title: Facile Synthesis of Monodisperse Gold Nanocrystals Using Virola oleifera.
abstract: The development of new routes and strategies for nanotechnology applications that only employ green synthesis has inspired investigators to devise natural systems. Among these systems, the synthesis of gold nanoparticles using plant extracts has been actively developed as an alternative, efficient, cost-effective, and environmentally safe method for producing nanoparticles, and this approach is also suitable for large-scale synthesis. This study reports reproducible and completely natural gold nanocrystals that were synthesized using Virola oleifera extract. V. oleifera resin is rich in epicatechin, ferulic acid, gallic acid, and flavonoids (i.e., quercetin and eriodictyol). These gold nanoparticles play three roles. First, these nanoparticles exhibit remarkable stability based on their zeta potential. Second, these nanoparticles are functionalized with flavonoids, and third, an efficient, economical, and environmentally friendly mechanism can be employed to produce green nanoparticles with organic compounds on the surface. Our model is capable of reducing the resin of V. oleifera, which creates stability and opens a new avenue for biological applications. This method does not require painstaking conditions or hazardous agents and is a rapid, efficient, and green approach for the fabrication of monodisperse gold nanoparticles. Graphical Abstract The Virola oleifera reduction method for the synthesis of gold nanoparticles (AuNP's).
authors.affiliation: Federal University of Espirito Santo, Av Marechal Campos1468, Vitória, ES, 29.040-090, Brazil.
authors.forename: Bárbara A
authors.initials: BA
authors.lastname: Milaneze
authors.affiliation: Federal University of Espirito Santo, Av Marechal Campos1468, Vitória, ES, 29.040-090, Brazil.
authors.forename: Jairo P
authors.initials: JP
authors.lastname: Oliveira
authors.affiliation: Federal University of Espirito Santo, Av Marechal Campos1468, Vitória, ES, 29.040-090, Brazil.
authors.forename: Ingrid
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Augusto
authors.affiliation: Federal University of Espirito Santo, Av Marechal Campos1468, Vitória, ES, 29.040-090, Brazil.
authors.forename: Wanderson J
authors.initials: WJ
authors.lastname: Keijok
authors.affiliation: Federal University of Espirito Santo, Av Marechal Campos1468, Vitória, ES, 29.040-090, Brazil.
authors.forename: Andressa S
authors.initials: AS
authors.lastname: Côrrea
authors.affiliation: Federal University of Espirito Santo, Av Marechal Campos1468, Vitória, ES, 29.040-090, Brazil.
authors.forename: Débora M
authors.initials: DM
authors.lastname: Ferreira
authors.affiliation: Federal University of Espirito Santo, Av Marechal Campos1468, Vitória, ES, 29.040-090, Brazil.
authors.forename: Otalíbio C
authors.initials: OC
authors.lastname: Nunes
authors.affiliation: Federal University of Espirito Santo, Av Marechal Campos1468, Vitória, ES, 29.040-090, Brazil.
authors.forename: Rita de Cássia R
authors.initials: RC
authors.lastname: Gonçalves
authors.affiliation: Federal University of Espirito Santo, Av Marechal Campos1468, Vitória, ES, 29.040-090, Brazil.
authors.forename: Rodrigo R
authors.initials: RR
authors.lastname: Kitagawa
authors.affiliation: Federal Institute of Espírito Santo, Av. Morobá, 248 - Morobá, Aracruz, ES, 29192-733, Brazil.
authors.forename: Vinícius G
authors.initials: VG
authors.lastname: Celante
authors.affiliation: Federal Institute of Espírito Santo, Av. Morobá, 248 - Morobá, Aracruz, ES, 29192-733, Brazil.
authors.forename: André Romero
authors.initials: AR
authors.lastname: da Silva
authors.affiliation: Vila Velha University, Rua Comissário José Dantas de Melo, 21, Boa Vista, Vila Velha, ES, 29102-770, Brazil.
authors.forename: Ana Claudia H
authors.initials: AC
authors.lastname: Pereira
authors.affiliation: Federal Institute of Espírito Santo, Av. Morobá, 248 - Morobá, Aracruz, ES, 29192-733, Brazil.|Vila Velha University, Rua Comissário José Dantas de Melo, 21, Boa Vista, Vila Velha, ES, 29102-770, Brazil.
authors.forename: Denise C
authors.initials: DC
authors.lastname: Endringer
authors.affiliation: Federal University of Espirito Santo, Av Marechal Campos1468, Vitória, ES, 29.040-090, Brazil.
authors.forename: Ricardo P
authors.initials: RP
authors.lastname: Schuenck
authors.affiliation: Federal University of Espirito Santo, Av Marechal Campos1468, Vitória, ES, 29.040-090, Brazil. marco.guimaraes@ufes.br.
authors.forename: Marco C C
authors.initials: MC
authors.lastname: Guimarães
keywords: Flavonoids; Gold nanoparticles; Green synthesis; Virola oleifera