title: Therapeutic potential of the renin angiotensin system in ischaemic stroke.
abstract: The renin angiotensin system (RAS) consists of the systemic hormone system, critically involved in regulation and homeostasis of normal physiological functions [i.e. blood pressure (BP), blood volume regulation], and an independent brain RAS, which is involved in the regulation of many functions such as memory, central control of BP and metabolic functions. In general terms, the RAS consists of two opposing axes; the 'classical axis' mediated primarily by Angiotensin II (Ang II), and the 'alternative axis' mediated mainly by Angiotensin-(1-7) (Ang-(1-7)). An imbalance of these two opposing axes is thought to exist between genders and is thought to contribute to the pathology of cardiovascular conditions such as hypertension, a stroke co-morbidity. Ischaemic stroke pathophysiology has been shown to be influenced by components of the RAS with specific RAS receptor antagonists and agonists improving outcome in experimental models of stroke. Manipulation of the two opposing axes following acute ischaemic stroke may provide an opportunity for protection of the neurovascular unit, particularly in the presence of pre-existing co-morbidities where the balance may be shifted. In the present review we will give an overview of the experimental stroke studies that have investigated pharmacological interventions of the RAS.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Neuroscience and Psychology, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Garscube Estate, Glasgow, G61 1QH UK.
authors.forename: Mariana Moreira Coutinho
authors.initials: MM
authors.lastname: Arroja
authors.affiliation: Institute of Neuroscience and Psychology, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Garscube Estate, Glasgow, G61 1QH UK.
authors.forename: Emma
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Reid
authors.affiliation: Institute of Neuroscience and Psychology, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Garscube Estate, Glasgow, G61 1QH UK.
authors.forename: Christopher
authors.identifier: 0000-0003-3111-031X
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: McCabe
keywords: AT1R blockers; AT2R agonists; Acute ischaemic stroke (AIS); Angiotensin II (Ang II); Angiotensin-(1–7) (Ang-(1–7)); MasR agonists; Renin angiotensin system (RAS)