title: Concomitant Disorders in School-Age Children Who Stutter.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The purposes of this survey study were to (a) determine the number of children who stutter with verified concomitant phonological and language disorders, (b) determine the number of children who stutter with suspected concomitant phonological and language disorders, and (c) determine the type of treatment clinicians use with these children.
  
  
  METHODS
  A systematic sampling plan was used to obtain survey responses from 241 American Speech-Language-Hearing Association (ASHA)-certified, school-based speech-language pathologists from 10 states that were considered to have similar state verification criteria for fluency, articulation/phonology, and language disorders. Respondents were asked to provide information concerning verified and suspected concomitant disorders in children who stutter. They also were asked to select one of four types of intervention approaches suggested by Bernstein Ratner (1995) in treating concomitant disorders in stuttering (i.e., blended, cyclic, sequential, and concurrent).
  
  
  RESULTS
  The speech-language pathologists reported on 467 children who stuttered. Of that total, 262 (56%) children had a fluency disorder only and 205 (44%) had a verified concomitant phonological and/or language disorder. A subgroup of children with verified fluency-only disorders were suspected of having a concomitant disorder. When treating a fluency and a concomitant phonological and/or language disorder, the majority of clinicians used a blended approach.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Using similar state verification guidelines, this survey showed that a large percentage of preschool through high school students possessed a verified fluency disorder and a phonological and/or language disorder. Thus, clinicians need to be aware of the strong possibility that school-age children who stutter might have a phonological disorder and/or a language disorder. Additionally, because the majority of respondents used a blended treatment approach when treating children with a fluency and a verified concomitant phonological and/or language disorder, it appears that many school-based clinicians believe it is best to address both problems simultaneously.
authors.affiliation: Aurora Public Schools, Aurora, NE.
authors.forename: Jennifer
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Arndt
authors.affiliation: University of Nebraska-Lincoln.
authors.forename: E Charles
authors.initials: EC
authors.lastname: Healey