title: Determination of Synthetic Musks in Surface Sediment from the Bizerte Lagoon by QuEChERS Extraction Followed by GC-MS.
abstract: A new analytical method for the simultaneous determination of eight synthetic musks compounds (SMs) including five polycyclic musks (PCMs) and three nitro musks (NMs) was validated for sediment samples based on a simple QuEChERS (Quick, Easy, Cheap, Effective, Rugged and Safe) sample preparation procedure followed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). Good analytical performances were obtained for all the target compounds. For the validation of the method, internal calibration (IC) and internal calibration with QuEChERS (ICQ) were compared. Good linearity was obtained for both calibration methods with determination coefficients (R2) ranging between 0.990 for Musk Xylene (MX) and 0.999 for Tonalide (AHTN) with IC and between 0.991 for Musk Ketone (MK) and 0.999 for Traseolide (ATII) with ICQ. The repeatability ranges were 0.1 %-1.9 % with the IC and 0.1 %-2.6 % with the ICQ. The apparent recoveries obtained for SMs in the standard reference sediment (SRM1944) varied in the range of 70 %-98 % and 75 %-103 % in the sediment from the Bizerte Lagoon (Tunisia). The absolute recoveries ranged between 61 % and 92 % for the SRM1944 and between 61 % and 89 % in the sediment from the Bizerte Lagoon. The limits of detection (LOD) calculated for the two main compounds, Galaxolide (HHCB) and Tonalide (AHTN) were 0.3 and 0.1 ng g-1respectively. The LODs obtained for ADBI (Celestolide), AHMI (Phantolide), ATII (Traseolide), MM (Muks mosken), MK (Musk Ketone) and MX (Musk Xylene) were 0.08, 0.12, 0.03, 0.34, 0.11, 0.08, 0.10 and 0.15 ng g-1respectively. The levels of ∑SMs in surface sediments from the Bizerte Lagoon ranged from 1.4 to 4.5 ng g-1, which are 1000 times lower that the predicted no effect concentration (PNEC) for marine organisms.
authors.affiliation: Faculté des Sciences de Tunis, Department de Chimie, Université de Tunis EL Manar, 1007, Tunis, Tunisia.|Laboratoire Milieu Marin, Institut National des Sciences et Technologies de la Mer, port de pêche, 2060, La Goulette, Tunisia.
authors.forename: Mouna
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Necibi
authors.affiliation: UMR IPREM 5254, Laboratoire de Chimie Analytique Bio-Inorganique et Environnement, Université de Pau et des Pays de l'Adour, 2 Avenue du président Angot, 64053, Pau, France.
authors.forename: Laurent
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Lanceleur
authors.affiliation: Laboratoire Milieu Marin, Institut National des Sciences et Technologies de la Mer, port de pêche, 2060, La Goulette, Tunisia.|Laboratoire des sciences et technologies de l'environnement, Institut Supérieur des Sciences et Technologies de l'Environnement de Borj Cédria, Université de Carthage, Tunis, Tunisia.
authors.forename: Nadia
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Mzoughi
authors.affiliation: UMR IPREM 5254, Laboratoire de Chimie Analytique Bio-Inorganique et Environnement, Université de Pau et des Pays de l'Adour, 2 Avenue du président Angot, 64053, Pau, France. mathilde.monperrus@univ-pau.fr.
authors.forename: Mathilde
authors.identifier: http://orcid.org/0000-0002-6337-1672
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Monperrus
mesh_terms: D001578:Benzopyrans / Q000032:analysis; D005229:Fatty Acids, Monounsaturated / Q000032:analysis* / Q000737:chemistry; D008401:Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry / Q000379:methods*; D013764:Tetrahydronaphthalenes / Q000032:analysis; D014416:Tunisia; D014992:Xylenes / Q000032:analysis
chemical_list: D001578:Benzopyrans; D005229:Fatty Acids, Monounsaturated; D013764:Tetrahydronaphthalenes; D014992:Xylenes; C008563:musk; C033119:galaxolide; C031447:musk xylene; C033116:acetyl methyl tetramethyl tetralin; C031448:musk ketone
keywords: Gas chromatography–mass spectrometry; QuEChERS; Sediment; Synthetic musks