title: Neural responses to affective pictures while anticipating and perceiving respiratory threat.
abstract: Emotional processes have an impact on the anticipation and perception of bodily threat sensations, such as breathlessness. However, little is known about the reverse influence of breathlessness on emotional processes, as well as its modulation by anxiety sensitivity (AS). Here, we investigated by means of visually evoked potentials how the perception versus anticipation of resistive-load-induced breathlessness (RLIB) influences emotional processing. High (HA) and low anxious (LA) participants viewed pictures of positive, neutral, or negative content under conditions of perceived RLIB, anticipated RLIB, or an unloaded baseline. The P2 (230-290 ms) was significantly less positive under perceived RLIB. Furthermore, the early late positive potential (LPP; 300-500 ms) was significantly less positive during both RLIB conditions, as compared to baseline. Overall, the P1 was significantly more positive in HA as compared to LA individuals. Additionally, across conditions, the late LPP (600-1,000 ms) was enhanced for positive and negative pictures as opposed to neutral ones for the LA group. In contrast, for the HA group only, the positive pictures elicited the typical enhanced LPP. Notably, for the HA participants, negative pictures elicited significantly blunted late LPPs during perceived RLIB as compared to anticipated RLIB and baseline. A reversed effect (i.e., more positivity) was observed for LA participants, suggesting motivational priming. Taken together, these results highlight the impact of perceived and anticipated respiratory threat on the neural processing of emotional picture stimuli, as well as its modulation by anxiety sensitivity levels.
authors.affiliation: Department of Systems Neuroscience, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany.|ImpAct Team, French National Institute of Health and Medical Research, INSERM U1028, Lyon, France.
authors.forename: Georgiana
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Juravle
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychology, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany.
authors.forename: Phillipp
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Reicherts
authors.affiliation: Department of Systems Neuroscience, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany.
authors.forename: Mirjam
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Riechmann-Weinstein
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychology, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany.|Institute of Psychology, Erasmus University Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Matthias J
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Wieser
authors.affiliation: Department of Systems Neuroscience, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany.|Research Group Health Psychology, University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.
authors.forename: Andreas
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: von Leupoldt
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000339:Affect / Q000502:physiology*; D059031:Anticipation, Psychological / Q000502:physiology*; D001007:Anxiety / Q000503:physiopathology; D002540:Cerebral Cortex / Q000502:physiology*; D004417:Dyspnea / Q000503:physiopathology* / Q000523:psychology*; D004569:Electroencephalography; D005071:Evoked Potentials; D005239:Fear / Q000502:physiology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D065812:Interoception / Q000502:physiology*; D008297:Male; D011247:Pregnancy; D055815:Young Adult
keywords: Affective processing; Anxiety sensitivity; Breathlessness; Resistive load; Respiratory threat