title: Registered Replication Report: Strack, Martin, & Stepper (1988).
abstract: According to the facial feedback hypothesis, people's affective responses can be influenced by their own facial expression (e.g., smiling, pouting), even when their expression did not result from their emotional experiences. For example, Strack, Martin, and Stepper (1988) instructed participants to rate the funniness of cartoons using a pen that they held in their mouth. In line with the facial feedback hypothesis, when participants held the pen with their teeth (inducing a "smile"), they rated the cartoons as funnier than when they held the pen with their lips (inducing a "pout"). This seminal study of the facial feedback hypothesis has not been replicated directly. This Registered Replication Report describes the results of 17 independent direct replications of Study 1 from Strack et al. (1988), all of which followed the same vetted protocol. A meta-analysis of these studies examined the difference in funniness ratings between the "smile" and "pout" conditions. The original Strack et al. (1988) study reported a rating difference of 0.82 units on a 10-point Likert scale. Our meta-analysis revealed a rating difference of 0.03 units with a 95% confidence interval ranging from -0.11 to 0.16.
authors: Universidad de Granada
authors: Alberto
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authors: Acosta
authors: The Pennsylvania State University
authors: Reginald B
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authors: Adams
authors: The Pennsylvania State University
authors: Daniel N
authors: DN
authors: Albohn
authors: Cleveland State University
authors: Eric S
authors: ES
authors: Allard
authors: Department of Psychological Methods, University of Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
authors: Titia
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authors: Beek
authors: University of Nevada, Las Vegas
authors: Stephen D
authors: SD
authors: Benning
authors: Carleton University
authors: Eve-Marie
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authors: Department of Psychological Methods, University of Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
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authors: Department of Psychological Methods, University of Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
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authors: Université Libre de Bruxelles
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authors: George Fox University
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authors: International School for Advanced Studies (SISSA)
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authors: Lewinski
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authors: Lund
authors: Universidad de Granada
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authors: Lupiáñez
authors: Lancaster University
authors: Dermot
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authors: Lynott
authors: University of Nevada, Las Vegas
authors: Christin N
authors: CN
authors: Nance
authors: University of Amsterdam
authors: Suzanne
authors: S
authors: Oosterwijk
authors: Üsküdar University
authors: Asil Ali
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authors: Özdog˘ru
authors: Universidad de Granada
authors: Antonia Pilar
authors: AP
authors: Pacheco-Unguetti
authors: Lancaster University
authors: Bethany
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authors: Pearson
authors: Lancaster University
authors: Christina
authors: C
authors: Powis
authors: Lancaster University
authors: Sarah
authors: S
authors: Riding
authors: Colorado College
authors: Tomi-Ann
authors: TA
authors: Roberts
authors: International School for Advanced Studies (SISSA)
authors: Raffaella I
authors: RI
authors: Rumiati
authors: Université Libre de Bruxelles
authors: Morgane
authors: M
authors: Senden
authors: Colorado College
authors: Noah B
authors: NB
authors: Shea-Shumsky
authors: Carleton University
authors: Karin
authors: K
authors: Sobocko
authors: The Pennsylvania State University
authors: Jose A
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authors: Soto
authors: The Pennsylvania State University
authors: Troy G
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authors: Steiner
authors: Lafayette College
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authors: Talarico
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authors: vanAllen
authors: Department of Psychological Methods, University of Amsterdam, The Netherlands EJ.Wagenmakers@gmail.com.
authors: E-J
authors: EJ
authors: Wagenmakers
authors: Vrije Universiteit Brussel
authors: Marie
authors: M
authors: Vandekerckhove
authors: Lancaster University
authors: Bethany
authors: B
authors: Wainwright
authors: Walsh University
authors: Joseph F
authors: JF
authors: Wayand
authors: Erasmus University
authors: Rene
authors: R
authors: Zeelenberg
authors: Cleveland State University
authors: Emily E
authors: EE
authors: Zetzer
authors: Erasmus University
authors: Rolf A
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authors: Zwaan
mesh_terms: D000339:Affect; D005149:Facial Expression; D030141:Feedback, Psychological; D006801:Humans; D008960:Models, Psychological; D009055:Mouth
keywords: facial feedback hypothesis; many-labs; preregistration; replication