title: Formation of swift heavy ion tracks on a rutile TiO2(001) surface.
abstract: Nanostructuring of surfaces and two-dimensional materials using swift heavy ions offers some unique possibilities owing to the deposition of a large amount of energy localized within a nanoscale volume surrounding the ion trajectory. To fully exploit this feature, the morphology of nanostructures formed after ion impact has to be known in detail. In the present work the response of a rutile TiO2(001) surface to grazing-incidence swift heavy ion irradiation is investigated. Surface ion tracks with the well known intermittent inner structure were successfully produced using 23 MeV I ions. Samples irradiated with different ion fluences were investigated using atomic force microscopy and grazing-incidence small-angle X-ray scattering. With these two complementary approaches, a detailed description of the swift heavy ion impact sites,i.e.the ion tracks on the surface, can be obtained even for the case of multiple ion track overlap. In addition to the structural investigation of surface ion tracks, the change in stoichiometry of the rutile TiO2(001) surface during swift heavy ion irradiation was monitored usingin situtime-of-flight elastic recoil detection analysis, and a preferential loss of oxygen was found.
authors.affiliation: Ruđer Bošković Institute , Bijenička cesta 54, Zagreb, 10000, Croatia.
authors.forename: Marko
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Karlušić
authors.affiliation: Elettra-Sincrotrone Trieste , SS 14 km 163.5, Basovizza, 34149, Italy.
authors.forename: Sigrid
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Bernstorff
authors.affiliation: Ruđer Bošković Institute , Bijenička cesta 54, Zagreb, 10000, Croatia.
authors.forename: Zdravko
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Siketić
authors.affiliation: Ruđer Bošković Institute , Bijenička cesta 54, Zagreb, 10000, Croatia.
authors.forename: Branko
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Šantić
authors.affiliation: Ruđer Bošković Institute , Bijenička cesta 54, Zagreb, 10000, Croatia.
authors.forename: Ivančica
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Bogdanović-Radović
authors.affiliation: Ruđer Bošković Institute , Bijenička cesta 54, Zagreb, 10000, Croatia.
authors.forename: Milko
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Jakšić
authors.affiliation: Fakultät für Physik and CENIDE, Universität Duisburg-Essen , Lotharstrasse 1, Duisburg, 47048, Germany.
authors.forename: Marika
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Schleberger
authors.affiliation: Ruđer Bošković Institute , Bijenička cesta 54, Zagreb, 10000, Croatia.
authors.forename: Maja
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Buljan
keywords: GISAXS; TiO2; atomic force microscopy; elastic recoil detection analysis; grazing-incidence small-angle X-ray scattering; ion tracks; rutile; swift heavy ions