title: The role of natural organic matter in nitrite formation by LP-UV/H2O2treatment of nitrate-rich water.
abstract: The role of natural organic matter (NOM) on nitrite formation from nitrate photolysis by low pressure ultraviolet lamp (LP-UV) photolysis and LP-UV/H2O2treatment was investigated. Nitrate levels up to the WHO guideline maximum of 50 mg NO3-/L were used in tests. The presence of 4 mg/L Suwannee River natural organic matter (NOM) led to increased nitrite yields compared to NOM-free controls. This was caused partly by NOM scavenging of OH radicals, preserving the produced NO2-as well as the ONOO-that leads to NO2-formation, but also via the production of radical species (1O2, O2- and OH) by the photolysis of NOM. In addition, solvated electrons formed by NOM photolysis may reduce nitrate directly to nitrite. For comparison, Nordic Lake NOM, representative of aquatic NOM, as well as Pony Lake NOM, which had a greater nitrogen content (6.51% w/w) than the other two types of NOM, were investigated, yielding similar nitrite levels as Suwannee River NOM. The results suggest that neither the type nor the nitrogen content of the NOM have an effect on the nitrite yields obtained over the range of UV/H2O2doses applied (UV fluences of 500-2100 mJ/cm2and hydrogen peroxide doses of 10, 25, and 50 mg/L). The findings indicate that for UV fluences above 1500 mJ/cm2the resulting nitrite concentration can exceed the 0.1 mg/L EU regulatory limit for nitrite, suggesting that nitrite formation by LP-UV advanced oxidation of nitrate-rich waters is important to consider.
authors.affiliation: Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Imperial College London, London, UK; Wetsus, European Centre of Excellence for Sustainable Water Technology, Leeuwarden, The Netherlands. Electronic address: s.semitsoglou-tsiapou12@imperial.ac.uk.
authors.forename: Sofia
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Semitsoglou-Tsiapou
authors.affiliation: WLN, Glimmen, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Astrid
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Mous
authors.affiliation: Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Imperial College London, London, UK.
authors.forename: Michael R
authors.initials: MR
authors.lastname: Templeton
authors.affiliation: Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Imperial College London, London, UK.
authors.forename: Nigel J D
authors.initials: NJD
authors.lastname: Graham
authors.affiliation: Wetsus, European Centre of Excellence for Sustainable Water Technology, Leeuwarden, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Lucía
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Hernández Leal
authors.affiliation: Wetsus, European Centre of Excellence for Sustainable Water Technology, Leeuwarden, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Joop C
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: Kruithof
mesh_terms: D006861:Hydrogen Peroxide; D009566:Nitrates; D009573:Nitrites; D010084:Oxidation-Reduction; D014466:Ultraviolet Rays; D014867:Water; D018508:Water Purification
chemical_list: D009566:Nitrates; D009573:Nitrites; D014867:Water; D006861:Hydrogen Peroxide
keywords: Natural organic matter; Nitrate; Nitrite; Photochemistry; Photolysis; UV advanced oxidation