title: Revising theSchizoparmaceae:Coniellaand its synonymsPilidiellaandSchizoparme.
abstract: The asexual generaConiella(1918) andPilidiella(1927), including their sexual morphs inSchizoparme(1923), have a cosmopolitan distribution and are associated with foliar, fruit, leaf, stem and root diseases on a wide variety of hosts. Species of these genera sometimes occur as secondary invaders of plant tissues infected by other organisms or that are injured by other causes. Several studies published over the last few decades had conflicting ideas as to whetherConiella,PilidiellaandSchizoparmeshould be regarded as synonymous or as separate genera. The present study aims to resolve the generic classification of these genera through phylogenetic analyses of the concatenated alignment of partial LSU nrDNA,rpb2, ITS nrDNA andtef1sequence data of 117 isolates, combined with their morphology. Results revealed that all strains cluster in a single well-supported clade. Conidial colour, traditionally the distinguishing character betweenConiellaandPilidiella, evolved multiple times throughout the clade, and is not a good character at generic level inSchizoparmaceae. The three genera should therefore be regarded as synonymous, with the older nameConiellahaving priority. Furthermore, this study delineated 13 new species, and new combinations were proposed for a further 15 species.
authors.affiliation: Polytechnic University of the Philippines, Santa Mesa, Manila, Philippines.
authors.forename: L V
authors.initials: LV
authors.lastname: Alvarez
authors.affiliation: CBS-KNAW Fungal Biodiversity Centre, P.O. Box 85167, 3508 AD Utrecht, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: J Z
authors.initials: JZ
authors.lastname: Groenewald
authors.affiliation: CBS-KNAW Fungal Biodiversity Centre, P.O. Box 85167, 3508 AD Utrecht, The Netherlands; Department of Microbiology and Plant Pathology, Forestry and Agricultural Biotechnology Institute (FABI), University of Pretoria, Pretoria 0002, South Africa; Microbiology, Department of Biology, Utrecht University, Padualaan 8, 3584 CH Utrecht, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: P W
authors.initials: PW
authors.lastname: Crous
keywords: C. angustispora (Samuels et al.) L.V. Alvarez & Crous; C. calamicola (J. Fröhl. & K.D. Hyde) L.V. Alvarez & Crous; C. crousii (Rajeshk. et al.) L.V. Alvarez & Crous; C. destruens (M.E. Barr & Hodges) L.V. Alvarez & Crous; C. diplodiopsis (Crous & van Niekerk) L.V. Alvarez & Crous; C. erumpens L.V. Alvarez & Crous; C. eucalyptigena (Crous & M.J. Wingf.) L.V. Alvarez & Crous; C. eucalyptorum (Crous & M. J. Wingf.) L.V. Alvarez & Crous; C. fusiformis L.V. Alvarez & Crous; C. javanica L.V. Alvarez & Crous; C. koreana L.V. Alvarez & Crous; C. lanneae L.V. Alvarez & Crous; C. limoniformis L.V. Alvarez & Crous; C. malaysiana L.V. Alvarez & Crous; C. nicotianae L.V. Alvarez & Crous; C. nigra (P.N. Mathur et al.) L.V. Alvarez & Crous; C. obovata L.V. Alvarez & Crous; C. paracastaneicola L.V. Alvarez & Crous; C. pseudogranati (Crous) L.V. Alvarez & Crous; C. pseudostraminea L.V. Alvarez & Crous; C. quercicola (Oudem.) L.V. Alvarez & Crous; C. solicola L.V. Alvarez & Crous; C. straminea (Shear) L.V. Alvarez & Crous; C. stromatica (Samuels et al.) L.V. Alvarez & Crous; C. terminaliicola L.V. Alvarez & Crous (basionym: Schizoparme terminaliae Samuels et al.); C. tibouchinae (B.E.C. Miranda et al.) L.V. Alvarez & Crous; C. wangiensis (Crous & Summerell) L.V. Alvarez & Crous; Coniella africana L.V. Alvarez & Crous; DNA phylogeny; Diaporthales; Sordariomycetes; phytopathogenic fungi; systematics