title: Cross-cultural translation of the Lysholm knee score in Chinese and its validation in patients with anterior cruciate ligament injury.
abstract: The Lysholm Knee Score (LKS) is widely used and is one of the most effective questionnaires employed to assess knee injuries. Although LKS has been translated into multiple languages, there is no Chinese version even though China has the largest population of patients with knee-joint injuries. The objective of our study was to develop the Chinese version of LKS (C-LKS) and assess its reliability, validity and responsiveness in Chinese patients with anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injuries.
  
  
  
  Study participants were mainly recruited among patients with ACL injuries scheduled for arthroscopic ACL reconstruction at our hospital. First, we developed the C-LKS in a five-step translation and cross-cultural adaptation procedure. Next, we calculated the Cronbach's alpha, intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC), Pearson's correlation coefficient (r), effect size (ES), and standardized response mean (SRM) to evaluate the reliability, validity, and responsiveness of C-LKS respectively.
  
  
  
  Overall, 126 patients with ACL injuries successfully completed the questionnaires. Acceptable internal consistency (Cronbach's alpha = 0.726) as well as excellent test-retest reliability (ICC = 0.935) was found for C-LKS. Good or moderate correlation (r = 0.514-0.837) was determined among C-LKS and International Knee Documentation Committee Subjective Knee Form (IKDC), Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Osteoarthritis Index (WOMAC), physical subscales of SF-36; C-LKS also had fair or moderate correlation (r = 0.207-0.462) with the other subscales of SF-36, which adequately illustrated that good validity was included in C-LKS. In addition, good responsiveness was also observed in C-LKS (ES = 1.36,SRM = 1.26).
  
  
  
  We have shown that our developed C-LKS questionnaire is reliable, valid and responsible for the evaluation of Chinese-speaking patients with ACL injuries and it would be an effective instrument.
authors.affiliation: Department of Orthopedics, Chengdu Military General Hospital, Chengdu city, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: W
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: Department of Hepatic Surgery, Eastern Hepatobiliary Surgery Hospital, Shanghai, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.affiliation: Department of urology, Changhai Hospital, Shanghai, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: X
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Chang
authors.affiliation: Department of Orthopedics, Changhai Hospital, No.168, Changhai Road, Shanghai, 200433, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Z Y
authors.initials: ZY
authors.lastname: Jia
authors.affiliation: Department of Orthopedics, No.401 Hospital, Jinan Military Region of PLA, Qingdao city, Shandong province, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: J Z
authors.initials: JZ
authors.lastname: Zhao
authors.affiliation: Department of Orthopedics, Changhai Hospital, No.168, Changhai Road, Shanghai, 200433, People's Republic of China. wdxushanghai@sina.com.
authors.forename: W D
authors.initials: WD
authors.lastname: Xu
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000070598:Anterior Cruciate Ligament Injuries / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000601:surgery; D059549:Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction; D002681:China; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007719:Knee Joint / Q000503:physiopathology*; D065466:Lysholm Knee Score; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D014175:Translating; D055815:Young Adult
keywords: Adaptation; Lysholm knee score; Psychometrics; Quality of Life; Validation