title: Antigen Presentation in Transplantation.
abstract: Transplantation of solid organs between genetically distinct individuals leads, in the absence of immunosuppression, to T cell-dependent transplant rejection. Activation of graft-reactive T cells relies on the presentation of transplant-derived antigens (intact donor MHC molecules or processed peptides on host MHC molecules) by mature dendritic cells (DCs). This review focuses on novel insights regarding the steps for maturation and differentiation of DCs that are necessary for productive presentation of transplant antigens to host T cells. These steps include the licensing of DCs by the microbiota, their activation and maturation following recognition of allogeneic non-self, and their capture of donor cell exosomes to amplify the presentation of transplant antigens.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine, University of Chicago, 924 East 57th Street, JFK-R312, Chicago, IL 60637, USA. Electronic address: malegre@midway.uchicago.edu.
authors.forename: Maria-Luisa
authors.initials: ML
authors.lastname: Alegre
authors.affiliation: Thomas E. Starzl Transplantation Institute and Departments of Surgery and Immunology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Biomedical Science Tower, 200 Lothrop Street, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA; Thomas E. Starzl Transplantation Institute and Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Biomedical Science Tower, 200 Lothrop Street, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA.
authors.forename: Fadi G
authors.initials: FG
authors.lastname: Lakkis
authors.affiliation: Thomas E. Starzl Transplantation Institute and Departments of Surgery and Immunology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Biomedical Science Tower, 200 Lothrop Street, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA.
authors.forename: Adrian E
authors.initials: AE
authors.lastname: Morelli
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D017951:Antigen Presentation; D002454:Cell Differentiation; D003713:Dendritic Cells / Q000276:immunology*; D055354:Exosomes / Q000276:immunology; D006084:Graft Rejection / Q000276:immunology*; D006801:Humans; D007519:Isoantigens / Q000276:immunology; D008213:Lymphocyte Activation; D064307:Microbiota / Q000276:immunology; D016377:Organ Transplantation; D013601:T-Lymphocytes / Q000276:immunology*; D014181:Transplantation Immunology; D023001:Transplantation Tolerance / Q000276:immunology*
chemical_list: D007519:Isoantigens