title: Combining regression and mean comparisons to identify the time course of changes in neuromuscular responses during the process of fatigue.
abstract: The purposes of the present study were to apply a unique method for the identification of the time course of changes in neuromuscular responses and to infer the motor unit activation strategies used to maintain force during a fatiguing, intermittent isometric workbout. Eleven men performed 50, 6 s intermittent isometric muscle actions of the leg extensors, each separated by 2 s of rest at 60% maximal voluntary isometric contraction (MVIC). Electromyographic (EMG) and mechanomyographic (MMG) amplitude (root mean square; RMS) and frequency (mean power frequency; MPF) were obtained from the vastus lateralis (VL) every 5 of the 50 repetitions and normalized as a percent of the initial repetition. Polynomial regression analyses were used to determine the model of best fit for the normalized EMG RMS, EMG MPF, MMG RMS, and MMG MPF versus repetition relationships and one-way repeated measures ANOVAs with post-hoc Student Newman-Keuls were used to identify when these neuromuscular parameters changed from the initial repetition. The findings of the present study indicated two unique phases of neuromuscular responses (repetitions 1-20 and 20-50) during the fatiguing workbout. The time course of changes in these four neuromuscular responses suggested that the after-hyperpolarization theory could not explain the maintenance of force production, but Muscle Wisdom and the Onion Skin Scheme could. The findings of the current study suggested that the time course of changes in neuromuscular responses can provide insight in to the motor unit activation strategies used to maintain force production and allow for a greater understanding of the fatiguing process by identifying the time-points at which these neuromuscular parameters changed.
authors.affiliation: Department of Nutrition and Health Sciences, Human Performance Laboratory, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE 68505, USA.
authors.forename: Cory M
authors.initials: CM
authors.lastname: Smith
authors.forename: Terry J
authors.initials: TJ
authors.lastname: Housh
authors.forename: Nathaniel D M
authors.initials: ND
authors.lastname: Jenkins
authors.forename: Ethan C
authors.initials: EC
authors.lastname: Hill
authors.forename: Kristen C
authors.initials: KC
authors.lastname: Cochrane
authors.forename: Amelia A
authors.initials: AA
authors.lastname: Miramonti
authors.forename: Richard J
authors.initials: RJ
authors.lastname: Schmidt
authors.forename: Glen O
authors.initials: GO
authors.lastname: Johnson
mesh_terms: D004576:Electromyography; D005221:Fatigue / Q000503:physiopathology*; D006801:Humans; D007537:Isometric Contraction; D008297:Male; D009132:Muscles / Q000502:physiology*; D009474:Neurons / Q000166:cytology*; D012044:Regression Analysis; D012815:Signal Processing, Computer-Assisted; D055815:Young Adult