title: Production of pyrite nanoparticles using high energy planetary ball milling for sonocatalytic degradation of sulfasalazine.
abstract: Sonocatalytic performance of pyrite nanoparticles was evaluated by the degradation of sulfasalazine (SSZ). Pyrite nanoparticles were produced via a high energy mechanical ball milling (MBM) in different processing time from 2h to 6h, in the constant milling speed of 320rpm. X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) coupled with energy dispersive X-ray (EDX), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) analysis and Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET) confirmed the production of pyrite nanoparticles during 6h of ball milling with the average size distribution of 20-80nm. The effects of various operational parameters including pH value, catalyst amount (mg/L), SSZ concentration (mg/L), ultrasonic frequency (kHz) and reaction time on the SSZ removal efficiency were examined. The obtained results showed that the maximum removal efficiency of 97.00% was obtained at pH value of 4, catalyst dosage of 0.5g/L, SSZ concentration of 10mg/L and reaction time of 30min. Experimental results demonstrated that the kinetic of the degradation process can be demonstrated using Langmuir-Hinshelwood (L-H) kinetic model. The effect of different inorganic ions such as Cl-, CO32-and SO42-was investigated on the L-H reaction rate (kr) and adsorption (Ks) constants. Results showed that the presence of the mentioned ions significantly influenced the L-H constants. The impact of ethanol as a OH radical scavenger and some enhancers including H2O2and K2S2O8was investigated on the SSZ removal efficiency. Accordingly, the presence of ethanol suppressed SSZ degradation due to the quenching of OH radicals and the addition of K2S2O8and H2O2increased the SSZ removal efficiency, due to the formation of SO4-and additional OH radicals, respectively. Under the identical conditions of operating parameters, pyrite nanoparticles maintained their catalytic activity during four consecutive runs.
authors: Research Laboratory of Advanced Water and Wastewater Treatment Processes, Department of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Tabriz, 51666-16471 Tabriz, Iran; Department of Materials Science and Nanotechnology, Near East University, 99138 Nicosia, North Cyprus, Mersin 10, Turkey. Electronic address: a_khataee@tabrizu.ac.ir.
authors: Alireza
authors: A
authors: Khataee
authors: Research Laboratory of Advanced Water and Wastewater Treatment Processes, Department of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Tabriz, 51666-16471 Tabriz, Iran; Department of Mining Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Technology, Imam Khomeini International University, Qazvin, Iran.
authors: Siavash
authors: S
authors: Fathinia
authors: Research Laboratory of Advanced Water and Wastewater Treatment Processes, Department of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Tabriz, 51666-16471 Tabriz, Iran.
authors: Mehrangiz
authors: M
authors: Fathinia
mesh_terms: D002384:Catalysis; D006863:Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; D007501:Iron / Q000737:chemistry*; D007700:Kinetics; D053758:Nanoparticles / Q000737:chemistry*; D013010:Sonication; D012460:Sulfasalazine / Q000737:chemistry*; D013440:Sulfides / Q000737:chemistry*
chemical_list: D013440:Sulfides; C011342:pyrite; D012460:Sulfasalazine; D007501:Iron
keywords: Langmuir–Hinshelwood; Planetary ball mill; Pyrite nanoparticles; Sonocatalysis; Sulfasalazine