title: Dynamic interactions between dermal macrophages and Staphylococcus aureus.
abstract: The dermis, a major reservoir of immune cells in immediate vicinity to the colonizing skin microflora, serves as an important site of host-pathogen interactions. Macrophages (Mϕ) are the most frequent resident immune cell type in the dermis. They protect the host from invasive infections by highly adapted bacteria, such as staphylococci via pattern recognition of bacterial effectors, phagocytosis, and recruitment of other myeloid cells from the blood. Already under homeostatic conditions, the dermal Mϕ population receives a dynamic input of monocytes invading from the bloodstream. This quantitative renewal is promoted further at the beginning of life, when prenatally seeded cells are rapidly replaced and in healing phases after injuries or infections. Here, we discuss the potential implications of the dynamic dermal Mϕ biology on the establishment and maintenance of immunity against Staphylococcus aureus, which can either be a harmless colonizer or an invasive pathogen. The understanding of the heterogeneity of the "mature" dermal Mϕ compartment driven both by the influx of differentiating monocytes and by a bone marrow-independent Mϕ persistence and expansion may help to explain failing immunity and immunopathology originating from the skin, the important interface between host and environment.
authors.affiliation: Center for Chronic Immunodeficiency, Medical Center and Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Germany.|Faculty of Biology, University of Freiburg, Germany; and.
authors.forename: Reinhild
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Feuerstein
authors.affiliation: Center for Chronic Immunodeficiency, Medical Center and Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Germany.|Faculty of Biology, University of Freiburg, Germany; and.
authors.forename: Julia
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Kolter
authors.affiliation: Center for Chronic Immunodeficiency, Medical Center and Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Germany; philipp.henneke@uniklinik-freiburg.|Center for Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Medical Center and Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Germany.
authors.forename: Philipp
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Henneke
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002450:Cell Communication; D020405:Dermis / Q000473:pathology*; D006801:Humans; D008264:Macrophages / Q000382:microbiology* / Q000473:pathology; D013203:Staphylococcal Infections / Q000276:immunology / Q000382:microbiology* / Q000473:pathology*; D013211:Staphylococcus aureus / Q000502:physiology*; D051193:Toll-Like Receptors / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D051193:Toll-Like Receptors
keywords: TLRs; innate immunity; myeloid cells; skin; skin flora