title: Some Alternatives? Event-Related Potential Investigation of Literal and Pragmatic Interpretations ofSomePresented in Isolation.
abstract: In sentence verification tasks involving under-informative statements such asSome elephants are mammals, some adults appear more tolerant to pragmatic violations than others. The underlying causes of such inter-individual variability remain however essentially unknown. Here, we investigated inter-individual variation in adults deriving the scalar inference "not all" triggered by the quantifiersome. We first assessed the individual intolerance to pragmatic violations in adult participants presented with under-informativesome-statements (e.g.,Some infants are young). We then recorded event-related brain potentials in the same participants using an oddball paradigm where an ambiguous deviant wordsomepresented in isolation had to be taken either as a match (in its literal interpretation "at least some") or as a mismatch (in its pragmatic interpretation "some but not all") and where an unambiguous deviant target wordallwas featured as control. Mean amplitude modulation of the classic P3b provided a measure of the ease with which participants consideredsomeandallas deviants within each experimental block. We found that intolerance to pragmatic violations was associated with a reduction in the magnitude of the P3b effect elicited by the targetsomewhen it was to be considered a literal match. Furthermore, we failed to replicate a straightforward literal interpretation facilitation effect in our experiment which offers a control for task demands. We propose that the derivation of scalar inferences also relies on general, but flexible, mismatch resolution processes.
authors.affiliation: School of Psychology, Bangor University Bangor, UK.
authors.forename: Cécile
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Barbet
authors.affiliation: School of Psychology, Bangor University Bangor, UK.
authors.forename: Guillaume
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Thierry
keywords: P3b; event-related potentials; inter-individual variation; pragmatic tolerance; scalar inferences; systemizing