title: ABC Transporter Subfamily D: Distinct Differences in Behavior between ABCD1-3 and ABCD4 in Subcellular Localization, Function, and Human Disease.
abstract: ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporters are one of the largest families of membrane-bound proteins and transport a wide variety of substrates across both extra- and intracellular membranes. They play a critical role in maintaining cellular homeostasis. To date, four ABC transporters belonging to subfamily D have been identified. ABCD1-3 and ABCD4 are localized to peroxisomes and lysosomes, respectively. ABCD1 and ABCD2 are involved in the transport of long and very long chain fatty acids (VLCFA) or their CoA-derivatives into peroxisomes with different substrate specificities, while ABCD3 is involved in the transport of branched chain acyl-CoA into peroxisomes. On the other hand, ABCD4 is deduced to take part in the transport of vitamin B12from lysosomes into the cytosol. It is well known that the dysfunction of ABCD1 results in X-linked adrenoleukodystrophy, a severe neurodegenerative disease. Recently, it is reported that ABCD3 and ABCD4 are responsible for hepatosplenomegaly and vitamin B12deficiency, respectively. In this review, the targeting mechanism and physiological functions of the ABCD transporters are summarized along with the related disease.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Medicine and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Toyama, 2630 Sugitani, Toyama 930-0194, Japan.
authors.forename: Kosuke
authors.identifier: 0000-0002-5115-7169
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Kawaguchi
authors.affiliation: Department of Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Medicine and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Toyama, 2630 Sugitani, Toyama 930-0194, Japan.
authors.forename: Masashi
authors.identifier: 0000-0003-2333-2190
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Morita
mesh_terms: D000074061:ATP Binding Cassette Transporter, Subfamily D; D000074063:ATP Binding Cassette Transporter, Subfamily D, Member 1; D018528:ATP-Binding Cassette Transporters / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D000326:Adrenoleukodystrophy / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D005227:Fatty Acids / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D008247:Lysosomes / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D020675:Peroxisomes / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D013379:Substrate Specificity; D014806:Vitamin B 12 Deficiency / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology
chemical_list: C115572:ABCD1 protein, human; C431694:ABCD2 protein, human; C063305:ABCD3 protein, human; C489273:ABCD4 protein, human; D000074061:ATP Binding Cassette Transporter, Subfamily D; D000074063:ATP Binding Cassette Transporter, Subfamily D, Member 1; D018528:ATP-Binding Cassette Transporters; D005227:Fatty Acids