title: Clostridium difficile environmental contamination within a clinical laundry facility in the USA.
abstract: Clostridium difficile is both a hospital and community-acquired pathogen. The current study determined if C. difficile could be cultured from clinical laundry facility surfaces. A total of 240 surface samples were collected from dirty areas (n = 120), which handle soiled clinical linens, and from clean areas (n = 120), which process and fold the clean linens, within the University of Washington Consolidated Laundry facility in 2015. Sampling was done four times over the course of 1 year. The dirty area was significantly more contaminated than the clean area (21% vs 2%, P < 0.001). Clostridium difficile isolates were genetically characterized using multilocus sequence typing and PCR for the detection of genes encoding toxin A and toxin B. The MLST types 1, 2, 3, 15, 26, 34, 35, 39, 42, 43, 44, 53, 63 and 284 were identified and have previously been found in both clinical and community settings. Toxin positive isolates were identified in both the dirty (n = 16/25) and clean areas (n = 2/2). Seasonal variation was observed with 40% of the 27 isolates cultured in April 2015. The study suggests that soiled clinical linens may be a source of C. difficile surface contamination.
authors.forename: Karen
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Michael
authors.forename: David
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: No
authors.forename: Jennifer
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Dankoff
authors.forename: Kyoyi
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: Elisabeth
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Lara-Crawford
authors.forename: Marilyn C
authors.initials: MC
authors.lastname: Roberts
keywords: 
            Clostridium difficile
          ; MLST; environmental contamination