title: Haematoporphyrin monomethyl ether-mediated photodynamic inactivation of the biofilms produced by standard and fluconazole-resistant Candida albicans strains.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The use of photodynamic antimicrobial chemotherapy (PACT) to treat localized Candida infections is an emerging and promising therapeutic approach.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To assess the photodynamic inactivation (PDI) efficacy of haematoporphyrin monomethyl ether (HMME) on the biofilms produced by standard (ATCC 10231) and fluconazole-resistant Candida albicans strains.
  
  
  METHODS
  The PDI efficacy was evaluated by incubating C. albicans biofilms with 0.01-10 μmol/L HMME for 30 min in the dark, followed by irradiation with 400-800 nm light for 30 min.
  
  
  RESULTS
  HMME inactivated the biofilms in a concentration-dependent manner in the presence of light, but it exhibited no significant toxicity without light. After treatment with 10 μmol/L HMME and irradiation for 30 min, 2.47 and 3.26 log10reductions in survival were achieved for C. albicans ATCC 10231 and fluconazole-resistant C. albicans, respectively.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Biofilms formed by the two strains were sensitive to HMME-mediated PDI.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathogenic Microbiology and Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, PR China.
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.affiliation: Department of Applied Chemistry, School of Science, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, PR China.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Hu
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathogenic Microbiology and Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, PR China.
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: The First Affiliated Hospital of College of Medicine, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, PR China.
authors.forename: X
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Zeng
mesh_terms: D018441:Biofilms / Q000187:drug effects*; D002176:Candida albicans / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000502:physiology; D025141:Drug Resistance, Fungal; D015725:Fluconazole / Q000494:pharmacology; D006415:Hematoporphyrins / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology*; D015394:Molecular Structure; D017319:Photosensitizing Agents / Q000494:pharmacology*
chemical_list: D006415:Hematoporphyrins; D017319:Photosensitizing Agents; C494379:hematoporphyrin monomethyl ether; D015725:Fluconazole