title: Study protocol: the Fueling Learning through Exercise (FLEX) study - a randomized controlled trial of the impact of school-based physical activity programs on children's physical activity, cognitive function, and academic achievement.
abstract: Physical activity (PA) is critical to preventing childhood obesity and contributes to children's overall physical and cognitive health, yet fewer than half of all children achieve the recommended 60 min per day of moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA). Schools are an ideal setting to meeting PA guidelines, but competing demands and limited resources have impacted PA opportunities. The Fueling Learning through Exercise (FLEX) Study is a randomized controlled trial that will evaluate the impact of two innovative school-based PA programs on children's MVPA, cognitive function, and academic outcomes.
  
  
  
  Twenty-four public elementary schools from low-income, ethnically diverse communities around Massachusetts were recruited and randomized to receive either 100 Mile Club® (walking/running program) or Just Move™ (classroom-based PA program) intervention, or control. Schoolchildren (grades 3-4, approximately 50 per school) were recruited to participate in evaluation. Primary outcome measures include PA via 7-day accelerometry (Actigraph GT3X+ and wGT3X-BT), cognitive assessments, and academic achievement via state standardized test scores. Additional measures include height and weight, surveys assessing psycho-social factors related to PA, and dietary intake. School-level surveys assess PA infrastructure and resources and intervention implementation. Data are collected at baseline, mid-point (5-6 months post-baseline), and post-intervention (approximately 1.5 years post-baseline). Demographic data were collected by parents/caregivers at baseline. Mixed-effect models will test the short- and long-term effects of both programs on minutes spent in MVPA, as well as secondary outcomes including cognitive and academic outcomes.
  
  
  
  The FLEX study will evaluate strategies for increasing children's MVPA through two innovative, low-cost, school-based PA programs as well as their impact on children's cognitive functioning and academic success. Demonstration of a relationship between school-based MVPA with neutral or improved, rather than diminished, academic outcomes in a naturalistic environment has the potential to positively influence investment in school PA programs and initiatives.
  
  
  
  ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT02810834 . Registered May 11, 2015. (Retrospectively registered).
authors.affiliation: Gerald J. and Dorothy R. Friedman School of Nutrition Science and Policy Tufts University, 150 Harrison Avenue, Boston, MA, 02111, USA. catherine.wright@tufts.edu.
authors.forename: Catherine M
authors.initials: CM
authors.lastname: Wright
authors.affiliation: Gerald J. and Dorothy R. Friedman School of Nutrition Science and Policy Tufts University, 150 Harrison Avenue, Boston, MA, 02111, USA.
authors.forename: Paula J
authors.initials: PJ
authors.lastname: Duquesnay
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatrics, Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University at Buffalo, G56 Farber Hall, South Campus, Buffalo, NY, 14214, USA.
authors.forename: Stephanie
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Anzman-Frasca
authors.affiliation: Department of Public Health and Community Medicine, Tufts University School of Medicine, 136 Harrison Avenue, Boston, MA, 02111, USA.
authors.forename: Virginia R
authors.initials: VR
authors.lastname: Chomitz
authors.affiliation: Department of Public Health and Community Medicine, Tufts University School of Medicine, 136 Harrison Avenue, Boston, MA, 02111, USA.
authors.forename: Kenneth
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Chui
authors.affiliation: Gerald J. and Dorothy R. Friedman School of Nutrition Science and Policy Tufts University, 150 Harrison Avenue, Boston, MA, 02111, USA.|ChildObesity180, Tufts University, Boston, MA, USA.
authors.forename: Christina D
authors.initials: CD
authors.lastname: Economos
authors.affiliation: Gerald J. and Dorothy R. Friedman School of Nutrition Science and Policy Tufts University, 150 Harrison Avenue, Boston, MA, 02111, USA.
authors.forename: Elizabeth G
authors.initials: EG
authors.lastname: Langevin
authors.affiliation: Sustainability Institute at the University of New Hampshire, 107 Nesmith Hall, 131 Main Street, Durham, NH 03824, USA.
authors.forename: Miriam E
authors.initials: ME
authors.lastname: Nelson
authors.affiliation: Gerald J. and Dorothy R. Friedman School of Nutrition Science and Policy Tufts University, 150 Harrison Avenue, Boston, MA, 02111, USA.
authors.forename: Jennifer M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Sacheck
mesh_terms: D061725:Accelerometry; D000293:Adolescent; D002648:Child; D002985:Clinical Protocols; D003071:Cognition; D004522:Educational Status; D015444:Exercise / Q000523:psychology*; D005260:Female; D006293:Health Promotion / Q000379:methods*; D006801:Humans; D007858:Learning / Q000502:physiology; D008297:Male; D008404:Massachusetts; D011203:Poverty / Q000523:psychology; D012572:School Health Services / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D012574:Schools; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires
keywords: Childhood obesity; Executive function; Health disparities; School children; School-based physical activity intervention