title: Clinical and histopathological prognostic factors in locoregional advanced laryngeal cancer.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate the clinical and histopathological factors affecting the prognosis of patients with squamous cell locoregional advanced laryngeal cancer.
  
  
  METHODS
  A retrospective chart review was conducted of 121 patients with locoregional advanced laryngeal cancer, primarily treated with surgery from 2007 to 2011. Disease-free survival and overall survival rates were analysed as oncological outcomes. Prognostic variables, namely gender, pharyngeal invasion, pathological assessment of tumour and nodal stage, adjuvant therapy, margin status, nodal extracapsular extension, tumour differentiation, lymphovascular and perineural invasion, and predominant growth pattern, were also analysed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  One-year and three-year disease-free survival rates were 81.3 per cent and 63.5 per cent, respectively. One-year and three-year overall survival rates were 88.3 per cent and 61.4 per cent, respectively. Multivariate analysis showed that nodal extracapsular extension (p < 0.05) and an infiltrative growth pattern (p < 0.05) were associated with disease progression. Nodal extracapsular extension (p < 0.05) was associated with higher mortality.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Nodal extracapsular extension and an infiltrative growth pattern were the main prognostic factors in locoregional advanced laryngeal cancer. The presence of pharyngeal invasion, pathologically confirmed node-positive stage 2-3 disease, close or microscopic positive margins, and lymphovascular and perineural invasion have a negative impact on prognosis.
authors: Department of ENT,Instituto Português de Oncologia,Porto,Portugal.
authors: T S
authors: TS
authors: Santos
authors: Department of ENT,Instituto Português de Oncologia,Porto,Portugal.
authors: R
authors: R
authors: Estêvão
authors: Department of Epidemiology,Instituto Português de Oncologia,Porto,Portugal.
authors: L
authors: L
authors: Antunes
authors: Department of ENT,Hospital de São Sebastião,Santa Maria da Feira,Portugal.
authors: V
authors: V
authors: Certal
authors: Department of ENT,Instituto Português de Oncologia,Porto,Portugal.
authors: J C
authors: JC
authors: Silva
authors: Department of ENT,Instituto Português de Oncologia,Porto,Portugal.
authors: E
authors: E
authors: Monteiro
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D024221:Antineoplastic Protocols; D002294:Carcinoma, Squamous Cell / Q000473:pathology* / Q000628:therapy; D018450:Disease Progression; D018572:Disease-Free Survival; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007822:Laryngeal Neoplasms / Q000473:pathology* / Q000628:therapy; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D015999:Multivariate Analysis; D009361:Neoplasm Invasiveness; D009367:Neoplasm Staging; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D015996:Survival Rate
keywords: Laryngeal Cancer; Laryngectomy; Neoplasm; Neoplasm Grading; Prognosis; Squamous Cell Carcinoma Of The Head And Neck