title: Vizantin inhibits bacterial adhesion without affecting bacterial growth and causes Streptococcus mutans biofilm to detach by altering its internal architecture.
abstract: An ideal antibiofilm strategy is to control both in the quality and quantity of biofilm while maintaining the benefits derived from resident microflora. Vizantin, a recently developed immunostimulating compound, has also been found to have antibiofilm property. This study evaluated the influence on biofilm formation of Streptococcus mutans in the presence of sulfated vizantin and biofilm development following bacterial adhesion on a hydroxyapatite disc coated with sulfated vizantin. Supplementation with sulfated vizantin up to 50 μM did not affect either bacterial growth or biofilm formation, whereas 50 μM sulfated vizantin caused the biofilm to readily detach from the surface. Sulfated vizantin at the concentration of 50 μM upregulated the expression of the gtfB and gtfC genes, but downregulated the expression of the gtfD gene, suggesting altered architecture in the biofilm. Biofilm development on the surface coated with sulfated vizantin was inhibited depending on the concentration, suggesting prevention from bacterial adhesion. Among eight genes related to bacterial adherence in S. mutans, expression of gtfB and gtfC was significantly upregulated, whereas the expression of gtfD, GbpA and GbpC was downregulated according to the concentration of vizantin, especially with 50 μM vizantin by 0.8-, 0.4-, and 0.4-fold, respectively. These findings suggest that sulfated vizantin may cause structural degradation as a result of changing gene regulation related to bacterial adhesion and glucan production of S. mutans.
authors.affiliation: Division of Cariology, Operative Dentistry and Endodontics, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, 2-5274, Gakkocho-dori, Chuo-ku, Niigata, 951-8514, Japan. Electronic address: takenaka@dent.niigata-u.ac.jp.
authors.forename: Shoji
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Takenaka
authors.affiliation: Division of Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, 2-5274, Gakkocho-dori, Chuo-ku, Niigata, 951-8514, Japan.
authors.forename: Masataka
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Oda
authors.affiliation: Division of Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, 2-5274, Gakkocho-dori, Chuo-ku, Niigata, 951-8514, Japan.
authors.forename: Hisanori
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Domon
authors.affiliation: Division of Cariology, Operative Dentistry and Endodontics, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, 2-5274, Gakkocho-dori, Chuo-ku, Niigata, 951-8514, Japan.
authors.forename: Tatsuya
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Ohsumi
authors.affiliation: Division of Cariology, Operative Dentistry and Endodontics, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, 2-5274, Gakkocho-dori, Chuo-ku, Niigata, 951-8514, Japan.
authors.forename: Yuki
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Suzuki
authors.affiliation: Division of Anatomy and Cell Biology of Hard Tissue, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, 2-5274, Gakkocho-dori, Chuo-ku, Niigata, 951-8514, Japan.
authors.forename: Hayato
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Ohshima
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry and Functional Molecule, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tokushima Bunri University, Yamashiro-cho, Tokushima, 770-8514, Japan.
authors.forename: Hirofumi
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Yamamoto
authors.affiliation: Division of Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, 2-5274, Gakkocho-dori, Chuo-ku, Niigata, 951-8514, Japan.
authors.forename: Yutaka
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Terao
authors.affiliation: Division of Cariology, Operative Dentistry and Endodontics, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, 2-5274, Gakkocho-dori, Chuo-ku, Niigata, 951-8514, Japan.
authors.forename: Yuichiro
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Noiri
mesh_terms: D001422:Bacterial Adhesion / Q000187:drug effects*; D018441:Biofilms / Q000187:drug effects*; D015964:Gene Expression Regulation, Bacterial / Q000187:drug effects; D006017:Glycolipids / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology*; D013295:Streptococcus mutans / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000254:growth & development / Q000502:physiology; D013431:Sulfates / Q000737:chemistry; D014199:Trehalose / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology
chemical_list: C579729:6,6'-bis-O-(3-nonyldodecanoyl)-alpha,alpha'-trehalose; D006017:Glycolipids; D013431:Sulfates; D014199:Trehalose
keywords: Biofilm; Detachement; RT-PCR; Streptococcus mutans; Vizantin