title: Effects of alkaloid extracts of mesquite pod on the products of in vitro rumen fermentation.
abstract: The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of alkaloid extracts of Prosopis juliflora (Sw.) D.C. pods obtained by two extraction methods as compared with sodium monensin on the gas production kinetic, mitigation of methane, and rumen fermentation products using wheat bran or Tifton 85 hay as substrates, by the semi-automatic in vitro gas production technique. A completely randomized design was adopted, and two natural additives were tested made from mesquite pod (alkaloid extract I and alkaloid extract II) at three levels (3.9, 7.9, and 12 μg), sodium monensin 5 μM (positive control), and no inclusion of additives (negative control). The volume of gases produced by the degradation of the fibrous fraction of wheat bran was influenced by the concentration of the extract I added to the medium, and the amounts of 7.9 and 12 μg were equal to monensin at the lowest value. The degradation rate of the fibrous carbohydrates with additive extract I at 12 μg was lower in relation to monensin. When Tifton 85 hay was utilized, alkaloid extract I provided a shorter colonization time as compared with monensin at the added amounts of 7.9 and 12 μg and higher production of gases from the fibrous fraction but without interfering with the total volume of gases produced during 96 h of fermentation of carbohydrates. In the periods of 12 and 24 h of incubation, utilizing alkaloid extract I, the mean values of methane production with wheat bran and Tifton 85 hay were lower than monensin (p < 0.05) when the respective amounts of 7.9 and 12 μg were added. Alkaloid extract I has similar potential to sodium in reducing production of total gases, methane, and the acetate/propionate ratio.
authors.affiliation: Department of Animal and Rural Technology, State University of Southwest Bahia, BR 415, Km 03, s/n, 45, Itapetinga, BA, 45.700-000, Brazil. taiala.pereira@hotmail.com.
authors.forename: Taiala Cristina
authors.initials: TC
authors.lastname: de Jesus Pereira
authors.affiliation: Department of Animal and Rural Technology, State University of Southwest Bahia, BR 415, Km 03, s/n, 45, Itapetinga, BA, 45.700-000, Brazil.
authors.forename: Mara Lúcia Albuquerque
authors.initials: ML
authors.lastname: Pereira
authors.affiliation: Department of Animal and Rural Technology, State University of Southwest Bahia, BR 415, Km 03, s/n, 45, Itapetinga, BA, 45.700-000, Brazil.
authors.forename: Jeruzia Vitória
authors.initials: JV
authors.lastname: Moreira
authors.affiliation: Department of Animal Science, State University of Santa Cruz, Rodovia Ilhéus, Itabuna, Km 16, Salobrinho, Ilhéus, BA, 45662-900, Brazil.
authors.forename: José Augusto Gomes
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Azevêdo
authors.affiliation: Instituto of Chemistry, Federal University of Bahia, Rua Barão de Geremoabo, s/n, Ondina, Salvador, BA, 40170-290, Brazil.
authors.forename: Ronan
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Batista
authors.affiliation: Department of Animal and Rural Technology, State University of Southwest Bahia, BR 415, Km 03, s/n, 45, Itapetinga, BA, 45.700-000, Brazil.
authors.forename: Vanderlúcia Fonseca
authors.initials: VF
authors.lastname: de Paula
authors.affiliation: Department of Animal Science, State University of Santa Cruz, Rodovia Ilhéus, Itabuna, Km 16, Salobrinho, Ilhéus, BA, 45662-900, Brazil.
authors.forename: Brena Santos
authors.initials: BS
authors.lastname: Oliveira
authors.affiliation: Department of Animal and Rural Technology, State University of Southwest Bahia, BR 415, Km 03, s/n, 45, Itapetinga, BA, 45.700-000, Brazil.
authors.forename: Edileusa
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: de Jesus Dos Santos
mesh_terms: D000470:Alkaloids; D000818:Animals; D005285:Fermentation; D008697:Methane / Q000378:metabolism; D008985:Monensin / Q000378:metabolism; D029862:Prosopis / Q000737:chemistry*; D012417:Rumen / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D000470:Alkaloids; D008985:Monensin; D008697:Methane
keywords: Ammonia nitrogen; Fatty acid; In vitro technique; Ionophore; Mitigation of methane; Monensin; Phytobiotic additive