title: Development of Soil Bacterial Communities in Volcanic Ash Microcosms in a Range of Climates.
abstract: There is considerable interest in understanding the processes of microbial development in volcanic ash. We tested the predictions that there would be (1) a distinctive bacterial community associated with soil development on volcanic ash, including groups previously implicated in weathering studies; (2) a slower increase in bacterial abundance and soil C and N accumulation in cooler climates; and (3) a distinct communities developing on the same substrate in different climates. We set up an experiment, taking freshly fallen, sterilized volcanic ash from Sakurajima volcano, Japan. Pots of ash were positioned in multiple locations, with mean annual temperature (MAT) ranging from 18.6 to -3 °C. Within 12 months, bacteria were detectable by qPCR in all pots. By 24 months, bacterial copy numbers had increased by 10-100 times relative to a year before. C and N content approximately doubled between 12 and 24 months. HiSeq and MiSeq sequencing of the 16S rRNA gene revealed a distinctive bacterial community, different from developed vegetated soils in the same areas, for example in containing an abundance of unclassified bacterial groups. Community composition also differed between the ash pots at different sites, while showing no pattern in relation to MAT. Contrary to our predictions, the bacterial abundance did not show any relation to MAT. It also did not correlate to pH or N, and only C was statistically significant. It appears that bacterial community development on volcanic ash can be a rapid process not closely sensitive to temperature, involving distinct communities from developed soils.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biological Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Dorsaf
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Kerfahi
authors.affiliation: Field Science Education and Research Center, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan.
authors.forename: Ryunosuke
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Tateno
authors.affiliation: Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Shinshu University, Asahi, Matsumoto, Japan.
authors.forename: Koichi
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Takahashi
authors.affiliation: Department of Biological Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: HyunJun
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Cho
authors.affiliation: Celemics, Inc. 612 Avison Biomedical Research Center, Yonsei Medical Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Hyoki
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.affiliation: Department of Biological Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea. geograph.ecol@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Jonathan M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Adams
mesh_terms: D001419:Bacteria / Q000145:classification* / Q000235:genetics / Q000302:isolation & purification* / Q000378:metabolism; D044822:Biodiversity; D002244:Carbon / Q000378:metabolism; D002980:Climate; D004269:DNA, Bacterial / Q000737:chemistry / Q000235:genetics; D006863:Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; D007564:Japan; D059013:Microbial Consortia; D009584:Nitrogen / Q000378:metabolism; D010788:Photosynthesis; D010802:Phylogeny; D012336:RNA, Ribosomal, 16S / Q000235:genetics; D060888:Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction / Q000379:methods; D017422:Sequence Analysis, DNA; D012987:Soil / Q000737:chemistry*; D012988:Soil Microbiology; D013696:Temperature; D018707:Volcanic Eruptions
chemical_list: D004269:DNA, Bacterial; D012336:RNA, Ribosomal, 16S; D012987:Soil; D002244:Carbon; D009584:Nitrogen
keywords: 16S rRNA gene; Bacterial community; Community composition; Volcanic ash; Weathering bacteria