title: The relationship of dystonia and choreoathetosis with activity, participation and quality of life in children and youth with dyskinetic cerebral palsy.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To relate dystonia and choreoathetosis with activity, participation and quality of life (QOL) in children and youth with dyskinetic Cerebral Palsy (CP).
  
  
  METHODS
  Fifty-four participants with dyskinetic CP (mean age 14y6m, SD 4y2m, range 6-22y) were included. The Dyskinesia Impairment Scale (DIS) was used to evaluate dystonia and choreoathetosis. Activity, participation and quality of life (QOL) were assessed with the Gross Motor Function Measure (GMFM), the Functional Mobility Scale (FMS), the Jebsen-Taylor Hand Function Test (JTT), the ABILHAND-Kids Questionnaire (ABIL-K), the Life Habits Kids (LIFE-H) and the Quality of Life Questionnaire for children with CP (CP-QOL). Spearman's rank correlation coefficient (rs) was used to assess the relationship between the movement disorders and activity, participation and QOL measures.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Significant negative correlations were found between dystonia and the activity scales with Spearman's rank correlation coefficient (rs) varying between -0.65 (95% CI = -0.78 to -0.46) and -0.71 (95% CI = -0,82 to -0.55). Correlations were also found with the LIFE-H (rs= -0.43; 95%CI = -0.64 to -0.17) and the CP-QOL (rs= -0.32; 95%CI = -0.56 to -0.03). As far as choreoathetosis is concerned, no or only weak relationships were found with the activity, participation and quality of life scales.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This cross-sectional study is the first to examine the relationship of dystonia and choreoathetosis in dyskinetic CP with the level of activity, participation and QOL. The results revealed dystonia has a higher impact on activity, participation and quality of life than choreoathetosis. These findings seem to suggest it is necessary to first focus on dystonia reducing intervention strategies and secondly on choreoathetosis.
authors.affiliation: Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, KU Leuven - University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium. Electronic address: elegast.monbaliu@kuleuven.be.
authors.forename: Elegast
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Monbaliu
authors.affiliation: Department of Public Health and Primary Care Leuven, KU Leuven - University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium. Electronic address: paul.decock@uzleuven.be.
authors.forename: Paul
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: De Cock
authors.affiliation: Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, KU Leuven - University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium. Electronic address: lisa.mailleux@kuleuven.be.
authors.forename: Lisa
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Mailleux
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium; Inkendaal Rehabilitation Hospital, Vlezenbeek, Belgium. Electronic address: bernard.dan@ulb.be.
authors.forename: Bernard
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Dan
authors.affiliation: Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, KU Leuven - University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium. Electronic address: hilde.feys@kuleuven.be.
authors.forename: Hilde
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Feys
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D001264:Athetosis / Q000150:complications* / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000523:psychology; D002547:Cerebral Palsy / Q000150:complications / Q000503:physiopathology* / Q000523:psychology*; D002648:Child; D002819:Chorea / Q000150:complications* / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000523:psychology; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D004421:Dystonia / Q000150:complications* / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000523:psychology; D015444:Exercise / Q000502:physiology; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D011788:Quality of Life; D012720:Severity of Illness Index; D058992:Social Participation / Q000523:psychology; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D055815:Young Adult
keywords: Activity; Choreoathetosis; Dyskinetic CP; Dystonia; Participation; Quality of life