title: Sensitivity to Movement-Evoked Pain and Multi-Site Pain are Associated with Work-Disability Following Whiplash Injury: A Cross-Sectional Study.
abstract: Objectives Previous research has shown that sensitivity to movement-evoked pain is associated with higher scores on self-report measures of disability in individuals who have sustained whiplash injuries. However, it remains unclear whether sensitivity to movement-evoked pain is associated with work-disability. The aim of the present study was to examine the relation between sensitivity to movement-evoked pain and occupational status in individuals receiving treatment for whiplash injury. Methods A sample of 105 individuals with whiplash injuries participated in a testing session where different measures of pain (i.e. spontaneous pain, multi-site pain, sensitivity to movement-evoked pain) were collected during the performance of a simulated occupational lifting task. Results Hierarchical logistic regression analysis revealed that the measures of multisite pain and sensitivity to movement-evoked pain made significant independent contributions to the prediction of work-disability. Discussion The findings suggest that including measures of multisite pain and sensitivity to movement evoked pain in assessment protocols has the potential to increase the value of pain assessments for the prediction of occupational disability associated with whiplash injury. Clinical and theoretical implications of the findings are addressed.
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychology, McGill University, Montreal, Canada.
authors.forename: Tsipora
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Mankovsky-Arnold
authors.affiliation: School of Physical and Occupational Therapy, McGill University, Montreal, Canada.
authors.forename: Timothy H
authors.initials: TH
authors.lastname: Wideman
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychology, McGill University, Montreal, Canada.
authors.forename: Pascal
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Thibault
authors.affiliation: Occupational Health and Safety, Research Institute Robert-Sauvé, Montreal, Canada.
authors.forename: Christian
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Larivière
authors.affiliation: Département de stomatology, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Canada.
authors.forename: Pierre
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Rainville
authors.affiliation: Recover Injury Research Centre, University of Queensland, 288 Herston Road, Level 7, Herston, QLD, 4029, Australia. Michael.Sullivan@uq.edu.au.
authors.forename: Michael J L
authors.initials: MJL
authors.lastname: Sullivan
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D004185:Disability Evaluation; D006233:Persons with Disabilities / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D004651:Employment / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009068:Movement; D010146:Pain / Q000209:etiology*; D010147:Pain Measurement / Q000379:methods*; D057566:Self Report; D012720:Severity of Illness Index; D014911:Whiplash Injuries / Q000150:complications*; D055815:Young Adult
keywords: Disability; Movement-evoked pain; Multi-site pain; Whiplash