title: Oral administration of Lentinus edodes β-glucans ameliorates DSS-induced ulcerative colitis in mice via MAPK-Elk-1 and MAPK-PPARγ pathways.
abstract: To evaluate the anti-inflammatory effect of β-glucans from Lentinus edodes, and its molecular mechanism, the dextran sulfate sodium salt (DSS) induced colitis model of mice and the LPS-stimulated RAW264.7 cell inflammation model were used in this study. 40 ICR male mice were randomly divided into 4 groups: Control, DSS (DSS treated only), DSS + low-βGs (500 mg kg-1d-1) and DSS + high-βGs (1000 mg kg-1d-1). The body weight of the mice with Lentinus edodes β-glucan supplementation increased significantly compared to the DSS group and the disease activity index (DAI) was improved in both βG-treated groups. Compared with the DSS group, histopathological analysis showed that the infiltration of inflammatory cells of both βG-treated groups decreased significantly in colonic tissues. Furthermore, oral administration of β-glucans decreases the concentration of malondialdehyde (MDA) and myeloperoxidase (MPO) and inhibits the expression of iNOS and several inflammatory factors: TNF-α, IL-1β and IL-6 as well as nitric oxide (NO) of the colonic tissues. The mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathway is closely related to the expression of pro-inflammatory factors. In the DSS-induced colitis model and the LPS-stimulated RAW264.7 cell model, βGs inhibited the expression of pro-inflammatory factors and blocked the phosphorylation of JNK/ERK1/2 and p38; βGs also suppress the phosphorylation of Elk-1 at Ser84 and the phosphorylation of PPARγ at Ser112. Altogether, these results suggest that Lentinus edodes βGs could inhibit the DSS-induced ulcerative colitis and decrease inflammatory factor expressions. The molecular mechanism may be involved in suppressing MAPK signaling and inactivation of Elk-1 and activation of PPARγ.
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Molecular Nutrition, College of Food Science and Engineering, National Engineering Laboratory for Rice and Byproduct Deep Processing, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha, 410004, PR China. luofeijun@hotmail.com.
authors.forename: Limin
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Shi
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Molecular Nutrition, College of Food Science and Engineering, National Engineering Laboratory for Rice and Byproduct Deep Processing, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha, 410004, PR China. luofeijun@hotmail.com.
authors.forename: Qinlu
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Lin
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Molecular Nutrition, College of Food Science and Engineering, National Engineering Laboratory for Rice and Byproduct Deep Processing, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha, 410004, PR China. luofeijun@hotmail.com.
authors.forename: Tao
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Molecular Nutrition, College of Food Science and Engineering, National Engineering Laboratory for Rice and Byproduct Deep Processing, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha, 410004, PR China. luofeijun@hotmail.com.
authors.forename: Ying
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Nie
authors.affiliation: Department of Gastroenterology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, PR China.
authors.forename: Xinhua
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Molecular Nutrition, College of Food Science and Engineering, National Engineering Laboratory for Rice and Byproduct Deep Processing, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha, 410004, PR China. luofeijun@hotmail.com.
authors.forename: Bo
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Molecular Nutrition, College of Food Science and Engineering, National Engineering Laboratory for Rice and Byproduct Deep Processing, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha, 410004, PR China. luofeijun@hotmail.com.
authors.forename: Junjun
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Shen
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Molecular Nutrition, College of Food Science and Engineering, National Engineering Laboratory for Rice and Byproduct Deep Processing, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha, 410004, PR China. luofeijun@hotmail.com.
authors.forename: Ying
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Liang
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Molecular Nutrition, College of Food Science and Engineering, National Engineering Laboratory for Rice and Byproduct Deep Processing, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha, 410004, PR China. luofeijun@hotmail.com.
authors.forename: Yiping
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Tang
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Molecular Nutrition, College of Food Science and Engineering, National Engineering Laboratory for Rice and Byproduct Deep Processing, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha, 410004, PR China. luofeijun@hotmail.com.
authors.forename: Feijun
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Luo
mesh_terms: D000284:Administration, Oral; D000818:Animals; D003093:Colitis, Ulcerative / Q000139:chemically induced* / Q000188:drug therapy*; D016264:Dextran Sulfate / Q000633:toxicity*; D005786:Gene Expression Regulation / Q000187:drug effects; D008297:Male; D008315:Malondialdehyde / Q000378:metabolism; D051379:Mice; D008813:Mice, Inbred ICR; D020929:Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase Kinases / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D009569:Nitric Oxide / Q000378:metabolism; D047495:PPAR gamma / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D009195:Peroxidase / Q000378:metabolism; D011897:Random Allocation; D020942:Shiitake Mushrooms / Q000737:chemistry*; D047071:beta-Glucans / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology*; D050807:ets-Domain Protein Elk-1 / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: C494113:Elk1 protein, mouse; D047495:PPAR gamma; D047071:beta-Glucans; D050807:ets-Domain Protein Elk-1; D009569:Nitric Oxide; D008315:Malondialdehyde; D016264:Dextran Sulfate; D009195:Peroxidase; D020929:Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase Kinases