title: Evaluation ofiNOSExpression in Esophageal Cancer Patients.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Esophageal cancer is a public health concern around the world; this cancer is the sixth leading cause of death of cancer in the world with about 386,000 deaths per year. Its risk factors include environmental factors such as tobacco smoke, gastroesophageal reflux and genetic changes.iNOSis stated by the effect of various inflammatory factors and is thus called inducible NOS. InvestigatingiNOSexpression is a powerful tool for understanding effective molecular parameters at tissue and cellular responses to external factors. In this research work,iNOSexpression in patients with esophageal cancer was studied in Iran.
  
  
  METHODS
  15 formalin-fixed and paraffin-embedded (FFPE) esophageal cancer tissue samples and 15 normal FFPE samples were collected from various medical centers (Zabol, Zahedan, Kashan) to measureiNOSexpression by real-time reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (real-time RT-PCR). All PCR reactions were conducted by three replicates foriNOSand internal control (β-actin) by 2-ΔΔCT(Livak) method. Differences were measured in target gene expression in patients and control group using the t test. All statistical analyses were done using the SPSS software.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The results showed that there was no significant difference betweeniNOSexpression in the case and control groups (p > 0.05); however, there was an increase iniNOSexpression in the case group. On the other hand, there was a significant difference betweeniNOSexpression in males and females in the two groups of healthy subjects and patients, and it was higher in women than in men.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Further studies need to be conducted with larger sample sizes and in other populations to validate these findings.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Science, Payame Noor University, Tehran.
authors.forename: Romina
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Barani
authors.affiliation: Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Zabol, Zabol, Iran.
authors.forename: Gholamreza
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Motalleb
authors.affiliation: Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Science, Payame Noor University, Tehran.
authors.forename: Hossein
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Maghsoudi
keywords: Esophageal cancer; Quantitative real-time reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction; iNOS