title: Measuring cell surface area and deformability of individual human red blood cells over blood storage using quantitative phase imaging.
abstract: The functionality and viability of stored human red blood cells (RBCs) is an important clinical issue in transfusions. To systematically investigate changes in stored whole blood, the hematological properties of individual RBCs were quantified in blood samples stored for various periods with and without a preservation solution called citrate phosphate dextrose adenine-1 (CPDA-1). With 3-D quantitative phase imaging techniques, the optical measurements for 3-D refractive index (RI) distributions and membrane fluctuations were done at the individual cell level. From the optical measurements, the morphological (volume, surface area and sphericity), biochemical (hemoglobin content and concentration), and mechanical parameters (dynamic membrane fluctuation) were simultaneously quantified to investigate the functionalities and progressive alterations of stored RBCs. Our results show that stored RBCs without CPDA-1 had a dramatic morphological transformation from discocytes to spherocytes within two weeks which was accompanied by significant decreases in cell deformability and cell surface area, and increases in sphericity. However, the stored RBCs with CPDA-1 maintained their morphology and deformability for up to 6 weeks.
authors.affiliation: Department of Physics, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: HyunJoo
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Park
authors.affiliation: Department of Physics, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea.|KI for Health Science and Technology (KIHST), KAIST Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea.|TOMOCUBE, Daejeon 34051, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: SangYun
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.affiliation: Department of Laboratory Medicine, Eulji University Hospital, Daejeon 35233, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Misuk
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Ji
authors.affiliation: Department of Physics, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea.|KI for Health Science and Technology (KIHST), KAIST Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea.|TOMOCUBE, Daejeon 34051, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Kyoohyun
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.affiliation: Department of Laboratory Medicine, Eulji University Hospital, Daejeon 35233, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: YongHak
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Son
authors.affiliation: Department of Laboratory Medicine, University of Ulsan, College of Medicine and Asan Medical Center, Seoul 05535, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Seongsoo
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Jang
authors.affiliation: Department of Physics, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea.|KI for Health Science and Technology (KIHST), KAIST Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea.|TOMOCUBE, Daejeon 34051, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: YongKeun
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Park
mesh_terms: D001793:Blood Preservation / Q000379:methods*; D001803:Blood Transfusion; D002951:Citrates / Q000008:administration & dosage; D004907:Erythrocyte Deformability; D005947:Glucose / Q000008:administration & dosage; D006454:Hemoglobins / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans
chemical_list: D002951:Citrates; D006454:Hemoglobins; C007077:citrate phosphate dextrose; D005947:Glucose