title: Occurrence, distribution and risk assessment of suspected endocrine-disrupting chemicals in surface water and suspended particulate matter of Yangtze River (Nanjing section).
abstract: The occurrence and distribution of eight selected endocrine-disrupting chemicals were investigated in samples of surface water and suspended particulate matter (SPM) in Nanjing section of Yangtze River over a year (the flow period, the wet period and the dry period). All target compounds were detected at least once in surface water with 4-tert-butylphenol (4-TBP), nonyphenol (NP) and bisphenol A (BPA) as the dominant compounds, with concentrations in the range of 225-1121ng/L, 1.4-858ng/L and 1.7-563ng/L, respectively. Except for December, all selected compounds for the other sampling times were not found in all sampling points. NP (mean concentration 69.8µg/g) and BPA (mean concentration 51.8µg/g) were also the dominant estrogens in SPM. In addition, the highest total compounds concentrations were found in December in both phases, which could be due to the low flow conditions and temperature during this season. Meanwhile, a significant positive correlation was found between the total compounds concentrations in the water phase and those in SPM phase. Risk assessment based on the calculated risk quotients (RQ) showed that low and moderate risk for the aquatic environment from presence of the target compounds at all sampling points with exception of 4-TBP and NP which might pose a high risk to aquatic organisms.
authors.affiliation: Key laboratory of Drug Quality Control and Pharmacovigilance (Ministry of Education) & School of Science, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, China.
authors.forename: Yan-Hua
authors.initials: YH
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.affiliation: Nanjing Institute of Environmental Sciences, Ministry of Environmental Protection, Nanjing 210042, China.
authors.forename: Sheng-Hu
authors.initials: SH
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: Nanjing Institute of Environmental Sciences, Ministry of Environmental Protection, Nanjing 210042, China.
authors.forename: Gui-Xiang
authors.initials: GX
authors.lastname: Ji
authors.affiliation: Nanjing Institute of Environmental Sciences, Ministry of Environmental Protection, Nanjing 210042, China.
authors.forename: Sheng-Min
authors.initials: SM
authors.lastname: Wu
authors.affiliation: Key laboratory of Drug Quality Control and Pharmacovigilance (Ministry of Education) & School of Science, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, China.
authors.forename: Rui-Xin
authors.initials: RX
authors.lastname: Guo
authors.affiliation: Second Institute of Oceanography, State Oceanic Administration, Hangzhou 310013, China.
authors.forename: Jie
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Cheng
authors.affiliation: Key laboratory of Drug Quality Control and Pharmacovigilance (Ministry of Education) & School of Science, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, China. Electronic address: yanzhengyujiang@126.com.
authors.forename: Zheng-Yu
authors.initials: ZY
authors.lastname: Yan
authors.affiliation: Key laboratory of Drug Quality Control and Pharmacovigilance (Ministry of Education) & School of Science, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, China. Electronic address: cjqer@163.com.
authors.forename: Jian-Qiu
authors.initials: JQ
authors.lastname: Chen
mesh_terms: D059001:Aquatic Organisms; D001559:Benzhydryl Compounds / Q000032:analysis; D002681:China; D052244:Endocrine Disruptors / Q000032:analysis*; D004784:Environmental Monitoring; D004967:Estrogens / Q000032:analysis; D052638:Particulate Matter / Q000032:analysis*; D010636:Phenols / Q000032:analysis; D018570:Risk Assessment; D045483:Rivers / Q000737:chemistry*; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical / Q000032:analysis*; D000098826:Bisphenol A Compounds
chemical_list: D001559:Benzhydryl Compounds; D052244:Endocrine Disruptors; D004967:Estrogens; D052638:Particulate Matter; D010636:Phenols; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical; C025256:nonylphenol; C006780:bisphenol A; D000098826:Bisphenol A Compounds; C006862:butylphen
keywords: EDCs; Potential environmental risk; Seasonal and spatial distribution; Yangtze River