title: Fullerene nanoparticle in dermatological and cosmetic applications.
abstract: Nanoparticles are equipped with exceptional properties which make them well suitable for diverse and novel applications. Fullerene is one of the nanomaterials that has valuable applications in the field of biomedicine. It possesses exceptional antioxidant capacity which has made it a promising core ingredient in many dermatological and skin care products. However, fullerene has the potentials to display a range of activities resulting in cell death or dysfunction. This review outlines the achievements made so far by reporting studies that have focused on incorporating fullerene in skin care products and cosmetics and assessed their beneficial effects. We have also documented reports that have assessed toxicity of this novel carbon allotrope toward skin cells and discussed its possible dermal reactions. Aside from pointing out the recent developments, areas that can benefit from further researches are identified.
authors: Department of Dermatology, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA.
authors: S Zeinab
authors: SZ
authors: Mousavi
authors: Department of Dermatology, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA; Department of Chemistry, IAUCTB, Tehran, Iran. Electronic address: DrShnafisi@gmail.com.
authors: Shohreh
authors: S
authors: Nafisi
authors: Department of Dermatology, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA. Electronic address: Howard.maibach@UCSF.edu.
authors: Howard I
authors: HI
authors: Maibach
mesh_terms: D000152:Acne Vulgaris / Q000188:drug therapy; D000818:Animals; D000893:Anti-Inflammatory Agents / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D000975:Antioxidants / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D003358:Cosmetics / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D037741:Fullerenes / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D006197:Hair / Q000187:drug effects / Q000254:growth & development; D006801:Humans; D049329:Nanostructures / Q000737:chemistry / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D012867:Skin / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000528:radiation effects; D023422:Skin Irritancy Tests; D013473:Sunscreening Agents / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use*
chemical_list: D000893:Anti-Inflammatory Agents; D000975:Antioxidants; D003358:Cosmetics; D037741:Fullerenes; D013473:Sunscreening Agents
keywords: Acne; Fullerene; Melanogenesis; Oxidative stress; Toxicity; Ultraviolet rays