title: The effects of unilateral varicose ovarian vein on antioxidant capacity and oocyte quality in rat ovary.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Several researchers have reported the relationship between infertility in male and varicocele for so many years but the implication of varicocele in female patients is remains elusive. Here, we aim to examine the effects of unilateral varicose ovarian vein on antioxidant capacity and oocyte quality of rat ovary after the experimental creation of varicocele in female rats.
  
  
  METHODS
  In this study, thirty adult female albino rats were divided into three equal groups: Group 1 as the control group has 10 rats, Group 2 as the sham group has 10 rats and they underwent a sham operation and finally Group 3 has the varicocele group has 10 rats. Antioxidant assays for superoxide dismutase, glutathione peroxidase and catalase were performed using specific assay kits and gene expression for Bax, Bmp-15, Hsp-27 and Gdf-9 was done via real time PCR.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The adverse effects of the experimentally induced varicocele were reported and recorded on the left ovary compared to the right sided ovary (no varicocele induction) in the varicocele group. Real time PCR data shows that the expression of Gdf-9, Hsp-27 and Bmp-15 genes were all significantly reduced atp≤ 0.05.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The results of this study show that reduced gene expression of Bmp-15, Gdf-9 and Hsp-27, increased gene expression of bax and an imbalance between pro-oxidant/antioxidant ratio are few of the several mechanisms by which varicocele may lead to infertility in female.
authors.affiliation: School of Medicine, International Campus, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
authors.forename: Babatunde Adebayo
authors.initials: BA
authors.lastname: Kehinde
authors.affiliation: Department of Anatomy, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
authors.forename: Farid
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Abolhassani
authors.affiliation: Department of Anatomy, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
authors.forename: Hossein
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Yazdekhasti
authors.affiliation: Emergency section, Vali-Asr Hospital, Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences, Borujen, Iran.
authors.forename: Niloufar
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Abbasi
authors.affiliation: Department of Anatomy, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
authors.forename: Leyla
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Heydari
authors.affiliation: Department of Anatomy, School of Medicine, Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences, Sanandaj, Iran.
authors.forename: Erfan
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Daneshi
authors.affiliation: Department of Anatomy, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
authors.forename: Zahra
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Rajabi
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, St. Elizabeth Medical Center, Tufts University, Brighton, MA, USA.
authors.forename: Alaa
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Hamada
authors.affiliation: American Center for Reproductive Medicine, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, OH, USA.
authors.forename: Ashok
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Agarwal
authors.affiliation: Department of Anatomy, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
authors.forename: Mehdi
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Abbasi
keywords: Antioxidant; Oocyte; Ovary; Varicose veins