title: Redefining the Defensive Line: Critical Components of the Innate Immune System.
abstract: The human body harbors over a trillion microorganisms; the innate immune system is charged with a tremendous task: to recognize "the needle in the haystack" or, in other words, to sense the pathogen in this milieu. In this viewpoint, three recent discoveries in the field of innate immunity are discussed, highlighting how in each case multiple disciplines worked together to expand the elements of the innate immune system.
authors.affiliation: Chemistry & Biochemistry, University of Delaware , Newark, Delaware 19716, United States.
authors.forename: Ching-Wen
authors.initials: CW
authors.lastname: Hou
authors.affiliation: Chemistry & Biochemistry, University of Delaware , Newark, Delaware 19716, United States.
authors.forename: Mackenzie L
authors.initials: ML
authors.lastname: Lauro
authors.affiliation: Chemistry & Biochemistry, University of Delaware , Newark, Delaware 19716, United States.
authors.forename: Catherine
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Leimkuhler Grimes
mesh_terms: D006801:Humans; D007107:Immune System / Q000276:immunology*; D007113:Immunity, Innate; D015398:Signal Transduction; D051193:Toll-Like Receptors / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology
chemical_list: D051193:Toll-Like Receptors