title: Mucosal and systemic immune modulation by Trichuris trichiura in a self-infected individual.
abstract: Helminthic therapy of immune-mediated diseases has gained attention in recent years, but we know little of how helminths modulate human immunity. In this study, we investigated how self-infection with Trichuris (T.) trichiura in an adult man without intestinal disease affected mucosal and systemic immunity. Colonic mucosal biopsies were obtained at baseline, during T. trichiura infection, and after its clearance following mebendazole treatment. Unexpectedly, the volunteer experienced a Campylobacter colitis following T. trichiura clearance, and this served as a positive infectious control. Trichuris trichiura colonization induced equally increased expressions of T-helper (h)1-, Th2-, Th17- and Treg-associated cytokines and transcription factors, measured by quantitative polymerase chain reaction. We observed several indicators of modulation of systemic immunity during the T. trichiura infection. Plasma eosinophils and anti-Trichuris antibodies rose markedly during the inoculation phase, and a shift towards a Th2-dominated T cell response at the expense of the Th1-response was observed in circulating T cells. Taken together, our findings corroborate that helminths modulate regional and systemic human immunity.
authors.affiliation: Department of Hepatology and Gastroenterology, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus C, Denmark.
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Dige
authors.affiliation: Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus C, Denmark.|Department of Rheumatology, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus C, Denmark.
authors.forename: T K
authors.initials: TK
authors.lastname: Rasmussen
authors.affiliation: Department of Veterinary Disease Biology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg C, Denmark.
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Nejsum
authors.affiliation: Section for Pathology, Lillebaelt Hospital, Vejle, Denmark.
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Hagemann-Madsen
authors.affiliation: Department of Veterinary Disease Biology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg C, Denmark.
authors.forename: A R
authors.initials: AR
authors.lastname: Williams
authors.affiliation: Department of Hepatology and Gastroenterology, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus C, Denmark.
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Agnholt
authors.affiliation: Department of Hepatology and Gastroenterology, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus C, Denmark.
authors.forename: J F
authors.initials: JF
authors.lastname: Dahlerup
authors.affiliation: Department of Hepatology and Gastroenterology, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus C, Denmark.
authors.forename: C L
authors.initials: CL
authors.lastname: Hvas
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000818:Animals; D002169:Campylobacter Infections / Q000150:complications; D016207:Cytokines / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D018928:Immunity, Mucosal; D007413:Intestinal Mucosa; D008297:Male; D008463:Mebendazole / Q000627:therapeutic use; D050378:T-Lymphocytes, Regulatory / Q000276:immunology; D014257:Trichuriasis / Q000150:complications / Q000276:immunology*; D014258:Trichuris / Q000276:immunology*
chemical_list: D016207:Cytokines; D008463:Mebendazole
keywords: Trichuris; helminths; immunology; trichiura