title: Prevalence of oral cancer, oral potentially malignant disorders and other oral mucosal lesions in Cambodia.
abstract: To obtain data on the prevalence of oral mucosal lesions (OMLs) among Cambodians, and to assess the relationship between known risk habits of oral diseases with prevalence of oral potentially malignant disorders (OPMDs).
  
  
  
  This was a population-based, cross-sectional study whereby subjects were adults aged 18 years old and above. A workshop on the identification of OML was held to train and calibrate dental officers prior to data collection in the field. Sociodemographic and risk habits data were collected via face-to-face interview, whilst presence of OML and clinical details of lesions such as type and site were collected following clinical oral examination by the examiners. Data analysis was carried out using the Statistical Package for Social Science (SPSS) version 12.0. The association between risk habits and risk of OPMD was explored using logistic regression analysis.
  
  
  
  A total of 1634 subjects were recruited. Prevalence of OML for this population was 54.1%. Linea alba was the most common lesion seen (28.7%). This study showed an overall OPMD prevalence of 5.6%. The most common type of OPMD was leukoplakia (64.8%), followed by lichen planus (30.8%). Subjects who only smoked were found to have an increased risk for OPMD of almost four-fold (RR 3.74, 95%CI 1.89-7.41). The highest risk was found for betel quid chewers, where the increased risk observed was more than six times (RR 6.75, 95%CI 3.32-13.72). Alcohol consumption on its own did not seem to confer an increased risk for OPMD, however when practiced concurrently with smoking, a significant risk of more than five times was noted (RR 5.69 95%CI 3.14-10.29).
  
  
  
  The prevalence of OML was 54.1%, with linea alba being the most commonly occurring lesion. Smoking, alcohol consumption and betel quid chewing were found to be associated with the prevalence of OPMD, which was 5.6%.
authors: a Department of Preventive Medicine , Oral Health Bureau, Ministry of Health , Phnom Penh , Cambodia.
authors: Tepirou
authors: T
authors: Chher
authors: a Department of Preventive Medicine , Oral Health Bureau, Ministry of Health , Phnom Penh , Cambodia.
authors: Sithan
authors: S
authors: Hak
authors: b Department of Oral & Maxillofacial Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Dentistry , University of Malaya , Kuala Lumpur , Malaysia.|c Oral Cancer Research & Coordinating Centre (OCRCC), Faculty of Dentistry , University of Malaya , Kuala Lumpur , Malaysia.
authors: Thomas George
authors: TG
authors: Kallarakkal
authors: d Faculty of Health Sciences , University of Puthisastra , Phnom Penh , Cambodia.
authors: Callum
authors: C
authors: Durward
authors: b Department of Oral & Maxillofacial Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Dentistry , University of Malaya , Kuala Lumpur , Malaysia.|c Oral Cancer Research & Coordinating Centre (OCRCC), Faculty of Dentistry , University of Malaya , Kuala Lumpur , Malaysia.
authors: Anand
authors: A
authors: Ramanathan
authors: c Oral Cancer Research & Coordinating Centre (OCRCC), Faculty of Dentistry , University of Malaya , Kuala Lumpur , Malaysia.
authors: Wan Maria Nabillah
authors: WMN
authors: Ghani
authors: c Oral Cancer Research & Coordinating Centre (OCRCC), Faculty of Dentistry , University of Malaya , Kuala Lumpur , Malaysia.|e Department of Community Oral Health & Clinical Prevention , Faculty of Dentistry, University of Malaya , Kuala Lumpur , Malaysia.
authors: Ishak Abdul
authors: IA
authors: Razak
authors: f Department of Oral Medicine & Oral Pathology , School of Dental Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia , Kubang Kerian , Malaysia.
authors: Masitah Hayati
authors: MH
authors: Harun
authors: g Department of Clinical Oral Biology, Faculty of Dentistry , Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia , Selangor , Malaysia.
authors: Nor Atika Md
authors: NAM
authors: Ashar
authors: h Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Faculty of Dentistry , Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia , Selangor , Malaysia.
authors: Rama Krsna
authors: RK
authors: Rajandram
authors: a Department of Preventive Medicine , Oral Health Bureau, Ministry of Health , Phnom Penh , Cambodia.
authors: Pisethraingsey
authors: P
authors: Prak
authors: i Department of Oral Diagnostic & Surgical Sciences, Faculty of Dentistry , University of Otago , New Zealand.
authors: Haizal Mohd
authors: HM
authors: Hussaini
authors: b Department of Oral & Maxillofacial Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Dentistry , University of Malaya , Kuala Lumpur , Malaysia.|c Oral Cancer Research & Coordinating Centre (OCRCC), Faculty of Dentistry , University of Malaya , Kuala Lumpur , Malaysia.
authors: Rosnah Binti
authors: RB
authors: Zain
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000428:Alcohol Drinking; D001114:Areca / Q000009:adverse effects; D002160:Cambodia / Q000453:epidemiology; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007972:Leukoplakia, Oral; D017676:Lichen Planus, Oral; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009061:Mouth Mucosa / Q000503:physiopathology*; D009062:Mouth Neoplasms / Q000453:epidemiology*; D011230:Precancerous Conditions / Q000145:classification*; D015995:Prevalence; D012307:Risk Factors; D012737:Sex Factors; D012907:Smoking / Q000453:epidemiology; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires
keywords: Cambodians; Oral mucosal lesions; oral cancer; oral potentially malignant disorders; prevalence