title: Three-layer reconstruction of lower third nasal defects using forehead flap, reversed nasolabial flap, and auricular cartilage.
abstract: The reconstruction of a full-thickness defect of the distal third of the nose requires the restoration of all three anatomical layers. A practical method for three-layer reconstruction of the lower third of the nose and the long-term results of this technique are presented herein. A combined reconstruction technique was utilized, including a reverse subcutaneous pedicled nasolabial flap to restore the nasal mucosa, an auricular cartilage graft for structural support, and a forehead flap for cutaneous coverage of the defect. This technique was applied in 21 patients following the full-thickness excision of basal cell carcinoma of the lower part of the nose. All patients (12 male and nine female; mean age 59.8 years) were treated successfully and were satisfied with the aesthetic and functional outcomes. The wound had to be further revised in three cases for the correction of contour or residual deformities; however, no further complications were experienced. One patient had a wound infection and the cartilage had to be removed. The grafting procedure was repeated successfully after resolution of the infection. Donor site morbidity was unremarkable. Combined flaps from the forehead and nasolabial regions with an incorporated auricular cartilage graft can be used to reconstruct full-thickness defects of the lower third of the nose.
authors: Klinikum Lippe, Academic Hospital of the University of Hannover, Detmold, Germany; Medical Faculty, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany.
authors: A
authors: A
authors: Ghassemi
authors: Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Dr. Z.A. Dental College, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, India. Electronic address: drssahmed@msn.com.
authors: S S
authors: SS
authors: Ahmed
authors: Department of Maxillofacial Surgery, Shahid Beheshti Hospital, University of Medical Science, Babol, Iran.
authors: H
authors: H
authors: Ghanepur
authors: Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, RWTH Aachen University Hospital, Aachen, Germany.
authors: A
authors: A
authors: Modabber
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D002280:Basal Cell Carcinoma / Q000601:surgery*; D004425:Ear Cartilage / Q000637:transplantation*; D005260:Female; D005546:Forehead / Q000601:surgery*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009669:Nose Neoplasms / Q000601:surgery*; D012225:Rhinoplasty / Q000379:methods*; D016038:Skin Transplantation / Q000379:methods*; D016896:Treatment Outcome
keywords: auricular cartilage; forehead flap; reversed nasolabial flap; three-layer nasal reconstruction