title: Comparison of combined antioxidants and thymoquinone in the prevention of testis ischemia - reperfusion injury.
abstract: We aimed to compare the preventive effects of combined antioxidants (CA1, 2) with a single antioxidant drug (thymoquinone; TQ) on experimental testis Ischemia/Reperfusion (I/R) injury. Thirty-five adult male Wistar rats were divided into five groups of seven rats each: control, testis I/R, testis I/R + CA1, testis I/R + CA2, and testis I/R + TQ. After 1 h of testicular ischemia, reperfusion was achieved by detorsion for 4 h. Antioxidants were intraperitoneally administered for 30 min prior to reperfusion. All rats were sacrificed 4 h after reperfusion to evaluate the tissue levels of malondialdehyde (MDA) and total antioxidant status (TAS) and the immunohistochemical evaluation of tissue inducible and endothelial nitric acid synthase (iNOS, eNOS) and apoptosis protease-activating factor 1 (APAF-1). MDA levels were lower and TAS values were higher in the I/R + antioxidant groups than in the I/R group (p < 0.05). iNOS and eNOS levels in the I/R + antioxidant groups were also lower than those in the I/R group (p < 0.05). There were no significant differences between the CA groups and the TQ group according to aforementioned parameters. In addition, tissue APAF-1 values were significantly higher in the I/R group than in the other groups. However, there was a significant difference between the TQ and CA groups in APAF-1 levels, which were highest in the TQ group (p < 0.05). Although TQ alone increased TAS values and reduced tissue iNOS and eNOS levels, combined antioxidant treatment may more effectively reduce apoptosis and increase preventive effects in testis I/R injury.
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, School of Medicine, Istanbul Medeniyet University, Istanbul, Turkey.
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Erol
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, School of Medicine, Istanbul Medeniyet University, Istanbul, Turkey.
authors.forename: U
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: Sari
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, School of Medicine, Adnan Menderes University, Aydin, Turkey.
authors.forename: A S
authors.initials: AS
authors.lastname: Amasyali
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Istanbul Medeniyet University, Istanbul, Turkey.
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Ozkanli
authors.affiliation: Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Istanbul Medeniyet University, Istanbul, Turkey.
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Sogut
authors.affiliation: Department of Anesthesiology, School of Medicine, Dokuz Eylul University, Izmir, Turkey.
authors.forename: V
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Hanci
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, School of Medicine, Istanbul Medeniyet University, Istanbul, Turkey.
authors.forename: O
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Efiloglu
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, School of Medicine, Istanbul Medeniyet University, Istanbul, Turkey.
authors.forename: Y O
authors.initials: YO
authors.lastname: Danacioglu
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Istanbul Medeniyet University, Istanbul, Turkey.
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Engin
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, School of Medicine, Yeditepe University, Istanbul, Turkey.
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Yencilek
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, School of Medicine, Istanbul Medeniyet University, Istanbul, Turkey.
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Atis
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, School of Medicine, Istanbul Medeniyet University, Istanbul, Turkey.
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Yildirim
authors.affiliation: Department of Anatomy, School of Medicine, Istanbul Medeniyet University, Istanbul, Turkey.
authors.forename: O A
authors.initials: OA
authors.lastname: Alkoc
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, School of Medicine, Istanbul Medeniyet University, Istanbul, Turkey.
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Caskurlu
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000975:Antioxidants / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D053477:Apoptotic Protease-Activating Factor 1 / Q000378:metabolism; D016227:Benzoquinones / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D008297:Male; D008315:Malondialdehyde / Q000378:metabolism; D052247:Nitric Oxide Synthase Type II / Q000378:metabolism; D052250:Nitric Oxide Synthase Type III / Q000378:metabolism; D018384:Oxidative Stress / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D015427:Reperfusion Injury / Q000517:prevention & control*; D013737:Testis / Q000098:blood supply* / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D000975:Antioxidants; C506594:Apaf1 protein, rat; D053477:Apoptotic Protease-Activating Factor 1; D016227:Benzoquinones; D008315:Malondialdehyde; D052247:Nitric Oxide Synthase Type II; D052250:Nitric Oxide Synthase Type III; C496318:Nos2 protein, rat; C496316:Nos3 protein, rat; C003466:thymoquinone
keywords: antioxidant; ischemia; reperfusion injury; testis