title: DNA sensor cGAS-mediated immune recognition.
abstract: The host takes use of pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) to defend against pathogen invasion or cellular damage. Among microorganism-associated molecular patterns detected by host PRRs, nucleic acids derived from bacteria or viruses are tightly supervised, providing a fundamental mechanism of host defense. Pathogenic DNAs are supposed to be detected by DNA sensors that induce the activation of NFκB or TBK1-IRF3 pathway. DNA sensor cGAS is widely expressed in innate immune cells and is a key sensor of invading DNAs in several cell types. cGAS binds to DNA, followed by a conformational change that allows the synthesis of cyclic guanosine monophosphate-adenosine monophosphate (cGAMP) from adenosine triphosphate and guanosine triphosphate. cGAMP is a strong activator of STING that can activate IRF3 and subsequent type I interferon production. Here we describe recent progresses in DNA sensors especially cGAS in the innate immune responses against pathogenic DNAs.
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of Infection and Immunity of CAS, CAS Center for Excellence in Biomacromolecules, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China.
authors.forename: Pengyan
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Xia
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of Infection and Immunity of CAS, CAS Center for Excellence in Biomacromolecules, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China.
authors.forename: Shuo
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of Infection and Immunity of CAS, CAS Center for Excellence in Biomacromolecules, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China.
authors.forename: Pu
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Gao
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of Infection and Immunity of CAS, CAS Center for Excellence in Biomacromolecules, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China.|University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China.
authors.forename: Guangxia
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Gao
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of Infection and Immunity of CAS, CAS Center for Excellence in Biomacromolecules, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China. fanz@moon.ibp.ac.cn.|University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China. fanz@moon.ibp.ac.cn.
authors.forename: Zusen
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Fan
mesh_terms: D004269:DNA, Bacterial / Q000276:immunology* / Q000378:metabolism; D004279:DNA, Viral / Q000276:immunology* / Q000378:metabolism; D005786:Gene Expression Regulation; D054884:Host-Pathogen Interactions; D006801:Humans; D007113:Immunity, Innate; D050838:Interferon Regulatory Factor-3 / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology*; D007370:Interferon Type I / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000276:immunology; D008565:Membrane Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology*; D008958:Models, Molecular; D016328:NF-kappa B / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology; D009712:Nucleotides, Cyclic / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000276:immunology; D009713:Nucleotidyltransferases / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology*; D011485:Protein Binding; D017346:Protein Serine-Threonine Kinases / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology; D015398:Signal Transduction; D000099197:STING Protein; D000099235:Cyclic Guanosine Monophosphate-Adenosine Monophosphate Synthase
chemical_list: D004269:DNA, Bacterial; D004279:DNA, Viral; D050838:Interferon Regulatory Factor-3; D007370:Interferon Type I; D008565:Membrane Proteins; D016328:NF-kappa B; D009712:Nucleotides, Cyclic; D009713:Nucleotidyltransferases; D017346:Protein Serine-Threonine Kinases; C494232:IRF3 protein, human; C532857:STING1 protein, human; D000099197:STING Protein; C584311:cyclic guanosine monophosphate-adenosine monophosphate; C403191:TBK1 protein, human; C578390:cGAS protein, human; D000099235:Cyclic Guanosine Monophosphate-Adenosine Monophosphate Synthase
keywords: DNA sensors; cGAMP; cGAS; cytosolic DNAs; innate immunity