title: Panax ginseng Fraction F3 Extracted by Supercritical Carbon Dioxide Protects against Oxidative Stress in ARPE-19 Cells.
abstract: In our previous work, the ethanolic extract ofPanax ginsengC. A. Meyer was successively partitioned using supercritical carbon dioxide at pressures in series to yield residue (R), F1, F2, and F3 fractions. Among them, F3 contained the highest deglycosylated ginsenosides and exerted the strongest antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities. The aim of this study was to investigate the protective effects ofP. ginsengfractions against cellular oxidative stress induced by hydrogen peroxide (H₂O₂). Viability of adult retinal pigment epithelium-19 (ARPE-19) cells was examined after treatments of different concentrations of fractions followed by exposure to H₂O₂. Oxidative levels (malondialdehyde (MDA), 8-hydroxydeoxyguanosine (8-OHdG), and reactive oxygen species (ROS)) and levels of activity of antioxidant enzymes were assessed. Results showed that F3 could dose-dependently protected ARPE-19 cells against oxidative injury induced by H₂O₂. F3 at a level of 1 mg/mL could restore the cell death induced by H₂O₂ of up to 60% and could alleviate the increase in cellular oxidation (MDA, 8-OHdG, and ROS) induced by H₂O₂. Moreover, F3 could restore the activities of antioxidant enzymes suppressed by H₂O₂. In conclusion, F3 obtained using supercritical carbon dioxide fractionation could significantly increase the antioxidant capacity ofP. ginsengextract. The antioxidant capacity was highly correlated with the concentration of F3.
authors.affiliation: Department of Food Science, National Chiayi University, 300 Syuefu Road, Chiayi City 60004, Taiwan. yccn1324@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Chao-Chin
authors.initials: CC
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.affiliation: Department of Natural Biotechnology, Nanhua University, Dalin, Chiayi 62249, Taiwan. chiuyuan@mail.nhu.edu.tw.|Research and Extension Center of Natural Healing Sciences, Nanhua University, Dalin, Chiayi 62249, Taiwan. chiuyuan@mail.nhu.edu.tw.
authors.forename: Chiu-Yuan
authors.initials: CY
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.affiliation: Institute of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung City 40201, Taiwan. daniel@csmu.edu.tw.|Department of Medical Research, Chung-Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung City 40201, Taiwan. daniel@csmu.edu.tw.
authors.forename: Chun-Chi
authors.initials: CC
authors.lastname: Wu
authors.affiliation: Department of Medical Research, Dalin Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, Dalin, Chiayi 62247, Taiwan. m.koo@utoronto.ca.|Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5T 3M7, Canada. m.koo@utoronto.ca.
authors.forename: Malcolm
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Koo
authors.affiliation: Superwell Biotechnology Corporation, Taichung City 40876, Taiwan. zerranyu@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Zer-Ran
authors.initials: ZR
authors.lastname: Yu
authors.affiliation: Department of Food Science, National Chiayi University, 300 Syuefu Road, Chiayi City 60004, Taiwan. bejen@mail.ncyu.edu.tw.
authors.forename: Be-Jen
authors.initials: BJ
authors.lastname: Wang
mesh_terms: D000975:Antioxidants / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology*; D002245:Carbon Dioxide / Q000737:chemistry; D002460:Cell Line; D002470:Cell Survival / Q000187:drug effects; D005591:Chemical Fractionation / Q000379:methods; D006801:Humans; D006861:Hydrogen Peroxide / Q000378:metabolism; D008315:Malondialdehyde / Q000378:metabolism; D018384:Oxidative Stress / Q000187:drug effects*; D005894:Panax / Q000737:chemistry*; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology*; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species / Q000378:metabolism; D055213:Retinal Pigment Epithelium / Q000166:cytology / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D000975:Antioxidants; D010936:Plant Extracts; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species; D002245:Carbon Dioxide; D008315:Malondialdehyde; D006861:Hydrogen Peroxide
keywords: Panax ginseng; hydrogen peroxide-induced oxidative damage; retinal pigment epithelium; supercritical carbon dioxide fractionation