title: In-hospital worsening heart failure in patients admitted for acute heart failure.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  In-hospital worsening heart failure (WHF) is predictive of worse post-discharge outcomes and has been recently used as an endpoint in clinical trials in acute heart failure (AHF).
  
  
  METHODS
  We described the clinical and prognostic significance of WHF in consecutive patients hospitalized for AHF at our institute. WHF was defined as worsening signs and symptoms of HF requiring treatment intensification. We compared WHF events by day 7 (early WHF) with WHF occurring at any time during admission. The primary endpoint was cardiovascular (CV) death and HF rehospitalizations through day 60.
  
  
  RESULTS
  We included 387 consecutive patients. Median length of stay was 11days (interquartile range 8-18days). Forty-five patients (11.6%) had WHF, HF rehospitalization, or death through day 7 whereas 90 (23.3%) had WHF or died at any time during initial hospitalization. Patients with WHF occurring any time during admission were more symptomatic, had lower systolic blood pressure, worse renal function, and higher troponins at baseline. Both early WHF and WHF at any time during hospitalization were associated with a longer length of stay and higher CV death and HF rehospitalization rates at day 60, but only WHF at any time was associated with all-cause death at day 180 (adjusted HR 2.42 95% CI 1.30, 4.52; p=0.0055) and with all-cause death any time during the follow-up period (adjusted HR 1.60 95% CI 1.02, 2.53; p=0.0425).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our study confirms the prognostic significance of WHF and shows the independent prognostic value of WHF also for long-term mortality when assessed throughout hospitalization.
authors.affiliation: Division of Cardiology, Department of Medical and Surgical Specialties, Radiological Sciences, and Public Health, University and Civil Hospital of Brescia, Brescia, Italy. Electronic address: valentina.carubelli@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Valentina
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Carubelli
authors.affiliation: Momentum Research, Inc., Durham, NC, USA.
authors.forename: Gad
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Cotter
authors.affiliation: Momentum Research, Inc., Durham, NC, USA.
authors.forename: Beth
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Davison
authors.affiliation: Department of Public Health, College of Health Sciences, Tennessee State University, Nashville, TN, USA.
authors.forename: Jemal
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Gishe
authors.affiliation: Momentum Research, Inc., Durham, NC, USA.
authors.forename: Stefanie
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Senger
authors.affiliation: Division of Cardiology, Department of Medical and Surgical Specialties, Radiological Sciences, and Public Health, University and Civil Hospital of Brescia, Brescia, Italy.
authors.forename: Ivano
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Bonadei
authors.affiliation: Division of Cardiology, Department of Medical and Surgical Specialties, Radiological Sciences, and Public Health, University and Civil Hospital of Brescia, Brescia, Italy.
authors.forename: Elio
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Gorga
authors.affiliation: Division of Cardiology, Department of Medical and Surgical Specialties, Radiological Sciences, and Public Health, University and Civil Hospital of Brescia, Brescia, Italy.
authors.forename: Valentina
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Lazzarini
authors.affiliation: Division of Cardiology, Department of Medical and Surgical Specialties, Radiological Sciences, and Public Health, University and Civil Hospital of Brescia, Brescia, Italy.
authors.forename: Carlo
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Lombardi
authors.affiliation: Division of Cardiology, Department of Medical and Surgical Specialties, Radiological Sciences, and Public Health, University and Civil Hospital of Brescia, Brescia, Italy.
authors.forename: Marco
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Metra
mesh_terms: D000208:Acute Disease; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D003643:Death; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006333:Heart Failure / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000401:mortality* / Q000503:physiopathology; D006760:Hospitalization / Q000639:trends*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010343:Patient Admission / Q000639:trends; D012189:Retrospective Studies
keywords: Acute heart failure; In-hospital worsening heart failure; Outcomes; Prognosis