title: Junctional kyphosis: how can we detect and monitor it during growth?
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Despite its importance in affecting adult pain, and disability, there is a lack of universal criteria for the diagnosis and evaluation of thoraco-lumbar Junctional Kyphosis (JK) and a gold standard measurement and diagnostic system does not exist. This study aims to verify the sensibility and specificity of clinical, and Formetric surface topography (FST) data in identifying Junctional Kyphosis in respect to the radiographical standard references.
  
  
  METHODS
  Design: This is a cross sectional study from a prospective database started in March 2003. Participants: 38 subjects. Inclusion criteria: Patients selected by age according to Risser score 1, at first visit with lateral x-rays and FST. Diagnostic test used to detect JK:FST criteria: level of thoraco-lumbar inflexion point in percentage compared to the total height of the spine.X-ray criteria: lower limit of thoracic kyphosis below T12. Statistics: sensitivity, specificity, positive (PPV) and negative predictive values (NPV), ROC curve.
  
  
  RESULTS
  FST showed a good reliability in detecting JK: with a threshold of 75 %, PPV was 100 %, NPV was 86 % and the Area Under the Curve was 83 %.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The need for a useful criteria able to characterize JK to allow diagnosis and monitoring of the deformity is still lacking, and further studies will deepen this issue.
authors: ISICO (Italian Scientific Spine Institute), Milan, Italy.
authors: Alessandra
authors: A
authors: Negrini
authors: ISICO (Italian Scientific Spine Institute), Milan, Italy.
authors: Sabrina
authors: S
authors: Donzelli
authors: University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy.
authors: Laura
authors: L
authors: Maserati
authors: ISICO (Italian Scientific Spine Institute), Milan, Italy.
authors: Fabio
authors: F
authors: Zaina
authors: IRCCS Don Gnocchi, Milan, Italy.
authors: Jorge H
authors: JH
authors: Villafañe
authors: University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy ; IRCCS Don Gnocchi, Milan, Italy.
authors: Stefano
authors: S
authors: Negrini