title: Anterior wrist and medial malleolus: the optimal sites for tissue selection in electric death through hand-to-foot circuit pathway.
abstract: Specific morphological changes may be absent in some cases of electrocution shocked by the voltage of 220 V or lower. In this study, we attempted to demonstrate that the anterior wrist and medial malleolus were the optimal sites with promising and significant changes in electric death through the hand-to-foot circuit pathway. We established an electric shock rat model and observed histopathologic changes in the anterior wrist and medial malleolus. The results showed that the current intensities in the left anterior wrist and right medial malleolus were remarkably higher than those in the other sites, and the nuclei long/short (L/S) axis ratios of the arterial endotheliocyte and the skeletal muscle cell in these two areas were significantly higher than those in other parts of the body. These findings suggested that the anterior wrist and/or medial malleolus soft tissues as the narrowest parts of the limbs could be used as promising and useful sites for the assessment of electrical shock death, especially in forensic pathologic evaluation.
authors.affiliation: National Key Disciplines, Department of Forensic Pathology, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong Province, People's Republic of China.|Department of Forensic Pathology, Jiaxing University Medical College, Jiaxing, Zhejiang Province, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Guangtao
authors.identifier: http://orcid.org/0000-0001-5846-9280
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Xu
authors.affiliation: National Key Disciplines, Department of Forensic Pathology, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong Province, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Ruibing
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Su
authors.affiliation: National Key Disciplines, Department of Forensic Pathology, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong Province, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Junyao
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Lv
authors.affiliation: Department of Forensic Science, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan, Guangdong Province, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Xiaoping
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Lai
authors.affiliation: National Key Disciplines, Department of Forensic Pathology, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong Province, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Xianxian
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: National Key Disciplines, Department of Forensic Pathology, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong Province, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Jiayan
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Wu
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathology, Jiaxing Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jiaxing, Zhejiang Province, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Bo
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Hu
authors.affiliation: National Key Disciplines, Department of Forensic Pathology, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong Province, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Long
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Xu
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathology, Jiaxing Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jiaxing, Zhejiang Province, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Ruilin
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Shen
authors.affiliation: National Key Disciplines, Department of Forensic Pathology, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong Province, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Jiang
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Gu
authors.affiliation: National Key Disciplines, Department of Forensic Pathology, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong Province, People's Republic of China. xjyu@stu.edu.cn.
authors.forename: Xiaojun
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Yu
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001012:Aorta, Abdominal / Q000473:pathology; D001158:Arteries / Q000473:pathology; D002350:Carpus, Animal / Q000473:pathology*; D004556:Electric Injuries / Q000473:pathology*; D042783:Endothelial Cells / Q000473:pathology; D049429:Forensic Pathology; D023421:Models, Animal; D018482:Muscle, Skeletal / Q000473:pathology; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D013643:Tarsus, Animal / Q000473:pathology*
keywords: Anterior wrist; Electric death; Medial malleolus; Nuclear polarization