title: Comprehensive assessment of lipoprotein subfraction profiles according to glucose metabolism status, and association with insulin resistance in subjects with early-stage impaired glucose metabolism.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Early detection of atherogenic dyslipidemia is crucial. We investigated lipoprotein subfraction parameters according to glucose metabolism status.
  
  
  METHODS
  We recruited 1255 lipid-lowering drug-naïve subjects with normal fasting glucose (NFG; n=200, 15.9%), impaired fasting glucose (IFG; n=443, 35.3%), or type 2 diabetes (T2D; n=612, 48.8%). Lipoprotein subfractions (1-7) were determined by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, separating low-density lipoprotein (LDL) into large buoyant LDL (lbLDL, LDL1-2) and small dense LDL (sdLDL, LDL3-7). Lipoprotein subfraction parameters including the sdLDL% (LDL3-7/LDL1-7), the sdLDL/lbLDL ratio (LDL3-7/LDL1-2), and weighted LDL subfraction (LDLSF) scores, were compared between groups. Their associations with insulin resistance, estimated using the homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance, were examined.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The concentrations of sdLDL particles were significantly higher in subjects with T2D and IFG than in those with NFG (15.78±13.47mg/dl and 14.60±14.33mg/dl, respectively, vs. 12.22±12.31mg/dl). Compared with those with NFG, subjects with IFG or T2D had significantly a higher sdLDL% (15.98±15.26% vs. 19.50±16.21% or 21.46±16.81%, respectively), a higher sdLDL/lbLDL ratio (0.24±0.30 vs. 0.31±0.37 or 0.35±0.39), and a higher LDLSF score (2.08±0.91 vs. 2.30±1.14 or 2.36±1.17). These lipoprotein subfraction parameters had stronger associations with insulin resistance compared to conventional lipid profiles in the IFG and T2D groups.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Atherogenic dyslipidemia is initiated in an early stage of impaired glucose metabolism, when early intervention might be required.
authors.affiliation: Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, South Korea.
authors.forename: Jie-Eun
authors.initials: JE
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.affiliation: Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, South Korea.
authors.forename: Se Hee
authors.initials: SH
authors.lastname: Min
authors.affiliation: Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, South Korea.
authors.forename: Dong-Hwa
authors.initials: DH
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.affiliation: Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, South Korea.
authors.forename: Tae Jung
authors.initials: TJ
authors.lastname: Oh
authors.affiliation: Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, South Korea.
authors.forename: Kyoung Min
authors.initials: KM
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.affiliation: Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, South Korea.
authors.forename: Jae Hoon
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Moon
authors.affiliation: Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, South Korea.
authors.forename: Sung Hee
authors.initials: SH
authors.lastname: Choi
authors.affiliation: Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea.
authors.forename: Kyong Soo
authors.initials: KS
authors.lastname: Park
authors.affiliation: Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, South Korea.
authors.forename: Hak Chul
authors.initials: HC
authors.lastname: Jang
authors.affiliation: Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, South Korea. Electronic address: limsoo@snu.ac.kr.
authors.forename: Soo
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Lim
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D001786:Blood Glucose / Q000378:metabolism*; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D003920:Diabetes Mellitus / Q000097:blood* / Q000453:epidemiology; D050171:Dyslipidemias / Q000097:blood* / Q000453:epidemiology; D005260:Female; D005947:Glucose / Q000378:metabolism*; D006801:Humans; D007333:Insulin Resistance / Q000502:physiology*; D053419:Lipoproteins, IDL / Q000097:blood; D008077:Lipoproteins, LDL / Q000097:blood*; D008079:Lipoproteins, VLDL / Q000097:blood; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D056910:Republic of Korea / Q000453:epidemiology
chemical_list: D001786:Blood Glucose; D053419:Lipoproteins, IDL; D008077:Lipoproteins, LDL; D008079:Lipoproteins, VLDL; D005947:Glucose
keywords: Atherogenic dyslipidemia; Glucose metabolism; Impaired fasting glucose; Lipoprotein subfraction profile; Small dense low-density lipoprotein