title: Simple and specific method for detection of antibodies against hepatitis E virus in mammalian species.
abstract: Hepatitis E virus (HEV) is the causative agent of hepatitis E, a food- and water-borne disease. In developed countries, consumption of meats from pigs, wild boars and deer is a major source of infection. Although HEV and HEV-related viruses have been detected in many animal species, their zoonotic potential and prevalence has not been completely understood. To detect anti-HEV antibody in mammalian species, a simple enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was established using extract from cells expressing HEV capsid protein and protein A/G as an antigen and a reagent for detection of antibody. Absorbance in the ELISA was compared with those in our previous ELISA using VLPs and anti-swine antibody, suggesting that newly established ELISA was similarly specific and sensitive as the previous ELISA. Seroprevalence of HEV infection among wild boars was examined in Yamaguchi Prefecture, confirming that 111 of 364 wild boars (30.5%) were positive for anti-HEV antibody. Next, this ELISA was applied to humans, dogs, cats, ferrets, raccoons and masked palm civets in Japan, and anti-HEV antibodies were detected in humans, ferrets, dogs and cats. This ELISA is thus useful for serological surveys and comparison of HEV infection among various mammals, including humans.
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Veterinary Microbiology, Joint Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Yamaguchi University, 1677-1 Yoshida, Yamaguchi 753-8515, Japan.
authors.forename: Kenzo
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Yonemitsu
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Veterinary Microbiology, Joint Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Yamaguchi University, 1677-1 Yoshida, Yamaguchi 753-8515, Japan.
authors.forename: Yutaka
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Terada
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Veterinary Microbiology, Joint Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Yamaguchi University, 1677-1 Yoshida, Yamaguchi 753-8515, Japan.
authors.forename: Ryusei
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Kuwata
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Veterinary Microbiology, Joint Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Yamaguchi University, 1677-1 Yoshida, Yamaguchi 753-8515, Japan.
authors.forename: Dung
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Nguyen
authors.affiliation: Shiranaga Animal Hospital, 2-12-18 Sakuragi, Shunan, Yamaguchi 745-0806, Japan.
authors.forename: Nobuyuki
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Shiranaga
authors.affiliation: Morinoinuneko Animal Hospital, 22-3 Tsunakizaka, Imosawa, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Miyagi 989-3212, Japan.
authors.forename: Satomi
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Tono
authors.affiliation: Institute of Natural and Environmental Science, University of Hyogo, 940 Sawano, Aogaki-cho, Tamba, Hyogo 669-3842, Japan.
authors.forename: Tomoka
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Matsukane
authors.affiliation: Institute of Natural and Environmental Science, University of Hyogo, 940 Sawano, Aogaki-cho, Tamba, Hyogo 669-3842, Japan.
authors.forename: Mayumi
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Yokoyama
authors.affiliation: Hikiiwa Park Center, 1629 Inari-cho, Tanabe, Wakayama 646-0051, Japan.
authors.forename: Kazuo
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Suzuki
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Veterinary Microbiology, Joint Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Yamaguchi University, 1677-1 Yoshida, Yamaguchi 753-8515, Japan.
authors.forename: Hiroshi
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Shimoda
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Veterinary Microbiology, Joint Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Yamaguchi University, 1677-1 Yoshida, Yamaguchi 753-8515, Japan.
authors.forename: Ai
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Takano
authors.affiliation: Department of Dermatology, Yamaguchi University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-1-1 Minami- Kogushi, Ube, Yamaguchi 755-8505, Japan.
authors.forename: Masahiko
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Muto
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Veterinary Microbiology, Joint Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Yamaguchi University, 1677-1 Yoshida, Yamaguchi 753-8515, Japan. Electronic address: kmaeda@yamaguchi-u.ac.jp.
authors.forename: Ken
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Maeda
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000835:Animals, Wild / Q000821:virology; D036022:Capsid Proteins / Q000276:immunology; D002371:Cat Diseases / Q000175:diagnosis; D002415:Cats; D004283:Dog Diseases / Q000175:diagnosis; D004285:Dogs; D004797:Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay / Q000379:methods*; D006508:Hepatitis Antibodies / Q000276:immunology / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D016751:Hepatitis E / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000276:immunology* / Q000662:veterinary; D016752:Hepatitis E virus / Q000276:immunology*; D006801:Humans; D007564:Japan / Q000453:epidemiology; D011821:Raccoons / Q000821:virology; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D016036:Seroepidemiologic Studies; D034421:Sus scrofa / Q000821:virology; D013552:Swine; D013553:Swine Diseases / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000276:immunology; D014764:Viral Proteins / Q000276:immunology; D045949:Viverridae / Q000821:virology
chemical_list: D036022:Capsid Proteins; D006508:Hepatitis Antibodies; D014764:Viral Proteins
keywords: ELISA; Hepatitis E virus; Wild animals