title: Dynamic optical contrast imaging as a novel modality for rapidly distinguishing head and neck squamous cell carcinoma from surrounding normal tissue.
abstract: Head and neck squamous cell carcinomas (HNSCCs) are debilitating diseases for which a patient's prognosis depends heavily on complete tumor resection. Currently, the surgeon's fingers determine the location of tissue margins. This study evaluated the diagnostic utility of a novel imaging modality, dynamic optical contrast imaging (DOCI), in the detection of HNSCC. This system generates contrast by illuminating the tissue with pulsed light and detecting variations in endogenous fluorophore lifetimes.
  
  
  
  A total of 47 fresh ex vivo samples from 15 patients were imaged with the DOCI system immediately after surgical resection. DOCI maps were analyzed to determine the statistical significance of contrast between tumors and adjacent nonmalignant tissue. Pilot intraoperative clinical data were also acquired.
  
  
  
  Statistical significance (P < .05) between muscle and tumor was established for 10 of 10 emission wavelengths, between collagen and tumor for 8 of 10 emission wavelengths, and between fat and tumor for 2 of 10 wavelengths. The system extracted relative fluorescence decay information in a surgically relevant field of view in <2 minutes.
  
  
  
  This study demonstrates the feasibility of using DOCI to rapidly and accurately distinguish HNSCC from surrounding normal tissue. An analysis of DOCI images revealed microscopic characterization sufficient for tissue-type identification consistent with histology. Such an intraoperative tool would be transformative by allowing the rapid delineation of tumor tissue from nontumor tissue and thus maximizing the efficacy of resection and improving patient outcomes. Cancer 2017;123:879-86. © 2016 American Cancer Society.
authors.affiliation: Department of Head and Neck Surgery, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California.|Head and Neck Cancer Program, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California.
authors.forename: Bobby A
authors.initials: BA
authors.lastname: Tajudeen
authors.affiliation: Head and Neck Cancer Program, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California.|Department of Bioengineering, Henry Samueli School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California.|Department of Surgery, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California.
authors.forename: Zachary D
authors.initials: ZD
authors.lastname: Taylor
authors.affiliation: Department of Bioengineering, Henry Samueli School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California.
authors.forename: James
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Garritano
authors.affiliation: Department of Bioengineering, Henry Samueli School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California.
authors.forename: Harrison
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Cheng
authors.affiliation: Department of Bioengineering, Henry Samueli School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California.
authors.forename: Aidan
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Pearigen
authors.affiliation: Department of Bioengineering, Henry Samueli School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California.
authors.forename: Adria J
authors.initials: AJ
authors.lastname: Sherman
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California.
authors.forename: Fernando
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Palma-Diaz
authors.affiliation: Department of Bioengineering, Henry Samueli School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California.
authors.forename: Pratik
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Mishra
authors.affiliation: Department of Bioengineering, Henry Samueli School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California.
authors.forename: Siddharth
authors.identifier: 0000-0002-2162-4053
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Bhargava
authors.affiliation: Department of Head and Neck Surgery, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California.|Head and Neck Cancer Program, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California.
authors.forename: Julianna
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Pesce
authors.affiliation: Department of Head and Neck Surgery, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California.|Head and Neck Cancer Program, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California.
authors.forename: Irene
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.affiliation: Department of Head and Neck Surgery, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California.|Head and Neck Cancer Program, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California.
authors.forename: Christine
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Sebastian
authors.affiliation: Department of Head and Neck Surgery, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California.|Head and Neck Cancer Program, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California.
authors.forename: Ali
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Razfar
authors.affiliation: Department of Electrical Engineering, Henry Samueli School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California.
authors.forename: Asael
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Papour
authors.affiliation: Department of Electrical Engineering, Henry Samueli School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California.
authors.forename: Oscar
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Stafsudd
authors.affiliation: Department of Bioengineering, Henry Samueli School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California.|Department of Surgery, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California.|Department of Electrical Engineering, Henry Samueli School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California.
authors.forename: Warren
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Grundfest
authors.affiliation: Department of Head and Neck Surgery, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California.|Head and Neck Cancer Program, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California.|Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California.
authors.forename: Maie
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: St John
mesh_terms: D002294:Carcinoma, Squamous Cell / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery; D003952:Diagnostic Imaging / Q000379:methods*; D006258:Head and Neck Neoplasms / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery; D006801:Humans; D061848:Optical Imaging / Q000379:methods*; D000077195:Squamous Cell Carcinoma of Head and Neck
keywords: diagnostic imaging; head and neck cancer; intraoperative imaging; tumor imaging