title: Mycotoxin detoxifiers attenuate deoxynivalenol-induced pro-inflammatory barrier insult in porcine enterocytes as an in vitro evaluation model of feed mycotoxin reduction.
abstract: Deoxynivalenol (DON), the most prevalent mycotoxin worldwide, leads to economic losses for animal food production. Swine is a most sensitive domestic animal to DON due to rapid absorption and low detoxification by gut microbiota. Specifically, DON can severely damage pig intestinal tissue by disrupting the intestinal barrier and inducing inflammatory responses. We evaluated the effects of several mycotoxin detoxifiers including bentonites, yeast cell wall components, and mixture-typed detoxifier composed of mineral, microorganisms, and phytogenic substances on DON-insulted intestinal barrier and pro-inflammatory responses using in vitro porcine enterocyte culture model. DON-induced disruption of the in vitro gut barrier was attenuated by all three mycotoxin detoxifiers in dose-dependent manners. These mycotoxin detoxifiers also suppressed DON-induced pro-inflammatory chemokine expression to different degrees, which was mediated by downregulation of mitogen-activated kinases and early growth response-1. Of note, the mixture-typed detoxifier was the most prominent mitigating agent at the cellular levels whereas the high dose of bentonite clay also had suppressive action against DON-induced pro-inflammatory insult. The in vitro porcine enterocyte-based assessment of intestinal barrier integrity and inflammatory signals provides sensitive and simplified alternative bioassay of feed additives such as detoxifiers against enteropathogenic mycotoxins with comprehensive mechanistic confirmation.
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Mucosal Exposome and Biomodulation, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Pusan National University School of Medicine, Yangsan, South Korea; Research Institute for Basic Sciences and Medical Research Institute, Pusan National University, Busan, South Korea; Immunoregulatory Therapeutics Group, Brain Busan 21 Project, Busan, South Korea.
authors.forename: Seong-Hwan
authors.initials: SH
authors.lastname: Park
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Mucosal Exposome and Biomodulation, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Pusan National University School of Medicine, Yangsan, South Korea; Immunoregulatory Therapeutics Group, Brain Busan 21 Project, Busan, South Korea.
authors.forename: Juil
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.affiliation: National Institute of Animal Science, RDA, Suwon, South Korea.
authors.forename: Dongwook
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Mucosal Exposome and Biomodulation, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Pusan National University School of Medicine, Yangsan, South Korea; Research Institute for Basic Sciences and Medical Research Institute, Pusan National University, Busan, South Korea; Immunoregulatory Therapeutics Group, Brain Busan 21 Project, Busan, South Korea. Electronic address: moon@pnu.edu.
authors.forename: Yuseok
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Moon
mesh_terms: D000821:Animal Feed; D000818:Animals; D001546:Bentonite / Q000494:pharmacology; D002460:Cell Line; D002473:Cell Wall; D018932:Chemokine CCL2 / Q000378:metabolism; D007692:Diatomaceous Earth / Q000494:pharmacology; D020895:Enterocytes / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism; D005506:Food Contamination / Q000517:prevention & control*; D016209:Interleukin-8 / Q000378:metabolism; D013552:Swine; D014255:Trichothecenes / Q000633:toxicity*; D015003:Yeasts
chemical_list: D018932:Chemokine CCL2; D016209:Interleukin-8; D014255:Trichothecenes; D001546:Bentonite; D007692:Diatomaceous Earth; C007262:deoxynivalenol
keywords: Deoxynivalenol; Mycotoxin detoxifiers; Porcine enterocytes