title: Resistance training with dietary intake maintenance increases strength without altering body composition in older women.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Evidence suggests that the aging process tends to lead to sarcopenia and osteoporosis which reduce the quality of life in older women. Resistance training (RT) is widely supported as a means of delaying or offsetting the decline in muscle strength and loss of bone mineral content in older women. The purpose of this investigation was to analyze the effects of a 12-wk RT program (3 times a week) with dietary intake maintenance on muscle strength and body composition of healthy, sedentary older women.
  
  
  METHODS
  Forty-four older women were randomly assigned to a RT program (N.=22, 66.3±4.8 years, 60.7±9.1 kg, 153.1±0.90 cm, 24.9±3.3 kg/m²) or a control group (N.=22, 66.4±4.0 years, 63.3±7.5 kg, 155.5±5.8 cm, 26.2±2.6 kg/m²) performing stretching exercises during the same period. One-repetition maximum test on chest press and leg extension were used to assess muscle strength. Body composition was measured by dual energy x-ray absorptiometry to determine fat mass, fat-free mass, and bone mineral content. Dietary intake was recorded using a 3-day food records. All subjects maintained their normal diet during the investigation.
  
  
  RESULTS
  No significant differences were found for the body composition components within and between groups. A significant time by group interaction indicated that the RT group made greater improvements in upper and lower limb muscle strength (chest press ~12%, P=0.0001; leg extension ~13%, P<0.0001).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These results suggest that RT program improves muscle strength of major muscle groups, without altering body composition in older women under dietary intake maintenance.
authors.affiliation: Metabolism, Nutrition, and Exercise Laboratory, Physical Education and Sport Center, Londrina State University, Londrina, Brazil - matheusamarante@hotmail.com.|Paraná State University, Paranavaí Campus, Paranavaí, Brazil - matheusamarante@hotmail.com.
authors.forename: Matheus A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: do Nascimento
authors.affiliation: Department of Physical Education, University of Northern Parana, Londrina, Parana, Brazil.
authors.forename: Aline M
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Gerage
authors.affiliation: Department of Physical Education, University of Northern Parana, Londrina, Parana, Brazil.
authors.forename: Renata S
authors.initials: RS
authors.lastname: Januário
authors.affiliation: Metabolism, Nutrition, and Exercise Laboratory, Physical Education and Sport Center, Londrina State University, Londrina, Brazil.
authors.forename: Fábio L
authors.initials: FL
authors.lastname: Pina
authors.affiliation: Metabolism, Nutrition, and Exercise Laboratory, Physical Education and Sport Center, Londrina State University, Londrina, Brazil.|Department of Physical Education, School of Technology and Sciences, Estadual Paulista University, Pres. Prudente, Brazil.
authors.forename: Luís A
authors.initials: LA
authors.lastname: Gobbo
authors.affiliation: Exercise Science Department, Truman State University, Kirksville, MO, USA.
authors.forename: Jerry L
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: Mayhew
authors.affiliation: Metabolism, Nutrition, and Exercise Laboratory, Physical Education and Sport Center, Londrina State University, Londrina, Brazil.
authors.forename: Edilson S
authors.initials: ES
authors.lastname: Cyrino
mesh_terms: D015502:Absorptiometry, Photon / Q000379:methods; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000886:Anthropometry; D001823:Body Composition / Q000502:physiology*; D015519:Bone Density; D004032:Diet / Q000379:methods*; D015444:Exercise / Q000502:physiology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D053580:Muscle Strength / Q000502:physiology*; D018482:Muscle, Skeletal / Q000502:physiology; D055070:Resistance Training / Q000379:methods*