title: Aberrant expression of tumor-associated carbohydrate antigen Globo H in thyroid carcinoma.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The induction of tumor-associated carbohydrate antigen results from altered glycosylation in transformed cells. Globo H is a hexasaccharide glycosphingolipid overexpressed on malignancies of epithelial origin and has become an attractive vaccine target. We aimed to investigate the expression patterns and prognostic value of Globo H in thyroid neoplasms.
  
  
  METHODS
  Globo H expression was examined by immunohistochemical analysis using commercial and in-house tissue microarrays. The expression was correlated with clinicopathologic characteristics in papillary thyroid cancer.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Normal or benign thyroid lesions were negative for Globo H expression. Globo H was positive in 33% medullary, 24% papillary, 11% undifferentiated, and 8% follicular thyroid cancer. Globo H expression in papillary thyroid cancer was associated with extrathyroidal invasion (P = 0.017), BRAF mutation (P = 0.010), AMES high risk (P = 0.045), and increased ATA risk of recurrence (P = 0.022).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Globo H is specifically expressed in a subset of thyroid malignancies. In papillary thyroid cancer, Globo H expression is associated with invasiveness and BRAF mutation. Immunotherapy targeting Globo H may have potential applications in thyroid cancer. J. Surg. Oncol. 2016;114:853-858. © 2016 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, MacKay Memorial Hospital and Mackay Medical College, Taipei, Taiwan.|Department of Pharmacology and Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Shih-Ping
authors.initials: SP
authors.lastname: Cheng
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, MacKay Memorial Hospital and Mackay Medical College, Taipei, Taiwan.|Department of Pharmacology and Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Po-Sheng
authors.initials: PS
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.affiliation: Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, MacKay Memorial Hospital and Mackay Medical College, Taipei, Taiwan.|Mackay Junior College of Medicine, Nursing and Management, Taipei, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Ming-Nan
authors.initials: MN
authors.lastname: Chien
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, MacKay Memorial Hospital and Mackay Medical College, Taipei, Taiwan.|Department of Pharmacology and Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Ming-Jen
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, MacKay Memorial Hospital and Mackay Medical College, Taipei, Taiwan.|Department of Pharmacology and Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan.|Mackay Junior College of Medicine, Nursing and Management, Taipei, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Jie-Jen
authors.initials: JJ
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, MacKay Memorial Hospital and Mackay Medical College, Taipei, Taiwan. surg.mmh@gmail.com.|Mackay Junior College of Medicine, Nursing and Management, Taipei, Taiwan. surg.mmh@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Chien-Liang
authors.initials: CL
authors.lastname: Liu
mesh_terms: D018263:Adenocarcinoma, Follicular / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D000236:Adenoma / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D015295:Antigens, Tumor-Associated, Carbohydrate / Q000378:metabolism*; D002277:Carcinoma / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D018278:Carcinoma, Neuroendocrine / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D002291:Carcinoma, Papillary; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009361:Neoplasm Invasiveness; D011379:Prognosis; D000077273:Thyroid Cancer, Papillary; D013964:Thyroid Neoplasms / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology; D046888:Tissue Array Analysis
chemical_list: D015295:Antigens, Tumor-Associated, Carbohydrate; C472765:Globo-H
keywords: Globo H; thyroid cancer; tumor-associated carbohydrate antigen