title: Does the social gradient remain in the dietary habits of a health-conscious population? A study of Seventh-Day Adventists in West Malaysia.
abstract: Socioeconomic status (SES) is a strong predictor of health, and individuals with higher SES generally have better health than those with lower SES. One of the pathways that SES influences health is through health behaviors, such as dietary intake, and a higher SES has been associated with a better diet. The purpose of this study was to determine whether there was a social gradient in dietary habits among the Seventh-Day Adventists, a group of conservative Christians, where healthy eating is part of the doctrinal teaching.
  
  
  
  Data from a survey of 574 Adventists residing in West Malaysia, aged 18-80 years, were analyzed. Dietary habits were measured using the Nutrition subscale of Health Promoting Lifestyle Profile II.
  
  
  
  Education and income were significantly associated with dietary habits before and after controlling for demographics. There was a gradient of association; a higher level of education and higher income were associated with better dietary habits. However, only education remained significantly associated with dietary habits when the other two socioeconomic variables were included. Employment was not significantly associated with dietary habits before or after controlling for demographic variables and the other two sociodemographic variables.
  
  
  
  This study showed that education is the strongest predictor of healthy diet, and a social gradient in dietary habits still exists even among health-conscious population.
authors.affiliation: Global Public Health, Jeffrey Cheah School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Monash University, Jalan Lagoon Selatan, 46510 Bandar Sunway, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia.
authors.forename: Min Min
authors.initials: MM
authors.lastname: Tan
authors.affiliation: School of Psychology, Australian Catholic University, Banyo QLD 4014, Australia.
authors.forename: Carina K Y
authors.initials: CKY
authors.lastname: Chan
authors.affiliation: Global Public Health, Jeffrey Cheah School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Monash University, Jalan Lagoon Selatan, 46510 Bandar Sunway, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia.
authors.forename: Daniel D
authors.initials: DD
authors.lastname: Reidpath
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D005247:Feeding Behavior / Q000523:psychology; D005260:Female; D015438:Health Behavior; D006306:Health Surveys; D006801:Humans; D008296:Malaysia / Q000453:epidemiology; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D033303:Protestantism / Q000523:psychology; D012923:Social Class; D012959:Socioeconomic Factors; D055815:Young Adult
keywords: Adventists; diet; dietary habits; health behavior; socioeconomic status