title: Vitamin B6 Prevents IL-1β Protein Production by Inhibiting NLRP3 Inflammasome Activation.
abstract: Vitamin B6 includes six water-soluble vitamers: pyridoxal (PL), pyridoxamine (PM), pyridoxine (PN), and their phosphorylated forms. Pyridoxal 5'-phosphate (PLP) is an important cofactor for many metabolic enzymes. Several lines of evidence demonstrate that blood levels of PLP are significantly lower in patients with inflammation than in control subjects and that vitamin B6 has anti-inflammatory effects, with therapeutic potential for a variety of inflammatory diseases. Although one of our group previously demonstrated that PL inhibits the NF-κB pathway, the molecular mechanism by which vitamin B6 suppresses inflammation is not well understood. Here, we showed that both PL and PLP suppressed the expression of cytokine genes in macrophages by inhibiting Toll-like receptor (TLR)-mediated TAK1 phosphorylation and the subsequent NF-κB and JNK activation. Furthermore, PL and PLP abolished NLRP3-dependent caspase-1 processing and the subsequent secretion of mature IL-1β and IL-18 in LPS-primed macrophages. In contrast, PM and PN had little effect on IL-1β production. PLP, but not PL, markedly reduced the production of mitochondrial reactive oxygen species (ROS) in peritoneal macrophages. Importantly, PL and PLP reduced IL-1β production induced by LPS and ATP, or by LPS alone, in mice. Moreover, PL and PLP protected mice from lethal endotoxic shock. Collectively, these findings reveal novel anti-inflammatory activities for vitamin B6 and suggest its potential for preventing inflammatory diseases driven by the NLRP3 inflammasome.
authors.affiliation: From the Department of Immunology and Molecular Biology, Cancer Research Institute, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa 920-1192.
authors.forename: Peipei
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: From the Department of Immunology and Molecular Biology, Cancer Research Institute, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa 920-1192.
authors.forename: Kohsuke
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Tsuchiya
authors.affiliation: From the Department of Immunology and Molecular Biology, Cancer Research Institute, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa 920-1192.
authors.forename: Takeshi
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Kinoshita
authors.affiliation: From the Department of Immunology and Molecular Biology, Cancer Research Institute, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa 920-1192.
authors.forename: Hiroko
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Kushiyama
authors.affiliation: the Graduate School of Biosphere Science, Hiroshima University, Higashi-Hiroshima 739-8528, and.
authors.forename: Sofya
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Suidasari
authors.affiliation: the Division of Material Sciences, Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa 920-1192, Japan.
authors.forename: Mizuki
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Hatakeyama
authors.affiliation: the Division of Material Sciences, Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa 920-1192, Japan.
authors.forename: Hisanori
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Imura
authors.affiliation: the Graduate School of Biosphere Science, Hiroshima University, Higashi-Hiroshima 739-8528, and.
authors.forename: Norihisa
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Kato
authors.affiliation: From the Department of Immunology and Molecular Biology, Cancer Research Institute, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa 920-1192,. Electronic address: sudat@staff.kanazawa-u.ac.jp.
authors.forename: Takashi
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Suda
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000893:Anti-Inflammatory Agents / Q000494:pharmacology*; D058847:Inflammasomes / Q000378:metabolism*; D020382:Interleukin-18 / Q000096:biosynthesis; D053583:Interleukin-1beta / Q000096:biosynthesis*; D008070:Lipopolysaccharides / Q000633:toxicity; D020930:MAP Kinase Kinase Kinases / Q000378:metabolism; D008264:Macrophages / Q000378:metabolism*; D051379:Mice; D008813:Mice, Inbred ICR; D016328:NF-kappa B / Q000378:metabolism; D000071199:NLR Family, Pyrin Domain-Containing 3 Protein / Q000378:metabolism*; D010766:Phosphorylation / Q000187:drug effects; D012772:Shock, Septic / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000378:metabolism / Q000517:prevention & control; D025101:Vitamin B 6 / Q000494:pharmacology*; D000099151:MAP Kinase Kinase Kinase 7
chemical_list: D000893:Anti-Inflammatory Agents; D058847:Inflammasomes; D020382:Interleukin-18; D053583:Interleukin-1beta; D008070:Lipopolysaccharides; D020930:MAP Kinase Kinase Kinases; D016328:NF-kappa B; D000071199:NLR Family, Pyrin Domain-Containing 3 Protein; D025101:Vitamin B 6; D000099151:MAP Kinase Kinase Kinase 7; C587672:IL1B protein, mouse; C492716:Nlrp3 protein, mouse
keywords: IL-1B; NF-kappa B (NF-KB); NLRP3; Vitamin B6; caspase-1; endotoxin; inflammasome; inflammation; interleukin 1 (IL-1); macrophage; mouse; vitamin