title: Validity of Klotho, CYR61 and YKL-40 as ideal predictive biomarkers for acute kidney injury: review study.
abstract: Acute kidney injury (AKI) is still a headache for clinicians and scientists as a possible reason for increased death among intensive care unit (ICU) patients after invasive cardiac surgery. Furthermore, the diagnostic process for AKI using conventional biomarkers is not sufficient to ensure early warning of this condition because of the morbid influence of non-renal factors that definitively delay the time for the prognosis. These imposed limitations have led to significant amounts of research targeted towards identifying novel biomarkers for AKI with a sustained degree of sensitivity and specificity. Here, we reviewed previous studies conducted on the Klotho, CYR61 and YKL-40 biomarkers in relation to AKI.
  Review of the literature conducted in the Institute of Clinical Chemistry & Biochemistry, Ljubljana University Medical Center, Slovenia.
  The literature was searched in PubMed and the Cochrane Library. From the database of this specialty, we selected 17 references that matched our context for detailed analysis and further investigation.
  The studies reviewed showed notable differences in their results relating to the diagnostic impact of Klotho, CYR61 and YKL-40 on early prediction of AKI.
  The results regarding the Klotho, CYR61 and YKL-40 biomarkers showed markedly equivocal performance in the previous studies and did not fulfill the expectations that these factors would form valid possible biomarkers for AKI.
authors.affiliation: PhD. Lecturer of Clinical Biochemistry, Department of Public Health, Health Science College at Al-Leith, Umm Al-Qura University, Saudi Arabia.
authors.forename: Osama
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Mosa
authors.affiliation: PhD. Professor and Head of Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Biochemistry, Ljubljana University Medical Center, Ljubljana, Slovenia.
authors.forename: Milan
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Skitek
authors.affiliation: PhD. Associate Professor and Head of Department of Hormones and Tumor Markers, Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Biochemistry, Ljubljana University Medical Center, Ljubljana, Slovenia.
authors.forename: Ales
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Jerin
mesh_terms: D058186:Acute Kidney Injury / Q000175:diagnosis*; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000032:analysis*; D000071451:Chitinase-3-Like Protein 1 / Q000032:analysis*; D055515:Cysteine-Rich Protein 61 / Q000032:analysis*; D005966:Glucuronidase / Q000032:analysis*; D006801:Humans; D000090265:Klotho Proteins; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; C501848:CCN1 protein, human; C084533:CHI3L1 protein, human; D000071451:Chitinase-3-Like Protein 1; D055515:Cysteine-Rich Protein 61; D005966:Glucuronidase; D000090265:Klotho Proteins