title: Conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) promotes endurance capacity via peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor δ-mediated mechanism in mice.
abstract: Previously, it was reported that conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) with exercise training potentially improved endurance capacity via the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor δ (PPARδ)-mediated mechanism in mice. This study determined the role of exercise and/or CLA in endurance capacity and PPARδ-associated regulators. Male 129Sv/J mice were fed either control (soybean oil) or CLA (0.5%) containing diets for 4 weeks and were further divided into sedentary or training regimes. CLA supplementation significantly reduced body weight and fat mass independent of exercise during the experimental period. Endurance capacity was significantly improved by CLA supplementation, while no effect of exercise was observed. Similarly, CLA treatment significantly increased expressions of sirtuin 1 and PPARγ coactivator-1α, up-stream regulators of PPARδ, in both sedentary and trained animals. With respect to downstream markers of PPARδ, CLA up-regulated the key biomarker needed to stimulate mitochondrial biogenesis, nuclear respiratory factor 1. Moreover, CLA supplementation significantly induced overall genes associated with muscle fibers, such as type I (slow-twitch) and type II (fast twitch). Taken together, it suggests that CLA improves endurance capacity independent of mild-intensity exercise via PPARδ-mediated mechanism.
authors.affiliation: Department of Food Science, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA 01003, USA.
authors.forename: Yoo
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.affiliation: Department of Mathematics and Statistics, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA 01003, USA.
authors.forename: Daeyoung
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.affiliation: Department of Food Science, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA 01003, USA. Electronic address: ypark@foodsci.umass.edu.
authors.forename: Yeonhwa
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Park
mesh_terms: D050154:Adiposity; D000818:Animals; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000378:metabolism; D019587:Dietary Supplements / Q000009:adverse effects; D002149:Energy Intake; D004734:Energy Metabolism; D005786:Gene Expression Regulation; D044243:Linoleic Acids, Conjugated / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000009:adverse effects; D008297:Male; D057507:Mice, 129 Strain; D008931:Mitochondria, Muscle / Q000378:metabolism; D063154:Mitochondrial Dynamics; D018482:Muscle, Skeletal / Q000378:metabolism*; D051266:Nuclear Respiratory Factor 1 / Q000819:agonists / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D001678:Organelle Biogenesis; D047495:PPAR gamma / Q000819:agonists* / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D058573:Performance-Enhancing Substances / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000009:adverse effects; D000071248:Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptor Gamma Coactivator 1-alpha / Q000819:agonists / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D010807:Physical Endurance; D011897:Random Allocation; D056564:Sirtuin 1 / Q000737:chemistry / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D015430:Weight Gain
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; D044243:Linoleic Acids, Conjugated; C495634:Nrf1 protein, mouse; D051266:Nuclear Respiratory Factor 1; D047495:PPAR gamma; D058573:Performance-Enhancing Substances; D000071248:Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptor Gamma Coactivator 1-alpha; C485290:Ppargc1a protein, mouse; C470545:Sirt1 protein, mouse; D056564:Sirtuin 1
keywords: CLA; Conjugated linoleic acid; Endurance capacity; Mitochondrial biogenesis; Muscle metabolism