title: Natural Aphrodisiacs-A Review of Selected Sexual Enhancers.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The Food and Drug Administration defines an aphrodisiac drug product as "any product that bears labeling claims that it will arouse or increase sexual desire, or that it will improve sexual performance." Presently, there are no approved medications for the treatment of lowered desire for women, and many opt for "natural" products.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  The aim of this article was to review the most popular and currently used aphrodisiac products marketed in the United States. The safety and efficacy of animal- and plant-based aphrodisiacs, vitamins and minerals, and popular over-the-counter combination supplements have been reviewed.
  
  
  METHODS
  An English PubMed literature search was performed using the key words "sexuality," "sex," "aphrodisiac," and "sexual enhancer." Approximately 50 articles were reviewed by the authors. The authors used relevant case series, case-controlled, and randomized clinical trial data.
  
  
  METHODS
  Products were evaluated based on the quality of research, and their known efficacy and safety considerations. Products with low risk and potential benefit for sexual response based on prior research studies were highlighted.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Research has demonstrated that the risks of yohimbine, Spanish fly, mad honey, and Bufo toad may outweigh any benefit, and these products should be avoided. Other products, such as Maca, Tribulus, Ginkgo, and ginseng, have limited but emerging data. Randomized clinical trial data are often lacking, but future research should be performed to further elucidate the efficacy and safety of these products.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Future randomized clinical trials are warranted before health care practitioners can recommend most aphrodisiac products. There remain some medical concerns with drug interactions, purity, reliability, and safety. West E and Krychman M. Natural aphrodisiacs-A review of selected sexual enhancers..
authors: Department of ObGynUniversity of California at IrvineIrvineCAUSA.
authors: Elizabeth
authors: E
authors: West
authors: Southern California Center for Sexual Health and Survivorship MedicineNewport BeachCAUSA. Electronic address: mkrychman@aol.com.
authors: Michael
authors: M
authors: Krychman
keywords: Natural Aphrodisiacs; Sexual Enhancers