title: Parenting Efficacy and Support in Mothers With Dual Disorders in a Substance Abuse Treatment Program.
abstract: Approximately 73% of women entering treatment for substance use disorders are mothers of children younger than 18, and the high rate of mental health disorders among mothers with substance use disorders increases their vulnerability to poor parenting practices. Parenting efficacy and social support for parenting have emerged as significant predictors of positive parenting practices among families at risk for child maltreatment. The purpose of the current study was to examine the impact of parenting support and parenting efficacy on the likelihood of out-of-home placement and custody status among the children of mothers with dual substance use and mental health disorders.
  
  
  
  This study examined the impact of parenting efficacy and assistance with childcare on the likelihood of child out-of-home placement and custody status among 175 mothers with diagnosed dual substance and mental health disorder and in treatment for substance dependence. Logistic regression was utilized to assess the contributions of parenting efficacy and the number of individuals in mothers' social networks who assist with childcare to the likelihood of out-of-home placement and custody loss of children. Parenting efficacy was also examined as a mediator using bootstrapping in PROCESS for SPSS.
  
  
  
  Greater parenting efficacy was associated with lower likelihood of having at least one child in out-of-home placement (B = -.064, SE = .029, p = .027) and lower likelihood of loss of child custody (B = -.094, SE = .034, p = .006). Greater number of children in the 6 to 18 age range predicted greater likelihood of having at least one child in the custody of someone else (B = .409, SE = .171, p = .017) and in out-of-home placement (B = .651, SE = .167, p < .001). In addition, mothers who identified as African American were less likely to have a child in out-of-home placement (B = .927, SE = .382, p = .015) or to have lost custody of a child (B = -1.31, SE = .456, p = .004). Finally, parenting efficacy mediated the relationship between parenting support and likelihood of out-of-home placement (effect = -.0604, SE = .0297, z = 2.035, p = .042) and between parenting support and likelihood of custody loss (effect = -.0332, SE = .0144, z = -2.298, p = .022).
  
  
  
  Implications for practice include the utilization of personal network interventions, such as increased assistance with childcare, and increased attention to efficacy among mothers with dual disorders.
authors.affiliation: a School of Social Work, Wayne State University , Detroit , Michigan , USA.
authors.forename: Suzanne
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Brown
authors.affiliation: a School of Social Work, Wayne State University , Detroit , Michigan , USA.
authors.forename: Laurel M
authors.initials: LM
authors.lastname: Hicks
authors.affiliation: b Jack, Joseph, and Morton Mandel School of Applied Social Sciences, Case Western Reserve University , Cleveland , Ohio , USA.
authors.forename: Elizabeth M
authors.initials: EM
authors.lastname: Tracy
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D002648:Child; D002649:Child Abuse; D002675:Child, Preschool; D017831:Diagnosis, Dual (Psychiatry); D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D001523:Mental Disorders / Q000523:psychology*; D008875:Middle Aged; D009034:Mother-Child Relations; D009035:Mothers / Q000523:psychology*; D016487:Parenting / Q000523:psychology*; D012944:Social Support; D019966:Substance-Related Disorders / Q000523:psychology* / Q000628:therapy; D055815:Young Adult
keywords: Mothers; addiction; child custody; parenting efficacy; social networks