title: Endometrial androgen signaling and decidualization regulate trophoblast expansion and invasion in co-culture: A time-lapse study.
abstract: To elucidate whether trophoblast expansion and invasion are modulated by androgen signaling in an in vitro co-culture model system with decidualizing endometrial stromal cells (ESCs).
  
  
  
  We employed an in vitro co-culture model of early embryo implantation, consisting of human ESCs (EtsT499 cells) and spheroids generated by extravillous trophoblast (EVT) derived HTR8/Svneo. The ESCs were decidualized with 8-bromo-cAMP (8-br-cAMP) in the presence or absence of dihydrotestosterone (DHT) at various concentrations for 5 days before co-culture with EVT spheroids. Trophoblast expansion was monitored by fluorescent time-lapse imaging microscopy. ESCs motility was visualized by using CellTracker™ Orange CMRA fluorescent probe. Apoptosis of ESCs was detected by CellEvent™ Caspase-3/7®green detection reagent. Invasion assays were performed to quantify EVT invasion through a chemotaxis cell membrane.
  
  
  
  Expansion of EVT spheroids was significantly enhanced by decidualized compared to undifferentiated ESCs. This process was further stimulated if ESCs were first decidualized in the presence of DHT. In contrast to decidualized ESCs, undifferentiated cells actively migrated away from expanding EVT spheroids. Invasiveness of EVT toward decidualized ESCs was significantly attenuated in comparison to undifferentiated ESCs. DHT had no effect on EVT invasion. However, an inhibitor of intercellular gap junction communication significantly enhanced EVT invasion towards decidualized ESCs.
  
  
  
  These results indicate distinct roles for androgen signaling and gap junction formation in decidual cells in regulating trophoblast expansion and invasion.
authors: Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Saitama Medical University, 38 Morohongo, Moroyama, Iruma-gun, Saitama, Japan; Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand.
authors: Thanyarat
authors: T
authors: Wongwananuruk
authors: Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Saitama Medical University, 38 Morohongo, Moroyama, Iruma-gun, Saitama, Japan; Department of Anatomy, Saitama Medical University, 38 Morohongo, Moroyama, Iruma-gun, Saitama, Japan.
authors: Tomomi
authors: T
authors: Sato
authors: Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Saitama Medical University, 38 Morohongo, Moroyama, Iruma-gun, Saitama, Japan. Electronic address: kajihara@saitama-med.ac.jp.
authors: Takeshi
authors: T
authors: Kajihara
authors: Biomedical Research Center, Division of Morphological Science, Saitama Medical University, 38 Morohongo, Moroyama, Iruma-gun, Saitama, Japan.
authors: Sachiko
authors: S
authors: Matsumoto
authors: Biomedical Research Center, Division of Morphological Science, Saitama Medical University, 38 Morohongo, Moroyama, Iruma-gun, Saitama, Japan.
authors: Masumi
authors: M
authors: Akita
authors: Department of Endocrine and Neural Pharmacology, Tokyo University of Pharmacy & Life Sciences, Horinouchi 1432-1, Hachioji, Tokyo, 192-0392, Japan.
authors: Kazuhiro
authors: K
authors: Tamura
authors: Division of Biomedical Sciences, Warwick Medical School, Clinical Sciences Research Laboratories, University Hospital, Coventry, CV2 2DX, UK.
authors: Jan J
authors: JJ
authors: Brosens
authors: Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Saitama Medical University, 38 Morohongo, Moroyama, Iruma-gun, Saitama, Japan.
authors: Osamu
authors: O
authors: Ishihara
mesh_terms: D000728:Androgens / Q000378:metabolism*; D017209:Apoptosis / Q000502:physiology; D002460:Cell Line; D002465:Cell Movement / Q000502:physiology; D049109:Cell Proliferation / Q000502:physiology; D018920:Coculture Techniques; D003656:Decidua / Q000166:cytology / Q000378:metabolism*; D010064:Embryo Implantation / Q000502:physiology; D004717:Endometrium / Q000166:cytology / Q000378:metabolism*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D015398:Signal Transduction / Q000502:physiology*; D014327:Trophoblasts / Q000166:cytology / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D000728:Androgens
keywords: Androgens; Endometrial decidualization; Extravillous trophoblast; Implantation; Time-lapse