title: Evaluate the growth and adhesion of osteoblast cells on nanocomposite scaffold of hydroxyapatite/titania coated with poly hydroxybutyrate.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The generation of bioartificial bone tissues may help to overcome the problems related to donor site morbidity and size limitations.
  
  
  METHODS
  In this paper, hydroxyapatite (HA) powder was made out of bovine bone by thermal analysis at 900°C and first, and then, porous HA (50 weight percentage) was produced by polyurethane sponge replication method. In order to improve the scaffold mechanical properties, they have been coated with poly hydroxybutyrate. In terms of phase studies, morphology, and specifying agent groups, the specific characterization devices such as X-ray diffraction and Fourier transform infrared, were employed. To compare the behavior of cellular scaffolds, they were divided into four groups of scaffolds. The osteoblast cells were cultured. To perform phase studies, analysis of Methylthiazole tetrazolium (MTT) and Trypan blue were carried out for the viability and attachment on the surface of the scaffold, and the specification of Scanning electron microscopy was employed for the morphology of the cells.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The results of MTT analysis performed on four groups of scaffolds have shown that Titanium oxide (Tio2) had no effect on cell growth alone and HA was the main factor of growth and cell osteoblast adhesion on the scaffold. Moreover, the results showed that the use of coating with poly-3-hydroxybutyrate saved the factors and placed the osteoblasts within the pore. Since the main part of bone consists of HA, the TiO2accelerates the formation of apatite crystals at the scaffold surface which is the evidence for bone tissue regeneration.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  It is likely that the relation between HA and TiO2leads to an increase in osteoblast adhesion and growth of cells on the scaffold surface.
authors.affiliation: Department of Tissue Engineering, Faculty of Basic Science and Nuclear Engineering, Islamic Azad University, Najafabad Branch, Najafabad, Iran.
authors.forename: Babak
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Pourmollaabbassi
authors.affiliation: Department of Biomaterials and Tissue Engineering, School of Advance Technology in Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran.
authors.forename: Saeed
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Karbasi
authors.affiliation: Department of Anatomical Sciences, School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran.
authors.forename: Batool
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Hashemibeni
keywords: Osteoblast; poly- hydroxybutyrate; scaffold; tissue Engineering; titania