title: Evaluation of therapeutic potentials of plant extracts against poultry bacteria threatening public health.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Plant extracts were evaluated on poultry bacteria known to be threatening public health. This is to develop better bio-therapeutic agents from plant origin.
  
  
  METHODS
  Bacteria were isolated from water, feed, crop, gizzard and faeces of layer chicken. Isolates of interest (Escherichia coli, Salmonella enteritidis, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Klebsiella oxytoca) were subjected to antibiotic susceptibility test. Resistant strains were further evaluated against different plant extracts in comparison to Meropenem (control) using agar diffusion method.
  
  
  RESULTS
  E. coli had the highest occurrence (53 %), followed by P. aeruginosa (25 %) and then S. enteritidis (13 %) while the least was K. oxytoca (9 %). Virtually all the isolates exhibited multi-antibiotic resistance (MAR) with gross resistance to Amoxicillin, Erythromycin and Cefuroxine. P. aeruginosa (75 %), S. enteritidis (75 %) and E. coli (63 %), had the highest MAR. Out of the 11 (100 %) plant extracts evaluated, 7 (64 %) were outstanding and showed varied levels of antibacterial activity. Specifically, methanol extract of Mangifera indica Julie cultivar leaf (MJLM) had the highest antibacterial activity, followed by Euadenia trifoliata stem bark (TB03) and Euadenia eminens leaf (TB05). P. aeruginosa was highly susceptible (81.81 %) to the extracts, followed by S. enteritidis (63.64 %) and then E. coli (27.27 %).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  MJLM and other extracts have proven to be promising extracts in which to search for bioactive components that can be developed into therapeutic drugs. This may help in the management of antibiotic resistant bacterial isolates from poultry chicken threatening public health.
authors: Department of Biological Sciences, Ajayi Crowther University, Oyo, Nigeria. mos4me@gmail.com.|Department of Biological Sciences, Mountain Top University, Prayer City, Nigeria. mos4me@gmail.com.
authors: Moses
authors: M
authors: Abiala
authors: Department of Biological Sciences, Ajayi Crowther University, Oyo, Nigeria.
authors: John
authors: J
authors: Olayiwola
authors: Department of Chemical Sciences, Ajayi Crowther University, Oyo, Nigeria.
authors: Oluwatoyin
authors: O
authors: Babatunde
authors: Department of Chemistry, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria.
authors: Olapeju
authors: O
authors: Aiyelaagbe
authors: Fruits and Biotechnology Unit, National Horticultural Research Institute, Ibadan, Nigeria.
authors: Sunday
authors: S
authors: Akinyemi
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology*; D001419:Bacteria / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000472:pathogenicity; D024901:Drug Resistance, Multiple, Bacterial; D008826:Microbial Sensitivity Tests; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology*; D011200:Poultry / Q000382:microbiology*; D011634:Public Health
chemical_list: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents; D010936:Plant Extracts
keywords: Antimicrobial; Extracts; Multidrug resistant bacteria; Poultry; Public health