title: Validation of the FASH (Functional Assessment Scale for Acute Hamstring Injuries) questionnaire for German-speaking football players.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The FASH (Functional Assessment Scale for Acute Hamstring Injuries) questionnaire has been recently developed as a disease-specific self-administered questionnaire for use in Greek, English, and German languages. Its psychometric qualities (validity and reliability) were tested only in Greek-speaking patients mainly representing track and field athletes. As hamstring injuries represent the most common football injury, we tested the validity and reliability of the FASH-G (G = German version) questionnaire in German-speaking footballers suffering from acute hamstring injuries.
  
  
  METHODS
  The FASH-G questionnaire was tested for reliability and validity, in 16 footballers with hamstring injuries (patients' group), 77 asymptomatic footballers (healthy group), and 19 field hockey players (at-risk group). Known-group validity was tested by comparing the total FASH-G scores of the injured and non-injured groups. Reliability of the FASH-G questionnaire was analysed in 18 asymptomatic footballers using the intra-class coefficient.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Known-group validity was demonstrated by significant differences between injured and non-injured participants (p < 0.001). The FASH-G exhibited very good test-retest reliability (intra-class correlation coefficient = 0.982, p < 0.001). Internal consistency was excellent (α = 0.938). Compared with the results presented in the original publication, no statistical differences were found between healthy athletes (p = 0.257), but patients' groups and at-risk groups presented scoring differences (p = 0.040 and <0.001, respectively).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The FASH-G is a valid and reliable instrument to assess and determine the severity of hamstring injuries in German footballers.
authors: Institute for Sport and Sport Sciences, Albert-Ludwigs-Universität Freiburg i. Brsg, Schwarzwaldstraße 175, 79117, Freiburg, Germany. heinz@heinz-lohrer.de.|European SportsCare Network (ESN), Zentrum für Sportorthopädie, Borsigstrasse 2, 65205, Wiesbaden-Nordenstadt, Germany. heinz@heinz-lohrer.de.|European SportsCare, Harley Street 68, London, W1G 7HE, UK. heinz@heinz-lohrer.de.
authors: Heinz
authors: http://orcid.org/0000-0001-5949-4867
authors: H
authors: Lohrer
authors: European SportsCare Network (ESN), Zentrum für Sportorthopädie, Borsigstrasse 2, 65205, Wiesbaden-Nordenstadt, Germany.|European SportsCare, Harley Street 68, London, W1G 7HE, UK.
authors: Tanja
authors: T
authors: Nauck
authors: Aspetar, Orthopaedic and Sports Medicine Hospital, Sport City Street, P.O. Box 29222, Doha, Qatar.|Institute for Postgraduate Studies in Manual Therapy, 111528, Athens, Greece.
authors: Vasileios
authors: V
authors: Korakakis
authors: European SportsCare, Harley Street 68, London, W1G 7HE, UK.|Thessaloniki Sports and Exercise Medicine Clinic, Asklipiou 17, Thessaloniki, 54639, Greece.|National Track and Field Centre, Sports Medicine Clinic of S.E.G.A.S.,Kautatzoglion Stadion, Agiou Dimitriou 100, 54636, Thessaloniki, Greece.|Sports Clinic, Rheumatology Department, Barts Health NHS Trust, Bancroft Road, London, E1 4DG, UK.|Centre for Sports and Exercise Medicine, Queen Mary University of London, Bancroft Road, London, E1 4DG, UK.
authors: Nikos
authors: N
authors: Malliaropoulos
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D005080:Exercise Test / Q000379:methods; D005240:Feasibility Studies; D005260:Female; D005858:Germany; D000070633:Hamstring Muscles / Q000293:injuries*; D000070632:Hamstring Tendons / Q000293:injuries*; D006801:Humans; D007802:Language; D008297:Male; D011594:Psychometrics; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D012916:Soccer / Q000293:injuries*; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D013708:Tendon Injuries / Q000175:diagnosis*; D015599:Trauma Severity Indices; D055815:Young Adult
keywords: Disability; Exercise testing; FASH; Hamstring; Injuries; Questionnaire; Validity testing