title: Pediatric Phalanx Fractures.
abstract: Phalangeal fractures are the most common type of hand fracture that occurs in the pediatric population and account for the second highest number of emergency department visits for fractures in the United States. The incidence of phalangeal fractures is the highest in children aged 10 to 14 years, which coincides with the time that most children begin playing contact sports. Younger children are more likely to sustain a phalangeal fracture in the home setting as a result of crush and laceration injuries. Salter-Harris type II fractures of the proximal phalanx are the most common type of finger fracture. An unmineralized physis is biomechanically weaker compared with the surrounding ligamentous structures and mature bone, which makes fractures about the physis likely. A thorough physical examination is necessary to assess the digital cascade for signs of rotational deformity and/or coronal malalignment. Plain radiographs of the hand and digits are sufficient to confirm a diagnosis of a phalangeal fracture. The management of phalangeal fractures is based on the initial severity of the injury and depends on the success of closed reduction techniques. Nondisplaced phalanx fractures are managed with splint immobilization. Stable, reduced phalanx fractures are immobilized but require close monitoring to ensure maintenance of fracture reduction. Unstable, displaced phalanx fractures require surgical management, preferably via closed reduction and percutaneous pinning.
authors.affiliation: From the Department of Orthopaedics, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Timonium, MD (Dr. Abzug and Dr. Dua), Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA (Dr. Bauer), Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH (Dr. Cornwall), and the Arkansas Children's Hospital, Little Rock, AR (Dr. Wyrick).
authors.forename: Joshua M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Abzug
authors.forename: Karan
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Dua
authors.forename: Andrea Sesko
authors.initials: AS
authors.lastname: Bauer
authors.forename: Roger
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Cornwall
authors.forename: Theresa O
authors.initials: TO
authors.lastname: Wyrick
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D001858:Bone Nails; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D050278:Finger Phalanges / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000293:injuries*; D005592:Fracture Fixation / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods*; D050723:Fractures, Bone / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000628:therapy*; D006801:Humans; D000072042:Salter-Harris Fractures / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000628:therapy; D013165:Splints