title: Effect of hydro-alcoholic extract ofVernonia cinereaLess. against ethylene glycol-induced urolithiasis in rats.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Aim of this study is to evaluate antiurolithiatic potential of whole plant hydro-alcoholic (30:70) extract ofVernonia cinereaLess. in accordance to its claims made in ancient literature and also being one of the ingredients of cystone, a marketed formulation widely used in the management of urolithiasis.
  
  
  METHODS
  To induce urolithiasis, 0.75% v/v ethylene glycol was administered orally for 14 days. The curative dose of 400 mg/kg b.w. and preventive doses of 100, 200, and 400 mg/kg b.w. were administered from 15thto 28thand 1stto 28 days, respectively. Cystone 750 mg/kg b.w. was selected as the reference standard for both curative and preventive doses. On 28thday, urinate of 24 h was collected and subjected for estimation of calcium, oxalate, and phosphates. Serum biochemical and kidney homogenate analysis was done for determination of renal oxalate contents.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The diseased Group II showed marked increase (P< 0.001 vs. normal Group I) in levels of urine calcium, oxalate, and phosphate. Serum creatinine, urea, and uric acid levels were also increased. Histopathological studies of kidney sections revealed significant changes. Treatment with hydro-alcoholic extract ofV. cinereashowed significant (P< 0.01 vs. calculi-induced Group II) dose-dependent activity. A progressive increase in urine output, body weight, and decline in concentrations of stone-forming components such as calcium, oxalates, and phosphates was observed.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  It can be inferred thatV. cinereaLess. is effective in ethylene glycol-induced urolithiasis and may have a potential in preventing and curing urolithiasis.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacognosy and Phytochemistry, K.L.E. University's College of Pharmacy, Belagavi, Karnataka, India; Dr. Prabhakar Kore Basic Science Research Center, K.L.E. University, Belagavi, Karnataka, India.
authors.forename: Ravindra D
authors.initials: RD
authors.lastname: Hiremath
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacognosy and Phytochemistry, K.L.E. University's College of Pharmacy, Belagavi, Karnataka, India; Dr. Prabhakar Kore Basic Science Research Center, K.L.E. University, Belagavi, Karnataka, India.
authors.forename: Sunil S
authors.initials: SS
authors.lastname: Jalalpure
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D000431:Ethanol / Q000737:chemistry; D019855:Ethylene Glycol; D005260:Female; D007668:Kidney / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000473:pathology; D007677:Kidney Function Tests; D007928:Lethal Dose 50; D008297:Male; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000627:therapeutic use* / Q000633:toxicity; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D023382:Toxicity Tests, Acute; D052878:Urolithiasis / Q000097:blood / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000652:urine; D035741:Vernonia / Q000737:chemistry*; D014867:Water / Q000737:chemistry
chemical_list: D010936:Plant Extracts; D014867:Water; D000431:Ethanol; D019855:Ethylene Glycol
keywords: Antiurolithiatic; Vernonia cinerea Less; cystone; ethylene glycol-induced urolithiasis