title: Smoking and Early COPD as Independent Predictors of Body Composition, Exercise Capacity, and Health Status.
abstract: The effects of tobacco smoke, mild/moderate COPD disease and their combined effect on health status (HS), body composition (BC), and exercise capacity (EC) impairment are still unclear. We hypothesized that smoking and early COPD have a joint negative influence on these outcomes. We evaluated 32 smokers (smoking history >10 pack/years), 32 mild/moderate COPD (current smokers or former smokers), and 32 never smokers. All individuals underwent medical and smoking status evaluations, pre and post-bronchodilator spirometry, BC [fat-free mass (FFM) and FFM index (FFMI)], EC [six-minute walk distance (6MWD)] and HS [Medical Outcomes Study 36-Item Short-Form Health Survey (SF-36)]. FFM (p = 0.02) and FFMI (p = 0.008) were lower in COPD than never smokers. 6MWT, as a percentage of reference values for the Brazilian population, was lower in COPD and smokers than never smokers (p = 0.01). Smokers showed worse SF-36 score for functional capacity than never smokers (p<0.001). SF-36 score for physical functioning (p<0.001) and role-emotional (p<0.001) were impaired in COPD patients than smokers. SF-36 scores for physical functioning (p<0.001), role-physical (p = 0.01), bodily pain (p = 0.01), vitality (p = 0.04) and role-emotional (p<0.001) were lower in COPD than never smokers. Multiple linear regression analysis showed that both COPD diagnosis and smoking were inversely associated with FFMI, 6MWD and HS. Smoking and early COPD have a joint negative influence on body composition, exercise capacity and health status.
authors.affiliation: Department of Internal Medicine, Pneumology Area, Botucatu Medical School, UNESP - Univ Estadual Paulista, Botucatu, São Paulo, Brazil.
authors.forename: Laura Miranda de Oliveira
authors.initials: LM
authors.lastname: Caram
authors.affiliation: Department of Internal Medicine, Pneumology Area, Botucatu Medical School, UNESP - Univ Estadual Paulista, Botucatu, São Paulo, Brazil.
authors.forename: Renata
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Ferrari
authors.affiliation: Department of Internal Medicine, Pneumology Area, Botucatu Medical School, UNESP - Univ Estadual Paulista, Botucatu, São Paulo, Brazil.
authors.forename: André Luís
authors.initials: AL
authors.lastname: Bertani
authors.affiliation: Department of Internal Medicine, Pneumology Area, Botucatu Medical School, UNESP - Univ Estadual Paulista, Botucatu, São Paulo, Brazil.
authors.forename: Thaís
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Garcia
authors.affiliation: Department of Internal Medicine, Pneumology Area, Botucatu Medical School, UNESP - Univ Estadual Paulista, Botucatu, São Paulo, Brazil.
authors.forename: Carolina Bonfanti
authors.initials: CB
authors.lastname: Mesquita
authors.affiliation: Department of Internal Medicine, Pneumology Area, Botucatu Medical School, UNESP - Univ Estadual Paulista, Botucatu, São Paulo, Brazil.
authors.forename: Caroline
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Knaut
authors.affiliation: Department of Internal Medicine, Pneumology Area, Botucatu Medical School, UNESP - Univ Estadual Paulista, Botucatu, São Paulo, Brazil.
authors.forename: Suzana Erico
authors.initials: SE
authors.lastname: Tanni
authors.affiliation: Department of Internal Medicine, Pneumology Area, Botucatu Medical School, UNESP - Univ Estadual Paulista, Botucatu, São Paulo, Brazil.
authors.forename: Irma
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Godoy
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D001823:Body Composition; D017079:Exercise Tolerance; D005260:Female; D006304:Health Status; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D029424:Pulmonary Disease, Chronic Obstructive / Q000503:physiopathology*; D012044:Regression Analysis; D012907:Smoking / Q000503:physiopathology*; D013147:Spirometry; D000070857:Walk Test / Q000379:methods*