title: Therapy of antihistamine-resistant chronic spontaneous urticaria.
abstract: Chronic urticaria affects up to 1-3% of the general population and contributes to significant direct and indirect medical costs as well as decreased quality of life, which has a significant economic impact on our health care system. Areas covered: Given the prevalence of this condition on a large sector of the population, finding lasting relief for refractory cases is essential and is the focus of this review. Expert commentary: The choice of appropriate therapy in chronic refractory urticaria is not a 'one-size fits all' approach. Treatment should take multiple factors into consideration including the chronicity of hives, presence of physical urticaria, type of cellular infiltrate on skin histopathology, patient age, concomitant comorbid conditions, as well as patient preference and cost.
authors.affiliation: a Bernstein Allergy Group , Cincinnati , OH , USA.|b Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Immunology Rheumatology and Allergy , University of Cincinnati College of Medicine , Cincinnati , OH , USA.
authors.forename: Justin
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Greiwe
authors.affiliation: a Bernstein Allergy Group , Cincinnati , OH , USA.|b Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Immunology Rheumatology and Allergy , University of Cincinnati College of Medicine , Cincinnati , OH , USA.
authors.forename: Jonathan A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Bernstein
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000893:Anti-Inflammatory Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D002908:Chronic Disease; D016572:Cyclosporine / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D004351:Drug Resistance; D006633:Histamine Antagonists / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D006801:Humans; D000069444:Omalizumab / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D015995:Prevalence; D011788:Quality of Life; D012867:Skin / Q000473:pathology*; D014581:Urticaria / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000453:epidemiology
chemical_list: D000893:Anti-Inflammatory Agents; D006633:Histamine Antagonists; D000069444:Omalizumab; D016572:Cyclosporine
keywords: Chronic urticaria; anti-inflammatory agents; antihistamine resistant; cyclosporine; omalizumab