title: Associations among plasma metabolite levels and short-term exposure to PM2.5and ozone in a cardiac catheterization cohort.
abstract: Exposure to ambient particulate matter (PM) and ozone has been associated with cardiovascular disease (CVD). However, the mechanisms linking PM and ozone exposure to CVD remain poorly understood.
  
  
  
  This study explored associations between short-term exposures to PM with a diameter <2.5μm (PM2.5) and ozone with plasma metabolite concentrations.
  
  
  
  We used cross-sectional data from a cardiac catheterization cohort at Duke University, North Carolina (NC), USA, accumulated between 2001 and 2007. Amino acids, acylcarnitines, ketones and total non-esterified fatty acid plasma concentrations were determined in fasting samples. Daily concentrations of PM2.5and ozone were obtained from a Bayesian space-time hierarchical model, matched to each patient's residential address. Ten metabolites were selected for the analysis based on quality criteria and cluster analysis. Associations between metabolites and PM2.5or ozone were analyzed using linear regression models adjusting for long-term trend and seasonality, calendar effects, meteorological parameters, and participant characteristics. We found delayed associations between PM2.5or ozone and changes in metabolite levels of the glycine-ornithine-arginine metabolic axis and incomplete fatty acid oxidation associated with mitochondrial dysfunction. The strongest association was seen for an increase of 8.1μg/m3in PM2.5with a lag of one day and decreased mean glycine concentrations (-2.5% [95% confidence interval: -3.8%; -1.2%]).
  
  
  
  Short-term exposures to ambient PM2.5and ozone is associated with changes in plasma concentrations of metabolites in a cohort of cardiac catheterization patients. Our findings might help to understand the link between air pollution and cardiovascular disease.
authors: Institute of Epidemiology II, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg, Germany. Electronic address: susanne.breitner@helmholtz-muenchen.de.
authors: Susanne
authors: S
authors: Breitner
authors: Institute of Epidemiology II, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg, Germany.
authors: Alexandra
authors: A
authors: Schneider
authors: National Health and Environmental Effects Research Laboratory, US Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC, USA.
authors: Robert B
authors: RB
authors: Devlin
authors: Institute of Epidemiology II, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg, Germany; School of Medicine, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA.
authors: Cavin K
authors: CK
authors: Ward-Caviness
authors: National Health and Environmental Effects Research Laboratory, US Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC, USA.
authors: David
authors: D
authors: Diaz-Sanchez
authors: National Health and Environmental Effects Research Laboratory, US Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC, USA.
authors: Lucas M
authors: LM
authors: Neas
authors: National Health and Environmental Effects Research Laboratory, US Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC, USA.
authors: Wayne E
authors: WE
authors: Cascio
authors: Institute of Epidemiology II, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg, Germany.
authors: Annette
authors: A
authors: Peters
authors: School of Medicine, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA.
authors: Elizabeth R
authors: ER
authors: Hauser
authors: School of Medicine, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA.
authors: Svati H
authors: SH
authors: Shah
authors: School of Medicine, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA.
authors: William E
authors: WE
authors: Kraus
mesh_terms: D000393:Air Pollutants / Q000633:toxicity*; D000397:Air Pollution / Q000032:analysis; D001120:Arginine / Q000378:metabolism; D001499:Bayes Theorem; D006328:Cardiac Catheterization; D002318:Cardiovascular Diseases / Q000097:blood / Q000628:therapy*; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D005227:Fatty Acids / Q000378:metabolism; D005260:Female; D005998:Glycine / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D055442:Metabolome; D008875:Middle Aged; D008954:Models, Biological; D009952:Ornithine / Q000378:metabolism; D010084:Oxidation-Reduction; D010126:Ozone / Q000633:toxicity*; D052638:Particulate Matter / Q000633:toxicity*
chemical_list: D000393:Air Pollutants; D005227:Fatty Acids; D052638:Particulate Matter; D010126:Ozone; D001120:Arginine; D009952:Ornithine; D005998:Glycine
keywords: Cardiovascular disease; Metabolomics; Ozone; Particulate matter