title: Study of arsenic accumulation in rice and evaluation of protective effects of Chorchorus olitorius leaves against arsenic contaminated rice induced toxicities in Wistar albino rats.
abstract: In the present study, we investigated the arsenic accumulation in different parts of rice irrigated with arsenic contaminated water. Besides, we also evaluated the protective effects of Corchorus olitorius leaves against arsenic contaminated rice induced toxicities in animal model.
  
  
  
  A pot experiment was conducted with arsenic amended irrigation water (0.0, 25.0, 50.0 and 75.0 mg/L As) to investigate the arsenic accumulation in different parts of rice. In order to evaluate the protective effects of Corchorus olitorius leaves, twenty Wistar albino rats were divided into four different groups. The control group (Group-I) was supplied with normal laboratory pellets while groups II, III, and IV received normal laboratory pellets supplemented with arsenic contaminated rice, C. olitorius leaf powder (4 %), arsenic contaminated rice plus C. olitorius leaf powder (4 %) respectively. Different haematological parameters and serum indices were analyzed to evaluate the protective effects of Corchorus olitorius leaves against arsenic intoxication. To gather more supportive evidences of Corchorus olitorius potentiality against arsenic intoxication, histopathological analysis of liver, kidney, spleen and heart tissues was also performed.
  
  
  
  From the pot experiment, we have found a significant (p ≤ 0.05) increase of arsenic accumulation in different parts of rice with the increase of arsenic concentrations in irrigation water and the trend of accumulation was found as root > straw > husk > grain. Another part of the experiment revealed that supplementation of C. olitorius leaves with arsenic contaminated rice significantly (p < 0.05) restored the altered haematological parameters and other serum indices towards the normal values. Arsenic deposition pattern on different organs and histological studies on the ultrastructural changes of liver, kidneys, spleen and heart also supported the protective roles of Corchorus olitorius leaves against arsenic contaminated rice induced toxicities.
  
  
  
  Arsenic accumulation in different parts of rice increased dose-dependently. Hence, for irrigation purpose arsenic contaminated water cannot be used. Furthermore, arsenic contaminated rice induced several toxicities in animal model, most of which could be minimized with the food supplementation of Corchorus olitorius leaves. Therefore, Corchorus olitorius can be used as a potential food supplement to the affected people of arsenic prone zone to ensure the food security.
authors.affiliation: Department of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, University of Chittagong, Chittagong, 4331, Bangladesh.
authors.forename: Saeed Mohammed Imran
authors.initials: SM
authors.lastname: Hosen
authors.affiliation: Department of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, University of Chittagong, Chittagong, 4331, Bangladesh.
authors.forename: Dipesh
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Das
authors.affiliation: Department of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, University of Chittagong, Chittagong, 4331, Bangladesh.
authors.forename: Rupkanowar
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Kobi
authors.affiliation: Department of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, University of Chittagong, Chittagong, 4331, Bangladesh.
authors.forename: Dil Umme Salma
authors.initials: DU
authors.lastname: Chowdhury
authors.affiliation: Department of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, University of Chittagong, Chittagong, 4331, Bangladesh.
authors.forename: Md Jibran
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Alam
authors.affiliation: Department of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, University of Chittagong, Chittagong, 4331, Bangladesh.
authors.forename: Bashudev
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Rudra
authors.affiliation: Phytochemistry Research Division, Bangladesh Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (BCSIR), Chittagong, Bangladesh.
authors.forename: Muhammad Abu
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Bakar
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathology, Chittagong Medical College (CMC), Chittagong, Bangladesh.
authors.forename: Saiful
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Islam
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathology, Chittagong Medical College (CMC), Chittagong, Bangladesh.
authors.forename: Zillur
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Rahman
authors.affiliation: Department of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, University of Chittagong, Chittagong, 4331, Bangladesh. alforkangeb@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Mohammad
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Al-Forkan
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001151:Arsenic / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000633:toxicity*; D032381:Corchorus; D004353:Drug Evaluation, Preclinical / Q000379:methods; D005260:Female; D012275:Oryza / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism*; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000494:pharmacology*; D018515:Plant Leaves; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D014018:Tissue Distribution / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology
chemical_list: D010936:Plant Extracts; D001151:Arsenic
keywords: Accumulation; Arsenic; Corchorus olitorius; Protective; Rice