title: Prevalence, Characterization, and Mycotoxin Production Ability of Fusarium Species on Korean Adlay (Coix lacrymal-jobi L.) Seeds.
abstract: Adlay seed samples were collected from three adlay growing regions (Yeoncheon, Hwasun, and Eumseong region) in Korea during 2012. Among all the samples collected, 400 seeds were tested for fungal occurrence by standard blotter and test tube agar methods and different taxonomic groups of fungal genera were detected. The most predominant fungal genera encountered wereFusarium,Phoma,Alternaria,Cladosporium,Curvularia,CochliobolusandLeptosphaerulina.Fusariumspecies accounted for 45.6% of all species found; and, with phylogenetic analysis based on the combined sequences of two protein coding genes (EF-1α and β-tubulin), 10Fusariumspecies were characterized namely,F. incarnatum(11.67%),F. kyushuense(10.33%),F. fujikuroi(8.67%),F. concentricum(6.00%),F. asiaticum(5.67%),F. graminearum(1.67%),F. miscanthi(0.67%),F. polyphialidicum(0.33%),F. armeniacum(0.33%), andF. thapsinum(0.33%). TheFusariumspecies were then examined for their morphological characteristics to confirm their identity. Morphological observations of the species correlated well with and confirmed their molecular identification. The ability of these isolates to produce the mycotoxins fumonisin (FUM) and zearalenone (ZEN) was tested by the ELISA quantitative analysis method. The result revealed that FUM was produced only byF. fujikuroiand that ZEN was produced byF. asiaticumandF. graminearum.
authors: Department of Herbal Crop Research, National Institute of Horticultural and Herbal Science (NIHHS), Eumseong, Chungbuk 27709, Korea. atj0083@korea.kr.
authors: Tae Jin
authors: TJ
authors: An
authors: Department of Applied Biology, College of Agriculture & Life Sciences, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 34134, Korea. seopbee@korea.kr.
authors: Kyu Seop
authors: KS
authors: Shin
authors: Department of Herbal Crop Research, National Institute of Horticultural and Herbal Science (NIHHS), Eumseong, Chungbuk 27709, Korea. ncpaul@korea.kr.|Bioenergy Crop Research Institute, National Institute of Crop Science, Rural Development Administration, Muan 58545, Korea. ncpaul@korea.kr.
authors: Narayan Chandra
authors: NC
authors: Paul
authors: Department of Herbal Crop Research, National Institute of Horticultural and Herbal Science (NIHHS), Eumseong, Chungbuk 27709, Korea. kimyguk@korea.kr.
authors: Young Guk
authors: YG
authors: Kim
authors: Department of Herbal Crop Research, National Institute of Horticultural and Herbal Science (NIHHS), Eumseong, Chungbuk 27709, Korea. insam@korea.kr.
authors: Seon Woo
authors: SW
authors: Cha
authors: Laboratory of Mucosal Exposome and Biomodulation, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Pusan National University School of Medicine, Yangsan 50612, Korea. moon@pusan.ac.kr.
authors: Yuseok
authors: Y
authors: Moon
authors: Department of Applied Biology, College of Agriculture & Life Sciences, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 34134, Korea. shunyu@cnu.ac.kr.
authors: Seung Hun
authors: SH
authors: Yu
authors: Department of Applied Biology, College of Agriculture & Life Sciences, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 34134, Korea. sangkeun@cnu.ac.kr.
authors: Sang-Keun
authors: SK
authors: Oh
mesh_terms: D001483:Base Sequence; D031742:Coix / Q000382:microbiology*; D004271:DNA, Fungal / Q000032:analysis; D037341:Fumonisins / Q000378:metabolism*; D005670:Fusarium / Q000235:genetics / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000378:metabolism*; D010802:Phylogeny; D012639:Seeds / Q000382:microbiology*; D015025:Zearalenone / Q000096:biosynthesis*
chemical_list: D004271:DNA, Fungal; D037341:Fumonisins; D015025:Zearalenone
keywords: ELISA; Fusarium; adlay seeds; morphological data analysis; mycotoxins; phylogenetic analysis