title: Photosynthetic responses of a dominant C4grass to an experimental heat wave are mediated by soil moisture.
abstract: Extreme heat waves and drought are predicted to increase in frequency and magnitude with climate change. These extreme events often co-occur, making it difficult to separate their direct and indirect effects on important ecophysiological and carbon cycling processes such as photosynthesis. Here, we assessed the independent and interactive effects of experimental heat waves and drought on photosynthesis in Andropogon gerardii, a dominant C4grass in a native mesic grassland. We experimentally imposed a two-week heat wave at four intensity levels under two contrasting soil moisture regimes: a well-watered control and an extreme drought. There were three main findings from this study. First, the soil moisture regimes had large effects on canopy temperature, leading to extremely high temperatures under drought and low temperatures under well-watered conditions. Second, soil moisture mediated the photosynthetic response to heat; heat reduced photosynthesis under the well-watered control, but not under the extreme drought treatment. Third, the effects of heat on photosynthesis appeared to be driven by a direct thermal effect, not indirectly through other environmental or ecophysiological variables. These results suggest that while photosynthesis in this dominant C4grass is sensitive to heat stress, this sensitivity can be overwhelmed by extreme drought stress.
authors.affiliation: Graduate Degree Program in Ecology and Department of Biology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, 80526, USA. David.Hoover@colostate.edu.
authors.forename: D L
authors.initials: DL
authors.lastname: Hoover
authors.affiliation: Graduate Degree Program in Ecology and Department of Biology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, 80526, USA.
authors.forename: A K
authors.initials: AK
authors.lastname: Knapp
authors.affiliation: Graduate Degree Program in Ecology and Department of Biology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, 80526, USA.
authors.forename: M D
authors.initials: MD
authors.lastname: Smith
mesh_terms: D057231:Climate Change; D055864:Droughts; D006358:Hot Temperature; D010788:Photosynthesis; D006109:Poaceae; D012987:Soil; D014867:Water
chemical_list: D012987:Soil; D014867:Water
keywords: Canopy temperature; Climate extremes; Drought; Ecophysiology; Tallgrass prairie