title: Impact of the two different iron fortified cookies on treatment of anemia in preschool children in Brazil.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Nutritional intervention in pre-school children using cookies prepared with wheat flour enriched with iron and folic acid (CWFFeFA) and cookies prepared with cowpea (Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp) flour fortified with iron and zinc and wheat flour enriched with iron and folic acid (CCFFeZn + WFFeFA).
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To assess the impact of the ingestion of CWFFeFA and CCFFeZn + WFFeFA by pre-school children, using the cowpea variety BRS-Xiquexique, to control iron-deficiency anaemia.
  
  
  METHODS
  Nutritional intervention was conducted in municipal day care centres selected at random (n = 262) involving pre-school children aged 2 to 5 years living in Teresina, state of Piauí, Brazil. To assess the socioeconomic data, BMI-for-age, haemoglobin levels before and after intervention, and dietary intake, the children were divided into group 1 (G1), which received CWFFeFA (30 g), and group 2 (G2), which received CCFFeZn + WFFeFA (30 g). Food acceptance was evaluated daily.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The prevalence of anaemia in G1 and G2 before the nutritional intervention was 12.2% (n = 18) and 11.5% (n = 30), respectively. After intervention, the prevalence decreased to 1.4% in G1 (n = 2) and to 4.2% in G2 (n = 11). Food acceptance by pre-school children in G1 and G2 was 97.4% and 94.3%, respectively.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The use of both types of cookie formulations decreased the prevalence of anaemia among pre-school children, and CCFFeZn + WFFeFA yielded the greatest decrease.
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Science and Technology of Maranhão (FACEMA). regilda@ufpi.edu.br.
authors.forename: Liejy Agnes
authors.initials: LA
authors.lastname: Landim
authors.forename: Marcia Luiza Dos Santos Beserra
authors.initials: ML
authors.lastname: Pessoa
authors.forename: Amanda de Castro Amorim Serpa
authors.initials: AC
authors.lastname: Brandão
authors.forename: Marcelo Antonio
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Morgano
authors.forename: Marcos Antônio De Mota Araújo
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Marcos Antônio de Mota Araújo
authors.forename: Maurisrael De Moura
authors.initials: MM
authors.lastname: Rocha
authors.forename: José Alfredo Gomes
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Arêas
authors.forename: Regilda Saraiva Dos Reis
authors.initials: RS
authors.lastname: Moreira-Araújo
mesh_terms: D000740:Anemia / Q000188:drug therapy*; D001938:Brazil; D002675:Child, Preschool; D005260:Female; D005492:Folic Acid / Q000008:administration & dosage; D005526:Food, Formulated; D005527:Food, Fortified; D006454:Hemoglobins / Q000032:analysis; D006801:Humans; D019266:Iron, Dietary / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D008297:Male; D014815:Vitamins / Q000008:administration & dosage
chemical_list: D006454:Hemoglobins; D019266:Iron, Dietary; D014815:Vitamins; D005492:Folic Acid
keywords: Nutritional  intervention.  Anaemia. Pre-school  children. Fortification. Cowpea.