title: Multiple osteochondromas (MO) in the forearm: a 12-year single-centre experience.
abstract: Multiple osteochondromas (MO) are a rare autosomal dominant disorder characterized by the presence of osteochondromas located on the long bones and axial skeleton. Patients present with growth disturbances and angular deformities of the long bones as well as limited motion of affected joints. Forearm involvement is found in a considerable number of patients and may vary from the presence of a simple osteochondroma to severe forearm deformities and radial head dislocation. Patients encounter a variety of problems and symptoms e.g., pain, functional impairment, loss of strength and cosmetic concerns. Several surgical procedures are offered from excision of symptomatic osteochondromas to challenging reconstructions of forearm deformities. We describe visualizing, planning and treating these forearm deformities in MO and, in particular, a detailed account of the surgical correction of Masada type I and Masada type II MO forearm deformities.
authors.affiliation: Orthopædic Department, Expertise Center MO, OLVG, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: John
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Ham
authors.affiliation: Orthopædic Department, Expertise Center MO, OLVG, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Mark
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Flipsen
authors.affiliation: Orthopædic Department, Expertise Center MO, OLVG, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Marianne
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Koolen
authors.affiliation: Orthopædic Department, Expertise Center MO, OLVG, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Arnard
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: van der Zwan
authors.affiliation: Section Upper Extremity, Department of Orthopaedic, Trauma and Spine Surgery, Asklepios Klinik Altona, 22763, Hamburg, Germany. konrad.mader@outlook.com.|, Berliner Freiheit 9, Aalto- Hochhaus 14/9, 28327, Bremen, Germany. konrad.mader@outlook.com.
authors.forename: Konrad
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Mader
keywords: Corrective osteotomy; External fixation; Forearm reconstruction; Masada classification; Multiple hereditary exostoses (MHE); Multiple osteochondromas (MO); Review