title: Liquid Handling Optimization in High-Throughput Biodosimetry Tool.
abstract: Due to the need of high-speed and efficient biodosimetric assays for triage and therapy in the event of radiological or nuclear attack, a robotically based automated biodosimetry tool (RABiT) has been developed over the past few years. Adapting the micronucleus assay from filter plates to V-shaped plates presented challenges in the liquid handling, namely, cell splashing out of the V-shaped well plate during the cell harvesting, poor cell distribution on the bottom of the image plate during the dispensing, and cell loss from the image plate during the aspiration in the liquid handling process. Experimental and numerical investigations were carried out to better understand the phenomena and mitigate the problems. Surface tension and contact angle among the fluids and the plate wall were accounted for in the discrete and multiphase numerical models. Experimental conditions were optimized based on the numerical results showing the relationship between nozzle speed and amount of splashed liquid, and the relationship between aspiration speed and number of escaped cells. Using these optimized parameters, numbers of micronuclei in binucleated cells showed the same dose dependence in the RABiT-prepared samples as those in the manually prepared ones. Micronucleus assay protocol was fully realized on RABiT.
authors.affiliation: Department of Mechanical Engineering, Columbia University, New York, NY 10027 e-mail:  db2875@columbia.edu.
authors.forename: Dakai
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Bian
authors.affiliation: Department of Mechanical Engineering, Columbia University, New York, NY 10027.
authors.forename: Jason C
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: Tsui
authors.affiliation: Center for Radiological Research, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY 10032.
authors.forename: Mikhail
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Repin
authors.affiliation: Center for Radiological Research, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY 10032.
authors.forename: Guy
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Garty
authors.affiliation: Center for Radiological Research, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY 10032.
authors.forename: Helen
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Turner
authors.affiliation: Department of Mechanical Engineering, Columbia University, New York, NY 10027.
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Lawrence Yao
authors.affiliation: Center for Radiological Research, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY 10032.
authors.forename: David J
authors.initials: DJ
authors.lastname: Brenner
keywords: automated biodosimetry tool; micronucleus assay; platform-dependent liquid handling