title: Minimum dose, antigen content, and immunization duration of a trivalent vaccine of inactivatedHaemophilus parasuisserovars 4, 5, and 12 against Glässer's disease in pigs.
abstract: The objective of this study was to assess the minimum dose, antigen content, and immunization duration of a trivalent vaccine containing inactivatedHaemophilus parasuisserovars 4, 5, and 12 and the Montanide GEL 01 PR adjuvant in piglets and pregnant sows. Our results demonstrated that the minimum vaccine dose was 2 mL per pig and the optimal antigen content 2.0 × 109, 1.0 × 109, and 1.0 × 109colony-forming units/mL of serovars 4, 5, and 12, respectively. The vaccine provided effective protection 14 d after the 2nd vaccination, and the period of immune protection was 180 d (6 mo) after the 2nd vaccination. Maternal antibodies provided early protection for the piglets, and vaccinating the sows before farrowing helped to control disease and protected the piglets during lactation; the piglets were protected during the finishing period by being vaccinated during lactation. Our findings provide a basis for developing a commercial trivalent vaccine of inactivatedH. parasuisserovars 4, 5, and 12 against Glässer's disease.
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou 730046, China (Zhao, Liu, Zhang); Laboratory of Veterinary Microbiology, College of Animal Science and Technology, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, China (Zhao, Chen, Qiao Xue); Laboratory of Medical Engineering, College of Medical Technology and Engineering, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, China (Yun Xue).
authors.forename: Zhanqin
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Zhao
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou 730046, China (Zhao, Liu, Zhang); Laboratory of Veterinary Microbiology, College of Animal Science and Technology, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, China (Zhao, Chen, Qiao Xue); Laboratory of Medical Engineering, College of Medical Technology and Engineering, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, China (Yun Xue).
authors.forename: Huisheng
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou 730046, China (Zhao, Liu, Zhang); Laboratory of Veterinary Microbiology, College of Animal Science and Technology, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, China (Zhao, Chen, Qiao Xue); Laboratory of Medical Engineering, College of Medical Technology and Engineering, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, China (Yun Xue).
authors.forename: Keshan
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou 730046, China (Zhao, Liu, Zhang); Laboratory of Veterinary Microbiology, College of Animal Science and Technology, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, China (Zhao, Chen, Qiao Xue); Laboratory of Medical Engineering, College of Medical Technology and Engineering, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, China (Yun Xue).
authors.forename: Qiao
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Xue
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou 730046, China (Zhao, Liu, Zhang); Laboratory of Veterinary Microbiology, College of Animal Science and Technology, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, China (Zhao, Chen, Qiao Xue); Laboratory of Medical Engineering, College of Medical Technology and Engineering, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, China (Yun Xue).
authors.forename: Kunpeng
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou 730046, China (Zhao, Liu, Zhang); Laboratory of Veterinary Microbiology, College of Animal Science and Technology, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, China (Zhao, Chen, Qiao Xue); Laboratory of Medical Engineering, College of Medical Technology and Engineering, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, China (Yun Xue).
authors.forename: Yun
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Xue
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000942:Antigens, Bacterial / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000276:immunology; D001428:Bacterial Vaccines / Q000276:immunology*; D004306:Dose-Response Relationship, Immunologic; D005260:Female; D006192:Haemophilus Infections / Q000382:microbiology / Q000517:prevention & control / Q000662:veterinary*; D044137:Haemophilus parasuis; D007114:Immunization; D011247:Pregnancy; D013552:Swine; D015164:Vaccines, Inactivated / Q000276:immunology
chemical_list: D000942:Antigens, Bacterial; D001428:Bacterial Vaccines; D015164:Vaccines, Inactivated