title: Aberration-free volumetric high-speed imaging of in vivo retina.
abstract: Certain topics in research and advancements in medical diagnostics may benefit from improved temporal and spatial resolution during non-invasive optical imaging of living tissue. However, so far no imaging technique can generate entirely diffraction-limited tomographic volumes with a single data acquisition, if the target moves or changes rapidly, such as the human retina. Additionally, the presence of aberrations may represent further difficulties. We show that a simple interferometric setup-based on parallelized optical coherence tomography-acquires volumetric data with 10 billion voxels per second, exceeding previous imaging speeds by an order of magnitude. This allows us to computationally obtain and correct defocus and aberrations resulting in entirely diffraction-limited volumes. As demonstration, we imaged living human retina with clearly visible nerve fiber layer, small capillary networks, and photoreceptor cells. Furthermore, the technique can also obtain phase-sensitive volumes of other scattering structures at unprecedented acquisition speeds.
authors.affiliation: Thorlabs GmbH, Maria-Goeppert-Straße 9, 23562 Lübeck, Germany.
authors.forename: Dierck
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Hillmann
authors.affiliation: Institute of Biomedical Optics, University of Lübeck, Peter-Monnik-Weg 4, 23562 Lübeck, Germany.|Medical Laser Center Lübeck GmbH, Peter-Monnik-Weg 4, 23562 Lübeck, Germany.
authors.forename: Hendrik
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Spahr
authors.affiliation: Institute of Biomedical Optics, University of Lübeck, Peter-Monnik-Weg 4, 23562 Lübeck, Germany.
authors.forename: Carola
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Hain
authors.affiliation: Institute of Biomedical Optics, University of Lübeck, Peter-Monnik-Weg 4, 23562 Lübeck, Germany.|Medical Laser Center Lübeck GmbH, Peter-Monnik-Weg 4, 23562 Lübeck, Germany.
authors.forename: Helge
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Sudkamp
authors.affiliation: Institute of Biomedical Optics, University of Lübeck, Peter-Monnik-Weg 4, 23562 Lübeck, Germany.|Medical Laser Center Lübeck GmbH, Peter-Monnik-Weg 4, 23562 Lübeck, Germany.
authors.forename: Gesa
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Franke
authors.affiliation: Institute of Biomedical Optics, University of Lübeck, Peter-Monnik-Weg 4, 23562 Lübeck, Germany.
authors.forename: Clara
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Pfäffle
authors.affiliation: Thorlabs GmbH, Maria-Goeppert-Straße 9, 23562 Lübeck, Germany.
authors.forename: Christian
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Winter
authors.affiliation: Institute of Biomedical Optics, University of Lübeck, Peter-Monnik-Weg 4, 23562 Lübeck, Germany.|Medical Laser Center Lübeck GmbH, Peter-Monnik-Weg 4, 23562 Lübeck, Germany.|Airway Research Center North (ARCN), Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Germany.
authors.forename: Gereon
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Hüttmann
mesh_terms: D002196:Capillaries / Q000033:anatomy & histology / Q000648:ultrastructure; D064368:Healthy Volunteers; D006801:Humans; D007091:Image Processing, Computer-Assisted / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D021621:Imaging, Three-Dimensional / Q000295:instrumentation* / Q000379:methods; D007368:Interferometry / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods*; D009412:Nerve Fibers / Q000648:ultrastructure; D061848:Optical Imaging / Q000295:instrumentation* / Q000379:methods; D012160:Retina / Q000033:anatomy & histology / Q000648:ultrastructure*; D013997:Time Factors; D041623:Tomography, Optical Coherence / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods*