title: [Distribution and content of transforming growth factor-β1 and vascular endothelial growth factor in each layer of concentrated growth factors].
abstract: To investigate the distribution and content of transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1) and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) in concentrated growth factors (CGF) gel, and to clarify the difference among different layers of CGF.
  
  
  
  Venous blood samples were collected from 6 healthy volunteers to prepare CGF. The distribution, integrated optical density (IOD) and average optical density (AOD) of TGF-β1 and VEGF in CGF gel and red blood cell (RBC) layer were measured using immunohistochemistry. The concentrations of TGF-β1 and VEGF in the supernatant serum at baseline and the CGF releasate after 1 day were evaluated with enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays.
  
  
  
  Abundant TGF-β1 and VEGF were concentrated in CGF gel. However, only a little could be found in polykaryocytes and sporadic platelets in RBC layer. Platelets and leukocytes were concentrated in between the two layers with high expression of TGF-β1. The concentrations of TGF-β1 and VEGF in the CGF releasate(55 236.78±3 686.34), (610.99±148.81) ng/L were significantly higher than those in the supernatant serum (20 710.20±4 523.14), (335.20±51.69) ng/L (P<0.001).
  
  
  
  CGF contains high quantities of TGF-β1 that can promote new bone formation and tissue healing. We suggest that CGF gel should be used right after being prepared. Supernatant serum and the area between CGF gel and RBC layer could also be mixed with bone substitute materials.
authors.affiliation: 1. Department of Prosthodontics, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology & National Engineering Laboratory for Digital and Material Technology of Stomatology & Beijing Key Laboratory of Digital Stomatology, Beijing 100081, China; 2. Department of Stomatology, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100853, China.
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.affiliation: Department of Prosthodontics, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology & National Engineering Laboratory for Digital and Material Technology of Stomatology & Beijing Key Laboratory of Digital Stomatology, Beijing 100081, China.
authors.forename: S X
authors.initials: SX
authors.lastname: Pan
authors.affiliation: Department of Prosthodontics, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology & National Engineering Laboratory for Digital and Material Technology of Stomatology & Beijing Key Laboratory of Digital Stomatology, Beijing 100081, China.
authors.forename: H L
authors.initials: HL
authors.lastname: Feng
mesh_terms: D001774:Blood Chemical Analysis; D001792:Blood Platelets / Q000737:chemistry; D001798:Blood Proteins / Q000032:analysis*; D004797:Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay; D015726:Giant Cells / Q000737:chemistry; D006801:Humans; D036341:Intercellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins / Q000032:analysis* / Q000097:blood*; D007962:Leukocytes / Q000737:chemistry; D044967:Serum / Q000737:chemistry*; D053773:Transforming Growth Factor beta1 / Q000032:analysis* / Q000097:blood*; D042461:Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A / Q000032:analysis* / Q000097:blood*
chemical_list: D001798:Blood Proteins; D036341:Intercellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins; D053773:Transforming Growth Factor beta1; D042461:Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A