title: Measuring common responses to psychosis: Assessing the psychometric properties of a new measure.
abstract: Responses to psychotic experiences are central to cognitive models of psychosis. The current study aimed to develop and validate a self-report measure of common responses to the experience of psychosis. This measure is needed as cognitive and behavioural responses are implicated in the maintenance of psychosis, but there is currently no measure that comprehensively assesses these maintaining factors. The Measure of Common Responses to psychosis (MCR) was developed and utilised in a sample of 487 participants who met criteria for treatment-resistant schizophrenia. Principal components analysis using data from 287 participants reduced the initial item pool of 31 items to 15 items with a three component structure. The components represented social control and reassurance seeking, threat monitoring and avoidance and conscious self-regulation attempts. Confirmatory factor analysis using data from the remaining 200 participants generally supported this three factor structure. The three subscales were found to have good internal consistency and convergent validity. The MCR, therefore, appears to be a useful tool to identify and monitor response styles, and could be utilised in further research to increase our understanding of the complex relationships between responses, symptoms and distress. It can also be used in clinical practice to elicit information that will be helpful in the psychological formulation and treatment of psychosis.
authors.affiliation: School of Psychological Sciences, University of Manchester, UK; Psychosis Research Unit, Greater Manchester West NHS Trust, UK. Electronic address: Sarah.tully@gmw.nhs.uk.
authors.forename: Sarah
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Tully
authors.affiliation: School of Psychological Sciences, University of Manchester, UK.
authors.forename: Adrian
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Wells
authors.affiliation: Psychosis Research Unit, Greater Manchester West NHS Trust, UK.
authors.forename: Melissa
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Pyle
authors.affiliation: Health Services Research Unit, University of Aberdeen, UK.
authors.forename: Jemma
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Hudson
authors.affiliation: Institute of Health and Wellbeing, University of Glasgow, UK.
authors.forename: Andrew
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Gumley
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, UK.
authors.forename: David
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Kingdon
authors.affiliation: School of Health in Social Science, University of Edinburgh, UK.
authors.forename: Matthias
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Schwannauer
authors.affiliation: The Institute of Neuroscience, Newcastle University, UK.
authors.forename: Douglas
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Turkington
authors.affiliation: School of Psychological Sciences, University of Manchester, UK; Psychosis Research Unit, Greater Manchester West NHS Trust, UK.
authors.forename: Anthony P
authors.initials: AP
authors.lastname: Morrison
mesh_terms: D000223:Adaptation, Psychological; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D001362:Avoidance Learning; D005163:Factor Analysis, Statistical; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D025341:Principal Component Analysis; D011569:Psychiatric Status Rating Scales; D011594:Psychometrics; D011618:Psychotic Disorders / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000523:psychology* / Q000628:therapy; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D012559:Schizophrenia / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000628:therapy; D012565:Schizophrenic Psychology; D057566:Self Report; D000068356:Self-Control; D012919:Social Behavior; D055815:Young Adult
keywords: Coping; Psychosis; Safety-seeking behaviours; Schizophrenia; Self-regulation