title: Ultrasound Use in Urinary Stones: Adapting Old Technology for a Modern-Day Disease.
abstract: Ultrasound has become a mainstay tool in urologists' armamentarium for the diagnosis and management of nephrolithiasis. From starting as a rudimentary form of imaging, it has come to play a more prominent role over time, paralleling evolution in ultrasound technology. Throughout the medical community there is a growing emphasis on reducing the amount of ionizing radiation delivered to patients during routine imaging. As such there has been a resurgence of interest in ultrasound given its lack of associated radiation exposure and proven effectiveness as a diagnostic and therapeutic imaging modality. Herein, we provide a review of the history of ultrasound, how the use of ultrasound is expanding in both diagnosis and treatment of urinary stone disease, and finally how promising applications of ultrasound are shaping the future of kidney stone management.
authors.affiliation: 1 Department of Urology, University of California , San Francisco, San Francisco, California.
authors.forename: David T
authors.initials: DT
authors.lastname: Tzou
authors.affiliation: 1 Department of Urology, University of California , San Francisco, San Francisco, California.|2 Division of Urology, Faculty of Medicine, King Chulalongkorn Memorial Hospital, Chulalongkorn University , The Thai Red Cross Society, Bangkok, Thailand .
authors.forename: Manint
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Usawachintachit
authors.affiliation: 1 Department of Urology, University of California , San Francisco, San Francisco, California.|3 Department of Nephro-urology, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences , Nagoya, Japan .
authors.forename: Kazumi
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Taguchi
authors.affiliation: 1 Department of Urology, University of California , San Francisco, San Francisco, California.
authors.forename: Thomas
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Chi
mesh_terms: D049673:History, 20th Century; D049674:History, 21st Century; D006801:Humans; D007669:Kidney Calculi / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000628:therapy; D008096:Lithotripsy / Q000379:methods; D009403:Nephrostomy, Percutaneous / Q000266:history / Q000379:methods; D025321:Surgery, Computer-Assisted / Q000379:methods; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D014463:Ultrasonography / Q000266:history / Q000379:methods* / Q000639:trends; D052878:Urolithiasis / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000628:therapy; D000072178:Urologists
keywords: Image Guided Therapy; extracorporeal shockwave lithotripsy; imaging; percutaneous nephrolithotomy; renal stone; ureteroscopy; urolithiasis