title: Minocycline affects human neutrophil respiratory burst and transendothelial migration.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  This study aimed at investigating the in vitro activity of minocycline and doxycycline on human polymorphonuclear (h-PMN) cell function.
  
  
  METHODS
  h-PMNs were isolated from whole venous blood of healthy subjects; PMN oxidative burst was measured by monitoring ROS-induced oxidation of luminol and transendothelial migration was studied by measuring PMN migration through a monolayer of human umbilical vein endothelial cells. Differences between multiple groups were determined by ANOVA followed by Tukey's multiple comparison test; Student's t test for unpaired data for two groups.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Minocycline (1-300 µM) concentration dependently and significantly inhibited oxidative burst of h-PMNs stimulated with 100 nM fMLP. Ten micromolar concentrations, which are superimposable to Cmaxfollowing a standard oral dose of minocycline, promoted a 29.8 ± 4 % inhibition of respiratory burst (P < 0.001; n = 6). Doxycycline inhibited ROS production with a lesser extent and at higher concentrations. 10-100 µM minocycline impaired PMN transendothelial migration, with maximal effect at 100 µM (42.5 ± 7 %, inhibition, n = 5, P < 0.001).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These results added new insight into anti-inflammatory effects of minocycline exerted on innate immune h-PMN cell function.
authors.affiliation: Department of Health Sciences, Clinical Pharmacology and Oncology Section, University of Florence, Viale Pieraccini 6, 50139, Florence, Italy.
authors.forename: Astrid
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Parenti
authors.affiliation: Department of Health Sciences, Clinical Pharmacology and Oncology Section, University of Florence, Viale Pieraccini 6, 50139, Florence, Italy.
authors.forename: Boris
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Indorato
authors.affiliation: Department of Health Sciences, Clinical Pharmacology and Oncology Section, University of Florence, Viale Pieraccini 6, 50139, Florence, Italy. sara.paccosi@unifi.it.
authors.forename: Sara
authors.identifier: http://orcid.org/0000-0001-5062-4127
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Paccosi
mesh_terms: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents / Q000494:pharmacology; D000893:Anti-Inflammatory Agents / Q000494:pharmacology*; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D004318:Doxycycline / Q000494:pharmacology; D006801:Humans; D008911:Minocycline / Q000494:pharmacology*; D009504:Neutrophils / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000502:physiology; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species / Q000378:metabolism; D016897:Respiratory Burst / Q000187:drug effects; D057705:Transendothelial and Transepithelial Migration / Q000187:drug effects
chemical_list: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents; D000893:Anti-Inflammatory Agents; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species; D008911:Minocycline; D004318:Doxycycline
keywords: Inflammation; Minocycline; Neutrophils; ROS; Transendothelial migration