title: Resting-state subcortical functional connectivity in HIV-infected patients on long-term cART.
abstract: Despite long-term successful treatment with cART, impairments in cognitive functioning are still being reported in HIV-infected patients. Since changes in cognitive function may be preceded by subtle changes in brain function, neuroimaging techniques, such as resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (rs-fMRI) have become useful tools in assessing HIV-associated abnormalities in the brain. The purpose of the current study was to examine the extent to which HIV infection in virologically suppressed patients is associated with disruptions in subcortical regions of the brain in comparison to a matched HIV-negative control group. The sample consisted of 72 patients and 39 controls included between January 2012 and January 2014. Resting state functional connectivity was determined between fourteen regions-of-interest (ROI): the left and right nucleus accumbens, amygdala, caudate nucleus, hippocampus, putamen, pallidum and thalamus. A Bayesian method was used to estimate resting-state functional connectivity, quantified in terms of partial correlations. Both groups showed the strongest partial correlations between the left and right caudate nucleus and the left and right thalamus. However, no differences between the HIV patients and controls were found between the posterior expected network densities (control network density = 0.26, SD = 0.05, patient network density = 0.26, SD = 0.04, p = 0.58). The results of the current study show that HIV does not affect subcortical connectivity in virologically controlled patients who are otherwise healthy.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medical Psychology, Radboud University Medical Center, P.O. box 9101, 6500, HB, Nijmegen, the Netherlands. marloes.janssen@radboudumc.nl.|Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University, Nijmegen, the Netherlands. marloes.janssen@radboudumc.nl.
authors.forename: Marloes A M
authors.initials: MAM
authors.lastname: Janssen
authors.affiliation: Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University, Nijmegen, the Netherlands.|Institute for Computing and Information Sciences, Radboud University, Nijmegen, the Netherlands.
authors.forename: Max
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Hinne
authors.affiliation: Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University, Nijmegen, the Netherlands.
authors.forename: Ronald J
authors.initials: RJ
authors.lastname: Janssen
authors.affiliation: Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University, Nijmegen, the Netherlands.
authors.forename: Marcel A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: van Gerven
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands.
authors.forename: Stefan C
authors.initials: SC
authors.lastname: Steens
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands.|Department of Diagnostic Imaging, Medical Center for Postgraduate Education, Warsaw, Poland.
authors.forename: Bozena
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Góraj
authors.affiliation: Department of Internal Medicine, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands.
authors.forename: Peter P
authors.initials: PP
authors.lastname: Koopmans
authors.affiliation: Department of Medical Psychology, Radboud University Medical Center, P.O. box 9101, 6500, HB, Nijmegen, the Netherlands.|Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University, Nijmegen, the Netherlands.
authors.forename: Roy P C
authors.initials: RPC
authors.lastname: Kessels
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000465:Algorithms; D019380:Anti-HIV Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D001499:Bayes Theorem; D001921:Brain / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000503:physiopathology*; D001931:Brain Mapping / Q000379:methods; D004359:Drug Therapy, Combination; D005260:Female; D015658:HIV Infections / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000503:physiopathology*; D006801:Humans; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009434:Neural Pathways / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000503:physiopathology; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012146:Rest
chemical_list: D019380:Anti-HIV Agents
keywords: Bayesian method; HIV; Magnetic resonance imaging; Partial correlations; Resting-state; Subcortical functional connectivity