title: Evaluation of Chlorfluazuron Against Subterranean Termites Heterotermes indicola (Isoptera: Rhinotermitidae) in Pakistan.
abstract: Baiting systems have been introduced using slow-acting bait toxicants to provide environment-friendly and target-specific termite management. In the present study, the Exterra termite bait system (USA) with chlorfluazuron, a chitin synthesis inhibitor, as the active ingredient was tested against termite colonies. Ten residential areas of Lahore, infested with subterranean termites were selected for the study. The study period was from 2013 to 2015. In-ground stations were installed at 10 sites and above-ground stations were only installed at four test sites. Requiem termite bait was prepared according to the label instructions. Results showed that the range of termite activity was between 30 and 214 d to first termite activity on underground monitors with a mean of 78.23 ± 6.44. Timeline graphs also show activity of termites and active ingredient placement for each of the stations at each site. As termite feeding activity in the stations increased, there was a decrease in termite activities in wooden structures, followed by cessation of termite feeding and foraging activity noted in the building structures. It was concluded that a termite baiting system in Pakistan has the potential to suppress and reduce termite populations, when foraging termites feed on the active ingredient and share with nest mates through trophallaxis by installing more bait stations and prolonging baiting period.
authors.forename: Farkhanda
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Manzoor
authors.affiliation: Department of Zoology, Lahore College for Women University, Lahore, Pakistan (doc_farkhanda@yahoo.com; mahnoorentomology@gmail.com).
authors.forename: Mahnoor
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Pervez
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002482:Cellulose / Q000008:administration & dosage; D004032:Diet; D007300:Insect Control; D007306:Insecticides; D020049:Isoptera; D007605:Juvenile Hormones; D010154:Pakistan; D010671:Phenylurea Compounds; D011725:Pyridines
chemical_list: D007306:Insecticides; D007605:Juvenile Hormones; D010671:Phenylurea Compounds; D011725:Pyridines; D002482:Cellulose; C057223:chlorfluazuron
keywords: Heterotermes indicola; bait toxicant; chitin synthesis inhibitor