title: Effects of 14-day oral low dose selenium nanoparticles and selenite in rat-as determined by metabolite pattern determination.
abstract: Selenium (Se) is an essential element with a small difference between physiological and toxic doses. To provide more effective and safe Se dosing regimens, as compared to dosing with ionic selenium, nanoparticle formulations have been developed. However, due to the nano-formulation, unexpected toxic effects may occur. We used metabolite pattern determination in urine to investigate biological and/or toxic effects in rats administered nanoparticles and for comparison included ionic selenium at an equimolar dose in the form of sodium selenite. Low doses of 10 and 100 fold the recommended human high level were employed to study the effects at borderline toxicity. Evaluations of all significantly changed putative metabolites, showed that Se nanoparticles and sodium selenite induced similar dose dependent changes of the metabolite pattern. Putative identified metabolites included increased decenedioic acid and hydroxydecanedioic acid for both Se formulations whereas dipeptides were only increased for selenite. These effects could reflect altered fatty acid and protein metabolism, respectively.
authors: Division of Toxicology and Risk Assessment, National Food Institute, Technical University of Denmark , Søborg , Denmark.
authors: Niels
authors: N
authors: Hadrup
authors: Division for Food Technology, National Food Institute, Technical University of Denmark , Søborg , Denmark.
authors: Katrin
authors: K
authors: Loeschner
authors: Division of Food Chemistry, National Food Institute, Technical University of Denmark , Søborg , Denmark.
authors: Kasper
authors: K
authors: Skov
authors: Division for Diet, Disease Prevention and Toxicology, National Food Institute, Technical University of Denmark , Søborg , Denmark.
authors: Gitte
authors: G
authors: Ravn-Haren
authors: Division of Food Chemistry, National Food Institute, Technical University of Denmark , Søborg , Denmark.
authors: Erik H
authors: EH
authors: Larsen
authors: Division of Toxicology and Risk Assessment, National Food Institute, Technical University of Denmark, Søborg, Denmark; National Research Centre for the Working Environment, Copenhagen, Denmark.
authors: Alicja
authors: A
authors: Mortensen
authors: Department for Environment and Toxicology, DHI , Hørshom , Denmark.
authors: Henrik R
authors: HR
authors: Lam
authors: Division of Food Chemistry, National Food Institute, Technical University of Denmark , Søborg , Denmark.
authors: Henrik L
authors: HL
authors: Frandsen
keywords: Metabolomic pattern recognition; Metabolomics; Nanoparticle; Pharmacology; Selenium; Toxicology