title: Cytokine profiles in patients with toxoplasmic lymphadenitis in the setting of pregnancy.
abstract: Majority of Toxoplasma gondii infections are benign and asymptomatic; however, some patients experience toxoplasmic lymphadenitis (TL). Factors associated as to whether infection will be symptomatic or not are unknown.
  
  
  
  Dye test titers of patients with acute toxoplasmosis (pregnant and not pregnant) with TL (TL+) were compared with those in patients with asymptomatic acute infection (TL-). Additionally, mean levels of 62 serum cytokines were compared between TL+ and TL- pregnant women and between TL+ pregnant and non-pregnant women.
  
  
  
  During acute infection, mean dye test titer was higher in TL+ than in TL- patients (p=0.021). In addition, out of 62 cytokines, CXCL9andCXCL10 levels were higher (p<0.05) and resistin mean levels were lower (p<0.05) in pregnant women with TL+ compared to TL-. Among patients with TL+, levels of VCAM1andCCL2 were lower (p<0.05) in pregnant women than in non-pregnant women.
  
  
  
  Here we report differences in dye test titers in patients with acute infection. Cytokine responses vary according to the presence of TL+ and to the pregnancy status. Factors underlying these differences are presently unknown and require further studies to define individual and combined roles of cytokines in TL+.
authors.affiliation: Palo Alto Medical Foundation Toxoplasma Serology Laboratory, Palo Alto, CA, USA; Division of Infectious Diseases, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA; INSERM, U1065, Centre Méditerranéen de Médecine Moléculaire, C3M, Toxines Microbiennes dans la Relation Hôte Pathogènes - Université de Nice Sophia Antipolis d, Faculté de Médecine, 06204 Nice Cedex 3, France; Parasitologie-Mycologie, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire l'Archet e, CS 23079, 06202 Nice Cedex 3, France. Electronic address: pomares.c@chu-nice.fr.
authors.forename: Christelle
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Pomares
authors.affiliation: Stanford University Human Immune Monitoring Centre, Institute for Immunity, Transplantation and Infection, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA.
authors.forename: Tyson H
authors.initials: TH
authors.lastname: Holmes
authors.affiliation: ESCP Europe, 75543 Paris Cedex 11, France.
authors.forename: Remy
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Estran
authors.affiliation: Palo Alto Medical Foundation Toxoplasma Serology Laboratory, Palo Alto, CA, USA.
authors.forename: Cynthia J
authors.initials: CJ
authors.lastname: Press
authors.affiliation: Palo Alto Medical Foundation Toxoplasma Serology Laboratory, Palo Alto, CA, USA.
authors.forename: Raymund
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Ramirez
authors.affiliation: Palo Alto Medical Foundation Toxoplasma Serology Laboratory, Palo Alto, CA, USA.
authors.forename: Jeanne
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Talucod
authors.affiliation: Department of Immunology, Fairchild Science Building, D033, 299 Campus Drive, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305-5124, USA.
authors.forename: Holden
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Maecker
authors.affiliation: Department of Immunology, Fairchild Science Building, D033, 299 Campus Drive, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305-5124, USA.
authors.forename: Yael
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Rosenberg-Hasson
authors.affiliation: Palo Alto Medical Foundation Toxoplasma Serology Laboratory, Palo Alto, CA, USA; Division of Infectious Diseases, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA.
authors.forename: Jose G
authors.initials: JG
authors.lastname: Montoya
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D016207:Cytokines / Q000097:blood*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008199:Lymphadenitis / Q000097:blood* / Q000469:parasitology; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011247:Pregnancy; D015597:Pregnancy Complications, Parasitic / Q000097:blood*; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D014122:Toxoplasma; D014123:Toxoplasmosis / Q000097:blood*
chemical_list: D016207:Cytokines
keywords: Acute infection; Cytokine; Pregnancy; Serology; Toxoplasmic lymphadenitis