title: The first fossil salmonfly (Insecta: Plecoptera: Pteronarcyidae), back to the Middle Jurassic.
abstract: The fossil record of Plecoptera (stoneflies) is considered relatively complete, with stem-groups of each of the three major lineages, viz. Antarctoperlaria, Euholognatha and Systellognatha (and some of their families) represented in the Mesozoic. However, the family Pteronarcyidae (the salmonflies; including two genera, Pteronarcys and Pteronarcella) has no fossil record to date, and the family has been suggested to have diverged recently.
  
  
  
  In this paper, we report on a set of specimens belonging to a new fossil species of stonefly, discovered from the Middle Jurassic Daohugou locality (China). Our comparative analysis of wing venation and body characters demonstrates that the new species belongs to the Pteronarcyidae, and is more closely related to Pteronarcys than to Pteronarcella. However, it differs from all known species of the former genus. It is therefore assigned to a new genus and named Pteroliriope sinitshenkovae gen. et sp. nov. under the traditional nomenclatural procedure. The cladotypic nomenclatural procedure is also employed, with the resulting combination Pteroliriope nec Pteronarcys sinitshenkovae sp. nov.
  
  
  
  The first discovery of a fossil member of the Pteronarcyidae demonstrates that the corresponding lineage is not a very recent offshoot but was already present ca. 165 million years ago. This discovery concurs with the view that divergence of most stonefly families took place very early, probably in the Triassic, or even in the Permian. This contribution demonstrates the need for (re-)investigations of the systematics of fossil stoneflies to refine divergence date estimates for Plecoptera lineages.
authors.affiliation: Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, MNHN, CNRS, Centre de recherche sur la paléobiodiversité et les paléoenvironnements (CR2P), Paris, France.|College of Life Sciences, Capital Normal University, Beijing, 100048, China.
authors.forename: Yingying
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Cui
authors.affiliation: Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, MNHN, CNRS, Centre de recherche sur la paléobiodiversité et les paléoenvironnements (CR2P), Paris, France.
authors.forename: Olivier
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Béthoux
authors.affiliation: Department of Bioagricultural Sciences and Pest Management, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, 80523, USA.
authors.forename: Boris
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Kondratieff
authors.affiliation: College of Life Sciences, Capital Normal University, Beijing, 100048, China.|Department of Paleobiology, National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution, Washington, DC, 20013-7012, USA.
authors.forename: Chungkun
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Shih
authors.affiliation: College of Life Sciences, Capital Normal University, Beijing, 100048, China. rendong@mail.cnu.edu.cn.
authors.forename: Dong
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Ren
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002681:China; D005580:Fossils; D007313:Insecta / Q000033:anatomy & histology / Q000145:classification*; D010802:Phylogeny; D014921:Wings, Animal / Q000033:anatomy & histology