title: Unrestricted lineage differentiation of parthenogenetic ES cells.
abstract: The developmental potential of parthenogenetic embryonic stem (P-ES) cells was studied in teratomas and mouse chimaeras. Teratomas derived from P-ES cells contained a mixture of tissue types with variable proportions of specific tissues. Three of the eight P-ES cell lines analysed showed high proportions of striated muscle in teratomas, similar to teratomas from normal embryos or ES cell lines derived from fertilised embryos (F-ES cells). Our study also revealed that one P-ES cell line showed little lineage restriction in injection chimaeras. Descendants of the P-ES cells contributed to most tissues of chimaeric fetuses in patterns similar to F-ES cells. Normal colonisation of muscle, liver and pancreas was found in adult chimaeras. P-ES cells also showed similar haematopoietic differentiation and maturation as F-ES cells. However, extensive P-ES cell contribution was associated with a reduction in body size. These findings suggest that, while P-ES cells display more extensive developmental potential than the cells of parthenogenetic embryos from which they were derived, they only retained properties related to the presence of the maternal genome. To elucidate the molecular basis for the lack of lineage restriction during in vivo differentiation, the expression of four imprinted genes, H19, Igf2r, Igf2 and Snrpn was compared among five P-ES and two F-ES cell lines. Expression levels of these genes varied among the different ES cell lines, both in undifferentiated ES cells and in embryoid bodies.
authors.affiliation: Embryology Unit, Children's Medical Research Institute, Locked Bag 23, Wentworthville NSW 2145, Australia, , , , , , AU.
authors.forename: K S
authors.initials: KS
authors.lastname: Sturm
authors.affiliation: Pediatric Immunology, Department of Research, Kantonsspital Basel, Hebelstrasse 20, CH-4031 Basel, Switzerland, , , , , , CH.
authors.forename: Christoph N
authors.initials: CN
authors.lastname: Berger
authors.affiliation: Embryology Unit, Children's Medical Research Institute, Locked Bag 23, Wentworthville NSW 2145, Australia, , , , , , AU.
authors.forename: Sheila X
authors.initials: SX
authors.lastname: Zhou
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Mammalian Development, National Institute for Medical Research, Mill Hill, London NW7 1AA, UK, , , , , , ML.
authors.forename: Sally L
authors.initials: SL
authors.lastname: Dunwoodie
authors.affiliation: Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia, , , , , , AU.
authors.forename: Seong-Seng
authors.initials: SS
authors.lastname: Tan
authors.affiliation: Embryology Unit, Children's Medical Research Institute, Locked Bag 23, Wentworthville NSW 2145, Australia, , , , , , AU.
authors.forename: Patrick P L
authors.initials: PP
authors.lastname: Tam
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D018929:Cell Culture Techniques; D002454:Cell Differentiation; D002678:Chimera; D058732:Embryoid Bodies / Q000166:cytology; D053595:Embryonic Stem Cells / Q000166:cytology*; D018392:Genomic Imprinting; D051379:Mice; D010312:Parthenogenesis; D013724:Teratoma / Q000378:metabolism
keywords: Chimaeras; Genomic imprinting; Key words Cell potency; Lineage differentiation; Parthenogenetic embryos