title: Generation of Large-Scale DNA Hydrogels with Excellent Blood and Cell Compatibility.
abstract: Hemocompatibility and cytocompatibility of biomaterials codetermine the success of tissue engineering applications. DNA, the natural component of our cells, is an auspicious biomaterial for the generation of designable scaffolds with tailorable characteristics. In this study, a combination of rolling circle amplification and multiprimed chain amplification is used to generate hydrogels at centimeter scale consisting solely of DNA. Using an in vitro rotation model and fresh human blood, the reaction of the hemostatic system on DNA hydrogels is analyzed. The measurements of hemolysis, platelets activation, and the activation of the complement, coagulation, and neutrophils using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays demonstrate excellent hemocompatibility. In addition, the cytocompatibility of the DNA hydrogels is tested by indirect contact (agar diffusion tests) and material extract experiments with L929 murine fibroblasts according to the ISO 10993-5 specifications and no negative impact on the cell viability is detected. These results indicate the promising potential of DNA hydrogels as biomaterials for versatile applications in the field of regenerative medicine.
authors.affiliation: Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, University Hospital Tuebingen, Calwerstraße 7/1, 72076, Tuebingen, Germany.
authors.forename: Heidi
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Stoll
authors.affiliation: Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, University Hospital Tuebingen, Calwerstraße 7/1, 72076, Tuebingen, Germany.
authors.forename: Heidrun
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Steinle
authors.affiliation: Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, University Hospital Tuebingen, Calwerstraße 7/1, 72076, Tuebingen, Germany.
authors.forename: Katharina
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Stang
authors.affiliation: Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, University Hospital Tuebingen, Calwerstraße 7/1, 72076, Tuebingen, Germany.
authors.forename: Silju
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Kunnakattu
authors.affiliation: Section "Medical Material Science and Technology", Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, University Hospital Tuebingen, Osianderstraße 2-8, 72076, Tuebingen, Germany.
authors.forename: Lutz
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Scheideler
authors.affiliation: Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, University Hospital Tuebingen, Calwerstraße 7/1, 72076, Tuebingen, Germany.
authors.forename: Bernd
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Neumann
authors.affiliation: Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, University Hospital Tuebingen, Calwerstraße 7/1, 72076, Tuebingen, Germany.
authors.forename: Julia
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Kurz
authors.affiliation: Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, University Hospital Tuebingen, Calwerstraße 7/1, 72076, Tuebingen, Germany.
authors.forename: Ilka
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Degenkolbe
authors.affiliation: Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, University Hospital Tuebingen, Calwerstraße 7/1, 72076, Tuebingen, Germany.
authors.forename: Nadja
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Perle
authors.affiliation: Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, University Hospital Tuebingen, Calwerstraße 7/1, 72076, Tuebingen, Germany.
authors.forename: Christian
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Schlensak
authors.affiliation: Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, University Hospital Tuebingen, Calwerstraße 7/1, 72076, Tuebingen, Germany.
authors.forename: Hans Peter
authors.initials: HP
authors.lastname: Wendel
authors.affiliation: Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, University Hospital Tuebingen, Calwerstraße 7/1, 72076, Tuebingen, Germany.
authors.forename: Meltem
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Avci-Adali
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001672:Biocompatible Materials / Q000138:chemical synthesis* / Q000737:chemistry; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000378:metabolism; D001772:Blood Cell Count; D002460:Cell Line; D002470:Cell Survival; D004247:DNA / Q000737:chemistry*; D006461:Hemolysis; D006801:Humans; D020100:Hydrogels / Q000138:chemical synthesis* / Q000737:chemistry; D008422:Materials Testing / Q000379:methods*; D051379:Mice; D015539:Platelet Activation; D016133:Polymerase Chain Reaction; D012212:Rheology
chemical_list: D001672:Biocompatible Materials; D015415:Biomarkers; D020100:Hydrogels; D004247:DNA
keywords: DNA hydrogel; cytocompatibility; hemocompatibility; tissue engineering