title: Spatial and temporal trends in the mortality burden of air pollution in China: 2004-2012.
abstract: While recent assessments have quantified the burden of air pollution at the national scale in China, air quality managers would benefit from assessments that disaggregate health impacts over regions and over time. We took advantage of a new 10×10km satellite-based PM2.5dataset to analyze spatial and temporal trends of air pollution health impacts in China, from 2004 to 2012. Results showed that national PM2.5related deaths from stroke, ischemic heart disease and lung cancer increased from approximately 800,000 cases in 2004 to over 1.2 million cases in 2012. The health burden exhibited strong spatial variations, with high attributable deaths concentrated in regions including the Beijing-Tianjin Metropolitan Region, Yangtze River Delta, Pearl River Delta, Sichuan Basin, Shandong, Wuhan Metropolitan Region, Changsha-Zhuzhou-Xiangtan, Henan, and Anhui, which have heavy air pollution, high population density, or both. Increasing trends were found in most provinces, but with varied growth rates. While there was some evidence for improving air quality in recent years, this was offset somewhat by the countervailing influences of in-migration together with population growth. We recommend that priority areas for future national air pollution control policies be adjusted to better reflect the spatial hotspots of health burdens. Satellite-based exposure and health impact assessments can be a useful tool for tracking progress on both air quality and population health burden reductions.
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China.
authors.forename: Miaomiao
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China.
authors.forename: Yining
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Huang
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China.
authors.forename: Zongwei
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Ma
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China.
authors.forename: Zhou
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Jin
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China.
authors.forename: Xingyu
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China.
authors.forename: Haikun
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: Department of Environmental Health, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA.
authors.forename: Yang
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China; Chinese Academy for Environmental Planning, Beijing, China.
authors.forename: Jinnan
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: National Institute for Health and Welfare, Environment and Health Unit, Kuopio, Finland.
authors.forename: Matti
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Jantunen
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China. Electronic address: jbi@nju.edu.cn.
authors.forename: Jun
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Bi
authors.affiliation: Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, USA. Electronic address: plk3@columbia.edu.
authors.forename: Patrick L
authors.initials: PL
authors.lastname: Kinney
mesh_terms: D000393:Air Pollutants / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000032:analysis; D000397:Air Pollution / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000032:analysis; D002681:China / Q000453:epidemiology; D004784:Environmental Monitoring / Q000379:methods; D006801:Humans; D008175:Lung Neoplasms / Q000401:mortality*; D017202:Myocardial Ischemia / Q000401:mortality*; D052638:Particulate Matter / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000032:analysis; D011156:Population Density; D011158:Population Growth; D018570:Risk Assessment; D017215:Satellite Communications; D020521:Stroke / Q000401:mortality*
chemical_list: D000393:Air Pollutants; D052638:Particulate Matter
keywords: Air pollution; China; Health burden; PM(2.5); Spatial; Temporal