title: Fluorescent Probe Based on Azobenzene-Cyclopalladium for the Selective Imaging of Endogenous Carbon Monoxide under Hypoxia Conditions.
abstract: Carbon monoxide (CO), a crucial gas message molecule, plays an important role in the regulation of physiological and pathological process. Hypoxia-induced CO is involved in modulating various cellular activities, including signal transduction, proliferation, and apoptosis. However, tracking CO fluctuation in the hypoxic cells is still a challenge due to lack of straightforward, visualized, and noninvasive tools. In this work, based on metal palladium-catalyzed reaction, we present the rational design, synthesis, and biological utility of an azobenzene-cyclopalladium-based fluorescent probe, ACP-2, for CO monitoring. ACP-2 exhibits capacity of detecting CO in aqueous buffer solution and live cells with high sensitivity and specificity. Utilizing ACP-2, we displayed a direct and visual evidence of endogenous CO up-regulation in live cells induced by hypoxia. Moreover, CO up-regulation during oxygen-glucose deprivation/reperfusion (OGD/R) was also imaged and certified by ACP-2.
authors.affiliation: College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Collaborative Innovation Center of Functionalized Probes for Chemical Imaging in Universities of Shandong, Key Laboratory of Molecular and Nano Probes, Ministry of Education, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Clean Production of Fine Chemicals, Shandong Normal University , Jinan 250014, P. R. China.
authors.forename: Yong
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Collaborative Innovation Center of Functionalized Probes for Chemical Imaging in Universities of Shandong, Key Laboratory of Molecular and Nano Probes, Ministry of Education, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Clean Production of Fine Chemicals, Shandong Normal University , Jinan 250014, P. R. China.
authors.forename: Xu
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Collaborative Innovation Center of Functionalized Probes for Chemical Imaging in Universities of Shandong, Key Laboratory of Molecular and Nano Probes, Ministry of Education, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Clean Production of Fine Chemicals, Shandong Normal University , Jinan 250014, P. R. China.
authors.forename: Jie
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.affiliation: College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Collaborative Innovation Center of Functionalized Probes for Chemical Imaging in Universities of Shandong, Key Laboratory of Molecular and Nano Probes, Ministry of Education, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Clean Production of Fine Chemicals, Shandong Normal University , Jinan 250014, P. R. China.
authors.forename: Xilei
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Xie
authors.affiliation: College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Collaborative Innovation Center of Functionalized Probes for Chemical Imaging in Universities of Shandong, Key Laboratory of Molecular and Nano Probes, Ministry of Education, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Clean Production of Fine Chemicals, Shandong Normal University , Jinan 250014, P. R. China.
authors.forename: Mengmeng
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Collaborative Innovation Center of Functionalized Probes for Chemical Imaging in Universities of Shandong, Key Laboratory of Molecular and Nano Probes, Ministry of Education, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Clean Production of Fine Chemicals, Shandong Normal University , Jinan 250014, P. R. China.
authors.forename: Jinye
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Niu
authors.affiliation: College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Collaborative Innovation Center of Functionalized Probes for Chemical Imaging in Universities of Shandong, Key Laboratory of Molecular and Nano Probes, Ministry of Education, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Clean Production of Fine Chemicals, Shandong Normal University , Jinan 250014, P. R. China.
authors.forename: Lili
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Tong
authors.affiliation: College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Collaborative Innovation Center of Functionalized Probes for Chemical Imaging in Universities of Shandong, Key Laboratory of Molecular and Nano Probes, Ministry of Education, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Clean Production of Fine Chemicals, Shandong Normal University , Jinan 250014, P. R. China.
authors.forename: Bo
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Tang
mesh_terms: D001391:Azo Compounds / Q000737:chemistry*; D002248:Carbon Monoxide / Q000032:analysis*; D015687:Cell Hypoxia; D005456:Fluorescent Dyes / Q000138:chemical synthesis / Q000737:chemistry*; D056945:Hep G2 Cells; D006801:Humans; D018613:Microscopy, Confocal; D015394:Molecular Structure; D061848:Optical Imaging; D009942:Organometallic Compounds / Q000138:chemical synthesis / Q000737:chemistry*; D010165:Palladium / Q000737:chemistry*
chemical_list: D001391:Azo Compounds; D005456:Fluorescent Dyes; D009942:Organometallic Compounds; D010165:Palladium; D002248:Carbon Monoxide; C009850:azobenzene