title: Frontal Sinus Patency after Extended Frontal Sinusotomy Type III.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The surgical management of chronic frontal sinus disorders remains a challenge for rhinologists. The aim of this study was to evaluate the result of Draf III in a series of patients who underwent this procedure.
  
  
  METHODS
  Twenty patients were included in this study. Demographic data, history of prior surgery, asthma, aspirin sensitivity and Lund-Mackay score were recorded. A visual analog scale was used for frontal-related symptoms. Patients were followed for a mean duration of 17.5 months and the patency of the frontal sinus ostium was closely monitored.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Fifteen patients with chronic frontal sinusitis, two patients with mucoceles, two with malignancy, and one with osteoma underwent Draf III. The mean symptoms score significantly decreased from 5.9 to 3. No ostial closure was seen in the follow-up period. Among 15 patients with chronic frontal sinusitis, 12 had patent ostia of whom three had significant stenosis. All patients with mucocele and osteoma had patent ostia in the follow-up period but patients with sinonasal malignancy showed significant stenosis.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Draf III frontal sinusotomy is successful in alleviating patient symptoms and the frontal sinus neo-ostium will remain patent in long-term follow-up of most patients. Revision surgery will be required in some cases, which seems to be related to the nature of the underlying chronic sinus diseases.
authors.affiliation: Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Khatamolanbia Hospital, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, Zahedan, Iran.
authors.forename: Mansour
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Hajbeygi
authors.affiliation: Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Medical school, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
authors.forename: Ali
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Nadjafi
authors.affiliation: Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head Neck Surgery, Valiasr Hospital, Imam Khomeini Hospital Complex, Tehran, Iran.
authors.forename: Amin
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Amali
authors.affiliation: Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head Neck Surgery, Valiasr Hospital, Imam Khomeini Hospital Complex, Tehran, Iran.
authors.forename: Babak
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Saedi
authors.affiliation: Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head Neck Surgery, Valiasr Hospital, Imam Khomeini Hospital Complex, Tehran, Iran.
authors.forename: Seyed Mousa
authors.initials: SM
authors.lastname: Sadrehosseini
keywords: Draf; FESS; Frontal sinus; Polyposis; Sinusitis; Surgery