title: Development of LiCl-containing calcium aluminate cement for bone repair and remodeling applications.
abstract: The effect of LiCl additions on the in vitro bioactivity, hemolysis, cytotoxicity, compressive strength and setting time of calcium aluminate cements was studied. Calcium aluminate clinker (AC) was obtained via solid state reaction from reagent grade chemicals of CaCO3and Al2O3. Calcium aluminate cements (CAC) were prepared by mixing the clinker with water or aqueous LiCl solutions (0.01, 0.0125 or 0.015M (M)) using a w/c ratio of 0.4. After 21days of immersion in a simulated body fluid (SBF) at physiological conditions of temperature and pH, a Ca-P rich layer, identified as hydroxyapatite (HA), was formed on the cement without LiCl and on the cement prepared with 0.01M of LiCl solution. This indicates the high bioactivity of these cements. The cements setting times were significantly reduced using LiCl. The measured hemolysis percentages, all of them lower than 5%, indicated that the cements were not hemolytic. The compressive strength of the cements was not negatively affected by the LiCl additions. The obtained cement when a solution of LiCl 0.010M was added, presented high compressive strength, appropriated bioactivity, no cytotoxicity and low setting time, making this material a potentially bone cement.
authors: CINVESTAV-IPN Unidad Saltillo, Ave. Industria Metalúrgica No. 1062, Parque Industrial Saltillo-Ramos Arizpe, Ramos Arizpe, Coah. CP 25900, Mexico.
authors: I O
authors: IO
authors: Acuña-Gutiérrez
authors: CINVESTAV-IPN Unidad Saltillo, Ave. Industria Metalúrgica No. 1062, Parque Industrial Saltillo-Ramos Arizpe, Ramos Arizpe, Coah. CP 25900, Mexico. Electronic address: jose.escobedo@cinvestav.edu.mx.
authors: J C
authors: JC
authors: Escobedo-Bocardo
authors: CINVESTAV-IPN Unidad Saltillo, Ave. Industria Metalúrgica No. 1062, Parque Industrial Saltillo-Ramos Arizpe, Ramos Arizpe, Coah. CP 25900, Mexico.
authors: J M
authors: JM
authors: Almanza-Robles
authors: CINVESTAV-IPN Unidad Saltillo, Ave. Industria Metalúrgica No. 1062, Parque Industrial Saltillo-Ramos Arizpe, Ramos Arizpe, Coah. CP 25900, Mexico.
authors: D A
authors: DA
authors: Cortés-Hernández
authors: CINVESTAV-IPN Unidad Saltillo, Ave. Industria Metalúrgica No. 1062, Parque Industrial Saltillo-Ramos Arizpe, Ramos Arizpe, Coah. CP 25900, Mexico.
authors: M M G
authors: MM
authors: Saldívar-Ramírez
authors: CINVESTAV-IPN Unidad Saltillo, Ave. Industria Metalúrgica No. 1062, Parque Industrial Saltillo-Ramos Arizpe, Ramos Arizpe, Coah. CP 25900, Mexico.
authors: P J
authors: PJ
authors: Reséndiz-Hernández
authors: Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Autónoma de Coahuila, Blvd. V. Carranza y José Cárdenas, Saltillo, Coah. CP 25280, Mexico.
authors: A
authors: A
authors: Zugasti-Cruz
mesh_terms: D017607:Aluminum Compounds / Q000494:pharmacology*; D000818:Animals; D001826:Body Fluids / Q000737:chemistry; D001843:Bone Cements / Q000494:pharmacology*; D001861:Bone Regeneration / Q000187:drug effects*; D016723:Bone Remodeling / Q000187:drug effects*; D017610:Calcium Compounds / Q000494:pharmacology*; D002452:Cell Count; D002460:Cell Line; D002470:Cell Survival / Q000187:drug effects; D019245:Compressive Strength; D006461:Hemolysis / Q000187:drug effects; D006801:Humans; D018021:Lithium Chloride / Q000494:pharmacology*; D051379:Mice; D012996:Solutions; D013052:Spectrometry, X-Ray Emission; D013314:Stress, Mechanical; D013696:Temperature; D013997:Time Factors; D014961:X-Ray Diffraction
chemical_list: D017607:Aluminum Compounds; D001843:Bone Cements; D017610:Calcium Compounds; D012996:Solutions; C035219:calcium aluminate; D018021:Lithium Chloride
keywords: Bioactive cements; Bone cements; Calcium aluminate; Hydroxyapatite