title: Quantification of Saprolegnia parasitica in river water using real-time quantitative PCR: from massive fish mortality to tap drinking water.
abstract: Since 2010, the Loue River (Franche-Comté, East of France) has been suffering from massive fish kills infested by Saprolegnia parasitica. The river supplies inhabitants of the city of Besançon in drinking water, raising the question of a potential risk through both water consumption and use. We developed a real-time quantitative PCR (qPCR) to quantify S. parasitica in the Loue River as well as in the drinking water. A weak spatial trend is suggested with greater quantities of S. parasitica observed at the sampling station close to the main pumping station. No S. parasitica DNA was detected in the tap water connected to pumping stations. The use of qPCR, which combines specificity, practicality, speed and reliability, appears to be an effective tool to monitor the spatial and temporal dynamics of this oomycete and identify the risk period for wild salmonid populations in the field, for fishery management or in aquaculture.
authors.affiliation: a Chrono-Environnement UMR CNRS 6249 , Bourgogne Franche-Comté University , Besançon , France.|b Parasitology-Mycology Department , University Hospital , Besançon , France.
authors.forename: Steffi
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Rocchi
authors.affiliation: a Chrono-Environnement UMR CNRS 6249 , Bourgogne Franche-Comté University , Besançon , France.
authors.forename: Maxime
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Tisserant
authors.affiliation: a Chrono-Environnement UMR CNRS 6249 , Bourgogne Franche-Comté University , Besançon , France.
authors.forename: Benoit
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Valot
authors.affiliation: a Chrono-Environnement UMR CNRS 6249 , Bourgogne Franche-Comté University , Besançon , France.|b Parasitology-Mycology Department , University Hospital , Besançon , France.
authors.forename: Audrey
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Laboissière
authors.affiliation: c CARRTEL Laboratory , Savoie University , Chambéry , France.
authors.forename: Victor
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Frossard
authors.affiliation: a Chrono-Environnement UMR CNRS 6249 , Bourgogne Franche-Comté University , Besançon , France.|b Parasitology-Mycology Department , University Hospital , Besançon , France.
authors.forename: Gabriel
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Reboux
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D004784:Environmental Monitoring / Q000379:methods*; D005393:Fish Diseases / Q000401:mortality* / Q000469:parasitology; D005399:Fishes; D005602:France; D007239:Infections / Q000401:mortality / Q000469:parasitology / Q000662:veterinary*; D060888:Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction; D045483:Rivers / Q000469:parasitology*; D044762:Saprolegnia / Q000235:genetics / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D017422:Sequence Analysis, DNA
keywords: Saprolegnia parasitica; Water quality; drinking water; real-time quantitative PCR; river water