title: Fully Awake Breast Reduction.
abstract: The authors present 25 cases and an in-depth 4-minute video of fully awake aesthetic breast reduction, which was made possible by thoracic epidural anesthesia. There are obvious and important advantages to this technique. Not only does this allow for intraoperative patient cooperation (i.e., patient self-positioning and opinion for comparison of breasts), meaning a shorter and more efficient intraoperative time, there also is a reduction in postoperative pain, complications, recovery, and discharge times. The authors have also enjoyed great success and no complications with this technique in over 150 awake abdominoplasty/total body lift patients. The authors feel that the elimination of the need for general anesthesia by thoracic epidural sensorial-only anesthesia is a highly effective and efficient technique, with very few disadvantages/complications, providing advantages to both patients and surgeons.
  
  
  METHODS
  Therapeutic, IV.
authors: Haifa, Israel.|From the Department of Plastic Surgery, Elisha Hospital.
authors: Simon A
authors: SA
authors: Filson
authors: Haifa, Israel.|From the Department of Plastic Surgery, Elisha Hospital.
authors: Danielle
authors: D
authors: Yarhi
authors: Haifa, Israel.|From the Department of Plastic Surgery, Elisha Hospital.
authors: Yitzhak
authors: Y
authors: Ramon
mesh_terms: D061645:Abdominoplasty / Q000379:methods / Q000523:psychology; D000577:Amides / Q000008:administration & dosage; D000767:Anesthesia, Epidural / Q000379:methods; D000779:Anesthetics, Local / Q000008:administration & dosage; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007902:Length of Stay; D016462:Mammaplasty / Q000379:methods* / Q000523:psychology; D010149:Postoperative Pain / Q000517:prevention & control; D056888:Patient Positioning; D017060:Patient Satisfaction; D011183:Postoperative Complications / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000209:etiology; D020250:Postoperative Nausea and Vomiting / Q000517:prevention & control; D011229:Preanesthetic Medication; D012086:Reoperation; D000077212:Ropivacaine; D049291:Seroma / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000209:etiology; D013529:Surgical Wound Dehiscence / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000209:etiology; D013904:Thoracic Vertebrae; D014851:Wakefulness
chemical_list: D000577:Amides; D000779:Anesthetics, Local; D000077212:Ropivacaine