title: Laparoscopic Pyelolithotomy in Children Less Than Two Years Old with Large Renal Stones: Initial Series.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Treatment of pediatric urolithiasis is still on debate. This study was designed to evaluate the safety and efficacy of laparoscopic pyelolithotomy in five children less than two years old.
  
  
  METHODS
  Five children (less than two years old) with large kidney stones underwent laparoscopic pyelolithotomy. All patients underwent laparoscopic pyelolithotomy via a transperitoneal approach. After medial mobilization of colon and once renal pelvis and ureteropelvic junction were exposed, a longitudinal or circular incision was made on the renal pelvis, depending on the location and shape of the stone. Stones were extracted using an Endobag. Demographic data, size of stones, operation time, duration of hospital stay and stone free rate were assessed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Four boys and a one girl were included in this study. The mean age of patients was 17.6 (range: 13-22) months and the mean duration of operation was 130 (range: 115-145) minutes. The mean size of stone was 24.6 (range: 22-27) mm and the mean duration of hospital stay was 4.4 (range: 4-5) days. Stone free rate was 100%. There was no major complication.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Even with a small number of patients, our results seem to show that laparoscopic pyelolithotomy could be a treatment option for selected cases of young pediatric cases with large renal stones. We believe that transperitoneal laparoscopic pyelolithotomy is feasible and it introduces a novel approach for managing kidney stones in pediatric population.&nbsp.
authors.affiliation: Endourology Department of Shahid Labbafinejad Medical Center, Urology and Nephrology Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences (SBMU), Tehran, I.R. Iran. mhsoltani60@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Mohammad Hossein
authors.initials: MH
authors.lastname: Soltani
authors.affiliation: Endourology Department of Shahid Labbafinejad Medical Center, Urology and Nephrology Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences (SBMU), Tehran, I.R. Iran.
authors.forename: Nasser
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Simforoosh
authors.affiliation: Endourology Department of Shahid Labbafinejad Medical Center, Urology and Nephrology Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences (SBMU), Tehran, I.R. Iran.
authors.forename: Akbar
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Nouralizadeh
authors.affiliation: Endourology Department of Shahid Labbafinejad Medical Center, Urology and Nephrology Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences (SBMU), Tehran, I.R. Iran.
authors.forename: Mehdi
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Sotoudeh
authors.affiliation: Endourology Department of Shahid Labbafinejad Medical Center, Urology and Nephrology Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences (SBMU), Tehran, I.R. Iran.
authors.forename: Mohammad Javad
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Mollakoochakian
authors.affiliation: Endourology Department of Shahid Labbafinejad Medical Center, Urology and Nephrology Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences (SBMU), Tehran, I.R. Iran.
authors.forename: Hamid Reza
authors.initials: HR
authors.lastname: Shemshaki
mesh_terms: D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D007669:Kidney Calculi / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery*; D007682:Kidney Pelvis / Q000601:surgery*; D010535:Laparoscopy / Q000009:adverse effects; D008297:Male; D016896:Treatment Outcome