title: Sleep and awake bruxism in adults and its relationship with temporomandibular disorders: A systematic review from 2003 to 2014.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  In order to establish a relationship between bruxism and temporomandibular disorders (TMDs), a systematic review was performed.
  
  
  METHODS
  A systematic research was performed based on PubMed, Cochrane Library, Medline, Embase, BIREME, Lilacs and Scielo data bases, between 2003 and 2014 including all languages. Descriptive clinical cases were identified. Two independent authors selected the articles. PICO format was used to analyse the studies and the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale (NOS) was used to verify the quality of the evidence.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Thirty-nine studies (n = 39) were analysed in this review. According to bruxism diagnosis, articles were grouped as follows: polysomnographic diagnosis (PSG) (n = 7), clinical diagnosis (n = 11) and survey/self-report (n = 21). Thirty-three articles (n = 33) established a positive relation between bruxism and TMD and six (n = 6) did not. Quality of evidence was low to moderate. In general, the most part of the studies showed shortcomings on their design with bias risk, and also had a low sensitivity on bruxism diagnosis.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The evidence based on PSG was not as conclusive as the studies that used surveys and clinical exam to diagnosis bruxism, when bruxism was related to TMD. Sleep bruxism could be associated with myofascial pain, arthralgia and joint pathology as disc displacement and joint noises. Although the evidence at present is inconclusive and does not provide information according to the type of bruxism (bruxism sleep and wakefulness), it is possible to suggest that bruxism would be associated with TMD.
authors: a Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud , Universidad Autónoma de Chile , Temuco , Chile.|b Ortodoncia y Ortopedia dentomaxilofacial, Facultad de Odontología , Universidad Andrés Bello , Santiago , Chile.
authors: Antonio
authors: A
authors: Jiménez-Silva
authors: c Department of Prosthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry , University of Chile , Santiago , Chile.
authors: Consuelo
authors: C
authors: Peña-Durán
authors: c Department of Prosthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry , University of Chile , Santiago , Chile.
authors: Julio
authors: J
authors: Tobar-Reyes
authors: d Faculty of Dentistry , University of the Andes , Santiago , Chile.|e University of La Serena , La Serena , Chile.
authors: Raúl
authors: R
authors: Frugone-Zambra
mesh_terms: D018771:Arthralgia / Q000150:complications; D002012:Bruxism / Q000150:complications*; D006801:Humans; D004204:Joint Dislocations / Q000150:complications; D020186:Sleep Bruxism / Q000150:complications*; D013705:Temporomandibular Joint Disorders / Q000150:complications*; D013706:Temporomandibular Joint Dysfunction Syndrome / Q000150:complications
keywords: Bruxism; sleep bruxism; temporomandibular disorders; temporomandibular joint