title: Quality evaluation of Heshouwu, a Taoist medicine in Wudang, China.
abstract: Polygonum multiflorumThunb., which is known as Heshouwu in China, is a Taoist medicine sourced from the Wudang mountain area. At present, the quality of the Heshouwu sourced from this region is unknown. The present study aimed to evaluate the quality of wild Heshouwu collected from the Wudang mountain area, particularly the 2,3,5,4'-tetrahydroxystilbene-2-O-β-D-glucoside (TSG) and combined anthraquinone (CAQ) content, compared with that of commercially available Heshouwu. Furthermore, the potential quantities of organic pesticide residues were determined. High performance liquid chromatography with a diode array detector was used to quantify TSG and CAQ content, whereas gas chromatography (GC), performed using a temperature gradient, was used to detect the presence of organochlorine, pyrethroid and organophosphorus pesticides. The average TSG content present in the wild Heshouwu from the Wudang mountain area and in the commercially available Heshouwu was 2.39 and 1.10%, respectively. In addition, the average content of CAQ in these was 1.41 and 3.46%, respectively. GC did not detect residues of organic pesticides in the wild Heshouwu, thus this plant met the criterion of the Chinese Pharmacopeia (2010 edition). The results of the present study indicated that wild Heshouwu from the Wudang mountain area may be suitable for use as a Chinese medicine across China.
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Chinese Herbal Pharmacology, Oncology Center, Renmin Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, Hubei 442000, P.R. China; Hubei Key Laboratory of Wudang Local Chinese Medicine Research, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, Hubei 442000, P.R. China.
authors.forename: Hongliang
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Chinese Herbal Pharmacology, Oncology Center, Renmin Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, Hubei 442000, P.R. China; School of Chinese Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, SAR, P.R. China.
authors.forename: Shuqiang
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Cao
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Chinese Herbal Pharmacology, Oncology Center, Renmin Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, Hubei 442000, P.R. China; Hubei Key Laboratory of Wudang Local Chinese Medicine Research, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, Hubei 442000, P.R. China.
authors.forename: Xuanbin
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Chinese Herbal Pharmacology, Oncology Center, Renmin Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, Hubei 442000, P.R. China; Hubei Key Laboratory of Wudang Local Chinese Medicine Research, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, Hubei 442000, P.R. China.
authors.forename: Qimin
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Zuo
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Chinese Herbal Pharmacology, Oncology Center, Renmin Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, Hubei 442000, P.R. China; Hubei Key Laboratory of Wudang Local Chinese Medicine Research, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, Hubei 442000, P.R. China.
authors.forename: Ping
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Chinese Herbal Pharmacology, Oncology Center, Renmin Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, Hubei 442000, P.R. China; Hubei Key Laboratory of Wudang Local Chinese Medicine Research, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, Hubei 442000, P.R. China.
authors.forename: Ying
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Chinese Herbal Pharmacology, Oncology Center, Renmin Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, Hubei 442000, P.R. China; Hubei Key Laboratory of Wudang Local Chinese Medicine Research, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, Hubei 442000, P.R. China.
authors.forename: Ming
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.affiliation: School of Chinese Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, SAR, P.R. China.
authors.forename: Yibin
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Feng
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Chinese Herbal Pharmacology, Oncology Center, Renmin Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, Hubei 442000, P.R. China; Hubei Key Laboratory of Wudang Local Chinese Medicine Research, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, Hubei 442000, P.R. China.
authors.forename: Xincai
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Hao
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Chinese Herbal Pharmacology, Oncology Center, Renmin Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, Hubei 442000, P.R. China; Hubei Key Laboratory of Wudang Local Chinese Medicine Research, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, Hubei 442000, P.R. China.
authors.forename: Longchao
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Xiang
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Chinese Herbal Pharmacology, Oncology Center, Renmin Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, Hubei 442000, P.R. China; Hubei Key Laboratory of Wudang Local Chinese Medicine Research, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, Hubei 442000, P.R. China.
authors.forename: Xiaohua
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Zeng
keywords: 2,3,5,4′-tetrahydroxystilbene-2-O-β-D-glucoside; Radix Polygoni multiflori; Wudang mountain area; combined anthraquinones; gas chromatography; high performance liquid chromatography; pesticide residues