title: The effect of pulsed electric fields on the electrotactic migration of human neural progenitor cells through the involvement of intracellular calcium signaling.
abstract: Endogenous electric fields (EFs) are required for the physiological control of the central nervous system development. Application of the direct current EFs to neural stem cells has been studied for the possibility of stem cell transplantation as one of the therapies for brain injury. EFs generated within the nervous system are often associated with action potentials and synaptic activity, apparently resulting in a pulsed current in nature. The aim of this study is to investigate the effect of pulsed EF, which can reduce the cytotoxicity, on the migration of human neural progenitor cells (hNPCs). We applied the mono-directional pulsed EF with a strength of 250mV/mm to hNPCs for 6h. The migration distance of the hNPCs exposed to pulsed EF was significantly greater compared with the control not exposed to the EF. Pulsed EFs, however, had less of an effect on the migration of the differentiated hNPCs. There was no significant change in the survival of hNPCs after exposure to the pulsed EF. To investigate the role of Ca2+signaling in electrotactic migration of hNPCs, pharmacological inhibition of Ca2+channels in the EF-exposed cells revealed that the electrotactic migration of hNPCs exposed to Ca2+channel blockers was significantly lower compared to the control group. The findings suggest that the pulsed EF induced migration of hNPCs is partly influenced by intracellular Ca2+signaling.
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgical Sciences, Head and Neck Surgery, Section of Otolaryngology, Uppsala University Hospital, SE-751 85 Uppsala, Sweden; Department of Otolaryngology, Gifu University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-1 Yanagido, Gifu 501-1194, Japan. Electronic address: hhh@gifu-u.ac.jp.
authors.forename: Hisamitsu
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Hayashi
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgical Sciences, Head and Neck Surgery, Section of Otolaryngology, Uppsala University Hospital, SE-751 85 Uppsala, Sweden. Electronic address: fredrik.edin@surgsci.uu.se.
authors.forename: Fredrik
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Edin
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgical Sciences, Head and Neck Surgery, Section of Otolaryngology, Uppsala University Hospital, SE-751 85 Uppsala, Sweden. Electronic address: hao.li@surgsci.uu.se.
authors.forename: Hao
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgical Sciences, Head and Neck Surgery, Section of Otolaryngology, Uppsala University Hospital, SE-751 85 Uppsala, Sweden. Electronic address: lwoo24@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Wei
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgical Sciences, Head and Neck Surgery, Section of Otolaryngology, Uppsala University Hospital, SE-751 85 Uppsala, Sweden. Electronic address: helge.rask-andersen@akademiska.se.
authors.forename: Helge
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Rask-Andersen
mesh_terms: D001896:Boron Compounds / Q000494:pharmacology; D002118:Calcium / Q000378:metabolism; D002121:Calcium Channel Blockers / Q000494:pharmacology; D020013:Calcium Signaling / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology*; D002460:Cell Line; D002465:Cell Movement / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology*; D002470:Cell Survival; D004560:Electricity; D006801:Humans; D007093:Imidazoles / Q000494:pharmacology; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D042541:Intracellular Space / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D058953:Neural Stem Cells / Q000166:cytology / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology*; D009474:Neurons / Q000166:cytology / Q000502:physiology; D059008:Time-Lapse Imaging
chemical_list: C538758:2-aminoethyl diphenylborinate; D001896:Boron Compounds; D002121:Calcium Channel Blockers; D007093:Imidazoles; C063159:1-(2-(3-(4-methoxyphenyl)propoxy)-4-methoxyphenylethyl)-1H-imidazole; D002118:Calcium
keywords: Electrotactic migration; Human neural progenitor cell; Intracellular calcium signaling; Pulsed electric field; Time-lapse video microscopy