title: Influence of Extracting Solvent on Pharmacological Activity and Cytotoxicity ofPolygonum minus, a Commonly Consumed Herb in Southeast Asia.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To investigate the antihyperlipidemic, antioxidant, and cytotoxic effect of aqueous and methanol extract of leaves ofPolygonum minus.
  
  
  METHODS
  Acute antihyperlipidemic effect was studied on chemically induced hyperlipidemic rat model. Treated groups received aqueous and methanol extract of leaves ofP. minusrespectively (1000 mg/kg; oral) whereas standard treated group received atorvastatin (60 mg/kg; oral) for 3 consecutive days. Blood samples were collected at fixed intervals for lipid profile analysis. Antioxidant effects were studied using 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl, 2,2-azinobis 3-ethylbenzothiazoline 6-sulfonate, and ferric reducing antioxidant power assays. The total flavonoids content and total phenolic contents were also estimated. Cytotoxicity of both extracts was studied on one normal and three cancer cell lines using 3-(4,5-Dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-Diphenyltetrazolium Bromide (MTT) assay method.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The methanol extract showed significant reduction in total cholesterol (P< 0.001), triglycerides (P< 0.01), LDL (P< 0.05), VLDL (P< 0.01), atherogenic index (P< 0.001), and elevation of HDL (P< 0.05) levels than the aqueous extract. Similarly, the antioxidant investigations also demonstrated that the methanol extract had higher antioxidant capacity than aqueous extract. Both extracts were not toxic to normal (EA.hy926) as well as to cancer (HCT116, HT29, and HeLa) cells. Significant correlation was demonstrated between total phenolic and total flavonoids contents with the antioxidant activity but not with the antihyperlipidemic effect, suggesting other groups of chemical constituents may be mainly responsible for the antihyperlipidemic effect of this plant.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The study demonstrated that the presence and extent of bioactivities are influenced by solvents used for extraction. This study confirmed the antihyperlipidemic effect of leaves ofP. minusin acute hyperlipidemic rat model.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Polygonum minusis an herbaceous flowering plant.This plant possess high amount of phenolics and flavonoidsThis study focused on the antioxidant, cytotoxicity and antihyperlipidemic effect of aqueous and methanol extracts of leaves ofP. minusThe extracts possess significant antioxidant activity and antihyperlipidemic activity but they are not toxic to normal and cancer cells tested.The antioxidant activity is well correlated with phenolic and flavonoids contents but the antihyperlipidemic activity is not correlated with antioxidant effect.Abbreviations used:CVDs: Cardiovascular diseases, LDL: Low-density lipoprotein, DDPH: 1,1-Diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl radical, TPTZ: 2,4,6,-tris(1-pyridyl)-5-triazine, ABTS: 2,2'-Azino-di-[3-ethylbenzthiazoline Sulfonate], HDL: High-density lipoprotein, VLDL: Very low-density lipoprotein, TC: Total cholesterol, TG: Triglycerides, EC50: Half maximal effective concentration, LD50: Median lethal dose.
authors.affiliation: Unit of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, AIMST University, Semeling, Kedah, Malaysia; Discipline of Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Penang, Malaysia.
authors.forename: Parayil Varghese
authors.initials: PV
authors.lastname: Christapher
authors.affiliation: Unit of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, AIMST University, Semeling, Kedah, Malaysia.
authors.forename: Subramani
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Parasuraman
authors.affiliation: Unit of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, AIMST University, Semeling, Kedah, Malaysia.
authors.forename: Palanimuthu Vasanth
authors.initials: PV
authors.lastname: Raj
authors.affiliation: Discipline of Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Penang, Malaysia.
authors.forename: Sultan Ayesh
authors.initials: SA
authors.lastname: Mohammed Saghir
authors.affiliation: Discipline of Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Penang, Malaysia.
authors.forename: Mohd Zaini
authors.initials: MZ
authors.lastname: Asmawi
authors.affiliation: Discipline of Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Penang, Malaysia.
authors.forename: Murugaiyah
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Vikneswaran
keywords: Antihyperlipidemic; Polygonum minus; antioxidant; cytotoxicity; poloxamer 407