title: The association between maternal postnatal depressive symptoms and offspring sleep problems in adolescence.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Sleep problems are associated with increased risk of physical and mental illness. Identifying risk factors is an important method of reducing public health impact. We examined the association between maternal postnatal depression (PND) and offspring adolescent sleep problems.
  
  
  METHODS
  The sample was derived from Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children (ALSPAC) participants. A sample with complete data across all variables was used, with four outcome variables. A sensitivity analysis imputing for missing data was conducted (n = 9633).
  
  
  RESULTS
  PND was associated with increased risk of sleep problems in offspring at ages 16 and 18 years. The most robust effects were sleep problems at 18 years [adjusted odds ratio (OR) for a 1 s.d. increase in PND, 1.26, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.15-1.39, p < 0.001] and waking more often (adjusted OR 1.14, 95% CI 1.05-1.25, p = 0.003). This remained after controlling for confounding variables including antenatal depression and early sleep problems in infancy.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  PND is associated with adolescent offspring sleep problems. Maternal interventions should consider the child's increased risk. Early sleep screening and interventions could be introduced within this group.
authors.affiliation: Centre for Child and Adolescent Health,School of Social and Community Medicine,University of Bristol,Oakfield House,Oakfield Grove,Bristol BS8 2BN,UK.
authors.forename: A K
authors.initials: AK
authors.lastname: Taylor
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry,University of Oxford,Warneford Lane,Oxford OX3 7JX,UK.
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Netsi
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychology,College of Life and Environmental Sciences,University of Exeter,Exeter EX4 4QG,UK.
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: O'Mahen
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry,University of Oxford,Warneford Lane,Oxford OX3 7JX,UK.
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Stein
authors.affiliation: Centre for Child and Adolescent Health,School of Social and Community Medicine,University of Bristol,Oakfield House,Oakfield Grove,Bristol BS8 2BN,UK.
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Evans
authors.affiliation: Centre for Child and Adolescent Health,School of Social and Community Medicine,University of Bristol,Oakfield House,Oakfield Grove,Bristol BS8 2BN,UK.
authors.forename: R M
authors.initials: RM
authors.lastname: Pearson
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D019052:Depression, Postpartum / Q000453:epidemiology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D009035:Mothers / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D012893:Sleep Wake Disorders / Q000453:epidemiology*; D006113:United Kingdom / Q000453:epidemiology
keywords: Adolescence; Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children; maternal depression; sleep