title: Voxel-Based Morphometry in Individuals at Genetic High Risk for Schizophrenia and Patients with Schizophrenia during Their First Episode of Psychosis.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Understanding morphologic changes in vulnerable and early disease state of schizophrenia (SZ) may provide further insight into the development of psychosis.
  
  
  METHODS
  Whole brain voxel-based morphometry was performed to identify gray matter (GM) regional differences in 60 individuals with SZ during their first psychotic episode (FE-SZ), 31 individuals at genetic high risk for SZ (GHR-SZ) individuals, and 71 healthy controls.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Significant differences were found in several regions including the prefrontal cortex, parietal lobe, temporal lobe, hippocampus, occipital lobe, and cerebellum among the three groups (p<0.05, corrected). Compared to the HC group, the FE-SZ group had significantly decreased GM volumes in several regions including the cerebellum, hippocampus, fusiform gyrus, lingual gyrus, supramarginal gyrus, and superior, middle, and inferior temporal gyri and significantly increased GM volumes in the middle frontal gyrus and inferior operculum frontal gyrus (p<0.05). The GHR-SZ group had significant decreases in GM volumes in the supramaginal gyrus, precentral gyrus, and rolandic operculum and significant increases in GM volumes in the cerebellum, fusiform gyrus, middle frontal gyrus, inferior operculum frontal gyrus, and superior, middle, and inferior temporal gyri when compared to the HC group (p<0.05). Compared to the GHR-SZ group, the FE-SZ group had significant decreases in GM volumes in several regions including the cerebellum, fusiform gyrus, supramarginal gyrus, and superior, middle, and inferior temporal gyri (p<0.05).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The findings herein implicate the involvement of multisensory integration in SZ development and pathophysiology. Additionally, the patterns of observed differences suggest possible indicators of disease, vulnerability, and resiliency in SZ.
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, PR China.|Brain Function Research Section, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, PR China.
authors.forename: Miao
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Chang
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, PR China.
authors.forename: Fay Y
authors.initials: FY
authors.lastname: Womer
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, PR China.|Brain Function Research Section, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, PR China.
authors.forename: Chuan
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Bai
authors.affiliation: Brain Function Research Section, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, PR China.|Department of Psychiatry, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, PR China.
authors.forename: Qian
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Zhou
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, PR China.|Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, United States of America.
authors.forename: Shengnan
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Wei
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, PR China.|Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, United States of America.
authors.forename: Xiaowei
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Jiang
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, PR China.
authors.forename: Haiyang
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Geng
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, PR China.
authors.forename: Yifang
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Zhou
authors.affiliation: Brain Function Research Section, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, PR China.|Department of Psychiatry, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, PR China.
authors.forename: Yanqing
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Tang
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, PR China.|Brain Function Research Section, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, PR China.|Department of Psychiatry, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, PR China.|Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, United States of America.
authors.forename: Fei
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Wang
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D001921:Brain / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D011618:Psychotic Disorders / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000235:genetics*; D012307:Risk Factors; D012559:Schizophrenia / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000235:genetics*