title: "Same-Patient Processing" for multiple cardiac SPECT studies. 1. Improving LV segmentation accuracy.
abstract: This paper describes a novel approach (same-patient processing, or SPP) aimed at improving left ventricular segmentation accuracy in patients with multiple SPECT studies, and evaluates its performance compared to conventional processing in a large population of 962 patients undergoing rest and stress electrocardiography-gated SPECT MPI, for a total of 5,772 image datasets (6 per patient).
  
  
  
  Each dataset was independently processed using a standard algorithm, and a shape quality control score (SQC) was produced for every segmentation. Datasets with a SQC score higher than a specific threshold, suggesting algorithmic failure, were automatically reprocessed with the SPP-modified algorithm, which incorporates knowledge of the segmentation mask location in the other datasets belonging to the same patient. Experienced operators blinded as to whether datasets had been processed based on the standard or SPP approach assessed segmentation success/failure for each dataset.
  
  
  
  The SPP approach reduced segmentation failures from 219/5772 (3.8%) to 42/5772 (0.7%) overall, with particular improvements in attenuation corrected (AC) datasets with high extra-cardiac activity (from 100/962 (10.4%) to 12/962 (1.4%) for rest AC, and from 41/962 (4.3%) to 9/962 (0.9%) for stress AC). The number of patients who had at least one of their 6 datasets affected by segmentation failure decreased from 141/962 (14.7%) to 14/962 (1.7%) using the SPP approach.
  
  
  
  Whenever multiple image datasets for the same patient exist and need to be processed, it is possible to deal with the images as a group rather than individually. The same-patient processing approach can be implemented automatically, and may substantially reduce the need for manual reprocessing due to cardiac segmentation failure.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA. Guido.Germano@cshs.org.|Department of Imaging, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA. Guido.Germano@cshs.org.
authors.forename: Guido
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Germano
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
authors.forename: Paul B
authors.initials: PB
authors.lastname: Kavanagh
authors.affiliation: Oregon Heart and Vascular Institute, Sacred Heart Medical Center, Springfield, OR, USA.
authors.forename: Mathews B
authors.initials: MB
authors.lastname: Fish
authors.affiliation: Oregon Heart and Vascular Institute, Sacred Heart Medical Center, Springfield, OR, USA.
authors.forename: Mark H
authors.initials: MH
authors.lastname: Lemley
authors.affiliation: Department of Imaging, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
authors.forename: Yuan
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Xu
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA.|Department of Imaging, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA.|David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
authors.forename: Daniel S
authors.initials: DS
authors.lastname: Berman
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA.|David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
authors.forename: Piotr J
authors.initials: PJ
authors.lastname: Slomka
mesh_terms: D055426:Cardiac-Gated Single-Photon Emission Computer-Assisted Tomography / Q000379:methods*; D003324:Coronary Artery Disease / Q000150:complications / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D005260:Female; D006352:Heart Ventricles / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D006801:Humans; D007089:Image Enhancement / Q000379:methods*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D055414:Myocardial Perfusion Imaging / Q000379:methods*; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D013318:Stroke Volume; D015899:Tomography, Emission-Computed, Single-Photon / Q000379:methods*; D018487:Ventricular Dysfunction, Left / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000209:etiology
keywords: Myocardial perfusion imaging: SPECT; gated SPECT; image processing; software and algorithms