title: Correlation between three glycometabolic-related hormones and muscle glycolysis, as well as meat quality, in three pig breeds.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The present study aimed to evaluate the correlations among muscle concentrations of three glycometabolic-related hormones (insulin, epinephrine and glucagon), muscle glycolysis and meat quality in representative muscles of either glycolytic or oxidative types. Moreover, the relative glycometabolic-related gene expression was measured. One Western crossbreed DLY (Duroc × (Landrace × Yorkshire)), one crossbreed with half-Chinese native-pig origin DL (Duroc × LiangShan) and one pure Chinese native pig TP (Tibetan pig) were used in the present study.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Among the three breeds, DLY had the greatest glucagon and epinephrine (P < 0.01). Compared with DLY, TP and DL had lower lactic acid concentrations, showing lower glycolytic potentials (GP), greater ultimate pH values (P < 0.01) and lower relative expression levels of glycometabolic-related genes (GYS1, PRKAG3 and PKM2). Compared with the glycolytic muscle (musculus longissimus dorsi), oxidative muscle PM (musculus psoas major) had lower glucagon and epinephrine contents, lower GP and better meat quality. The concentration of glycometabolic-related hormones in the muscle had significant correlations with muscle glycolysis, meat pH and lightness.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The results obtained in the present study imply that glucagon and epinephrine levels could be used to indicate early glycolytic metabolism during postmortem. These findings may be helpful in identifying pork with undesirable quality traits. 2016 Society of Chemical Industry.
authors.affiliation: College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China.
authors.forename: Jia
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Luo
authors.affiliation: College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China.
authors.forename: Yuan L
authors.initials: YL
authors.lastname: Shen
authors.affiliation: Department of Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, T6G 2P5, Canada.
authors.forename: Gang H
authors.initials: GH
authors.lastname: Lei
authors.affiliation: Sichuan Tequ Investment Group Ltd Co., Chengdu, 610200, China.
authors.forename: Ping K
authors.initials: PK
authors.lastname: Zhu
authors.affiliation: College of Life Science, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya'an, 625014, China.
authors.forename: Zhi Y
authors.initials: ZY
authors.lastname: Jiang
authors.affiliation: College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China.
authors.forename: Lin
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Bai
authors.affiliation: College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China.
authors.forename: Zhou M
authors.initials: ZM
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China.
authors.forename: Qing G
authors.initials: QG
authors.lastname: Tang
authors.affiliation: College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China.
authors.forename: Wei X
authors.initials: WX
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China.
authors.forename: Hua S
authors.initials: HS
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China.
authors.forename: Li
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Zhu
mesh_terms: D055372:AMP-Activated Protein Kinases / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D000818:Animals; D001947:Breeding; D004837:Epinephrine / Q000378:metabolism*; D005934:Glucagon / Q000378:metabolism*; D006019:Glycolysis; D007328:Insulin / Q000378:metabolism*; D008460:Meat / Q000032:analysis*; D018482:Muscle, Skeletal / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism*; D010084:Oxidation-Reduction; D013552:Swine / Q000235:genetics / Q000254:growth & development / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D007328:Insulin; D005934:Glucagon; D055372:AMP-Activated Protein Kinases; D004837:Epinephrine
keywords: hormones; lactic acid; meat quality; muscle glycolysis; pig