title: Use of Occlusal Splint for Noninvasive Fixation of a Reference Frame in Orbital Navigation Surgery.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  When prepping for navigation surgery, a reference frame must be fixed to the patient's head with a Mayfield clamp, bone anchor, headset, or headband. Fixation of the clamp or bone anchor with a screw or head pins is invasive, whereas use of a headband or headset is noninvasive. However, during orbital surgery for blowout fractures or orbital tumors, surgeons or instruments can interfere between the reference frame and the optical tracking navigation system, even if using noninvasive fixation.
  
  
  METHODS
  We used an occlusal splint for noninvasive fixation of a reference frame in orbital navigation surgery to overcome the problems.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A surgeon could operate without interferences between the reference frame and the optical tracking navigation system during orbital navigation surgery.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  We recommend the use of an occlusal splint for noninvasive fixation of a reference frame in orbital navigation surgery.
authors.affiliation: Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, 3-9 Fukuura, Kanazawa-ku, Yokohama, 236-0004 Japan.
authors.forename: Toshinori
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Iwai
authors.affiliation: Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, 3-9 Fukuura, Kanazawa-ku, Yokohama, 236-0004 Japan.
authors.forename: Taro
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Mikami
authors.affiliation: Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Yokohama City University Medical Center, 4-57 Urafunecho, Minami-ku, Yokohama, 232-0024 Japan.
authors.forename: Kazunori
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Yasumura
authors.affiliation: Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, 3-9 Fukuura, Kanazawa-ku, Yokohama, 236-0004 Japan.
authors.forename: Iwai
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Tohnai
authors.affiliation: Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, 3-9 Fukuura, Kanazawa-ku, Yokohama, 236-0004 Japan.
authors.forename: Jiro
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Maegawa
keywords: Navigation surgery; Noninvasive fixation; Occlusal splint; Orbital surgery; Reference frame; Registration