title: A rare nasal cavity mass in a child: Accessory middle turbinate.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The accessory middle turbinate, a rare anatomical variation of the nasal cavity, have been systematically studied in adults. Presence of accessory middle turbinate and its clinical significance in a child has not been reported. We describe clinical appearance and radiologic features of accessory middle turbinate in a child.
  
  
  METHODS
  Retrospective chart review.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A 3-year-old boy presented to the otolaryngology clinic for evaluation of recurrent epistaxis. Anterior rhinoscopy revealed moist nasal mucosa without inflammation and bilateral prominent blood vessels on the anterior nasal septum. Nasal endoscopy showed turbinate like protuberances in bilateral middle meatus. CT images documented accessory middle turbinate in the bilateral nasal cavity.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Otolaryngologists should be cognizant of anatomical variations of middle turbinate to achieve correct diagnosis and avoid potential complications during surgical management.
authors.affiliation: Division of Pediatric Otolaryngology, Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA.
authors.forename: Andrew
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Chang
authors.affiliation: Division of Pediatric Otolaryngology, Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA; Children's Medical Center, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA.
authors.forename: Seckin O
authors.initials: SO
authors.lastname: Ulualp
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA.
authors.forename: Korgun
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Koral
authors.affiliation: Division of Pediatric Otolaryngology, Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA; Children's Medical Center, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA.
authors.forename: Maria
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Veling
keywords: Accessory middle turbinate; children; congenital; epistaxis; nasal mass