title: Does Scapular Motion Regress with Aging and is It Restricted in Patients with Idiopathic Frozen Shoulder?
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  It has been reported that the amount of posterior tilt and upward rotation in scapular motions decreases with aging. The purposes of the current study were to investigate age related scapular motion regression and scapular restriction in patients with idiopathic frozen shoulder (IFS).
  
  
  METHODS
  The groups were recruited as follows: two groups of 50 asymptomatic subjects aged in their twenties and fifties, and 56 patients with IFS. We passively moved the scapula toward 8 directions: elevation/depression; upward/downward rotation; external/internal rotation; and anterior/posterior tilt. The grading of scapular motion was ranged from 0 to 3 (3, normal; and 0, severe restriction) and the score for each direction and the total aggregated score for all directions were calculated.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Scapular restriction was present in 3 subjects (6%) in the normal 20s group, 10 (14%) in the 50s group, and 51 (91%) in the IFS group. The total score between the normal 20s and 50s groups did not show statistical difference; however, greater significance was present between the normal 50s group and the IFS group (p < 0.01). There was statistical significance in depression (p < 0.01), downward rotation (p < 0.01), and posterior tilt (p < 0.01) among the 3 groups.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Depression, downward rotation, and posterior tilt substantially regress with aging. Scapular motions towards depression, downward rotation, external rotation, and posterior tilt are severely restricted in the IFS group.
authors.affiliation: Department of Rehabilitation, Kuwano Kyoritsu Hospital, 2-9-18 Koriyama, Fukushima 963-8034 Japan.
authors.forename: Kazuhiro
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Endo
authors.affiliation: Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Kuwano Kyoritsu Hospital, Koriyama, Fukushima Japan.
authors.forename: Junichiro
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Hamada
authors.affiliation: Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Kuwano Kyoritsu Hospital, Koriyama, Fukushima Japan.
authors.forename: Kazuaki
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Suzuki
authors.affiliation: Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Tohoku University School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan.
authors.forename: Yoshihiro
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Hagiwara
authors.affiliation: Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan.
authors.forename: Takayuki
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Muraki
authors.affiliation: Koriyama Institute of Health Science, School of Physical Therapy, Koriyama, Fukushima, Japan.
authors.forename: Hiroshi
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Karasuno