title: The Rhizome Mixture ofAnemarrhena asphodeloidesandCoptis chinensisAttenuates Mesalazine-Resistant Colitis in Mice.
abstract: We investigated the effect of DWac on the gut microbiota composition in mice with 2,3,6-trinitrobenzenesulfonic acid- (TNBS-) induced colitis. Treatment with DWac restored TNBS-disturbed gut microbiota composition and attenuated TNBS-induced colitis. Moreover, we examined the effect of DWac in mice with mesalazine-resistant colitis (MRC). Intrarectal injection of TNBS in MRC mice caused severe colitis, as well as colon shortening, edema, and increased myeloperoxidase activity. Treatment with mesalazine (30 mg/kg) did not attenuate TNBS-induced colitis in MRC mice, whereas treatment with DWac (30 mg/kg) significantly attenuated TNBS-induced colitis. Moreover, treatment with the mixture of mesalazine (15 mg/kg) and DWac (15 mg/kg) additively attenuated colitis in MRC mice. Treatment with DWac and its mixture with mesalazine inhibited TNBS-induced activation of NF-κB and expression of M1 macrophage markers but increased TNBS-suppressed expression of M2 macrophage markers. Furthermore, these inhibited TNBS-induced T-bet, RORγt, TNF-α, and IL-17 expression but increased TNBS-suppressed Foxp3 and IL-10 expression. However, Th2 cell differentiation and GATA3 and IL-5 expression were not affected. These findings suggest that DWac can ameliorate MRC by increasing the polarization of M2 macrophage and correcting the disturbance of gut microbiota and Th1/Th17/Treg, as well as additively attenuating MRC along with mesalazine.
authors.affiliation: Department of Life and Nanopharmaceutical Sciences and Department of Pharmacy, 26 Kyungheedae-ro, Dongdaemun-gu, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Su-Min
authors.initials: SM
authors.lastname: Lim
authors.affiliation: DongWha Pharm Research Institute, 35-71 Topsil-ro, Giheung-gu, Yongin-Shi, Gyeonggi 446-902, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Hyun Sik
authors.initials: HS
authors.lastname: Choi
authors.affiliation: Department of Life and Nanopharmaceutical Sciences and Department of Pharmacy, 26 Kyungheedae-ro, Dongdaemun-gu, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Jin-Ju
authors.initials: JJ
authors.lastname: Jeong
authors.affiliation: DongWha Pharm Research Institute, 35-71 Topsil-ro, Giheung-gu, Yongin-Shi, Gyeonggi 446-902, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Seung-Won
authors.initials: SW
authors.lastname: Han
authors.affiliation: Department of Life and Nanopharmaceutical Sciences and Department of Pharmacy, 26 Kyungheedae-ro, Dongdaemun-gu, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Dong-Hyun
authors.identifier: 0000-0003-4783-7900
authors.initials: DH
authors.lastname: Kim