title: Total Energy Expenditure in Obese Kuwaiti Primary School Children Assessed by the Doubly-Labeled Water Technique.
abstract: The aim of this pilot study was to assess body composition and total energy expenditure (TEE) in 35 obese 7-9 years old Kuwaiti children (18 girls and 17 boys). Total body water (TBW) and TEE were assessed by doubly-labeled water technique. TBW was derived from the intercept of the elimination rate of deuterium and TEE from the difference in elimination rates of18O and deuterium. TBW was used to estimate fat-free mass (FFM), using hydration factors for different ages and gender. Fat mass (FM) was calculated as the difference between body weight and FFM. Body weight was not statistically different but TBW was significantly higher (p= 0.018) in boys (44.9% ± 3.3%) than girls (42.4% ± 3.0%), while girls had significantly higher estimated FM (45.2 ± 3.9 weight % versus 41.6% ± 4.3%;p= 0.014). TEE was significantly higher in boys (2395 ± 349 kcal/day) compared with girls (1978 ± 169 kcal/day);p= 0.001. Estimated physical activity level (PAL) was significantly higher in boys; 1.61 ± 0.167 versus 1.51 ± 0.870;p= 0.034. Our results provide the first dataset of TEE in 7-9 years old obese Kuwaiti children and highlight important gender differences to be considered during the development of school based interventions targeted to combat childhood obesity.
authors.affiliation: Food and Nutrition Program, Environment and Life Sciences Research Center, Kuwait Institute for Scientific Research, P.O. Box 24885, Safat 13109, Kuwait. lena.davidsson@dasmaninstitute.org.
authors.forename: Lena
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Davidsson
authors.affiliation: Food and Nutrition Program, Environment and Life Sciences Research Center, Kuwait Institute for Scientific Research, P.O. Box 24885, Safat 13109, Kuwait. jsager@kisr.edu.kw.
authors.forename: Jameela
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Al-Ghanim
authors.affiliation: Food and Nutrition Program, Environment and Life Sciences Research Center, Kuwait Institute for Scientific Research, P.O. Box 24885, Safat 13109, Kuwait. tareqalaati@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Tareq
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Al-Ati
authors.affiliation: The Public Authority for Food and Nutrition, Bayan 43600, Kuwait. nawal.alhamad@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Nawal
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Al-Hamad
authors.affiliation: Food and Nutrition Program, Environment and Life Sciences Research Center, Kuwait Institute for Scientific Research, P.O. Box 24885, Safat 13109, Kuwait. Anwar.kisr@hotmail.com.
authors.forename: Anwar
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Al-Mutairi
authors.affiliation: Food and Nutrition Program, Environment and Life Sciences Research Center, Kuwait Institute for Scientific Research, P.O. Box 24885, Safat 13109, Kuwait. lolayan@kisr.edu.kw.
authors.forename: Lulwa
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Al-Olayan
authors.affiliation: Stable Isotope Biochemistry Laboratory, Scottish Universities Environmental Research Centre, Rankine Avenue, Scottish Enterprise Technology Park, East Kilbride, Glasgow G75 0QF, UK. tom.preston@glasgow.ac.uk.
authors.forename: Thomas
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Preston
mesh_terms: D001823:Body Composition; D001834:Body Water; D001835:Body Weight; D002648:Child; D004734:Energy Metabolism / Q000502:physiology*; D015444:Exercise / Q000502:physiology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007730:Kuwait; D008297:Male; D063766:Pediatric Obesity / Q000503:physiopathology*; D010865:Pilot Projects; D012574:Schools; D012737:Sex Factors
keywords: body composition; children; obesity; total energy expenditure