title: Clinical staging in bitches with mammary tumors: Influence of type and histological grade.
abstract: Breast tumors are the most common tumors in dogs and the study of disease prognostic factors is important for establishing the appropriate treatment protocols. The purpose of this study was to clinically stage mammary tumors of bitches and correlate the stages with histological type and grade. The tumors of 63 dogs were clinically staged based on the findings of tumor sizing, lymph node evaluation, and radiographic examination. After surgical excision, the tumors were classified histologically and graded. The relationship between the tumor grade, stage, and histological type was evaluated using a binomial test. Stage I tumors were the most numerous (31.75%), followed by tumors at stages II, III, IV, and V. Animals with histological grade I carcinomas presented stage I, II, or III tumors more frequently and stage IV and V tumors less frequently. The number of animals with simple carcinomas that were at stage I of the disease was greater than that at stage V. Carcinomas in the mixed tumors were less aggressive; however, the small number of animals in stage V of the disease made any statistical association impossible. The complex carcinomas presented with the invasion of the lymph nodes and less cellular differentiation in a larger number of animals than did simple carcinomas. Histological grading proved to be the best parameter for the prognostic evaluation of the breast carcinomas.
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Veterinary Pathology, Faculty of Animal Medicine, Federal University of Uberlândia, Av. Mato Grosso, 3289, Bloco 2S. Campus Umuarama. Uberlândia, MG. Brazil (Gundim, de Araújo, Blanca, Medeiros); Faculty of Mathematics, Federal University of Uberlândia, Av. João Naves de Ávila, 2121. Campus Santa Mônica. Uberlândia, MG. Brazil (Guimarães).
authors.forename: Lígia F
authors.initials: LF
authors.lastname: Gundim
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Veterinary Pathology, Faculty of Animal Medicine, Federal University of Uberlândia, Av. Mato Grosso, 3289, Bloco 2S. Campus Umuarama. Uberlândia, MG. Brazil (Gundim, de Araújo, Blanca, Medeiros); Faculty of Mathematics, Federal University of Uberlândia, Av. João Naves de Ávila, 2121. Campus Santa Mônica. Uberlândia, MG. Brazil (Guimarães).
authors.forename: Camila P
authors.initials: CP
authors.lastname: de Araújo
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Veterinary Pathology, Faculty of Animal Medicine, Federal University of Uberlândia, Av. Mato Grosso, 3289, Bloco 2S. Campus Umuarama. Uberlândia, MG. Brazil (Gundim, de Araújo, Blanca, Medeiros); Faculty of Mathematics, Federal University of Uberlândia, Av. João Naves de Ávila, 2121. Campus Santa Mônica. Uberlândia, MG. Brazil (Guimarães).
authors.forename: William T
authors.initials: WT
authors.lastname: Blanca
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Veterinary Pathology, Faculty of Animal Medicine, Federal University of Uberlândia, Av. Mato Grosso, 3289, Bloco 2S. Campus Umuarama. Uberlândia, MG. Brazil (Gundim, de Araújo, Blanca, Medeiros); Faculty of Mathematics, Federal University of Uberlândia, Av. João Naves de Ávila, 2121. Campus Santa Mônica. Uberlândia, MG. Brazil (Guimarães).
authors.forename: Ednaldo C
authors.initials: EC
authors.lastname: Guimarães
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Veterinary Pathology, Faculty of Animal Medicine, Federal University of Uberlândia, Av. Mato Grosso, 3289, Bloco 2S. Campus Umuarama. Uberlândia, MG. Brazil (Gundim, de Araújo, Blanca, Medeiros); Faculty of Mathematics, Federal University of Uberlândia, Av. João Naves de Ávila, 2121. Campus Santa Mônica. Uberlândia, MG. Brazil (Guimarães).
authors.forename: Alessandra A
authors.initials: AA
authors.lastname: Medeiros
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D004283:Dog Diseases / Q000473:pathology*; D004285:Dogs; D005260:Female; D015674:Mammary Neoplasms, Animal / Q000145:classification / Q000473:pathology*; D060787:Neoplasm Grading / Q000662:veterinary; D009367:Neoplasm Staging / Q000662:veterinary; D013902:Radiography, Thoracic / Q000662:veterinary