title: Brunei's teacher education programs: insights into students' coping and help-seeking strategies to challenges.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Brunei started implementing its two main reformed teacher education programs, MTeach and MEd, in 2009. The reasons for these innovations included upgrading the standard of teacher training, increasing teaching effectiveness, and improving the quality of education in the country. The purpose of this study was to determine how student teachers coped with and sought help on the challenging programs.
  
  
  METHODS
  Using an online survey design, 76 randomly selected recent graduate teachers responded appropriately to questionnaires administered to them by email. The obtained quantitative research information included demographic, coping, and help-seeking data, all analyzed by SPSS Version 22.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Participants endorsed both the productive and nonproductive coping strategies. In addition, they depended more on peers, teachers and internet sources for help. Four major findings were obtained. First, task-oriented coping was the most important and significant predictor of success on the MTeach and MEd programs. Second, females had a higher likelihood of success compared to males (OR = 22.760, 95 % CI for OR = 12.848-40.320). Third, students who consulted relevant internet resources had higher odds for succeeding compared to those who did not (OR = 2.237, 95 % CI 1.196-4.183). Fourth, less-able students who collaboratively worked with the more-able peers were nearly two times more likely to perform better than those who did not (OR = 1.982, 95 % CI 1.082-3.630).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Coping and help-seeking were positively and significantly related to academic achievement on the two Brunei main teacher education programs. Evidence from the present study suggested that vulnerable and at-risk trainee teachers needed appropriate interventions (educational, counseling and psychotherapy) related to effective use of task-oriented coping and seeking help via cooperative learning, internet sources, and teacher consultations,. Further research with interview probes was recommended to gain additional information on the problem and its solutions.
authors.affiliation: Sultan Hassanal Bolkiah Institute of Education, Universiti Brunei Darussalam, Jalan Tungku Link, Gadong, Bandar Seri Begawan, BE1410 Brunei Darussalam.
authors.forename: Lawrence
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Mundia
authors.affiliation: Sultan Hassanal Bolkiah Institute of Education, Universiti Brunei Darussalam, Jalan Tungku Link, Gadong, Bandar Seri Begawan, BE1410 Brunei Darussalam.
authors.forename: Masitah
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Shahrill
authors.affiliation: Sultan Hassanal Bolkiah Institute of Education, Universiti Brunei Darussalam, Jalan Tungku Link, Gadong, Bandar Seri Begawan, BE1410 Brunei Darussalam.
authors.forename: Jainatul Halida
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Jaidin
authors.affiliation: Sultan Hassanal Bolkiah Institute of Education, Universiti Brunei Darussalam, Jalan Tungku Link, Gadong, Bandar Seri Begawan, BE1410 Brunei Darussalam.
authors.forename: Rosmawijah
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Jawawi
authors.affiliation: Sultan Hassanal Bolkiah Institute of Education, Universiti Brunei Darussalam, Jalan Tungku Link, Gadong, Bandar Seri Begawan, BE1410 Brunei Darussalam.
authors.forename: Mar Aswandi
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Mahadi
keywords: Achievement; Brunei; Coping; Help-seeking; Student teachers; Teacher education