title: Pneumomediastinum as a complication of MDMA (3,4-methylenedioxymetamfetamine, Ecstasy) ingestion.
abstract: MDMA (3,4-methylenedioxymethamfetamine, Ecstasy) is a widely used recreational drug. We present a case of pneumomediastinum as a complication of MDMA use in a 21-year-old man with no previous history of lung or gastrointestinal pathology. We have performed a literature review, and summarised the symptoms, signs, and prognosis for this under-recognised complication of a commonly used recreational drug. We recommend enquiring about illicit drug use in any patient presenting with spontaneous pneumomediastinum.
authors.affiliation: Department of Respiratory Medicine, Hull Royal Infirmary, Hull and East Riding Hospitals NHS Trust, Hull, UK.
authors.forename: Suleiman
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Ezoubi
authors.affiliation: Department of Diabetes and Endocrinology, York Hospital, York Teaching Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, York, UK.
authors.forename: Hassan
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Kahal
authors.affiliation: Department of Acute Medicine. York Hospital, York Teaching Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, York, UK.
authors.forename: William Stephen
authors.initials: WS
authors.lastname: Waring
mesh_terms: D019969:Amphetamine-Related Disorders / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000628:therapy; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008478:Mediastinal Emphysema / Q000139:chemically induced* / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D018817:N-Methyl-3,4-methylenedioxyamphetamine / Q000009:adverse effects*; D018570:Risk Assessment; D012720:Severity of Illness Index; D014057:Tomography, X-Ray Computed / Q000379:methods; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D018817:N-Methyl-3,4-methylenedioxyamphetamine