title: Correlation between Objective and Subjective Assessment of Nasal Patency.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  This study was performed to evaluate the correlation between the objective and subjective sensation of nasal patency, assessed through a validated questionnaire, the Italian version of the NOSE scale, and the rhinomanometric results in a large cohort of patients complaining about nasal obstruction.
  
  
  METHODS
  Data was obtained from a total of 233 adult patients, (123 males, 110 females, with a mean age of 43.7 years) with a diagnosis of septal deviation and complaining about nasal obstruction. Anterior active rhinomanometry was used for objective assessment, while the I-NOSE scale and a visual analog scale (VAS) were used for subjective evaluation.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Positive correlations between I-NOSE scores and VAS and rhinomanometric results were found. The higher correlation was demonstrated between the HUNR (higher unilateral nasal resistance) parameter of rhinomanometry and the second item of the I-NOSE scale (Nasal blockage or obstruction). No significant correlation was found between the fourth item of the I-NOSE (Trouble sleeping) and the VAS score. The VAS score appeared mildly, but still significantly, correlated with the HUNR parameter of rhinomanometry.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The correlation between the subjective sensation of nasal patency and the rhinomanometric data proved to be significant. No correlation between subjective sensation of trouble sleeping and rhinomanometric assessment was found. In counselling with patients complaining of nasal obstruction trouble in sleeping should not be considered as a symptom related to nasal obstruction.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, L. Sacco University Hospital, Milan, Italy.
authors.forename: Francesco
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Mozzanica
authors.affiliation: Division of Otorhinolaryngology, San Giuseppe Hospital, IRCCS Multimedica, University of Milan, Milan, Italy.
authors.forename: Roberto
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Gera
authors.affiliation: Division of Otorhinolaryngology, San Giuseppe Hospital, IRCCS Multimedica, University of Milan, Milan, Italy.
authors.forename: Chiara
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Bulgheroni
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, University of Milan, Milan, Italy.
authors.forename: Federico
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Ambrogi
authors.affiliation: Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, L. Sacco University Hospital, Milan, Italy.
authors.forename: Antonio
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Schindler
authors.affiliation: Division of Otorhinolaryngology, San Giuseppe Hospital, IRCCS Multimedica, University of Milan, Milan, Italy.
authors.forename: Francesco
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Ottaviani
keywords: Nasal Obstruction; Nose Diseases; Questionnaires; Rhinomanometry