title: Luteolin ameliorates colistin-induced nephrotoxicity in the rat models.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To study the protective, preventive effect of luteolin from colistin-induced nephrotoxicity.
  
  
  METHODS
  Four different treatment options were tested on rats: colistin, luteolin, and a combination of colistin and luteolin, intraperitoneally as two doses a day, for seven days. Another group of rats were used as the control and treated with sterile saline. Serum creatinine levels were measured before and after treatment. Histological changes and colistin-induced apoptosis (Insitu BrdU-red DNA Fragmentation Assay Kit) of the renal tissues were examined after the scarification procedure.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In the Colistin Group, post-treatment creatinine levels were statistically higher than the pretreatment levels (p = .001). In the remaining groups, no significant changes were observed. Cells that undergo apoptosis were counted and it was shown that all groups except the colistin-treated group had a similar number of apoptotic cells, whereas the colistin-treated group had statistically higher number of apoptotic cells compared to other groups (p = .0001). Renal histological damage was also measured and the score of the colistin treated group was higher as compared to other groups.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The results obtained from this study demonstrated us that luteolin was capable of preventing colistin-induced nephrotoxicity and that this effect was significant at histopathological level.
authors.affiliation: a Department of Anesthesia and Reanimation, Faculty of Medicine , Esenyurt State Hospital , Istanbul , Turkey.
authors.forename: Birsen Yigit
authors.initials: BY
authors.lastname: Arslan
authors.affiliation: b Department of Infectious Diseases and Clinical Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine , Istanbul Medeniyet University , Istanbul , Turkey.
authors.forename: Ferhat
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Arslan
authors.affiliation: c Department of Anesthesia and Reanimation , Bagcılar Education and Training Hospital , Istanbul , Turkey.
authors.forename: Kerem
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Erkalp
authors.affiliation: c Department of Anesthesia and Reanimation , Bagcılar Education and Training Hospital , Istanbul , Turkey.
authors.forename: Ayşin
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Alagöl
authors.affiliation: c Department of Anesthesia and Reanimation , Bagcılar Education and Training Hospital , Istanbul , Turkey.
authors.forename: Mehmet Salih
authors.initials: MS
authors.lastname: Sevdi
authors.affiliation: c Department of Anesthesia and Reanimation , Bagcılar Education and Training Hospital , Istanbul , Turkey.
authors.forename: Güneş
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Yıldız
authors.affiliation: d Department of Biochemistry , Bagcılar Education and Training Hospital , Istanbul , Turkey.
authors.forename: Suat Hayri
authors.initials: SH
authors.lastname: Küçük
authors.affiliation: e Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine , Selçuk University , Konya , Turkey.
authors.forename: Serdar
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Altınay
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents / Q000009:adverse effects*; D017209:Apoptosis / Q000187:drug effects; D003091:Colistin / Q000009:adverse effects*; D003404:Creatinine / Q000097:blood; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D007668:Kidney / Q000473:pathology; D007674:Kidney Diseases / Q000139:chemically induced* / Q000517:prevention & control*; D047311:Luteolin / Q000494:pharmacology*; D008297:Male; D018384:Oxidative Stress / Q000187:drug effects; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar
chemical_list: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents; D003404:Creatinine; D047311:Luteolin; D003091:Colistin
keywords: Flavonoid; colistin; nephrotoxicity