title: Comparative evaluation of nephroprotective potential of resveratrol and piperine on nephrotic BALB/c mice.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The objective of this study was to evaluate the nephroprotective potential of resveratrol and piperine at same dose on cationic bovine serum albumin (cBSA) induced immune complex glomerulonephritis (ICGN) in BALB/c mice.
  
  
  METHODS
  Female BALB/c mice were divided into five groups. Group I served as normal control (complete Freund's adjuvant + Saline). Two weeks later, Groups II, III, IV, and V were administered cBSA (13 mg/kg) via the caudal vein 3 times/week every alternative day for 6 weeks to induce ICGN. Simultaneously, from the 3rdweek, Groups III, IV were treated with resveratrol and piperine up to 6 weeks. Group V was treated with methylprednisolone considered as a reference standard.
  
  
  RESULTS
  There was a significant decrease in albuminuria, serum creatinine, and blood urea nitrogen in Group IV animals when compared with Group III. In addition, Group III and IV have comparable results with cBSA treated animals. Concurrently, same groups showed significantly comparable variance in antioxidant enzymes, phagocytic index, and neutrophil adhesion assay. Group IV found to be more significant in IgG1 reduction than Group III.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The findings of this study well-demonstrated that piperine has potential immunomodulatory and anti-inflammatory activity than resveratrol; therefore, piperine needs special attention in autoimmunity and inflammation research.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, Anurag Group of Institutions, Hyderabad, Telangana, India.
authors.forename: Rahul Motiram
authors.initials: RM
authors.lastname: Kakalij
authors.affiliation: Pre-Clinical Toxicology Centre, National Institute of Nutrition (ICMR), Hyderabad, Telangana, India.
authors.forename: B Dinesh
authors.initials: BD
authors.lastname: Kumar
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, Anurag Group of Institutions, Hyderabad, Telangana, India; Maratha Mandal Research Centre, Belgaum, Karnataka, India.
authors.forename: Prakash Vamanrao
authors.initials: PV
authors.lastname: Diwan
mesh_terms: D000470:Alkaloids / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D000818:Animals; D000893:Anti-Inflammatory Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D000975:Antioxidants / Q000378:metabolism; D052117:Benzodioxoles / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D002374:Catalase / Q000378:metabolism; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D005260:Female; D005921:Glomerulonephritis / Q000097:blood / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000276:immunology / Q000652:urine; D005978:Glutathione / Q000378:metabolism; D007074:Immunoglobulin G / Q000097:blood; D007668:Kidney / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000201:enzymology; D007677:Kidney Function Tests; D008807:Mice, Inbred BALB C; D010880:Piperidines / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D053284:Polyunsaturated Alkamides / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D000077185:Resveratrol; D012710:Serum Albumin, Bovine; D013267:Stilbenes / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D013482:Superoxide Dismutase / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D000470:Alkaloids; D000893:Anti-Inflammatory Agents; D000975:Antioxidants; D052117:Benzodioxoles; D007074:Immunoglobulin G; D010880:Piperidines; D053284:Polyunsaturated Alkamides; D013267:Stilbenes; D012710:Serum Albumin, Bovine; D002374:Catalase; D013482:Superoxide Dismutase; D005978:Glutathione; D000077185:Resveratrol; C008922:piperine
keywords: Glomerulonephritis; nephroprotection; piperine; prednisolone; resveratrol