title: Strategies & recent development of transmission-blocking vaccines againstPlasmodium falciparum.
abstract: Transmission blocking malaria vaccines are aimed to block the development and maturity of sexual stages of parasite within mosquitoes. The vaccine candidate antigens (Pfs25, Pfs48/45, Pfs230) that have shown transmission blocking immunity in model systems are in different stages of development. These antigens are immunogenic with limited genetic diversity. Pfs25 is a leading candidate and currently in phase I clinical trial. Efforts are now focused on the cost-effective production of potent antigens using safe adjuvants and optimization of vaccine delivery system that are capable of inducing strong immune responses. This review addresses the potential usefulness, development strategies, challenges, clinical trials and current status of Plasmodium falciparum sexual stage malaria vaccine candidate antigens for the development of transmission-blocking vaccines.
authors.affiliation: National Institute for Research in Tribal Health (ICMR), Jabalpur, School of Biotechnology, Rajiv Gandhi Proudyogiki Vishwavidyalaya (State Technological University of Madhya Pradesh), Bhopal, India.
authors.forename: Neha
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Chaturvedi
authors.affiliation: National Institute for Research in Tribal Health (ICMR), Jabalpur, India.
authors.forename: Praveen K
authors.initials: PK
authors.lastname: Bharti
authors.affiliation: School of Biotechnology, Rajiv Gandhi Proudyogiki Vishwavidyalaya (State Technological University of Madhya Pradesh), Bhopal, India.
authors.forename: Archana
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Tiwari
authors.affiliation: National Institute for Research in Tribal Health (ICMR), Jabalpur, India.
authors.forename: Neeru
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Singh
mesh_terms: D000276:Adjuvants, Immunologic / Q000627:therapeutic use; D000818:Animals; D000953:Antigens, Protozoan / Q000276:immunology; D009033:Culicidae / Q000276:immunology / Q000469:parasitology; D006801:Humans; D007113:Immunity, Innate; D017780:Malaria Vaccines / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D016778:Malaria, Falciparum / Q000469:parasitology / Q000517:prevention & control* / Q000635:transmission*; D010963:Plasmodium falciparum / Q000276:immunology / Q000472:pathogenicity
chemical_list: D000276:Adjuvants, Immunologic; D000953:Antigens, Protozoan; D017780:Malaria Vaccines