title: PARK2 polymorphisms predict disease progression in patients infected with hepatitis C virus.
abstract: Background. The protein encoded by PARK2 gene is a component of the ubiquitin-proteasome system that mediates targeting of proteins for the degradation pathway. Genetic variations at PARK2 gene were linked to various diseases including leprosy, typhoid and cancer. The present study investigated the association of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the PARK2 gene with the development of hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection and its progression to severe liver diseases.
  
  
  METHODS
  A total of 800 subjects, including 400 normal healthy subjects and 400 HCV-infected patients, were analyzed in this study. The patients were classified as chronic HCV patients (group I), patients with cirrhosis (group II) and patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) in the context of cirrhosis (group III). DNA was extracted and was genotyped for the SNPs rs10945859, rs2803085, rs2276201 and rs1931223.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Among these SNPs, CT genotype of rs10945859 was found to have a significant association towards the clinical progression of chronic HCV infection to cirrhosis alone (OR = 1.850; 95% C. I. 1.115-3.069; p = 0.016) or cirrhosis and HCC (OR = 1.768; 95% C. I. 1.090-2.867; p value = 0.020).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  SNP rs10945859 in the PARK2 gene could prove useful in predicting the clinical outcome in HCV-infected patients.
authors.affiliation: Department of Infection and Immunity, Research Center, King Faisal Specialist Hospital & Research Center, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia; Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Alfaisal University School of Medicine, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia; Liver Disease Research Center, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.
authors.forename: Ahmed A
authors.initials: AA
authors.lastname: Al-Qahtani
authors.affiliation: Department of Infection and Immunity, Research Center, King Faisal Specialist Hospital & Research Center, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.
authors.forename: Mashael R
authors.initials: MR
authors.lastname: Al-Anazi
authors.affiliation: Molecular BioMedicine Program, Research Center, King Faisal Specialist Hospital & Research Center, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.
authors.forename: Fahad A
authors.initials: FA
authors.lastname: Al-Zoghaibi
authors.affiliation: Section of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.
authors.forename: Ayman A
authors.initials: AA
authors.lastname: Abdo
authors.affiliation: Gastroenterology Unit, Department of Medicine, King Abdulaziz Medical City, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia.
authors.forename: Faisal M
authors.initials: FM
authors.lastname: Sanai
authors.affiliation: Section of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.
authors.forename: Waleed K
authors.initials: WK
authors.lastname: Al-Hamoudi
authors.affiliation: Section of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.
authors.forename: Khalid A
authors.initials: KA
authors.lastname: Alswat
authors.affiliation: Gastroenterology Unit, Department of Medicine, King Faisal Specialist Hospital & Research Center, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.
authors.forename: Hamad I
authors.initials: HI
authors.lastname: Al-Ashgar
authors.affiliation: Gastroenterology Unit, Department of Medicine, King Faisal Specialist Hospital & Research Center, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.
authors.forename: Mohammed Q
authors.initials: MQ
authors.lastname: Khan
authors.affiliation: Department of Gastroenterology, Prince Sultan Medical Military City, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.
authors.forename: Ali
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Albenmousa
authors.affiliation: Advanced Computing, Weill-Cornell Medical College, Doha, Qatar.
authors.forename: Hanif
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Khalak
authors.affiliation: Department of Infection and Immunity, Research Center, King Faisal Specialist Hospital & Research Center, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.
authors.forename: Mohammed N
authors.initials: MN
authors.lastname: Al-Ahdal
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D006528:Carcinoma, Hepatocellular / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000201:enzymology / Q000235:genetics* / Q000821:virology; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D016009:Chi-Square Distribution; D018450:Disease Progression; D005260:Female; D005787:Gene Frequency; D056726:Genetic Association Studies; D020022:Genetic Predisposition to Disease; D006239:Haplotypes; D019698:Hepatitis C, Chronic / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000201:enzymology / Q000235:genetics* / Q000821:virology; D006801:Humans; D015810:Linkage Disequilibrium; D008103:Liver Cirrhosis / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000201:enzymology / Q000235:genetics* / Q000821:virology; D008113:Liver Neoplasms / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000201:enzymology / Q000235:genetics* / Q000821:virology; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D016017:Odds Ratio; D010641:Phenotype; D020641:Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide; D012307:Risk Factors; D044767:Ubiquitin-Protein Ligases / Q000235:genetics*; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D044767:Ubiquitin-Protein Ligases; C111567:parkin protein