title: Pre-Exposure Prophylaxis: A Narrative Review of Provider Behavior and Interventions to Increase PrEP Implementation in Primary Care.
abstract: Since FDA approval of HIV pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) for HIV prevention, attention has been focused on PrEP implementation. The CDC estimates that 1.2 million U.S. adults might benefit from PrEP, but only a minority are using PrEP, so there is a significant unmet need to increase access for those at risk for HIV. Given the large numbers of individuals who have indications for PrEP, there are not enough practicing specialists to meet the growing need for providers trained in providing PrEP. Moreover, since PrEP is a preventive intervention for otherwise healthy individuals, primary care providers (PCPs) should be primary prescribers of PrEP. There are important clinical considerations that providers should take into account when planning to prescribe PrEP, which are highlighted in the clinical case discussed. A growing body of research also suggests that some providers may be cautious about prescribing PrEP because of concerns regarding its "real-world" effectiveness, anticipated unintended consequences associated with its use, and ambiguity as to who should prescribe it. This review summarizes findings from studies that have assessed prescriber behavior regarding provision of PrEP, and offers recommendations on how to optimize PrEP implementation in primary care settings. Development and dissemination of educational interventions for PCPs and potential PrEP users are needed, including improved methods to assist clinicians in identifying appropriate PrEP candidates, and programs to promote medication adherence and access to social and behavioral health services. PCPs are well-positioned to prescribe PrEP and coordinate health-related services to improve the sexual health of their patients, but tailored educational programs are needed.
authors.affiliation: Fenway Health, The Fenway Institute, 1340 Boylston St., Boston, MA, 02215, USA.|New York Medical College, Valhalla, NY, USA.|Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA.
authors.forename: Andrew
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Silapaswan
authors.affiliation: Fenway Health, The Fenway Institute, 1340 Boylston St., Boston, MA, 02215, USA.|Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA.|Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
authors.forename: Douglas
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Krakower
authors.affiliation: Fenway Health, The Fenway Institute, 1340 Boylston St., Boston, MA, 02215, USA. KMayer@fenwayhealth.org.|Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA. KMayer@fenwayhealth.org.|Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA. KMayer@fenwayhealth.org.|Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA. KMayer@fenwayhealth.org.
authors.forename: Kenneth H
authors.initials: KH
authors.lastname: Mayer
mesh_terms: D001291:Attitude of Health Personnel; D015658:HIV Infections / Q000517:prevention & control*; D007722:Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice; D006297:Health Services Accessibility; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D055118:Medication Adherence; D008875:Middle Aged; D017410:Practice Guidelines as Topic; D010818:Practice Patterns, Physicians'; D065129:Pre-Exposure Prophylaxis / Q000191:economics / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D011320:Primary Health Care / Q000458:organization & administration; D012307:Risk Factors
keywords: HIV/AIDS; men who have sex with men (MSM); pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP); prevention; primary care