title: Effects of different depth of grain colour on antioxidant capacity during water imbibition in wheat (Triticum aestivum L.).
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The importance of the effect of phytochemical accumulation in wheat grain on grain physiology has been recognised. In this study, we tracked phytochemical concentration in the seed coat of purple wheat during the water-imbibition phase and also hypothesised that the speed of germination was only relevant to its initial phytochemical concentration.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The results indicate that the speed of germination was significantly reduced in the darker grain groups within the purple wheat. Total phenol content was slightly increased in all groups compared to their initial state, but the levels of other phytochemicals varied among groups. It is revealed that anthocyanin was significantly degraded during the water imbibition stage. Also, the activities of peroxidase, ascorbate peroxidase, catalase, glutathione S-transferase, glutathione reductase, and glutathione peroxidase in each grain colour group did not correlated with germination speed. Overall antioxidant activity was reduced as imbibition progressed in each group. Generally, darker grain groups showed higher total antioxidant activities than did lighter grain groups.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These findings suggested that the reduced activity of reactive oxygen species, as controlled by internal antioxidant enzymes and phytochemicals, related with germination speed during the water imbibition stage in grains with greater depth of purple colouring. © 2016 Society of Chemical Industry.
authors.affiliation: Division of Biotechnology, Korea University, Seongbuk-Gu, Seoul, 136-713, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Oon Ha
authors.initials: OH
authors.lastname: Shin
authors.affiliation: Division of Biotechnology, Korea University, Seongbuk-Gu, Seoul, 136-713, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Dae Yeon
authors.initials: DY
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.affiliation: Division of Biotechnology, Korea University, Seongbuk-Gu, Seoul, 136-713, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Yong Weon
authors.initials: YW
authors.lastname: Seo
mesh_terms: D000872:Anthocyanins / Q000378:metabolism; D060387:Ascorbate Peroxidases / Q000378:metabolism; D002374:Catalase / Q000378:metabolism; D003116:Color; D018525:Germination; D009195:Peroxidase / Q000378:metabolism; D010940:Plant Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D012639:Seeds / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000201:enzymology / Q000254:growth & development / Q000378:metabolism; D014908:Triticum / Q000737:chemistry / Q000201:enzymology / Q000254:growth & development / Q000378:metabolism*; D014867:Water / Q000032:analysis / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D000872:Anthocyanins; D010940:Plant Proteins; D014867:Water; D060387:Ascorbate Peroxidases; D002374:Catalase; D009195:Peroxidase
keywords: antioxidant capacity; germination; grain colour; water imbibition; wheat