title: Acute effects of a single dose of tocotrienols on insulinemic and inflammatory responses in metabolic syndrome subjects after a high-fat challenge.
abstract: Evidence shows that tocotrienols potentially reverse various chronic disease progressions caused by the metabolic syndrome. We aimed to investigate the acute effects of a single-dose supplementation of gamma and delta tocotrienols (γδ-T3, 1:4 ratio) compared with those in placebo on the insulinemic, anti-inflammatory and anti-thrombogenic responses in metabolic syndrome subjects.
  
  
  
  Thirty metabolic syndrome subjects (15 men and 15 women) were recruited to a randomized, double-blinded and crossover study. The subjects were administered a single dose of 200 mg or 400 mg γδ-T3 emulsions or placebo incorporated into a glass of strawberry-flavored milkshake, consumed together with a high-fat muffin. Blood samples were collected at 0, 5, 15, 30, 60, 90, 120, 180, 240, 300 and 360 min after meal intake.
  
  
  
  Plasma vitamin E levels reflected the absorption of γδ-T3 after treatments. Postprandial changes in serum C-peptide, serum insulin, plasma glucose, triacylglycerol, non-esterified fatty acid and adiponectin did not differ between treatments, with women displaying delayed increase in the aforementioned markers. No significant difference between treatments was observed for plasma cytokines (interleukin-1 beta, interleukin-6 and tumor necrosis factor alpha) and thrombogenic markers (plasminogen activator inhibitor type 1 and D-dimer).
  
  
  
  Supplementation of a single dose of γδ-T3 did not change the insulinemic, anti-inflammatory and anti-thrombogenic responses in metabolic syndrome subjects.
authors.affiliation: Nutrition Unit, Division of Product Development and Advisory Services, Malaysian Palm Oil Board, Kajang, Malaysia.|Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Malaya Centre for Proteomics Research (UMCPR), Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
authors.forename: H-L
authors.initials: HL
authors.lastname: Che
authors.affiliation: Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Malaya Centre for Proteomics Research (UMCPR), Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
authors.forename: M S
authors.initials: MS
authors.lastname: Kanthimathi
authors.affiliation: Nutrition Unit, Division of Product Development and Advisory Services, Malaysian Palm Oil Board, Kajang, Malaysia.
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Loganathan
authors.affiliation: School of Pharmaceutical Science, University of Science Malaysia, Minden, Malaysia.
authors.forename: K H
authors.initials: KH
authors.lastname: Yuen
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
authors.forename: A T B
authors.initials: AT
authors.lastname: Tan
authors.affiliation: Nutrition Unit, Division of Product Development and Advisory Services, Malaysian Palm Oil Board, Kajang, Malaysia.
authors.forename: K R
authors.initials: KR
authors.lastname: Selvaduray
authors.affiliation: Nutrition Unit, Division of Product Development and Advisory Services, Malaysian Palm Oil Board, Kajang, Malaysia.
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Nesaretnam
authors.affiliation: Nutrition Unit, Division of Product Development and Advisory Services, Malaysian Palm Oil Board, Kajang, Malaysia.
authors.forename: K-T
authors.initials: KT
authors.lastname: Teng
mesh_terms: D052242:Adiponectin / Q000097:blood; D000328:Adult; D000893:Anti-Inflammatory Agents / Q000494:pharmacology; D001786:Blood Glucose / Q000187:drug effects; D002096:C-Peptide / Q000097:blood; D018592:Cross-Over Studies; D059305:Diet, High-Fat / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000379:methods; D019587:Dietary Supplements; D004311:Double-Blind Method; D005230:Fatty Acids, Nonesterified / Q000097:blood; D005260:Female; D005343:Fibrinolytic Agents / Q000494:pharmacology; D006801:Humans; D007328:Insulin / Q000097:blood; D008297:Male; D024821:Metabolic Syndrome / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000628:therapy*; D008875:Middle Aged; D019518:Postprandial Period / Q000187:drug effects*; D024508:Tocotrienols / Q000494:pharmacology*; D014280:Triglycerides / Q000097:blood; D014810:Vitamin E / Q000097:blood; D014815:Vitamins / Q000494:pharmacology*; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: C499918:ADIPOQ protein, human; D052242:Adiponectin; D000893:Anti-Inflammatory Agents; D001786:Blood Glucose; D002096:C-Peptide; D005230:Fatty Acids, Nonesterified; D005343:Fibrinolytic Agents; D007328:Insulin; D024508:Tocotrienols; D014280:Triglycerides; D014815:Vitamins; D014810:Vitamin E