title: Immunohistochemical studies and fluorodeoxyglucose uptake on positron emission tomography in pharyngeal cancer for predicting radiotherapy-based treatment outcomes.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  This study correlated immunohistochemical studies with fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) uptake on positron emission tomography-computed tomography (PET-CT) and identified prognostic factors for radiotherapy (RT)-based treatment outcomes in patients with squamous cell carcinoma of the oropharynx and hypopharynx.
  
  
  METHODS
  Genomic data from pre-treatment biopsy specimens (Glut1, CAIX, VEGF, HIF-1α, EGFR, Ki-67, Bcl-2, CLAUDIN-4, YAP-1, c-Met and p16) of 76 patients were analysed using tissue microarrays. FDG uptake was evaluated using the maximum standardised uptake value (SUVmax), metabolic tumour volume (MTV) and total lesion glycolysis (TLG).
  
  
  RESULTS
  The overexpression of Glut1 positively associated with increased values of the SUVmax, MTV and TLG, whereas VEGF and HIF-1α expression with the MTV and TLG, respectively. A VEGF immunoreactive score (IRS) >2 (P = 0.001, hazard ratio [HR] = 3.94) and an MTV defined by an SUV of 2.5 (MTV2.5) >14.5 mL (P = 0.004, HR = 3.31) were prognostic factors for low cause-specific survival, whereas a VEGF IRS >2 (P = 0.02, HR = 2.83) for low primary relapse-free survival.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The overexpression of Glut1, VEGF and HIF-1α associated with increased FDG uptake. For patients with pharyngeal cancer requiring RT, the treatment outcome can be stratified by VEGF and MTV2.5.
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiation Oncology, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan.|The Ph.D. Program for Cancer Biology and Drug Discovery, China Medical University and Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Y-C
authors.initials: YC
authors.lastname: Lin
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathology, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan.
authors.forename: R-Y
authors.initials: RY
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiation Oncology, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan.|Graduate Institute of Clinical Medical Science, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan.|School of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan.
authors.forename: S-W
authors.initials: SW
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.affiliation: Department of Nuclear Medicine and PET Center, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan.|Department of Biomedical Imaging and Radiological Science, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan.
authors.forename: T-C
authors.initials: TC
authors.lastname: Hsieh
authors.affiliation: Department of Nuclear Medicine and PET Center, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan.|Department of Biomedical Imaging and Radiological Science, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan.
authors.forename: K-Y
authors.initials: KY
authors.lastname: Yen
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiation Oncology, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan.|Graduate Institute of Clinical Medical Science, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan.
authors.forename: J-A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Liang
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiation Oncology, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan.|Department of Biomedical Imaging and Radiological Science, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan.
authors.forename: S-N
authors.initials: SN
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiation Oncology, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Y-C
authors.initials: YC
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: Graduate Institute of Cancer Biology, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan.|Center for Molecular Medicine, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Y-H
authors.initials: YH
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathology, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan.
authors.forename: N-H
authors.initials: NH
authors.lastname: Chow
authors.affiliation: Graduate Institute of Clinical Medical Science, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan.|Department of Nuclear Medicine and PET Center, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan.|Department of Bioinformatics and Medical Engineering, Asia University, Taichung, Taiwan.
authors.forename: C-H
authors.initials: CH
authors.lastname: Kao
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor / Q000032:analysis*; D001706:Biopsy; D005260:Female; D019788:Fluorodeoxyglucose F18 / Q000493:pharmacokinetics*; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D007150:Immunohistochemistry / Q000379:methods*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009367:Neoplasm Staging; D010610:Pharyngeal Neoplasms / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000532:radiotherapy*; D000072078:Positron Emission Tomography Computed Tomography / Q000379:methods*; D019275:Radiopharmaceuticals / Q000493:pharmacokinetics; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor; D019275:Radiopharmaceuticals; D019788:Fluorodeoxyglucose F18