title: WSES classification and guidelines for liver trauma.
abstract: The severity of liver injuries has been universally classified according to the American Association for the Surgery of Trauma (AAST) grading scale. In determining the optimal treatment strategy, however, the haemodynamic status and associated injuries should be considered. Thus the management of liver trauma is ultimately based on the anatomy of the injury and the physiology of the patient. This paper presents the World Society of Emergency Surgery (WSES) classification of liver trauma and the management Guidelines.
authors.affiliation: General Emergency and Trauma Surgery Department, Papa Giovanni XXIII Hospital, Piazza OMS 1, 24127 Bergamo, Italy.
authors.forename: Federico
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Coccolini
authors.affiliation: Emergency and Trauma Surgery, Parma Maggiore Hospital, Parma, Italy.
authors.forename: Fausto
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Catena
authors.affiliation: Trauma Surgery, Denver Health, Denver, CO USA.
authors.forename: Ernest E
authors.initials: EE
authors.lastname: Moore
authors.affiliation: Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA USA.
authors.forename: Rao
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Ivatury
authors.affiliation: Acute Care Surgery, The Queen's Medical Center, Honolulu, HI USA.
authors.forename: Walter
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Biffl
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, Trauma and Surgical Services, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, USA.
authors.forename: Andrew
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Peitzman
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, UC San Diego Health System, San Diego, USA.
authors.forename: Raul
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Coimbra
authors.affiliation: Trauma & Acute Care Service, St Michael's Hospital, Toronto, ON Canada.
authors.forename: Sandro
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Rizoli
authors.affiliation: Division of General Surgery Rambam Health Care Campus, Haifa, Israel.
authors.forename: Yoram
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Kluger
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, UAE University, Al-Ain, United Arab Emirates.
authors.forename: Fikri M
authors.initials: FM
authors.lastname: Abu-Zidan
authors.affiliation: General Emergency and Trauma Surgery Department, Papa Giovanni XXIII Hospital, Piazza OMS 1, 24127 Bergamo, Italy.
authors.forename: Marco
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Ceresoli
authors.affiliation: General Emergency and Trauma Surgery Department, Papa Giovanni XXIII Hospital, Piazza OMS 1, 24127 Bergamo, Italy.
authors.forename: Giulia
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Montori
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, Macerata Hospital, Macerata, Italy.
authors.forename: Massimo
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Sartelli
authors.affiliation: Department of General Surgery, Royal Perth Hospital, Perth, Australia.
authors.forename: Dieter
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Weber
authors.affiliation: Faculdade de Ciências Médicas (FCM)-Unicamp, Campinas, SP Brazil.
authors.forename: Gustavo
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Fraga
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa.
authors.forename: Noel
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Naidoo
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL USA.
authors.forename: Frederick A
authors.initials: FA
authors.lastname: Moore
authors.affiliation: General Surgery Department, Infermi Hospital, Rimini, Italy.
authors.forename: Nicola
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Zanini
authors.affiliation: General Emergency and Trauma Surgery Department, Papa Giovanni XXIII Hospital, Piazza OMS 1, 24127 Bergamo, Italy.
authors.forename: Luca
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Ansaloni
mesh_terms: D000007:Abdominal Injuries / Q000601:surgery*; D004632:Emergency Medical Services / Q000379:methods*; D006801:Humans; D015601:Injury Severity Score; D008099:Liver / Q000293:injuries*; D010346:Patient Care Management / Q000379:methods*; D017410:Practice Guidelines as Topic; D013514:Surgical Procedures, Operative / Q000145:classification / Q000379:methods
keywords: Classification; Guidelines; Hemorrage; Liver trauma; Minor; Moderate; Non-operative management; Operative management; Severe; Surgery