title: Systematic literature review shows that appetite rating does not predict energy intake.
abstract: Ratings of appetite are commonly used to assess appetite modification following an intervention. Subjectively rated appetite is a widely employed proxy measure for energy intake (EI), measurement of which requires greater time and resources. However, the validity of appetite as a reliable predictor of EI has not yet been reviewed systematically. This literature search identified studies that quantified both appetite ratings and EI. Outcomes were predefined as: (1) agreement between self-reported appetite scores and EI; (2) no agreement between self-reported appetitescores and EI. The presence of direct statistical comparison between the endpoints, intervention type and study population were also recorded. 462 papers were included in this review. Appetite scores failed to correspond with EI in 51.3% of the total studies. Only 6% of all studies evaluated here reported a direct statistical comparison between appetite scores and EI. χ2analysis demonstrated that any relationship between EI and appetite was independent of study type stratification by age, gender or sample size. The very substantive corpus reviewed allows us to conclude that self-reported appetite ratings of appetite do not reliably predict EI. Caution should be exercised when drawing conclusions based from self-reported appetite scores in relation to prospective EI.
authors.affiliation: a Molecular Gastroenterology Research Group , Academic Unit of Surgical Oncology, The Medical School, University of Sheffield , Sheffield , United Kingdom.
authors.forename: Guy M
authors.initials: GM
authors.lastname: Holt
authors.affiliation: b University of Central Lancashire , Psychology Department , Preston , Lancashire , United Kingdom.
authors.forename: Lauren J
authors.initials: LJ
authors.lastname: Owen
authors.affiliation: a Molecular Gastroenterology Research Group , Academic Unit of Surgical Oncology, The Medical School, University of Sheffield , Sheffield , United Kingdom.
authors.forename: Sophie
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Till
authors.affiliation: a Molecular Gastroenterology Research Group , Academic Unit of Surgical Oncology, The Medical School, University of Sheffield , Sheffield , United Kingdom.
authors.forename: Yanying
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Cheng
authors.affiliation: a Molecular Gastroenterology Research Group , Academic Unit of Surgical Oncology, The Medical School, University of Sheffield , Sheffield , United Kingdom.
authors.forename: Vicky A
authors.initials: VA
authors.lastname: Grant
authors.affiliation: a Molecular Gastroenterology Research Group , Academic Unit of Surgical Oncology, The Medical School, University of Sheffield , Sheffield , United Kingdom.
authors.forename: Charlotte J
authors.initials: CJ
authors.lastname: Harden
authors.affiliation: a Molecular Gastroenterology Research Group , Academic Unit of Surgical Oncology, The Medical School, University of Sheffield , Sheffield , United Kingdom.|c Insigneo Institute for in Silico Medicine, University of Sheffield , Sheffield , United Kingdom.
authors.forename: Bernard M
authors.initials: BM
authors.lastname: Corfe
mesh_terms: D001066:Appetite / Q000502:physiology*; D002149:Energy Intake / Q000502:physiology*; D015444:Exercise; D006801:Humans; D011446:Prospective Studies
keywords: Appetite; appetite rating scales; energy intake; self-report appetite; systematic review; visual analogue scales