title: Inhalation Conscious Sedation with Nitrous Oxide and Oxygen as Alternative to General Anesthesia in Precooperative, Fearful, and Disabled Pediatric Dental Patients: A Large Survey on 688 Working Sessions.
abstract: Aim. To evaluate the effectiveness and the tolerability of the nitrous oxide sedation for dental treatment on a large pediatric sample constituting precooperative, fearful, and disabled patients.Methods. 472 noncooperating patients (aged 4 to 17) were treated under conscious sedation. The following data were calculated: average age; gender distribution; success/failure; adverse effects; number of treatments; kind of dental procedure undertaken; number of dental procedures for each working session; number of working sessions for each patient; differences between males and females and between healthy and disabled patients in relation to success; success in relation to age; and level of cooperation using Venham score.Results. 688 conscious sedations were carried out. The success was 86.3%. Adverse effects occurred in 2.5%. 1317 dental procedures were performed. In relation to the success, there was a statistically significant difference between healthy and disabled patients. Sex and age were not significant factors for the success. Venham score was higher at the first contact with the dentist than during the treatment.Conclusions. Inhalation conscious sedation represented an effective and safe method to obtain cooperation, even in very young patients, and it could reduce the number of pediatric patients referred to hospitals for general anesthesia.
authors.affiliation: Division of Dentistry and Orthodontics, Bambino Gesù Hospital, Viale San Paolo 15, 00146 Rome, Italy.
authors.forename: Angela
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Galeotti
authors.affiliation: Division of Dentistry and Orthodontics, Bambino Gesù Hospital, Viale San Paolo 15, 00146 Rome, Italy.
authors.forename: Annelyse
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Garret Bernardin
authors.affiliation: Division of Dentistry and Orthodontics, Bambino Gesù Hospital, Viale San Paolo 15, 00146 Rome, Italy.
authors.forename: Vincenzo
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: D'Antò
authors.affiliation: Department of Neuroscience, Reproductive and Oral Sciences, Section of Paediatric Dentistry, University of Naples, Federico II, Via Pansini 5, 80131 Naples, Italy.
authors.forename: Gianmaria Fabrizio
authors.identifier: 0000-0003-1723-106X
authors.initials: GF
authors.lastname: Ferrazzano
authors.affiliation: Division of Dentistry and Orthodontics, Bambino Gesù Hospital, Viale San Paolo 15, 00146 Rome, Italy.
authors.forename: Tina
authors.identifier: 0000-0001-6605-849X
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Gentile
authors.affiliation: Division of Dentistry and Orthodontics, Bambino Gesù Hospital, Viale San Paolo 15, 00146 Rome, Italy.
authors.forename: Valeria
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Viarani
authors.affiliation: Division of Dentistry and Orthodontics, Bambino Gesù Hospital, Viale San Paolo 15, 00146 Rome, Italy.
authors.forename: Giorgio
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Cassabgi
authors.affiliation: Division of Dentistry and Orthodontics, Bambino Gesù Hospital, Viale San Paolo 15, 00146 Rome, Italy.
authors.forename: Tiziana
authors.identifier: 0000-0002-2648-175X
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Cantile
mesh_terms: D000280:Administration, Inhalation; D000293:Adolescent; D000766:Anesthesia, Dental / Q000379:methods*; D000768:Anesthesia, General / Q000379:methods; D000769:Anesthesia, Inhalation / Q000379:methods*; D019162:Anesthetics, Combined / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D002648:Child; D002652:Child Behavior; D002675:Child, Preschool; D016292:Procedural Sedation / Q000379:methods*; D003730:Dental Care for Persons with Disabilities / Q000379:methods; D006233:Persons with Disabilities; D005239:Fear; D005260:Female; D005792:General Practice, Dental / Q000379:methods; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D009609:Nitrous Oxide / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D010100:Oxygen / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D010349:Patient Compliance; D017060:Patient Satisfaction; D010372:Pediatrics
chemical_list: D019162:Anesthetics, Combined; D009609:Nitrous Oxide; D010100:Oxygen