title: Metabolism disrupting chemicals and metabolic disorders.
abstract: The recent epidemics of metabolic diseases, obesity, type 2 diabetes(T2D), liver lipid disorders and metabolic syndrome have largely been attributed to genetic background and changes in diet, exercise and aging. However, there is now considerable evidence that other environmental factors may contribute to the rapid increase in the incidence of these metabolic diseases. This review will examine changes to the incidence of obesity, T2D and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), the contribution of genetics to these disorders and describe the role of the endocrine system in these metabolic disorders. It will then specifically focus on the role of endocrine disrupting chemicals (EDCs) in the etiology of obesity, T2D and NAFLD while finally integrating the information on EDCs on multiple metabolic disorders that could lead to metabolic syndrome. We will specifically examine evidence linking EDC exposures during critical periods of development with metabolic diseases that manifest later in life and across generations.
authors.affiliation: National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Division of Extramural Research and Training Research Triangle Park, NC, USA. Electronic address: heindelj@niehs.nih.gov.
authors.forename: Jerrold J
authors.initials: JJ
authors.lastname: Heindel
authors.affiliation: University of California, Department of Developmental and Cell Biology, Irvine CA, USA.
authors.forename: Bruce
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Blumberg
authors.affiliation: University of Louisville, Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Louisville KY, USA.
authors.forename: Mathew
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Cave
authors.affiliation: Sheba Medical Center and Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel.
authors.forename: Ronit
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Machtinger
authors.affiliation: Instituto Superiore di Sanita, Rome, Italy.
authors.forename: Alberto
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Mantovani
authors.affiliation: University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, School of Public Health, Chapel Hill NC, USA.
authors.forename: Michelle A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Mendez
authors.affiliation: Institute of Bioengineering and CIBERDEM, Miguel Hernandez University of Elche, Elche, Alicante, Spain.
authors.forename: Angel
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Nadal
authors.affiliation: University of Parma, Department of Neurosciences, Parma, Italy.
authors.forename: Paola
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Palanza
authors.affiliation: University of Turin, Department of Neuroscience and Neuroscience Institute Cavalieri Ottolenghi (NICO), Turin, Italy.
authors.forename: Giancarlo
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Panzica
authors.affiliation: University of Chicago, Section of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Department of Medicine Chicago, IL, USA.
authors.forename: Robert
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Sargis
authors.affiliation: University of Massachusetts, Department of Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health & Health Sciences, Amherst, MA, USA.
authors.forename: Laura N
authors.initials: LN
authors.lastname: Vandenberg
authors.affiliation: University of Missouri, Department of Biological Sciences, Columbia, MO, USA.
authors.forename: Frederick
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Vom Saal
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D052244:Endocrine Disruptors / Q000633:toxicity*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008659:Metabolic Diseases / Q000139:chemically induced* / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000235:genetics; D053858:Metabolic Networks and Pathways / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000235:genetics; D009490:Neurosecretory Systems / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000196:embryology; D011247:Pregnancy; D011297:Prenatal Exposure Delayed Effects / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000209:etiology* / Q000235:genetics; D012727:Sex Characteristics
chemical_list: D052244:Endocrine Disruptors
keywords: Developmental origins of health and disease; Diabetes; Endocrine disruptors; Lipid disorders; Metabolism disruptors; Obesity; Obesogens