title: Refuse leachate exposure causes changes of thyroid hormone level and related gene expression in female goldfish (Carassius auratus).
abstract: To elucidate the potential thyroid disrupting effects of refuse leachate on females, female goldfish (Carassius auratus) were exposed to 0.5% diluted leachates from each step of a leachate treatment process (i.e. raw leachate before treatment, after membrane bioreactor treatment, and the final treated leachate) for 21days. Raw leachate exposure caused disturbances in the thyroid cascade of female fish, as evidenced by the elevated plasma 3,3',5-triiodo-l-thyronine (p<0.05) and thyroid-stimulating hormone (p<0.01) levels as well as up-regulated hepatic and gonadal type I deiodinase (p<0.01), type II deiodinase (p<0.01) and thyroid receptor (p<0.05) mRNA levels. Thyroid disrupting potency decreased markedly as raw leachate progressed through the "membrane bioreactor + reverse osmosis" treatment but could still be detected in the treated leachate. As our results indicated, thyroid system in female goldfish was more sensitive to leachate exposure than that of the male fish.
authors.affiliation: Marine Life Science College, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266003, China.
authors.forename: Yufeng
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Gong
authors.affiliation: Marine Life Science College, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266003, China.
authors.forename: Hua
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Tian
authors.affiliation: Marine Life Science College, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266003, China.
authors.forename: Xiaona
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: Marine Life Science College, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266003, China.
authors.forename: Yifei
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Dong
authors.affiliation: Marine Life Science College, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266003, China.
authors.forename: Wei
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: Marine Life Science College, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266003, China. Electronic address: rusg@ouc.edu.cn.
authors.forename: Shaoguo
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Ru
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D019149:Bioreactors; D002681:China; D052244:Endocrine Disruptors / Q000633:toxicity*; D005260:Female; D015870:Gene Expression / Q000187:drug effects*; D006054:Goldfish / Q000097:blood* / Q000235:genetics; D006066:Gonads / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D007453:Iodide Peroxidase / Q000235:genetics; D008099:Liver / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D060888:Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction; D012037:Refuse Disposal / Q000379:methods; D037021:Thyroid Hormone Receptors alpha / Q000235:genetics; D037042:Thyroid Hormone Receptors beta / Q000235:genetics; D013972:Thyrotropin / Q000097:blood* / Q000235:genetics; D013974:Thyroxine / Q000097:blood / Q000235:genetics; D014284:Triiodothyronine / Q000097:blood* / Q000235:genetics; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical / Q000633:toxicity*; D018508:Water Purification / Q000379:methods
chemical_list: D052244:Endocrine Disruptors; D037021:Thyroid Hormone Receptors alpha; D037042:Thyroid Hormone Receptors beta; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical; D014284:Triiodothyronine; D013972:Thyrotropin; D007453:Iodide Peroxidase; D013974:Thyroxine
keywords: Bioassay; Female; Gender difference; Refuse leachate; Thyroid-disrupting effect