title: 5L-Scale Magnesio-Milling Reduction of Nanostructured SiO2for High Capacity Silicon Anodes in Lithium-Ion Batteries.
abstract: Nanostructured silicon (Si) is useful in many applications and has typically been synthesized by bottom-up colloid-based solution processes or top-down gas phase reactions at high temperatures. These methods, however, suffer from toxic precursors, low yields, and impractical processing conditions (i.e., high pressure). The magnesiothermic reduction of silicon oxide (SiO2) has also been introduced as an alternative method. Here, we demonstrate the reduction of SiO2by a simple milling process using a lab-scale planetary-ball mill and industry-scale attrition-mill. Moreover, an ignition point where the reduction begins was consistently observed for the milling processes, which could be used to accurately monitor and control the reaction. The complete conversion of rice husk SiO2to high purity Si was demonstrated, taking advantage of the rice husk's uniform nanoporosity and global availability, using a 5L-scale attrition-mill. The resulting porous Si showed excellent performance as a Li-ion battery anode, retaining 82.8% of the initial capacity of 1466 mAh g-1after 200 cycles.
authors: Korea Institute of Energy Research (KIER) , 152 Gajeong-ro, Yuesong-gu, Daejeon 34129, Republic of Korea.|Department of Advanced Energy and Technology, Korea University of Science and Technology , 217 Gajeong-ro, Yuesong-gu, Daejeon 34113, Republic of Korea.
authors: Won Chul
authors: WC
authors: Cho
authors: Graduate School of Energy, Environment, Water, and Sustainability (EEWS) and KAIST Institute NanoCentury, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST) , 291 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea.
authors: Hye Jin
authors: HJ
authors: Kim
authors: Korea Institute of Energy Research (KIER) , 152 Gajeong-ro, Yuesong-gu, Daejeon 34129, Republic of Korea.
authors: Hae In
authors: HI
authors: Lee
authors: Korea Institute of Energy Research (KIER) , 152 Gajeong-ro, Yuesong-gu, Daejeon 34129, Republic of Korea.|Department of Advanced Energy and Technology, Korea University of Science and Technology , 217 Gajeong-ro, Yuesong-gu, Daejeon 34113, Republic of Korea.
authors: Myung Won
authors: MW
authors: Seo
authors: Korea Institute of Energy Research (KIER) , 152 Gajeong-ro, Yuesong-gu, Daejeon 34129, Republic of Korea.
authors: Ho Won
authors: HW
authors: Ra
authors: Korea Institute of Energy Research (KIER) , 152 Gajeong-ro, Yuesong-gu, Daejeon 34129, Republic of Korea.|Department of Advanced Energy and Technology, Korea University of Science and Technology , 217 Gajeong-ro, Yuesong-gu, Daejeon 34113, Republic of Korea.
authors: Sang Jun
authors: SJ
authors: Yoon
authors: Korea Institute of Energy Research (KIER) , 152 Gajeong-ro, Yuesong-gu, Daejeon 34129, Republic of Korea.
authors: Tae Young
authors: TY
authors: Mun
authors: Korea Institute of Energy Research (KIER) , 152 Gajeong-ro, Yuesong-gu, Daejeon 34129, Republic of Korea.
authors: Yong Ku
authors: YK
authors: Kim
authors: Korea Institute of Energy Research (KIER) , 152 Gajeong-ro, Yuesong-gu, Daejeon 34129, Republic of Korea.|Department of Advanced Energy and Technology, Korea University of Science and Technology , 217 Gajeong-ro, Yuesong-gu, Daejeon 34113, Republic of Korea.
authors: Jae Ho
authors: JH
authors: Kim
authors: Korea Institute of Energy Research (KIER) , 152 Gajeong-ro, Yuesong-gu, Daejeon 34129, Republic of Korea.
authors: Bo Hwa
authors: BH
authors: Kim
authors: Korea Institute of Energy Research (KIER) , 152 Gajeong-ro, Yuesong-gu, Daejeon 34129, Republic of Korea.
authors: Jin Woo
authors: JW
authors: Kook
authors: Korea Institute of Energy Research (KIER) , 152 Gajeong-ro, Yuesong-gu, Daejeon 34129, Republic of Korea.
authors: Chung-Yul
authors: CY
authors: Yoo
authors: Korea Institute of Energy Research (KIER) , 152 Gajeong-ro, Yuesong-gu, Daejeon 34129, Republic of Korea.|Department of Advanced Energy and Technology, Korea University of Science and Technology , 217 Gajeong-ro, Yuesong-gu, Daejeon 34113, Republic of Korea.
authors: Jae Goo
authors: JG
authors: Lee
authors: Graduate School of Energy, Environment, Water, and Sustainability (EEWS) and KAIST Institute NanoCentury, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST) , 291 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea.
authors: Jang Wook
authors: JW
authors: Choi
keywords: attrition mill; ignition time; lithium-ion battery; magnesio-milling reduction; silicon anode