title: Vertical asymmetry of lamina cribrosa tilt angles using wide bandwidth, femtosecond mode-locked laser OCT; effect of myopia and glaucoma.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Morphological features of the lamina cribrosa (LC) and optic disc may be important in the pathogenesis of glaucoma and myopic neuropathy. We therefore performed a cross-sectional study of patients with glaucoma and myopic neuropathy to evaluate vertical asymmetry of LC tilt angles (LCTAs) from Bruch's membrane opening (BMO).
  
  
  METHODS
  Forty-six control eyes and 35 primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG) eyes were included. A raster scanning protocol with 300 single B-scans (without averaging) were obtained using optical coherence tomography with a wide-bandwidth, femtosecond mode-locked (ML) laser. Superior temporal to inferior nasal (ST) direction and inferior temporal to superior nasal (IT) direction (±45° rotation with a horizontal line) lines were drawn, and the angle between the inner edge of the BMO plane and the best fitting line for the anterior LC plane was measured as the LCTA. The generalized estimating equation was used to analyze the eye-derived data.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Although no significant differences in either ST-LTCAs or IT-LTCAs were observed between the glaucoma group and non-glaucoma group, the IT-LCTAs were found to be significantly greater than the ST-LCTA in both the glaucoma and non-glaucoma groups (P < 0.001). After adjustment for other potential confounding factors by multivariate analysis, greater refractive errors were significantly correlated with IT-LCTAs.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Vertical asymmetry of the LC tilting from the BMO plane exists in both normal and POAG eyes, and correlates with the degree of myopia.
authors: Department of Ophthalmology, Saitama Medical University, 38 Morohongo Moroyama-machi, Iruma, Saitama, 350-0495, Japan. shoojii@saitama-med.ac.jp.|Advanced Laser Medical Center, Department of Ophthalmology, Saitama Medical University, Iruma, Saitama, Japan. shoojii@saitama-med.ac.jp.
authors: Takuhei
authors: http://orcid.org/0000-0002-5464-2573
authors: T
authors: Shoji
authors: Advanced Laser Medical Center, Department of Ophthalmology, Saitama Medical University, Iruma, Saitama, Japan.
authors: Hiroto
authors: H
authors: Kuroda
authors: Advanced Laser Medical Center, Department of Ophthalmology, Saitama Medical University, Iruma, Saitama, Japan.
authors: Masayuki
authors: M
authors: Suzuki
authors: Department of Ophthalmology, Saitama Medical University, 38 Morohongo Moroyama-machi, Iruma, Saitama, 350-0495, Japan.|Advanced Laser Medical Center, Department of Ophthalmology, Saitama Medical University, Iruma, Saitama, Japan.
authors: Hisashi
authors: H
authors: Ibuki
authors: Department of Ophthalmology, Saitama Medical University, 38 Morohongo Moroyama-machi, Iruma, Saitama, 350-0495, Japan.|Department of Ophthalmology, Kanto Central Hospital, Tokyo, Japan.
authors: Makoto
authors: M
authors: Araie
authors: Department of Ophthalmology, Saitama Medical University, 38 Morohongo Moroyama-machi, Iruma, Saitama, 350-0495, Japan.|Advanced Laser Medical Center, Department of Ophthalmology, Saitama Medical University, Iruma, Saitama, Japan.
authors: Shin
authors: S
authors: Yoneya
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D005260:Female; D005902:Glaucoma, Open-Angle / Q000175:diagnosis*; D006801:Humans; D021621:Imaging, Three-Dimensional; D007834:Lasers; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009216:Myopia / Q000175:diagnosis*; D009898:Optic Disk / Q000473:pathology*; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D041623:Tomography, Optical Coherence / Q000379:methods*
keywords: Glaucoma; Lamina cribrosa; Mode-locked laser; Myopia; Optical coherence tomography