title: Application of UV Imaging in Formulation Development.
abstract: Efficient drug delivery is dependent on the drug substance dissolving in the body fluids, being released from dosage forms and transported to the site of action. A fundamental understanding of the interplay between the physicochemical properties of the active compound and pharmaceutical excipients defining formulation behavior after exposure to the aqueous environments and pharmaceutical performance is critical in pharmaceutical development, manufacturing and quality control of drugs. UV imaging has been explored as a tool for qualitative and quantitative characterization of drug dissolution and release with the characteristic feature of providing real-time visualization of the solution phase drug transport in the vicinity of the formulation. Events occurring during drug dissolution and release, such as polymer swelling, drug precipitation/recrystallization, or solvent-mediated phase transitions related to the structural properties of the drug substance or formulation can be monitored. UV imaging is a non-intrusive and simple-to-operate analytical technique which holds potential for providing a mechanistic foundation for formulation development. This review aims to cover applications of UV imaging in the early and late phase pharmaceutical development with a special focus on the relation between structural properties and performance. Potential areas of future advancement and application are also discussed.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 2, DK-2100, Copenhagen Ø, Denmark.
authors.forename: Yu
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Sun
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 2, DK-2100, Copenhagen Ø, Denmark. jesper.ostergaard@sund.ku.dk.
authors.forename: Jesper
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Østergaard
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002626:Chemistry, Pharmaceutical / Q000379:methods; D065546:Drug Liberation; D005079:Excipients / Q000737:chemistry; D006801:Humans; D004364:Pharmaceutical Preparations / Q000737:chemistry*; D011108:Polymers / Q000737:chemistry; D012995:Solubility; D013056:Spectrophotometry, Ultraviolet / Q000379:methods
chemical_list: D005079:Excipients; D004364:Pharmaceutical Preparations; D011108:Polymers
keywords: UV imaging; diffusion; dissolution; drug release; solid state