title: F-O-G Ring Formation in Glycopeptide Antibiotic Biosynthesis is Catalysed by OxyE.
abstract: The glycopeptide antibiotics are peptide-based natural products with impressive antibiotic function that derives from their unique three-dimensional structure. Biosynthesis of the glycopeptide antibiotics centres of the combination of peptide synthesis, mediated by a non-ribosomal peptide synthetase, and the crosslinking of aromatic side chains of the peptide, mediated by the action of a cascade of Cytochrome P450s. Here, we report the first example of in vitro activity of OxyE, which catalyses the F-O-G ring formation reaction in teicoplanin biosynthesis. OxyE was found to only act after an initial C-O-D crosslink is installed by OxyB and to require an interaction with the unique NRPS domain from glycopeptide antibiotic - the X-domain - in order to display catalytic activity. We could demonstrate that OxyE displays limited stereoselectivity for the peptide, which mirrors the results from OxyB-catalysed turnover and is in sharp contrast to OxyA. Furthermore, we show that activity of a three-enzyme cascade (OxyB/OxyA/OxyE) in generating tricyclic glycopeptide antibiotic peptides depends upon the order of addition of the OxyA and OxyE enzymes to the reaction. This work demonstrates that complex enzymatic cascades from glycopeptide antibiotic biosynthesis can be reconstituted in vitro and provides new insights into the biosynthesis of these important antibiotics.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biomolecular Mechanisms, Max Planck Institute for Medical Research, Jahnstrasse 29, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany.
authors.forename: Madeleine
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Peschke
authors.affiliation: Department of Biomolecular Mechanisms, Max Planck Institute for Medical Research, Jahnstrasse 29, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany.
authors.forename: Clara
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Brieke
authors.affiliation: Department of Biomolecular Mechanisms, Max Planck Institute for Medical Research, Jahnstrasse 29, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany.|EMBL Australia, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria 3800, Australia.|The Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology and ARC Centre of Excellence in Advanced Molecular Imaging, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria 3800, Australia.
authors.forename: Max J
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Cryle
mesh_terms: D024322:Amino Acids, Aromatic / Q000737:chemistry; D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000378:metabolism; D001419:Bacteria / Q000201:enzymology*; D018407:Bacterial Physiological Phenomena; D001426:Bacterial Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D002384:Catalysis; D002474:Cell-Free System; D003001:Cloning, Molecular; D003500:Cyclization; D003577:Cytochrome P-450 Enzyme System / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D006020:Glycopeptides / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D010453:Peptide Synthases / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism*; D011487:Protein Conformation; D013237:Stereoisomerism; D013379:Substrate Specificity; D017334:Teicoplanin / Q000096:biosynthesis*
chemical_list: D024322:Amino Acids, Aromatic; D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents; D001426:Bacterial Proteins; D006020:Glycopeptides; D017334:Teicoplanin; D003577:Cytochrome P-450 Enzyme System; D010453:Peptide Synthases; C104385:non-ribosomal peptide synthase