title: Replacing Phosphorus-Containing Food Additives With Foods Without Additives Reduces Phosphatemia in End-Stage Renal Disease Patients: A Randomized Clinical Trial.
abstract: The purpose of the study was to verify the effects of replacing phosphorus-containing food additives with foods without additives on phosphatemia in end-stage renal disease (ESRD) patients.
  
  
  
  Randomized clinical trial.
  
  
  
  Adult patients on hemodialysis for ≥6 months at a single center.
  
  
  
  A total of 134 patients with phosphorus levels of >5.5 mg/dL were included and were randomized into an intervention group (n = 67) and a control group (n = 67).
  
  
  
  The IG received individual orientation to replace processed foods that have phosphorus additives with foods of similar nutritional value without these additives. The CG received only the nutritional orientation given before the study. Clinical laboratory data, nutritional status, energy and protein intake, and normalized protein nitrogen appearance (nPNA) were evaluated at the beginning of the study and after 90 days.
  
  
  
  There was no initial difference between the groups in terms of serum phosphorus levels, nutritional status, and energy intake. After 3 months, there was a decline in phosphorus levels in the IG (from 7.2 ± 1.4 to 5.0 ± 1.3 mg/dL, P < .001), but there was no significant difference in the CG (from 7.1 ± 1.2 to 6.7 ± 1.2 mg/dL, P = .65). In the IG, 69.7% of the patients reached the serum phosphorus target of ≤5.5 mg/dL; however, only 18.5% of the CG subjects reached this level (P < .001).
  
  
  
  At the end, there was no difference between the two groups in terms of nutritional status, energy intake, protein intake, and nPNA. The replacing phosphorus-containing food additives with foods without additives reduced serum phosphorus without interfering in the nutritional status of ESRD patients.
authors.affiliation: Post Graduation in Health Sciences Division of Santa Casa of São Paulo School of Medical Sciences, São Paulo, SP, Brazil; Nephron Group, Substitutive Renal Therapy, São Paulo, SP, Brazil. Electronic address: mglage@bol.com.br.
authors.forename: Margareth Lage Leite
authors.initials: ML
authors.lastname: de Fornasari
authors.affiliation: Post Graduation in Health Sciences Division of Santa Casa of São Paulo School of Medical Sciences, São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
authors.forename: Yvoty Alves
authors.initials: YA
authors.lastname: Dos Santos Sens
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D004032:Diet; D004044:Dietary Proteins / Q000008:administration & dosage; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D005503:Food Additives / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D006801:Humans; D054559:Hyperphosphatemia / Q000097:blood / Q000209:etiology / Q000517:prevention & control*; D007676:Kidney Failure, Chronic / Q000097:blood / Q000150:complications*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009752:Nutritional Status; D009753:Nutritive Value; D010758:Phosphorus / Q000097:blood*; D016226:Phosphorus, Dietary / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D006435:Renal Dialysis
chemical_list: D004044:Dietary Proteins; D005503:Food Additives; D016226:Phosphorus, Dietary; D010758:Phosphorus