title: Gestational diabetes mellitus its association with obesity: a prospective cohort study.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The aim of this study was to investigate the association between pre-pregnancy body mass index (BMI) and gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM).
  
  
  METHODS
  This prospective study was conducted on 256 pregnant women without diabetes referred for prenatal care in the first trimester of pregnancy to two referral University Hospitals (Shariati and Arash Hospitals) during the years 2012 and 2013. Eligible participants were selected consecutively and were followed until delivery and 6 weeks after that. Body weight and fasting plasma glucose were measured in each trimester, and BMI was calculated. Incidence of GDM was recorded, and BMI in this group was compared with those without GDM.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Mean age of women was 28.70 ± 5.57 years and among them, 78 women (30.5 %) developed GDM of which 21 were obese (52.5 %), 25 overweight (27.8 %), and 32 (25.4 %) were normal weight (p = 0.004). Pre-pregnancy obesity (OR 2.74, 95 % CI 1.28-5.88, p = 0.009), family history of diabetes (OR 2.01, 95 % CI 1.13-3.56, p = 0.016), and maternal age more than 30 years (OR 2.20, 95 % CI 1.25-3.88, p = 0.006) were three independent predictors for GDM, and pre-pregnancy obesity was the most potent predictor of GDM.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Women with high BMI and obesity have a significantly higher risk for developing GDM. Pre-pregnancy obesity, family history of diabetes, and age more than 30 years are three independent risk factors for GDM.
authors.affiliation: Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Arash Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
authors.forename: Reihaneh
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Pirjani
authors.affiliation: Endocrinology and Metabolism Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Clinical Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, 5th Floor, Shariati Hospital, North Kargar Ave., Tehran, Iran. nshirzad11@gmail.com.|Department of Endocrinology, Vali-Asr Hospital, Imam Khomeini Complex Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. nshirzad11@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Nooshin
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Shirzad
authors.affiliation: Department of Community Medicine, School of Medicine, Alborz University of Medical Sciences, Karaj, Iran.
authors.forename: Mostafa
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Qorbani
authors.affiliation: Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Arash Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
authors.forename: Mina
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Phelpheli
authors.affiliation: Diabetes Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Clinical Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
authors.forename: Ensieh
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Nasli-Esfahani
authors.affiliation: Diabetes Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Clinical Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
authors.forename: Fatemeh
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Bandarian
authors.affiliation: Department of Endocrinology, Vali-Asr Hospital, Imam Khomeini Complex Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
authors.forename: Mahboubeh
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Hemmatabadi
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D015992:Body Mass Index; D016640:Diabetes, Gestational / Q000209:etiology*; D005260:Female; D005951:Glucose Tolerance Test; D006801:Humans; D008423:Maternal Age; D009765:Obesity / Q000150:complications*; D050177:Overweight / Q000150:complications*; D011247:Pregnancy; D011261:Pregnancy Trimester, First; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012307:Risk Factors; D015430:Weight Gain / Q000502:physiology; D055815:Young Adult
keywords: BMI; Gestational diabetes mellitus; Obesity