title: Joint Influence of Visual and Auditory Words in the Stroop Task.
abstract: We conducted four Stroop color-word experiments to examine how multiple stimuli influence interference. Experiments 1a and 1b showed that interference was strong when the word and color were integrated, and that visual and auditory words made independent contributions to interference when these words had different meanings. Experiments 2 and 3 confirmed this pattern when the word information and color information were not integrated, and hence when overall interference was substantially less. Auditory and visual interference effects are comparable except when the visual distracter is integrated with the color, in which case interference is substantially enhanced. Overall, these results are interpreted as being most consistent with a joint influence account of interference as opposed to a capture account.
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychology, University of Texas at El Paso, 500 W. University Ave, El Paso, TX, 79968, USA. wfrancis@utep.edu.
authors.forename: Wendy S
authors.initials: WS
authors.lastname: Francis
authors.affiliation: University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON, N2L 3G1, Canada.
authors.forename: Colin M
authors.initials: CM
authors.lastname: MacLeod
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychology, University of Texas at El Paso, 500 W. University Ave, El Paso, TX, 79968, USA.
authors.forename: Randolph S
authors.initials: RS
authors.lastname: Taylor
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001288:Attention / Q000502:physiology*; D003118:Color Perception / Q000502:physiology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D010364:Pattern Recognition, Visual / Q000502:physiology*; D013067:Speech Perception / Q000502:physiology*; D057190:Stroop Test; D055815:Young Adult
keywords: Interference; Modality; Selective attention; Stroop effect