title: Differences in food intake and genetic variability in taste receptors between Czech pregnant women with and without gestational diabetes mellitus.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) represents the most frequent metabolic disorder in pregnancy. Since dietary intake plays an important role in obesity and type 2 diabetes development, it is likely to be for the susceptibility to GDM too. Food preferences, driving partly the diet composition, are changing during pregnancy. Taste and genetic variability in taste receptors is an important factor in determining food preferences. Aims of our study were (1) to characterize dietary habits of pregnant women and to find possible differences in food preferences between healthy pregnant women and those with GDM and (2) to ascertain possible association of several single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in taste receptor (TR) genes with GDM.
  
  
  METHODS
  A total of 363 pregnant women (293 with GDM and 70 with physiologic pregnancy) were included in the study. Dietary pattern spanning the period of approx. 6 months preceding the time of GDM screening was assessed using a semi-quantitative food frequency questionnaire. A total of five SNPs in TR genes were selected for genotyping based on their functionality or previous associations.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Women with GDM exhibited significantly more frequent meat consumption (esp. poultry, pork and smoked meat), dairy products and sweet beverages consumption. The legumes consumption was found to be inversely correlated with fasting glycaemia (P = 0.007, Spearman). CC genotype in TAS2R9 gene (SNP rs3741845) was significantly associated with GDM (P = 0.0087, Chi-square test).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our study showed differences in dietary intake of selected food items between healthy pregnant women and those with GDM and genetic association of bitter taste receptor allele with GDM.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathophysiology, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, Kamenice 5, Brno, 625 00, Czech Republic. vbartak@med.muni.cz.
authors.forename: Vendula
authors.identifier: http://orcid.org/0000-0002-5047-4752
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Bartáková
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathophysiology, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, Kamenice 5, Brno, 625 00, Czech Republic.
authors.forename: Katarína
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Kuricová
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathophysiology, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, Kamenice 5, Brno, 625 00, Czech Republic.
authors.forename: Filip
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Zlámal
authors.affiliation: Diabetes Centre, Department of Internal Medicine, University Hospital, Brno, Brno, Czech Republic.
authors.forename: Jana
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Bělobrádková
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathophysiology, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, Kamenice 5, Brno, 625 00, Czech Republic.
authors.forename: Katetřina
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Kaňková
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D003604:Czechoslovakia; D016640:Diabetes, Gestational / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000209:etiology / Q000235:genetics* / Q000517:prevention & control; D000072001:Diet, Healthy; D066273:Diet, Western / Q000009:adverse effects; D005260:Female; D005518:Food Preferences; D056726:Genetic Association Studies; D020022:Genetic Predisposition to Disease; D006801:Humans; D010349:Patient Compliance; D020641:Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide; D011247:Pregnancy; D011296:Prenatal Diagnosis; D039401:Prenatal Nutritional Physiological Phenomena; D043562:Receptors, G-Protein-Coupled / Q000235:genetics*; D057566:Self Report; D000098706:Taste Receptors, Type 2
chemical_list: D043562:Receptors, G-Protein-Coupled; C000614594:TAS2R7 protein, human; C431926:taste receptors, type 1; D000098706:Taste Receptors, Type 2
keywords: Dietary intake; Food preferences; Genetic variability; Gestational diabetes mellitus; Single nucleotide polymorphism; Taste receptors