title: Human papillomaviruses genotyping in plantar warts.
abstract: Plantar warts are caused by human papillomaviruses (HPVs) and have been associated with several HPV genotypes. However, there are few studies focused exclusively on plantar warts. In this work, we aim to identify the HPV genotypes of plantar warts and explore their relation to demographic and clinical characteristics of patients. A total of 72 patients diagnosed with plantar warts were recruited at the Laser unit at Podiatric Hospital, University of Barcelona, Spain. Inner hyperkeratosis laminar sections of warts were collected and DNA of samples were extracted. Amplification of a conserved region of the HPV L1 gene was performed with the SK-Polymerase chain reaction method. DNA amplicons were sequenced and HPV types identified. The most prevalent genotypes detected among the 105 analyzed plantar warts were HPV-57 (37.1%), HPV-27 (23.8%), HPV-1a (20.9%), HPV-2 (15.2%), and HPV-65 (2.8%). The majority of patients (78%) presented one single plantar wart, whereas multiple warts were detected in 22.2% of patients. One patient with multiple warts presented HPV types from two different genera, suggesting the spread of warts by self-inoculation as well as by de novo infection. No significant differences between the number of warts in toes, midfoot and heel were found. The most prevalent HPV types detected in all areas belonged to the alpha genus. This work provides new insight on plantar warts and their associated HPV genotypes, and evidences the usefulness and reliability of both the sample collection procedure and the PCR method used for HPV detection and typing. J. Med. Virol. 89:902-907, 2017. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Molecular Microbiology and Antimicrobials, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Pathology and Experimental Therapeutics, Podiatric Hospital, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.|Podiatric Hospital, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.
authors.forename: Elena
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: de Planell-Mas
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Molecular Microbiology and Antimicrobials, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Pathology and Experimental Therapeutics, Podiatric Hospital, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.
authors.forename: Blanca
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Martínez-Garriga
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Molecular Microbiology and Antimicrobials, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Pathology and Experimental Therapeutics, Podiatric Hospital, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.|Podiatric Hospital, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.
authors.forename: Antonio Jesús
authors.initials: AJ
authors.lastname: Zalacain
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Molecular Microbiology and Antimicrobials, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Pathology and Experimental Therapeutics, Podiatric Hospital, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.
authors.forename: Teresa
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Vinuesa
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Molecular Microbiology and Antimicrobials, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Pathology and Experimental Therapeutics, Podiatric Hospital, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.
authors.forename: Miguel
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Viñas
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D036022:Capsid Proteins / Q000235:genetics; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D060085:Coinfection / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000821:virology; D004279:DNA, Viral / Q000235:genetics; D005260:Female; D005534:Foot Diseases / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000821:virology*; D005838:Genotype; D060005:Genotyping Techniques; D006785:Hospitals, University; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D017720:Molecular Epidemiology; D027383:Papillomaviridae / Q000145:classification* / Q000235:genetics* / Q000302:isolation & purification; D015995:Prevalence; D013030:Spain / Q000453:epidemiology; D014860:Warts / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000821:virology*; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D036022:Capsid Proteins; D004279:DNA, Viral
keywords: BLAST algorithm; DNA extraction; DNA purification; HPV genotypes; biostatistics and bioinformatics; human papillomavirus; plantar warts (or foot warts); research and analysis methods; virus classification