title: Protective and ameliorative effect of sea buckthorn leaf extract supplementation on lead induced hemato-biochemical alterations in Wistar rats.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate the protective and ameliorative effect of aqueous sea buckthorn leaf extract (SLE) on hemato-biochemical profile in lead intoxicated Wistar rats.
  
  
  METHODS
  An experiment was conducted for 60 days. 36 adult male Wistar rats with a mean body weight of 177.8±12.6 g were divided into five groups and were subjected to various daily oral treatment regimens. Group I served as a negative control receiving only feed and water, Group II (positive control for lead) received lead acetate at 250 ppm in drinking water, and Group III (positive control for SLE) received SLE at 100 mg/kg b.wt. Animals in Group IV received a combination of lead acetate at 250 ppm in drinking water for the first 45 days and SLE at 100 mg/kg b.wt. throughout the experimental period of 60-day, and in Group V for the last 15 days of the trial after the administration of lead acetate until the first 45 days of the trial to study the protective and ameliorating effects of SLE, respectively. Blood samples were collected from retro-orbital fossa of each rat on 0th, 45th, and 60thday of the experiment for hemato-biochemical analysis including hemoglobin (Hb), packed cell volume (PCV), serum total protein, albumin, globulin, albumin:globulin ratio, cholesterol, urea, and creatinine.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Significantly (p<0.01) lower levels of serum total proteins and albumin, and a significantly (p<0.01) higher serum cholesterol, urea and creatinine levels were observed in Group II (lead intoxicated group) in comparison to Group I (negative control). Administration of SLE at 100 mg/kg body wt. to lead intoxicated Wistar rats resulted in normalization of almost all the biochemical parameters studied in both the treatment Groups, i.e., IV and V (protective and ameliorative). However, the effects were more pronounced in the protective group. No effects of SLE supplementation were observed on Hb levels. PCV levels improved in protective groups, but no effect was observed in ameliorative group in comparison to lead intoxicated groups.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  SLE administration at 100 mg/kg b.wt. to lead intoxicated Wistar rats may be used to protect/ameliorate lead induced biochemical alterations in Wistar rats.
authors.affiliation: Division of Veterinary Physiology and Biochemistry, Sher-e-Kashmir University of Agricultural Sciences and Technology of Jammu, RS Pura - 181 102, Jammu and Kashmir, India.
authors.forename: Rizwana
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Zargar
authors.affiliation: Division of Veterinary Physiology and Biochemistry, Sher-e-Kashmir University of Agricultural Sciences and Technology of Jammu, RS Pura - 181 102, Jammu and Kashmir, India.
authors.forename: Pratiksha
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Raghuwanshi
authors.affiliation: Division of Animal Nutrition, Sher-e-Kashmir University of Agricultural Sciences and Technology of Jammu, RS Pura - 181 102, Jammu and Kashmir, India.
authors.forename: Ankur
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Rastogi
authors.affiliation: Division of Veterinary Physiology and Biochemistry, Sher-e-Kashmir University of Agricultural Sciences and Technology of Jammu, RS Pura - 181 102, Jammu and Kashmir, India.
authors.forename: Aditi Lal
authors.initials: AL
authors.lastname: Koul
authors.affiliation: Division of Veterinary Physiology and Biochemistry, Sher-e-Kashmir University of Agricultural Sciences and Technology of Jammu, RS Pura - 181 102, Jammu and Kashmir, India.
authors.forename: Pallavi
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Khajuria
authors.affiliation: Division of Veterinary Public Health and Epidemiology, Sher-e-Kashmir University of Agricultural Sciences and Technology of Jammu, RS Pura - 181 102, Jammu and Kashmir, India.
authors.forename: Aafreen Wahid
authors.initials: AW
authors.lastname: Ganai
authors.affiliation: Division of Veterinary Physiology and Biochemistry, Sher-e-Kashmir University of Agricultural Sciences and Technology of Jammu, RS Pura - 181 102, Jammu and Kashmir, India.
authors.forename: Sumeet
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Kour
keywords: Wistar rats; hemato-biochemical; lead; sea buckthorn leaf extract