title: Difference in urinary stone composition between Uyghur and Han children with urolithiasis.
abstract: The Objective of this study is to analyze the difference in renal stone composition between Uyghur and Han children with urolithiasis in China and possible reasons. From May 2011 to September 2013, we analyzed the stone compositions of 274 Chinese children with urolithiasis, including 151 Uyghur children from Xinjiang Province and 123 Han children from Guangdong Province. All the stone components were determined by Infrared spectroscopy and the main components were recorded. We also evaluated the data, including age, gender and geographic region of the patients. The mean age of Uyghur children was less than Han children (5.3 ± 4.2 vs 8.6 ± 5.7 years, p < 0.001). Calcium oxalate (CaOx) was the main stone composition in both Uyghur (35.1 %) and Han (64.2 %) children, but was more common in Han children (p < 0.0001). Cystine stone was also more abundant in Han children (8.9 % vs 0.7 %, p = 0.001). While, both uric acid (20.5 % vs 3.3 %, p < 0.0001) and magnesium ammonium phosphate (16.6 % vs 2.5 %, p < 0.0001) stones were more common in Uyghur. Interestingly, the significant differences in stone composition between the two groups were only observed in males. When the pediatric patients were further divided into three age groups which were 0-5, 6-12 and >12, the prevalence of calcium oxalate stones increased with age in both groups and was higher in Han children at each age level. The compositions of urinary stones were significantly different between Uyghur and Han children with urolithiasis, factors such as diet habit, life style, genetic diversity, environmental and medical conditions may all contribute to the variances.
authors.affiliation: Guangdong Key Laboratory of Urology, Department of Urology, Minimally Invasive Surgery Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510230, China.
authors.forename: Yang
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, China.
authors.forename: Anniwaer
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Yasheng
authors.affiliation: Guangdong Key Laboratory of Urology, Department of Urology, Minimally Invasive Surgery Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510230, China.
authors.forename: Kang
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.affiliation: Guangdong Key Laboratory of Urology, Department of Urology, Minimally Invasive Surgery Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510230, China.
authors.forename: Chuangxin
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Lan
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, China.
authors.forename: Hamulati
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Tusong
authors.affiliation: Guangdong Key Laboratory of Urology, Department of Urology, Minimally Invasive Surgery Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510230, China.
authors.forename: Lili
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Ou
authors.affiliation: Guangdong Key Laboratory of Urology, Department of Urology, Minimally Invasive Surgery Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510230, China.
authors.forename: Yeping
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Liang
authors.affiliation: Division of Urology, Department of Science, Intervention and Technology, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden.
authors.forename: Hans-Göran
authors.initials: HG
authors.lastname: Tiselius
authors.affiliation: Guangdong Key Laboratory of Urology, Department of Urology, Minimally Invasive Surgery Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510230, China.
authors.forename: Guohua
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Zeng
authors.affiliation: Guangdong Key Laboratory of Urology, Department of Urology, Minimally Invasive Surgery Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510230, China. wwqwml@163.com.
authors.forename: Wenqi
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Wu
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000367:Age Factors; D002129:Calcium Oxalate / Q000737:chemistry / Q000652:urine; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D002681:China / Q000453:epidemiology; D003553:Cystine / Q000737:chemistry; D003555:Cystinuria / Q000652:urine; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D008297:Male; D015995:Prevalence; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012737:Sex Factors; D013055:Spectrophotometry, Infrared; D000069877:Struvite / Q000737:chemistry / Q000652:urine; D014527:Uric Acid / Q000737:chemistry / Q000652:urine; D014545:Urinary Calculi / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000208:ethnology* / Q000652:urine
chemical_list: D002129:Calcium Oxalate; D014527:Uric Acid; D003553:Cystine; D000069877:Struvite
keywords: Ammonium urate; Infrared spectroscopy; Pediatric; Stone composition; Urolithiasis