title: Distribution of sulfonamides in liquid and solid anaerobic digestates: effects of hydraulic retention time and swine manure to rice straw ratio.
abstract: The effects of hydraulic retention time (20 and 15 days) and swine manure to rice straw ratios on distribution of sulfonamides (SAs) in liquid and solid anaerobic digestates were studied using bench-scale completely stirred tank reactors at (37 ± 1) °C. Results showed that anaerobic digestion (AD) treatment exhibited a good removal effect on sulfadiazine (SDZ), sulfadimidine (SM2) and sulfachloropyridazine (SCP), especially at HRT = 20 days and co-digestion with swine manure and rice straw. The removal rates of SDZ and SM2 were more than 90%, but only 72.8% for SCP. The residual SAs were mainly remained in solid digestates, with residual rates ranging from 28.8% to 71.3%, 40.6% to 88.0, and 82.7% to 97.0% for SDZ, SM2 and SCP, respectively. Due to lower pKa and higher log Kowof SCP, its residue in solid digestates was far more than SDZ and SM2. Higher HRT and co-digestion could improve the degradation of SAs, which can also be put down to the occurrence of cometabolism of SAs and COD.
authors: Institute of Agricultural Resources and Environment, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing, 210014, China. hmjin@jaas.ac.cn.|Jiangsu Agricultural Waste Treatment and Recycle Engineering Research Center, Nanjing, 210014, China. hmjin@jaas.ac.cn.|East China Scientific Observing and Experimental Station of Development and Utilization of Rural Renewable Energy, Ministry of Agriculture, Nanjing, 210014, China. hmjin@jaas.ac.cn.|Key Laboratory of Agro-Environment in Downstream of Yangtze Plain, Ministry of Agriculture, Nanjing, 210014, China. hmjin@jaas.ac.cn.
authors: Hongmei
authors: H
authors: Jin
authors: Institute of Agricultural Resources and Environment, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing, 210014, China.|Jiangsu Agricultural Waste Treatment and Recycle Engineering Research Center, Nanjing, 210014, China.|College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China.
authors: Caiyun
authors: C
authors: Xu
authors: Institute of Agricultural Resources and Environment, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing, 210014, China.|Jiangsu Agricultural Waste Treatment and Recycle Engineering Research Center, Nanjing, 210014, China.|East China Scientific Observing and Experimental Station of Development and Utilization of Rural Renewable Energy, Ministry of Agriculture, Nanjing, 210014, China.|Key Laboratory of Agro-Environment in Downstream of Yangtze Plain, Ministry of Agriculture, Nanjing, 210014, China.
authors: Jing
authors: J
authors: Du
authors: Institute of Agricultural Resources and Environment, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing, 210014, China.|Jiangsu Agricultural Waste Treatment and Recycle Engineering Research Center, Nanjing, 210014, China.|East China Scientific Observing and Experimental Station of Development and Utilization of Rural Renewable Energy, Ministry of Agriculture, Nanjing, 210014, China.|Key Laboratory of Agro-Environment in Downstream of Yangtze Plain, Ministry of Agriculture, Nanjing, 210014, China.
authors: Huashan
authors: H
authors: Wu
authors: Institute of Agricultural Resources and Environment, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing, 210014, China.|Jiangsu Agricultural Waste Treatment and Recycle Engineering Research Center, Nanjing, 210014, China.|East China Scientific Observing and Experimental Station of Development and Utilization of Rural Renewable Energy, Ministry of Agriculture, Nanjing, 210014, China.|Key Laboratory of Agro-Environment in Downstream of Yangtze Plain, Ministry of Agriculture, Nanjing, 210014, China.
authors: Hongying
authors: H
authors: Huang
authors: Institute of Agricultural Resources and Environment, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing, 210014, China.|Jiangsu Agricultural Waste Treatment and Recycle Engineering Research Center, Nanjing, 210014, China.|East China Scientific Observing and Experimental Station of Development and Utilization of Rural Renewable Energy, Ministry of Agriculture, Nanjing, 210014, China.|Key Laboratory of Agro-Environment in Downstream of Yangtze Plain, Ministry of Agriculture, Nanjing, 210014, China.
authors: Zhizhou
authors: Z
authors: Chang
authors: Institute of Agricultural Resources and Environment, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing, 210014, China.|Jiangsu Agricultural Waste Treatment and Recycle Engineering Research Center, Nanjing, 210014, China.|East China Scientific Observing and Experimental Station of Development and Utilization of Rural Renewable Energy, Ministry of Agriculture, Nanjing, 210014, China.|Key Laboratory of Agro-Environment in Downstream of Yangtze Plain, Ministry of Agriculture, Nanjing, 210014, China.
authors: Yueding
authors: Y
authors: Xu
authors: College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China.
authors: Lixiang
authors: L
authors: Zhou
mesh_terms: D000693:Anaerobiosis; D000818:Animals; D008372:Manure / Q000382:microbiology*; D012275:Oryza / Q000737:chemistry*; D013449:Sulfonamides / Q000737:chemistry*; D013552:Swine
chemical_list: D008372:Manure; D013449:Sulfonamides
keywords: Anaerobic digestion; Distribution characteristics; Removal rate; Sulfonamides