title: Inducing cellular senescencein vitroby using genetically encoded photosensitizers.
abstract: Cellular senescence, a form of cell cycle arrest, is one of the cellular responses to different types of exogenous and endogenous damage. The senescence phenotype can be inducedin vitroby oncogene overexpression and/or DNA damage. Recently, we have reported a novel mechanism of cellular senescence induction by mild genotoxic stress. Specifically, we have shown that the formation of a small number of DNA lesions in normal and cancer cells during S phase leads to cellular senescence-like arrest within the same cell cycle. Here, based on this mechanism, we suggest an approach to remotely induce premature senescence in human cell cultures using short-term light irradiation. We used the genetically encoded photosensitizers, tandem KillerRed and miniSOG, targeted to chromatin by fusion to core histone H2B to induce moderate levels of DNA damage by light in S phase cells. We showed that the cells that express the H2B-fused photosensitizers acquire a senescence phenotype upon illumination with the appropriate light source. Furthermore, we demonstrated that both chromatin-targeted tandem KillerRed (produces O2¯) and miniSOG (produces1O2) induce single-stranded DNA breaks upon light illumination. Interestingly, miniSOG was also able to induce double-stranded DNA breaks.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Gene Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, 119334 Moscow, Russia.
authors.forename: Nadezhda V
authors.initials: NV
authors.lastname: Petrova
authors.affiliation: Institute of Gene Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, 119334 Moscow, Russia.
authors.forename: Artem V
authors.initials: AV
authors.lastname: Luzhin
authors.affiliation: Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, 117997 Moscow, Russia.
authors.forename: Ekaterina O
authors.initials: EO
authors.lastname: Serebrovskaya
authors.affiliation: Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, 117997 Moscow, Russia.
authors.forename: Alina P
authors.initials: AP
authors.lastname: Ryumina
authors.affiliation: Institute of Gene Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, 119334 Moscow, Russia.
authors.forename: Artem K
authors.initials: AK
authors.lastname: Velichko
authors.affiliation: Institute of Gene Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, 119334 Moscow, Russia.|Department of Molecular Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119991 Moscow, Russia.|LIA 1066 French-Russian Joint Cancer Research Laboratory, 94805 Villejuif, France.
authors.forename: Sergey V
authors.initials: SV
authors.lastname: Razin
authors.affiliation: Institute of Gene Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, 119334 Moscow, Russia.|LIA 1066 French-Russian Joint Cancer Research Laboratory, 94805 Villejuif, France.
authors.forename: Omar L
authors.initials: OL
authors.lastname: Kantidze
mesh_terms: D016922:Cellular Senescence / Q000235:genetics*; D053903:DNA Breaks, Double-Stranded; D053904:DNA Breaks, Single-Stranded; D006801:Humans; D008027:Light; D017319:Photosensitizing Agents / Q000494:pharmacology*; D016196:S Phase / Q000235:genetics
chemical_list: D017319:Photosensitizing Agents
keywords: DNA damage; KillerRed; cellular senescence; miniSOG; optogenetics