title: Heritable temperament pathways to early callous-unemotional behaviour.
abstract: Early callous-unemotional behaviours identify children at risk for antisocial behaviour. Recent work suggests that the high heritability of callous-unemotional behaviours is qualified by interactions with positive parenting.
  
  
  
  To examine whether heritable temperament dimensions of fearlessness and low affiliative behaviour are associated with early callous-unemotional behaviours and whether parenting moderates these associations.
  
  
  
  Using an adoption sample (n = 561), we examined pathways from biological mother self-reported fearlessness and affiliative behaviour to child callous-unemotional behaviours via observed child fearlessness and affiliative behaviour, and whether adoptive parent observed positive parenting moderated pathways.
  
  
  
  Biological mother fearlessness predicted child callous-unemotional behaviours via earlier child fearlessness. Biological mother low affiliative behaviour predicted child callous-unemotional behaviours, although not via child affiliative behaviours. Adoptive mother positive parenting moderated the fearlessness to callous-unemotional behaviour pathway.
  
  
  
  Heritable fearlessness and low interpersonal affiliation traits contribute to the development of callous-unemotional behaviours. Positive parenting can buffer these risky pathways.
authors.affiliation: Rebecca Waller, PhD, Department of Psychology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan; Christopher J. Trentacosta, PhD, Department of Psychology, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan; Daniel S. Shaw, PhD, Department of Psychology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Philadelphia; Jenae M. Neiderhiser, PhD, Department of Psychology, The Pennsylvania State University, State College, Pennsylvania, Philadelphia; Jody M. Ganiban, PhD, Department of Psychology, The George Washington University, Washington, DC; David Reiss, MD, Yale Child Study Center, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut; Leslie D. Leve, PhD, Prevention Science Institute, University of Oregon, Eugene, Oregon; Luke W. Hyde, PhD, Department of Psychology, Institute for Social Research and Center for Human Growth and Development, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA.
authors.forename: Rebecca
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Waller
authors.affiliation: Rebecca Waller, PhD, Department of Psychology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan; Christopher J. Trentacosta, PhD, Department of Psychology, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan; Daniel S. Shaw, PhD, Department of Psychology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Philadelphia; Jenae M. Neiderhiser, PhD, Department of Psychology, The Pennsylvania State University, State College, Pennsylvania, Philadelphia; Jody M. Ganiban, PhD, Department of Psychology, The George Washington University, Washington, DC; David Reiss, MD, Yale Child Study Center, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut; Leslie D. Leve, PhD, Prevention Science Institute, University of Oregon, Eugene, Oregon; Luke W. Hyde, PhD, Department of Psychology, Institute for Social Research and Center for Human Growth and Development, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA.
authors.forename: Christopher J
authors.initials: CJ
authors.lastname: Trentacosta
authors.affiliation: Rebecca Waller, PhD, Department of Psychology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan; Christopher J. Trentacosta, PhD, Department of Psychology, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan; Daniel S. Shaw, PhD, Department of Psychology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Philadelphia; Jenae M. Neiderhiser, PhD, Department of Psychology, The Pennsylvania State University, State College, Pennsylvania, Philadelphia; Jody M. Ganiban, PhD, Department of Psychology, The George Washington University, Washington, DC; David Reiss, MD, Yale Child Study Center, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut; Leslie D. Leve, PhD, Prevention Science Institute, University of Oregon, Eugene, Oregon; Luke W. Hyde, PhD, Department of Psychology, Institute for Social Research and Center for Human Growth and Development, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA.
authors.forename: Daniel S
authors.initials: DS
authors.lastname: Shaw
authors.affiliation: Rebecca Waller, PhD, Department of Psychology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan; Christopher J. Trentacosta, PhD, Department of Psychology, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan; Daniel S. Shaw, PhD, Department of Psychology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Philadelphia; Jenae M. Neiderhiser, PhD, Department of Psychology, The Pennsylvania State University, State College, Pennsylvania, Philadelphia; Jody M. Ganiban, PhD, Department of Psychology, The George Washington University, Washington, DC; David Reiss, MD, Yale Child Study Center, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut; Leslie D. Leve, PhD, Prevention Science Institute, University of Oregon, Eugene, Oregon; Luke W. Hyde, PhD, Department of Psychology, Institute for Social Research and Center for Human Growth and Development, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA.
authors.forename: Jenae M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Neiderhiser
authors.affiliation: Rebecca Waller, PhD, Department of Psychology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan; Christopher J. Trentacosta, PhD, Department of Psychology, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan; Daniel S. Shaw, PhD, Department of Psychology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Philadelphia; Jenae M. Neiderhiser, PhD, Department of Psychology, The Pennsylvania State University, State College, Pennsylvania, Philadelphia; Jody M. Ganiban, PhD, Department of Psychology, The George Washington University, Washington, DC; David Reiss, MD, Yale Child Study Center, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut; Leslie D. Leve, PhD, Prevention Science Institute, University of Oregon, Eugene, Oregon; Luke W. Hyde, PhD, Department of Psychology, Institute for Social Research and Center for Human Growth and Development, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA.
authors.forename: Jody M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Ganiban
authors.affiliation: Rebecca Waller, PhD, Department of Psychology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan; Christopher J. Trentacosta, PhD, Department of Psychology, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan; Daniel S. Shaw, PhD, Department of Psychology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Philadelphia; Jenae M. Neiderhiser, PhD, Department of Psychology, The Pennsylvania State University, State College, Pennsylvania, Philadelphia; Jody M. Ganiban, PhD, Department of Psychology, The George Washington University, Washington, DC; David Reiss, MD, Yale Child Study Center, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut; Leslie D. Leve, PhD, Prevention Science Institute, University of Oregon, Eugene, Oregon; Luke W. Hyde, PhD, Department of Psychology, Institute for Social Research and Center for Human Growth and Development, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA.
authors.forename: David
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Reiss
authors.affiliation: Rebecca Waller, PhD, Department of Psychology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan; Christopher J. Trentacosta, PhD, Department of Psychology, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan; Daniel S. Shaw, PhD, Department of Psychology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Philadelphia; Jenae M. Neiderhiser, PhD, Department of Psychology, The Pennsylvania State University, State College, Pennsylvania, Philadelphia; Jody M. Ganiban, PhD, Department of Psychology, The George Washington University, Washington, DC; David Reiss, MD, Yale Child Study Center, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut; Leslie D. Leve, PhD, Prevention Science Institute, University of Oregon, Eugene, Oregon; Luke W. Hyde, PhD, Department of Psychology, Institute for Social Research and Center for Human Growth and Development, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA.
authors.forename: Leslie D
authors.initials: LD
authors.lastname: Leve
authors.affiliation: Rebecca Waller, PhD, Department of Psychology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan; Christopher J. Trentacosta, PhD, Department of Psychology, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan; Daniel S. Shaw, PhD, Department of Psychology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Philadelphia; Jenae M. Neiderhiser, PhD, Department of Psychology, The Pennsylvania State University, State College, Pennsylvania, Philadelphia; Jody M. Ganiban, PhD, Department of Psychology, The George Washington University, Washington, DC; David Reiss, MD, Yale Child Study Center, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut; Leslie D. Leve, PhD, Prevention Science Institute, University of Oregon, Eugene, Oregon; Luke W. Hyde, PhD, Department of Psychology, Institute for Social Research and Center for Human Growth and Development, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA lukehyde@umich.edu.
authors.forename: Luke W
authors.initials: LW
authors.lastname: Hyde
mesh_terms: D000300:Adoption; D000987:Antisocial Personality Disorder / Q000209:etiology* / Q000235:genetics; D002675:Child, Preschool; D019955:Conduct Disorder / Q000209:etiology* / Q000235:genetics; D005239:Fear / Q000502:physiology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D008297:Male; D009035:Mothers; D016487:Parenting; D012920:Social Behavior Disorders / Q000209:etiology* / Q000235:genetics; D013694:Temperament / Q000502:physiology*