title: Most preschool children hospitalised for acute rhinosinusitis had orbital complications, more common in the youngest and among boys.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  This study established the incidence of acute rhinosinusitis and related orbital complications in tertiary care in Stockholm County and surveyed the clinical outcomes.
  
  
  METHODS
  This was a population-based, retrospective, observational study, from July 1, 2003 to June 30, 2007, of the hospital admissions records of 213 children up to five years old, with a diagnosis of sinusitis and related complications.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Preseptal cellulitis was present in 171 of the 213 admissions, which equated to an incidence of orbital complications due to acute rhinosinusitis of 36 per 100 000 people per year (95% confidence interval 26-49). Postseptal complications occurred in seven cases. The incidence rate ratio for hospitalisation of children less than two years old with rhinosinusitis compared with children aged 2-5 years was 2.8 (95% confidence interval 1.8-4.4). The incidence among boys was 53 per 100 000 people per year and 36 per 100 000 people per year for girls, and the incidence rate ratio was 1.5 (95% confidence interval 1.0-2.3). The most common bacterial finding was Streptococcus pneumoniae.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Most children hospitalised for acute rhinosinusitis had an orbital complication, and this was more common in children under the age of two years and boys. Severe postseptal complications were rare.
authors: Sach's Children and Youth Hospital, South General Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden.|Department of Medicine, Clinical Epidemiology Unit, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.
authors: L
authors: L
authors: Schollin Ask
authors: Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden.|Department of Clinical Science, Intervention and Technology (CLINTEC), Division of Ear, Nose- and Throat Diseases, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.
authors: S
authors: S
authors: Hultman Dennison
authors: Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden.|Department of Clinical Science, Intervention and Technology (CLINTEC), Division of Ear, Nose- and Throat Diseases, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.
authors: P
authors: P
authors: Stjärne
authors: Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden.|Department of Clinical Science, Intervention and Technology (CLINTEC), Division of Ear, Nose- and Throat Diseases, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.
authors: A
authors: A
authors: Granath
authors: Department of Radiology, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden.
authors: S
authors: S
authors: Srivastava
authors: Astrid Lindgren Children's Hospital, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden.
authors: M
authors: M
authors: Eriksson
authors: Public Health Agency of Sweden, Solna, Sweden.|Department of Public Health Sciences, Division of Global Health, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.
authors: A
authors: A
authors: Lindstrand
authors: Sach's Children and Youth Hospital, South General Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden.
authors: M
authors: M
authors: Ryd Rinder
mesh_terms: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage; D002675:Child, Preschool; D005260:Female; D006760:Hospitalization; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D008297:Male; D009916:Orbital Diseases / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000209:etiology* / Q000382:microbiology; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012220:Rhinitis / Q000150:complications* / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000382:microbiology; D012852:Sinusitis / Q000150:complications* / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000382:microbiology; D013548:Sweden / Q000453:epidemiology; D014057:Tomography, X-Ray Computed
chemical_list: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents
keywords: Hospitalisation; Orbital complications; Preschool children; Preseptal cellulitis; Sinusitis