title: Pharmacy Student Learning During Advanced Pharmacy Practice Experiences in Relation to the CAPE 2013 Outcomes.
abstract: Outcomes from The Center for Advancement of Pharmacy Education (CAPE) are intended to represent the terminal knowledge, skills, and attitudes pharmacy students should possess and have guided delivery of pharmacy education for more than two decades. Advanced pharmacy practice experiences (APPEs) are the endpoint of pharmacy curricula where demonstration and assessment of terminal learning occurs. This review examines published literature in relation to the most recent CAPE outcomes to determine the extent to which they have been addressed during APPEs since 1996. Details related to the APPE focus, intervention(s)/learning setting(s), and assessments are summarized according to the 15 CAPE outcomes. Further, the assessments are categorized according to the level of learning achieved using an available method. Common CAPE outcomes are highlighted, as well as those for which published reports are lacking for APPEs. The range and quality of assessments are discussed and emphasize the need for continuous improvement of scholarly design and assessment.
authors.affiliation: University of Oklahoma College of Pharmacy, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma.
authors.forename: Vincent C
authors.initials: VC
authors.lastname: Dennis
authors.affiliation: University of Georgia College of Pharmacy, Athens, Georgia.
authors.forename: Dianne W
authors.initials: DW
authors.lastname: May
authors.affiliation: St. John's University College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, Queens, New York.
authors.forename: Tina J
authors.initials: TJ
authors.lastname: Kanmaz
authors.affiliation: University of Minnesota College of Pharmacy, Minneapolis, Minnesota.
authors.forename: Shannon L
authors.initials: SL
authors.lastname: Reidt
authors.affiliation: The University of Toledo College of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Toledo, Ohio.
authors.forename: Michelle L
authors.initials: ML
authors.lastname: Serres
authors.affiliation: University of Oklahoma College of Pharmacy, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma.
authors.forename: Heather D
authors.initials: HD
authors.lastname: Edwards
mesh_terms: D003479:Curriculum; D004512:Education, Pharmacy / Q000458:organization & administration*; D004521:Educational Measurement; D023381:Endpoint Determination; D006801:Humans; D011231:Preceptorship; D018794:Problem-Based Learning; D013339:Students, Pharmacy
keywords: APPE; CAPE outcomes; Kirkpatrick’s Hierarchy; assessment; experiential education