title: SONOGRAPHIC EVALUATION OF TESTICULAR VOLUME IN NEONATES IN IBADAN, NIGERIA.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The testes are responsible for the production of spermatozoa and testosterone in man. Reliable and accurate determination of testicular volume is of great potential benefit in evaluation of patients with a variety of disorders affecting testicular growth, development and function. Ultrasonography (USS) provides a good and reliable tool for determining testicular volume when objective, accurate and reproducible measurements are required. This can be done in an easy and patient friendly manner. USS is readily available, cheap and does not involve the use of ionizing radiation; hence its suitability in neonates.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To determine the normal value for mean testicular volume in neonates using ultrasonography and to correlate testicular volume with weight, gestational age, and length as well as body mass index, so as to have a baseline reference value which will aid in prompt identification of neonates with testicular abnormalities for further evaluation and timely intervention.
  
  
  METHODS
  A multi-centre prospective cohort study.
  
  
  METHODS
  Radiology Departments of the University College Hospital, Adeoyo General Hospital and Eleta Catholic Hospital, Ibadan, Southwestern Nigeria.
  
  
  METHODS
  A total of 411 healthy male neonates had testicular ultrasound performed in the labor wards and post natal wards of the University College Hospital, Adeoyo General Hospital and Eleta Catholic Hospital, Ibadan, Nigeria. Testicular mean volume was obtained using the Lambert formula (length x width x height x 0.71). The statistical package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) for windows version 17.0 was used to analyze the data obtained.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The mean left testicular volume in this study was 0.276cm3± 0.08924 while the mean right testicular volume was 0.278cm3±0.09233. The overall mean testicular volume in neonate was 0.28±0.09cm3with no significant difference between the right and the left testes (p=0.000). There is a weak but statistically significant positive correlation between testicular volume and the birth weight, height, and body mass index but no correlation between the testicular volume and the gestational age at delivery.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This study showed that the mean testicular volume was 0.28± 0.09ml with no significant difference between the right and the left testes. There was a positive correlation between the birth weight, height and the body mass index and the volume of the right and the left testes but no correlation between the testicular volume and the gestational age of the neonates.
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, University College Hospital, Ibadan, Nigeria.
authors.forename: M O
authors.initials: MO
authors.lastname: Atalabi
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, University College Hospital, Ibadan, Nigeria.
authors.forename: A T
authors.initials: AT
authors.lastname: Adeniji-Sofoluwe
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, University College Hospital, Ibadan, Nigeria.
authors.forename: I O
authors.initials: IO
authors.lastname: Aremu
keywords: Healthy neonates; Ibadan; Nigeria; Testicular volume; Ultrasonographic estimation