title: The Association Between Oxidative Stress and Depressive Symptom Scores in Elderly Population: A Repeated Panel Study.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Previous epidemiological studies about oxidative stress and depression are limited by hospital-based case-control design, single-time measurements of oxidative stress biomarkers, and the small number of study participants. Therefore, in this study, we analyzed the association between biomarker of oxidative stress and depressive symptom scores using repeatedly measured panel data from a community-dwelling elderly population.
  
  
  METHODS
  From 2008 to 2010, a total of 478 elderly participants residing in Seoul, Korea, were evaluated three times. Participants underwent the Korean version of the Short Form Generic Depression Scale (SGDS-K) test for screening depression, and urinary malondialdehyde (MDA) levels were measured as an oxidative stress biomarker. We used a generalized estimating equation with a compound symmetry covariance structure to estimate the effects of oxidative stress on depressive symptom scores.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A two-fold increase in urinary MDA concentration was significantly associated with a 33.88% (95% confidence interval [CI], 21.59% to 47.42%) increase in total SGDS-K scores. In subgroup analyses by gender, a two-fold increase in urinary MDA concentration was significantly associated with increased SGDS-K scores in both men and women (men: 30.88%; 95% CI, 10.24% to 55.37%; women: 34.77%; 95% CI, 20.09% to 51.25%). In bivariate analysis after an SGDS-K score ≥8 was defined as depression, the third and the fourth urinary MDA quartiles showed a significantly increased odds ratio(OR) of depression compared to the lowest urinary MDA quartile (third quartile OR, 6.51; 95% CI, 1.77 to 24.00; fourth quartile OR, 7.11; 95% CI, 1.99 to 25.42).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our study suggests a significant association between oxidative stress and depressive symptoms in the elderly population.
authors.affiliation: Department of Preventive Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.
authors.forename: Changwoo
authors.identifier: 0000-0002-5127-4680
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Han
authors.affiliation: Department of Preventive Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.|Institute of Environmental Medicine, Seoul National University Medical Research Center, Seoul, Korea.
authors.forename: Youn-Hee
authors.identifier: 0000-0002-1290-5814
authors.initials: YH
authors.lastname: Lim
authors.affiliation: Department of Preventive Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.|Institute of Environmental Medicine, Seoul National University Medical Research Center, Seoul, Korea.|Environmental Health Center, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.
authors.forename: Yun-Chul
authors.identifier: 0000-0001-9010-7271
authors.initials: YC
authors.lastname: Hong
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D044466:Asian People; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000652:urine; D002851:Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; D003863:Depression / Q000175:diagnosis*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008137:Longitudinal Studies; D008297:Male; D008315:Malondialdehyde / Q000652:urine; D008875:Middle Aged; D016017:Odds Ratio; D018384:Oxidative Stress; D056910:Republic of Korea; D012720:Severity of Illness Index
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; D008315:Malondialdehyde
keywords: Aged; Depression; Depressive disorder; Malondialdehyde; Oxidative stress