title: Incidence and time trends of childhood lymphomas: findings from 14 Southern and Eastern European cancer registries and the Surveillance, Epidemiology and End Results, USA.
abstract: To describe epidemiologic patterns of childhood (0-14 years) lymphomas in the Southern and Eastern European (SEE) region in comparison with the Surveillance, Epidemiology and End Results (SEER), USA, and explore tentative discrepancies.
  
  
  
  Childhood lymphomas were retrieved from 14 SEE registries (n = 4,702) and SEER (n = 4,416), diagnosed during 1990-2014; incidence rates were estimated and time trends were evaluated.
  
  
  
  Overall age-adjusted incidence rate was higher in SEE (16.9/106) compared to SEER (13.6/106), because of a higher incidence of Hodgkin (HL, 7.5/106vs. 5.1/106) and Burkitt lymphoma (BL, 3.1 vs. 2.3/106), whereas the incidence of non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL) was overall identical (5.9/106vs. 5.8/106), albeit variable among SEE. Incidence increased with age, except for BL which peaked at 4 years; HL in SEE also showed an early male-specific peak at 4 years. The male preponderance was more pronounced for BL and attenuated with increasing age for HL. Increasing trends were noted in SEER for total lymphomas and NHL, and was marginal for HL, as contrasted to the decreasing HL and NHL trends generally observed in SEE registries, with the exception of increasing HL incidence in Portugal; of note, BL incidence trend followed a male-specific increasing trend in SEE.
  
  
  
  Registry-based data reveal variable patterns and time trends of childhood lymphomas in SEE and SEER during the last decades, possibly reflecting diverse levels of socioeconomic development of the populations in the respective areas; optimization of registration process may allow further exploration of molecular characteristics of disease subtypes.
authors.affiliation: Department of Hygiene, Epidemiology and Medical Statistics, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 75 Mikras Asias Str, 11527, Athens, Greece.
authors.forename: Marios K
authors.initials: MK
authors.lastname: Georgakis
authors.affiliation: Department of Hygiene, Epidemiology and Medical Statistics, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 75 Mikras Asias Str, 11527, Athens, Greece.
authors.forename: Maria A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Karalexi
authors.affiliation: Department of Health Information and Research, Malta National Cancer Registry, Pieta, Malta.
authors.forename: Domenic
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Agius
authors.affiliation: North Region Cancer Registry of Portugal (RORENO), Portuguese Oncology Institute of Porto, Porto, Portugal.
authors.forename: Luis
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Antunes
authors.affiliation: Central Region Cancer Registry of Portugal (ROR-Centro), Portuguese Oncology Institute of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal.
authors.forename: Joana
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Bastos
authors.affiliation: Regional Cancer Registry of Cluj, Oncological Institute "Ion Chiricuta", Cluj-Napoca, Romania.
authors.forename: Daniela
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Coza
authors.affiliation: Cyprus Cancer Registry-Health Monitoring Unit, Ministry of Health, Nicosia, Cyprus.
authors.forename: Anna
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Demetriou
authors.affiliation: Bulgarian National Cancer Registry, National Oncology Hospital, Sofia, Bulgaria.
authors.forename: Nadya
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Dimitrova
authors.affiliation: Izmir Cancer Registry, Izmir Hub, Izmir and Hacettepe University Institute of Public Health, Ankara, Turkey.
authors.forename: Sultan
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Eser
authors.affiliation: Regional Cancer Registry of Iaşi, National Institute of Public Health, Iaşi, Romania.
authors.forename: Margareta
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Florea
authors.affiliation: National Cancer Registry of Ukraine, National Institute of Cancer, Kiev, Ukraine.
authors.forename: Anton
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Ryzhov
authors.affiliation: Croatian National Cancer Registry, Croatian Institute of Public Health, Zagreb, Croatia.
authors.forename: Mario
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Sekerija
authors.affiliation: Cancer Registry of Republic of Slovenia, Institute of Oncology, Ljubljana, Slovenia.
authors.forename: Tina
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Žagar
authors.affiliation: Belarusian Research Center for Pediatric Oncology, Hematology and Immunology, Childhood Cancer Subregistry of Belarus, Minsk, Belarus.
authors.forename: Anna
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Zborovskaya
authors.affiliation: Institute of Public Health of Serbia, Belgrade, Serbia.
authors.forename: Snezana
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Zivkovic
authors.affiliation: Department of Hygiene, Epidemiology and Medical Statistics, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 75 Mikras Asias Str, 11527, Athens, Greece.
authors.forename: Evdoxia
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Bouka
authors.affiliation: Department of Hygiene, Epidemiology and Medical Statistics, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 75 Mikras Asias Str, 11527, Athens, Greece.
authors.forename: Prodromos
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Kanavidis
authors.affiliation: Oncology Department, Mitera Childrens Hospital, Athens, Greece.
authors.forename: Helen
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Dana
authors.affiliation: Second Department of Pediatrics, AHEPA General Hospital, Aristotelion University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloníki, Greece.
authors.forename: Emmanuel
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Hatzipantelis
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, Hippokration Hospital, Thessaloníki, Greece.
authors.forename: Maria
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kourti
authors.affiliation: Haematology-Oncology Unit, First Department of Pediatrics, "Aghia Sophia" Children's Hospital, Athens University Medical School, Athens, Greece.
authors.forename: Maria
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Moschovi
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatric Haematology-Oncology, "Aghia Sophia" Children's Hospital, Athens, Greece.
authors.forename: Sophia
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Polychronopoulou
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatric Hematology-Oncology, University Hospital of Heraklion, University of Crete, Heraklion, Greece.
authors.forename: Eftichia
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Stiakaki
authors.affiliation: Department of Hygiene, Epidemiology and Medical Statistics, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 75 Mikras Asias Str, 11527, Athens, Greece.
authors.forename: Μaria
authors.initials: Μ
authors.lastname: Kantzanou
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatric Hematology-Oncology, "Pan. & Agl. Kyriakou" Children's Hospital, Athens, Greece.
authors.forename: Apostolos
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Pourtsidis
authors.affiliation: Department of Hygiene, Epidemiology and Medical Statistics, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 75 Mikras Asias Str, 11527, Athens, Greece. epetrid@med.uoa.gr.
authors.forename: Eleni Th
authors.initials: ET
authors.lastname: Petridou
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D005060:Europe / Q000453:epidemiology; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D015994:Incidence; D007223:Infant; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D008223:Lymphoma / Q000453:epidemiology*; D008297:Male; D012042:Registries; D018426:SEER Program; D014481:United States / Q000453:epidemiology
keywords: Cancer registration; Childhood; Hodgkin’s disease; Incidence; Lymphoma; Time trends