title: Equivalent Decline in Inflammation Markers with Tenofovir Disoproxil Fumarate vs. Tenofovir Alafenamide.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Initiation of antiretroviral therapy (ART) and subsequent virologic suppression reduces immune activation and systemic inflammation.
  
  
  METHODS
  We examined longitudinal changes in biomarkers of monocyte activation (sCD14, sCD163), and systemic (IL-6, hsCRP, sTNFR-I and D-dimer) and vascular (Lp-PLA2) inflammation in a subgroup (N=100 per arm) of participants enrolled in a randomized, placebo-controlled trial comparing elvitegravir/cobicistat/emtricitabine/tenofovir alafenamide (E/C/F/TAF; TAF) to E/C/F/tenofovir disoproxil fumarate (E/C/F/TDF; TDF) in treatment-naïve adults.
  
  
  RESULTS
  For 194 participants (TAF, 98; TDF, 96), baseline levels of biomarkers did not differ by treatment arm; there were no differences in biomarker values between groups at weeks 12, 24, or 48 (p>0.05), except IL-6 at week 12 (p=0.012). Among all participants (combining groups), there were statistically significant declines from baseline observed for D-dimer, sCD163, and sTNFR-1 by week 12 and IL-6 by week 24. The proportion of participants with Lp-LA2levels<200ng per mL (p=0.250) or hsCRP levels <3000mg per L (p=0.586) was unchanged through week 48.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  We observed equivalent declines in biomarkers of monocyte activation and systemic inflammation in treatment-naïve adults treated with TAF or TDF for 48weeks, suggesting that TAF and TDF have equivalent impact on immune activation and inflammation.
authors.affiliation: School of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences, Division of Medical Laboratory Science, Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA. Electronic address: nicholas.funderburg@osumc.edu.
authors.forename: Nicholas T
authors.initials: NT
authors.lastname: Funderburg
authors.affiliation: Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA; Rainbow Babies and Children's Hospital, University Hospitals Case Medical Center, Cleveland, OH, 44106, USA.
authors.forename: Grace A
authors.initials: GA
authors.lastname: McComsey
authors.affiliation: School of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences, Division of Medical Laboratory Science, Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA.
authors.forename: Manjusha
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kulkarni
authors.affiliation: School of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences, Division of Medical Laboratory Science, Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA.
authors.forename: Tammy
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Bannerman
authors.affiliation: School of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences, Division of Medical Laboratory Science, Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA.
authors.forename: Jessica
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Mantini
authors.affiliation: School of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences, Division of Medical Laboratory Science, Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA.
authors.forename: Bernadette
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Thornton
authors.affiliation: Gilead Sciences Inc., Foster City, CA 94404, USA.
authors.forename: Hui C
authors.initials: HC
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.affiliation: Gilead Sciences Inc., Foster City, CA 94404, USA.
authors.forename: Yafeng
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: Gilead Sciences Inc., Foster City, CA 94404, USA.
authors.forename: Qinghua
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Song
authors.affiliation: Gilead Sciences Inc., Foster City, CA 94404, USA.
authors.forename: Liang
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Fang
authors.affiliation: Gilead Sciences Inc., Foster City, CA 94404, USA.
authors.forename: Jason
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Dinoso
authors.affiliation: Gilead Sciences Inc., Foster City, CA 94404, USA.
authors.forename: Andrew
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Cheng
authors.affiliation: Gilead Sciences Inc., Foster City, CA 94404, USA.
authors.forename: Scott
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: McCallister
authors.affiliation: Gilead Sciences Inc., Foster City, CA 94404, USA.
authors.forename: Marshall W
authors.initials: MW
authors.lastname: Fordyce
authors.affiliation: Gilead Sciences Inc., Foster City, CA 94404, USA.
authors.forename: Moupali
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Das
mesh_terms: D000225:Adenine / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use; D000328:Adult; D000409:Alanine; D019380:Anti-HIV Agents / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D023241:Antiretroviral Therapy, Highly Active; D015415:Biomarkers; D015897:Comorbidity; D005260:Female; D015658:HIV Infections / Q000097:blood* / Q000276:immunology / Q000821:virology*; D015497:HIV-1 / Q000276:immunology; D006801:Humans; D018836:Inflammation Mediators / Q000097:blood*; D008297:Male; D012372:ROC Curve; D000068698:Tenofovir / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use* / Q000031:analogs & derivatives
chemical_list: D019380:Anti-HIV Agents; D015415:Biomarkers; D018836:Inflammation Mediators; D000068698:Tenofovir; C442442:tenofovir alafenamide; D000225:Adenine; D000409:Alanine
keywords: Biomarkers; Immune activation; Inflammation; Tenofovir alafenamide