title: Characterization of the Role of Hexamer AGUAAA and Poly(A) Tail in Coronavirus Polyadenylation.
abstract: Similar to eukaryotic mRNA, the positive-strand coronavirus genome of ~30 kilobases is 5'-capped and 3'-polyadenylated. It has been demonstrated that the length of the coronaviral poly(A) tail is not static but regulated during infection; however, little is known regarding the factors involved in coronaviral polyadenylation and its regulation. Here, we show that during infection, the level of coronavirus poly(A) tail lengthening depends on the initial length upon infection and that the minimum length to initiate lengthening may lie between 5 and 9 nucleotides. By mutagenesis analysis, it was found that (i) the hexamer AGUAAA and poly(A) tail are two important elements responsible for synthesis of the coronavirus poly(A) tail and may function in concert to accomplish polyadenylation and (ii) the function of the hexamer AGUAAA in coronaviral polyadenylation is position dependent. Based on these findings, we propose a process for how the coronaviral poly(A) tail is synthesized and undergoes variation. Our results provide the first genetic evidence to gain insight into coronaviral polyadenylation.
authors.affiliation: Graduate Institute of Veterinary Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, 40227, Taiwan ROC.
authors.forename: Yu-Hui
authors.initials: YH
authors.lastname: Peng
authors.affiliation: Graduate Institute of Veterinary Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, 40227, Taiwan ROC.
authors.forename: Ching-Houng
authors.initials: CH
authors.lastname: Lin
authors.affiliation: Department of Veterinary Medicine, National Pingtung University of Science and Technology, Neipu, Pingtung, 91201, Taiwan ROC.
authors.forename: Chao-Nan
authors.initials: CN
authors.lastname: Lin
authors.affiliation: Graduate Institute of Veterinary Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, 40227, Taiwan ROC.
authors.forename: Chen-Yu
authors.initials: CY
authors.lastname: Lo
authors.affiliation: Graduate Institute of Veterinary Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, 40227, Taiwan ROC.
authors.forename: Tsung-Lin
authors.initials: TL
authors.lastname: Tsai
authors.affiliation: Graduate Institute of Veterinary Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, 40227, Taiwan ROC.
authors.forename: Hung-Yi
authors.initials: HY
authors.lastname: Wu
mesh_terms: D002460:Cell Line; D017934:Coronavirus / Q000235:genetics / Q000472:pathogenicity*; D018352:Coronavirus Infections / Q000821:virology*; D014644:Genetic Variation; D006801:Humans; D009154:Mutation; D026723:Polyadenylation; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000235:genetics*; D012367:RNA, Viral / Q000235:genetics
chemical_list: D012333:RNA, Messenger; D012367:RNA, Viral