title: The micronucleus test-most widely usedin vivogenotoxicity test.
abstract: Genotoxicity is commonly evaluated during the chemical safety assessment together with other toxicological endpoints. The micronucleus test is always included in many genotoxic test guidelines for long time in many classes of chemicals, e.g., pharmaceutical chemicals, agricultural chemicals, food additives. Although the trend of the safety assessment of chemicals faces to animal welfare andin vitrosystems are more welcome than thein vivosystems, thein vivotest systems are paid more attention in the field of genotoxicity because of its weight of evidence. In this review, I will summarize the following points: 1) historical consideration of the test development, 2) characteristics of the test including advantages and limitations, 3) new approaches considering to the animal welfare.
authors.affiliation: makoto international consulting (mic), Kami-imaizumi, Ebina, Kanagawa 243-0431 Japan.
authors.forename: Makoto
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Hayashi
keywords: Animal welfare; Chromosomal aberration; Historical consideration; Micronucleus; in vivo