title: Pharmacological management of acute kidney injury and chronic kidney disease in neonates.
abstract: Both acute kidney injury (AKI) and chronic kidney disease (CKD) are seen more frequently in the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) as advances in supportive care improve the survival of critically ill infants as well as those with severe, congenital kidney and urinary tract anomalies. Many aspects of the infant's care, including fluid balance, electrolyte and mineral homeostasis, acid-base balance, and growth and nutrition require close monitoring by and collaboration among neonatologists, nephrologists, dieticians, and pharmacologists. This educational review summarizes the therapies widely used for neonates with AKI and CKD. Use of these therapies is extrapolated from data in older children and adults or based on clinical experience and case series. There is a critical need for more research on the use of therapies in infants with kidney disease as well as for the development of drug delivery systems and preparations scaled more appropriately for these small patients.
authors.affiliation: Division of Nephrology, Dialysis and Transplantation, Stead Family Department of Pediatrics, University of Iowa Children's Hospital, Iowa City, IA, USA. Electronic address: Jennifer-jetton@uiowa.edu.
authors.forename: Jennifer G
authors.initials: JG
authors.lastname: Jetton
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmaceutical Care, University of Iowa Children's Hospital, Iowa City, IA, USA.
authors.forename: Mark
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Sorenson
mesh_terms: D058186:Acute Kidney Injury / Q000188:drug therapy*; D016503:Drug Delivery Systems; D006706:Homeostasis / Q000187:drug effects; D006801:Humans; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D007363:Intensive Care Units, Neonatal; D011188:Potassium / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use; D051436:Renal Insufficiency, Chronic / Q000188:drug therapy*; D012964:Sodium / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use; D014882:Water-Electrolyte Balance / Q000187:drug effects
chemical_list: D012964:Sodium; D011188:Potassium
keywords: Acute kidney injury; Chronic kidney disease; Neonates; Pharmacology