title: 24-Hour Relativistic Bit Commitment.
abstract: Bit commitment is a fundamental cryptographic primitive in which a party wishes to commit a secret bit to another party. Perfect security between mistrustful parties is unfortunately impossible to achieve through the asynchronous exchange of classical and quantum messages. Perfect security can nonetheless be achieved if each party splits into two agents exchanging classical information at times and locations satisfying strict relativistic constraints. A relativistic multiround protocol to achieve this was previously proposed and used to implement a 2-millisecond commitment time. Much longer durations were initially thought to be insecure, but recent theoretical progress showed that this is not so. In this Letter, we report on the implementation of a 24-hour bit commitment solely based on timed high-speed optical communication and fast data processing, with all agents located within the city of Geneva. This duration is more than 6 orders of magnitude longer than before, and we argue that it could be extended to one year and allow much more flexibility on the locations of the agents. Our implementation offers a practical and viable solution for use in applications such as digital signatures, secure voting and honesty-preserving auctions.
authors.affiliation: Group of Applied Physics (GAP), University of Geneva, Chemin de Pinchat 22, CH-1211 Geneva 4, Switzerland.
authors.forename: Ephanielle
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Verbanis
authors.affiliation: Group of Applied Physics (GAP), University of Geneva, Chemin de Pinchat 22, CH-1211 Geneva 4, Switzerland.
authors.forename: Anthony
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Martin
authors.affiliation: Group of Applied Physics (GAP), University of Geneva, Chemin de Pinchat 22, CH-1211 Geneva 4, Switzerland.
authors.forename: Raphaël
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Houlmann
authors.affiliation: Group of Applied Physics (GAP), University of Geneva, Chemin de Pinchat 22, CH-1211 Geneva 4, Switzerland.
authors.forename: Gianluca
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Boso
authors.affiliation: Group of Applied Physics (GAP), University of Geneva, Chemin de Pinchat 22, CH-1211 Geneva 4, Switzerland.
authors.forename: Félix
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Bussières
authors.affiliation: Group of Applied Physics (GAP), University of Geneva, Chemin de Pinchat 22, CH-1211 Geneva 4, Switzerland.
authors.forename: Hugo
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Zbinden