title: Influence of echocardiographic and radiographic characteristics on atrial sensing amplitude in patients with Linox Smart S DX defibrillation leads.
abstract: Single-lead for implantable cardioverter-defibrillator (ICD) with floating atrial sensing dipole is a new diagnostic tool with the potential advantage in terms of arrhythmia discrimination. We sought to determine whether right heart size and dipole position influence atrial sensing.
  
  
  
  Atrial sensing (AS) amplitude was measured during implantation (PP, periprocedural), predischarge (IHFU, in-hospital follow-up) and 3-6 months after the procedure (AFU, ambulatory follow-up). Results were related to atrial dipole position in the right atrium (RA) on the basis of chest X-ray examination as well as right heart dimensions at echocardiography.
  
  
  
  Twenty-four patients were included into final analysis. In 14 (58.3%) patients, sensing dipole was located in regions 1 and 2 of the RA. AS amplitude was greater in regions 1 and 2 when com¬pared to other locations (3.15 vs. 1.2 mV, p = 0.045, 7.53 vs. 3.8 mV, p < 0.001 and 5.63 vs. 2.44 mV, p = 0.017 for PP measurements, IHFU and AFU, respectively). There was a significant negative correlation between AS-PP and short RA dimension (RADs) (r = -0.56, p = 0.02), AS-IHFU and RA area (RAA) (r = -0.45, p < 0.05), AS-AFU and long RA dimension (RADl) (r = -0.46; p = 0.02), AS-AFU and RADs (r = -0,48, p = 0.02), and AS-AFU and RAA (and r = -0.52, p < 0.01). There was no relationship between AS and other right heart dimensions.
  
  
  
  Larger RA size and low sensing dipole location were associated with lower AS amplitude in single-lead dual chamber ICD.
authors.forename: Marcin
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Michalak
authors.forename: Andrzej
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Cacko
authors.forename: Agnieszka
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Kapłon-Cieślicka
authors.forename: Monika
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Budnik
authors.forename: Przemysław
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Stolarz
authors.forename: Grzegorz
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Opolski
authors.affiliation: 1st Chair and Department of Cardiology, Medical University of Warsaw. grabm@tlen.pl.
authors.forename: Marcin
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Grabowski
mesh_terms: D001281:Atrial Fibrillation / Q000209:etiology / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000628:therapy*; D016280:Atrial Function, Right / Q000502:physiology*; D017147:Defibrillators, Implantable; D004452:Echocardiography / Q000379:methods*; D004867:Equipment Design; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006325:Heart Atria / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000503:physiopathology; D006329:Heart Conduction System / Q000503:physiopathology*; D006333:Heart Failure / Q000150:complications / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000628:therapy*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D013902:Radiography, Thoracic / Q000379:methods*; D015203:Reproducibility of Results
keywords: DX; atrial sensing; defibrillation leads; implantable cardioverter-defibrillator