title: Presence and Risk Factors for Glaucoma in Patients with Diabetes.
abstract: Diabetes mellitus represents a growing international public health issue with a near quadrupling in its worldwide prevalence since 1980. Though it has many known microvascular complications, vision loss from diabetic retinopathy is one of the most devastating for affected individuals. In addition, there is increasing evidence to suggest that diabetic patients have a greater risk for glaucoma as well. Though the pathophysiology of glaucoma is not completely understood, both diabetes and glaucoma appear to share some common risk factors and pathophysiologic similarities with studies also reporting that the presence of diabetes and elevated fasting glucose levels are associated with elevated intraocular pressure-the primary risk factor for glaucomatous optic neuropathy. While no study has completely addressed the possibility of detection bias, most recent epidemiologic evidence suggests that diabetic populations are likely enriched with glaucoma patients. As the association between diabetes and glaucoma becomes better defined, routine evaluation for glaucoma in diabetic patients, particularly in the telemedicine setting, may become a reasonable consideration to reduce the risk of vision loss in these patients.
authors.affiliation: Massachusetts Eye and Ear Infirmary, Department of Ophthalmology, Harvard Medical School, 243 Charles Street, Boston, MA, 02114, USA. Brian_Song@meei.harvard.edu.
authors.forename: Brian J
authors.initials: BJ
authors.lastname: Song
authors.affiliation: Beetham Eye Institute, Joslin Diabetes Center, Harvard Medical School, 1 Joslin Place, Boston, MA, 02115, USA.
authors.forename: Lloyd Paul
authors.initials: LP
authors.lastname: Aiello
authors.affiliation: Massachusetts Eye and Ear Infirmary, Department of Ophthalmology, Harvard Medical School, 243 Charles Street, Boston, MA, 02114, USA.|Channing Division of Network Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, 181 Longwood Avenue, Boston, MA, 02215, USA.
authors.forename: Louis R
authors.initials: LR
authors.lastname: Pasquale
mesh_terms: D017209:Apoptosis; D003930:Diabetic Retinopathy / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000209:etiology*; D005901:Glaucoma / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000209:etiology*; D006801:Humans; D007333:Insulin Resistance; D012165:Retinal Ganglion Cells / Q000473:pathology; D012307:Risk Factors
keywords: Diabetes mellitus; Diabetic retinopathy; Epidemiology; Glaucoma; Risk factors