title: Serum Cytokines Th1, Th2, and Th17 Expression Profiling in Active Lupus Nephritis-IV: From a Southern Chinese Han Population.
abstract: Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is a chronic autoimmune disease characterized by aberrant T cell immune response. Diffuse proliferative lupus nephritis (LN-IV) is the most common, severe, and active form of lupus nephritis. In this study, we investigated the production of Th1, Th2, and Th17 cytokines in prediction of active form of LN-IV. ProcartaPlex multiplex immunoassays panels were used for detection of serum Th1, Th2, and Th17 cytokines profiling. Th1 and Th17 cytokines (IL-18, IFN-γ, IL-12p70, IL-6, and IL-17A) were considerably expressed in the serum of lupus nephritis IV patients in comparison to the healthy control. However, only IL18 and IL6 were higher in class IV versus class III lupus nephritis. Importantly, the ratios of Th1/Th2 (IL-18/IL-4) and Th17/Th2 (IL-17A/IL-4) were significantly elevated in LN-IV when compared with LN-III, LN-V, and healthy controls. Consistently, the serum cytokines IL-18, IL-17A, and IFN-γwere markedly expressed in LN-IV patient glomeruli and interstitial tissue compared to other classes of LN by IHC. ROC further suggests that IL-18 was a potential marker for LN-IV. The data from our study suggests that the early detection and quantification of these cytokines may help in prediction of active form of LN-IV.
authors.affiliation: Department of Nephrology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, China; Department of Nephrology, The First Hospital of Xiamen, Fujian Medical University, Xiamen, China; Arogya Health Home, Arthritis and Rheumatic Diseases Treatment Center, Jawalakhel, Lalitpur, Nepal.
authors.forename: Keshav Raj
authors.identifier: 0000-0002-0832-2579
authors.initials: KR
authors.lastname: Sigdel
authors.affiliation: Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, China.
authors.forename: Lihua
authors.identifier: 0000-0002-1631-4675
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Duan
authors.affiliation: Department of Nephrology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, China; Department of Nephrology, The First Hospital of Xiamen, Fujian Medical University, Xiamen, China.
authors.forename: Yin
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: Department of Nephrology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, China; Department of Nephrology, The First Hospital of Xiamen, Fujian Medical University, Xiamen, China.
authors.forename: Weiping
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Hu
authors.affiliation: Department of Nephrology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, China; Department of Nephrology, The First Hospital of Xiamen, Fujian Medical University, Xiamen, China.
authors.forename: Ning
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: Department of Nephrology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, China; Department of Nephrology, The First Hospital of Xiamen, Fujian Medical University, Xiamen, China.
authors.forename: Qingyi
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Sun
authors.affiliation: Department of Nephrology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, China; Department of Nephrology, The First Hospital of Xiamen, Fujian Medical University, Xiamen, China.
authors.forename: Qingyan
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.affiliation: Department of Nephrology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, China; Department of Nephrology, The First Hospital of Xiamen, Fujian Medical University, Xiamen, China.
authors.forename: Xiaocong
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.affiliation: Department of Nephrology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, China; Department of Nephrology, The First Hospital of Xiamen, Fujian Medical University, Xiamen, China.
authors.forename: Xianghua
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Hou
authors.affiliation: Department of Nephrology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, China; Department of Nephrology, The First Hospital of Xiamen, Fujian Medical University, Xiamen, China.
authors.forename: Ao
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Cheng
authors.affiliation: Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, China.
authors.forename: Guixiu
authors.identifier: 0000-0003-4044-3394
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Shi
authors.affiliation: Department of Nephrology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, China; Department of Nephrology, The First Hospital of Xiamen, Fujian Medical University, Xiamen, China.
authors.forename: Yanlin
authors.identifier: 0000-0002-7857-4173
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Zhang
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D044466:Asian People; D003176:Complement C3 / Q000378:metabolism; D003181:Complement C4 / Q000378:metabolism; D016207:Cytokines / Q000097:blood*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007371:Interferon-gamma / Q000097:blood; D018664:Interleukin-12 / Q000097:blood; D018793:Interleukin-13 / Q000097:blood; D020382:Interleukin-18 / Q000097:blood; D015847:Interleukin-4 / Q000097:blood; D015850:Interleukin-6 / Q000097:blood; D000071068:Lipocalin-2 / Q000097:blood; D008181:Lupus Nephritis / Q000097:blood; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D018417:Th1 Cells / Q000378:metabolism*; D058504:Th17 Cells / Q000378:metabolism*; D018418:Th2 Cells / Q000378:metabolism*; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000097:blood
chemical_list: D003176:Complement C3; D003181:Complement C4; D016207:Cytokines; D018793:Interleukin-13; D020382:Interleukin-18; D015850:Interleukin-6; D000071068:Lipocalin-2; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha; D018664:Interleukin-12; D015847:Interleukin-4; D007371:Interferon-gamma