title: Chronic Hepatitis B and C Virus Infection and Risk for Non-Hodgkin Lymphoma in HIV-Infected Patients: A Cohort Study.
abstract: Non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL) is the most common AIDS-defining condition in the era of antiretroviral therapy (ART). Whether chronic hepatitis B virus (HBV) and hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection promote NHL in HIV-infected patients is unclear.
  
  
  
  To investigate whether chronic HBV and HCV infection are associated with increased incidence of NHL in HIV-infected patients.
  
  
  
  Cohort study.
  
  
  
  18 of 33 cohorts from the Collaboration of Observational HIV Epidemiological Research Europe (COHERE).
  
  
  
  HIV-infected patients with information on HBV surface antigen measurements and detectable HCV RNA, or a positive HCV antibody test result if HCV RNA measurements were not available.
  
  
  
  Time-dependent Cox models to assess risk for NHL in treatment-naive patients and those initiating ART, with inverse probability weighting to control for informative censoring.
  
  
  
  A total of 52 479 treatment-naive patients (1339 [2.6%] with chronic HBV infection and 7506 [14.3%] with HCV infection) were included, of whom 40 219 (77%) later started ART. The median follow-up was 13 months for treatment-naive patients and 50 months for those receiving ART. A total of 252 treatment-naive patients and 310 treated patients developed NHL, with incidence rates of 219 and 168 cases per 100 000 person-years, respectively. The hazard ratios for NHL with HBV and HCV infection were 1.33 (95% CI, 0.69 to 2.56) and 0.67 (CI, 0.40 to 1.12), respectively, in treatment-naive patients and 1.74 (CI, 1.08 to 2.82) and 1.73 (CI, 1.21 to 2.46), respectively, in treated patients.
  
  
  
  Many treatment-naive patients later initiated ART, which limited the study of the associations of chronic HBV and HCV infection with NHL in this patient group.
  
  
  
  In HIV-infected patients receiving ART, chronic co-infection with HBV and HCV is associated with an increased risk for NHL.
  
  
  
  European Union Seventh Framework Programme.
authors.affiliation: From Basel Institute for Clinical Epidemiology & Biostatistics, University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland; University of Siena, Siena, Italy; University College London, London, United Kingdom; Innsbruck Medical University, Innsbruck, Austria; University of Athens, Athens, Greece; Université Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France; Stichting HIV Monitoring, Amsterdam, the Netherlands; University Hospital of Cologne, Cologne, Germany; Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, Madrid, Spain; Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark; IRCCS Ospedale San Raffaele, Milan, Italy; National Institute for Infectious Diseases Lazzaro Spallanzani IRCCS, Rome, Italy; University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy; University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy; University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain; Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Saint-Pierre, Brussels, Belgium; and University Hospital Zurich and University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.
authors.forename: Qing
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: From Basel Institute for Clinical Epidemiology & Biostatistics, University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland; University of Siena, Siena, Italy; University College London, London, United Kingdom; Innsbruck Medical University, Innsbruck, Austria; University of Athens, Athens, Greece; Université Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France; Stichting HIV Monitoring, Amsterdam, the Netherlands; University Hospital of Cologne, Cologne, Germany; Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, Madrid, Spain; Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark; IRCCS Ospedale San Raffaele, Milan, Italy; National Institute for Infectious Diseases Lazzaro Spallanzani IRCCS, Rome, Italy; University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy; University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy; University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain; Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Saint-Pierre, Brussels, Belgium; and University Hospital Zurich and University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.
authors.forename: Andrea
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: De Luca
authors.affiliation: From Basel Institute for Clinical Epidemiology & Biostatistics, University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland; University of Siena, Siena, Italy; University College London, London, United Kingdom; Innsbruck Medical University, Innsbruck, Austria; University of Athens, Athens, Greece; Université Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France; Stichting HIV Monitoring, Amsterdam, the Netherlands; University Hospital of Cologne, Cologne, Germany; Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, Madrid, Spain; Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark; IRCCS Ospedale San Raffaele, Milan, Italy; National Institute for Infectious Diseases Lazzaro Spallanzani IRCCS, Rome, Italy; University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy; University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy; University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain; Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Saint-Pierre, Brussels, Belgium; and University Hospital Zurich and University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.
authors.forename: Colette
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Smith
authors.affiliation: From Basel Institute for Clinical Epidemiology & Biostatistics, University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland; University of Siena, Siena, Italy; University College London, London, United Kingdom; Innsbruck Medical University, Innsbruck, Austria; University of Athens, Athens, Greece; Université Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France; Stichting HIV Monitoring, Amsterdam, the Netherlands; University Hospital of Cologne, Cologne, Germany; Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, Madrid, Spain; Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark; IRCCS Ospedale San Raffaele, Milan, Italy; National Institute for Infectious Diseases Lazzaro Spallanzani IRCCS, Rome, Italy; University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy; University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy; University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain; Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Saint-Pierre, Brussels, Belgium; and University Hospital Zurich and University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.
authors.forename: Robert
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Zangerle
authors.affiliation: From Basel Institute for Clinical Epidemiology & Biostatistics, University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland; University of Siena, Siena, Italy; University College London, London, United Kingdom; Innsbruck Medical University, Innsbruck, Austria; University of Athens, Athens, Greece; Université Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France; Stichting HIV Monitoring, Amsterdam, the Netherlands; University Hospital of Cologne, Cologne, Germany; Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, Madrid, Spain; Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark; IRCCS Ospedale San Raffaele, Milan, Italy; National Institute for Infectious Diseases Lazzaro Spallanzani IRCCS, Rome, Italy; University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy; University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy; University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain; Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Saint-Pierre, Brussels, Belgium; and University Hospital Zurich and University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.
authors.forename: Helen
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Sambatakou
authors.affiliation: From Basel Institute for Clinical Epidemiology & Biostatistics, University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland; University of Siena, Siena, Italy; University College London, London, United Kingdom; Innsbruck Medical University, Innsbruck, Austria; University of Athens, Athens, Greece; Université Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France; Stichting HIV Monitoring, Amsterdam, the Netherlands; University Hospital of Cologne, Cologne, Germany; Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, Madrid, Spain; Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark; IRCCS Ospedale San Raffaele, Milan, Italy; National Institute for Infectious Diseases Lazzaro Spallanzani IRCCS, Rome, Italy; University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy; University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy; University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain; Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Saint-Pierre, Brussels, Belgium; and University Hospital Zurich and University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.
authors.forename: Fabrice
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Bonnet
authors.affiliation: From Basel Institute for Clinical Epidemiology & Biostatistics, University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland; University of Siena, Siena, Italy; University College London, London, United Kingdom; Innsbruck Medical University, Innsbruck, Austria; University of Athens, Athens, Greece; Université Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France; Stichting HIV Monitoring, Amsterdam, the Netherlands; University Hospital of Cologne, Cologne, Germany; Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, Madrid, Spain; Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark; IRCCS Ospedale San Raffaele, Milan, Italy; National Institute for Infectious Diseases Lazzaro Spallanzani IRCCS, Rome, Italy; University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy; University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy; University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain; Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Saint-Pierre, Brussels, Belgium; and University Hospital Zurich and University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.
authors.forename: Colette
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Smit
authors.affiliation: From Basel Institute for Clinical Epidemiology & Biostatistics, University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland; University of Siena, Siena, Italy; University College London, London, United Kingdom; Innsbruck Medical University, Innsbruck, Austria; University of Athens, Athens, Greece; Université Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France; Stichting HIV Monitoring, Amsterdam, the Netherlands; University Hospital of Cologne, Cologne, Germany; Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, Madrid, Spain; Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark; IRCCS Ospedale San Raffaele, Milan, Italy; National Institute for Infectious Diseases Lazzaro Spallanzani IRCCS, Rome, Italy; University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy; University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy; University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain; Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Saint-Pierre, Brussels, Belgium; and University Hospital Zurich and University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.
authors.forename: Philipp
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Schommers
authors.affiliation: From Basel Institute for Clinical Epidemiology & Biostatistics, University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland; University of Siena, Siena, Italy; University College London, London, United Kingdom; Innsbruck Medical University, Innsbruck, Austria; University of Athens, Athens, Greece; Université Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France; Stichting HIV Monitoring, Amsterdam, the Netherlands; University Hospital of Cologne, Cologne, Germany; Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, Madrid, Spain; Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark; IRCCS Ospedale San Raffaele, Milan, Italy; National Institute for Infectious Diseases Lazzaro Spallanzani IRCCS, Rome, Italy; University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy; University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy; University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain; Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Saint-Pierre, Brussels, Belgium; and University Hospital Zurich and University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.
authors.forename: Alicia
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Thornton
authors.affiliation: From Basel Institute for Clinical Epidemiology & Biostatistics, University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland; University of Siena, Siena, Italy; University College London, London, United Kingdom; Innsbruck Medical University, Innsbruck, Austria; University of Athens, Athens, Greece; Université Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France; Stichting HIV Monitoring, Amsterdam, the Netherlands; University Hospital of Cologne, Cologne, Germany; Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, Madrid, Spain; Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark; IRCCS Ospedale San Raffaele, Milan, Italy; National Institute for Infectious Diseases Lazzaro Spallanzani IRCCS, Rome, Italy; University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy; University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy; University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain; Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Saint-Pierre, Brussels, Belgium; and University Hospital Zurich and University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.
authors.forename: Juan
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Berenguer
authors.affiliation: From Basel Institute for Clinical Epidemiology & Biostatistics, University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland; University of Siena, Siena, Italy; University College London, London, United Kingdom; Innsbruck Medical University, Innsbruck, Austria; University of Athens, Athens, Greece; Université Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France; Stichting HIV Monitoring, Amsterdam, the Netherlands; University Hospital of Cologne, Cologne, Germany; Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, Madrid, Spain; Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark; IRCCS Ospedale San Raffaele, Milan, Italy; National Institute for Infectious Diseases Lazzaro Spallanzani IRCCS, Rome, Italy; University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy; University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy; University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain; Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Saint-Pierre, Brussels, Belgium; and University Hospital Zurich and University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.
authors.forename: Lars
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Peters
authors.affiliation: From Basel Institute for Clinical Epidemiology & Biostatistics, University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland; University of Siena, Siena, Italy; University College London, London, United Kingdom; Innsbruck Medical University, Innsbruck, Austria; University of Athens, Athens, Greece; Université Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France; Stichting HIV Monitoring, Amsterdam, the Netherlands; University Hospital of Cologne, Cologne, Germany; Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, Madrid, Spain; Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark; IRCCS Ospedale San Raffaele, Milan, Italy; National Institute for Infectious Diseases Lazzaro Spallanzani IRCCS, Rome, Italy; University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy; University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy; University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain; Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Saint-Pierre, Brussels, Belgium; and University Hospital Zurich and University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.
authors.forename: Vincenzo
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Spagnuolo
authors.affiliation: From Basel Institute for Clinical Epidemiology & Biostatistics, University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland; University of Siena, Siena, Italy; University College London, London, United Kingdom; Innsbruck Medical University, Innsbruck, Austria; University of Athens, Athens, Greece; Université Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France; Stichting HIV Monitoring, Amsterdam, the Netherlands; University Hospital of Cologne, Cologne, Germany; Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, Madrid, Spain; Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark; IRCCS Ospedale San Raffaele, Milan, Italy; National Institute for Infectious Diseases Lazzaro Spallanzani IRCCS, Rome, Italy; University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy; University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy; University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain; Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Saint-Pierre, Brussels, Belgium; and University Hospital Zurich and University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.
authors.forename: Adriana
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Ammassari
authors.affiliation: From Basel Institute for Clinical Epidemiology & Biostatistics, University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland; University of Siena, Siena, Italy; University College London, London, United Kingdom; Innsbruck Medical University, Innsbruck, Austria; University of Athens, Athens, Greece; Université Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France; Stichting HIV Monitoring, Amsterdam, the Netherlands; University Hospital of Cologne, Cologne, Germany; Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, Madrid, Spain; Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark; IRCCS Ospedale San Raffaele, Milan, Italy; National Institute for Infectious Diseases Lazzaro Spallanzani IRCCS, Rome, Italy; University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy; University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy; University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain; Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Saint-Pierre, Brussels, Belgium; and University Hospital Zurich and University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.
authors.forename: Andrea
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Antinori
authors.affiliation: From Basel Institute for Clinical Epidemiology & Biostatistics, University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland; University of Siena, Siena, Italy; University College London, London, United Kingdom; Innsbruck Medical University, Innsbruck, Austria; University of Athens, Athens, Greece; Université Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France; Stichting HIV Monitoring, Amsterdam, the Netherlands; University Hospital of Cologne, Cologne, Germany; Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, Madrid, Spain; Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark; IRCCS Ospedale San Raffaele, Milan, Italy; National Institute for Infectious Diseases Lazzaro Spallanzani IRCCS, Rome, Italy; University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy; University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy; University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain; Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Saint-Pierre, Brussels, Belgium; and University Hospital Zurich and University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.
authors.forename: Eugenia
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Quiros-Roldan
authors.affiliation: From Basel Institute for Clinical Epidemiology & Biostatistics, University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland; University of Siena, Siena, Italy; University College London, London, United Kingdom; Innsbruck Medical University, Innsbruck, Austria; University of Athens, Athens, Greece; Université Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France; Stichting HIV Monitoring, Amsterdam, the Netherlands; University Hospital of Cologne, Cologne, Germany; Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, Madrid, Spain; Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark; IRCCS Ospedale San Raffaele, Milan, Italy; National Institute for Infectious Diseases Lazzaro Spallanzani IRCCS, Rome, Italy; University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy; University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy; University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain; Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Saint-Pierre, Brussels, Belgium; and University Hospital Zurich and University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.
authors.forename: Cristina
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Mussini
authors.affiliation: From Basel Institute for Clinical Epidemiology & Biostatistics, University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland; University of Siena, Siena, Italy; University College London, London, United Kingdom; Innsbruck Medical University, Innsbruck, Austria; University of Athens, Athens, Greece; Université Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France; Stichting HIV Monitoring, Amsterdam, the Netherlands; University Hospital of Cologne, Cologne, Germany; Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, Madrid, Spain; Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark; IRCCS Ospedale San Raffaele, Milan, Italy; National Institute for Infectious Diseases Lazzaro Spallanzani IRCCS, Rome, Italy; University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy; University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy; University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain; Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Saint-Pierre, Brussels, Belgium; and University Hospital Zurich and University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.
authors.forename: Jose M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Miro
authors.affiliation: From Basel Institute for Clinical Epidemiology & Biostatistics, University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland; University of Siena, Siena, Italy; University College London, London, United Kingdom; Innsbruck Medical University, Innsbruck, Austria; University of Athens, Athens, Greece; Université Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France; Stichting HIV Monitoring, Amsterdam, the Netherlands; University Hospital of Cologne, Cologne, Germany; Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, Madrid, Spain; Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark; IRCCS Ospedale San Raffaele, Milan, Italy; National Institute for Infectious Diseases Lazzaro Spallanzani IRCCS, Rome, Italy; University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy; University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy; University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain; Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Saint-Pierre, Brussels, Belgium; and University Hospital Zurich and University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.
authors.forename: Deborah
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Konopnicki
authors.affiliation: From Basel Institute for Clinical Epidemiology & Biostatistics, University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland; University of Siena, Siena, Italy; University College London, London, United Kingdom; Innsbruck Medical University, Innsbruck, Austria; University of Athens, Athens, Greece; Université Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France; Stichting HIV Monitoring, Amsterdam, the Netherlands; University Hospital of Cologne, Cologne, Germany; Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, Madrid, Spain; Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark; IRCCS Ospedale San Raffaele, Milan, Italy; National Institute for Infectious Diseases Lazzaro Spallanzani IRCCS, Rome, Italy; University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy; University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy; University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain; Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Saint-Pierre, Brussels, Belgium; and University Hospital Zurich and University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.
authors.forename: Jan
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Fehr
authors.affiliation: From Basel Institute for Clinical Epidemiology & Biostatistics, University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland; University of Siena, Siena, Italy; University College London, London, United Kingdom; Innsbruck Medical University, Innsbruck, Austria; University of Athens, Athens, Greece; Université Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France; Stichting HIV Monitoring, Amsterdam, the Netherlands; University Hospital of Cologne, Cologne, Germany; Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, Madrid, Spain; Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark; IRCCS Ospedale San Raffaele, Milan, Italy; National Institute for Infectious Diseases Lazzaro Spallanzani IRCCS, Rome, Italy; University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy; University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy; University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain; Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Saint-Pierre, Brussels, Belgium; and University Hospital Zurich and University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.
authors.forename: Maria A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Campbell
authors.affiliation: From Basel Institute for Clinical Epidemiology & Biostatistics, University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland; University of Siena, Siena, Italy; University College London, London, United Kingdom; Innsbruck Medical University, Innsbruck, Austria; University of Athens, Athens, Greece; Université Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France; Stichting HIV Monitoring, Amsterdam, the Netherlands; University Hospital of Cologne, Cologne, Germany; Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, Madrid, Spain; Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark; IRCCS Ospedale San Raffaele, Milan, Italy; National Institute for Infectious Diseases Lazzaro Spallanzani IRCCS, Rome, Italy; University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy; University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy; University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain; Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Saint-Pierre, Brussels, Belgium; and University Hospital Zurich and University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.
authors.forename: Monique
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Termote
authors.affiliation: From Basel Institute for Clinical Epidemiology & Biostatistics, University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland; University of Siena, Siena, Italy; University College London, London, United Kingdom; Innsbruck Medical University, Innsbruck, Austria; University of Athens, Athens, Greece; Université Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France; Stichting HIV Monitoring, Amsterdam, the Netherlands; University Hospital of Cologne, Cologne, Germany; Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, Madrid, Spain; Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark; IRCCS Ospedale San Raffaele, Milan, Italy; National Institute for Infectious Diseases Lazzaro Spallanzani IRCCS, Rome, Italy; University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy; University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy; University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain; Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Saint-Pierre, Brussels, Belgium; and University Hospital Zurich and University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.
authors.forename: Heiner C
authors.initials: HC
authors.lastname: Bucher
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D019380:Anti-HIV Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000097:blood; D015331:Cohort Studies; D005260:Female; D015658:HIV Infections / Q000150:complications* / Q000188:drug therapy; D006508:Hepatitis Antibodies / Q000097:blood; D006512:Hepatitis B Core Antigens / Q000276:immunology; D006514:Hepatitis B Surface Antigens / Q000097:blood / Q000276:immunology; D019694:Hepatitis B, Chronic / Q000150:complications* / Q000175:diagnosis; D006526:Hepatitis C / Q000276:immunology; D019698:Hepatitis C, Chronic / Q000150:complications* / Q000175:diagnosis; D006801:Humans; D007074:Immunoglobulin G / Q000097:blood; D008228:Lymphoma, Non-Hodgkin / Q000150:complications* / Q000401:mortality; D008297:Male; D012367:RNA, Viral / Q000097:blood; D012307:Risk Factors
chemical_list: D019380:Anti-HIV Agents; D015415:Biomarkers; D006508:Hepatitis Antibodies; D006512:Hepatitis B Core Antigens; D006514:Hepatitis B Surface Antigens; D007074:Immunoglobulin G; D012367:RNA, Viral