title: Environmental and dietary exposure of young children to inorganic trace elements.
abstract: Children are exposed to toxic metals and metalloids via their diet and environment. Our objective was to assess the aggregate chronic exposure of children aged 3-6years, living in France, to As, Cd, Cr, Cu, Mn, Pb, Sb, Sr, and V present in diet, tap water, air, soil and floor dust in the years 2007-2009. Dietary data came from the French Total Diet Study, while concentrations in residential tap water, soil and indoor floor dust came from the 'Plomb-Habitat' nationwide representative survey on children's lead exposure at home. Indoor air concentrations were assumed to be equal to outdoor air concentrations, which were retrieved from regulatory measurements networks. Human exposure factors were retrieved from literature. Data were combined with Monte Carlo simulations. Median exposures were 1.7, 0.3, 10.2, 34.1, 60.3, 0.7, 0.1, 44.3, 1.5 and 95th percentiles were 4.4, 0.5, 15.8, 61.3, 98.3, 2.5, 0.1, 111.1, 2.9μg/kgbw/d for As, Cd, Cr, Cu, Mn, Pb, Sb, Sr, and V respectively. Dietary exposures dominate aggregate exposures, with the notable exception of Pb - for which soils and indoor floor dust ingestion contribute most at the 95th percentile. The strengths of this study are that it aggregates exposures that are often estimated separately, and uses a large amount of representative data. This assessment is limited to main diet and residential exposure, and does not take into account the relative bioavailability of compounds. These results could be used to help target prevention strategies.
authors: EHESP, School of Public Health, Sorbonne Paris Cité, - Avenue du Professeur Léon-Bernard, CS 74312, 35043 Rennes cedex, France; Irset Inserm, UMR 1085-Institut de Recherche sur la Santé, l'Environnement et le Travail, Rennes, France. Electronic address: Philippe.glorennec@ehesp.fr.
authors: Philippe
authors: P
authors: Glorennec
authors: Paris Est University, CSTB - Scientific and Technical Building Centre, Marne la Vallée cedex 2, France; University of South Brittany, UMR 6205, LMBA, F-56000 Vannes, France.
authors: Jean-Paul
authors: JP
authors: Lucas
authors: EHESP, School of Public Health, Sorbonne Paris Cité, - Avenue du Professeur Léon-Bernard, CS 74312, 35043 Rennes cedex, France; Irset Inserm, UMR 1085-Institut de Recherche sur la Santé, l'Environnement et le Travail, Rennes, France; Laboratoire d'Evaluation du Risque Chimique pour le Consommateur (LERCCo), Université Bretagne Loire - Université de Bretagne Occidentale, 6 Av. Victor Le Gorgeu, CS93837, Brest Cedex 3 29238, France.
authors: Anne-Camille
authors: AC
authors: Mercat
authors: Laboratoire d'Evaluation du Risque Chimique pour le Consommateur (LERCCo), Université Bretagne Loire - Université de Bretagne Occidentale, 6 Av. Victor Le Gorgeu, CS93837, Brest Cedex 3 29238, France.
authors: Alain-Claude
authors: AC
authors: Roudot
authors: EHESP, School of Public Health, Sorbonne Paris Cité, - Avenue du Professeur Léon-Bernard, CS 74312, 35043 Rennes cedex, France; Irset Inserm, UMR 1085-Institut de Recherche sur la Santé, l'Environnement et le Travail, Rennes, France.
authors: Barbara
authors: B
authors: Le Bot
mesh_terms: D016902:Air Pollution, Indoor / Q000009:adverse effects; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D000074341:Dietary Exposure / Q000009:adverse effects; D004391:Dust / Q000032:analysis; D004781:Environmental Exposure / Q000009:adverse effects; D004784:Environmental Monitoring / Q000379:methods; D004785:Environmental Pollutants / Q000633:toxicity*; D005260:Female; D005602:France; D000075322:Heavy Metal Poisoning; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D012989:Soil Pollutants / Q000032:analysis / Q000633:toxicity; D014131:Trace Elements / Q000633:toxicity*; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical / Q000032:analysis / Q000633:toxicity
chemical_list: D004391:Dust; D004785:Environmental Pollutants; D012989:Soil Pollutants; D014131:Trace Elements; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical
keywords: Aggregate exposure; Metal; Public health; Residential exposure; Total diet study