title: Liver alterations in Oreochromis niloticus (Pisces) induced by insecticide imidacloprid: Histopathology and heat shock protein in situ localization.
abstract: Liver is very sensitive to environmental contaminants such as pesticides, it being the first target of toxicity of a substance. The objective of this study was to investigate the possible effects of the insecticide imidacloprid (IMI) on the liver of Oreochromis niloticus according concentrations used for growing sugarcane. A semi-quantitative analysis of histopathological alterations of IMI on liver was performed by light microscopy and cellular labeling of heat shock proteins (HSP70) by immunohistochemistry. The most common changes in liver at all concentrations of IMI were hydropic degeneration, pyknotic nuclei, and loss of cell limits. Steatosis and increased levels of HSP70 were detected in hepatocytes with the highest concentration of IMI. In conclusion, the tested concentrations of IMI induced histopathological changes in the liver of O. niloticus and active defence mechanisms to maintain the morphophysiological integrity of the liver. This insecticide has a toxicity potential for these fish, which is a non-target organism of its action.
authors.affiliation: a UNESP-São Paulo State University , Rio Claro, São Paulo , Brazil.
authors.forename: Yadira
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Ansoar-Rodríguez
authors.affiliation: b UNIARARAS-Hermínio Ometto Foundation, Jd. Universitário , Araras, São Paulo , Brazil.
authors.forename: Cintya A
authors.initials: CA
authors.lastname: Christofoletti
authors.affiliation: a UNESP-São Paulo State University , Rio Claro, São Paulo , Brazil.
authors.forename: Jorge E
authors.initials: JE
authors.lastname: Correia
authors.affiliation: a UNESP-São Paulo State University , Rio Claro, São Paulo , Brazil.
authors.forename: Raphael B
authors.initials: RB
authors.lastname: de Souza
authors.affiliation: a UNESP-São Paulo State University , Rio Claro, São Paulo , Brazil.
authors.forename: Cristina
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Moreira-de-Sousa
authors.affiliation: a UNESP-São Paulo State University , Rio Claro, São Paulo , Brazil.
authors.forename: Ana Claudia de Castro
authors.initials: AC
authors.lastname: Marcato
authors.affiliation: c UNESP/CEIS-Centre for the Study of Social Insects , Rio Claro, Bela Vista, Rio Claro, São Paulo , Brazil.
authors.forename: Odair C
authors.initials: OC
authors.lastname: Bueno
authors.affiliation: c UNESP/CEIS-Centre for the Study of Social Insects , Rio Claro, Bela Vista, Rio Claro, São Paulo , Brazil.
authors.forename: Osmar
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Malaspina
authors.affiliation: d Department of Biology , UFSCar-Federal University of São Carlos , Sorocaba, São Paulo , Brazil.
authors.forename: Elaine C M
authors.initials: EC
authors.lastname: Silva-Zacarin
authors.affiliation: a UNESP-São Paulo State University , Rio Claro, São Paulo , Brazil.
authors.forename: Carmem S
authors.initials: CS
authors.lastname: Fontanetti
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D023681:Cichlids; D029941:Fish Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D018840:HSP70 Heat-Shock Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D006360:Heat-Shock Proteins; D022781:Hepatocytes / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D007093:Imidazoles / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000633:toxicity*; D007306:Insecticides / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000633:toxicity*; D008099:Liver / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D000073943:Neonicotinoids; D009574:Nitro Compounds / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000633:toxicity*; D018675:Toxicity Tests / Q000379:methods; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000633:toxicity
chemical_list: D029941:Fish Proteins; D018840:HSP70 Heat-Shock Proteins; D006360:Heat-Shock Proteins; D007093:Imidazoles; D007306:Insecticides; D000073943:Neonicotinoids; D009574:Nitro Compounds; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical; C082359:imidacloprid
keywords: HSP70; Pesticides; histochemistry; tilapia