title: Exercise Therapy for Management of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: Superior Efficacy of Activity Monitors over Pedometers.
abstract: We compared the efficacy of activity monitor (which displays exercise intensity and number of steps) versus that of pedometer in exercise therapy for patients with type 2 diabetes. The study subjects were divided into the activity monitor group (n= 92) and pedometer group (n= 95). The primary goal was improvement in hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c). The exercise target was set at 8,000 steps/day and 20 minutes of moderate-intensity exercise (≥3.5 metabolic equivalents). The activity monitor is equipped with a triple-axis accelerometer sensor capable of measuring medium-intensity walking duration, number of steps, walking distance, calorie consumption, and total calorie consumption. The pedometer counts the number of steps. Blood samples for laboratory tests were obtained during the visits. The first examination was conducted at the start of the study and repeated at 2 and 6 months. A significant difference in the decrease in HbA1c level was observed between the two groups at 2 months. The results suggest that the use of activity level monitor that displays information on exercise intensity, in addition to the number of steps, is useful in exercise therapy as it enhances the concept of exercise therapy and promotes lowering of HbA1c in diabetic patients.
authors.affiliation: Division of Nephrology, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Tokai University School of Medicine, Kanagawa, Japan.
authors.forename: Masaaki
authors.identifier: 0000-0003-4838-5344
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Miyauchi
authors.affiliation: Division of Nephrology, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Tokai University School of Medicine, Kanagawa, Japan.
authors.forename: Masao
authors.identifier: 0000-0003-4142-1218
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Toyoda
authors.affiliation: Division of Nephrology, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Tokai University School of Medicine, Kanagawa, Japan.
authors.forename: Noriko
authors.identifier: 0000-0003-0998-8652
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Kaneyama
authors.affiliation: Division of Nephrology, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Tokai University School of Medicine, Kanagawa, Japan.
authors.forename: Han
authors.identifier: 0000-0002-5602-4111
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Miyatake
authors.affiliation: Division of Nephrology, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Tokai University School of Medicine, Kanagawa, Japan.
authors.forename: Eitaro
authors.identifier: 0000-0001-7537-0688
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Tanaka
authors.affiliation: Division of Nephrology, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Tokai University School of Medicine, Kanagawa, Japan.
authors.forename: Moritsugu
authors.identifier: 0000-0001-8789-6425
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kimura
authors.affiliation: Division of Nephrology, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Tokai University School of Medicine, Kanagawa, Japan.
authors.forename: Tomoya
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Umezono
authors.affiliation: Division of Nephrology, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Tokai University School of Medicine, Kanagawa, Japan.
authors.forename: Masafumi
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Fukagawa
mesh_terms: D061725:Accelerometry / Q000295:instrumentation; D000368:Aged; D003924:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / Q000378:metabolism / Q000628:therapy*; D005081:Exercise Therapy / Q000295:instrumentation* / Q000379:methods; D005260:Female; D000072936:Fitness Trackers; D006442:Glycated Hemoglobin / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D006442:Glycated Hemoglobin; C517652:hemoglobin A1c protein, human