title: Net Income of Pharmacy Faculty Compared to Community and Hospital Pharmacists.
abstract: Objective.To compare the net cumulative income of community pharmacists, hospital pharmacists, and full-time pharmacy faculty members (residency-trained or with a PhD after obtaining a PharmD) in pharmacy practice, medicinal chemistry, pharmaceutics, pharmacology, and social and administrative sciences.Methods.Markov modeling was conducted to calculate net projected cumulative earnings of career paths by estimating the costs of education, including the costs of obtaining degrees and student loans.Results.The economic model spanned 49 years, from ages 18 to 67 years. Earning a PharmD and pursuing an academic career resulted in projected net cumulative lifetime earnings ranging from approximately $4.7 million to $6.3 million. A pharmacy practice faculty position following public pharmacy school and one year of residency resulted in higher net cumulative income than community pharmacy. Faculty members with postgraduate year 1 (PGY1) training also had higher net income than other faculty and hospital pharmacy career paths, given similar years of prepharmacy education and type of pharmacy school attended. Faculty members with either a PharmD or PhD in the pharmacology discipline may net as much as $5.9 million and outpace all other PhD graduates by at least $75 000 in lifetime earnings. Projected career earnings of postgraduate year 2 (PGY2) trained faculty and PharmD/PhD faculty members were lower than those of community pharmacists. Findings were more variable when comparing pharmacy faculty members and hospital pharmacists.Conclusion.With the exception of PGY1 trained academic pharmacists, faculty projected net cumulative incomes generally lagged behind community pharmacists, likely because of delayed entry into the job market as a result of advanced training/education. However, nonsalary benefits such as greater flexibility and autonomy may enhance the desirability of academic pharmacy as a career path.
authors.affiliation: University of Tennessee College of Pharmacy, Memphis, Tennessee.
authors.forename: Marie A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Chisholm-Burns
authors.affiliation: University of Tennessee College of Pharmacy, Memphis, Tennessee.
authors.forename: Justin
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Gatwood
authors.affiliation: University of Tennessee College of Pharmacy, Memphis, Tennessee.
authors.forename: Christina A
authors.initials: CA
authors.lastname: Spivey
authors.affiliation: University of Tennessee College of Pharmacy, Memphis, Tennessee.
authors.forename: Susan E
authors.initials: SE
authors.lastname: Dickey
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D002321:Career Choice; D004512:Education, Pharmacy / Q000191:economics*; D004651:Employment / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D000071216:Faculty, Pharmacy / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007182:Income; D008297:Male; D008390:Markov Chains; D008875:Middle Aged; D010594:Pharmacies / Q000191:economics*; D010595:Pharmacists / Q000191:economics*; D010607:Pharmacy Service, Hospital / Q000191:economics*; D012580:Schools, Pharmacy / Q000191:economics; D014146:Training Support / Q000191:economics; D014481:United States; D055815:Young Adult
keywords: academic pharmacy; financial analysis; net income