title: Mortality of Western Burrowing Owls ( Athene cunicularia hypugaea) Associated with Brodifacoum Exposure.
abstract: Western Burrowing Owls ( Athene cunicularia hypugaea) frequently occupy periurban areas, where they may be exposed to pest control agents. This short communication describes necropsy findings and detected brodifacoum rodenticide levels for four Western Burrowing Owls in Lake Havasu City, Arizona, US, 2013-15. Levels detected ranged from 0.077 mg/kg to 0.497 mg/kg. Brodifacoum, one of several second-generation anticoagulant rodenticides recently removed from the general consumer market, is still available for use by licensed pesticide applicators. Despite recent regulatory actions, second-generation anticoagulant pesticides continue to threaten predatory species in periurban areas.
authors.affiliation: 1 Arizona Game and Fish Department, 5000 W Carefree Highway, Phoenix, Arizona 85086, USA.
authors.forename: Anne
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Justice-Allen
authors.affiliation: 2 Arizona State University Colleges at Lake Havasu City, 100 University Way, Lake Havasu City, Arizona 86403, USA.
authors.forename: Kerrie Anne
authors.initials: KA
authors.lastname: Loyd
mesh_terms: D015110:4-Hydroxycoumarins / Q000633:toxicity*; D000818:Animals; D000925:Anticoagulants; D001130:Arizona; D004781:Environmental Exposure; D012378:Rodenticides / Q000633:toxicity*; D020305:Strigiformes
chemical_list: D015110:4-Hydroxycoumarins; D000925:Anticoagulants; D012378:Rodenticides; C013418:bromfenacoum
keywords: Brodifacoum; Burrowing Owls; second-generation anticoagulant rodenticide; secondary poisoning