title: Factor structure of the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale in a population-based sample.
abstract: To demonstrate validity, questionnaires should measure the same construct in different groups and across time. The Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale (EPDS) was designed as a unidimensional scale, but factor analyses of the EPDS have been equivocal, and demonstrate other structures: this may be because of sample characteristics and timing of administration. We aimed to examine the factor structure of the EPDS in pregnancy and postpartum at 4 time-points in a large population-based sample. We carried out exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis on the Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children sample (n = 11,195-12,166) randomly split in 2. We used data from 18 and 32 weeks pregnancy gestation; and 8 weeks and 8 months postpartum. A 3-factor solution was optimal at all time-points, showing the clearest factor structure and best model fit: Depression (4 items) accounted for 43.5-47.2% of the variance; anhedonia (2 items) 10.5-11.1%; and anxiety (3 items) 8.3-9.4% of the variance. Internal reliability of subscales was good at all time points (Cronbach's αs: .73-.78). The EPDS appears to measure 3 related factors of depression, anhedonia, and anxiety and has a stable structure in pregnancy and the first postnatal year. (PsycINFO Database Record
authors.affiliation: School of Psychology, University of Sussex.
authors.forename: Rose
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Coates
authors.affiliation: Centre for Maternal and Child Health, City University London.
authors.forename: Susan
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Ayers
authors.affiliation: School of Psychology, University of Sussex.
authors.forename: Richard
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: de Visser
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D059445:Anhedonia; D001008:Anxiety Disorders / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000523:psychology; D019052:Depression, Postpartum / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000523:psychology*; D005163:Factor Analysis, Statistical; D005260:Female; D005865:Gestational Age; D006801:Humans; D008137:Longitudinal Studies; D015233:Models, Statistical; D011247:Pregnancy; D011569:Psychiatric Status Rating Scales / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D011594:Psychometrics / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*