title: Golden Proportion Analysis of Dental-Skeletal Patterns of Class II and III Patients Pre and Post Orthodontic-orthognathic Treatment.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The golden proportion has been used in dentistry in an attempt to improve facial function and, possibly, esthetics by simplifying the diagnosis of facial and dental disharmony. The aim of this study is to analyze pre- and postoperative cephalometric tracings of lateral cephalograms of patients with class II and III deformities submitted to orthognathic surgery, and verify if the 13 dental-skeletal patterns (ratios), as defined by Ricketts, moved closer to or further away from the golden proportion.
  
  
  METHODS
  A total of 110 lateral cephalometric radiographs, 55 obtained preoperatively and 55 postoperatively, were analyzed using Dolphin Imaging software.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Radiographs analysis demonstrated that ratios 1, 3, 4, 5, 7, 8, 9, 10, and 13 remained statistically different from the golden proportion postoperatively. Ratio 12 was the only one to move closer to the golden number, while the opposite happened with ratio 6, which moved further away after the surgery. Ratios 2 and 11 kept statistically similar to the golden proportion both pre and postoperatively.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  It may be concluded that orthognathic surgery had little effect on the proportions studied, and that the golden proportion was not present in the majority of the ratios analyzed neither before nor after surgery.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Determine whether the facial patterns approach the golden ratio after surgical correction. Also determine whether the golden ratio may be a standard to guide the surgical treatment of patients with skeletal patterns of type II and III.
authors.affiliation: Department of Dentistry, State University of Maringá, Maringá Paraná, Brazil.
authors.forename: Fernanda P
authors.initials: FP
authors.lastname: Bragatto
authors.affiliation: Department of Dentistry and Oral Radiology, State University of Maringá, Maringá, Paraná, Brazil.
authors.forename: Mariliani
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Chicarelli
authors.affiliation: Department of Restorative Dentistry and Dental Materials School of Dentistry, Federal University of Goiás, Goiânia, Goiás, Brazil.
authors.forename: Amanda Vb
authors.initials: AV
authors.lastname: Kasuya
authors.affiliation: Department of Dentistry and Oral Diagnosis, Federal University of Sergipe, São Cristóvão, Sergipe, Brazil.
authors.forename: Wilton M
authors.initials: WM
authors.lastname: Takeshita
authors.affiliation: Department of Dentistry, Oral, and Maxillofacial Surgery, State University of Maringá, Maringá, Paraná, Brazil.
authors.forename: Liogi
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Iwaki-Filho
authors.affiliation: Department of Dentistry and Oral Radiology, State University of Maringá, Maringá, Paraná, Brazil, Phone: +554430119051, e-mail: lilianiwaki@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Lilian Cv
authors.initials: LC
authors.lastname: Iwaki
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001938:Brazil; D002508:Cephalometry; D004955:Esthetics, Dental; D005145:Face / Q000033:anatomy & histology*; D006801:Humans; D008312:Malocclusion, Angle Class II / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000601:surgery*; D008313:Malocclusion, Angle Class III / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000601:surgery*; D008445:Maxillofacial Development; D056948:Orthognathic Surgical Procedures; D011857:Radiographic Image Interpretation, Computer-Assisted; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012984:Software; D016896:Treatment Outcome
keywords: Cephalometry; Face; Malocclusion angle class I; Malocclusion angle class II Orthognathic surgery.