title: Clinical application of protein induced by vitamin K antagonist-II as a biomarker in hepatocellular carcinoma.
abstract: Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the third leading cause of cancer deaths worldwide. Early diagnosis improves the prognosis. Protein induced by vitamin K antagonist-II (PIVKA-II) is an effective serum biomarker for HCC diagnosis and prognosis. Combined with another serum biomarker α-fetoprotein (AFP), the sensitivity and specificity of HCC diagnosis can be improved to a maximum of 94 and 98.5 %, respectively. PIVKA-II alone or in combination with AFP and/or AFP-L3 was effective in predicting the treatment response and clinical outcome of curative hepatic resection, chemotherapy, targeted therapy, radiotherapy, and liver transplantation. Japanese clinical guidelines recommend the combined use of PIVKA-II and AFP for the diagnosis of HCC, management of high-risk population, and prognosis of anticancer treatment. Further, PIVKA-II as a functional target promoted HCC cell proliferation, invasion, and metastasis by activating c-Met and other signal transduction pathways. Inhibition of PIVKA-II may provide a selective and effective therapy for HCC.
authors.affiliation: Department of Hepatic Surgery, Eastern Hepatobiliary Surgery Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, 200438, China.
authors.forename: Hao
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Xing
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical Laboratory, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, China.
authors.forename: Cunling
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Yan
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical Laboratory, Tongji Hospital, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.
authors.forename: Liming
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Cheng
authors.affiliation: The Second Hospital of Nanjing, Affiliated to Medical School of Southeast University, Nanjing, China.
authors.forename: Nianyue
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: Department of Hepatic Surgery, Eastern Hepatobiliary Surgery Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, 200438, China.
authors.forename: Shuyang
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Dai
authors.affiliation: Department of Hepatic Surgery, Eastern Hepatobiliary Surgery Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, 200438, China.
authors.forename: Jianyong
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Yuan
authors.affiliation: Department of Hepatic Surgery, Eastern Hepatobiliary Surgery Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, 200438, China.
authors.forename: Wenfeng
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Lu
authors.affiliation: Department of Hepatic Surgery, Eastern Hepatobiliary Surgery Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, 200438, China.
authors.forename: Zhouchong
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: Department of Hepatic Surgery, Eastern Hepatobiliary Surgery Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, 200438, China.
authors.forename: Jun
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Han
authors.affiliation: Medical Scientific Affairs, Abbott Diagnostics, Shanghai, 200003, China. Yijie.zheng@abbott.com.
authors.forename: Yijie
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Zheng
authors.affiliation: Department of Hepatic Surgery, Eastern Hepatobiliary Surgery Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, 200438, China. yangtian6666@hotmail.com.
authors.forename: Tian
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Yang
keywords: Biomarker; Diagnosis; Hepatocellular carcinoma; Protein induced by vitamin K antagonist-II; Treatment outcome