title: Establishing motion control in children with autism and intellectual disability: Applications for anatomical and functional MRI.
abstract: Excessive motion makes magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) extremely challenging among children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD). The medical risks of sedation establish the need for behavioral interventions to promote motion control among children with ASD undergoing MRI scans. We present a series of experiments aimed at establishing both tolerance of the MRI environment and a level of motion control that would be compatible with a successful MRI. During Study 1, we evaluated the effects of prompting and contingent reinforcement on compliance with a sequence of successive approximations to an MRI using a mock MRI. During Study 2, we used prompting and progressive differential reinforcement of other behaviors (DRO) to promote motion control in a mock MRI for increasing periods of time. Finally, during Study 3, some of the participants underwent a real MRI scan while a detailed in-session motion analysis informed the quality of the images captured.
authors.affiliation: University of Manitoba.
authors.forename: Alison D
authors.initials: AD
authors.lastname: Cox
authors.affiliation: University of Auckland.
authors.forename: Javier
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Virues-Ortega
authors.affiliation: University of Manitoba.
authors.forename: Flavia
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Julio
authors.affiliation: University of Manitoba and St. Amant Research Centre.
authors.forename: Toby L
authors.initials: TL
authors.lastname: Martin
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D001321:Autistic Disorder / Q000150:complications* / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D002648:Child; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007091:Image Processing, Computer-Assisted; D008607:Intellectual Disability / Q000150:complications* / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging; D008297:Male; D009069:Movement Disorders / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000209:etiology*; D011597:Psychomotor Performance / Q000502:physiology; D012054:Reinforcement, Psychology; D013997:Time Factors
keywords: autism spectrum disorder; differential reinforcement; magnetic resonance imaging; motion control training; stimulus fading