title: Preliminary evaluation of indigenous90Y-labelled microspheres for therapy of hepatocellular carcinoma.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Yttrium-90 ( 90 Y)-based radioembolization has been employed to treat hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) as commercial radioactive glass and polymeric resin microspheres. However, in India and other Asian countries, these preparations must be imported and are expensive, validating the need for development of indigenous alternatives. This work was aimed to develop an economically and logistically favourable indigenous alternative to imported radioembolizing agents for HCC therapy.
  
  
  METHODS
  The preparation of 90 Y-labelled Biorex 70 microspheres was optimized and in vitro stability was assessed. Hepatic tumour model was generated in Sprague-Dawley rats by orthotopic implantation of N1S1 rat HCC cell line. In vivo localization and retention of the 90 Y-labelled Biorex 70 microspheres was assessed for seven days, and impact on N1S1 tumour growth was studied by histological examination and biochemical assays.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Under optimal conditions, >95% 90 Y-labelling yield of Biorex70 resin microspheres was obtained, and these showed excellent in vitro stability of labelling (>95%) at seven days. In animal studies, 90 Y-labelled Biorex 70 microspheres were retained (87.72±1.56% retained in liver at 7 days). Rats administered with 90 Y-labelled Biorex 70 microspheres exhibited lower tumour to liver weight ratio, reduced serum alpha-foetoprotein level and greater damage to tumour tissue as compared to controls.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  90 Y-labelled Biorex 70 microspheres showed stable retention in the liver and therapeutic effect on tumour tissue, indicating the potential for further study towards clinical use.
authors.affiliation: Isotope Production & Applications Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Mumbai, India.
authors.forename: Suresh
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Subramanian
authors.affiliation: Isotope Production & Applications Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Mumbai, India.
authors.forename: Usha
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: Pandey
authors.affiliation: Isotope Production & Applications Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Mumbai, India.
authors.forename: Pradip
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Chaudhari
authors.affiliation: Advanced Centre for Treatment, Research & Education in Cancer, Navi Mumbai, India.
authors.forename: Monica
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Tyagi
authors.affiliation: Advanced Centre for Treatment, Research & Education in Cancer, Navi Mumbai, India.
authors.forename: Sanjay
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Gupta
authors.affiliation: Advanced Centre for Treatment, Research & Education in Cancer, Navi Mumbai, India.
authors.forename: Geetanjali
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Singh
authors.affiliation: Isotope Production & Applications Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Mumbai, India.
authors.forename: Ashutosh
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Dash
authors.affiliation: Isotope Production & Applications Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Mumbai, India.
authors.forename: Grace
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Samuel
authors.affiliation: Isotope Production & Applications Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Mumbai, India; Division of Physical & Chemical Sciences, Department of Nuclear Sciences & Applications, International Atomic Energy Agency, 1400 Vienna, Austria, .
authors.forename: Meera
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Venkatesh
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D006528:Carcinoma, Hepatocellular / Q000473:pathology / Q000532:radiotherapy*; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D004621:Embolization, Therapeutic / Q000379:methods; D006801:Humans; D007194:India; D008099:Liver / Q000473:pathology / Q000528:radiation effects; D008113:Liver Neoplasms / Q000473:pathology / Q000532:radiotherapy*; D008863:Microspheres; D009374:Neoplasms, Experimental / Q000473:pathology / Q000532:radiotherapy*; D051381:Rats; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D015021:Yttrium Radioisotopes / Q000627:therapeutic use*
chemical_list: D015021:Yttrium Radioisotopes