title: Motor Cortex Plasticity in Children With Spastic Cerebral Palsy: A Systematic Review.
abstract: A review of the literature was performed to answer the following questions: Does motor cortex excitability correlate with motor function? Do motor cortex excitability and cortex activation change after a rehabilitation program that results in improvements in motor outcomes? Can the 10-20 electroencephalography (EEG) system be used to locate the primary motor cortex when employing transcranial direct current stimulation? Is there a bihemispheric imbalance in individuals with cerebral palsy similar to what is observed in stroke survivors? the authors found there is an adaptation in the geometry of motor areas and the cortical representation of movement is variable following a brain lesion. The 10-20 EEG system may not be the best option for locating the primary motor cortex and positioning electrodes for noninvasive brain stimulation in children with cerebral palsy.
authors.affiliation: a Rehabilitation Sciences, Universidade Nove de Julho , São Paulo , Brazil.|b Pediatric Neurosurgical Center (CENEPE) , São Paulo , Brazil.
authors.forename: Natália
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: de Almeida Carvalho Duarte
authors.affiliation: a Rehabilitation Sciences, Universidade Nove de Julho , São Paulo , Brazil.|b Pediatric Neurosurgical Center (CENEPE) , São Paulo , Brazil.
authors.forename: Luanda André
authors.initials: LA
authors.lastname: Collange Grecco
authors.affiliation: b Pediatric Neurosurgical Center (CENEPE) , São Paulo , Brazil.
authors.forename: Nelci
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Zanon
authors.affiliation: c Department of Electronic Information and Bioengineering , Politecnico di Milan , Italy.|d IRCCS San Raffaele Pisana , Rome , Italy.
authors.forename: Manuela
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Galli
authors.affiliation: e Department of Physical Medicine & Rehabilitation, Spaulding Neuromodulation Center , Spaulding Rehabilitation Hospital, Harvard Medical School , Boston , Massachusetts.
authors.forename: Felipe
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Fregni
authors.affiliation: a Rehabilitation Sciences, Universidade Nove de Julho , São Paulo , Brazil.
authors.forename: Claudia
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Santos Oliveira
mesh_terms: D002547:Cerebral Palsy / Q000503:physiopathology* / Q000534:rehabilitation*; D002648:Child; D004569:Electroencephalography / Q000379:methods / Q000592:standards*; D006801:Humans; D009044:Motor Cortex / Q000503:physiopathology*; D009473:Neuronal Plasticity / Q000502:physiology*; D065908:Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation / Q000379:methods / Q000592:standards*
keywords: cerebral palsy; child; motor cortex; transcranial direct current stimulation