title: Size Dependent Kinetics of Gold Nanorods in EPR Mediated Tumor Delivery.
abstract: Gold nanorods (AuNR) have been intensively used in nanomedicine for cancer diagnostics and therapy, due to their excellent plasmonic photothermal properties. Tuning the size and aspect ratio of AuNR tailors the localized surface plasmon resonance (LSPR) in the NIR spectrum at which biological tissues are transparent, thus enables specific and effective treatment. The AuNR extravasates into tumor interstitium through enhanced permeation and retention (EPR) effect. Efficient AuNR based cancer therapy requires efficient AuNR tumor delivery. However, the size of AuNR can dramatically affect its blood circulation and tumor accumulation. Here we proposed for the first time a systematic framework to investigate the size-dependent kinetics of AuNRs during EPR mediated tumor delivery. By using64Cu-labeled AuNRs with positron emission tomography (PET) and kinetic modeling, thein vivouptake and kinetics of64Cu-AuNR during its blood circulation, tumor accumulation and elimination were studied bothin vitroandin vivo. The results of different sized AuNRs were compared and the optimum size of AuNR was suggested for EPR mediated tumor delivery. Our study provides a better understanding of thein vivobehavior of AuNR, which can help future design of nanomaterials for cancer imaging and therapy.
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Molecular Imaging and Nanomedicine, National Institute of Biomedical Imaging and Bioengineering, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, United States.
authors.forename: Xiao
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Tong
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Molecular Imaging and Nanomedicine, National Institute of Biomedical Imaging and Bioengineering, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, United States.
authors.forename: Zhantong
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Molecular Imaging and Nanomedicine, National Institute of Biomedical Imaging and Bioengineering, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, United States.
authors.forename: Xiaolian
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Sun
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Molecular Imaging and Nanomedicine, National Institute of Biomedical Imaging and Bioengineering, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, United States.
authors.forename: Jibin
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Song
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Molecular Imaging and Nanomedicine, National Institute of Biomedical Imaging and Bioengineering, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, United States.
authors.forename: Orit
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Jacobson
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Molecular Imaging and Nanomedicine, National Institute of Biomedical Imaging and Bioengineering, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, United States.
authors.forename: Gang
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Niu
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Molecular Imaging and Nanomedicine, National Institute of Biomedical Imaging and Bioengineering, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, United States.
authors.forename: Dale O
authors.initials: DO
authors.lastname: Kiesewetter
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Molecular Imaging and Nanomedicine, National Institute of Biomedical Imaging and Bioengineering, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, United States.
authors.forename: Xiaoyuan
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Chen
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D003300:Copper / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000493:pharmacokinetics*; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D006046:Gold / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000493:pharmacokinetics*; D008819:Mice, Nude; D043942:Nanotubes; D009369:Neoplasms / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000188:drug therapy*; D010316:Particle Size; D049268:Positron-Emission Tomography; D011868:Radioisotopes / Q000493:pharmacokinetics*
chemical_list: D011868:Radioisotopes; D006046:Gold; D003300:Copper
keywords: enhanced permeation and retention (EPR) effect; gold nanorods; kinetic modeling; positron emission tomography (PET)