title: Optimization of a Coastal Environmental Monitoring Network Based on the Kriging Method: A Case Study of Quanzhou Bay, China.
abstract: Environmental monitoring is fundamental in assessing environmental quality and to fulfill protection and management measures with permit conditions. However, coastal environmental monitoring work faces many problems and challenges, including the fact that monitoring information cannot be linked up with evaluation, monitoring data cannot well reflect the current coastal environmental condition, and monitoring activities are limited by cost constraints. For these reasons, protection and management measures cannot be developed and implemented well by policy makers who intend to solve this issue. In this paper, Quanzhou Bay in southeastern China was selected as a case study; and the Kriging method and a geographic information system were employed to evaluate and optimize the existing monitoring network in a semienclosed bay. This study used coastal environmental monitoring data from 15 sites (including COD, DIN, and PO4-P) to adequately analyze the water quality from 2009 to 2012 by applying the Trophic State Index. The monitoring network in Quanzhou Bay was evaluated and optimized, with the number of sites increased from 15 to 24, and the monitoring precision improved by 32.9%. The results demonstrated that the proposed advanced monitoring network optimization was appropriate for environmental monitoring in Quanzhou Bay. It might provide technical support for coastal management and pollutant reduction in similar areas.
authors: Coastal and Ocean Management Institute, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China.
authors: Kai
authors: K
authors: Chen
authors: Coastal and Ocean Management Institute, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China.
authors: Minjie
authors: M
authors: Ni
authors: Coastal and Ocean Management Institute, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China; Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory for Coastal Ecology and Environmental Studies, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China; State Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China; College of Ocean and Earth Science, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China.
authors: Minggang
authors: 0000-0003-2828-0529
authors: M
authors: Cai
authors: College of Ocean and Earth Science, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China.
authors: Jun
authors: J
authors: Wang
authors: Monitoring Center of Marine Environment and Fishery Resource, Fujian Province, Fuzhou 350003, China.
authors: Dongren
authors: D
authors: Huang
authors: Monitoring Center of Marine Environment and Fishery Resource, Fujian Province, Fuzhou 350003, China.
authors: Huorong
authors: H
authors: Chen
authors: Coastal and Ocean Management Institute, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China.
authors: Xiao
authors: X
authors: Wang
authors: College of Ocean and Earth Science, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China.
authors: Mengyang
authors: M
authors: Liu
mesh_terms: D000465:Algorithms; D061006:Bays; D057919:Biological Oxygen Demand Analysis; D002681:China; D017753:Ecosystem; D004784:Environmental Monitoring / Q000379:methods*; D005843:Geography; D007287:Inorganic Chemicals / Q000032:analysis; D009584:Nitrogen / Q000032:analysis; D010710:Phosphates / Q000032:analysis; D012015:Reference Standards; D012623:Seawater / Q000737:chemistry
chemical_list: D007287:Inorganic Chemicals; D010710:Phosphates; D009584:Nitrogen