title: Production of the PET isotope11C in hadron therapy via neutron knockout.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Positron emitting isotopes such as11C and10C can be used for vital dose verification in hadron therapy. These isotopes are produced when the high energy12C primary beam particles undergo nuclear reactions within the patient.
  
  
  METHODS
  We discuss a model for calculating cross sections for the production11C in12C+12C collisions, applicable at hadron therapy energies.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Good agreement with the available cross section measurements is found for12C(-1n), though more detailed, systematic measurements would be very valuable.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Nuclear structure plays a crucial role in the reactions of light nuclei, particularly when those reactions are peripheral and involve only a few nucleons. For such reactions, nuclear structure has a strong influence on the energy and angular distribution of the cross section, and is an important consideration for reliable dose verification using11C in hadron therapy.
authors.affiliation: Department of Nuclear Physics, The Australian National University, Research School of Physics and Engineering, Canberra, ACT 2601, Australia. Electronic address: edward.simpson@anu.edu.au.
authors.forename: E C
authors.initials: EC
authors.lastname: Simpson
mesh_terms: D002250:Carbon Radioisotopes; D004601:Elementary Particles / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D009502:Neutrons; D049268:Positron-Emission Tomography
chemical_list: D002250:Carbon Radioisotopes
keywords: Hadron therapy; Nuclear reactions