title: Ceratonia siliqua L. (immature carob bean) inhibits intestinal glucose absorption, improves glucose tolerance and protects against alloxan-induced diabetes in rat.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  This study was designed to investigate the effects of immature carob pod aqueous extract (ICPAE) on intestinal glucose absorption in vitro and in vivo using an oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) as well as the potential antidiabetic effect in alloxan-induced diabetic rats. OGTT was carried by administration of glucose (2 g kg-1, p.o.) and after treatment with extract (50, 100 and 200 mg kg-1body weight). Diabetes was induced by single intraperitoneal injection of alloxan (150 mg kg-1). However, the extracts at various doses or glibenclamide (GLB, 10 mg kg-1body weight) were given by oral administration for 2 weeks.
  
  
  RESULTS
  ICPAE (50-2000 µg mL-1) exerted dose-dependent reduction of sodium-dependent glucose transport across isolated mice jejunum and the maximal inhibition exceeded 50%.The ICPAE treatment improved glucose tolerance. More importantly, ICPAE at various doses showed a significant reduction in blood glucose and biochemical profiles in diabetic rats.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our findings confirm that the degree of maturity of carob characterized by a different phytochemical composition may be responsible for these actions. Therefore, these compounds may be used as a food supplement in hyperglycemia and diabetes treatments. © 2016 Society of Chemical Industry.
authors.affiliation: Laboratoire de Neurophysiologie Fonctionnelle et Pathologies, Département des Sciences Biologiques, Faculté des Sciences de Tunis, 2092 Tunis, Tunisia.|Laboratoire de Nutrition et Physiologie Animale, Institut Supérieur de Biotechnologie de Béja, BP, 382-9000 Béja, Tunisia.
authors.forename: Kaïs
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Rtibi
authors.affiliation: Laboratoire de Nutrition et Physiologie Animale, Institut Supérieur de Biotechnologie de Béja, BP, 382-9000 Béja, Tunisia.
authors.forename: Slimen
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Selmi
authors.affiliation: Laboratoire de Nutrition et Physiologie Animale, Institut Supérieur de Biotechnologie de Béja, BP, 382-9000 Béja, Tunisia.
authors.forename: Dhekra
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Grami
authors.affiliation: Laboratoire de Nutrition et Physiologie Animale, Institut Supérieur de Biotechnologie de Béja, BP, 382-9000 Béja, Tunisia.
authors.forename: Khouloud
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Saidani
authors.affiliation: Laboratoire de Nutrition et Physiologie Animale, Institut Supérieur de Biotechnologie de Béja, BP, 382-9000 Béja, Tunisia.
authors.forename: Hichem
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Sebai
authors.affiliation: Laboratoire de Neurophysiologie Fonctionnelle et Pathologies, Département des Sciences Biologiques, Faculté des Sciences de Tunis, 2092 Tunis, Tunisia.
authors.forename: Mohamed
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Amri
authors.affiliation: Laboratoires TransCell-Lab, Faculté de Médecine Xavier Bichât, 75018 Paris, France.
authors.forename: Bruno
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Eto
authors.affiliation: Laboratoire de Neurophysiologie Fonctionnelle et Pathologies, Département des Sciences Biologiques, Faculté des Sciences de Tunis, 2092 Tunis, Tunisia.|Laboratoire de Nutrition et Physiologie Animale, Institut Supérieur de Biotechnologie de Béja, BP, 382-9000 Béja, Tunisia.
authors.forename: Lamjed
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Marzouki
mesh_terms: D000496:Alloxan / Q000009:adverse effects; D000818:Animals; D003921:Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental / Q000178:diet therapy / Q000378:metabolism / Q000503:physiopathology* / Q000517:prevention & control*; D007887:Fabaceae / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism*; D005947:Glucose / Q000378:metabolism*; D005951:Glucose Tolerance Test; D006801:Humans; D007408:Intestinal Absorption; D007413:Intestinal Mucosa / Q000378:metabolism*; D051379:Mice; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar
chemical_list: D000496:Alloxan; D005947:Glucose
keywords: Ussing chamber; absorption; diabetes; glucose; immature carob pods; rat