title: Green Extraction from Pomegranate Marcs for the Production of Functional Foods and Cosmetics.
abstract: The aim of this study was to investigate the potential of retrieving polyphenolic antioxidants directly from wet pomegranate marcs: the fresh by-products obtained after pomegranate juice processing. These by-products mainly consist of internal membranes (endocarp) and aril residues. Even if they are still edible, they are usually discharged during juice production and, thus, they represent a great challenge in an eco-sustainable industrial context. Green technologies, such as ultrasound assisted extraction (UAE) and microwave assisted extraction (MAE), have been employed to convert these organic residues into recycled products with high added value. UAE and MAE were used both in parallel and in series in order to make a comparison and to ensure exhaustive extractions, respectively. Water, as an environmentally friendly extraction solvent, has been employed. The results were compared with those ones coming from a conventional extraction. The most promising extract, in terms of total polyphenol yield and radical scavenging activity, has been tested both as a potential natural additive and as a functional ingredient after its incorporation in a real food model and in a real cosmetic matrix, respectively. This study represents a proposal to the agro-alimentary sector given the general need of environmental "responsible care".
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacy, University of Genoa, Viale Cembrano 4, I-16148 Genoa, Italy. boggia@difar.unige.it.
authors.forename: Raffaella
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Boggia
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacy, University of Genoa, Viale Cembrano 4, I-16148 Genoa, Italy. turrini@difar.unige.it.
authors.forename: Federica
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Turrini
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacy, University of Genoa, Viale Cembrano 4, I-16148 Genoa, Italy. villa@difar.unige.it.
authors.forename: Carla
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Villa
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacy, University of Genoa, Viale Cembrano 4, I-16148 Genoa, Italy. lacapra@difar.unige.it.
authors.forename: Chiara
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Lacapra
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacy, University of Genoa, Viale Cembrano 4, I-16148 Genoa, Italy. zunin@difar.unige.it.
authors.forename: Paola
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Zunin
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacy, University of Genoa, Viale Cembrano 4, I-16148 Genoa, Italy. parodi@difar.unige.it.
authors.forename: Brunella
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Parodi
keywords: enriched foods and cosmetics; microwave-assisted extraction (MAE); ultrasound-assisted extraction (UAE); waste valorization