title: Phenotypic Resistance to Disinfectants and Antibiotics in Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus Strains Isolated from Pigs.
abstract: The aim of this research was to study the phenotypic resistances to disinfectants and antibiotics in strains of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) obtained from Canary black pigs. Analyses were performed on 54 strains of MRSA, isolated in Canary black pigs from the province of Tenerife (Spain); all of them carried the mecA gene. The strains were isolated by means of nasal swab samples of healthy pigs, collected under veterinarian supervision. Bactericidal activity of antiseptics and disinfectants was tested by means of the dilution-neutralization method. Susceptibility to the disinfectants glutaraldehyde, peracetic acid and silver nitrate was assessed, as well as to the antiseptics chlorhexidine, benzalkonium chloride and povidone iodine. Susceptibility to a wide array of antibiotics representing the main groups was determined by means of the disc diffusion method. All the strains demonstrated susceptibility to the disinfectants tested at the recommended concentration, and even to dilutions equal to or lesser than 1/16. The most effective antiseptic and disinfectant were, respectively, chlorhexidine and silver nitrate. With regard to the antibiotics, the strains proved to be multiresistant. All presented phenotypic resistance to the β-lactam antibiotics ampicillin, penicillin and cefoxitin, as well as to numerous aminoglycosides, tetracycline and trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole. It was also observed that 61.1% of the strains were carriers of plasmids. Our results underline that in the strains such as MRSA, which show multiple resistances to antibiotics, the antiseptics and disinfectants show great efficacy. Moreover, as other authors also suggest, for the treatment and prevention of infections caused by MRSA, the use of β-lactam and aminoglycoside antibiotics may be less effective.
authors.affiliation: Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, University of Granada, Granada, Spain.
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Espigares
authors.affiliation: Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, University of Granada, Granada, Spain.
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Moreno Roldan
authors.affiliation: Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, University of Granada, Granada, Spain.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Espigares
authors.affiliation: Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, University of La Laguna, Canary Islands, Spain.
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Abreu
authors.affiliation: University Hospital of Canary Islands, Tenerife Canary Islands, Spain.
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Castro
authors.affiliation: Laboratoire de Gestion de la Santé et Productions Animales-Institut des Sciences Vétérinaire El Khroub, Université des Frères Mentouri, Constantine, Algeria.
authors.forename: A L
authors.initials: AL
authors.lastname: Dib
authors.affiliation: Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, University of La Laguna, Canary Islands, Spain.
authors.forename: Á
authors.initials: Á
authors.lastname: Arias
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents / Q000494:pharmacology*; D004202:Disinfectants / Q000494:pharmacology*; D055624:Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus / Q000145:classification / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000302:isolation & purification; D010641:Phenotype; D013030:Spain / Q000453:epidemiology; D013203:Staphylococcal Infections / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000382:microbiology / Q000662:veterinary*; D013552:Swine; D013553:Swine Diseases / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000382:microbiology*
chemical_list: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents; D004202:Disinfectants
keywords: 
  MRSA
  ; antibiotics; disinfectants; phenotypic resistance