title: In vitroxanthine oxidase and albumin denaturation inhibition assay ofBarringtonia racemosaL. and total phenolic content analysis for potential anti-inflammatory use in gouty arthritis.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  This study was conducted to evaluate thein vitroanti-inflammatory activities and total phenolic content (TPC) of methanolic extracts of infloresence axes, endosperms, leaves, and pericarps of Barringtonia racemosa L.
  
  
  METHODS
  The anti-inflammatory study was conducted by assessing the potential through xanthine oxidase (XO) and albumin denaturation inhibition assays. Meanwhile, the TPC in the extracts were assessed by Folin-Ciocalteu assay.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In the XO inhibition assay, the infloresence axes extract was found to exert the highest inhibition capacity at 0.1% (w/v) with 59.54 ± 0.001% inhibition followed by leaves (58.82 ± 0.001%), pericarps (57.99 ± 0.003%), and endosperms (57.20 ± 0.003%) extracts. Similarly in the albumin denaturation inhibition assay, the infloresence axes extract had shown the greatest inhibition capacity with 70.58 ± 0.004% inhibition followed by endosperms (66.80 ± 0.024%), leaves (65.29 ± 0.006%), and pericarps extracts (43.33 ± 0.002%). Meanwhile, for TPC analysis, leaves extract was found to have the highest phenolic content (53.94 ± 0.000 mg gallic acid equivalent [GAE]/g DW) followed by infloresence axes (31.54 ± 0.001 mg GAE/g DW), endosperms (22.63 ± 0.001 mg GAE/g DW), and the least was found in pericarps (15.54 ± 0.001 mg GAE/g DW).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The results indeed verified thein vitroanti-inflammatory activities of B. racemosa and supported its potential to be used in alleviating gouty arthritis and XO-related diseases.
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Applied Sciences, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Selangor, Malaysia.
authors.forename: Nurul Izzati
authors.initials: NI
authors.lastname: Osman
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Applied Sciences, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Selangor, Malaysia.
authors.forename: Norrizah Jaafar
authors.initials: NJ
authors.lastname: Sidik
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Plantation and Agrotechnology, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Selangor, Malaysia.
authors.forename: Asmah
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Awal
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Applied Sciences, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Selangor, Malaysia.
authors.forename: Nurul Athirah Mohamad
authors.initials: NA
authors.lastname: Adam
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Applied Sciences, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Selangor, Malaysia.
authors.forename: Nur Inani
authors.initials: NI
authors.lastname: Rezali
keywords: Anti-inflammatory activity; Barringtonia racemosa; protein denaturation inhibition; total phenolic content; xanthine oxidase inhibition