title: Disruptions in neural connectivity associated with reduced susceptibility to a depth inversion illusion in youth at ultra high risk for psychosis.
abstract: Patients with psychosis exhibit a reduced susceptibility to depth inversion illusions (DII) in which a physically concave surface is perceived as convex (e.g., the hollow mask illusion). Here, we examined the extent to which lessened susceptibility to DII characterized youth at ultra high risk (UHR) for psychosis. In this study, 44 UHR participants and 29 healthy controls judged the apparent convexity of face-like human masks, two of which were concave and the other convex. One of the concave masks was painted with realistic texture to enhance the illusion; the other was shown without such texture. Networks involved with top-down and bottom-up processing were evaluated with resting state functional connectivity magnetic resonance imaging (fcMRI). We examined regions associated with the fronto-parietal network and the visual system and their relations with susceptibility to DII. Consistent with prior studies, the UHR group was less susceptible to DII (i.e., they were characterized by more veridical perception of the stimuli) than the healthy control group. Veridical responses were related to weaker connectivity within the fronto-parietal network, and this relationship was stronger in the UHR group, suggesting possible abnormalities of top-down modulation of sensory signals. This could serve as a vulnerability marker and a further clue to the pathogenesis of psychosis.
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychology, Northwestern University, United States.
authors.forename: Tina
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Gupta
authors.affiliation: University Behavioral Health Care, Department of Psychiatry, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, United States.
authors.forename: Steven M
authors.initials: SM
authors.lastname: Silverstein
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychology, Texas A&M University, United States.
authors.forename: Jessica A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Bernard
authors.affiliation: University Behavioral Health Care, Department of Psychiatry, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, United States; Center for Cognitive Science, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, United States.
authors.forename: Brian P
authors.initials: BP
authors.lastname: Keane
authors.affiliation: Center for Cognitive Science, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, United States; Department of Biomedical Engineering, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, United States.
authors.forename: Thomas V
authors.initials: TV
authors.lastname: Papathomas
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, University of Colorado, United States.
authors.forename: Andrea
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Pelletier-Baldelli
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, University of Colorado, United States.
authors.forename: Derek J
authors.initials: DJ
authors.lastname: Dean
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, University of Colorado, United States.
authors.forename: Raeana E
authors.initials: RE
authors.lastname: Newberry
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychology, Northwestern University, United States.
authors.forename: Ivanka
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Ristanovic
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychology, Northwestern University, United States; Department of Psychiatry, Northwestern University, United States; Institute for Policy Research, Northwestern University, United States; Department of Medical Social Sciences, Northwestern University, United States.
authors.forename: Vijay A
authors.initials: VA
authors.lastname: Mittal
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D002540:Cerebral Cortex / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000503:physiopathology*; D063132:Connectome / Q000379:methods*; D003867:Depth Perception / Q000502:physiology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007088:Illusions / Q000502:physiology*; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging; D008297:Male; D010364:Pattern Recognition, Visual / Q000502:physiology*; D011618:Psychotic Disorders / Q000503:physiopathology*; D055815:Young Adult
keywords: Bottom-up processing; Depth inversion illusion; Hollow-mask illusion; Top-down processing; UHR; fcMRI