title: Protective Role of Postbiotic Mediators Secreted by Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG Versus Lipopolysaccharide-induced Damage in Human Colonic Smooth Muscle Cells.
abstract: Some beneficial effects of probiotics may be due to secreted probiotic-derived factors, identified as "postbiotic" mediators. The aim of this study was to evaluate whether supernatants harvested from Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG (LGG) cultures (ATCC53103 strain) protect colonic human smooth muscle cells (HSMCs) from lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced myogenic damage.
  
  
  
  LGG was grown in de Man, Rogosa, Share medium at 37°C and samples were collected in middle and late exponential, stationary, and overnight phases. Supernatants were recovered by centrifugation, filtered, and stored at -20°C. The primary HSMCs culture was exposed for 24 hours to purified LPS of a pathogen strain of Escherichia coli (O111:B4) (1 μg/mL) with and without supernatants. Postbiotic effects were evaluated on the basis of HSMCs morphofunctional alterations and interleukin-6 (IL-6) production. Data are expressed as mean±SE (P<0.05 significant).
  
  
  
  LPS induced persistent, significant, 20.5%±0.7% cell shortening and 34.5%±2.2% decrease in acetylcholine-induced contraction of human HSMCs. These morphofunctional alterations were paralleled to a 365.65%±203.13% increase in IL-6 production. All these effects were dose-dependently reduced by LGG supernatants. Supernatants of the middle exponential phase already partially restored LPS-induced cell shortening by 57.34%±12.7% and IL-6 increase by 145.8%±4.3% but had no effect on LPS-induced inhibition of contraction. Maximal protective effects were obtained with supernatants of the late stationary phase with LPS-induced cell shortening restored by 84.1%±4.7%, inhibition of contraction by 85.5%±6.4%, and IL-6 basal production by 92.7%±1.2%.
  
  
  
  LGG-derived products are able to protect human SMCs from LPS-induced myogenic damage. Novel insights have been provided for the possibility that LGG-derived products could reduce the risk of progression to postinfective motor disorders.
authors.affiliation: Departments of *Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties †Public Health and Infectious Diseases ∥Cardiovascular, Respiratory, Nephrologic, Anesthetic and Geriatric Sciences, University Sapienza ‡Department of Therapeutic Research and Medicine Evaluation, Italian National Institute of Health §Department of Digestive and Liver Disease, S.Andrea Hospital, S. Andrea, Rome, Italy.
authors.forename: Alessia
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Cicenia
authors.forename: Floriana
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Santangelo
authors.forename: Lucrezia
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Gambardella
authors.forename: Lucia
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Pallotta
authors.forename: Valerio
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Iebba
authors.forename: Annunziata
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Scirocco
authors.forename: Massimo
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Marignani
authors.forename: Guglielmo
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Tellan
authors.forename: Marilia
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Carabotti
authors.forename: Enrico Stefano
authors.initials: ES
authors.lastname: Corazziari
authors.forename: Serena
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Schippa
authors.forename: Carola
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Severi
mesh_terms: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000378:metabolism*; D001430:Bacteriocins / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000378:metabolism*; D003106:Colon / Q000166:cytology / Q000382:microbiology; D004731:Endotoxins / Q000633:toxicity*; D006801:Humans; D052201:Lacticaseibacillus rhamnosus / Q000502:physiology*; D032389:Myocytes, Smooth Muscle / Q000187:drug effects / Q000382:microbiology*; D019936:Probiotics / Q000378:metabolism / Q000627:therapeutic use
chemical_list: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents; D001430:Bacteriocins; D004731:Endotoxins; C044101:endotoxin, Escherichia coli