title: Detection of an Unknown Trypanosoma DNA in a Phlebotomus stantoni (Diptera: Psychodidae) Collected From Southern Thailand and Records of New Sand Flies With Reinstatement of Sergentomyia hivernus Raynal & Gaschen, 1935 (Diptera: Psychodidae).
abstract: Although female sand flies are best known as the vectors of Leishmania parasites and viruses, several previous reports have demonstrated that these insects can also act as vectors for the trypanosomes of bats, lizards, and snakes. In this report, we created an inventory of Phlebotomine sand flies from southern Thailand. A novel trypanosome was found in a specimen of Phlebotomus stantoni, and two sand fly species newly recorded in the country, Sergentomyia khawi and Sergentomyia hivernus, were described. PCR primer pairs specific for the internal transcribed spacer 1 (ITS1) and the small subunit ribosomal DNA (SSU rDNA) gene of trypanosomatids were used to demonstrate the presence of the parasite in the sand fly. In addition, the Cytochrome b (CytB) gene was used to identify the sand fly species. Among the 45 samples of the sand fly that were collected, seven samples were Ph. stantoni sand flies and a single sample was positive for Trypanosoma sp. through PCR analysis. This study represents the first detection of Trypanosoma sp. in a sand fly from Thailand. The ITS1 and SSU rDNA sequences indicated that this specimen is suspected to be a novel Trypanosoma species. Further studies of this suspected new Trypanosoma species, including its vertebrate hosts and pathogenic potential, are therefore necessary.
authors.affiliation: Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand (amphumee@gmail.com; padet.s@chula.ac.th).
authors.forename: Atchara
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Phumee
authors.affiliation: National Institute of Health, Department of Medical Sciences, Ministry of Public Health, Nonthaburi, Thailand (atawatsin@gmail.com; usavadee99@gmail.com).
authors.forename: Apiwat
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Tawatsin
authors.affiliation: National Institute of Health, Department of Medical Sciences, Ministry of Public Health, Nonthaburi, Thailand (atawatsin@gmail.com; usavadee99@gmail.com).
authors.forename: Usavadee
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: Thavara
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Medical Technology, Prince of Songkla University, Songkhla, Thailand (theerakamol.p@psu.ac.th).
authors.forename: Theerakamol
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Pengsakul
authors.affiliation: The Office of Disease Prevention and Control 12, Songkhla, Thailand (sthammapalo@yahoo.com).
authors.forename: Suwich
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Thammapalo
authors.affiliation: Université de Reims Champagne Ardenne, ANSES, SFR Cap santé, EA 4688 - USC "transmission vectorielle et épidemiosurveillance de maladies parasitaires (VECPAR)", Reims, France (jerome.depaquit@univ-reims.fr).
authors.forename: Jérôme
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Depaquit
authors.affiliation: Université Pierre et Marie Curie-Paris 6, CHU Pitié-Salpêtrière, AP-HP, Groupe Hospitalier Pitié-Salpêtrière, Service Parasitologie-Mycologie, Paris, France (fredogay@yahoo.fr).
authors.forename: Frédérick
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Gay
authors.affiliation: Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand (amphumee@gmail.com; padet.s@chula.ac.th ).|Excellence Center for Emerging Infectious Diseases, King Chulalongkorn Memorial Hospital, Thai Red Cross Society, Bangkok, Thailand.
authors.forename: Padet
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Siriyasatien
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D016054:DNA, Protozoan / Q000235:genetics*; D005260:Female; D007303:Insect Vectors / Q000145:classification* / Q000235:genetics / Q000469:parasitology*; D008297:Male; D010691:Phlebotomus / Q000145:classification* / Q000235:genetics / Q000469:parasitology*; D013785:Thailand; D014345:Trypanosoma / Q000235:genetics / Q000302:isolation & purification*
chemical_list: D016054:DNA, Protozoan
keywords: ITS1; PCR; SSU rDNA; Trypanosoma sp.; sand fly