title: Providing choice and/or variety during a meal: Impact on vegetable liking and intake.
abstract: Out-of-home catering services frequently offer consumers the opportunity to choose their foods from among different proposals and/or provide consumers with a variety of food. The aim of the present study was to assess the impact of choice and/or variety on food liking and food intake. Fifty-nine normal-weight adults were recruited under the condition that they equally liked three vegetable recipes (green beans with butter, zucchinis with olive oil, spinach with cream). Volunteers participated in four sessions at lunch time. In the no-choice/no-variety condition, volunteers were served one dish randomly selected from among the three. In the no-choice/variety condition, volunteers were served all three dishes. In the choice/no-variety condition, participants chose one dish from among the three dishes. In the choice/variety condition, volunteers chose as many dishes as they desired from among the three dishes. Results showed that providing choice increased vegetable liking and vegetable intake, while offering a variety of vegetables only increased their liking. No synergy effect between choice and variety was observed on vegetable liking and vegetable intake (i.e. the effect in the choice/variety condition was not significantly higher than the effects in no-choice/variety and the choice/no-variety conditions).
authors: Centre des Sciences du Goût et de l'Alimentation, CNRS, INRA, Univ. Bourgogne Franche-Comté, F-21000 Dijon, France; UMR Physiologie de la Nutrition et du Comportement Alimentaire, AgroParisTech, INRA, Université Paris-Saclay, F-75005 Paris, France.
authors: Odile
authors: O
authors: Parizel
authors: Centre des Sciences du Goût et de l'Alimentation, CNRS, INRA, Univ. Bourgogne Franche-Comté, F-21000 Dijon, France; AgroSup Dijon, F-21000 Dijon, France.
authors: Hélène
authors: H
authors: Labouré
authors: UMR Physiologie de la Nutrition et du Comportement Alimentaire, AgroParisTech, INRA, Université Paris-Saclay, F-75005 Paris, France.
authors: Agnès
authors: A
authors: Marsset-Baglieri
authors: UMR Physiologie de la Nutrition et du Comportement Alimentaire, AgroParisTech, INRA, Université Paris-Saclay, F-75005 Paris, France.
authors: Gilles
authors: G
authors: Fromentin
authors: Centre des Sciences du Goût et de l'Alimentation, CNRS, INRA, Univ. Bourgogne Franche-Comté, F-21000 Dijon, France. Electronic address: claire.sulmont-rosse@inra.fr.
authors: Claire
authors: C
authors: Sulmont-Rossé
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D015992:Body Mass Index; D001835:Body Weight; D002755:Choice Behavior; D004032:Diet / Q000523:psychology; D004435:Eating / Q000523:psychology; D005260:Female; D005518:Food Preferences / Q000523:psychology*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D062407:Meals / Q000523:psychology*; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D014675:Vegetables; D055815:Young Adult
keywords: Eating behavior; Food choice; Food intake; Food liking; Food variety; Plate clearers