title: Evaluation of practice effect on neuropsychological measures among persons with and without HIV infection in northern India.
abstract: An evaluation of the effects of HIV infection on neurocognition over time is important for understanding disease progression. Changes in cognitive function can be evaluated longitudinally by using neuropsychological testing at repeated intervals. The assessment of change over time, however, is complicated by the potentially confounding influence of learning on repeated test administrations, often referred to as practice effect. In this study, we present data on testing of persons with or without HIV infection on a battery administered at study baseline and repeated 1 year later. Results suggest that practice effects may be diminished in persons with HIV infection compared to without it. This appears to be true even among those with relatively intact immune functioning as measured by CD4 count.
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami,, FL, 33136, USA. ro71@nova.edu.|Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Medicine, Nova Southeastern University, Fort Lauderdale, FL, USA. ro71@nova.edu.
authors.forename: Raymond L
authors.initials: RL
authors.lastname: Ownby
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami,, FL, 33136, USA.|Nell Hodgson Woodruff School of Nursing, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA.
authors.forename: Drenna
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Waldrop-Valverde
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami,, FL, 33136, USA.
authors.forename: Deborah L
authors.initials: DL
authors.lastname: Jones
authors.affiliation: Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, 160012, India.
authors.forename: Sunil
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Sharma
authors.affiliation: Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, 160012, India.
authors.forename: Ritu
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Nehra
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami,, FL, 33136, USA.
authors.forename: Adarsh M
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Kumar
authors.affiliation: Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, 160012, India.
authors.forename: Sudesh
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Prabhakar
authors.affiliation: College of Psychology, Nova Southeastern University, Fort Lauderdale, FL, USA.
authors.forename: Amarilis
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Acevedo
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami,, FL, 33136, USA.
authors.forename: Mahendra
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kumar
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D003071:Cognition / Q000502:physiology; D060825:Cognitive Dysfunction / Q000150:complications / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000523:psychology*; D005260:Female; D015658:HIV Infections / Q000150:complications / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000523:psychology*; D015497:HIV-1; D006801:Humans; D008137:Longitudinal Studies; D008297:Male; D000073219:Memory and Learning Tests; D057567:Memory, Long-Term / Q000502:physiology; D009483:Neuropsychological Tests / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*
keywords: India; Longitudinal assessment; Neurocognitive; Practice effect