title: The Role of the Equine Herpesvirus Type 1 (EHV-1) US3-Encoded Protein Kinase in Actin Reorganization and Nuclear Egress.
abstract: The serine-threonine protein kinase encoded byUS3gene (pUS3) of alphaherpesviruses was shown to modulate actin reorganization, cell-to-cell spread, and virus egress in a number of virus species. However, the role of the US3 orthologues of equine herpesvirus type 1 and 4 (EHV-1 and EHV-4) has not yet been studied. Here, we show thatUS3is not essential for virus replication in vitro. However, growth rates and plaque diameters of aUS3-deleted EHV-1 and a mutant in which the catalytic active site was destroyed were significantly reduced when compared with parental and revertant viruses or a virus in which EHV-1US3was replaced with the corresponding EHV-4 gene. The reduced plaque sizes were consistent with accumulation of primarily enveloped virions in the perinuclear space of theUS3-negative EHV-1, a phenotype that was also rescued by the EHV-4 orthologue. Furthermore, actin stress fiber disassembly was significantly more pronounced in cells infected with parental EHV-1, revertant, or the recombinant EHV-1 expressing EHV-4US3. Finally, we observed that deletion ofUS3in EHV-1 did not affect the expression of adhesion molecules on the surface of infected cells.
authors.affiliation: Institut für Virologie, Robert von Ostertag-Haus, Zentrum für Infektionsmedizin, Freie Universität Berlin, Robert-von-Ostertag-Str. 7-13, 14163 Berlin, Germany. AlexProft@gmx.de.
authors.forename: Alexandra
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Proft
authors.affiliation: Institut für Virologie, Robert von Ostertag-Haus, Zentrum für Infektionsmedizin, Freie Universität Berlin, Robert-von-Ostertag-Str. 7-13, 14163 Berlin, Germany. bart.spiesschaert@fu-berlin.de.
authors.forename: Bart
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Spiesschaert
authors.affiliation: Department of Applied Veterinary Sciences, United Graduate School of Veterinary Sciences, Gifu University, 501-1193 Gifu, Japan. s5110002@edu.gifu-u.ac.jp.
authors.forename: Satoko
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Izume
authors.affiliation: Institut für Virologie, Robert von Ostertag-Haus, Zentrum für Infektionsmedizin, Freie Universität Berlin, Robert-von-Ostertag-Str. 7-13, 14163 Berlin, Germany. selina@taferner.de.
authors.forename: Selina
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Taferner
authors.affiliation: Department of Life Sciences and Engineering, University of Applied Sciences Bingen, 55411 Bingen, Germany. mj.lehmann@th-bingen.de.
authors.forename: Maik J
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Lehmann
authors.affiliation: Institut für Virologie, Robert von Ostertag-Haus, Zentrum für Infektionsmedizin, Freie Universität Berlin, Robert-von-Ostertag-Str. 7-13, 14163 Berlin, Germany. wfazab@zedat.fu-berlin.de.|Department of Virology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, 44519 Zagazig, Egypt. wfazab@zedat.fu-berlin.de.
authors.forename: Walid
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Azab
mesh_terms: D000199:Actins / Q000378:metabolism*; D002460:Cell Line; D055786:Gene Knockout Techniques; D004861:Herpesvirus 1, Equid / Q000201:enzymology* / Q000254:growth & development / Q000502:physiology*; D054884:Host-Pathogen Interactions; D006801:Humans; D017346:Protein Serine-Threonine Kinases / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D010948:Viral Plaque Assay; D014764:Viral Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D057074:Virus Release
chemical_list: D000199:Actins; D014764:Viral Proteins; D017346:Protein Serine-Threonine Kinases
keywords: EHV-1; EHV-4; EM; US3; actin cytoskeleton; adhesion molecules