title: Anti-Dermatophyte and Anti-Malassezia Activity of Extracts Rich in Polymeric Flavan-3-ols Obtained from Vitis vinifera Seeds.
abstract: Several human skin diseases are associated with fungi as dermatophytes and Malassezia. Skin mycoses are increasing and new alternatives to conventional treatments with improved efficacy and/or safety profiles are desirable. For the first time, the anti-dermatophytes and the anti-Malassezia activities of Vitis vinifera seed extracts obtained from different table and wine cultivars have been evaluated. Geometric minimal inhibitory concentration ranged from 20 to 97 µg/mL for dermatophytes and from 32 to 161 µg/mL for Malassezia furfur. Dried grape seed extracts analyzed by HPLC/DAD/ESI/MS showed different quali-quantitative compositions in terms of monomeric and polymeric flavan-3-ols. The minimal inhibitory concentrations for Trichophyton mentagrophytes and for M. furfur were inversely correlated with the amount of the polymeric fraction (r = -0.7639 and r = -0.7228, respectively). Differently, the antifungal activity against T. mentagrophytes was not correlated to the content of flavan-3-ol monomers (r = 0.2920) and only weakly correlated for M. furfur (r = -0.53604). These results suggest that extracts rich in polymeric flavan-3-ols, recovered from V.  vinifera seeds, could be used for the treatment of skin fungal infections. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
authors.affiliation: Department of Public Health and Infectious Diseases "Sapienza", University of Rome, Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, 00185, Rome, Italy.
authors.forename: Giovanna
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Simonetti
authors.affiliation: Department of Public Health and Infectious Diseases "Sapienza", University of Rome, Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, 00185, Rome, Italy.
authors.forename: Felicia Diodata
authors.initials: FD
authors.lastname: D'Auria
authors.affiliation: Department of NEUROFARBA, Pharmaceutical and Nutraceutical section, University of Florence, Via Ugo Schiff 6, 50019, Sesto Fiorentino, Firenze, Italy.
authors.forename: Nadia
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Mulinacci
authors.affiliation: Department of NEUROFARBA, Pharmaceutical and Nutraceutical section, University of Florence, Via Ugo Schiff 6, 50019, Sesto Fiorentino, Firenze, Italy.
authors.forename: Marzia
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Innocenti
authors.affiliation: CREA-Council for Agricultural Research and Economics, Research Unit for Table Grapes and Wine Growing in Mediterranean Environment, Via Casamassima 148, 70010, Turi, Bari, Italy.
authors.forename: Donato
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Antonacci
authors.affiliation: Department of Public Health and Infectious Diseases "Sapienza", University of Rome, Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, 00185, Rome, Italy.
authors.forename: Letizia
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Angiolella
authors.affiliation: Department of Environmental Biology "Sapienza", University of Rome, Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, 00185, Rome, Italy.
authors.forename: Anna Rita
authors.initials: AR
authors.lastname: Santamaria
authors.affiliation: Department of Environmental Biology "Sapienza", University of Rome, Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, 00185, Rome, Italy.
authors.forename: Alessio
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Valletta
authors.affiliation: Department of Environmental Biology "Sapienza", University of Rome, Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, 00185, Rome, Italy.
authors.forename: Livia
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Donati
authors.affiliation: Department of Environmental Biology "Sapienza", University of Rome, Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, 00185, Rome, Italy.
authors.forename: Gabriella
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Pasqua
mesh_terms: D000935:Antifungal Agents / Q000494:pharmacology*; D002851:Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid / Q000379:methods*; D005419:Flavonoids / Q000737:chemistry*; D008290:Malassezia / Q000187:drug effects*; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000494:pharmacology; D012639:Seeds / Q000737:chemistry*; D027843:Vitis / Q000737:chemistry*
chemical_list: D000935:Antifungal Agents; D005419:Flavonoids; D010936:Plant Extracts; C404987:flavan-3-ol
keywords: Malassezia furfur; Vitaceae; antifungal activity; dermatophytes; grape seed extracts; polymeric flavan-3-ols