title: Genomic heterogeneity of multiple synchronous lung cancer.
abstract: Multiple synchronous lung cancers (MSLCs) present a clinical dilemma as to whether individual tumours represent intrapulmonary metastases or independent tumours. In this study we analyse genomic profiles of 15 lung adenocarcinomas and one regional lymph node metastasis from 6 patients with MSLC. All 15 lung tumours demonstrate distinct genomic profiles, suggesting all are independent primary tumours, which are consistent with comprehensive histopathological assessment in 5 of the 6 patients. Lung tumours of the same individuals are no more similar to each other than are lung adenocarcinomas of different patients from TCGA cohort matched for tumour size and smoking status. Several known cancer-associated genes have different mutations in different tumours from the same patients. These findings suggest that in the context of identical constitutional genetic background and environmental exposure, different lung cancers in the same individual may have distinct genomic profiles and can be driven by distinct molecular events.
authors: State Key Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, Department of Etiology and Carcinogenesis, Cancer Institute and Hospital, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing 100021, People's Republic of China.
authors: Yu
authors: Y
authors: Liu
authors: Department of Genomic Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe Boulevard, Houston, Texas 77030, USA.|Department of Thoracic/Head &Neck Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe Boulevard, Houston, Texas 77030, USA.
authors: Jianjun
authors: J
authors: Zhang
authors: State Key Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, Department of Etiology and Carcinogenesis, Cancer Institute and Hospital, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing 100021, People's Republic of China.|Department of Pathology, Cancer Institute and Hospital, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing 100021, People's Republic of China.
authors: Lin
authors: L
authors: Li
authors: Beijing Genomics Institute, Shenzhen 518083, People's Republic of China.
authors: Guangliang
authors: G
authors: Yin
authors: Institute for Applied Cancer Science, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe Boulevard, Houston, Texas 77030, USA.
authors: Jianhua
authors: J
authors: Zhang
authors: Department of Pathology, Cancer Institute and Hospital, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing 100021, People's Republic of China.
authors: Shan
authors: S
authors: Zheng
authors: Department of Genomic Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe Boulevard, Houston, Texas 77030, USA.
authors: Hannah
authors: H
authors: Cheung
authors: Department of Diagnostic Imaging, Cancer Institute and Hospital, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing 100021, People's Republic of China.
authors: Ning
authors: N
authors: Wu
authors: Department of Pathology, Cancer Institute and Hospital, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing 100021, People's Republic of China.
authors: Ning
authors: N
authors: Lu
authors: Institute for Applied Cancer Science, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe Boulevard, Houston, Texas 77030, USA.
authors: Xizeng
authors: X
authors: Mao
authors: Department of Thoracic Surgical Oncology, Cancer Institute and Hospital, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing 100021, People's Republic of China.
authors: Longhai
authors: L
authors: Yang
authors: Department of Bioinformatics and Computational Biology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe Boulevard, Houston, Texas 77030, USA.
authors: Jiexin
authors: 0000-0001-9526-6730
authors: J
authors: Zhang
authors: Department of Diagnostic Imaging, Cancer Institute and Hospital, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing 100021, People's Republic of China.
authors: Li
authors: L
authors: Zhang
authors: Institute for Applied Cancer Science, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe Boulevard, Houston, Texas 77030, USA.
authors: Sahil
authors: 0000-0003-4579-3959
authors: S
authors: Seth
authors: State Key Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, Department of Etiology and Carcinogenesis, Cancer Institute and Hospital, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing 100021, People's Republic of China.
authors: Huang
authors: H
authors: Chen
authors: Institute for Applied Cancer Science, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe Boulevard, Houston, Texas 77030, USA.
authors: Xingzhi
authors: X
authors: Song
authors: Department of Diagnostic Imaging, Cancer Institute and Hospital, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing 100021, People's Republic of China.
authors: Kan
authors: K
authors: Liu
authors: Department of Pathology, Cancer Institute and Hospital, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing 100021, People's Republic of China.
authors: Yongqiang
authors: Y
authors: Xie
authors: Department of Diagnostic Imaging, Cancer Institute and Hospital, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing 100021, People's Republic of China.
authors: Lina
authors: L
authors: Zhou
authors: Department of Thoracic Surgical Oncology, Cancer Institute and Hospital, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing 100021, People's Republic of China.
authors: Chuanduo
authors: C
authors: Zhao
authors: State Key Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, Department of Etiology and Carcinogenesis, Cancer Institute and Hospital, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing 100021, People's Republic of China.
authors: Naijun
authors: N
authors: Han
authors: State Key Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, Department of Etiology and Carcinogenesis, Cancer Institute and Hospital, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing 100021, People's Republic of China.
authors: Wenting
authors: W
authors: Chen
authors: State Key Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, Department of Etiology and Carcinogenesis, Cancer Institute and Hospital, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing 100021, People's Republic of China.
authors: Susu
authors: S
authors: Zhang
authors: Beijing Genomics Institute, Shenzhen 518083, People's Republic of China.
authors: Longyun
authors: L
authors: Chen
authors: Beijing Genomics Institute, Shenzhen 518083, People's Republic of China.
authors: Wenjun
authors: W
authors: Cai
authors: Beijing Genomics Institute, Shenzhen 518083, People's Republic of China.
authors: Lin
authors: L
authors: Li
authors: Beijing Genomics Institute, Shenzhen 518083, People's Republic of China.
authors: Miaozhong
authors: M
authors: Shen
authors: State Key Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, Department of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Cancer Institute and Hospital, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing 100021, People's Republic of China.
authors: Ningzhi
authors: N
authors: Xu
authors: State Key Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, Department of Etiology and Carcinogenesis, Cancer Institute and Hospital, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing 100021, People's Republic of China.
authors: Shujun
authors: S
authors: Cheng
authors: Beijing Genomics Institute, Shenzhen 518083, People's Republic of China.
authors: Huanming
authors: H
authors: Yang
authors: Department of Biostatistics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe Boulevard, Houston, Texas 77030, USA.
authors: J Jack
authors: JJ
authors: Lee
authors: Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe Boulevard, Houston, Texas 77030, USA.
authors: Arlene
authors: A
authors: Correa
authors: Department of Translational Molecular Pathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe Boulevard, Houston, Texas 77030, USA.
authors: Junya
authors: J
authors: Fujimoto
authors: Department of Translational Molecular Pathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe Boulevard, Houston, Texas 77030, USA.
authors: Carmen
authors: C
authors: Behrens
authors: Department of Translational Molecular Pathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe Boulevard, Houston, Texas 77030, USA.
authors: Chi-Wan
authors: CW
authors: Chow
authors: Department of Thoracic/Head &Neck Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe Boulevard, Houston, Texas 77030, USA.
authors: William N
authors: WN
authors: William
authors: Department of Thoracic/Head &Neck Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe Boulevard, Houston, Texas 77030, USA.
authors: John V
authors: JV
authors: Heymach
authors: Department of Thoracic/Head &Neck Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe Boulevard, Houston, Texas 77030, USA.
authors: Waun Ki
authors: WK
authors: Hong
authors: Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe Boulevard, Houston, Texas 77030, USA.
authors: Stephen
authors: S
authors: Swisher
authors: Department of Translational Molecular Pathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe Boulevard, Houston, Texas 77030, USA.
authors: Ignacio I
authors: II
authors: Wistuba
authors: Beijing Genomics Institute, Shenzhen 518083, People's Republic of China.|Department of Biology, University of Copenhagen, DK-2200 Copenhagen, Denmark.
authors: Jun
authors: J
authors: Wang
authors: Department of Pathology, Cancer Institute and Hospital, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing 100021, People's Republic of China.
authors: Dongmei
authors: D
authors: Lin
authors: Department of Thoracic Surgical Oncology, Cancer Institute and Hospital, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing 100021, People's Republic of China.
authors: Xiangyang
authors: X
authors: Liu
authors: Department of Genomic Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe Boulevard, Houston, Texas 77030, USA.|Honorary Faculty, Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Hinxton, Cambridgeshire CB10 1SA, UK.
authors: P Andrew
authors: PA
authors: Futreal
authors: State Key Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, Department of Etiology and Carcinogenesis, Cancer Institute and Hospital, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing 100021, People's Republic of China.
authors: Yanning
authors: Y
authors: Gao
mesh_terms: D000230:Adenocarcinoma / Q000235:genetics* / Q000473:pathology; D020869:Gene Expression Profiling / Q000379:methods; D015972:Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic; D018740:Genetic Heterogeneity; D015894:Genome, Human / Q000235:genetics*; D006801:Humans; D008175:Lung Neoplasms / Q000235:genetics* / Q000473:pathology; D009154:Mutation; D017422:Sequence Analysis, DNA / Q000379:methods