title: Complementary Role of Herbal Medicine and Exercise in Cardiovascular Disease Prevention and Management: A Review of Evidence.
abstract: Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is the leading cause of death worldwide. Herbal medicine and exercise interventions have individually been shown to be effective in the prevention and management of CVD. However, the complementary roles of herbal medicine and exercise interventions for CVD prevention and management have not been adequately reported.
  
  
  
  1. Identify studies analysing complementary roles of herbal medicine and exercise intervention in CVD prevention and management, 2. Identify herbs and exercise strategies that have been reported to exhibit complementary roles in CVD prevention and management, and 3. Summarize evidence of complementary roles of herbal medicine and exercise interventions for CVD prevention and management.
  
  
  
  PubMed, CINAHL and Web of Science were searched with a customised search strategy in May 2015. Two reviewers screened the search results for inclusion using pre-specified criteria. Data were extracted from full text of selected abstracts in a predetermined template by two reviewers and verified by the third reviewer when needed.
  
  
  
  A total of 35 titles were identified for full texts review after screening 827 abstracts. Data were extracted from 23 titles, representing 12 human studies and six animal studies. This review identified effects of 14 different herbs and 10 exercise strategies on over 18 CVD risk factors and markers. Complementary roles of herbal medicine and exercise were reported from five studies.
  
  
  
  Evidence of complementary role of herbal medicine and exercise is emerging from animal studies. More robust clinical studies on proven risk factors are needed before they can be recommended for clinical practice.
authors.affiliation: Department of Physiotherapy, M. S. Ramaiah Medical College, Bengaluru. India.
authors.forename: Sundar Kumar
authors.initials: SK
authors.lastname: Veluswamy
authors.affiliation: School of Allied Health Sciences, Manipal University, Manipal, Karnataka. India.
authors.forename: Abraham Samuel
authors.initials: AS
authors.lastname: Babu
authors.affiliation: Acharya & B. M. Reddy College of Pharmacy, Hesarghatta Road, Soldevanahalli, Bengaluru - 560090. India.
authors.forename: Lakshmi Manickavasagam
authors.initials: LM
authors.lastname: Sundar
mesh_terms: D002318:Cardiovascular Diseases / Q000517:prevention & control* / Q000628:therapy*; D015444:Exercise / Q000502:physiology*; D029001:Herbal Medicine; D006801:Humans; D012307:Risk Factors
keywords: CVD management; CVD prevention; Herbal medicine; dietary supplements; exercise; herbal preparation; running; swimming