title: Effect of exposure to staphylococcus aureus, particulate matter, and their combination on the neurobehavioral function of mice.
abstract: Neurotoxicity in Kunming mice caused by Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) and Particulate matter (PM) as individual matter and mixtures was studied in this paper. Male Kunming mice were instilled intratracheally with PM at doses of 0.2mg/mouse and S. aureus at doses of 5.08×106CFU/mouse as individual matter and mixtures two times at 5-day intervals. Morris water maze (MWM) test was performed during the exposure experiment. One day following the exposure experiment, the expression of neurotrophins, neurotransmitters, cholinergic system enzymes, oxidative damage levels, and pro-inflammatory cytokines (TNF-α, IL-1β) in the brain of mice were determined. Combined treatment of PM and S. aureus led to significant increment of escape latency at day 6, 8, and 10. Oxidative stress levels, and pro-inflammatory cytokines were affected significantly by S. aureus and PM as individual matter and mixtures. Meanwhile, Glu contents were increased significantly in S. aureus group, ChAT levels were decreased significantly in PM group, combined treatment of PM and S. aureus led to significant concentration reduction of AChE. Treatment of S. aureus or PM- S. aureus combination also led to significant concentration reduction of BDNF. Results showed that combined treatment of PM and S. aureus induced damage on physique and motor function, as well as impairment on learning and memory capacity of mice. Oxidative damage, abnormal metabolism of neurotransmitters and cholinergic system enzymes, and the alternation of neurotrophins and pro-inflammatory cytokines expression might be the possible mechanisms for PM - S. aureus -induced neurotoxicity.
authors.affiliation: School of Biological Science, Luoyang Normal University, Luoyang 471022, China. Electronic address: wangfan7677@163.com.
authors.forename: Fan
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: School of Biological Science, Luoyang Normal University, Luoyang 471022, China.
authors.forename: Fei
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.affiliation: School of Energy and Environment Engineering, Zhongyuan University of Technology, Zhengzhou 450007, China.
authors.forename: Haifang
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Liu
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001835:Body Weight / Q000187:drug effects; D001921:Brain / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism*; D016207:Cytokines / Q000378:metabolism; D008297:Male; D018782:Maze Learning / Q000187:drug effects; D008568:Memory / Q000187:drug effects; D051379:Mice; D009414:Nerve Growth Factors / Q000378:metabolism; D020258:Neurotoxicity Syndromes / Q000209:etiology* / Q000382:microbiology; D018377:Neurotransmitter Agents / Q000378:metabolism; D009929:Organ Size / Q000187:drug effects; D018384:Oxidative Stress / Q000187:drug effects; D052638:Particulate Matter / Q000633:toxicity*; D065853:Spatial Learning / Q000187:drug effects; D013211:Staphylococcus aureus / Q000472:pathogenicity*
chemical_list: D016207:Cytokines; D009414:Nerve Growth Factors; D018377:Neurotransmitter Agents; D052638:Particulate Matter
keywords: Learning and memory; Morris water maze; Neurotoxicity; Particulate matter; Staphylococcus aureus