title: Comparison of a web-based food record tool and a food-frequency questionnaire and objective validation using the doubly labelled water technique in a Swedish middle-aged population.
abstract: Two web-based dietary assessment tools have been developed for use in large-scale studies: the Riksmaten method (4-d food record) and MiniMeal-Q (food-frequency method). The aim of the present study was to examine the ability of these methods to capture energy intake against objectively measured total energy expenditure (TEE) with the doubly labelled water technique (TEEDLW), and to compare reported energy and macronutrient intake. This study was conducted within the pilot study of the Swedish CArdioPulmonary bioImage Study (SCAPIS), which included 1111 randomly selected men and women aged 50-64 years from the Gothenburg general population. Of these, 200 were enrolled in the SCAPIS diet substudy. TEEDLWwas measured in a subsample (n40). Compared with TEEDLW, both methods underestimated energy intake: -2·5 (sd  2·9) MJ with the Riksmaten method; -2·3 (sd 3·6) MJ with MiniMeal-Q. Mean reporting accuracy was 80 and 82 %, respectively. The correlation between reported energy intake and TEEDLWwasr0·4 for the Riksmaten method (P< 0·05) andr0·28 (non-significant) for MiniMeal-Q. Women reported similar average intake of energy and macronutrients in both methods whereas men reported higher intakes with the Riksmaten method. Energy-adjusted correlations ranged from 0·14 (polyunsaturated fat) to 0·77 (alcohol). Bland-Altman plots showed acceptable agreement for energy and energy-adjusted protein and carbohydrate intake, whereas the agreement for fat intake was poorer. According to energy intake data, both methods displayed similar precision on energy intake reporting. However, MiniMeal-Q was less successful in ranking individuals than the Riksmaten method. The development of methods to achieve limited under-reporting is a major challenge for future research.
authors.affiliation: Department of Internal Medicine and Clinical Nutrition , Institute of Medicine , Sahlgrenska Academy , University of Gothenburg , Gothenburg , Sweden.
authors.forename: Sanna
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Nybacka
authors.affiliation: Department of Internal Medicine and Clinical Nutrition , Institute of Medicine , Sahlgrenska Academy , University of Gothenburg , Gothenburg , Sweden.
authors.forename: Heléne
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Bertéus Forslund
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical Sciences in Malmö , Research Group in Nutritional Epidemiology , Lund University , Lund , Sweden.
authors.forename: Elisabet
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Wirfält
authors.affiliation: Department of Endocrinology, Diabetology and Metabolism , Sahlgrenska University Hospital , Gothenburg , Sweden.
authors.forename: Ingrid
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Larsson
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical Sciences in Malmö , Diabetes and Cardiovascular Disease , Genetic Epidemiology , Lund University , Lund , Sweden.
authors.forename: Ulrika
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: Ericson
authors.affiliation: National Food Agency , Uppsala , Sweden.
authors.forename: Eva
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Warensjö Lemming
authors.affiliation: Wallenberg Laboratory , Sahlgrenska Centre for Cardiovascular and Metabolic Research , Sahlgrenska University Hospital , Gothenburg , Sweden.
authors.forename: Göran
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Bergström
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical Sciences in Malmö , Cardiovascular Research Group , Lund University , Lund , Sweden.
authors.forename: Bo
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Hedblad
authors.affiliation: Department of Internal Medicine and Clinical Nutrition , Institute of Medicine , Sahlgrenska Academy , University of Gothenburg , Gothenburg , Sweden.
authors.forename: Anna
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Winkvist
authors.affiliation: National Food Agency , Uppsala , Sweden.
authors.forename: Anna Karin
authors.initials: AK
authors.lastname: Lindroos
keywords: DLW, doubly labelled water; Diet assessment; Doubly labelled water; EI, energy intake; FFQ; Food records; Nutrition epidemiology; SCAPIS, Swedish CArdioPulmonary bioImage Study; TEE, total energy expenditure; TEEDLW, total energy expenditure measured with the doubly labelled water technique; Validation; Web-based methods