title: Comparison of Different Nanosuspensions as Potential Ophthalmic Delivery Systems for Ketotifen Fumarate.
abstract: Purpose:The objective of this study was to develop, characterize, and comparatively investigate the ketotifen fumarate (KF) nanosuspensions (NSS) to enhance the permeability of KF.Methods:In the present work, the NSPand NSEwere prepared by double-emulsion solvent evaporation/nanoprecipitation methods with poly (D,Llactide-co-glycolide) and Eudragit RL100 polymers, respectively. The loading efficiency, particle size, and polydispersity index of prepared different NSs were evaluated with scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray diffraction, differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), and in vitro release and transcorneal permeation . NSs were also compared on the basis of particle size and polydispersity index.Results:Particle size, polydispersity index, and loading efficiency of NSP1and NSE3showed the best value (158 nm, 117 nm, 0.21, 0.43 and 43%, 95.23%, respectively). SEM showed spherical globules and DSC results showed the reduction in crystallinity. The NSE3formulations demonstrated significantly (p<0.05) higher drug release rates than the NSP1due to increases in the surface area. Comparative studies showed that NSErelease and permeability are higher than NSP.Conclusion:It is concluded that both NSPand NSEprovide a useful dosage form for the ocular drug delivery which can enhance the permeability of KF.
authors.affiliation: Drug Applied Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.; Student Research Committee, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.
authors.forename: Saieede
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Soltani
authors.affiliation: Liver and Gastrointestinal Diseases Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.; Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.
authors.forename: Parvin
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Zakeri-Milani
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.
authors.forename: Mohammad
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Barzegar-Jalali
authors.affiliation: Drug Applied Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.; Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.
authors.forename: Mitra
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Jelvehgari
keywords: Ketotifen fumarate; Nanosuspension; Permeability; Transcorneal