title: In vitroAccumulation of Polyphenols in Tea Callus Derived from Anther.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Tea is an economic important crop with high medicinal value due to rich polyphenols content. In the present research we studied the accumulation of polyphenols ofin vitroregenerated callus from anthers.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  Callus induction of tea anthers andin vitroaccumulation of phenolic compounds from the anther-derived callus.
  
  
  METHODS
  Standardization of callus induction for tea anthers.In vitrogenerated callus was screened forin vivoaccumulation of catechins and its isomers were screened by FC reagent staining technique. The methanol extract of dry and green callus obtained were estimated qualitatively by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR)-alternative total reflection (ATR) and quantitatively by HPLC method.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Anthers inoculated on half strength MS media fortified with 2,4-dichloro acetic acid (2 mg/L), Kn (1 mg/L), and BAP (1 mg/L) induced callus under photoperiod of 9:15 h light. Thein vivohistochemical studies revealed the accumulation of polyphenols in the callus. Thein vitrogenerated fresh and dry callus were used for extraction and screened for accumulated polyphenols [galic acid, (+)-catechin (C), (-)-epicatechin, (-)-epigallocatechin, (-)-epigallocatechin gallate, (-)-gallocatechins, (-)-epicatechin gallate] were estimated qualitatively by FTIR-ATR method and quantitatively by HPLC method.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The FC staining technique used here helps in localization of polyphenol compounds accumulation in the tissues by instant microscopic studies. The study have scope in large-scale isolation of various medicinally important flavonol by using anther culture.Abbreviations used:HPLC: high pressure liquid chromatography; FTIR: Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy; 2,4-D: 2,4-dichloro acetic acid; BAP: N6-benzyl amino purine; kn: kinetin.
authors.affiliation: Division of Plant Physiology and Biotechnology, UPASI Tea Research Institute, Tea Research Foundation, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu, India.
authors.forename: Naga Pavan Kumar
authors.initials: NP
authors.lastname: Chevala
authors.affiliation: Chalapathi Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Acharya Nagarjuna University, Lam, Guntur, Andhra Pradesh, India.
authors.forename: Naga Thirumalesh
authors.initials: NT
authors.lastname: Chevala
authors.affiliation: Division of Plant Physiology and Biotechnology, UPASI Tea Research Institute, Tea Research Foundation, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu, India.
authors.forename: Kirubakaran
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Dhanakodi
authors.affiliation: Chalapathi Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Acharya Nagarjuna University, Lam, Guntur, Andhra Pradesh, India.
authors.forename: Rama Rao
authors.initials: RR
authors.lastname: Nadendla
authors.affiliation: Division of Plant Physiology and Biotechnology, UPASI Tea Research Institute, Tea Research Foundation, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu, India.
authors.forename: Chandrashekara Krishnappa
authors.initials: CK
authors.lastname: Nagarathna
keywords: Anther; PGR; callus; catechins; polyphenols