title: Two-Photon Photoexcited Photodynamic Therapy and Contrast Agent with Antimicrobial Graphene Quantum Dots.
abstract: A graphene quantum dot (GQD) used as the photosensitizer with high two-photon absorption in the near-infrared region, a large absolute cross section of two-photon excitation (TPE), strong two-photon luminescence, and impressive two-photon stability could be used for dual modality two-photon photodynamic therapy (PDT) and two-photon bioimaging with an ultrashot pulse laser (or defined as TPE). In this study, a GQD efficiently generated reactive oxygen species coupled with TPE, which highly increased the effective PDT ability of both Gram-positive and -negative bacteria, with ultralow energy and an extremely short photoexcitation time generated by TPE. Because of its two-photon properties, a GQD could serve as a promising two-photon contrast agent for observing specimens in depth in three-dimensional biological environments while simultaneously proceeding with PDT action to eliminate bacteria, particularly in multidrug-resistant (MDR) strains. This procedure would provide an efficient alternative approach to easily cope with MDR bacteria.
authors.affiliation: College of Photonics, National Chiao Tung University , Tainan 711, Taiwan ( R.O.C ).
authors.forename: Wen-Shuo
authors.initials: WS
authors.lastname: Kuo
authors.affiliation: College of Photonics, National Chiao Tung University , Tainan 711, Taiwan ( R.O.C ).
authors.forename: Chia-Yuan
authors.initials: CY
authors.lastname: Chang
authors.affiliation: Department of Food Science, National Penghu University of Science and Technology , Penghu 880, Taiwan ( R.O.C ).
authors.forename: Hua-Han
authors.initials: HH
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.forename: Chih-Li Lilian
authors.initials: CL
authors.lastname: Hsu
authors.forename: Jiu-Yao
authors.initials: JY
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: Department of Nursing, National Tainan Junior College of Nursing , Tainan 700, Taiwan ( R.O.C ).
authors.forename: Hui-Fang
authors.initials: HF
authors.lastname: Kao
authors.forename: Lawrence Chao-Shan
authors.initials: LC
authors.lastname: Chou
authors.forename: Yi-Chun
authors.initials: YC
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.affiliation: College of Photonics, National Chiao Tung University , Tainan 711, Taiwan ( R.O.C ).
authors.forename: Shean-Jen
authors.initials: SJ
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.forename: Wen-Tsan
authors.initials: WT
authors.lastname: Chang
authors.forename: Shih-Wen
authors.initials: SW
authors.lastname: Tseng
authors.forename: Ping-Ching
authors.initials: PC
authors.lastname: Wu
authors.affiliation: Department of Materials Science, National University of Tainan , Tainan 700, Taiwan ( R.O.C ).
authors.forename: Ying-Chih
authors.initials: YC
authors.lastname: Pu
mesh_terms: D000890:Anti-Infective Agents; D003287:Contrast Media; D006108:Graphite; D010778:Photochemotherapy; D045663:Quantum Dots
chemical_list: D000890:Anti-Infective Agents; D003287:Contrast Media; D006108:Graphite
keywords: graphene quantum dot; multidrug resistant; reactive oxygen species; three-dimensional two-photon bioimaging; two-photon photodynamic therapy