title: Decreased Physical Activity Associated with Executive Dysfunction Correlates with Cognitive Impairment among Older Adults in the Community: A Retrospective Analysis from the Kurihara Project.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  No previous studies have explored the relationship between physical activity (PA) and executive dysfunction.
  
  
  METHODS
  We retrospectively evaluated the PA for 590 older participants in the Kurihara Project; 221 participants had a Clinical Dementia Rating (CDR) of 0 (healthy), 295 CDR 0.5 (very mild dementia), and 74 CDR 1+ (dementia).
  
  
  RESULTS
  In the complicated task, whether the motor intensity was high (e.g. farming) or low (e.g. shopping), PA exhibited an inverse relationship with the CDR level. By contrast, for simple tasks with high intensity (e.g. walking), no CDR group differences were noted. For PA with low intensity (e.g. cleaning), the CDR 1+ group exhibited decreased levels.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  PA was related to the burden of executive function in patients with mild cognitive impairment; however, in patients with dementia, PA was related to both the burden of executive function and motor intensity.
authors.affiliation: Division of Geriatric Behavioral Neurology, CYRIC, Tohoku University Sendai, Japan.
authors.forename: Yoritoshi
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Kobayashi
authors.affiliation: Division of Geriatric Behavioral Neurology, CYRIC, Tohoku University Sendai, Japan.
authors.forename: Yumi
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Takahashi
authors.affiliation: Division of Geriatric Behavioral Neurology, CYRIC, Tohoku University Sendai, Japan.
authors.forename: Takashi
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Seki
authors.affiliation: Division of Geriatric Behavioral Neurology, CYRIC, Tohoku University Sendai, Japan.
authors.forename: Tomohiro
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Kaneta
authors.affiliation: Division of Geriatric Behavioral Neurology, CYRIC, Tohoku University Sendai, Japan.
authors.forename: Kenichi
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Amarume
authors.affiliation: Division of Geriatric Behavioral Neurology, CYRIC, Tohoku University Sendai, Japan.
authors.forename: Mari
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kasai
authors.affiliation: Division of Geriatric Behavioral Neurology, CYRIC, Tohoku University Sendai, Japan.
authors.forename: Kenichi
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Meguro
keywords: Clinical Dementia Rating; Dementia; Executive function; Mild cognitive impairment; Physical activity; Retrospective study