title: Microproteinuria Predicts Organ Failure in Patients Presenting with Acute Pancreatitis.
abstract: The disease course of acute pancreatitis (AP) ranges from mild and self-limiting to severe inflammation, associated with significant morbidity and mortality. At present, there are no universally accepted and reliable predictors for severity. Microproteinuria has been associated with the presence of systemic inflammatory response syndrome as well as trauma, although its association with AP is not well understood. The aim of this study was to investigate the value of microproteinuria to predict development of organ failure in AP.
  
  
  
  Consecutive AP patients were prospectively enrolled. Urine samples were collected upon admission, 12-24 h after admission, and 3 months post-discharge for calculation of urine α1-microglobulin-, albumin-, IgG-, and IgM/creatinine ratios. Data regarding AP etiology, severity, and development of organ failure were registered.
  
  
  
  Overall, 92 AP patients were included (14 % with organ failure; 6 % with severe AP). The α1-microglobulin-, albumin-, and IgG/creatinine ratios correlated with high-sensitivity C-reactive protein 48 h after admission (r = 0.47-0.61, p < 0.001 for all). They were also significantly higher in patients with versus without organ failure (p < 0.05 for all). The α1-microglobulin/creatinine ratio upon admission predicted organ failure [adjusted odds ratio 1.286, 95 % confidence interval (CI) 1.024-1.614] with similar accuracy (AUROC 0.81, 95 % CI 0.69-0.94) as the more complex APACHE II score (AUROC 0.86, 95 % CI 0.70-1.00).
  
  
  
  The α1-microglobulin/creatinine ratio upon presentation with AP is related to inflammation and predicts development of organ failure. Further studies are warranted to evaluate its potential usefulness in predicting outcome for AP patients.
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Faculty of Medicine, Lund University, Lund, Sweden.
authors.forename: Sara
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Bertilsson
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Orthopaedics, Skane University Hospital, Lund University, Lund, Sweden.
authors.forename: Per
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Swärd
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Psychiatry, Addiction Centre Malmö, Psychiatry Skane, Lund University, Lund, Sweden.
authors.forename: Anders
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Håkansson
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Nephrology, Skane University Hospital, Lund University, Lund, Sweden.
authors.forename: Rafid
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Tofik
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Nephrology, Skane University Hospital, Lund University, Lund, Sweden.
authors.forename: Bengt
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Rippe
authors.affiliation: Digestive Disease Centre, Copenhagen University Hospital/Herlev, University of Copenhagen, 2730, Copenhagen, Denmark. kalvag@hotmail.com.
authors.forename: Evangelos
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Kalaitzakis
mesh_terms: D018806:APACHE; D000208:Acute Disease; D000368:Aged; D000419:Albuminuria / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000652:urine*; D000510:Alpha-Globulins / Q000652:urine; D002097:C-Reactive Protein / Q000378:metabolism; D002318:Cardiovascular Diseases / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000652:urine*; D003404:Creatinine / Q000652:urine; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007074:Immunoglobulin G / Q000652:urine; D007902:Length of Stay; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009102:Multiple Organ Failure / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000652:urine*; D016017:Odds Ratio; D010195:Pancreatitis / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000378:metabolism / Q000652:urine*; D011379:Prognosis; D011507:Proteinuria / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000652:urine; D051437:Renal Insufficiency / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000652:urine*; D012131:Respiratory Insufficiency / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000652:urine*; D012720:Severity of Illness Index; D018746:Systemic Inflammatory Response Syndrome / Q000453:epidemiology
chemical_list: D000510:Alpha-Globulins; D007074:Immunoglobulin G; D002097:C-Reactive Protein; D003404:Creatinine
keywords: Acute pancreatitis; Inflammation; Microalbuminuria; Microproteinuria; Organ failure; α1-Microglobulin