title: Higher-Order Aberrations After Cyclopentolate, Tropicamide, and Artificial Tear Drops Application in Normal Eyes.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To determine the effect of cyclopentolate, tropicamide, and artificial tear drops on higher-order aberrations (HOAs) in normal eyes with OPD-Scan III (Nidek Inc., Tokyo, Japan).
  
  
  METHODS
  In this study, 189 eyes of individuals aged 20 to 35 years were selected as samples. Inclusion criteria were a corrected visual acuity of 20/20 or better, a minimum size of about 5 mm for the pupil in the dark, hyperopia and myopia less than 5 D, and astigmatism less than 2 D. Moreover, participants with pathological eye problems, a history of intraocular surgery, and ocular diseases affecting the accommodation, pupil size, and corneal surface were excluded. Higher-order aberrations of the participants were assessed by the OPD-Scan III before and after cyclopentolate (Colircuss), tropicamide (Mydrax 0.5%), and artificial tears (Tearlose) drop instillation.
  
  
  RESULTS
  After instilling cyclopentolate drops, the mean of the total root mean square (RMS) increased from 4.580 to 6.335 D, total spherical aberration increased from 0.155 to 0.381 D, and total coma increased from 0.195 to 0.369 D; the increases were significant for total RMS and total spherical aberration, but a significant relationship was not seen with total coma. After tropicamide, the mean aberrations of total RMS increased from 4.301 to 4.568 D, total spherical aberration increased from 0.146 to 0.160 D, and total coma increased from 0.213 to 0.230 D; the increase was only significant for total coma. On the other hand, after artificial tears, the average of all aberrations decreased in a nonsignificant manner.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Most changes of mean aberrations were related to cyclopentolate drops. Tropicamide and artificial tears had the second and third rank according to their effect on mean errors. As a result, it seems that ocular accommodation is the most important impact on HOA than pupil size. However, the pupil size is the second factor for HOAs.
authors.affiliation: Department of Optometry (N.A., A.M.), Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Noor Research Center for Ophthalmic Epidemiology (H.H., E.J.), Noor Eye Hospital, Tehran, Iran; Department of Optometry (A.Y.), School of Paramedical Sciences, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran; and Department of Medical Surgical Nursing (M.K.), School of Nursing and Midwifery, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
authors.forename: Negin
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Amirshekarizadeh
authors.forename: Hassan
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Hashemi
authors.forename: Ebrahim
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Jafarzadehpur
authors.forename: Ali
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Mirzajani
authors.forename: Abbasali
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Yekta
authors.forename: Mehdi
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Khabazkhoob
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000704:Analysis of Variance; D003315:Cornea / Q000187:drug effects*; D057108:Corneal Wavefront Aberration / Q000139:chemically induced*; D003519:Cyclopentolate / Q000494:pharmacology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D065346:Lubricant Eye Drops / Q000494:pharmacology*; D008297:Male; D018727:Muscarinic Antagonists / Q000494:pharmacology*; D009184:Mydriatics / Q000494:pharmacology*; D011680:Pupil / Q000187:drug effects; D014331:Tropicamide / Q000494:pharmacology*; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D065346:Lubricant Eye Drops; D018727:Muscarinic Antagonists; D009184:Mydriatics; D003519:Cyclopentolate; D014331:Tropicamide