title: Physiological Responses to Arm Activity in Individuals With Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease Compared With Healthy Controls: A SYSTEMATIC REVIEW.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The mechanisms underlying physiological limitations during arm activity in individuals with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) are unknown. The objective of this systematic review was to describe cardiorespiratory responses, symptoms, chest wall kinematics, muscle activity, and lung volumes during arm activity in individuals with COPD relative to the responses of healthy controls.
  
  
  METHODS
  Original research articles that compared cardiorespiratory responses, symptoms, muscle activity, chest wall kinematics, and lung function during arm activity between individuals with COPD and healthy controls were identified after searches of 5 electronic databases and reference lists of pertinent articles. Two reviewers performed the electronic and manual searches with 1 screening title and abstracts. Two investigators screened the full texts to determine eligibility for inclusion. One reviewer performed the data extraction and tabulation using a standardized form with a second reviewer double-checking the data extracted.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Of the 54 full-text articles assessed for eligibility, 6 met the inclusion criteria. Reduced cardiorespiratory responses during peak arm exercise in individuals with COPD compared with healthy controls were evident. Compared with healthy controls, individuals with COPD had increased dyspnea and hyperinflation during peak arm exercise. Increased effort of the trapezius muscle during arm activities was also found in persons with COPD compared with healthy controls.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  There is limited evidence describing physiological responses during arm activity in individuals with COPD. Findings of this systematic review suggest that individuals with COPD have decreased cardiorespiratory responses during peak arm exercise compared with controls but increased dyspnea, hyperinflation, and arm muscle effort.
authors: Department of Physical Therapy, Universidade Federal dos Vales do Jequitinhonha e Mucuri, Minas Gerais, Brazil (Dr Lima); Department of Physical Therapy, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Minas Gerais, Brazil (Drs Lima and Velloso); Pulmonary Division, Heart Institute (InCor), Hospital das Clinicas, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil (Mr Iamonti); and School of Physical and Occupational Therapy, McGill University, Montreal, and Respiratory Medicine, West Park Healthcare Centre, Toronto, Canada (Dr Janaudis-Ferreira).
authors: Vanessa Pereira
authors: VP
authors: Lima
authors: Vinicius C
authors: VC
authors: Iamonti
authors: Marcelo
authors: M
authors: Velloso
authors: Tania
authors: T
authors: Janaudis-Ferreira
mesh_terms: D001132:Arm / Q000502:physiology*; D001696:Biomechanical Phenomena; D005081:Exercise Therapy / Q000379:methods*; D017079:Exercise Tolerance / Q000502:physiology*; D006801:Humans; D008168:Lung / Q000503:physiopathology*; D018482:Muscle, Skeletal / Q000502:physiology; D029424:Pulmonary Disease, Chronic Obstructive / Q000503:physiopathology*; D035441:Thoracic Wall / Q000502:physiology