title: TYPE 3 NEOVASCULARIZATION IMAGED WITH CROSS-SECTIONAL AND EN FACE OPTICAL COHERENCE TOMOGRAPHY ANGIOGRAPHY.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To study the cross-sectional and en face optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA) findings in Type 3 neovascularization (NV).
  
  
  METHODS
  Optical coherence tomography angiography imaging of 27 eyes of 23 patients with Type 3 NV was analyzed with 9 eyes having consecutive follow-up OCTA studies.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Type 3 NV appeared as a linear high-flow structure on cross-sectional OCTA corresponding to a high-flow tuft of vessels seen on en face OCTA. Cross-sectional OCTA seemed to enable the distinction between vascular and nonvascular intraretinal hyperreflective foci. Two patterns of flow were observed; Pattern 1 (11%): a flow signal confined to the neurosensory retina and Pattern 2 (74%): a flow signal extending through the retinal pigment epithelium. No definitive retinal-choroidal anastomosis was observed; however, projection artifacts confounded the interpretation of deeper structures. An increase in the intensity of the high-flow tuft was seen during the progression or recurrence of Type 3 NV. Intravitreal anti-vascular endothelial growth factor therapy caused a reduction in the intensity of the high-flow tuft which was not sustained.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Compared with conventional imaging, OCTA may improve detection and delineation of vascular changes occurring in Type 3 NV. Cross-sectional and en face OCTA may prove useful in studying the pathogenesis and guiding the management of these lesions.
authors.affiliation: *Vitreous Retina Macula Consultants of New York, New York, New York; †LuEsther T Mertz Retinal Research Center, Manhattan, Eye, Ear and Throat Hospital, New York, New York; ‡Singapore National Eye Center/Singapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore, Singapore; §Moorfield Eye Hospital, London, United Kingdom; ¶Truhlsen Eye Institute, University of Nebraska, Omaha, Nebraska; **Stein Eye Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, California; ††Greater Los Angeles VA Healthcare Center, Los Angeles, California; and ‡‡Department of Ophthalmology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, New York.
authors.forename: Anna C S
authors.initials: AC
authors.lastname: Tan
authors.forename: Kunal K
authors.initials: KK
authors.lastname: Dansingani
authors.forename: Lawrence A
authors.initials: LA
authors.lastname: Yannuzzi
authors.forename: David
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Sarraf
authors.forename: K Bailey
authors.initials: KB
authors.lastname: Freund
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D002829:Choroid / Q000098:blood supply; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D005260:Female; D005451:Fluorescein Angiography; D006801:Humans; D021621:Imaging, Three-Dimensional / Q000379:methods; D008297:Male; D015861:Retinal Neovascularization / Q000145:classification / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000473:pathology; D055213:Retinal Pigment Epithelium / Q000473:pathology; D012171:Retinal Vessels / Q000473:pathology; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D041623:Tomography, Optical Coherence / Q000379:methods*; D057135:Wet Macular Degeneration / Q000150:complications