title: Establishing legal limits for driving under the influence of marijuana.
abstract: Marijuana has become the most commonly detected non-alcohol substance among drivers in the United States and Europe. Use of marijuana has been shown to impair driving performance and increase crash risk. Due to the lack of standardization in assessing marijuana-induced impairment and limitations of zero tolerance legislation, more jurisdictions are adopting per se laws by specifying a legal limit of Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) at or above which drivers are prosecuted for driving under the influence of marijuana. This review examines major considerations when developing these threshold THC concentrations and specifics of legal THC limits for drivers adopted by different jurisdictions in the United States and other countries.
authors.affiliation: Department of Anesthesiology, College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, 622 West 168th Street, New York, 10032, NY, USA.
authors.forename: Kristin
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Wong
authors.affiliation: Department of Anesthesiology, College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, 622 West 168th Street, New York, 10032, NY, USA.|Department of Epidemiology, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, 722 West 168th Street, New York, 10032, NY, USA.
authors.forename: Joanne E
authors.initials: JE
authors.lastname: Brady
authors.affiliation: Department of Anesthesiology, College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, 622 West 168th Street, New York, 10032, NY, USA. gl2240@cumc.columbia.edu.|Department of Epidemiology, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, 722 West 168th Street, New York, 10032, NY, USA. gl2240@cumc.columbia.edu.|Center for Injury Epidemiology and Prevention, Columbia University Medical Center, 722 West 168th Street, Room 524, New York, 10032, NY, USA. gl2240@cumc.columbia.edu.
authors.forename: Guohua
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Li
keywords: Cannabis; Drugged driving; Legal limit; Marijuana; Per se; Psychomotor impairment