title: OPTICAL COHERENCE TOMOGRAPHY AND INFRARED IMAGES OF ASTROCYTIC HAMARTOMAS NOT REVEALED BY FUNDUSCOPY IN TUBEROUS SCLEROSIS COMPLEX.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To detect, describe, and classify the morphologic characteristics of astrocytic hamartomas in tuberous sclerosis complex, using both spectral-domain optical coherence tomography (OCT) and infrared images.
  
  
  METHODS
  Ten subjects (20 eyes) with tuberous sclerosis complex underwent a complete ophthalmologic examination and multimodality imaging with spectral-domain OCT and infrared images. The imaging protocol included a 30°scan angle of the posterior pole and of the four quadrants. Line scans, detail, raster, and posterior pole patterns were used. The identified astrocytic hamartomas were described and characterized qualitatively and quantitatively.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Forty-four hamartomas were detected in 8 patients. In five cases, lesions were bilateral. Thirty of these hamartomas had not been revealed by previous ophthalmoscopy. Through multimodality imaging, it was possible to define multiple lesions with characteristic optical reflective qualities. All the 44 hamartomas were measured and morphologically characterized in terms of the type of tumor, retinal and/or vitreous involvement, calcifications, and posterior optical shadowing.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The combined imaging with spectral-domain OCT and infrared images improves the detection of hamartomas if compared with the spectral-domain OCT technique alone. Moreover, a new subtype of hamartoma is proposed to complete a previous classification based on OCT.
authors: *Ophthalmology Unit, NESMOS Department, Sant'Andrea Hospital, University of Rome "Sapienza," Rome, Italy; †Pediatric Neurology Unit, Department of Neuroscience, University of Rome "Tor Vergata," Rome, Italy; ‡Centre for Communication and Neurorehabilitation Research-CNAPP, Rome, Italy; §Department of Neurosciences, Rehabilitation, Ophthalmology, Genetics and Maternal and Child Health, University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy; ¶Department of Magnetic Resonance Research Centre on Nervous System Diseases, University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy; and **Department of Biomedicine and Prevention, University of Rome "Tor Vergata," Rome, Italy.
authors: Maria G
authors: MG
authors: Mutolo
authors: Sara
authors: S
authors: Marciano
authors: Francesca
authors: F
authors: Benassi
authors: Matteo
authors: M
authors: Pardini
authors: Paolo
authors: P
authors: Curatolo
authors: Leonardo
authors: L
authors: Emberti Gialloreti
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D002648:Child; D003937:Diagnosis, Differential; D005260:Female; D005451:Fluorescein Angiography; D005654:Fundus Oculi; D006222:Hamartoma / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000209:etiology; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D009887:Ophthalmoscopy; D012160:Retina / Q000473:pathology*; D012164:Retinal Diseases / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000209:etiology; D041623:Tomography, Optical Coherence / Q000379:methods*; D014402:Tuberous Sclerosis / Q000150:complications* / Q000175:diagnosis; D055815:Young Adult