title: Evaluating the spatial distribution of pollutants and associated maintenance requirements in an 11 year-old bioretention cell in urban Charlotte, NC.
abstract: Bioretention cells (BRCs) are an increasingly popular Stormwater Control Measure used to mitigate the hydrologic and water quality impacts of urbanization. Previous BRC research has demonstrated a strong capacity for pollutant removal; however, long-term sequestration of pollutants within soil media can elevate concentrations to levels fostering environmental and human health risks. Soil media samples were collected from an 11 year-old BRC in Charlotte, NC, and analyzed for the accumulation and spatial distribution of zinc, copper, and phosphorus. Pollutant distribution varied significantly with respect to depth and ordinate distance from the BRC inlet. Zinc concentrations (0.9-228.6 mg kg-1soil) exceeded environmental thresholds and phosphorus concentrations (5.1-173.3 mg kg-1soil) increased from initial levels by a factor of seven; however, notable accumulation was restricted to the BRC forebay. Maximum zinc and copper concentrations in soil media did not exceed 1% of mandatory cleanup levels and with regular maintenance of the forebay, the effective life of BRC media should exceed the life of the developments they treat.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biological and Agricultural Engineering, Campus Box 7625, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695, USA. Electronic address: jeffrey_johnson@ncsu.edu.
authors.forename: Jeffrey P
authors.initials: JP
authors.lastname: Johnson
authors.affiliation: Department of Biological and Agricultural Engineering, Campus Box 7625, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695, USA. Electronic address: wfhunt@ncsu.edu.
authors.forename: William F
authors.initials: WF
authors.lastname: Hunt
mesh_terms: D003300:Copper / Q000032:analysis*; D062070:Hydrology / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods; D009657:North Carolina; D010758:Phosphorus / Q000032:analysis*; D012987:Soil / Q000737:chemistry; D012989:Soil Pollutants / Q000032:analysis*; D014507:Urbanization; D015032:Zinc / Q000032:analysis*
chemical_list: D012987:Soil; D012989:Soil Pollutants; D010758:Phosphorus; D003300:Copper; D015032:Zinc
keywords: Bioinfiltration; Bioretention; Heavy metals; Phosphorus; Stormwater maintenance; Stormwater management; Water pollution