title: Genetic and Chemical Profiling ofGymnema sylvestreAccessions from Central India: Its Implication for Quality Control and Therapeutic Potential of Plant.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Gymnema sylvestre, a vulnerable plant species, is mentioned in Indian Pharmacopeia as an antidiabetic drug.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  Study of genetic and chemical diversity and its implications in accessions ofG. sylvestre.
  
  
  METHODS
  Fourteen accessions ofG. sylvestrecollected from Central India and assessment of their genetic and chemical diversity were carried out using ISSR (inter simple sequence repeat) and HPLC (high performance liquid chromatography) fingerprinting methods.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Among the screened 40 ISSR primers, 15 were found polymorphic and collectively produced nine unique accession-specific bands. The maximum and minimum numbers of amplicones were noted for ISSR-15 and ISSR-11, respectively. The ISSR -11 and ISSR-13 revealed 100% polymorphism. HPLC chromatograms showed that accessions possess the secondary metabolites of mid-polarity with considerable variability. Unknown peaks with retention time 2.63, 3.41, 23.83, 24.50, and 44.67 were found universal type. Comparative hierarchical clustering analysis based on foresaid fingerprints indicates that both techniques have equal potential to discriminate accessions according to percentage gymnemic acid in their leaf tissue. Second approach was noted more efficiently for separation of accessions according to their agro-climatic/collection site.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Highly polymorphic ISSRs could be utilized as molecular probes for further selection of high gymnemic acid yielding accessions. Observed accession specific bands may be used as a descriptor for plant accessions protection and converted into sequence tagged sites markers. Identified five universal type peaks could be helpful in identification ofG. sylvestre-based various herbal preparations.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Nine accession specific unique bandsFive marker peaks forG. sylvestre.Suitability of genetic and chemical fingerprintingAbbreviations used:HPLC: High Performance Liquid Chromatography, ISSR: Inter Simple Sequence Repeats, CTAB: Cetyl Trimethylammonium Bromide, DNTP: Deoxynucleotide Triphosphates.
authors.affiliation: Central Botanical Laboratory, Botanical Survey of India, AJC Bose Indian Botanic Garden, Howrah, West Bengal, India.
authors.forename: Ashutosh Kumar
authors.initials: AK
authors.lastname: Verma
authors.affiliation: Plant Biotechnology Division, CSIR - Central Institute of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants, Lucknow, India.
authors.forename: Sunita Singh
authors.initials: SS
authors.lastname: Dhawan
authors.affiliation: Plant Genetics Unit, Department of Botany, University of Lucknow, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India.
authors.forename: Seema
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Singh
authors.affiliation: Central National Herbarium, Botanical Survey of India, AJC Bose Indian Botanic Garden, Howrah, West Bengal, India.
authors.forename: Kumar Avinash
authors.initials: KA
authors.lastname: Bharati
authors.affiliation: Analytical Chemistry Division, CSIR - Central Institute of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India.
authors.lastname: Jyotsana
keywords: Chemical fingerprinting; HPLC; ISSR; genetic fingerprinting; gymnemic acid; marker peaks