title: Cyclic Vomiting Syndrome: An Update Illustrated by a Case Report.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  This article presents an update on cyclic vomiting syndrome, a potentially exhausting disorder that can occur in children, adolescents, and adults and and has a huge impact on the quality of life. A structured literature search was conducted to explore the current knowledge about antipsychotics in the treatment of cyclic vomiting syndrome. A case report is presented of a 15-year-old boy with refractory cyclic vomiting syndrome (ICD-10criteria), who finally responded to a unique combination of risperidone and amitriptyline.
  
  
  METHODS
  A literature search of English articles was performed in November 2015 using PubMed and the Cochrane Library withcyclic vomiting syndrome,cyclic vomiting,risperidone, andantipsychoticsas key words. All types of publications were included. The publication period covered a span from 1976 to 2014.
  
  
  METHODS
  In total, 13 articles were found. After screening the title and abstract, only 2 were selected.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In the current literature, only the use of chlorpromazine in the treatment of cyclic vomiting syndrome is mentioned. The possible underlying working mechanism of chlorpromazine is not clarified.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Antipsychotics are hardly mentioned in the literature with regard to their antiemetic properties. Antipsychotics like risperidone, and its unique combination with amitriptyline, might be an important alternative to achieve a satisfactory treatment result in refractory cases of cyclic vomiting syndrome.
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry and Psychology, Division of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychology, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Ingeborg P M
authors.initials: IP
authors.lastname: Hermus
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry and Psychology, Division of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychology, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Stacey J B
authors.initials: SJ
authors.lastname: Willems
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry and Psychology, Division of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychology, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Aimée C C F
authors.initials: AC
authors.lastname: Bogman
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Toxicology, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, The Netherlands; Department of Central Hospital Pharmacy, VieCuri Medical Center, Venlo, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Paddy K C
authors.initials: PK
authors.lastname: Janssen
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry and Psychology, Division of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychology, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Leonie
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Brabers
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry and Psychology, Division of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychology, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, The Netherlands; European Graduate School For Neuroscience, Maastricht, The Netherlands; South Limbourg Mental Health Research & Teaching Network, Maastricht, The Netherlands; Mutsaersstichting, Venlo, The Netherlands; Koraal groep, Sittard, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Jan N M
authors.initials: JN
authors.lastname: Schieveld
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D014839:Vomiting / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000188:drug therapy*