title: Identification of compounds from non-polar fractions of Blechnum spp and a multitarget approach involving enzymatic modulation and oxidative stress.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The hexane (HEX) and dichloromethane (DCM) fractions from Blechnum binervatum, Blechnum brasiliense and Blechnum occidentale were studied about phytochemicals and biological properties using multitarget approach.
  
  
  METHODS
  The chemical composition was performed by gas chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry detector (GC-MS) analysis. Antioxidant capacity was evaluated against free radicals and on lipid peroxidation. Monoamine oxidases (MAO) and cholinesterases enzymatic modulation, as well as effects on rat and human cells, were assessed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The CG-MS analysis allowed the identification of a non-polar compound series, being neophytadiene the major constituent in all DCM fractions and in HEX fractions from B. binervatum and B. occidentale. In B. brasiliense HEX fraction, β-sitosterol was the main compound. In general, B. brasiliense DCM fraction presented the highest antioxidant activity, with IC50values around 9, 2 and 1.2 times lower than those found for the other species, against HO˙, NO˙ and on lipid peroxidation, respectively. Regarding enzyme modulations, B. brasiliense DCM fraction presented higher MAO-A inhibition (IC50: 31.83 μg/ml), with a better selectivity index (SI MAO-A/MAO-B: 6.77). The lack of harmful effects was observed in rat cells, also highlighted in the stem cells for all Blechnum samples.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These findings encourage the search for multibinding natural products, mainly from B. brasiliense DCM fraction.
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil.
authors.forename: Juliana Maria de Mello
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Andrade
authors.affiliation: Hematology and Stem Cell Laboratory, Faculty of Pharmacy, UFRGS, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil.
authors.forename: Natasha
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Maurmann
authors.affiliation: Hematology and Stem Cell Laboratory, Faculty of Pharmacy, UFRGS, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil.|Stem Cell Research Institute, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil.
authors.forename: Patricia
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Pranke
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo (USP), Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil.
authors.forename: Izabel Cristina Casanova
authors.initials: IC
authors.lastname: Turatti
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo (USP), Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil.
authors.forename: Norberto Peporine
authors.initials: NP
authors.lastname: Lopes
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil.
authors.forename: Amélia T
authors.initials: AT
authors.lastname: Henriques
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000975:Antioxidants / Q000032:analysis / Q000494:pharmacology*; D029624:Ferns / Q000737:chemistry*; D008401:Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry; D006801:Humans; D015227:Lipid Peroxidation / Q000187:drug effects; D008297:Male; D008995:Monoamine Oxidase / Q000378:metabolism; D008996:Monoamine Oxidase Inhibitors / Q000032:analysis / Q000494:pharmacology*; D018384:Oxidative Stress / Q000187:drug effects*; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology*; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D012855:Sitosterols / Q000032:analysis / Q000494:pharmacology*; D013045:Species Specificity; D013729:Terpenes / Q000032:analysis*
chemical_list: D000975:Antioxidants; D008996:Monoamine Oxidase Inhibitors; D010936:Plant Extracts; D012855:Sitosterols; D013729:Terpenes; C025473:gamma-sitosterol; D008995:Monoamine Oxidase
keywords: 
  Blechnum
  ; antioxidant; monoamine oxidase inhibitors; stem cells; volatile organic compounds