title: Genetic diversity of the Hwp1 gene and HIS3, EF3, CDC3 microsatellites and antifungal susceptibility profiles of Candida albicans isolates from Yaoundé HIV-infected patients.
abstract: The molecular epidemiology and the antifungal susceptibility profiles of Candida albicans are scarce in Cameroon. Authors studied the genetic diversity and the antifungal susceptibility of C. albicans isolates from Yaoundé HIV-infected patients. Clinical isolates were obtained by mycological diagnosis of oropharyngeal swabs, stools, urine, and vaginal swabs from patients. C. albicans isolates were confirmed by the Light cycler real-time PCR of the ITS1 region of the 5.8s ribosomal DNA. The ABC genotypes and the Hwp1 gene amplification were carried out with specific primers. Microsatellite length polymorphism of HIS3, CDC3, and EF3 microsatellites was analysed. The antifungal susceptibility testing was carried out by the CLSI broth microdilution M27-A3 and M27-S4 protocols. The minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) results were interpreted according to updated clinical breakpoints (CBPs) recommended by the CLSI or epidemiological cut-off values (ECVs). One hundred and thirteen (113) isolates were obtained from the analysis of 1218 samples. The ABC genotyping showed 79 (69.91%) genotype A, 24 (21.23%) genotype B, and 10 (8.84%) genotype C. The Hwp1 gene amplification provided a newly observed genetic polymorphism, named H and 5 genotypes described (H1-H5). The microsatellite analysis generated 65 molecular types. All the isolates were susceptible to amphotericin B (MIC ≤ 1 μg/ml); 79.64% of isolates were wild type to itraconazole (MIC ≤ 0.12 μg/ml); and 86.72% of isolates were susceptible to fluconazole (MIC ≤ 2 μg/ml). These results highlight the important genetic diversity of C. albicans isolates among Yaoundé HIV-infected patients and bring clues for the comprehension of the molecular epidemiology of the yeast in Cameroon.
authors.affiliation: Clinical Biology Laboratory, Yaoundé Central Hospital, Cameroon.|IRD UMI 233 TransVIHMI - UM INSERM U1175 〈〈 TransVIHMI 〉〉 Laboratoire de Parasitologie et Mycologie Médicale, UFR Pharmacie, Université Montpellier, France.|Antimicrobial Agents Unit (AMAU), Laboratory for Phytobiochemistry and Medicinal Plants Studies, Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Yaoundé I, Cameroon.
authors.forename: Thierry Kammalac
authors.initials: TK
authors.lastname: Ngouana
authors.affiliation: IRD UMI 233 TransVIHMI - UM INSERM U1175 << TransVIHMI >> Laboratoire de Parasitologie et Mycologie Médicale, UFR Pharmacie, Université Montpellier, France.
authors.forename: Pascal
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Drakulovski
authors.affiliation: IRD UMI 233 TransVIHMI - UM INSERM U1175 << TransVIHMI >> Laboratoire de Parasitologie et Mycologie Médicale, UFR Pharmacie, Université Montpellier, France.
authors.forename: Donika
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Krasteva
authors.affiliation: Antimicrobial Agents Unit (AMAU), Laboratory for Phytobiochemistry and Medicinal Plants Studies, Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Yaoundé I, Cameroon.
authors.forename: Rufin Kuipou
authors.initials: RK
authors.lastname: Toghueo
authors.affiliation: Clinical Biology Laboratory, Yaoundé Central Hospital, Cameroon.
authors.forename: Charles
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Kouanfack
authors.affiliation: Service des Maladies Infectieuses et Tropicales, Hôpital Gui de Chauliac, UMI 233 UM 1-IRD-UCAD-UY1, Montpellier, France.
authors.forename: Jacques
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Reynes
authors.affiliation: IRD UMI 233 TransVIHMI - UM INSERM U1175 << TransVIHMI >> Laboratoire de Parasitologie et Mycologie Médicale, UFR Pharmacie, Université Montpellier, France.
authors.forename: Eric
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Delaporte
authors.affiliation: Antimicrobial Agents Unit (AMAU), Laboratory for Phytobiochemistry and Medicinal Plants Studies, Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Yaoundé I, Cameroon.
authors.forename: Fabrice Fekam
authors.initials: FF
authors.lastname: Boyom
authors.affiliation: IRD UMI 233 TransVIHMI - UM INSERM U1175 << TransVIHMI >> Laboratoire de Parasitologie et Mycologie Médicale, UFR Pharmacie, Université Montpellier, France.
authors.forename: Michèle
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Mallié
authors.affiliation: IRD UMI 233 TransVIHMI - UM INSERM U1175 << TransVIHMI >> Laboratoire de Parasitologie et Mycologie Médicale, UFR Pharmacie, Université Montpellier, France.
authors.forename: Sébastien
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Bertout
mesh_terms: D000935:Antifungal Agents / Q000494:pharmacology*; D002163:Cameroon; D002176:Candida albicans / Q000145:classification / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000235:genetics* / Q000302:isolation & purification; D025141:Drug Resistance, Fungal; D005656:Fungal Proteins / Q000235:genetics; D005800:Genes, Fungal / Q000235:genetics*; D014644:Genetic Variation; D005838:Genotype; D015658:HIV Infections / Q000150:complications*; D006801:Humans; D008562:Membrane Glycoproteins / Q000235:genetics; D008826:Microbial Sensitivity Tests; D018895:Microsatellite Repeats / Q000235:genetics*; D017720:Molecular Epidemiology; D058889:Molecular Typing; D060888:Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction
chemical_list: D000935:Antifungal Agents; D005656:Fungal Proteins; C118102:HWP1 protein, Candida albicans; D008562:Membrane Glycoproteins
keywords: Candida albicans; Hwp1; Yaoundé; antifungal; microsatellites