title: Neuroproteomic study of nitrated proteins in moderate traumatic brain injured rats treated with gamma glutamyl cysteine ethyl ester administration post injury: Insight into the role of glutathione elevation in nitrosative stress.
abstract: The aims of this study are to establish a time point to determine the most beneficial time to administer GCEE post incident to reduce oxidative damage and second, by using redox proteomics, to determine if GCEE can readily suppress 3-NT modification in TBI animals.
  
  
  
  By using a moderate traumatic brain injury model with Wistar rats, it is hypothesized that the role of 3-nitrotyrosine (3-NT) formation as an intermediate will predict the involvement of protein nitration/nitrosation and oxidative damage in the brain.
  
  
  
  In this experiment, the levels of protein carbonyls, 4-hydroxynonenal, and 3-nitrotyrosine were significantly elevated in TBI injured, saline treated rats compared with those who sustained an injury and were treated with 150 mg/kg of the glutathione mimetic, GCEE.
  
  
  
  Determining the existence of elevated 3-NT levels provides insight into the relationship between the protein nitration/nitrosation and the oxidative damage, which can determine the pathogenesis and progression of specific neurological diseases.
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry, Eastern Kentucky University, Richmond, KY, USA.
authors.forename: Moses
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Henderson
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry, Eastern Kentucky University, Richmond, KY, USA.
authors.forename: Brittany
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Rice
authors.affiliation: Spinal Cord & Brian Injury Research Center, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA.
authors.forename: Andrea
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Sebastian
authors.affiliation: Spinal Cord & Brian Injury Research Center, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA.
authors.forename: Patrick G
authors.initials: PG
authors.lastname: Sullivan
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.
authors.forename: Christina
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: King
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.
authors.forename: Renã A S
authors.initials: RA
authors.lastname: Robinson
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry, Eastern Kentucky University, Richmond, KY, USA.
authors.forename: Tanea T
authors.initials: TT
authors.lastname: Reed
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000975:Antioxidants / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D001921:Brain / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D000070642:Brain Injuries, Traumatic / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000378:metabolism*; D003545:Cysteine / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use; D004151:Dipeptides; D008297:Male; D009566:Nitrates / Q000378:metabolism*; D018384:Oxidative Stress / Q000187:drug effects*; D011499:Protein Processing, Post-Translational / Q000187:drug effects*; D040901:Proteomics; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar
chemical_list: D000975:Antioxidants; D004151:Dipeptides; D009566:Nitrates; C067744:N-gamma-glutamylcysteine ethyl ester; C031752:ethyl cysteine; D003545:Cysteine
keywords: 3-Nitrotyrosine (3-NT); Nitrosative stress; Protein nitration; Reactive nitrogen species (RNS); Traumatic brain injury (TBI)