title: A programmable metasurface with dynamic polarization, scattering and focusing control.
abstract: Diverse electromagnetic (EM) responses of a programmable metasurface with a relatively large scale have been investigated, where multiple functionalities are obtained on the same surface. The unit cell in the metasurface is integrated with one PIN diode, and thus a binary coded phase is realized for a single polarization. Exploiting this anisotropic characteristic, reconfigurable polarization conversion is presented first. Then the dynamic scattering performance for two kinds of sources, i.e. a plane wave and a point source, is carefully elaborated. To tailor the scattering properties, genetic algorithm, normally based on binary coding, is coupled with the scattering pattern analysis to optimize the coding matrix. Besides, inverse fast Fourier transform (IFFT) technique is also introduced to expedite the optimization process of a large metasurface. Since the coding control of each unit cell allows a local and direct modulation of EM wave, various EM phenomena including anomalous reflection, diffusion, beam steering and beam forming are successfully demonstrated by both simulations and experiments. It is worthwhile to point out that a real-time switch among these functionalities is also achieved by using a field-programmable gate array (FPGA). All the results suggest that the proposed programmable metasurface has great potentials for future applications.
authors: Information and Navigation Institute, Air Force Engineering University, Xi'an, 710077, China.|Department of Electronic Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China.
authors: Huanhuan
authors: H
authors: Yang
authors: Information and Navigation Institute, Air Force Engineering University, Xi'an, 710077, China.
authors: Xiangyu
authors: X
authors: Cao
authors: Department of Electronic Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China.
authors: Fan
authors: F
authors: Yang
authors: Information and Navigation Institute, Air Force Engineering University, Xi'an, 710077, China.
authors: Jun
authors: J
authors: Gao
authors: Department of Electronic Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China.
authors: Shenheng
authors: S
authors: Xu
authors: Department of Electronic Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China.
authors: Maokun
authors: M
authors: Li
authors: Department of Electronic Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China.
authors: Xibi
authors: X
authors: Chen
authors: Information and Navigation Institute, Air Force Engineering University, Xi'an, 710077, China.
authors: Yi
authors: Y
authors: Zhao
authors: Information and Navigation Institute, Air Force Engineering University, Xi'an, 710077, China.
authors: Yuejun
authors: Y
authors: Zheng
authors: Information and Navigation Institute, Air Force Engineering University, Xi'an, 710077, China.
authors: Sijia
authors: S
authors: Li