title: An Algorithm for Diagnosing and Treating Primary and Recurrent Patellar Instability.
abstract: Major anatomic risk factors for recurrent patellar instability include trochlear dysplasia, patella alta, a lateralized tibial tuberosity, and medial patellofemoral ligament insufficiency. Acute first-time patellar dislocation may be treated nonoperatively in the absence of osteochondral injury. Recurrent patellar instability often requires medial patellofemoral ligament reconstruction, with osseous procedures reserved for patients with substantial underlying anatomic abnormalities. Surgical treatment of patellar instability is complex and should be individualized to address the needs of each patient.
authors.affiliation: Division of Sports Medicine, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Allegheny General Hospital, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania.
authors.forename: Robert A
authors.initials: RA
authors.lastname: Duerr
authors.forename: Aakash
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Chauhan
authors.forename: Darren A
authors.initials: DA
authors.lastname: Frank
authors.forename: Patrick J
authors.initials: PJ
authors.lastname: DeMeo
authors.forename: Sam
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Akhavan
mesh_terms: D000465:Algorithms; D006801:Humans; D007593:Joint Instability / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000628:therapy; D008023:Ligaments, Articular; D010329:Patella; D031222:Patellar Dislocation / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000628:therapy