title: Observation of Coupled Vortex Lattices in a Mass-Imbalance Bose and Fermi Superfluid Mixture.
abstract: Quantized vortices play an essential role in diverse superfluid phenomena. In a Bose-Fermi superfluid mixture, especially of two mass-imbalance species, such macroscopic quantum phenomena are particularly rich due to the interplay between the Bose and Fermi superfluidity. However, generating a Bose-Fermi two-species superfluid, producing coupled vortex lattices within, and further probing interspecies interaction effects remain challenging. Here, we experimentally realize a two-species superfluid with dilute gases of lithium-6 and potassium-41, having a mass ratio of about seven. By rotating the superfluid mixture, we simultaneously produce coupled vortex lattices of the two species and thus present a definitive visual evidence for the double superfluidity. Moreover, we report several unconventional behaviors, due to the Bose-Fermi interaction, on the formation and decay of two-species vortices.
authors.affiliation: Shanghai Branch, National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale and Department of Modern Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China.|CAS Center for Excellence and Synergetic Innovation Center in Quantum Information and Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Shanghai 201315, China.|CAS-Alibaba Quantum Computing Laboratory, Shanghai 201315, China.|Physikalisches Institut, Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 226, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany.
authors.forename: Xing-Can
authors.initials: XC
authors.lastname: Yao
authors.affiliation: Shanghai Branch, National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale and Department of Modern Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China.|CAS Center for Excellence and Synergetic Innovation Center in Quantum Information and Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Shanghai 201315, China.|CAS-Alibaba Quantum Computing Laboratory, Shanghai 201315, China.
authors.forename: Hao-Ze
authors.initials: HZ
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.affiliation: Shanghai Branch, National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale and Department of Modern Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China.|CAS Center for Excellence and Synergetic Innovation Center in Quantum Information and Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Shanghai 201315, China.|CAS-Alibaba Quantum Computing Laboratory, Shanghai 201315, China.
authors.forename: Yu-Ping
authors.initials: YP
authors.lastname: Wu
authors.affiliation: Shanghai Branch, National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale and Department of Modern Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China.|CAS Center for Excellence and Synergetic Innovation Center in Quantum Information and Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Shanghai 201315, China.|CAS-Alibaba Quantum Computing Laboratory, Shanghai 201315, China.
authors.forename: Xiang-Pei
authors.initials: XP
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.affiliation: Shanghai Branch, National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale and Department of Modern Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China.|CAS Center for Excellence and Synergetic Innovation Center in Quantum Information and Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Shanghai 201315, China.|CAS-Alibaba Quantum Computing Laboratory, Shanghai 201315, China.
authors.forename: Xiao-Qiong
authors.initials: XQ
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: Shanghai Branch, National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale and Department of Modern Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China.|CAS Center for Excellence and Synergetic Innovation Center in Quantum Information and Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Shanghai 201315, China.|CAS-Alibaba Quantum Computing Laboratory, Shanghai 201315, China.
authors.forename: Xiao
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Jiang
authors.affiliation: Shanghai Branch, National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale and Department of Modern Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China.|CAS Center for Excellence and Synergetic Innovation Center in Quantum Information and Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Shanghai 201315, China.|CAS-Alibaba Quantum Computing Laboratory, Shanghai 201315, China.
authors.forename: Youjin
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Deng
authors.affiliation: Shanghai Branch, National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale and Department of Modern Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China.|CAS Center for Excellence and Synergetic Innovation Center in Quantum Information and Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Shanghai 201315, China.|CAS-Alibaba Quantum Computing Laboratory, Shanghai 201315, China.
authors.forename: Yu-Ao
authors.initials: YA
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.affiliation: Shanghai Branch, National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale and Department of Modern Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China.|CAS Center for Excellence and Synergetic Innovation Center in Quantum Information and Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Shanghai 201315, China.|CAS-Alibaba Quantum Computing Laboratory, Shanghai 201315, China.
authors.forename: Jian-Wei
authors.initials: JW
authors.lastname: Pan