title: Familial primary antiphospholipid syndrome: A report of co-occurrence in three Malaysian family members.
abstract: Here we present a case report of three familial primary antiphospholipid syndrome (PAPS) patients from Malaysia. The three familial patients comprised two females and one male with a mean age of 26.3 years. The first diagnosis was made between 2005 and 2009, and all patients demonstrated deep vein thrombosis, high levels of IgM and IgG anticardiolipin antibodies, and received warfarin treatment international normalized ratio (INR) 2.0-3.0. The patients ceased to show clinical symptoms after treatment. Recently (August 2014), we investigated whether the levels of antiphospholipid antibodies remained elevated, and we found that seronegativity occurred in the patients. We suspect that prolonged anticoagulant treatment might be one of the causes of reduced levels of antiphospholipid antibodies in these familial PAPS patients.
authors.affiliation: Human Genome Centre, School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kelantan, Malaysia.
authors.forename: Md Asiful
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Islam
authors.affiliation: Department of Immunology, School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kelantan, Malaysia.
authors.forename: Kah Keng
authors.initials: KK
authors.lastname: Wong
authors.affiliation: Human Genome Centre, School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kelantan, Malaysia.
authors.forename: Teguh Haryo
authors.initials: TH
authors.lastname: Sasongko
authors.affiliation: Human Genome Centre, School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kelantan, Malaysia.
authors.forename: Siew Hua
authors.initials: SH
authors.lastname: Gan
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine, Bintulu Hospital, Jalan Nyabau, Sarawak, Malaysia.
authors.forename: Jin Shyan
authors.initials: JS
authors.lastname: Wong
keywords: Primary antiphospholipid syndrome; antiphospholipid antibodies; deep vein thrombosis