title: Microwave-induced porosity and bioactivation of chitosan-PEGDA scaffolds: morphology, mechanical properties and osteogenic differentiation.
abstract: In this study, a new foaming method, based on physical foaming combined with microwave-induced curing, is proposed in combination with a surface bioactivation to develop scaffold for bone tissue regeneration. In the first step of the process, a stable physical foaming was induced using a surfactant (Pluronic) as blowing agent of a homogeneous blend of Chitosan and polyethylene glycol diacrylate (PEGDA700) solutions. In the second step, the porous structure of the foaming was chemically stabilized by radical polymerization induced by homogeneous heating of the sample in a microwave reactor. In this step, 2,2-azobis[2-(2-imidazolin-2yl)propane]dihydrochloride was used as thermoinitiator (TI). Chitosan and PEGDA were mixed in different blends to investigate the influence of the composition on the final properties of the material. The chemical properties of each sample were evaluated by infrared attenuated total reflectance analysis, before and after curing in order to maximize reaction yield and optimize kinetic parameters (i.e. time curing, microwave power). Absorption capacity, elastic modulus, porosity and morphology of the porous structure were measured for each sample. The stability of materials was evaluated in vitro by degradation test in phosphate-buffered saline. To improve the bioactivity and biological properties of chitosan scaffold, a biomineralization process was used. Biological characterization was carried out with the aim to prove the effect of biomineralization scaffold on human mesenchymal stem cells behaviour. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
authors.affiliation: Department of Engineering for Innovation, University of Salento, Lecce, Italy.
authors.forename: Christian
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Demitri
authors.affiliation: Department of Engineering for Innovation, University of Salento, Lecce, Italy.
authors.forename: Antonella
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Giuri
authors.affiliation: Department of Engineering for Innovation, University of Salento, Lecce, Italy.
authors.forename: Vincenzo Maria
authors.initials: VM
authors.lastname: De Benedictis
authors.affiliation: Institute of Polymers, Composites and Biomaterials (IPCB), National Research Council of Italy Mostra d'Oltremare Pad.20, Naples, Italy.
authors.forename: Maria Grazia
authors.identifier: 0000-0002-0516-4181
authors.initials: MG
authors.lastname: Raucci
authors.affiliation: Institute of Polymers, Composites and Biomaterials (IPCB), National Research Council of Italy Mostra d'Oltremare Pad.20, Naples, Italy.
authors.forename: Daniela
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Giugliano
authors.affiliation: Department of Engineering for Innovation, University of Salento, Lecce, Italy.
authors.forename: Alessandro
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Sannino
authors.affiliation: Institute of Polymers, Composites and Biomaterials (IPCB), National Research Council of Italy Mostra d'Oltremare Pad.20, Naples, Italy.|Department of Chemicals Science and Materials Technology, National Research Council of Italy (DSCTM-CNR), Rome, Italy.
authors.forename: Luigi
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Ambrosio
mesh_terms: D001672:Biocompatible Materials; D001842:Bone and Bones / Q000187:drug effects; D002113:Calcification, Physiologic / Q000187:drug effects; D002454:Cell Differentiation; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D048271:Chitosan / Q000737:chemistry*; D019245:Compressive Strength; D006801:Humans; D008422:Materials Testing; D059630:Mesenchymal Stem Cells / Q000166:cytology; D008872:Microwaves; D010012:Osteogenesis; D011092:Polyethylene Glycols / Q000737:chemistry*; D016062:Porosity; D012038:Regeneration; D013314:Stress, Mechanical; D023822:Tissue Engineering / Q000379:methods; D054457:Tissue Scaffolds / Q000737:chemistry*
chemical_list: D001672:Biocompatible Materials; C437167:poly(ethylene glycol)diacrylate; D011092:Polyethylene Glycols; D048271:Chitosan
keywords: PEGDA; chitosan; osteogenic differentiation; scaffolds