title: Prevalence of medically treated children with ADHD and type 1 diabetes in Germany - Analysis of two representative databases.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The aim of this study was to analyze the prevalence of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) in children and adolescents with type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) in Germany.
  
  
  METHODS
  Two different representative German databases - IMS®-Disease Analyzer, a database that includes diagnoses as well as other information, and IMS®-LRx, a database that documents prescriptions - were used to conduct a retrospective analysis. We searched the LRx database for patients who received both insulin and ADHD-specific medication.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In 2014, 677,587 children and adolescents aged 0-18 years were treated by a pediatrician and documented in the Disease Analyzer database. Of these patients, 16,833 received the International Statistical Classification of Diseases and Related Health Problems (ICD-10) diagnosis of ADHD (2.5%) and 3668 patients were treated for T1DM (0.1%). Of these 3668 patients, a total of 153 children were also diagnosed with ADHD (4.2%; p<0.05). In the LRx database, the overall prevalence of children in Germany who received both drugs for the treatment of ADHD and insulin in 2014 amounted to 2.9%. Diagnosis of ADHD is 2.4-3.3 times more frequent in boys than in girls. The highest prevalence was seen in the age group of 12-15 years (3.5%) and the lowest in the age group of 6-11 years (2.5%).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Children with diabetes suffer from ADHD significantly more frequently than children without diabetes. The prevalence of medically treated children with ADHD and diabetes is similar to that documented in a recent report by the Barmer GEK health insurance body. However, it is possible that children with T1DM are much more frequently seen by medical care providers and are thus more likely to be evaluated and receive an appropriate diagnosis.
authors.forename: Thomas M
authors.initials: TM
authors.lastname: Kapellen
authors.forename: Rebecca
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Reimann
authors.forename: Wieland
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Kiess
authors.forename: Karel
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Kostev
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000367:Age Factors; D000069445:Atomoxetine Hydrochloride / Q000627:therapeutic use; D001289:Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000453:epidemiology; D002648:Child; D015331:Cohort Studies; D015897:Comorbidity; D003913:Dextroamphetamine / Q000627:therapeutic use; D003922:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1 / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000453:epidemiology; D011307:Drug Prescriptions; D005260:Female; D005858:Germany / Q000453:epidemiology; D006801:Humans; D007004:Hypoglycemic Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D007328:Insulin / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D008297:Male; D008774:Methylphenidate / Q000627:therapeutic use; D014179:Neurotransmitter Uptake Inhibitors / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D015995:Prevalence; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012307:Risk Factors; D012737:Sex Factors
chemical_list: D007004:Hypoglycemic Agents; D007328:Insulin; D014179:Neurotransmitter Uptake Inhibitors; D008774:Methylphenidate; D000069445:Atomoxetine Hydrochloride; D003913:Dextroamphetamine