title: Ultrastructural changes in epithelial cells of rats exposed to low concentration of hydrogen sulfide for 50 days.
abstract: Hydrogen sulfide (H2S) and other volatile sulfur compounds (VSCs) appear mainly in the oral air of patients with halitosis. It seems that VSCs are directly involved in the pathogenesis of gingival diseases. In previous studies, short-term (7 hours-4 days), high concentrations (5-400 ppm) of H2S applications on periodontal tissues have been evaluated in a culture medium. The aim of the present study was to investigate the potential effects of lower (equivalent to halitosis) concentrations of H2S on rat gingival tissue for longer-term inhalation. The threshold level of pathologic halitosis perceived by humans at 250 ppb of H2S was converted to rat equivalent concentration (4.15 ppm). Rats in the experimental (H2S) group (n=8) were exposed to H2S continuously but not the control rats (n=8). After 50 days, the gingival sulcular tissue samples of each rat were taken and examined using transmission electron microscope. Ultrastructural changes in the sulcular epithelia of the rat gingiva showed deformation of celullar shape, vacuolization, and disintegrity of intercelullar connection by loss of desmosomes and collagen fibrils. No basal membrane damage was observed. Inhalation of low levels of H2S (equivalent of halitosis) in the oral environment causes ultrastructural celullar damages in rat sulcular mucosa. These results suggest that halitosis may be the potential reason for periodontal destruction in humans.
authors.affiliation: a Depatment of Oral and Maxillofacial Radiology, Faculty of Dentistry , Cumhuriyet University , Sivas , Turkey.|g Member of Halitorium-Halitosis , Research Group.
authors.forename: Defne
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Yalçın Yeler
authors.affiliation: c Private practice , Adana , Turkey.|g Member of Halitorium-Halitosis , Research Group.
authors.forename: Murat
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Aydın
authors.affiliation: b Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Faculty of Dentistry , Cumhuriyet University , Sivas , Turkey.
authors.forename: Peyami Turgay
authors.initials: PT
authors.lastname: Hocaoğlu
authors.affiliation: b Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Faculty of Dentistry , Cumhuriyet University , Sivas , Turkey.
authors.forename: Melike
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Koraltan
authors.affiliation: f Department of Periodontology, Faculty of Dentistry , Osmangazi University , Eskişehir , Turkey.
authors.forename: Hakan
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Özdemir
authors.affiliation: e Department of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine , Istanbul University , Istanbul , Turkey.
authors.forename: Tuğba
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Kotil
authors.affiliation: d Department of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine , Inönü University , Malatya , Turkey.
authors.forename: Mehmet
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Gül
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002452:Cell Count; D004847:Epithelial Cells; D005109:Extracellular Matrix; D006209:Halitosis; D006801:Humans; D006862:Hydrogen Sulfide; D051381:Rats
chemical_list: D006862:Hydrogen Sulfide
keywords: Desmosom; halitosis; hydrogene sulfide; sulcular tissue; vacuolization