title: Resistance training intensity and volume affect changes in rate of force development in resistance-trained men.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To compare the effects of two different resistance training programs, high intensity (INT) and high volume (VOL), on changes in isometric force (FRC), rate of force development (RFD), and barbell velocity during dynamic strength testing.
  
  
  METHODS
  Twenty-nine resistance-trained men were randomly assigned to either the INT (n = 15, 3-5 RM, 3-min rest interval) or VOL (n = 14, 10-12 RM, 1-min rest interval) training group for 8 weeks. All participants completed a 2-week preparatory phase prior to randomization. Measures of barbell velocity, FRC, and RFD were performed before (PRE) and following (POST) the 8-week training program. Barbell velocity was determined during one-repetition maximum (1RM) testing of the squat (SQ) and bench press (BP) exercises. The isometric mid-thigh pull was used to assess FRC and RFD at specific time bands ranging from 0 to 30, 50, 90, 100, 150, 200, and 250 ms.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Analysis of covariance revealed significant (p < 0.05) group differences in peak FRC, FRC at 30-200 ms, and RFD at 50-90 ms. Significant (p < 0.05) changes in INT but not VOL in peak FRC (INT: 9.2 ± 13.8 %; VOL: -4.3 ± 10.2 %), FRC at 30-200 ms (INT: 12.5-15.8 %; VOL: -1.0 to -4.3 %), and RFD at 50 ms (INT: 78.0 ± 163 %; VOL: -4.1 ± 49.6 %) were observed. A trend (p = 0.052) was observed for RFD at 90 ms (INT: 58.5 ± 115 %; VOL: -3.5 ± 40.1 %). No group differences were observed for the observed changes in barbell velocity.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Results indicate that INT is more advantageous than VOL for improving FRC and RFD, while changes in barbell velocity during dynamic strength testing are similarly improved by both protocols in resistance-trained men.
authors.affiliation: Exercise Science and Sport Management, Kennesaw State University, 520 Parliament Garden Way NW, Kennesaw, GA, 30144, Georgia. gmangine@kennesaw.edu.
authors.forename: Gerald T
authors.initials: GT
authors.lastname: Mangine
authors.affiliation: Institute of Exercise Physiology and Wellness, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL, USA.
authors.forename: Jay R
authors.initials: JR
authors.lastname: Hoffman
authors.affiliation: Institute of Exercise Physiology and Wellness, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL, USA.
authors.forename: Ran
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: Department of Health Professions, Hofstra University, Hempstead, NY, USA.
authors.forename: Adam M
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Gonzalez
authors.affiliation: Institute of Exercise Physiology and Wellness, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL, USA.
authors.forename: Jeremy R
authors.initials: JR
authors.lastname: Townsend
authors.affiliation: Institute of Exercise Physiology and Wellness, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL, USA.
authors.forename: Adam J
authors.initials: AJ
authors.lastname: Wells
authors.affiliation: Institute of Exercise Physiology and Wellness, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL, USA.
authors.forename: Adam R
authors.initials: AR
authors.lastname: Jajtner
authors.affiliation: Institute of Exercise Physiology and Wellness, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL, USA.
authors.forename: Kyle S
authors.initials: KS
authors.lastname: Beyer
authors.affiliation: Institute of Exercise Physiology and Wellness, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL, USA.
authors.forename: Carleigh H
authors.initials: CH
authors.lastname: Boone
authors.affiliation: Institute of Exercise Physiology and Wellness, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL, USA.
authors.forename: Amelia A
authors.initials: AA
authors.lastname: Miramonti
authors.affiliation: Institute of Exercise Physiology and Wellness, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL, USA.
authors.forename: Michael B
authors.initials: MB
authors.lastname: LaMonica
authors.affiliation: Institute of Exercise Physiology and Wellness, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL, USA.
authors.forename: David H
authors.initials: DH
authors.lastname: Fukuda
authors.affiliation: Health and Exercise Science, The College of New Jersey, Ewing, NJ, USA.
authors.forename: Nicholas A
authors.initials: NA
authors.lastname: Ratamess
authors.affiliation: Institute of Exercise Physiology and Wellness, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL, USA.
authors.forename: Jeffrey R
authors.initials: JR
authors.lastname: Stout
mesh_terms: D005260:Female; D000072696:High-Intensity Interval Training / Q000379:methods*; D006801:Humans; D007537:Isometric Contraction / Q000502:physiology*; D008297:Male; D053580:Muscle Strength / Q000502:physiology*; D018482:Muscle, Skeletal / Q000502:physiology*; D005082:Physical Exertion / Q000502:physiology*; D010809:Physical Fitness / Q000502:physiology; D055070:Resistance Training / Q000379:methods*; D055815:Young Adult
keywords: Back squat velocity; Bench press velocity; Isometric strength; Rate of force development