title: Determinants of adaptation choices to climate change by sheep and goat farmers in Northern Ethiopia: the case of Southern and Central Tigray, Ethiopia.
abstract: The livestock sector serves as a foremost source of revenue for rural people, particularly in many developing countries. Among the livestock species, sheep and goats are the main source of livelihood for rural people in Ethiopia; they can quickly multiply, resilient and are easily convertible to cash to meet financial needs of the rural producers. The multiple contributions of sheep and goat and other livestock to rural farmers are however being challenged by climate change and variability. Farmers are responding to the impacts of climate change by adopting different mechanisms, where choices are largely dependent on many factors. This study, therefore, aims to analyze the determinants of choices of adaptation practices to climate change that causes scarcity of feed, heat stress, shortage of water and pasture on sheep and goat production. The study used 318 sample households drawn from potential livestock producing districts representing 3 agro-ecological settings. Data was analyzed using simple descriptive statistical tools, a multivariate probit model and Ordinary Least Squares (OLS). Most of the respondents (98.6 %) noted that climate is changing. Respondents' perception is that climate change is expressed through increased temperature (88 %) and decline in rainfall (73 %) over the last 10 years. The most commonly used adaptation strategy was marketing during forage shock (96.5 %), followed by home feeding (89.6 %). The estimation from the multivariate probit model showed that access to information, farming experience, number of households in one village, distance to main market, income of household, and agro-ecological settings influenced farmers' adaptation choices to climate change. Furthermore, OLS revealed that the adaptation strategies had positive influence on the household income.
authors.affiliation: Department of Natural Resource Economics and Management, College of Dryland Agriculture and Natural Resource, Mekelle University, P.O. Box 231, Mekelle, Ethiopia.
authors.forename: Fikeremaryam Birara
authors.initials: FB
authors.lastname: Feleke
authors.affiliation: Department of Natural Resource Economics and Management, College of Dryland Agriculture and Natural Resource, Mekelle University, P.O. Box 231, Mekelle, Ethiopia.
authors.forename: Melaku
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Berhe
authors.affiliation: MARIL Research and Development, P.O. Box 90112, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.
authors.forename: Getachew
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Gebru
authors.affiliation: Department of Agricultural and Resource Economics, Colorado State University, Fort Collils, CO 80523-1172 USA.
authors.forename: Dana
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Hoag
keywords: Adaptation; Agro-ecological settings; Choice; Climate change; Determinants; Goat; Sheep