title: Stronger net posterior cortical forces and asymmetric microtubule arrays produce simultaneous centration and rotation of the pronuclear complex in the early Caenorhabditis elegans embryo.
abstract: Positioning of microtubule-organizing centers (MTOCs) incorporates biochemical and mechanical cues for proper alignment of the mitotic spindle and cell division site. Current experimental and theoretical studies in the early Caenorhabditis elegans embryo assume remarkable changes in the origin and polarity of forces acting on the MTOCs. These changes must occur over a few minutes, between initial centration and rotation of the pronuclear complex and entry into mitosis, and the models do not replicate in vivo timing of centration and rotation. Here we propose a model that incorporates asymmetry in the microtubule arrays generated by each MTOC, which we demonstrate with in vivo measurements, and a similar asymmetric force profile to that required for posterior-directed spindle displacement during mitosis. We find that these asymmetries are capable of and important for recapitulating the simultaneous centration and rotation of the pronuclear complex observed in vivo. The combination of theoretical and experimental evidence provided here offers a unified framework for the spatial organization and forces needed for pronuclear centration, rotation, and spindle displacement in the early C. elegans embryo.
authors.affiliation: Department of Molecular Genetics, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210.
authors.forename: Valerie C
authors.initials: VC
authors.lastname: Coffman
authors.affiliation: Department of Mathematics, Harvey Mudd College, Claremont, CA 91711.
authors.forename: Matthew B A
authors.initials: MB
authors.lastname: McDermott
authors.affiliation: Mathematics Department, Pomona College, Claremont, CA 91711.
authors.forename: Blerta
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Shtylla
authors.affiliation: Department of Molecular Genetics, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210 dawes.33@osu.edu.|Department of Mathematics, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210.
authors.forename: Adriana T
authors.initials: AT
authors.lastname: Dawes
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D017173:Caenorhabditis elegans / Q000166:cytology / Q000196:embryology / Q000502:physiology*; D029742:Caenorhabditis elegans Proteins / Q000235:genetics; D018797:Cell Cycle Proteins / Q000235:genetics; D002467:Cell Nucleus; D016764:Cell Polarity / Q000502:physiology; D003198:Computer Simulation; D004625:Embryo, Nonmammalian / Q000166:cytology; D022101:Microtubule-Organizing Center / Q000378:metabolism / Q000502:physiology*; D008870:Microtubules / Q000502:physiology; D008938:Mitosis; D012399:Rotation; D008941:Spindle Apparatus / Q000502:physiology
chemical_list: D029742:Caenorhabditis elegans Proteins; D018797:Cell Cycle Proteins