title: Trial Watch: Immunotherapy plus radiation therapy for oncological indications.
abstract: Malignant cells succumbing to some forms of radiation therapy are particularly immunogenic and hence can initiate a therapeutically relevant adaptive immune response. This reflects the intrinsic antigenicity of malignant cells (which often synthesize a high number of potentially reactive neo-antigens) coupled with the ability of radiation therapy to boost the adjuvanticity of cell death as it stimulates the release of endogenous adjuvants from dying cells. Thus, radiation therapy has been intensively investigated for its capacity to improve the therapeutic profile of several anticancer immunotherapies, including (but not limited to) checkpoint blockers, anticancer vaccines, oncolytic viruses, Toll-like receptor (TLR) agonists, cytokines, and several small molecules with immunostimulatory effects. Here, we summarize recent preclinical and clinical advances in this field of investigation.
authors.affiliation: INSERM, U1138, Paris, France; Université Paris Descartes/Paris V, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France; Université Pierre et Marie Curie/Paris VI, Paris, France; Equipe 11 labellisée par la Ligue Nationale contre le Cancer, Center de Recherche des Cordeliers, Paris, France; Gustave Roussy Cancer Campus, Villejuif, France.
authors.forename: Erika
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Vacchelli
authors.affiliation: INSERM, U1138, Paris, France; Université Paris Descartes/Paris V, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France; Université Pierre et Marie Curie/Paris VI, Paris, France; Equipe 11 labellisée par la Ligue Nationale contre le Cancer, Center de Recherche des Cordeliers, Paris, France; Gustave Roussy Cancer Campus, Villejuif, France.
authors.forename: Norma
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Bloy
authors.affiliation: Group of Immune receptors of the Innate and Adaptive System, Institut d'Investigacions Biomédiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS) , Barcelona, Spain.
authors.forename: Fernando
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Aranda
authors.affiliation: INSERM, U1138, Paris, France; Université Paris Descartes/Paris V, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France; Université Pierre et Marie Curie/Paris VI, Paris, France; Equipe 11 labellisée par la Ligue Nationale contre le Cancer, Center de Recherche des Cordeliers, Paris, France; Gustave Roussy Cancer Campus, Villejuif, France.
authors.forename: Aitziber
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Buqué
authors.affiliation: INSERM, U1138, Paris, France; Université Paris Descartes/Paris V, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France; Université Pierre et Marie Curie/Paris VI, Paris, France; Equipe 13, Center de Recherche des Cordeliers, Paris, France.
authors.forename: Isabelle
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Cremer
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiation Oncology, Weill Cornell Medical College , New York, NY, USA.
authors.forename: Sandra
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Demaria
authors.affiliation: Gustave Roussy Cancer Campus , Villejuif, France.
authors.forename: Alexander
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Eggermont
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiation Oncology, Weill Cornell Medical College , New York, NY, USA.
authors.forename: Silvia Chiara
authors.initials: SC
authors.lastname: Formenti
authors.affiliation: INSERM, U1138, Paris, France; Université Paris Descartes/Paris V, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France; Université Pierre et Marie Curie/Paris VI, Paris, France; Equipe 13, Center de Recherche des Cordeliers, Paris, France.
authors.forename: Wolf Hervé
authors.initials: WH
authors.lastname: Fridman
authors.affiliation: Sotio, Prague, Czech Republic; Department of Immunology, 2nd Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Motol, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic.
authors.forename: Jitka
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Fucikova
authors.affiliation: INSERM, U1138, Paris, France; Université Paris Descartes/Paris V, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France; Université Pierre et Marie Curie/Paris VI, Paris, France; Laboratory of Integrative Cancer Immunology, Center de Recherche des Cordeliers, Paris, France.
authors.forename: Jérôme
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Galon
authors.affiliation: Sotio, Prague, Czech Republic; Department of Immunology, 2nd Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Motol, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic.
authors.forename: Radek
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Spisek
authors.affiliation: Université Paris Descartes/Paris V, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France; INSERM, U970, Paris, France; Paris-Cardiovascular Research Center (PARCC), Paris, France; Service d'Immunologie Biologique, Hôpital Européen Georges Pompidou (HEGP), AP-HP, Paris, France.
authors.forename: Eric
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Tartour
authors.affiliation: Gustave Roussy Cancer Campus, Villejuif, France; INSERM, U1015, CICBT1428, Villejuif, France.
authors.forename: Laurence
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Zitvogel
authors.affiliation: INSERM, U1138, Paris, France; Université Paris Descartes/Paris V, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France; Université Pierre et Marie Curie/Paris VI, Paris, France; Equipe 11 labellisée par la Ligue Nationale contre le Cancer, Center de Recherche des Cordeliers, Paris, France; Pôle de Biologie, Hôpital Européen Georges Pompidou, AP-HP, Paris, France; Metabolomics and Cell Biology Platforms, Gustave Roussy Cancer Campus, Villejuif, France; Department of Women's and Children's Health, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden.
authors.forename: Guido
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Kroemer
authors.affiliation: INSERM, U1138, Paris, France; Université Paris Descartes/Paris V, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France; Université Pierre et Marie Curie/Paris VI, Paris, France; Equipe 11 labellisée par la Ligue Nationale contre le Cancer, Center de Recherche des Cordeliers, Paris, France; Gustave Roussy Cancer Campus, Villejuif, France; Department of Radiation Oncology, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY, USA.
authors.forename: Lorenzo
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Galluzzi
keywords: Danger-associated molecular patterns; TGFβ1; immunogenic cell death; ipilimumab; nivolumab; pembrolizumab