title: Prevalence of metabolic syndrome in female and male patients at risk of psychosis.
abstract: Metabolic Syndrome (MetS) is one of the most common factors underlying the high rate of mortality observed in patients with schizophrenia. Recent research on this topic revealed that many of the patients studied were, in fact, in a medicated state. As such, it is unclear whether MetS is causally associated with the disorder itself or the medication used to treat it. In this study, patients with a clinically high risk of expressing first episode psychosis (CHR) were examined regarding the prevalence of MetS. N=144 unmedicated and antipsychotic-naïve CHR patients, aged between 18 and 42years and suffering from unmanifested prodromal symptoms, were compared with a cohort of N=3995 individuals from the "German Metabolic and Cardiovascular Risk Study" (GEMCAS). A slightly higher prevalence of individual MetS criteria was observed in the CHR group compared to the GEMCAS sample; specifically, the following were noted: a higher blood pressure (35.0% vs. 28.0%), increased waist circumference (17.6% vs. 15.1%), and increased fasting blood glucose (9.4% vs. 4.0%) in CHR patients. Additionally, the rate of reduced HDL cholesterol concentrations was lower in the control group (20.2% vs. 13.3%).
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine-University, Duesseldorf, Germany. Electronic address: Joachim.cordes@lvr.de.
authors.forename: Joachim
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Cordes
authors.affiliation: Klinik für Psychiatrie, Psychotherapie und Psychosomatik, Vivantes Klinikum am Urban, Akademisches Lehrkrankenhaus Charite-Universitätsmedizin Berlin und Klinik für Psychiatrie und Psychotherapie, Klinikum der Universität zu Köln, Dieffenbachstr. 1, 10967 Berlin, Germany. Electronic address: andreas.bechdolf@vivantes.de.
authors.forename: Andreas
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Bechdolf
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine-University, Duesseldorf, Germany. Electronic address: Christina.engelke@lvr.de.
authors.forename: Christina
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Engelke
authors.affiliation: Klinik für Psychiatrie, Sozialpsychiatrie und Psychotherapie, Zentrum für Seelische Gesundheit, Medizinische Hochschule Hannover (MHH), Carl-Neuberg-Str. 1, 30625 Hannover, Germany. Electronic address: Kahl.Kai@mh-hannover.de.
authors.forename: Kai G
authors.initials: KG
authors.lastname: Kahl
authors.affiliation: Zentrum Urbane Epidemiologie (Cue), Institut für Medizinische Informatik, Biometrie und Epidemiologie (IMIBE), Universitätsklinikum Essen, Universität Duisburg-Essen, Hufelandstraße 55, 45147 Essen, Germany. Electronic address: cbalijepalli@redwoodoutcomes.com.
authors.forename: Chakrapani
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Balijepalli
authors.affiliation: Arbeitsgruppe Biometrie und Bioinformatik, Institut für Medizinische Informatik, Biometrie und Epidemiologie (IMIBE), Universitätsklinikum Essen, Universität Duisburg-Essen, Hufelandstraße 55, 45147 Essen, Germany. Electronic address: cloesch@gmx.net.
authors.forename: Christian
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Lösch
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Cologne, Kerpener Strasse 62, 50924 Cologne, Germany. Electronic address: joachim.klosterkoetter@uk-koeln.de.
authors.forename: Joachim
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Klosterkötter
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany. Electronic address: michael.wagner@dzne.de.
authors.forename: Michael
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Wagner
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany. Electronic address: wolfgang.maier@ukb.uni-bonn.de.
authors.forename: Wolfgang
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Maier
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Charité University Medicine Campus Mitte, Berlin, Germany. Electronic address: andreas.heinz@charite.de.
authors.forename: Andreas
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Heinz
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Charité University Medicine Campus Mitte, Berlin, Germany. Electronic address: walter.de-millas@charite.de.
authors.forename: Walter
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: de Millas
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine-University, Duesseldorf, Germany. Electronic address: wolfgang.gaebel@lvr.de.
authors.forename: Wolfgang
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Gaebel
authors.affiliation: Klinik für Anästhesiologie und Operative Intensivmedizin, Experimental and Clinical Research Center (ECRC), Charite - Universitätsmedizin, Berlin, Germany. Electronic address: Georg.Winterer@charite.de.
authors.forename: Georg
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Winterer
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine-University, Duesseldorf, Germany. Electronic address: birgit.janssen@lvr.de.
authors.forename: Birgit
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Janssen
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine-University, Duesseldorf, Germany. Electronic address: christian.schmidt-kraepelin@lvr.de.
authors.forename: Christian
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Schmidt-Kraepelin
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics, University Aachen, Aachen, Germany; Jülich-Aachen Research Alliance, JARA-BRAIN, Translational Brain Research, Germany. Electronic address: fschneider@ukaachen.de.
authors.forename: Frank
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Schneider
authors.affiliation: Psychosis Centre, Department for Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Centre for Psychosocial Medicine, University Medical Centre Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany. Electronic address: lambert@uke.de.
authors.forename: Martin
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Lambert
authors.affiliation: Westphalian Centre for Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Clinic, Ruhr University Bochum, Germany. Electronic address: g.juckel@wkp-lwl.org.
authors.forename: Georg
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Juckel
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Georg-August-University Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany. Electronic address: t.wobrock@kreiskliniken-dadi.de.
authors.forename: Thomas
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Wobrock
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Munich, Germany. Electronic address: Michael.Riedel@med.uni-muenchen.de.
authors.forename: Michael
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Riedel
authors.affiliation: Zentrum Urbane Epidemiologie (Cue), Institut für Medizinische Informatik, Biometrie und Epidemiologie (IMIBE), Universitätsklinikum Essen, Universität Duisburg-Essen, Hufelandstraße 55, 45147 Essen, Germany. Electronic address: Susanne.Moebus@uk-essen.de.
authors.forename: Susanne
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Moebus
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000097:blood; D001786:Blood Glucose; D008076:Cholesterol, HDL / Q000097:blood; D015331:Cohort Studies; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D006973:Hypertension / Q000150:complications / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000378:metabolism; D008297:Male; D024821:Metabolic Syndrome / Q000150:complications* / Q000453:epidemiology*; D015995:Prevalence; D062706:Prodromal Symptoms; D011618:Psychotic Disorders / Q000150:complications* / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000628:therapy; D012306:Risk; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; D001786:Blood Glucose; D008076:Cholesterol, HDL
keywords: Clinically high risk patients; First episode psychosis; Metabolic syndrome