title: Multi-parameter machine learning approach to the neuroanatomical basis of developmental dyslexia.
abstract: Despite decades of research, the anatomical abnormalities associated with developmental dyslexia are still not fully described. Studies have focused on between-group comparisons in which different neuroanatomical measures were generally explored in isolation, disregarding potential interactions between regions and measures. Here, for the first time a multivariate classification approach was used to investigate grey matter disruptions in children with dyslexia in a large (N = 236) multisite sample. A variety of cortical morphological features, including volumetric (volume, thickness and area) and geometric (folding index and mean curvature) measures were taken into account and generalizability of classification was assessed with both 10-fold and leave-one-out cross validation (LOOCV) techniques. Classification into control vs. dyslexic subjects achieved above chance accuracy (AUC = 0.66 and ACC = 0.65 in the case of 10-fold CV, and AUC = 0.65 and ACC = 0.64 using LOOCV) after principled feature selection. Features that discriminated between dyslexic and control children were exclusively situated in the left hemisphere including superior and middle temporal gyri, subparietal sulcus and prefrontal areas. They were related to geometric properties of the cortex, with generally higher mean curvature and a greater folding index characterizing the dyslexic group. Our results support the hypothesis that an atypical curvature pattern with extra folds in left hemispheric perisylvian regions characterizes dyslexia. Hum Brain Mapp 38:900-908, 2017. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Radioelectronics, Warsaw University of Technology, Poland.
authors.forename: Piotr
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Płoński
authors.affiliation: Institute of Radioelectronics, Warsaw University of Technology, Poland.|Imagilys SPRL, Brussels, Belgium.
authors.forename: Wojciech
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Gradkowski
authors.affiliation: Laboratoire de Sciences Cognitives et Psycholinguistique, Département d'Etudes Cognitives, Ecole Normale Supérieure, EHESS, CNRS, PSL Research University, Paris, France.|FPSE, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland.
authors.forename: Irene
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Altarelli
authors.affiliation: Cognitive Neuroimaging Unit, Gif sur Yvette, 91191 France; CEA, DSV, I2BM, Neurospin center, INSERM, Gif sur Yvette, 91191 France; University Paris 11, Orsay, France.
authors.forename: Karla
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Monzalvo
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy, and Psychosomatics, Medical Faculty, RWTH Aachen, Germany.|SRH University of Applied Sciences for Health Gera GmbH, Gera, Germany.
authors.forename: Muna
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: van Ermingen-Marbach
authors.affiliation: Section Clinical and Cognitive Neurosciences, Department of Neurology, Medical Faculty, RWTH Aachen, Germany.
authors.forename: Marion
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Grande
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy, and Psychosomatics, Medical Faculty, RWTH Aachen, Germany.|Research Centre Jülich, Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine (INM-1), Jülich, Germany.
authors.forename: Stefan
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Heim
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Brain Imaging (LOBI), Neurobiology Center, Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland.
authors.forename: Artur
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Marchewka
authors.affiliation: Institute of Radioelectronics, Warsaw University of Technology, Poland.
authors.forename: Piotr
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Bogorodzki
authors.affiliation: Laboratoire de Sciences Cognitives et Psycholinguistique, Département d'Etudes Cognitives, Ecole Normale Supérieure, EHESS, CNRS, PSL Research University, Paris, France.
authors.forename: Franck
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Ramus
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Psychophysiology, Department of Neurophysiology, Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland.
authors.forename: Katarzyna
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Jednoróg
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000465:Algorithms; D019540:Area Under Curve; D001931:Brain Mapping; D002540:Cerebral Cortex / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000473:pathology*; D002648:Child; D016208:Databases, Factual; D004410:Dyslexia / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000473:pathology*; D005260:Female; D005602:France; D007839:Functional Laterality; D005858:Germany; D006801:Humans; D000069550:Machine Learning; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging; D008297:Male; D011044:Poland
keywords: brain anatomy; developmental dyslexia; grey matter; machine learning; reading impairment