title: Seroprevalence of Babesia bovis, B. bigemina, Trypanosoma evansi, and Anaplasma marginale antibodies in cattle in southern Egypt.
abstract: Babesia bovis, B. bigemina, Trypanosoma evansi, and Anaplasma marginale infections cause serious diseases in cattle, and are primarily transmitted by arthropod vectors (ticks for B. bovis, B. bigemina, and A. marginale and various types of flies for T. evansi). In the last few years, there have been many reports of a high prevalence of certain protozoan infections in northern Egypt, but no accurate or adequate data are available for the southern regions. Therefore, in this study, we screened for evidence of such diseases in economically important cattle species using serum samples. The seroprevalence of protozoan infections in cattle was determined with enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays using species-specific diagnostic antigens. In a total of 301 cattle serum samples, 27 (9.0%), 100 (33.2%), and 127 (42.2%) were positive for specific antibodies against B. bovis, B. bigemina, and T. evansi, respectively. Sera from 90 cattle were also tested for antibodies against A. marginale, and 25 (28%) of them were positive. The highest coinfection rate occurred for B. bigemina and T. evansi with 10.6% (32/301). When age, sex, locality, and breeding system were investigated as predisposing factors, bulls and cattle <3 years old were more vulnerable to B. bovis infections than older animals, and geographic location affected the B. bigemina infection rate. The recorded seroprevalence of hemoprotozoan parasites and A. marginale in cattle suggests that these diseases have the potential capacity to detrimentally affect meat and milk production in southern Egypt.
authors: National Research Center for Protozoan Diseases, Obihiro University of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, Inada-cho, Obihiro, Hokkaido 080-8555, Japan; Department of Animal Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, South Valley University, Qena City, Qena 83523, Egypt. Electronic address: ragabmakhlouf84@yahoo.com.
authors: Ragab M
authors: RM
authors: Fereig
authors: Department of Animal Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, South Valley University, Qena City, Qena 83523, Egypt. Electronic address: samy_gamal@vet.svu.edu.eg.
authors: Samy G A
authors: SGA
authors: Mohamed
authors: Department of Animal Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, South Valley University, Qena City, Qena 83523, Egypt. Electronic address: mhassan@vet.svu.edu.eg.
authors: Hassan Y A H
authors: HYAH
authors: Mahmoud
authors: Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Sadat City, 32511 Sadat City, Minoufiya, Egypt. Electronic address: hethet2004@yahoo.com.
authors: Mahmoud Rezk
authors: MR
authors: AbouLaila
authors: National Research Center for Protozoan Diseases, Obihiro University of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, Inada-cho, Obihiro, Hokkaido 080-8555, Japan. Electronic address: guswanto7@gmail.com.
authors: Azirwan
authors: A
authors: Guswanto
authors: National Research Center for Protozoan Diseases, Obihiro University of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, Inada-cho, Obihiro, Hokkaido 080-8555, Japan; Department of Veterinary Public Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, National University of Agriculture, Trau Quy, Gia Lam, Hanoi, Vietnam. Electronic address: ngthu83thuy@gmail.com.
authors: Thu-Thuy
authors: TT
authors: Nguyen
authors: Department of Animal Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, South Valley University, Qena City, Qena 83523, Egypt. Electronic address: adelqena@lycos.com.
authors: Adel Elsayed
authors: AE
authors: Ahmed Mohamed
authors: National Research Center for Protozoan Diseases, Obihiro University of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, Inada-cho, Obihiro, Hokkaido 080-8555, Japan. Electronic address: ircpmi@obihiro.ac.jp.
authors: Noboru
authors: N
authors: Inoue
authors: National Research Center for Protozoan Diseases, Obihiro University of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, Inada-cho, Obihiro, Hokkaido 080-8555, Japan. Electronic address: igarcpmi@obihiro.ac.jp.
authors: Ikuo
authors: I
authors: Igarashi
authors: National Research Center for Protozoan Diseases, Obihiro University of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, Inada-cho, Obihiro, Hokkaido 080-8555, Japan. Electronic address: nisikawa@obihiro.ac.jp.
authors: Yoshifumi
authors: Y
authors: Nishikawa
mesh_terms: D042322:Anaplasma marginale / Q000276:immunology; D000818:Animals; D000907:Antibodies, Bacterial / Q000097:blood*; D000913:Antibodies, Protozoan / Q000097:blood*; D001403:Babesia / Q000145:classification*; D001404:Babesiosis / Q000097:blood / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000276:immunology; D002417:Cattle; D002418:Cattle Diseases / Q000097:blood* / Q000453:epidemiology; D004534:Egypt / Q000453:epidemiology; D005260:Female; D008297:Male; D012307:Risk Factors; D016036:Seroepidemiologic Studies; D014345:Trypanosoma / Q000276:immunology*
chemical_list: D000907:Antibodies, Bacterial; D000913:Antibodies, Protozoan
keywords: Anaplasma marginale; Babesia bigemina; Babesia bovis; Cattle; Egypt; Trypanosoma evansi