title: Drug-eluting coating of ginsenoside Rg1 and Re incorporated poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) on stainless steel 316L: Physicochemical and drug release analyses.
abstract: Active ingredients of ginsenoside, Rg1 and Re, are able to inhibit the proliferation of vascular smooth muscle cells and promote the growth of vascular endothelial cells. These capabilities are of interest for developing a novel drug-eluting stent to potentially solve the current problem of late-stent thrombosis and poor endotheliazation. Therefore, this study was aimed to incorporate ginsenoside into degradable coating of poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA). Drug mixture composed of ginseng extract and 10% to 50% of PLGA (xPLGA/g) was coated on electropolished stainless steel 316L substrate by using a dip coating technique. The coating was characterized principally by using attenuated total reflectance-Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy and contact angle analysis, while the drug release profile of ginsenosides Rg1 and Re was determined by using mass spectrometry at a one month immersion period. Full and homogenous coating coverage with acceptable wettability was found on the 30PLGA/g specimen. All specimens underwent initial burst release dependent on their composition. The 30PLGA/g and 50PLGA/g specimens demonstrated a controlled drug release profile having a combination of diffusion- and swelling-controlled mechanisms of PLGA. The study suggests that the 30PLGA/g coated specimen expresses an optimum composition which is seen as practicable for developing a controlled release drug-eluting stent.
authors: Faculty of Biosciences and Medical Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, 81310 Johor Bahru, Malaysia.
authors: Zulaika
authors: Z
authors: Miswan
authors: Faculty of Biosciences and Medical Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, 81310 Johor Bahru, Malaysia; Department of Mining, Metallurgical and Materials Engineering & CHU de Québec Research Center, Laval University, Quebec City, G1V 0A6, Canada.
authors: Siti Khadijah
authors: SK
authors: Lukman
authors: Institute of Marine Biotechnology, Universiti Malaysia Terengganu, 21030 Kuala Terengganu, Malaysia.
authors: Fadzilah Adibah
authors: FA
authors: Abd Majid
authors: Department of Medical Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
authors: Mun Fai
authors: MF
authors: Loke
authors: Faculty of Biosciences and Medical Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, 81310 Johor Bahru, Malaysia. Electronic address: syafiqahsaidin@biomedical.utm.my.
authors: Syafiqah
authors: S
authors: Saidin
authors: Department of Mining, Metallurgical and Materials Engineering & CHU de Québec Research Center, Laval University, Quebec City, G1V 0A6, Canada. Electronic address: hendra.hermawan@gmn.ulaval.ca.
authors: Hendra
authors: H
authors: Hermawan
mesh_terms: D020099:Coated Materials, Biocompatible / Q000737:chemistry; D003692:Delayed-Action Preparations / Q000737:chemistry; D065546:Drug Liberation; D054855:Drug-Eluting Stents; D036145:Ginsenosides / Q000737:chemistry*; D019344:Lactic Acid / Q000737:chemistry*; D008422:Materials Testing / Q000379:methods; D008855:Microscopy, Electron, Scanning / Q000379:methods; D004364:Pharmaceutical Preparations / Q000737:chemistry*; D011100:Polyglycolic Acid / Q000737:chemistry*; D000077182:Polylactic Acid-Polyglycolic Acid Copolymer; D017550:Spectroscopy, Fourier Transform Infrared / Q000379:methods; D013193:Stainless Steel / Q000737:chemistry*
chemical_list: D020099:Coated Materials, Biocompatible; D003692:Delayed-Action Preparations; D036145:Ginsenosides; D004364:Pharmaceutical Preparations; D013193:Stainless Steel; D000077182:Polylactic Acid-Polyglycolic Acid Copolymer; D011100:Polyglycolic Acid; D019344:Lactic Acid; C049864:ginsenoside Re; C035054:ginsenoside Rg1
keywords: Dip coating; Drug release; Ginsenoside; Poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid); Stent