title: Using single or multiple liquor-donor cows for in vitro digestibility of amylase- and sodium sulfite-treated neutral detergent fiber with ash correction.
abstract: In vitro methods requiring ruminal microorganisms to ferment and digest feeds have been used for decades. Though commonly accepted, collecting and pooling rumen fluid from different donor animals to avoid individual characteristics could affect in vitro fermentations. The current study evaluated the effects of individual or pooled liquors on in vitro digestibility of amylase- and sodium sulfite-treated NDF with ash correction (aNDFom). The study was conducted on 24 samples (8 alfalfa hays, 8 grass hays, and 8 corn silages). The 3 donor animals (treatment 1, 2, and 3) were selected based on similar body weights, parity, days in milk, milk production, and milk composition. Samples were digested in vitro via inoculation of different rumen fluid at different time points (12, 24, 72, and 120h). An equal amount of each liquor collected was sampled and equally mixed with the others to obtain treatment 4. For the alfalfa hay group, differences were observed at 12 (29.95, 27.07, 29.02, and 32.55% aNDFom for treatments 1, 2, 3, and 4, respectively) and 24h (37.35, 35.54, 36.44, and 40.56% aNDFom for treatments 1, 2, 3, and 4, respectively). The inoculum source did not affect in vitro digestibility over longer time periods (72 and 120 h). Similar results were observed in the grass hay group, in which the mixed inoculum had greater digestibility values at both 12 (28.86, 26.89, 27.88, and 30.92% aNDFom for treatments 1, 2, 3, and 4, respectively) and 24h (37.35, 35.54, 36.44, and 40.56% aNDFom for treatment 1, 2, 3, and 4, respectively), but not over longer time periods. For the corn silage group, we observed differences for treatment 4 only at 12h (35.78, 33.87, 34.83, and 37.80% aNDFom for treatment 1, 2, 3, and 4, respectively). These results underline the differences among donor animals, especially when evaluating short incubation time points, and that pooling rumen contents is not equal to averaging across individual animals. Reported data require a deeper investigation on whether or not the method of inoculating a pool of rumen contents represents the actual ability of the animal to digest fiber.
authors.affiliation: Department of Veterinary Medicine, Università di Bologna, 40064 Bologna, Italy. Electronic address: alberto.palmonari2@unibo.it.
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Palmonari
authors.affiliation: Department of Veterinary Medicine, Università di Bologna, 40064 Bologna, Italy.
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Canestrari
authors.affiliation: Department of Veterinary Medicine, Università di Bologna, 40064 Bologna, Italy.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Fustini
authors.affiliation: Department of Veterinary Medicine, Università di Bologna, 40064 Bologna, Italy.
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Bonfante
authors.affiliation: Department of Veterinary Medicine, Università di Bologna, 40064 Bologna, Italy.
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Mammi
authors.affiliation: Department of Veterinary Medicine, Università di Bologna, 40064 Bologna, Italy.
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Formigoni
mesh_terms: D000681:Amylases / Q000378:metabolism; D000818:Animals; D002417:Cattle; D004032:Diet / Q000662:veterinary; D004043:Dietary Fiber; D004063:Digestion / Q000187:drug effects; D005260:Female; D005285:Fermentation; D007774:Lactation / Q000187:drug effects; D012417:Rumen / Q000378:metabolism*; D012820:Silage; D013447:Sulfites / Q000378:metabolism; D003313:Zea mays
chemical_list: D004043:Dietary Fiber; D013447:Sulfites; D000681:Amylases; C025026:sodium sulfite
keywords: amylase-treated ash-corrected neutral detergent fiber with addition of sodium sulfite digestibility; in vitro fermentation; rumen inoculum