title: Protein secretion in Corynebacterium glutamicum.
abstract: Corynebacterium glutamicum, a Gram-positive bacterium, has been widely used for the industrial production of amino acids, such as glutamate and lysine, for decades. Due to several characteristics - its ability to secrete properly folded and functional target proteins into culture broth, its low levels of endogenous extracellular proteins and its lack of detectable extracellular hydrolytic enzyme activity - C. glutamicum is also a very favorable host cell for the secretory production of heterologous proteins, important enzymes, and pharmaceutical proteins. The target proteins are secreted into the culture medium, which has attractive advantages over the manufacturing process for inclusion of body expression - the simplified downstream purification process. The secretory process of proteins is complicated and energy consuming. There are two major secretory pathways in C. glutamicum, the Sec pathway and the Tat pathway, both have specific signal peptides that mediate the secretion of the target proteins. In the present review, we critically discuss recent progress in the secretory production of heterologous proteins and examine in depth the mechanisms of the protein translocation process in C. glutamicum. Some successful case studies of actual applications of this secretory expression host are also evaluated. Finally, the existing issues and solutions in using C. glutamicum as a host of secretory proteins are specifically addressed.
authors.affiliation: a National Engineering Laboratory for Cereal Fermentation Technology , Jiangnan University , Wuxi , China.|b The Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, Ministry of Education , School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University , Wuxi , China.
authors.forename: Xiuxia
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.affiliation: a National Engineering Laboratory for Cereal Fermentation Technology , Jiangnan University , Wuxi , China.|b The Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, Ministry of Education , School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University , Wuxi , China.
authors.forename: Wei
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: a National Engineering Laboratory for Cereal Fermentation Technology , Jiangnan University , Wuxi , China.|b The Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, Ministry of Education , School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University , Wuxi , China.
authors.forename: Zihao
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Zhao
authors.affiliation: a National Engineering Laboratory for Cereal Fermentation Technology , Jiangnan University , Wuxi , China.|b The Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, Ministry of Education , School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University , Wuxi , China.
authors.forename: Xiaofeng
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Dai
authors.affiliation: a National Engineering Laboratory for Cereal Fermentation Technology , Jiangnan University , Wuxi , China.|b The Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, Ministry of Education , School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University , Wuxi , China.
authors.forename: Yankun
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.affiliation: a National Engineering Laboratory for Cereal Fermentation Technology , Jiangnan University , Wuxi , China.|b The Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, Ministry of Education , School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University , Wuxi , China.
authors.forename: Zhonghu
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Bai
mesh_terms: D000596:Amino Acids / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000235:genetics*; D001426:Bacterial Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D048230:Corynebacterium glutamicum / Q000201:enzymology / Q000235:genetics*; D053858:Metabolic Networks and Pathways / Q000235:genetics; D021382:Protein Sorting Signals / Q000235:genetics
chemical_list: D000596:Amino Acids; D001426:Bacterial Proteins; D021382:Protein Sorting Signals
keywords: Corynebacterium glutamicum; protein secretion; protein translocation; signal peptide; the Sec pathway; the Tat pathway