title: Clinical Characteristics and Outcomes of Influenza A Infection in Kidney Transplant Recipients: A Single-Center Experience.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Influenza virus infection can cause severe illness in certain high-risk groups. Solid organ and hematopoietic stem cell transplant recipients have been shown to present a greater risk for severe influenza and complications than the general population.
  
  
  METHODS
  Retrospective descriptive cohort study of the features and outcomes of influenza infection in renal transplant recipients from July 2009 to May 2014.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Thirty-one patients were diagnosed with influenza A infection within the specified period. The incidence of influenza A was 26.5 cases/1,000 person-years. Hospital admission (68%), secondary bacterial pneumonia (68%), intensive care unit admission (14%), and mortality rate (14%) were higher than reported for immunocompetent patients.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Influenza diagnosis and treatment should be prompt in immunocompromised patients to reduce the risk of complications. Patients who require intensive care owing to respiratory and hemodynamic complications present high mortality rates.
authors.affiliation: Department of Infectious and Parasitic Diseases, Clinical Hospital, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil. Electronic address: fatmatieno@gmail.com.
authors.forename: F C A
authors.initials: FC
authors.lastname: Odongo
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology and Renal Transplant, Clinical Hospital, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.
authors.forename: L S
authors.initials: LS
authors.lastname: Azevedo
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology and Renal Transplant, Clinical Hospital, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.
authors.forename: E D
authors.initials: ED
authors.lastname: Neto
authors.affiliation: Department of Infectious and Parasitic Diseases, Clinical Hospital, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Yeh-Li
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Clinical Hospital, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Caiaffa
authors.affiliation: Department of Infectious and Parasitic Diseases, Clinical Hospital, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.
authors.forename: L C
authors.initials: LC
authors.lastname: Pierrotti
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D001938:Brazil / Q000453:epidemiology; D060085:Coinfection / Q000453:epidemiology; D003371:Cough; D004417:Dyspnea; D005260:Female; D005334:Fever; D006084:Graft Rejection / Q000517:prevention & control*; D006760:Hospitalization / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D006801:Humans; D016867:Immunocompromised Host; D007166:Immunosuppressive Agents / Q000009:adverse effects*; D015994:Incidence; D053118:Influenza A Virus, H1N1 Subtype; D009980:Influenza A virus; D007251:Influenza, Human / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000209:etiology / Q000276:immunology / Q000401:mortality; D007362:Intensive Care Units / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D016030:Kidney Transplantation; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D063806:Myalgia; D018410:Pneumonia, Bacterial / Q000453:epidemiology*; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012307:Risk Factors; D013997:Time Factors; D066027:Transplant Recipients; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D007166:Immunosuppressive Agents