title: Depressive and Anxiety Disorders in Systemic Lupus Erythematosus Patients without Major Neuropsychiatric Manifestations.
abstract: Depressive and anxiety disorders are frequently observed in patients with Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE). However, the underlying mechanisms are still unknown. We conducted this survey to understand the prevalence of depression and anxiety in SLE patients without major neuropsychiatric manifestations (non-NPSLE) and to explore the relationship between emotional disorders, symptoms, autoantibodies, disease activity, and treatments in SLE. 176 SLE patients were included, and SLE disease activity index (SLEDAI), Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (HAMD), and Hamilton Anxiety Rating Scale (HAMA) were recorded to evaluate their disease activity and emotional status. We found that depressive and anxiety disorders were common among SLE patients: 121 (68.8%) patients were in depression status while 14 (8.0%) patients could be diagnosed with depression. Accordingly, 101 (57.4%) were in anxiety status and 21 (11.9%) could be diagnosed with anxiety. Depression was associated with disease activity, and anxiety was associated with anti-P0 antibody, while both of them were associated with proteinuria. HAMA and HAMD scores were in strong positive correlation and they were independent risk factors of each other. We concluded that the high prevalence of depression and anxiety and the association between depression and SLE disease activity might reveal the covert damage of central nervous system in SLE. The role of anti-P0 antibody in SLE patients with emotional disorders warrants more researches.
authors.affiliation: Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming 650032, China.
authors.forename: Ru
authors.identifier: 0000-0003-0815-4082
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Bai
authors.affiliation: Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming 650032, China.
authors.forename: Shuang
authors.identifier: 0000-0002-7961-910X
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.affiliation: Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming 650032, China.
authors.forename: Yueyin
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Zhao
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry, First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming 650032, China.
authors.forename: Yuqi
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Cheng
authors.affiliation: Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming 650032, China.
authors.forename: Shu
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming 650032, China.
authors.forename: Aiyun
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Lai
authors.affiliation: Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming 650032, China.
authors.forename: Zhongqi
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Xie
authors.affiliation: Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming 650032, China.
authors.forename: Xinyu
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Xu
authors.affiliation: Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming 650032, China.
authors.forename: Zhaoping
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Lu
authors.affiliation: Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming 650032, China.
authors.forename: Jian
authors.identifier: 0000-0003-1612-561X
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Xu
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D001008:Anxiety Disorders / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000209:etiology*; D001323:Autoantibodies / Q000276:immunology; D002681:China / Q000453:epidemiology; D003863:Depression / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000209:etiology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008180:Lupus Erythematosus, Systemic / Q000150:complications* / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000523:psychology*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010641:Phenotype; D015995:Prevalence; D012307:Risk Factors; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D001323:Autoantibodies