title: Algorithm to Diagnose Delayed and Late PJI: Role of Joint Aspiration.
abstract: Total Joint Arthroplasty (TJA) continues to gain acceptance as the standard of care for the treatment of severe degenerative joint disease, and is considered one of the most successful surgical interventions in the history of medicine. A devastating complication after TJA is infection. Periprosthetic joint infection (PJI), represents one of the major causes of failure and remains a significant challenge facing orthopaedics today. PJI usually requires additional surgery including revision of the implants, fusion or amputations causing tremendous patient suffering but also a heavy health economics burden. PJI is at the origin of around 20-25 % of total knee arthroplasty (Bozic et al. 2010; de Gorter et al. 2015; Sundberg et al. 2015) and 12-15 % of total hip arthroplasty (Bozic et al. 2009; Garellick et al. 2014; de Gorter et al. 2015) failures.
authors.affiliation: Department of Septic Surgery, Orthopaedic-Trauma Unit, Department for the Musculoskeletal System, CHUV, Lausanne, Switzerland. Olivier.borens@chuv.ch.
authors.forename: Olivier
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Borens
authors.affiliation: Reconstructive and Septic Surgery Unit, Orthopaedic Surgery Department, Hospital Vall d'Hebron, Barcelona, Spain.
authors.forename: Pablo S
authors.initials: PS
authors.lastname: Corona
authors.affiliation: Helios ENDO Klinik, Hamburg, Germany.
authors.forename: Lars
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Frommelt
authors.affiliation: Uppsala University Hospital, Uppsala, Sweden.
authors.forename: Stergios
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Lazarinis
authors.affiliation: Northumbria HelathCare NHS Foundation Trust, North Shields, UK.
authors.forename: Michael Richard
authors.initials: MR
authors.lastname: Reed
authors.affiliation: Centre for Reconstructive Surgery and Osteoarticular Infections and Scientific Project Coordinator, Orthopaedic Research at Institute Galeazzi, Milan, Italy.
authors.forename: Carlo Luca
authors.initials: CL
authors.lastname: Romano
mesh_terms: D000465:Algorithms; D000069237:Arthrocentesis / Q000009:adverse effects*; D006801:Humans; D007592:Joint Diseases / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000209:etiology / Q000382:microbiology; D019637:Orthopedic Procedures / Q000009:adverse effects*; D016459:Prosthesis-Related Infections / Q000175:diagnosis*
keywords: Algorithm; Alpha-defensin; Diagnosties; Infection; Joint aspiration; Total Joint Arthroplasty (TJA)