title: Comprehensive detection and identification of bacterial DNA in the blood of patients with sepsis and healthy volunteers using next-generation sequencing method - the observation of DNAemia.
abstract: Blood is considered to be a sterile microenvironment, in which bacteria appear only periodically. Previously used methods allowed only for the detection of either viable bacteria with low sensitivity or selected species of bacteria. The Next-Generation Sequencing method (NGS) enables the identification of all bacteria in the sample with their taxonomic classification. We used NGS for the analysis of blood samples from healthy volunteers (n = 23) and patients with sepsis (n = 62) to check whether any bacterial DNA exists in the blood of healthy people and to identify bacterial taxonomic profile in the blood of septic patients. The presence of bacterial DNA was found both in septic and healthy subjects; however, bacterial diversity was significantly different (P = 0.002) between the studied groups. Among healthy volunteers, a significant predominance of anaerobic bacteria (76.2 %), of which most were bacteria of the order Bifidobacteriales (73.0 %), was observed. In sepsis, the majority of detected taxa belonged to aerobic or microaerophilic microorganisms (75.1 %). The most striking difference was seen in the case of Actinobacteria phyla, the abundance of which was decreased in sepsis (P < 0.001) and Proteobacteria phyla which was decreased in the healthy volunteers (P < 0.001). Our research shows that bacterial DNA can be detected in the blood of healthy people and that its taxonomic composition is different from the one seen in septic patients. Detection of bacterial DNA in the blood of healthy people may suggest that bacteria continuously translocate into the blood, but not always cause sepsis; this observation can be called DNAemia.
authors: Department of Microbiology, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Krakow, Poland.
authors: T
authors: T
authors: Gosiewski
authors: Center for Medical Genomics OMICRON, Jagiellonian University Medical College, 7C Kopernika Str., 31-034, Krakow, Poland.
authors: A H
authors: AH
authors: Ludwig-Galezowska
authors: Genomic Laboratory, DNA Research Center, Poznan, Poland.|Laboratory of High Throughput Technologies, Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Faculty of Biology, Adam Mickiewicz University, Poznan, Poland.
authors: K
authors: K
authors: Huminska
authors: Department of Microbiology, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Krakow, Poland.
authors: A
authors: A
authors: Sroka-Oleksiak
authors: Center for Medical Genomics OMICRON, Jagiellonian University Medical College, 7C Kopernika Str., 31-034, Krakow, Poland.
authors: P
authors: P
authors: Radkowski
authors: Department of Microbiology, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Krakow, Poland.
authors: D
authors: D
authors: Salamon
authors: Genomic Laboratory, DNA Research Center, Poznan, Poland.
authors: J
authors: J
authors: Wojciechowicz
authors: Genomic Laboratory, DNA Research Center, Poznan, Poland.
authors: M
authors: M
authors: Kus-Slowinska
authors: Department of Microbiology, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Krakow, Poland.
authors: M
authors: M
authors: Bulanda
authors: Center for Medical Genomics OMICRON, Jagiellonian University Medical College, 7C Kopernika Str., 31-034, Krakow, Poland. pawel.wolkow@uj.edu.pl.
authors: P P
authors: http://orcid.org/0000-0002-9322-5545
authors: PP
authors: Wolkow
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D001419:Bacteria / Q000145:classification / Q000235:genetics; D001431:Bacteriological Techniques / Q000379:methods*; D044822:Biodiversity; D001774:Blood Chemical Analysis; D004269:DNA, Bacterial / Q000097:blood*; D005260:Female; D064368:Healthy Volunteers; D059014:High-Throughput Nucleotide Sequencing / Q000379:methods*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D018805:Sepsis
chemical_list: D004269:DNA, Bacterial