title: Anatomic Insights into Disrupted Small-World Networks in Pediatric Posttraumatic Stress Disorder.
abstract: Purpose To use diffusion-tensor (DT) imaging and graph theory approaches to explore the brain structural connectome in pediatric posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). Materials and Methods This study was approved by the relevant research ethics committee, and all participants' parents or guardians provided informed consent. Twenty-four pediatric patients with PTSD and 23 control subjects exposed to trauma but without PTSD were recruited after the 2008 Sichuan earthquake. The structural connectome was constructed by using DT imaging tractography and thresholding the mean fractional anisotropy of 90 brain regions to yield 90 × 90 partial correlation matrixes. Graph theory analysis was used to examine the group-specific topologic properties, and nonparametric permutation tests were used for group comparisons of topologic metrics. Results Both groups exhibited small-world topology. However, patients with PTSD showed an increase in the characteristic path length (P = .0248) and decreases in local efficiency (P = .0498) and global efficiency (P = .0274). Furthermore, patients with PTSD showed reduced nodal centralities, mainly in the default mode, salience, central executive, and visual regions (P < .05, corrected for false-discovery rate). The Clinician-Administered PTSD Scale score was negatively correlated with the nodal efficiency of the left superior parietal gyrus (r = -0.446, P = .043). Conclusion The structural connectome showed a shift toward "regularization," providing a structural basis for functional alterations of pediatric PTSD. These abnormalities suggest that PTSD can be understood by examining the dysfunction of large-scale spatially distributed neural networks.©RSNA, 2016.
authors: From the Huaxi MR Research Center, Department of Radiology (X.S., D.L., M.W., Lei Li, L.S., X.W., Q.G.), and Laboratory of Stem Cell Biology, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy (H.Z.), West China Hospital of Sichuan University, #37 Guo Xue Xiang, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China; Department of Psychosis Studies, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College London, London, United Kingdom (D.L.); Department of Medical Information Engineering, School of Electrical Engineering and Information (F.C.), and Department of Psychology, School of Public Administration (Q.G.), Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China; Mental Health Institute, the Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China (Lingjiang Li); and Department of Musculoskeletal Biology and MRC-Arthritis Research UK Centre for Integrated Research into Musculoskeletal Ageing, Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, England (G.J.K.).
authors: Xueling
authors: X
authors: Suo
authors: From the Huaxi MR Research Center, Department of Radiology (X.S., D.L., M.W., Lei Li, L.S., X.W., Q.G.), and Laboratory of Stem Cell Biology, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy (H.Z.), West China Hospital of Sichuan University, #37 Guo Xue Xiang, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China; Department of Psychosis Studies, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College London, London, United Kingdom (D.L.); Department of Medical Information Engineering, School of Electrical Engineering and Information (F.C.), and Department of Psychology, School of Public Administration (Q.G.), Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China; Mental Health Institute, the Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China (Lingjiang Li); and Department of Musculoskeletal Biology and MRC-Arthritis Research UK Centre for Integrated Research into Musculoskeletal Ageing, Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, England (G.J.K.).
authors: Du
authors: D
authors: Lei
authors: From the Huaxi MR Research Center, Department of Radiology (X.S., D.L., M.W., Lei Li, L.S., X.W., Q.G.), and Laboratory of Stem Cell Biology, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy (H.Z.), West China Hospital of Sichuan University, #37 Guo Xue Xiang, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China; Department of Psychosis Studies, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College London, London, United Kingdom (D.L.); Department of Medical Information Engineering, School of Electrical Engineering and Information (F.C.), and Department of Psychology, School of Public Administration (Q.G.), Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China; Mental Health Institute, the Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China (Lingjiang Li); and Department of Musculoskeletal Biology and MRC-Arthritis Research UK Centre for Integrated Research into Musculoskeletal Ageing, Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, England (G.J.K.).
authors: Fuqin
authors: F
authors: Chen
authors: From the Huaxi MR Research Center, Department of Radiology (X.S., D.L., M.W., Lei Li, L.S., X.W., Q.G.), and Laboratory of Stem Cell Biology, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy (H.Z.), West China Hospital of Sichuan University, #37 Guo Xue Xiang, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China; Department of Psychosis Studies, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College London, London, United Kingdom (D.L.); Department of Medical Information Engineering, School of Electrical Engineering and Information (F.C.), and Department of Psychology, School of Public Administration (Q.G.), Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China; Mental Health Institute, the Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China (Lingjiang Li); and Department of Musculoskeletal Biology and MRC-Arthritis Research UK Centre for Integrated Research into Musculoskeletal Ageing, Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, England (G.J.K.).
authors: Min
authors: M
authors: Wu
authors: From the Huaxi MR Research Center, Department of Radiology (X.S., D.L., M.W., Lei Li, L.S., X.W., Q.G.), and Laboratory of Stem Cell Biology, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy (H.Z.), West China Hospital of Sichuan University, #37 Guo Xue Xiang, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China; Department of Psychosis Studies, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College London, London, United Kingdom (D.L.); Department of Medical Information Engineering, School of Electrical Engineering and Information (F.C.), and Department of Psychology, School of Public Administration (Q.G.), Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China; Mental Health Institute, the Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China (Lingjiang Li); and Department of Musculoskeletal Biology and MRC-Arthritis Research UK Centre for Integrated Research into Musculoskeletal Ageing, Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, England (G.J.K.).
authors: Lei
authors: L
authors: Li
authors: From the Huaxi MR Research Center, Department of Radiology (X.S., D.L., M.W., Lei Li, L.S., X.W., Q.G.), and Laboratory of Stem Cell Biology, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy (H.Z.), West China Hospital of Sichuan University, #37 Guo Xue Xiang, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China; Department of Psychosis Studies, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College London, London, United Kingdom (D.L.); Department of Medical Information Engineering, School of Electrical Engineering and Information (F.C.), and Department of Psychology, School of Public Administration (Q.G.), Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China; Mental Health Institute, the Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China (Lingjiang Li); and Department of Musculoskeletal Biology and MRC-Arthritis Research UK Centre for Integrated Research into Musculoskeletal Ageing, Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, England (G.J.K.).
authors: Ling
authors: L
authors: Sun
authors: From the Huaxi MR Research Center, Department of Radiology (X.S., D.L., M.W., Lei Li, L.S., X.W., Q.G.), and Laboratory of Stem Cell Biology, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy (H.Z.), West China Hospital of Sichuan University, #37 Guo Xue Xiang, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China; Department of Psychosis Studies, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College London, London, United Kingdom (D.L.); Department of Medical Information Engineering, School of Electrical Engineering and Information (F.C.), and Department of Psychology, School of Public Administration (Q.G.), Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China; Mental Health Institute, the Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China (Lingjiang Li); and Department of Musculoskeletal Biology and MRC-Arthritis Research UK Centre for Integrated Research into Musculoskeletal Ageing, Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, England (G.J.K.).
authors: Xiaoli
authors: X
authors: Wei
authors: From the Huaxi MR Research Center, Department of Radiology (X.S., D.L., M.W., Lei Li, L.S., X.W., Q.G.), and Laboratory of Stem Cell Biology, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy (H.Z.), West China Hospital of Sichuan University, #37 Guo Xue Xiang, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China; Department of Psychosis Studies, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College London, London, United Kingdom (D.L.); Department of Medical Information Engineering, School of Electrical Engineering and Information (F.C.), and Department of Psychology, School of Public Administration (Q.G.), Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China; Mental Health Institute, the Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China (Lingjiang Li); and Department of Musculoskeletal Biology and MRC-Arthritis Research UK Centre for Integrated Research into Musculoskeletal Ageing, Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, England (G.J.K.).
authors: Hongyan
authors: H
authors: Zhu
authors: From the Huaxi MR Research Center, Department of Radiology (X.S., D.L., M.W., Lei Li, L.S., X.W., Q.G.), and Laboratory of Stem Cell Biology, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy (H.Z.), West China Hospital of Sichuan University, #37 Guo Xue Xiang, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China; Department of Psychosis Studies, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College London, London, United Kingdom (D.L.); Department of Medical Information Engineering, School of Electrical Engineering and Information (F.C.), and Department of Psychology, School of Public Administration (Q.G.), Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China; Mental Health Institute, the Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China (Lingjiang Li); and Department of Musculoskeletal Biology and MRC-Arthritis Research UK Centre for Integrated Research into Musculoskeletal Ageing, Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, England (G.J.K.).
authors: Lingjiang
authors: L
authors: Li
authors: From the Huaxi MR Research Center, Department of Radiology (X.S., D.L., M.W., Lei Li, L.S., X.W., Q.G.), and Laboratory of Stem Cell Biology, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy (H.Z.), West China Hospital of Sichuan University, #37 Guo Xue Xiang, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China; Department of Psychosis Studies, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College London, London, United Kingdom (D.L.); Department of Medical Information Engineering, School of Electrical Engineering and Information (F.C.), and Department of Psychology, School of Public Administration (Q.G.), Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China; Mental Health Institute, the Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China (Lingjiang Li); and Department of Musculoskeletal Biology and MRC-Arthritis Research UK Centre for Integrated Research into Musculoskeletal Ageing, Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, England (G.J.K.).
authors: Graham J
authors: GJ
authors: Kemp
authors: From the Huaxi MR Research Center, Department of Radiology (X.S., D.L., M.W., Lei Li, L.S., X.W., Q.G.), and Laboratory of Stem Cell Biology, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy (H.Z.), West China Hospital of Sichuan University, #37 Guo Xue Xiang, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China; Department of Psychosis Studies, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College London, London, United Kingdom (D.L.); Department of Medical Information Engineering, School of Electrical Engineering and Information (F.C.), and Department of Psychology, School of Public Administration (Q.G.), Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China; Mental Health Institute, the Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China (Lingjiang Li); and Department of Musculoskeletal Biology and MRC-Arthritis Research UK Centre for Integrated Research into Musculoskeletal Ageing, Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, England (G.J.K.).
authors: Qiyong
authors: Q
authors: Gong
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D001921:Brain / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000503:physiopathology*; D002648:Child; D063132:Connectome / Q000379:methods*; D056324:Diffusion Tensor Imaging; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007091:Image Processing, Computer-Assisted; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging; D008297:Male; D009415:Nerve Net / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000503:physiopathology; D009434:Neural Pathways / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000503:physiopathology; D013313:Stress Disorders, Post-Traumatic / Q000503:physiopathology*