title: Use of Brilliant Blue FCF during vein graft preparation inhibits intimal hyperplasia.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Intimal hyperplasia remains the primary cause of vein graft failure for the 1 million yearly bypass procedures performed using human saphenous vein (HSV) grafts. This response to injury is caused in part by the harvest and preparation of the conduit. The use of Brilliant Blue FCF (FCF) restores injury-induced loss of function in vascular tissues possibly via inhibition of purinergic receptor signaling. This study investigated whether pretreatment of the vein graft with FCF prevents intimal hyperplasia.
  
  
  METHODS
  Cultured rat aortic smooth muscle cells (A7r5) were used to determine the effect of FCF on platelet-derived growth factor-mediated migration and proliferation, cellular processes that contribute to intimal hyperplasia. The effectiveness of FCF treatment during the time of explantation on preventing intimal hyperplasia was evaluated in a rabbit jugular-carotid interposition model and in an organ culture model using HSV.
  
  
  RESULTS
  FCF inhibited platelet-derived growth factor-induced migration and proliferation of A7r5 cells. Treatment with FCF at the time of vein graft explantation inhibited the subsequent development of intimal thickening in the rabbit model. Pretreatment with FCF also prevented intimal thickening of HSV in organ culture.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Incorporation of FCF as a component of vein graft preparation at the time of explantation represents a potential therapeutic approach to mitigate intimal hyperplasia, reduce vein graft failure, and improve outcome of the autologous transplantation of HSV.
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tenn.
authors.forename: Michael J
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Osgood
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tenn.
authors.forename: Kevin
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Sexton
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tenn.
authors.forename: Igor
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Voskresensky
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tenn; Department of Biomedical Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tenn.
authors.forename: Kyle
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Hocking
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tenn.
authors.forename: Jun
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Song
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tenn; Veterans Affairs Tennessee Valley Healthcare System, Nashville, Tenn.
authors.forename: Padmini
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Komalavilas
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tenn; Veterans Affairs Tennessee Valley Healthcare System, Nashville, Tenn.
authors.forename: Colleen
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Brophy
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tenn. Electronic address: joyce.cheung-flynn@vanderbilt.edu.
authors.forename: Joyce
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Cheung-Flynn
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001557:Benzenesulfonates / Q000494:pharmacology*; D002460:Cell Line; D002465:Cell Movement / Q000187:drug effects*; D049109:Cell Proliferation / Q000187:drug effects; D004396:Coloring Agents / Q000494:pharmacology*; D006801:Humans; D006965:Hyperplasia; D007601:Jugular Veins / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology / Q000637:transplantation; D023421:Models, Animal; D009131:Muscle, Smooth, Vascular / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D032389:Myocytes, Smooth Muscle / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D058426:Neointima; D009924:Organ Culture Techniques; D058920:Purinergic P2X Receptor Antagonists / Q000494:pharmacology; D011817:Rabbits; D051381:Rats; D058486:Receptors, Purinergic P2X7 / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D012501:Saphenous Vein / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology / Q000637:transplantation; D015398:Signal Transduction / Q000187:drug effects; D013997:Time Factors; D020858:Tissue and Organ Harvesting / Q000009:adverse effects*
chemical_list: D001557:Benzenesulfonates; D004396:Coloring Agents; C546468:P2RX7 protein, human; D058920:Purinergic P2X Receptor Antagonists; D058486:Receptors, Purinergic P2X7; C006796:brilliant blue