title: Genetically Engineered Escherichia coli Nissle 1917 Synbiotics Reduce Metabolic Effects Induced by Chronic Consumption of Dietary Fructose.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To assess protective efficacy of genetically modified Escherichia coli Nissle 1917 (EcN) on metabolic effects induced by chronic consumption of dietary fructose.
  
  
  METHODS
  EcN was genetically modified with fructose dehydrogenase (fdh) gene for conversion of fructose to 5-keto-D-fructose and mannitol-2-dehydrogenase (mtlK) gene for conversion to mannitol, a prebiotic. Charles foster rats weighing 150-200 g were fed with 20% fructose in drinking water for two months. Probiotic treatment of EcN (pqq), EcN (pqq-glf-mtlK), EcN (pqq-fdh) was given once per week 109 cells for two months. Furthermore, blood and liver parameters for oxidative stress, dyslipidemia and hyperglycemia were estimated. Fecal samples were collected to determine the production of short chain fatty acids and pyrroloquinoline quinone (PQQ) production.
  
  
  RESULTS
  EcN (pqq-glf-mtlK), EcN (pqq-fdh) transformants were confirmed by restriction digestion and functionality was checked by PQQ estimation and HPLC analysis. There was significant increase in body weight, serum glucose, liver injury markers, lipid profile in serum and liver, and decrease in antioxidant enzyme activity in high-fructose-fed rats. However the rats treated with EcN (pqq-glf-mtlK) and EcN (pqq-fdh) showed significant reduction in lipid peroxidation along with increase in serum and hepatic antioxidant enzyme activities. Restoration of liver injury marker enzymes was also seen. Increase in short chain fatty acids (SCFA) demonstrated the prebiotic effects of mannitol and gluconic acid.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our study demonstrated the effectiveness of probiotic EcN producing PQQ and fructose metabolizing enzymes against the fructose induced hepatic steatosis suggesting that its potential for use in treating fructose induced metabolic syndrome.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Maharaja Sayajirao University of Baroda, Vadodara-390002, India.
authors.forename: Chaudhari Archana
authors.initials: CA
authors.lastname: Somabhai
authors.affiliation: Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Maharaja Sayajirao University of Baroda, Vadodara-390002, India.
authors.forename: Ruma
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Raghuvanshi
authors.affiliation: Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Maharaja Sayajirao University of Baroda, Vadodara-390002, India.
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Nareshkumar
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D004926:Escherichia coli / Q000235:genetics / Q000502:physiology*; D005632:Fructose / Q000009:adverse effects*; D005818:Genetic Engineering / Q000379:methods*; D015227:Lipid Peroxidation / Q000187:drug effects; D008099:Liver / Q000378:metabolism; D018384:Oxidative Stress / Q000187:drug effects; D051381:Rats; D013401:Sugar Alcohol Dehydrogenases / Q000235:genetics*; D058616:Synbiotics / Q000008:administration & dosage*
chemical_list: D005632:Fructose; D013401:Sugar Alcohol Dehydrogenases