title: Target molecules in 3T3-L1 adipocytes differentiation are regulated by maslinic acid, a natural triterpene from Olea europaea.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Metabolic syndrome is a set of pathologies among which stand out the obesity, which is related to the lipid droplet accumulation and changes to cellular morphology regulated by several molecules and transcription factors. Maslinic acid (MA) is a natural product with demonstrated pharmacological functions including anti-inflammation, anti-tumor and anti-oxidation, among others.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  Here we report the effects of MA on the adipogenesis process in 3T3-L1 cells.
  
  
  METHODS
  Cell viability, glucose uptake, cytoplasmic triglyceride droplets, triglycerides quantification, gene transcription factors such as peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ (PPARγ) and adipocyte fatty acid-binding protein (aP2) and intracellular Ca2+levels were determined in pre-adipocytes and adipocytes of 3T3-L1 cells.
  
  
  RESULTS
  MA increased glucose uptake. MA also decreased lipid droplets and triglyceride levels, which is in concordance with the down-regulation of PPARγ and aP2. Finally, MA increased the intracellular Ca2+concentration, which could also be involved in the demonstrated antiadipogenic effect of this triterpene.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  MA has been demonstrated as potential antiadipogenic compound in 3T3-L1 cells.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology I, Faculty of Sciences, University of Granada, 18071 Granada, Spain; Department of i+D+I, Biomaslinic S.L., Polígono Industrial de Escúzar, 18130 Granada, Spain. Electronic address: calaya@ugr.es.
authors.forename: Amalia
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Pérez-Jiménez
authors.affiliation: Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology I, Faculty of Sciences, University of Granada, 18071 Granada, Spain; Pfizer Pharmaceutical-University of Granada-Government of Andalusian, Centre of Genomic and Oncologic Investigation (GENyO), Technological Park of Health Sciences, 18016 Granada, Spain. Electronic address: evaevae@ugr.es.
authors.forename: Eva E
authors.initials: EE
authors.lastname: Rufino-Palomares
authors.affiliation: Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology I, Faculty of Sciences, University of Granada, 18071 Granada, Spain.
authors.forename: Nieves
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Fernández-Gallego
authors.affiliation: Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology I, Faculty of Sciences, University of Granada, 18071 Granada, Spain.
authors.forename: M Carmen
authors.initials: MC
authors.lastname: Ortuño-Costela
authors.affiliation: Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology I, Faculty of Sciences, University of Granada, 18071 Granada, Spain.
authors.forename: Fernando J
authors.initials: FJ
authors.lastname: Reyes-Zurita
authors.affiliation: Department of Experimental Biology, Biochemistry Section, Faculty of Experimental Biology, University of Jaén, 23071 Jaén, Spain.
authors.forename: Juan
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Peragón
authors.affiliation: Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology I, Faculty of Sciences, University of Granada, 18071 Granada, Spain.
authors.forename: Leticia
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: García-Salguero
authors.affiliation: Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology I, Faculty of Sciences, University of Granada, 18071 Granada, Spain; Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, Mohammed I University, BP 717 60000 Oujda, Morocco.
authors.forename: Khalida
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Mokhtari
authors.affiliation: Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology I, Faculty of Sciences, University of Granada, 18071 Granada, Spain; Pfizer Pharmaceutical-University of Granada-Government of Andalusian, Centre of Genomic and Oncologic Investigation (GENyO), Technological Park of Health Sciences, 18016 Granada, Spain.
authors.forename: Pedro P
authors.initials: PP
authors.lastname: Medina
authors.affiliation: Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology I, Faculty of Sciences, University of Granada, 18071 Granada, Spain. Electronic address: jlcara@ugr.es.
authors.forename: José A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Lupiáñez
mesh_terms: D041721:3T3-L1 Cells; D017667:Adipocytes / Q000187:drug effects*; D050156:Adipogenesis / Q000187:drug effects*; D000818:Animals; D002118:Calcium / Q000378:metabolism; D002454:Cell Differentiation / Q000187:drug effects*; D002470:Cell Survival / Q000187:drug effects; D050556:Fatty Acid-Binding Proteins / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000235:genetics; D005947:Glucose / Q000378:metabolism; D051379:Mice; D031658:Olea / Q000737:chemistry*; D047495:PPAR gamma / Q000235:genetics; D012313:RNA / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000235:genetics; D014280:Triglycerides / Q000378:metabolism; D014315:Triterpenes / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology*; D009828:Oleanolic Acid / Q000031:analogs & derivatives
chemical_list: D002118:Calcium; D050556:Fatty Acid-Binding Proteins; D005947:Glucose; D047495:PPAR gamma; D012313:RNA; D014280:Triglycerides; D014315:Triterpenes; C493411:Fabp4 protein, mouse; C412811:maslinic acid; D009828:Oleanolic Acid
keywords: Adipogenesis; Glucose uptake; Maslinic acid; PPARγ and aP2 transcription factors; Triglycerides