title: Family Factors and Adolescent Problem Drinking in a High-Risk Urban Peruvian Neighborhood.
abstract: Family relationships are widely recognized as playing a role in adolescent alcohol use. Although family relationships and parenting vary by culture, limited research has explored these relationships in Latin America.
  
  
  
  We sought to determine which family factors are associated with adolescent alcohol use in Callao, Peru.
  
  
  
  Data come from a cross-sectional survey conducted in a public secondary school in Callao, Peru in 2007. A total of 180 11th grade students are included in the analysis. Our main outcome measure was problem drinking, defined as self-report of having ever consumed beer, wine, spirits, or hard alcohol to a point of drunkenness. Logistic regression was used to determine if odds of problem drinking varied by level of parental monitoring (knowledge of activities and whereabouts), positive family relationships, or family conflict, while controlling for demographic and peer variables.
  
  
  
  Low levels of parental monitoring and low levels of positive family relationships were each associated with significantly higher odds of lifetime problem drinking in analyses adjusted for deviant peer affiliation along with sociodemographic variables (odds ratio (OR) = 4.2; 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.3-13.5; OR = 4.4; 95% CI: 1.5-13.0, respectively). Although family conflict was associated with elevated odds of lifetime problem drinking, this did not reach significance (adjusted OR = 2.01; 95% CI: 0.8-5.1). Conclusions/Importance: Interventions designed to prevent adolescent alcohol use in urban Peru may benefit from promoting positive family interactions and parental monitoring skills.
authors.affiliation: a Department of Social and Transcultural Psychiatry , McGill University , Montreal , Canada.
authors.forename: Katherine Wingert
authors.initials: KW
authors.lastname: Pizarro
authors.affiliation: b Department of Public Health , Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia , Lima , Perú.
authors.forename: Inés V
authors.initials: IV
authors.lastname: Bustamante
authors.affiliation: c Department of International Health , Johns Hopkins University , Baltimore , Maryland , USA.
authors.forename: Pamela J
authors.initials: PJ
authors.lastname: Surkan
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000294:Adolescent Behavior / Q000523:psychology; D000435:Alcoholic Intoxication / Q000523:psychology*; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D005190:Family / Q000523:psychology*; D054541:Family Conflict / Q000523:psychology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D016487:Parenting; D010379:Peer Group; D010568:Peru; D012574:Schools; D057566:Self Report; D013334:Students; D000066608:Underage Drinking / Q000523:psychology*; D014505:Urban Population; D035862:Vulnerable Populations
keywords: Adolescent; Latin America; Peru; alcohol; family conflict; family relationships; parental monitoring; substance use