title: Psychosocial Assessment by Hospice Social Workers: A Content Review of Instruments From a National Sample.
abstract: Hospice social workers are charged with completing a psychosocial assessment for every new enrollee. This assessment is part of the patient's comprehensive assessment and serves to inform the plan of care and key quality indicators.
  
  
  
  To review the content of hospice social work assessments because little is known about what assessment topics are included or overlooked.
  
  
  
  Using a cluster random sample from all 50 states, we contacted hospice agencies and requested a blank copy of the social work assessment completed at intake. We then systematically reviewed the content of these assessments to determine which domains were included and which were omitted. A total of 105 hospice agencies participated (response rate 42%). Among the assessments provided, 76 (72%) were unique assessments.
  
  
  
  Participating hospices were largely freestanding (65%), nonprofit (60%), and either medium (39%) or small (37%) in terms of average daily census. Over 60% of the sample, assessments included content on the following: financial resources; family structure; coping resources; bereavement risk; past losses; caregiver depression; religiosity/spirituality; patient anxiety, patient depression; and advance directives. However, most assessments did not include items evaluating the following: patient physical/functional status; preferences for treatment/care; awareness of diagnosis, prognosis, or disease progression; communication and literacy issues; changes in relationship intimacy/sexuality; and cultural values, beliefs, and customs.
  
  
  
  Hospice social workers should consider modifying their assessment practices to include a comprehensive array of assessment topics pertinent to patients and families. An accurate, comprehensive assessment that contributes to a holistic, interdisciplinary approach will likely lead to better clinical outcomes.
authors.affiliation: University of Maryland, Baltimore, Maryland, USA. Electronic address: jcagle@ssw.umaryland.edu.
authors.forename: John G
authors.initials: JG
authors.lastname: Cagle
authors.affiliation: Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida, USA.
authors.forename: Philip
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Osteen
authors.affiliation: University of Maryland, Baltimore, Maryland, USA.
authors.forename: Paul
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Sacco
authors.affiliation: University of Maryland, Baltimore, Maryland, USA.
authors.forename: Jodi
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Jacobson Frey
mesh_terms: D016223:Advance Directives; D017028:Caregivers; D017051:Hospice Care / Q000523:psychology*; D006738:Hospices; D006801:Humans; D010347:Patient Care Planning; D000068217:Social Workers
keywords: Hospice; end-of-life; palliative care; psychosocial assessment; screening; social work