title: Calixarene: A Versatile Material for Drug Design and Applications.
abstract: The therapy of various diseases by the drugs entrapped in calixarene derivatives is gaining attraction of researchers nowadays. Calixarenes are macrocyclic nano-baskets which belong to cavitands class of host-guest chemistry. They are the marvelous hosts with distinct hydrophobic three dimensional cavities to entrap and encapsulate biologically active guest drugs. Calixarene and its derivatives develop inclusion complexes with various types of drugs and vitamins for their sustained/targeted release. Calixarene and its derivatives are used as carriers for anti-cancer, anti-convulsant, anti-hypertensive, anthelmentic, anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial and antipsychotic drugs. They are the important biocompatible receptors to improve solubility, chemical reactivity and decrease cytotoxicity of poorly soluble drugs in supramolecular chemistry. This review focuses on the calixarene and its derivatives as the state-of-the-art in host-guest interactions for important drugs. We have also critically evaluated calixarenes for the development of prodrugs.
authors: Department of Chemistry, University of Sargodha, Sargodha 40100. Pakistan.
authors: Muhammad A
authors: MA
authors: Hussain
authors: Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutics, University of Sargodha, Sargodha 40100,. Pakistan.
authors: Muhammad U
authors: MU
authors: Ashraf
authors: Department of Chemistry, University of Sargodha, Sargodha 40100. 0.
authors: Gulzar
authors: G
authors: Muhammad
authors: Institute of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, Johannes Guttenberg University, Duesbergweg 10-14, 55128 Mainz. Germany.
authors: Muhammad N
authors: MN
authors: Tahir
authors: Drug and Herbal Research Center, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, 50300. Malaysia.
authors: Syed N A
authors: SNA
authors: Bukhari
mesh_terms: D000871:Anthelmintics / Q000138:chemical synthesis / Q000737:chemistry; D000890:Anti-Infective Agents / Q000138:chemical synthesis / Q000737:chemistry; D000893:Anti-Inflammatory Agents / Q000138:chemical synthesis / Q000737:chemistry; D000927:Anticonvulsants / Q000138:chemical synthesis / Q000737:chemistry; D000959:Antihypertensive Agents / Q000138:chemical synthesis / Q000737:chemistry; D014150:Antipsychotic Agents / Q000138:chemical synthesis / Q000737:chemistry; D047250:Calixarenes / Q000737:chemistry*; D004337:Drug Carriers / Q000737:chemistry*; D015195:Drug Design; D006801:Humans; D011355:Prodrugs / Q000138:chemical synthesis / Q000737:chemistry
chemical_list: D000871:Anthelmintics; D000890:Anti-Infective Agents; D000893:Anti-Inflammatory Agents; D000927:Anticonvulsants; D000959:Antihypertensive Agents; D014150:Antipsychotic Agents; D004337:Drug Carriers; D011355:Prodrugs; D047250:Calixarenes
keywords: Calixarene; drug design; drug release; medicinal uses; prodrugs; supramolecular