title: Medical nutrition therapy for pregnant women with gestational diabetes mellitus-A retrospective cohort study.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Women diagnosed with gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) remain at high risk of developing type 2 diabetes mellitus in the future. The effectiveness of medical nutrition therapy (MNT) acting on GDM is increasingly becoming noteworthy.
  
  
  METHODS
  A retrospective cohort study involving 488 GDM cases was conducted. The prepregnancy weight, weight changes during pregnancy, glucose levels, GDM management, follow-up, and birth outcomes were recorded from 2008 to 2012.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Overall, 62.91% of the women received MNT, with an increasing trend from 2008 to 2012 (p < 0.01). The fasting plasma glucose, 2-hour blood glucose, and weight gain at 28 weeks, 32 weeks, and 36 weeks as well as intrapartum were lower in the MNT group than in the non-MNT group. Total weight gain during pregnancy and the rates of adverse events during pregnancy were lower in the MNT group compared to the non-MNT group (all p < 0.05). Moreover, 92.2% of the participants in the MNT group had a normal oral glucose tolerance test result, and the rate of exclusive breastfeeding within 4 months after delivery was 54.4% in the MNT group; both were higher than those of the non-MNT group (66.3%, p < 0.001; 29.3%, p < 0.05).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  MNT can reduce the incidence of pregnancy complications, increase the exclusive breastfeeding rate, and improve pregnancy outcomes.
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical Nutrition, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing 100029, China.
authors.forename: Mai
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Shi
authors.affiliation: Centre for Evidence-based Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100029, China.
authors.forename: Zhao-Lan
authors.initials: ZL
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.affiliation: Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute, Basel, Switzerland; University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland.
authors.forename: Peter
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Steinmann
authors.affiliation: Department of Preventive Healthcare, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing 100029, China.
authors.forename: Jie
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical Laboratory, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing 100029, China.
authors.forename: Che
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical Nutrition, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing 100029, China.
authors.forename: Xiao-Tao
authors.initials: XT
authors.lastname: Ma
authors.affiliation: Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing 100029, China. Electronic address: zryyyyk@163.com.
authors.forename: Su-Hui
authors.initials: SH
authors.lastname: Han
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001786:Blood Glucose / Q000378:metabolism*; D016640:Diabetes, Gestational / Q000097:blood / Q000628:therapy*; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D005951:Glucose Tolerance Test; D006801:Humans; D044623:Nutrition Therapy / Q000379:methods*; D011247:Pregnancy; D011256:Pregnancy Outcome; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D001786:Blood Glucose
keywords: gestational diabetes mellitus; glucose; medical nutrition therapy; outcome