title: Treatment of Amblyopia and Amblyopia Risk Factors Based on Current Evidence.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Amblyopia is a leading cause of low vision and warrants timely management during childhood. We performed a literature review of the management of amblyopia and potential risk factors for amblyopia.
  
  
  METHODS
  Literature review of the management of amblyopia and risk factors for amblyopia.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Common amblyopia risk factors include anisometropic or high refractive error, strabismus, cataract, and ptosis. Often a conservative approach with spectacles is enough to prevent amblyopia. However, surgery may be necessary to clear the visual axis or align the eyes.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Amblyopia risk factors should be managed early. Though amblyopia treatment is more likely to be successful at a younger age, those who are older but treatment-naïve may still respond to treatment. Promoting binocular or dichoptic experiences may be the future direction of amblyopia management.
authors.affiliation: a Boston Children's Hospital , Boston , MA , USA.|c Stanford School of Medicine , Palo Alto , CA , USA.
authors.forename: Euna B
authors.initials: EB
authors.lastname: Koo
authors.affiliation: a Boston Children's Hospital , Boston , MA , USA.|b Massachusetts Eye and Ear Infirmary , Boston , MA , USA.
authors.forename: Aubrey L
authors.initials: AL
authors.lastname: Gilbert
authors.affiliation: a Boston Children's Hospital , Boston , MA , USA.|b Massachusetts Eye and Ear Infirmary , Boston , MA , USA.|d Harvard Medical School , Boston , MA , USA.
authors.forename: Deborah K
authors.initials: DK
authors.lastname: VanderVeen
mesh_terms: D000550:Amblyopia / Q000209:etiology / Q000628:therapy*; D001285:Atropine / Q000627:therapeutic use; D001763:Blepharoptosis / Q000150:complications; D002386:Cataract / Q000150:complications; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D019317:Evidence-Based Medicine; D006801:Humans; D009184:Mydriatics / Q000627:therapeutic use; D013508:Ophthalmologic Surgical Procedures; D012030:Refractive Errors / Q000150:complications; D012307:Risk Factors; D012683:Sensory Deprivation; D013285:Strabismus / Q000150:complications
chemical_list: D009184:Mydriatics; D001285:Atropine
keywords: Amblyopia; PEDIG