title: Longer latency of sensory response to intravenous odor injection predicts olfactory neural disorder.
abstract: A near loss of smell may result from conductive and/or neural olfactory disorders. However, an olfactory test to selectively detect neural disorders has not been established. We investigated whether onset latency of sensory response to intravenous odor injection can detect neural disorders in humans and mice. We showed that longer preoperative onset latency of odor recognition to intravenous odor in patients with chronic rhinosinusitis predicted worse recovery of olfactory symptoms following sinus surgery. The onset latency of the olfactory sensory neuron (OSN) response to intravenous odor using synaptopHluorin signals from OSN axon terminals was delayed in mice with reduced numbers of OSNs (neural disorder) but not with increased mucus or blocked orthonasal pathways (conductive disorders). Moreover, the increase in onset latency correlated with the decrease in mature OSN numbers. Longer onset latency to intravenous odor injection is a useful biomarker for presence and severity of olfactory disorders with neural etiology.
authors.affiliation: Departments of Otolaryngology, Graduate School of Medicine, University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8655, Japan.|Departments of Physiology, Graduate School of Medicine, University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8655, Japan.
authors.forename: Shu
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Kikuta
authors.affiliation: Departments of Otolaryngology, Graduate School of Medicine, University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8655, Japan.|Department of Materials Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, University of Tokyo, 7-3-1, Hongo, Bunkyo-Ku, Tokyo, 113-8656, Japan.
authors.forename: Yu
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Matsumoto
authors.affiliation: Department of Otolaryngology, Jikei University School of Medicine, Tokyo, 3-25-8 Nishishinbashi, Minato-ku, Tokyo, 105-8461, Japan.
authors.forename: Akihito
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Kuboki
authors.affiliation: Department of Otolaryngology, Jikei University School of Medicine, Tokyo, 3-25-8 Nishishinbashi, Minato-ku, Tokyo, 105-8461, Japan.
authors.forename: Tsuguhisa
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Nakayama
authors.affiliation: Department of Otolaryngology, Jikei University School of Medicine, Tokyo, 3-25-8 Nishishinbashi, Minato-ku, Tokyo, 105-8461, Japan.
authors.forename: Daiya
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Asaka
authors.affiliation: Department of Otolaryngology, Jikei University School of Medicine, Tokyo, 3-25-8 Nishishinbashi, Minato-ku, Tokyo, 105-8461, Japan.
authors.forename: Nobuyoshi
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Otori
authors.affiliation: Department of Otolaryngology, Jikei University School of Medicine, Tokyo, 3-25-8 Nishishinbashi, Minato-ku, Tokyo, 105-8461, Japan.
authors.forename: Hiromi
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Kojima
authors.affiliation: Departments of Otolaryngology, Graduate School of Medicine, University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8655, Japan.
authors.forename: Takashi
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Sakamoto
authors.affiliation: Departments of Otolaryngology, Graduate School of Medicine, University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8655, Japan.
authors.forename: Kashio
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Akinori
authors.affiliation: Departments of Otolaryngology, Graduate School of Medicine, University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8655, Japan.
authors.forename: Kaori
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Kanaya
authors.affiliation: Departments of Otolaryngology, Graduate School of Medicine, University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8655, Japan.
authors.forename: Rumi
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Ueha
authors.affiliation: Departments of Otolaryngology, Graduate School of Medicine, University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8655, Japan.
authors.forename: Ryoji
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Kagoya
authors.affiliation: Departments of Otolaryngology, Graduate School of Medicine, University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8655, Japan.
authors.forename: Hironobu
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Nishijima
authors.affiliation: Departments of Otolaryngology, Graduate School of Medicine, University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8655, Japan.
authors.forename: Makiko
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Toma-Hirano
authors.affiliation: Departments of Otolaryngology, Graduate School of Medicine, University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8655, Japan.
authors.forename: Yayoi
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Kikkawa
authors.affiliation: Departments of Otolaryngology, Graduate School of Medicine, University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8655, Japan.
authors.forename: Kenji
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Kondo
authors.affiliation: Department of Artificial Organs and Medical Device Creation, National Institute of Sensory Organs, Tokyo Medical Center, National Hospital Organization, Meguro-ku, Tokyo, 152-8902, Japan.
authors.forename: Koichi
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Tsunoda
authors.affiliation: Departments of Clinical trial data management, Graduate School of Medicine, University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8655, Japan.
authors.forename: Tempei
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Miyaji
authors.affiliation: Departments of Clinical trial data management, Graduate School of Medicine, University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8655, Japan.
authors.forename: Takuhiro
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Yamaguchi
authors.affiliation: Department of Materials Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, University of Tokyo, 7-3-1, Hongo, Bunkyo-Ku, Tokyo, 113-8656, Japan.
authors.forename: Kazunori
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Kataoka
authors.affiliation: Departments of Physiology, Graduate School of Medicine, University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8655, Japan.
authors.forename: Kensaku
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Mori
authors.affiliation: Departments of Otolaryngology, Graduate School of Medicine, University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8655, Japan.
authors.forename: Tatsuya
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Yamasoba
mesh_terms: D000200:Action Potentials / Q000502:physiology; D000328:Adult; D000818:Animals; D001369:Axons / Q000378:metabolism; D005260:Female; D006579:Heterozygote; D006801:Humans; D007678:Kidney Glomerulus / Q000378:metabolism; D008297:Male; D008713:Methimazole / Q000737:chemistry; D051379:Mice; D008875:Middle Aged; D015999:Multivariate Analysis; D009812:Odorants; D000857:Olfaction Disorders / Q000378:metabolism*; D009830:Olfactory Bulb / Q000378:metabolism*; D018034:Olfactory Receptor Neurons / Q000502:physiology*; D010862:Pilocarpine / Q000737:chemistry; D018035:Receptors, Odorant / Q000378:metabolism*; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012852:Sinusitis / Q000378:metabolism*; D012903:Smell / Q000502:physiology*
chemical_list: D018035:Receptors, Odorant; D010862:Pilocarpine; D008713:Methimazole