title: Three-dimensional printing and patient-specific pre-contoured plate: future of acetabulum fracture fixation?
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Due to the complexity of acetabulum, achieving anatomical contouring intra-operatively is difficult for surgeon. A 3D (dimensional) real model can facilitate us both in contouring the plate pre-operatively and in better pre-operative planning. Patient-specific pre-contoured plate in acetabular fracture has been studied by few researchers but randomized case-control study was lacking. Hence, we conducted a case-control study to evaluate the accuracy of patient-specific pre-contoured plate.
  
  
  METHODS
  Prospective randomized case control study was conducted. 21 patients were included. 10 patients were distributed in "case" group and remaining 11 in "control" group.
  
  
  METHODS
  Displaced acetabulum fractures with displacement of ≥3 mm in adults who reported within 3 weeks of injury. Exclusion criteria were: Open fractures, associated Morel-Lavallée lesion and patients with >3 weeks old fracture. In case group, patient-specific real 3D model of fractured acetabulum was generated using rapid prototyping technology and plates were contoured pre-operatively. Control group was treated using intra-operative contoured plates. Both the groups were compared using parameters: Blood loss, Surgery time, post-operative reduction on X-ray, post-surgical residual displacement and reduction achieved as evaluated by CT scan.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Reduced blood loss (100 ml less in case group) and surgical time (12 min less in case group) and better post-operative reduction were observed in case than control. In control group, 4 patients even had step of 2-3 mm, which was not seen in case group. All the pre-contoured plates fitted well to the pelvis intra-operatively. Reduction achieved as evaluated by CT was more in "case" group with statistically significant outcomes (p < 0.05).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Patient-specific pre-contoured plate made using 3D model is a better implant than intra-operatively contoured plate. Real-time 3D pelvis model is an accurate technique for pre-operative planning in acetabular fractures.
authors: Maulana Azad Medical College, Delhi, India.
authors: L
authors: L
authors: Maini
authors: Maulana Azad Medical College, Delhi, India. dramite31@gmail.com.|, E-31, Radha Kunj, Brij Vihar, Ghaziabad, Uttar Pradesh, 201011, India. dramite31@gmail.com.
authors: A
authors: A
authors: Sharma
authors: Indian Institute of Technology, Delhi, India.
authors: S
authors: S
authors: Jha
authors: Maulana Azad Medical College, Delhi, India.
authors: A
authors: A
authors: Sharma
authors: Maulana Azad Medical College, Delhi, India.
authors: A
authors: A
authors: Tiwari
mesh_terms: D000077:Acetabulum / Q000293:injuries* / Q000601:surgery; D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D001860:Bone Plates; D005260:Female; D005593:Fracture Fixation, Internal; D050723:Fractures, Bone / Q000601:surgery*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D008953:Models, Anatomic; D011300:Preoperative Care; D066330:Printing, Three-Dimensional; D011446:Prospective Studies; D011474:Prosthesis Design; D014057:Tomography, X-Ray Computed; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D055815:Young Adult
keywords: Acetabulum fracture; Patient specific; Pre-contoured; Rapid prototyping; Reconstruction plate; Three-dimensional printing