title: Transformation of Lettuce with rol ABC Genes: Extracts Show Enhanced Antioxidant, Analgesic, Anti-Inflammatory, Antidepressant, and Anticoagulant Activities in Rats.
abstract: Lettuce is an edible crop that is well known for dietary and antioxidant benefits. The present study was conducted to investigate the effects of rol ABC genes on antioxidant and medicinal potential of lettuce by Agrobacterium-mediated transformation. Transgene integration and expression was confirmed through PCR and real-time RT-PCR, respectively. The transformed plants showed 91-102 % increase in total phenolic contents and 53-65 % increase in total flavonoid contents compared to untransformed plants. Total antioxidant capacity and total reducing power increased up to 112 and 133 % in transformed plants, respectively. Results of DPPH assay showed maximum 51 % increase, and lipid peroxidation assay exhibited 20 % increase in antioxidant activity of transformed plants compared to controls. Different in vivo assays were carried out in rats. The transgenic plants showed up to 80 % inhibition in both hot plate analgesic assay and carrageenan-induced hind paw edema test, while untransformed plants showed only 45 % inhibition. Antidepressant and anticoagulant potential of transformed plants was also significantly enhanced compared to untransformed plants. Taken together, the present work highlights the use of rol genes to enhance the secondary metabolite production in lettuce and improve its analgesic, anti-inflammatory, antidepressant, and anticoagulatory properties.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Gujrat, Gujrat, 50700, Pakistan.
authors.forename: Hammad
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Ismail
authors.affiliation: Department of Bioinformatics and Biosciences, Capital University of Science and Technology, Islamabad, Pakistan.
authors.forename: Erum
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Dilshad
authors.affiliation: Department of Biochemistry, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, 45320, Pakistan.
authors.forename: Mohammad Tahir
authors.initials: MT
authors.lastname: Waheed
authors.affiliation: Department of Biochemistry, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, 45320, Pakistan. bushramirza@qau.edu.pk.
authors.forename: Bushra
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Mirza
mesh_terms: D000700:Analgesics / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology; D000818:Animals; D000893:Anti-Inflammatory Agents / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology; D000925:Anticoagulants / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology; D000928:Antidepressive Agents / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology; D001426:Bacterial Proteins / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000235:genetics; D005260:Female; D018545:Lactuca / Q000737:chemistry / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D008297:Male; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology; D030821:Plants, Genetically Modified / Q000737:chemistry / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D051381:Rats; D014170:Transformation, Genetic; D001617:beta-Glucosidase / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000235:genetics
chemical_list: D000700:Analgesics; D000893:Anti-Inflammatory Agents; D000925:Anticoagulants; D000928:Antidepressive Agents; D001426:Bacterial Proteins; D010936:Plant Extracts; C096589:rolA protein, Agrobacterium rhizogenes; C092241:RolB protein, Agrobacterium rhizogenes; D001617:beta-Glucosidase
keywords: Analgesic; Anti-inflammatory; Anticoagulant; Antidepressant; Antioxidants; Lactuca sativa; rol genes