title: 1H magnetic resonance spectroscopy evidence for occipital involvement in treatment-naive paediatric obsessive-compulsive disorder.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) is a chronic psychiatric disorder leading to considerable distress and disability. Therapies are effective in a majority of paediatric patients, however, many only get partial response. It is therefore important to study the underlying pathophysiology of the disorder.
  
  
  METHODS
  1H magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) was used to study the concentration of brain metabolites in four different locations (cingulate gyrus and sulcus, occipital cortex, thalamus and right caudate nucleus). Treatment-naive children and adolescents with OCD (13 subjects) were compared with a group of healthy age- and gender-matched subjects (11 subjects). Multivariate analyses were performed on the concentration values.
  
  
  RESULTS
  No separation between controls and patients was found. However, a correlation between metabolite concentrations and symptom severity as measured with the Children's Yale-Brown Obsessive-Compulsive Scale (CY-BOCS) was found. Strongest was the correlation with the CY-BOCS obsession subscore and aspartate and choline in the caudate nucleus (positively correlated with obsessions), lipids at 2 and 0.9 ppm in thalamus, and occipital glutamate+glutamine, N-acetylaspartate and myo-inosytol (negatively correlated with obsessions).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The observed correlations between 1H MRS and CY-BOCS in treatment-naive patients further supports an occipital involvement in OCD. The results are consistent with our previous study on adult OCD patients. The 1H MRS data were not supportive of a separation between the patient and control groups.
authors: 1Department of Radiation Physics,Institute of Clinical Sciences,Sahlgrenska Academy,University of Gothenburg,Göteborg,Sweden.
authors: Maria
authors: http://orcid.org/0000-0001-8991-2353
authors: M
authors: Ljungberg
authors: 3Department of Neuroscience and Rehabilitation,Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology,Sahlgrenska Academy,University of Gothenburg,Göteborg,Sweden.
authors: Marie K L
authors: MKL
authors: Nilsson
authors: 4Department of Neurology, Psychiatry and Habilitation,Sahlgrenska University Hospital,Göteborg,Sweden.
authors: Karin
authors: K
authors: Melin
authors: 6Department of Radiology,Institute of Clinical Sciences,University of Gothenburg,Göteborg,Sweden.
authors: Lars
authors: L
authors: Jönsson
authors: 3Department of Neuroscience and Rehabilitation,Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology,Sahlgrenska Academy,University of Gothenburg,Göteborg,Sweden.
authors: Arvid
authors: A
authors: Carlsson
authors: 1Department of Radiation Physics,Institute of Clinical Sciences,Sahlgrenska Academy,University of Gothenburg,Göteborg,Sweden.
authors: Åsa
authors: Å
authors: Carlsson
authors: 1Department of Radiation Physics,Institute of Clinical Sciences,Sahlgrenska Academy,University of Gothenburg,Göteborg,Sweden.
authors: Eva
authors: E
authors: Forssell-Aronsson
authors: 4Department of Neurology, Psychiatry and Habilitation,Sahlgrenska University Hospital,Göteborg,Sweden.
authors: Tord
authors: T
authors: Ivarsson
authors: 3Department of Neuroscience and Rehabilitation,Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology,Sahlgrenska Academy,University of Gothenburg,Göteborg,Sweden.
authors: Maria
authors: M
authors: Carlsson
authors: 1Department of Radiation Physics,Institute of Clinical Sciences,Sahlgrenska Academy,University of Gothenburg,Göteborg,Sweden.
authors: Göran
authors: G
authors: Starck
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D001224:Aspartic Acid / Q000031:analogs & derivatives / Q000378:metabolism; D001921:Brain / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000378:metabolism; D002648:Child; D002794:Choline / Q000378:metabolism; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007294:Inositol / Q000378:metabolism; D008297:Male; D009771:Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000503:physiopathology; D009778:Occipital Lobe / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000378:metabolism; D066244:Proton Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy / Q000379:methods*; D012720:Severity of Illness Index
chemical_list: D001224:Aspartic Acid; D007294:Inositol; C000179:N-acetylaspartate; D002794:Choline
keywords: magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS); neuroimaging; obsessive–compulsive disorder; occipital lobe