title: Genetic Architecture of Flowering-Time Variation in Brachypodium distachyon.
abstract: The transition to reproductive development is a crucial step in the plant life cycle, and the timing of this transition is an important factor in crop yields. Here, we report new insights into the genetic control of natural variation in flowering time in Brachypodium distachyon, a nondomesticated pooid grass closely related to cereals such as wheat (Triticum spp.) and barley (Hordeum vulgare L.). A recombinant inbred line population derived from a cross between the rapid-flowering accession Bd21 and the delayed-flowering accession Bd1-1 were grown in a variety of environmental conditions to enable exploration of the genetic architecture of flowering time. A genotyping-by-sequencing approach was used to develop SNP markers for genetic map construction, and quantitative trait loci (QTLs) that control differences in flowering time were identified. Many of the flowering-time QTLs are detected across a range of photoperiod and vernalization conditions, suggesting that the genetic control of flowering within this population is robust. The two major QTLs identified in undomesticated B. distachyon colocalize with VERNALIZATION1/PHYTOCHROME C and VERNALIZATION2, loci identified as flowering regulators in the domesticated crops wheat and barley. This suggests that variation in flowering time is controlled in part by a set of genes broadly conserved within pooid grasses.
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Genetics, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706 (D.P.W., R.M.A.).|United States Department of Energy Great Lakes Bioenergy Research Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706 (D.P.W., R.M.A.).|Department of Biochemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706 (D.P.W., R.B., F.B., R.M.A.).|United States Department of Energy Joint Genome Institute, Walnut Creek, California 94598 (S.P.G., J.P.V.); and.|USDA-ARS Plant Science Research Unit, University of Minnesota, Department of Agronomy and Plant Genetics, St. Paul, Minnesota 55108 (D.F.G.).
authors.forename: Daniel P
authors.identifier: 0000-0002-1498-5707
authors.initials: DP
authors.lastname: Woods
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Genetics, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706 (D.P.W., R.M.A.).|United States Department of Energy Great Lakes Bioenergy Research Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706 (D.P.W., R.M.A.).|Department of Biochemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706 (D.P.W., R.B., F.B., R.M.A.).|United States Department of Energy Joint Genome Institute, Walnut Creek, California 94598 (S.P.G., J.P.V.); and.|USDA-ARS Plant Science Research Unit, University of Minnesota, Department of Agronomy and Plant Genetics, St. Paul, Minnesota 55108 (D.F.G.).
authors.forename: Ryland
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Bednarek
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Genetics, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706 (D.P.W., R.M.A.).|United States Department of Energy Great Lakes Bioenergy Research Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706 (D.P.W., R.M.A.).|Department of Biochemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706 (D.P.W., R.B., F.B., R.M.A.).|United States Department of Energy Joint Genome Institute, Walnut Creek, California 94598 (S.P.G., J.P.V.); and.|USDA-ARS Plant Science Research Unit, University of Minnesota, Department of Agronomy and Plant Genetics, St. Paul, Minnesota 55108 (D.F.G.).
authors.forename: Frédéric
authors.identifier: 0000-0002-8017-0071
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Bouché
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Genetics, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706 (D.P.W., R.M.A.).|United States Department of Energy Great Lakes Bioenergy Research Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706 (D.P.W., R.M.A.).|Department of Biochemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706 (D.P.W., R.B., F.B., R.M.A.).|United States Department of Energy Joint Genome Institute, Walnut Creek, California 94598 (S.P.G., J.P.V.); and.|USDA-ARS Plant Science Research Unit, University of Minnesota, Department of Agronomy and Plant Genetics, St. Paul, Minnesota 55108 (D.F.G.).
authors.forename: Sean P
authors.identifier: 0000-0003-3431-5804
authors.initials: SP
authors.lastname: Gordon
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Genetics, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706 (D.P.W., R.M.A.).|United States Department of Energy Great Lakes Bioenergy Research Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706 (D.P.W., R.M.A.).|Department of Biochemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706 (D.P.W., R.B., F.B., R.M.A.).|United States Department of Energy Joint Genome Institute, Walnut Creek, California 94598 (S.P.G., J.P.V.); and.|USDA-ARS Plant Science Research Unit, University of Minnesota, Department of Agronomy and Plant Genetics, St. Paul, Minnesota 55108 (D.F.G.).
authors.forename: John P
authors.identifier: 0000-0003-1786-2689
authors.initials: JP
authors.lastname: Vogel
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Genetics, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706 (D.P.W., R.M.A.).|United States Department of Energy Great Lakes Bioenergy Research Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706 (D.P.W., R.M.A.).|Department of Biochemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706 (D.P.W., R.B., F.B., R.M.A.).|United States Department of Energy Joint Genome Institute, Walnut Creek, California 94598 (S.P.G., J.P.V.); and.|USDA-ARS Plant Science Research Unit, University of Minnesota, Department of Agronomy and Plant Genetics, St. Paul, Minnesota 55108 (D.F.G.).
authors.forename: David F
authors.initials: DF
authors.lastname: Garvin
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Genetics, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706 (D.P.W., R.M.A.); amasino@biochem.wisc.edu.|United States Department of Energy Great Lakes Bioenergy Research Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706 (D.P.W., R.M.A.); amasino@biochem.wisc.edu.|Department of Biochemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706 (D.P.W., R.B., F.B., R.M.A.); amasino@biochem.wisc.edu.|United States Department of Energy Joint Genome Institute, Walnut Creek, California 94598 (S.P.G., J.P.V.); and amasino@biochem.wisc.edu.|USDA-ARS Plant Science Research Unit, University of Minnesota, Department of Agronomy and Plant Genetics, St. Paul, Minnesota 55108 (D.F.G.) amasino@biochem.wisc.edu.
authors.forename: Richard M
authors.identifier: 0000-0003-3068-5402
authors.initials: RM
authors.lastname: Amasino
mesh_terms: D001483:Base Sequence; D058431:Brachypodium / Q000235:genetics*; D002874:Chromosome Mapping; D003433:Crosses, Genetic; D060146:Ecotype; D004777:Environment; D035264:Flowers / Q000235:genetics* / Q000502:physiology*; D017343:Genes, Plant; D014644:Genetic Variation; D005838:Genotype; D007178:Inbreeding; D009154:Mutation / Q000235:genetics; D010641:Phenotype; D010940:Plant Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D040641:Quantitative Trait Loci / Q000235:genetics; D013997:Time Factors
chemical_list: D010940:Plant Proteins