title: Extraction of Structural Extracellular Polymeric Substances from Aerobic Granular Sludge.
abstract: To evaluate and develop methodologies for the extraction of gel-forming extracellular polymeric substances (EPS), EPS from aerobic granular sludge (AGS) was extracted using six different methods (centrifugation, sonication, ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA), formamide with sodium hydroxide (NaOH), formaldehyde with NaOH and sodium carbonate (Na2CO3) with heat and constant mixing). AGS was collected from a pilot wastewater treatment reactor. The ionic gel-forming property of the extracted EPS of the six different extraction methods was tested with calcium ions (Ca2+). From the six extraction methods used, only the Na2CO3 extraction could solubilize the hydrogel matrix of AGS. The alginate-like extracellular polymers (ALE) recovered with this method formed ionic gel beads with Ca2+. The Ca2+-ALE beads were stable in EDTA, formamide with NaOH and formaldehyde with NaOH, indicating that ALE are one part of the structural polymers in EPS. It is recommended to use an extraction method that combines physical and chemical treatment to solubilize AGS and extract structural EPS.
authors: Department of Biotechnology, Delft University of Technology.
authors: Simon
authors: S
authors: Felz
authors: Department of Biotechnology, Delft University of Technology.
authors: Salah
authors: S
authors: Al-Zuhairy
authors: Department of Biotechnology, Norwegian Biopolymer Laboratory (NOBIPOL), Norwegian University of Science and Technology.
authors: Olav Andreas
authors: OA
authors: Aarstad
authors: Department of Biotechnology, Delft University of Technology.
authors: Mark C M
authors: MC
authors: van Loosdrecht
authors: Department of Biotechnology, Delft University of Technology; yuemei.lin@tudelft.nl.
authors: Yue Mei
authors: YM
authors: Lin
mesh_terms: D005557:Formaldehyde; D006358:Hot Temperature; D011108:Polymers; D012722:Sewage; D012972:Sodium Hydroxide; D014865:Waste Disposal, Fluid / Q000379:methods
chemical_list: D011108:Polymers; D012722:Sewage; D005557:Formaldehyde; D012972:Sodium Hydroxide