title: Heat shock protein 83 plays pleiotropic roles in embryogenesis, longevity, and fecundity of the pea aphid Acyrthosiphon pisum.
abstract: Heat shock protein 83 (HSP83) is homologous to the chaperone HSP90. It has pleiotropic functions in Drosophila melanogaster, including the control of longevity and fecundity, and facilitates morphological evolution by buffering cryptic deleterious mutations in wild populations. In the pea aphid Acyrthosiphon pisum, HSP83 expression is moderately induced by bacterial infection but upregulated more strongly in response to heat stress and fungal infection. Stress-inducible heat shock proteins are of considerable evolutionary and ecological importance because they are known to buffer environmental variation and to influence fitness under non-optimal conditions. To investigate the functions of HSP83 in viviparous aphids, we used RNA interference to attenuate its expression and studied the impact on complex parameters. The RNA interference (RNAi)-mediated depletion of HSP83 expression in A. pisum reduced both longevity and fecundity, suggesting this chaperone has an evolutionarily conserved function in insects. Surprisingly, HSP83 depletion reduced the number of viviparous offspring while simultaneously increasing the number of premature nymphs developing in the ovaries, suggesting an unexpected role in aphid embryogenesis and eclosion. The present study indicates that reduced HSP83 expression in A. pisum reveals both functional similarities and differences compared with its reported roles in holometabolous insects. Its impact on aphid lifespan, fecundity, and embryogenesis suggests a function that determines their fitness. This could be achieved by targeting different client proteins, recruiting distinct co-chaperones or transposon activation.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Insect Biotechnology, Justus-Liebig-University of Giessen, Heinrich-Buff-Ring 26-32, 35392, Giessen, Germany.|Institute of Phytopathology, Justus-Liebig-University of Giessen, Heinrich-Buff-Ring 26-32, 35392, Giessen, Germany.
authors.forename: Torsten
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Will
authors.affiliation: Institute of Insect Biotechnology, Justus-Liebig-University of Giessen, Heinrich-Buff-Ring 26-32, 35392, Giessen, Germany.
authors.forename: Henrike
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Schmidtberg
authors.affiliation: Fraunhofer-Institute for Molecular Biology and Applied Ecology (IME) Project Group 'Bioresources', Winchesterstraße 2, 35394, Giessen, Germany.
authors.forename: Marisa
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Skaljac
authors.affiliation: Institute of Insect Biotechnology, Justus-Liebig-University of Giessen, Heinrich-Buff-Ring 26-32, 35392, Giessen, Germany. andreas.vilcinskas@agrar.uni-giessen.de.|Fraunhofer-Institute for Molecular Biology and Applied Ecology (IME) Project Group 'Bioresources', Winchesterstraße 2, 35394, Giessen, Germany. andreas.vilcinskas@agrar.uni-giessen.de.
authors.forename: Andreas
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Vilcinskas
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001042:Aphids / Q000254:growth & development / Q000502:physiology*; D029721:Drosophila Proteins / Q000378:metabolism*; D047108:Embryonic Development; D005260:Female; D005298:Fertility; D006360:Heat-Shock Proteins / Q000378:metabolism*; D019476:Insect Proteins / Q000378:metabolism*; D008136:Longevity
chemical_list: D029721:Drosophila Proteins; D006360:Heat-Shock Proteins; C089272:Hsp83 protein, Drosophila; D019476:Insect Proteins
keywords: Acyrthosiphon pisum; Development; Epigenetics; Fecundity; HSP83; HSP90; Longevity; Viviparous reproduction