title: Effect of Lippia alba and Cymbopogon citratus essential oils on biofilms of Streptococcus mutans and cytotoxicity in CHO cells.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Caries is a public health problem, given that it prevails in 60 to 90% of the school-age global population. Multiple factors interact in its etiology, among them dental plaque is necessary to have lactic acid producing microorganisms like Streptococcus from he Mutans group. Existing prevention and treatment measures are not totally effective and generate adverse effects, which is why it is necessary to search for complementary strategies for their management.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  The study sought to evaluate the eradication capacity of Streptococcus mutans biofilms and the toxicity on eukaryotic cells of Lippia alba and Cymbopogon citratus essential oils.
  
  
  METHODS
  Essential oils were extracted from plant material through steam distillation and then its chemical composition was determined. The MBEC-high-throughput (MBEC-HTP) (Innovotech, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada) assay used to determine the eradication concentration of S. mutans ATCC 35668 strain biofilms. Cytotoxicity was evaluated on CHO cells through the MTT cell proliferation assay.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The major components in both oils were Geraniol and Citral; in L. alba 18.9% and 15.9%, respectively, and in C. citratus 31.3% and 26.7%. The L. alba essential oils presented eradication activity against S. mutans biofilms of 95.8% in 0.01mg/dL concentration and C. citratus essential oils showed said eradication activity of 95.4% at 0.1, 0.01mg/dL concentrations and of 93.1% in the 0.001mg/dL concentration; none of the concentrations of both essential oils showed toxicity on CHO cells during 24h.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The L. alba and C. citratus essential oils showed eradication activity against S. mutans biofilms and null cytotoxicity, evidencing the need to conduct further studies that can identify their active components and in order to guide a safe use in treating and preventing dental caries.
authors.affiliation: PhD in Science, Corporación Colombiana de Investigación, C.I Motilonia, Codazzi, Cesar, Colombia; CIENCIAUDES Research Group, Faculty of Health, University of Santander, Valledupar, Colombia. Electronic address: atofino@corpoica.org.co.
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Tofiño-Rivera
authors.affiliation: Universidad Popular del Cesar (UPC), Colombia. Electronic address: mailenortega@unicesar.edu.co.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Ortega-Cuadros
authors.affiliation: CES University, Medellín, Colombia. Electronic address: dagalvis@ces.edu.co.
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Galvis-Pareja
authors.affiliation: CIENCIAUDES Research Group, Faculty of Health, University of Santander, Valledupar, Colombia. Electronic address: desarrolloacademico@valledupar.udes.edu.co.
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Jiménez-Rios
authors.affiliation: INTA Agricultural Experimental Station, Anguil, Argentina. Electronic address: merini.luciano@inta.gob.ar.
authors.forename: L J
authors.initials: LJ
authors.lastname: Merini
authors.affiliation: POPCAD Research Group, Laboratory of Oral Microbiology, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Antioquia, Medellín, Colombia. Electronic address: mcecilia.martinez@udea.edu.co.
authors.forename: M C
authors.initials: MC
authors.lastname: Martínez-Pabón
mesh_terms: D000080462:Acyclic Monoterpenes; D000818:Animals; D018441:Biofilms / Q000187:drug effects*; D016466:CHO Cells; D002460:Cell Line; D003412:Cricetulus; D031743:Cymbopogon / Q000737:chemistry*; D003731:Dental Caries / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000382:microbiology; D032411:Lippia / Q000737:chemistry*; D008826:Microbial Sensitivity Tests / Q000379:methods; D039821:Monoterpenes / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology; D009822:Oils, Volatile / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology*; D010938:Plant Oils / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology*; D028321:Plant Preparations / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology*; D013295:Streptococcus mutans / Q000187:drug effects; D013729:Terpenes / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology
chemical_list: D000080462:Acyclic Monoterpenes; D039821:Monoterpenes; D009822:Oils, Volatile; D010938:Plant Oils; D028321:Plant Preparations; D013729:Terpenes; C007836:geraniol; C007076:citral
keywords: 6-octadiene-1-ol; 7-Dimethyl-2; Biofilms; Cytotoxicity; Dental caries; Essential oils; List of up to 10 names of chemical compounds studied in the article. Geranial. Neral. Myrcene. Geraniol. (E)-Caryophyllene. trans-Verbenol. Geranyl acetate. cis-Verbenol. Germacrene D. 3; Streptococcus mutans