title: Differences between White and Black young women in the relationship between religious service attendance and alcohol involvement.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  We examined the associations of religious attendance during childhood (C-RA) and adulthood (A-RA) with alcohol involvement (ever drinking, timing of first alcohol use, and alcohol use disorder [AUD]) in White and Black female twins. As genetic and environmental factors influence religious attendance and alcohol involvement, we examined the extent to which they contribute to their association.
  
  
  METHODS
  Data on 3,234 White and 553 Black female twins (18-29 years) from the Missouri Adolescent Female twin Study. Significant correlations between C-RA or A-RA and alcohol involvement were parsed into their additive genetic, shared environmental, and individual-specific environmental sources.
  
  
  RESULTS
  C-RA was associated with ever drinking and timing of first alcohol use in Whites. A-RA was associated with ever drinking and AUD in both Whites and Blacks. Shared environmental influences did not contribute to alcohol or religiosity phenotypes in Blacks. In Whites, the association between C-RA and alcohol was due to shared environmental influences, whereas the association between A-RA and alcohol was attributable to additive genetic, shared environmental, and individual-specific environmental sources. Individual-specific environment and genetics contributed to associations between A-RA and ever drinking and AUD, respectively, in Blacks.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Factors other than C-RA contribute to lower rates of alcohol involvement in Blacks. Shared environment does not contribute to links between A-RA and alcohol involvement in Blacks.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The protective impact of childhood religiosity on alcohol use and misuse is important in Whites and is due to familial factors shared by religiosity and alcohol involvement. (Am J Addict 2017;26:437-445).
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, Missouri.
authors.forename: Arpana
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Agrawal
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, Missouri.
authors.forename: Julia D
authors.initials: JD
authors.lastname: Grant
authors.affiliation: VA Palo Alto Healthcare System, Menlo Park, California.
authors.forename: Jon Randolph
authors.initials: JR
authors.lastname: Haber
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, Missouri.
authors.forename: Pamela A F
authors.initials: PAF
authors.lastname: Madden
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, Missouri.
authors.forename: Andrew C
authors.initials: AC
authors.lastname: Heath
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, Missouri.
authors.forename: Kathleen K
authors.initials: KK
authors.lastname: Bucholz
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, Missouri.|Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut.
authors.forename: Carolyn E
authors.initials: CE
authors.lastname: Sartor
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D001741:Black or African American / Q000523:psychology*; D000428:Alcohol Drinking / Q000235:genetics / Q000523:psychology*; D000437:Alcoholism / Q000235:genetics / Q000523:psychology*; D004777:Environment; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D012067:Religion; D014427:Twins / Q000523:psychology*; D044465:White People / Q000523:psychology*; D055815:Young Adult