title: Musculoskeletal Complaints (Pain and/or Stiffness) and Their Impact on Mortality in the General Population. The Tromsø Study.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The long-term consequences of chronic pain and/or stiffness from the musculoskeletal system (musculoskeletal complaints: MSCs) have not been well explored. The aims of this study were to investigate whether MSCs reported at baseline influence all-cause and cause-specific mortality during 21 years follow-up of a general Northern Norwegian adult population.
  
  
  METHODS
  A total of 26,977 men and women aged 25-97 years who participated in the 1994-1995 survey of the Tromsø study (response rate 77%) were included in the present prospective cohort study. Baseline data were collected from the 1994-1995 survey and information on death and emigration was taken from the National Register of Norway. Cox regression analyses were performed to examine if MSCs predicted risk of mortality.
  
  
  RESULTS
  5693 (21.1%) participants died during follow-up. Mean time between entry into the survey and death or emigration was 18.6 years (standard deviation 4.87) for all-cause mortality. There was an increased risk of death among those with MSCs at baseline in the crude Cox regression model. However, the multivariable model revealed no significant association between MSCs at baseline and all-cause mortality by sex (women: hazard ratio [HR] = 0.93, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.85-1.01; men: HR = 0.93, 95%CI: 0.85-1.01). Furthermore, no significant associations were found between widespread MSCs at baseline and all-cause mortality in multivariable models (women: HR = 0.90, 95%CI: 0.80-1.01; men HR = 0.87, 95%CI: 0.76-1.00). Analyses on cause-specific mortality did not reveal any significant results.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  MSCs are not independently associated with increased risk of death from cardiovascular disease, cancer, or death from all causes.
authors.affiliation: Department of Community Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Tromsø -The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway.
authors.forename: Ole Fredrik
authors.identifier: http://orcid.org/0000-0001-7261-0615
authors.initials: OF
authors.lastname: Andorsen
authors.affiliation: Department of Health and Care Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Tromsø -The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway.|Institute of Public Health, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain, United Arab Emirates.
authors.forename: Luai Awad
authors.initials: LA
authors.lastname: Ahmed
authors.affiliation: Department of Health and Care Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Tromsø -The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway.
authors.forename: Nina
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Emaus
authors.affiliation: Department of Community Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Tromsø -The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway.
authors.forename: Elise
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Klouman
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D002423:Cause of Death; D005260:Female; D006306:Health Surveys; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009140:Musculoskeletal Diseases / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000401:mortality*; D059352:Musculoskeletal Pain / Q000401:mortality*; D009664:Norway / Q000453:epidemiology; D011446:Prospective Studies