title: Rapid determination of β-lactam antimicrobial resistance in bacteria by a liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry-based method.
abstract: Conventional antimicrobial susceptibility tests (ASTs) are very time consuming and insufficiently precise to promptly select a proper antimicrobial treatment. This difficulty disrupts the management of infections and exacerbates the development of antimicrobial resistance. Generally, antimicrobial resistance involves the chemical modification of an antimicrobial compound to an inactive form by an enzyme released by bacteria. This modification causes a structural change and is followed by a characteristic mass shift of the antimicrobials. Using this mechanism, we developed a new liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry method to rapidly determine the degree of resistance of Salmonella enterica subspecies enterica serovar Typhimurium (Salmonella Typhimurium), Escherichia coli, and Staphylococcus aureus to amoxicillin, ampicillin, and penicillin G, respectively. This method was successfully applied to 20 bacterial isolates from Korean slaughterhouses and farms. There were 18-Da mass shifts in resistant strains compared with susceptible strains of Salmonella Typhimurium, E. coli, and S. aureus, and the intensities of the hydrolyzed penicillin mass spectra were much higher in resistant strains than those in susceptible strains, which together indicate the reliability of this method. A comparison of the mass spectrometry-derived results with that from conventional ASTs revealed an identical classification of the tested bacteria according to sensitivity and resistance. Notably, this assay method requires only 2 h for determining the susceptibility status of a strain. This newly developed method is able to determine the extent of antimicrobial resistance qualitatively and quantitatively within a very short time and could be used to replace conventional AST methods. Graphical abstract Rapid determination of β-lactam antimicrobial resistance in bacteria by LC-MS/MS.
authors.affiliation: Veterinary Drugs & Biologics Division, Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency (QIA), 177, Hyeoksin 8-ro, Gimcheon-si, Gyeongsangbuk-do, 39660, Republic of Korea.|Department of Physiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, 702-701, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: JeongWoo
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Kang
authors.affiliation: Veterinary Drugs & Biologics Division, Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency (QIA), 177, Hyeoksin 8-ro, Gimcheon-si, Gyeongsangbuk-do, 39660, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Md Akil
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Hossain
authors.affiliation: Veterinary Drugs & Biologics Division, Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency (QIA), 177, Hyeoksin 8-ro, Gimcheon-si, Gyeongsangbuk-do, 39660, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Hae-Chul
authors.initials: HC
authors.lastname: Park
authors.affiliation: Veterinary Drugs & Biologics Division, Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency (QIA), 177, Hyeoksin 8-ro, Gimcheon-si, Gyeongsangbuk-do, 39660, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Yangho
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Jang
authors.affiliation: Veterinary Drugs & Biologics Division, Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency (QIA), 177, Hyeoksin 8-ro, Gimcheon-si, Gyeongsangbuk-do, 39660, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Seonhwa
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.affiliation: Veterinary Drugs & Biologics Division, Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency (QIA), 177, Hyeoksin 8-ro, Gimcheon-si, Gyeongsangbuk-do, 39660, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Jae Young
authors.initials: JY
authors.lastname: Song
authors.affiliation: Veterinary Drugs & Biologics Division, Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency (QIA), 177, Hyeoksin 8-ro, Gimcheon-si, Gyeongsangbuk-do, 39660, Republic of Korea. leekwj@korea.kr.
authors.forename: Kwang-Jick
authors.initials: KJ
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.affiliation: Department of Physiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, 702-701, Republic of Korea. twkim@knu.ac.kr.
authors.forename: Tae-Wan
authors.initials: TW
authors.lastname: Kim
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002851:Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid / Q000379:methods; D004926:Escherichia coli / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000201:enzymology; D005243:Feces / Q000382:microbiology; D006868:Hydrolysis; D057230:Limit of Detection; D008826:Microbial Sensitivity Tests; D012486:Salmonella typhimurium / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000201:enzymology; D013211:Staphylococcus aureus / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000201:enzymology; D053719:Tandem Mass Spectrometry / Q000379:methods; D018440:beta-Lactam Resistance / Q000187:drug effects*; D001618:beta-Lactamases / Q000378:metabolism; D047090:beta-Lactams / Q000494:pharmacology*
chemical_list: D047090:beta-Lactams; D001618:beta-Lactamases
keywords: Antimicrobial susceptibility; LC-MS/MS determination; Rapid analysis; β-lactam antimicrobial resistance