title: Multishot cartesian turbo spin-echo diffusion imaging using iterative POCSMUSE Reconstruction.
abstract: To report a diffusion imaging technique insensitive to off-resonance artifacts and motion-induced ghost artifacts using multishot Cartesian turbo spin-echo (TSE) acquisition and iterative POCS-based reconstruction of multiplexed sensitivity encoded magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) (POCSMUSE) for phase correction.
  
  
  
  Phase insensitive diffusion preparation was used to deal with the violation of the Carr-Purcell-Meiboom-Gill (CPMG) conditions of TSE diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI), followed by a multishot Cartesian TSE readout for data acquisition. An iterative diffusion phase correction method, iterative POCSMUSE, was developed and implemented to eliminate the ghost artifacts in multishot TSE DWI. The in vivo human brain diffusion images (from one healthy volunteer and 10 patients) using multishot Cartesian TSE were acquired at 3T and reconstructed using iterative POCSMUSE, and compared with single-shot and multishot echo-planar imaging (EPI) results. These images were evaluated by two radiologists using visual scores (considering both image quality and distortion levels) from 1 to 5.
  
  
  
  The proposed iterative POCSMUSE reconstruction was able to correct the ghost artifacts in multishot DWI. The ghost-to-signal ratio of TSE DWI using iterative POCSMUSE (0.0174 ± 0.0024) was significantly (P < 0.0005) smaller than using POCSMUSE (0.0253 ± 0.0040). The image scores of multishot TSE DWI were significantly higher than single-shot (P = 0.004 and 0.006 from two reviewers) and multishot (P = 0.008 and 0.004 from two reviewers) EPI-based methods.
  
  
  
  The proposed multishot Cartesian TSE DWI using iterative POCSMUSE reconstruction can provide high-quality diffusion images insensitive to motion-induced ghost artifacts and off-resonance related artifacts such as chemical shifts and susceptibility-induced image distortions.
  
  
  
  1 Technical Efficacy: Stage 1 J. MAGN. RESON. IMAGING 2017;46:167-174.
authors.affiliation: Center for Biomedical Imaging Research, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China.
authors.forename: Zhe
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, China.
authors.forename: Bing
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, China.
authors.forename: Ming
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, China.
authors.forename: Xue
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Liang
authors.affiliation: Center for Biomedical Imaging Research, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China.|Department of Radiology, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical College, Guangdong, China.
authors.forename: Xiaodong
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, China.
authors.forename: Renyuan
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, China.
authors.forename: Xin
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: Center for Biomedical Imaging Research, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China.
authors.forename: Hua
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Guo
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000465:Algorithms; D016477:Artifacts; D001921:Brain / Q000033:anatomy & histology / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D038524:Diffusion Magnetic Resonance Imaging / Q000379:methods*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007089:Image Enhancement / Q000379:methods*; D007090:Image Interpretation, Computer-Assisted / Q000379:methods*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D012815:Signal Processing, Computer-Assisted; D013113:Spin Labels
chemical_list: D013113:Spin Labels
keywords: diffusion phase correction; diffusion-weighted imaging; iterative POCSMUSE; multishot TSE DWI; off-resonance artifacts