title: Prenatal Exposure to Glycol Ethers and Neurocognitive Abilities in 6-Year-Old Children: The PELAGIE Cohort Study.
abstract: Glycol ethers (GE) are widely used organic solvents. Despite the potential neurotoxicity of several families of organic solvents, little is known about the impact of GE on the neurodevelopment of infants and children.
  
  
  
  We investigated the relation between urinary concentrations of GE metabolites in pregnant women and neurocognitive abilities in their 6-year-old children in the PELAGIE mother-child cohort.
  
  
  
  Five GE metabolites were measured in first morning void urine samples of 204 French pregnant women in early pregnancy (< 19 weeks of gestation). Psychologists assessed the neurocognitive abilities of their 6-year-old children with the Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children IV (WISC) and the Developmental Neuropsychological Assessment (NEPSY). We analyzed the results with linear (WISC) and Poisson regression models (NEPSY), adjusted for potential confounders, including child's stimulation at home.
  
  
  
  GE metabolites were detected in 90-100% of maternal urine samples. The WISC Verbal Comprehension score was significantly lower for children with the highest tertile of urinary phenoxyacetic acid (PhAA) [β (third vs. first tertile) = -6.53; 95% CI: -11.44, -1.62]. Similarly, the NEPSY Design Copying subtest score was lower in those with the highest tertile of urinary ethoxyacetic acid (EAA) [β (third vs. first tertile) = -0.11; 95% CI: -0.21, 0.00]. The other GE metabolites we studied were not significantly associated with WISC or NEPSY scores.
  
  
  
  Prenatal urine concentrations of two GE metabolites were associated with lower WISC Verbal Comprehension Index scores and NEPSY Design Copying subscale scores, respectively, at age 6 years. PhAA is the primary metabolite of 2-phenoxyethanol (EGPhE), which is commonly found in cosmetics, and precursors of EAA are frequently used in cleaning agents. Additional research is needed to confirm our findings and further explore potential effects of prenatal GE exposures on neurocognitive performance in children.
authors.affiliation: INSERM (Institut national de la santé et de la recherche médicale) U1085-IRSET, University Rennes 1, Rennes, France.
authors.forename: Rémi
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Béranger
authors.forename: Ronan
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Garlantézec
authors.forename: Gaïd
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Le Maner-Idrissi
authors.forename: Agnès
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Lacroix
authors.forename: Florence
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Rouget
authors.forename: Jessica
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Trowbridge
authors.forename: Charline
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Warembourg
authors.forename: Christine
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Monfort
authors.forename: Florent
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Le Gléau
authors.forename: Marylène
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Jourdin
authors.forename: Luc
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Multigner
authors.forename: Sylvaine
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Cordier
authors.forename: Cécile
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Chevrier
mesh_terms: D002648:Child; D004987:Ethers / Q000633:toxicity / Q000652:urine; D005026:Ethylene Glycols / Q000378:metabolism; D005260:Female; D005602:France / Q000453:epidemiology; D006018:Glycols / Q000633:toxicity / Q000652:urine; D015386:Hazardous Substances / Q000633:toxicity* / Q000652:urine; D006801:Humans; D007361:Intelligence Tests; D008297:Male; D018811:Maternal Exposure / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D009483:Neuropsychological Tests; D011247:Pregnancy; D011297:Prenatal Exposure Delayed Effects / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000652:urine; D012997:Solvents / Q000378:metabolism / Q000633:toxicity*; D014888:Wechsler Scales
chemical_list: D004987:Ethers; D005026:Ethylene Glycols; D006018:Glycols; D015386:Hazardous Substances; D012997:Solvents; C005398:phenoxyethanol