title: Quantitation of mitral regurgitation with cardiac magnetic resonance imaging: a systematic review.
abstract: In this review discuss the application of cardiac magnetic resonance (CMR) to the evaluation and quantification of mitral regurgitation and provide a systematic literature review for comparisons with echocardiography. Using the 2015 Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses methodology, we searched Medline and PubMed for original research articles published since 2000 that provided data on the quantification of mitral regurgitation by CMR. We identified 220 articles of which 33 were included. Four main techniques of mitral regurgitation quantification were identified. Reproducibility varied substantially between papers but was high overall for all techniques. However, quantification differed between the techniques studied. When compared with two-dimensional echocardiography, mitral regurgitation fraction and regurgitant volume measured by CMR were comparable but typically lower. CMR has high reproducibility for the quantification of mitral regurgitation in experienced centres, but further technological refinement is needed. An integrated and standardised approach that combines multiple techniques is recommended for optimal reproducibility and precise mitral regurgitation quantification. Definitive outcome studies using CMR as a basis for treatment are lacking but needed.
authors.affiliation: Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA.|Seattle Adult Congenital Heart Service, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, Washington, USA.
authors.forename: Eric V
authors.initials: EV
authors.lastname: Krieger
authors.affiliation: Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA.
authors.forename: James
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.affiliation: Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA.
authors.forename: Kelley R
authors.initials: KR
authors.lastname: Branch
authors.affiliation: Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA.|Department of Cardiology, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia.|Department of Cardiology, Heart & Lung Institute, The Prince Charles Hospital, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia.
authors.forename: Christian
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Hamilton-Craig
mesh_terms: D004452:Echocardiography; D006439:Hemodynamics; D006801:Humans; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging; D008943:Mitral Valve / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000503:physiopathology; D008944:Mitral Valve Insufficiency / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000628:therapy; D015588:Observer Variation; D011237:Predictive Value of Tests; D011379:Prognosis; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D012720:Severity of Illness Index