title: Raman spectroscopic identification of Mycobacterium tuberculosis.
abstract: In this study, Raman microspectroscopy has been utilized to identify mycobacteria to the species level. Because of the slow growth of mycobacteria, the per se cultivation-independent Raman microspectroscopy emerges as a perfect tool for a rapid on-the-spot mycobacterial diagnostic test. Special focus was laid upon the identification of Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex (MTC) strains, as the main causative agent of pulmonary tuberculosis worldwide, and the differentiation between pathogenic and commensal nontuberculous mycobacteria (NTM). Overall the proposed model considers 26 different mycobacteria species as well as antibiotic susceptible and resistant strains. More than 8800 Raman spectra of single bacterial cells constituted a spectral library, which was the foundation for a two-level classification system including three support vector machines. Our model allowed the discrimination of MTC samples in an independent validation dataset with an accuracy of 94% and could serve as a basis to further improve Raman microscopy as a first-line diagnostic point-of-care tool for the confirmation of tuberculosis disease.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Physical Chemistry and Abbe Center of Photonics, Friedrich Schiller University of Jena, Helmholtzweg 4, 07743, Jena, Germany.|InfectoGnostics Forschungscampus Jena, Philosophenweg 7, 07743, Jena, Germany.
authors.forename: Stephan
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Stöckel
authors.affiliation: Institute of Physical Chemistry and Abbe Center of Photonics, Friedrich Schiller University of Jena, Helmholtzweg 4, 07743, Jena, Germany.|InfectoGnostics Forschungscampus Jena, Philosophenweg 7, 07743, Jena, Germany.
authors.forename: Susann
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Meisel
authors.affiliation: Institute of Physical Chemistry and Abbe Center of Photonics, Friedrich Schiller University of Jena, Helmholtzweg 4, 07743, Jena, Germany.|InfectoGnostics Forschungscampus Jena, Philosophenweg 7, 07743, Jena, Germany.
authors.forename: Björn
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Lorenz
authors.affiliation: Institute of Physical Chemistry and Abbe Center of Photonics, Friedrich Schiller University of Jena, Helmholtzweg 4, 07743, Jena, Germany.|InfectoGnostics Forschungscampus Jena, Philosophenweg 7, 07743, Jena, Germany.
authors.forename: Sandra
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Kloß
authors.affiliation: Alere Technologies GmbH, Löbstedter Straße 103-105, 07749, Jena, Germany.
authors.forename: Sandra
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Henk
authors.affiliation: Alere Technologies GmbH, Löbstedter Straße 103-105, 07749, Jena, Germany.
authors.forename: Stefan
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Dees
authors.affiliation: National Reference Center for Mycobacteria, Research Center Borstel, Parkallee 1-40, 23845, Borstel, Germany.|Present address: Laboratory Dr. Limbach, Heidelberg, Germany.
authors.forename: Elvira
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Richter
authors.affiliation: National Reference Center for Mycobacteria, Research Center Borstel, Parkallee 1-40, 23845, Borstel, Germany.
authors.forename: Sönke
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Andres
authors.affiliation: Molecular and Experimental Mycobacteriology, Research Center Borstel, Parkallee 1-40, 23845, Borstel, Germany.
authors.forename: Matthias
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Merker
authors.affiliation: Alere Technologies GmbH, Löbstedter Straße 103-105, 07749, Jena, Germany.
authors.forename: Ines
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Labugger
authors.affiliation: Institute of Physical Chemistry and Abbe Center of Photonics, Friedrich Schiller University of Jena, Helmholtzweg 4, 07743, Jena, Germany.|InfectoGnostics Forschungscampus Jena, Philosophenweg 7, 07743, Jena, Germany.
authors.forename: Petra
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Rösch
authors.affiliation: Institute of Physical Chemistry and Abbe Center of Photonics, Friedrich Schiller University of Jena, Helmholtzweg 4, 07743, Jena, Germany.|InfectoGnostics Forschungscampus Jena, Philosophenweg 7, 07743, Jena, Germany.|Leibniz-Institute of Photonic Technology, Albert-Einstein-Straße 9, 07745, Jena, Germany.
authors.forename: Jürgen
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Popp
mesh_terms: D009169:Mycobacterium tuberculosis / Q000145:classification*; D013059:Spectrum Analysis, Raman; D060388:Support Vector Machine; D014376:Tuberculosis / Q000175:diagnosis
keywords: M. tuberculosis; Raman spectroscopy; analytical methods; identification; microscopy; mycobacteria