title: Triple negative breast cancer in North of Morocco: clinicopathologic and prognostic features.
abstract: Triple Negative Breast Cancer (TNBC) is defined by a lack of estrogen and progesterone receptor gene expression and by the absence of overexpression on HER2. It is associated to a poor prognosis. We propose to analyze the clinicopathologic and prognostic characteristics of this breast cancer subtype in a Mediterranean population originated or resident in the North of Morocco.
  
  
  
  We conducted a retrospective study of 279 patients diagnosed with breast cancer between January 2010 and January 2015. Clinicopathologic and prognostic features have been analyzed. Disease-Free Survival (DFS) and Overall Survival (OS) have been estimated.
  
  
  
  Of all cases, forty-nine (17.6 %) were identified as having triple negative breast cancer with a median age of 46 years. The average tumor size was 3.6 cm. The majority of patients have had invasive ductal carcinoma (91.8 %) and 40.4 % of them were grade III SBR. Nodal metastasis was detected in 38.9 % of the patients and vascular invasion was found in 36.6 % of them. About half of the patients had an early disease (53.1 %) and 46.9 % were diagnosed at an advanced stage. Patients with operable tumors (61.2 %) underwent primary surgery and adjuvant chemotherapy. Patients with no operable tumors (26.5 %) received neoadjuvant chemotherapy followed by surgery, and patients with metastatic disease (12.2 %) were treated by palliative chemotherapy. DFS and OS at 5 years were respectively 83.7 and 71.4 %. Among 49, twelve had recurrences, found either when diagnosing them or after a follow-up. Local relapse was 6.1 %. Lung and liver metastases accounted consecutively for 8.2 and 10.2 %. Bone metastases were found in 4.1 % and brain metastases in 2.1 % of the cases.
  
  
  
  Our results are in accordance with literature data, particularly what concerning young age and poor prognosis among TNBC phenotype. Therefore, the identification of BRCA mutations in our population seems to be essential in order to better adapt management options for this aggressive form of breast cancer.
authors: Human Genomic Research Laboratory, Faculty of Sciences and Techniques of Tangier, University Abdelmalek Essaâdi, Tangier, Morocco. derkaoui.touria.22@gmail.com.
authors: Touria
authors: 0000-0002-2417-9119
authors: T
authors: Derkaoui
authors: Human Genomic Research Laboratory, Faculty of Sciences and Techniques of Tangier, University Abdelmalek Essaâdi, Tangier, Morocco.
authors: Joaira
authors: J
authors: Bakkach
authors: Human Genomic Research Laboratory, Faculty of Sciences and Techniques of Tangier, University Abdelmalek Essaâdi, Tangier, Morocco.|Oncology Clinic Al Amal of Tangier, Tangier, Morocco.
authors: Mohamed
authors: M
authors: Mansouri
authors: Oncology Clinic Al Amal of Tangier, Tangier, Morocco.
authors: Ali
authors: A
authors: Loudiyi
authors: Mathematics and Applications Laboratory, Faculty of Sciences and Techniques of Tangier, University Abdelmalek Essaâdi, Tangier, Morocco.
authors: Mohamed
authors: M
authors: Fihri
authors: Human Genomic Research Laboratory, Faculty of Sciences and Techniques of Tangier, University Abdelmalek Essaâdi, Tangier, Morocco.
authors: Fatima Zahra
authors: FZ
authors: Alaoui
authors: Human Genomic Research Laboratory, Faculty of Sciences and Techniques of Tangier, University Abdelmalek Essaâdi, Tangier, Morocco.
authors: Amina
authors: A
authors: Barakat
authors: Human Genomic Research Laboratory, Faculty of Sciences and Techniques of Tangier, University Abdelmalek Essaâdi, Tangier, Morocco.
authors: Bouchra
authors: B
authors: El Yemlahi
authors: Human Genomic Research Laboratory, Faculty of Sciences and Techniques of Tangier, University Abdelmalek Essaâdi, Tangier, Morocco.
authors: Hassan
authors: H
authors: Bihri
authors: Human Genomic Research Laboratory, Faculty of Sciences and Techniques of Tangier, University Abdelmalek Essaâdi, Tangier, Morocco.
authors: Naima Ghailani
authors: NG
authors: Nourouti
authors: Human Genomic Research Laboratory, Faculty of Sciences and Techniques of Tangier, University Abdelmalek Essaâdi, Tangier, Morocco.
authors: Mohcine Bennani
authors: MB
authors: Mechita
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D001943:Breast Neoplasms / Q000401:mortality / Q000473:pathology*; D018572:Disease-Free Survival; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008875:Middle Aged; D009018:Morocco; D011379:Prognosis; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D064726:Triple Negative Breast Neoplasms / Q000401:mortality* / Q000503:physiopathology*
keywords: BRCA1; BRCA2; Clinicopathologic; Prognostic; Survival analysis; Triple negative breast cancer