title: An improved method for calculating toxicity-based pollutant loads: Part 1. Method development.
abstract: Pollutant loads are a means for assessing regulatory compliance and setting targets to reduce pollution entering receiving waterbodies. However, a pollutant load is often comprised of multiple chemicals, which may exert joint toxicity on biota. When the ultimate goal for assessing pollutant loads is to protect ecosystems from adverse effects of toxicants, then the total pollutant load needs to be calculated based on the principles of mixture toxicology. In this article, an improved method is proposed to convert a pollutant load to a toxicity-based load (toxic load) using a modified toxic equivalency factor (TEF) derivation method. The method uses the relative potencies (RePs) of multiple species to represent the response of the ecological community. The TEF is calculated from a percentile of a cumulative distribution function (CDF) fitted to the RePs. The improvements permit the determination of which percentile of the CDF generates the most environmentally relevant and robust toxic loads. That is, environmental relevance ensures that a reduction in the toxic load is likely to result in a corresponding improvement in ecosystem health and robustness ensures that the calculation of the toxic loads is not biased by the reference chemical used. The improved methodology will therefore ensure that correct management decisions will be made and ultimately, a reduction in the toxic load will lead to a commensurate improvement in water quality. Integr Environ Assess Manag 2017;13:746-753. © 2016 SETAC.
authors.affiliation: Water Quality and Investigations, Science Division, Department of Science, Information Technology and Innovation, Queensland, Australia.|Australian Rivers Institute, Griffith University, Nathan, Queensland, Australia.|Science and Engineering Faculty, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia.
authors.forename: Rachael A
authors.initials: RA
authors.lastname: Smith
authors.affiliation: Water Quality and Investigations, Science Division, Department of Science, Information Technology and Innovation, Queensland, Australia.|Australian Rivers Institute, Griffith University, Nathan, Queensland, Australia.|National Research Centre for Environmental Toxicology, University of Queensland, Coopers Plains, Queensland, Australia.|Centre for Agroecology, Water and Resilience, Coventry University, Coventry, United Kingdom.
authors.forename: Michael St J
authors.initials: MSJ
authors.lastname: Warne
authors.affiliation: Science and Engineering Faculty, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia.
authors.forename: Kerrie
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Mengersen
authors.affiliation: Water Quality and Investigations, Science Division, Department of Science, Information Technology and Innovation, Queensland, Australia.|Australian Rivers Institute, Griffith University, Nathan, Queensland, Australia.|Science and Engineering Faculty, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia.
authors.forename: Ryan Dr
authors.initials: RD
authors.lastname: Turner
mesh_terms: D002273:Carcinogens / Q000633:toxicity; D015386:Hazardous Substances / Q000633:toxicity*; D018675:Toxicity Tests / Q000379:methods* / Q000592:standards
chemical_list: D002273:Carcinogens; D015386:Hazardous Substances
keywords: Mixtures; Multiple species; Pollutant loads; Relative potency; Toxic equivalency factor