title: Cross-sectional and longitudinal association between hemoglobin concentration and hypertension: A population-based cohort study.
abstract: We investigated the cross-sectional and longitudinal associations between hemoglobin concentration and hypertension in a Korean population.Between 2006 and 2013, we examined 4899 participants with mean age of 56.6 years (range 35-88 years) from a rural community. We excluded 298 participants with a history of myocardial infarction or stroke and 264 participants with very low hemoglobin levels (men: <13.3 g/dL; women: <11.6 g/dL). Finally, we performed a cross-sectional analysis on 1629 men and 2708 women. Longitudinal associations were evaluated in 654 men and 1099 women, after excluding 2584 people with hypertension at baseline and those who did not participate in follow-up examinations. Hypertension was defined as systolic blood pressure ≥140 mm Hg, diastolic blood pressure ≥90 mm Hg, or use of antihypertensive treatment.The mean hemoglobin level was significantly higher in people with hypertension than in those without hypertension (P = 0.002 for men, P = 0.006 for women). On cross-sectional analysis, the odds ratio (95% confidence interval) for hypertension per 1 standard deviation increase in hemoglobin concentration (1.2 g/dL) was 1.11 (1.05-1.18) before adjustment and 1.20 (1.09-1.32) after adjusting for age, sex, body mass index, kidney markers, lifestyle factors, and comorbidities. On longitudinal analysis, the relative risk (95% confidence interval) for incident hypertension per 1 standard deviation increase in hemoglobin concentration was 1.09 (0.96-1.23) before adjustment and 0.91 (0.78-1.08) after adjusting for age, sex, body mass index, lifestyle factors, baseline blood pressure, baseline comorbidities, and baseline kidney markers.This study suggests that hemoglobin per se does not cause hypertension development.
authors.affiliation: Department of Public Health, Yonsei University Graduate School Department of Preventive Medicine Cardiovascular and Metabolic Diseases Etiology Research Center, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Na Hyun
authors.initials: NH
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: Ju-Mi
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: Hyeon Chang
authors.initials: HC
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: Joo-Young
authors.initials: JY
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: Hyungseon
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Yeom
authors.forename: Jung Hyun
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: Il
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Suh
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D001794:Blood Pressure; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006454:Hemoglobins / Q000378:metabolism*; D006801:Humans; D006973:Hypertension / Q000097:blood / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000503:physiopathology; D015994:Incidence; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D016017:Odds Ratio; D011159:Population Surveillance; D056910:Republic of Korea / Q000453:epidemiology; D012307:Risk Factors
chemical_list: D006454:Hemoglobins