title: Predicting Cognitive Executive Functioning with Polygenic Risk Scores for Psychiatric Disorders.
abstract: Executive functions (EFs) have been proposed as an endophenotype for psychopathology because EF deficits are associated with most psychiatric disorders. To examine this hypothesis, we derived polygenic risk scores for autism, attention-deficit/hyperactive disorder (ADHD), bipolar disorder, major depression (MDD), and schizophrenia, using genome-wide data from the Psychiatric Genomics Consortium as discovery samples. We then examined the relationships between these polygenic risk scores and three separable EF components measured with a latent variable model. We also examined the relationship between genetic risk for ADHD and MDD and their respective symptom counts and lifetime diagnoses. We found no evidence for larger effect sizes for EFs as endophenotypes for psychiatric disorders. However, larger sample sizes will be important in examining this relationship further.
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO, USA. chelsie.benca@colorado.edu.|Institute for Behavioral Genetics, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO, USA. chelsie.benca@colorado.edu.
authors.forename: Chelsie E
authors.initials: CE
authors.lastname: Benca
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana-Champaign, IL, USA.
authors.forename: Jaime L
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: Derringer
authors.affiliation: Institute for Behavioral Genetics, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO, USA.
authors.forename: Robin P
authors.initials: RP
authors.lastname: Corley
authors.affiliation: Division of Substance Dependence, Psychiatry Department, University of Colorado Denver, Denver, CO, USA.
authors.forename: Susan E
authors.initials: SE
authors.lastname: Young
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO, USA.|Institute for Behavioral Genetics, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO, USA.
authors.forename: Matthew C
authors.initials: MC
authors.lastname: Keller
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO, USA.|Institute for Behavioral Genetics, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO, USA.
authors.forename: John K
authors.initials: JK
authors.lastname: Hewitt
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO, USA.|Institute for Behavioral Genetics, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO, USA.
authors.forename: Naomi P
authors.initials: NP
authors.lastname: Friedman
mesh_terms: D001289:Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity / Q000235:genetics; D003071:Cognition; D003865:Major Depressive Disorder / Q000235:genetics; D056344:Executive Function; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007360:Intelligence / Q000235:genetics; D008297:Male; D020412:Multifactorial Inheritance / Q000235:genetics*; D011618:Psychotic Disorders / Q000235:genetics* / Q000523:psychology; D012307:Risk Factors; D013647:Task Performance and Analysis; D055815:Young Adult
keywords: Cognitive control; Executive control; Intermediate phenotypes; Polygenic risk scores