title: Effect of Er,Cr:YSGG laser irradiation on bovine enamel surface during in-office tooth bleaching ex vivo.
abstract: The aim of this in vitro study was to evaluate the effect of using Er,Cr:YSGG laser during in-office tooth bleaching on bovine enamel surface to evaluate the safety of this therapy on tooth tissues. Thirty-six enamel specimens were prepared from bovine incisors and divided into three groups: Group 1 specimens (control) received no bleaching treatment; Group 2 received a conventional in-office bleaching treatment (40 % H2O2); Group 3 received laser-assisted bleaching procedure (40 % H2O2) utilizing an Er,Cr:YSGG laser. The specimens were stored for 10 days after the bleaching treatment in artificial saliva. Vickers hardness was determined using a microhardness tester, and measurements for surface roughness were done using a VSI microscope. Three specimens for each experimental group were examined under SEM and mineral composition of the specimens was evaluated using EDS. Data were statistically analyzed using one-way ANOVA, Tukey's post hoc, Wilcoxon signed rank and Kruskal-Wallis tests (a = 0.05). The Vickers hardness of the enamel was reduced after in-office bleaching procedures (p < 0.05), and changes in surface morphology of the enamel were observed. However, the surface roughness of the enamel was not influenced (p > 0.05), and no changes in mineral composition of the enamel were detected after in-office bleaching procedures (p > 0.05). The laser-assisted bleaching treatment with Er,Cr:YSGG laser did not influence the enamel surface compared to the conventional bleaching technique. The safety of the use of Er,Cr:YSGG laser during in-office tooth bleaching regarding the surface properties of the enamel was confirmed under in vitro conditions.
authors.affiliation: Department of Operative Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124, Thessaloniki, Greece. ddiondent@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Dimitrios
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Dionysopoulos
authors.affiliation: Department of Operative Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124, Thessaloniki, Greece.
authors.forename: Dimitrios
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Strakas
authors.affiliation: Department of Operative Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124, Thessaloniki, Greece.
authors.forename: Eugenia
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Koliniotou-Koumpia
authors.affiliation: Department of Operative Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124, Thessaloniki, Greece.
authors.forename: Effimia
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Koumpia
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002417:Cattle; D003743:Dental Enamel / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000528:radiation effects*; D006245:Hardness Tests; D006861:Hydrogen Peroxide / Q000494:pharmacology; D066298:In Vitro Techniques; D053844:Lasers, Solid-State; D008855:Microscopy, Electron, Scanning; D012464:Saliva, Artificial; D013499:Surface Properties; D014073:Tooth Bleaching / Q000379:methods*
chemical_list: D012464:Saliva, Artificial; D006861:Hydrogen Peroxide
keywords: Er,Cr:YSGG laser; In-office tooth bleaching; Safety of enamel surface; Surface microhardness; Surface roughness