title: Practices Around Communication About Organ Donation in Hungary.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  One obstacle to organ donation is the high proportion of relatives who refuse consent in presumed-consent countries. The aim of this study was to survey the features of family approaches and to identify those that may have significant impact on family refusals.
  
  
  METHODS
  A 46-item validated questionnaire was designed and used in 2011 and 2012 to investigate factors around all family communications about brain death and organ donation. The data of 188 cases were collected by telephone calls. We asked for the demographic data of donors; place, timing, duration, type, and result of approach; number, age, gender, and qualification of the staff; affinity, gender, age, education, and religion of the involved relatives; and finally the applied method to treat family refusal if it existed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Usually 1 physician talked with 2 relatives. Timing had significant impact on objection rate (χ2= 0.044). Single-discussion meetings (56.38%) were an average 1 hour 13 minutes before the brain death declaration, and they were initiated an average 19 hours 49 minutes before brain death when more than one meeting took place (43.62%). Conversations lasted for 11-22 minutes. Mann-Whitney U test revealed association between duration of donor family communication and occurrence of refusal (P = .021). It was found that the relatives' education level, the number of staff, and the number of family members strongly influenced the occurrence of refusals.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The careful preparation, organized direction, and support by intensive care unit staff can decrease the number of family refusals.
authors.affiliation: Organ Coordination Office, Hungarian National Blood Transfusion Service, Budapest, Hungary. Electronic address: mihaly.sandor@ovsz.hu.
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Mihály
authors.affiliation: Department of Transplantation and Surgery, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary.
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Smudla
authors.affiliation: Institute of Behavioral Sciences, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary.
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Kovács
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D003142:Communication; D005190:Family; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D006814:Hungary; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010820:Physicians; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D014019:Tissue Donors / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D009927:Tissue and Organ Procurement; D055815:Young Adult