title: Lack of Evidence for Racial Disparity in 30-Day All-Cause Readmission Rate for Older US Veterans Hospitalized with Heart Failure.
abstract: Heart failure is the leading cause for 30-day all-cause readmission. Although racial disparities in health care are well documented, their impact on 30-day all-cause readmission rate is inconclusive.
  
  
  
  We examined the impact of racial disparity on 30-day readmission for hospitalized patients with heart failure.
  
  
  
  This is a retrospective secondary data analysis for a large veteran cohort in 130 Veterans Affairs Medical Centers. Propensity scores were used to reduce differences in age, gender, survival days, and comorbidities in index hospitalization among 46 524 whites and 14 124 African Americans (AA).
  
  
  
  At index hospitalization, AA patients were younger (73.04 vs 67.10 years, t = -54.58, P < .000) and less likely to have myocardial infarcts (8.02% vs 9.80%, t = -6.36, P = .000), peripheral vascular disease (15.25% vs 22.51%, t = -18.68, P = .000), chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (39.59% vs 50.05%, t = -21.89, P < .000), and complicated diabetes (23.42% vs 26.24%, t = -6.73, P = .000). AA patients had lower mortality 30 days post-index hospitalization (3.51% vs 5.69%, t = -10.23, P = .000). In contrast, AA patients were more likely to have renal disease (44.03% vs 38.71%, t = 11.32, P < .000) and HIV/AIDS (1.56% vs 0.20%, t = 19.71, P < .000). The 30-day all-cause readmission rate before adjustments was 17.82% for AA patients versus 18.72% for white patients. There was no difference in the 2 rates after adjustments (18% vs 18%; odds of readmission = 1.002, z = 0.08, P = .937).
  
  
  
  In a large Department of Veterans Affairs (VA) cohort, white and AA veterans hospitalized for heart failure had similar 30-day all-cause readmission rates after adjustments were made for age, gender, survival days, and comorbidities. However, the 30-day all-cause mortality rate was higher for white patients than for AA patients. Future prospective studies are needed to validate results and test generalizability outside the VA system of care.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine, Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Washington, District of Columbia (Dr Kheirbek); Department of Health Administration and Policy, George Mason University, Fairfax, Virginia (Drs Wojtusiak, Vlaicu, and Alemi); and George Washington University, School of Medicine & Health Sciences, Washington, District of Columbia (Dr Kheirbek).
authors.forename: Raya Elfadel
authors.initials: RE
authors.lastname: Kheirbek
authors.forename: Janusz
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Wojtusiak
authors.forename: Sorina O
authors.initials: SO
authors.lastname: Vlaicu
authors.forename: Farrokh
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Alemi
mesh_terms: D001741:Black or African American / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D000367:Age Factors; D000368:Aged; D015897:Comorbidity; D005260:Female; D054625:Healthcare Disparities / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D006333:Heart Failure / Q000208:ethnology* / Q000401:mortality; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010359:Patient Readmission / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D044469:Racial Groups / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012737:Sex Factors; D014481:United States; D014493:United States Department of Veterans Affairs / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D014728:Veterans; D044465:White People / Q000706:statistics & numerical data