title: IncHI2 Plasmids Are Predominant in Antibiotic-ResistantSalmonellaIsolates.
abstract: The wide usage of antibiotics contributes to the increase in the prevalence of antibiotic-resistantSalmonella. Plasmids play a critical role in horizontal transfer of antibiotic resistance markers inSalmonella. This study aimed to screen and characterize plasmid profiles responsible for antibiotic resistance inSalmonellaand ultimately to clarify the molecular mechanism of transferable plasmid-mediated antibiotic resistance. A total of 226Salmonellaisolates were examined for antimicrobial susceptibility by a disk diffusion method. Thirty-two isolates (14.2%) were resistant to at least one antibiotic. The presence of plasmid-mediated quinolone resistance (PMQR) genes andβ-lactamase genes were established by PCR amplification. PCR-based replicon typing revealed that these 32 isolates represented seven plasmid incompatibility groups (IncP, HI2, A/C, FIIs, FIA, FIB, and I1), and the IncHI2 (59.4%) was predominant. Antibiotic resistance markers located on plasmids were identified through plasmid curing. Fifteen phenotypic variants were obtained with the curing efficiency of 46.9% (15/32). The cured plasmids mainly belong to the HI2 incompatibility group. The elimination of IncHI2 plasmids correlated with the loss ofβ-lactamase genes (blaOXA-1andblaTEM-1) and PMQR genes (qnrAandaac(6')-Ib-cr). Both IncHI2 and IncI1 plasmids in aS. entericaserovar Indiana isolate SJTUF 10584 were lost by curing. TheblaCMY -2-carrying plasmid pS10584 from SJTUF 10584 was fully sequenced. Sequence analysis revealed that it possessed a plasmid scaffold typical for IncI1 plasmids with the unique genetic arrangement of IS1294-ΔISEcp1-blaCMY -2-blc-sugE-ΔecnRinserted into the colicin genecia. These data suggested that IncHI2 was the major plasmid lineage contributing to the dissemination of antibiotic resistance inSalmonellaand the activity of multiple mobile genetic elements may contribute to antibiotic resistance evolution and dissemination between different plasmid replicons.
authors.affiliation: Ministry of Science and Technology-United States Department of Agriculture Joint Research Center for Food Safety, School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Shanghai, China.
authors.forename: Wenyao
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.affiliation: Ministry of Science and Technology-United States Department of Agriculture Joint Research Center for Food Safety, School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Shanghai, China.
authors.forename: Tingzi
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Fang
authors.affiliation: Ministry of Science and Technology-United States Department of Agriculture Joint Research Center for Food Safety, School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Shanghai, China.
authors.forename: Xiujuan
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Zhou
authors.affiliation: Ministry of Science and Technology-United States Department of Agriculture Joint Research Center for Food Safety, School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Shanghai, China.
authors.forename: Daofeng
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: Ministry of Science and Technology-United States Department of Agriculture Joint Research Center for Food Safety, School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Shanghai, China.
authors.forename: Xianming
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Shi
authors.affiliation: Ministry of Science and Technology-United States Department of Agriculture Joint Research Center for Food Safety, School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Shanghai, China.
authors.forename: Chunlei
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Shi
keywords: IncHI2; Salmonella; antibiotic resistance; plasmid curing; plasmid sequencing; replicon typing