title: The Immunobiology of Interleukin-35 and Its Regulation and Gene Expression.
abstract: Interleukin-35 (IL-35) is the latest addition to the IL-12 family of heterodimeric cytokines, consisting of IL-12 p35 subunit and IL-27β subunit Epstein-Barr virus induced 3 (EBI3). Since its discovery, IL-35 has been shown to exhibit immunosuppressive activities which are distinct from other members of IL-12 family. IL-35 is also unique in that it is expressed primarily by regulatory T-cells (Tregs) rather than by antigen-presenting cells (APCs). IL-35 can directly suppress effector T-cell proliferation and function and inhibit the differentiation of Th17 cells. It is also able to expand regulatory responses to promote tolerance to infections by generating a potent population of IL-35-producing inducible Tregs (iTr35). As the new cellular sources of IL-35 such as CD8+Tregs, Bregs, and tolerogenic dendritic cells DCs (tolDCs) are identified, more immunoregulatory functions of this cytokine are explored. IL-35 has been shown to be associated with a range of autoimmune diseases and cancer models. It appears to be a promising diagnostic biomarker. A greater understanding of the expression and regulatory mechanisms of IL-35 will be beneficial to the development of novel immune therapies.
authors.affiliation: Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Weill Cornell Medical College, 1300 York Avenue, New York, NY, 10065, USA.
authors.forename: Mei
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Song
authors.affiliation: Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Weill Cornell Medical College, 1300 York Avenue, New York, NY, 10065, USA. xim2002@sjtu.edu.cn.|State Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism, Sheng Yushou Center of Cell Biology and Immunology, School of Life Science and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiaotong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai, 200240, China. xim2002@sjtu.edu.cn.
authors.forename: Xiaojing
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Ma
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001327:Autoimmune Diseases / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism; D003713:Dendritic Cells / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism; D005786:Gene Expression Regulation; D006801:Humans; D007108:Immune Tolerance / Q000235:genetics; D007113:Immunity, Innate / Q000235:genetics* / Q000276:immunology; D007378:Interleukins / Q000235:genetics* / Q000276:immunology / Q000502:physiology*; D058504:Th17 Cells / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D007378:Interleukins; C532417:interleukin-35, human
keywords: Breg; EBI3; IL-35 signaling; Induced regulatory T-cells; Interleukin-35