title: Early Erythrolysis in the Hematoma After Experimental Intracerebral Hemorrhage.
abstract: Erythrolysis occurs in the clot after intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH), and the release of hemoglobin causes brain injury, but it is unclear when such lysis occurs. The present study examined early erythrolysis in rats. ICH rats had an intracaudate injection of 100 μl autologous blood, and sham rats had a needle insertion. All rats had T2 and T2* magnetic response imaging (MRI) scanning, and brains were used for histology and CD163 (a hemoglobin scavenger receptor) and DARPP-32 (a neuronal marker) immunohistochemistry. There was marked heterogeneity within the hematoma on T2* MRI, with a hyperintense or isointense core and a hypointense periphery. Hematoxylin and eosin staining in the same animals showed significant erythrolysis in the core with the formation of erythrocyte ghosts. The degree of erythrolysis correlated with the severity of perihematomal neuronal loss. Perihematomal CD163 was increased by day 1 after ICH and may be involved in clearing hemoglobin caused by early hemolysis. Furthermore, ICH resulted in more severe erythrolysis, neuronal loss, and perihematomal CD163 upregulation in spontaneously hypertensive rats compared to Wistar-Kyoto rats. In conclusion, T2*MRI-detectable early erythrolysis occurred in the clot after ICH and activated CD163. Hypertension is associated with enhanced erythrolysis in the hematoma.
authors: Department of Neurosurgery, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.|Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.
authors: Ge
authors: G
authors: Dang
authors: Department of Neurosurgery, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.|Department of Neurosurgery, Xijing Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China.
authors: Yuefan
authors: Y
authors: Yang
authors: Department of Neurosurgery, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.
authors: Gang
authors: G
authors: Wu
authors: Department of Neurosurgery, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.
authors: Ya
authors: Y
authors: Hua
authors: Department of Neurosurgery, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.
authors: Richard F
authors: RF
authors: Keep
authors: Department of Neurosurgery, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA. guohuaxi@umich.edu.|R5018 BSRB, University of Michigan, 109 Zina Pitcher Place, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109-2200, USA. guohuaxi@umich.edu.
authors: Guohua
authors: G
authors: Xi
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D015703:Antigens, CD / Q000378:metabolism; D015214:Antigens, Differentiation, Myelomonocytic / Q000378:metabolism; D001253:Astrocytes / Q000378:metabolism; D001479:Basal Ganglia / Q000378:metabolism; D001921:Brain / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000473:pathology* / Q000503:physiopathology*; D016923:Cell Death; D002543:Cerebral Hemorrhage / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000473:pathology*; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D051937:Dopamine and cAMP-Regulated Phosphoprotein 32 / Q000378:metabolism; D006406:Hematoma / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000473:pathology*; D006461:Hemolysis; D008297:Male; D017628:Microglia / Q000378:metabolism; D009474:Neurons / Q000378:metabolism; D051381:Rats; D011921:Rats, Inbred WKY; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D011956:Receptors, Cell Surface / Q000378:metabolism; D015854:Up-Regulation; D000098902:CD163 Antigen
chemical_list: D015703:Antigens, CD; D015214:Antigens, Differentiation, Myelomonocytic; D000098902:CD163 Antigen; D051937:Dopamine and cAMP-Regulated Phosphoprotein 32; C497930:Ppp1r1b protein, rat; D011956:Receptors, Cell Surface
keywords: CD163; Erythrolysis; Hematoma; Hypertension; Intracerebral hemorrhage; T2* magnetic resonance imaging