title: Muscle wasting in heart failure : The role of nutrition.
abstract: Muscle wasting and malnutrition are common complications in patients with advanced heart failure (HF); however, both remain underdiagnosed and undertreated although they both play relevant roles in the progression of HF. The risk of muscle wasting in patients with HF increases in those patients with malnutrition or at risk of malnutrition. Muscle wasting and malnutrition are thought to be positively influenced by adequate therapeutic interventions such as physical activity and nutritional support. Consequently, early detection of malnutrition in patients with HF is recommended. This review discusses muscle wasting and nutritional status, describing the effects of malnutrition on muscle wasting in patients with HF. We review specific issues related to muscle wasting and nutritional status in patients with HF; however, no established strategies currently exist to focus on patients suffering from muscle wasting with malnutrition.
authors.affiliation: Innovative Clinical Trials, Department of Cardiology and Pneumology, University Medical Center Göttingen, Robert-Koch-Str. 40, 37075, Göttingen, Germany. msaitoh@shi.heart.or.jp.
authors.forename: Masakazu
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Saitoh
authors.affiliation: Innovative Clinical Trials, Department of Cardiology and Pneumology, University Medical Center Göttingen, Robert-Koch-Str. 40, 37075, Göttingen, Germany.|Heart Institute (InCor), University of Sao Paulo Medical School, Sao Paulo, Brazil.
authors.forename: Marcelo
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Rodrigues Dos Santos
authors.affiliation: Innovative Clinical Trials, Department of Cardiology and Pneumology, University Medical Center Göttingen, Robert-Koch-Str. 40, 37075, Göttingen, Germany.
authors.forename: Stephan
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: von Haehling
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D003131:Combined Modality Therapy / Q000379:methods; D004035:Diet Therapy / Q000379:methods; D019317:Evidence-Based Medicine; D005260:Female; D015577:Geriatric Assessment / Q000379:methods; D006333:Heart Failure / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000628:therapy*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D044342:Malnutrition / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000628:therapy*; D044623:Nutrition Therapy / Q000379:methods; D009752:Nutritional Status; D055948:Sarcopenia / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000628:therapy*
keywords: Exercise training; Heart failure; Malnutrition; Muscle wasting; Nutritional assessment