title: Gastroprotective activity of the rhizome ethanol extract of Zingiber simaoense Y. Y. Qian in rats.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Zingiber simaoense Y. Y. Qian belongs to the Zingiberaceae family. Its rhizome has been used in Thai folk medicine to relieve gastric disorders; however, scientific evidence of its pharmacological activities has not yet been revealed.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  This study was designed to validate the gastroprotective activity and to identify possible mechanisms of gastroprotection of Z. simaoense rhizome ethanol extract (ZSE) in rats.
  
  
  METHODS
  The gastroprotective effect of ZSE was tested using models of gastric ulcers induced by acidified ethanol, indomethacin, and restraint water immersion stress. Models for determination of gastric wall mucus secretion and plasma malondialdehyde levels as well as pylorus ligation were used to explore the mechanisms of action.
  
  
  RESULTS
  After oral administration by intragastric gavage, ZSE 7.5, 15, and 30mg/kg or cimetidine 100mg/kg significantly inhibited the formation of gastric ulcer in all gastric ulcer models. The gastric wall mucus amount was significantly higher than that of the ulcer control group, plasma malondialdehyde levels were normalized, and gastric secretion was partly inhibited by pretreatment with ZSE.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This study demonstrates the gastroprotective activity of ZSE in rats. The mechanisms of action of ZSE may depend on its ability to maintain the integrity of gastric wall mucus through the protection of gastric mucus, and/or by increasing the gastric mucus synthesis and secretion through prostaglandin synthesis. Moreover, the antioxidant activity of ZSE may also contribute to its mechanism of gastroprotection.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand. Electronic address: maewmaew10@hotmail.com.
authors.forename: Pareeya
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Baiubon
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand. Electronic address: puongtip.k@cmu.ac.th.
authors.forename: Puongtip
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Kunanusorn
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand. Electronic address: wparirat@hotmail.com.
authors.forename: Parirat
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Khonsung
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand. Electronic address: cnatthak@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Natthakarn
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Chiranthanut
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand; Department of Chemistry and Center for Innovation in Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10400, Thailand. Electronic address: apanthon@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Ampai
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Panthong
authors.affiliation: School of Medicine, Mae Fah Luang University, Chiang Rai 57100, Thailand. Electronic address: chaiyong@mfu.ac.th.
authors.forename: Chaiyong
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Rujjanawate
mesh_terms: D000284:Administration, Oral; D000818:Animals; D000431:Ethanol / Q000737:chemistry; D005260:Female; D008401:Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry; D008297:Male; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology*; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D027343:Rhizome / Q000737:chemistry*; D013276:Stomach Ulcer / Q000517:prevention & control*; D030521:Zingiberaceae / Q000737:chemistry*
chemical_list: D010936:Plant Extracts; D000431:Ethanol
keywords: Alcian blue (PubChem CID: 17749099); Anti-ulcer; Cimetidine (PubChem CID: 2756); Ethanol (PubChem CID: 702); Gastroprotective; Hydrochloric acid (PubChem CID: 313); Indomethacin (PubChem CID: 3715); Magnesium chloride (PubChem CID: 5360315); Misoprostol (PubChem CID: 5282381); Phenolphthalein (PubChem CID: 4764); Rhizome; Sodium hydroxide (PubChem CID: 14798); Sucrose (PubChem CID: 5988); Zingiber simaoense