title: Mangroves as a protection from storm surges in a changing climate.
abstract: Adaptation to climate change includes addressing sea-level rise (SLR) and increased storm surges in many coastal areas. Mangroves can substantially reduce vulnerability of the adjacent coastal land from inundation but SLR poses a threat to the future of mangroves. This paper quantifies coastal protection services of mangroves for 42 developing countries in the current climate, and a future climate change scenario with a 1-m SLR and 10  % intensification of storms. Findings demonstrate that while SLR and increased storm intensity would increase storm surge areas, the greatest impact is from the expected loss of mangroves. Under current climate and mangrove coverage, 3.5 million people and GDP worth roughly US $400 million are at risk. In the future climate change scenario, vulnerable population and GDP at risk would increase by 103 and 233  %. The greatest risk is in East Asia, especially in Indonesia and the Philippines as well as Myanmar.
authors: World Bank, 1818 H Street, Washington, DC, 20433, USA. bblankespoor@worldbank.org.
authors: Brian
authors: http://orcid.org/0000-0003-1806-8129
authors: B
authors: Blankespoor
authors: World Bank, 1818 H Street, Washington, DC, 20433, USA.
authors: Susmita
authors: S
authors: Dasgupta
authors: World Bank, 1818 H Street, Washington, DC, 20433, USA.
authors: Glenn-Marie
authors: GM
authors: Lange
mesh_terms: D057231:Climate Change; D003247:Conservation of Natural Resources; D055867:Cyclonic Storms; D014329:Tropical Climate; D053833:Wetlands
keywords: Climate change; Coastal protection; Mangroves; Storm surge