title: Simultaneous removal of rotavirus and adenovirus from artificial ground water using hydrochar derived from swine feces.
abstract: Hydrothermal carbonization technology can convert fecal waste into a valuable carbonaceous product referred to as hydrochar. We investigated the potential of fecal waste-derived hydrochar as an adsorbent for virus removal in water treatment. Swine feces was hydrothermally treated under two conditions: at 180 °C for 2 h and 230 °C for 7 h. The resulting solid products (hydrochar) were evaluated as virus adsorbents in water treatment. Simultaneous removal of pathogenic rotavirus (RV) and human adenovirus (HAdV) was investigated using a sand column set-up of 10 cm bed height with and without hydrochar supplement (1.5%, w/w). The removal efficiency of both viruses in a hydrochar-amended column was >3 log (complete removal). The amount of virus released in deionized water when flushed into the virus-retaining columns indicated that the secondary energy minimum played a more important role in RV retention than that of HAdV. Zeta-potential and hydrophobicity measurements on hydrochar materials indicated that the improved virus removal performance of hydrochar-amended columns was induced by the provision of extra hydrophobic surfaces. This study provides evidence that fecal waste-derived hydrochar can be used as a competent virus adsorbent.
authors.affiliation: UNESCO-IHE Institute for Water Education, PO BOX 3015, Delft 2601DA, The Netherlands E-mail: shoutjx@gmail.com.
authors.forename: J W
authors.initials: JW
authors.lastname: Chung
authors.affiliation: Helmholtz-Centre for Environmental Research - UFZ; Environmental and Biotechnology Centre, Permoserstr. 15, Leipzig 04318, Germany; Department of Soil Ecology, Helmholtz-Centre for Environmental Research - UFZ, Theodor-Lieser-Str. 4, Halle 06120, Germany.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Breulmann
authors.affiliation: German Biomass Research Centre (DBFZ) gGmbH, Torgauer Str. 116, Leipzig 04347, Germany.
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Clemens
authors.affiliation: Helmholtz-Centre for Environmental Research - UFZ; Environmental and Biotechnology Centre, Permoserstr. 15, Leipzig 04318, Germany.
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Fühner
authors.affiliation: UNESCO-IHE Institute for Water Education, PO BOX 3015, Delft 2601DA, The Netherlands E-mail: shoutjx@gmail.com.
authors.forename: J W
authors.initials: JW
authors.lastname: Foppen
authors.affiliation: UNESCO-IHE Institute for Water Education, PO BOX 3015, Delft 2601DA, The Netherlands E-mail: shoutjx@gmail.com.
authors.forename: P N L
authors.initials: PN
authors.lastname: Lens
mesh_terms: D000256:Adenoviridae / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D000327:Adsorption; D000818:Animals; D002606:Charcoal / Q000737:chemistry; D005243:Feces / Q000737:chemistry; D060587:Groundwater / Q000821:virology*; D012401:Rotavirus / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D034421:Sus scrofa; D014865:Waste Disposal, Fluid / Q000379:methods*
chemical_list: D002606:Charcoal