title: Effects of a diet containing Brazilian propolis on lipopolysaccharide-induced increases in plasma plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 levels in mice.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Brazilian propolis has many biological activities including the ability to help prevent thrombotic diseases, but this particular effect has not been proven. Plasma levels of plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1), an inhibitor of fibrinolysis, increase under inflammatory conditions such as infection, obesity and atherosclerosis and such elevated levels predispose individuals to a risk of developing thrombotic diseases.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  This study aimed to determine the effects of a diet containing Brazilian propolis on lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced increases in plasma PAI-1 levels.
  
  
  METHODS
  Mice were fed with a diet containing 0.5% (w/w) Brazilian propolis for 8 weeks. Thereafter, the mice were subcutaneously injected with saline containing 0.015 mg/kg of LPS and sacrificed 4 h later.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Orally administered Brazilian propolis significantly suppressed the LPS-induced increase in PAI-1 antigen and its activity in mouse plasma.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This study indicated that Brazilian propolis contains natural products that can decrease thrombotic tendencies in mice.
authors.affiliation: Department of Molecular Physiology and Pathology, School of Pharma-Sciences, Teikyo University, Tokyo, Itabashi, Japan.
authors.forename: Naoki
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Ohkura
authors.affiliation: Biological Clock Research Group, Biomedical Research Institute, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology, Japan.
authors.forename: Katsutaka
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Oishi
authors.affiliation: Department of Life and Health Science, School of Pharma-Sciences, Teikyo University, Tokyo, Itabashi, Japan.
authors.forename: Fumiko
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Kihara-Negishi
authors.affiliation: Department of Molecular Physiology and Pathology, School of Pharma-Sciences, Teikyo University, Tokyo, Itabashi, Japan.
authors.forename: Gen-Ichi
authors.initials: GI
authors.lastname: Atsumi
authors.affiliation: Institute for Bee Products and Health Science, Yamada Apiculture Center, Kagamino, Okayama, Japan.
authors.forename: Tomoki
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Tatefuji
keywords: Dietary supplement; mouse; plasminogen activator inhibitor-1; thrombosis