title: Anticancer effects of morin-7-sulphate sodium, a flavonoid derivative, in mouse melanoma cells.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Increasing evidence supports the anticancer effects of morin in vitro and in vivo. However, the role of morin-7-sulphate sodium (NaMoS), a water-soluble flavonoid derivative synthesized from morin remains unclear. The present study investigated the tumor suppression by NaMoS in mouse melanoma cells.
  
  
  METHODS
  We synthesized the flavonoid derivative morin-7-sulphate sodium according to the method described for quercetin-sulphate derivative, and further isolated, purified and identified the compound. Cell proliferation in vitro was assessed using a CCK-8 assay. The wound healing assay was performed to evaluate cell motility, and flow cytometry was used to detect cellular apoptosis. Protein levels of vimentin, matrix metalloproteinase 9 (MMP9), phosphorylation of Akt1/2/3 (p-Akt1/2/3), extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2 (p-ERK1/2) and Caspase3 in B16F10 cells were detected by immunohistochemistry and Western blot.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The results suggest that cell proliferation was markedly decreased in NaMoS-treated groups (1, 10, 25, 50, 100, 500, 1000μM) in a dose-dependent manner compared with the Control group and the IC50was 221.67μM at 48h. NaMoS at 200μM concentration significantly inhibited the invasion and promoted apoptosis of B16F10 cells. Moreover, protein level of Caspase3 increased significantly in B16F10 cells treated by NaMoS. Immunohistochemistry and Western blot further confirmed that NaMoS decreased the expression of vimentin, MMP9, p-Akt1/2/3 and p-ERK1/2 in B16F10 cells.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This study provides robust evidence that NaMoS, a water-soluble flavonoid, manifests anticancer properties and may act as a signal transduction inhibitor in melanoma cells.
authors.affiliation: Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan 523808, China.
authors.forename: Hua-Wen
authors.initials: HW
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan 523808, China.
authors.forename: Tang-Bin
authors.initials: TB
authors.lastname: Zou
authors.affiliation: Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan 523808, China.
authors.forename: Qing
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Jia
authors.affiliation: Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan 523808, China.
authors.forename: En-Qin
authors.initials: EQ
authors.lastname: Xia
authors.affiliation: Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan 523808, China.
authors.forename: Wen-Jun
authors.initials: WJ
authors.lastname: Cao
authors.affiliation: Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Medical Basic Sciences, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan 523808, China.
authors.forename: Wen
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.affiliation: Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan 523808, China. Electronic address: taipinghe@163.com.
authors.forename: Tai-Ping
authors.initials: TP
authors.lastname: He
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan 523808, China. Electronic address: wangqhb@163.com.
authors.forename: Qin
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Wang
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000970:Antineoplastic Agents / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D017209:Apoptosis / Q000187:drug effects; D045744:Cell Line, Tumor; D002465:Cell Movement / Q000187:drug effects; D049109:Cell Proliferation / Q000187:drug effects; D002851:Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; D048049:Extracellular Signal-Regulated MAP Kinases / Q000378:metabolism; D047309:Flavones / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D005419:Flavonoids / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D013058:Mass Spectrometry; D020780:Matrix Metalloproteinase 9 / Q000378:metabolism; D008546:Melanoma, Experimental / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000201:enzymology / Q000473:pathology; D051379:Mice; D051057:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-akt / Q000378:metabolism; D014746:Vimentin / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D000970:Antineoplastic Agents; D047309:Flavones; D005419:Flavonoids; D014746:Vimentin; C000614098:morin-7-sulfate; C008548:morin; D051057:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-akt; D048049:Extracellular Signal-Regulated MAP Kinases; D020780:Matrix Metalloproteinase 9
keywords: Apoptosis; Invasion; Melanoma cells; Morin-7-sulphate sodium; Proliferation