title: Practical experience and challenges in the operation of medical cyclotron.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The aim of this article was to share 10 years of operational experience of medical cyclotron and to provide working knowledge on the same. This experience has helped us gain working knowledge on cyclotron operation with practical points, which may help in improving F yield, minimizing the breakdown time, and help in the prevention of the occurrence of unusual events.
  
  
  METHODS
  Our facility has a self-shielded radioisotope delivery system eclipse 111 medical cyclotron with an 11 MeV proton beam in use for the past 10 years to produce positron emitters - namely, F, N, and F-2 gas - for PET imaging. During F production, we have followed a set protocol comprising the following: monitoring target pressure, rinsing the target with O water just immediately after bombardment, ion source feedback, radiofrequency (RF) feedback, and recording any unusual events that occurred during the operation. Besides this, enrichment of O water, target volume, target current, energy of the beam, variation in argon pressure on the target, bombardment duration, target status (new or old target or total number of previous bombardments on the same target), status of the delivery lines from target to the radiochemistry module (old or new) were also recorded.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Rinsing with O water immediately after bombardment increases the life of the target and delivery line. The frequent problems encountered were with the ion source, RF, and target foil rupture. These problems were solved by rebuilding the ion source, changing the fuse of RF, and rebuilding the target.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  F yield can be increased by rinsing with O water immediately after bombardment. The effect of target leak - that is, rupture of vacuum window - can be avoided by immediate stoppage of bombardment.
authors.affiliation: aDepartment of Nuclear Medicine and PET Cyclotron Facility, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi bDepartment of Physics, Shivaji University, Kolhapur, Maharashtra, India.
authors.forename: Rajeev
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Kumar
authors.forename: Rajendra G
authors.initials: RG
authors.lastname: Sonkawade
authors.forename: Anil K
authors.initials: AK
authors.lastname: Pandey
authors.forename: Madhavi
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Tripathi
authors.forename: Nishikant A
authors.initials: NA
authors.lastname: Damle
authors.forename: Praveen
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Kumar
authors.forename: Chandra S
authors.initials: CS
authors.lastname: Bal
mesh_terms: D017357:Cyclotrons; D005462:Fluorine Radioisotopes / Q000302:isolation & purification; D006801:Humans; D007194:India; D008283:Maintenance / Q000379:methods; D009590:Nitrogen Radioisotopes / Q000302:isolation & purification; D009683:Nuclear Medicine / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods; D010100:Oxygen; D049268:Positron-Emission Tomography / Q000379:methods; D019275:Radiopharmaceuticals / Q000302:isolation & purification; D014867:Water
chemical_list: D005462:Fluorine Radioisotopes; D009590:Nitrogen Radioisotopes; D019275:Radiopharmaceuticals; D014867:Water; D010100:Oxygen