title: Bioelectrical Impedance Analysis (BIA) of the association of the Japanese Kampo concept "Suidoku" (fluid disturbance) and the body composition of women.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  In Japanese Kampo medical practice, suidoku (fluid disturbance) is one of the most important concepts for selecting the proper medication. Suidoku is an excessive or uneven distribution of fluid that is indicated by splashing sounds and pitting edema. However, few objective reports about suidoku have been published. Bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA) uses resistance values obtained from weak electrical currents to estimate body composition, including intracellular and extracellular water and muscle and fat mass. In this study, we used BIA to search for objective factors that can discriminate the various types of suidoku.
  
  
  METHODS
  Two hundred twenty-nine patients who visited the Kampo Medicine Clinic of Kyushu University Hospital from June 2010 to August 2015 were divided into non-suidoku (n = 180, 80 male and 100 female), splashing sound (n = 32, 8 male and 24 female) and edema groups (n = 17, 5 male and 12 female). Body composition values were taken from the electronic medical records of InBody730 (a vertical, segmental, multi-frequency analyzer by InBody, Tokyo Japan) testing done at the initial visit. Various parameters of the body composition values of female in the non-suidoku and suidoku groups (splashing sound and edema groups) were compared: there were too few male patients to provide significance.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The age and body weight were significantly lower in the splashing sound group than in the non-suidoku group (p < 0.05). In contrast, the body weight of the edema group was significantly heavier than that of the non-suidoku group (p < 0.05). In ROC analysis, the percent Body Fat ≤ 27.8 %, Muscle Mass Index of the Trunk ≤ 6.5 kg/m2, VFA (Visceral fat area) ≤ 5.4 and BMI ≤ 19.2 kg/m2were associated with splashing sound, and Muscle Mass Index of Legs ≥ 4.8 kg/m2and BMI ≥ 21.4 kg/m2were associated with edema.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our data suggest that the use of this type of BIA to estimate body composition would be a useful tool for the diagnosis of suidoku for women.
authors: Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Care, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyushu University, 3-1-1 Maidashi, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka, 812-8582, Japan.
authors: Aya
authors: A
authors: Murakami
authors: Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Care, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyushu University, 3-1-1 Maidashi, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka, 812-8582, Japan.
authors: Daisuke
authors: D
authors: Kobayashi
authors: Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Care, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyushu University, 3-1-1 Maidashi, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka, 812-8582, Japan.
authors: Toshio
authors: T
authors: Kubota
authors: Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Care, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyushu University, 3-1-1 Maidashi, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka, 812-8582, Japan.
authors: Niina
authors: N
authors: Zukeyama
authors: Department of General Internal Medicine, Kyushu University, 3-1-1 Maidashi, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka, 812-8582, Japan.
authors: Haru
authors: H
authors: Mukae
authors: Department of General Internal Medicine, Kyushu University, 3-1-1 Maidashi, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka, 812-8582, Japan.
authors: Norihiro
authors: N
authors: Furusyo
authors: Community Medicine Education Unit, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyushu University, 3-1-1 Maidashi, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka, 812-8582, Japan. kainuma@gim.med.kyushu-ac.jp.|Department of General Internal Medicine, Kyushu University, 3-1-1 Maidashi, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka, 812-8582, Japan. kainuma@gim.med.kyushu-ac.jp.
authors: Mosaburo
authors: M
authors: Kainuma
authors: Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Care, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyushu University, 3-1-1 Maidashi, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka, 812-8582, Japan.
authors: Takao
authors: T
authors: Shimazoe
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D001823:Body Composition / Q000502:physiology*; D001826:Body Fluids / Q000502:physiology*; D004487:Edema / Q000503:physiopathology; D017097:Electric Impedance; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D020835:Medicine, Kampo; D008875:Middle Aged; D012189:Retrospective Studies
keywords: Bioelectrical impedance analysis; Body composition; Fluid disturbance; Kampo; Suidoku