title: Effect of liraglutide, a glucagon-like peptide-1 analogue, on left ventricular function in stable chronic heart failure patients with and without diabetes (LIVE)-a multicentre, double-blind, randomised, placebo-controlled trial.
abstract: To determine the effect of the glucagon-like peptide-1 analogue liraglutide on left ventricular function in chronic heart failure patients with and without type 2 diabetes.
  
  
  
  LIVE was an investigator-initiated, randomised, double-blinded, placebo-controlled multicentre trial. Patients (n = 241) with reduced left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF ≤45%) were recruited (February 2012 to August 2015). Patients were clinically stable and on optimal heart failure treatment. Intervention was liraglutide 1.8 mg once daily or matching placebo for 24 weeks. The LVEF was similar at baseline in the liraglutide and the placebo group (33.7 ± 7.6% vs. 35.4 ± 9.4%). Change in LVEF did not differ between the liraglutide and the placebo group; mean difference (95% confidence interval) was -0.8% (-2.1, 0.5; P = 0.24). Heart rate increased with liraglutide [mean difference: 7 b.p.m. (5, 9), P < 0.0001]. Serious cardiac events were seen in 12 (10%) patients treated with liraglutide compared with 3 (3%) patients in the placebo group (P = 0.04).
  
  
  
  Liraglutide did not affect left ventricular systolic function compared with placebo in stable chronic heart failure patients with and without diabetes. Treatment with liraglutide was associated with an increase in heart rate and more serious cardiac adverse events, and this raises some concern with respect to the use of liraglutide in patients with chronic heart failure and reduced left ventricular function. More data on the safety of liraglutide in different subgroups of heart failure patients are needed.
authors: Department of Cardiology, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark.|Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark.
authors: Anders
authors: A
authors: Jorsal
authors: Department of Endocrinology and Internal Medicine, Herlev University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark.|Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.
authors: Caroline
authors: C
authors: Kistorp
authors: Department of Endocrinology and Internal Medicine, Herlev University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark.
authors: Pernille
authors: P
authors: Holmager
authors: Department of Cardiology, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark.|Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark.
authors: Rasmus Stilling
authors: RS
authors: Tougaard
authors: Department of Cardiology, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark.|Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark.
authors: Roni
authors: R
authors: Nielsen
authors: Department of Cardiology, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark.
authors: Anja
authors: A
authors: Hänselmann
authors: Department of Cardiology, Hvidovre University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark.
authors: Brian
authors: B
authors: Nilsson
authors: Department of Cardiology, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark.
authors: Jacob Eifer
authors: JE
authors: Møller
authors: Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark.
authors: Jakob
authors: J
authors: Hjort
authors: Department of Endocrinology and Internal Medicine, Herlev University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark.|Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.
authors: Jon
authors: J
authors: Rasmussen
authors: Steno Diabetes Center, Gentofte, Denmark.
authors: Trine Welløv
authors: TW
authors: Boesgaard
authors: Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.|Department of Cardiology, Herlev and Gentofte University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark.
authors: Morten
authors: M
authors: Schou
authors: Department of Cardiology, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark.
authors: Lars
authors: L
authors: Videbaek
authors: Department of Cardiology, Hvidovre University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark.
authors: Ida
authors: I
authors: Gustafsson
authors: Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark.|Faculty of Health, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark.|Department of Endocrinology and Internal Medicine, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark.
authors: Allan
authors: A
authors: Flyvbjerg
authors: Department of Cardiology, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark.|Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark.
authors: Henrik
authors: H
authors: Wiggers
authors: Steno Diabetes Center, Gentofte, Denmark.|Faculty of Health, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark.|Nordsjaellands University Hospital, Hillerød, Denmark.
authors: Lise
authors: L
authors: Tarnow
mesh_terms: D054058:Acute Coronary Syndrome / Q000453:epidemiology; D000368:Aged; D001281:Atrial Fibrillation / Q000453:epidemiology; D002908:Chronic Disease; D003924:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / Q000150:complications / Q000188:drug therapy*; D018450:Disease Progression; D004311:Double-Blind Method; D004452:Echocardiography; D005260:Female; D006333:Heart Failure / Q000150:complications / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000503:physiopathology; D006339:Heart Rate; D006801:Humans; D054795:Incretins / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D000069450:Liraglutide / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D020097:Natriuretic Peptide, Brain / Q000097:blood; D010446:Peptide Fragments / Q000097:blood; D013318:Stroke Volume; D017180:Tachycardia, Ventricular / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000401:mortality; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D016277:Ventricular Function, Left; D000070857:Walk Test
chemical_list: D054795:Incretins; D010446:Peptide Fragments; C109794:pro-brain natriuretic peptide (1-76); D020097:Natriuretic Peptide, Brain; D000069450:Liraglutide
keywords: Glucagon-like peptide-1; Heart failure; Heart rate; Left ventricular function; Liraglutide; Type 2 diabetes