title: The prevalence of drug resistance among treatment-naïve HIV-1-infected individuals in China during pre- and post- 2004.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The widespread use of antiretroviral therapies has led to considerable concerns about the prevalence of drug-resistant, as transmission of drug-resistant (TDR) strains poses a challenge for the control of the HIV-1 epidemic.
  
  
  METHODS
  We conducted an epidemiological study enrolling treatment-naïve HIV-1-positive subjects at the Peking Union Medical College Hospital since 1991. Drug resistance was determined by submitting the sequences to the Stanford University Network HIV-1 database.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Of 521 participants, 478 samples were amplified and sequenced successfully. HIV Transmitted drug resistance prevalence in China was determined to be 6.7 %. We did not find significant differences in the TDR rate by demographic characteristics. No significant time trend in the prevalence of overall TDR was observed (p > 0.05).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  We identified an intermediate prevalence of transmitted drug resistance (TDR), exhibiting a stable time trend. These findings enhance our understanding of HIV-1 drug resistance prevalence and time trend, and provide some guidelines for the comprehensive public health strategy of TDR prevention.
authors: State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, Academy of Military Medical Science, No. 20 East Street, Fengtai district, Beijing, 100071, China.
authors: Hanping
authors: H
authors: Li
authors: Institute of Disease Control and Prevention, Academy of Military Medical Science, Beijing, 100071, China.|Department of Clinical Laboratory, PLA Army General Hospital, Beijing, 100700, China.
authors: Shuai
authors: S
authors: Chang
authors: Department of Infectious Disease, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, No. 1 Shuaifuyuan Wangfujing, Dongcheng district, Beijing, 100730, China.
authors: Yang
authors: Y
authors: Han
authors: State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, Academy of Military Medical Science, No. 20 East Street, Fengtai district, Beijing, 100071, China.
authors: Daomin
authors: D
authors: Zhuang
authors: State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, Academy of Military Medical Science, No. 20 East Street, Fengtai district, Beijing, 100071, China.
authors: Lin
authors: L
authors: Li
authors: State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, Academy of Military Medical Science, No. 20 East Street, Fengtai district, Beijing, 100071, China.
authors: Yongjian
authors: Y
authors: Liu
authors: State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, Academy of Military Medical Science, No. 20 East Street, Fengtai district, Beijing, 100071, China.
authors: Siyang
authors: S
authors: Liu
authors: State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, Academy of Military Medical Science, No. 20 East Street, Fengtai district, Beijing, 100071, China.
authors: Zuoyi
authors: Z
authors: Bao
authors: Institute of Disease Control and Prevention, Academy of Military Medical Science, Beijing, 100071, China.
authors: Wenfu
authors: W
authors: Zhang
authors: Institute of Disease Control and Prevention, Academy of Military Medical Science, Beijing, 100071, China.
authors: Hongbin
authors: H
authors: Song
authors: Department of Infectious Disease, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, No. 1 Shuaifuyuan Wangfujing, Dongcheng district, Beijing, 100730, China. litsh@263.net.
authors: Taisheng
authors: T
authors: Li
authors: State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, Academy of Military Medical Science, No. 20 East Street, Fengtai district, Beijing, 100071, China. lijy@bmi.ac.cn.
authors: Jingyun
authors: J
authors: Li
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D019380:Anti-HIV Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D002681:China / Q000453:epidemiology; D024882:Drug Resistance, Viral / Q000187:drug effects*; D005260:Female; D015658:HIV Infections / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000821:virology*; D015497:HIV-1 / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000235:genetics; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D019380:Anti-HIV Agents
keywords: Antiretroviral therapy; HIV; Prevalence; Transmitted drug resistance; Treatment-naïve