title: The prevalence of anxiety and depression in Italian patients with cystic fibrosis and their caregivers.
abstract: Cystic fibrosis, like other chronic diseases, is a risk factor for the development of elevated symptoms of depression and anxiety. The objective of this study was to investigate the prevalence of anxiety and depression in Italian patients with CF and their parents.
  
  
  
  The Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS) and Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale (CES-D) questionnaires were administered to a sample of patients and their parents recruited at the cystic fibrosis centers in Italy.
  
  
  
  Elevated levels of anxiety were higher in mothers than in fathers, and also higher in female patients than in male patients. A correlation between elevated levels of anxiety/depression and geographical area also emerged. Patient anxiety (OR 2.33) and depression (OR 4.09) were significantly associated with forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV1) <40% and forced vital capacity (FVC) <80% (OR 1.60 and 1.61, respectively).
  
  
  
  Cystic fibrosis increases the risk of developing anxiety and depression in female patients and in mothers. Geographical differences were observed, with higher anxiety and depression in southern Italy for parents, but not for patients. Anxiety and depression levels also depend on clinical status. Pediatr Pulmonol. 2016;51:1311-1319. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
authors.affiliation: Cystic Fibrosis Center, Anna Meyer Children's Hospital, Florence, Italy.
authors.forename: Paola
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Catastini
authors.affiliation: Cystic Fibrosis Regional Center, Ospedale "Di Cristina" Arnas Civico, Palermo, Italy.
authors.forename: Serena
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Di Marco
authors.affiliation: Cystic Fibrosis Regional Center, Presidio Ospedaliero Giovanni Paolo II, Lamezia Terme (CZ), Italy.
authors.forename: Maria
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Furriolo
authors.affiliation: Cystic Fibrosis Regional Center, A.O.R. Ospedale San Carlo, Potenza, Italy.
authors.forename: Carmela
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Genovese
authors.affiliation: Cystic Fibrosis Adult Center, A.O.U. San Luigi Gonzaga, Orbassano (TO), Italy.
authors.forename: Alessia
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Grande
authors.affiliation: Cystic Fibrosis Regional Center, A.O.U. Parma, Parma, Italy.
authors.forename: Eugenia
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Iacinti
authors.affiliation: Cystic Fibrosis Regional Center, A.O.U Policlinico Bari, Bari, Italy.
authors.forename: Danila Rosa
authors.initials: DR
authors.lastname: Iusco
authors.affiliation: Cystic Fibrosis Center, Fondazione IRCCS C'a Grande Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milano, Italy.
authors.forename: Rita Maria Vittoria
authors.initials: RM
authors.lastname: Nobili
authors.affiliation: Cystic Fibrosis Regional Center, Ospedale G.Gaslini, Genova, Italy.
authors.forename: Rita
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Pescini
authors.affiliation: Cystic Fibrosis Regional Center, A.O.U. Ancona, Italy.
authors.forename: Roberto
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Ragni
authors.affiliation: Cystic Fibrosis Support Center, Spedali Civili Brescia, Italy.
authors.forename: Roberto
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Randazzo
authors.affiliation: Cystic Fibrosis Child Center, Torino, Italy.
authors.forename: Cristiana
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Risso
authors.affiliation: Unit of Clinical Psychologist Unit of Cystic Fibrosis Center, Bambino Gesù Pediatric Hospital, Roma, Italy.
authors.forename: Paola
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Tabarini
authors.affiliation: Cystic Fibrosis Center, Anna Meyer Children's Hospital, Florence, Italy.
authors.forename: Cesare
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Braggion
authors.affiliation: Clinical Trial Office, Anna Meyer Children's Hospital, Florence, Italy.
authors.forename: Salvatore
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: De Masi
authors.affiliation: Research, Innovation and International Relations, Anna Meyer Children's Hospital, Florence, Italy.
authors.forename: Kathleen S
authors.initials: KS
authors.lastname: McGreevy
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D001007:Anxiety / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000523:psychology; D001008:Anxiety Disorders / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000523:psychology; D017028:Caregivers / Q000523:psychology / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D002648:Child; D002908:Chronic Disease; D003550:Cystic Fibrosis / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000523:psychology; D003863:Depression / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000523:psychology; D003866:Depressive Disorder / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000523:psychology; D005220:Fathers / Q000523:psychology / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D005260:Female; D005541:Forced Expiratory Volume; D006801:Humans; D007558:Italy / Q000453:epidemiology; D008297:Male; D009035:Mothers / Q000523:psychology / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D010290:Parents / Q000523:psychology; D015995:Prevalence; D012307:Risk Factors; D012720:Severity of Illness Index; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D014797:Vital Capacity; D055815:Young Adult
keywords: anxiety; cystic fibrosis; depression; epidemiology; lung pathology