title: Alkannin inhibits CCL3 and CCL5 production in human periodontal ligament cells.
abstract: Alkannin, which is found in Alkanna tinctoria, a member of the borage family, is used as a food coloring. Alkannin has recently been reported to have certain biological functions, such as anti-microbial and anti-oxidant effects. It is known that CC chemokine receptor (CCR) 5-positive leukocytes contribute to alveolar bone resorption in periodontal lesions. The aim of this study was to examine whether alkannin inhibits the production of CC chemokine ligand (CCL) 3 and CCL5, which are CCR5 ligands, in human periodontal ligament cells (HPDLC). Interleukin (IL)-1β induced CCL3 and CCL5 production in HPDLC. Alkannin inhibited IL-1β-mediated CCL3 and CCL5 production in HPDLC in a dose-dependent manner. Moreover, we revealed that alkannin suppressed inhibitor of kappa B-α degradation in IL-1β-stimulated HPDLC. In addition, a nuclear factor (NF)-κB inhibitor significantly inhibited CCL3 and CCL5 production in IL-1β-stimulated HPDLC. These results demonstrate that alkannin inhibits CCR5 ligand production in IL-1β-stimulated HPDLC by attenuating the NF-κB signaling pathway.
authors.affiliation: Department of Conservative Dentistry, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University Graduate School, Tokushima, Tokushima, Japan.
authors.forename: Yoshitaka
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Hosokawa
authors.affiliation: Department of Conservative Dentistry, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University Graduate School, Tokushima, Tokushima, Japan.
authors.forename: Ikuko
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Hosokawa
authors.affiliation: Department of Conservative Dentistry, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University Graduate School, Tokushima, Tokushima, Japan.
authors.forename: Satoru
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Shindo
authors.affiliation: Graduate School of Mathematical Sciences, University of Tokyo, Meguro-ku, Tokyo, Japan.
authors.forename: Yoshihiro
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Ohta
authors.affiliation: Department of Oral Health Care Promotion, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University Graduate School, Tokushima, Japan.
authors.forename: Kazumi
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Ozaki
authors.affiliation: Department of Conservative Dentistry, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University Graduate School, Tokushima, Tokushima, Japan.
authors.forename: Takashi
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Matsuo
mesh_terms: D002478:Cells, Cultured; D054405:Chemokine CCL3 / Q000096:biosynthesis*; D018946:Chemokine CCL5 / Q000096:biosynthesis*; D006801:Humans; D020672:I-kappa B Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D053583:Interleukin-1beta / Q000494:pharmacology; D008024:Ligands; D009285:Naphthoquinones / Q000494:pharmacology*; D010513:Periodontal Ligament / Q000166:cytology* / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism*; D010766:Phosphorylation / Q000187:drug effects; D059748:Proteolysis / Q000187:drug effects; D051996:Transcription Factor RelA / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D054405:Chemokine CCL3; D018946:Chemokine CCL5; D020672:I-kappa B Proteins; D053583:Interleukin-1beta; D008024:Ligands; D009285:Naphthoquinones; D051996:Transcription Factor RelA; C018204:alkannin
keywords: CCL3; CCL5; NF-κB; alkannin; periodontal ligament cells