title: Association between plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 and severity of liver injury and cardiovascular risk in children with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease.
abstract: Plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1) is the primary inhibitor of the endogenous fibrinolytic system and is known to be increased in obesity, insulin resistance and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). We previously demonstrated that PAI-1 levels were closely related to the amount of hepatic steatosis in children.
  
  
  
  The aim of this study was to characterize plasma PAI-1 in relationship to severity of inflammation and fibrosis, as well as to plasma lipids in children with NAFLD.
  
  
  
  In 44 children with NAFLD, plasma PAI-1 levels and lipids were measured at the time of a liver biopsy. Hepatic histological features were systematically scored. Trend analysis was applied to determine the correlation of plasma PAI-1 levels with lipid markers for cardiovascular disease and with the staging of histological features in the liver.
  
  
  
  We found that plasma PAI-1 levels were significantly increased in children with increased severity of steatosis, lobular inflammation, ballooning and fibrosis. Furthermore, PAI-1 was strongly correlated with plasma lipids and insulin resistance indices.
  
  
  
  PAI-1 appears to be tightly related to both histologic severity of NAFLD as well as systemic features of the disease including insulin resistance and dyslipidemia. PAI-1 may be a mediator of disease progression and future cardiovascular complications in children with NAFLD.
authors.affiliation: Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA.
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Jin
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, School of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA.
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Krasinskas
authors.affiliation: Biomarker Core Laboratory, Atlanta Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Decatur, GA, USA.
authors.forename: N-A
authors.initials: NA
authors.lastname: Le
authors.affiliation: Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA.
authors.forename: J V
authors.initials: JV
authors.lastname: Konomi
authors.affiliation: Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA.
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Holzberg
authors.affiliation: Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA.|Children's Healthcare of Atlanta, Atlanta, GA, USA.
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Romero
authors.affiliation: Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA.|Children's Healthcare of Atlanta, Atlanta, GA, USA.
authors.forename: M B
authors.initials: MB
authors.lastname: Vos
mesh_terms: D015415:Biomarkers / Q000097:blood; D001706:Biopsy; D002318:Cardiovascular Diseases / Q000097:blood / Q000473:pathology*; D002648:Child; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007249:Inflammation / Q000473:pathology; D007333:Insulin Resistance / Q000502:physiology; D008055:Lipids / Q000097:blood*; D008099:Liver / Q000473:pathology*; D008103:Liver Cirrhosis / Q000473:pathology; D008297:Male; D065626:Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease / Q000473:pathology*; D009765:Obesity / Q000150:complications; D017395:Plasminogen Activator Inhibitor 1 / Q000097:blood*; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012307:Risk Factors
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; D008055:Lipids; D017395:Plasminogen Activator Inhibitor 1; C051321:SERPINE1 protein, human
keywords: Children; NAFLD; PAI-1; lipids