title: Exosomes and Exosomal miRNA in Respiratory Diseases.
abstract: Exosomes are nanosized vesicles released from every cell in the body including those in the respiratory tract and lungs. They are found in most body fluids and contain a number of different biomolecules including proteins, lipids, and both mRNA and noncoding RNAs. Since they can release their contents, particularly miRNAs, to both neighboring and distal cells, they are considered important in cell-cell communication. Recent evidence has shown their possible importance in the pathogenesis of several pulmonary diseases. The differential expression of exosomes and of exosomal miRNAs in disease has driven their promise as biomarkers of disease enabling noninvasive clinical diagnosis in addition to their use as therapeutic tools. In this review, we summarize recent advances in this area as applicable to pulmonary diseases.
authors.affiliation: Clinical Tuberculosis and Epidemiology Research Center, National Research Institute of Tuberculosis and Lung Diseases (NRITLD), Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Institute of Medical Biotechnology, Molecular Medicine Department, National Institute of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (NIGEB), Tehran, Iran.
authors.forename: Shamila D
authors.initials: SD
authors.lastname: Alipoor
authors.affiliation: Clinical Tuberculosis and Epidemiology Research Center, National Research Institute of Tuberculosis and Lung Diseases (NRITLD), Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Division of Pharmacology, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Science, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands; Airways Disease Section, National Heart & Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, UK.
authors.forename: Esmaeil
authors.identifier: 0000-0002-7753-9624
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Mortaz
authors.affiliation: Division of Pharmacology, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Science, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands; Nutricia Research Centre for Specialized Nutrition, Utrecht, Netherlands.
authors.forename: Johan
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Garssen
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA), Los Angeles, CA, USA.
authors.forename: Masoud
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Movassaghi
authors.affiliation: Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, Sleep and Allergy, Department of Medicine, University of Miami Leonard M. Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA.
authors.forename: Mehdi
authors.identifier: 0000-0001-5298-8442
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Mirsaeidi
authors.affiliation: Airways Disease Section, National Heart & Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, UK.
authors.forename: Ian M
authors.identifier: 0000-0003-2101-8843
authors.initials: IM
authors.lastname: Adcock
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D055354:Exosomes / Q000235:genetics*; D006801:Humans; D035683:MicroRNAs / Q000235:genetics*; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000235:genetics; D022661:RNA, Untranslated / Q000235:genetics; D012140:Respiratory Tract Diseases / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D035683:MicroRNAs; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D022661:RNA, Untranslated