title: Inflammatory markers in saliva as indicators of gingival inflammation in cerebral palsy children with and without cervical motor control.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate the relation among gingival inflammation, salivary osmolality, levels of IL-1β, IL-6, IL-8, TNF-α, and s-IgA concentrations in children with spastic CP with or without cervical motor control in a cross-sectional study.
  
  
  METHODS
  Unstimulated whole saliva and the gingival index were collected in 37 and 34 CP children with and without cervical motor control, respectively. The data were dichotomized as follows: (=0) absence of gingival inflammation and (≥0.1) presence of gingival inflammation.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The group without cervical control presented statistically higher mean values of salivary osmolality, s-IgA, and cytokines. In addition, statistically positive correlation between the gingival index and salivary cytokines was observed in the group with cervical control. Salivary osmolality, salivary cytokines, and s-IgA from both groups presented a significant positive correlation. Significant differences (P = 0.00336) in the values of salivary osmolality were observed between the CP individuals with (93.9 ± 32.7) and without gingival inflammation (74.4 ± 16.6). ROC analysis was performed, and values of salivary osmolality >80 indicated a sensitivity of 0.54 and a specificity of 0.79.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Children without cervical motor control presented a more pronounced oral inflammatory status that was characterized by higher levels of cytokines.
authors: Individuals with Special Needs, Cruzeiro do Sul University, São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
authors: Maria Teresa Botti Rodrigues
authors: MTBR
authors: Santos
authors: Pediatric Dentistry, Cruzeiro do Sul University, São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
authors: Michele Baffi
authors: MB
authors: Diniz
authors: Pediatric Dentistry, Cruzeiro do Sul University, São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
authors: Renata Oliveira
authors: RO
authors: Guaré
authors: Pediatric Dentistry, São Paulo Metodista University, São Bernardo do Campo, SP, Brazil.
authors: Maria Cristina Duarte
authors: MCD
authors: Ferreira
authors: Individuals with Special Needs, Cruzeiro do Sul University, São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
authors: Gabriela Mancia
authors: GM
authors: Gutierrez
authors: Postgraduate Interdisciplinary Program in Health Sciences, Institute of Physical Activity Sciences and Sports, Cruzeiro do Sul University, São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
authors: Renata
authors: R
authors: Gorjão
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D015415:Biomarkers; D001938:Brazil / Q000453:epidemiology; D002547:Cerebral Palsy / Q000150:complications*; D002648:Child; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D016207:Cytokines / Q000032:analysis; D005260:Female; D005891:Gingivitis / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000276:immunology*; D006801:Humans; D007070:Immunoglobulin A / Q000032:analysis; D007249:Inflammation; D053583:Interleukin-1beta / Q000032:analysis; D015850:Interleukin-6 / Q000032:analysis; D016209:Interleukin-8 / Q000032:analysis; D008297:Male; D009994:Osmolar Concentration; D010512:Periodontal Index; D012046:Rehabilitation; D012463:Saliva / Q000737:chemistry*; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000032:analysis
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; D016207:Cytokines; D007070:Immunoglobulin A; D053583:Interleukin-1beta; D015850:Interleukin-6; D016209:Interleukin-8; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha