title: Unravelling tumour heterogeneity using next-generation imaging: radiomics, radiogenomics, and habitat imaging.
abstract: Tumour heterogeneity in cancers has been observed at the histological and genetic levels, and increased levels of intra-tumour genetic heterogeneity have been reported to be associated with adverse clinical outcomes. This review provides an overview of radiomics, radiogenomics, and habitat imaging, and examines the use of these newly emergent fields in assessing tumour heterogeneity and its implications. It reviews the potential value of radiomics and radiogenomics in assisting in the diagnosis of cancer disease and determining cancer aggressiveness. This review discusses how radiogenomic analysis can be further used to guide treatment therapy for individual tumours by predicting drug response and potential therapy resistance and examines its role in developing radiomics as biomarkers of oncological outcomes. Lastly, it provides an overview of the obstacles in these emergent fields today including reproducibility, need for validation, imaging analysis standardisation, data sharing and clinical translatability and offers potential solutions to these challenges towards the realisation of precision oncology.
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, 1275 York Avenue, New York, NY 10065, USA. Electronic address: salae@mskcc.org.
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Sala
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, 1275 York Avenue, New York, NY 10065, USA; Department of Radiology, New York Presbyterian/Columbia University Medical Center, 622 W 168th St., New York, NY 10032, USA.
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Mema
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, 1275 York Avenue, New York, NY 10065, USA.
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Himoto
authors.affiliation: Department of Medical Physics, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, 1275 York Avenue, New York, NY 10065, USA.
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Veeraraghavan
authors.affiliation: Cancer Research UK, Cambridge Research Institute, Li Ka Shing Centre, Robinson Way, Cambridge CB2 0RE, UK.
authors.forename: J D
authors.initials: JD
authors.lastname: Brenton
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, 1275 York Avenue, New York, NY 10065, USA.
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Snyder
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, 1275 York Avenue, New York, NY 10065, USA.
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Weigelt
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, 1275 York Avenue, New York, NY 10065, USA.
authors.forename: H A
authors.initials: HA
authors.lastname: Vargas
mesh_terms: D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor / Q000235:genetics; D055088:Early Detection of Cancer / Q000379:methods; D059647:Gene-Environment Interaction; D020022:Genetic Predisposition to Disease / Q000235:genetics; D005820:Genetic Testing / Q000379:methods*; D023281:Genomics / Q000379:methods; D006801:Humans; D007089:Image Enhancement / Q000379:methods*; D057054:Molecular Imaging / Q000379:methods; D009369:Neoplasms / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000235:genetics*; D057285:Precision Medicine / Q000379:methods*
chemical_list: D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor