title: Cryofibrinogenaemia-a neglected disease.
abstract: Cryofibrinogen is an abnormal protein that forms precipitate only in plasma. Cryofibrinogenaemia (CF) can be detected both in healthy persons and patients with autoimmune diseases, cancer and infections. Essential CF is frequently asymptomatic, although in a proportion of patients it is associated with skin lesions and systemic manifestations and can lead to refractory skin ulcers and gangrene or thrombotic events. Identification of CF in plasma is simple, but establishing a definite diagnosis may be a challenge due to a lack of accepted diagnostic criteria. Several treatment options have been suggested for patients with symptomatic CF, although their efficacy has been shown only in uncontrolled series or case reports. A variety of possible approaches to drug treatment poses additional problems for the physician. Treatment for secondary CF usually relies on effective management of the underlying disease. The clinical significance of CF and its true prevalence are apparently underestimated and should be further studied.
authors: Clinic of Nephrology, Internal and Occupational Diseases, Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University.|Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Lomonosov Moscow State Medical University, Moscow, Russia.
authors: Sergey
authors: S
authors: Moiseev
authors: Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology and Musculoskeletal Sciences, Botnar Research Centre, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom.
authors: Raashid
authors: R
authors: Luqmani
authors: Clinic of Nephrology, Internal and Occupational Diseases, Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University.
authors: Pavel
authors: P
authors: Novikov
authors: Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Lomonosov Moscow State Medical University, Moscow, Russia.
authors: Tatiana
authors: T
authors: Shevtsova
mesh_terms: D003449:Cryoglobulinemia / Q000150:complications / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000209:etiology; D005343:Fibrinolytic Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use; D006801:Humans; D058069:Neglected Diseases / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000453:epidemiology; D015995:Prevalence
chemical_list: D005343:Fibrinolytic Agents
keywords: cryofibrinogenaemia; vasculitis; vasculopathy