title: The proteomic landscape of renal tumors.
abstract: Renal cell carcinoma (RCC) is the most fatal of the common urologic cancers, with approximately 35% of patients dying within 5 years following diagnosis. Therefore, there is a need for non-invasive markers that are capable of detecting and determining the severity of small renal masses at an early stage in order to tailor treatment and follow-up. Proteomic studies have proved to be very useful in the study of tumors. Areas covered: In this review, we will detail the current knowledge obtained by the different proteomic approaches, focusing on MS-based strategies, used to investigate RCC biology in order to identify diagnostic, prognostic and predictive biomarkers on tissue, cultured cells and biological fluids. Expert commentary: Currently, no reliable biomarkers or targets for RCC have been translated into the clinical setting. Moreover, despite the efforts of proteomics and other -omics disciplines, only a small number of them have been observed as shared targets between the different analytical platforms and biological specimens. The difficulty to define a specific molecular pattern for RCC and its subtypes highlights a peculiar profile and a heterogeneity that must be taken into account in future studies.
authors.affiliation: a Department of Medicine and Surgery , University Milan Bicocca , Monza , Italy.
authors.forename: Clizia
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Chinello
authors.affiliation: a Department of Medicine and Surgery , University Milan Bicocca , Monza , Italy.
authors.forename: Vincenzo
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: L'imperio
authors.affiliation: a Department of Medicine and Surgery , University Milan Bicocca , Monza , Italy.
authors.forename: Martina
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Stella
authors.affiliation: a Department of Medicine and Surgery , University Milan Bicocca , Monza , Italy.
authors.forename: Andrew James
authors.initials: AJ
authors.lastname: Smith
authors.affiliation: b Pathology unit , San Gerardo Hospital , Monza , Italy.
authors.forename: Giorgio
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Bovo
authors.affiliation: c Department of Specialistic Surgical Sciences, Urology unit , Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico Foundation , Milano , Italy.
authors.forename: Angelica
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Grasso
authors.affiliation: d Department of Urology , San Gerardo Hospital , Monza , Italy.
authors.forename: Marco
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Grasso
authors.affiliation: a Department of Medicine and Surgery , University Milan Bicocca , Monza , Italy.
authors.forename: Francesca
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Raimondo
authors.affiliation: a Department of Medicine and Surgery , University Milan Bicocca , Monza , Italy.
authors.forename: Marina
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Pitto
authors.affiliation: a Department of Medicine and Surgery , University Milan Bicocca , Monza , Italy.
authors.forename: Fabio
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Pagni
authors.affiliation: a Department of Medicine and Surgery , University Milan Bicocca , Monza , Italy.
authors.forename: Fulvio
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Magni
mesh_terms: D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor / Q000032:analysis; D002292:Carcinoma, Renal Cell / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000378:metabolism; D055088:Early Detection of Cancer / Q000379:methods*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007680:Kidney Neoplasms / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000378:metabolism; D008297:Male; D013058:Mass Spectrometry / Q000379:methods; D009363:Neoplasm Proteins / Q000032:analysis*; D011379:Prognosis; D040901:Proteomics / Q000379:methods*
chemical_list: D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor; D009363:Neoplasm Proteins
keywords: Renal cell carcinoma; biological fluids; biomarkers; cancer; kidney; mass spectrometry imaging; peptidome; proteome; proteomics; tissue