title: Effects of low molecular weight procyanidin rich extract from french maritime pine bark on cardiovascular disease risk factors in stage-1 hypertensive subjects: Randomized, double-blind, crossover, placebo-controlled intervention trial.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Oligopinۚ(OP) is a quantified extract from French Maritime Pine bark (FMPB) with low molecular weight procyanidins. The cardioprotective effects of OP need to be tested in human clinical intervention trials with an appropriate design.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  The aim of the present study was to assess the effect of subchronic consumption of OP on cardiovascular disease risk factors such as lipid profile, systolic blood pressure (BP) and oxidized-Low Density Lipoprotein (ox-LDL) in stage-1-hypertensive subjects.
  
  
  METHODS
  Between February 14 and May 31, 2014, eligible subjects were recruited from the outpatient clinics of Hospital Universitari Sant Joan (Reus, Spain). A total of 24 participants (mean age ± DS; 57.36 ± 11.25; 17 men) with stage-1-hypertension who were not receiving BP-lowering medication and LDL cholesterol < 4.88 mmol/l were randomized in a double-blind, placebo-controlled, crossover study. The subjects received 2 capsules/day with 75 mg of OP or placebo for 5-weeks.
  
  
  RESULTS
  At 5-weeks, compared to the placebo, OP raised High Density Lipoprotein-cholesterol (HDL-c) by 14.06% (p = 0.012) and apolipoprotein A-1 by 8.12% (p = 0.038) and reduced the ratio of apolipoprotein B-100/A-1 by 10.26% (p = 0.046). Moreover, at 5-weeks, compared to the baseline, OP reduced the systolic BP by 6.36 mmHg (p = 0.014), and decreased ox-LDL concentrations by 31.72 U/l (p = 0.015).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  At 5-weeks, the consumption of 150 mg/day of OP improve lipid cardiovascular profile and represents one of the scarce ways to increase HDL-c in stage-1-hypertensive subjects.
  
  
  BACKGROUND
  ClinicalTrials.gov: NCT02063477.
authors.affiliation: NFOC-Salut group, URLA, CTNS, CIBERDEM, Hospital Universitari Sant Joan, Servei de Medicina Interna, IISPV, Facultat de Medicina i Ciències de la Salut, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, St. Llorenç, 21, 43201, Reus, Spain.
authors.forename: Rosa-M
authors.initials: RM
authors.lastname: Valls
authors.affiliation: NFOC-Salut group, URLA, CTNS, CIBERDEM, Hospital Universitari Sant Joan, Servei de Medicina Interna, IISPV, Facultat de Medicina i Ciències de la Salut, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, St. Llorenç, 21, 43201, Reus, Spain.
authors.forename: Elisabet
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Llauradó
authors.affiliation: NFOC-Salut group, URLA, CTNS, CIBERDEM, Hospital Universitari Sant Joan, Servei de Medicina Interna, IISPV, Facultat de Medicina i Ciències de la Salut, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, St. Llorenç, 21, 43201, Reus, Spain.
authors.forename: Sara
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Fernández-Castillejo
authors.affiliation: CTNS-TECNIO-Technology Center of Nutrition and Health, Avda. Universitat, 1, 43204, Reus, Spain.
authors.forename: Francesc
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Puiggrós
authors.affiliation: NFOC-Salut group, URLA, CTNS, CIBERDEM, Hospital Universitari Sant Joan, Servei de Medicina Interna, IISPV, Facultat de Medicina i Ciències de la Salut, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, St. Llorenç, 21, 43201, Reus, Spain. Electronic address: rosa.sola@urv.cat.
authors.forename: Rosa
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Solà
authors.affiliation: CTNS-TECNIO-Technology Center of Nutrition and Health, Avda. Universitat, 1, 43204, Reus, Spain.
authors.forename: Lluis
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Arola
authors.affiliation: NFOC-Salut group, URLA, CTNS, CIBERDEM, Hospital Universitari Sant Joan, Servei de Medicina Interna, IISPV, Facultat de Medicina i Ciències de la Salut, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, St. Llorenç, 21, 43201, Reus, Spain.
authors.forename: Anna
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Pedret
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D016632:Apolipoprotein A-I / Q000097:blood; D001794:Blood Pressure / Q000187:drug effects*; D002318:Cardiovascular Diseases / Q000097:blood / Q000209:etiology; D008076:Cholesterol, HDL / Q000097:blood; D008078:Cholesterol, LDL / Q000097:blood; D018592:Cross-Over Studies; D004311:Double-Blind Method; D006801:Humans; D006973:Hypertension / Q000097:blood* / Q000188:drug therapy; D008055:Lipids / Q000097:blood*; D008077:Lipoproteins, LDL / Q000097:blood; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D008970:Molecular Weight; D008517:Phytotherapy; D028223:Pinus / Q000737:chemistry*; D024301:Plant Bark / Q000737:chemistry; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000494:pharmacology* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D059808:Polyphenols / Q000494:pharmacology* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D044945:Proanthocyanidins / Q000494:pharmacology* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D012307:Risk Factors
chemical_list: D016632:Apolipoprotein A-I; D008076:Cholesterol, HDL; D008078:Cholesterol, LDL; D008055:Lipids; D008077:Lipoproteins, LDL; C587735:Oligopin; D010936:Plant Extracts; D059808:Polyphenols; D044945:Proanthocyanidins; C099252:oxidized low density lipoprotein
keywords: Cardiovascular biomarkers; HDL-c; Low weight molecular procyanidin; Systolic blood pressure