title: Impact of genetic variants of ATP binding cassette B1, AICAR transformylase/IMP cyclohydrolase, folyl-polyglutamatesynthetase, and methylenetetrahydrofolatereductase on methotrexate toxicity.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To analyze the effect of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) with well-known functional impact of methylenetetrahydrofolatereductase (MTHFR; rs1801131 and rs1801133), the membrane transporter ABCB1 (rs1045642), the AICAR transformylase/IMP cyclohydrolase (ATIC; rs2372536) and folyl-polyglutamatesynthetase (FPGS; rs1544105), on liver and bone marrow toxicity of methotrexate (MTX).
  
  
  METHODS
  We analyzed 1415 visits from 350 patients of the PEARL (Princesa Early Arthritis Register Longitudinal) study: (732 with MTX, 683 without MTX). The different SNPs were genotyped using specific TaqMan probes (Applied Biosystems). Multivariate analyzes were performed using generalized linear models in which the dependent variables were the levels of serum alanine aminotransferase (liver toxicity), leukocytes, platelets or hemoglobin (hematologic toxicity) and adjusted for clinical variables (disease activity, etc.), analytical (renal function, etc.), sociodemographic (age, sex, etc.) and genetic variants of MTHFR, ABCB1, ATIC and FPGS. The effect of these variables on the MTX doses prescribed throughout follow-up was also analyzed through multivariate analysis nested by visit and patient.
  
  
  RESULTS
  When taking MTX, those patients carrying the CC genotype of rs1045642 in ABCB1 showed significantly higher GPT levels (7.1±2.0 U/L; P<.001). Carrying at least one G allele of rs1544105 in FPGS was associated with lower leukocyte (-0.67±0.32; 0.038), hemoglobin (-0.34±0.11g/dL; P=.002), and platelet (-11.8±4.7; P=.012) levels. The presence of the G allele of rs1544105 in FPGS, and the T allele of rs1801133 in MTHFR, was significantly associated with the use of lower doses of MTX.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our data suggest that genotyping functional variants in FGPS and MTHFR enzymes and the transporter ABCB1 could help to identify patients with increased risk of MTX toxicity.
authors.affiliation: Servicio de Reumatología, Hospital Universitario de Torrejón de Ardoz, Torrejón de Ardoz, Madrid, España.
authors.forename: Luis
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Sala-Icardo
authors.affiliation: Servicio de Reumatología, Hospital Universitario La Princesa, Madrid, España.
authors.forename: Amalia
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Lamana
authors.affiliation: Servicio de Reumatología, Hospital Universitario La Princesa, Madrid, España.
authors.forename: Ana María
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Ortiz
authors.affiliation: Servicio de Reumatología, Hospital Universitario La Princesa, Madrid, España.
authors.forename: Elena
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: García Lorenzo
authors.affiliation: Servicio de Reumatología, Hospital Universitario La Princesa, Madrid, España.
authors.forename: Pablo
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Moreno Fresneda
authors.affiliation: Servicio de Reumatología, Hospital Universitario La Princesa, Madrid, España.
authors.forename: Rosario
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: García-Vicuña
authors.affiliation: Servicio de Reumatología, Hospital Universitario La Princesa, Madrid, España. Electronic address: isidoro.ga@ser.es.
authors.forename: Isidoro
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: González-Álvaro
mesh_terms: D018435:ATP Binding Cassette Transporter, Subfamily B / Q000235:genetics / Q000502:physiology; D000328:Adult; D000367:Age Factors; D000368:Aged; D000410:Alanine Transaminase / Q000097:blood; D001168:Arthritis / Q000097:blood / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000235:genetics*; D001711:Biotransformation / Q000235:genetics; D003404:Creatinine / Q000097:blood; D005260:Female; D006454:Hemoglobins / Q000032:analysis; D006801:Humans; D019877:Hydroxymethyl and Formyl Transferases / Q000235:genetics* / Q000502:physiology; D007166:Immunosuppressive Agents / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000493:pharmacokinetics / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D007958:Leukocyte Count; D008099:Liver / Q000187:drug effects / Q000201:enzymology; D008297:Male; D008727:Methotrexate / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000493:pharmacokinetics / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D042965:Methylenetetrahydrofolate Reductase (NADPH2) / Q000235:genetics* / Q000502:physiology; D008875:Middle Aged; D009097:Multienzyme Complexes / Q000235:genetics* / Q000502:physiology; D009709:Nucleotide Deaminases / Q000235:genetics* / Q000502:physiology; D010453:Peptide Synthases / Q000235:genetics* / Q000502:physiology; D010976:Platelet Count; D020641:Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide; D012737:Sex Factors
chemical_list: C513055:ABCB1 protein, human; D018435:ATP Binding Cassette Transporter, Subfamily B; D006454:Hemoglobins; D007166:Immunosuppressive Agents; D009097:Multienzyme Complexes; C113120:inosine monophosphate synthase; D003404:Creatinine; D042965:Methylenetetrahydrofolate Reductase (NADPH2); D019877:Hydroxymethyl and Formyl Transferases; D000410:Alanine Transaminase; D009709:Nucleotide Deaminases; D010453:Peptide Synthases; C023103:folylpolyglutamate synthetase; D008727:Methotrexate
keywords: Artritis reumatoide; Methotrexate; Metotrexato; Polimorfismos de nucleótido único; Rheumatoid arthritis; Single nucleotide polymorphism; Toxicidad; Toxicity