title: Mortality and complications following surgery for diverticulitis: Systematic review and meta-analysis.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The surgical treatment of diverticulitis is in a state of evolution. Clinicians across many disciplines need to counsel patients regarding surgical choices.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  A systematic review and meta-analysis was conducted to determine the mortality and complication rates following surgery for diverticulitis in both the emergent and elective setting.
  
  
  METHODS
  We searched PubMed, Embase and the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL) for relevant articles published from 1980 to 2012. The primary outcome of interest was the point estimate of mortality, following surgery for diverticulitis.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Of the 289 citations reviewed, we included 59 studies. Overall, the point estimate for mortality was 3.05%, with a 95% confidence intereval (CI) of 1.73-5.32 andp< 0.001. Mortality following emergent surgery was 10.64% (95% CI 7.95-14.11;p< 0.001), versus 0.50% (95% CI 0.46-0.54;p< 0.001) following elective operations. A laparoscopic approach had an estimated mortality of 0.75% (95% CI 0.35-1.58;p< 0.001), compared to an open surgical approach, which had a mortality of 4.69% (95% CI 2.29-9.36,p< 0.001). The mortality following a resection with primary anastomosis was 1.96% (95% CI 1.22-3.13;p< 0.001) and for the Hartmann's procedure was 14.18% (95% CI 9.83-20.03;p< 0.001). A comparative analysis found that the risk of post-operative mortality was significantly higher following emergent surgery, compared to elective surgery (odds ratio (OR): 6.12 with 95% CI 1.62-23.10;p= 0.008;Q= 2.56,p= 0.46 and I2= 0); the open approach, compared to a laparoscopic approach (OR: 36.43 with 95% CI 9.94-133.6;p= 0.13; andQ= 2.79,p= 0.25 andI2= 28.26); and for Hartmann's procedure, compared to primary anastomosis without diversion (OR: 25.45 with 95% CI 15.13-42.81,p< 0.001; andQ= 23.34,p= 0.14 andI2= 27.16). The overall reported post-operative complication rate was 32.64% (95% CI 27.43-38.32;p< 0.00). The overall surgical and medical complication rates were 18.96% and 13.93%, respectively.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Urgent surgical treatment of diverticulitis has a significant complication rate. Even elective surgery has a significant complication rate that needs to be considered when doing the clinical decision-making for recurrent diverticulitis.
authors.affiliation: Department of Gastroenterology, Aurora Health Care, Milwaukee, WI, USA.
authors.forename: Jason M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Haas
authors.affiliation: Aurora Research Institute, Aurora Sinai Medical Center, Milwaukee, WI, USA.
authors.forename: Maharaj
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Singh
authors.affiliation: Division of Gastroenterology, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, USA.
authors.forename: Nimish
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Vakil
keywords: Anastomosis; Hartmann procedure; diverticulitis; elective surgery; laparoscopy; mortality; post-operative complications; resection; review; surgery