title: Identification of Naringin Metabolites in Human Urine and Feces.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Naringin, an active flavanone glycoside, has been widely considered as a prospective antitussive and expectorant. The present study aimed to elucidate the metabolic profile of naringin in the human body.
  
  
  METHODS
  Four male and three female volunteers (20-30 years old and 18.8-21.7 kg/m2Body Mass Index) were orally administrated 320 mg naringin; their urine and feces were collected at different times and the corresponding metabolites were identified with a high resolution ultra-fast liquid chromatography-quadrupole-time-of-flight tandem mass spectrometry (UFLC-Q-TOF-MS/MS) system.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Sixteen conjugative metabolites and five polyphenols were identified. These detected metabolites varied in the types, relative responses, and excretion times among different individuals.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The results revealed that naringin underwent extensive phase II metabolism in the human body and yielded an array of conjugated products. This study provided a reference for further clinical studies and in vivo metabolism of other flavonoids.
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Plant Resources, Guangdong Engineering & Technology Research Center for Quality and Efficacy Re-evaluation of Post-market Traditional Chinese Medicine, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, No. 135, Xingang Xi Road, Guangzhou, 510275, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Xuan
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Zeng
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Plant Resources, Guangdong Engineering & Technology Research Center for Quality and Efficacy Re-evaluation of Post-market Traditional Chinese Medicine, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, No. 135, Xingang Xi Road, Guangzhou, 510275, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Yang
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Bai
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Plant Resources, Guangdong Engineering & Technology Research Center for Quality and Efficacy Re-evaluation of Post-market Traditional Chinese Medicine, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, No. 135, Xingang Xi Road, Guangzhou, 510275, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Wei
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Peng
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Plant Resources, Guangdong Engineering & Technology Research Center for Quality and Efficacy Re-evaluation of Post-market Traditional Chinese Medicine, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, No. 135, Xingang Xi Road, Guangzhou, 510275, People's Republic of China. lsssww@126.com.
authors.forename: Weiwei
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Su
mesh_terms: D000284:Administration, Oral; D000328:Adult; D005243:Feces / Q000737:chemistry*; D005260:Female; D044950:Flavanones / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000652:urine; D020719:Glucuronides / Q000378:metabolism; D064368:Healthy Volunteers; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D050217:Metabolic Detoxication, Phase II; D053858:Metabolic Networks and Pathways; D014556:Urine / Q000737:chemistry*; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D044950:Flavanones; D020719:Glucuronides; C005274:naringin