title: Midazolam plasma concentration after anesthesia premedication in clinical routine - an observational study : Midazolam plasma concentration after anesthesia premedication.
abstract: Midazolam is commonly used as a pre-anesthesia anxiolytic. It`s elimination may not be fast enough for short procedures. In orally premedicated patients we obtained midazolam plasma concentrations at the end of surgical procedures and compared those to concentrations at anesthesia induction.
  
  
  
  The study was conducted prospectively with consent of the local ethics committee (Ethikkomission Kanton Thurgau, Switzerland) and carried out with written informed consent of each patient. Female patients aged 20 to 60 years undergoing elective procedures with general anesthesia were included, and were divided in two groups according to the planned surgical time: group S (<30 min) and group L (90-120 min), respectively. All patients received 7.5 mg Midazolam po as premedication. Blood samples were drawn at anesthesia induction, and at the end of surgery. Data were compared with t-test (independent samples; significance level p <0.05).
  
  
  
  Twenty-five patients per group were included. Four patients were excluded from analysis, since midazolam was not detectable in any samples. Time of premedication to the 1st blood sample was not statistically different between groups, neither were Midazolam plasma levels at this time point (p = 0.94). None of the patients from group L (n = 24), but five patients in group S (n = 22) did have a higher plasma level of Midazolam at the end of the case compared to the beginning.
  
  
  
  The elimination half-life of oral Midazolam can lead to higher plasma levels at the end of a short procedure compared to those at induction of anesthesia.
  
  
  
  German Clinical Trials Register (Deutsches Register Klinischer Studien), DRKS00005429 ; date of registration 3rdJanuary 2014.
authors: Department of Anesthesia and Intensive Care, Kantonsspital Frauenfeld, Postfach Pfaffenholzstr. 4, 8501, Zurich, Switzerland.
authors: C
authors: C
authors: Steiner
authors: Department of Anesthesia and Perioperative Care, University of California, San Francisco, USA.
authors: M P
authors: MP
authors: Steurer
authors: Institute of Clinical Chemistry, University Hospital of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.
authors: D
authors: D
authors: Mueller
authors: Department of Laboratory Medicine, Spital Thurgau, Frauenfeld, Switzerland.
authors: M
authors: M
authors: Zueger
authors: Department of Anesthesia and Intensive Care, Kantonsspital Frauenfeld, Postfach Pfaffenholzstr. 4, 8501, Zurich, Switzerland. alexander.dullenkopf@stgag.ch.
authors: A
authors: 0000-0002-1456-6457
authors: A
authors: Dullenkopf
mesh_terms: D000284:Administration, Oral; D000328:Adult; D000768:Anesthesia, General / Q000379:methods; D014151:Anti-Anxiety Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000493:pharmacokinetics*; D017558:Elective Surgical Procedures / Q000379:methods; D005260:Female; D006207:Half-Life; D006801:Humans; D008874:Midazolam / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000493:pharmacokinetics*; D008875:Middle Aged; D011292:Premedication / Q000379:methods*; D011446:Prospective Studies; D013557:Switzerland; D013997:Time Factors; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D014151:Anti-Anxiety Agents; D008874:Midazolam
keywords: Anesthesia; Anxiolysis; Midazolam; Premedication