title: Toward Metal-Organic Framework-Based Solar Cells: Enhancing Directional Exciton Transport by Collapsing Three-Dimensional Film Structures.
abstract: Owing to their ability to act as light-harvesting scaffolds, porphyrin-containing metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) are in the forefront of research on the application of highly ordered molecular materials to problems in solar-energy conversion. In this work, solvent-assisted linker exchange (SALE) is performed on a pillared paddlewheel porphyrin containing MOF thin film to collapse a 3D framework to a 2D framework. The change in dimensionality of the framework is confirmed by a decrease in the film thickness, the magnitude of which is in agreement with crystallographic parameters for related bulk materials. Furthermore, NMR spectroscopy performed on the digested sample suggests a similar change in geometry is achieved in bulk MOF samples. The decreased distance between the porphyrin chromophores in the 2D MOF film compared to the 3D film results in enhanced energy transfer through the film. The extent of energy transport was probed by assembling MOF thin film where the outermost layers are palladium porphyrin (P2) units, which act as energy traps and fluorescence quenchers. Steady-state emission spectroscopy together with time-resolved emission spectroscopy indicates that excitons can travel through about 9-11 layers (porphyrin layers) in 2D films, whereas in 3D films energy transfer occurs through no more than about 6-8 layers. The results are difficult to understand if only changes in MOF interlayer spacing are considered but become much more understandable if dipole-dipole coupling distances are considered.
authors: Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University , 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States.
authors: Subhadip
authors: S
authors: Goswami
authors: Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University , 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States.
authors: Lin
authors: L
authors: Ma
authors: Materials Science Division, Argonne National Laboratory , Argonne, Illinois 60439, United States.
authors: Alex B F
authors: AB
authors: Martinson
authors: Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University , 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States.
authors: Michael R
authors: MR
authors: Wasielewski
authors: Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University , 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States.|Department of Chemistry, King Abdulaziz University , Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia.
authors: Omar K
authors: OK
authors: Farha
authors: Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University , 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States.
authors: Joseph T
authors: JT
authors: Hupp
keywords: energy transfer; fluorescence quencher; layer-by-layer; metal−organic framework; postsynthetic modification