title: Removal of carbamates and detoxification potential in a biomixture: Fungal bioaugmentation versus traditional use.
abstract: The use of fungal bioaugmentation represents a promising way to improve the performance of biomixtures for the elimination of pesticides. The ligninolyitc fungus Trametes versicolor was employed for the removal of three carbamates (aldicarb, ALD; methomyl, MTM; and methiocarb, MTC) in defined liquid medium; in this matrix ALD and MTM showed similar half-lives (14d), nonetheless MTC exhibited a faster removal, with a half-life of 6.5d. Then the fungus was employed in the bioaugmentation of an optimized biomixture to remove the aforementioned carbamates plus carbofuran (CFN). Bioaugmented and non-bioaugmented systems removed over 99% ALD and MTM after 8d of treatment, nonetheless a slight initial delay in the removal was observed in the bioaugmented biomixtures (removal after 3d: ALD 87%/97%; MTM 86%/99%, in bioaugmented/non-bioaugmented systems). The elimination of the other carbamates was slower, but independent of the presence of the fungus: >98% for MTM after 35d and >99.5% for CFN after 22d. Though the bioaugmentation did not improve the removal capacity of the biomixture, it favored a lower production of transformation products at the first stages of the treatment, and in both cases, a marked decrease in the toxicity of the matrix was swiftly achieved along the process (from 435 to 448 TU to values <1TU in 16d).
authors.affiliation: Centro de Investigación en Contaminación Ambiental (CICA), Universidad de Costa Rica, 2060 San José, Costa Rica. Electronic address: carlos.rodriguezrodriguez@ucr.ac.cr.
authors.forename: Carlos E
authors.initials: CE
authors.lastname: Rodríguez-Rodríguez
authors.affiliation: Centro de Investigación en Contaminación Ambiental (CICA), Universidad de Costa Rica, 2060 San José, Costa Rica.
authors.forename: Karina
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Madrigal-León
authors.affiliation: Centro de Investigación en Contaminación Ambiental (CICA), Universidad de Costa Rica, 2060 San José, Costa Rica.
authors.forename: Mario
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Masís-Mora
authors.affiliation: Centro de Investigación en Contaminación Ambiental (CICA), Universidad de Costa Rica, 2060 San José, Costa Rica.
authors.forename: Marta
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Pérez-Villanueva
authors.affiliation: Centro de Investigación en Contaminación Ambiental (CICA), Universidad de Costa Rica, 2060 San José, Costa Rica.
authors.forename: Juan Salvador
authors.initials: JS
authors.lastname: Chin-Pampillo
mesh_terms: D000448:Aldicarb / Q000378:metabolism; D001673:Biodegradation, Environmental; D002219:Carbamates / Q000378:metabolism*; D002235:Carbofuran / Q000031:analogs & derivatives / Q000378:metabolism; D006207:Half-Life; D008658:Inactivation, Metabolic; D007306:Insecticides / Q000378:metabolism*; D042845:Laccase / Q000032:analysis; D008714:Methiocarb / Q000378:metabolism; D008724:Methomyl / Q000378:metabolism; D012987:Soil / Q000737:chemistry; D013997:Time Factors; D055454:Trametes / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D002219:Carbamates; D007306:Insecticides; D012987:Soil; C032069:3-ketocarbofuran; D008724:Methomyl; C028403:3-hydroxycarbofuran; D000448:Aldicarb; D042845:Laccase; D008714:Methiocarb; D002235:Carbofuran
keywords: Bioaugmentation; Biomixture; Biopurification system; Fungi; Pesticides