title: Debris Evaluation after Root Canal Shaping with Rotating and Reciprocating Single-File Systems.
abstract: This study evaluated the root canal dentine surface by scanning electron microscope (SEM) after shaping with two reciprocating single-file NiTi systems and two rotating single-file NiTi systems, in order to verify the presence/absence of the smear layer and the presence/absence of open tubules along the walls of each sample; Forty-eight single-rooted teeth were divided into four groups and shaped with OneShape (OS), F6 SkyTaper (F6), WaveOne (WO) and Reciproc and irrigated using 5.25% NaOCl and 17% EDTA. Root canal walls were analyzed by SEM at a standard magnification of 2500×. The presence/absence of the smear layer and the presence/absence of open tubules at the coronal, middle, and apical third of each canal were estimated using a five-step scale for scores. Numeric data were analyzed using Kruskal-Wallis and Mann-Whitney U statistical tests and significance was predetermined atP< 0.05; The Kruskal-Wallis ANOVA for debris score showed significant differences among the NiTi systems (P< 0.05). The Mann-Whitney test confirmed that reciprocating systems presented significantly higher score values than rotating files. The same results were assessed considering the smear layer scores. ANOVA confirmed that the apical third of the canal maintained a higher quantity of debris and smear layer after preparation of all the samples; Single-use NiTi systems used in continuous rotation appeared to be more effective than reciprocating instruments in leaving clean walls. The reciprocating systems produced more debris and smear layer than rotating instruments.
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical Surgical Diagnostic and Pediatric Sciences, Section of Dentistry, University of Pavia, Piazzale Golgi 3, Pavia 27100, Italy. alberto.dagna@unipv.it.
authors.forename: Alberto
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Dagna
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical Surgical Diagnostic and Pediatric Sciences, Section of Dentistry, University of Pavia, Piazzale Golgi 3, Pavia 27100, Italy. giuligast@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Giulia
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Gastaldo
authors.affiliation: Department of Brain and Behavioral Sciences, University of Pavia, Piazzale Golgi 3, Pavia 27100, Italy. rbreferee@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Riccardo
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Beltrami
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical Surgical Diagnostic and Pediatric Sciences, Section of Dentistry, University of Pavia, Piazzale Golgi 3, Pavia 27100, Italy. claudio.poggio@unipv.it.
authors.forename: Claudio
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Poggio
keywords: NiTi; SEM; debris; single-file systems; single-use instruments; smear layer