title: Adhesion of multimode adhesives to enamel and dentin after one year of water storage.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  This study aimed to evaluate the ultramorphological characteristics of tooth-resin interfaces and the bond strength (BS) of multimode adhesive systems to enamel and dentin.
  
  
  METHODS
  Multimode adhesives (Scotchbond Universal (SBU) and All-Bond Universal) were tested in both self-etch and etch-and-rinse modes and compared to control groups (Optibond FL and Clearfil SE Bond (CSB)). Adhesives were applied to human molars and composite blocks were incrementally built up. Teeth were sectioned to obtain specimens for microtensile BS and TEM analysis. Specimens were tested after storage for either 24 h or 1 year. SEM analyses were performed to classify the failure pattern of beam specimens after BS testing.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Etching increased the enamel BS of multimode adhesives; however, BS decreased after storage for 1 year. No significant differences in dentin BS were noted between multimode and control in either evaluation period. Storage for 1 year only reduced the dentin BS for SBU in self-etch mode. TEM analysis identified hybridization and interaction zones in dentin and enamel for all adhesives. Silver impregnation was detected on dentin-resin interfaces after storage of specimens for 1 year only with the SBU and CSB.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Storage for 1 year reduced enamel BS when adhesives are applied on etched surface; however, BS of multimode adhesives did not differ from those of the control group. In dentin, no significant difference was noted between the multimode and control group adhesives, regardless of etching mode.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In general, multimode adhesives showed similar behavior when compared to traditional adhesive techniques. Multimode adhesives are one-step self-etching adhesives that can also be used after enamel/dentin phosphoric acid etching, but each product may work better in specific conditions.
authors.affiliation: Operative Dentistry Division, Department of Restorative Dentistry, Piracicaba Dental School, State University of Campinas, Av. Limeira, 901, Piracicaba, SP, 13414-903, Brazil.
authors.forename: Paulo Moreira
authors.initials: PM
authors.lastname: Vermelho
authors.affiliation: Department of Operative Dentistry, School of Dentistry, University of Guarulhos, R. Nilo Peçanha 81, Guarrulhos, SP, 07011-040, Brazil.
authors.forename: André Figueiredo
authors.initials: AF
authors.lastname: Reis
authors.affiliation: Department of Social Dentistry, Piracicaba Dental School, State University of Campinas, Av. Limeira, 901, Piracicaba, SP, 13414-903, Brazil.
authors.forename: Glaucia Maria Bovi
authors.initials: GMB
authors.lastname: Ambrosano
authors.affiliation: Operative Dentistry Division, Department of Restorative Dentistry, Piracicaba Dental School, State University of Campinas, Av. Limeira, 901, Piracicaba, SP, 13414-903, Brazil. giannini@fop.unicamp.br.
authors.forename: Marcelo
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Giannini
mesh_terms: D000134:Acid Etching, Dental; D003188:Composite Resins; D001840:Dental Bonding / Q000379:methods*; D003738:Dental Cements / Q000737:chemistry*; D003743:Dental Enamel / Q000737:chemistry*; D006801:Humans; D066298:In Vitro Techniques; D008422:Materials Testing; D008689:Methacrylates; D008854:Microscopy, Electron; D008963:Molar; D019279:Resin Cements; D013499:Surface Properties; D013718:Tensile Strength; D014867:Water / Q000737:chemistry*
chemical_list: C074864:All-Bond system; C438313:Clearfil SE Bond; D003188:Composite Resins; D003738:Dental Cements; D008689:Methacrylates; C469607:OptiBond FL; D019279:Resin Cements; D014867:Water; C041330:Scotchbond
keywords: Adhesive system; Bond strength; Dentin; Enamel; Phosphoric acid etching; Transmission electron microscopy