title: The lncRNA HOTAIRM1 regulates the degradation of PML-RARA oncoprotein and myeloid cell differentiation by enhancing the autophagy pathway.
abstract: Increasing evidence has indicated that long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) are of great importance in different cell contexts. However, only a very small number of lncRNAs have been experimentally validated and functionally annotated during human hematopoiesis. Here, we report an lncRNA, HOTAIRM1, which is associated with myeloid differentiation and has pivotal roles in the degradation of oncoprotein PML-RARA and in myeloid cell differentiation by regulating autophagy pathways. We first revealed that HOTAIRM1 has different variants that are expressed at different levels in cells and that the expression pattern of HOTAIRM1 is closely related to that of the PML-RARA oncoprotein in acute promyelocytic leukemia (APL) patients. We further revealed that the downregulation of HOTAIRM1 could inhibit all-trans retinoic acid (ATRA) -induced degradation of PML-RARA in APL cells and repress the process of differentiation from promyelocytic to granulocytic cells. More importantly, we found that HOTAIRM1 regulates autophagy and that autophagosome formation was inhibited when HOTAIRM1 expression was reduced in the cells. Finally, through the use of a dual luciferase activity assay, AGO2 RNA immunoprecipitation and RNA pull-down, HOTAIRM1 was revealed to act as a microRNA sponge in a pathway that included miR-20a/106b, miR-125b and their targets ULK1, E2F1 and DRAM2. We constructed a human APL-ascites SCID mouse model to validate the function of HOTAIRM1 and its regulatory pathway in vivo. This is the first report showing that a lncRNAs regulates autophagy and the degradation of the PML-RARA oncoprotein during the process of myeloid cell differentiation blockade, suggesting that lncRNAs may be the potential therapeutic targets for leukemia.
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of Gene Engineering of the Ministry of Education, State Key Laboratory for Biocontrol, Biotechnology Research Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.
authors.forename: Zhen-Hua
authors.initials: ZH
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of Gene Engineering of the Ministry of Education, State Key Laboratory for Biocontrol, Biotechnology Research Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.
authors.forename: Wen-Tao
authors.initials: WT
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of Gene Engineering of the Ministry of Education, State Key Laboratory for Biocontrol, Biotechnology Research Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.
authors.forename: Wei
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Huang
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of Gene Engineering of the Ministry of Education, State Key Laboratory for Biocontrol, Biotechnology Research Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.
authors.forename: Ke
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Fang
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of Gene Engineering of the Ministry of Education, State Key Laboratory for Biocontrol, Biotechnology Research Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.
authors.forename: Yu-Meng
authors.initials: YM
authors.lastname: Sun
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of Gene Engineering of the Ministry of Education, State Key Laboratory for Biocontrol, Biotechnology Research Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.
authors.forename: Shu-Rong
authors.initials: SR
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatric, the First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.
authors.forename: Xue-Qun
authors.initials: XQ
authors.lastname: Luo
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of Gene Engineering of the Ministry of Education, State Key Laboratory for Biocontrol, Biotechnology Research Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.
authors.forename: Yue-Qin
authors.initials: YQ
authors.lastname: Chen
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000818:Animals; D060565:Argonaute Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D001343:Autophagy / Q000187:drug effects; D000071189:Autophagy-Related Protein-1 Homolog / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D002454:Cell Differentiation / Q000187:drug effects; D045744:Cell Line, Tumor; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D015536:Down-Regulation / Q000187:drug effects; D050687:E2F1 Transcription Factor / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D005260:Female; D057809:HEK293 Cells; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D047908:Intracellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D015473:Leukemia, Promyelocytic, Acute / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D008297:Male; D008565:Membrane Proteins / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D051379:Mice; D016513:Mice, SCID; D035683:MicroRNAs / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D015514:Oncogene Proteins, Fusion / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D059748:Proteolysis / Q000187:drug effects; D014212:Tretinoin / Q000494:pharmacology
chemical_list: C466422:AGO2 protein, human; D060565:Argonaute Proteins; C544299:DRAM2 protein, human; D050687:E2F1 Transcription Factor; C493753:E2F1 protein, human; D047908:Intracellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins; D008565:Membrane Proteins; D035683:MicroRNAs; D015514:Oncogene Proteins, Fusion; C000609546:long non-coding RNA HOTAIRM1, human; C093476:promyelocytic leukemia-retinoic acid receptor alpha fusion oncoprotein; D014212:Tretinoin; D000071189:Autophagy-Related Protein-1 Homolog; C484754:ULK1 protein, human