title: Diabetes Distress and Depression in South Asian Canadians with Type 2 Diabetes.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  South Asians are disproportionately affected by diabetes compared to some other ethnic groups in Canada. Although depression and diabetes distress are psychological issues well studied in the general population of those with diabetes, they have not been investigated in South Asian Canadians with type 2 diabetes. We sought to identify the rates of depression and diabetes distress in South Asian adults with type 2 diabetes and to explore the relationship among glycemic control, depression and diabetes distress.
  
  
  METHODS
  We recruited 41 South Asian adults with type 2 diabetes for this study. Glycated hemoglobin (A1C) levels were collected via venous puncture. We utilized the Diabetes Distress Scale to assess total diabetes distress and its subscales (emotional distress, interpersonal distress, regimen-related distress and physician distress) and the Personal Health Questionnaire-9 to assess depressive symptoms.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The rate of depression was 15%, and the rate of total diabetes distress was 52.5%. Although neither measure was found to be correlated with A1C levels, depression had a moderate positive correlation with total diabetes distress (r=0.696; p<0.001); subscales of regimen distress and emotional burden emerged as the strongest correlates.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This is the first study to report that diabetes distress is a serious concern for South Asian Canadians with type 2 diabetes. Given that depression and diabetes distress are linked, studies recruiting a larger and more diverse sample of South Asian Canadians should be conducted to better understand the psychological issues that may impact diabetes self-management in this community.
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Science, Department of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada. Electronic address: rawel95@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Rawel
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Sidhu
authors.affiliation: Division of Endocrinology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada.
authors.forename: Tricia S
authors.initials: TS
authors.lastname: Tang
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D044466:Asian People / Q000208:ethnology* / Q000523:psychology*; D002170:Canada / Q000208:ethnology; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D003863:Depression / Q000097:blood / Q000208:ethnology* / Q000523:psychology*; D003924:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / Q000097:blood / Q000208:ethnology* / Q000523:psychology*; D005260:Female; D006442:Glycated Hemoglobin / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires
chemical_list: D006442:Glycated Hemoglobin; C517652:hemoglobin A1c protein, human
keywords: Asie du Sud; South Asia; depression; diabetes distress; diabète sucré de type 2; dépression; détresse liée au diabète; type 2 diabetes mellitus