title: The application of One Health concept to an outdoor problem-based learning activity for veterinary students.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The One Health (OH) approach, which seeks to bring together human and animal health, is particularly suited to the effective management of zoonotic diseases across both sectors. To overcome professional silos, OH needs to be taught at the undergraduate level. Here, we describe a problem-based learning activity using the OH approach that was conducted outdoors for 3rd-year veterinary students in Malaysia.
  
  
  METHODS
  A total of 118 students, divided into two groups, completed the activity which spanned 1½ days at a deer park adjacent to a wilderness area. Students were asked to evaluate the activity using an online survey that had quantitative and qualitative components.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Response rate was 69.5%. The activity was rated excellent by 69.5% and good by 30.4%. Levels of satisfaction were high on a range of criteria. 97.5% of students intended to take action in their studies as a result of what they had learned.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Delivery of an outdoor problem-based learning activity using OH approach was very successful in terms of participation, knowledge delivery and understanding, and the willingness of students to integrate OH into their future practice. For the improvement of future programs, the involvement of other disciplines (such as Medical, Biology, Biotechnology, Biomedical, and Public Health) is being considered.
authors.affiliation: Department of Veterinary Preclinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 Serdang, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia.
authors.forename: T A Tengku Rinalfi
authors.initials: TA
authors.lastname: Putra
authors.affiliation: Department of Veterinary Preclinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 Serdang, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia.
authors.forename: Mohd Noor Mohd
authors.initials: MN
authors.lastname: Hezmee
authors.affiliation: Department of Veterinary Preclinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 Serdang, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia.
authors.forename: N B
authors.initials: NB
authors.lastname: Farhana
authors.affiliation: Department of Veterinary Preclinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 Serdang, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia.
authors.forename: H A
authors.initials: HA
authors.lastname: Hassim
authors.affiliation: Department of Veterinary Preclinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 Serdang, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia.
authors.forename: A R
authors.initials: AR
authors.lastname: Intan-Shameha
authors.affiliation: Department of Veterinary Preclinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 Serdang, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia.
authors.forename: I H
authors.initials: IH
authors.lastname: Lokman
authors.affiliation: Department of Veterinary Preclinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 Serdang, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia.
authors.forename: A Yusof
authors.initials: AY
authors.lastname: Hamali
authors.affiliation: Department of Veterinary Preclinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 Serdang, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia.
authors.forename: M S
authors.initials: MS
authors.lastname: Salisi
authors.affiliation: Department of Veterinary Preclinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 Serdang, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia.
authors.forename: A A A
authors.initials: AA
authors.lastname: Ghani
authors.affiliation: Department of Veterinary Preclinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 Serdang, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia.
authors.forename: M S
authors.initials: MS
authors.lastname: Shahudin
authors.affiliation: Department of Veterinary Preclinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 Serdang, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia.
authors.forename: M A L
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Qayyum
authors.affiliation: Department of Veterinary Preclinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 Serdang, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia.
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Hafandi
authors.affiliation: College of Public Health, Medical and Veterinary Sciences, James Cook University, Townsville 4811, Australia; Department of Infectious Disease and Global Health, Cummings School of Veterinary Medicine Tufts University, Greater Boston, Massachusetts, USA.
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Speare
authors.affiliation: Department of Infectious Disease and Global Health, Cummings School of Veterinary Medicine Tufts University, Greater Boston, Massachusetts, USA.
authors.forename: S G
authors.initials: SG
authors.lastname: Fenwick
keywords: Doctor of Veterinary Medicine; One Health; problem-based learning