title: Grape yield and quality responses to simulated year 2100 expected climatic conditions under different soil textures.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The influence of global warming on grape quality is a great concern among grapegrowers and enologists. The effects of simulated year 2100 expected CO2, temperature and relative humidity (RH) conditions (FCC; 700 µmol CO2mol-1air, 28/18 °C day/night and 33/53% RH, day/night) versus the current situation (Curr; 390 µmol CO2mol-1air, 24/14 °C and 45/65% RH); well-irrigated versus expected future water deficit and three soils with different clay contents (41, 19 and 8%) on yield and berry quality of grapevine cv. Tempranillo were evaluated.
  
  
  RESULTS
  FCC shortened the time between fruit set and veraison and between fruit set and maturity by up to 7 and 10 days, respectively. This faster maturity led to higher must pH and tonality and reduced malic and tartaric acid concentrations, total anthocyanin concentration and colour intensity. Water deficit delayed ripeness for up to 9 days and reduced vegetative growth and malic acid concentration of grapes. However, this malic acid reduction did not occur with the clayey soils. These soils induced the lowest root fresh weight and berries with lower total anthocyanin concentration.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Among the adaptation techniques to cope with the described effects on fruit composition, soil selection should be considered with attention in addition to irrigation practices. © 2016 Society of Chemical Industry.
authors.affiliation: Neiker-Tecnalia, Plant Production Department, Bizkaia Technological Park 812, Berreaga St. 1, E-48160 Derio, Bizkaia, Spain.
authors.forename: Urtzi
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: Leibar
authors.affiliation: Universidad de Navarra, Plant Stress Physiology Group (Environmental Biology Department), Associated Unit to CSIC, EEAD, Zaragoza and ICVV, Logroño, Faculties of Sciences and Pharmacy, Irunlarrea 1, E-31008 Pamplona, Navarra, Spain.
authors.forename: Inmaculada
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Pascual
authors.affiliation: CSIC, Department of Plant Nutrition, Aula Dei Experimental Station, PO Box 13034, 50080 Zaragoza, Spain.
authors.forename: Fermín
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Morales
authors.affiliation: Neiker-Tecnalia, Plant Production Department, Bizkaia Technological Park 812, Berreaga St. 1, E-48160 Derio, Bizkaia, Spain.
authors.forename: Ana
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Aizpurua
authors.affiliation: Neiker-Tecnalia, Plant Production Department, Bizkaia Technological Park 812, Berreaga St. 1, E-48160 Derio, Bizkaia, Spain.
authors.forename: Olatz
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Unamunzaga
mesh_terms: D000872:Anthocyanins / Q000032:analysis; D057231:Climate Change; D005638:Fruit / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000254:growth & development; D008293:Malates / Q000032:analysis; D011786:Quality Control; D012987:Soil / Q000737:chemistry*; D013696:Temperature; D027843:Vitis / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000254:growth & development; D014920:Wine / Q000032:analysis
chemical_list: D000872:Anthocyanins; D008293:Malates; D012987:Soil; C030298:malic acid
keywords: climate change; grape colour; malic acid; soil clay content; water deficit