title: Evaluation of wound healing property of Caesalpinia mimosoides Lam.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Caesalpinia mimosoides Lam. is one of the important traditional folk medicinal plants in the treatment of skin diseases and wounds used by healers of Uttara Kannada district of Karnataka state (India). However scientific validation of documented traditional knowledge related to medicinal plants is an important path in current scenario to fulfill the increasing demand of herbal medicine.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  The study was carried out to evaluate the claimed uses of Caesalpinia mimosoides using antimicrobial, wound healing and antioxidant activities followed by detection of possible active bio-constituents.
  
  
  METHODS
  Extracts prepared by hot percolation method were subjected to preliminary phytochemical analysis followed by antimicrobial activity using MIC assay. In vivo wound healing activity was evaluated by circular excision and linear incision wound models. The extract with significant antimicrobial and wound healing activity was investigated for antioxidant capacity using DPPH, nitric oxide, antilipid peroxidation and total antioxidant activity methods. Total phenolic and flavonoid contents were also determined by Folin-Ciocalteu, Swain and Hillis methods. Possible bio-active constituents were identified by GC-MS technique. RP-UFLC-DAD analysis was carried out to quantify ethyl gallate and gallic acid in the plant extract.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Preliminary phytochemical analysis showed positive results for ethanol and aqueous extracts for all the chemical constituents. The ethanol extract proved potent antimicrobial activity against both bacterial and fungal skin pathogens compared to other extracts. The efficacy of topical application of potent ethanol extract and traditionally used aqueous extracts was evidenced by the complete re-epithelization of the epidermal layer with increased percentage of wound contraction in a shorter period. However, aqueous extract failed to perform a consistent effect in the histopathological assessment. Ethanol extract showed effective scavenging activity against DPPH and nitric oxide free radicals with an expressive amount of phenolic and moderate concentration of flavonoid contents. Ethyl gallate and gallic acid were found to be the probable bio-active compounds evidenced by GCMS and RP-UFLC-DAD analysis.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The study revealed the significant antimicrobial, wound healing and antioxidant activities of tender parts of C. mimosoides and proved the traditional folklore knowledge.
authors.affiliation: P.G. Department of Studies in Botany, Karnatak University, Dharwad 580003, India. Electronic address: bhat.pradeep08@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Pradeep Bhaskar
authors.initials: PB
authors.lastname: Bhat
authors.affiliation: P.G. Department of Studies in Botany, Karnatak University, Dharwad 580003, India.
authors.forename: Shruti
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Hegde
authors.affiliation: Regional Medical Research Centre, Indian Council of Medical Research, Nehru Nagar, Belagavi 590010, India.
authors.forename: Vinayak
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Upadhya
authors.affiliation: P.G. Department of Studies in Botany, Karnatak University, Dharwad 580003, India.
authors.forename: Ganesh R
authors.initials: GR
authors.lastname: Hegde
authors.affiliation: Soniya Education Trust's College of Pharmacy, Sangolli Rayanna Nagar, Dharwad 580002, India.
authors.forename: Prasanna V
authors.initials: PV
authors.lastname: Habbu
authors.affiliation: P.G. Department of Studies in Botany, Karnatak University, Dharwad 580003, India.
authors.forename: Gangadhar S
authors.initials: GS
authors.lastname: Mulgund
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000890:Anti-Infective Agents / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000627:therapeutic use* / Q000633:toxicity; D000975:Antioxidants / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000378:metabolism / Q000627:therapeutic use* / Q000633:toxicity; D001713:Biphenyl Compounds / Q000737:chemistry; D029911:Caesalpinia / Q000737:chemistry*; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D005260:Female; D007194:India; D015227:Lipid Peroxidation / Q000187:drug effects; D008297:Male; D008519:Medicine, Traditional; D008826:Microbial Sensitivity Tests; D010851:Picrates / Q000737:chemistry; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use* / Q000633:toxicity; D018515:Plant Leaves / Q000737:chemistry; D018520:Plant Shoots / Q000737:chemistry; D010946:Plants, Medicinal / Q000737:chemistry; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D012867:Skin / Q000187:drug effects / Q000293:injuries*; D012871:Skin Diseases / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000382:microbiology / Q000473:pathology; D014945:Wound Healing / Q000187:drug effects*
chemical_list: D000890:Anti-Infective Agents; D000975:Antioxidants; D001713:Biphenyl Compounds; D010851:Picrates; D010936:Plant Extracts; C004931:1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl
keywords: Caesalpinia mimosoides; Skin disease; Traditional knowledge; Uttara Kannada; Western Ghats; Wound