title: Small interfering RNA-mediated silencing of nicotinamide phosphoribosyltransferase (NAMPT) and lysosomal trafficking regulator (LYST) induce growth inhibition and apoptosis in human multiple myeloma cells: A preliminary study.
abstract: Multiple myeloma (MM) is a malignancy of B lymphocytes or plasma cells. Our array-based comparative genomic hybridization findings revealed chromosomal gains at 7q22.3 and 1q42.3, where nicotinamide (NAM) phosphoribosyltransferase (NAMPT) and lysosomal trafficking regulator (LYST) genes are localized, respectively. This led us to further study the functions of these genes in myeloma cells. NAMPT is a key enzyme involved in nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide salvage pathway, and it is frequently overexpressed in human cancers. In contrast, little is known about the function of LYST in cancer. The expression of LYST is shown to affect lysosomal size, granule size, and autophagy in human cells. In this study, the effects of small interfering RNA (siRNA)-mediated silencing of NAMPT and LYST on cell proliferation and apoptosis were evaluated in RPMI 8226 myeloma cells. Transfection efficiencies were determined by quantitative real time reverse transcriptase PCR. Cell proliferation was determined using MTT assay, while apoptosis was analyzed with flow cytometry using Annexin V-fluorescein isothiocyanate/propidium iodide assay. The NAMPT protein expression in siRNA-treated cells was estimated by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Our results showed that NAMPT and LYST were successfully knockdown by siRNA transfection (p < 0.05). NAMPT or LYST gene silencing significantly inhibited cell proliferation and induced apoptosis in RPMI 8226 cells (p < 0.05). Silencing of NAMPT gene also decreased NAMPT protein levels (p < 0.01). Our study demonstrated that NAMPT and LYST play pivotal roles in the molecular pathogenesis of MM. This is the first report describing the possible functions of LYST in myelomagenesis and its potential role as a therapeutic target in MM.
authors.affiliation: Haematology Unit, Cancer Research Centre, Institute for Medical Research, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia; Department of Genetics and Molecular Biology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia. ivyna@imr.gov.my.
authors.forename: Ivyna Pau Ni
authors.initials: IP
authors.lastname: Bong
authors.forename: Ching Ching
authors.initials: CC
authors.lastname: Ng
authors.forename: Shaik Kamal
authors.initials: SK
authors.lastname: Fakiruddin
authors.forename: Moon Nian
authors.initials: MN
authors.lastname: Lim
authors.forename: Zubaidah
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Zakaria
mesh_terms: D017209:Apoptosis / Q000187:drug effects*; D045744:Cell Line, Tumor; D049109:Cell Proliferation; D016207:Cytokines / Q000235:genetics*; D055785:Gene Knockdown Techniques; D020868:Gene Silencing; D015316:Genetic Therapy; D006801:Humans; D009101:Multiple Myeloma / Q000235:genetics* / Q000628:therapy*; D009363:Neoplasm Proteins / Q000096:biosynthesis; D054409:Nicotinamide Phosphoribosyltransferase / Q000235:genetics*; D034741:RNA, Small Interfering / Q000494:pharmacology*; D033921:Vesicular Transport Proteins / Q000235:genetics*
chemical_list: D016207:Cytokines; C102161:LYST protein, human; D009363:Neoplasm Proteins; D034741:RNA, Small Interfering; D033921:Vesicular Transport Proteins; D054409:Nicotinamide Phosphoribosyltransferase; C085455:nicotinamide phosphoribosyltransferase, human