title: Roles for Intestinal Bacteria, Viruses, and Fungi in Pathogenesis of Inflammatory Bowel Diseases and Therapeutic Approaches.
abstract: Intestinal microbiota are involved in the pathogenesis of Crohn's disease, ulcerative colitis, and pouchitis. We review the mechanisms by which these gut bacteria, fungi, and viruses mediate mucosal homeostasis via their composite genes (metagenome) and metabolic products (metabolome). We explain how alterations to their profiles and functions under conditions of dysbiosis contribute to inflammation and effector immune responses that mediate inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD) in humans and enterocolitis in mice. It could be possible to engineer the intestinal environment by modifying the microbiota community structure or function to treat patients with IBD-either with individual agents, via dietary management, or as adjuncts to immunosuppressive drugs. We summarize the latest information on therapeutic use of fecal microbial transplantation and propose improved strategies to selectively normalize the dysbiotic microbiome in personalized approaches to treatment.
authors: Departments of Medicine, Microbiology and Immunology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina. Electronic address: rbs@med.unc.edu.
authors: R Balfour
authors: RB
authors: Sartor
authors: Division of Gastroenterology, Perelman School of Medicine, the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. Electronic address: gdwu@mail.med.upenn.edu.
authors: Gary D
authors: GD
authors: Wu
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001419:Bacteria / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D003093:Colitis, Ulcerative / Q000378:metabolism / Q000382:microbiology; D003424:Crohn Disease / Q000378:metabolism / Q000382:microbiology; D064806:Dysbiosis / Q000378:metabolism / Q000382:microbiology*; D005658:Fungi / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D000069196:Gastrointestinal Microbiome / Q000235:genetics*; D006801:Humans; D015212:Inflammatory Bowel Diseases / Q000378:metabolism / Q000382:microbiology*; D055442:Metabolome; D054892:Metagenome; D019449:Pouchitis / Q000378:metabolism / Q000382:microbiology; D014780:Viruses / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism
keywords: Dysbiosis; Fecal Transplant; Personalized Therapy; Viruses