title: Combating Racial Health Disparities Through Medical Education: The Need for Anthropological and Genetic Perspectives in Medical Training.
abstract: Despite major public health initiatives, significant disparities persist among racially and ethnically defined groups in the prevalence of disease, access to medical care, quality of medical care, and health outcomes for common causes of morbidity and mortality in the United States. It is critical that we develop new and creative strategies to address such inequities; mitigate the social, environmental, institutional, and genetic determinants of poor health; and combat the persistence of racial profiling in clinical contexts that further exacerbates racial/ethnic health disparities. This article argues that medical education is a prime target for intervention and that anthropologists and human population geneticists should play a role in efforts to reform US medical curricula. Medical education would benefit greatly by incorporating anthropological and genetic perspectives on the complexities of race, human genetic variation, epigenetics, and the causes of racial/ethnic disparities. Medical students and practicing physicians should also receive training on how to use this knowledge to improve clinical practice, diagnosis, and treatment for racially diverse populations.
authors.affiliation: 1 Department of Anthropology and Population Research Center, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas.
authors.forename: Deborah A
authors.initials: DA
authors.lastname: Bolnick
mesh_terms: D015746:Abdominal Pain / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000208:ethnology* / Q000209:etiology; D000755:Anemia, Sickle Cell / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000208:ethnology*; D000883:Anthropology; D002648:Child; D003479:Curriculum; D004194:Disease / Q000208:ethnology; D004501:Education, Medical / Q000458:organization & administration*; D057890:Epigenomics; D005006:Ethnicity; D014644:Genetic Variation / Q000235:genetics*; D054624:Health Status Disparities; D054625:Healthcare Disparities / Q000208:ethnology*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D009017:Morbidity; D009026:Mortality / Q000208:ethnology; D044469:Racial Groups; D000072699:Social Segregation; D014481:United States / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000208:ethnology; D055815:Young Adult
keywords: evolutionary medicine; health disparities; human genetic variation; medical school curriculum; race