title: Regulation and Role of Fungal Secondary Metabolites.
abstract: Fungi have the capability to produce a tremendous number of so-called secondary metabolites, which possess a multitude of functions, e.g., communication signals during coexistence with other microorganisms, virulence factors during pathogenic interactions with plants and animals, and in medical applications. Therefore, research on this topic has intensified significantly during the past 10 years and thus knowledge of regulatory mechanisms and the understanding of the role of secondary metabolites have drastically increased. This review aims to depict the complexity of all the regulatory elements involved in controlling the expression of secondary metabolite gene clusters, ranging from epigenetic control and signal transduction pathways to global and specific transcriptional regulators. Furthermore, we give a short overview on the role of secondary metabolites, focusing on the interaction with other microorganisms in the environment as well as on pathogenic relationships.
authors.affiliation: Department of Molecular and Applied Microbiology, Leibniz Institute for Natural Product Research and Infection Biology, Hans Knöll Institute (HKI), 07745 Jena, Germany; email: juliane.macheleidt@leibniz-hki.de , derek.mattern@leibniz-hki.de , juliane.fischer@leibniz-hki.de , tina.netzker@leibniz-hki.de , jakob.weber@leibniz-hki.de , volker.schroeckh@leibniz-hki.de , axel.brakhage@leibniz-hki.de.
authors.forename: Juliane
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Macheleidt
authors.affiliation: Department of Molecular and Applied Microbiology, Leibniz Institute for Natural Product Research and Infection Biology, Hans Knöll Institute (HKI), 07745 Jena, Germany; email: juliane.macheleidt@leibniz-hki.de , derek.mattern@leibniz-hki.de , juliane.fischer@leibniz-hki.de , tina.netzker@leibniz-hki.de , jakob.weber@leibniz-hki.de , volker.schroeckh@leibniz-hki.de , axel.brakhage@leibniz-hki.de.|Institute for Microbiology, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, 07737 Jena, Germany.
authors.forename: Derek J
authors.initials: DJ
authors.lastname: Mattern
authors.affiliation: Department of Molecular and Applied Microbiology, Leibniz Institute for Natural Product Research and Infection Biology, Hans Knöll Institute (HKI), 07745 Jena, Germany; email: juliane.macheleidt@leibniz-hki.de , derek.mattern@leibniz-hki.de , juliane.fischer@leibniz-hki.de , tina.netzker@leibniz-hki.de , jakob.weber@leibniz-hki.de , volker.schroeckh@leibniz-hki.de , axel.brakhage@leibniz-hki.de.|Institute for Microbiology, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, 07737 Jena, Germany.
authors.forename: Juliane
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Fischer
authors.affiliation: Department of Molecular and Applied Microbiology, Leibniz Institute for Natural Product Research and Infection Biology, Hans Knöll Institute (HKI), 07745 Jena, Germany; email: juliane.macheleidt@leibniz-hki.de , derek.mattern@leibniz-hki.de , juliane.fischer@leibniz-hki.de , tina.netzker@leibniz-hki.de , jakob.weber@leibniz-hki.de , volker.schroeckh@leibniz-hki.de , axel.brakhage@leibniz-hki.de.|Institute for Microbiology, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, 07737 Jena, Germany.
authors.forename: Tina
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Netzker
authors.affiliation: Department of Molecular and Applied Microbiology, Leibniz Institute for Natural Product Research and Infection Biology, Hans Knöll Institute (HKI), 07745 Jena, Germany; email: juliane.macheleidt@leibniz-hki.de , derek.mattern@leibniz-hki.de , juliane.fischer@leibniz-hki.de , tina.netzker@leibniz-hki.de , jakob.weber@leibniz-hki.de , volker.schroeckh@leibniz-hki.de , axel.brakhage@leibniz-hki.de.|Institute for Microbiology, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, 07737 Jena, Germany.
authors.forename: Jakob
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Weber
authors.affiliation: Department of Molecular and Applied Microbiology, Leibniz Institute for Natural Product Research and Infection Biology, Hans Knöll Institute (HKI), 07745 Jena, Germany; email: juliane.macheleidt@leibniz-hki.de , derek.mattern@leibniz-hki.de , juliane.fischer@leibniz-hki.de , tina.netzker@leibniz-hki.de , jakob.weber@leibniz-hki.de , volker.schroeckh@leibniz-hki.de , axel.brakhage@leibniz-hki.de.
authors.forename: Volker
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Schroeckh
authors.affiliation: Research Group Biobricks of Microbial Natural Product Syntheses, Leibniz Institute for Natural Product Research and Infection Biology (HKI), 07745 Jena, Germany; email: vito.valiante@leibniz-hki.de.
authors.forename: Vito
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Valiante
authors.affiliation: Department of Molecular and Applied Microbiology, Leibniz Institute for Natural Product Research and Infection Biology, Hans Knöll Institute (HKI), 07745 Jena, Germany; email: juliane.macheleidt@leibniz-hki.de , derek.mattern@leibniz-hki.de , juliane.fischer@leibniz-hki.de , tina.netzker@leibniz-hki.de , jakob.weber@leibniz-hki.de , volker.schroeckh@leibniz-hki.de , axel.brakhage@leibniz-hki.de.|Institute for Microbiology, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, 07737 Jena, Germany.
authors.forename: Axel A
authors.initials: AA
authors.lastname: Brakhage
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D044127:Epigenesis, Genetic; D005658:Fungi / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000472:pathogenicity*; D015966:Gene Expression Regulation, Fungal; D010944:Plants / Q000382:microbiology; D064210:Secondary Metabolism; D015398:Signal Transduction; D037521:Virulence Factors / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D037521:Virulence Factors
keywords: epigenetic regulation; interaction; secondary metabolism; signal transduction; transcriptional regulation; virulence factor