title: Tissue recovery practices and bioburden: a systematic review.
abstract: For successful transplantation, allografts should be free of microorganisms that may cause harm to the allograft recipient. Before or during recovery and subsequent processing, tissues can become contaminated. Effective tissue recovery methods, such as minimizing recovery times (<24 h after death) and the number of experienced personnel performing recovery, are examples of factors that can affect the rate of tissue contamination at recovery. Additional factors, such as minimizing the time after asystole to recovery and the total time it takes to perform recovery, the type of recovery site, the efficacy of the skin prep performed immediately prior to recovery of tissue, and certain technical recovery procedures may also result in control of the rate of contamination. Due to the heterogeneity of reported recovery practices and experiences, it cannot be concluded if the use of other barriers and/or hygienic precautions to avoid contamination have had an effect on bioburden detected after tissue recovery. Qualified studies are lacking which indicates a need exists for evidence-based data to support methods that reduce or control bioburden.
authors.affiliation: American Association of Tissue Banks, 8200 Greensboro Drive, Suite 320, Mclean, VA, 22102, USA.
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Brubaker
authors.affiliation: Canadian Blood Services, 270 John Savage Ave., Dartmouth, NS, B3B 0H7, Canada.
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Lotherington
authors.affiliation: Comprehensive Tissue Centre, 11402 University Avenue, Edmonton, AB, T6G 2J3, Canada.
authors.forename: Jie
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Zhao
authors.affiliation: Musculoskeletal Transplant Foundation, 125 May St., Suite 300, Edison, NJ, 08837, USA.
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Hamilton
authors.affiliation: Southern Alberta Tissue Program, Foothills Medical Center, McCaig Tower Rm 4410, 1403 29th St. NW, Calgary, AB, T2N 2T9, Canada.
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Rockl
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, McMaster University, 293 Wellington St. N, Suite 110, Hamilton, ON, L8L 8E7, Canada.
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Duong
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, McMaster University, 293 Wellington St. N, Suite 110, Hamilton, ON, L8L 8E7, Canada.
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Garibaldi
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, McMaster University, 293 Wellington St. N, Suite 110, Hamilton, ON, L8L 8E7, Canada.
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Simunovic
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, McMaster University, 293 Wellington St. N, Suite 110, Hamilton, ON, L8L 8E7, Canada.
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Alsop
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, McMaster University, 293 Wellington St. N, Suite 110, Hamilton, ON, L8L 8E7, Canada.
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Dao
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, McMaster University, 293 Wellington St. N, Suite 110, Hamilton, ON, L8L 8E7, Canada.
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Bessemer
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, McMaster University, 293 Wellington St. N, Suite 110, Hamilton, ON, L8L 8E7, Canada. Ayenif@mcmaster.ca.|McMaster University Medical Centre, 1200 Main St W, Room 4E15, Hamilton, ON, L8N 3Z5, Canada. Ayenif@mcmaster.ca.
authors.forename: O R
authors.initials: OR
authors.lastname: Ayeni
mesh_terms: D064591:Allografts / Q000382:microbiology* / Q000821:virology*; D018929:Cell Culture Techniques / Q000379:methods; D003666:Decontamination / Q000379:methods*; D006801:Humans; D013048:Specimen Handling / Q000379:methods; D013242:Sterilization / Q000379:methods*; D014015:Tissue Banks; D014184:Transplantation, Homologous
keywords: Allograft; Allograft contamination; Tissue processing; Tissue recovery