title: Influence of vitamin D and transforming growth factor β3 serum concentrations, obesity, and family history on the risk for uterine fibroids.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate the influence of 25-hydroxyvitamin D and transforming growth factor β3 (TGF-β3) serum concentrations, weight, and family history on the risk of developing uterine fibroids.
  
  
  METHODS
  Retrospective cohort study.
  
  
  METHODS
  University hospital.
  
  
  METHODS
  A total of 188 women, including patients admitted for uterine fibroid surgery (n = 105) as the study group and healthy women of similar age (n = 83) as controls.
  
  
  METHODS
  Medical history and completion of specially designed questionnaire, transvaginal or transabdominal genital ultrasound scan, blood sampling, and measurement of vitamin D and TGF-β3 serum concentrations.
  
  
  METHODS
  Evaluation of the impact of family history, vitamin D, and TGF-β3 serum concentrations on the risk of developing uterine fibroids.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Mean 25-hydroxyvitamin D serum concentrations were 21.9 ± 8.9 ng/mL and 26.7 ± 11.9 ng/mL in patients with uterine fibroids and controls, respectively. The difference was statistically significant. The TGF-β3 serum concentrations in the fibroid-positive group ranged from 1.20 to 436.15 pg/mL (half the patients had concentrations >16.25 pg/mL). Concentrations in the control group ranged from 0.96 to 49.08 pg/mL (half the women had concentrations of >11.80 pg/mL). The differences were statistically significant. Higher body mass index (BMI) and positive family history were also found to be among the risk factors for uterine fibroids.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our study confirmed higher BMI, positive family history, and lower vitamin D and higher TGF-β3 serum concentrations as risk factors for uterine fibroids.
authors.affiliation: First Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Centre of Postgraduate Medical Education, Warsaw, Poland. Electronic address: michal.ciebiera@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Michał
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Ciebiera
authors.affiliation: Department of Biochemistry and Clinical Chemistry, Department of Pharmacogenomics, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland.
authors.forename: Marta
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Włodarczyk
authors.affiliation: First Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Centre of Postgraduate Medical Education, Warsaw, Poland.
authors.forename: Aneta
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Słabuszewska-Jóźwiak
authors.affiliation: Department of Biochemistry and Clinical Chemistry, Department of Pharmacogenomics, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland.
authors.forename: Grażyna
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Nowicka
authors.affiliation: First Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Centre of Postgraduate Medical Education, Warsaw, Poland.
authors.forename: Grzegorz
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Jakiel
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000097:blood; D015992:Body Mass Index; D016009:Chi-Square Distribution; D005260:Female; D020022:Genetic Predisposition to Disease; D040941:Heredity; D006785:Hospitals, University; D006801:Humans; D007889:Leiomyoma / Q000097:blood / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000209:etiology* / Q000235:genetics; D016015:Logistic Models; D008875:Middle Aged; D009765:Obesity / Q000150:complications* / Q000175:diagnosis; D016017:Odds Ratio; D010375:Pedigree; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D018570:Risk Assessment; D012307:Risk Factors; D053782:Transforming Growth Factor beta3 / Q000097:blood*; D014463:Ultrasonography; D014594:Uterine Neoplasms / Q000097:blood / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000209:etiology* / Q000235:genetics; D014807:Vitamin D / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000097:blood; D014808:Vitamin D Deficiency / Q000097:blood / Q000150:complications* / Q000175:diagnosis
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; C509044:TGFB3 protein, human; D053782:Transforming Growth Factor beta3; D014807:Vitamin D; C104450:25-hydroxyvitamin D
keywords: 25-Hydroxyvitamin D; risk factor; transforming growth factor β3; uterine fibroid; vitamin D