title: Ontogenetic changes in sensitivity to nutrient limitation of tadpole growth.
abstract: According to ecological stoichiometry (ES), the growth of a consumer with abundant resources should increase as body and resource stoichiometry become more similar. However, for organisms with complex life cycles involving distinct changes in biology, nutrient demands might change in response to ontogenetic changes in body stoichiometry. Tadpole growth and development has been found to be largely nitrogen (N) limited, as predicted for organisms developing N-rich tissues like muscle. However, tadpole metamorphosis includes periods of rapid development of phosphorus (P)-rich bones in preparation for a terrestrial lifestyle. We hypothesized that tadpole growth and development will exhibit variable nutrient demands during different stages of ontogeny, due to predictable changes in body tissue stoichiometry. To test this, we raised tadpoles on four diets with varying N:P ratios and assessed growth and developmental rates. Specifically, we predicted that tadpoles would be sensitive to N limitation throughout ontogeny (consistent with previous studies), but also sensitive to P limitation during the process of long-bone ossification. Consistent with our prediction, tadpole growth rates and development were sensitive to N limitation throughout ontogeny. Increased dietary N led to a shorter time to metamorphosis and a larger mass at metamorphosis. Also as predicted, growth rates were sensitive to both N and P during the period of peak bone ossification, indicative of co-limitation. These results indicate that P limitation changes through tadpole ontogeny consistent with, and can be predicted by, shifts in body tissue stoichiometry. Future studies should investigate whether ontogenetic shifts in tadpole P limitation lead to seasonal shifts in wetland nutrient cycling.
authors.affiliation: Wayne State University School of Medicine, 540 E Canfield St, Detroit, MI, 48201, USA. jestephe@med.wayne.edu.edu.
authors.forename: Jeffrey P
authors.initials: JP
authors.lastname: Stephens
authors.affiliation: Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, 110 8th St., Troy, NY, USA.
authors.forename: Aaron B
authors.initials: AB
authors.lastname: Stoler
authors.affiliation: Oakland University, 2200 N. Squirrel Rd., Rochester, MI, USA.
authors.forename: Jason P
authors.initials: JP
authors.lastname: Sckrabulis
authors.affiliation: Oakland University, 2200 N. Squirrel Rd., Rochester, MI, USA.
authors.forename: Aaron J
authors.initials: AJ
authors.lastname: Fetzer
authors.affiliation: Oakland University, 2200 N. Squirrel Rd., Rochester, MI, USA.
authors.forename: Keith A
authors.initials: KA
authors.lastname: Berven
authors.affiliation: Oakland University, 2200 N. Squirrel Rd., Rochester, MI, USA.
authors.forename: Scott D
authors.initials: SD
authors.lastname: Tiegs
authors.affiliation: Oakland University, 2200 N. Squirrel Rd., Rochester, MI, USA.
authors.forename: Thomas R
authors.initials: TR
authors.lastname: Raffel
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001001:Anura; D004463:Ecology; D005502:Food; D007814:Larva; D009584:Nitrogen; D010758:Phosphorus
chemical_list: D010758:Phosphorus; D009584:Nitrogen
keywords: Amphibian; Ecological stoichiometry; Homeostasis; Ossification; Rheostasis