title: The Possible Mechanisms Involved in Degradation of Patulin by Pichia caribbica.
abstract: In this work, we examined the mechanisms involved in the degradation of patulin byPichia caribbica. Our results indicate that cell-free filtrate ofP. caribbicareduced patutlin content. The heat-killed cells could not degrade patulin. However, the live cells significantly reduced the concentration of the patulin. In furtherance to this, it was observed that patulin was not detected in the broken yeast cells and cell wall. The addition of cycloheximide to theP. caribbicacells decreased the capacity of degradation of patulin. Proteomics analyses revealed that patulin treatment resulted in an upregulated protein which was involved in metabolism and stress response processes. Our results suggested that the mechanism of degradation of patulin byP. caribbicawas not absorption; the presence of patulin can induceP. caribbicato produce associated intracellular and extracellular enzymes, both of which have the ability to degrade patulin. The result provides a new possible method that used the enzymes produced by yeast to detoxify patulin in food and feed.
authors.affiliation: School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, 301 Xuefu Road, Zhenjiang 212013, Jiangsu, China. 1879600292l@163.com.
authors.forename: Xiangfeng
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Zheng
authors.affiliation: School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, 301 Xuefu Road, Zhenjiang 212013, Jiangsu, China. yangqiya1118@163.com.
authors.forename: Qiya
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.affiliation: School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, 301 Xuefu Road, Zhenjiang 212013, Jiangsu, China. zhanghongyin@ujs.edu.cn.
authors.forename: Hongyin
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, 301 Xuefu Road, Zhenjiang 212013, Jiangsu, China. caojing819@126.com.
authors.forename: Jing
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Cao
authors.affiliation: School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, 301 Xuefu Road, Zhenjiang 212013, Jiangsu, China. zhangxiaoyungu@126.com.
authors.forename: Xiaoyun
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, 301 Xuefu Road, Zhenjiang 212013, Jiangsu, China. mtapaliya@yahoo.com.
authors.forename: Maurice Tibiru
authors.initials: MT
authors.lastname: Apaliya
mesh_terms: D000935:Antifungal Agents / Q000494:pharmacology; D003513:Cycloheximide / Q000494:pharmacology; D005656:Fungal Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D010365:Patulin / Q000378:metabolism*; D010843:Pichia / Q000187:drug effects / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D000935:Antifungal Agents; D005656:Fungal Proteins; D010365:Patulin; D003513:Cycloheximide
keywords: Pichia caribbica; biodegradation; intracellular and extracellular enzymes; mycotoxin; patulin; proteomics