title: High-resolution myocardial T1mapping using single-shot inversion recovery fast low-angle shot MRI with radial undersampling and iterative reconstruction.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To develop a novel method for rapid myocardial T1mapping at high spatial resolution.
  
  
  METHODS
  The proposed strategy represents a single-shot inversion recovery experiment triggered to early diastole during a brief breath-hold. The measurement combines an adiabatic inversion pulse with a real-time readout by highly undersampled radial FLASH, iterative image reconstruction and T1fitting with automatic deletion of systolic frames. The method was implemented on a 3-T MRI system using a graphics processing unit-equipped bypass computer for online application. Validations employed a T1reference phantom including analyses at simulated heart rates from 40 to 100 beats per minute. In vivo applications involved myocardial T1mapping in short-axis views of healthy young volunteers.
  
  
  RESULTS
  At 1-mm in-plane resolution and 6-mm section thickness, the inversion recovery measurement could be shortened to 3 s without compromising T1quantitation. Phantom studies demonstrated T1accuracy and high precision for values ranging from 300 to 1500 ms and up to a heart rate of 100 beats per minute. Similar results were obtained in vivo yielding septal T1values of 1246 ± 24 ms (base), 1256 ± 33 ms (mid-ventricular) and 1288 ± 30 ms (apex), respectively (mean ± standard deviation, n = 6).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Diastolic myocardial T1mapping with use of single-shot inversion recovery FLASH offers high spatial resolution, T1accuracy and precision, and practical robustness and speed. Advances in knowledge: The proposed method will be beneficial for clinical applications relying on native and post-contrast T1quantitation.
authors.affiliation: 1 Biomedizinische NMR Forschungs GmbH, Max-Planck Institut für Biophysikalische Chemie, Göttingen, Germany.
authors.forename: Xiaoqing
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: 1 Biomedizinische NMR Forschungs GmbH, Max-Planck Institut für Biophysikalische Chemie, Göttingen, Germany.|2 DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), partner site Göttingen, Germany.
authors.forename: Arun A
authors.initials: AA
authors.lastname: Joseph
authors.affiliation: 1 Biomedizinische NMR Forschungs GmbH, Max-Planck Institut für Biophysikalische Chemie, Göttingen, Germany.
authors.forename: Oleksandr
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Kalentev
authors.affiliation: 1 Biomedizinische NMR Forschungs GmbH, Max-Planck Institut für Biophysikalische Chemie, Göttingen, Germany.
authors.forename: Klaus-Dietmar
authors.initials: KD
authors.lastname: Merboldt
authors.affiliation: 1 Biomedizinische NMR Forschungs GmbH, Max-Planck Institut für Biophysikalische Chemie, Göttingen, Germany.
authors.forename: Dirk
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Voit
authors.affiliation: 1 Biomedizinische NMR Forschungs GmbH, Max-Planck Institut für Biophysikalische Chemie, Göttingen, Germany.
authors.forename: Volkert B
authors.initials: VB
authors.lastname: Roeloffs
authors.affiliation: 1 Biomedizinische NMR Forschungs GmbH, Max-Planck Institut für Biophysikalische Chemie, Göttingen, Germany.
authors.forename: Maaike
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: van Zalk
authors.affiliation: 1 Biomedizinische NMR Forschungs GmbH, Max-Planck Institut für Biophysikalische Chemie, Göttingen, Germany.|2 DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), partner site Göttingen, Germany.
authors.forename: Jens
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Frahm
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D005260:Female; D006321:Heart / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D006801:Humans; D007090:Image Interpretation, Computer-Assisted / Q000379:methods*; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging / Q000379:methods*; D008297:Male; D019047:Phantoms, Imaging; D055815:Young Adult