title: Inducing G2/M Cell Cycle Arrest and Apoptosis through Generation Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS)-Mediated Mitochondria Pathway in HT-29 Cells by Dentatin (DEN) and Dentatin Incorporated in Hydroxypropyl-β-Cyclodextrin (DEN-HPβCD).
abstract: Dentatin (DEN), purified from the roots ofClausena excavataBurm f., has poor aqueous solubility that reduces its therapeutic application. The aim of this study was to assess the effects of DEN-HPβCD (hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin) complex as an anticancer agent in HT29 cancer cell line and compare with a crystal DEN in dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO). The exposure of the cancer cells to DEN or DEN-HPβCD complex leads to cell growth inhibition as determined by MTT (3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide) assay. To analyze the mechanism, in which DEN or DEN-HPβCD complex causes the death in human colon HT29 cancer cells, was evaluated by the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELIZA)-based assays for caspase-3, 8, 9, and reactive oxygen species (ROS). The findings showed that an anti-proliferative effect of DEN or DEN-HPβCD complex were via cell cycle arrest at the G2/M phase and eventually induced apoptosis through both mitochondrial and extrinsic pathways. The down-regulation of poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) which leaded to apoptosis upon treatment, was investigated by Western-blotting. Hence, complexation between DEN and HPβCD did not diminish or eliminate the effective properties of DEN as anticancer agent. Therefore, it would be possible to resolve the conventional and current issues associated with the development and commercialization of antineoplastic agents in the future.
authors.affiliation: MAKNA-UPM, Cancer Research Laboratory, Institute of Bioscience, University Putra Malaysia, 43400 Selangor, Malaysia. ashwaq.shaker@yahoo.com.
authors.forename: Al-Abboodi Shakir
authors.initials: AS
authors.lastname: Ashwaq
authors.affiliation: MAKNA-UPM, Cancer Research Laboratory, Institute of Bioscience, University Putra Malaysia, 43400 Selangor, Malaysia. mothanna-alqubaisi@yahoo.com.
authors.forename: Mothanna Sadiq
authors.initials: MS
authors.lastname: Al-Qubaisi
authors.affiliation: Department of Veterinary Laboratory Diagnosis, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University Putra Malaysia, 43400 Selangor, Malaysia. rasedee@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Abdullah
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Rasedee
authors.affiliation: MAKNA-UPM, Cancer Research Laboratory, Institute of Bioscience, University Putra Malaysia, 43400 Selangor, Malaysia. zer2crystals@gmail.com.|Department of Biomedical Science, Faculty of Medicine & Health Science, University Putra Malaysia, 43400 Selangor, Malaysia. zer2crystals@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Ahmad Bustamam
authors.initials: AB
authors.lastname: Abdul
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University Putra Malaysia, 43400 Selangor, Malaysia. taufiq@upm.edu.my.
authors.forename: Yun Hin
authors.initials: YH
authors.lastname: Taufiq-Yap
authors.affiliation: LIVES, Institute of Bioscience, University Putra Malaysia, 43400 Selangor, Malaysia. skyeap2005@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Swee Keong
authors.initials: SK
authors.lastname: Yeap
mesh_terms: D000073738:2-Hydroxypropyl-beta-cyclodextrin; D000972:Antineoplastic Agents, Phytogenic / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology*; D017209:Apoptosis / Q000187:drug effects*; D054700:Clausena / Q000737:chemistry; D003110:Colonic Neoplasms / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D004337:Drug Carriers / Q000737:chemistry; D059565:G2 Phase Cell Cycle Checkpoints / Q000187:drug effects*; D019073:HT29 Cells; D006575:Heterocyclic Compounds, 3-Ring / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology*; D006801:Humans; D059566:M Phase Cell Cycle Checkpoints / Q000187:drug effects*; D008928:Mitochondria / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species / Q000378:metabolism*; D015398:Signal Transduction / Q000187:drug effects; D047392:beta-Cyclodextrins / Q000737:chemistry
chemical_list: D000972:Antineoplastic Agents, Phytogenic; D004337:Drug Carriers; D006575:Heterocyclic Compounds, 3-Ring; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species; D047392:beta-Cyclodextrins; C581591:dentatin; D000073738:2-Hydroxypropyl-beta-cyclodextrin
keywords: Dentatin; apoptosis; cytostatic; cytotoxicity; reactive oxygen species (ROS)