title: Allergic Contact Dermatitis to Ophthalmic Medications: Relevant Allergens and Alternative Testing Methods.
abstract: Allergic contact dermatitis is an important cause of periorbital dermatitis. Topical ophthalmic agents are relevant sensitizers. Contact dermatitis to ophthalmic medications can be challenging to diagnose and manage given the numerous possible offending agents, including both active and inactive ingredients. Furthermore, a substantial body of literature reports false-negative patch test results to ophthalmic agents. Subsequently, numerous alternative testing methods have been described. This review outlines the periorbital manifestations, causative agents, and alternative testing methods of allergic contact dermatitis to ophthalmic medications.
authors: From the *University of Minnesota Medical School; †HCMC Parkside Occupational and Contact Dermatitis Clinic; ‡Department of Dermatology, Minneapolis Veterans Affairs Medical Center; and §Department of Dermatology, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis.
authors: Katherine R
authors: KR
authors: Grey
authors: Erin M
authors: EM
authors: Warshaw
mesh_terms: D060433:Administration, Ophthalmic; D058646:Adrenergic alpha-1 Receptor Agonists / Q000009:adverse effects; D000319:Adrenergic beta-Antagonists / Q000009:adverse effects; D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents / Q000009:adverse effects; D000891:Anti-Infective Agents, Local / Q000009:adverse effects; D000893:Anti-Inflammatory Agents / Q000009:adverse effects; D000970:Antineoplastic Agents / Q000009:adverse effects; D000998:Antiviral Agents / Q000009:adverse effects; D002257:Carbonic Anhydrase Inhibitors / Q000009:adverse effects; D018680:Cholinergic Antagonists / Q000009:adverse effects; D017449:Dermatitis, Allergic Contact / Q000209:etiology*; D005148:Facial Dermatoses / Q000209:etiology*; D005901:Glaucoma / Q000188:drug therapy; D006633:Histamine Antagonists / Q000009:adverse effects; D006801:Humans; D065346:Lubricant Eye Drops / Q000009:adverse effects*; D018721:Muscarinic Agonists / Q000009:adverse effects; D018727:Muscarinic Antagonists / Q000009:adverse effects; D009883:Ophthalmic Solutions / Q000009:adverse effects*; D011465:Prostaglandins, Synthetic / Q000009:adverse effects
chemical_list: D058646:Adrenergic alpha-1 Receptor Agonists; D000319:Adrenergic beta-Antagonists; D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents; D000891:Anti-Infective Agents, Local; D000893:Anti-Inflammatory Agents; D000970:Antineoplastic Agents; D000998:Antiviral Agents; D002257:Carbonic Anhydrase Inhibitors; D018680:Cholinergic Antagonists; D006633:Histamine Antagonists; D065346:Lubricant Eye Drops; D018721:Muscarinic Agonists; D018727:Muscarinic Antagonists; D009883:Ophthalmic Solutions; D011465:Prostaglandins, Synthetic