title: Tablet-effervescence-assisted dissolved carbon flotation for the extraction of four triazole fungicides in water by gas chromatography with mass spectrometry.
abstract: A pretreatment method named tablet-effervescence-assisted dissolved carbon flotation was introduced for the determination of four triazole fungicides in environmental water. In this method, the use of effervescent tablet composed of nontoxic sodium carbonate and sodium dihydrogen phosphate could generate CO2in situ to assist the dispersion of extraction solvent and to accelerate mass transfer of target analytes. In addition, the simple phase separation simply based on the rising of low-density organic solvent from the aqueous phase was applied rather than the application of apparatus, which demonstrated the potential for on-site extraction in the field. The experimental variables, including the composition of effervescent tablets, amount of effervescent tablets, types and volume of extraction solvent, were investigated. Under the optimized conditions, the method showed good linearity for myclobutanil, tebuconazole, epoxiconazole, and difenoconazole in the range of 1-100 μg/L. The limits of detection and the limits of quantification were within the range of 0.15-0.26 and 0.49-0.86 μg/L, respectively. The obtained correlation coefficients varied from 0.997 to 0.999, and suitable enrichment factors were 422-589. The recoveries were 82.5-112.9% with relative standard deviations of 4.7-13.5%.
authors.affiliation: College of Chemical Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, China.
authors.forename: Qizhen
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Wei
authors.affiliation: College of Chemical Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, China.
authors.forename: Zhiyu
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Song
authors.affiliation: College of Chemical Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, China.
authors.forename: Jing
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Nie
authors.affiliation: College of Chemical Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, China.
authors.forename: Hailun
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Xia
authors.affiliation: College of Chemical Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, China.
authors.forename: Fujiang
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.affiliation: College of Chemical Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, China.
authors.forename: Zuguang
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry, National Chung-Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Mawrong
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Lee
mesh_terms: D002244:Carbon; D002851:Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; D005659:Fungicides, Industrial / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D008401:Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry; D013607:Tablets; D014230:Triazoles / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D014867:Water
chemical_list: D005659:Fungicides, Industrial; D013607:Tablets; D014230:Triazoles; D014867:Water; D002244:Carbon
keywords: Gas chromatography with mass spectrometry; On-site extraction; Tablet effervescence; Triazole fungicides; Water