title: Toll-like receptors in mycobacterial infection.
abstract: Toll-like receptors are transmembrane glycoproteins predominantly expressed in tissues with immune function. They are considered one of the most important pattern recognition receptor families discovered at the end of 20th century and a key aspect of the innate immune system response to infectious disease. Here we present a review of the current knowledge of individual Toll-like receptors, 1 through 13, with a focus on their role in the immune system response to mycobacterial infection. We present literature to date about the Toll-like receptors structure, localization and expression, signaling pathways, and function. The Toll-like receptor family may have proven an important role in the immune system response to mycobacterial infections, including M. tuberculosis and non-tuberculous (NTM) organisms.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine, University of Miami, 1600 NW, Miami, FL 33136, USA. Electronic address: ann.vu@med.miami.edu.
authors.forename: Ann
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Vu
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine, University of Miami, 1600 NW, Miami, FL 33136, USA. Electronic address: andrew.calzadilla@med.miami.edu.
authors.forename: Andrew
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Calzadilla
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine, University of Miami, 1600 NW, Miami, FL 33136, USA. Electronic address: sanaz.gidfar-con@jhsmiami.org.
authors.forename: Sanaz
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Gidfar
authors.affiliation: Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care, University of Miami, 1600 NW, Miami, FL 33136, USA; Miami VA Medical Center, 1201 N.W. 16th St., Miami, FL 33125, USA. Electronic address: rac268@med.miami.edu.
authors.forename: Rafael
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Calderon-Candelario
authors.affiliation: Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care, University of Miami, 1600 NW, Miami, FL 33136, USA; Miami VA Medical Center, 1201 N.W. 16th St., Miami, FL 33125, USA. Electronic address: msm249@med.miami.edu.
authors.forename: Mehdi
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Mirsaeidi
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D006801:Humans; D009164:Mycobacterium Infections / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology; D009169:Mycobacterium tuberculosis / Q000502:physiology; D015398:Signal Transduction; D051193:Toll-Like Receptors / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D051193:Toll-Like Receptors
keywords: Mycobacteria; NTM; Nontuberculous; TB; TLRs; Toll-like receptor; Tuberculosis