title: No association between TGF-β1 polymorphisms and risk of nasopharyngeal carcinoma in a large North African case-control study.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Genetic susceptibility plays a key role in the development of nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) and in fact the disease presents with an unusually high incidence in certain regions of the world like North Africa. We investigated the association between polymorphism of the Transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1) and risk of NPC in North Africa. TGF-β1 is a multifunctional cytokine that acts as both a tumor suppressor and a stimulator of cancer development; it has been shown to influence risk of numerous other carcinomas including lung, breast and prostate cancer.
  
  
  METHODS
  TGF-β1 polymorphisms C-509T and T869C were studied in a large North African sample of 384 NPC cases and 361 controls, matched for age, sex and urban or rural residence in childhood. Genotypes were determined using polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism.
  
  
  RESULTS
  No association was observed between individual single nucleotide polymorphisms or their haplotypes and NPC susceptibility (for TGF-β1 C-509T: OR = 0.74; 95 % CI 0.46 - 1.18; for TGF-β1 T869C: OR = 0.86; 95 % CI 0.56 - 1.31), even when the samples were stratified by age, gender and TNM stage.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Contrary to what has been observed in Asian samples, in our North African sample, the TGF-β1 C-509T and T869C polymorphisms did not substantially influence NPC susceptibility.
authors.affiliation: Oncovirology Laboratory, Institut Pasteur du Maroc, 1 Place Louis Pasteur, 20360, Casablanca, Morocco. wafa.khaali@gmail.com.|Departement of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, Abdelmalek Essaadi University, 93030, Tetouan, Morocco. wafa.khaali@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Wafa
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Khaali
authors.affiliation: Oncovirology Laboratory, Institut Pasteur du Maroc, 1 Place Louis Pasteur, 20360, Casablanca, Morocco.
authors.forename: Khalid
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Moumad
authors.affiliation: Departement of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, Abdelmalek Essaadi University, 93030, Tetouan, Morocco.
authors.forename: El Khalil
authors.initials: EK
authors.lastname: Ben Driss
authors.affiliation: Service de Radiothérapie, Centre d'oncologie Ibn Rochd, 20360, Casablanca, Morocco.
authors.forename: Abdellatif
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Benider
authors.affiliation: Association Tunisienne de Lutte Contre le Cancer, 10006, Tunis, Tunisia.
authors.forename: Wided
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Ben Ayoub
authors.affiliation: Service d'épidémiologie, CHU de Sétif, 1900, Sétif, Algeria.
authors.forename: Mokhtar
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Hamdi-Cherif
authors.affiliation: Service de Radiothérapie Oncologique, Centre Anti-Cancer de Blida, 09000, Blida, Algeria.
authors.forename: Kada
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Boualga
authors.affiliation: Molecular Immuno-Oncology Laboratory, Faculty of Medicine, Monastir University, 5019, Monastir, Tunisia.
authors.forename: Elham
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Hassen
authors.affiliation: Who Regional Office for Europe, Marmorvej 51, DK-2100, Copenhagen, Denmark.
authors.forename: Marilys
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Corbex
authors.affiliation: Oncovirology Laboratory, Institut Pasteur du Maroc, 1 Place Louis Pasteur, 20360, Casablanca, Morocco. meriem.khyatti@pasteur.ma.
authors.forename: Meriem
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Khyatti
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000352:Africa, Northern; D000483:Alleles; D002277:Carcinoma; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D004247:DNA / Q000737:chemistry / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000378:metabolism; D005260:Female; D005787:Gene Frequency; D020022:Genetic Predisposition to Disease; D005838:Genotype; D006239:Haplotypes; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D000077274:Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma; D009303:Nasopharyngeal Neoplasms / Q000235:genetics* / Q000473:pathology; D016017:Odds Ratio; D020641:Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide / Q000235:genetics*; D053773:Transforming Growth Factor beta1 / Q000235:genetics*
chemical_list: D053773:Transforming Growth Factor beta1; D004247:DNA
keywords: Genetic susceptibility; Nasopharyngeal carcinoma; North African population; Single nucleotide polymorphisms; TGF-β1