title: Outlining the Ancestry Landscape of Colombian Admixed Populations.
abstract: The ancestry of the Colombian population comprises a large number of well differentiated Native communities belonging to diverse linguistic groups. In the late fifteenth century, a process of admixture was initiated with the arrival of the Europeans, and several years later, Africans also became part of the Colombian population. Therefore, the genepool of the current Colombian population results from the admixture of Native Americans, Europeans and Africans. This admixture occurred differently in each region of the country, producing a clearly stratified population. Considering the importance of population substructure in both clinical and forensic genetics, we sought to investigate and compare patterns of genetic ancestry in Colombia by studying samples from Native and non-Native populations living in its 5 continental regions: the Andes, Caribe, Amazonia, Orinoquía, and Pacific regions. For this purpose, 46 AIM-Indels were genotyped in 761 non-related individuals from current populations. Previously published genotype data from 214 Colombian Natives from five communities were used for population comparisons. Significant differences were observed between Native and non-Native populations, among non-Native populations from different regions and among Native populations from different ethnic groups. The Pacific was the region with the highest African ancestry, Amazonia harboured the highest Native ancestry and the Andean and Orinoquían regions showed the highest proportion of European ancestry. The Andean region was further sub-divided into 6 sub-regions: North East, Central West, Central East, West, South West and South East. Among these regions, the South West region showed a significantly lower European admixture than the other regions. Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium and variance values of ancestry among individuals within populations showed a potential stratification of the Pacific population.
authors.affiliation: Pontificia Universidad Javeriana, Facultad de Ciencias, Bogotá, Colombia.|Laboratório de Genética y Biología Molecular, Bogotá, Colombia.
authors.forename: Humberto
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Ossa
authors.affiliation: DNA Diagnostic Laboratory (LDD), State University of Rio de Janeiro (UERJ), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
authors.forename: Juliana
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Aquino
authors.affiliation: i3S (Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde), Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal.|IPATIMUP (Instituto de Patologia e Imunologia Molecular da Universidade do Porto), Porto, Portugal.
authors.forename: Rui
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Pereira
authors.affiliation: IdentiGEN - Genetic Identification Laboratory and Research Group of Genetic Identification, Institute of Biology, School of Natural and Exact Sciences (FCEN), University of Antioquia, Medellin, Antioquia, Colombia.
authors.forename: Adriana
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Ibarra
authors.affiliation: Laboratório de Genética y Biología Molecular, Bogotá, Colombia.|Universidad El Bosque, Facultad de Medicina, Bogotá, Colombia.
authors.forename: Rafael H
authors.initials: RH
authors.lastname: Ossa
authors.affiliation: Laboratorio de genética humana, Universidad de los Andes, Bogotá, Colombia.
authors.forename: Luz Adriana
authors.initials: LA
authors.lastname: Pérez
authors.affiliation: IdentiGEN - Genetic Identification Laboratory and Research Group of Genetic Identification, Institute of Biology, School of Natural and Exact Sciences (FCEN), University of Antioquia, Medellin, Antioquia, Colombia.
authors.forename: Juan David
authors.initials: JD
authors.lastname: Granda
authors.affiliation: Laboratorio de genética humana, Universidad de los Andes, Bogotá, Colombia.
authors.forename: Maria Claudia
authors.initials: MC
authors.lastname: Lattig
authors.affiliation: Laboratorio de genética humana, Universidad de los Andes, Bogotá, Colombia.
authors.forename: Helena
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Groot
authors.affiliation: DNA Diagnostic Laboratory (LDD), State University of Rio de Janeiro (UERJ), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
authors.forename: Elizeu
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Fagundes de Carvalho
authors.affiliation: DNA Diagnostic Laboratory (LDD), State University of Rio de Janeiro (UERJ), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.|IPATIMUP (Instituto de Patologia e Imunologia Molecular da Universidade do Porto), Porto, Portugal.
authors.forename: Leonor
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Gusmão
mesh_terms: D044383:Black People / Q000235:genetics; D003105:Colombia; D004247:DNA / Q000032:analysis / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000378:metabolism; D005819:Genetic Markers; D005828:Genetics, Population; D005838:Genotype; D006801:Humans; D007198:Indians, North American / Q000235:genetics; D007199:Indians, South American / Q000235:genetics; D044465:White People / Q000235:genetics
chemical_list: D005819:Genetic Markers; D004247:DNA