title: Heavy Duty Diesel Exhaust Particles during Engine Motoring Formed by Lube Oil Consumption.
abstract: This study reports high numbers of exhaust emissions particles during engine motoring. Such particles were observed in the exhaust of two heavy duty vehicles with no diesel particle filter (DPF), driven on speed ramp tests and transient cycles. A significant fraction of these particles was nonvolatile in nature. The number-weighted size distribution peak was below 10 nm when a thermodenuder was used to remove semivolatile material, growing up to 40 nm after semivolatile species condensation. These particles were found to contribute to 9-13% of total particle number emitted over a complete driving cycle. Engine motoring particles originated from lube oil and evidence suggests that these are of heavy organic or organometallic material. Particles of similar characteristics have been observed in the core particle mode during normal fired engine operation. Their size and chemical character has implications primarily on the environmental toxicity of non-DPF diesel and, secondarily, on the performance of catalytic devices and DPFs. Lube oil formulation measures can be taken to reduce the emission of such particles.
authors.affiliation: Aerosol Physics Laboratory, Department of Physics, Tampere University of Technology , P.O. Box 692, 33101 Tampere, Finland.
authors.forename: Panu
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Karjalainen
authors.affiliation: Aerosol Physics Laboratory, Department of Physics, Tampere University of Technology , P.O. Box 692, 33101 Tampere, Finland.
authors.forename: Leonidas
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Ntziachristos
authors.affiliation: VTT Technical Research Centre of Finland Ltd., P.O. Box 1000, 02044 VTT, Espoo, Finland.
authors.forename: Timo
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Murtonen
authors.affiliation: Aerosol Physics Laboratory, Department of Physics, Tampere University of Technology , P.O. Box 692, 33101 Tampere, Finland.
authors.forename: Hugo
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Wihersaari
authors.affiliation: Aerosol Physics Laboratory, Department of Physics, Tampere University of Technology , P.O. Box 692, 33101 Tampere, Finland.
authors.forename: Pauli
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Simonen
authors.affiliation: Aerosol Physics Laboratory, Department of Physics, Tampere University of Technology , P.O. Box 692, 33101 Tampere, Finland.
authors.forename: Fanni
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Mylläri
authors.affiliation: VTT Technical Research Centre of Finland Ltd., P.O. Box 1000, 02044 VTT, Espoo, Finland.
authors.forename: Nils-Olof
authors.initials: NO
authors.lastname: Nylund
authors.affiliation: Aerosol Physics Laboratory, Department of Physics, Tampere University of Technology , P.O. Box 692, 33101 Tampere, Finland.
authors.forename: Jorma
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Keskinen
authors.affiliation: Aerosol Physics Laboratory, Department of Physics, Tampere University of Technology , P.O. Box 692, 33101 Tampere, Finland.
authors.forename: Topi
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Rönkkö
mesh_terms: D001334:Automobile Driving; D002384:Catalysis; D010316:Particle Size; D001335:Vehicle Emissions / Q000633:toxicity
chemical_list: D001335:Vehicle Emissions