title: Enhancing the Therapeutic Efficacy of 2-Deoxyglucose in Breast Cancer Cells Using Cell-cycle Synchronization.
abstract: We assessed the effect of cell-cycle synchronization using the T-type calcium channel inhibitor mibefradil on the anticancer effects of 2-deoxy-D-glucose (2-DG) and glucose metabolism in breast cancer cells.
  
  
  
  MDA-MB-231 cells were treated with mibefradil, followed by 2-DG with/without paclitaxel, then cells were assessed for viability. Glucose metabolism was evaluated by3H-2-DG uptake, lactate concentration, and membrane glucose transporter 1 expression after mibefradil treatment.
  
  
  
  Viability was significantly lower in cells receiving the combination therapy of mibefradil and 2-DG relative to 2-DG treatment alone; addition of paclitaxel to the combination therapy further reduced the viability of breast cancer cells. Withdrawal of mibefradil resulted in a significant increase in cellular3H-2-DG uptake uptake, a slight accumulation of lactate, and increased membrane glucose transporter 1 expression.
  
  
  
  Mibefradil-induced cell-cycle synchronization enhanced the anticancer activity of 2-DG in breast cancer cells due to an increase in cellular glucose metabolism.
authors: Department of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, Republic of Korea.
authors: Su Jin
authors: SJ
authors: Lee
authors: Department of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, Republic of Korea.
authors: Bok-Nam
authors: BN
authors: Park
authors: Department of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, Republic of Korea.
authors: Jung Hyun
authors: JH
authors: Roh
authors: Department of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, Republic of Korea.
authors: Young-Sil
authors: YS
authors: An
authors: Department of Surgery, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, Republic of Korea.
authors: Hoon
authors: H
authors: Hur
authors: Department of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, Republic of Korea jkyoon3@ajou.ac.kr.
authors: Joon-Kee
authors: JK
authors: Yoon
mesh_terms: D017209:Apoptosis / Q000187:drug effects; D001943:Breast Neoplasms / Q000473:pathology*; D002453:Cell Cycle / Q000187:drug effects*; D045744:Cell Line, Tumor; D003847:Deoxyglucose / Q000494:pharmacology*; D004357:Drug Synergism; D006801:Humans; D020748:Mibefradil / Q000494:pharmacology
chemical_list: D020748:Mibefradil; D003847:Deoxyglucose
keywords: Mibefradil; breast neoplasms; calcium channels; cell cycle; deoxyglucose