title: Response inhibition rapidly increases single-neuron responses in the subthalamic nucleus of patients with Parkinson's disease.
abstract: The subthalamic nucleus (STN) plays a critical role during action inhibition, perhaps by acting like a fast brake on the motor system when inappropriate responses have to be rapidly suppressed. However, the mechanisms involving the STN during motor inhibition are still unclear, particularly because of a relative lack of single-cell responses reported in this structure in humans. In this study, we used extracellular microelectrode recordings during deep brain stimulation surgery in patients with Parkinson's disease (PD) to study STN neurophysiological correlates of inhibitory control during a stop signal task. We found two neuronal subpopulations responding either during motor execution (GO units) or during motor inhibition (STOP units). GO units fired selectively before patients' motor responses whereas STOP units fired selectively when patients successfully withheld their move at a latency preceding the duration of the inhibition process. These results provide electrophysiological evidence for the hypothesized role of the STN in current models of response inhibition.
authors.affiliation: Université Grenoble Alpes, Grenoble Institut des Neurosciences, GIN, Grenoble Cedex 9, France; Inserm, U1216, Grenoble Cedex 9, France.
authors.forename: Damien
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Benis
authors.affiliation: Université Grenoble Alpes, Grenoble Institut des Neurosciences, GIN, Grenoble Cedex 9, France; Inserm, U1216, Grenoble Cedex 9, France.
authors.forename: Olivier
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: David
authors.affiliation: Université Grenoble Alpes, Grenoble Institut des Neurosciences, GIN, Grenoble Cedex 9, France; Inserm, U1216, Grenoble Cedex 9, France.
authors.forename: Brigitte
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Piallat
authors.affiliation: Université Grenoble Alpes, Grenoble Institut des Neurosciences, GIN, Grenoble Cedex 9, France; Inserm, U1216, Grenoble Cedex 9, France.
authors.forename: Astrid
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Kibleur
authors.affiliation: Université Grenoble Alpes, Grenoble Institut des Neurosciences, GIN, Grenoble Cedex 9, France; Inserm, U1216, Grenoble Cedex 9, France.
authors.forename: Laurent
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Goetz
authors.affiliation: Université Grenoble Alpes, Grenoble Institut des Neurosciences, GIN, Grenoble Cedex 9, France; Inserm, U1216, Grenoble Cedex 9, France.
authors.forename: Manik
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Bhattacharjee
authors.affiliation: Université Grenoble Alpes, Grenoble Institut des Neurosciences, GIN, Grenoble Cedex 9, France; Inserm, U1216, Grenoble Cedex 9, France; CHU Grenoble Alpes, Department of Neurology, Grenoble Cedex 9, France.
authors.forename: Valérie
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Fraix
authors.affiliation: CHU Grenoble Alpes, Department of Neurosurgery, Grenoble Cedex 9, France.
authors.forename: Eric
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Seigneuret
authors.affiliation: Université Grenoble Alpes, Grenoble Institut des Neurosciences, GIN, Grenoble Cedex 9, France; Inserm, U1216, Grenoble Cedex 9, France; CHU Grenoble Alpes, Department of Neurology, Grenoble Cedex 9, France.
authors.forename: Paul
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Krack
authors.affiliation: Université Grenoble Alpes, Grenoble Institut des Neurosciences, GIN, Grenoble Cedex 9, France; Inserm, U1216, Grenoble Cedex 9, France; CHU Grenoble Alpes, Department of Neurosurgery, Grenoble Cedex 9, France.
authors.forename: Stéphan
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Chabardès
authors.affiliation: Université Grenoble Alpes, Grenoble Institut des Neurosciences, GIN, Grenoble Cedex 9, France; Inserm, U1216, Grenoble Cedex 9, France. Electronic address: julien.bastin@univ-grenoble-alpes.fr.
authors.forename: Julien
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Bastin
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D046690:Deep Brain Stimulation / Q000379:methods; D004567:Electrodes, Implanted; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007266:Inhibition, Psychological; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009474:Neurons / Q000502:physiology; D010300:Parkinson Disease / Q000503:physiopathology*; D011930:Reaction Time / Q000502:physiology; D020531:Subthalamic Nucleus / Q000503:physiopathology*
keywords: Electrophysiology; Motor inhibition; Stop-signal task; Subthalamic nucleus