title: Virological Surveillance of Influenza in Four Recent Post-Pandemic Seasons (2010/11 to 2013/14) in Bulgaria.
abstract: Influenza virological surveillance is an essential tool for studying the evolution of influenza viruses as well as for annual updating of the vaccine composition. The aim of the present study is to analyse the circulation of the influenza viruses in Bulgaria during the four recent post-pandemic seasons.
  
  
  
  A total of 3,681 respiratory samples from patients with influenza like illness (ILI) or acute respiratory illness (ARI) were tested for influenza viruses using Real Time RT-PCR.
  
  
  
  Influenza viruses were detected in 1,367 (37%) samples. Of those viruses, 941 (69%) were of type A and 426 (31%) of type B. Among the subtyped A viruses, 543 (60%) were A(H1N1)pdm09 and 369 (40%) A(H3N2). Co-circulation of all seasonal influenza types/subtypes was registered during each season, with the exception of A(H1N1)pdm09 virus in the 2011/12 season. In this study, data gathered from the antigenic and genetic analyses of influenza viruses, their antiviral susceptibility, and the epidemiological and clinical characteristics of the infections are presented.
  
  
  
  Yearly variations in the distribution and frequency of influenza types/subtypes and an annual shift of the predominant type/subtype were observed. In the seasons with predominant spread of A(H1N1)pdm09 virus - 2010/11 and 2013/14, a greater number of influenza-related pneumonia cases, ICU admissions and fatal cases was registered (p<0.05). The results of the present study confirm the need for continuous and comprehensive influenza surveillance.
authors.affiliation: National Reference Laboratory "Influenza and ARD", National Centre of Infectious and Parasitic Diseases, Sofia, Bulgaria.
authors.forename: Neli
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Korsun
authors.affiliation: National Reference Laboratory "Influenza and ARD", National Centre of Infectious and Parasitic Diseases, Sofia, Bulgaria.
authors.forename: Svetla
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Angelova
authors.affiliation: National Reference Laboratory "Influenza and ARD", National Centre of Infectious and Parasitic Diseases, Sofia, Bulgaria.
authors.forename: Ani
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Teodosieva
mesh_terms: D017677:Age Distribution; D002031:Bulgaria / Q000453:epidemiology; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007251:Influenza, Human / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000821:virology*; D008297:Male; D058873:Pandemics; D011159:Population Surveillance; D060888:Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction; D012621:Seasons
keywords: antigenic and genetic characterizations; influenza; neurologic complications; pneumonia