title: Dexmedetomidine as an adjuvant to levobupivacaine in supraclavicular brachial plexus block: A novel anesthetic approach.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Supplementation of dexmedetomidine produces a dose-dependent sedation, anxiolysis and analgesia without respiratory depression. This study was conducted to evaluate the possible effect of dexmedetomidine as an adjuvant to levobupivacaine for supraclavicular brachial plexus block in upper limb surgery.
  
  
  METHODS
  Tertiary care institute, Department of Anaesthesiology and Intensive Care, a placebo-controlled study.
  
  
  METHODS
  After obtaining Ethical Committee approval, a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study was conducted on sixty American Society of Anesthesiologists physical status I and II patients in the age group of 18-60 years, divided randomly into two groups, Group I received 30 ml of 0.5% levobupivacaine with 1 ml of isotonic sodium chloride solution and Group II received 30 ml of 0.5% levobupivacaine and 1 ml (100 mcg) of dexmedetomidine for supraclavicular brachial plexus block. The onset and duration of sensory and motor blockade, duration of analgesia (DOA) and any adverse effects were noted. At the end of the study, data were compiled and analyzed using appropriate statistical tests. The value ofP< 0.05 was considered significant.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Demographic profile was comparable in both the groups. The time to onset of sensory and motor block was 10.54 ± 2.333 min and 12.21 ± 2.529 min in Group I while it was 3.24 ± 0.951 min and 2.83 ± 1.197 min in Group II, respectively. The duration of sensory and motor block was 7.79 ± 2.007 h and 9.18 ± 1.701 h in Group I, and it was 16.31 ± 2.606 h and 17.52 ± 2.098 h in Group II, respectively. The DOA was 678.68 ± 20.492 min in Group I and 1273.79 ± 83.139 min in Group II. On statistical comparison, these values were highly significant (P< 0.001). Side effects such as nausea, vomiting, hypoxemia, pruritis, or urinary retention were not observed in either of the groups.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Dexmedetomidine shortens the onset time for sensory and motor block significantly and prolongs DOA as well when used with levobupivacaine for supraclavicular brachial plexus block, without increasing the incidence of any adverse effects.
authors.affiliation: Department of Anaesthesiology and Intensive Care, SGRD Medical College, Amritsar, Punjab, India.
authors.forename: Arvinder Pal
authors.initials: AP
authors.lastname: Singh
authors.affiliation: Department of Anaesthesiology and Intensive Care, SGRD Medical College, Amritsar, Punjab, India.
authors.forename: Malika
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Mahindra
authors.affiliation: Department of Anaesthesiology and Intensive Care, SGRD Medical College, Amritsar, Punjab, India.
authors.forename: Ruchi
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Gupta
authors.affiliation: Department of Anaesthesiology and Intensive Care, Adesh Hospital, Patiala, Punjab, India.
authors.forename: Sukhminder Jit Singh
authors.initials: SJ
authors.lastname: Bajwa
keywords: Dexmedetomidine; levobupivacaine; supraclavicular brachial plexus block