title: Design of a multi-enzyme reaction on an electrode surface for an L-glutamate biofuel anode.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To design and construct a novel bio-anode electrode based on the oxidation of glutamic acid to produce 2-oxoglutarate, generating two electrons from NADH.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Efficient enzyme reaction and electron transfer were observed owing to immobilization of the two enzymes using a mixed self-assembled monolayer. The ratio of the immobilized enzymes was an important factor affecting the efficiency of the system; thus, we quantified the amounts of immobilized enzyme using a quartz crystal microbalance to further evaluate the electrochemical reaction. The electrochemical reaction proceeded efficiently when approximately equimolar amounts of the enzyme were on the electrode. The largest oxidation peak current increase (171 nA) was observed under these conditions.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Efficient multi-enzyme reaction on the electrode surface has been achieved which is applicable for biofuel cell application.
authors.affiliation: Tenure-Track Program for Innovation Research, University of Fukui, Fukui, Japan.
authors.forename: Hiroaki
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Sakamoto
authors.affiliation: Department of Frontier Fiber Technology and Science, Graduate School of Engineering, University of Fukui, Bunkyo 3-9-1, Fukui, 910-8507, Japan.
authors.forename: Tomohiro
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Komatsu
authors.affiliation: Department of Frontier Fiber Technology and Science, Graduate School of Engineering, University of Fukui, Bunkyo 3-9-1, Fukui, 910-8507, Japan.
authors.forename: Koji
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Yamasaki
authors.affiliation: Department of Applied Chemistry and Biotechnology, Graduate School of Engineering, University of Fukui, Fukui, Japan.
authors.forename: Takenori
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Satomura
authors.affiliation: Department of Frontier Fiber Technology and Science, Graduate School of Engineering, University of Fukui, Bunkyo 3-9-1, Fukui, 910-8507, Japan. suyeb10@u-fukui.ac.jp.|Department of Applied Chemistry and Biotechnology, Graduate School of Engineering, University of Fukui, Fukui, Japan. suyeb10@u-fukui.ac.jp.
authors.forename: Shin-Ichiro
authors.initials: SI
authors.lastname: Suye
mesh_terms: D001674:Bioelectric Energy Sources; D056804:Biofuels; D002244:Carbon / Q000378:metabolism; D004566:Electrodes; D004800:Enzymes, Immobilized / Q000378:metabolism*; D018698:Glutamic Acid / Q000378:metabolism*; D009245:NADH Dehydrogenase / Q000378:metabolism; D011394:Proline Oxidase / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D056804:Biofuels; D004800:Enzymes, Immobilized; C009139:pyrolytic carbon; D018698:Glutamic Acid; D002244:Carbon; D011394:Proline Oxidase; D009245:NADH Dehydrogenase
keywords: Biofuel cell; Enzyme immobilization; Hyperthermophile; L-Glutamate; NADH dehydrogenase; Proline dehydrogenase; Pyrobaculum islandicum