title: Genome Sequencing and Comparative Genomics Analysis Revealed Pathogenic Potential inPenicillium capsulatumas a Novel Fungal Pathogen Belonging toEurotiales.
abstract: Penicillium capsulatumis a rarePenicilliumspecies used in paper manufacturing, but recently it has been reported to cause invasive infection. To research the pathogenicity of the clinicalPenicilliumstrain, we sequenced the genomes and transcriptomes of the clinical and environmental strains ofP. capsulatum.Comparative analyses of these twoP. capsulatumstrains and close related strains belonging toEurotialeswere performed. The assembled genome sizes ofP. capsulatumare approximately 34.4 Mbp in length and encode 11,080 predicted genes. The different isolates ofP. capsulatumare highly similar, with the exception of several unique genes, INDELs or SNPs in the genes coding for glycosyl hydrolases, amino acid transporters and circumsporozoite protein. A phylogenomic analysis was performed based on the whole genome data of 38 strains belonging toEurotiales. By comparing the whole genome sequences and the virulence-related genes from 20 important related species, including fungal pathogens and non-human pathogens belonging toEurotiales, we found meaningful pathogenicity characteristics betweenP. capsulatumand its closely related species. Our research indicated thatP. capsulatummay be a neglected opportunistic pathogen. This study is beneficial for mycologists, geneticists and epidemiologists to achieve a deeper understanding of the genetic basis of the role ofP. capsulatumas a newly reported fungal pathogen.
authors.affiliation: Beijing Institute of BiotechnologyBeijing, China; Beijing Institute of Radiation MedicineBeijing, China; National Institutes for Food and Drug ControlBeijing, China.
authors.forename: Ying
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.affiliation: Department of Dermatology, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Molecular Medical Mycology, Shanghai Institute of Medical Mycology, Shanghai Changzheng HospitalShanghai, China; CBS-KNAW Fungal Biodiversity CentreUtrecht, Netherlands; Institute of Biodiversity and Ecosystem Dynamics, University of AmsterdamAmsterdam, Netherlands.
authors.forename: Min
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.affiliation: Center for Hospital Infection Control, Chinese PLA Institute for Disease Control and Prevention Beijing, China.
authors.forename: Zongwei
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: CBS-KNAW Fungal Biodiversity CentreUtrecht, Netherlands; Institute of Biodiversity and Ecosystem Dynamics, University of AmsterdamAmsterdam, Netherlands; Directorate General of Health Services, Ibri Hospital, Ministry of HealthIbri, Oman.
authors.forename: Abdullah M S
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Al-Hatmi
authors.affiliation: CBS-KNAW Fungal Biodiversity CentreUtrecht, Netherlands; Institute of Biodiversity and Ecosystem Dynamics, University of AmsterdamAmsterdam, Netherlands.
authors.forename: Sybren
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: de Hoog
authors.affiliation: Department of Dermatology, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Molecular Medical Mycology, Shanghai Institute of Medical Mycology, Shanghai Changzheng Hospital Shanghai, China.
authors.forename: Weihua
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Pan
authors.affiliation: National Institutes for Food and Drug ControlBeijing, China; Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Health for Research on Quality and Standardization of Biotech ProductsBeijing, China.
authors.forename: Qiang
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Ye
authors.affiliation: Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine Beijing, China.
authors.forename: Xiaochen
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Bo
authors.affiliation: Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine Beijing, China.
authors.forename: Zhen
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine Beijing, China.
authors.forename: Shengqi
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: National Institutes for Food and Drug Control Beijing, China.
authors.forename: Junzhi
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: Beijing Institute of Biotechnology Beijing, China.
authors.forename: Huipeng
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.affiliation: Department of Dermatology, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Molecular Medical Mycology, Shanghai Institute of Medical Mycology, Shanghai Changzheng Hospital Shanghai, China.
authors.forename: Wanqing
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Liao
keywords: Penicillium capsulatum; comparative genomics; genome sequencing; novel fungal pathogen