title: Effects of coordination and manipulation therapy for patients with Parkinson disease.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To determine the effects of a new exercise training regimen, i.e. coordination and manipulation therapy (CMT), on motor, balance, and cardiac functions in patients with Parkinson disease (PD).
  
  
  METHODS
  We divided 36 PD patients into the CMT (n = 22) and control (n = 14) groups. The patients in the CMT group performed dry-land swimming (imitation of the breaststroke) and paraspinal muscle stretching for 30 min/workday for 1 year. The control subjects did not exercise regularly. The same medication regimen was maintained in both groups during the study. Clinical characteristics, Unified Parkinson's Disease Rating Scale (UPDRS) scores, Berg balance scale (BBS) scores, mechanical balance measurements, timed up and go (TUG) test, and left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) were compared at 0 (baseline), 6, and 12 months. Biochemical test results were compared at 0 and 12 months. The primary outcome was motor ability. The secondary outcome was cardiac function.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In the CMT group, UPDRS scores significantly improved, TUG test time and step number significantly decreased, BBS scores significantly increased, and most mechanical balance measurements significantly improved after 1 year of regular exercise therapy (all p < 0.05). In the control group, UPDRS scores significantly deteriorated, TUG test time and step number significantly increased, BBS scores significantly decreased, and most mechanical balance measurements significantly worsened after 1 year (all P < 0.05). LVEF improved in the CMT group only (P = 0.01).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This preliminary study suggests that CMT effectively improved mobility disorder, balance, and cardiac function in PD patients over a 1-year period.
authors.affiliation: a Southern Medical University , Guangzhou , China.|b Department of Rehabilitation Medicine , Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangdong General Hospital , Guangzhou , China.|c Department of Neurology , Jiangbin Hospital , Nanning , China.
authors.forename: Mingming
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Zhao
authors.affiliation: c Department of Neurology , Jiangbin Hospital , Nanning , China.
authors.forename: Caiyou
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Hu
authors.affiliation: d Department of Emergency Medicine , Foshan Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine , Foshan , China.
authors.forename: Zhixin
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Wu
authors.affiliation: e Department of Physical therapy , Jiangbin Hospital , Nanning , China.
authors.forename: Yu
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.affiliation: e Department of Physical therapy , Jiangbin Hospital , Nanning , China.
authors.forename: Zhengming
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: b Department of Rehabilitation Medicine , Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangdong General Hospital , Guangzhou , China.
authors.forename: Mingsheng
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Zhang
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D026201:Musculoskeletal Manipulations / Q000379:methods*; D010300:Parkinson Disease / Q000378:metabolism / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000534:rehabilitation*; D004856:Postural Balance / Q000502:physiology*; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D013997:Time Factors; D016896:Treatment Outcome
keywords: Parkinson disease (PD); coordination and manipulation therapy (CMT); effect; patients