title: Selective Activation of Resting-State Networks following Focal Stimulation in a Connectome-Based Network Model of the Human Brain.
abstract: When the brain is stimulated, for example, by sensory inputs or goal-oriented tasks, the brain initially responds with activities in specific areas. The subsequent pattern formation of functional networks is constrained by the structural connectivity (SC) of the brain. The extent to which information is processed over short- or long-range SC is unclear. Whole-brain models based on long-range axonal connections, for example, can partly describe measured functional connectivity dynamics at rest. Here, we study the effect of SC on the network response to stimulation. We use a human whole-brain network model comprising long- and short-range connections. We systematically activate each cortical or thalamic area, and investigate the network response as a function of its short- and long-range SC. We show that when the brain is operating at the edge of criticality, stimulation causes a cascade of network recruitments, collapsing onto a smaller space that is partly constrained by SC. We found both short- and long-range SC essential to reproduce experimental results. In particular, the stimulation of specific areas results in the activation of one or more resting-state networks. We suggest that the stimulus-induced brain activity, which may indicate information and cognitive processing, follows specific routes imposed by structural networks explaining the emergence of functional networks. We provide a lookup table linking stimulation targets and functional network activations, which potentially can be useful in diagnostics and treatments with brain stimulation.
authors.affiliation: Institut de la Santé et de la Recherche Médical, Institut de Neurosciences des Systèmes UMR_S 1106, Aix Marseille Université , 13005 Marseille, France.
authors.forename: Andreas
authors.identifier: 0000-0002-6673-052X
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Spiegler
authors.affiliation: Institut de la Santé et de la Recherche Médical, Institut de Neurosciences des Systèmes UMR_S 1106, Aix Marseille Université , 13005 Marseille, France.
authors.forename: Enrique C A
authors.identifier: 0000-0003-3396-6701
authors.initials: EC
authors.lastname: Hansen
authors.affiliation: Institut de la Santé et de la Recherche Médical, Institut de Neurosciences des Systèmes UMR_S 1106, Aix Marseille Université , 13005 Marseille, France.
authors.forename: Christophe
authors.identifier: 0000-0003-3014-1966
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Bernard
authors.affiliation: Rotman Research Institute of Baycrest Center, University of Toronto , Toronto, Ontario M6A 2E1, Canada.
authors.forename: Anthony R
authors.identifier: 0000-0002-1784-5662
authors.initials: AR
authors.lastname: McIntosh
authors.affiliation: Institut de la Santé et de la Recherche Médical, Institut de Neurosciences des Systèmes UMR_S 1106, Aix Marseille Université , 13005 Marseille, France.
authors.forename: Viktor K
authors.identifier: 0000-0002-8251-8860
authors.initials: VK
authors.lastname: Jirsa
mesh_terms: D001921:Brain / Q000502:physiology*; D063132:Connectome; D004599:Electric Stimulation Therapy; D006801:Humans; D008959:Models, Neurological; D009434:Neural Pathways / Q000502:physiology; D012146:Rest; D013997:Time Factors; D050781:Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation
keywords: connectivity; connectome; criticality; network modeling; resting state; stimulation 