title: Quantitative analysis of cow whole milk and whey powder adulteration percentage in goat and sheep milk products by isotopic dilution-ultra-high performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry.
abstract: The aim of the study was to develop a method for quantification of cow's whey and whole milk powder in goat or sheep milk products including infant formula. A ultra-high performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (UHPLC-MS/MS) method was established for simultaneous quantification of four caseins and two major whey proteins by detecting their signature peptides, which were able to act as markers for differentiating goat or sheep from cow whey and whole milk powder in infant formulas. The signature peptides were screened based on the computational prediction by Biolynx software, and confirmed by database searching after analysis of liquid chromatography-quadrupole-time-of-flight tandem mass spectrometry (LC-Q-TOF-MS). The isotopic-labeled signature peptide was used as internal standard to compensate the matrix effect. The limits of quantification were 0.01-0.05 g/100 g for target proteins. The observed recovery rates ranged from 82.3 to 116.6 % and the reproducibility was excellent (RSD <12 %) at different spiking levels. The RSDs of intra- and inter-day precision were 2.8-6.2 and 3.3-9.8 %, respectively. The multiple reaction monitoring method was successfully applied to milk powder with different composition, showing high specificity and accuracy in detection of species involved. The calculating formula was designed to assess the composition of adulteration in the actual detection of infant formulas. These results highlight applicability of this method for the detection of infant formulas with complicated matrix.
authors.affiliation: College of Chemical Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, 310014, China.
authors.forename: Xing
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Ke
authors.affiliation: Zhejiang Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, No. 630, Xincheng Road, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310051, China.
authors.forename: Jingshun
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: College of Chemical Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, 310014, China.
authors.forename: Shiyun
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Lai
authors.affiliation: College of Chemical Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, 310014, China.
authors.forename: Qi
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.affiliation: College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, Zhejiang University, 866 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310058, China.
authors.forename: Yu
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, Zhejiang University, 866 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310058, China.
authors.forename: Yirong
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Jiang
authors.affiliation: College of Chemical Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, 310014, China. mowm@zjut.edu.cn.
authors.forename: Weimin
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Mo
authors.affiliation: College of Chemical Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, 310014, China. renyiping@263.net.
authors.forename: Yiping
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Ren
mesh_terms: D000595:Amino Acid Sequence; D000818:Animals; D002364:Caseins / Q000032:analysis; D002417:Cattle; D002851:Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid / Q000379:methods; D005260:Female; D005506:Food Contamination / Q000032:analysis*; D006041:Goats; D006801:Humans; D041943:Infant Formula / Q000737:chemistry*; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D057230:Limit of Detection; D008892:Milk / Q000737:chemistry*; D008894:Milk Proteins / Q000032:analysis*; D012756:Sheep; D021241:Spectrometry, Mass, Electrospray Ionization / Q000379:methods; D053719:Tandem Mass Spectrometry / Q000379:methods*; D000067796:Whey / Q000737:chemistry; D000067816:Whey Proteins / Q000032:analysis*
chemical_list: D002364:Caseins; D008894:Milk Proteins; D000067816:Whey Proteins
keywords: Adulteration; Goat and sheep; Infant formula; Quantification