title: Genomic analyses of early peri-implant bone healing in humans: a systematic review.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The objective of the study was to systematically review the literature for studies reporting gene expression analyses (GEA) of the biological processes involved in early human peri-implant bone healing.
  
  
  METHODS
  Electronic databases (MEDLINE, EMBASE) were searched in duplicate. Controlled and uncontrolled studies reporting GEA of human peri-implant tissues - including ≥5 patients and ≥2 time points - during the first 4 weeks of healing were eligible for inclusion. Methodological quality and risk of bias were also assessed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Four exploratory studies were included in reporting GEA of either tissues attached to SLA or SLActive implants after 4 to 14 days or cells attached to TiOBlast or Osseospeed implants after 3 to 7 days. A total of 111 implants from 43 patients were analyzed using validated array methods; however, considerable heterogeneity and risk of bias were detected. A consistent overall pattern of gene expression was observed; genes representing an immuno-inflammatory response were overexpressed at days 3 to 4, followed by genes representing osteogenic processes at day 7. Genes representing bone remodeling, angiogenesis, and neurogenesis were expressed concomitantly with osteogenesis. Several regulators of these processes, such as cytokines, growth factors, transcription factors, and signaling pathways, were identified. Implant surface properties seemed to influence the healing processes at various stages via differential gene expression.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Limited evidence from gene expression studies in humans indicates that osteogenic processes commence within the first post-operative week and they appear influenced at various stages by implant surface properties.
authors.affiliation: Department of Periodontology, Faculty of Odontology, Malmö University, Carl Gustafs väg 34, 214 21, Malmö, Sweden.|Centre for Oral Rehabilitation & Implant Dentistry, 1 Laxmi Niwas, 87 Bajaj Road, Vile Parle West, Mumbai, 400056, India.
authors.forename: Siddharth
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Shanbhag
authors.affiliation: Centre for Oral Rehabilitation & Implant Dentistry, 1 Laxmi Niwas, 87 Bajaj Road, Vile Parle West, Mumbai, 400056, India.
authors.forename: Vivek
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Shanbhag
authors.affiliation: Department of Periodontology, Faculty of Odontology, Malmö University, Carl Gustafs väg 34, 214 21, Malmö, Sweden. andreas.stavropoulos@mah.se.
authors.forename: Andreas
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Stavropoulos
keywords: Dental implant; Gene expression; Molecular assessment; Osseointegration