title: Risk of transmission of viral haemorrhagic fevers and the insecticide susceptibilitystatus ofaedes aegypti(linnaeus) in some sites in Accra, Ghana.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Dengue is one of the emerging diseases that can mostly only be controlled by vector control since there is no vaccine for the disease. Although, Dengue has not been reported in Ghana, movement of people from neighbouring countries where the disease has been reported can facilitate transmission of the disease.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  This study was carried on the University of Ghana campus to determine the risk of transmission of viral haemorrhagic fevers and the insecticide susceptibility status ofAe. aegyptiin some sites in Accra, Ghana.
  
  
  METHODS
  Larval surveys were carried to inspect containers within households and estimate larval indices and adultAedesmosquitoes were collected using human landing collection technique. WHO tube assays was used to assess the insecticide susceptibility status ofAedesmosquitoes.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Ae. aegyptiwere the most prevalent species, 75.5% and followed byAe. vittatus, 23.9 %.Ae. albopictusandAe. grantiwere in smaller numbers. Household index (HI), Breteau index (BI), and container index were calculated as 8.2%, 11.2% and 10.3% respectively with man-vector contact rate of 0.67 bites/man-hour estimated for the area. The mortalities recorded forAe. aegyptifrom WHO tube assays was 88%, 94%, 80% and 99% for DDT (4%), deltamethrin (0.05%), lambdacyhalothrin (0.05%) and permethrin (0.75%) respectively.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The survey results indicated that the density ofAedesmosquitoes was considered to be sufficient to promote an outbreak of viral haemorrhagic fevers on Legon Campus.Aedesmosquitoes were found to be resistant to DDT, deltamethrin and lamdacyhalothrin, but susceptible to permethrin.
  
  
  BACKGROUND
  This study was supported in part by Japan Initiative for Global Research Network on Infectious Diseases (J-Grid).
authors.affiliation: Section of Environmental Parasitology, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Japan; Noguchi Memorial Institute for Medical Research, Dept. of Parasitology, Legon, Accra, Ghana.
authors.forename: Takashi
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Suzuki
authors.affiliation: Noguchi Memorial Institute for Medical Research, Dept. of Parasitology, Legon, Accra, Ghana.
authors.forename: Joseph H
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Osei
authors.affiliation: Section of Environmental Parasitology, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Japan.
authors.forename: Akihiro
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Sasaki
authors.affiliation: Noguchi Memorial Institute for Medical Research, Dept. of Parasitology, Legon, Accra, Ghana.
authors.forename: Michelle
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Adimazoya
authors.affiliation: Noguchi Memorial Institute for Medical Research, Dept. of Parasitology, Legon, Accra, Ghana.
authors.forename: Maxwell
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Appawu
authors.affiliation: Noguchi Memorial Institute for Medical Research, Dept. of Parasitology, Legon, Accra, Ghana.
authors.forename: Daniel
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Boakye
authors.affiliation: Section of Environmental Parasitology, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Japan.
authors.forename: Nobuo
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Ohta
authors.affiliation: Noguchi Memorial Institute for Medical Research, Dept. of Parasitology, Legon, Accra, Ghana.
authors.forename: Samuel
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Dadzie
mesh_terms: D000330:Aedes; D000818:Animals; D003634:DDT; D004196:Disease Outbreaks; D004351:Drug Resistance; D005260:Female; D005869:Ghana; D006482:Hemorrhagic Fevers, Viral / Q000635:transmission*; D006801:Humans; D007306:Insecticides; D007814:Larva / Q000187:drug effects; D008297:Male; D000072138:Mosquito Vectors; D009570:Nitriles; D026023:Permethrin; D011722:Pyrethrins; D018570:Risk Assessment
chemical_list: D007306:Insecticides; D009570:Nitriles; D011722:Pyrethrins; C017180:decamethrin; D026023:Permethrin; D003634:DDT; C037304:cyhalothrin
keywords: Aedes aegypti; Ghana; Mosquitoes; VHF transmission; insecticide; risk