title: Comparative study of three-dimensional versus two-dimensional video-assisted thoracoscopic two-port lobectomy.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The advantages and disadvantages of three-dimensional (3D) and two-dimensional (2D) two-port video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery (VATS) lobectomy and systematic dissection of mediastinal lymph nodes for lung cancer were investigated.
  
  
  METHODS
  Between December 2013 and July 2015 at Beijing Hospital, 191 patients underwent lobectomy and systematic dissection of mediastinal lymph nodes for lung cancer. After applying the study criteria, a total of 165 patients were included and allocated to 3D (n = 76) and 2D (n = 89) groups. Variables of the study design, including duration of surgery, volume of intraoperative bleeding, numbers and groups of lymph nodes dissected, drainage volume after surgery, duration of drainage tube insertion, hospitalization time after surgery, hospitalization costs, and complications, were recorded and analyzed. Intergroup differences for all data were compared and statistically analyzed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  No statistical difference was found between the two groups with respect to duration of surgery, volume of intraoperative bleeding, drainage volume after surgery, duration of drainage tube insertion, hospitalization time after surgery, hospitalization costs, and complications ( P  > 0.05). Additionally, there was no significant difference in the numbers and groups of all lymph nodes or N2lymph nodes resected ( P  > 0.05).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Lobectomy with systematic lymph node dissection can be undertaken with two ports using a 3D thoracoscope, and presents similar results to the use of a traditional 2D thoracoscope, at no greater hospitalization cost but with better operational perception and sensitivity during surgery. Two-port lobectomy with systematic lymph node dissection using a 3D thoracoscope is a safe and effective surgical process for lung cancer treatment.
authors.affiliation: Thoracic Surgery Ward (C05), Beijing Hospital, National Center of Gerontology, Beijing, China.
authors.forename: Peng
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Jiao
authors.affiliation: Thoracic Surgery Ward (C05), Beijing Hospital, National Center of Gerontology, Beijing, China.
authors.forename: Qing-Jun
authors.initials: QJ
authors.lastname: Wu
authors.affiliation: Thoracic Surgery Ward (C05), Beijing Hospital, National Center of Gerontology, Beijing, China.
authors.forename: Yao-Guang
authors.initials: YG
authors.lastname: Sun
authors.affiliation: Thoracic Surgery Ward (C05), Beijing Hospital, National Center of Gerontology, Beijing, China.
authors.forename: Chao
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Ma
authors.affiliation: Thoracic Surgery Ward (C05), Beijing Hospital, National Center of Gerontology, Beijing, China.
authors.forename: Wen-Xin
authors.initials: WX
authors.lastname: Tian
authors.affiliation: Thoracic Surgery Ward (C05), Beijing Hospital, National Center of Gerontology, Beijing, China.
authors.forename: Han-Bo
authors.initials: HB
authors.lastname: Yu
authors.affiliation: Thoracic Surgery Ward (C05), Beijing Hospital, National Center of Gerontology, Beijing, China.
authors.forename: Hong-Feng
authors.initials: HF
authors.lastname: Tong
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D002289:Carcinoma, Non-Small-Cell Lung / Q000601:surgery*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D021621:Imaging, Three-Dimensional / Q000379:methods; D007902:Length of Stay; D008175:Lung Neoplasms / Q000601:surgery*; D008197:Lymph Node Excision; D008297:Male; D008482:Mediastinum; D008875:Middle Aged; D061646:Operative Time; D011013:Pneumonectomy / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods*; D020775:Thoracic Surgery, Video-Assisted / Q000295:instrumentation*; D016896:Treatment Outcome
keywords: 2D
  ; 3D
  ; lobectomy; lung cancer; two-port; video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery