title: High Ozone (O3) Affects the Fitness Associated with the Microbial Composition and Abundance of Q BiotypeBemisia tabaci.
abstract: Ozone (O3) affects the fitness of an insect, such as its development, reproduction and protection against fungal pathogens, but the mechanism by which it does so remains unclear. Here, we compared the fitness (i.e., the growth and development time, reproduction and protection againstBeauveria bassiana(B. bassiana) of Q biotype whiteflies fumigated under hO3(280 ± 20 ppb) and control O3(50 ± 10 ppb) concentrations. Moreover, we determined that gene expression was related to development, reproduction and immunity toB. bassianaand examined the abundance and composition of bacteria and fungi inside of the body and on the surface of the Q biotype whitefly. We observed a significantly enhanced number of eggs that were laid by a female, shortened developmental time, prolonged adult lifespan, decreased weight of one eclosion, and reduced immunity toB. bassianain whiteflies under hO3, but hO3did not significantly affect the expression of genes related to development, reproduction and immunity. However, hO3obviously changed the composition of the bacterial communities inside of the body and on the surface of the whiteflies, significantly reducingRickettsiaand enhancingCandidatus_Cardinium. Similarly, hO3significantly enhancedThysanophora penicillioidesfrom theTrichocomaceaefamily and reducedDothideomycetes(at the class level) inside of the body. Furthermore, positive correlations were found between the abundance ofCandidatus_Cardiniumand the female whitefly ratio and the fecundity of a single female, and positive correlations were found between the abundance ofRickettsiaand the weight of adult whiteflies just after eclosion and immunity toB. bassiana.We conclude that hO3enhances whitefly development and reproduction but impairs immunity toB. bassiana, and our results also suggest that the changes to the microbial environments inside of the body and on the surface could be crucial factors that alter whitefly fitness under hO3.
authors: State Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Pest Insects and Rodents, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing, China; College of Plant Protection, Hunan Agricultural UniversityChangsha, China.
authors: Yanyun
authors: Y
authors: Hong
authors: College of Plant Protection, Hunan Agricultural University Changsha, China.
authors: Tuyong
authors: T
authors: Yi
authors: State Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Pest Insects and Rodents, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing, China.
authors: Xiaoling
authors: X
authors: Tan
authors: Department of Entomology, College of Plant Protection, China Agricultural University Beijing, China.
authors: Zihua
authors: Z
authors: Zhao
authors: State Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Pest Insects and Rodents, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing, China.
authors: Feng
authors: F
authors: Ge
keywords: Bemisia tabaci; fitness; high ozone (hO3); inside of the body; microbial communities; on the surface