title: Occupational back pain among schoolteachers in Jordan: estimated prevalence and factors associated with self-reported pain and work limitations.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To investigate the point prevalence of upper back pain and lower back pain in Jordanian schoolteachers and to estimate the work-related reported disability.
  
  
  METHODS
  A cross-sectional survey was used to assess back pain in a convenience sample of teachers in Jordan. Crude and weighted prevalence estimates of self-reported spinal pain and limited productivity were described. Demographic and occupational factors associated with self-reported pain and limited productivity were identified by multinomial/logistic regression.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Crude rates differed by gender, geographic location, school funding and grade levels of teaching. Weighted estimates for self-reported pain were 46% for females and 36% for males. Pain with limitation was 55% for males and 49% for females. Pain without limitation was associated with female gender (odds ratio [OR] = 5.26). Pain with limitations was associated with female gender (OR = 2.92), teaching in public school (OR = 2.06) and body mass index (OR = 1.1). Among subjects with pain, limitations were associated with male gender (OR = 2.34), teaching in public school (OR = 3.18) and pain in both upper and lower back (OR = 4.64).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Pain and occupational limitations are highly prevalent in schoolteachers in Jordan.
authors.affiliation: a Faculty of Rehabilitation Sciences , The University of Jordan , Jordan.
authors.forename: Alia
authors.identifier: http://orcid.org/0000-0002-2122-9280
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Alghwiri
authors.affiliation: b Rangos School of Health Sciences , Duquesne University , USA.
authors.forename: Gregory
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Marchetti
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001416:Back Pain / Q000453:epidemiology*; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007597:Jordan / Q000453:epidemiology; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009784:Occupational Diseases / Q000453:epidemiology*; D015995:Prevalence; D012307:Risk Factors; D000070777:School Teachers / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires
keywords: musculoskeletal disorders; prevalence; teachers; work productivity