title: Exploring the social lives of image and performance enhancing drugs: An online ethnography of the Zyzz fandom of recreational bodybuilders.
abstract: As a result of the mainstreaming of bodybuilding, the majority of image and performance enhancing drug (IPED) users are now not athletes or competitive bodybuilders, but recreational bodybuilders. Previous approaches provide little insight into how the shift from competitive to recreational contexts impacts the use of IPEDs.
  
  
  
  In this study an online ethnographic approach is used to explore the social lives of IPEDs in a recreational context. The study focusses on the Zyzz fandom, an international online community of thousands of recreational bodybuilders who idolise the alleged IPED user Zyzz.
  
  
  
  Zyzz fans see IPED prohibition as failing, as causing harm to users, and as sexist. Their IPED use is informed by not only instrumental benefits, but social benefits such as altering gendered power relations. IPEDs have been normalised in this community, and new patterns of use are emerging.
  
  
  
  IPEDS have moved through different hands, contexts and uses, and in so doing the values, norms and meanings attached to IPEDs have changed. The results suggest that intervention efforts may be best directed towards harm minimisation, and in particular towards bridging the divides between the medical and bodybuilding communities.
authors: School of Social Science, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia. Electronic address: m.underwood@uq.edu.au.
authors: Mair
authors: M
authors: Underwood
mesh_terms: D045930:Anabolic Agents; D000884:Anthropology, Cultural; D001828:Body Image; D055030:Drug Users / Q000523:psychology*; D015444:Exercise / Q000523:psychology*; D007722:Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice; D006801:Humans; D058573:Performance-Enhancing Substances; D011998:Recreation
chemical_list: D045930:Anabolic Agents; D058573:Performance-Enhancing Substances
keywords: Anabolic-androgenic steroids; Ethnography; Image and performance enhancing drugs; Online research; Recreational bodybuilders