title: Newly Identified DDT-Related Compounds Accumulating in Southern California Bottlenose Dolphins.
abstract: Nontargeted GC×GC-TOF/MS analysis of blubber from 8 common bottlenose dolphins (Tursiops truncatus) inhabiting the Southern California Bight was performed to identify novel, bioaccumulative DDT-related compounds and to determine their abundance relative to the commonly studied DDT-related compounds. We identified 45 bioaccumulative DDT-related compounds of which the majority (80%) is not typically monitored in environmental media. Identified compounds include transformation products, technical mixture impurities such as tris(chlorophenyl)methane (TCPM), the presumed TCPM metabolite tris(chlorophenyl)methanol (TCPMOH), and structurally related compounds with unknown sources, such as hexa- to octachlorinated diphenylethene. To investigate impurities in pesticide mixtures as possible sources of these compounds, we analyzed technical DDT, the primary source of historical contamination in the region, and technical Dicofol, a current use pesticide that contains DDT-related compounds. The technical mixtures contained only 33% of the compounds identified in the blubber, suggesting that transformation products contribute to the majority of the load of DDT-related contaminants in these sentinels of ocean health. Quantitative analysis revealed that TCPM was the second most abundant compound class detected in the blubber, following DDE, and TCPMOH loads were greater than DDT. QSPR estimates verified 4,4',4″-TCPM and 4,4'4,″-TCPMOH are persistent and bioaccumulative.
authors.affiliation: Center for Oceans and Human Health, Scripps Institution of Oceanography, University of California, San Diego , La Jolla, California 92093, United States.|Graduate School of Public Health, San Diego State University , 5500 Campanile Drive, San Diego, California 92182, United States.|San Diego State University Research Foundation, 5250 Campanile Drive, San Diego, California 92182, United States.
authors.forename: Susan A
authors.initials: SA
authors.lastname: Mackintosh
authors.affiliation: Center for Oceans and Human Health, Scripps Institution of Oceanography, University of California, San Diego , La Jolla, California 92093, United States.|Graduate School of Public Health, San Diego State University , 5500 Campanile Drive, San Diego, California 92182, United States.|San Diego State University Research Foundation, 5250 Campanile Drive, San Diego, California 92182, United States.
authors.forename: Nathan G
authors.initials: NG
authors.lastname: Dodder
authors.affiliation: Center for Oceans and Human Health, Scripps Institution of Oceanography, University of California, San Diego , La Jolla, California 92093, United States.|Scripps Institution of Oceanography, University of California, San Diego , 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, California 92093, United States.
authors.forename: Nellie J
authors.initials: NJ
authors.lastname: Shaul
authors.affiliation: Center for Oceans and Human Health, Scripps Institution of Oceanography, University of California, San Diego , La Jolla, California 92093, United States.|Scripps Institution of Oceanography, University of California, San Diego , 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, California 92093, United States.
authors.forename: Lihini I
authors.initials: LI
authors.lastname: Aluwihare
authors.affiliation: Southern California Coastal Water Research Project Authority, 3535 Harbor Boulevard, Suite 110, Costa Mesa, California 92626, United States.
authors.forename: Keith A
authors.initials: KA
authors.lastname: Maruya
authors.affiliation: Marine Mammal & Turtle Division, Southwest Fisheries Science Center, National Marine Fisheries Service, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration , 8901 La Jolla Shores Drive, La Jolla, California 92037, United States.
authors.forename: Susan J
authors.initials: SJ
authors.lastname: Chivers
authors.affiliation: Marine Mammal & Turtle Division, Southwest Fisheries Science Center, National Marine Fisheries Service, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration , 8901 La Jolla Shores Drive, La Jolla, California 92037, United States.
authors.forename: Kerri
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Danil
authors.affiliation: Marine Mammal & Turtle Division, Southwest Fisheries Science Center, National Marine Fisheries Service, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration , 8901 La Jolla Shores Drive, La Jolla, California 92037, United States.
authors.forename: David W
authors.initials: DW
authors.lastname: Weller
authors.affiliation: Center for Oceans and Human Health, Scripps Institution of Oceanography, University of California, San Diego , La Jolla, California 92093, United States.|Graduate School of Public Health, San Diego State University , 5500 Campanile Drive, San Diego, California 92182, United States.
authors.forename: Eunha
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Hoh
mesh_terms: D000273:Adipose Tissue / Q000737:chemistry; D000818:Animals; D050681:Bottle-Nosed Dolphin / Q000378:metabolism*; D002140:California; D003634:DDT / Q000378:metabolism*; D004289:Dolphins; D004784:Environmental Monitoring; D008401:Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical
chemical_list: D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical; D003634:DDT