title: A rapid two-dimensional data collection system for the study of ferroelectric materials under external applied electric fields.
abstract: Synchrotron X-rays on the Swiss Norwegian Beamline and BM28 (XMaS) at the ESRF have been used to record the diffraction response of the PMN-PT relaxor piezoelectric 67% Pb(Mg1/3Nb2/3)O3-33% PbTiO3as a function of externally applied electric field. A DC field in the range 0-18 kV cm-1was applied along the [001] pseudo-cubic direction using a specially designed sample cell forin situsingle-crystal diffraction experiments. The cell allowed data to be collected on a Pilatus 2M area detector in a large volume of reciprocal space using transmission geometry. The data showed good agreement with a twinned single-phase monoclinic structure model. The results from the area detector were compared with previous Bragg peak mapping using variable electric fields and a single detector where the structural model was ambiguous. The coverage of a significantly larger section of reciprocal space facilitated by the area detector allowed precise phase analysis.
authors.affiliation: Peter the Great Polytechnic University , St Petersburg, Russian Federation.
authors.forename: Tikhon
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Vergentev
authors.affiliation: Peter the Great Polytechnic University , St Petersburg, Russian Federation.
authors.forename: Iurii
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Bronwald
authors.affiliation: ESRF , 71 Rue des Martyrs, Grenoble, France.
authors.forename: Dmitry
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Chernyshov
authors.affiliation: Department of Physics, University of Siegen , Siegen, Germany.
authors.forename: Semen
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Gorfman
authors.affiliation: School of Materials, The University of Manchester , Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9PL, UK.
authors.forename: Stephanie H M
authors.initials: SH
authors.lastname: Ryding
authors.affiliation: ESRF , 71 Rue des Martyrs, Grenoble, France.
authors.forename: Paul
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Thompson
authors.affiliation: School of Materials, The University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9PL, UK; ESRF, 71 Rue des Martyrs, Grenoble, France.
authors.forename: Robert J
authors.initials: RJ
authors.lastname: Cernik
keywords: PMN-PT; area detectors; diffuse scattering; ferroelectricity; in situ two-dimensional X-ray single-crystal diffraction; phase transitions; piezoelectricity; synchrotron X-rays