title: Reconstruction of orbital floor defects assisted by transantral endoscopy.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The goal of orbital reconstruction is to restore anatomy, volume, and function. In extensive orbital floor defects, the visualization of the posterior area is limited through inferior eyelid incisions. The use of endoscope may improve the treatment; however, it is a high-sensitivity technique. The aim of this case series is to describe the combination of inferior eyelid incision with transantral endoscopy for treatment of extensive orbital floor defects.
  
  
  METHODS
  Three patients were submitted to orbital reconstruction, and the postoperative CT scans were evaluated to analyze the orbital volume and anteroposterior globe position. Surgical treatment was performed using subciliary inferior palpebral approach to explore the orbital floor and placement of the titanium mesh and an intraoral antrostomy for endoscopy to magnification of the surgical field and adaptation of the mesh.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Postoperative CT scan analysis shows that all treatments restored orbital volume and globe position without compression or damage of the optical nerve.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The use of endoscope allowed the precise visualization of the posterior region of the orbit and adaptation of the titanium mesh.
authors.affiliation: Department of Diagnosis and Surgery, Division of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Dental School at Araraquara, Unesp, Rua: Humaitá, Araraquara, SP, 1680, Brazil. lucasbmoura@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Lucas Borin
authors.initials: LB
authors.lastname: Moura
authors.affiliation: Department of Diagnosis and Surgery, Division of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Dental School at Araraquara, Unesp, Rua: Humaitá, Araraquara, SP, 1680, Brazil.
authors.forename: Marisa Aparecida Cabrini
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Gabrielli
authors.affiliation: Department of Diagnosis and Surgery, Division of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Dental School at Araraquara, Unesp, Rua: Humaitá, Araraquara, SP, 1680, Brazil.
authors.forename: Mario Francisco Real
authors.initials: MF
authors.lastname: Gabrielli
authors.affiliation: Department of Diagnosis and Surgery, Division of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Dental School at Araraquara, Unesp, Rua: Humaitá, Araraquara, SP, 1680, Brazil.
authors.forename: Valfrido Antonio Pereira
authors.initials: VA
authors.lastname: Filho
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D003131:Combined Modality Therapy; D004724:Endoscopy / Q000379:methods*; D005143:Eyelids / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000601:surgery; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D009915:Orbit / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000601:surgery*; D009917:Orbital Fractures / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000601:surgery*; D011183:Postoperative Complications / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D019736:Prostheses and Implants; D019651:Plastic Surgery Procedures / Q000379:methods*; D013526:Surgical Mesh; D014025:Titanium; D014057:Tomography, X-Ray Computed; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D014025:Titanium
keywords: Blowout fracture; Endoscopic repair; Orbital floor; Tomography