title: A novel semiquantitative assessment of right ventricular systolic function with a modified subcostal echocardiographic view.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The tricuspid annular plane systolic excursion (TAPSE) is a validated measure of right ventricular function; however, the apical echocardiographic window varies and has limitations in intensive care unit (ICU) patients receiving mechanical ventilation or those with underlying disease and air entrapment. We aimed to evaluate the subcostal echocardiographic assessment of tricuspid annular kick (SEATAK) as an alternative to TAPSE in critically ill patients.
  
  
  METHODS
  To measure SEATAK, we obtained the subcostal inferior vena cava view and used M-mode to measure excursion of the tricuspid annulus (kick). Analysis was performed with JMP for Bland-Altman and Spearman correlations.
  
  
  RESULTS
  We evaluated 45 patients, 26 (57.8%) of whom were women, with a mean age of 60.8 years. We were not able to obtain the apical view to measure TAPSE in 8.9% of the patients. In contrast, SEATAK was measured in all patients. The mean SEATAK and TAPSE were 1.62 cm and 1.93 cm, respectively, with a mean pairwise difference of -0.26 cm (95% CI: -0.19 to -0.35), with the SEATAK value being lower than TAPSE. The overall correlation was strong and significant (ρ = .86, P=.03). The graphical correlation was maintained between TAPSE and SEATAK and the degree of RVF.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In patients presenting with RVF in the ICU (or in situations where the apical echocardiographic view is suboptimal for tricuspid annular assessment), SEATAK can be an alternative to TAPSE. Further research is needed to validate and determine the sensitivity and specificity of SEATAK for RVF prognostication.
authors.affiliation: Department of Critical Care Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, Florida.|Department of Neurosurgery, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, Florida.|Department of Anesthesiology, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, Florida.
authors.forename: José L
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: Díaz-Gómez
authors.affiliation: Department of Critical Care Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, Florida.|Division of Pulmonary Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, Florida.
authors.forename: Andres Borja
authors.initials: AB
authors.lastname: Alvarez
authors.affiliation: Department of Critical Care Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, Florida.|Division of Pulmonary Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, Florida.
authors.forename: Jonathan J
authors.initials: JJ
authors.lastname: Danaraj
authors.affiliation: Department of Critical Care Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, Florida.
authors.forename: Michelle L
authors.initials: ML
authors.lastname: Freeman
authors.affiliation: Department of Critical Care Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, Florida.|Division of Pulmonary Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, Florida.
authors.forename: Augustine S
authors.initials: AS
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardiology, Mayo Clinic, Phoenix, Arizona.
authors.forename: Farouk
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Mookadam
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardiology, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, Florida.
authors.forename: Brian P
authors.initials: BP
authors.lastname: Shapiro
authors.affiliation: Department of Anesthesiology, Mayo Clinic, Phoenix, Arizona.
authors.forename: Harish
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Ramakrishna
mesh_terms: D016638:Critical Illness; D004452:Echocardiography / Q000379:methods*; D005240:Feasibility Studies; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011446:Prospective Studies; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D013318:Stroke Volume / Q000502:physiology*; D013599:Systole; D014261:Tricuspid Valve / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D016278:Ventricular Function, Right / Q000502:physiology*
keywords: TAPSE; intensive care; right ventricular failure; transthoracic echocardiography