title: Genetics, realized heritability and possible mechanism of chlorfenapyr resistance in Oxycarenus hyalinipennis (Lygaeidae: Hemiptera).
abstract: Dusky cotton bug (DCB), Oxycarenus hyalinipennis (Lygaeidae: Hemiptera) is a serious pest of cotton and other malvaceous plants. Chlorfenapyr, a broad spectrum, N-substituted, halogenated pyrrole insecticide is used extensively to control many insect pests in cotton, including DCB. In this study, we investigated a field strain of DCB to assess its potential to develop resistance to chlorfenapyr. After six generations of continuous selection pressure with chlorfenapyr, DCB had a 7.24-fold and 149.06-fold resistance ratio (RR) at G1and G6,respectively. The genetic basis of inheritance of chlorfenapyr resistance was also studied by crossing the chlorfenapyr selected (Chlorfenapyr-SEL) and laboratory population (Lab-PK). Results revealed an autosomal and incompletely dominant mode of inheritance for chlorfenapyr resistance in the Chlorfenapyr-SEL population of DCB. The results of the monogenic model test showed chlorfenapyr resistance was controlled by multiple genes. Estimated realized heritability for chlorfenapyr resistance in the tested DCB strain was 0.123. Synergism bioassays with piperonyl butoxide and S, S, S-butyl phosphorotrithioate revealed chlorfenapyr resistance might be due to esterase activity. These results would be useful for devising an effective resistance management strategy against DCB.
authors.affiliation: Department of Entomology, Faculty of Agricultural Sciences and Technology, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan, Punjab, Pakistan. Electronic address: saif_entomologist@yahoo.com.
authors.forename: Saif
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Ullah
authors.affiliation: Department of Entomology, Faculty of Agricultural Sciences and Technology, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan, Punjab, Pakistan. Electronic address: rizwanmustafa20@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Rizwan Mustafa
authors.initials: RM
authors.lastname: Shah
authors.affiliation: Department of Entomology, Faculty of Agricultural Sciences and Technology, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan, Punjab, Pakistan. Electronic address: sarfrazshad@bzu.edu.pk.
authors.forename: Sarfraz Ali
authors.initials: SA
authors.lastname: Shad
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D004950:Esterases / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000378:metabolism; D005260:Female; D020062:Heteroptera / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000235:genetics*; D040582:Inheritance Patterns; D019476:Insect Proteins / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000378:metabolism; D007305:Insecticide Resistance / Q000235:genetics*; D007306:Insecticides / Q000633:toxicity*; D008297:Male; D063086:Organothiophosphates / Q000633:toxicity; D010574:Pesticide Synergists / Q000633:toxicity; D010882:Piperonyl Butoxide / Q000633:toxicity; D011722:Pyrethrins / Q000633:toxicity*
chemical_list: D019476:Insect Proteins; D007306:Insecticides; D063086:Organothiophosphates; D010574:Pesticide Synergists; D011722:Pyrethrins; C006863:butyl phosphorotrithioate; D004950:Esterases; D010882:Piperonyl Butoxide; C436643:chlorfenapyr
keywords: Chlorfenapyr; Dusky cotton bug; Inheritance; Realized heritability; Synergism