title: Fungal elicitors enhance ginsenosides biosynthesis, expression of functional genes as well as signal molecules accumulation in adventitious roots of Panax ginseng C. A. Mey.
abstract: In this work, we selected three fungi strains (Aspergillus niger, Aspergillus flavus and Aspergillus oryzae) as elicitors prepared from mycelium or fermentation broth to improve ginsenosides production in adventitious roots culture. The results showed that ginsenosides production (29.90±4.67mgg-1) was significantly enhanced upon elicitation with 200mgL-1A. niger elicitor prepared from mycelium, which was 3.52-fold of untreated group. HPLC-ESI-MSnanalysis was performed, showing that ginsenoside Rb3was present after treatment with the A. niger. Furthermore, we found that A. niger significantly enhanced accumulation of Nitric oxide (NO), salicylic acid (SA) and jasmonic acid (JA) involved in plant defense response, and significantly up-regulated the expression of the geranyl diphosphate synthase (GPS), farnesyl diphosphate synthase (FPS), squalene synthase (SS), squalene epoxidase (SE), dammarenediol synthase (DS), Two cytochrome P450 (CYP) genes (CYP716A47 and CYP716A53v2) and three UDP-glycosyltransferases (UGT) genes (UGTAE2, UGT94Q2 and UGTpg100).
authors.affiliation: Tianjin Key Laboratory for Modern Drug Delivery and High Efficiency, School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China.
authors.forename: Jinxin
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of Systems Bioengineering, Ministry of Education，Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China.
authors.forename: Shujie
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.affiliation: Tianjin Key Laboratory for Modern Drug Delivery and High Efficiency, School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China. Electronic address: drwangjuan@163.com.
authors.forename: Juan
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: Tianjin Key Laboratory for Modern Drug Delivery and High Efficiency, School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China.
authors.forename: Jing
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: Institute of Medicinal Plants, Yunnan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 65023,China.
authors.forename: Dahui
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.affiliation: Tianjin Key Laboratory for Modern Drug Delivery and High Efficiency, School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China; Key Laboratory of Systems Bioengineering, Ministry of Education，Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China.
authors.forename: Jianli
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: Tianjin Key Laboratory for Modern Drug Delivery and High Efficiency, School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China. Electronic address: biochemgao@163.com.
authors.forename: Wenyuan
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Gao
mesh_terms: D001230:Aspergillus / Q000502:physiology*; D003517:Cyclopentanes / Q000378:metabolism; D018506:Gene Expression Regulation, Plant / Q000502:physiology; D036145:Ginsenosides / Q000032:analysis / Q000378:metabolism*; D025282:Mycelium; D054883:Oxylipins / Q000378:metabolism; D005894:Panax / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000382:microbiology*; D010937:Plant Growth Regulators / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D018517:Plant Roots / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000382:microbiology*
chemical_list: D003517:Cyclopentanes; D036145:Ginsenosides; D054883:Oxylipins; D010937:Plant Growth Regulators; C011006:jasmonic acid
keywords: Adventitious root; Biosynthetic genes; Fungal elicitor; HPLC-ESI–MS(n); Signal molecules