title: Adverse Drug Reaction Reporting Pattern in Turkey: Analysis of the National Database in the Context of the First Pharmacovigilance Legislation.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  In Turkey, pharmacovigilance began in 1985. A fully structured adverse drug reaction (ADR)-reporting system was established with the publication of the first pharmacovigilance regulation in 2005. Subsequent regulation published in 2014 brought further improvements to the system.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  In this study, we aimed to analyse the ADR-reporting pattern in the context of the first pharmacovigilance legislation in Turkey.
  
  
  METHODS
  We analysed ADR reports submitted to the Turkish Pharmacovigilance Center (TUFAM) from 2005 to 2014 with respect to reporting rate (RR), patient characteristics, type of the ADRs, suspected drugs, source of the report and the profession of the reporter.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The annual RR increased gradually over the study period. RRs for females were greater than those for males. RRs were highly correlated with age. Most commonly reported ADRs were skin and subcutaneous tissue disorders. Most commonly suspected drugs were antineoplastic and immunomodulating agents. There was no remarkable change in reporting pattern of ADRs, patient characteristics or classes of suspected drugs over the years. The most common source of reports was spontaneous reporting. Contribution of the reports from studies increased gradually. Most of the reports were reported by physicians. RRs by pharmacists increased substantially over the years.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This study showed that the annual RR increased gradually over the 9-year study period. This increase was neither due to an increased reporting of a specific group of ADRs or drugs, nor to an increased reporting in a specific group of patients. There was a general increase in RR in parallel to pharmacovigilance activities.
authors.affiliation: Department of Risk Management, Turkish Pharmacovigilance Center (TUFAM), Turkish Medicines and Medical Devices Agency, 06520, Ankara, Turkey.
authors.forename: Gulnihal
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Ozcan
authors.affiliation: Department of Risk Management, Turkish Pharmacovigilance Center (TUFAM), Turkish Medicines and Medical Devices Agency, 06520, Ankara, Turkey.
authors.forename: Emel
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Aykac
authors.affiliation: Department of Risk Management, Turkish Pharmacovigilance Center (TUFAM), Turkish Medicines and Medical Devices Agency, 06520, Ankara, Turkey.
authors.forename: Yelda
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Kasap
authors.affiliation: Department of Risk Management, Turkish Pharmacovigilance Center (TUFAM), Turkish Medicines and Medical Devices Agency, 06520, Ankara, Turkey.
authors.forename: Nergiz T
authors.initials: NT
authors.lastname: Nemutlu
authors.affiliation: Department of Risk Management, Turkish Pharmacovigilance Center (TUFAM), Turkish Medicines and Medical Devices Agency, 06520, Ankara, Turkey.
authors.forename: Ebru
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Sen
authors.affiliation: Department of Risk Management, Turkish Pharmacovigilance Center (TUFAM), Turkish Medicines and Medical Devices Agency, 06520, Ankara, Turkey. demet.aydink@titck.gov.tr.
authors.forename: N Demet
authors.initials: ND
authors.lastname: Aydinkarahaliloglu