title: Free radical scavenging, α-glucosidase inhibitory and anti-inflammatory constituents from Indian sedges,Cyperus scariosusR.Br andCyperus rotundusL.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Cyperus scariosusR. Br andCyperus rotundusL are widely used in ayurvedic preparation for the treatment of diabetes and other diseases. The early literature, so far, does not indicate the presence of any bioactive principle isolated from these plants.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To identify free radical scavenging, anti-diabetic and anti- inflammatory principles from these two species.
  
  
  METHODS
  The bioassay guided fractionation and isolation of active constituents was done by chromatographic techniques. They also evaluated their anti-oxidant activity by DPPH and ABTS. The anti-diabetic activity was screened by α- glucosidase and α- amylase assays. Also, the further evaluation ofin vitroanti-inflammatory activity using THP-1 monocytic cells andin vivoanti- inflammatory activity, was confirmed by carrageenan induced rat paw edema as model.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The activity guided isolation led to isolation of twelve compounds Which are: Stigmasterol[1], β- sitosterol[2], Lupeol[3], Gallic acid[4], Quercetin[5], β- amyrin[6], Oleanolic acid[7], β- amyrin acetate[8], 4- hydroxyl butyl cinnamate[9], 4- hydroxyl cinnamic acid[10], Caffeic acid,[11]and Kaempferol[12]respectively. Among the isolates, the compounds 4 and 5 displayed potent radical scavenging activity with an IC50values of 0.43 and 0.067 ΅g/ml. The compounds 4, 5 and 10 showed significant anti-diabetic activities. while lupeol[3]showed potent IL-1 β activity inhibition in THP-1 monocytic cells and also displayed significant (p<0.0025)in vivoanti-inflammatory activity.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Inbrief, we isolated twelve compounds from both the species. Collectively, our results suggested that aromatic compounds showed good anti-oxidant and anti-diabetic activities.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The study investigates the free radical scavenging, α-glucosidase inhibitory and anti-inflammatory effects of constituents isolated from Indian sedges viz.C. scariosusandC. rotundus. The results indicated that phenolic compounds displayed potent fee radical scavenging activty and alpha-glucosidase inhibition activity. While terpene constituent, Lupeol[3] showed good IL-1βactivity inhibition in THP-1 monocytic cells and also displayed significant (p<0.0025)in vivoanti inflammatory activity in carrageenan induced rat paw edema. However, further studies are required to know the exact molecular mechanism.Abbreviations used:DPPH: 2,2- Diphenyl-1-1-picryl hydrazyl, ABTS: 2,2-Azinobis-3-ethylbenzo thiazoline-6-sulfonic acid, THP-1: Human leukaemia monocytic cell line, IL-1β: Interleukin-1β, IC50-Inhibitory concentration 50%.
authors.affiliation: Biomedical Research Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, K L E F University, Vaddeswaram, Guntur, Andhra Pradesh, India.
authors.forename: Lavanya
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Kakarla
authors.affiliation: Division of Natural Products Chemistry, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Uppal Road, Hyderabad, India.
authors.forename: Suresh Babu
authors.initials: SB
authors.lastname: Katragadda
authors.affiliation: Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmacology Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Uppal Road, Hyderabad, India.
authors.forename: Ashok K
authors.initials: AK
authors.lastname: Tiwari
authors.affiliation: Centre for Chemical Biology, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Uppal Road, Hyderabad, India.
authors.forename: K Srigiridhar
authors.initials: KS
authors.lastname: Kotamraju
authors.affiliation: Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmacology Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Uppal Road, Hyderabad, India.
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Madhusudana
authors.affiliation: Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmacology Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Uppal Road, Hyderabad, India.
authors.forename: D Anand
authors.initials: DA
authors.lastname: Kumar
authors.affiliation: Biomedical Research Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, K L E F University, Vaddeswaram, Guntur, Andhra Pradesh, India.
authors.forename: Mahendran
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Botlagunta
keywords: Alpha amylase; Cyperus scariosus and Cyperus rotundus.; IL-1β inflammation; alpha glucosidase; antioxidant activity