title: Pentahydroxyscirpene-Producing Strains, Formation In Planta, and Natural Occurrence.
abstract: Trichothecenes are a class of structurally diverse mycotoxins with more than 200 naturally occurring compounds. Previously, a new compound, pentahydroxyscirpene (PHS), was reported as a byproduct of a nivalenol producingFusariumstrain, IFA189. PHS contains a hydroxy group at C-8 instead of the keto group of type B trichothecenes. In this work, we demonstrate that IFA189 belongs to the speciesFusarium kyushuenseusing molecular tools. Production of PHS in vitro was also observed for several isolates of otherFusariumspecies producing nivalenol. Furthermore, we report the formation of 4-acetyl-PHS byF. kyushuenseon inoculated rice. Wheat ears of the variety Remus were infected with IFA189 and the in planta production of PHS was confirmed. Natural occurrence of PHS was verified in barley samples from the Czech Republic using a liquid chromatographic-tandem mass spectrometric method validated for this purpose. Toxicity of PHS to wheat ribosomes was evaluated with a coupled in vitro transcription and translation assay, which showed that PHS inhibits protein biosynthesis slightly less than nivalenol and deoxynivalenol.
authors.affiliation: Center for Analytical Chemistry and Christian Doppler Laboratory for Mycotoxin Metabolism, Department of Agrobiotechnology (IFA-Tulln), University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna (BOKU), Konrad-Lorenz-Straße 20, Tulln 3430, Austria. elisabeth.varga@boku.ac.at.
authors.forename: Elisabeth
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Varga
authors.affiliation: Department of Applied Genetics and Cell Biology, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna (BOKU), Konrad-Lorenz-Straße 24, Tulln 3430, Austria. gerlinde.wiesenberger@boku.ac.at.
authors.forename: Gerlinde
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Wiesenberger
authors.affiliation: Institute of Applied Synthetic Chemistry, Vienna University of Technology (VUT), Getreidemarkt 9/163, Vienna 1060, Austria. philipp.fruhmann@tuwien.ac.at.
authors.forename: Philipp
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Fruhmann
authors.affiliation: Center for Analytical Chemistry and Christian Doppler Laboratory for Mycotoxin Metabolism, Department of Agrobiotechnology (IFA-Tulln), University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna (BOKU), Konrad-Lorenz-Straße 20, Tulln 3430, Austria. alexandra.malachova@boku.ac.at.
authors.forename: Alexandra
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Malachová
authors.affiliation: Department of Applied Genetics and Cell Biology, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna (BOKU), Konrad-Lorenz-Straße 24, Tulln 3430, Austria. thomas.svoboda@boku.ac.at.
authors.forename: Thomas
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Svoboda
authors.affiliation: Institute for Biotechnology in Plant Production, Department of Agrobiotechnology (IFA-Tulln), University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna (BOKU), Konrad-Lorenz-Straße 20, Tulln 3430, Austria. marc.lemmens@boku.ac.at.
authors.forename: Marc
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Lemmens
authors.affiliation: Department of Applied Genetics and Cell Biology, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna (BOKU), Konrad-Lorenz-Straße 24, Tulln 3430, Austria. gerhard.adam@boku.ac.at.
authors.forename: Gerhard
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Adam
authors.affiliation: Center for Analytical Chemistry and Christian Doppler Laboratory for Mycotoxin Metabolism, Department of Agrobiotechnology (IFA-Tulln), University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna (BOKU), Konrad-Lorenz-Straße 20, Tulln 3430, Austria. franz.berthiller@boku.ac.at.
authors.forename: Franz
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Berthiller
mesh_terms: D004271:DNA, Fungal / Q000032:analysis; D005506:Food Contamination / Q000032:analysis; D005670:Fusarium / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D001467:Hordeum / Q000737:chemistry / Q000382:microbiology; D012275:Oryza / Q000737:chemistry / Q000382:microbiology*; D012270:Ribosomes / Q000187:drug effects; D014255:Trichothecenes / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000633:toxicity; D014908:Triticum / Q000737:chemistry / Q000382:microbiology*
chemical_list: D004271:DNA, Fungal; D014255:Trichothecenes; C587676:pentahydroxyscirpene
keywords: LC-MS/MS; cereals; mycotoxins; taxonomy; toxicity