title: Diagnostic possibilities from a serum sample-Clinical value of new methods within small animal reproduction, with focus on anti-Müllerian hormone.
abstract: During the last decade, analysis of anti-Müllerian hormone (AMH), highly conserved between mammalian species, has contributed to new information in reproductive endocrinology, due to clinically available diagnostic assays. AMH is produced solely in the gonads, in the Sertoli cells of testes and granulosa cells of the ovary, and thus offers possibilities to diagnose physiologic and pathologic conditions involving these organs. This article reviews indications for AMH analysis in cats and dogs, including diagnosing the presence of gonads, and granulosa or Sertoli cell tumours. Diagnostic challenges are addressed. One specific organ, the prostate, is commonly affected by pathologic changes in older dogs. A commercial assay for analysing canine prostatic specific esterase (CPSE) enables analysis of CPSE in clinical practice, of potential value in the workup of benign prostatic hyperplasia in male dogs. This is described in this review, as is a new method for analysis of steroids: liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry LC-MS/MS. Steroids have since long been analysed in studies on reproduction, and LC-MS/MS has the advantage of allowing analysis of panels of multiple steroids from small sample volumes. Altogether, these available methods may give new insights into small animal reproduction and are valuable tools for the practicing veterinarian.
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical Sciences, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Uppsala, Sweden.
authors.forename: B S
authors.initials: BS
authors.lastname: Holst
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D054304:Anti-Mullerian Hormone / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000097:blood*; D002371:Cat Diseases / Q000097:blood*; D002415:Cats; D004283:Dog Diseases / Q000097:blood*; D004285:Dogs; D004950:Esterases / Q000032:analysis; D005260:Female; D005831:Genital Diseases, Female / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000662:veterinary; D005832:Genital Diseases, Male / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000662:veterinary; D006107:Granulosa Cells / Q000378:metabolism; D008297:Male; D010053:Ovary / Q000378:metabolism; D011467:Prostate / Q000201:enzymology; D011470:Prostatic Hyperplasia / Q000097:blood; D012098:Reproduction; D012708:Sertoli Cells / Q000378:metabolism; D013737:Testis / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D054304:Anti-Mullerian Hormone; D004950:Esterases
keywords: AMH; BPH; LC-MS/MS; castration