title: Histopathological and immunohistochemical approaches for the diagnosis of Pasteurellosis in swine population of Punjab.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Infectious porcine bronchopneumonia, caused byPasteurella multocida, is a widespread disease of major economic significance. Thus, the aim of the present study was to diagnose swine Pasteurellosis using gross, histopathological, and immunopathological approaches in the swine population of Punjab and to compare the efficacy of immunohistochemical (IHC) techniques with conventional diagnostic techniques.
  
  
  METHODS
  A total of 71 adult swine lung samples showing gross pneumonic changes were collected along with the associated lymph nodes to carry out the study. The collected samples were then processed for histopathological and IHC studies.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Out of the total 71 lung samples, 26 samples were found to be suspected for Pasteurellosis as per the microscopic changes observed, and out of these 26 samples, 16 cases were confirmed to be positive for Pasteurellosis by IHC. Varied macroscopic changes noted in lungs were pneumonic patches with consolidation of many lobes, congestion, and focal hemorrhages. Main lesions associated with lymph nodes were its enlargement and hemorrhages. Histologically, the lung showed fibrinous and suppurative bronchopneumonia, multifocal suppuration, thickening of septa with fibrin combined with cellular infiltration and edema. The higher IHC expression ofP. multocidawas seen in the bronchial epithelium besides in alveolar and bronchial exudate. Moreover, on comparing the histopathological and IHC scores which were calculated on the basis of characteristic microscopic lesions and number of antigen positive cells, respectively, a significant positive correlation (r=0.4234) was found.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  It was concluded that swine population of Punjab is havingP. multocidainfection. The gross and histopathological lesions can be helpful in the preliminary diagnosis of Pasteurellosis but needs to be supplemented by other immunodiagnostic tests. Moreover, IHC technique proved to be a specific, reliable, precise, and rapid technique to supplement these conventional methods of diagnosis for Pasteurellosis.
authors.affiliation: Department of Veterinary Pathology, College of Veterinary Science, Guru Angad Dev Veterinary and Animal Sciences University, Ludhiana -141 004, Punjab, India.
authors.forename: Payal
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Bhat
authors.affiliation: Department of Veterinary Pathology, College of Veterinary Science, Guru Angad Dev Veterinary and Animal Sciences University, Ludhiana -141 004, Punjab, India.
authors.forename: Nittin Dev
authors.initials: ND
authors.lastname: Singh
authors.affiliation: Animal Disease Research Centre, Guru Angad Dev Veterinary and Animal Sciences University, Ludhiana- 141 004, Punjab, India.
authors.forename: Geeta Devi
authors.initials: GD
authors.lastname: Leishangthem
authors.affiliation: Department of Veterinary Pathology, College of Veterinary Science, Guru Angad Dev Veterinary and Animal Sciences University, Ludhiana -141 004, Punjab, India.
authors.forename: Amninder
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Kaur
authors.affiliation: Animal Disease Research Centre, Guru Angad Dev Veterinary and Animal Sciences University, Ludhiana- 141 004, Punjab, India.
authors.forename: Vishal
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Mahajan
authors.affiliation: Department of Veterinary Pathology, College of Veterinary Science, Guru Angad Dev Veterinary and Animal Sciences University, Ludhiana -141 004, Punjab, India.
authors.forename: Harmanjit Singh
authors.initials: HS
authors.lastname: Banga
authors.affiliation: Department of Veterinary Pathology, College of Veterinary Science, Guru Angad Dev Veterinary and Animal Sciences University, Ludhiana -141 004, Punjab, India.
authors.forename: Rajinder Singh
authors.initials: RS
authors.lastname: Brar
keywords: Pasteurellosis; histopathology; immunohistochemical; scoring