title: A Personalized Approach in Progressive Multiple Sclerosis: The Current Status of Disease Modifying Therapies (DMTs) and Future Perspectives.
abstract: Using the term of progressive multiple sclerosis (PMS), we considered a combined population of persons with secondary progressive MS (SPMS) and primary progressive MS (PPMS). These forms of MS cannot be challenged with efficacy by the licensed therapy. In the last years, several measures of risk estimation were developed for predicting clinical course in MS, but none is specific for the PMS forms. Personalized medicine is a therapeutic approach, based on identifying what might be the best therapy for an individual patient, taking into account the risk profile. We need to achieve more accurate estimates of useful predictors in PMS, including unconventional and qualitative markers which are not yet currently available or practicable routine diagnostics. The evaluation of an individual patient is based on the profile of disease activity.Within the neurology field, PMS is one of the fastest-moving going into the future.
authors.affiliation: Multiple Sclerosis Center, Policlinico G. Rodolico, via Santa Sofia, 78 Catania 95123, Italy. emanueledamico82@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Emanuele
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: D'Amico
authors.affiliation: Multiple Sclerosis Center, Policlinico G. Rodolico, via Santa Sofia, 78 Catania 95123, Italy. patti@unict.it.
authors.forename: Francesco
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Patti
authors.affiliation: Multiple Sclerosis Center, Policlinico G. Rodolico, via Santa Sofia, 78 Catania 95123, Italy. aurora.zanghi@yahoo.it.
authors.forename: Aurora
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Zanghì
authors.affiliation: Multiple Sclerosis Center, Policlinico G. Rodolico, via Santa Sofia, 78 Catania 95123, Italy. m.zappia@unict.it.
authors.forename: Mario
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Zappia
mesh_terms: D000893:Anti-Inflammatory Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D000975:Antioxidants / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000134:cerebrospinal fluid; D006801:Humans; D007249:Inflammation / Q000473:pathology; D008928:Mitochondria / Q000473:pathology; D020528:Multiple Sclerosis, Chronic Progressive / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000473:pathology*; D018696:Neuroprotective Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D018384:Oxidative Stress; D057285:Precision Medicine / Q000379:methods*; D011379:Prognosis
chemical_list: D000893:Anti-Inflammatory Agents; D000975:Antioxidants; D015415:Biomarkers; D018696:Neuroprotective Agents
keywords: future perspectives; personalized treatment; progressive multiple sclerosis