title: Light effects on the multicellular magnetotactic prokaryote 'Candidatus Magnetoglobus multicellularis' are cancelled by radiofrequency fields: the involvement of radical pair mechanisms.
abstract: 'Candidatus Magnetoglobus multicellularis' is the most studied multicellular magnetotactic prokaryote. It presents a light-dependent photokinesis: green light decreases the translation velocity whereas red light increases it, in comparison to blue and white light. The present article shows that radio-frequency electromagnetic fields cancel the light effect on photokinesis. The frequency to cancel the light effect corresponds to the Zeeman resonance frequency (DC magnetic field of 4 Oe and radio-frequency of 11.5 MHz), indicating the involvement of a radical pair mechanism. An analysis of the orientation angle relative to the magnetic field direction shows that radio-frequency electromagnetic fields disturb the swimming orientation when the microorganisms are illuminated with red light. The analysis also shows that at low magnetic fields (1.6 Oe) the swimming orientation angles are well scattered around the magnetic field direction, showing that magnetotaxis is not efficiently in the swimming orientation to the geomagnetic field. The results do not support cryptochrome as being the responsible chromophore for the radical pair mechanism and perhaps two different chromophores are necessary to explain the radio-frequency effects.
authors.affiliation: Centro Brasileiro de Pesquisas Físicas, CBPF, Rua Xavier Siguad 150, Urca, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, 22290-180, Brazil.
authors.forename: Roger Duarte
authors.initials: RD
authors.lastname: de Melo
authors.affiliation: Centro Brasileiro de Pesquisas Físicas, CBPF, Rua Xavier Siguad 150, Urca, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, 22290-180, Brazil. dacosta@cbpf.br.
authors.forename: Daniel
authors.identifier: http://orcid.org/0000-0002-5784-754X
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Acosta-Avalos
mesh_terms: D008027:Light; D060526:Magnetic Fields; D011387:Prokaryotic Cells / Q000378:metabolism / Q000528:radiation effects*
keywords: Candidatus Magnetoglobus multicellularis; Light-dependent; Magnetotaxis; Multicellular magnetotactic prokaryote; Photokinesis; Radical pair mechanism