title: On-line approaches for the determination of residues and contaminants in complex samples.
abstract: The determination of residues and contaminants in complex matrices such as in the case of food, environmental, and biological samples requires a combination of several steps to succeed in the aimed goal. At least three independent steps are integrated to provide the best available situation to deal with such matrices: (1) a sample preparation technique is employed to isolate the target compounds from the rest of the matrix; (2) a chromatographic (second) step further "purifies" the isolated compounds from the co-extracted matrix interferences; (3) a spectroscopy-based device acts as chromatographic detector (ideally containing a tandem high-resolution mass analyzer) for the qualitative and quantitative analysis. These techniques can be operated in different modes including the off-line and the on-line modes. The present report focus the on-line coupling techniques aiming the determination of analytes present in complex matrices. The fundamentals of these approaches as well as the most common set ups are presented and discussed, as well as a review on the recent applications of these two approaches to the fields of bioanalytical, environmental, and food analysis are critically discussed.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Chemistry of São Carlos, University of São Paulo, São Carlos, SP, Brasil.
authors.forename: Bruno Henrique
authors.initials: BH
authors.lastname: Fumes
authors.affiliation: Institute of Chemistry of São Carlos, University of São Paulo, São Carlos, SP, Brasil.
authors.forename: Mariane Aissa
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Andrade
authors.affiliation: Institute of Chemistry of São Carlos, University of São Paulo, São Carlos, SP, Brasil.
authors.forename: Maraíssa Silva
authors.initials: MS
authors.lastname: Franco
authors.affiliation: Institute of Chemistry of São Carlos, University of São Paulo, São Carlos, SP, Brasil.
authors.forename: Fernando Mauro
authors.initials: FM
authors.lastname: Lanças
mesh_terms: D002623:Chemistry Techniques, Analytical / Q000295:instrumentation* / Q000592:standards; D002845:Chromatography; D004784:Environmental Monitoring / Q000295:instrumentation; D005504:Food Analysis / Q000295:instrumentation; D006801:Humans
keywords: In-tube solid-phase extraction; Microextraction techniques; Multidimensional separations; On-line analysis; Turbulent flow