title: Caffeine Use among Active Duty Navy and Marine Corps Personnel.
abstract: Data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) indicate 89% of Americans regularly consume caffeine, but these data do not include military personnel. This cross-sectional study examined caffeine use in Navy and Marine Corps personnel, including prevalence, amount of daily consumption, and factors associated with use. A random sample of Navy and Marine Corps personnel was contacted and asked to complete a detailed questionnaire describing their use of caffeine-containing substances, in addition to their demographic, military, and lifestyle characteristics. A total of 1708 service members (SMs) completed the questionnaire. Overall, 87% reported using caffeinated beverages ≥1 time/week, with caffeine users consuming a mean ± standard error of 226 ± 5 mg/day (242 ± 7 mg/day for men, 183 ± 8 mg/day for women). The most commonly consumed caffeinated beverages (% users) were coffee (65%), colas (54%), teas (40%), and energy drinks (28%). Multivariable logistic regression modeling indicated that characteristics independently associated with caffeine use (≥1 time/week) included older age, white race/ethnicity, higher alcohol consumption, and participating in less resistance training. Prevalence of caffeine use in these SMs was similar to that reported in civilian investigations, but daily consumption (mg/day) was higher.
authors.affiliation: Military Nutrition Division, US Army Research Institute of Environmental Medicine, Natick, MA 01760, USA. joseph.j.knapik.ctr@mail.mil.|US Army Public Health Center, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21010, USA. joseph.j.knapik.ctr@mail.mil.|Oak Ridge Institute for Science and Education, Belcamp, MD 21017, USA. joseph.j.knapik.ctr@mail.mil.
authors.forename: Joseph J
authors.initials: JJ
authors.lastname: Knapik
authors.affiliation: Naval Health Research Center, San Diego, CA 92152, USA. daniel.w.trone.civ@mail.mil.
authors.forename: Daniel W
authors.initials: DW
authors.lastname: Trone
authors.affiliation: Military Nutrition Division, US Army Research Institute of Environmental Medicine, Natick, MA 01760, USA. susan.m.mcgraw6.civ@mail.mil.
authors.forename: Susan
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: McGraw
authors.affiliation: US Army Public Health Center, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21010, USA. ryan.a.steelman.ctr@mail.mil.
authors.forename: Ryan A
authors.initials: RA
authors.lastname: Steelman
authors.affiliation: Military Nutrition Division, US Army Research Institute of Environmental Medicine, Natick, MA 01760, USA. krista.g.austin.ctr@mail.mil.|Oak Ridge Institute for Science and Education, Belcamp, MD 21017, USA. krista.g.austin.ctr@mail.mil.
authors.forename: Krista G
authors.initials: KG
authors.lastname: Austin
authors.affiliation: Military Nutrition Division, US Army Research Institute of Environmental Medicine, Natick, MA 01760, USA. harris.r.lieberman.civ@mail.mil.
authors.forename: Harris R
authors.initials: HR
authors.lastname: Lieberman
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000375:Aging; D001628:Beverages; D002110:Caffeine / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D003625:Data Collection; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008019:Life Style; D008297:Male; D008889:Military Personnel; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D014481:United States; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D002110:Caffeine
keywords: alcohol; coffee; cola; demographics; energy drink; exercise; lifestyle characteristics; sleep; tea