title: Exercise training effects on elderly and middle-age patients with chronic heart failure after acute decompensation: A randomized, controlled trial.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of exercise training on cardiac function in heart failure (HF) patients recently suffering from acute decompensation. Radionuclide ambulatory ventricular function monitoring (VEST) was used to detect variations in cardiac hemodynamics during training period.
  
  
  METHODS
  This was a monocentric, randomized, controlled trial. We enrolled 72 HF patients [left ventricle ejection fraction (LVEF) <40%] within two weeks after acute cardiogenic pulmonary edema: 40 in the elderly group, 32 in the middle-aged group. Trained patients underwent a specific four-weeks exercise program (closed-chain resistive activities and abdominal exercises) which was supervised by a therapist in agreement with patients' characteristics. Catecholamines at rest, echocardiography, right-heart catheterization, and bicycle ergometer were performed. VEST was performed at the end of the 4weeks-training in all patients in order to assess patients' cardiac hemodynamics [LVEF, cardiac output (CO), stroke volume].
  
  
  RESULTS
  Exercise training significantly improved exercise duration, peak oxygen consumption, and ventilatory threshold both in elderly and middle-aged patients (p<0.0001) after the 4-week controlled training. Despite age (F=35.086, p<0.0001; F=16.967, p<0.0001; F=42.574, p=0.03, respectively), training reliably influence previous cardiopulmonary parameters (F=29.402, F=16.421, F=26.80, p<0.0001, respectively). Norepinephrine and epinephrine were significantly reduced in both trained groups. Peak LVEF (37.3±4.7% vs 34±6.2%, p=0.002), peak stroke volume (43.3±3.9% vs 37.5±4.3%, p=0.001), and peak CO (63.4±6.1% vs 48.2±4.7%, p<0.0001) increased in middle-aged patients after 4-week training.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Exercise training improves cardiac performance indexes and pulmonary function in both middle-aged and elderly HF patients early after an acute episode of cardiac decompensation.
authors.affiliation: Salvatore Maugeri Foundation, Institute of Care and Scientific Research, Rehabilitation Institute of Telese Terme, Benevento, Italy.
authors.forename: Domenico
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Acanfora
authors.affiliation: Section of Cardiovascular Diseases, Department of Emergency and Organ Transplantation, University of Bari, School of Medicine, Bari, Italy.
authors.forename: Pietro
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Scicchitano
authors.affiliation: San Francesco Hospital-Telese Terme (BN), Italy.
authors.forename: Gerardo
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Casucci
authors.affiliation: Salvatore Maugeri Foundation, Institute of Care and Scientific Research, Rehabilitation Institute of Telese Terme, Benevento, Italy.
authors.forename: Bernardo
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Lanzillo
authors.affiliation: Cardiovascular department Umberto I Hospital- Nocera inferiore ASL Salerno, Italy.
authors.forename: Nicola
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Capuano
authors.affiliation: Salvatore Maugeri Foundation, Institute of Care and Scientific Research, Rehabilitation Institute of Telese Terme, Benevento, Italy.
authors.forename: Giuseppe
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Furgi
authors.affiliation: Salvatore Maugeri Foundation, Institute of Care and Scientific Research, Rehabilitation Institute of Telese Terme, Benevento, Italy.
authors.forename: Chiara
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Acanfora
authors.affiliation: Salvatore Maugeri Foundation, Institute of Care and Scientific Research, Rehabilitation Institute of Telese Terme, Benevento, Italy.
authors.forename: Marialaura
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Longobardi
authors.affiliation: Institute of Internal Medicine, Università Campus Bio-Medico, School of Medicine, Rome, Italy.
authors.forename: Raffaele Antonelli
authors.initials: RA
authors.lastname: Incalzi
authors.affiliation: Salvatore Maugeri Foundation, Institute of Care and Scientific Research, Rehabilitation Institute of Telese Terme, Benevento, Italy.
authors.forename: Giuseppe
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Piscosquito
authors.affiliation: Section of Cardiovascular Diseases, Department of Emergency and Organ Transplantation, University of Bari, School of Medicine, Bari, Italy. Electronic address: marcomatteo.ciccone@uniba.it.
authors.forename: Marco Matteo
authors.initials: MM
authors.lastname: Ciccone
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D015444:Exercise / Q000502:physiology*; D005080:Exercise Test / Q000379:methods*; D005081:Exercise Therapy / Q000379:methods*; D017079:Exercise Tolerance / Q000502:physiology; D005260:Female; D006333:Heart Failure / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000628:therapy*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011446:Prospective Studies; D055070:Resistance Training / Q000379:methods*; D016896:Treatment Outcome
keywords: Acute decompensation; Elderly; Exercise training; Heart failure; Middle age