title: Comparison of blind intubation through supraglottic devices and direct laryngoscopy by novices: a simulation manikin study.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  This study aimed to compare intubation performance between blind intubation through supraglottic airway devices and direct laryngoscopy by novices under manikin simulation. We hypothesized that the intubation time by novices using supraglottic airway devices was superior to that with the Macintosh laryngoscope (MCL).
  
  
  METHODS
  A prospective, randomized crossover study was conducted with 95 participants, to evaluate i-gel, air-Q, LMA Fastrach, and MCL devices. Primary outcomes were the intubation time and the success rate for intubation.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The i-gel showed the shortest insertion and tube passing time among the four devices; the i-gel and air-Q also showed the shortest total intubation time (all P<0.0083; i-gel vs. air-Q, P=0.03). The i-gel and MCL showed the highest cumulative success rate (all P<0.0083; i-gel vs. MCL, P=0.12).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Blind intubation through the i-gel showed almost equal intubation performance compared to direct laryngoscopy.
authors.affiliation: Department of Emergency Medicine, Kangnam Sacred Heart Hospital, Hallym University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.
authors.forename: Young Yong
authors.initials: YY
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.affiliation: Department of Emergency Medicine, Kangnam Sacred Heart Hospital, Hallym University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.
authors.forename: Gu Hyun
authors.initials: GH
authors.lastname: Kang
authors.affiliation: Department of Emergency Medicine, Kangnam Sacred Heart Hospital, Hallym University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.
authors.forename: Won Hee
authors.initials: WH
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.affiliation: Department of Emergency Medicine, Kangnam Sacred Heart Hospital, Hallym University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.
authors.forename: Hyun Young
authors.initials: HY
authors.lastname: Choi
authors.affiliation: Department of Emergency Medicine, Kangnam Sacred Heart Hospital, Hallym University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.
authors.forename: Yong Soo
authors.initials: YS
authors.lastname: Jang
authors.affiliation: Department of Emergency Medicine, Kangnam Sacred Heart Hospital, Hallym University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.
authors.forename: Young Jae
authors.initials: YJ
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.affiliation: Department of Emergency Medicine, Kangnam Sacred Heart Hospital, Hallym University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.
authors.forename: Jae Guk
authors.initials: JG
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.affiliation: Department of Emergency Medicine, Kangnam Sacred Heart Hospital, Hallym University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.
authors.forename: Hyeongtae
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.affiliation: Gyeonggi Fire Service Academy, Yongin, Korea.
authors.forename: Gyoung Yong
authors.initials: GY
authors.lastname: Kim
keywords: Airway management; Intubation; Laryngeal masks