title: Effects of the herbicide Roundup on the polychaeta Laeonereis acuta: Cholinesterases and oxidative stress.
abstract: Glyphosate based herbicides, including Roundup, are widely employed in agriculture and urban spaces. The objective of this study was to evaluate the toxicological effects of Roundup on the estuarine polychaeta Laeonereis acuta. Biomarkers of oxidative stress as well as acetylcholinesterase and propionilcholinesterase activities were analyzed. Firstly, the LC5096h for L. acuta was established (8.19mg/L). After, the animals were exposed to two Roundup concentrations: 3.25mg/L (non-observed effect concentration - NOEC) and 5.35mg/L (LC10) for 24h and 96h. Oxygen consumption was determined and the animals were divided into three body regions (anterior, middle and posterior) for biochemical analysis. An inhibition of both cholinesterase isoforms were observed in animals exposed to both Roundup concentrations after 96h. A significant reactive oxygen species (ROS) reduction was observed in the posterior region of animals in both periods, while antioxidant capacity against peroxyl radicals (ACAP) was reduced in the posterior region of animals exposed for 24h. Considering the antioxidant defense system, both GSH levels and enzyme activities (catalase, superoxide dismutase, glutathione s-transferase, glutathione peroxidase and glutamate cysteine ligase) were not altered after exposure. Lipid peroxidation was reduced in all analyzed body regions in both Roundup concentrations after 24h. Animals exposed to the highest concentration presented a reduction in lipid peroxidation in the anterior region after 96h, while animals exposed to the lowest concentration presented a reduction in the middle region. Overall results indicate that Roundup exposure presents toxicity to L. acuta, causing a disruption in ROS and ACAP levels as well as affects the cholinergic system of this invertebrate species.
authors.affiliation: Universidade Federal do Rio Grande - FURG, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Fisiológicas, Brazil. Electronic address: fabiobio304@hotmail.com.
authors.forename: Fábio
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: de Melo Tarouco
authors.affiliation: Universidade Federal do Rio Grande, Av. Itália km 8, 96203-900 Rio Grande, RS, Brazil. Electronic address: filipe_godoi92@hotmail.com.
authors.forename: Filipe Guilherme Andrade
authors.initials: FGA
authors.lastname: de Godoi
authors.affiliation: Universidade Federal do Rio Grande - FURG, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Fisiológicas, Brazil. Electronic address: robson_velasques@yahoo.com.br.
authors.forename: Robson Rabelo
authors.initials: RR
authors.lastname: Velasques
authors.affiliation: Universidade Federal do Rio Grande - FURG, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Fisiológicas, Brazil. Electronic address: amandahg@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Amanda
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: da Silveira Guerreiro
authors.affiliation: Instituto de Oceanografia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande (IO-FURG). Electronic address: geihs@hotmail.com.
authors.forename: Marcio Alberto
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Geihs
authors.affiliation: Universidade Federal do Rio Grande - FURG, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Fisiológicas, Brazil. Electronic address: carlosrosa@furg.br.
authors.forename: Carlos Eduardo
authors.initials: CE
authors.lastname: da Rosa
mesh_terms: D000110:Acetylcholinesterase / Q000187:drug effects; D000818:Animals; D000975:Antioxidants / Q000494:pharmacology; D002374:Catalase / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D002800:Cholinesterase Inhibitors / Q000494:pharmacology*; D002802:Cholinesterases / Q000187:drug effects; D005979:Glutathione Peroxidase / Q000187:drug effects; D005982:Glutathione Transferase / Q000187:drug effects; D005998:Glycine / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000633:toxicity; D006540:Herbicides / Q000633:toxicity*; D007928:Lethal Dose 50; D015227:Lipid Peroxidation / Q000187:drug effects; D018384:Oxidative Stress / Q000187:drug effects*; D010101:Oxygen Consumption / Q000187:drug effects; D010545:Peroxides / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors; D011077:Polychaeta / Q000187:drug effects*; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species / Q000032:analysis; D013482:Superoxide Dismutase / Q000187:drug effects; D013997:Time Factors; D000097797:Glyphosate
chemical_list: D000110:Acetylcholinesterase; D000975:Antioxidants; D002374:Catalase; D002800:Cholinesterase Inhibitors; D002802:Cholinesterases; D005979:Glutathione Peroxidase; D005982:Glutathione Transferase; D005998:Glycine; D006540:Herbicides; D010545:Peroxides; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species; D013482:Superoxide Dismutase; D000097797:Glyphosate; C049375:perhydroxyl radical; C025181:propionylcholinesterase
keywords: Antioxidant capacity; Glyphosate; LC(50); Nereidae; Propionylcholinesterase