title: Double positivity of the IgG isotype of both anticardiolipin and anti-β2gpI antibodies is associated with the highest number of vascular impairment parameters in patients with primary antiphospholipid syndrome: preliminary data.
abstract: Although numerous studies investigated the association between homocysteine (Hcy), tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α), C-reactive protein (CRP) and apolipoproteins (apos) with thrombosis and/or recurrent pregnancy losses, studies that analyzed the abovementioned parameters and multiple positivity of antiphospholipid antibodies (aPL Abs) in patients with primary antiphospholipid syndrome (PAPS) are lacking. Therefore, the aim of this study was to analyze the presence of various combinations of the abovementioned parameters and their associations with clinical and/or serological features of PAPS. High-pressure liquid chromatography (HPLC) was used for determination of Hcy, while apoAI, apoB, and lipoprotein (Lp) (a) concentrations were estimated by immunonephelometry. High-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hsCRP) was measured by immunoturbidimetry. Apo (a), TNF-α, and aPL Abs were measured by ELISA. Various combinations of analyzed parameters (Hcy/CRP/TNF/apoAI/apoB/apo (a)/Lp (a)) were not associated with a single presence of either aPL Abs. Double positivity for both isotypes of anticardiolipin (aCL) Abs (IgG + IgM) was associated with the increased apoB levels. The presence of the IgG isotype of both aCL + anti-beta2 glycoprotein I (aβ2gpI) Abs was associated with the highest number of analyzed parameters (i.e., increased levels of hsCRP, Lp (a), and apo (a)). The presence of the IgG isotype of both aCL + aβ2gpI Abs was associated with the highest number of vascular impairment parameters in patients with PAPS, and this combination confers the highest risk for the recurrence of thrombotic episodes. This is the first report that analyzed the association between various combinations of vascular impairment parameters with multiple aPL Ab positivity. Our results provide a rationale for further investigations of therapeutic approaches for PAPS patients.
authors.affiliation: Medical Faculty, Department of Pharmacy, University of Novi Sad, Hajduk Veljkova 3, Novi Sad, 21000, Serbia. bmmb4832@gmail.com.|Clinical Center of Serbia, Belgrade, Serbia. bmmb4832@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Mirjana
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Bećarević
authors.affiliation: Clinical Center of Serbia, Belgrade, Serbia.|Pharmaceutical Faculty, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia.
authors.forename: Duško
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Mirković
authors.affiliation: Clinical Center of Serbia, Belgrade, Serbia.|Pharmaceutical Faculty, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia.
authors.forename: Svetlana
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Ignjatović
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D017153:Antibodies, Anticardiolipin / Q000737:chemistry*; D016736:Antiphospholipid Syndrome / Q000097:blood / Q000276:immunology*; D001053:Apolipoproteins / Q000737:chemistry; D002097:C-Reactive Protein / Q000737:chemistry; D005260:Female; D006710:Homocysteine / Q000737:chemistry; D006801:Humans; D007074:Immunoglobulin G / Q000737:chemistry*; D007075:Immunoglobulin M / Q000737:chemistry; D016682:Lupus Coagulation Inhibitor / Q000276:immunology; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009391:Nephelometry and Turbidimetry; D012008:Recurrence; D012044:Regression Analysis; D013927:Thrombosis / Q000276:immunology; D053482:beta 2-Glycoprotein I / Q000737:chemistry*
chemical_list: D017153:Antibodies, Anticardiolipin; D001053:Apolipoproteins; D007074:Immunoglobulin G; D007075:Immunoglobulin M; D016682:Lupus Coagulation Inhibitor; D053482:beta 2-Glycoprotein I; D006710:Homocysteine; D002097:C-Reactive Protein
keywords: Apolipoproteins; High-sensitivity C-reactive protein; Homocysteine; Primary antiphospholipid syndrome; Tumor necrosis factor alpha