title: No Association Between Single-Nucleotide Polymorphism 56 (SNP56) in Phosphodiesterase 4D (PDE4D) Gene and Susceptibility to Ischemic Stroke: A Meta-Analysis of 15 Studies.
abstract: BACKGROUND Recent studies demonstrated that polymorphisms in the PDE4D gene were associated with several processes involved in the occurrence of ischemic stroke (IS). The association between specific PDE4D single-nucleotide polymorphism 56 (SNP56) and IS risk was initially identified via genome-wide association studies (GWAS), although the GWAS in different populations produced inconclusive results. Thus, we performed a meta-analysis to better explain the association between PDE4D SNP56 and IS risk. MATERIAL AND METHODS A literature search was conducted using PubMed, Embase, and Web of Science up to June 1, 2015. A fixed-effects or random-effects model was used to calculate the pooled odds ratios (ORs) based on the results from the heterogeneity tests. RESULTS Finally, we performed a meta-analysis of 15 studies, involving 8731 IS patients and 10,756 controls. The results showed nonsignificant association between PDE4D SNP56 and IS risk (T vs. A: OR=1.01, 95%CI=0.88-1.15, P=0.90). Similarly, in the subgroup analysis by ethnicity, no significant association was observed in Asian (T vs. A: OR=1.08, 95%CI=0.80-1.44, P=0.62) or European (T vs. A: OR=0.96, 95%CI=0.86-1.08, P=0.54) population. Moreover, funnel plots and Egger regression testing showed no evidence of publication bias. CONCLUSIONS In summary, current evidence suggested that PDE4D SNP56 might not be associated with an increased susceptibility to IS. However, this conclusion needs further validation by well-designed studies with large sample sizes.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China (mainland).
authors.forename: Xin-Yong
authors.initials: XY
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China (mainland).
authors.forename: Qi
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Wan
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China (mainland).
authors.forename: Dong-Ya
authors.initials: DY
authors.lastname: Zhu
keywords: Polymorphism, Genetic; Stroke; meta-analysis