title: Acantosis nigricansis associated with risk factors related to cardiovascular disease in Mexican children with obesity.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The prevalence of obesity in Mexican children has increased during the last decade, as has the risk of early onset metabolic disorders and cardiovascular disease.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To determine the association ofAcantosis nigricans (AN)with dyslipidemia, high blood pressure, body mass index (BMI), and risk factors related to eating behavior in overweight and obese children.
  
  
  METHODS
  This transverse analytical study, conducted in two Mexico City primary schools, included 300 boys and girls. Information was gathered on hereditary and perinatal background. A physical examination provided data on the presence/absence of AN, blood pressure, weight and height. The BMI and Z-score were calculated. The serum concentration of glucose, cholesterol and triglycerides was quantified and the lipoprotein profile determined.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The prevalence of AN was 41.7%. An association was found between ANand risk factors for cardiovascular disease, including BMI (rS 0.432; p < 0.0001), systolic and diastolic blood pressure above the 90th percentile (rS 0.231, p < 0.0001; rS 0.128, p = 0.026; respectively), hypertriglyceridemia (rS 0.156; p = 0.007), and low levels of cHDL (rS -0.160; p = 0.006). ANwas also associated with risk eating behavior, including dieting to lose weight (p = 0.004), losing control over eating (p = 0.023), and body fat percentage above the 90th percentile (χ2 = 35.1; p = 0.0001). No association was observed between ANand serum glucose concentration (rS -0.018; p = 0.759). Logistic regression analysis demonstrated an association of ANwith a low concentration of cHDL (RM: 1.726; p = 0.041) and a high percentage of body fat (> 48%) (RM: 3.591; p = 0.001).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  A high prevalence of ANwas found in overweight and obese children. There was an association between ANand risk factors of cardiovascular disease, including Z-score, BMI, dyslipidemia, and high blood pressure.
authors.affiliation: Escuela Superior de Medicina del Instituto Politécnico Nacional. Instituto de Diagnóstico y Referencia Epidemiológicos (InDRE) "Dr. Manuel Martínez Báez". Secretaría de Salud.. hmartinezr@salud.gob.mx.
authors.forename: Hugo
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Martínez-Rojano
authors.forename: María Luisa
authors.initials: ML
authors.lastname: Pizano-Zárate
authors.forename: Bernarda
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Sánchez-Jiménez
authors.forename: Reyna
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Sámano
authors.forename: Armando
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: López-Portillo
mesh_terms: D000052:Acanthosis Nigricans / Q000150:complications / Q000453:epidemiology*; D015992:Body Mass Index; D002318:Cardiovascular Diseases / Q000453:epidemiology*; D002648:Child; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008055:Lipids / Q000097:blood; D008297:Male; D008800:Mexico / Q000453:epidemiology; D009765:Obesity / Q000150:complications / Q000453:epidemiology*; D015995:Prevalence; D012307:Risk Factors
chemical_list: D008055:Lipids
keywords: Acantosis nigricans.  Dyslipidemia.  Body mass index.  Overweight. Obesity,  Mexico.