title: Lipid Encapsulation Provides Insufficient Total-Tract Digestibility to Achieve an Optimal Transfer Efficiency of Fatty Acids to Milk Fat.
abstract: Transfer efficiencies of rumen-protected n-3 fatty acids (FA) to milk are low, thus we hypothesized that rumen-protection technologies allow for biohydrogenation and excretion of n-3 FA. The objectives of this study were to i) investigate the ruminal protection and post-ruminal release of the FA derived from the lipid-encapsulated echium oil (EEO), and ii) assess the bioavailability and metabolism of the EEO-derived FA through measuring the FA content in plasma lipid fractions, feces, and milk. The EEO was tested for rumen stability using the in situ nylon bag technique, then the apparent total-tract digestibility was assessed in vivo using six Holstein dairy cattle. Diets consisted of a control (no EEO); 1.5% of dry matter (DM) as EEO and 1.5% DM as encapsulation matrix; and 3% DM as EEO. The EEO was rumen-stable and had no effect on animal production. EEO-derived FA were incorporated into all plasma lipid fractions, with the highest proportion of n-3 FA observed in cholesterol esters. Fecal excretion of EEO-derived FA ranged from 7-14%. Biohydrogenation products increased in milk, plasma, and feces with EEO supplementation. In conclusion, lipid-encapsulation provides inadequate digestibility to achieve an optimal transfer efficiency of n-3 FA to milk.
authors.affiliation: University of Vermont, Department of Animal and Veterinary Sciences, 570 Main Street, Burlington, VT 05405, United States of America.
authors.forename: Melissa
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Bainbridge
authors.affiliation: University of Vermont, Department of Animal and Veterinary Sciences, 570 Main Street, Burlington, VT 05405, United States of America.
authors.forename: Jana
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Kraft
mesh_terms: D000821:Animal Feed; D000818:Animals; D002417:Cattle; D004032:Diet / Q000662:veterinary; D036661:Echium / Q000378:metabolism; D005227:Fatty Acids / Q000032:analysis / Q000097:blood / Q000378:metabolism*; D005243:Feces / Q000737:chemistry; D005260:Female; D041981:Gastrointestinal Tract / Q000378:metabolism; D008892:Milk / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism*; D010938:Plant Oils / Q000737:chemistry; D012417:Rumen / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D005227:Fatty Acids; D010938:Plant Oils