title: Fondaparinux for intra and perioperative anticoagulation in patients with heparin-induced thrombocytopenia candidates for peripheral vascular surgery: Report of 4 cases.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Intra and perioperative anticoagulation in patients with heparin induced thrombocytopenia (HIT), candidates for peripheral vascular surgery remains a challenge, as the best alternative to heparin has not yet been established. We evaluated the off-label use of fondaparinux in four patients with HIT, undergoing peripheral vascular surgery procedures.
  
  
  METHODS
  Four patients of whom 3 men of a mean age of 66 years, with proven heparin induced thrombocytopenia (HIT) underwent two axillo-femoral bypasses, one femoro-popliteal bypass and one resection of a splenic artery aneurysm under fondaparinux. No intra or perioperative bleeding or thrombosis of new onset was observed.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In the absence of a valid alternative to heparin for intra and perioperative anticoagulation in HIT, several other anticoagulants can be used in an off-label setting. However, no general consensus exist on which should be the one of choice. In this small series fondaparinux appeared to be both safe and effective.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These preliminary results seem to justify the off-label use of fondaparinux for intra and perioperative anticoagulation in patients with HIT, candidates for peripheral vascular surgery interventions.
authors.affiliation: The Department of Surgical Sciences, The University of Rome "La Sapienza", Rome, Italy. Electronic address: giulio.illuminati@uniroma1.it.
authors.forename: Giulio
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Illuminati
authors.affiliation: The Department of Vascular Surgery, Sant'Anna Hospital, Catanzaro, Italy.
authors.forename: Francesco G
authors.initials: FG
authors.lastname: Calio'
authors.affiliation: The Department of Surgical Sciences, The University of Rome "La Sapienza", Rome, Italy.
authors.forename: Giulia
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Pizzardi
authors.affiliation: The Department of Surgical Sciences, The University of Rome "La Sapienza", Rome, Italy.
authors.forename: Chiara
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Amatucci
authors.affiliation: The Department of Surgical Sciences, The University of Rome "La Sapienza", Rome, Italy.
authors.forename: Federica
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Masci
authors.affiliation: The Department of Surgical Sciences, The University of Rome "La Sapienza", Rome, Italy.
authors.forename: Piergaspare
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Palumbo
keywords: Fondaparinux; Heparin induced thrombocytopenia; Vascular surgery