title: The Pursuit of Noninvasive Diagnosis of Lung Cancer.
abstract: The noninvasive diagnosis of lung cancer remains a formidable challenge. Although tissue diagnosis will remain the gold standard for the foreseeable future, questions pertaining to the risks and costs associated with invasive diagnostic procedures are of prime relevance. This review addresses new modalities for improving the noninvasive evaluation of suspicious lung nodules. Ultimately, the goal is to translate early diagnosis into early treatment. We discuss how biomarkers could assist in distinguishing benign from malignant nodules and aggressive from indolent tumors. The field of biomarkers is rapidly expanding and progressing, and efforts are well underway to apply molecular diagnostics to address the shortcomings of current lung cancer diagnostic tools.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee.
authors.forename: Thomas
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Atwater
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee.
authors.forename: Christine M
authors.initials: CM
authors.lastname: Cook
authors.affiliation: Cornelius Vanderbilt Endowed Chair in Medicine, Division of Allergy, Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee.
authors.forename: Pierre P
authors.initials: PP
authors.lastname: Massion
mesh_terms: D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor / Q000032:analysis*; D006801:Humans; D008175:Lung Neoplasms / Q000175:diagnosis*; D055613:Multiple Pulmonary Nodules / Q000175:diagnosis; D003074:Solitary Pulmonary Nodule / Q000175:diagnosis
chemical_list: D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor