title: Investigation of surfactant protein-D and interleukin-6 levels in patients with blunt chest trauma with multiple rib fractures and pulmonary contusions: a cross-sectional study in Black Sea Region of Turkey.
abstract: Multiple rib fractures (RFs) and pulmonary contusions (PCs), with resulting systemic lung inflammation, are the most common injuries caused by blunt chest trauma (BCT) in motor vehicle accidents. This study examined levels of the inflammation marker interleukin (IL)-6 and those of the acute-phase reactant surfactant protein (SP)-D in patients with BCT.
  
  
  
  Prospective, cross-sectional, observational study.
  
  
  
  Single-centre, tertiary care hospital in the Black Sea Region of Turkey.
  
  
  
  The study included 60 patients with BCT who were hospitalised in our thoracic surgery department.
  
  
  
  The SP-D and IL-6 serum levels of patients with RFs (two or more RFs) (n=30) and patients with PCs (n=30) were measured after 6 hours, 24 hours and 7 days, and compared with those of age-matched and gender-matched healthy participants.
  
  
  
  The 6-hour serum SP-D levels of the RFs (p=0.017) and PCs (p<0.001) groups were significantly higher than those of the healthy controls. The 24-hour and 7-day SP-D levels of both groups were also higher than the control group. The serum IL-6 levels of both groups were significantly higher than those of the control group. We have found Injury Severity Score to be independently related to 6-hour IL-6 (β=1.414, p<0.001) and 24-hour IL-6 levels (β=1.067, p<0.001). The development of complications was independently related to 6-hour SP-D level (β=0.211, p=0.047).
  
  
  
  RFs and PCs after BCT lead to local and systemic inflammation due to lung injury. The levels of the systemic inflammation marker IL-6 and those of the acute-phase reactant SP-D were elevated in the present study. The SP-D level may be used as a marker in the follow-up of BCT-related complications.
authors.affiliation: Department of Thoracic Surgery, School of Medicine, Recep Tayyip Erdogan University, Rize, Turkey.
authors.forename: Aysel
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Kurt
authors.affiliation: Department of Thoracic Surgery, School of Medicine, Recep Tayyip Erdogan University, Rize, Turkey.
authors.forename: Hasan
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Turut
authors.affiliation: Department of Thoracic Surgery, Burdur State Hospital, School of Medicine, Burdur, Turkey.
authors.forename: Ahmet
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Acipayam
authors.affiliation: Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Recep Tayyip Erdogan University, Rize, Turkey.
authors.forename: Aynur
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Kirbas
authors.affiliation: Department of Internal Medicine, Kumru State Hospital, Ordu, Turkey.
authors.forename: Suleyman
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Yuce
authors.affiliation: Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Recep Tayyip Erdogan University, Rize, Turkey.
authors.forename: Medine
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Cumhur Cure
authors.affiliation: Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Recep Tayyip Erdogan University, Rize, Turkey.
authors.forename: Erkan
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Cure
mesh_terms: D015415:Biomarkers / Q000097:blood; D059038:Black Sea; D003288:Contusions; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D015601:Injury Severity Score; D015850:Interleukin-6 / Q000097:blood*; D055370:Lung Injury / Q000097:blood* / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000503:physiopathology; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011237:Predictive Value of Tests; D011379:Prognosis; D011446:Prospective Studies; D037663:Pulmonary Surfactant-Associated Protein D / Q000097:blood*; D012253:Rib Fractures / Q000097:blood* / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000503:physiopathology; D013898:Thoracic Injuries / Q000097:blood* / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000503:physiopathology; D014421:Turkey / Q000453:epidemiology; D014949:Wounds, Nonpenetrating / Q000097:blood* / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000503:physiopathology
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; C508600:IL6 protein, human; D015850:Interleukin-6; D037663:Pulmonary Surfactant-Associated Protein D
keywords: Surfactant protein D; blunt chest trauma; interleukin 6; multiple rib fracture; pulmonary contusion