title: Development of Bt Rice and Bt Maize in China and Their Efficacy in Target Pest Control.
abstract: Rice and maize are important cereal crops that serve as staple foods, feed, and industrial material in China. Multiple factors constrain the production of both crops, among which insect pests are an important one. Lepidopteran pests cause enormous yield losses for the crops annually. In order to control these pests, China plays an active role in development and application of genetic engineering (GE) to crops, and dozens of GE rice and GE maize lines expressing insecticidal proteins from the soil bacteriumBacillus thuringiensis(Bt) have been developed. Many lines have entered environmental release, field testing, and preproduction testing, and laboratory and field experiments have shown that most of theBtrice andBtmaize lines developed in China exhibited effective control of major target lepidopteran pests on rice (Chilo suppressalis,Scirpophaga incertulas, andCnaphalocrocismedinalis) and maize (Ostrinia furnacalis), demonstrating bright prospects for application. However, none of theseBtlines has yet been commercially planted through this writing in 2016. Challenges and perspectives for development and application ofBtrice and maize in China are discussed. This article provides a general context for colleagues to learn about research and development ofBtcrops in China, and may shed light on future work in this field.
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China. qingsongliu00@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Qingsong
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.affiliation: Department of Fish and Wildlife Conservation, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, VA 24061-0321, USA. ehallerm@vt.edu.
authors.forename: Eric
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Hallerman
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China. yfpeng@ippcaas.cn.
authors.forename: Yufa
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Peng
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China. liyunhe@caas.cn.
authors.forename: Yunhe
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Li
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001413:Bacillus thuringiensis / Q000235:genetics*; D001426:Bacterial Proteins / Q000235:genetics*; D002681:China; D005818:Genetic Engineering / Q000379:methods*; D006790:Host-Parasite Interactions; D007915:Lepidoptera / Q000502:physiology; D012275:Oryza / Q000235:genetics* / Q000469:parasitology; D010572:Pest Control, Biological / Q000379:methods*; D030821:Plants, Genetically Modified / Q000235:genetics*; D003313:Zea mays / Q000235:genetics* / Q000469:parasitology
chemical_list: D001426:Bacterial Proteins
keywords: Bacillus thuringiensis; Cry proteins; ELISA; commercialization; target insects