title: The Hen's Egg Test on Chorioallantoic Membrane: An Alternative Assay for the Assessment of the Irritating Effect of Vaccine Adjuvants.
abstract: Local reactions are the most frequent adverse event associated with vaccines. Adjuvants are major constituents of many vaccines and they are frequently involved in these reactions, associated with their irritating effect and the stimulation of local inflammation. The hen's egg test on chorioallantoic membrane (HET-CAM) is an alternative toxicological method widely used to determine ocular irritation potential, but very few studies have demonstrated the utility of this method for assessing the irritant properties of vaccine adjuvants. In this work, known/experimental adjuvants were evaluated by both HET-CAM and an in vivo local toxicity study in mice to compare irritation scores to determine whether there was a correlation (Pearson test). Based on these data (r = 0.9034; P < 0.0001), the HET-CAM assay can be used as an alternate method for the prediction of the local toxicity potential of adjuvant candidates to be used in vaccines.
authors.affiliation: Toxicology and Biomedicine Center (TOXIMED), Medical Science University of Santiago de Cuba, Santiago de Cuba, Cuba batistaduhartea@gmail.com.|São Paulo Estate University (UNESP), Pharmaceutical Sciences Faculty, Araraquara, Brazil.
authors.forename: Alexander
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Batista-Duharte
authors.affiliation: Toxicology and Biomedicine Center (TOXIMED), Medical Science University of Santiago de Cuba, Santiago de Cuba, Cuba.
authors.forename: Gisela
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Jorge Murillo
authors.affiliation: Toxicology and Biomedicine Center (TOXIMED), Medical Science University of Santiago de Cuba, Santiago de Cuba, Cuba.
authors.forename: Ulpiano Marqués
authors.initials: UM
authors.lastname: Pérez
authors.affiliation: Toxicology and Biomedicine Center (TOXIMED), Medical Science University of Santiago de Cuba, Santiago de Cuba, Cuba.
authors.forename: Enieyis Naranjo
authors.initials: EN
authors.lastname: Tur
authors.affiliation: São Paulo Estate University (UNESP), Pharmaceutical Sciences Faculty, Araraquara, Brazil.
authors.forename: Deivys Fuentes
authors.initials: DF
authors.lastname: Portuondo
authors.affiliation: Department of Biology, Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of Oriente, Santiago de Cuba, Cuba.
authors.forename: Bruno Téllez
authors.initials: BT
authors.lastname: Martínez
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Chemical Enginery, University of Oriente, Santiago de Cuba, Cuba.
authors.forename: Damiana
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Téllez-Martínez
authors.affiliation: Toxicology and Biomedicine Center (TOXIMED), Medical Science University of Santiago de Cuba, Santiago de Cuba, Cuba.
authors.forename: Juan E
authors.initials: JE
authors.lastname: Betancourt
authors.affiliation: Department of Immunology, University of Medical Science, Havana, Cuba.
authors.forename: Oliver
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Pérez
mesh_terms: D000276:Adjuvants, Immunologic / Q000633:toxicity*; D000826:Animal Testing Alternatives; D000818:Animals; D001681:Biological Assay; D002645:Chickens; D049033:Chorioallantoic Membrane / Q000187:drug effects*; D005260:Female; D007509:Irritants / Q000633:toxicity*; D008807:Mice, Inbred BALB C; D012867:Skin / Q000187:drug effects; D014612:Vaccines
chemical_list: D000276:Adjuvants, Immunologic; D007509:Irritants; D014612:Vaccines
keywords: HET-CAM; adjuvants; irritation; local reactions