title: Hovenia Dulcis Extract Reduces Lipid Accumulation in Oleic Acid-Induced Steatosis of Hep G2 Cells via Activation of AMPK and PPARα/CPT-1 Pathway and in Acute Hyperlipidemia Mouse Model.
abstract: Hovenia dulcis Thunb. (HDT) was known to have anti-fatigue, anti-diabetes, neuroprotective, and hepatoprotective effects. In the present study, the anti-fatty liver mechanism of HDT was elucidated in oleic acid (OA)-treated Hep G2 cells and acute hyperlipidemia mouse model using Triton WR-1339. Here, HDT activated p-AMP-activated protein kinase (p-AMPK), proliferator activated receptor-α, carnitine palmitoyltransferase and also inhibited the expression of lipogenesis and cholesterol synthesis proteins, such as 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA reductase, sterol regulatory element binding protein-1c, SREBP-2, and fatty acid synthase in OA-treated Hep G2 cells. Conversely, AMPK inhibitor compound C blocked the anti-fatty liver effect of HDT to induce AMPK phosphorylation and decrease 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA reductase and lipid accumulation by oil red O staining in OA-treated Hep G2 cells. Additionally, HDT pretreatment protected against the increase of serum total cholesterol, triglyceride, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol and phospholipid in an acute hyperlipidemia mouse model with enhancement of glutathione reductase, glutathione peroxidase, superoxide dismutase, and catalase activities. Taken together, HDT inhibits OA-induced hepatic lipid accumulation via activation of AMPK and proliferator activated receptor-α/carnitine palmitoyltransferase signaling and enhancement of antioxidant activity as a potent candidate for nonalcoholic fatty liver disease and hyperlipidemia. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
authors.affiliation: College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, 130-701, Korea.
authors.forename: Bonglee
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.affiliation: Kwang dong Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Seoul, 137-875, Korea.
authors.forename: Moon-Jea
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Woo
authors.affiliation: Kwang dong Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Seoul, 137-875, Korea.
authors.forename: Chul-Soo
authors.initials: CS
authors.lastname: Park
authors.affiliation: Kwang dong Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Seoul, 137-875, Korea.
authors.forename: Sang-Hun
authors.initials: SH
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.affiliation: Kwang dong Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Seoul, 137-875, Korea.
authors.forename: Jin-Soo
authors.initials: JS
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.affiliation: College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, 130-701, Korea.
authors.forename: Boim
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.affiliation: College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, 130-701, Korea.
authors.forename: Seho
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: An
authors.affiliation: College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, 130-701, Korea.
authors.forename: Sung-Hoon
authors.initials: SH
authors.lastname: Kim
mesh_terms: D055372:AMP-Activated Protein Kinases / Q000378:metabolism*; D000818:Animals; D002334:Carnitine O-Palmitoyltransferase / Q000378:metabolism; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D006801:Humans; D006949:Hyperlipidemias / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism; D050356:Lipid Metabolism / Q000187:drug effects*; D008077:Lipoproteins, LDL / Q000378:metabolism; D008099:Liver / Q000473:pathology*; D051379:Mice; D065626:Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000378:metabolism; D019301:Oleic Acid / Q000737:chemistry*; D047493:PPAR alpha / Q000378:metabolism*; D027823:Rhamnaceae / Q000737:chemistry*; D012639:Seeds / Q000737:chemistry*
chemical_list: D008077:Lipoproteins, LDL; D047493:PPAR alpha; D019301:Oleic Acid; D002334:Carnitine O-Palmitoyltransferase; D055372:AMP-Activated Protein Kinases
keywords: AMPK; CPT-1; Hovenia dulcis; PPARα; Triton WR-1339; fatty liver