title: Prevalence and Determinants of Herpes Simplex Virus Type 2 (HSV-2)/Syphilis Co-Infection and HSV-2 Mono-Infection among Human Immunodeficiency Virus Positive Men Who Have Sex with Men: a Cross-Sectional Study in Northeast China.
abstract: This study assessed the prevalence and determinants of herpes simplex virus type 2 (HSV-2)/syphilis co-infection and HSV-2 mono-infection in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-positive men who have sex with men (MSM) in China. A cross-sectional study was conducted of 545 HIV-positive MSM in Shenyang between February 2009 and October 2014. Participants underwent physical examinations and serological tests for HSV-2 and syphilis. A multinomial logistic regression was used to identify the risk factors associated with HSV-2/syphilis co-infection and HSV-2 mono-infection. The prevalence of HSV-2 mono-infection, syphilis mono-infection, and HSV-2/syphilis co-infection (95% confidence interval) was 48.6% (44.4-52.8%), 34.3% (30.3-38.3%), and 22.9% (19.4-26.5%), respectively. After controlling within HSV-2/syphilis-seropositive cases, regression analysis revealed that the related factors for HSV-2/syphilis co-infection included age (25-50 vs. ≤ 24 years: adjusted odds ratio [aOR], 4.55; > 50 vs. ≤ 24 years: aOR, 43.02), having regular female sexual partner(s) in the past 6 months (aOR, 0.43), and age at first MSM experience (≤ 18 vs. > 18 years: aOR, 2.59) (all P < 0.05). The high prevalence of HSV-2 mono infection and HSV-2/syphilis co-infection in HIV-positive MSM indicates a high secondary HIV transmission risk. A campaign for detection and treatment of HSV-2 and syphilis is urgently required for HIV-positive MSM in China.
authors: Key Laboratory of AIDS Immunology of National Health and Family Planning Commission, Department of Laboratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital, China Medical University.|Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases.
authors: Qing-Hai
authors: QH
authors: Hu
authors: Key Laboratory of AIDS Immunology of National Health and Family Planning Commission, Department of Laboratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital, China Medical University.|Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases.
authors: Jun-Jie
authors: JJ
authors: Xu
authors: Key Laboratory of AIDS Immunology of National Health and Family Planning Commission, Department of Laboratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital, China Medical University.|Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases.
authors: Zhen-Xing
authors: ZX
authors: Chu
authors: Key Laboratory of AIDS Immunology of National Health and Family Planning Commission, Department of Laboratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital, China Medical University.|Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases.
authors: Jing
authors: J
authors: Zhang
authors: Key Laboratory of AIDS Immunology of National Health and Family Planning Commission, Department of Laboratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital, China Medical University.|Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases.
authors: Yan-Qiu
authors: YQ
authors: Yu
authors: Key Laboratory of AIDS Immunology of National Health and Family Planning Commission, Department of Laboratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital, China Medical University.|Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases.
authors: Huan
authors: H
authors: Yu
authors: Key Laboratory of AIDS Immunology of National Health and Family Planning Commission, Department of Laboratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital, China Medical University.|Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases.
authors: Hai-Bo
authors: HB
authors: Ding
authors: Key Laboratory of AIDS Immunology of National Health and Family Planning Commission, Department of Laboratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital, China Medical University.|Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases.
authors: Yong-Jun
authors: YJ
authors: Jiang
authors: Key Laboratory of AIDS Immunology of National Health and Family Planning Commission, Department of Laboratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital, China Medical University.|Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases.
authors: Wen-Qing
authors: WQ
authors: Geng
authors: Key Laboratory of AIDS Immunology of National Health and Family Planning Commission, Department of Laboratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital, China Medical University.|National Center for AIDS/STD Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention.
authors: Ning
authors: N
authors: Wang
authors: Key Laboratory of AIDS Immunology of National Health and Family Planning Commission, Department of Laboratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital, China Medical University.|Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases.
authors: Hong
authors: H
authors: Shang
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D002681:China / Q000453:epidemiology; D060085:Coinfection / Q000453:epidemiology*; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D015658:HIV Infections / Q000150:complications / Q000453:epidemiology*; D006558:Herpes Genitalis / Q000150:complications / Q000453:epidemiology*; D018451:Homosexuality, Male; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D015995:Prevalence; D012307:Risk Factors; D013587:Syphilis / Q000150:complications / Q000453:epidemiology*; D055815:Young Adult
keywords: herpes simplex virus type 2 (HSV-2); human immunodeficiency virus (HIV); men who have sex with men (MSM); syphilis