title: Shared Genetic Factors Influence Head Motion During MRI and Body Mass Index.
abstract: Head movements are typically viewed as a nuisance to functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) analysis, and are particularly problematic for resting state fMRI. However, there is growing evidence that head motion is a behavioral trait with neural and genetic underpinnings. Using data from a large randomly ascertained extended pedigree sample of Mexican Americans (n = 689), we modeled the genetic structure of head motion during resting state fMRI and its relation to 48 other demographic and behavioral phenotypes. A replication analysis was performed using data from the Human Connectome Project, which uses an extended twin design (n = 864). In both samples, head motion was significantly heritable (h2 = 0.313 and 0.427, respectively), and phenotypically correlated with numerous traits. The most strongly replicated relationship was between head motion and body mass index, which showed evidence of shared genetic influences in both data sets. These results highlight the need to view head motion in fMRI as a complex neurobehavioral trait correlated with a number of other demographic and behavioral phenotypes. Given this, when examining individual differences in functional connectivity, the confounding of head motion with other traits of interest needs to be taken into consideration alongside the critical important of addressing head motion artifacts.
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, 300 George Street, New Haven, CT 06511, USA.
authors.forename: Karen
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Hodgson
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychology , Stanford University, Jordan Hall Building 01-420, 450 Serra Mall, Stanford, CA 94305, USA.
authors.forename: Russell A
authors.initials: RA
authors.lastname: Poldrack
authors.affiliation: South Texas Diabetes and Obesity Institute, University of Texas Rio Grande Valley School of Medicine, Brownsville, TX 78520, USA.
authors.forename: Joanne E
authors.initials: JE
authors.lastname: Curran
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, 300 George Street, New Haven, CT 06511, USA.
authors.forename: Emma E
authors.initials: EE
authors.lastname: Knowles
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, 300 George Street, New Haven, CT 06511, USA.
authors.forename: Samuel
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Mathias
authors.affiliation: South Texas Diabetes and Obesity Institute, University of Texas Rio Grande Valley School of Medicine, Brownsville, TX 78520, USA.
authors.forename: Harald H H
authors.initials: HHH
authors.lastname: Göring
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, 300 George Street, New Haven, CT 06511, USA.
authors.forename: Nailin
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Yao
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry, University of Texas Health Science Center San Antonio, 7703 Floyd Curl Drive, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA.
authors.forename: Rene L
authors.initials: RL
authors.lastname: Olvera
authors.affiliation: Research Imaging Institute, University of Texas Health Science Center San Antonio, 8403 Floyd Curl Drive, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA.
authors.forename: Peter T
authors.initials: PT
authors.lastname: Fox
authors.affiliation: South Texas Diabetes and Obesity Institute, University of Texas Rio Grande Valley School of Medicine, Brownsville, TX 78520, USA.
authors.forename: Laura
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Almasy
authors.affiliation: South Texas Diabetes and Obesity Institute, University of Texas Rio Grande Valley School of Medicine, Brownsville, TX 78520, USA.
authors.forename: Ravi
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Duggirala
authors.affiliation: Psychological & Brain Sciences, Washington University in St. Louis, One Brookings Drive, St. Louis, MO63130-4899, USA.
authors.forename: Deanna M
authors.initials: DM
authors.lastname: Barch
authors.affiliation: South Texas Diabetes and Obesity Institute, University of Texas Rio Grande Valley School of Medicine, Brownsville, TX 78520, USA.
authors.forename: John
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Blangero
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, 300 George Street, New Haven, CT 06511, USA.|Olin Neuropsychiatry Research Center, Institute of Living, Hartford Hospital, 200 Retreat Avenue, CT 06106, USA.
authors.forename: David C
authors.initials: DC
authors.lastname: Glahn
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D015992:Body Mass Index; D015331:Cohort Studies; D063132:Connectome; D005260:Female; D056726:Genetic Association Studies; D019416:Head Movements; D006801:Humans; D040582:Inheritance Patterns; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging; D008297:Male; D017058:Mexican Americans / Q000235:genetics; D008875:Middle Aged; D010641:Phenotype; D012146:Rest; D012737:Sex Factors; D055815:Young Adult
keywords: BMI; MRI; head motion