title: Unexpected complications with head and neck hydrogel microsphere particle embolization: A case series and a technical note.
abstract: Endovascular particle embolization is a common procedure with a relatively safe profile. We report here four cases in which cranial nerves, skin and mucosal ischemic complications occurred with the use of hydrogel microspheres (250-500 µm in size). Given the compressibility and higher penetration potential of microsphere particles compared with polyvinyl alcohol particles of similar size, we suggest oversizing hydrogel microsphere particles for head and neck embolizations.
authors.affiliation: 1 Department of Radiology, Centre Hospitalier de l'Universite de Montreal, Canada.
authors.forename: Naim N
authors.initials: NN
authors.lastname: Khoury
authors.affiliation: 2 Department of Neurosurgery, Centre Hospitalier de l'Universite de Montreal, Canada.
authors.forename: Pierre-Olivier
authors.initials: PO
authors.lastname: Champagne
authors.affiliation: 1 Department of Radiology, Centre Hospitalier de l'Universite de Montreal, Canada.
authors.forename: Marc
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kotowski
authors.affiliation: 1 Department of Radiology, Centre Hospitalier de l'Universite de Montreal, Canada.
authors.forename: Jean
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Raymond
authors.affiliation: 1 Department of Radiology, Centre Hospitalier de l'Universite de Montreal, Canada.
authors.forename: Daniel
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Roy
authors.affiliation: 1 Department of Radiology, Centre Hospitalier de l'Universite de Montreal, Canada.
authors.forename: Alain
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Weill
mesh_terms: D004172:Diplopia / Q000209:etiology*; D004621:Embolization, Therapeutic / Q000009:adverse effects*; D004844:Epistaxis / Q000473:pathology* / Q000628:therapy*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D020100:Hydrogels; D008297:Male; D008863:Microspheres; D008875:Middle Aged; D009336:Necrosis; D016155:Oral Fistula / Q000209:etiology* / Q000601:surgery*; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D020100:Hydrogels
keywords: Particles; cranial nerve palsy; embolization; ischemia; necrosis