title: Biodegradable Polymeric Nanoparticles-Based Vaccine Adjuvants for Lymph Nodes Targeting.
abstract: Vaccines have successfully eradicated a large number of diseases. However, some infectious diseases (such as HIV,Chlamydia trachomatisorBacillus anthracis) keep spreading since there is no vaccine to prevent them. One way to overcome this issue is the development of new adjuvant formulations which are able to induce the appropriate immune response without sacrificing safety. Lymph nodes are the site of lymphocyte priming by antigen-presenting cells and subsequent adaptive immune response, and are a promising target for vaccine formulations. In this review, we describe the properties of different polymer-based (e.g., poly lactic-co-glycolic acid, poly lactic acid …) particulate adjuvants as innovative systems, capable of co-delivering immunopotentiators and antigens. We point out how these nanoparticles enhance the delivery of antigens, and how their physicochemical properties modify their uptake by antigen-presenting cells and their migration into lymph nodes. We describe why polymeric nanoparticles increase the persistence into lymph nodes and promote a mature immune response. We also emphasize how nanodelivery directs the response to a specific antigen and allows the induction of a cytotoxic immune response, essential for the fight against intracellular pathogens or cancer. Finally, we highlight the interest of the association between polymer-based vaccines and immunopotentiators, which can potentiate the effect of the molecule by directing it to the appropriate compartment and reducing its toxicity.
authors.affiliation: Laboratoire de Biologie Tissulaire et d'Ingénierie Thérapeutique, UMR 5305, Université Lyon 1, CNRS, IBCP, Lyon 69007, France. alice.gutjahr@ibcp.fr.|InvivoGen, Toulouse 31400, France. alice.gutjahr@ibcp.fr.|Groupe Immunité des Muqueuses et Agents Pathogènes, INSERM CIC1408 Vaccinologie, Faculté de Médecine de Saint-Etienne, Saint-Etienne 42270, France. alice.gutjahr@ibcp.fr.
authors.forename: Alice
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Gutjahr
authors.affiliation: Laboratoire de Biologie Tissulaire et d'Ingénierie Thérapeutique, UMR 5305, Université Lyon 1, CNRS, IBCP, Lyon 69007, France. capucine.phelip@ibcp.fr.
authors.forename: Capucine
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Phelip
authors.affiliation: Laboratoire de Biologie Tissulaire et d'Ingénierie Thérapeutique, UMR 5305, Université Lyon 1, CNRS, IBCP, Lyon 69007, France. anne-line.coolen@ibcp.fr.
authors.forename: Anne-Line
authors.initials: AL
authors.lastname: Coolen
authors.affiliation: Laboratoire de Biologie Tissulaire et d'Ingénierie Thérapeutique, UMR 5305, Université Lyon 1, CNRS, IBCP, Lyon 69007, France. clairemonge.biotech@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Claire
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Monge
authors.affiliation: Laboratoire de Biologie Tissulaire et d'Ingénierie Thérapeutique, UMR 5305, Université Lyon 1, CNRS, IBCP, Lyon 69007, France. anne-sophie.boisgard@ibcp.fr.
authors.forename: Anne-Sophie
authors.initials: AS
authors.lastname: Boisgard
authors.affiliation: Groupe Immunité des Muqueuses et Agents Pathogènes, INSERM CIC1408 Vaccinologie, Faculté de Médecine de Saint-Etienne, Saint-Etienne 42270, France. stephane.paul@chu-st-etienne.fr.
authors.forename: Stéphane
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Paul
authors.affiliation: Laboratoire de Biologie Tissulaire et d'Ingénierie Thérapeutique, UMR 5305, Université Lyon 1, CNRS, IBCP, Lyon 69007, France. bernard.verrier@ibcp.fr.
authors.forename: Bernard
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Verrier
keywords: adjuvant; antigen; immunogenicity; lymph node; molecular adjuvant; nanodelivery; nanoparticles; polymer; vaccine