title: Long-Time Choledochal Clamping in Wistar Rats Causes Biliary Obstruction Progressing to Hepatic Fibrosis.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Biliary complications are important causes of morbidity and mortality in patients undergoing hepatic surgery. The aim of the study was to evaluate late liver alterations after a long period of choledochal clamping in Wistar rats.
  
  
  METHODS
  Ten male Wistar rats, weighing 304 grams, anesthetized with sodium thiopental (25 mg/kg) and xylazine (10 mg/kg) intravenously, were distributed into 2 groups: the choledochal clamping group (CCG) and the operation sham group (OSG), with 5 animals each submitted to an abdominal incision. In the CCG, the choledochal was isolated, dissected, and clamped with a microvascular clamp for 40 minutes. After this occlusion time, the clamp was removed and the incision was closed. In the OSG the animals, under normal conditions, were submitted only to anesthesia and laparotomy for choledochal manipulation. In all animals, after the 31st day, a hepatic biopsy was carried out for histology and blood biochemical tests: total bilirubin, alkaline phosphatase, aspartate aminotransferase, alanine aminotransferase, and gamma-glutamyl transferase. The animals were euthanized under anesthesia. This research was approved by the Ethics Committee on Animal Use (CEUA, Unicamp, No. 2511-1).
  
  
  RESULTS
  In the CCG, 100% of the animals showed bile duct dilatation, ductular proliferation, and portal inflammatory infiltrate; 60% showed regenerative nodule formation; and 80% had porta-porta septa and foci of necrosis, all of which were not found in the OSG. All CCG group biochemical tests had significant increases (P < .05) compared with OSG.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Long-time choledochal clamping in Wistar rats caused hepatic dysfunction and biochemical and histological injuries with degrees of distortion to the hepatic architecture.
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medical Sciences at the State University of Campinas, and Experimental Laboratory Liver Transplantation, NMCE/FCM/State University of Campinas, San Paulo, Brazil.
authors.forename: G D L
authors.initials: GD
authors.lastname: Jorge
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Medical Sciences at the State University of Campinas, San Paulo, Brazil.
authors.forename: R R
authors.initials: RR
authors.lastname: Tártaro
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathology, FCM/State University of Campinas San Paulo, Brazil.
authors.forename: C A F
authors.initials: CA
authors.lastname: Escanhoela
authors.affiliation: Unit of Liver Transplantation, Faculty of Medical Sciences at the State University of Campinas, San Paulo, Brazil. Electronic address: ilkaboin@gmail.com.
authors.forename: I D F S F
authors.initials: ID
authors.lastname: Boin
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001652:Bile Ducts / Q000473:pathology* / Q000601:surgery*; D001663:Bilirubin; D002779:Cholestasis / Q000150:complications*; D003250:Constriction; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D008103:Liver Cirrhosis / Q000209:etiology*; D008111:Liver Function Tests; D008297:Male; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar
chemical_list: D001663:Bilirubin