title: Effects of cell-mediated osteoprotegerin gene transfer and mesenchymal stem cell applications on orthodontically induced root resorption of rat teeth.
abstract: The aim of this study is to evaluate and compare therapeutic effects of mesenchymal stem cell (MSCs) and osteoprotegerin (OPG) gene transfer applications on inhibition and/or repair of orthodontically induced inflammatory root resorption (OIIRR).
  
  
  
  Thirty Wistar rats were divided into four groups as untreated group (negative control), treated with orthodontic appliance group (positive control), MSCs injection group, and OPG transfected MSCs [gene therapy (GT) group]. About 100g of orthodontic force was applied to upper first molar teeth of rats for 14 days. MSCs and transfected MSC injections were performed at 1st, 6th, and 11th days to the MSC and GT group rats. At the end of experiment, upper first molar teeth were prepared for genetical, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), fluorescent microscopy, and haematoxylin eosin-tartrate resistant acid phosphatase staining histological analyses. Number of total cells, number of osteoclastic cells, number of resorption lacunae, resorption area ratio, SEM resorption ratio, OPG, RANKL, Cox-2 gene expression levels at the periodontal ligament (PDL) were calculated. Paired t-test, Kruskal-Wallis, and chi-square tests were performed.
  
  
  
  Transferred MSCs showed marked fluorescence in PDL. The results revealed that number of osteoclastic cells, resorption lacunae, resorption area ratio, RANKL, and Cox-2 were reduced after single MSC injections significantly (P < 0.05). GT group showed the lowest number of osteoclastic cells (P < 0.01), number of resorption lacunae, resorption area ratio, and highest OPG expression (P < 0.001).
  
  
  
  Taken together all these results, MSCs and GT showed marked inhibition and/or repair effects on OIIRR during orthodontic treatment on rats.
authors.affiliation: Department of Orthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Erciyes University, Kayseri.
authors.forename: Nisa Gul
authors.initials: NG
authors.lastname: Amuk
authors.affiliation: Department of Orthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Istanbul Yeni Yüzyil University.
authors.forename: Gökmen
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Kurt
authors.affiliation: Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Faculty of Science, Izmir Institute of Technology.|Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Faculty of Life and Natural Sciences, Abdullah Gul University, Kayseri.
authors.forename: Yusuf
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Baran
authors.affiliation: Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Faculty of Science, Izmir Institute of Technology.
authors.forename: Volkan
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Seyrantepe
authors.affiliation: Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Faculty of Science, Izmir Institute of Technology.|Department of Medical biology, Faculty of Medicine, Izmir University of Economics.
authors.forename: Melis Kartal
authors.initials: MK
authors.lastname: Yandim
authors.affiliation: Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Faculty of Science, Izmir Institute of Technology.|Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Faculty of Life and Natural Sciences, Abdullah Gul University, Kayseri.
authors.forename: Aysun
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Adan
authors.affiliation: Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Faculty of Science, Izmir Institute of Technology.
authors.forename: Secil Akyildiz
authors.initials: SA
authors.lastname: Demir
authors.affiliation: Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Faculty of Science, Izmir Institute of Technology.|Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Faculty of Life and Natural Sciences, Abdullah Gul University, Kayseri.
authors.forename: Yagmur
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Kiraz
authors.affiliation: Department of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, Erciyes University, Kayseri, Turkey.
authors.forename: Mehmet Fatih
authors.initials: MF
authors.lastname: Sonmez
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001862:Bone Resorption / Q000209:etiology / Q000473:pathology / Q000628:therapy; D018014:Gene Transfer Techniques; D015316:Genetic Therapy / Q000379:methods*; D008297:Male; D045164:Mesenchymal Stem Cell Transplantation / Q000379:methods*; D008854:Microscopy, Electron; D008963:Molar / Q000648:ultrastructure; D010010:Osteoclasts / Q000473:pathology; D053244:Osteoprotegerin / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism; D010513:Periodontal Ligament / Q000378:metabolism; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D012391:Root Resorption / Q000209:etiology / Q000473:pathology / Q000628:therapy*; D014087:Tooth Movement Techniques / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000379:methods
chemical_list: D053244:Osteoprotegerin