title: Cell-free and circulating tumor cell-based biomarkers in men with metastatic prostate cancer: Tools for real-time precision medicine?
abstract: The recent expansion of therapeutic options for the treatment of metastatic prostate cancer highlights the need for precision medicine approaches to enable the rational selection of appropriate therapies for individual patients. In this context, circulating biomarkers in the peripheral blood are attractive as readily accessible tools for predicting and monitoring therapeutic response. In the case of circulating tumor cells and circulating tumor DNA, they may also serve as a noninvasive means of assessing molecular aberrations in tumors at multiple time points before and during therapy. These so-called "liquid biopsies" can provide a snapshot view of tumor molecular architecture and may enable clinicians to monitor the molecular status of tumors as they evolve during treatment, thus allowing for individualized precision therapeutic decisions for patients over time. In this review, we outline recent progress in the field of circulating biomarkers in metastatic prostate cancer and evaluate their potential for enabling this vision of real-time precision medicine.
authors: Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, Boston, MA; Department of Radiation Oncology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA; Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA. Electronic address: dmiyamoto@mgh.harvard.edu.
authors: David T
authors: DT
authors: Miyamoto
authors: Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, Boston, MA; Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA; Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA.
authors: Richard J
authors: RJ
authors: Lee
mesh_terms: D000230:Adenocarcinoma / Q000097:blood / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000235:genetics / Q000556:secondary*; D000971:Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols / Q000627:therapeutic use; D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor / Q000097:blood*; D002986:Clinical Trials as Topic; D003199:Computer Systems; D004273:DNA, Neoplasm / Q000097:blood*; D018628:Gene Dosage; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D015337:Multicenter Studies as Topic; D009154:Mutation; D009363:Neoplasm Proteins / Q000097:blood / Q000235:genetics; D009360:Neoplastic Cells, Circulating / Q000737:chemistry*; D057285:Precision Medicine / Q000379:methods* / Q000639:trends; D011379:Prognosis; D011471:Prostatic Neoplasms / Q000097:blood* / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000235:genetics; D011944:Receptors, Androgen / Q000097:blood / Q000235:genetics; D059010:Single-Cell Analysis; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: C410798:AR protein, human; D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor; D004273:DNA, Neoplasm; D009363:Neoplasm Proteins; D011944:Receptors, Androgen
keywords: AR; CTCs; Circulating biomarkers; Prostate cancer; ctDNA