title: Promoter Analyses of CCN Genes.
abstract: Promoter analysis is the most basics in the analysis of gene regulation. Luciferase gene is the most commonly used reporter gene in promoter analysis. Luciferase is an enzyme that is used when firefly and Renilla reniformis (sea pansy) emit light. The first experimental step in this reporter gene assay is to connect a particular DNA segment to a luciferase gene. The second step is to transfect the reporter construct into the cells. Thereafter, stable luciferase will be produced with the help of transcriptional machinery, mRNA transporters, and translational machinery in the cells. Luciferase assay measures the quantity of light that is emitted by luciferin-luciferase reaction. Consistent with the fact that CCN2 expression has been shown to be altered by a variety of stimuli, the CCN2 promoter region also haa been shown to be bound and regulated by multiple transcription factors such as Smad, MMP3, NF-κB, AP1, TCF/LEF, and Sox9.
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiation Oncology, Harvard Medical School, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, 330 Brookline Ave., Center for Life Science, Boston, MA, 02115, USA.|Advanced Research Center for Oral and Craniofacial Sciences, Okayama University Dental School/Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, 2-5-1, Shikata-cho, Kita-ku, Okayama, 700-8525, Japan.|Department of Dental Pharmacology, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama, Japan.
authors.forename: Takanori
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Eguchi
authors.affiliation: Advanced Research Center for Oral and Craniofacial Sciences, Okayama University Dental School/Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, 2-5-1, Shikata-cho, Kita-ku, Okayama, 700-8525, Japan.|Advanced Research Center for Oral and Craniofacial Sciences, Okayama University Dental School/Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, 2-5-1, Shikata-cho, Kita-ku, Okayama, 700-8525, Japan.
authors.forename: Satoshi
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Kubota
authors.affiliation: Advanced Research Center for Oral and Craniofacial Sciences, Okayama University Dental School/Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, 2-5-1, Shikata-cho, Kita-ku, Okayama, 700-8525, Japan. takigawa@md.okayama-u.ac.jp.
authors.forename: Masaharu
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Takigawa
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D055511:CCN Intercellular Signaling Proteins / Q000235:genetics*; D002460:Cell Line; D019295:Computational Biology / Q000379:methods; D030561:Databases, Nucleic Acid; D015870:Gene Expression; D005786:Gene Expression Regulation; D017930:Genes, Reporter; D006801:Humans; D008163:Luminescent Measurements / Q000379:methods; D005810:Multigene Family; D010957:Plasmids / Q000235:genetics; D011401:Promoter Regions, Genetic; D014162:Transfection
chemical_list: D055511:CCN Intercellular Signaling Proteins
keywords: CCN family; CCN2; Gene expression; Luciferin–luciferase reaction; Promoter analysis; Reporter gene assay; Transcription