title: Development of highly porous biodegradable γ-Fe2O3/polyvinyl alcohol nanofiber mats using electrospinning process for biomedical application.
abstract: The use of electrospinning process in fabricating tissue engineering scaffolds has received great attention in recent years due to its simplicity. The nanofibers produced via electrospinning possessed morphological characteristics similar to extracellular matrix of most tissue components. Porosity plays a vital role in developing tissue engineering scaffolds because it influences the biocompatibility performance of the scaffolds. In this study, maghemite (γ-Fe2O3) was mixed with polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) and subsequently electrospun to produce nanofibers. Five factors; nanoparticles content, voltage, flow rate, spinning distance, and rotating speed were varied to produce the electrospun nanofibrous mats with high porosity value. Empirical model was developed using response surface methodology to analyze the effect of these factors to the porosity. The results revealed that the optimum porosity (90.85%) was obtained using 5% w/v nanoparticle content, 35kV of voltage, 1.1ml/h volume flow rate of solution, 8cm spinning distance and 2455rpm of rotating speed. The empirical model was verified successfully by performing confirmation experiments. The properties of optimum PVA/γ-Fe2O3nanofiber mats such as fiber diameter, mechanical properties, and contact angle were investigated. In addition, cytocompatibility test, in vitro degradation rate, and MTT assay were also performed. Results revealed that high porosity biodegradable γ-Fe2O3/polyvinyl alcohol nanofiber mats have low mechanical properties but good degradation rates and cytocompatibility properties. Thus, they are suitable for low load bearing biomedical application or soft tissue engineering scaffold.
authors: Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Johor Bahru, Malaysia.
authors: Nor Hasrul Akhmal
authors: NH
authors: Ngadiman
authors: Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Johor Bahru, Malaysia. Electronic address: noordin@fkm.utm.my.
authors: Noordin Mohd
authors: NM
authors: Yusof
authors: Institute of Bioproduct Development, Faculty of Chemical and Energy Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Johor Bahru, Malaysia.
authors: Ani
authors: A
authors: Idris
authors: Institute of Bioproduct Development, Faculty of Chemical and Energy Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Johor Bahru, Malaysia.
authors: Effaliza
authors: E
authors: Misran
authors: Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Johor Bahru, Malaysia.
authors: Denni
authors: D
authors: Kurniawan
mesh_terms: D000704:Analysis of Variance; D001672:Biocompatible Materials / Q000138:chemical synthesis*; D020811:Biomedical Technology / Q000379:methods*; D049109:Cell Proliferation; D002470:Cell Survival; D005290:Ferric Compounds / Q000737:chemistry*; D005347:Fibroblasts / Q000166:cytology / Q000648:ultrastructure; D006801:Humans; D008962:Models, Theoretical; D057139:Nanofibers / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000648:ultrastructure; D010316:Particle Size; D011142:Polyvinyl Alcohol / Q000138:chemical synthesis* / Q000737:chemistry; D016062:Porosity; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D023822:Tissue Engineering / Q000379:methods*
chemical_list: D001672:Biocompatible Materials; D005290:Ferric Compounds; C000499:ferric oxide; D011142:Polyvinyl Alcohol
keywords: Biomaterials; Electrospinning; MTT assay; Magnetic nanoparticle; Porosity; Response surface methodology