title: Interrogating Metabolism in Brain Cancer.
abstract: This article reviews existing and emerging techniques of interrogating metabolism in brain cancer from well-established proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy to the promising hyperpolarized metabolic imaging and chemical exchange saturation transfer and emerging techniques of imaging inflammation. Some of these techniques are at an early stage of development and clinical trials are in progress in patients to establish the clinical efficacy. It is likely that in vivo metabolomics and metabolic imaging is the next frontier in brain cancer diagnosis and assessing therapeutic efficacy; with the combined knowledge of genomics and proteomics a complete understanding of tumorigenesis in brain might be achieved.
authors.affiliation: Department of Cancer Systems Imaging, MD Anderson Cancer Center, The University of Texas, Houston, TX, USA; The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, USA.
authors.forename: Travis C
authors.initials: TC
authors.lastname: Salzillo
authors.affiliation: Department of Cancer Systems Imaging, MD Anderson Cancer Center, The University of Texas, Houston, TX, USA; Department of Bioengineering, Rice University, Houston, TX, USA.
authors.forename: Jingzhe
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Hu
authors.affiliation: The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, USA.
authors.forename: Linda
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Nguyen
authors.affiliation: Department of Cancer Systems Imaging, MD Anderson Cancer Center, The University of Texas, Houston, TX, USA.
authors.forename: Nicholas
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Whiting
authors.affiliation: Department of Cancer Systems Imaging, MD Anderson Cancer Center, The University of Texas, Houston, TX, USA.
authors.forename: Jaehyuk
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.affiliation: Department of Cancer Systems Imaging, MD Anderson Cancer Center, The University of Texas, Houston, TX, USA; The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, USA.
authors.forename: Joseph
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Weygand
authors.affiliation: Department of Cancer Systems Imaging, MD Anderson Cancer Center, The University of Texas, Houston, TX, USA.
authors.forename: Prasanta
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Dutta
authors.affiliation: Department of Cancer Systems Imaging, MD Anderson Cancer Center, The University of Texas, Houston, TX, USA.
authors.forename: Shivanand
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Pudakalakatti
authors.affiliation: Department of Cancer Systems Imaging, MD Anderson Cancer Center, The University of Texas, Houston, TX, USA.
authors.forename: Niki Zacharias
authors.initials: NZ
authors.lastname: Millward
authors.affiliation: Department of Cancer Systems Imaging, MD Anderson Cancer Center, The University of Texas, Houston, TX, USA.
authors.forename: Seth T
authors.initials: ST
authors.lastname: Gammon
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurosurgery, MD Anderson Cancer Center, The University of Texas, Houston, TX, USA.
authors.forename: Frederick F
authors.initials: FF
authors.lastname: Lang
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurosurgery, MD Anderson Cancer Center, The University of Texas, Houston, TX, USA.
authors.forename: Amy B
authors.initials: AB
authors.lastname: Heimberger
authors.affiliation: Department of Cancer Systems Imaging, MD Anderson Cancer Center, The University of Texas, Houston, TX, USA; The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, USA. Electronic address: PKBhattacharya@mdanderson.org.
authors.forename: Pratip K
authors.initials: PK
authors.lastname: Bhattacharya
mesh_terms: D001921:Brain / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000378:metabolism*; D001932:Brain Neoplasms / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000378:metabolism*; D006801:Humans; D009682:Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy / Q000379:methods*
keywords: CEST; DNP; GC/MS; Hyperpolarization; MRI; MRS; Metabolic imaging; NMR