title: A proteomic atlas of the legume Medicago truncatula and its nitrogen-fixing endosymbiont Sinorhizobium meliloti.
abstract: Legumes are essential components of agricultural systems because they enrich the soil in nitrogen and require little environmentally deleterious fertilizers. A complex symbiotic association between legumes and nitrogen-fixing soil bacteria called rhizobia culminates in the development of root nodules, where rhizobia fix atmospheric nitrogen and transfer it to their plant host. Here we describe a quantitative proteomic atlas of the model legume Medicago truncatula and its rhizobial symbiont Sinorhizobium meliloti, which includes more than 23,000 proteins, 20,000 phosphorylation sites, and 700 lysine acetylation sites. Our analysis provides insight into mechanisms regulating symbiosis. We identify a calmodulin-binding protein as a key regulator in the host and assign putative roles and targets to host factors (bioactive peptides) that control gene expression in the symbiont. Further mining of this proteomic resource may enable engineering of crops and their microbial partners to increase agricultural productivity and sustainability.
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, USA.
authors.forename: Harald
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Marx
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, USA.
authors.forename: Catherine E
authors.initials: CE
authors.lastname: Minogue
authors.affiliation: Department of Agronomy, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, USA.
authors.forename: Dhileepkumar
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Jayaraman
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, USA.
authors.forename: Alicia L
authors.initials: AL
authors.lastname: Richards
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, USA.
authors.forename: Nicholas W
authors.initials: NW
authors.lastname: Kwiecien
authors.affiliation: Department of Computer Sciences, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, USA.
authors.forename: Alireza F
authors.identifier: http://orcid.org/0000-0002-7804-4084
authors.initials: AF
authors.lastname: Siahpirani
authors.affiliation: Department of Agronomy, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, USA.
authors.forename: Shanmugam
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Rajasekar
authors.affiliation: Department of Bacteriology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, USA.
authors.forename: Junko
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Maeda
authors.affiliation: Department of Bacteriology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, USA.
authors.forename: Kevin
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Garcia
authors.affiliation: Department of Bacteriology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, USA.
authors.forename: Angel R
authors.initials: AR
authors.lastname: Del Valle-Echevarria
authors.affiliation: Department of Biochemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, USA.
authors.forename: Jeremy D
authors.initials: JD
authors.lastname: Volkening
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, USA.
authors.forename: Michael S
authors.initials: MS
authors.lastname: Westphall
authors.affiliation: Department of Biostatistics and Medical Informatics, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, USA.|Wisconsin Institute for Discovery, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, USA.
authors.forename: Sushmita
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Roy
authors.affiliation: Department of Biochemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, USA.
authors.forename: Michael R
authors.initials: MR
authors.lastname: Sussman
authors.affiliation: Department of Agronomy, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, USA.|Department of Bacteriology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, USA.
authors.forename: Jean-Michel
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Ané
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, USA.|Department of Biomolecular Chemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, USA.
authors.forename: Joshua J
authors.initials: JJ
authors.lastname: Coon
mesh_terms: D001426:Bacterial Proteins / Q000378:metabolism*; D030562:Databases, Protein; D046913:Medicago truncatula / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000382:microbiology*; D009586:Nitrogen Fixation / Q000502:physiology*; D010940:Plant Proteins / Q000378:metabolism*; D020543:Proteome / Q000378:metabolism; D040901:Proteomics; D016962:Sinorhizobium meliloti / Q000502:physiology*; D013559:Symbiosis / Q000502:physiology*
chemical_list: D001426:Bacterial Proteins; D010940:Plant Proteins; D020543:Proteome