title: Alterations in the plasma metabolite profile associated with improved hepatic function and glycemia in mice fed lingonberry supplemented high-fat diets.
abstract: Lingonberries have been shown to reduce the detrimental effects of high-fat diet (HFD) on weight gain, plasma glucose, and inflammation. However, the extent of effects was recently shown to vary between different batches of berries. Here, we examine the metabolic response to two independent batches of lingonberries.
  
  
  
  Alterations in the phenotype and circulating metabolome elicited by three matched HFDs, two of which containing lingonberries (L1D and L2D) from different sources, were investigated. Glycemia was improved only in mice fed L1D, whereas liver function was improved and inflammation reduced in mice fed both L1D and L2D, compared to mice fed HFD. The unique improvement in glycemia elicited by L1D was associated with a 21% increase in circulating levels of fatty acids. Increased levels of phosphatidylcholines (62%) and lysophosphatidylcholines (28%) and decreased levels of serine (-13%) and sphingomyelins (-26%) were observed in mice fed L1D and L2D, as compared to HFD.
  
  
  
  The unique improvement in glycemia in mice fed L1D was associated with a normal metabolic control with an altered set point. Moreover, the batch-independent reduction in liver steatosis and inflammation, was associated with an altered sphingomyelin metabolism.
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry, Centre for Analysis and Synthesis, Lund University, Lund, Sweden.
authors.forename: Said
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Al Hamimi
authors.affiliation: Department of Experimental Medical Science, Lund University, Lund, Sweden.
authors.forename: Lovisa
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Heyman-Lindén
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry, Centre for Analysis and Synthesis, Lund University, Lund, Sweden.
authors.forename: Merichel
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Plaza
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry, Centre for Analysis and Synthesis, Lund University, Lund, Sweden.
authors.forename: Charlotta
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Turner
authors.affiliation: Department of Experimental Medical Science, Lund University, Lund, Sweden.
authors.forename: Karin
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Berger
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry, Centre for Analysis and Synthesis, Lund University, Lund, Sweden.|Department of Clinical Sciences Malmö, Unit of Molecular Metabolism, Lund University Diabetes Centre, Malmö, Sweden.
authors.forename: Peter
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Spégel
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001786:Blood Glucose / Q000378:metabolism*; D059305:Diet, High-Fat / Q000009:adverse effects*; D019587:Dietary Supplements; D005227:Fatty Acids / Q000097:blood; D008099:Liver / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism; D008297:Male; D008810:Mice, Inbred C57BL; D065626:Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease / Q000178:diet therapy / Q000209:etiology; D010636:Phenols / Q000032:analysis; D029801:Vaccinium vitis-idaea / Q000737:chemistry*
chemical_list: D001786:Blood Glucose; D005227:Fatty Acids; D010636:Phenols
keywords: Berries; C57BL/6J; Mass spectrometry; Obesity; Orthogonal projections to latent structures