title: The Differential Effect of Low-Dose Mixtures of Four Pesticides on the Pea Aphid Acyrthosiphon pisum.
abstract: The modes of action of most insecticides are known, but little information exists regarding the toxicological interactions involving insecticide mixtures at low doses. The effects of mixtures of four insecticides were investigated using LC10values (concentration leading to 10% mortality), acetamiprid (ACE, 0.235 µg/mL), chlorpyriphos (CHL, 107.0 µg/mL), deltamethrin (DEL, 5.831 µg/mL), and fipronil (FIP, 3.775 µg/mL) on the larvae of the pea aphid,Acyrthosiphon pisum. After 24 h exposure, 6 of the 11 tested combinations, DEL/FIP, ACE/DEL, CHL/FIP, ACE/DEL/FIP, ACE/CHL/FIP, and ACE/DEL/CHL/FIP, were toxic through an additive effect. Four combinations, ACE/FIP, DEL/CHL, ACE/CHL, and ACE/DEL/CHL had a synergistic effect, whereas only one DEL/CHL/FIP showed an antagonistic effect. The toxic effect of these mixtures was confirmed after 48 h of exposure, revealing an enhanced toxicity of CHL, DEL, and FIP in combination with ACE. We suggest that an insect pest management strategy should be evaluated in the future using different combinations of insecticides.
authors.affiliation: Laboratoire Stress Oxydant et Pathologies Métaboliques, Institut de Biologie en Santé, Université d'Angers, INSERM 1063, 49933 Angers, France. emiliane_taillebois@yahoo.fr.
authors.forename: Emiliane
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Taillebois
authors.affiliation: Laboratoire de Biologie des Ligneux et des Grandes Cultures (LBLGC), Université d'Orléans, UPRES EA 1207-USC INRA, Rue de Chartres, BP 6759, 45067 Orléans, France. steeve.thany@univ-orleans.fr.
authors.forename: Steeve H
authors.initials: SH
authors.lastname: Thany
keywords: aphid; neonicotinoid; organophosphate; phenylpyrazol; pyrethroid