title: Ultrasound-Guided Liver Biopsy With Gelatin Sponge Pledget Tract Embolization in Infants Weighing Less Than 10 kg.
abstract: The aim of the study was to describe and assess the technical success and safety of ultrasound-guided liver biopsy with gelatin sponge pledget tract embolization technique in infants <10 kg across 3 tertiary pediatric hospitals.
  
  
  
  There were 67 pediatric patients weighing <10 kg (36 boys; 31 girls; average age 202 days; average weight 6 kg, range 1.5-9.9 kg) referred for liver biopsy performed with ultrasound guidance and gelatin sponge pledget tract embolization during a 2-year period. Patient history, procedural records, and clinical follow-up documents were retrospectively reviewed.
  
  
  
  A total of 67 procedures were included. There was 100% technical success rate and all samples obtained provided adequate tissue for histological assessment. Average number of 18 G biopsy passes was 3 (range 1-6). There were no procedure-related deaths. There was 1 complication (1%) in a 5-kg infant who was readmitted 36 hours after biopsy with a fever and fully recovered after antibiotics were administered. Biliary atresia was the most common underlying diagnosis (20%), whereas others included acute rejection (16%) and biliary obstruction (7%).
  
  
  
  Ultrasound-guided percutaneous liver biopsy with gelatin sponge pledget tract embolization technique in children weighing <10 kg is safe, effective, and use of this technique may lead to a reduction in rates of adverse events reported in other pediatric series.
authors.affiliation: *Lucile Packard Children's Hospital, Stanford University, Stanford, CA †Children's Healthcare of Atlanta Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA ‡Seattle Children's Hospital University of Washington, Seattle, WA.
authors.forename: Matthew P
authors.initials: MP
authors.lastname: Lungren
authors.forename: Will S
authors.initials: WS
authors.lastname: Lindquester
authors.forename: Frank Glen
authors.initials: FG
authors.lastname: Seidel
authors.forename: Nishita
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Kothary
authors.forename: Eric J
authors.initials: EJ
authors.lastname: Monroe
authors.forename: Giri
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Shivaram
authors.forename: Anne E
authors.initials: AE
authors.lastname: Gill
authors.forename: Matthew C
authors.initials: MC
authors.lastname: Hawkins
mesh_terms: D016009:Chi-Square Distribution; D002675:Child, Preschool; D061765:Endoscopic Ultrasound-Guided Fine Needle Aspiration / Q000379:methods*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D052577:Infant, Extremely Low Birth Weight; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D008099:Liver / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000473:pathology; D008107:Liver Diseases / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D008297:Male; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012307:Risk Factors