title: Diagnosis of nail psoriasis: evaluation of nail-derived microRNAs as potential novel biomarkers.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  MicroRNA levels in sera or hair may potentially be useful biomarkers for various diseases. The diagnosis of nail diseases is sometimes difficult, and nail psoriasis without skin lesions is indistinguishable from nail changes caused by other diseases.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  We evaluated nail microRNA levels as biomarkers for the diagnosis of psoriasis patients.
  
  
  METHODS
  MicroRNA levels were examined in psoriasis patients with (11 patients) and without (six patients) nail changes. Normal control nails were collected from 17 healthy subjects. Eight patients with other diseases who also had nail changes were also included as disease controls.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Microarray, real-time PCR, and in situ hybridisation indicated that the expression levels of nail miR-4454 were decreased in psoriasis patients with nail changes, compared to those patients with other diseases involving nail change, or healthy subjects. The miR-4454 levels in nails showed a significant inverse correlation with the Nail Psoriasis Severity Index (NAPSI) score, suggesting that nail miR-4454 levels reflect nail condition.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The levels of microRNAs in nails may be suitable biomarkers for diagnosis or evaluation of disease activity of psoriasis.
authors.affiliation: Department of Dermatology and Plastic Surgery, Faculty of Life Sciences, Kumamoto University, Honjo 1-1-1, Kumamoto 860-8556, Japan.
authors.forename: Zhongzhi
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: Department of Dermatology and Plastic Surgery, Faculty of Life Sciences, Kumamoto University, Honjo 1-1-1, Kumamoto 860-8556, Japan.
authors.forename: Masatoshi
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Jinnin
authors.affiliation: Department of Dermatology and Plastic Surgery, Faculty of Life Sciences, Kumamoto University, Honjo 1-1-1, Kumamoto 860-8556, Japan.
authors.forename: Miho
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Harada
authors.affiliation: Department of Dermatology and Plastic Surgery, Faculty of Life Sciences, Kumamoto University, Honjo 1-1-1, Kumamoto 860-8556, Japan.
authors.forename: Hideo
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Kudo
authors.affiliation: Department of Dermatology and Plastic Surgery, Faculty of Life Sciences, Kumamoto University, Honjo 1-1-1, Kumamoto 860-8556, Japan.
authors.forename: Kuniko
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Inoue
authors.affiliation: Department of Dermatology and Plastic Surgery, Faculty of Life Sciences, Kumamoto University, Honjo 1-1-1, Kumamoto 860-8556, Japan.
authors.forename: Wakana
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Nakayama
authors.affiliation: Department of Dermatology and Plastic Surgery, Faculty of Life Sciences, Kumamoto University, Honjo 1-1-1, Kumamoto 860-8556, Japan.
authors.forename: Noritoshi
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Honda
authors.affiliation: Department of Dermatology and Plastic Surgery, Faculty of Life Sciences, Kumamoto University, Honjo 1-1-1, Kumamoto 860-8556, Japan.
authors.forename: Katsunari
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Makino
authors.affiliation: Department of Dermatology and Plastic Surgery, Faculty of Life Sciences, Kumamoto University, Honjo 1-1-1, Kumamoto 860-8556, Japan.
authors.forename: Ikko
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Kajihara
authors.affiliation: Department of Dermatology and Plastic Surgery, Faculty of Life Sciences, Kumamoto University, Honjo 1-1-1, Kumamoto 860-8556, Japan.
authors.forename: Satoshi
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Fukushima
authors.affiliation: Department of Dermatology and Plastic Surgery, Faculty of Life Sciences, Kumamoto University, Honjo 1-1-1, Kumamoto 860-8556, Japan.
authors.forename: Hironobu
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Ihn
mesh_terms: D015415:Biomarkers / Q000032:analysis*; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D006801:Humans; D017403:In Situ Hybridization; D035683:MicroRNAs / Q000032:analysis*; D009260:Nail Diseases / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000378:metabolism*; D020411:Oligonucleotide Array Sequence Analysis; D016133:Polymerase Chain Reaction; D011565:Psoriasis / Q000175:diagnosis*; D012720:Severity of Illness Index
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; C000623332:MIRN4454 microRNA, human; D035683:MicroRNAs
keywords: biomarker; microRNA; nail psoriasis