title: Effects of Low Moisture Anhydrous Ammonia (LMAA) Pretreatment at Controlled Ammoniation Temperatures on Enzymatic Hydrolysis of Corn Stover.
abstract: Corn stover was treated using low-moisture anhydrous ammonia (LMAA) at controlled ammoniation temperature. Moisturized corn stover (50 % moisture) was contacted with anhydrous ammonia (0.1 g NH3/g-biomass) in a batch reactor at various temperatures (ambient to 150 °C). After ammoniation at elevated and controlled temperature, ammoniated corn stover was pretreated at various temperatures (60-150 °C) for 72-144 h. Change in composition was marginal at low pretreatment temperature but was relatively severe with pretreatment at high temperature (130-150 °C). The latter resulted in low enzymatic digestibility. It was also observed that extreme levels (either high or low) of residual ammonia affected enzymatic digestibility, while residual ammonia improved by 1.0-1.5 %. The LMAA method enhanced enzymatic digestibility compared to untreated corn stover (29.8 %). The highest glucan and xylan digestibility (84.1 and 73.6 %, respectively) was obtained under the optimal LMAA conditions (i.e., ammoniation at 70 °C for 20 min, followed by pretreatment at 90 °C for 48 h).
authors.affiliation: Department of Environmental Engineering, Kongju National University, Cheonan, Chungnam, 31080, Republic of Korea.|INAVET Nutrition Technologies Inc., Mo. Ignacia Avenue, Quezon City, Philippines.
authors.forename: Roent Dune A
authors.initials: RD
authors.lastname: Cayetano
authors.affiliation: Department of Environmental Engineering, Kongju National University, Cheonan, Chungnam, 31080, Republic of Korea. thkim@kongju.ac.kr.
authors.forename: Tae Hyun
authors.identifier: http://orcid.org/0000-0002-2225-1199
authors.initials: TH
authors.lastname: Kim
mesh_terms: D000641:Ammonia / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000378:metabolism*; D018533:Biomass; D001709:Biotechnology / Q000379:methods*; D002480:Cellulase / Q000378:metabolism*; D006868:Hydrolysis; D007700:Kinetics; D013696:Temperature; D003313:Zea mays / Q000737:chemistry*
chemical_list: D000641:Ammonia; D002480:Cellulase
keywords: Enzymatic saccharification; Fermentable sugar; Gaseous ammonia; Lignocellulosic biomass; Pretreatment