title: Three-dimensionally porous graphene: A high-performance adsorbent for removal of albumin-bonded bilirubin.
abstract: The development of bilirubin adsorbents with high adsorption efficiencies towards albumin-bonded bilirubin is still a considerable challenge. In this work, a three-dimensionally porous graphene (3D-pGR) has been fabricated through a simple carbon dioxide (CO2) activation of thermally exfoliated graphite oxide (EGO). Intriguingly, the resultant 3D-pGR material showed hierarchically micro-meso-macroporous structure, high specific surface area of up to 843m2g-1, and large pore volume as high as 2.71cm3g-1. Besides, the large planar π-configuration structure of 3D-pGR made it possible to compete effectively with albumin for bilirubin binding. Taking advantages of these fantastic characteristics, the 3D-pGR was demonstrated to be extraordinarily efficient for bilirubin removal from a bovine serum albumin (BSA)-rich solution. Under optimized conditions, the maximum adsorption capacity of 3D-pGR for BSA-bonded bilirubin was up to 126.1mgg-1, which is not only significantly higher than the adsorption capacities of currently available adsorbents towards albumin-bonded bilirubin, but also superior to those of many reported adsorbents towards free bilirubin. In addition, the hemolysis assay of 3D-pGR indicated that this material had negligible hemolysis effect. Findings from this study may open up important new possibilities for removal of protein-bonded toxins.
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Material Science and Chemistry, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan, 430074, PR China.
authors.forename: Chun Fang
authors.initials: CF
authors.lastname: Ma
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Material Science and Chemistry, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan, 430074, PR China. Electronic address: gaoqiang@cug.edu.cn.
authors.forename: Qiang
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Gao
authors.affiliation: Sustainable Energy Laboratory, Faculty of Material Science and Chemistry, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan, 430074, PR China. Electronic address: xks_mail@126.com.
authors.forename: Kai Sheng
authors.initials: KS
authors.lastname: Xia
authors.affiliation: Sustainable Energy Laboratory, Faculty of Material Science and Chemistry, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan, 430074, PR China.
authors.forename: Zhi Yuan
authors.initials: ZY
authors.lastname: Huang
authors.affiliation: Sustainable Energy Laboratory, Faculty of Material Science and Chemistry, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan, 430074, PR China.
authors.forename: Bo
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Han
authors.affiliation: Sustainable Energy Laboratory, Faculty of Material Science and Chemistry, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan, 430074, PR China.
authors.forename: Cheng Gang
authors.initials: CG
authors.lastname: Zhou
mesh_terms: D000327:Adsorption; D000818:Animals; D001663:Bilirubin / Q000737:chemistry / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D002245:Carbon Dioxide / Q000737:chemistry; D002417:Cattle; D004912:Erythrocytes / Q000187:drug effects; D006108:Graphite / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000494:pharmacology; D006461:Hemolysis / Q000187:drug effects; D006801:Humans; D010087:Oxides; D016062:Porosity; D011485:Protein Binding; D012710:Serum Albumin, Bovine / Q000737:chemistry*; D013499:Surface Properties
chemical_list: D010087:Oxides; D002245:Carbon Dioxide; D012710:Serum Albumin, Bovine; D006108:Graphite; D001663:Bilirubin
keywords: Adsorbent; Albumin-bonded bilirubin; Removal; Three-dimensionally porous graphene