title: Dietary low-fat soy milk powder retards diabetic nephropathy progression via inhibition of renal fibrosis and renal inflammation.
abstract: Diabetic nephropathy (DN) is a major cause of end-stage renal disease. Here, we examined the effect of long-term consumption of a low-fat soy milk powder (LFSMP) on the diabetic kidney structure and function.
  
  
  
  KKAy mice were fed a casein-, LFSMP-, or high-fat soy mixture powder (HFSMP)-based diet for 4 months. Plasma and urine were subjected to a biochemical assay every 2-4 wk. Renal morphology and protein expression were evaluated by histochemical staining and western blots. Although HFSMP-based diet showed no protective effect on DN. LFSMP-fed mice exhibited lower water intake, urine output, and urinary albumin, and glucose excretion. Furthermore, strong preservation of renal structural proteins and low urinary N-acetyl-beta-d-glucosaminidase activity were observed in LFSMP-fed mice, indicating alleviation of renal injury. LFSMP-fed mice showed a lesser degree of mesangial matrix expansion, of tubulointerstitial fibrosis, and of myofibroblast differentiation. Finally, milder renal inflammation was found in LFSMP-fed mice, as evidenced by a decrease in urinary monocyte chemoattractant protein- 1 excretion and lesser macrophage infiltration into the tubulointerstitium.
  
  
  
  The present data suggests that long-term consumption of LFSMP but not HFSMP retards DN progression via suppressing renal injury, myofibroblast differentiation, and renal macrophage infiltration in diabetic condition.
authors.affiliation: Division of Agronomy and Horticultural Science, Laboratory of Soybean Renaissance, Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan.
authors.forename: Huei-Fen
authors.initials: HF
authors.lastname: Jheng
authors.affiliation: Division of Agronomy and Horticultural Science, Laboratory of Soybean Renaissance, Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan.
authors.forename: Motohiko
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Hirotsuka
authors.affiliation: Division of Food Science and Biotechnology, Laboratory of Molecular Function of Food, Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan.
authors.forename: Tsuyoshi
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Goto
authors.affiliation: Division of Agronomy and Horticultural Science, Laboratory of Soybean Renaissance, Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan.|R&D Division for Future Creation, Fuji Oil Holdings INC, Osaka, Japan.
authors.forename: Masayuki
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Shibata
authors.affiliation: Division of Agronomy and Horticultural Science, Laboratory of Quality Analysis and Assessment, Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan.
authors.forename: Yasuki
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Matsumura
authors.affiliation: Division of Food Science and Biotechnology, Laboratory of Molecular Function of Food, Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan.
authors.forename: Teruo
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Kawada
mesh_terms: D000419:Albuminuria / Q000178:diet therapy; D000818:Animals; D003921:Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental / Q000150:complications; D003924:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / Q000150:complications; D003928:Diabetic Nephropathies / Q000150:complications / Q000178:diet therapy* / Q000503:physiopathology; D004041:Dietary Fats / Q000008:administration & dosage; D005355:Fibrosis / Q000178:diet therapy; D007668:Kidney / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000473:pathology; D051379:Mice; D009393:Nephritis / Q000178:diet therapy* / Q000473:pathology; D011208:Powders; D041942:Soy Milk / Q000494:pharmacology*
chemical_list: D004041:Dietary Fats; D011208:Powders
keywords: Diabetic nephropathy; Epithelial-mesenchymal transition; Macrophage infiltration; Renal fibrosis; Soybean