title: High-Protein Intake during Weight Loss Therapy Eliminates the Weight-Loss-Induced Improvement in Insulin Action in Obese Postmenopausal Women.
abstract: High-protein (HP) intake during weight loss (WL) therapy is often recommended because it reduces the loss of lean tissue mass. However, HP intake could have adverse effects on metabolic function, because protein ingestion reduces postprandial insulin sensitivity. In this study, we compared the effects of ∼10% WL with a hypocaloric diet containing 0.8 g protein/kg/day and a hypocaloric diet containing 1.2 g protein/kg/day on muscle insulin action in postmenopausal women with obesity. We found that HP intake reduced the WL-induced decline in lean tissue mass by ∼45%. However, HP intake also prevented the WL-induced improvements in muscle insulin signaling and insulin-stimulated glucose uptake, as well as the WL-induced adaptations in oxidative stress and cell structural biology pathways. Our data demonstrate that the protein content of a WL diet can have profound effects on metabolic function and underscore the importance of considering dietary macronutrient composition during WL therapy for people with obesity.
authors.affiliation: Center for Human Nutrition and Atkins Center of Excellence in Obesity Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA.
authors.forename: Gordon I
authors.initials: GI
authors.lastname: Smith
authors.affiliation: Center for Human Nutrition and Atkins Center of Excellence in Obesity Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA.
authors.forename: Jun
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Yoshino
authors.affiliation: Center for Human Nutrition and Atkins Center of Excellence in Obesity Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA.
authors.forename: Shannon C
authors.initials: SC
authors.lastname: Kelly
authors.affiliation: Center for Human Nutrition and Atkins Center of Excellence in Obesity Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA.
authors.forename: Dominic N
authors.initials: DN
authors.lastname: Reeds
authors.affiliation: Center for Human Nutrition and Atkins Center of Excellence in Obesity Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA.
authors.forename: Adewole
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Okunade
authors.affiliation: Center for Human Nutrition and Atkins Center of Excellence in Obesity Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA.
authors.forename: Bruce W
authors.initials: BW
authors.lastname: Patterson
authors.affiliation: Center for Human Nutrition and Atkins Center of Excellence in Obesity Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA.
authors.forename: Samuel
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Klein
authors.affiliation: Center for Human Nutrition and Atkins Center of Excellence in Obesity Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA. Electronic address: mittendb@wustl.edu.
authors.forename: Bettina
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Mittendorfer
mesh_terms: D015415:Biomarkers / Q000097:blood; D001786:Blood Glucose / Q000378:metabolism; D004038:Diet, Reducing; D004044:Dietary Proteins / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D005227:Fatty Acids / Q000378:metabolism; D005260:Female; D020869:Gene Expression Profiling; D005786:Gene Expression Regulation / Q000187:drug effects; D006728:Hormones / Q000097:blood; D006801:Humans; D007249:Inflammation / Q000473:pathology; D007328:Insulin / Q000494:pharmacology*; D007700:Kinetics; D050155:Lipogenesis / Q000187:drug effects / Q000235:genetics; D055442:Metabolome; D008875:Middle Aged; D008928:Mitochondria / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D009132:Muscles / Q000378:metabolism; D009765:Obesity / Q000097:blood / Q000178:diet therapy*; D010084:Oxidation-Reduction; D018384:Oxidative Stress / Q000187:drug effects / Q000235:genetics; D019308:Palmitic Acid / Q000378:metabolism; D017698:Postmenopause / Q000097:blood / Q000187:drug effects*; D015431:Weight Loss / Q000187:drug effects*
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; D001786:Blood Glucose; D004044:Dietary Proteins; D005227:Fatty Acids; D006728:Hormones; D007328:Insulin; D019308:Palmitic Acid
keywords: amino acids; calorie restriction; high protein diet; insulin resistance; insulin sensitivity; protein; skeletal muscle; weight loss