title: D-003 (Saccharum officinarum): The forgotten lipid-lowering agent.
abstract: Reduction of elevated cholesterol levels, particularly low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), is essential in primary and secondary prevention of cardiovascular disease (CVD). Therefore there is still a large need for new effective drugs, which would be able to essentially reduce LDL-C and in the consequence CV residual risk. D-003 is a mixture of high aliphatic primary acids purified from sugarcane (Saccharum officinarum) wax. It showed promising hypocholesterolemic effects in both animal and human studies; it significantly lowers both serum total cholesterol (TC) and LDL-C, and increases high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C). In addition, it showed a favorable safety profile. In this review, we evaluated the profile of D-003 as a lipid-lowering agent based on data from available preclinical and clinical studies.
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Medicine, Zagazig University, Egypt; Student Research Unit (SRU), Zagazig University, Egypt.
authors.forename: Kamal
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Awad
authors.affiliation: School of Pharmacy and Biomolecular Sciences, Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool, UK.
authors.forename: Peter
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Penson
authors.affiliation: Head Department of Hypertension, WAM University Hospital in Lodz, Medical University of Lodz, Zeromskiego 113, 90-549 Lodz, Poland; Polish Mother's Memorial Hospital Research Institute, Lodz, Poland. Electronic address: maciejbanach@aol.co.uk.
authors.forename: Maciej
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Banach
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000924:Anticholesteremic Agents / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use; D002318:Cardiovascular Diseases / Q000097:blood / Q000517:prevention & control*; D002784:Cholesterol / Q000097:blood / Q000378:metabolism; D005227:Fatty Acids / Q000097:blood / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D006801:Humans; D006937:Hypercholesterolemia / Q000097:blood / Q000188:drug therapy*; D000960:Hypolipidemic Agents / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D031786:Saccharum / Q000737:chemistry*
chemical_list: D000924:Anticholesteremic Agents; C418063:D-003 sugarcane wax acid mixture; D005227:Fatty Acids; D000960:Hypolipidemic Agents; D002784:Cholesterol
keywords: Cardiovascular diseases; Cholesterol; Fatty acids; Hypercholesterolemia; LDL; Saccharum