title: Overlapping molecular pathways between cannabinoid receptors type 1 and 2 and estrogens/androgens on the periphery and their involvement in the pathogenesis of common diseases (Review).
abstract: The physiological and pathophysiological roles of sex hormones have been well documented and the modulation of their effects is applicable in many current treatments. On the other hand, the physiological role of endocannabinoids is not yet clearly understood and the endocannabinoid system is considered a relatively new therapeutic target. The physiological association between sex hormones and cannabinoids has been investigated in several studies; however, its involvement in the pathophysiology of common human diseases has been studied separately. Herein, we present the first systematic review of molecular pathways that are influenced by both the cannabinoids and sex hormones, including adenylate cyclase and protein kinase A, epidermal growth factor receptor, cyclic adenosine monophosphate response element-binding protein, vascular endothelial growth factor, proto-oncogene serine/threonine-protein kinase, mitogen-activated protein kinase, phosphatidylinositol-4,5-bisphosphate 3-kinase, C-Jun N-terminal kinase and extracellular-signal-regulated kinases 1/2. Most of these influence cell proliferative activity. Better insight into this association may prove to be beneficial for the development of novel pharmacological treatment strategies for many common diseases, including breast cancer, endometrial cancer, prostate cancer, osteoporosis and atherosclerosis. The associations between cannabinoids, estrogens and androgens under these conditions are also presented and the molecular interactions are highlighted.
authors: Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Maribor, SI-2000 Maribor, Slovenia.
authors: Luka
authors: L
authors: Dobovišek
authors: Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Maribor, SI-2000 Maribor, Slovenia.
authors: Marko
authors: M
authors: Hojnik
authors: Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Maribor, SI-2000 Maribor, Slovenia.
authors: Polonca
authors: P
authors: Ferk
mesh_terms: D000728:Androgens / Q000378:metabolism*; D000818:Animals; D002186:Cannabinoids / Q000378:metabolism; D004198:Disease Susceptibility; D004967:Estrogens / Q000378:metabolism*; D006801:Humans; D000090063:Proto-Oncogene Mas; D043884:Receptor, Cannabinoid, CB1 / Q000378:metabolism*; D043885:Receptor, Cannabinoid, CB2 / Q000378:metabolism*; D015398:Signal Transduction
chemical_list: D000728:Androgens; D002186:Cannabinoids; D004967:Estrogens; C000715470:MAS1 protein, human; D000090063:Proto-Oncogene Mas; D043884:Receptor, Cannabinoid, CB1; D043885:Receptor, Cannabinoid, CB2