title: Early math and reading achievement are associated with the error positivity.
abstract: Executive functioning (EF) and motivation are associated with academic achievement and error-related ERPs. The present study explores whether early academic skills predict variability in the error-related negativity (ERN) and error positivity (Pe). Data from 113 three- to seven-year-old children in a Go/No-Go task revealed that stronger early reading and math skills predicted a larger Pe. Closer examination revealed that this relation was quadratic and significant for children performing at or near grade level, but not significant for above-average achievers. Early academics did not predict the ERN. These findings suggest that the Pe - which reflects individual differences in motivational processes as well as attention - may be associated with early academic achievement.
authors.affiliation: University of Michigan, 530 Church Street, Ann Arbor, MI 48109-1043, United States. Electronic address: mattkim@uoregon.edu.
authors.forename: Matthew H
authors.initials: MH
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.affiliation: University of Michigan, 530 Church Street, Ann Arbor, MI 48109-1043, United States.
authors.forename: Jennie K
authors.initials: JK
authors.lastname: Grammer
authors.affiliation: University of Michigan, 530 Church Street, Ann Arbor, MI 48109-1043, United States.
authors.forename: Loren M
authors.initials: LM
authors.lastname: Marulis
authors.affiliation: University of Michigan, 530 Church Street, Ann Arbor, MI 48109-1043, United States.
authors.forename: Melisa
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Carrasco
authors.affiliation: University of Michigan, 530 Church Street, Ann Arbor, MI 48109-1043, United States.
authors.forename: Frederick J
authors.initials: FJ
authors.lastname: Morrison
authors.affiliation: University of Michigan, 530 Church Street, Ann Arbor, MI 48109-1043, United States.
authors.forename: William J
authors.initials: WJ
authors.lastname: Gehring
mesh_terms: D000124:Achievement; D001288:Attention / Q000502:physiology; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D004521:Educational Measurement / Q000379:methods; D005074:Evoked Potentials, Visual / Q000502:physiology*; D056344:Executive Function / Q000502:physiology; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008433:Mathematics / Q000639:trends*; D009042:Motivation / Q000502:physiology*; D010775:Photic Stimulation / Q000379:methods; D011932:Reading
keywords: Attention; Children; Error positivity; Math; Motivation; Reading