title: Comparative Efficacy of Silymarin and Choline Chloride (Liver Tonics) in Preventing the Effects of Aflatoxin B1 in Bovine Calves.
abstract: Aflatoxins are secondary metabolites produced by Aspergillus spp. which are injurious to animals and humans The aim of this study was to determine the effects of aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) on Average Daily Feed Intake (ADFI), Average Daily Weight Gain (ADWG), haematological and serum biochemical responses of Bovine Calves and to determine the comparative efficacy of two different liver tonics against AFB1. Twenty seven calves were selected from herd and divided into 3 groups. All calves were fed with 1.0 mg/kg AFB1 for a period of 10 days. After that they were fed with liver tonics: Silymarin fed at a rate of 600 mg/kg and Choline chloride 500 mg/kg for 7 days. The results indicate that the ADFI and ADWG of AFB1 treated calves decreased significantly. Serum levels of alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), blood urea nitrogen (BUN) and creatinine significantly increased due to AFB1. In haematology the total erythrocyte count (TEC), total leukocyte count (TLC), haemoglobin concentration (HGB), haematocrit levels (HCT), mean corpuscular haemoglobin (MCH), mean corpuscular volume (MCV) and mean corpuscular haemoglobin concentration (MCHC), lymphocyte %, neutrophil % and monocyte % significantly decreased in AFB1 treated calves after 10 days of feeding. Both liver tonics significantly (p<0.05) improved all the parameters, including ADFI, ADWG, hematologial and serum biochemical test. However, Silymarin comparatively more efficiently ameliorate the effects induced by AFB1 than choline chloride.
authors.forename: O
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Naseer
authors.forename: J A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Khan
authors.forename: M S
authors.initials: MS
authors.lastname: Khan
authors.forename: M O
authors.initials: MO
authors.lastname: Omer
authors.forename: G A
authors.initials: GA
authors.lastname: Chishti
authors.forename: M L
authors.initials: ML
authors.lastname: Sohail
authors.forename: M U
authors.initials: MU
authors.lastname: Saleem
mesh_terms: D016604:Aflatoxin B1 / Q000633:toxicity*; D000818:Animals; D002417:Cattle; D002418:Cattle Diseases / Q000139:chemically induced*; D056486:Chemical and Drug Induced Liver Injury / Q000517:prevention & control / Q000662:veterinary*; D002794:Choline / Q000494:pharmacology*; D005506:Food Contamination; D012838:Silymarin / Q000494:pharmacology*
chemical_list: D012838:Silymarin; D016604:Aflatoxin B1; D002794:Choline