title: Evaluation of wound healing activity of cow urine ark in diabetic Wistar albino rats.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate wound healing activity of cow urine ark in diabetic rats.
  
  
  METHODS
  Streptozotocin-induced diabetic Wistar albino rats were randomly divided into six groups (n= 6). Three groups - diabetic control, active control (glibenclamide), and treatment (cow urine ark) were operated for excision wounds (EWs). Rats in these groups received distilled water 1 ml/day, glibenclamide 0.5 mg/kg body weight/day, and cow urine ark 5.5 ml/kg body weight/day orally till complete healing of the EWs. EWs were evaluated for wound contraction on 3rd, 7th, and 11thday and for reepithelization on 11thday. The other three groups were operated for incision wounds (IW) as well as dead space wounds (DW) in the same animal which received the above agents orally for 11 days. IWs were analyzed for wound breaking strength and DWs were analyzed for dry weight, hydroxyproline content, and histology of granulation tissue.
  
  
  RESULTS
  EWs showed significantly increased wound closure in the treatment group as compared to the diabetic as well as active control groups at 3rd(P< 0.001) and 11th(P< 0.05) post-wounding day and to the only diabetic control group at 7th(P< 0.01) post-wounding day. IWs showed significant improvement in wound breaking strength in the treatment as compared to diabetic (P< 0.001) and active control (P< 0.01) groups. DWs showed significant increase in hydroxyproline content of granulation tissue in the treatment as compared to diabetic control (P< 0.001) and active control (P< 0.001) groups. Wound breaking strength and hydroxyproline content also significantly increased in the active control group compared to diabetic control (P< 0.001 andP< 0.05, respectively). Granulation tissue dry weight was significantly increased in treatment and active control groups as compared to diabetic control (P< 0.001).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Cow urine ark increases granulation tissue formation as well as collagen content. Wound contraction was also significantly improved. The cow urine ark could be potentially effective in promoting healing of diabetic wounds by increasing granulation tissue formation and collagen content, however, further studies are required for its clinical application.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacology, GMERS Medical College, Junagadh, Gujarat, India.
authors.forename: Hiren N
authors.initials: HN
authors.lastname: Hirapara
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacology, Billev Pharma East, Ljubljana, Slovenia.
authors.forename: Vishal M
authors.initials: VM
authors.lastname: Ghori
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacology, Government Medical College, Bhavnagar, Gujarat, India.
authors.forename: Ashish P
authors.initials: AP
authors.lastname: Anovadiya
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacology, Government Medical College, Bhavnagar, Gujarat, India.
authors.forename: Chandrabhanu R
authors.initials: CR
authors.lastname: Tripathi
keywords: Collagen; cow urine ark; granulation tissue; streptozotocin-induced diabetes