title: Elucidating the role of oxidative stress in the therapeutic effect of rutin on experimental acute pancreatitis.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Acute pancreatitis (AP) may be severe and cause hospitalization or death, and the available treatment is insufficient to control pancreatic inflammation and pain. Rutin is a natural flavonoid with the potential to treat AP via anti-inflammatory, antinociceptive, and antioxidant activities.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  This study investigated the beneficial effects of rutin on experimental AP induced by l-arginine administration in mice.
  
  
  METHODS
  The l-arginine-induced AP model was used in Swiss mice (n = 6-8). Mice submitted to AP induction were treated with rutin (37.5, 75, or 150 mg kg-1, p.o.) or vehicle (saline) after 24, 36, 48, and 60 h of AP induction. Abdominal hyperalgesia, serum enzymes, interleukin (IL)-6 levels, pancreatic inflammatory parameters, malondialdehyde (MDA) levels, antioxidant enzyme activities, and 3-nitrotyrosine contents were measured 72 h after induction.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Mice submitted to l-arginine injections developed abdominal hyperalgesia and increased serum amylase, lipase, C-reactive protein and IL-6 concentrations; and increased pancreatic myeloperoxidase activity, edema index, MDA, and 3-nitrotyrosine contents. A marked decrease in catalase activity was observed in the pancreas without alterations of superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity compared with the control group. Rutin treatment significantly impaired all the parameters that were altered by AP induction, but increased catalase and SOD activities in the pancreas compared with the vehicle-treated group.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Rutin treatment exerted a protective effect on l-arginine-induced AP by mechanisms involving the reduction of oxidative stress, which suggests that this flavonoid has a potential for future approaches designed for the management of AP.
authors.affiliation: a Department of Physiology , Federal University of Sergipe , São Cristóvão , SE , Brazil.
authors.forename: Fabíula Francisca
authors.initials: FF
authors.lastname: Abreu
authors.affiliation: a Department of Physiology , Federal University of Sergipe , São Cristóvão , SE , Brazil.
authors.forename: Ana Carla Araújo
authors.initials: AC
authors.lastname: Souza
authors.affiliation: b Department of Pharmacology , Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo , São Paulo , SP , Brazil.
authors.forename: Simone Aparecida
authors.initials: SA
authors.lastname: Teixeira
authors.affiliation: b Department of Pharmacology , Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo , São Paulo , SP , Brazil.
authors.forename: Antônio Garcia
authors.initials: AG
authors.lastname: Soares
authors.affiliation: a Department of Physiology , Federal University of Sergipe , São Cristóvão , SE , Brazil.
authors.forename: Daiane Franco
authors.initials: DF
authors.lastname: Teixeira
authors.affiliation: c Department of Morphology , Federal University of Sergipe , São Cristóvão , Sergipe , Brazil.
authors.forename: Rosilene Calazans
authors.initials: RC
authors.lastname: Soares
authors.affiliation: a Department of Physiology , Federal University of Sergipe , São Cristóvão , SE , Brazil.
authors.forename: Marilia Trindade
authors.initials: MT
authors.lastname: Santana
authors.affiliation: a Department of Physiology , Federal University of Sergipe , São Cristóvão , SE , Brazil.
authors.forename: Sandra
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Lauton Santos
authors.affiliation: b Department of Pharmacology , Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo , São Paulo , SP , Brazil.
authors.forename: Soraia Kátia Pereira
authors.initials: SK
authors.lastname: Costa
authors.affiliation: b Department of Pharmacology , Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo , São Paulo , SP , Brazil.
authors.forename: Marcelo Nicolas
authors.initials: MN
authors.lastname: Muscará
authors.affiliation: a Department of Physiology , Federal University of Sergipe , São Cristóvão , SE , Brazil.
authors.forename: Enilton Aparecido
authors.initials: EA
authors.lastname: Camargo
mesh_terms: D000208:Acute Disease; D000818:Animals; D000975:Antioxidants; D005419:Flavonoids; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D018384:Oxidative Stress; D010179:Pancreas / Q000473:pathology*; D010195:Pancreatitis / Q000188:drug therapy*; D012431:Rutin / Q000737:chemistry / Q000627:therapeutic use*
chemical_list: D000975:Antioxidants; D005419:Flavonoids; D012431:Rutin
keywords: Pancreatic injury; antioxidant; flavonoid; inflammation; pain