title: International clinical practice guidelines including guidance for direct oral anticoagulants in the treatment and prophylaxis of venous thromboembolism in patients with cancer.
abstract: Venous thromboembolism (VTE) is the second leading cause of death in patients with cancer. These patients are at an increased risk of developing VTE and are more likely to have a recurrence of VTE and bleeding while taking anticoagulants. Management of VTE in patients with cancer is a major therapeutic challenge and remains suboptimal worldwide. In 2013, the International Initiative on Thrombosis and Cancer (ITAC-CME), established to reduce the global burden of VTE in patients with cancer, published international guidelines for the treatment and prophylaxis of VTE and central venous catheter-associated thrombosis. The rapid global adoption of direct oral anticoagulants for management of VTE in patients with cancer is an emerging treatment trend that needs to be addressed based on the current level of evidence. In this Review, we provide an update of the ITAC-CME consensus recommendations based on a systematic review of the literature ranked according to the Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development, and Evaluation scale. These guidelines aim to address in-hospital and outpatient cancer-associated VTE in specific subgroups of patients with cancer.
authors.affiliation: Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Internal Medicine: Autoimmune and Vascular Disease Unit, Saint-Louis Hospital, Paris, France; Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris 7 Diderot University, Paris, France. Electronic address: dominique.farge-bancel@aphp.fr.
authors.forename: Dominique
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Farge
authors.affiliation: Division of Angiology and Hemostasis, University Hospitals of Geneva and Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland.
authors.forename: Henri
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Bounameaux
authors.affiliation: Department of Hematology and Bone Marrow Transplantation, Rambam Health Care Campus, Bruce Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Technion, Haifa, Israel.
authors.forename: Benjamin
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Brenner
authors.affiliation: Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Service d'oncologie, Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris, France.
authors.forename: Francis
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Cajfinger
authors.affiliation: Institut Sainte Catherine, Avignon, France.
authors.forename: Philippe
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Debourdeau
authors.affiliation: Taussig Cancer Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA.
authors.forename: Alok A
authors.initials: AA
authors.lastname: Khorana
authors.affiliation: Clinical Division of Hematology and Hemostaseology, Department of Internal Medicine, Medical University Vienna, Vienna, Austria.
authors.forename: Ingrid
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Pabinger
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada.
authors.forename: Susan
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Solymoss
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada.
authors.forename: James
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Douketis
authors.affiliation: Thrombosis Research Institute, London, UK; University College London, London, UK.
authors.forename: Ajay
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Kakkar
mesh_terms: D000284:Administration, Oral; D000925:Anticoagulants / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D002405:Catheterization, Central Venous / Q000009:adverse effects; D006801:Humans; D009369:Neoplasms / Q000150:complications*; D017410:Practice Guidelines as Topic; D054556:Venous Thromboembolism / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000517:prevention & control
chemical_list: D000925:Anticoagulants