title: Low bone mineral density among young healthy adult Saudi women. Prevalence and associated factors in the age group of 20 to 36 years.
abstract: To screen for low bone mineral density among young adult Saudi women using quantitative ultrasound (QUS) and exploring the high risk groups. Methods: A cross-sectional study was performed on 279, 20-36 years old female students and employees of Taibah University, Al Madinah Al Munawwarah, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia between January and May 2014. The study included bone status assessed using QUS, a structured self-reported questionnaire, anthropometric measurements, and evaluation of bone markers of bone metabolism. Results: The prevalence of low bone mineral density was 9%. Serum osteocalcin was found significantly higher in candidates with low bone mineral density, 20.67 ng/ml versus 10.7 ng/ml, and it was negatively correlated with T-scores. At any given point in time the exposed subjects to low calcium intake and inadequate sun exposure in the population were 11 times and 3 times more likely to have low bone mineral density, (adjusted odds ratio [OR], 11.0; 95%confidence interval [CI]=3.16, 38.34; p=0.001) and (adjusted OR, 3.32, 95%CI=1.27, 8.66, p less than 0.01). Conclusion: Early detection screening programs for low bone mineral density are needed in Saudi Arabia as it affects young Saudi women specially the high-risk group that includes young women with insufficient calcium intake and insufficient sun exposure. Serum osteocalcin as a biomarker for screening for low bone mineral density could be introduced.
authors.affiliation: Department of Family and Community Medicine, College of Medicine, Taibah University, Al Madinah Al Munawwarah, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. E-mail. drziedan@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Zeidan A
authors.initials: ZA
authors.lastname: Zeidan
authors.forename: Intisar E
authors.initials: IE
authors.lastname: Sultan
authors.forename: Shaista S
authors.initials: SS
authors.lastname: Guraya
authors.forename: Abdulmohsen H
authors.initials: AH
authors.lastname: Al-Zalabani
authors.forename: Khalid I
authors.initials: KI
authors.lastname: Khoshhal
mesh_terms: D015502:Absorptiometry, Photon / Q000379:methods; D000328:Adult; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000097:blood; D015519:Bone Density; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008159:Lumbar Vertebrae / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D010281:Parathyroid Hormone / Q000097:blood; D015995:Prevalence; D012529:Saudi Arabia / Q000453:epidemiology; D013472:Sunlight; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D014807:Vitamin D / Q000097:blood; D014808:Vitamin D Deficiency / Q000097:blood / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000453:epidemiology
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; D010281:Parathyroid Hormone; D014807:Vitamin D