title: Olmesartan, an angiotensin II receptor blocker inhibits the progression of cataract formation in cadmium chloride induced hypertensive albino rats.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Previously we found that cadmium chloride (CdCl2) exposure substantially elevates hypertension and potentiates cataract formation. In the present study, we investigated the protective effects of olmesartan, an angiotensin II receptor blocker against cataractogenesis in the CdCl2-induced hypertensive animal model.
  
  
  METHODS
  Male Sprague-Dawley albino rats (150-180g) were randomly selected and assigned to four groups (n=6). Among the four groups, one group (normal) received 0.3% carboxymethyl cellulose (10ml/kg/day, p.o.), another group (CdCl2control) received CdCl2(0.5mg/kg/day, i.p.), and remaining two groups received olmesartan at two doses level (2 and 4mg/kg/day, p.o.) concurrently with CdCl2for six consecutive weeks. Blood pressure and cataract formation were examined biweekly, and pathophysiological parameters in serum and eye lenses were evaluated after six weeks of the experimental protocol.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The olmesartan treatment significantly restored the blood pressure, lenticular opacity, serum and lens antioxidants (catalase, superoxide dismutase, glutathione peroxidase, and glutathione reduced), and malondialdehyde level. Additionally, it significantly restored the proteins, ions (Na+, K+, and Ca2+), and ATPase pumps activity (Na+K+ATPase and Ca2+ATPase) in the lens as compared to CdCl2control group.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The findings demonstrate that olmesartan potentially inhibits the risk of cataract formation in the hypertensive state via restoration of lenticular oxidative stress, ATPase function, and ionic contents in the eye lenses. The results suggest that angiotensin II receptor blockers play an important role to prevent cataract formation in several pathogenic conditions like hypertension, diabetes, and oxidative stress.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guru Ghasidas Vishwavidyalaya (A Central University), Bilaspur, Chhattisgarh 495009, India.
authors.forename: Rajesh
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Choudhary
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guru Ghasidas Vishwavidyalaya (A Central University), Bilaspur, Chhattisgarh 495009, India. Electronic address: drbodakhe@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Surendra H
authors.initials: SH
authors.lastname: Bodakhe
mesh_terms: D047228:Angiotensin II Type 1 Receptor Blockers / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D000818:Animals; D000959:Antihypertensive Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D019256:Cadmium Chloride; D002386:Cataract / Q000209:etiology* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology / Q000517:prevention & control*; D006973:Hypertension / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000150:complications* / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000378:metabolism; D007093:Imidazoles / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D007908:Lens, Crystalline / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D008297:Male; D018384:Oxidative Stress / Q000187:drug effects; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D013777:Tetrazoles / Q000627:therapeutic use*
chemical_list: D047228:Angiotensin II Type 1 Receptor Blockers; D000959:Antihypertensive Agents; D007093:Imidazoles; D013777:Tetrazoles; C437965:olmesartan; D019256:Cadmium Chloride
keywords: Angiotensin II receptor blocker; Cadmium chloride; Cadmium chloride (PubChem CID: 24947); Cataract; Hypertension; Olmesartan; Olmesartan medoxomil (PubChem CID: 130881); Oxidative stress