title: Comparison of different cutaneous carotenoid sensors and influence of age, skin type, and kinetic changes subsequent to intake of a vegetable extract.
abstract: In the last decade, cutaneous carotenoid measurements have become increasingly popular, as carotenoids were found to be a biomarker of nutrition rich in fruits and vegetables, permitting monitoring of the influence of various stress factors. For such measurements, in addition to the specific and selective resonance Raman spectroscopy (RRS), newly developed low expensive small and mobile sensors that are based on spatially resolved reflectance spectroscopy (SRRS) are used for cutaneous carotenoid measurements. Human volunteers of different age exhibiting skin types I to III were investigated using RRS and two SRRS-based sensors to determine the influence of these parameters on the measuring results. In two studies on volunteers of either the same age or skin type, however, the respective other parameter being varied and no significant influences of age or skin type could be detected. Furthermore, the kinetic changes resulting from the intake and discontinued intake of a vegetable extract rich in carotenoids showed a good correlation among the three sensors and with the detected blood carotenoids. This illustrates that the SRRS-based sensors and RRS device provide reliable cutaneous carotenoid values independent of age and skin types I to III of the volunteers.
authors.affiliation: Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Department of Dermatology, Venerology and Allergology, Center of Experimental and Applied Cutaneous Physiology, Charitéplatz 1, 10117 Berlin, Germany.
authors.forename: Martina C
authors.initials: MC
authors.lastname: Meinke
authors.affiliation: Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Department of Dermatology, Venerology and Allergology, Center of Experimental and Applied Cutaneous Physiology, Charitéplatz 1, 10117 Berlin, Germany.
authors.forename: Sabine
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Schanzer
authors.affiliation: Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Department of Dermatology, Venerology and Allergology, Center of Experimental and Applied Cutaneous Physiology, Charitéplatz 1, 10117 Berlin, Germany.
authors.forename: Silke B
authors.initials: SB
authors.lastname: Lohan
authors.affiliation: Laser- und Medizin Technologie GmbH Berlin, Fabeckstr. 60-62, 14195 Berlin, Germany.
authors.forename: Ihar
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Shchatsinin
authors.affiliation: Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Department of Dermatology, Venerology and Allergology, Center of Experimental and Applied Cutaneous Physiology, Charitéplatz 1, 10117 Berlin, Germany.
authors.forename: Maxim E
authors.initials: ME
authors.lastname: Darvin
authors.affiliation: BioActive Food GmbH, Am Ihlsee 36a, 23795 Bad Segeberg, Germany.
authors.forename: Henning
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Vollert
authors.affiliation: Opsolution GmbH, Wilhelmshöher Allee 273a, 34131 Kassel, Germany.
authors.forename: Björn
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Magnussen
authors.affiliation: Opsolution GmbH, Wilhelmshöher Allee 273a, 34131 Kassel, Germany.
authors.forename: Wolfang
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Köcher
authors.affiliation: Laser- und Medizin Technologie GmbH Berlin, Fabeckstr. 60-62, 14195 Berlin, Germany.
authors.forename: Jürgen
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Helfmann
authors.affiliation: Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Department of Dermatology, Venerology and Allergology, Center of Experimental and Applied Cutaneous Physiology, Charitéplatz 1, 10117 Berlin, Germany.
authors.forename: Jürgen
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Lademann
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000097:blood / Q000737:chemistry; D002338:Carotenoids / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000032:analysis / Q000097:blood* / Q000493:pharmacokinetics; D004032:Diet; D004867:Equipment Design; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000493:pharmacokinetics; D012867:Skin / Q000098:blood supply / Q000737:chemistry*; D013059:Spectrum Analysis, Raman / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods; D014675:Vegetables; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; D010936:Plant Extracts; D002338:Carotenoids