title: The Effect of File Size and Type and Irrigation Solutions on the Accuracy of Electronic Apex Locators: AnIn VitroStudy on Canine Teeth.
abstract: Measurements of the root canal during endodontic treatment have a significant influence on the course of the therapeutic process as well as on its final result in both human and veterinary medicine. The apical constriction should be the termination point for the preparation and filling of the root canal. This research was conducted with the use of a Septodont kit consisting of a small chamber filled with the examined solution in which a healthy second incisor was placed. The step back method was applied for the root canal preparation and master apical file of 30 was used. The working length was 22 mm. The examination was conducted with the use of steel as well as nickel titanium hand instruments. Different irrigation solutions and two types of apex locators were used. Measurements of the working length of the root canal showed dependence on the size of the instrument. Examinations carried out in various environments showed that analogical measurements were obtained only for sodium hypochlorite solutions. In other environments the measured sections were shortened. Comparative examinations with the use of steel instruments demonstrated insignificant measurement differences. Compared to these results, the measurements in nickel titanium group were characterized by more considerable deviations.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biostructure and Animal Physiology, Wroclaw University of Environmental and Life Sciences, Kożuchowska 1, 51-631 Wroclaw, Poland.
authors.forename: Maciej
authors.identifier: 0000-0003-4357-2271
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Janeczek
authors.affiliation: Department of Conservative Dentistry and Pedodontics, Wroclaw Medical University, Krakowska 26, 50-425 Wroclaw, Poland.
authors.forename: Piotr
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Kosior
authors.affiliation: Department of Conservative Dentistry and Pedodontics, Wroclaw Medical University, Krakowska 26, 50-425 Wroclaw, Poland.
authors.forename: Dagmara
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Piesiak-Pańczyszyn
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Technical University of Wroclaw, Łukasiewicza 5, 50-371 Wroclaw, Poland.
authors.forename: Krzysztof
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Dudek
authors.affiliation: Department of Biostructure and Animal Physiology, Wroclaw University of Environmental and Life Sciences, Kożuchowska 1, 51-631 Wroclaw, Poland.
authors.forename: Aleksander
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Chrószcz
authors.affiliation: Department of Conservative Dentistry and Pedodontics, Wroclaw Medical University, Krakowska 26, 50-425 Wroclaw, Poland.
authors.forename: Agnieszka
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Czajczyńska-Waszkiewicz
authors.affiliation: Department of Conservative Dentistry and Pedodontics, Wroclaw Medical University, Krakowska 26, 50-425 Wroclaw, Poland.
authors.forename: Małgorzata
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kowalczyk-Zając
authors.affiliation: Dental Clinic Adentis, Surowieckiego 8, 02-785 Warszawa, Poland.
authors.forename: Aleksandra
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Gabren-Syller
authors.affiliation: Department of Biostructure and Animal Physiology, Wroclaw University of Environmental and Life Sciences, Kożuchowska 1, 51-631 Wroclaw, Poland.
authors.forename: Karol
authors.identifier: 0000-0002-7970-7484
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Kirstein
authors.affiliation: Department of Biostructure and Animal Physiology, Wroclaw University of Environmental and Life Sciences, Kożuchowska 1, 51-631 Wroclaw, Poland.
authors.forename: Aleksandra
authors.identifier: 0000-0003-2108-6571
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Skalec
authors.affiliation: Dental Practice, Bartąska 2/22, 10-699 Olsztyn, Poland; Private Dental Clinic Maciej Kozłowski, Spokojna 23, 56-400 Oleśnica, Poland.
authors.forename: Ewelina
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Bryła
authors.affiliation: Department of Conservative Dentistry and Pedodontics, Wroclaw Medical University, Krakowska 26, 50-425 Wroclaw, Poland; Private Dental Clinic Maciej Kozłowski, Spokojna 23, 56-400 Oleśnica, Poland.
authors.forename: Maciej
authors.identifier: 0000-0003-2368-1534
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Dobrzyński
mesh_terms: D000497:Alloys / Q000008:administration & dosage; D000818:Animals; D003481:Cuspid / Q000033:anatomy & histology*; D003762:Dental Instruments; D003786:Dental Pulp Cavity / Q000033:anatomy & histology*; D004285:Dogs; D004582:Electronics, Medical / Q000379:methods; D007180:Incisor / Q000033:anatomy & histology*; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D012387:Root Canal Filling Materials / Q000627:therapeutic use; D018915:Root Canal Preparation / Q000379:methods; D012973:Sodium Hypochlorite / Q000008:administration & dosage; D012996:Solutions / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D013232:Steel; D019227:Tooth Apex / Q000033:anatomy & histology*
chemical_list: D000497:Alloys; D012387:Root Canal Filling Materials; D012996:Solutions; D013232:Steel; C013616:nitinol; D012973:Sodium Hypochlorite