title: MACULAR HOLE AFTER PARS PLANA VITRECTOMY FOR RHEGMATOGENOUS RETINAL DETACHMENT.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To report the clinical features, possible associations and treatment outcomes of patients with macular hole after pars plana vitrectomy (PPV) (single or multiple) for rhegmatogenous retinal detachment (RD).
  
  
  METHODS
  Retrospective consecutive case series from July 2009 to July 2014.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In the 15 study patients, the average time from RD surgery to macular hole diagnosis was 119 days (range: 41-398 months). Possible associations include epiretinal membrane (73%, 11/15 patients), macula-off RD (60%, 9/15 patients), recurrent RD (47%, 7/15 patients), and high myopia (56%, 5/9 patients). Single surgery was successful in hole closure in 8/15 patients (Group A) while 7/15 patients underwent multiple surgeries (Group B). Macular hole closure was achieved in 7/8 (87.5%) patients in Group A compared to 4/7 (57.1%) patients in Group B. Improvement of at least two lines of Snellen's visual acuity was achieved in 4/8 (50.0%) and 4/7 (57.1%) patients in Group A and B, respectively.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In patients with macular hole formation after pars plana vitrectomy for RD, possible associations were epiretinal membrane, macula-off RD, recurrent RD, and high myopia. Even when macular hole closure was achieved, limited visual improvement occurred.
authors.affiliation: Department of Ophthalmology, Bascom Palmer Eye Institute, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida.
authors.forename: Carlos A
authors.initials: CA
authors.lastname: Medina
authors.forename: Angelica G
authors.initials: AG
authors.lastname: Ortiz
authors.forename: Nidhi
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Relhan
authors.forename: William E
authors.initials: WE
authors.lastname: Smiddy
authors.forename: Justin H
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Townsend
authors.forename: Harry W
authors.initials: HW
authors.lastname: Flynn
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D008266:Macula Lutea / Q000473:pathology; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011183:Postoperative Complications; D012163:Retinal Detachment / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000601:surgery*; D012167:Retinal Perforations / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000209:etiology*; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D013997:Time Factors; D041623:Tomography, Optical Coherence; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D014792:Visual Acuity; D014821:Vitrectomy / Q000009:adverse effects*