title: Enhanced stimulation of anti-breast cancer T cells responses by dendritic cells loaded with poly lactic-co-glycolic acid (PLGA) nanoparticle encapsulated tumor antigens.
abstract: Developing safe and effective cancer vaccine formulations is a primary focus in the field of cancer immunotherapy. Dendritic cells (DC) are currently employed as cellular vaccine in clinical trials of tumor immunotherapy. Recognizing the critical role of DCs in initiating anti-tumor immunity has resulted in the development of several strategies that target vaccine antigens to DCs to trigger anti-tumor T cell responses. To increase the efficiency of antigen delivery systems for anti-tumor vaccines, encapsulation of tumor-associated antigens in polymer nanoparticles (NPs) has been established.
  
  
  
  In this study, the effect of tumor lysate antigen obtained from three stage III breast cancer tissues encapsulated within PLGA NPs to enhance the DC maturation was investigated. The T-cell immune response activation was then fallowed up. Fresh breast tumors were initially used to generate tumor lysate antigens containing poly lactic-co-glycolic acid (PLGA) NP. The encapsulation efficiency and release kinetics were profiled. The efficiency of encapsulation was measured using Bradford protein assays measuring the dissolved NPs. The stability of released antigen from NPs was verified using SDS-PAGE. To evaluate the hypothesis that NPs enhances antigen presentation, including soluble tumor lysate, tumor lysate containing NPs and control NPs the efficiency of NP-mediated tumor lysate delivery to DCs was evaluated by assessing CD3+ T-cell stimulation after T cell/and DCs co-culture.
  
  
  
  The rate of encapsulation was increased by enhancing the antigen concentration of tumor lysate. However, increasing the antigen concentration diminished the encapsulation efficiency. In addition, higher initial protein contenting NPs led to a greater cumulative release. All three patients released variable amounts of IFN-γ, IL-10, IL-12 and IL-4 in response to re-stimulation. T cells stimulated with lysate-pulsed DCs induced a substantial increase in IFN-γ and IL-12 production. We demonstrated that NPs containing tumor lysate can induce maturation and activation of DCs, as antigen alone does.
  
  
  
  PLGA-NPs are attractive vehicles for protein antigen delivery which effectively induce stimulation and maturation of DCs, allowing not only an enhanced antigen processing and immunogenicity or improved antigen stability, but also the targeted delivery and slow release of antigens.
authors: Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Urmia University, Urmia, Iran.
authors: Soodabeh
authors: S
authors: Iranpour
authors: Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Urmia University, Urmia, Iran.
authors: Vahid
authors: V
authors: Nejati
authors: Department of Cellular and Molecular Biotechnology, Institute of Biotechnology, Urmia University, Urmia, Iran. n.delirezh@urmia.ac.ir.
authors: Nowruz
authors: N
authors: Delirezh
authors: Department of Basic Sciences, Sari Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources University, Sari, Iran.
authors: Pouria
authors: P
authors: Biparva
authors: Department of Pathology, School of Veterinary Medicine, Shahrekord University, Shahrekord, Iran.|Shiraz Molecular Pathology Research Center, Dr Daneshbod Pathology Laboratory, Shiraz, Iran.
authors: Sadegh
authors: S
authors: Shirian
mesh_terms: D000951:Antigens, Neoplasm / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism*; D001943:Breast Neoplasms / Q000097:blood / Q000276:immunology*; D019496:Cancer Vaccines / Q000276:immunology; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D003713:Dendritic Cells / Q000166:cytology / Q000276:immunology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007167:Immunotherapy / Q000379:methods; D007371:Interferon-gamma / Q000378:metabolism; D016753:Interleukin-10 / Q000378:metabolism; D018664:Interleukin-12 / Q000378:metabolism; D015847:Interleukin-4 / Q000378:metabolism; D019344:Lactic Acid / Q000737:chemistry; D053758:Nanoparticles / Q000737:chemistry; D010316:Particle Size; D011100:Polyglycolic Acid / Q000737:chemistry; D000077182:Polylactic Acid-Polyglycolic Acid Copolymer; D013601:T-Lymphocytes / Q000166:cytology / Q000276:immunology*
chemical_list: D000951:Antigens, Neoplasm; D019496:Cancer Vaccines; C573415:IFNG protein, human; C508609:IL10 protein, human; C508598:IL4 protein, human; D016753:Interleukin-10; D018664:Interleukin-12; D000077182:Polylactic Acid-Polyglycolic Acid Copolymer; D015847:Interleukin-4; D011100:Polyglycolic Acid; D019344:Lactic Acid; D007371:Interferon-gamma
keywords: Dendritic cells; Nanoparticles; PLGA; Tumor associated antigen