title: Vitamin D Status and Bone Mineral Density is Influenced by Vitamin D Supplementation and Vitamin K1 Intake in Adults with Diabetes and Chronic Kidney Disease.
abstract: Patients with diabetes (DM) and chronic kidney disease (CKD) are at increased risk for suboptimal bone health. The study objective was to investigate the relationships between vitamin D (vitD), vitamin K1 (vitK1), and calcium intake with bone mineral density (BMD) and vitamin D status in an ambulatory population with DM and CKD.
  
  
  
  Adults (age 18-80 years; n = 62) with DM and CKD (stages 1-4) were recruited from the Northern Alberta Renal Program. Primary outcome variables included vitD, vitK1, and calcium intake; serum 25(OH)D, 1,25(OH)2D; and BMD as measured by dual X-ray absorptiometry. Statistical significance was determined at P < 0.05.
  
  
  
  Participants met the estimated average requirement or adequate intake for vitD, vitK1, and calcium intake in 73% (n = 45), 66% (n = 39), and 52% (n = 31), respectively, with a combined intake of micronutrient supplementation and diet. Participants had serum 25(OH)D concentrations ≥75 nmol/L (n = 41), normal BMDs (n = 48), and 66% (n = 41/62) were taking vitD supplements (>1000 IU/D). BMD was positively influenced by serum 25(OH)D. However, serum 25(OH) ≥100 nmol/L was associated with lower BMD (absolute and T-scores) for whole-body and spine (P ≤ 0.05). VitK1intake (≥200 μg/day) was associated with higher whole-body and femoral-neck BMDs (absoluteand T-scores; P ≤ 0.05).
  
  
  
  VitD status and BMD in adults with DM and CKD was influenced by vitD supplementation and vitK1intake.
authors: a Department of Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB.
authors: Michelle R
authors: MR
authors: Hoffmann
authors: b Divsion of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB.|c Diabetic Nephropathy Prevention Clinic, Alberta Health Services, Edmonton, AB.
authors: Peter A
authors: PA
authors: Senior
authors: a Department of Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB.
authors: Stephanie T
authors: ST
authors: Jackson
authors: d Centre de Recherche, Institut Universitaire de Gériatrie de Montréal, Montreal, QC.|e Département de Nutrition, Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC.
authors: Guylaine
authors: G
authors: Ferland
authors: d Centre de Recherche, Institut Universitaire de Gériatrie de Montréal, Montreal, QC.|e Département de Nutrition, Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC.
authors: Nancy
authors: N
authors: Presse
authors: f Northern Alberta Renal Program, Edmonton, AB.|g Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB.
authors: Kailash
authors: K
authors: Jindal
authors: a Department of Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB.
authors: Ping
authors: P
authors: Li
authors: a Department of Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB.
authors: Abeer S
authors: AS
authors: Alzaben
authors: a Department of Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB.|h Department of Pediatrics, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB.
authors: Diana R
authors: DR
authors: Mager
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000416:Alberta; D001786:Blood Glucose / Q000378:metabolism; D015519:Bone Density / Q000187:drug effects*; D002136:Calcium, Dietary / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000097:blood; D003920:Diabetes Mellitus / Q000097:blood / Q000188:drug therapy*; D004032:Diet; D004040:Dietary Carbohydrates / Q000008:administration & dosage; D004041:Dietary Fats / Q000008:administration & dosage; D004044:Dietary Proteins / Q000008:administration & dosage; D019587:Dietary Supplements; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D018977:Micronutrients / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000097:blood; D008875:Middle Aged; D015596:Nutrition Assessment; D009752:Nutritional Status; D051436:Renal Insufficiency, Chronic / Q000097:blood / Q000188:drug therapy*; D014807:Vitamin D / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000097:blood*; D010837:Vitamin K 1 / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000097:blood; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D001786:Blood Glucose; D002136:Calcium, Dietary; D004040:Dietary Carbohydrates; D004041:Dietary Fats; D004044:Dietary Proteins; D018977:Micronutrients; D014807:Vitamin D; D010837:Vitamin K 1