title: Inhaled Corticosteroids and Voice Problems. What Is New?
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Voice problems are the most common and most annoying local side effect of inhaled corticosteroids (ICS), affecting not only patients' treatment compliance but also their quality of life. The literature is very poor regarding prevalence, mechanism, prevention, and management of voice problems attributed to ICS use and especially for the new ICS, ciclesonide. Prevalence of dysphonia seems to be less common with the use of ciclesonide and beclomethasone dipropionate.
  
  
  METHODS
  We conducted a bibliography review based on recently published data, including data from the recently introduced ICS, ciclesonide, which are lacking in previous reviews.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Very little improvement, based on limited number of new papers published during previous years without any direct comparison between available ICS, has been made in our understanding of ICS local side effects.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our understanding concerning basic information of ICS effects on voice still remains poor, and further investigation is needed to have a better understanding on epidemiology, predisposing factors, mechanisms, prevention, and treatment of voice problems attributed to ICS.
authors.affiliation: Athens Speech, Language and Swallowing Institute, 10 Lontou Street, Glyfada, Athens 16675, Greece. Electronic address: spandideas@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Nikolaos
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Spantideas
authors.affiliation: Athens Speech, Language and Swallowing Institute, 37 Oinois Street, Glyfada, Athens 16674, Greece.
authors.forename: Eirini
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Drosou
authors.affiliation: Athens Speech, Language and Swallowing Institute, 10 Lontou Street, Glyfada, Athens 16675, Greece.
authors.forename: Anastasia
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Bougea
authors.affiliation: ENT Department in University Hospital of Ioannina, Medical School of the University of Ioannina, 51 Napoleontos Zerva Street, Ioannina 45332, Greece.
authors.forename: Dimitrios
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Assimakopoulos
mesh_terms: D000280:Administration, Inhalation; D000305:Adrenal Cortex Hormones / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects*; D055154:Dysphonia / Q000139:chemically induced* / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000628:therapy; D006685:Hoarseness / Q000139:chemically induced* / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000628:therapy; D006801:Humans; D011379:Prognosis; D018570:Risk Assessment; D012307:Risk Factors; D014827:Vocal Cords / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000503:physiopathology; D014833:Voice Quality / Q000187:drug effects*
chemical_list: D000305:Adrenal Cortex Hormones
keywords: Asthma; Dysphonia; Hoarseness; Inhalation; Voice