title: GC-MS Analysis of Membrane-Graded Fulvic Acid and Its Activity on Promoting Wheat Seed Germination.
abstract: The chemical composition of fulvic acid (FA) with a molecular weight below 500 (FA-500) was analyzed, and its activity on promoting the seed germination of wheat was studied in this paper. The FA-500 was obtained by membrane separation technology and qualitatively and quantitatively analyzed by using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry combined with the retention index. Forty-seven constituents were identified, including structures with ester, acid and alcohol groups, which accounted for 95% of the total composition. The highest relative content of compounds was diethyl succinate and diethyl malonate, accounting for 29% and 17% of the total, respectively. Yannong 19 and Luyuan 301 wheat seeds were steeped with the FA-500 solution of different concentration respectively for two hours. Several markers were assessed: germination rate, coleoptile and radicle length, germination index, vitality index and the activity of α-amylase and (α+β) amylase. The results indicated that FA-500 had a significant effect on promoting seed germination within an appropriate concentration range. The best concentration was 0.5‰, and an inhibiting effect would appear with the increase of concentration. In the process of seed germination, FA-500 may affect the growth of the seed through influencing the amylase activity, which was related to respiration.
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Life Science and Technology, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650500, China. qiny1985@163.com.
authors.forename: Yi
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Qin
authors.affiliation: School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Sichuan University of Arts and Science, Dazhou 635000, China. zh326552917@163.com.
authors.forename: Hui
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Zhu
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Life Science and Technology, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650500, China. midylee@126.com.
authors.forename: Mi
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: Food Security Research Institute of Yunnan Province, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650500, China. 13085340138@163.com.
authors.forename: Huifen
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Life Science and Technology, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650500, China. xcheng0871@163.com.
authors.forename: Cheng
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Xiang
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Life Science and Technology, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650500, China. baocaili@hotmail.com.
authors.forename: Baocai
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Li
mesh_terms: D001578:Benzopyrans / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000494:pharmacology*; D008401:Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry / Q000379:methods*; D018506:Gene Expression Regulation, Plant / Q000187:drug effects; D018525:Germination / Q000187:drug effects*; D008970:Molecular Weight; D010940:Plant Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D012639:Seeds / Q000187:drug effects / Q000254:growth & development; D014908:Triticum / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000254:growth & development; D000516:alpha-Amylases / Q000378:metabolism; D001614:beta-Amylase / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D001578:Benzopyrans; D010940:Plant Proteins; D000516:alpha-Amylases; D001614:beta-Amylase; C005023:fulvic acid
keywords: GC-MS; chemical component; fulvic acid; membrane-graded; seed germination