title: Surface-enhanced Raman probe for rapid nanoextraction and detection of erythropoietin in urine.
abstract: We present a surface-enhanced Raman probe (SERS) platform for the determination of a prohibited substance, recombinant erythropoietin (rEPO), in urine matrix, using nanoparticles as substrate. Rod-shaped gold nanoparticles (GNR) were modified with a Raman label and an antibody as SERS probe. We developed two SERS-based immunoassays for detection and quantification of rEPO in urine. In the first assay, rEPO was determined by a sandwich assay with gold surfaces and GNR. In the second assay, rEPO was extracted by using core shell-structured magnetic iron oxide gold nanoparticles, and again sandwich assay was performed by using GNR. We also demonstrated the ability of the proposed method to discriminate rEPO and urinary erythropoietin (uEPO). A good linear correlation was obtained between logarithms of rEPO concentrations in urine and Raman intensities within the range of 10-1-103pg mL-1rEPO concentrations. Detection limits which are smaller than 0.1 pg mL-1levels were achieved owing to the high extractive performance of the nanoextraction techniques. Graphical Abstract Schematic represantation of surface-enhanced Raman probe for rapid nanoextraction and detection of erythropoietin.
authors.affiliation: Turkish Doping Control Center, Hacettepe University, Sihhiye, 06100, Ankara, Turkey.
authors.forename: Yesim Somay
authors.initials: YS
authors.lastname: Selbes
authors.affiliation: Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ankara University, 06100, Ankara, Turkey.
authors.forename: Mehmet Gokhan
authors.initials: MG
authors.lastname: Caglayan
authors.affiliation: Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Gazi University, Etiler, 06330, Ankara, Turkey.
authors.forename: Merve
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Eryilmaz
authors.affiliation: Department of Food Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Hacettepe University, Beytepe, 06800, Ankara, Turkey.
authors.forename: Ismail Hakki
authors.initials: IH
authors.lastname: Boyaci
authors.affiliation: Department of Nanotechnology and Nanomedicine, Institute of Science, Hacettepe University, Beytepe, 06800, Ankara, Turkey.
authors.forename: Necdet
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Saglam
authors.affiliation: Turkish Doping Control Center, Hacettepe University, Sihhiye, 06100, Ankara, Turkey.
authors.forename: Arif Ahmet
authors.initials: AA
authors.lastname: Basaran
authors.affiliation: Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Gazi University, Etiler, 06330, Ankara, Turkey. utamer@gazi.edu.tr.
authors.forename: Ugur
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: Tamer
mesh_terms: D055910:Antibodies, Immobilized / Q000737:chemistry; D004300:Doping in Sports / Q000331:legislation & jurisprudence; D004921:Erythropoietin / Q000652:urine*; D006046:Gold / Q000737:chemistry*; D006801:Humans; D057230:Limit of Detection; D058185:Magnetite Nanoparticles / Q000737:chemistry*; D058573:Performance-Enhancing Substances / Q000652:urine*; D011994:Recombinant Proteins / Q000652:urine; D013059:Spectrum Analysis, Raman / Q000379:methods*; D013499:Surface Properties
chemical_list: D055910:Antibodies, Immobilized; C554270:EPO protein, human; D058185:Magnetite Nanoparticles; D058573:Performance-Enhancing Substances; D011994:Recombinant Proteins; D004921:Erythropoietin; D006046:Gold
keywords: Erythropoietin; Nanoextraction; SERS; Western blot