title: Psychometric properties and validation of a four-item version of the Strauss-Carpenter scale in bipolar disorder.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Bipolar disorder is a chronic illness that impairs functioning and affects the quality of life of patients. The onset of this illness usually occurs at an early age, and the risk of relapse remains high for decades. Thus, due to the great clinical relevance of identifying long-term predictors of functioning in bipolar disorder, Strauss and Carpenter developed a scale composed of items known to have prognostic value.
  
  
  METHODS
  To determine the clinical usefulness of the four-item Strauss-Carpenter scale in bipolar disorder, a 1-year prospective follow-up study was carried out. The internal consistency, convergent and discriminant validity, and test-retest reliability of the scale were assessed. We also compared the Strauss-Carpenter scale with the reference scales Global Assessment Functioning (GAF), Clinical Global Impression for Bipolar Disorder, the Modified Version (CGI-BIP-M) and the Sheehan Disability Scale (Sheehan). Additionally, a cut-off point for remission was established.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The total sample was composed of 98 patients with a diagnosis of bipolar disorder. The four-item version of the Strauss-Carpenter scale showed to have appropriate psychometric properties, comparable to those of reference scales. The best cut-off point for remission was 14.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The four-item version of the Strauss-Carpenter scale has suitable validity and reliability for the assessment of functioning in patients with bipolar disorder.
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry, Bioaraba Research Institute, Araba University Hospital, Olaguibel Street 29, 01004, Vitoria, Spain.|Biomedical Research Networking Centre in Mental Health (CIBERSAM), OSI Araba-University Hospital, Vitoria, Spain.
authors.forename: Susana
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Alberich
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry, Bioaraba Research Institute, Araba University Hospital, Olaguibel Street 29, 01004, Vitoria, Spain.|Biomedical Research Networking Centre in Mental Health (CIBERSAM), OSI Araba-University Hospital, Vitoria, Spain.|Grupo de Investigación en Psicología clínica de la Unir, Madrid, Spain.
authors.forename: Sara
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Barbeito
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry, Bioaraba Research Institute, Araba University Hospital, Olaguibel Street 29, 01004, Vitoria, Spain.|Biomedical Research Networking Centre in Mental Health (CIBERSAM), OSI Araba-University Hospital, Vitoria, Spain.|University of the Basque Country, Vitoria, Spain.
authors.forename: Itxaso
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: González-Ortega
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry, Bioaraba Research Institute, Araba University Hospital, Olaguibel Street 29, 01004, Vitoria, Spain.|Biomedical Research Networking Centre in Mental Health (CIBERSAM), OSI Araba-University Hospital, Vitoria, Spain.
authors.forename: Amaia
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Ugarte
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry, Bioaraba Research Institute, Araba University Hospital, Olaguibel Street 29, 01004, Vitoria, Spain.|Biomedical Research Networking Centre in Mental Health (CIBERSAM), OSI Araba-University Hospital, Vitoria, Spain.
authors.forename: Patricia
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Vega
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry, Bioaraba Research Institute, Araba University Hospital, Olaguibel Street 29, 01004, Vitoria, Spain.|Biomedical Research Networking Centre in Mental Health (CIBERSAM), OSI Araba-University Hospital, Vitoria, Spain.|University of the Basque Country, Vitoria, Spain.
authors.forename: Sonia Ruiz
authors.initials: SR
authors.lastname: de Azúa
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry, Bioaraba Research Institute, Araba University Hospital, Olaguibel Street 29, 01004, Vitoria, Spain.|Biomedical Research Networking Centre in Mental Health (CIBERSAM), OSI Araba-University Hospital, Vitoria, Spain.|University of the Basque Country, Vitoria, Spain.
authors.forename: Purificación
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: López
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry, Bioaraba Research Institute, Araba University Hospital, Olaguibel Street 29, 01004, Vitoria, Spain.|Biomedical Research Networking Centre in Mental Health (CIBERSAM), OSI Araba-University Hospital, Vitoria, Spain.|University of the Basque Country, Vitoria, Spain.
authors.forename: Iñaki
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Zorrilla
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry, Bioaraba Research Institute, Araba University Hospital, Olaguibel Street 29, 01004, Vitoria, Spain. anamaria.gonzalez-pintoarrillaga@osakidetza.eus.|Biomedical Research Networking Centre in Mental Health (CIBERSAM), OSI Araba-University Hospital, Vitoria, Spain. anamaria.gonzalez-pintoarrillaga@osakidetza.eus.|University of the Basque Country, Vitoria, Spain. anamaria.gonzalez-pintoarrillaga@osakidetza.eus.
authors.forename: Ana
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: González-Pinto
keywords: Bipolar; Functioning; Outcome; Prognosis; Strauss–Carpenter