title: Aspergillus and aflatoxin in groundnut (Arachis hypogaea L.) and groundnut cake in Eastern Ethiopia.
abstract: This study was conducted to assess major Aspergillus species and aflatoxins associated with groundnut seeds and cake in Eastern Ethiopia and evaluate growers' management practices. A total of 160 groundnut seed samples from farmers' stores and 50 groundnut cake samples from cafe and restaurants were collected. Fungal isolation was done from groundnut seed samples. Aspergillus flavus was the dominant species followed by Aspergillus parasiticus. Aflatoxin analyses of groundnut seed samples were performed using ultra performance liquid chromatography; 22.5% and 41.3% of samples were positive, with total aflatoxin concentrations of 786 and 3135 ng g-1from 2013/2014 and 2014/2015 samples, respectively. The level of specific aflatoxin concentration varied between 0.1 and 2526 ng g-1for B2and B1, respectively. Among contaminated samples of groundnut cake, 68% exhibited aflatoxin concentration below 20 ng g-1, while as high as 158 ng g-1aflatoxin B1was recorded. The study confirms high contamination of groundnut products in East Ethiopia.
authors.affiliation: a College of Agriculture and Environmental Sciences , Haramaya University , Dire Dawa , Ethiopia.
authors.forename: Abdi
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Mohammed
authors.affiliation: b College of Agriculture , Hawassa University , Hawassa , Ethiopia.
authors.forename: Alemayehu
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Chala
authors.affiliation: a College of Agriculture and Environmental Sciences , Haramaya University , Dire Dawa , Ethiopia.
authors.forename: Mashilla
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Dejene
authors.affiliation: a College of Agriculture and Environmental Sciences , Haramaya University , Dire Dawa , Ethiopia.
authors.forename: Chemeda
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Fininsa
authors.affiliation: c College of Agriculture and Environmental Sciences, Peanut and Mycotoxin Innovation Lab , University of Georgia , Athens , GA , USA.
authors.forename: David A
authors.initials: DA
authors.lastname: Hoisington
authors.affiliation: d United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Services , National Peanut Research Laboratory , Dawson , GA , USA.
authors.forename: Victor S
authors.initials: VS
authors.lastname: Sobolev
authors.affiliation: d United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Services , National Peanut Research Laboratory , Dawson , GA , USA.
authors.forename: Renee S
authors.initials: RS
authors.lastname: Arias
mesh_terms: D016604:Aflatoxin B1 / Q000032:analysis / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000633:toxicity; D000348:Aflatoxins / Q000032:analysis* / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000633:toxicity; D000383:Agriculture / Q000379:methods; D010367:Arachis / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000737:chemistry / Q000254:growth & development / Q000382:microbiology*; D001230:Aspergillus / Q000254:growth & development / Q000302:isolation & purification* / Q000378:metabolism; D001231:Aspergillus flavus / Q000254:growth & development / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000378:metabolism; D002851:Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; D003296:Cooking; D018556:Crops, Agricultural / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000737:chemistry / Q000254:growth & development / Q000382:microbiology*; D004032:Diet / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000208:ethnology; D005002:Ethiopia; D057140:Fast Foods / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000032:analysis / Q000191:economics / Q000382:microbiology; D005506:Food Contamination; D005513:Food Inspection; D061353:Food Storage; D006801:Humans; D012147:Restaurants; D012639:Seeds / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000737:chemistry / Q000254:growth & development / Q000382:microbiology*; D062211:Spatio-Temporal Analysis
chemical_list: D000348:Aflatoxins; C029753:aflatoxin B2; D016604:Aflatoxin B1
keywords: Aflatoxins; Aspergillus; Ethiopia; groundnut; groundnut cake