title: Determination of aniline and quinoline compounds in textiles.
abstract: A simple method for simultaneous determination of twenty-one analytes, belonging to two classes of compounds, aromatic amines and quinolines, is presented. Several of the analytes considered in this study frequently occur in textiles goods on the open market and have been related to allergic contact dermatitis and/or are proven or suspected carcinogens. The method includes an efficient clean-up step using graphitized carbon black (GCB) that simplifies and improves the robustness of the subsequent GC-MS analysis. Briefly, after solvent extraction of the textile sample, the extract is passed through a GCB SPE cartridge that selectively retain dyes and other interfering compounds present in the matrix, producing a clean extract, suitable for GC-MS analysis, is obtained. The method was evaluated by spiking blank textiles with the selected analytes. Method quantification limits (MQL) ranged from 5 to 720ng/g depending on the analyte. The linear range of the calibration curves ranged over two order magnitude with coefficients of determination (R2) higher than 0.99. Recoveries ranged from 70 to 92% with RSDs 1.7-14%. The effectiveness of the method was tested on a variety of textile materials samples from different origin. In a pilot explorative survey, 2,6-dichloro-4-nitroaniline was detected in all the analysed clothing samples in concentrations ranging from 1.0 to 576μg/g. 2,4-dinitroaniline was detected in four of the seven samples with a highest concentration of 305μg/g. Quinoline was detected in all samples in concentrations ranging from 0.06 to 6.2μg/g.
authors.affiliation: Department of Environmental Science and Analytical Chemistry, Arrhenius Laboratory, Stockholm University, SE-10691 Stockholm, Sweden.
authors.forename: Giovanna
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Luongo
authors.affiliation: Department of Environmental Science and Analytical Chemistry, Arrhenius Laboratory, Stockholm University, SE-10691 Stockholm, Sweden.
authors.forename: Francesco
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Iadaresta
authors.affiliation: Department of Environmental Science and Analytical Chemistry, Arrhenius Laboratory, Stockholm University, SE-10691 Stockholm, Sweden.
authors.forename: Emanuele
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Moccia
authors.affiliation: Department of Environmental Science and Analytical Chemistry, Arrhenius Laboratory, Stockholm University, SE-10691 Stockholm, Sweden.
authors.forename: Conny
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Östman
authors.affiliation: Department of Environmental Science and Analytical Chemistry, Arrhenius Laboratory, Stockholm University, SE-10691 Stockholm, Sweden; Department of Pharmacy, University of Salerno, Via Giovanni Paolo II, 132, I-84084 Fisciano, SA, Italy. Electronic address: carlo.crescenzi@unisa.it.
authors.forename: Carlo
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Crescenzi
mesh_terms: D000814:Aniline Compounds / Q000032:analysis*; D002273:Carcinogens / Q000032:analysis; D002623:Chemistry Techniques, Analytical / Q000379:methods* / Q000592:standards; D003020:Clothing; D004396:Coloring Agents / Q000032:analysis; D008401:Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry; D007509:Irritants / Q000032:analysis; D011804:Quinolines / Q000032:analysis*; D053260:Soot / Q000737:chemistry; D013784:Textiles / Q000032:analysis*
chemical_list: D000814:Aniline Compounds; D002273:Carcinogens; D004396:Coloring Agents; D007509:Irritants; D011804:Quinolines; D053260:Soot
keywords: Allergenic compounds; Anilines; Aromatic amines; Clothing textiles; Graphitized carbon black column chromatography; Quinolines