title: Discordant monoamniotic twins with Pena-Shokeir phenotype.
abstract: Pena-Shokeir phenotype is a rare disorder. However, its etiology is incompletely understood. It may be familial or may be due to anoxic-ischemic etiology. Although rare, it can affect one twin in a monoamniotic pregnancy, most likely due to early cord entanglement.
authors.affiliation: Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology University of Pretoria Pretoria South Africa.
authors.forename: Sumaiya
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Adam
authors.affiliation: Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology University of Pretoria Pretoria South Africa.
authors.forename: Hennie
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Lombaard
authors.affiliation: Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology University of Pretoria Pretoria South Africa.
authors.forename: Careni
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Spencer
keywords: Fetal akinesia deformation sequence; Pena–Shokeir syndrome; fetal cord entanglement; monoamniotic twins