title: Measuring interprofessional competencies and attitudes among health professional students creating family planning virtual patient cases.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The Virtual Interprofessional Patients-Computer-Assisted Reproductive Health Education for Students (VIP-CARES) Project took place during the summers of 2010-2012 for eight weeks each year at the University of British Columbia (UBC). Undergraduate health care students worked collaboratively to develop virtual patient case-based learning modules on the topic of family planning. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the changes in perception towards interprofessional collaboration (IPC) among the participants, before and after the project.
  
  
  METHODS
  This study utilized a mixed methods evaluation using self-assessment survey instruments, semi-structured interviews, and reflective essays. Pre- and post- project surveys were adapted from the Canadian Medical Education Determinants (CanMEDS) and Canadian Interprofessional Health Collaborative (CIHC) frameworks, as well as the Memorial University Interprofessional Attitudes (IPA) questionnaire. The survey results were analyzed as mean (M) and standard deviation (SD) on Likert scales. The non-parametric Wilcoxon signed-rank test was used to determine if any significant changes were measured between each participant's differences in score (p ≤ 0.05). Post-project interview transcripts and essays were analyzed using recursive abstraction to elicit any themes.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Altogether, 26 students in medicine, pharmacy, nursing, midwifery, dentistry, counselling psychology, and computer science participated in VIP-CARES, during the three years. Student attitudes toward IPC were positive before and after the project. At the project's conclusion, there was a statistically significant increase in the participants' self-assessment competency scores in the CanMEDS roles of health advocate (p = 0.05), manager (p = 0.02), and medical expert (p = 0.03), as well as the CIHC domains of interprofessional communication (p = 0.04), role clarification (p = 0.01), team functioning (p = 0.05), and collaborative leadership (p = 0.01). Qualitative evaluations yielded three major themes: communication and respect as key to team functioning, importance of role clarification within the team, and existence of inherent challenges to IPC. From the reflections, students generally felt more comfortable with their improvements in the CIHC domains of interprofessional communication, team functioning, and role clarification.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  After working within an interdisciplinary team developing virtual patient learning modules on family planning, the student participants of the VIP-CARES Project indicated general improvement in the skills necessary for effective interprofessional collaboration. Triangulation of the overall data suggests this was especially observed within the areas of interprofessional communication, team functioning, and role clarification.
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada.|Contraception Access Research Team- Groupe de recherche sur l'accessibilité à la contraception (CART/GRAC), Women's Health Research Institute, British Columbia Women's Hospital and Health Centre, Provincial Health Services Authority, Vancouver, BC, Canada.
authors.forename: Eric
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Wong
authors.affiliation: Contraception Access Research Team- Groupe de recherche sur l'accessibilité à la contraception (CART/GRAC), Women's Health Research Institute, British Columbia Women's Hospital and Health Centre, Provincial Health Services Authority, Vancouver, BC, Canada.|Department of Family Practice, Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia, 3rd Floor, David Strangway Building, 5950 University Boulevard, Vancouver, BC, V6T 1Z3, Canada.
authors.forename: Jasmine J
authors.initials: JJ
authors.lastname: Leslie
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada.|Contraception Access Research Team- Groupe de recherche sur l'accessibilité à la contraception (CART/GRAC), Women's Health Research Institute, British Columbia Women's Hospital and Health Centre, Provincial Health Services Authority, Vancouver, BC, Canada.
authors.forename: Judith A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Soon
authors.affiliation: Contraception Access Research Team- Groupe de recherche sur l'accessibilité à la contraception (CART/GRAC), Women's Health Research Institute, British Columbia Women's Hospital and Health Centre, Provincial Health Services Authority, Vancouver, BC, Canada. wendy.norman@ubc.ca.|Department of Family Practice, Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia, 3rd Floor, David Strangway Building, 5950 University Boulevard, Vancouver, BC, V6T 1Z3, Canada. wendy.norman@ubc.ca.
authors.forename: Wendy V
authors.initials: WV
authors.lastname: Norman
mesh_terms: D001291:Attitude of Health Personnel; D002170:Canada; D003142:Communication; D003194:Computer-Assisted Instruction; D003299:Cooperative Behavior; D004501:Education, Medical / Q000379:methods*; D005193:Family Planning Services / Q000193:education*; D006801:Humans; D058025:Interdisciplinary Studies; D007400:Interprofessional Relations; D016544:Patient Simulation; D012647:Self-Assessment
keywords: Canada; Health professional education; Interprofessional; Medical education; Medicine; Midwifery; Mixed methods; Nursing; Pharmacy; Qualitative; Sexual health education; Survey; Virtual patients