title: A Perspective on Stem Cells as Biological Systems that Produce Differentiated Osteoblasts and Odontoblasts.
abstract: Stem cells (SCs) are capable of self-renewal and multilineage differentiation. Human mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) and haematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) which can be obtained from multiple sources, are suitable for application in regenerative medicine and transplant therapy. The aim of this review is to evaluate the potential of genomic and proteomic profiling analysis to identify the differentiation of MSCs and HSCs towards osteoblast and odontoblast lineages. In vitro differentiation towards both of these lineages can be induced using similar differentiation factors. Gene profiling cannot be utilised to confirm the lineages of these two types of differentiated cells. Differentiated cells of both lineages express most of the same markers. Most researchers have detected the expression of genes such as ALP, OCN, OPN, BMP2 and RUNX2 in osteoblasts and the expression of the DSPP gene in odontoblasts. Based on their cell-type specific protein profiles, various proteins are differentially expressed by osteoblasts and odontoblasts, except for vimentin and heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoprotein C, which are expressed in both cell types, and LOXL2 protein, which is expressed only in odontoblasts.
authors: School of Biosciences and Biotechnology, Faculty of Science and Technology, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 43600 Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia.
authors: Shahrul Hisham Zainal
authors: SH
authors: Ariffin
authors: School of Biosciences and Biotechnology, Faculty of Science and Technology, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 43600 Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia.
authors: Thanaletchumi
authors: T
authors: Manogaran
authors: School of Biosciences and Biotechnology, Faculty of Science and Technology, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 43600 Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia.
authors: Intan Zarina Zainol
authors: IZ
authors: Abidin
authors: Department of Orthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Jalan Raja Muda Abdul Aziz, 50300 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
authors: Rohaya Megat Abdul
authors: RM
authors: Wahab
authors: School of Biosciences and Biotechnology, Faculty of Science and Technology, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 43600 Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia.
authors: Sahidan
authors: S
authors: Senafi
mesh_terms: D000594:Amino Acid Oxidoreductases / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000378:metabolism; D055396:Bone Morphogenetic Protein 2 / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D002454:Cell Differentiation / Q000235:genetics; D019070:Cell Lineage / Q000235:genetics; D050659:Core Binding Factor Alpha 1 Subunit / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D016326:Extracellular Matrix Proteins / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism; D020869:Gene Expression Profiling; D006801:Humans; D045164:Mesenchymal Stem Cell Transplantation; D059630:Mesenchymal Stem Cells / Q000166:cytology / Q000378:metabolism*; D009804:Odontoblasts / Q000166:cytology / Q000378:metabolism*; D010006:Osteoblasts / Q000166:cytology / Q000378:metabolism*; D010012:Osteogenesis / Q000235:genetics*; D010750:Phosphoproteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D040901:Proteomics; D012795:Sialoglycoproteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D000099311:Dentin Sialophosphoprotein
chemical_list: D000594:Amino Acid Oxidoreductases; D015415:Biomarkers; D055396:Bone Morphogenetic Protein 2; D050659:Core Binding Factor Alpha 1 Subunit; D016326:Extracellular Matrix Proteins; D010750:Phosphoproteins; D012795:Sialoglycoproteins; D000099311:Dentin Sialophosphoprotein; C525718:BMP2 protein, human; C493709:RUNX2 protein, human; C119091:LOXL2 protein, human
keywords: Stem cells; differentiation; genomic; odontoblasts; osteoblasts; proteomics.