title: Examining acute bi-directional relationships between affect, physical feeling states, and physical activity in free-living situations using electronic ecological momentary assessment.
abstract: Current knowledge about the relationship of physical activity with acute affective and physical feeling states is informed largely by lab-based studies, which have limited generalizability to the natural ecology. This study used ecological momentary assessment to assess subjective affective and physical feeling states in free-living settings across 4 days from 110 non-physically active adults (Age M = 40.4, SD = 9.7). Light physical activity (LPA) and moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA) were measured objectively by an accelerometer. Multilevel modeling was used to test the bi-directional associations between affective and physical feeling states and LPA/MVPA minutes. Higher positive affect, lower negative affect and fatigue were associated with more MVPA over the subsequent 15 min, while higher negative affect and energy were associated with more LPA over the subsequent 15 and 30 min. Additionally, more LPA and MVPA were associated with feeling more energetic over the subsequent 15 and 30 min, and more LPA was additionally associated with feeling more negative and less tired over the subsequent 15 and 30 min. Positive and negative affective states might serve as antecedents to but not consequences of MVPA in adults' daily lives. Changes in LPA may be predicted and followed by negative affective states. Physical feeling states appear to lead up to and follow changes in both LPA and MVPA.
authors.affiliation: Department of Behavioral Science, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe Blvd. Unit 1330, Houston, TX, 77030, USA. yueliao@mdanderson.org.
authors.forename: Yue
authors.identifier: http://orcid.org/0000-0002-9384-336X
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Liao
authors.affiliation: Institute for Health Promotion and Disease Prevention Research, Department of Preventive Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
authors.forename: Chih-Ping
authors.initials: CP
authors.lastname: Chou
authors.affiliation: Institute for Health Promotion and Disease Prevention Research, Department of Preventive Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
authors.forename: Jimi
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Huh
authors.affiliation: Institute for Health Promotion and Disease Prevention Research, Department of Preventive Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
authors.forename: Adam
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Leventhal
authors.affiliation: Institute for Health Promotion and Disease Prevention Research, Department of Preventive Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
authors.forename: Genevieve
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Dunton
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000339:Affect; D040421:Cell Phone; D000072860:Ecological Momentary Assessment; D004644:Emotions; D015444:Exercise / Q000523:psychology*; D005221:Fatigue; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008960:Models, Psychological; D055815:Young Adult
keywords: Accelerometry; Affect; Ambulatory assessment; Exercise; Naturalistic setting