title: Isolation, identification and characterization of Paenibacillus polymyxa CR1 with potentials for biopesticide, biofertilization, biomass degradation and biofuel production.
abstract: Paenibacillus polymyxa is a plant-growth promoting rhizobacterium that could be exploited as an environmentally friendlier alternative to chemical fertilizers and pesticides. Various strains have been isolated that can benefit agriculture through antimicrobial activity, nitrogen fixation, phosphate solubilization, plant hormone production, or lignocellulose degradation. However, no single strain has yet been identified in which all of these advantageous traits have been confirmed.
  
  
  
  P. polymyxa CR1 was isolated from degrading corn roots from southern Ontario, Canada. It was shown to possess in vitro antagonistic activities against the common plant pathogens Phytophthora sojae P6497 (oomycete), Rhizoctonia solani 1809 (basidiomycete fungus), Cylindrocarpon destructans 2062 (ascomycete fungus), Pseudomonas syringae DC3000 (bacterium), and Xanthomonas campestris 93-1 (bacterium), as well as Bacillus cereus (bacterium), an agent of food-borne illness. P. polymyxa CR1 enhanced growth of maize, potato, cucumber, Arabidopsis, and tomato plants; utilized atmospheric nitrogen and insoluble phosphorus; produced the phytohormone indole-3-acetic acid (IAA); and degraded and utilized the major components of lignocellulose (lignin, cellulose, and hemicellulose).
  
  
  
  P. polymyxa CR1 has multiple beneficial traits that are relevant to sustainable agriculture and the bio-economy. This strain could be developed for field application in order to control pathogens, promote plant growth, and degrade crop residues after harvest.
authors.affiliation: London Research and Development Centre, Agriculture & Agri-Food Canada, 1391 Sandford Street, London, ON, N5V 4T3, Canada.
authors.forename: Brian
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Weselowski
authors.affiliation: London Research and Development Centre, Agriculture & Agri-Food Canada, 1391 Sandford Street, London, ON, N5V 4T3, Canada.|Department of Biology, Biological and Geological Sciences Building, University of Western Ontario, London, ON, N6A 5B7, Canada.
authors.forename: Naeem
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Nathoo
authors.affiliation: London Research and Development Centre, Agriculture & Agri-Food Canada, 1391 Sandford Street, London, ON, N5V 4T3, Canada.|Department of Microbiology & Immunology, Dental Science Building Rm. 3014, University of Western Ontario, London, ON, N6A 5C1, Canada.
authors.forename: Alexander William
authors.initials: AW
authors.lastname: Eastman
authors.affiliation: Department of Microbiology & Immunology, Dental Science Building Rm. 3014, University of Western Ontario, London, ON, N6A 5C1, Canada.
authors.forename: Jacqueline
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: MacDonald
authors.affiliation: London Research and Development Centre, Agriculture & Agri-Food Canada, 1391 Sandford Street, London, ON, N5V 4T3, Canada. zyuan27@uwo.ca.|Department of Microbiology & Immunology, Dental Science Building Rm. 3014, University of Western Ontario, London, ON, N6A 5C1, Canada. zyuan27@uwo.ca.
authors.forename: Ze-Chun
authors.initials: ZC
authors.lastname: Yuan
mesh_terms: D000383:Agriculture; D000898:Antibiosis; D017360:Arabidopsis / Q000254:growth & development / Q000382:microbiology; D001203:Ascomycota / Q000472:pathogenicity; D001409:Bacillus cereus / Q000472:pathogenicity; D056804:Biofuels / Q000382:microbiology*; D061046:Biological Control Agents; D018533:Biomass; D002170:Canada; D018553:Cucumis sativus / Q000254:growth & development / Q000382:microbiology; D005308:Fertilizers / Q000382:microbiology*; D007210:Indoleacetic Acids / Q000378:metabolism / Q000494:pharmacology; D008031:Lignin / Q000378:metabolism; D018551:Solanum lycopersicum / Q000254:growth & development / Q000382:microbiology; D009586:Nitrogen Fixation; D000070057:Paenibacillus polymyxa / Q000235:genetics / Q000302:isolation & purification* / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000502:physiology*; D010572:Pest Control, Biological; D010758:Phosphorus / Q000378:metabolism; D010802:Phylogeny; D010838:Phytophthora / Q000472:pathogenicity; D010935:Plant Diseases / Q000382:microbiology / Q000517:prevention & control; D010937:Plant Growth Regulators / Q000494:pharmacology; D018517:Plant Roots / Q000382:microbiology; D044224:Pseudomonas syringae / Q000472:pathogenicity; D012336:RNA, Ribosomal, 16S / Q000235:genetics; D012232:Rhizoctonia / Q000472:pathogenicity; D012988:Soil Microbiology; D011198:Solanum tuberosum / Q000254:growth & development / Q000382:microbiology; D016959:Xanthomonas campestris / Q000472:pathogenicity; D003313:Zea mays / Q000254:growth & development / Q000382:microbiology
chemical_list: D056804:Biofuels; D061046:Biological Control Agents; D005308:Fertilizers; D007210:Indoleacetic Acids; D010937:Plant Growth Regulators; D012336:RNA, Ribosomal, 16S; C036909:lignocellulose; D010758:Phosphorus; C030737:indoleacetic acid; D008031:Lignin
keywords: PGPR; Paenibacillus polymyxa; antagonism; biocontrol; biofertilizer; biological nitrogen fixation; biomass degradation; biopesticide; diazotroph; plant growth promotion