title: Total Arsenic, Cadmium, and Lead Determination in Brazilian Rice Samples Using ICP-MS.
abstract: This study is aimed at investigating a suitable method for rice sample preparation as well as validating and applying the method for monitoring the concentration of total arsenic, cadmium, and lead in rice by using Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometry (ICP-MS). Various rice sample preparation procedures were evaluated. The analytical method was validated by measuring several parameters including limit of detection (LOD), limit of quantification (LOQ), linearity, relative bias, and repeatability. Regarding the sample preparation, recoveries of spiked samples were within the acceptable range from 89.3 to 98.2% for muffle furnace, 94.2 to 103.3% for heating block, 81.0 to 115.0% for hot plate, and 92.8 to 108.2% for microwave. Validation parameters showed that the method fits for its purpose, being the total arsenic, cadmium, and lead within the Brazilian Legislation limits. The method was applied for analyzing 37 rice samples (including polished, brown, and parboiled), consumed by the Brazilian population. The total arsenic, cadmium, and lead contents were lower than the established legislative values, except for total arsenic in one brown rice sample. This study indicated the need to establish monitoring programs for emphasizing the study on this type of cereal, aiming at promoting the Public Health.
authors.affiliation: Inorganic Contaminants Laboratory, Contaminants Center, Adolfo Lutz Institute, 355 Dr. Arnaldo Av., 01246-902 São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
authors.forename: Lidiane Raquel Verola
authors.identifier: 0000-0003-4107-0569
authors.initials: LR
authors.lastname: Mataveli
authors.affiliation: Inorganic Contaminants Laboratory, Contaminants Center, Adolfo Lutz Institute, 355 Dr. Arnaldo Av., 01246-902 São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
authors.forename: Márcia Liane
authors.initials: ML
authors.lastname: Buzzo
authors.affiliation: Inorganic Contaminants Laboratory, Contaminants Center, Adolfo Lutz Institute, 355 Dr. Arnaldo Av., 01246-902 São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
authors.forename: Luciana Juncioni
authors.initials: LJ
authors.lastname: de Arauz
authors.affiliation: Inorganic Contaminants Laboratory, Contaminants Center, Adolfo Lutz Institute, 355 Dr. Arnaldo Av., 01246-902 São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
authors.forename: Maria de Fátima Henriques
authors.initials: MF
authors.lastname: Carvalho
authors.affiliation: Inorganic Contaminants Laboratory, Contaminants Center, Adolfo Lutz Institute, 355 Dr. Arnaldo Av., 01246-902 São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
authors.forename: Edna Emy Kumagai
authors.initials: EE
authors.lastname: Arakaki
authors.affiliation: Inorganic Contaminants Laboratory, Contaminants Center, Adolfo Lutz Institute, 355 Dr. Arnaldo Av., 01246-902 São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
authors.forename: Richard
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Matsuzaki
authors.affiliation: Inorganic Contaminants Laboratory, Contaminants Center, Adolfo Lutz Institute, 355 Dr. Arnaldo Av., 01246-902 São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
authors.forename: Paulo
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Tiglea