title: The Incidence of Acute Kidney Injury and Its Effect on Neonatal and Pediatric Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation Outcomes: A Multicenter Report From the Kidney Intervention During Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation Study Group.
abstract: In a population of neonatal and pediatric patients on extracorporeal membrane oxygenation; to describe the prevalence and timing of acute kidney injury utilizing a consensus acute kidney injury definition and investigate the association of acute kidney injury with outcomes (length of extracorporeal membrane oxygenation and mortality).
  
  
  
  Multicenter retrospective observational cohort study.
  
  
  
  Six pediatric extracorporeal membrane oxygenation centers.
  
  
  
  Pediatric patients (age, < 18 yr) on extracorporeal membrane oxygenation at six centers during a period of January 1, 2007, to December 31, 2011.
  
  
  
  None.
  
  
  
  Complete data were analyzed for 832 patients on extracorporeal membrane oxygenation. Sixty percent of patients had acute kidney injury utilizing the serum creatinine Kidney Disease Improving Global Outcomes criteria (AKI) and 74% had acute kidney injury using the full Kidney Disease Improving Global Outcomes criteria including renal support therapy (AKI). Of those who developed acute kidney injury, it was present at extracorporeal membrane oxygenation initiation in a majority of cases (52% AKI and 65% AKI) and present by 48 hours of extracorporeal membrane oxygenation support in 86% (AKI) and 93% (AKI). When adjusted for patient age, center of support, mode of support, patient complications and preextracorporeal membrane oxygenation pH, the presence of acute kidney injury by either criteria was associated with a significantly longer duration of extracorporeal membrane oxygenation support (AKI, 152 vs 110 hr; AKI, 153 vs 99 hr) and increased adjusted odds of mortality at hospital discharge (AKI: odds ratio, 1.77; 1.22-2.55 and AKI: odds ratio, 2.50; 1.61-3.90). With the addition of renal support therapy to the model, acute kidney injury was associated with a longer duration of extracorporeal membrane oxygenation support (AKI, 149 vs 121 hr) and increased risk of mortality at hospital discharge (AKI: odds ratio, 1.52; 1.04-2.21).
  
  
  
  Acute kidney injury is present in 60-74% of neonatal-pediatric patients supported on extracorporeal membrane oxygenation and is present by 48 hours of extracorporeal membrane oxygenation support in 86-93% of cases. Acute kidney injury has a significant association with increased duration of extracorporeal membrane oxygenation support and increased adjusted odds of mortality at hospital discharge.
authors.affiliation: 1Department of Pediatrics, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN.2Division of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, Department of Pediatrics, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH.3Department of Pediatrics, McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, QC, Canada.4Department of Pediatrics, University of Alabama Birmingham, Birmingham, AL.5Department of Pediatrics, Emory University, Atlanta, GA.6Department of Pediatrics and Communicable Diseases, University of Michigan School of Medicine, Ann Arbor, MI.7Department of Pediatrics, The Heart Institute, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH.
authors.forename: Geoffrey M
authors.initials: GM
authors.lastname: Fleming
authors.forename: Rashmi
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Sahay
authors.forename: Michael
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Zappitelli
authors.forename: Eileen
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: King
authors.forename: David J
authors.initials: DJ
authors.lastname: Askenazi
authors.forename: Brian C
authors.initials: BC
authors.lastname: Bridges
authors.forename: Matthew L
authors.initials: ML
authors.lastname: Paden
authors.forename: David T
authors.initials: DT
authors.lastname: Selewski
authors.forename: David S
authors.initials: DS
authors.lastname: Cooper
mesh_terms: D058186:Acute Kidney Injury / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000209:etiology; D000293:Adolescent; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D016638:Critical Illness; D015199:Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation / Q000401:mortality; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D015994:Incidence; D007223:Infant; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D016014:Linear Models; D008297:Male; D017063:Outcome Assessment, Health Care; D011379:Prognosis; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D013997:Time Factors