title: Gustatory Salivation Is Associated with Body Mass Index, Daytime Sleepiness, and Snoring in Healthy Young Adults.
abstract: The taste detection system for oral fatty acid may be related to obesity. In addition, sleep is intrinsically and closely related to food intake and metabolism. However, the association of gustatory salivation with body mass index (BMI), daytime sleepiness, or sleep habits is largely unknown. Therefore, we evaluated the relationship between gustatory salivation and BMI, Epworth sleepiness scale (ESS, a daytime sleepiness scale) or sleep habits among 26 healthy young individuals (20 males and 6 females; mean age: 26.0 ± 4.3 years). We also measured the saliva flow rate (SFR) that was induced by gum-chewing or each of three prototypical tastants (acetic acid, sucrose, and NaCl). Further, the SFR was induced by fatty acid, provided as oleic acid (OA) homogenized in non-fat milk. All participants showed normal rates of salivation during resting and gum-chewing states. The increase in the SFR induced by OA, but not by each of the three tastants, was associated with BMI. Moreover, both daytime sleepiness level and frequency of snoring were associated with the increase in the SFR induced by NaCl. These results suggest that BMI is associated with salivation induced by oral fatty acid exposure. Additionally, the regulatory mechanism for the NaCl-induced salivation reflex may have a relationship with impairments of the respiratory control system that are related to snoring during sleep and lead to daytime sleepiness because of insufficient sleep. Thus, measurement of gustatory salivation might contribute to the evaluation and prevention of obesity and sleep-related breathing disorders.
authors.affiliation: Division of Oral Physiology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Dentistry.
authors.forename: Satoshi
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Izumi
authors.forename: Guang
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Hong
authors.forename: Koh
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Iwasaki
authors.forename: Masayuki
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Izumi
authors.forename: Yusuke
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Matsuyama
authors.forename: Mirei
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Chiba
authors.forename: Takashi
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Toda
authors.forename: Tada-Aki
authors.initials: TA
authors.lastname: Kudo
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D015992:Body Mass Index; D005260:Female; D006262:Health; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008409:Mastication / Q000187:drug effects; D019301:Oleic Acid / Q000494:pharmacology; D012146:Rest; D012212:Rheology / Q000187:drug effects; D012472:Salivation / Q000187:drug effects; D012890:Sleep / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology*; D012913:Snoring / Q000503:physiopathology*; D012965:Sodium Chloride / Q000494:pharmacology; D013395:Sucrose / Q000494:pharmacology; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D013649:Taste / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology*; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D019301:Oleic Acid; D012965:Sodium Chloride; D013395:Sucrose