title: Lack of effects of ooplasm transfer on early development of interspecies somatic cell nuclear transfer bison embryos.
abstract: Successful development of iSCNT (interspecies somatic cell nuclear transfer) embryos depends on complex interactions between ooplasmic and nuclear components, which can be compromised by genetic divergence. Transfer of ooplasm matching the genetic background of the somatic cell in iSCNT embryos is a valuable tool to study the degree of incompatibilities between nuclear and ooplasmic components. This study investigated the effects of ooplasm transfer (OT) on cattle (Bos taurus) and plains bison (Bison bison bison) embryos produced by iSCNT and supplemented with or without ooplasm from cattle or plains bison oocytes.
  
  
  
  Embryos in all groups were analysed for developmental competence that included cleavage rates, ATP content, and expression of nuclear- and mitochondrial- encoded genes at 8-16 cell stage. Interestingly, no significant differences were observed in embryo development, ATP content, and expression of nuclear respiratory factor 2 (NRF2), mitochondrial transcription factor A (TFAM) and mitochondrial subunit 2 of cytochrome c oxidase (mt-COX2) among groups. Thus, although OT did not result in any detrimental effects on the reconstructed embryos due to invasive manipulation, significant benefits of OT were not observed up to the 8-16 cell stage.
  
  
  
  This study showed that a viable technique for OT + SCNT is possible, however, further understanding of the effects of OT on blastocyst development is necessary.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Guelph, 50 Stone Road E, Guelph, Ontario, N1G 2W1, Canada.
authors.forename: L Antonio
authors.initials: LA
authors.lastname: González-Grajales
authors.affiliation: Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Guelph, 50 Stone Road E, Guelph, Ontario, N1G 2W1, Canada.
authors.forename: Laura A
authors.initials: LA
authors.lastname: Favetta
authors.affiliation: Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Guelph, 50 Stone Road E, Guelph, Ontario, N1G 2W1, Canada.
authors.forename: W Allan
authors.initials: WA
authors.lastname: King
authors.affiliation: Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Guelph, 50 Stone Road E, Guelph, Ontario, N1G 2W1, Canada. gmastromonaco@torontozoo.ca.|Reproductive Physiology, Toronto Zoo, 361A Old Finch Avenue, Toronto, Ontario, M1B 5K7, Canada. gmastromonaco@torontozoo.ca.
authors.forename: Gabriela F
authors.initials: GF
authors.lastname: Mastromonaco
mesh_terms: D000255:Adenosine Triphosphate / Q000378:metabolism; D000818:Animals; D016164:Bison; D002417:Cattle; D002467:Cell Nucleus / Q000378:metabolism; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D003593:Cytoplasm / Q000637:transplantation*; D003576:Electron Transport Complex IV / Q000235:genetics; D004622:Embryo, Mammalian / Q000166:cytology / Q000196:embryology; D047108:Embryonic Development; D005260:Female; D018507:Gene Expression Regulation, Developmental; D008297:Male; D024101:Mitochondrial Proteins / Q000235:genetics; D051267:NF-E2-Related Factor 2 / Q000235:genetics; D009687:Nuclear Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D053652:Nuclear Transfer Techniques; D009865:Oocytes / Q000166:cytology / Q000378:metabolism*; D020133:Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction; D014157:Transcription Factors / Q000235:genetics
chemical_list: D024101:Mitochondrial Proteins; D051267:NF-E2-Related Factor 2; D009687:Nuclear Proteins; D014157:Transcription Factors; D000255:Adenosine Triphosphate; C117108:cytochrome C oxidase subunit II; D003576:Electron Transport Complex IV
keywords: ATP; Gene expression; Micromanipulation techniques; Mitochondria