title: The role of microRNAs in islet β-cell development.
abstract: Cell-based therapies suggest novel treatments to overcome the complication of the current therapeutic approaches in diabetes mellitus type 1. Replacement of the destroyed pancreatic islet β-cells by appropriate alternative cells needs an efficient approach to differentiate the cells into viable and functional insulin producing cells. Small non-coding RNA molecules, microRNAs (miRNA), have critical roles in post-transcriptional regulation of gene expression. Therefore, they can direct the cells toward β-cell like cells and control islet β-cell development. Previous reports showed the manipulation of the miRNA expression on islet β-cell differentiation and regeneration. Likewise, the regulation of epithelial to mesenchymal transi-tion by the miR-30 family and the miR-200 family may be a useful approach to conduct islet β-cell development. Investigation of stem cells differentiation showed that the dynamic expression patterns of miR-375 and miR-7 are similar to developing human fetal pancreas while dynamic expression of miR-146a and miR-34a occurred during the differentiation. Moreover, miR-342 and its both targets, FOXA2 and MAFB, are found in β-cell differentiation and maturation. Because miRNAs can target specific transcription factors during islet β-cell development and differentiation, they could be offerred as alternative regenerative treatment for diabetes mellitus. Considering that the application of these non-coding RNAs remains limited in the literature, in this review article, we present an overview of the roles of miRNAs in the islet β-cell development, focusing on the application of different miRNAs in the experimental protocols.
authors.affiliation: Transplant Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran.
authors.forename: Maryam
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kaviani
authors.affiliation: Transplant Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran.
authors.forename: Negar
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Azarpira
authors.affiliation: Transplant Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran.
authors.forename: Mohammad Hossein
authors.initials: MH
authors.lastname: Karimi
authors.affiliation: Department of Diabetes, Endocrinology, and Metabolism, Research Institute of City of Hope, Duarte, CA.
authors.forename: Ismail
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Al-Abdullah
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002454:Cell Differentiation / Q000235:genetics; D005786:Gene Expression Regulation; D006801:Humans; D050417:Insulin-Secreting Cells / Q000166:cytology / Q000378:metabolism*; D035683:MicroRNAs / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D035683:MicroRNAs
keywords: diabetes mellitus; differentiation; gene expression; insulin producing cells; microRNAs