title: Dual Inhibition of Topoisomerase II and Tyrosine Kinases by the Novel Bis-Fluoroquinolone Chalcone-Like Derivative HMNE3 in Human Pancreatic Cancer Cells.
abstract: Both tyrosine kinase and topoisomerase II (TopII) are important anticancer targets, and their respective inhibitors are widely used in cancer therapy. However, some combinations of anticancer drugs could exhibit mutually antagonistic actions and drug resistance, which further limit their therapeutic efficacy. Here, we report that HMNE3, a novel bis-fluoroquinolone chalcone-like derivative that targets both tyrosine kinase and TopII, induces tumor cell proliferation and growth inhibition. The viabilities of 6 different cancer cell lines treated with a range of HMNE3 doses were detected using the 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay. Cellular apoptosis was determined using Hoechst 33258 fluorescence staining and the terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase (TdT) dUTP nick-end labeling (TUNEL) assay. The expression of activated Caspase-3 was examined by immunocytochemistry. The tyrosine kinase activity was measured with a human receptor tyrosine kinase (RTK) detection kit using a horseradish peroxidase (HRP)-conjugated phosphotyrosine (pY20) antibody as the substrate. The topoisomerase II activity was measured using agarose gel electrophoresis with the DNA plasmid pBR322 as the substrate. The expression levels of the P53, Bax, Bcl-2, Caspase-3, -8, -9, p-cSrc, c-Src and topoisomerase II proteins were detected by western blot analysis. The proliferation of five of the six cancer cell lines was significantly inhibited by HMNE3 at 0.312 to 10 μmol/L in a time- and dose-dependent manner. Treatment of the Capan-1 and Panc-1 cells with 1.6 to 3.2 μM HMNE3 for 48 h significantly increased the percentage of apoptotic cells (P<0.05), and this effect was accompanied by a decrease in tyrosine kinase activity. HMNE3 potentially inhibited tyrosine kinase activity in vitro with an IC50 value of 0.64±0.34 μmol/L in Capan-1 cells and 3.1±0.86 μmol/L in Panc-1 cells. The activity of c-Src was significantly inhibited by HMNE3 in a dose- and time-dependent manner in different cellular contexts. Compared with the control group, HMNE3 induced increased expression of cellular apoptosis-related proteins. Consistent with cellular apoptosis data, a significant decrease in topoisomerase IIβ activity was noted following treatment with HMNE3 for 24 h. Our data suggest that HMNE3 induced apoptosis in Capan-1 and Panc-1 cells by inhibiting the activity of both tyrosine kinases and topoisomerase II.
authors.affiliation: Clinical Medical Institute of Luohe Medical College, Luohe, Henan, P.R. China.|The First Affiliated Hospital of Luohe Medical College, Luohe, Henan, P.R. China.|Tumor Occurrence and Prevention Research Innovation team of Luohe, Luohe, Henan, P.R. China.
authors.forename: Yong-Chao
authors.initials: YC
authors.lastname: Ma
authors.affiliation: Basic Medical Institute of ZhengZhou University, ZhengZhou, Henan, P.R. China.
authors.forename: Zhi-Xin
authors.initials: ZX
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: Institute of pharmacology of Luohe Medical College, Luohe, Henan, P.R. China.
authors.forename: Shao-Ju
authors.initials: SJ
authors.lastname: Jin
authors.affiliation: Basic Medical Institute of Luohe Medical College, Luohe, Henan, P.R. China.
authors.forename: Yan-Xin
authors.initials: YX
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: Institute of Chemistry and Biology of Henan University, Kaifeng, Henan, P.R. China.
authors.forename: Guo-Qiang
authors.initials: GQ
authors.lastname: Hu
authors.affiliation: Clinical Medical Institute of Luohe Medical College, Luohe, Henan, P.R. China.
authors.forename: Dong-Tao
authors.initials: DT
authors.lastname: Cui
authors.affiliation: Basic Medical Institute of Luohe Medical College, Luohe, Henan, P.R. China.
authors.forename: Jiang-Shuan
authors.initials: JS
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: Clinical Medical Institute of Luohe Medical College, Luohe, Henan, P.R. China.
authors.forename: Min
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: Basic Medical Institute of Luohe Medical College, Luohe, Henan, P.R. China.
authors.forename: Fu-Qing
authors.initials: FQ
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: Clinical Medical Institute of Luohe Medical College, Luohe, Henan, P.R. China.
authors.forename: Zhi-Jun
authors.initials: ZJ
authors.lastname: Zhao
mesh_terms: D017209:Apoptosis / Q000187:drug effects; D059447:Cell Cycle Checkpoints / Q000187:drug effects; D045744:Cell Line, Tumor; D002599:Chalcone / Q000737:chemistry*; D002939:Ciprofloxacin / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000737:chemistry; D004250:DNA Topoisomerases, Type II / Q000378:metabolism*; D006801:Humans; D010190:Pancreatic Neoplasms / Q000473:pathology*; D047428:Protein Kinase Inhibitors / Q000494:pharmacology*; D011505:Protein-Tyrosine Kinases / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors*; D059005:Topoisomerase II Inhibitors / Q000494:pharmacology*
chemical_list: C000619915:HMNE3 compound; D047428:Protein Kinase Inhibitors; D059005:Topoisomerase II Inhibitors; D002939:Ciprofloxacin; D002599:Chalcone; D011505:Protein-Tyrosine Kinases; D004250:DNA Topoisomerases, Type II