title: Activation of heat shock response to treat obese subjects with type 2 diabetes: a prospective, frequency-escalating, randomized, open-label, triple-arm trial.
abstract: Activation of heat shock response (HSR) improves accumulated visceral adiposity and metabolic abnormalities in type 2 diabetes. To identify the optimal intervention strategy of the activation of the HSR provided by mild electrical stimulation (MES) with heat shock (HS) in type 2 diabetes. This study was a prospective, frequency-escalating, randomized, open-label, triple-arm trial in Japan. A total of 60 obese type 2 diabetes patients were randomized into three groups receiving two, four, or seven treatments per week for 12 weeks. No adverse events were identified. MES + HS treatment (when all three groups were combined), significantly improved visceral adiposity, glycemic control, insulin resistance, systemic inflammation, renal function, hepatic steatosis and lipid profile compared to baseline. The reduction in HbA1c was significantly greater among those treated four times per week (-0.36%) or seven times per week (-0.65%) than among those treated two times per week (-0.10%). The relative HbA1c levels in seven times per week group was significantly decreased when adjusted by two times per week group (-0.55%. p = 0.001). This research provides the positive impact of MES + HS to treat obese patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus.
authors.affiliation: Department of Metabolic Medicine, Faculty of Life Sciences, Kumamoto University, 1-1-1 Honjo, Chuo-Ward, Kumamoto 860-8556, Japan.
authors.forename: Tatsuya
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Kondo
authors.affiliation: Department of Metabolic Medicine, Faculty of Life Sciences, Kumamoto University, 1-1-1 Honjo, Chuo-Ward, Kumamoto 860-8556, Japan.
authors.forename: Rieko
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Goto
authors.affiliation: Department of Metabolic Medicine, Faculty of Life Sciences, Kumamoto University, 1-1-1 Honjo, Chuo-Ward, Kumamoto 860-8556, Japan.
authors.forename: Kaoru
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Ono
authors.affiliation: Department of Metabolic Medicine, Faculty of Life Sciences, Kumamoto University, 1-1-1 Honjo, Chuo-Ward, Kumamoto 860-8556, Japan.
authors.forename: Sayaka
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Kitano
authors.affiliation: Department of Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Life Sciences, Kumamoto University, 5-1 Oe, Chuo-Ward, Kumamoto 862-0973, Japan.
authors.forename: Mary Ann
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Suico
authors.affiliation: Department of Metabolic Medicine, Faculty of Life Sciences, Kumamoto University, 1-1-1 Honjo, Chuo-Ward, Kumamoto 860-8556, Japan.
authors.forename: Miki
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Sato
authors.affiliation: Department of Metabolic Medicine, Faculty of Life Sciences, Kumamoto University, 1-1-1 Honjo, Chuo-Ward, Kumamoto 860-8556, Japan.
authors.forename: Motoyuki
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Igata
authors.affiliation: Department of Metabolic Medicine, Faculty of Life Sciences, Kumamoto University, 1-1-1 Honjo, Chuo-Ward, Kumamoto 860-8556, Japan.
authors.forename: Junji
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Kawashima
authors.affiliation: Department of Metabolic Medicine, Faculty of Life Sciences, Kumamoto University, 1-1-1 Honjo, Chuo-Ward, Kumamoto 860-8556, Japan.
authors.forename: Hiroyuki
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Motoshima
authors.affiliation: Department of Metabolic Medicine, Faculty of Life Sciences, Kumamoto University, 1-1-1 Honjo, Chuo-Ward, Kumamoto 860-8556, Japan.
authors.forename: Takeshi
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Matsumura
authors.affiliation: Department of Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Life Sciences, Kumamoto University, 5-1 Oe, Chuo-Ward, Kumamoto 862-0973, Japan.
authors.forename: Hirofumi
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Kai
authors.affiliation: Department of Metabolic Medicine, Faculty of Life Sciences, Kumamoto University, 1-1-1 Honjo, Chuo-Ward, Kumamoto 860-8556, Japan.
authors.forename: Eiichi
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Araki
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D003924:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / Q000628:therapy*; D004599:Electric Stimulation Therapy / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000379:methods*; D005260:Female; D006442:Glycated Hemoglobin / Q000032:analysis; D018869:Heat-Shock Response; D006801:Humans; D007564:Japan; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009765:Obesity / Q000150:complications* / Q000628:therapy*; D011446:Prospective Studies; D035842:Research Subjects; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D006442:Glycated Hemoglobin; C517652:hemoglobin A1c protein, human