title: A review of biophysical and socio-economic effects of unconventional oil and gas extraction - Implications for South Africa.
abstract: The impacts associated with unconventional oil and gas (UOG) extraction will be cumulative in nature and will most likely occur on a regional scale, highlighting the importance of using strategic decision-making and management tools. Managing possible impacts responsibly is extremely important in a water scarce country such as South Africa, versus countries where more water may be available for UOG extraction activities. This review article explains the possible biophysical and socio-economic impacts associated with UOG extraction within the South African context and how these complex impacts interlink. Relevant policy and governance frameworks to manage these impacts are also highlighted.
authors.affiliation: Centre for Environmental Management, University of the Free State, P.O. Box 339, Bloemfontein, South Africa. Electronic address: esterhuyses@ufs.ac.za.
authors.forename: Surina
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Esterhuyse
authors.affiliation: Centre for Environmental Management, University of the Free State, P.O. Box 339, Bloemfontein, South Africa.
authors.forename: Marinda
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Avenant
authors.affiliation: Department of Sociology, University of the Free State, P.O. Box 339, Bloemfontein, South Africa.
authors.forename: Nola
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Redelinghuys
authors.affiliation: University of Pretoria Natural Hazard Centre, Africa, University of Pretoria, Department of Geology, Private Bag X20, Hatfield, Pretoria, 0028, South Africa.
authors.forename: Andrzej
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Kijko
authors.affiliation: Institute of Marine and Environmental Law, University of Cape Town, Pvt Bag X 3, Cape Town, South Africa.
authors.forename: Jan
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Glazewski
authors.affiliation: Institute of Marine and Environmental Law, University of Cape Town, Pvt Bag X 3, Cape Town, South Africa.
authors.forename: Lisa
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Plit
authors.affiliation: Centre for Environmental Management, University of the Free State, P.O. Box 339, Bloemfontein, South Africa.
authors.forename: Marthie
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kemp
authors.affiliation: University of Pretoria Natural Hazard Centre, Africa, University of Pretoria, Department of Geology, Private Bag X20, Hatfield, Pretoria, 0028, South Africa.
authors.forename: Ansie
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Smit
authors.affiliation: Centre for Environmental Management, University of the Free State, P.O. Box 339, Bloemfontein, South Africa.
authors.forename: A Tascha
authors.initials: AT
authors.lastname: Vos
authors.affiliation: Centre for Environmental Management, University of the Free State, P.O. Box 339, Bloemfontein, South Africa.
authors.forename: Richard
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Williamson
mesh_terms: D004777:Environment; D006801:Humans; D000067071:Hydraulic Fracking; D059206:Natural Gas; D061329:Oil and Gas Fields; D000066388:Oil and Gas Industry / Q000191:economics* / Q000379:methods*; D012959:Socioeconomic Factors; D013019:South Africa
chemical_list: D059206:Natural Gas
keywords: Fracking; Impacts; Review; South Africa; Unconventional oil and gas