title: Toxic effect of commercial detergents on organisms from different trophic levels.
abstract: The toxic effects of four powder detergents: two laundry detergents (A and B), one household detergent (C), one dishwashing detergent (D), and the surfactant alkylbenzene sulfonate (LAS) were analyzed in this study on organisms from different trophic levels (microalgae, cladocerans, ostracods, amphipods, macrophytes, and fish). LC50and EC50values obtained in the toxicity bioassays varied between 0.019 and 116.9 mg L-1. The sensitivity of the organisms to the detergents was (from most sensitive to least sensitive) Ostracods > microalgae > amphipods > cladocerans > fishes > macrophytes. The toxicity of the commercial products (from most toxic to least toxic) was LAS > D (dishwashing detergent) > A (laundry detergent) > B (laundry detergent) > C (household detergent). When comparing the sensitivity of organisms that inhabit temperate zones (T = 18 °C) to those that are found in tropical zones (T > 25 °C), it was clear that the species that inhabit the tropics are more sensitive to detergents.
authors.affiliation: Laboratorio Alejandro Villalobos, Departamento de Hidrobiología, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana-Iztapalapa, Av. San Rafael Atlixco No. 186 Colonia Vicentina, C.P. 09340, Ciudad de México, México. coco@xanum.uam.mx.
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Sobrino-Figueroa
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D059001:Aquatic Organisms / Q000187:drug effects*; D002980:Climate; D003902:Detergents / Q000633:toxicity*; D020387:Food Chain; D013045:Species Specificity; D013501:Surface-Active Agents / Q000633:toxicity; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical / Q000633:toxicity*
chemical_list: D003902:Detergents; D013501:Surface-Active Agents; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical
keywords: Chirostoma jordani; Daphnia exilis; Detergents’ toxicity; Lemna gibba; Zebrafish