title: Frequency of intake and amount of fluoride in milk for remineralisation of artificial caries on enamel and dentine: Ex vivo/in situ study.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  This study analysed the effect of frequency of intake and amount of fluoride in milk on the remineralisation of artificial enamel and dentine caries lesions ex vivo/in situ.
  
  
  METHODS
  Pre-demineralised bovine enamel and dentine slabs were randomly allocated into 5 groups and fixed in removable appliances used by subjects for 7days in each phase. Each treatment comprised milk containing 2.5ppm fluoride daily (T1), or every other day (T2), 5.0ppm F daily (T3), or every other day (T4) or no treatment (T5).
  
  
  RESULTS
  Enamel alterations were quantified by surface hardness recovery (%SHR) and transversal microradiography (TMR), and in dentine by TMR only. Data were analysed by ANOVA and Tukey's test (p<0.05). For enamel, the highest %SHR was found for T1 and T3 compared to control, without significant differences between them. All groups showed positive values of ΔΔZ - T1 (247.3±198.5); T2 (110.9±303.2); T3 (226.0±299.2); T5 (5.0±288.0), except T4 (-274.5±407.3). For dentine, the only group that presented remineralisation was T2 (350.0±657.5).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Fluoridated milk daily seems to have higher remineralising effect on enamel than its use every other day. Dentine, does not seem to benefit from daily use of fluoridated milk.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biological Sciences, Bauru School of Dentistry, University of São Paulo, Bauru, SP, Al. Octávio Pinheiro Brisolla, 9-75, Bauru, SP, 17012-901, Brazil. Electronic address: luiza.cassiano@usp.br.
authors.forename: Luiza
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Cassiano
authors.affiliation: Araçatuba Dental School, UNESP - Univ Estadual Paulista, Araçatuba, SP, R. José Bonifácio, 1193, Araçatuba, SP, 16015-050, Brazil. Electronic address: jpessan@foa.unesp.br.
authors.forename: Juliano
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Pessan
authors.affiliation: School of Dentistry, Univ. Cidade de São Paulo (UNICID), R. Cesário Galeno, 448/475, São Paulo-SP, 03071-000, Brazil. Electronic address: liviacomar@yahoo.com.br.
authors.forename: Livia
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Comar
authors.affiliation: Department of Biological Sciences, Bauru School of Dentistry, University of São Paulo, Bauru, SP, Al. Octávio Pinheiro Brisolla, 9-75, Bauru, SP, 17012-901, Brazil. Electronic address: flalevy@usp.br.
authors.forename: Flavia
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Levy
authors.affiliation: Institute of Dentistry, Cruzeiro do Sul University, R. Galvão Bueno, 868, São Paulo-SP, 01506-000, Brazil. Electronic address: crisbaldini@usp.br.
authors.forename: Cristiane
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Cardoso
authors.affiliation: Department of Biological Sciences, Bauru School of Dentistry, University of São Paulo, Bauru, SP, Al. Octávio Pinheiro Brisolla, 9-75, Bauru, SP, 17012-901, Brazil. Electronic address: stars_line@hotmail.com.
authors.forename: Aline
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Dionisio
authors.affiliation: Araçatuba Dental School, UNESP - Univ Estadual Paulista, Araçatuba, SP, R. José Bonifácio, 1193, Araçatuba, SP, 16015-050, Brazil. Electronic address: michelemanarelli@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Michele
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Manarelli
authors.affiliation: Department of Biological Sciences, Bauru School of Dentistry, University of São Paulo, Bauru, SP, Al. Octávio Pinheiro Brisolla, 9-75, Bauru, SP, 17012-901, Brazil. Electronic address: larissagrizzo@yahoo.com.br.
authors.forename: Larissa
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Grizzo
authors.affiliation: Department of Biological Sciences, Bauru School of Dentistry, University of São Paulo, Bauru, SP, Al. Octávio Pinheiro Brisolla, 9-75, Bauru, SP, 17012-901, Brazil. Electronic address: acm@fob.usp.br.
authors.forename: Ana Carolina
authors.initials: AC
authors.lastname: Magalhães
authors.affiliation: Department of Biological Sciences, Bauru School of Dentistry, University of São Paulo, Bauru, SP, Al. Octávio Pinheiro Brisolla, 9-75, Bauru, SP, 17012-901, Brazil. Electronic address: mbuzalaf@fob.usp.br.
authors.forename: Marília
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Buzalaf
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002327:Cariostatic Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage; D002417:Cattle; D018592:Cross-Over Studies; D003731:Dental Caries / Q000188:drug therapy*; D003743:Dental Enamel / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000473:pathology; D003804:Dentin / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000473:pathology; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D004311:Double-Blind Method; D005260:Female; D005459:Fluorides / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008852:Microradiography; D008892:Milk / Q000737:chemistry*; D010710:Phosphates / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D013499:Surface Properties; D014089:Tooth Remineralization / Q000379:methods*
chemical_list: D002327:Cariostatic Agents; D010710:Phosphates; C012980:fluorophosphate; D005459:Fluorides
keywords: Caries; Dentine; Enamel; Fluoride; Milk; Remineralisation