title: Effect of Sodium Sulfate, Ammonium Chloride, Ammonium Nitrate, and Salt Mixtures on Aqueous Phase Partitioning of Organic Compounds.
abstract: Dissolved inorganic salts influence the partitioning of organic compounds into the aqueous phase. This influence is especially significant in atmospheric aerosol, which usually contains large amounts of ions, including sodium, ammonium, chloride, sulfate, and nitrate. However, empirical data on this salt effect are very sparse. Here, the partitioning of numerous organic compounds into solutions of Na2SO4, NH4Cl, and NH4NO3was measured and compared with existing data for NaCl and (NH4)2SO4. Salt mixtures were also tested to establish whether the salt effect is additive. In general, the salt effect showed a decreasing trend of Na2SO4> (NH)2SO4> NaCl > NH4Cl > NH4NO3for the studied organic compounds, implying the following relative strength of the salt effect of individual anions: SO42-> Cl-> NO3-and of cations: Na+> NH4+. The salt effect of different salts is moderately correlated. Predictive models for the salt effect were developed based on the experimental data. The experimental data indicate that the salt effect of mixtures may not be entirely additive. However, the deviation from additivity, if it exists, is small. Data of very high quality are required to establish whether the effect of constituent ions or salts is additive or not.
authors: Department of Chemistry and Department of Physical and Environmental Sciences, University of Toronto Scarborough , 1265 Military Trail, Toronto, Ontario M1C 1A4, Canada.
authors: Chen
authors: C
authors: Wang
authors: Department of Chemistry and Department of Physical and Environmental Sciences, University of Toronto Scarborough , 1265 Military Trail, Toronto, Ontario M1C 1A4, Canada.|Department of Chemical Engineering and Applied Chemistry, University of Toronto Scarborough , 1265 Military Trail, Toronto, Ontario M1C 1A4, Canada.
authors: Ying Duan
authors: YD
authors: Lei
authors: Department of Chemistry and Department of Physical and Environmental Sciences, University of Toronto Scarborough , 1265 Military Trail, Toronto, Ontario M1C 1A4, Canada.
authors: Frank
authors: F
authors: Wania
mesh_terms: D000336:Aerosols; D000643:Ammonium Chloride; D000645:Ammonium Sulfate; D009930:Organic Chemicals; D012965:Sodium Chloride; D014867:Water
chemical_list: D000336:Aerosols; D009930:Organic Chemicals; D000643:Ammonium Chloride; D014867:Water; D012965:Sodium Chloride; D000645:Ammonium Sulfate