title: Bridging the gap between gas and liquid chromatography.
abstract: The rapid and complete baseline separation of both volatile (C5to C16alkanes in gasoline or terpenes in plant extracts) and non-volatile (>C20alkanes) organic compounds was achieved by combining (1) low-density fluid chromatography (LDFC) using carbon dioxide at elevated temperature (>90°C) and low pressure (1500psi) designed to increase the retention of the most volatile compounds and (2) high-vacuum technology (<10-4Torr) in order to preserve the maximum efficiency of short analytical columns (3.0mm×150mm packed with 1.8μm fully porous HSS-SB-C18particles) when used in LDFC. The volatile compounds are eluted first under isobaric conditions (1500psi) in less than a minute followed by a linear gradient of the column back pressure (from 1500 to 3500psi in 5min) for the elution of the non-volatile compounds up to C40. The experimental results demonstrate that LDFC performed with short 3.0mm i.d. columns packed with sub-2μm particles and placed under adiabatic conditions enables the analysts to deliver a single, fast, and high-resolution separation of both volatile and non-volatile compounds.
authors: Waters Corporation, Instrument/Core Research/Fundamental, Milford, MA 01757, USA. Electronic address: Fabrice_Gritti@waters.com.
authors: Fabrice
authors: F
authors: Gritti
authors: Waters Corporation, Instrument/Core Research/Fundamental, Milford, MA 01757, USA.
authors: Michael
authors: M
authors: Fogwill
authors: Waters Corporation, Instrument/Core Research/Fundamental, Milford, MA 01757, USA.
authors: Martin
authors: M
authors: Gilar
authors: Waters Corporation, Instrument/Core Research/Fundamental, Milford, MA 01757, USA.
authors: Joseph A
authors: JA
authors: Jarrell
mesh_terms: D000473:Alkanes / Q000737:chemistry / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D002188:Cannabis / Q000737:chemistry; D002245:Carbon Dioxide / Q000737:chemistry; D002853:Chromatography, Liquid / Q000379:methods*; D005740:Gases / Q000737:chemistry / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D005742:Gasoline / Q000032:analysis; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000737:chemistry; D016062:Porosity; D011312:Pressure; D013696:Temperature; D013729:Terpenes / Q000737:chemistry / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D014835:Volatilization
chemical_list: D000473:Alkanes; D005740:Gases; D005742:Gasoline; D010936:Plant Extracts; D013729:Terpenes; D002245:Carbon Dioxide
keywords: Carbon dioxide; Fast and high-resolution separation; Low-density fluid chromatography; Supercritical fluid chromatography; Vacuum technology; Volatile and non-volatile compounds