined localities. Other bacterial isolates of human health importance (Morganella morganii, Pseudomonas cepacia and Enterococcos durans) were identified. The parasitological examination revealed the presence of encysted metacercariae (EMC); Diplostomatidae, Prohemistomatidae and Heterphyidae. Moreover, two protozoan parasites (Mxyoboulus tilapiae and Ichthyophthirius multifilis) were also recorded. The histopathological examination revealed mild tissue reaction in case of bacterial infection and severe pathological lesions in different organs in case of EMC infection. Lamellar hyperplasia and mononuclear cell infiltration in branchial tissue was common findings. In skeletal muscles, atrophy of muscle fibres, myolysis and myophagia were detected.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, Egypt. Electronic address: mahmoudaly@cu.edu.eg.
authors.forename: Mahmoud A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Mahmoud
authors.affiliation: Department of Fish Diseases and Management, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, Egypt.
authors.forename: Mohamed
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Abdelsalam
authors.affiliation: Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, Egypt.
authors.forename: Olfat A
authors.initials: OA
authors.lastname: Mahdy
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, Egypt.
authors.forename: Hala M F
authors.initials: HMF
authors.lastname: El Miniawy
authors.affiliation: Department of Veterinary Hygiene and Management, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, Egypt.
authors.forename: Zakia A M
authors.initials: ZAM
authors.lastname: Ahmed
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, Egypt.
authors.forename: Ahmed H
authors.initials: AH
authors.lastname: Osman
authors.affiliation: Department of Food Hygiene and Control, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, Egypt.
authors.forename: Hussein M H
authors.initials: HMH
authors.lastname: Mohamed
authors.affiliation: Department of Botany, Faculty of Agriculture, Cairo University, Egypt.
authors.forename: A M
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Khattab
authors.affiliation: Department of Physics, Faculty of Science, Cairo University, Egypt.
authors.forename: M A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Zaki Ewiss
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D017756:Aquaculture; D004534:Egypt; D004777:Environment; D005393:Fish Diseases / Q000382:microbiology* / Q000469:parasitology*; D007564:Japan; D012722:Sewage / Q000382:microbiology* / Q000469:parasitology*; D014876:Water Pollution / Q000009:adverse effects*
chemical_list: D012722:Sewage
keywords: Egypt; Enterococcus; Fish; Morganella; Pseudomonas; Water pollution