title: Silica nanoparticles doped with anthraquinone for lung cancer phototherapy.
abstract: In the present study, SiO2nanoparticles functionalized with 3-(2-aminoethylamino)propyl group (SiNP-AAP) were used, for the first time, to covalently bond rose bengal (SiNP-AAP-RB) or 9,10-anthraquinone-2-carboxylic acid (SiNP-AAP-OCAq). The functionalized SiNP were characterized by: Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM); elemental analysis (CHN) for determination of the dye concentration; FTIR and UV-vis diffuse reflectance (DR-UV-vis) and a surface area study (BET). The functionalized SiNPs were applied in photodynamic therapy (PDT) against lung cancer cell lines. The evaluated cytotoxicity revealed 20-30% cell survival after 15min of PDT for both materials but the OCAq concentration was half of the RB nanomaterial. The phototoxicity was mainly related to oxidative stress generated in the cellular environment by singlet oxygen and by hydrogen abstraction as confirmed by the laser flash photolysis technique. The unprecedented results indicate that SiNP-AAP-OCAq is a possible system for promoting cell apoptosis by both type I and type II mechanisms.
authors.affiliation: Instituto de Química, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, CT, Bloco A, Cidade Universitária, Ilha do Fundão, CEP 21941-909, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil.
authors.forename: Ronaldo Custodio
authors.initials: RC
authors.lastname: de Souza Oliveira
authors.affiliation: Instituto de Química, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, CT, Bloco A, Cidade Universitária, Ilha do Fundão, CEP 21941-909, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil.
authors.forename: Rodrigo José
authors.initials: RJ
authors.lastname: Corrêa
authors.affiliation: Instituto de Química, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, CT, Bloco A, Cidade Universitária, Ilha do Fundão, CEP 21941-909, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil.
authors.forename: Raquel Simas Pereira
authors.initials: RS
authors.lastname: Teixeira
authors.affiliation: Instituto de Química, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, CT, Bloco A, Cidade Universitária, Ilha do Fundão, CEP 21941-909, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil.
authors.forename: Daniela Dias
authors.initials: DD
authors.lastname: Queiroz
authors.affiliation: Instituto de Química, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, CT, Bloco A, Cidade Universitária, Ilha do Fundão, CEP 21941-909, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil.
authors.forename: Rodrigo
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: da Silva Souza
authors.affiliation: Instituto de Química, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, CT, Bloco A, Cidade Universitária, Ilha do Fundão, CEP 21941-909, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil.
authors.forename: Simon John
authors.initials: SJ
authors.lastname: Garden
authors.affiliation: Instituto de Química, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, CT, Bloco A, Cidade Universitária, Ilha do Fundão, CEP 21941-909, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil.
authors.forename: Nanci Camara
authors.initials: NC
authors.lastname: de Lucas
authors.affiliation: Instituto de Química, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, CT, Bloco A, Cidade Universitária, Ilha do Fundão, CEP 21941-909, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil.
authors.forename: Marcos Dias
authors.initials: MD
authors.lastname: Pereira
authors.affiliation: Instituto de Química, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, CT, Bloco A, Cidade Universitária, Ilha do Fundão, CEP 21941-909, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil.
authors.forename: Josué Sebastián
authors.initials: JS
authors.lastname: Bello Forero
authors.affiliation: Departmento de Física, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio de Janeiro (PUC-Rio), Rio de Janeiro 22451-900, Brazil.
authors.forename: Eric Cardona
authors.initials: EC
authors.lastname: Romani
authors.affiliation: Instituto de Química, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, CT, Bloco A, Cidade Universitária, Ilha do Fundão, CEP 21941-909, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil. Electronic address: emersonsr@iq.ufrj.br.
authors.forename: Emerson Schwingel
authors.initials: ES
authors.lastname: Ribeiro
mesh_terms: D000230:Adenocarcinoma / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000473:pathology; D000880:Anthraquinones / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D045744:Cell Line, Tumor; D004337:Drug Carriers; D006801:Humans; D008175:Lung Neoplasms / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000469:parasitology; D008855:Microscopy, Electron, Scanning; D046529:Microscopy, Electron, Transmission; D053758:Nanoparticles / Q000737:chemistry*; D017319:Photosensitizing Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D012395:Rose Bengal / Q000032:analysis; D012822:Silicon Dioxide / Q000737:chemistry*; D013056:Spectrophotometry, Ultraviolet; D017550:Spectroscopy, Fourier Transform Infrared
chemical_list: D000880:Anthraquinones; D004337:Drug Carriers; D017319:Photosensitizing Agents; C042834:9,10-anthraquinone; D012395:Rose Bengal; D012822:Silicon Dioxide
keywords: 9,10-Anthraquinone-2-carboxylic acid; Functionalized SiO(2) nanoparticles; Lung cancer cell lines; Photodynamic therapy; Rose bengal; Singlet oxygen