title: Biosensors and their applications in detection of organophosphorus pesticides in the environment.
abstract: This review discusses the past and recent advancements of biosensors focusing on detection of organophosphorus pesticides (OPs) due to their exceptional use during the last decades. Apart from agricultural benefits, OPs also impose adverse toxicological effects on animal and human population. Conventional approaches such as chromatographic techniques used for pesticide detection are associated with several limitations. A biosensor technology is unique due to the detection sensitivity, selectivity, remarkable performance capabilities, simplicity and on-site operation, fabrication and incorporation with nanomaterials. This study also provided specifications of the most OPs biosensors reported until today based on their transducer system. In addition, we highlighted the application of advanced complementary materials and analysis techniques in OPs detection systems. The availability of these new materials associated with new sensing techniques has led to introduction of easy-to-use analytical tools of high sensitivity and specificity in the design and construction of OPs biosensors. In this review, we elaborated the achievements in sensing systems concerning innovative nanomaterials and analytical techniques with emphasis on OPs.
authors.affiliation: Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Science, Tehran, 1417614411, Iran.|Toxicology Interest Group, Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN), Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
authors.forename: Shokoufeh
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Hassani
authors.affiliation: Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Science, Tehran, 1417614411, Iran.|Medicinal Plants Research Center, Institute of Medicinal Plants, ACECR, Karaj, Iran.|Toxicology Interest Group, Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN), Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
authors.forename: Saeideh
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Momtaz
authors.affiliation: Nanotechnology Research Centre, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
authors.forename: Faezeh
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Vakhshiteh
authors.affiliation: Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Science, Tehran, 1417614411, Iran.|Toxicology Interest Group, Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN), Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
authors.forename: Armin Salek
authors.initials: AS
authors.lastname: Maghsoudi
authors.affiliation: Center of Excellence in Electrochemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran.|Endocrinology and Metabolism Research Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
authors.forename: Mohammad Reza
authors.initials: MR
authors.lastname: Ganjali
authors.affiliation: Center of Excellence in Electrochemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran.|Endocrinology and Metabolism Research Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
authors.forename: Parviz
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Norouzi
authors.affiliation: Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Science, Tehran, 1417614411, Iran. Mohammad@TUMS.Ac.Ir.|Endocrinology and Metabolism Research Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. Mohammad@TUMS.Ac.Ir.|Toxicology Interest Group, Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN), Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. Mohammad@TUMS.Ac.Ir.
authors.forename: Mohammad
authors.identifier: http://orcid.org/0000-0003-0123-1209
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Abdollahi
mesh_terms: D015374:Biosensing Techniques / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000639:trends; D019295:Computational Biology / Q000639:trends; D004784:Environmental Monitoring / Q000295:instrumentation*; D008954:Models, Biological; D036103:Nanotechnology / Q000639:trends; D016571:Neural Networks, Computer; D009943:Organophosphorus Compounds / Q000032:analysis* / Q000633:toxicity; D010573:Pesticide Residues / Q000032:analysis* / Q000633:toxicity
chemical_list: D009943:Organophosphorus Compounds; D010573:Pesticide Residues
keywords: Biosensor detection of OPs; Nanomaterials; Organophosphorus pesticides (OPs)