title: Genome-Wide Analysis, Classification, Evolution, and Expression Analysis of the Cytochrome P450 93 Family in Land Plants.
abstract: Cytochrome P450 93 family (CYP93) belonging to the cytochrome P450 superfamily plays important roles in diverse plant processes. However, no previous studies have investigated the evolution and expression of the members of this family. In this study, we performed comprehensive genome-wide analysis to identify CYP93 genes in 60 green plants. In all, 214 CYP93 proteins were identified; they were specifically found in flowering plants and could be classified into ten subfamilies-CYP93A-K, with the last two being identified first. CYP93A is the ancestor that was derived in flowering plants, and the remaining showed lineage-specific distribution-CYP93B and CYP93C are present in dicots; CYP93F is distributed only in Poaceae; CYP93G and CYP93J are monocot-specific; CYP93E is unique to legumes; CYP93H and CYP93K are only found in Aquilegia coerulea, and CYP93D is Brassicaceae-specific. Each subfamily generally has conserved gene numbers, structures, and characteristics, indicating functional conservation during evolution. Synonymous nucleotide substitution (dN/dS) analysis showed that CYP93 genes are under strong negative selection. Comparative expression analyses of CYP93 genes in dicots and monocots revealed that they are preferentially expressed in the roots and tend to be induced by biotic and/or abiotic stresses, in accordance with their well-known functions in plant secondary biosynthesis.
authors.affiliation: College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400716, China.
authors.forename: Hai
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Du
authors.affiliation: College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400716, China.
authors.forename: Feng
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Ran
authors.affiliation: College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400716, China.
authors.forename: Hong-Li
authors.initials: HL
authors.lastname: Dong
authors.affiliation: College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400716, China.
authors.forename: Jing
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Wen
authors.affiliation: College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400716, China.
authors.forename: Jia-Na
authors.initials: JN
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: Department of Biological Sciences, National University of Singapore, 117543, Singapore, Singapore.
authors.forename: Zhe
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Liang
mesh_terms: D019070:Cell Lineage; D003577:Cytochrome P-450 Enzyme System / Q000145:classification / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism*; D019669:Embryophyta / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D019143:Evolution, Molecular; D018506:Gene Expression Regulation, Plant; D018745:Genome, Plant; D005810:Multigene Family; D010802:Phylogeny; D010940:Plant Proteins / Q000145:classification / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D018517:Plant Roots / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D010940:Plant Proteins; D003577:Cytochrome P-450 Enzyme System