title: Multiparametric Imaging Analysis: Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy.
abstract: Magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) is a magnetic resonance-based imaging modality that allows noninvasive sampling of metabolic changes in normal and abnormal brain parenchyma. MRS is particularly useful in the differentiation of developmental or non-neoplastic disorders from neoplastic processes. MRS is also useful during routine imaging follow-up after radiation treatment or during antiangiogenic treatment and for predicting outcomes and treatment response. The objective of this article is to provide a concise but thorough review of the basic physical principles, important applications of MRS in brain tumor imaging, and future directions.
authors.affiliation: Neuroradiology Division, Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA.
authors.forename: O
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Rapalino
authors.affiliation: Neuroradiology Division, Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA; MGH/HST Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Building 149, 13th Street, Room 2301, Charlestown, MA 02129, USA. Electronic address: eratai@mgh.harvard.edu.
authors.forename: E M
authors.initials: EM
authors.lastname: Ratai
mesh_terms: D001921:Brain / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D001927:Brain Diseases / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D001932:Brain Neoplasms / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D003937:Diagnosis, Differential; D006801:Humans; D009682:Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy / Q000379:methods*
keywords: 2-Hydroxyglutarate; Brain tumor; Cerebral metastasis; Choline; Glioma; Lactate; Magnetic resonance spectroscopy; N-acetyl aspartate