title: Modeling the chronic lymphocytic leukemia microenvironment in vitro.
abstract: Microenvironments within the lymph node and bone marrow promote proliferation and drug resistance in chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL). Successful treatment of CLL must therefore target the leukemic cells within these compartments. A better understanding of the interaction between CLL cells and the tumor microenvironment has led to the development of in vitro models that mimic the mechanisms that support leukemic cell survival and proliferation in vivo. Employing these models as part of the pre-clinical evaluation of novel therapeutic agents enables a better approximation of their potential clinical efficacy. In this review we summarize the current literature describing how different aspects of the tumor microenvironment have been modeled in vitro and detail how these models have been employed to study the biology of the disease and potential efficacy of novel therapeutic agents.
authors.affiliation: a Northern Blood Research Centre , Kolling Institute of Medical Research, Royal North Shore Hospital , Sydney , Australia.
authors.forename: Kyle
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Crassini
authors.affiliation: a Northern Blood Research Centre , Kolling Institute of Medical Research, Royal North Shore Hospital , Sydney , Australia.
authors.forename: Yandong
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Shen
authors.affiliation: a Northern Blood Research Centre , Kolling Institute of Medical Research, Royal North Shore Hospital , Sydney , Australia.|b Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia Research Consortium (CLLARC) , Australia.
authors.forename: Stephen
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Mulligan
authors.affiliation: a Northern Blood Research Centre , Kolling Institute of Medical Research, Royal North Shore Hospital , Sydney , Australia.|b Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia Research Consortium (CLLARC) , Australia.
authors.forename: O
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Giles Best
mesh_terms: D000970:Antineoplastic Agents / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use; D053264:B-Cell Activating Factor / Q000378:metabolism; D019013:CD40 Antigens / Q000378:metabolism; D023201:CD40 Ligand / Q000378:metabolism; D002450:Cell Communication; D019008:Drug Resistance, Neoplasm; D006801:Humans; D000860:Hypoxia / Q000378:metabolism; D007378:Interleukins / Q000378:metabolism; D015451:Leukemia, Lymphocytic, Chronic, B-Cell / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology* / Q000628:therapy; D011485:Protein Binding; D011947:Receptors, Antigen, B-Cell / Q000378:metabolism; D015398:Signal Transduction; D017154:Stromal Cells / Q000378:metabolism; D051193:Toll-Like Receptors / Q000378:metabolism; D059016:Tumor Microenvironment / Q000187:drug effects; D053300:Tumor Necrosis Factor Ligand Superfamily Member 13 / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D000970:Antineoplastic Agents; D053264:B-Cell Activating Factor; D019013:CD40 Antigens; D007378:Interleukins; D011947:Receptors, Antigen, B-Cell; C505719:TNFSF13B protein, human; D051193:Toll-Like Receptors; D053300:Tumor Necrosis Factor Ligand Superfamily Member 13; D023201:CD40 Ligand
keywords: Chronic lymphocytic leukemia; drug resistance; microenvironment