title: Lumbosacral spinal segmental contributions to tibial and pudendal neuromodulation of bladder overactivity in cats.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To determine the spinal segmental afferent contributions to tibial and pudendal inhibition of bladder overactivity.
  
  
  METHODS
  Intravesical infusion of 0.5% acetic acid was used to irritate the bladder and induce bladder overactivity in anesthetized cats. Tibial or pudendal nerve stimulation was used to suppress the bladder overactivity and increase bladder capacity during cystometry. L5-S3 dorsal roots ipsilateral to the stimulation were exposed by a laminectomy and transected sequentially during the experiments to determine the role of individual dorsal roots in tibial or pudendal neuromodulation.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Transection of L5 dorsal root had no effect. Transection of L6 dorsal root in four cats produced an average 18% reduction in tibial inhibition, which is not a significant change when averaged in the group of 10 cats. Transection of L7 dorsal root completely removed the tibial inhibition without changing reflex bladder activity or pudendal inhibition. Transection of S1 dorsal root reduced the pudendal inhibition, after which transection of S2 dorsal root completely removed the pudendal inhibition. Transection of S3 dorsal root had no effect. The control bladder capacity was increased only by transection of S2 dorsal root.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This study in cats revealed that tibial and pudendal neuromodulation of reflex bladder overactivity depends on activation of primary afferent pathways that project into different spinal segments. This difference may be related to the recent observation in cats that the two types of neuromodulation have different mechanisms of action.
authors: Department of Urology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania.
authors: Utsav
authors: U
authors: Bansal
authors: Department of Urology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania.
authors: Thomas W
authors: TW
authors: Fuller
authors: Department of Urology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania.|Department of Urology, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, P.R. China.
authors: Xuewen
authors: X
authors: Jiang
authors: Department of Urology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania.
authors: Jathin
authors: J
authors: Bandari
authors: Department of Urology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania.|Department of Urology, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, P.R. China.
authors: Zhaocun
authors: Z
authors: Zhang
authors: Department of Urology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania.
authors: Bing
authors: B
authors: Shen
authors: Department of Urology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania.
authors: Jicheng
authors: J
authors: Wang
authors: Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania.
authors: James R
authors: JR
authors: Roppolo
authors: Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania.
authors: William C
authors: WC
authors: de Groat
authors: Department of Urology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania.|Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania.
authors: Changfeng
authors: C
authors: Tai
mesh_terms: D019342:Acetic Acid; D000818:Animals; D002415:Cats; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D005260:Female; D008297:Male; D060525:Pudendal Nerve / Q000503:physiopathology*; D013126:Spinal Nerve Roots / Q000503:physiopathology; D013979:Tibial Nerve / Q000503:physiopathology*; D053201:Urinary Bladder, Overactive / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000503:physiopathology*
chemical_list: D019342:Acetic Acid
keywords: bladder; cat; neuromodulation; pudendal; tibial