title: Evaluation of mean conversion coefficients from air-kerma to H*(10) using secondary and transmitted x-ray spectra in the diagnostic radiology energy range.
abstract: Ambient dose equivalent H*(10) is an operational quantity recommended by the IAEA to establish dose constraints in area monitoring for external radiation. The direct measurement of H*(10) is not common due to the complexity in the calibration procedures of radiation monitors involving the use of expanded and aligned radiation fields. Therefore, conversion coefficients are used to assess H*(10) from the physical quantity air-kerma. Conversion coefficients published by international commissions, ICRU and ICRP, present a correlation with the radiation beam quality. However, Brazilian regulation establishes 1.14 Sv Gy-1as unique conversion coefficient to convert air-kerma into H*(10), disregarding its beam quality dependence. The present study computed mean conversion coefficients from secondary and transmitted x-ray beams in order to improve the current assessment of H*(10). The weighting of conversion coefficients corresponding to monoenergetic beams with the spectrum energy distribution in terms of air-kerma was used to compute the mean conversion coefficients. In order to represent dedicated chest radiographic facilities, an anthropomorphic phantom was used as scatter object of the primary beam. Secondary x-ray spectra were measured in the diagnostic energy range at scattering angles of 30°, 60°, 90° 120° and 150° degrees. Barite mortar plates were used as attenuator of the secondary beam to produce the corresponding transmitted x-ray spectra. Results show that the mean conversion coefficients are about 43% higher than the recommended value accepted by Brazilian regulation. For secondary radiation measured at 100 kV the mean coefficient should be 1.46 Sv Gy-1, which represent the higher value in the mean coefficient set corresponding to secondary beams. Moreover, for transmitted x-ray beams at 100 kV, the recommended mean conversion coefficient is 1.65 Sv Gy-1for all barite mortar plate thickness and all scattering angles. An example of application shows the discrepancy in the evaluation of secondary shielding barriers in a controlled area when the shielding goals is evaluated. The conclusion based on these results is that a unique coefficient may not be adequate for deriving the H*(10).
authors.affiliation: Instituto de Física da Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.
authors.forename: A H
authors.initials: AH
authors.lastname: Lopez Gonzales
authors.forename: J C
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: Santos
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Mariano
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Tomal
authors.forename: P R
authors.initials: PR
authors.lastname: Costa
mesh_terms: D001938:Brazil; D011829:Radiation Dosage; D011834:Radiation Monitoring / Q000592:standards*; D011835:Radiation Protection; D011871:Radiology; D012542:Scattering, Radiation; D014965:X-Rays