title: Transient Induced Molecular Electronic Spectroscopy (TIMES) for study of protein-ligand interactions.
abstract: We present a method, Transient Induced Molecular Electronic Spectroscopy (TIMES), to detect protein-ligand interactions without any protein engineering or chemical modification. We developed a physics model for the TIMES signal and mathematically formulated the problem to attain physical insight of protein-ligand interactions without any disturbances by molecular probes, fluorescent labels, or immobilization of molecules. To demonstrate the functionality of this method, we have used the TIMES signals to find the dissociation constants for the affinity of reactions, the shear-stress dependent adsorption time of molecules on surface, and other interesting features of protein-ligand interaction in native conditions. As a unique tool, TIMES offers a simple and effective method to investigate fundamental protein chemistry and drug discoveries.
authors.affiliation: Materials Science and Engineering Program, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093-0418, USA.
authors.forename: Tiantian
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093-0407, USA.
authors.forename: Ti-Hsuan
authors.initials: TH
authors.lastname: Ku
authors.affiliation: Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093-0407, USA.
authors.forename: Yuanyuan
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Han
authors.affiliation: Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093-0407, USA.
authors.forename: Ramkumar
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Subramanian
authors.affiliation: Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093-0407, USA.
authors.forename: Iftikhar Ahmad
authors.initials: IA
authors.lastname: Niaz
authors.affiliation: Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093-0407, USA.|College of Basic Medicine and Forensic Medicine, College of Manufacturing Science and Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China.
authors.forename: Hua
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Luo
authors.affiliation: Department of Nanoengineering, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, 92093-0448, USA.
authors.forename: Derrick
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Chang
authors.affiliation: Graduate Institute of Photonics and Optoelectronics, National Taiwan University, Taipei, 10617, Taiwan.|Department of Electrical Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taipei, 10617, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Jian-Jang
authors.initials: JJ
authors.lastname: Huang
authors.affiliation: Materials Science and Engineering Program, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093-0418, USA.|Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093-0407, USA.
authors.forename: Yu-Hwa
authors.initials: YH
authors.lastname: Lo
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D055808:Drug Discovery; D006801:Humans; D008024:Ligands; D044085:Microfluidics; D008962:Models, Theoretical; D011485:Protein Binding; D011506:Proteins / Q000378:metabolism*; D013057:Spectrum Analysis / Q000379:methods*
chemical_list: D008024:Ligands; D011506:Proteins