title: Ectopic pregnancy following in vitro fertilization: meta-analysis and single-center experience during 6 years.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Ectopic pregnancy (EP) has been reported to occur in 1.4-5.4% of all clinical pregnancies resulting from in vitro fertilization (IVF) and embryo transfer (ET). Data on factors associated with abnormal embryo implantation following assisted conception are limited.
  
  
  METHODS
  A systematic review and meta-analysis was performed to determine whether there is an association between the day (cleavage-stage, D3, versus blastocyst, D5) or the type (fresh versus frozen/thawed) of ET and EP rate. Risk factors for EP were evaluated in a retrospective study of 1194 women, who achieved pregnancy at our IVF unit between 2010 and 2016.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Sixteen papers were considered for the meta-analysis. EP rate did not differ between D3 and D5 fresh ET groups (RR = 0.99, 95%CI: 0.76-1.30) and was higher after fresh versus frozen ET (RR = 1.56, 95%CI: 1.25-1.95). At our clinic, 21 (1.76%) pregnancies were documented as ectopic. The risk of EP was associated with tubal pathology (OR = 3.37, 95%CI: 1.39-8.2), previous appendectomy and past chlamydial infection.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Present meta-analysis suggests that EP rate is similar following fresh blastocyst and cleavage ETs, but is significantly reduced after frozen compared with fresh ET. Our own findings demonstrate that tubal pathology has the major impact on EP occurrence following assisted conception.
authors.affiliation: a Department of Assisted Reproduction Technologies , FSBI D.O. Ott Research Institute of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductology , Saint-Petersburg , Russia and.
authors.forename: V
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Muller
authors.affiliation: a Department of Assisted Reproduction Technologies , FSBI D.O. Ott Research Institute of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductology , Saint-Petersburg , Russia and.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Makhmadalieva
authors.affiliation: a Department of Assisted Reproduction Technologies , FSBI D.O. Ott Research Institute of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductology , Saint-Petersburg , Russia and.
authors.forename: I
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Kogan
authors.affiliation: a Department of Assisted Reproduction Technologies , FSBI D.O. Ott Research Institute of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductology , Saint-Petersburg , Russia and.
authors.forename: I
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Fedorova
authors.affiliation: a Department of Assisted Reproduction Technologies , FSBI D.O. Ott Research Institute of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductology , Saint-Petersburg , Russia and.
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Lesik
authors.affiliation: a Department of Assisted Reproduction Technologies , FSBI D.O. Ott Research Institute of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductology , Saint-Petersburg , Russia and.
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Komarova
authors.affiliation: a Department of Assisted Reproduction Technologies , FSBI D.O. Ott Research Institute of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductology , Saint-Petersburg , Russia and.|b Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductology, Faculty of Medicine , Saint-Petersburg State University, Saint-Petersburg , Russia.
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Dzhemlikhanova
authors.affiliation: b Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductology, Faculty of Medicine , Saint-Petersburg State University, Saint-Petersburg , Russia.
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Niauri
authors.affiliation: a Department of Assisted Reproduction Technologies , FSBI D.O. Ott Research Institute of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductology , Saint-Petersburg , Russia and.|b Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductology, Faculty of Medicine , Saint-Petersburg State University, Saint-Petersburg , Russia.
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Gzgzyan
authors.affiliation: a Department of Assisted Reproduction Technologies , FSBI D.O. Ott Research Institute of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductology , Saint-Petersburg , Russia and.|b Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductology, Faculty of Medicine , Saint-Petersburg State University, Saint-Petersburg , Russia.
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Ailamazyan
mesh_terms: D004624:Embryo Transfer / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D005260:Female; D005307:Fertilization in Vitro / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D006801:Humans; D011247:Pregnancy; D011271:Pregnancy, Ectopic / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000209:etiology
keywords: Assisted reproduction; IVF; ectopic pregnancy; embryo transfer; in vitro fertilization