title: Antifungal activity of dual combination of hydroxychavicol with commercialized agents against oral Candida species.
abstract: Candidaspp. is the most prevalent species causing systemic fungal infections. The effect of antifungal agents were screened in vitro and their synergism effect were determined between hydroxychavicol (HC) in association with commercialized antifungal drugs-amphotericin B (AMB), and 5-fluorocytosine (5-FC) alone and in combination against five different oralCandida spp.in their planktonic states at different ratio (1:1 v/v; 1:2 v/v and 2:1 v/v). In vitro susceptibilities ofCandidaspp. to HC and commercialized antifungal agents were investigated by broth microdilution method as described by Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute M38-A2. The intensity of the interactions was evaluated by visual reading and spectrophotometric method in checkerboard microdiluton assay, and the nature of the interactions was assessed by fractional inhibitory concentration index. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC50) of HC, AMB and 5-FC alone against five different planktonic oralCandidaspp. ranged from 240 to 120, 8 to 15, and 2 to 8 µg/mL respectively. Positive synergistic effect existed between HC and AMB at 1:1 ratio in allCandidaspp. However, there was no synergy effect observed in the majority ofCandidaspp. for the combination of HC with 5-FC. The data of combination between HC with AMB may be useful in the treatment of systemic infections caused by oralCandidaspp. instead of the combination of HC with 5-FC.
authors.affiliation: Department of Oral Biology and Craniofacial Sciences, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
authors.forename: Wan Harun
authors.initials: WH
authors.lastname: Himratul-Aznita
authors.affiliation: Department of Oral Biology and Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
authors.forename: Che Omran
authors.initials: CO
authors.lastname: Nor-Zulaila
authors.affiliation: Department of Oral Biology and Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
authors.forename: Khairuddin
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Nurul-Fatihah
keywords: Amphotericin B; Candida; Hydroxychavicol; Synergistic