title: Validation of the Participation Strategies Self-Efficacy Scale (PS-SES).
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To develop and examine the psychometric properties of a newly developed Participation Strategies Self-Efficacy Scale (PS-SES) designed to assess self-efficacy in using participation strategies following a stroke.
  
  
  METHODS
  One hundred and sixty-six subjects with mild to moderate stroke were recruited and interviewed using the PS-SES. The principal axis factoring analysis was run to examine the factor structure, and internal consistency was assessed by computing Cronbach's alpha coefficient.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The final measure is a 35-item scale with six subscales: (1) managing home participation, (2) staying organized, (3) planning and managing community participation, (4) managing work/productivity, (5) managing communication, and (6) advocating for resources. The instrument demonstrated high internal consistency.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The PS-SES is a reliable measure offering unique information regarding self-efficacy in managing participation. Implications for Rehabilitation Post-stroke participation requires complex management of resources, information, and strategies. There is a gap in instruments that can assess self-efficacy in managing participation following a stroke. The PS-SES is a valid tool measuring self-efficacy in using participation strategies in home, work, and community contexts.
authors: a Department of Occupational Therapy , University of Illinois at Chicago , Chicago , IL , USA.
authors: Danbi
authors: D
authors: Lee
authors: b Department of Community Systems and Mental Health Nursing , Rush University , Chicago , IL , USA.
authors: Louis
authors: L
authors: Fogg
authors: c Program in Occupational Therapy , Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis , St. Louis , MO , USA.
authors: Carolyn M
authors: CM
authors: Baum
authors: c Program in Occupational Therapy , Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis , St. Louis , MO , USA.
authors: Timothy J
authors: TJ
authors: Wolf
authors: a Department of Occupational Therapy , University of Illinois at Chicago , Chicago , IL , USA.
authors: Joy
authors: J
authors: Hammel
mesh_terms: D003142:Communication; D005163:Factor Analysis, Statistical; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010358:Patient Participation; D011594:Psychometrics / Q000379:methods / Q000592:standards; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D020377:Self Efficacy; D020521:Stroke / Q000523:psychology; D000071939:Stroke Rehabilitation / Q000523:psychology; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires
keywords: Assessment; Likert scale; confidence; mild stroke; participation; self-management