title: Changes in body mass index and waist circumference and concurrent mortality among Swedish women.
abstract: Most studies on obesity and mortality use a single anthropometric measure. Less is known about the effects of weight change on mortality. This study examined changes in body mass index (ΔBMI) and waist circumference (ΔWC) and subsequent all-cause and cause-specific mortality.
  
  
  
  The study was conducted in the Women's Lifestyle and Health cohort, using self-reported anthropometric measures from 1991 to 1992 and 2003. Hazard ratios of mortality and 95% confidence intervals were calculated using Cox proportional hazards models. ΔBMI and ΔWC were examined in quartiles of absolute and relative change, with the second quartile (moderate gain) as the reference.
  
  
  
  There was a higher risk of death in the first quartile of relative ΔBMI: HR 1.28 (1.04-1.56). Absolute ΔBMI suggested the same pattern, but the result was nonsignificant. ΔWC was not associated with mortality. In cause-specific analyses, the association remained significant for cancer mortality only. In sensitivity analyses excluding the first 5 years of follow-up, the association was, however, attenuated.
  
  
  
  This study found a higher risk of death among women in the first quartile of relative ΔBMI compared with the second. It was driven by cancer mortality but may be ascribed to reverse causality. ΔWC was not associated with mortality.
authors: Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.|Department of Diet, Genes and Environment, Danish Cancer Society Research Center, Copenhagen, Denmark.
authors: Nina
authors: N
authors: Roswall
authors: Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.|Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, Zhejiang University School of Public Health, Hangzhou, China.|Department of Public Health, Hangzhou Medical School, Hangzhou, China.
authors: Yingjun
authors: Y
authors: Li
authors: Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.
authors: Sven
authors: S
authors: Sandin
authors: Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.
authors: Peter
authors: P
authors: Ström
authors: Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.|Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.|Institute of Health and Society, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.
authors: Hans-Olov
authors: HO
authors: Adami
authors: Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.|Department of Community Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Tromsø, The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway.|Genetic Epidemiology Group, Folkhälsan Research Center, Helsinki, Finland.|The Cancer Registry of Norway, Institute of Population Based Cancer Research, Oslo, Norway.
authors: Elisabete
authors: E
authors: Weiderpass
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D015992:Body Mass Index; D002318:Cardiovascular Diseases / Q000401:mortality*; D004032:Diet; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D008019:Life Style; D008875:Middle Aged; D009369:Neoplasms / Q000401:mortality*; D009765:Obesity / Q000401:mortality*; D016016:Proportional Hazards Models; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012959:Socioeconomic Factors; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D013548:Sweden / Q000453:epidemiology; D055105:Waist Circumference; D044465:White People