title: High Levels of Decisional Conflict and Decision Regret When Making Decisions About Biologics.
abstract: The aim of the study was to understand the association between parents' perceptions of the decision process and the decision outcomes in decisions about the use of biologics in pediatric chronic conditions.
  
  
  
  We mailed surveys to parents of children with inflammatory bowel disease or juvenile idiopathic arthritis who had started treatment with biologics in the prior 2 years and were treated at either of 2 children's hospitals. The survey included measures of the decision process, including decision control and physician engagement, and decision outcomes, including conflict and regret. We used means and frequencies to assess the response distributions. General linear models were used to test the associations between decision process and decision outcomes.
  
  
  
  We had 201 respondents (response rate 54.9%). Approximately 47.0% reported using shared decision making. Each physician engagement behavior was experienced by the majority of parents, with the highest percentage reporting that their child's physician used language they understood and listened to them. Approximately 48.5% of parents had decisional conflict scores of 25 or greater, indicating high levels of conflict. Approximately 28.2% had no regret, 31.8% had mild regret, and the remaining 40.0% had moderate to severe regret. Shared decision making was not associated with improved decisional conflict, but physician engagement behaviors were associated with both decisional conflict and regret.
  
  
  
  Improving decision outcomes will require more than just focusing on who parents perceive as controlling the final decision. Developing interventions that facilitate specific physician engagement behaviors may decrease parents' distress around decision making and improve decision outcomes.
authors.affiliation: *Division of Adolescent and Transition Medicine, Department of Pediatrics †Department of Pediatrics, James M. Anderson Center for Health Systems Excellence, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center ‡University of Cincinnati College of Medicine §Division of Rheumatology ||Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Department of Pediatrics, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati ¶Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Department of Pediatrics, Nationwide Children's Hospital #The Ohio State College of Medicine **Division of Rheumatology, Department of Pediatrics, Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus ††Division of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, Department of Pediatrics, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH.
authors.forename: Ellen A
authors.initials: EA
authors.lastname: Lipstein
authors.forename: Daniel J
authors.initials: DJ
authors.lastname: Lovell
authors.forename: Lee A
authors.initials: LA
authors.lastname: Denson
authors.forename: Sandra C
authors.initials: SC
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: Charles
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Spencer
authors.forename: Richard F
authors.initials: RF
authors.lastname: Ittenbach
authors.forename: Maria T
authors.initials: MT
authors.lastname: Britto
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D001171:Arthritis, Juvenile / Q000188:drug therapy; D001688:Biological Products / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D002648:Child; D003142:Communication; D003220:Conflict, Psychological; D003657:Decision Making; D004644:Emotions; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D015212:Inflammatory Bowel Diseases / Q000188:drug therapy; D008297:Male; D010290:Parents / Q000523:psychology*; D010820:Physicians / Q000523:psychology; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires
chemical_list: D001688:Biological Products