title: Problems with extracellular recording of electrical activity in gastrointestinal muscle.
abstract: Motility patterns of the gastrointestinal tract are important for efficient processing of nutrients and waste. Peristalsis and segmentation are based on rhythmic electrical slow waves that generate the phasic contractions fundamental to gastrointestinal motility. Slow waves are generated and propagated actively by interstitial cells of Cajal (ICC), and these events conduct to smooth muscle cells to elicit excitation-contraction coupling. Extracellular electrical recording has been utilized to characterize slow-wave generation and propagation and abnormalities that might be responsible for gastrointestinal motility disorders. Electrode array recording and digital processing are being used to generate data for models of electrical propagation in normal and pathophysiological conditions. Here, we discuss techniques of extracellular recording as applied to gastrointestinal organs and how mechanical artefacts might contaminate these recordings and confound their interpretation. Without rigorous controls for movement, current interpretations of extracellular recordings might ascribe inaccurate behaviours and electrical anomalies to ICC networks and gastrointestinal muscles, bringing into question the findings and validity of models of gastrointestinal electrophysiology developed from these recordings.
authors.affiliation: Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, University of Nevada, Reno School of Medicine, Anderson Medical Sciences, Reno, Nevada 89557, USA.
authors.forename: Kenton M
authors.initials: KM
authors.lastname: Sanders
authors.affiliation: Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, University of Nevada, Reno School of Medicine, Anderson Medical Sciences, Reno, Nevada 89557, USA.
authors.forename: Sean M
authors.initials: SM
authors.lastname: Ward
authors.affiliation: Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, University of Nevada, Reno School of Medicine, Anderson Medical Sciences, Reno, Nevada 89557, USA.
authors.forename: Grant W
authors.initials: GW
authors.lastname: Hennig
mesh_terms: D000200:Action Potentials / Q000502:physiology; D016477:Artifacts; D004576:Electromyography / Q000379:methods; D005544:Forecasting; D005769:Gastrointestinal Motility / Q000502:physiology; D041981:Gastrointestinal Tract / Q000502:physiology*; D006801:Humans; D008564:Membrane Potentials / Q000502:physiology; D008954:Models, Biological; D009068:Movement; D009119:Muscle Contraction / Q000502:physiology*; D009130:Muscle, Smooth / Q000502:physiology*