title: Plumbagin and Its Role in Chronic Diseases.
abstract: Plumbagin (5-hydroxy-2-methyl-1,4-naphthoquinone) is a plant-derived naphthoquinones obtained mainly from three families, including Plumbaginaceae, Droseraceae, and Ebenaceae. Plumbagin has exhibited its potential therapeutic benefits on numerous chronic diseases, i.e., breast cancer, non-small cell lung cancer, melanoma, ovarian, squamous cell carcinomas, pancreatic cancer, and prostate cancer. In addition, its anti-inflammatory and antimicrobial activities as well as control of diabetes and cardiovascular diseases have been reported. Thus, plumbagin is a promising agent for development as a new drug for the treatment or control of chronic diseases. Studies on controlled drug release or drug delivery systems have been involved for improvement of its therapeutic efficacy as well as for the reduction of its toxicity. However, most of the recent research information is from in vitro and in vivo studies. Further clinical studies are therefore required for its developments and applications as a novel drug used to treat chronic diseases.
authors: Department of Pharmacognosy and Pharmaceutical Botany, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Prince of Songkla University, Hat-Yai, Songkhla, 90112, Thailand. pharkphoom.p@psu.ac.th.|Excellent Research Laboratory, Phytomedicine and Pharmaceutical Biotechnology Excellence Center, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Prince of Songkla University, Hat-Yai, Songkhla, 90112, Thailand. pharkphoom.p@psu.ac.th.
authors: Pharkphoom
authors: P
authors: Panichayupakaranant
authors: Excellent Research Laboratory, Phytomedicine and Pharmaceutical Biotechnology Excellence Center, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Prince of Songkla University, Hat-Yai, Songkhla, 90112, Thailand.
authors: Md Iftekhar
authors: MI
authors: Ahmad
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000890:Anti-Infective Agents / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000737:chemistry / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D000893:Anti-Inflammatory Agents / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000737:chemistry / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D000972:Antineoplastic Agents, Phytogenic / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000737:chemistry / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D002317:Cardiovascular Agents / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D002908:Chronic Disease / Q000188:drug therapy; D055808:Drug Discovery / Q000379:methods*; D006801:Humans; D007004:Hypoglycemic Agents / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D015394:Molecular Structure; D009285:Naphthoquinones / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000737:chemistry / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D008517:Phytotherapy; D010946:Plants, Medicinal; D015398:Signal Transduction / Q000187:drug effects
chemical_list: D000890:Anti-Infective Agents; D000893:Anti-Inflammatory Agents; D000972:Antineoplastic Agents, Phytogenic; D002317:Cardiovascular Agents; D007004:Hypoglycemic Agents; D009285:Naphthoquinones; C014758:plumbagin
keywords: Anti-inflammation; Anticancer; Antidiabetic; Antimicrobial; Cardiovascular; Chronic diseases; Plumbagin; Toxicity