title: Safety Precautions and Operating Procedures in an (A)BSL-4 Laboratory: 4. Medical Imaging Procedures.
abstract: Medical imaging using animal models for human diseases has been utilized for decades; however, until recently, medical imaging of diseases induced by high-consequence pathogens has not been possible. In 2014, the National Institutes of Health, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, Integrated Research Facility at Fort Detrick opened an Animal Biosafety Level 4 (ABSL-4) facility to assess the clinical course and pathology of infectious diseases in experimentally infected animals. Multiple imaging modalities including computed tomography (CT), magnetic resonance imaging, positron emission tomography, and single photon emission computed tomography are available to researchers for these evaluations. The focus of this article is to describe the workflow for safely obtaining a CT image of a live guinea pig in an ABSL-4 facility. These procedures include animal handling, anesthesia, and preparing and monitoring the animal until recovery from sedation. We will also discuss preparing the imaging equipment, performing quality checks, communication methods from "hot side" (containing pathogens) to "cold side," and moving the animal from the holding room to the imaging suite.
authors: Integrated Research Facility at Frederick, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID), National Institutes of Health (NIH).
authors: Russell
authors: R
authors: Byrum
authors: Integrated Research Facility at Frederick, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID), National Institutes of Health (NIH).
authors: Lauren
authors: L
authors: Keith
authors: Integrated Research Facility at Frederick, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID), National Institutes of Health (NIH).
authors: Christopher
authors: C
authors: Bartos
authors: Integrated Research Facility at Frederick, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID), National Institutes of Health (NIH).
authors: Marisa
authors: M
authors: St Claire
authors: Integrated Research Facility at Frederick, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID), National Institutes of Health (NIH).
authors: Matthew G
authors: MG
authors: Lackemeyer
authors: Integrated Research Facility at Frederick, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID), National Institutes of Health (NIH).
authors: Michael R
authors: MR
authors: Holbrook
authors: Integrated Research Facility at Frederick, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID), National Institutes of Health (NIH).
authors: Krisztina
authors: K
authors: Janosko
authors: Integrated Research Facility at Frederick, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID), National Institutes of Health (NIH).
authors: Jason
authors: J
authors: Barr
authors: Integrated Research Facility at Frederick, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID), National Institutes of Health (NIH).
authors: Daniela
authors: D
authors: Pusl
authors: Integrated Research Facility at Frederick, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID), National Institutes of Health (NIH).
authors: Laura
authors: L
authors: Bollinger
authors: Integrated Research Facility at Frederick, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID), National Institutes of Health (NIH).
authors: Jiro
authors: J
authors: Wada
authors: Integrated Research Facility at Frederick, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID), National Institutes of Health (NIH).
authors: Linda
authors: L
authors: Coe
authors: Integrated Research Facility at Frederick, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID), National Institutes of Health (NIH).
authors: Lisa E
authors: LE
authors: Hensley
authors: Integrated Research Facility at Frederick, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID), National Institutes of Health (NIH).
authors: Peter B
authors: PB
authors: Jahrling
authors: Integrated Research Facility at Frederick, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID), National Institutes of Health (NIH); kuhnjens@mail.nih.gov.
authors: Jens H
authors: JH
authors: Kuhn
authors: Integrated Research Facility at Frederick, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID), National Institutes of Health (NIH).
authors: Margaret R
authors: MR
authors: Lentz
mesh_terms: D000758:Anesthesia / Q000662:veterinary; D000827:Animal Welfare; D000818:Animals; D003264:Containment of Biohazards; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D006168:Guinea Pigs; D006801:Humans; D007753:Laboratories; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging; D049268:Positron-Emission Tomography; D012449:Safety; D014057:Tomography, X-Ray Computed