title: Five-Year Outcomes after Off-Pump or On-Pump Coronary-Artery Bypass Grafting.
abstract: We previously reported that there was no significant difference at 30 days or at 1 year in the rate of the composite outcome of death, stroke, myocardial infarction, or renal failure between patients who underwent coronary-artery bypass grafting (CABG) performed with a beating-heart technique (off-pump) and those who underwent CABG performed with cardiopulmonary bypass (on-pump). We now report the results at 5 years (the end of the trial).
  
  
  
  A total of 4752 patients (from 19 countries) who had coronary artery disease were randomly assigned to undergo off-pump or on-pump CABG. For this report, we analyzed a composite outcome of death, stroke, myocardial infarction, renal failure, or repeat coronary revascularization (either CABG or percutaneous coronary intervention). The mean follow-up period was 4.8 years.
  
  
  
  There were no significant differences between the off-pump group and the on-pump group in the rate of the composite outcome (23.1% and 23.6%, respectively; hazard ratio with off-pump CABG, 0.98; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.87 to 1.10; P=0.72) or in the rates of the components of the outcome, including repeat coronary revascularization, which was performed in 2.8% of the patients in the off-pump group and in 2.3% of the patients in the on-pump group (hazard ratio, 1.21; 95% CI, 0.85 to 1.73; P=0.29). The secondary outcome for the overall period of the trial - the mean cost in U.S. dollars per patient - also did not differ significantly between the off-pump group and the on-pump group ($15,107 and $14,992, respectively; between-group difference, $115; 95% CI, -$697 to $927). There were no significant between-group differences in quality-of-life measures.
  
  
  
  In our trial, the rate of the composite outcome of death, stroke, myocardial infarction, renal failure, or repeat revascularization at 5 years of follow-up was similar among patients who underwent off-pump CABG and those who underwent on-pump CABG. (Funded by the Canadian Institutes of Health Research; CORONARY ClinicalTrials.gov number, NCT00463294 .).
authors: From the Population Health Research Institute, Hamilton Health Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON (A.L., P.J.D., R.P.W., Y.O., P.G., S.P., S.Y.), Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal, Montreal (N.N.), and the University of Calgary, Calgary, AB (R.J.N.) - all in Canada; the Center for Chronic Disease Control, Gurgaon (D.P.), SAL Hospital, Ahmedabad (A.R.J.), G. Kuppuswamy Naidu Memorial Hospital, Coimbatore (C.P.), and All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi (B.A.) - all in India; the University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom (D.P.T.); Fu Wai Cardiovascular Hospital, Xicheng District, Beijing (S.H.), and Wuhan Asia Heart Hospital, Wuhan (L.T.) - both in China; Third Faculty of Medicine Charles University, University Hospital Kralovske Vinohrady, Prague, Czech Republic (Z.S.); Instituto Dante Pazzanese de Cardiologia, São Paulo (L.S.P., A.A.); Ankara University School of Medicine, Ankara, Turkey (A.R.A.); Hospital Regional de Temuco and Universidad de la Frontera, Temuco, Chile (F.L.Z., J.-C.B.); Fundación Médica de Río Negro y Neuquén, Rio Negro, Argentina (P.A.O.); and North Estonia Medical Center, Tallinn, Estonia (T.-A.S.).
authors: André
authors: A
authors: Lamy
authors: From the Population Health Research Institute, Hamilton Health Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON (A.L., P.J.D., R.P.W., Y.O., P.G., S.P., S.Y.), Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal, Montreal (N.N.), and the University of Calgary, Calgary, AB (R.J.N.) - all in Canada; the Center for Chronic Disease Control, Gurgaon (D.P.), SAL Hospital, Ahmedabad (A.R.J.), G. Kuppuswamy Naidu Memorial Hospital, Coimbatore (C.P.), and All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi (B.A.) - all in India; the University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom (D.P.T.); Fu Wai Cardiovascular Hospital, Xicheng District, Beijing (S.H.), and Wuhan Asia Heart Hospital, Wuhan (L.T.) - both in China; Third Faculty of Medicine Charles University, University Hospital Kralovske Vinohrady, Prague, Czech Republic (Z.S.); Instituto Dante Pazzanese de Cardiologia, São Paulo (L.S.P., A.A.); Ankara University School of Medicine, Ankara, Turkey (A.R.A.); Hospital Regional de Temuco and Universidad de la Frontera, Temuco, Chile (F.L.Z., J.-C.B.); Fundación Médica de Río Negro y Neuquén, Rio Negro, Argentina (P.A.O.); and North Estonia Medical Center, Tallinn, Estonia (T.-A.S.).
authors: P J
authors: PJ
authors: Devereaux
authors: From the Population Health Research Institute, Hamilton Health Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON (A.L., P.J.D., R.P.W., Y.O., P.G., S.P., S.Y.), Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal, Montreal (N.N.), and the University of Calgary, Calgary, AB (R.J.N.) - all in Canada; the Center for Chronic Disease Control, Gurgaon (D.P.), SAL Hospital, Ahmedabad (A.R.J.), G. Kuppuswamy Naidu Memorial Hospital, Coimbatore (C.P.), and All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi (B.A.) - all in India; the University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom (D.P.T.); Fu Wai Cardiovascular Hospital, Xicheng District, Beijing (S.H.), and Wuhan Asia Heart Hospital, Wuhan (L.T.) - both in China; Third Faculty of Medicine Charles University, University Hospital Kralovske Vinohrady, Prague, Czech Republic (Z.S.); Instituto Dante Pazzanese de Cardiologia, São Paulo (L.S.P., A.A.); Ankara University School of Medicine, Ankara, Turkey (A.R.A.); Hospital Regional de Temuco and Universidad de la Frontera, Temuco, Chile (F.L.Z., J.-C.B.); Fundación Médica de Río Negro y Neuquén, Rio Negro, Argentina (P.A.O.); and North Estonia Medical Center, Tallinn, Estonia (T.-A.S.).
authors: Dorairaj
authors: D
authors: Prabhakaran
authors: From the Population Health Research Institute, Hamilton Health Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON (A.L., P.J.D., R.P.W., Y.O., P.G., S.P., S.Y.), Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal, Montreal (N.N.), and the University of Calgary, Calgary, AB (R.J.N.) - all in Canada; the Center for Chronic Disease Control, Gurgaon (D.P.), SAL Hospital, Ahmedabad (A.R.J.), G. Kuppuswamy Naidu Memorial Hospital, Coimbatore (C.P.), and All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi (B.A.) - all in India; the University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom (D.P.T.); Fu Wai Cardiovascular Hospital, Xicheng District, Beijing (S.H.), and Wuhan Asia Heart Hospital, Wuhan (L.T.) - both in China; Third Faculty of Medicine Charles University, University Hospital Kralovske Vinohrady, Prague, Czech Republic (Z.S.); Instituto Dante Pazzanese de Cardiologia, São Paulo (L.S.P., A.A.); Ankara University School of Medicine, Ankara, Turkey (A.R.A.); Hospital Regional de Temuco and Universidad de la Frontera, Temuco, Chile (F.L.Z., J.-C.B.); Fundación Médica de Río Negro y Neuquén, Rio Negro, Argentina (P.A.O.); and North Estonia Medical Center, Tallinn, Estonia (T.-A.S.).
authors: David P
authors: DP
authors: Taggart
authors: From the Population Health Research Institute, Hamilton Health Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON (A.L., P.J.D., R.P.W., Y.O., P.G., S.P., S.Y.), Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal, Montreal (N.N.), and the University of Calgary, Calgary, AB (R.J.N.) - all in Canada; the Center for Chronic Disease Control, Gurgaon (D.P.), SAL Hospital, Ahmedabad (A.R.J.), G. Kuppuswamy Naidu Memorial Hospital, Coimbatore (C.P.), and All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi (B.A.) - all in India; the University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom (D.P.T.); Fu Wai Cardiovascular Hospital, Xicheng District, Beijing (S.H.), and Wuhan Asia Heart Hospital, Wuhan (L.T.) - both in China; Third Faculty of Medicine Charles University, University Hospital Kralovske Vinohrady, Prague, Czech Republic (Z.S.); Instituto Dante Pazzanese de Cardiologia, São Paulo (L.S.P., A.A.); Ankara University School of Medicine, Ankara, Turkey (A.R.A.); Hospital Regional de Temuco and Universidad de la Frontera, Temuco, Chile (F.L.Z., J.-C.B.); Fundación Médica de Río Negro y Neuquén, Rio Negro, Argentina (P.A.O.); and North Estonia Medical Center, Tallinn, Estonia (T.-A.S.).
authors: Shengshou
authors: S
authors: Hu
authors: From the Population Health Research Institute, Hamilton Health Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON (A.L., P.J.D., R.P.W., Y.O., P.G., S.P., S.Y.), Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal, Montreal (N.N.), and the University of Calgary, Calgary, AB (R.J.N.) - all in Canada; the Center for Chronic Disease Control, Gurgaon (D.P.), SAL Hospital, Ahmedabad (A.R.J.), G. Kuppuswamy Naidu Memorial Hospital, Coimbatore (C.P.), and All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi (B.A.) - all in India; the University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom (D.P.T.); Fu Wai Cardiovascular Hospital, Xicheng District, Beijing (S.H.), and Wuhan Asia Heart Hospital, Wuhan (L.T.) - both in China; Third Faculty of Medicine Charles University, University Hospital Kralovske Vinohrady, Prague, Czech Republic (Z.S.); Instituto Dante Pazzanese de Cardiologia, São Paulo (L.S.P., A.A.); Ankara University School of Medicine, Ankara, Turkey (A.R.A.); Hospital Regional de Temuco and Universidad de la Frontera, Temuco, Chile (F.L.Z., J.-C.B.); Fundación Médica de Río Negro y Neuquén, Rio Negro, Argentina (P.A.O.); and North Estonia Medical Center, Tallinn, Estonia (T.-A.S.).
authors: Zbynek
authors: Z
authors: Straka
authors: From the Population Health Research Institute, Hamilton Health Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON (A.L., P.J.D., R.P.W., Y.O., P.G., S.P., S.Y.), Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal, Montreal (N.N.), and the University of Calgary, Calgary, AB (R.J.N.) - all in Canada; the Center for Chronic Disease Control, Gurgaon (D.P.), SAL Hospital, Ahmedabad (A.R.J.), G. Kuppuswamy Naidu Memorial Hospital, Coimbatore (C.P.), and All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi (B.A.) - all in India; the University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom (D.P.T.); Fu Wai Cardiovascular Hospital, Xicheng District, Beijing (S.H.), and Wuhan Asia Heart Hospital, Wuhan (L.T.) - both in China; Third Faculty of Medicine Charles University, University Hospital Kralovske Vinohrady, Prague, Czech Republic (Z.S.); Instituto Dante Pazzanese de Cardiologia, São Paulo (L.S.P., A.A.); Ankara University School of Medicine, Ankara, Turkey (A.R.A.); Hospital Regional de Temuco and Universidad de la Frontera, Temuco, Chile (F.L.Z., J.-C.B.); Fundación Médica de Río Negro y Neuquén, Rio Negro, Argentina (P.A.O.); and North Estonia Medical Center, Tallinn, Estonia (T.-A.S.).
authors: Leopoldo S
authors: LS
authors: Piegas
authors: From the Population Health Research Institute, Hamilton Health Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON (A.L., P.J.D., R.P.W., Y.O., P.G., S.P., S.Y.), Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal, Montreal (N.N.), and the University of Calgary, Calgary, AB (R.J.N.) - all in Canada; the Center for Chronic Disease Control, Gurgaon (D.P.), SAL Hospital, Ahmedabad (A.R.J.), G. Kuppuswamy Naidu Memorial Hospital, Coimbatore (C.P.), and All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi (B.A.) - all in India; the University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom (D.P.T.); Fu Wai Cardiovascular Hospital, Xicheng District, Beijing (S.H.), and Wuhan Asia Heart Hospital, Wuhan (L.T.) - both in China; Third Faculty of Medicine Charles University, University Hospital Kralovske Vinohrady, Prague, Czech Republic (Z.S.); Instituto Dante Pazzanese de Cardiologia, São Paulo (L.S.P., A.A.); Ankara University School of Medicine, Ankara, Turkey (A.R.A.); Hospital Regional de Temuco and Universidad de la Frontera, Temuco, Chile (F.L.Z., J.-C.B.); Fundación Médica de Río Negro y Neuquén, Rio Negro, Argentina (P.A.O.); and North Estonia Medical Center, Tallinn, Estonia (T.-A.S.).
authors: Alvaro
authors: A
authors: Avezum
authors: From the Population Health Research Institute, Hamilton Health Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON (A.L., P.J.D., R.P.W., Y.O., P.G., S.P., S.Y.), Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal, Montreal (N.N.), and the University of Calgary, Calgary, AB (R.J.N.) - all in Canada; the Center for Chronic Disease Control, Gurgaon (D.P.), SAL Hospital, Ahmedabad (A.R.J.), G. Kuppuswamy Naidu Memorial Hospital, Coimbatore (C.P.), and All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi (B.A.) - all in India; the University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom (D.P.T.); Fu Wai Cardiovascular Hospital, Xicheng District, Beijing (S.H.), and Wuhan Asia Heart Hospital, Wuhan (L.T.) - both in China; Third Faculty of Medicine Charles University, University Hospital Kralovske Vinohrady, Prague, Czech Republic (Z.S.); Instituto Dante Pazzanese de Cardiologia, São Paulo (L.S.P., A.A.); Ankara University School of Medicine, Ankara, Turkey (A.R.A.); Hospital Regional de Temuco and Universidad de la Frontera, Temuco, Chile (F.L.Z., J.-C.B.); Fundación Médica de Río Negro y Neuquén, Rio Negro, Argentina (P.A.O.); and North Estonia Medical Center, Tallinn, Estonia (T.-A.S.).
authors: Ahmet R
authors: AR
authors: Akar
authors: From the Population Health Research Institute, Hamilton Health Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON (A.L., P.J.D., R.P.W., Y.O., P.G., S.P., S.Y.), Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal, Montreal (N.N.), and the University of Calgary, Calgary, AB (R.J.N.) - all in Canada; the Center for Chronic Disease Control, Gurgaon (D.P.), SAL Hospital, Ahmedabad (A.R.J.), G. Kuppuswamy Naidu Memorial Hospital, Coimbatore (C.P.), and All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi (B.A.) - all in India; the University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom (D.P.T.); Fu Wai Cardiovascular Hospital, Xicheng District, Beijing (S.H.), and Wuhan Asia Heart Hospital, Wuhan (L.T.) - both in China; Third Faculty of Medicine Charles University, University Hospital Kralovske Vinohrady, Prague, Czech Republic (Z.S.); Instituto Dante Pazzanese de Cardiologia, São Paulo (L.S.P., A.A.); Ankara University School of Medicine, Ankara, Turkey (A.R.A.); Hospital Regional de Temuco and Universidad de la Frontera, Temuco, Chile (F.L.Z., J.-C.B.); Fundación Médica de Río Negro y Neuquén, Rio Negro, Argentina (P.A.O.); and North Estonia Medical Center, Tallinn, Estonia (T.-A.S.).
authors: Fernando
authors: F
authors: Lanas Zanetti
authors: From the Population Health Research Institute, Hamilton Health Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON (A.L., P.J.D., R.P.W., Y.O., P.G., S.P., S.Y.), Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal, Montreal (N.N.), and the University of Calgary, Calgary, AB (R.J.N.) - all in Canada; the Center for Chronic Disease Control, Gurgaon (D.P.), SAL Hospital, Ahmedabad (A.R.J.), G. Kuppuswamy Naidu Memorial Hospital, Coimbatore (C.P.), and All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi (B.A.) - all in India; the University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom (D.P.T.); Fu Wai Cardiovascular Hospital, Xicheng District, Beijing (S.H.), and Wuhan Asia Heart Hospital, Wuhan (L.T.) - both in China; Third Faculty of Medicine Charles University, University Hospital Kralovske Vinohrady, Prague, Czech Republic (Z.S.); Instituto Dante Pazzanese de Cardiologia, São Paulo (L.S.P., A.A.); Ankara University School of Medicine, Ankara, Turkey (A.R.A.); Hospital Regional de Temuco and Universidad de la Frontera, Temuco, Chile (F.L.Z., J.-C.B.); Fundación Médica de Río Negro y Neuquén, Rio Negro, Argentina (P.A.O.); and North Estonia Medical Center, Tallinn, Estonia (T.-A.S.).
authors: Anil R
authors: AR
authors: Jain
authors: From the Population Health Research Institute, Hamilton Health Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON (A.L., P.J.D., R.P.W., Y.O., P.G., S.P., S.Y.), Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal, Montreal (N.N.), and the University of Calgary, Calgary, AB (R.J.N.) - all in Canada; the Center for Chronic Disease Control, Gurgaon (D.P.), SAL Hospital, Ahmedabad (A.R.J.), G. Kuppuswamy Naidu Memorial Hospital, Coimbatore (C.P.), and All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi (B.A.) - all in India; the University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom (D.P.T.); Fu Wai Cardiovascular Hospital, Xicheng District, Beijing (S.H.), and Wuhan Asia Heart Hospital, Wuhan (L.T.) - both in China; Third Faculty of Medicine Charles University, University Hospital Kralovske Vinohrady, Prague, Czech Republic (Z.S.); Instituto Dante Pazzanese de Cardiologia, São Paulo (L.S.P., A.A.); Ankara University School of Medicine, Ankara, Turkey (A.R.A.); Hospital Regional de Temuco and Universidad de la Frontera, Temuco, Chile (F.L.Z., J.-C.B.); Fundación Médica de Río Negro y Neuquén, Rio Negro, Argentina (P.A.O.); and North Estonia Medical Center, Tallinn, Estonia (T.-A.S.).
authors: Nicolas
authors: N
authors: Noiseux
authors: From the Population Health Research Institute, Hamilton Health Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON (A.L., P.J.D., R.P.W., Y.O., P.G., S.P., S.Y.), Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal, Montreal (N.N.), and the University of Calgary, Calgary, AB (R.J.N.) - all in Canada; the Center for Chronic Disease Control, Gurgaon (D.P.), SAL Hospital, Ahmedabad (A.R.J.), G. Kuppuswamy Naidu Memorial Hospital, Coimbatore (C.P.), and All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi (B.A.) - all in India; the University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom (D.P.T.); Fu Wai Cardiovascular Hospital, Xicheng District, Beijing (S.H.), and Wuhan Asia Heart Hospital, Wuhan (L.T.) - both in China; Third Faculty of Medicine Charles University, University Hospital Kralovske Vinohrady, Prague, Czech Republic (Z.S.); Instituto Dante Pazzanese de Cardiologia, São Paulo (L.S.P., A.A.); Ankara University School of Medicine, Ankara, Turkey (A.R.A.); Hospital Regional de Temuco and Universidad de la Frontera, Temuco, Chile (F.L.Z., J.-C.B.); Fundación Médica de Río Negro y Neuquén, Rio Negro, Argentina (P.A.O.); and North Estonia Medical Center, Tallinn, Estonia (T.-A.S.).
authors: Chandrasekar
authors: C
authors: Padmanabhan
authors: From the Population Health Research Institute, Hamilton Health Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON (A.L., P.J.D., R.P.W., Y.O., P.G., S.P., S.Y.), Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal, Montreal (N.N.), and the University of Calgary, Calgary, AB (R.J.N.) - all in Canada; the Center for Chronic Disease Control, Gurgaon (D.P.), SAL Hospital, Ahmedabad (A.R.J.), G. Kuppuswamy Naidu Memorial Hospital, Coimbatore (C.P.), and All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi (B.A.) - all in India; the University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom (D.P.T.); Fu Wai Cardiovascular Hospital, Xicheng District, Beijing (S.H.), and Wuhan Asia Heart Hospital, Wuhan (L.T.) - both in China; Third Faculty of Medicine Charles University, University Hospital Kralovske Vinohrady, Prague, Czech Republic (Z.S.); Instituto Dante Pazzanese de Cardiologia, São Paulo (L.S.P., A.A.); Ankara University School of Medicine, Ankara, Turkey (A.R.A.); Hospital Regional de Temuco and Universidad de la Frontera, Temuco, Chile (F.L.Z., J.-C.B.); Fundación Médica de Río Negro y Neuquén, Rio Negro, Argentina (P.A.O.); and North Estonia Medical Center, Tallinn, Estonia (T.-A.S.).
authors: Juan-Carlos
authors: JC
authors: Bahamondes
authors: From the Population Health Research Institute, Hamilton Health Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON (A.L., P.J.D., R.P.W., Y.O., P.G., S.P., S.Y.), Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal, Montreal (N.N.), and the University of Calgary, Calgary, AB (R.J.N.) - all in Canada; the Center for Chronic Disease Control, Gurgaon (D.P.), SAL Hospital, Ahmedabad (A.R.J.), G. Kuppuswamy Naidu Memorial Hospital, Coimbatore (C.P.), and All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi (B.A.) - all in India; the University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom (D.P.T.); Fu Wai Cardiovascular Hospital, Xicheng District, Beijing (S.H.), and Wuhan Asia Heart Hospital, Wuhan (L.T.) - both in China; Third Faculty of Medicine Charles University, University Hospital Kralovske Vinohrady, Prague, Czech Republic (Z.S.); Instituto Dante Pazzanese de Cardiologia, São Paulo (L.S.P., A.A.); Ankara University School of Medicine, Ankara, Turkey (A.R.A.); Hospital Regional de Temuco and Universidad de la Frontera, Temuco, Chile (F.L.Z., J.-C.B.); Fundación Médica de Río Negro y Neuquén, Rio Negro, Argentina (P.A.O.); and North Estonia Medical Center, Tallinn, Estonia (T.-A.S.).
authors: Richard J
authors: RJ
authors: Novick
authors: From the Population Health Research Institute, Hamilton Health Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON (A.L., P.J.D., R.P.W., Y.O., P.G., S.P., S.Y.), Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal, Montreal (N.N.), and the University of Calgary, Calgary, AB (R.J.N.) - all in Canada; the Center for Chronic Disease Control, Gurgaon (D.P.), SAL Hospital, Ahmedabad (A.R.J.), G. Kuppuswamy Naidu Memorial Hospital, Coimbatore (C.P.), and All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi (B.A.) - all in India; the University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom (D.P.T.); Fu Wai Cardiovascular Hospital, Xicheng District, Beijing (S.H.), and Wuhan Asia Heart Hospital, Wuhan (L.T.) - both in China; Third Faculty of Medicine Charles University, University Hospital Kralovske Vinohrady, Prague, Czech Republic (Z.S.); Instituto Dante Pazzanese de Cardiologia, São Paulo (L.S.P., A.A.); Ankara University School of Medicine, Ankara, Turkey (A.R.A.); Hospital Regional de Temuco and Universidad de la Frontera, Temuco, Chile (F.L.Z., J.-C.B.); Fundación Médica de Río Negro y Neuquén, Rio Negro, Argentina (P.A.O.); and North Estonia Medical Center, Tallinn, Estonia (T.-A.S.).
authors: Liang
authors: L
authors: Tao
authors: From the Population Health Research Institute, Hamilton Health Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON (A.L., P.J.D., R.P.W., Y.O., P.G., S.P., S.Y.), Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal, Montreal (N.N.), and the University of Calgary, Calgary, AB (R.J.N.) - all in Canada; the Center for Chronic Disease Control, Gurgaon (D.P.), SAL Hospital, Ahmedabad (A.R.J.), G. Kuppuswamy Naidu Memorial Hospital, Coimbatore (C.P.), and All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi (B.A.) - all in India; the University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom (D.P.T.); Fu Wai Cardiovascular Hospital, Xicheng District, Beijing (S.H.), and Wuhan Asia Heart Hospital, Wuhan (L.T.) - both in China; Third Faculty of Medicine Charles University, University Hospital Kralovske Vinohrady, Prague, Czech Republic (Z.S.); Instituto Dante Pazzanese de Cardiologia, São Paulo (L.S.P., A.A.); Ankara University School of Medicine, Ankara, Turkey (A.R.A.); Hospital Regional de Temuco and Universidad de la Frontera, Temuco, Chile (F.L.Z., J.-C.B.); Fundación Médica de Río Negro y Neuquén, Rio Negro, Argentina (P.A.O.); and North Estonia Medical Center, Tallinn, Estonia (T.-A.S.).
authors: Pablo A
authors: PA
authors: Olavegogeascoechea
authors: From the Population Health Research Institute, Hamilton Health Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON (A.L., P.J.D., R.P.W., Y.O., P.G., S.P., S.Y.), Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal, Montreal (N.N.), and the University of Calgary, Calgary, AB (R.J.N.) - all in Canada; the Center for Chronic Disease Control, Gurgaon (D.P.), SAL Hospital, Ahmedabad (A.R.J.), G. Kuppuswamy Naidu Memorial Hospital, Coimbatore (C.P.), and All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi (B.A.) - all in India; the University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom (D.P.T.); Fu Wai Cardiovascular Hospital, Xicheng District, Beijing (S.H.), and Wuhan Asia Heart Hospital, Wuhan (L.T.) - both in China; Third Faculty of Medicine Charles University, University Hospital Kralovske Vinohrady, Prague, Czech Republic (Z.S.); Instituto Dante Pazzanese de Cardiologia, São Paulo (L.S.P., A.A.); Ankara University School of Medicine, Ankara, Turkey (A.R.A.); Hospital Regional de Temuco and Universidad de la Frontera, Temuco, Chile (F.L.Z., J.-C.B.); Fundación Médica de Río Negro y Neuquén, Rio Negro, Argentina (P.A.O.); and North Estonia Medical Center, Tallinn, Estonia (T.-A.S.).
authors: Balram
authors: B
authors: Airan
authors: From the Population Health Research Institute, Hamilton Health Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON (A.L., P.J.D., R.P.W., Y.O., P.G., S.P., S.Y.), Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal, Montreal (N.N.), and the University of Calgary, Calgary, AB (R.J.N.) - all in Canada; the Center for Chronic Disease Control, Gurgaon (D.P.), SAL Hospital, Ahmedabad (A.R.J.), G. Kuppuswamy Naidu Memorial Hospital, Coimbatore (C.P.), and All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi (B.A.) - all in India; the University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom (D.P.T.); Fu Wai Cardiovascular Hospital, Xicheng District, Beijing (S.H.), and Wuhan Asia Heart Hospital, Wuhan (L.T.) - both in China; Third Faculty of Medicine Charles University, University Hospital Kralovske Vinohrady, Prague, Czech Republic (Z.S.); Instituto Dante Pazzanese de Cardiologia, São Paulo (L.S.P., A.A.); Ankara University School of Medicine, Ankara, Turkey (A.R.A.); Hospital Regional de Temuco and Universidad de la Frontera, Temuco, Chile (F.L.Z., J.-C.B.); Fundación Médica de Río Negro y Neuquén, Rio Negro, Argentina (P.A.O.); and North Estonia Medical Center, Tallinn, Estonia (T.-A.S.).
authors: Toomas-Andres
authors: TA
authors: Sulling
authors: From the Population Health Research Institute, Hamilton Health Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON (A.L., P.J.D., R.P.W., Y.O., P.G., S.P., S.Y.), Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal, Montreal (N.N.), and the University of Calgary, Calgary, AB (R.J.N.) - all in Canada; the Center for Chronic Disease Control, Gurgaon (D.P.), SAL Hospital, Ahmedabad (A.R.J.), G. Kuppuswamy Naidu Memorial Hospital, Coimbatore (C.P.), and All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi (B.A.) - all in India; the University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom (D.P.T.); Fu Wai Cardiovascular Hospital, Xicheng District, Beijing (S.H.), and Wuhan Asia Heart Hospital, Wuhan (L.T.) - both in China; Third Faculty of Medicine Charles University, University Hospital Kralovske Vinohrady, Prague, Czech Republic (Z.S.); Instituto Dante Pazzanese de Cardiologia, São Paulo (L.S.P., A.A.); Ankara University School of Medicine, Ankara, Turkey (A.R.A.); Hospital Regional de Temuco and Universidad de la Frontera, Temuco, Chile (F.L.Z., J.-C.B.); Fundación Médica de Río Negro y Neuquén, Rio Negro, Argentina (P.A.O.); and North Estonia Medical Center, Tallinn, Estonia (T.-A.S.).
authors: Richard P
authors: RP
authors: Whitlock
authors: From the Population Health Research Institute, Hamilton Health Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON (A.L., P.J.D., R.P.W., Y.O., P.G., S.P., S.Y.), Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal, Montreal (N.N.), and the University of Calgary, Calgary, AB (R.J.N.) - all in Canada; the Center for Chronic Disease Control, Gurgaon (D.P.), SAL Hospital, Ahmedabad (A.R.J.), G. Kuppuswamy Naidu Memorial Hospital, Coimbatore (C.P.), and All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi (B.A.) - all in India; the University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom (D.P.T.); Fu Wai Cardiovascular Hospital, Xicheng District, Beijing (S.H.), and Wuhan Asia Heart Hospital, Wuhan (L.T.) - both in China; Third Faculty of Medicine Charles University, University Hospital Kralovske Vinohrady, Prague, Czech Republic (Z.S.); Instituto Dante Pazzanese de Cardiologia, São Paulo (L.S.P., A.A.); Ankara University School of Medicine, Ankara, Turkey (A.R.A.); Hospital Regional de Temuco and Universidad de la Frontera, Temuco, Chile (F.L.Z., J.-C.B.); Fundación Médica de Río Negro y Neuquén, Rio Negro, Argentina (P.A.O.); and North Estonia Medical Center, Tallinn, Estonia (T.-A.S.).
authors: Yongning
authors: Y
authors: Ou
authors: From the Population Health Research Institute, Hamilton Health Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON (A.L., P.J.D., R.P.W., Y.O., P.G., S.P., S.Y.), Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal, Montreal (N.N.), and the University of Calgary, Calgary, AB (R.J.N.) - all in Canada; the Center for Chronic Disease Control, Gurgaon (D.P.), SAL Hospital, Ahmedabad (A.R.J.), G. Kuppuswamy Naidu Memorial Hospital, Coimbatore (C.P.), and All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi (B.A.) - all in India; the University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom (D.P.T.); Fu Wai Cardiovascular Hospital, Xicheng District, Beijing (S.H.), and Wuhan Asia Heart Hospital, Wuhan (L.T.) - both in China; Third Faculty of Medicine Charles University, University Hospital Kralovske Vinohrady, Prague, Czech Republic (Z.S.); Instituto Dante Pazzanese de Cardiologia, São Paulo (L.S.P., A.A.); Ankara University School of Medicine, Ankara, Turkey (A.R.A.); Hospital Regional de Temuco and Universidad de la Frontera, Temuco, Chile (F.L.Z., J.-C.B.); Fundación Médica de Río Negro y Neuquén, Rio Negro, Argentina (P.A.O.); and North Estonia Medical Center, Tallinn, Estonia (T.-A.S.).
authors: Peggy
authors: P
authors: Gao
authors: From the Population Health Research Institute, Hamilton Health Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON (A.L., P.J.D., R.P.W., Y.O., P.G., S.P., S.Y.), Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal, Montreal (N.N.), and the University of Calgary, Calgary, AB (R.J.N.) - all in Canada; the Center for Chronic Disease Control, Gurgaon (D.P.), SAL Hospital, Ahmedabad (A.R.J.), G. Kuppuswamy Naidu Memorial Hospital, Coimbatore (C.P.), and All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi (B.A.) - all in India; the University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom (D.P.T.); Fu Wai Cardiovascular Hospital, Xicheng District, Beijing (S.H.), and Wuhan Asia Heart Hospital, Wuhan (L.T.) - both in China; Third Faculty of Medicine Charles University, University Hospital Kralovske Vinohrady, Prague, Czech Republic (Z.S.); Instituto Dante Pazzanese de Cardiologia, São Paulo (L.S.P., A.A.); Ankara University School of Medicine, Ankara, Turkey (A.R.A.); Hospital Regional de Temuco and Universidad de la Frontera, Temuco, Chile (F.L.Z., J.-C.B.); Fundación Médica de Río Negro y Neuquén, Rio Negro, Argentina (P.A.O.); and North Estonia Medical Center, Tallinn, Estonia (T.-A.S.).
authors: Shirley
authors: S
authors: Pettit
authors: From the Population Health Research Institute, Hamilton Health Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON (A.L., P.J.D., R.P.W., Y.O., P.G., S.P., S.Y.), Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal, Montreal (N.N.), and the University of Calgary, Calgary, AB (R.J.N.) - all in Canada; the Center for Chronic Disease Control, Gurgaon (D.P.), SAL Hospital, Ahmedabad (A.R.J.), G. Kuppuswamy Naidu Memorial Hospital, Coimbatore (C.P.), and All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi (B.A.) - all in India; the University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom (D.P.T.); Fu Wai Cardiovascular Hospital, Xicheng District, Beijing (S.H.), and Wuhan Asia Heart Hospital, Wuhan (L.T.) - both in China; Third Faculty of Medicine Charles University, University Hospital Kralovske Vinohrady, Prague, Czech Republic (Z.S.); Instituto Dante Pazzanese de Cardiologia, São Paulo (L.S.P., A.A.); Ankara University School of Medicine, Ankara, Turkey (A.R.A.); Hospital Regional de Temuco and Universidad de la Frontera, Temuco, Chile (F.L.Z., J.-C.B.); Fundación Médica de Río Negro y Neuquén, Rio Negro, Argentina (P.A.O.); and North Estonia Medical Center, Tallinn, Estonia (T.-A.S.).
authors: Salim
authors: S
authors: Yusuf
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D001026:Coronary Artery Bypass / Q000191:economics / Q000379:methods*; D047549:Coronary Artery Bypass, Off-Pump; D003324:Coronary Artery Disease / Q000401:mortality / Q000601:surgery; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D053208:Kaplan-Meier Estimate; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009203:Myocardial Infarction / Q000209:etiology; D011183:Postoperative Complications / Q000453:epidemiology; D016016:Proportional Hazards Models; D011788:Quality of Life; D051437:Renal Insufficiency / Q000209:etiology; D012086:Reoperation / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D020521:Stroke / Q000209:etiology