title: Inflammaging and 'Garb-aging'.
abstract: 'Inflammaging' refers to the chronic, low-grade inflammation that characterizes aging. Inflammaging is macrophage centered, involves several tissues and organs, including the gut microbiota, and is characterized by a complex balance between pro- and anti-inflammatory responses. Based on literature data, we argue that the major source of inflammatory stimuli is represented by endogenous/self, misplaced, or altered molecules resulting from damaged and/or dead cells and organelles (cell debris), recognized by receptors of the innate immune system. While their production is physiological and increases with age, their disposal by the proteasome via autophagy and/or mitophagy progressively declines. This 'autoreactive/autoimmune' process fuels the onset or progression of chronic diseases that can accelerate and propagate the aging process locally and systemically. Consequently, inflammaging can be considered a major target for antiaging strategies.
authors: Institute of Neurological Sciences of Bologna IRCCS, 40139 Bologna, Italy.
authors: Claudio
authors: C
authors: Franceschi
authors: Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine (DIMES), University of Bologna, 40126 Bologna, Italy; Interdepartmental Centre 'L. Galvani' (CIG), University of Bologna, 40126 Bologna, Italy.
authors: Paolo
authors: P
authors: Garagnani
authors: Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health (DISCCO), University of Milan, Milan, Italy; Laboratory of Endocrine and Metabolic Research, Istituto Auxologico Italiano IRCCS, Via Zucchi 18 - 20095 Cusano Milanino (MI), Italy.
authors: Giovanni
authors: G
authors: Vitale
authors: Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine (DIMES), University of Bologna, 40126 Bologna, Italy; Interdepartmental Centre 'L. Galvani' (CIG), University of Bologna, 40126 Bologna, Italy. Electronic address: miriam.capri@unibo.it.
authors: Miriam
authors: M
authors: Capri
authors: Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine (DIMES), University of Bologna, 40126 Bologna, Italy; Interdepartmental Centre 'L. Galvani' (CIG), University of Bologna, 40126 Bologna, Italy.
authors: Stefano
authors: S
authors: Salvioli
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001343:Autophagy / Q000502:physiology; D006801:Humans; D007249:Inflammation / Q000378:metabolism*; D008928:Mitochondria / Q000378:metabolism; D046988:Proteasome Endopeptidase Complex / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D046988:Proteasome Endopeptidase Complex
keywords: PRRs; cell debris; centenarians; inflammaging; mitochondria; proteasome