title: Cerebrovascular pattern improved by ozone autohemotherapy: an entropy-based study on multiple sclerosis patients.
abstract: Ozone major autohemotherapy is effective in reducing the symptoms of multiple sclerosis (MS) patients, but its effects on brain are still not clear. In this work, we have monitored the changes in the cerebrovascular pattern of MS patients and normal subjects during major ozone autohemotherapy by using near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) as functional and vascular technique. NIRS signals are analyzed using a combination of time, time-frequency analysis and nonlinear analysis of intrinsic mode function signals obtained from empirical mode decomposition technique. Our results show that there is an improvement in the cerebrovascular pattern of all subjects indicated by increasing the entropy of the NIRS signals. Hence, we can conclude that the ozone therapy increases the brain metabolism and helps to recover from the lower activity levels which is predominant in MS patients.
authors.affiliation: Biolab, Department of Electronics and Telecommunications, Politecnico di Torino, Corso Duca degli Abruzzi 24, 10129, Turin, Italy. filippo.molinari@polito.it.
authors.forename: Filippo
authors.identifier: http://orcid.org/0000-0003-1150-2244
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Molinari
authors.affiliation: Biolab, Department of Electronics and Telecommunications, Politecnico di Torino, Corso Duca degli Abruzzi 24, 10129, Turin, Italy.
authors.forename: Daniele
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Rimini
authors.affiliation: "Un Passo Insieme" ONLUS Foundation, Valdellatorre, Turin, Italy.
authors.forename: William
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Liboni
authors.affiliation: Department of Electronics and Computer Engineering, Ngee Ann Polytechnic, Clementi, 599489, Singapore.|Department of Biomedical Engineering, SIM University, Clementi, Singapore.
authors.forename: U Rajendra
authors.initials: UR
authors.lastname: Acharya
authors.affiliation: Scientific Society of Oxygen Ozone Therapy (SIOOT), Gorle, BG, Italy.
authors.forename: Marianno
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Franzini
authors.affiliation: Scientific Society of Oxygen Ozone Therapy (SIOOT), Gorle, BG, Italy.
authors.forename: Sergio
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Pandolfi
authors.affiliation: Geriatric and Emergency Medicine, Postgraduate School in Emergency Medicine, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy.|Geriatric Division, ASP - IDR S. Margherita, Pavia, Italy.
authors.forename: Giovanni
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Ricevuti
authors.affiliation: Scientific Society of Oxygen Ozone Therapy (SIOOT), Gorle, BG, Italy.
authors.forename: Francesco
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Vaiano
authors.affiliation: Department of Internal Medicine and Medical Therapy, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy.
authors.forename: Luigi
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Valdenassi
authors.affiliation: "Kaos" ONLUS Foundation, Turin, Italy.
authors.forename: Vincenzo
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Simonetti
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001783:Blood Flow Velocity / Q000187:drug effects*; D001921:Brain / Q000187:drug effects / Q000503:physiopathology*; D001931:Brain Mapping; D002560:Cerebrovascular Circulation / Q000187:drug effects*; D019277:Entropy; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D009103:Multiple Sclerosis / Q000503:physiopathology* / Q000628:therapy*; D010101:Oxygen Consumption / Q000187:drug effects*; D010126:Ozone / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D019265:Spectroscopy, Near-Infrared / Q000379:methods; D013816:Thermodynamics; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D010126:Ozone
keywords: Cerebrovascular pattern; Empirical mode decomposition; Entropy; MANOVA; Multiple sclerosis; Near-infrared spectroscopy; Ozone autohemotherapy; Time–frequency