title: A Leadership Education and Development Program for Clinical Nurses.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The Leadership Education and Development (LEAD) Program was designed to transform care at the bedside by empowering clinical nurses as leaders.
  
  
  BACKGROUND
  The heart of LEAD was enhancing communication skills of clinical nurses with clinical colleagues and, most importantly, patients and families. Key concepts of leadership/management were included: personal awareness, personal leadership skills/abilities, leading change, leading others individually and in teams, enhancing the patient/provider experience, and the leadership role in outcomes management.
  
  
  METHODS
  A quantitative, longitudinal, survey design was used with 2 cohorts. The program consisted of six 4-hour sessions for 3 to 6 months. Leadership practices were measured before program implementation, at the end of the program, and 3 months after program completion.
  
  
  RESULTS
  There were significant increases in leadership practices sustained 3 months after program completion. A range of other outcome measures was included.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  There is a need for additional leadership development programs for clinical nurses.
authors.affiliation: Author Affiliations: Elizabeth Brooks Ford Professor of Nursing (Dr Fitzpatrick), Frances Payne Bolton School of Nursing, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland; Clinical Nurse Specialist (Dr Modic), Director Nursing Education (Dr Van Dyk), and Chief Nursing Officer (Dr Hancock), Cleveland Clinic; and Executive Chief Nursing Officer (Dr Hancock), Cleveland Clinic Health System, Ohio.
authors.forename: Joyce J
authors.initials: JJ
authors.lastname: Fitzpatrick
authors.forename: Mary Beth
authors.initials: MB
authors.lastname: Modic
authors.forename: Jennifer
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Van Dyk
authors.forename: K Kelly
authors.initials: KK
authors.lastname: Hancock
mesh_terms: D002983:Clinical Competence; D003299:Cooperative Behavior; D004509:Education, Nursing, Continuing / Q000458:organization & administration*; D006801:Humans; D007588:Job Satisfaction; D007857:Leadership; D008137:Longitudinal Studies; D009720:Nurse Clinicians / Q000193:education*; D009745:Nursing, Supervisory; D015397:Program Evaluation; D036301:Qualitative Research; D013192:Staff Development / Q000458:organization & administration*