title: Comparisons of single-injection thoracic paravertebral block with ropivacaine and bupivacaine in breast cancer surgery: A prospective, randomized, double-blinded study.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Regional anesthesia using paravertebral block has been suggested as an ideal adjunct to general anesthesia for modified radical mastectomy. Paravertebral block is an effective management of peri-operative pain for Modified radical mastectomy, however, there are no established guidelines regarding what is the most suitable strategy when varying drugs and dosages between different groups.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate the effectiveness of paravertebral block comparing the most frequently employed drugs in this procedure (bupivacaine vs ropivacaine).
  
  
  METHODS
  Prospective randomized double blind study.
  
  
  METHODS
  A total 70 ASA I and II adult female patients undergoing Modified radical mastectomy under paravertebral block followed by general anesthesia were randomly divided into two groups. The first group was administered 0.375% Ropivacaine in a dose 0.25 ml /kg in paravertebral block. The second group was administered bupivacaine 0.375% in dose 0.25 ml /kg in paravertebral block. Standard induction technique followed. Heart rate (HR), systolic blood pressure (SBP), diastolic blood pressure (DBP), were recorded pre block, post block 5 min, post block 10 min, at skin incision, post skin incision initially at 5 interval for first 15 min till one hour, and every 30 min till end of surgery. Post-operative visual analogue score for pain was recorded at 1 hr, 6 hr and 24 hr.
  
  
  METHODS
  Chi-square test (Fisher's exact test) for qualitative variables. Independent samplet-test for quantitative data.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Ropivacaine and Bupivacaine had no difference in intraoperative analgesia as shown by intraoperative hemodynamic parameters. Bupivacaine got better post-operative VAS scores (P< 0.05) in mean and after first, 6 h and 24 h.
authors.affiliation: Department of Anesthesiology, Indira Gandhi Institute of Medical Sciences, Patna, Bihar, India.
authors.forename: Ashutosh
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Sahu
authors.affiliation: Department of Anesthesiology, Indira Gandhi Institute of Medical Sciences, Patna, Bihar, India.
authors.forename: Rajnish
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Kumar
authors.affiliation: Department of Anesthesiology, Indira Gandhi Institute of Medical Sciences, Patna, Bihar, India.
authors.forename: Mumtaz
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Hussain
authors.affiliation: Department of Anesthesiology, Indira Gandhi Institute of Medical Sciences, Patna, Bihar, India.
authors.forename: Ajit
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Gupta
authors.affiliation: Department of Anesthesiology, Indira Gandhi Institute of Medical Sciences, Patna, Bihar, India.
authors.forename: K H
authors.initials: KH
authors.lastname: Raghwendra
keywords: Breast cancer; bupivacaine; modified radical mastectomy; paravertebral block; ropivacaine