title: From Placenta to Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome: The Role of Adipokines.
abstract: Adipokines are cytokines produced mainly by adipose tissue, besides many other tissues such as placenta, ovaries, peripheral-blood mononuclear cells, liver, muscle, kidney, heart, and bone marrow. Adipokines play a significant role in the metabolic syndrome and in cardiovascular diseases, have implications in regulating insulin sensitivity and inflammation, and have significant effects on growth and reproductive function. The objective of this review was to analyze the functions known today of adiponectin, leptin, resistin, and visfatin from placenta throughout childhood and adolescence. It is well known now that their serum concentrations during pregnancy and lactation have long-term effects beyond the fetus and newborn. With regard to puberty, adipokines are involved in the regulation of the relationship between nutritional status and normal physiology or disorders of puberty and altered gonadal function, as, for example, premature pubarche and polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS). Cytokines are involved in the maturation of oocytes and in the regular progression of puberty and pregnancy.
authors.affiliation: Department of Paediatrics, Arcispedale Santa Maria Nuova-IRCCS, Reggio Emilia, Italy.
authors.forename: Chiara
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Sartori
authors.affiliation: Department of Paediatrics, University Hospital of Parma, Parma, Italy.
authors.forename: Pietro
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Lazzeroni
authors.affiliation: Department of Paediatrics, University Hospital of Parma, Parma, Italy.
authors.forename: Silvia
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Merli
authors.affiliation: Department of Paediatrics, Arcispedale Santa Maria Nuova-IRCCS, Reggio Emilia, Italy.
authors.forename: Viviana Dora
authors.initials: VD
authors.lastname: Patianna
authors.affiliation: Department of Paediatrics, University Hospital of Parma, Parma, Italy.
authors.forename: Francesca
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Viaroli
authors.affiliation: Department of Paediatrics, Arcispedale Santa Maria Nuova-IRCCS, Reggio Emilia, Italy.
authors.forename: Francesca
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Cirillo
authors.affiliation: Department of Paediatrics, Arcispedale Santa Maria Nuova-IRCCS, Reggio Emilia, Italy.
authors.forename: Sergio
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Amarri
authors.affiliation: Department of Paediatrics, Arcispedale Santa Maria Nuova-IRCCS, Reggio Emilia, Italy.
authors.forename: Maria Elisabeth
authors.identifier: 0000-0001-8427-8971
authors.initials: ME
authors.lastname: Street
mesh_terms: D054392:Adipokines / Q000378:metabolism*; D000818:Animals; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D010920:Placenta / Q000378:metabolism*; D011085:Polycystic Ovary Syndrome / Q000378:metabolism*; D011247:Pregnancy; D012741:Sexual Maturation / Q000502:physiology
chemical_list: D054392:Adipokines