title: Sweet Bones: The Pathogenesis of Bone Alteration in Diabetes.
abstract: Diabetic patients have increased fracture risk. The pathogenesis underlying the status of bone alterations in diabetes mellitus is not completely understood but is multifactorial. The major deficits appear to be related to a deficit in mineralized surface area, a decrement in the rate of mineral apposition, deceased osteoid surface, depressed osteoblast activity, and decreased numbers of osteoclasts due to abnormal insulin signaling pathway. Other prominent features of diabetes mellitus are an increased urinary excretion of calcium and magnesium, accumulation of advanced glycation end products, and oxidative stress leading to sweet bones (altered bone's strength, metabolism, and structure). Every diabetic patient should be assessed for risk factors for fractures and osteoporosis. The pathogenesis of the bone alterations in diabetes mellitus as well as their molecular mechanisms needs further study.
authors: Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, University of Dammam, P. O. Box 2114-31451, Dammam, Saudi Arabia.
authors: Mohammed
authors: 0000-0002-9807-4870
authors: M
authors: Al-Hariri
mesh_terms: D001851:Bone Diseases, Metabolic / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000378:metabolism / Q000517:prevention & control; D002118:Calcium / Q000652:urine; D003920:Diabetes Mellitus / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000378:metabolism*; D015444:Exercise; D017127:Glycation End Products, Advanced / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D007004:Hypoglycemic Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use; D008274:Magnesium / Q000652:urine; D010006:Osteoblasts; D010010:Osteoclasts; D010024:Osteoporosis / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000517:prevention & control; D058866:Osteoporotic Fractures / Q000453:epidemiology; D018384:Oxidative Stress; D018570:Risk Assessment; D015431:Weight Loss
chemical_list: D017127:Glycation End Products, Advanced; D007004:Hypoglycemic Agents; D008274:Magnesium; D002118:Calcium