title: Transcarotid Transcatheter Aortic Valve Replacement: General or Local Anesthesia.
abstract: The study sought to assess the safety and efficacy of a minimally invasive strategy (MIS) (local anesthesia and conscious sedation) compared to general anesthesia (GA) among the largest published cohort of patients undergoing transcarotid transcatheter aortic valve replacement (TAVR).
  
  
  
  Transcarotid TAVR has been shown to be feasible and safe. There is, however, no information pertaining to the mode anesthesia in these procedures.
  
  
  
  Between 2009 and 2014, 174 patients underwent transcarotid TAVR at 2 French centers. All patients were unsuitable for transfemoral TAVR due to severe peripheral vascular disease. An MIS was undertaken in 29.8% (n = 52) and GA in 70.1% (n = 122). One-year clinical outcomes were available in all patients and were described according to the Valve Academic Research Consortium-2 consensus.
  
  
  
  Transcarotid vascular access and transcatheter valve deployment was successful in all cases. Thirty-day mortality was 7.4% (n = 13) and 1-year all-cause and cardiovascular mortality were 12.6% (n = 22) and 8.0% (n = 14), respectively. According to the type of anesthesia, there was no between group difference in 30-day mortality (GA 7.3% vs. MIS 7.6%; p = 0.94), 1-year mortality (GA 13.9% vs. MIS 9.6%; p = 0.43), 1-month clinical efficacy (GA 85.2% vs. MIS 94.2%; p = 0.09), and early safety (GA 77.8% vs. MIS 86.5%; p = 0.18). There were 10 (5.7%) periprocedural cerebrovascular events: 4 strokes (2.2%) and 6 transient ischemic attacks (3.4%) among those treated with GA. There was neither stroke nor transient ischemic attack in the MIS group (p < 0.001).
  
  
  
  The transcarotid approach for TAVR is feasible using general or local anesthesia. A higher rate of perioperative strokes was observed with GA.
authors.affiliation: Heart Team, Cardiology and Cardiovascular Surgery Departments, Institut Cardiopulmonaire, CHRU Lille, Lille, France.
authors.forename: Nicolas
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Debry
authors.affiliation: Heart Team, Cardiology and Cardiovascular Surgery Departments, Institut Cardiopulmonaire, CHRU Lille, Lille, France.
authors.forename: Cédric
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Delhaye
authors.affiliation: Heart Team, Cardiology and Cardiovascular Surgery Departments, Centre Médico-Chirurgical Marie Lannelongue (CCML), Le Plessis-Robinson, France.
authors.forename: Alexandre
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Azmoun
authors.affiliation: Heart Team, Cardiology and Cardiovascular Surgery Departments, Centre Médico-Chirurgical Marie Lannelongue (CCML), Le Plessis-Robinson, France.
authors.forename: Ramzi
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Ramadan
authors.affiliation: Heart Team, Cardiology and Cardiovascular Surgery Departments, Centre Médico-Chirurgical Marie Lannelongue (CCML), Le Plessis-Robinson, France.
authors.forename: Sahbi
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Fradi
authors.affiliation: Heart Team, Cardiology and Cardiovascular Surgery Departments, Centre Médico-Chirurgical Marie Lannelongue (CCML), Le Plessis-Robinson, France.
authors.forename: Philippe
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Brenot
authors.affiliation: Heart Team, Cardiology and Cardiovascular Surgery Departments, Institut Cardiopulmonaire, CHRU Lille, Lille, France.
authors.forename: Arnaud
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Sudre
authors.affiliation: Heart Team, Cardiology and Cardiovascular Surgery Departments, Institut Cardiopulmonaire, CHRU Lille, Lille, France.
authors.forename: Mouhamed Djahoum
authors.initials: MD
authors.lastname: Moussa
authors.affiliation: Clinique Pasteur, Toulouse, France.
authors.forename: Didier
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Tchetche
authors.affiliation: Heart Team, Cardiology and Cardiovascular Surgery Departments, Centre Médico-Chirurgical Marie Lannelongue (CCML), Le Plessis-Robinson, France.
authors.forename: Said
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Ghostine
authors.affiliation: Galway University Hospitals, Galway, Ireland.
authors.forename: Darren
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Mylotte
authors.affiliation: Heart Team, Cardiology and Cardiovascular Surgery Departments, Institut Cardiopulmonaire, CHRU Lille, Lille, France. Electronic address: t1modine@yahoo.fr.
authors.forename: Thomas
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Modine
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000768:Anesthesia, General / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000401:mortality; D000772:Anesthesia, Local / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000401:mortality; D001021:Aortic Valve / Q000601:surgery*; D017536:Carotid Artery, Common; D016208:Databases, Factual; D005260:Female; D005602:France; D006801:Humans; D002546:Ischemic Attack, Transient / Q000209:etiology; D053208:Kaplan-Meier Estimate; D008297:Male; D016016:Proportional Hazards Models; D011677:Punctures; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D018570:Risk Assessment; D012307:Risk Factors; D020521:Stroke / Q000209:etiology; D013997:Time Factors; D065467:Transcatheter Aortic Valve Replacement / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000379:methods* / Q000401:mortality; D016896:Treatment Outcome
keywords: aortic stenosis; general anesthesia; local anesthesia; transcarotid access; transcatheter aortic valve replacement