title: Plasmodium vivax GPI-anchored micronemal antigen (PvGAMA) binds human erythrocytes independent of Duffy antigen status.
abstract: Plasmodium vivax, a major agent of malaria in both temperate and tropical climates, has been thought to be unable to infect humans lacking the Duffy (Fy) blood group antigen because this receptor is critical for erythrocyte invasion. Recent surveys in various endemic regions, however, have reported P. vivax infections in Duffy-negative individuals, suggesting that the parasite may utilize alternative receptor-ligand pairs to complete the erythrocyte invasion. Here, we identified and characterized a novel parasite ligand, Plasmodium vivax GPI-anchored micronemal antigen (PvGAMA), that bound human erythrocytes regardless of Duffy antigen status. PvGAMA was localized at the microneme in the mature schizont-stage parasites. The antibodies against PvGAMA fragments inhibited PvGAMA binding to erythrocytes in a dose-dependent manner. The erythrocyte-specific binding activities of PvGAMA were significantly reduced by chymotrypsin treatment. Thus, PvGAMA may be an adhesion molecule for the invasion of Duffy-positive and -negative human erythrocytes.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medical Environmental Biology and Tropical Medicine, School of Medicine, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, Gangwon-do 200-701, Republic of Korea.|Department of Parasitology, Wuxi Medical School, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China.|Laboratory of Malaria and Vector Research (LMVR), National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Rockville, MD 20852, USA.
authors.forename: Yang
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Cheng
authors.affiliation: Department of Medical Environmental Biology and Tropical Medicine, School of Medicine, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, Gangwon-do 200-701, Republic of Korea.|Jiangsu Institute of Parasitic Diseases, Wuxi, Jiangsu, People's China.
authors.forename: Feng
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Lu
authors.affiliation: Department of Medical Environmental Biology and Tropical Medicine, School of Medicine, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, Gangwon-do 200-701, Republic of Korea.|Department of Clinical Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China.
authors.forename: Bo
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: Department of Medical Environmental Biology and Tropical Medicine, School of Medicine, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, Gangwon-do 200-701, Republic of Korea.|Department of Parasitology, College of Basic Medicine, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, Hubei, China.
authors.forename: Jian
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: Department of Medical Environmental Biology and Tropical Medicine, School of Medicine, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, Gangwon-do 200-701, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Jin-Hee
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Han
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Malaria and Vector Research (LMVR), National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Rockville, MD 20852, USA.|Division of Malaria Research, Proteo-Science Center, Ehime University, Matsuyama, Ehime 790-8577, Japan.
authors.forename: Daisuke
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Ito
authors.affiliation: Department of Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, Gangwon-do 200-701, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Deok-Hoon
authors.initials: DH
authors.lastname: Kong
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of Molecular Virology and Immunology, Unit of Human Parasite Molecular and Cell Biology, Institut Pasteur of Shanghai, Shanghai 200031, China.
authors.forename: Lubin
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Jiang
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Malaria and Vector Research (LMVR), National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Rockville, MD 20852, USA.
authors.forename: Jian
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Wu
authors.affiliation: Department of Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, Gangwon-do 200-701, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Kwon-Soo
authors.initials: KS
authors.lastname: Ha
authors.affiliation: Division of Malaria Research, Proteo-Science Center, Ehime University, Matsuyama, Ehime 790-8577, Japan.
authors.forename: Eizo
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Takashima
authors.affiliation: Mahidol Vivax Research Unit, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10400, Thailand.
authors.forename: Jetsumon
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Sattabongkot
authors.affiliation: Jiangsu Institute of Parasitic Diseases, Wuxi, Jiangsu, People's China.
authors.forename: Jun
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Cao
authors.affiliation: Department of Medical Environmental Biology and Tropical Medicine, School of Medicine, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, Gangwon-do 200-701, Republic of Korea.|Department of Medical Research, Yangon, Myanmar.
authors.forename: Myat Htut
authors.initials: MH
authors.lastname: Nyunt
authors.affiliation: Department of Medical Research, Yangon, Myanmar.
authors.forename: Myat Phone
authors.initials: MP
authors.lastname: Kyaw
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Malaria and Vector Research (LMVR), National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Rockville, MD 20852, USA.
authors.forename: Sanjay A
authors.initials: SA
authors.lastname: Desai
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Malaria and Vector Research (LMVR), National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Rockville, MD 20852, USA.
authors.forename: Louis H
authors.initials: LH
authors.lastname: Miller
authors.affiliation: Division of Malaria Research, Proteo-Science Center, Ehime University, Matsuyama, Ehime 790-8577, Japan.
authors.forename: Takafumi
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Tsuboi
authors.affiliation: Department of Medical Environmental Biology and Tropical Medicine, School of Medicine, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, Gangwon-do 200-701, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Eun-Taek
authors.initials: ET
authors.lastname: Han
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000818:Animals; D000953:Antigens, Protozoan / Q000378:metabolism*; D001789:Blood Group Antigens / Q000378:metabolism; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D002648:Child; D002918:Chymotrypsin / Q000494:pharmacology; D004912:Erythrocytes / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology; D006801:Humans; D016780:Malaria, Vivax / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology; D008875:Middle Aged; D010966:Plasmodium vivax / Q000378:metabolism*; D011485:Protein Binding; D015800:Protozoan Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D011956:Receptors, Cell Surface / Q000378:metabolism*; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D000953:Antigens, Protozoan; D001789:Blood Group Antigens; C066001:Duffy antigen binding protein, Plasmodium; C000627107:GPI-anchored micronemal antigen, Plasmodium vivax; D015800:Protozoan Proteins; D011956:Receptors, Cell Surface; D002918:Chymotrypsin