title: Chemical characteristics of fine particles and their impact on visibility impairment in Shanghai based on a 1-year period observation.
abstract: In this work, a one-year observation focusing on high time resolution characteristics of components in fine particles was conducted at an urban site in Shanghai. Contributions of different components on visibility impairment were also studied. Our research indicates that the major components of PM2.5in Shanghai are water-soluble inorganic ions and carbonaceous aerosol, accounting for about 60% and 30% respectively. Higher concentrations of sulfate (SO42-) and organic carbon (OC) in PM2.5occurred in fall and summer, while higher concentrations of nitrate (NO3-) were observed in winter and spring. The mass concentrations of Cl-and K+were higher in winter. Moreover, NO3-increased significantly during PM2.5pollution episodes. The high values observed for the sulfate oxidizing rate (SOR), nitrate oxidizing rate (NOR) and secondary organic carbon (SOC) in OC indicate that photochemical reactions were quite active in Shanghai. The IMPROVE (Interagency Monitoring of Protected Visual Environments) formula was used in this study to investigate the contributions of individual PM2.5chemical components to the light extinction efficient in Shanghai. Both NH4NO3and (NH4)2SO4had close relationships with visibility impairment in Shanghai. Our results show that the reduction of anthropogenic SO2, NOxand NH3would have a significant effect on the improvement of air quality and visibility in Shanghai.
authors.affiliation: State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of the Cause and Prevention of Urban Air Pollution Complex, Shanghai 200233, China; Shanghai Academy of Environmental Sciences, Shanghai 200233, China. Electronic address: zhoum@saes.sh.cn.
authors.forename: Min
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Zhou
authors.affiliation: State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of the Cause and Prevention of Urban Air Pollution Complex, Shanghai 200233, China; Shanghai Academy of Environmental Sciences, Shanghai 200233, China.
authors.forename: Liping
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Qiao
authors.affiliation: State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of the Cause and Prevention of Urban Air Pollution Complex, Shanghai 200233, China; Shanghai Academy of Environmental Sciences, Shanghai 200233, China.
authors.forename: Shuhui
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Zhu
authors.affiliation: State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of the Cause and Prevention of Urban Air Pollution Complex, Shanghai 200233, China; Shanghai Academy of Environmental Sciences, Shanghai 200233, China. Electronic address: lili@saes.sh.cn.
authors.forename: Li
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of the Cause and Prevention of Urban Air Pollution Complex, Shanghai 200233, China; Shanghai Academy of Environmental Sciences, Shanghai 200233, China.
authors.forename: Shengrong
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Lou
authors.affiliation: State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of the Cause and Prevention of Urban Air Pollution Complex, Shanghai 200233, China; Shanghai Academy of Environmental Sciences, Shanghai 200233, China.
authors.forename: Hongli
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of the Cause and Prevention of Urban Air Pollution Complex, Shanghai 200233, China; Shanghai Academy of Environmental Sciences, Shanghai 200233, China.
authors.forename: Qian
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of the Cause and Prevention of Urban Air Pollution Complex, Shanghai 200233, China; Shanghai Academy of Environmental Sciences, Shanghai 200233, China.
authors.forename: Shikang
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Tao
authors.affiliation: State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of the Cause and Prevention of Urban Air Pollution Complex, Shanghai 200233, China; Shanghai Academy of Environmental Sciences, Shanghai 200233, China.
authors.forename: Cheng
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Huang
authors.affiliation: State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of the Cause and Prevention of Urban Air Pollution Complex, Shanghai 200233, China; Shanghai Academy of Environmental Sciences, Shanghai 200233, China.
authors.forename: Changhong
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Chen
mesh_terms: D000336:Aerosols / Q000032:analysis / Q000737:chemistry; D000393:Air Pollutants / Q000032:analysis* / Q000737:chemistry; D002681:China; D004784:Environmental Monitoring; D009566:Nitrates; D010316:Particle Size; D052638:Particulate Matter / Q000032:analysis* / Q000737:chemistry; D012621:Seasons; D013431:Sulfates
chemical_list: D000336:Aerosols; D000393:Air Pollutants; D009566:Nitrates; D052638:Particulate Matter; D013431:Sulfates
keywords: Chemical composition; Light extinction efficient; PM(2.5); Shanghai