title: Metabolic control in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus in a public hospital in Peru: a cross-sectional study in a low-middle income country.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The objective of this study was to assess patients' achievement of ADA (American Diabetes Association) guideline recommendations for glycosylated hemoglobin, lipid profile, and blood pressure in a type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) outpatient clinic in a low-middle income country (LMIC) setting.
  
  
  METHODS
  This is a descriptive cross-sectional study with 123 ambulatory T2DM patients who are being treated at a public hospital in Lima, Peru. Data was gathered via standardized interviews, clinical surveys, and anthropomorphic measurements for each patient. Blood samples were drawn in fasting state for measures of glucose, glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c), and lipid profile. Laboratory parameters and blood pressure were evaluated according to ADA recommendations.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Of the 123 patients, 81 were women and the mean age was 61.8 years. Glycemic control was abnormal in 82 (68.33%) participants, and 45 (37.50%) were unable to control their blood pressure. Lipid profile was abnormal in 73 (60.83%) participants. Only nine (7.50%) participants fulfilled ADA recommendations for glycemic, blood pressure, and lipid control.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Amongst individuals with type 2 diabetes, there was poor attainment of the ADA recommendations (HbA1c, blood pressure and LDL-cholesterol) for ambulatory T2DM patients. Interventions are urgently needed in order to prevent long-term diabetic complications.
authors.affiliation: Unidad de Conocimiento y Evidencia (CONEVID), Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia , Lima , Peru.
authors.forename: Irma Elizabeth
authors.initials: IE
authors.lastname: Huayanay-Espinoza
authors.affiliation: Unidad de Conocimiento y Evidencia (CONEVID), Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia , Lima , Peru.
authors.forename: Felix
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Guerra-Castañon
authors.affiliation: Unidad de Conocimiento y Evidencia (CONEVID), Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima, Peru; CRONICAS Centre of Excellence in Chronic Diseases, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima, Peru.
authors.forename: María
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Lazo-Porras
authors.affiliation: Unidad de Conocimiento y Evidencia (CONEVID), Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima, Peru; CRONICAS Centre of Excellence in Chronic Diseases, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima, Peru; Knowledge and Evaluation Research (KER) Unit, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, United States; Emergency Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, United States.
authors.forename: Ana
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Castaneda-Guarderas
authors.affiliation: Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University , Atlanta , GA , United States.
authors.forename: Nimmy Josephine
authors.initials: NJ
authors.lastname: Thomas
authors.affiliation: Unidad de Conocimiento y Evidencia (CONEVID), Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia , Lima , Peru.
authors.forename: Ana-Lucia
authors.initials: AL
authors.lastname: Garcia-Guarniz
authors.affiliation: Unidad de Conocimiento y Evidencia (CONEVID), Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia , Lima , Peru.
authors.forename: Augusto A
authors.initials: AA
authors.lastname: Valdivia-Bustamante
authors.affiliation: Unidad de Conocimiento y Evidencia (CONEVID), Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima, Peru; CRONICAS Centre of Excellence in Chronic Diseases, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima, Peru; Faculty of Medicine "Alberto Hurtado," Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima, Peru; Department of Internal Medicine, Hospital Cayetano Heredia, Lima, Peru.
authors.forename: Germán
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Málaga
keywords: Cholesterol; Diabetes mellitus type 2; Glycosylated hemoglobin; Hypertension; LMIC; Peru