title: New denture adhesive containing miconazole nitrate polymeric microparticles: Antifungal, adhesive force and toxicity properties.
abstract: The purpose of this study was to develop a new oral drug delivery system by incorporating polymeric miconazole nitrate (MN) microparticles on an experimental antifungal denture adhesive (DA).
  
  
  
  Spray drying Eudragit L-100 (E) and Gantrez MS-955 (G) MN-microparticles were incorporated in DA. DAE1, DAG1, DAEG1, DAE2, DAG2, DAEG2 groups were obtained from the combination of polymers used in MN-microparticles (E, G and EG) and concentration of MN into DA (1, for 1% and 2, for 2%). DA with 2% pure MN (DAM) and DA without microparticles or drug (DACT) were both control groups. All groups were evaluated to determine microbiological assay, adhesive force and toxicity. Minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) against Candida albicans was performed by broth micro-dilution and agar dilution methods in extract of DAs and conventional gel form (Daktarin®). Adhesive load testing was made between acrylic resin samples on a universal testing machine after immersion in water. The toxicity of several dilutions of DAs was performed with Artemia salina bioassay after 24 and 48h. Data of adhesive force were evaluated with two-way ANOVA and Bonferroni tests (α=0.05).
  
  
  
  The concentration required to kill 50% (LC50) was determined using the Provit analysis. DA with polymeric microparticles and pure drug presented MIC between 1.25-5μg/mL similar to MIC values of DAM. DAEG2, DAEG1, DAG20 showed the most actives against C. albicans. The best adhesive properties were exhibited by DAEG2, consisting of high initial adhesive force which was maintained for up to 6h. The extracts of all DA presented low or not toxicity at 24 and 48h.
  
  
  
  DA containing 2% of MN loaded in microparticles made by Gantrez MS-955 alone or combined with Eudragit L-100 produce effective antifungal activity, good adhesive force, and no toxicity effect being a promising therapeutics for removable denture wearers affected by denture stomatitis.
authors.affiliation: Department of Dentistry, State University of Ponta Grossa, Ponta Grossa, Brazil. Electronic address: afelipe87@hotmail.com.
authors.forename: Andrés Felipe
authors.initials: AF
authors.lastname: Cartagena
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, State University of Ponta Grossa, Ponta Grossa, Brazil.
authors.forename: Luís Antonio
authors.initials: LA
authors.lastname: Esmerino
authors.affiliation: Department of Materials Science and Engineering, State University of Ponta Grossa, Ponta Grossa, Brazil.
authors.forename: Rogerio
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Polak-Junior
authors.affiliation: Department of Dentistry, State University of Ponta Grossa, Ponta Grossa, Brazil.
authors.forename: Sibelli
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Olivieri Parreiras
authors.affiliation: Department of Materials Science and Engineering, State University of Ponta Grossa, Ponta Grossa, Brazil.
authors.forename: Milton
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Domingos Michél
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, State University of Ponta Grossa, Ponta Grossa, Brazil.
authors.forename: Paulo Vitor
authors.initials: PV
authors.lastname: Farago
authors.affiliation: Department of Dentistry, State University of Ponta Grossa, Ponta Grossa, Brazil.
authors.forename: Nara Hellen
authors.initials: NH
authors.lastname: Campanha
mesh_terms: D000180:Acrylic Resins; D000269:Adhesives; D000935:Antifungal Agents / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000633:toxicity; D002176:Candida albicans; D003738:Dental Cements; D003819:Denture Bases; D003781:Denture Retention; D003778:Dentures; D008825:Miconazole / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000633:toxicity; D011109:Polymethacrylic Acids / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000633:toxicity
chemical_list: D000180:Acrylic Resins; D000269:Adhesives; D000935:Antifungal Agents; D003738:Dental Cements; D011109:Polymethacrylic Acids; C038300:methylmethacrylate-methacrylic acid copolymer; D008825:Miconazole
keywords: Complete denture; Denture adhesives; Denture stomatitis; Miconazole nitrate; Microparticles drug delivery