title: Post-injury bladder management strategy influences lower urinary tract dysfunction in the mouse model of spinal cord injury.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To examine the effects of a different number of daily bladder squeezes on bladder dysfunction in mice with spinal cord injury (SCI).
  
  
  METHODS
  Spinal cord was transected at the Th8/9 in female C57BL/6N mice. Their bladders were manually squeezed to eliminate urine inside every day for 4 weeks. The mice were divided into three groups depending on the number of bladder squeezes; A: once daily, B: twice daily, C: three times daily. Four weeks after transection, single-filling cystometry were performed under an awake condition. NGF in the bladder mucosa and mRNA expression of P2X receptors and TRP channels in L6/S1 dorsal root ganglia (DRG) were measured.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Bladder weight in group C was less than that of group A. Bladder capacity, post-void residual, and the number of non-voiding contractions during the storage phase were significantly larger in group A compared to group B or C. The level of NGF in groups C were lower compared to group A or B. The expression of P2X3 and TRPA1 in groups B and C was decreased compared to group A. The expression of P2X2 was decreased in groups B compared to group A.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The post-injury bladder management after SCI with an increased number of daily bladder emptying improves the storage and voiding bladder dysfunction associated with the reduction of NGF in the bladder as well as P2X and TRP transcripts in lumbosacral DRG.
authors: Department of Urology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania.|Department of Renal and Urologic Surgery, Asahikawa Medical University, Asahikawa, Japan.
authors: Naoki
authors: N
authors: Wada
authors: Department of Urology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania.
authors: Takahiro
authors: T
authors: Shimizu
authors: Department of Urology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania.
authors: Shun
authors: S
authors: Takai
authors: Department of Urology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania.
authors: Nobutaka
authors: N
authors: Shimizu
authors: Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania.
authors: Anthony J
authors: AJ
authors: Kanai
authors: Department of Urology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania.
authors: Pradeep
authors: P
authors: Tyagi
authors: Department of Renal and Urologic Surgery, Asahikawa Medical University, Asahikawa, Japan.
authors: Hidehiro
authors: H
authors: Kakizaki
authors: Department of Urology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania.
authors: Naoki
authors: N
authors: Yoshimura
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D005260:Female; D005727:Ganglia, Spinal / Q000503:physiopathology*; D051379:Mice; D008810:Mice, Inbred C57BL; D013119:Spinal Cord Injuries / Q000150:complications / Q000503:physiopathology*; D001745:Urinary Bladder Diseases / Q000209:etiology / Q000503:physiopathology*; D014554:Urination / Q000502:physiology
keywords: management; mouse; neurogenic bladder; spinal cord injury