title: Subchronic Exposure to Fenthion Induces Hematological Changes in Liver Tissue of African Catfish Clarias gariepinus.
abstract: In this study, African Catfish (also known as Sharptooth Catfish) Clarias gariepinus were exposed to sublethal concentrations of fenthion of 2.0, 4.0, and 8.0 mg/L for 21 d and allowed to recover for 7 d to investigate the potential for hematological changes. Whole blood was sampled on days 1, 7, 14, and 21 postexposure and after a 7-d recovery period. During exposure, fenthion caused a reduction in red blood cell counts, hemoglobin concentration, and packed cell volume. There was an increase in white blood cell counts but no significant difference in mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration, mean corpuscular volume, and mean corpuscular hemoglobin. Both increases and decreases were observed in white blood cell differentials. After the 7-d recovery period, both increases and decreases were observed in the hematological parameters. These results reveal that sublethal concentrations of fenthion can cause hematological alterations in African Catfish and that the substance should be used with caution. Received October 20, 2015; accepted May 4, 2016.
authors.affiliation: a Department of Zoology and Environmental Biology , University of Nigeria , Nsukka , Nigeria.
authors.forename: Christopher Didigwu
authors.initials: CD
authors.lastname: Nwani
authors.affiliation: b Department of Biological Science , Federal University , Lokoja , Nigeria.
authors.forename: Peace Onas
authors.initials: PO
authors.lastname: Somdare
authors.affiliation: c Department of Vocational Teacher Education , University of Nigeria , Nsukka , Nigeria.
authors.forename: Juliana Adimonye
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Ukonze
authors.affiliation: a Department of Zoology and Environmental Biology , University of Nigeria , Nsukka , Nigeria.
authors.forename: Vincent Chikwendu
authors.initials: VC
authors.lastname: Ejere
authors.affiliation: d Department of Plant Science and Biotechnology , University of Nigeria , Nsukka , Nigeria.
authors.forename: Alfreda O
authors.initials: AO
authors.lastname: Nwadinigwe
authors.affiliation: e Department of Crop Science and Landscape Management , Ebonyi State University , Abakaliki , Nigeria.
authors.forename: Jacinta Chinedu
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: Nwani
authors.affiliation: a Department of Zoology and Environmental Biology , University of Nigeria , Nsukka , Nigeria.
authors.forename: Gregory Ejike
authors.initials: GE
authors.lastname: Odo
authors.affiliation: a Department of Zoology and Environmental Biology , University of Nigeria , Nsukka , Nigeria.
authors.forename: Ogechi Nnabuchi
authors.initials: ON
authors.lastname: Ugbor
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002397:Catfishes / Q000097:blood* / Q000378:metabolism; D005260:Female; D005284:Fenthion / Q000633:toxicity*; D006403:Hematologic Tests / Q000662:veterinary; D007306:Insecticides / Q000633:toxicity*; D008099:Liver / Q000098:blood supply / Q000187:drug effects*; D008297:Male; D059550:Toxicity Tests, Subchronic / Q000662:veterinary; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical / Q000633:toxicity*
chemical_list: D007306:Insecticides; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical; D005284:Fenthion