title: Activation and IL-1β secretion of human peripheral phagocytes infected with Actinomadura madurae, Nocardia asteroides and Candida albicans.
abstract: To evaluate the ability of Actinomadura madurae (A. madurae) and Nocardia asteroides (N. asteroides), using Candida albicans (C. albicans) as prototypic control, to elicit the activation and IL-1β secretion of blood phagocytic cells from healthy donors.
  
  
  
  Microscopic evaluation of phagocytosis/activation, cell viability and spectrophotometric quantitation of endocytosis/activation, were assessed by using formazan blue test in human blood phagocytes infected with C. albicans, A. madurae or N. asteroides treated with either normal human serum (NHS) or with decomplemented NHS. Interlukin-1β from culture supernatants of infected polymorphonuclear was tested by ELISA kit assay.
  
  
  
  Microscopic assay showed that phagocytosis and activation of adherent mononuclear phagocytes were greater with C. albicans followed by A. madurae and then by N. asteroides. Spectrophotometric assay in polymorphonuclear phagocytes infected with NHS-treated pathogens indicated that activation was similarly higher by C. albicans and A. madurae and lower by N. asteroides. Kinetic assays in infected polymorphonuclear cells showed that viability was decreased by C. albicans and N. asteroides or unaffected with A. madurae. Levels of IL-1β at 8 h of incubation were higher with C. albicans followed by A. madurae whereas lower levels were found with N. asteroides.
  
  
  
  The extent of cell-viability and activation as well IL-1β secretion may be related with the virulence of C. albicans and N. asteroides and other parameters remain to be explored for assessing the virulence of A. madurae.
authors: Department of Biological Systems, Autonomous Metropolitan University Campus Xochimilco, Calzada del Hueso No. 1100, Ciudad de Mexico, 04960, Mexico.
authors: Alejandro
authors: A
authors: Palma-Ramos
authors: Department of Biological Systems, Autonomous Metropolitan University Campus Xochimilco, Calzada del Hueso No. 1100, Ciudad de Mexico, 04960, Mexico.
authors: Gilberto
authors: G
authors: Casillas-Pétriz
authors: Department of Biological Systems, Autonomous Metropolitan University Campus Xochimilco, Calzada del Hueso No. 1100, Ciudad de Mexico, 04960, Mexico.
authors: Laura Estela
authors: LE
authors: Castrillón-Rivera
authors: Department of Biological Systems, Autonomous Metropolitan University Campus Xochimilco, Calzada del Hueso No. 1100, Ciudad de Mexico, 04960, Mexico.
authors: Jorge Ismael
authors: JI
authors: Castañeda-Sánchez
authors: Service of Dermatology and Mycology, General Hospital 'Manuel Gea González', Calzada de Tlalpan 4800, Tlalpan, Sección XVI, 14080, Ciudad de México, Mexico.
authors: Roberto
authors: R
authors: Arenas-Guzmán
authors: Department of Biological Systems, Autonomous Metropolitan University Campus Xochimilco, Calzada del Hueso No. 1100, Ciudad de Mexico, 04960, Mexico.
authors: Maria Elisa
authors: ME
authors: Drago-Serrano
authors: Department of Biological Systems, Autonomous Metropolitan University Campus Xochimilco, Calzada del Hueso No. 1100, Ciudad de Mexico, 04960, Mexico. Electronic address: trsainz@correo.xoc.uam.mx.
authors: Teresita
authors: T
authors: Sainz-Espuñes
keywords: Actinomycetoma; Formazan blue assay; Interleukin-1β; Phagocytosis