title: Acute phase proteins in dogs naturally infected with the Giant Kidney Worm (Dioctophyme renale).
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Dioctophyme renale is a nematode parasite of dogs, usually found in the right kidney, causing severe damage to the renal parenchyma.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  The objective was to evaluate the acute phase response in dogs naturally infected with this Giant Kidney Worm and the possible effects of nephrectomy on circulating concentrations of select acute phase proteins (APP) such as serum amyloid A (SAA), C-reactive protein (CRP), and haptoglobin (HP).
  
  
  METHODS
  Nephrectomy was performed in infected dogs and the worms were collected for identification. Blood samples were taken 24 hours before surgery, and 4, 8, and 12 hours postoperatively on the following 10 consecutive days, and 28 days after surgery. Acute phase protein concentrations were determined at all time points. Cortisol concentrations were determined 24 hours before surgery and at recovery (28 days after surgery). One-way ANOVA and Friedman test were used for multiple comparisons; the Wilcoxon-signed rank test was used to compare variables, and Spearman's rho rank test was used to assess the correlation between the number of parasites recovered from the dogs and the APP concentration.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Forty-five parasites were recovered from the 12 dogs evaluated in this study. Dogs showed significantly increased HP concentrations (P < .05) but lower CRP and SAA concentrations before surgery, and cortisol concentrations were significantly higher at admission when compared to recovery. No significant correlations were found between the number of parasites and APP concentrations.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  There is a particular acute phase response profile in dogs with kidney worm infection. Nephrectomy induced a short-term inflammatory process.
authors.affiliation: Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, São Paulo State University (FMVZ-UNESP), Botucatu, Brazil.
authors.forename: Elizabeth M S
authors.initials: EM
authors.lastname: Schmidt
authors.affiliation: Department of Veterinary Clinical and Animal Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.
authors.forename: Mads
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kjelgaard-Hansen
authors.affiliation: Department of Veterinary Physiology and Pharmacology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Federal University of Agriculture Abeokuta, Abeokuta, Nigeria.
authors.forename: Funmilola
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Thomas
authors.affiliation: Institute of Biodiversity, Animal Health and Comparative Medicine, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK.
authors.forename: Asta
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Tvarijonaviciute
authors.affiliation: Interdisciplinary Laboratory of Clinical Pathology, Interlab-UMU, Campus of Excellence Mare Nostrum, University of Murcia, Spain.
authors.forename: José J
authors.initials: JJ
authors.lastname: Cerón
authors.affiliation: Institute of Biodiversity, Animal Health and Comparative Medicine, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK.
authors.forename: P David
authors.initials: PD
authors.lastname: Eckersall
mesh_terms: D000209:Acute-Phase Proteins / Q000032:analysis*; D000818:Animals; D002097:C-Reactive Protein / Q000032:analysis; D017159:Dioctophymatoidea / Q000502:physiology*; D004283:Dog Diseases / Q000097:blood* / Q000469:parasitology / Q000601:surgery; D004285:Dogs; D017189:Enoplida Infections / Q000097:blood* / Q000469:parasitology / Q000601:surgery; D005260:Female; D006242:Haptoglobins / Q000032:analysis; D007668:Kidney / Q000469:parasitology / Q000601:surgery; D008297:Male; D009392:Nephrectomy / Q000662:veterinary; D000685:Serum Amyloid A Protein / Q000032:analysis
chemical_list: D000209:Acute-Phase Proteins; D006242:Haptoglobins; D000685:Serum Amyloid A Protein; D002097:C-Reactive Protein
keywords: 
  CRP
  ; 
  SAA
  ; Cortisol; haptoglobin; kidney; nematodes; parasites