title: Airway foreign bodies in pediatric patients: anatomic location of foreign body affects complications and outcomes.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Airway foreign bodies (FB) are a common medical emergency within the pediatric population. While deaths are not uncommon, the in-hospital mortality rates and correlation with anatomic location of the airway foreign body have not been previously reported.
  
  
  METHODS
  The KID database was reviewed for 2003, 2006, 2009, and 2012 for pediatric patients with a discharge diagnosis of airway foreign body using ICD-9 codes (933.1, 934.x).
  
  
  RESULTS
  11,793 patients, ages 0-17, were found to have an airway FB. Of patients admitted for airway FB 21.2 % required mechanical ventilation during their hospitalization, and the overall mortality rate was 2.5 %. Location of the airway FB was dependent on age (p < 0.01). Use of mechanical ventilation was dependent on the location of the airway FB (p < 0.01) and being transferred from another hospital (OR 2.59, p < 0.01). Univariate analysis demonstrated differences in in-hospital mortality based on location (p < 0.01), use of a ventilator during hospitalization (OR 24.4, p < 0.01), and transfer from another hospital (OR 2.11, p < 0.01).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The in-hospital mortality rate for airway foreign bodies is 2.5 %. The anatomic location of airway FB in pediatric patients varies by age, and affects the need for mechanical ventilation and in-hospital mortality.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatric Surgery, Mott Children's Hospital, University of Michigan, 1540 E Hospital Dr., Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA.
authors.forename: Kevin
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Johnson
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, Mayo Clinic Arizona, 5777 E Mayo Blvd, Phoenix, AZ, 85054, USA.|Department of Surgery, Level I Pediatric Trauma Center, Phoenix Children's Hospital, 1919 E Thomas Ave, Phoenix, AZ, 85016, USA.
authors.forename: Maria
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Linnaus
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, Mayo Clinic Arizona, 5777 E Mayo Blvd, Phoenix, AZ, 85054, USA. dnotrica@phoenixchildrens.com.|Department of Surgery, Level I Pediatric Trauma Center, Phoenix Children's Hospital, 1919 E Thomas Ave, Phoenix, AZ, 85016, USA. dnotrica@phoenixchildrens.com.
authors.forename: David
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Notrica
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000402:Airway Obstruction / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000209:etiology*; D001999:Bronchoscopy; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D005260:Female; D005547:Foreign Bodies / Q000150:complications / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000401:mortality; D017052:Hospital Mortality / Q000639:trends; D006801:Humans; D015994:Incidence; D007223:Infant; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D008297:Male; D012137:Respiratory System / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000293:injuries; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D014481:United States / Q000453:epidemiology
keywords: Aspiration; Complications; Foreign body; Pediatric airway