title: [Glucagon-like peptide 1 improves learning and memory abilities of rats with type 2 diabetes].
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To investigate the effect of glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP-1) on cognitive dysfunction in diabetic rats.
  
  
  METHODS
  Male SD rats were randomly divided into normal control group, diabetes mellitus (DM) group, and GLP-1 treatment group. Rat models of type 2 diabetes were established by high-sugar and high-fat feeding and streptozotocin (STZ) injection, and 25 days after the onset of diabetes, GLP-1 was infused in GLP-1 treatment group at the rate of 30 pmol·kg-1·min-1via a subcutaneous osmotic pump for 7 days. The learning and cognitive ability of the rats was assessed with Morris water maze test, and the expression of cognition-related genes in the hippocampus tissue was detected with real-time PCR, Western blotting and immunohistochemical staining.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Compared with the normal control group, the diabetic rats showed significantly decreased learning and memory abilities (P<0.05) with increased hippocampal expressions of APP, BACE1, Arc, ERK1/2, PKA, and PKC mRNAs (P<0.05) and Arc protein. Compared with diabetic rats, GLP-1-treated rats showed significantly improvements in the learning and memory function (P<0.05) with decreased expressions of APP, BACE1, Arc, ERK1/2, and PKA mRNAs (P<0.05) and Arc protein.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  GLP-1 can improve cognitive dysfunctions in diabetic rats possibly by regulating the PKC, PKA, and ERK1/2 pathways and inhibiting Arc expression in the hippocampus.
authors: 1School of Biotechnology, 2International Center for Metabolic Diseases,4Department of Neurobiology,School of Basic Medical Sciences,Southern Medical University,Guangzhou 510515,China; 3Dongguan SMU Metabolic Medicine R&D Inc,Dongguan 523000,China; 5UCLA Center for Excellence in Pancreatic Disease,David Geffen School of Medicine,University of California,Los Angeles,California 90095,USA. E-mail: 466311897@qq.com.
authors: Zhao-Guang
authors: ZG
authors: Tan
authors: Wei-Hong
authors: WH
authors: Gao
authors: Xiang-Sheng
authors: XS
authors: Cai
authors: Fang
authors: F
authors: Wang
authors: Hong-Xiang
authors: HX
authors: Hui
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D003921:Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental / Q000188:drug therapy*; D003924:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / Q000188:drug therapy*; D052216:Glucagon-Like Peptide 1 / Q000494:pharmacology*; D006624:Hippocampus / Q000187:drug effects; D007858:Learning / Q000187:drug effects*; D008297:Male; D008568:Memory / Q000187:drug effects*; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D060888:Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction; D013311:Streptozocin
chemical_list: D013311:Streptozocin; D052216:Glucagon-Like Peptide 1