title: Proanthocyanidin protects against acute zearalenone-induced testicular oxidative damage in male mice.
abstract: Zearalenone (ZEN) exerts a major effect on human and animal health and has led to serious worldwide economic problems. In this study, we investigated whether proanthocyanidin (PC) can prevent ZEN-induced testicular oxidative damage in male mice and explored the underlying mechanism. Kunming mice were injected with ZEN (40 mg kg-1) on the 11th day after intragastric administration of PC (75 or 150 mg/kg) for 10 days; the sperm quality of mice was then analysed statistically. Additionally, testicular morphology parameters related to oxidative damage, apoptosis and the expression of endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress-related genes (GRP78, CHOP and XBP-1) were all measured. Results showed that ZEN exposure significantly reduced the sperm density, improved the sperm aberration rate, increased the MDA level and reduced SOD and GSH-Px activities. Meanwhile, ZEN was attributed to the downregulation of the expressions of the gene and protein of Bcl-2 and upregulation of the expressions of the gene and protein of Bax and caspase-3. ZEN exposure also upregulated the mRNA expression of GRP78, CHOP and XBP-1; however, PC pre-treatment reduced ZEN-induced oxidative damage and tended to maintain normal testicular morphology. Furthermore, PC pre-treatment substantially downregulated the expressions of the GRP78, CHOP and XBP-1 and upregulated the expression of the Bcl-2 gene. In conclusion, PC, due to its anti-oxidative ability, could ameliorate ZEN-induced testicular reproductive toxicity in male mice by decreasing ER stress and testicular cell apoptosis.
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of Zoonosis of Liaoning Province, College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, Liaoning, 110866, China.
authors.forename: Miao
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Long
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of Zoonosis of Liaoning Province, College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, Liaoning, 110866, China.
authors.forename: Shuhua
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of Zoonosis of Liaoning Province, College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, Liaoning, 110866, China.
authors.forename: Yi
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of Zoonosis of Liaoning Province, College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, Liaoning, 110866, China.
authors.forename: Peng
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of Zoonosis of Liaoning Province, College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, Liaoning, 110866, China.
authors.forename: Jianxin
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Han
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of Zoonosis of Liaoning Province, College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, Liaoning, 110866, China.
authors.forename: Shuang
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Dong
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of Zoonosis of Liaoning Province, College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, Liaoning, 110866, China.
authors.forename: Xinliang
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of Zoonosis of Liaoning Province, College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, Liaoning, 110866, China. jianbinhe69@126.com.
authors.forename: Jianbin
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: He
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000975:Antioxidants / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology*; D017209:Apoptosis / Q000187:drug effects; D053148:Caspase 3 / Q000378:metabolism; D000091342:Endoplasmic Reticulum Chaperone BiP; D059865:Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress / Q000187:drug effects / Q000235:genetics; D004785:Environmental Pollutants / Q000633:toxicity*; D006360:Heat-Shock Proteins / Q000235:genetics; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D008815:Mice, Inbred Strains; D018384:Oxidative Stress / Q000187:drug effects*; D044945:Proanthocyanidins / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology*; D013737:Testis / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D015854:Up-Regulation / Q000187:drug effects; D015025:Zearalenone / Q000633:toxicity*
chemical_list: D000975:Antioxidants; D000091342:Endoplasmic Reticulum Chaperone BiP; D004785:Environmental Pollutants; C000717247:HSPA5 protein, human; D006360:Heat-Shock Proteins; C000717248:Hspa5 protein, mouse; D044945:Proanthocyanidins; C013221:proanthocyanidin; D015025:Zearalenone; D053148:Caspase 3
keywords: Apoptosis; Mice testis; Oxidative damage; Proanthocyanidin; Zearaleone