title: A Potential Mechanism for the Anti-Apoptotic Property of Koumine Involving Mitochondrial Pathway in LPS-Mediated RAW 264.7 Macrophages.
abstract: Koumine is a kind of alkaloid extracted fromGelsemium elegans(G. elegans). Benth, which has shown promise as an anti-tumor, anxiolytic, and analgesic agent. In our present study, the effect of koumine on lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-mediated RAW 264.7 cell apoptosis was evaluated. MTT assays showed that koumine obviously increased cell viability in LPS-mediated RAW 264.7 macrophages. Preincubation with koumine ameliorated LPS-medicated apoptosis by decreasing reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, which resulted in a significant decrease in the levels of nitric oxide (NO) and inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS). In addition, koumine-pretreated RAW 264.7 macrophages exhibited reduction of LPS-induced levels of TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-6 mRNA. Furthermore, pretreatment with koumine suppressed LPS-mediated p53 activation, loss of mitochondrial membrane potential, caspase-3 activation, decrease of Bcl-2 expression, and elevation of Bax and caspase-3 expressions, suggesting that koumine might act directly on RAW 264.7 cells to inhibit LPS-induced apoptosis. It seems as though the mechanism that koumine possesses is the anti-apoptotic effect mediated by suppressing production of ROS, activation of p53, and mitochondrial apoptotic pathways in RAW 264 cells. Koumine could potentially serve as a protective effect against LPS-induced apoptosis.
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China. yuanzhihang84@163.com.|Hunan Co-Innovation Center for Utilization of Botanical Functional Ingredients, Changsha 410128, China. yuanzhihang84@163.com.
authors.forename: Zhi-Hang
authors.initials: ZH
authors.lastname: Yuan
authors.affiliation: Department of Hunan Agricultural Product Processing Institute, Changsha 410128, China. enni_007@163.com.
authors.forename: Zeng-Enni
authors.initials: ZE
authors.lastname: Liang
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China. wu23jing@aliyun.com.|Hunan Co-Innovation Center for Utilization of Botanical Functional Ingredients, Changsha 410128, China. wu23jing@aliyun.com.
authors.forename: Jing
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Wu
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China. smart16@aliyun.com.|Hunan Co-Innovation Center for Utilization of Botanical Functional Ingredients, Changsha 410128, China. smart16@aliyun.com.
authors.forename: Jin-E
authors.initials: JE
authors.lastname: Yi
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China. s51857176@gmail.com.|Hunan Co-Innovation Center for Utilization of Botanical Functional Ingredients, Changsha 410128, China. s51857176@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Xiao-Jun
authors.initials: XJ
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China. zhiliangsun15@163.com.|Hunan Co-Innovation Center for Utilization of Botanical Functional Ingredients, Changsha 410128, China. zhiliangsun15@163.com.
authors.forename: Zhi-Liang
authors.initials: ZL
authors.lastname: Sun
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D017209:Apoptosis / Q000187:drug effects*; D005786:Gene Expression Regulation / Q000187:drug effects; D026121:Indole Alkaloids / Q000494:pharmacology*; D008070:Lipopolysaccharides / Q000633:toxicity*; D051379:Mice; D008928:Mitochondria / Q000378:metabolism*; D015846:Monokines / Q000096:biosynthesis; D009569:Nitric Oxide / Q000096:biosynthesis; D019253:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-bcl-2 / Q000096:biosynthesis; D000067996:RAW 264.7 Cells; D015398:Signal Transduction / Q000187:drug effects*
chemical_list: D026121:Indole Alkaloids; D008070:Lipopolysaccharides; D015846:Monokines; D019253:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-bcl-2; C515085:koumine; C052617:Bcl2 protein, mouse; D009569:Nitric Oxide
keywords: anti-apoptotic effect; caspase; koumine; mitochondria