title: Prevalence of Late-Onset Hypogonadism in Men with Localized and Metastatic Renal Cell Carcinoma.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Cancer-related fatigue is a common symptom in patients with renal cell carcinoma (RCC) and can be similar to the fatigue found in late-onset hypogonadism (LOH). The aim of this study was to investigate the prevalence of LOH in patients with localized RCC (loRCC) and metastatic RCC (mRCC) disease under targeted therapy (TT) and compare the results to findings of epidemiologic studies.
  
  
  METHODS
  A total of 51 mRCC patients under TT and 33 patients with loRCC undergoing nephrectomy were included. Total testosterone (tT) levels and clinical signs of LOH were recorded (testicular volume, body-mass index (BMI), hip-to-waist ratio, International Index of Erectile Function, IIEF-5, Androgen Deficiency in the Aging Male, ADAM, and quality of life questionnaire-C30). LOH was defined according to current guidelines.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Morning tT and calculated free testosterone levels showed no significant difference in patients with mRCC and loRCC (p = 0.551 and p = 0.430). A significant difference was found for clinical signs and symptoms including the ADAM score (p = 0.003), hip-to-waist ratio (p = 0.017) and testicular volume (p < 0.001). IIEF-5 score and BMI were not significantly different. The prevalence of LOH according to the current EAU definition was 13.7 and 15.2% for the mRCC and loRCC cohort, respectively (p = 0.302).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  LOH was present in a significant proportion of RCC patients. Prevalence rates of LOH were higher in patients with RCC compared to patients without cancer.
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, Charité Universitaetsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany.
authors.forename: Bernhard
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Ralla
authors.forename: Ahmed
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Magheli
authors.forename: Ingmar
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Wolff
authors.forename: Barbara
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Erber
authors.forename: Irena
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Goranova
authors.forename: Frank
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Friedersdorff
authors.forename: Stefan
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Hinz
authors.forename: Carsten
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Kempkensteffen
authors.forename: Kurt
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Miller
authors.forename: Jonas
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Busch
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000728:Androgens / Q000627:therapeutic use; D015992:Body Mass Index; D002292:Carcinoma, Renal Cell / Q000150:complications* / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000453:epidemiology; D015331:Cohort Studies; D006801:Humans; D007006:Hypogonadism / Q000150:complications* / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000453:epidemiology; D007680:Kidney Neoplasms / Q000150:complications* / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000453:epidemiology; D019656:Loss of Heterozygosity; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009362:Neoplasm Metastasis; D015995:Prevalence; D011446:Prospective Studies; D011788:Quality of Life; D012738:Sex Hormone-Binding Globulin / Q000378:metabolism; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D013737:Testis / Q000502:physiology; D013739:Testosterone / Q000097:blood / Q000627:therapeutic use
chemical_list: D000728:Androgens; D012738:Sex Hormone-Binding Globulin; D013739:Testosterone