title: Gitelman's syndrome presenting with hypocalcemic tetany and hypokalemic periodic paralysis.
abstract: Gitelman's syndrome is an autosomal recessive renal tubular disorder characterized by hypomagnesemia, hypokalemia, hypocalciuria, and metabolic alkalosis. Hypocalcemic tetany as a presentation of Gitelman's syndrome has rarely been reported in literature. We report a rare case of Gitelman's syndrome presenting with hypocalcemic tetany along with hypokalemic periodic paralysis. A 17-year-old female was admitted to our hospital with a history of perioral numbness and carpal spasms of five days duration with progressive quadriparesis developing over a period of few hours. Past history was significant for three episodes of transient lower limb weakness. On examination, blood pressure was 110/70 mm Hg. Chvostek's sign and Trousseau's sign were positive. Neurologically, she was fully oriented. She had Grade 3 power in all the four limbs with intact sensation. Laboratory tests showed hypocalcemia (7.8 mg/dL), hypokalemia (2.2 mEq/L), hypomagnesemia (0.9 mEq/L), and hypocalciuria (104 mg/day). Arterial blood gas showed mild metabolic alkalosis with respiratory compensation. Thus, a clinical diagnosis of GS was made. The patient made a remarkable recovery after the correction of electrolyte imbalance. The aim of this case report is to re-emphasize the fact that hypocalcemia can rarely occur in Gitelman's syndrome.
authors.affiliation: Department of Nephrology, Sawai Man Singh Hospital, Jaipur, Rajasthan, India.
authors.forename: Kunal
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Gandhi
authors.affiliation: Department of Nephrology, Sawai Man Singh Hospital, Jaipur, Rajasthan, India.
authors.forename: Dharmendra
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Prasad
authors.affiliation: Department of Nephrology, Sawai Man Singh Hospital, Jaipur, Rajasthan, India.
authors.forename: Vinay
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Malhotra
authors.affiliation: Department of Nephrology, Sawai Man Singh Hospital, Jaipur, Rajasthan, India.
authors.forename: Dhananjai
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Agrawal
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000471:Alkalosis; D001477:Bartter Syndrome; D005260:Female; D053579:Gitelman Syndrome; D006801:Humans; D007008:Hypokalemia; D020514:Hypokalemic Periodic Paralysis; D013746:Tetany