title: Down-regulation of tumor suppressor PDCD4 expression in endometrium of adenomyosis patients.
abstract: Adenomyosis is a common benign gynecological disease which has some malignant behaviors. Programmed cell death 4 (PDCD4) is a newly identified tumor suppressor gene which lowly expresses in various cancers. However, the expression status of PDCD4 in endometrium of adenomyosis patients has not been investigated. The aim of this study is to assess the expression levels of PDCD4 in endometrium of normal controls and adenomyosis patients.
  
  
  
  The expression of PDCD4 in endometrium of normal controls and eutopic or ectopic endometrium of patients with adenomyosis was evaluated with quantitative real-time PCR, western blot and immunohistochemistry. In addition, the levels of serum estradiol and progesterone in normal controls and adenomyosis patients were detected using electrochemiluminescence immunoassay.
  
  
  
  The results showed that PDCD4 mainly expressed in the cytoplasma of glandular epithelium of control endometrium and varied during the cycle changes of endometrium, which may be regulated by changing concentrations of progesterone in the menstrual cycle. Compared with the proliferative phase of control endometrium, PDCD4 expression was down-regulated in proliferative phase of eutopic endometrium or ectopic endometrium, and there was no cyclic variation of PDCD4 expression in eutopic endometrium of adenomyosis patients due to progesterone resistance.
  
  
  
  These results suggest that PDCD4 may be involved in the pathogenesis of adenomyosis, which will provide a novel strategy for the early diagnosis and new therapeutic target of adenomyosis.
authors.affiliation: Department of gynecology and obstetrics, Shandong university school of medicine, 44#, Wenhua Xi Road, 250012 Jinan, Shandong, P.R. China.
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.affiliation: Department of immunology, Shandong university school of medicine, 44#, Wenhua Xi Road, 250012 Jinan, Shandong, P.R. China; Department of pathology, Linyi People's hospital, Linyi, Shandong, P.R. China.
authors.forename: X
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Tan
authors.affiliation: Department of gynecology and obstetrics, Jinan central hospital affiliated to Shandong university, 105#, Jiefang Road, 250013 Jinan, Shandong, P.R. China.
authors.forename: Z
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: Department of immunology, Shandong university school of medicine, 44#, Wenhua Xi Road, 250012 Jinan, Shandong, P.R. China.
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: Department of immunology, Shandong university school of medicine, 44#, Wenhua Xi Road, 250012 Jinan, Shandong, P.R. China.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Gao
authors.affiliation: Department of immunology, Shandong university school of medicine, 44#, Wenhua Xi Road, 250012 Jinan, Shandong, P.R. China.
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: Department of gynecology and obstetrics, Jinan central hospital affiliated to Shandong university, 105#, Jiefang Road, 250013 Jinan, Shandong, P.R. China.
authors.forename: Z
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Fang
authors.affiliation: Department of gynecology and obstetrics, Shandong university school of medicine, 44#, Wenhua Xi Road, 250012 Jinan, Shandong, P.R. China.
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Sun
authors.affiliation: Department of immunology, Shandong university school of medicine, 44#, Wenhua Xi Road, 250012 Jinan, Shandong, P.R. China.
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: Department of immunology, Shandong university school of medicine, 44#, Wenhua Xi Road, 250012 Jinan, Shandong, P.R. China. Electronic address: wxy990809@163.com.
authors.forename: X
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: Department of gynecology and obstetrics, Shandong university school of medicine, 44#, Wenhua Xi Road, 250012 Jinan, Shandong, P.R. China; Department of gynecology and obstetrics, Jinan central hospital affiliated to Shandong university, 105#, Jiefang Road, 250013 Jinan, Shandong, P.R. China. Electronic address: weizengtao1970@163.com.
authors.forename: Z
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Wei
mesh_terms: D062788:Adenomyosis / Q000209:etiology / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism; D000328:Adult; D051017:Apoptosis Regulatory Proteins / Q000096:biosynthesis* / Q000235:genetics; D002828:Choristoma / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D003593:Cytoplasm / Q000378:metabolism; D015536:Down-Regulation; D004717:Endometrium / Q000378:metabolism*; D004958:Estradiol / Q000097:blood / Q000502:physiology; D005260:Female; D005498:Follicular Phase / Q000502:physiology; D005786:Gene Expression Regulation; D006801:Humans; D008183:Luteal Phase / Q000502:physiology; D008875:Middle Aged; D009215:Myometrium / Q000378:metabolism; D011374:Progesterone / Q000097:blood / Q000502:physiology; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000235:genetics; D016601:RNA-Binding Proteins / Q000096:biosynthesis* / Q000235:genetics; D060888:Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction
chemical_list: D051017:Apoptosis Regulatory Proteins; C114487:PDCD4 protein, human; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D016601:RNA-Binding Proteins; D011374:Progesterone; D004958:Estradiol
keywords: Adenomyosis; Estradiol; Expression; PDCD4; Progesterone