title: Modulation of the exfoliated graphene work function through cycloaddition of nitrile imines.
abstract: After the feasibility of the 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition reaction between nitrile imines and exfoliated graphene by density functional theory calculations was proved, very few-layer graphene was effectively functionalized using this procedure. Hydrazones with different electronic properties were used as precursors for the 1,3-dipoles, and microwave irradiation as an energy source enabled the reaction to be performed in a few minutes. The anchoring of organic addends on the graphene surface was confirmed by Raman spectroscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and thermogravimetric analysis. Ultraviolet photoelectron spectroscopy (UPS) was used to measure the work function and band gap of these new hybrids. Our results demonstrate that it is possible to modulate these important electronic valence band parameters by tailoring the electron richness of the organic addends and/or the degree of functionalization.
authors.affiliation: Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, Instituto de Nanociencia, Nanotecnología y Materiales Moleculares (INAMOL), 45071, Toledo, Spain. Fernando.Langa@uclm.es.
authors.forename: Myriam
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Barrejón
authors.affiliation: Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, Instituto de Nanociencia, Nanotecnología y Materiales Moleculares (INAMOL), 45071, Toledo, Spain. Fernando.Langa@uclm.es.
authors.forename: María J
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Gómez-Escalonilla
authors.affiliation: Instituto de Catálisis y Petroleoquímica, CSIC, Cantoblanco, 28049, Madrid, Spain.
authors.forename: José Luis G
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: Fierro
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Química Orgánica, Inorgánica y Bioquímica, Facultad de Ciencias y Tecnologías Químicas, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, Campus Universitario, 13071 Ciudad Real, Spain.
authors.forename: Pilar
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Prieto
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Química Orgánica, Inorgánica y Bioquímica, Facultad de Ciencias y Tecnologías Químicas, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, Campus Universitario, 13071 Ciudad Real, Spain.
authors.forename: José R
authors.initials: JR
authors.lastname: Carrillo
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Química Orgánica, Inorgánica y Bioquímica, Facultad de Ciencias y Tecnologías Químicas, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, Campus Universitario, 13071 Ciudad Real, Spain and Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, Università degli Studi di Napoli Federico II, Via Cintia, 80126, Naples, Italy.
authors.forename: Antonio M
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Rodríguez
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy and Institute of Advanced Materials and Processes (ZMP), Friedrich Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg, Henkestrasse, 42, 91054 Erlangen and Dr.-Mack Strasse 81, 90762 Fürth, Germany.
authors.forename: Gonzalo
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Abellán
authors.affiliation: Unidad de Nanotecnología - The Nanotech Unit Dpto. Ingeniería Química, Lab. Materiales & Superficies, Universidad de Málaga, 29071 Málaga, Spain.
authors.forename: Ma Cruz
authors.initials: MC
authors.lastname: López-Escalante
authors.affiliation: Unidad de Nanotecnología - The Nanotech Unit Dpto. Física Aplicada I, Lab. Materiales & Superficies, Universidad de Málaga, 29071 Málaga, Spain.
authors.forename: Mercedes
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Gabás
authors.affiliation: Department of Physical Chemistry, University of Málaga, Campus de Teatinos s/n, 29071, Málaga, Spain.
authors.forename: Juan T
authors.initials: JT
authors.lastname: López-Navarrete
authors.affiliation: Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, Instituto de Nanociencia, Nanotecnología y Materiales Moleculares (INAMOL), 45071, Toledo, Spain. Fernando.Langa@uclm.es.
authors.forename: Fernando
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Langa