title: Effects of vitamin D supplementation on pulmonary function in postmenopausal women following an aquatic exercise program.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  This study sought to investigate the effects of vitamin D supplementation and aquatic exercise on pulmonary function in postmenopausal women.
  
  
  METHODS
  This prospective and controlled study included 104 women (62 ± 6.5 years) divided into three groups: a control group lacking vitamin D and calcium supplementation which remained sedentary (CG; n = 17); a control group receiving vitamin D and calcium supplementation which remained sedentary (CDG, n = 33); and a group that completed aquatic exercises three times a week and received vitamin D and calcium supplementation (DTG, n = 54). Data before and after 6 months of the study were analyzed, including serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D) and calcium concentrations, peak expiratory flow (PEF), forced vital capacity (FVC), and cirtometry.
  
  
  RESULTS
  We observed significant increases in 25(OH)D concentrations in CDG (52.9 ± 2.4 to 69.1 ± 2.2; nmol/L; p < 0.0001) and DTG groups (55.5 ± 3 to 71.5 ± 3 nmol/L; p < 0.0001). PEF increased by 7 ± 2% (p = 0.0080) in CDG group and 11 ± 2% (p < 0.0001) in DTG group, whereas FVC increased by 7 ± 2% (p = 0.0016) in the CDG group and 10 ± 2% (p < 0.0001) in the DTG group, whereas CG had no changes in any of these parameters. The increment value of cirtometry in DTG group (+43 ± 3%) were significantly (p < 0.0001) higher than those in CG (-4 ± 8%) and CDG (+4 ± 9%) groups.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our data suggest that vitamin D supplementation improves pulmonary function parameters in postmenopausal women.
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Medicina, Disciplina de Endocrinologia, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal de São Paulo (Unifesp/EPM), São Paulo, SP, Brasil.
authors.forename: Rodrigo
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Nolasco
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Medicina, Disciplina de Endocrinologia, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal de São Paulo (Unifesp/EPM), São Paulo, SP, Brasil.
authors.forename: Linda D F
authors.initials: LD
authors.lastname: Moreira
authors.affiliation: Fisiologia Translacional, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Educação Física e Ciências do Envelhecimento, Universidade São Judas Tadeu (USJT), São Paulo, SP, Brasil.
authors.forename: Danilo S
authors.initials: DS
authors.lastname: Bocalini
authors.affiliation: Escola de Educação Física e Esporte da Universidade de São Paulo (EEFE/USP), São Paulo, SP, Brasil.
authors.forename: Fernanda C A O
authors.initials: FC
authors.lastname: Fronza
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Medicina, Disciplina de Endocrinologia, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal de São Paulo (Unifesp/EPM), São Paulo, SP, Brasil.
authors.forename: Rosangela Villa
authors.initials: RV
authors.lastname: Marin
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Medicina, Disciplina de Endocrinologia, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal de São Paulo (Unifesp/EPM), São Paulo, SP, Brasil.
authors.forename: Marise
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Lazaretti-Castro
mesh_terms: D019587:Dietary Supplements; D005080:Exercise Test / Q000379:methods*; D005260:Female; D005434:Flow Cytometry; D006801:Humans; D008875:Middle Aged; D010366:Peak Expiratory Flow Rate / Q000502:physiology; D017698:Postmenopause / Q000502:physiology*; D011446:Prospective Studies; D013147:Spirometry; D013550:Swimming / Q000502:physiology*; D014797:Vital Capacity / Q000502:physiology; D014807:Vitamin D / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D014815:Vitamins / Q000008:administration & dosage*
chemical_list: D014815:Vitamins; D014807:Vitamin D