title: Changes of Regulatory T Cells and of Proinflammatory and Immunosuppressive Cytokines in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.
abstract: Objective. The aim of this study was to investigate the changes of regulatory T cells (Treg), interleukin-6 (IL-6), IL-10, transforming growth factor-β(TGF-β), and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM).Methods. We performed a comprehensive search up to July 2016 for all clinical studies about the changes of Treg, IL-6, IL-10, IL-17, TGF-β, and TNF-αin T2DM patients versus healthy controls.Results. A total of 91 articles (5642 cases and 7378 controls) were included for this meta-analysis. Compared with the controls (allp< 0.001), the patients had increased serum levels of IL-6, TGF-β, and TNF-αbut decreased the percentage of peripheral CD4+CD25+Foxp3+Treg and serum IL-10 level. Furthermore, the percentage of peripheral CD4+CD25+Foxp3+Treg (p< 0.001) and serum IL-10 level (p= 0.033) were significantly lower in the patients with complication and in the patients without complication, respectively. No significant changes about the percentage of CD4+CD25+Treg (p= 0.360) and serum IL-17 level (p= 0.459) were found in T2DM patients.Conclusions. T2DM patients have decreased the percentage of peripheral CD4+CD25+Foxp3+Treg and levels of serum IL-10 but elevated serum levels of IL-6, TGF-β, and TNF-α. Presence of diabetic complications further lowers the peripheral CD4+CD25+Foxp3+Treg number.
authors: Diabetic Systems Medicine, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Excellence, Guilin Medical University, Guilin 541004, China; Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410078, China.
authors: Yong-Chao
authors: 0000-0003-4877-899X
authors: YC
authors: Qiao
authors: Diabetic Systems Medicine, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Excellence, Guilin Medical University, Guilin 541004, China.
authors: Jian
authors: J
authors: Shen
authors: Department of Microbiology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong.
authors: Lan
authors: L
authors: He
authors: Diabetic Systems Medicine, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Excellence, Guilin Medical University, Guilin 541004, China.
authors: Xue-Zhi
authors: XZ
authors: Hong
authors: Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410078, China.
authors: Fang
authors: F
authors: Tian
authors: Diabetic Systems Medicine, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Excellence, Guilin Medical University, Guilin 541004, China.
authors: Yan-Hong
authors: YH
authors: Pan
authors: Diabetic Systems Medicine, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Excellence, Guilin Medical University, Guilin 541004, China.
authors: Ling
authors: L
authors: Liang
authors: Diabetic Systems Medicine, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Excellence, Guilin Medical University, Guilin 541004, China; Department of Immunology, Faculty of Basic Medicine, Guilin Medical University, Guilin 541004, China.
authors: Xiao-Xi
authors: 0000-0001-8406-4113
authors: XX
authors: Zhang
authors: Diabetic Systems Medicine, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Excellence, Guilin Medical University, Guilin 541004, China; Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410078, China; Department of Immunology, Faculty of Basic Medicine, Guilin Medical University, Guilin 541004, China.
authors: Hai-Lu
authors: 0000-0001-6670-3604
authors: HL
authors: Zhao
mesh_terms: D016207:Cytokines / Q000276:immunology*; D003924:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / Q000276:immunology*; D006801:Humans; D016753:Interleukin-10 / Q000276:immunology; D020381:Interleukin-17 / Q000276:immunology; D015850:Interleukin-6 / Q000276:immunology; D050378:T-Lymphocytes, Regulatory / Q000276:immunology*; D016212:Transforming Growth Factor beta / Q000276:immunology; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000276:immunology
chemical_list: D016207:Cytokines; C508609:IL10 protein, human; C508600:IL6 protein, human; D020381:Interleukin-17; D015850:Interleukin-6; C439524:TNF protein, human; D016212:Transforming Growth Factor beta; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha; D016753:Interleukin-10