title: Evaluation of effects of melatonin and caffeic acid phenethyl ester on acute potassium dichromate toxicity and genotoxicity in rats.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The aim of this study is to investigate the possible protective effects of melatonin and caffeic acid phenethyl ester (CAPE) on potassium dichromate (K2Cr2O7)-induced nephrotoxicity and genotoxicity.
  
  
  METHODS
  A total of 40 Wistar albino rats were divided into five groups: control, K2Cr2O7(K2Cr2O715 mg/kg, one dose, i.p.), K2Cr2O7+ melatonin, K2Cr2O7+ CAPE, and K2Cr2O7+ melatonin + CAPE. Urine and blood samples were collected from rats before scarification. One kidney was collected for histopathological studies, and the other was stored at -80°C for further determination of catalase (CAT), superoxide dismutase (SOD), malondialdehyde (MDA), glutathione (GSH), glutathione S-transferase (GST), and glutathione reductase (GR) levels with spectrophotometric method. Comet assay was used to evaluate the genotoxicity.
  
  
  RESULTS
  We observed a significant amelioration in genotoxicity by melatonin and simultaneous melatonin + CAPE treatment compared to K2Cr2O7group (p1,p2< 0.05). SOD, CAT, GSH, GST, and MDA levels did not change when compared with controls. When K2Cr2O7applied group was treated with melatonin and CAPE, neither melatonin nor CAPE made any changes in kidney GSH, GST, SOD, and MDA levels (P> 0.05). We noted that treatment with CAPE and melatonin + CAPE together caused a significant decrease in renal tissue damage, an upregulation in the kidney CAT levels (P< 0.05) and a slight healing at GR levels when compared with the K2Cr2O7group.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our results revealed, CAPE and melatonin may have protective effects on K2Cr2O7induced nephrotoxicity and cellular damage in rats.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medical Biology, Cerrahpasa Medical Faculty, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey.
authors.forename: Mujgan
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Cengiz
authors.affiliation: Department of Medical Biology, Cerrahpasa Medical Faculty, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey.
authors.forename: Nurnisa Oya
authors.initials: NO
authors.lastname: Alansal
authors.affiliation: Department of Medical Biology, Cerrahpasa Medical Faculty, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey.
authors.forename: Matem
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Tuncdemir
authors.affiliation: Department of Histology and Embryology, Cerrahpasa Medical Faculty, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey.
authors.forename: Gamze
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Tanriverdi
authors.affiliation: Department of Medical Biology, Cerrahpasa Medical Faculty, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey.
authors.forename: Burcu
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Bayoglu
mesh_terms: D058186:Acute Kidney Injury / Q000188:drug therapy*; D000818:Animals; D002109:Caffeic Acids / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D020552:Comet Assay; D004249:DNA Damage / Q000187:drug effects*; D004359:Drug Therapy, Combination; D004797:Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay; D007668:Kidney / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000201:enzymology / Q000473:pathology; D007677:Kidney Function Tests; D008550:Melatonin / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000097:blood / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D018384:Oxidative Stress / Q000187:drug effects; D010626:Phenylethyl Alcohol / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D011192:Potassium Dichromate / Q000633:toxicity*; D017208:Rats, Wistar
chemical_list: D002109:Caffeic Acids; C055494:caffeic acid phenethyl ester; D008550:Melatonin; D010626:Phenylethyl Alcohol; D011192:Potassium Dichromate
keywords: Caffeic acid phenethyl ester; melatonin; nephrotoxicity; oxidative stress; potassium dichromate