title: SEM-EDS-Based Elemental Identification on the Enamel Surface after the Completion of Orthodontic Treatment:In VitroStudies.
abstract: Braces as foreign bodies in the mouth carry a risk of side effects and toxicity to the human body. This article presents the results indicating the possible toxic effects of tools used for cleaning the enamel after the completion of orthodontic treatment. The studies were carried outin vitro. The procedure of enamel etching, bonding orthodontic metal brackets, and enamel cleaning after their removal was performed under laboratory conditions. The enamel microstructure and elements present on its surface were evaluated using the scanning electron microscope (SEM). Silicon and aluminium were found in addition to the tooth building elements.
authors.affiliation: Division of Orthodontics, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, Szczecin, Poland.
authors.forename: Monika
authors.identifier: 0000-0001-5787-222X
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Machoy
authors.affiliation: Division of Orthodontics, Technical University Dresden, Dresden, Germany.
authors.forename: Julia
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Seeliger
authors.affiliation: Department of Preclinical Conservative Dentistry and Preclinical Endodontics, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, Szczecin, Poland.
authors.forename: Mariusz
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Lipski
authors.affiliation: Institute of Technology, Pedagogical University of Cracow, Cracow, Poland.
authors.forename: Anna
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Wójcicka
authors.affiliation: Division of Orthodontics, Technical University Dresden, Dresden, Germany.
authors.forename: Tomasz
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Gedrange
authors.affiliation: Division of Orthodontics, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, Szczecin, Poland.
authors.forename: Krzysztof
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Woźniak
mesh_terms: D000535:Aluminum / Q000737:chemistry; D001840:Dental Bonding / Q000379:methods; D003743:Dental Enamel / Q000737:chemistry*; D006801:Humans; D008670:Metals; D016910:Orthodontic Brackets / Q000009:adverse effects*; D019279:Resin Cements / Q000737:chemistry*; D012825:Silicon / Q000737:chemistry; D013499:Surface Properties; D014070:Tooth / Q000737:chemistry*
chemical_list: D008670:Metals; D019279:Resin Cements; D000535:Aluminum; D012825:Silicon