title: Regulation of Interleukin-10 Expression.
abstract: Interleukin (IL)-10 is an essential anti-inflammatory cytokine that plays important roles as a negative regulator of immune responses to microbial antigens. Loss of IL-10 results in the spontaneous development of inflammatory bowel disease as a consequence of an excessive immune response to the gut microbiota. IL-10 also functions to prevent excessive inflammation during the course of infection. IL-10 can be produced in response to pro-inflammatory signals by virtually all immune cells, including T cells, B cells, macrophages, and dendritic cells. Given its function in maintaining the delicate balance between effective immunity and tissue protection, it is evident that IL-10 expression is highly dynamic and needs to be tightly regulated. The transcriptional regulation of IL-10 production in myeloid cells and T cells is the topic of this review. Drivers of IL-10 expression as well as their downstream signaling pathways and transcription factors will be discussed. We will examine in more detail how various signals in CD4+T cells converge on common transcriptional circuits, which fine-tune IL-10 expression in a context-dependent manner.
authors.affiliation: Department of Cancer Immunology, Genentech, 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, CA, 94080, USA. saschar@gene.com.
authors.forename: Sascha
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Rutz
authors.affiliation: Department of Immunology, Genentech, South San Francisco, CA, USA.|Present Affiliation: Department of Inflammation and Oncology, Amgen, 1120 Veterans Blvd, South San Francisco, CA, 94080, USA.
authors.forename: Wenjun
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Ouyang
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D044127:Epigenesis, Genetic / Q000502:physiology; D005786:Gene Expression Regulation; D006801:Humans; D016753:Interleukin-10 / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism*; D011499:Protein Processing, Post-Translational; D034622:RNA Interference
chemical_list: C508609:IL10 protein, human; D016753:Interleukin-10
keywords: Blimp-1; Immune suppression; Inflammation; Interleukin-10; Myeloid cell; T cell; Tolerance; Transcriptional regulation; c-Maf