title: Plesiomonas shigelloides exports a lethal cytotoxic-enterotoxin (LCE) by membrane vesicles.
abstract: Plesiomonas shigelloides isolated from water in Brazil was previously described as a hemorrhagic heat-labile cytotoxic-enterotoxin producer. We purified this toxin from culture supernatants using ion metallic affinity chromatography (IMAC) followed by molecular exclusion chromatography. The pure toxin presented molecular mass of 50kDa and isoelectric point (pI) around 6.9 by 2D electrophoresis. When injected intravenously, the purified cytotoxic-enterotoxin induced also severe spasms followed by sudden death of mice. Hence, we entitled it as lethal cytotoxic-enterotoxin (LCE). The presence of membrane vesicles (MVs) on cell surfaces of P. shigelloides was observed by scan electron microscopy (SEM). From these MVs the LCE toxin was extracted and confirmed by biological and serological assays. These data suggest that P. shigelloides also exports this cytotoxic-enterotoxin by membrane vesicles, a different mechanism of delivering extra cellular virulence factors, so far not described in this bacterium.
authors: Universidade Estadual de Campinas (UNICAMP), Departamento de Genética, Evolução e Bioagentes, Campinas, SP, Brazil.
authors: Marilucia Santos
authors: MS
authors: Ludovico
authors: Instituto Adolfo Lutz Institute, Centro de Bacteriologia, São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
authors: Luciano Moura
authors: LM
authors: Martins
authors: Universidade Estadual de Campinas (UNICAMP), Departamento de Bioquímica e Biologia Tecidual, Campinas, SP, Brazil.
authors: Juares Ednaldo Romero
authors: JE
authors: Bianco
authors: Universidade Estadual de Londrina (UEL), Departamento de Biologia Celular, Londrina, PR, Brazil.
authors: Célia Guadalupe Tardelli de Jesus
authors: CG
authors: Andrade
authors: Instituto de Medicina Tropical "Pedro Kourí" (IPK), Departamento de Microbiología, La Habana, Cuba.
authors: Rosabel
authors: R
authors: Falcon
authors: Universidade Estadual de Campinas (UNICAMP), Departamento de Bioquímica e Biologia Tecidual, Campinas, SP, Brazil.
authors: Paulo Pinto
authors: PP
authors: Joazeiro
authors: Universidade Estadual de Campinas (UNICAMP), Departamento de Genética, Evolução e Bioagentes, Campinas, SP, Brazil.
authors: Maria Silvia Viccari
authors: MS
authors: Gatti
authors: Universidade Estadual de Campinas (UNICAMP), Departamento de Genética, Evolução e Bioagentes, Campinas, SP, Brazil. Electronic address: tyano@unicamp.br.
authors: Tomomasa
authors: T
authors: Yano
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002470:Cell Survival / Q000187:drug effects*; D002522:Chlorocebus aethiops; D022162:Cytoplasmic Vesicles; D004768:Enterotoxins / Q000494:pharmacology*; D007928:Lethal Dose 50; D008297:Male; D008855:Microscopy, Electron, Scanning; D009500:Neutralization Tests; D016981:Plesiomonas / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000472:pathogenicity / Q000648:ultrastructure; D011817:Rabbits; D045483:Rivers / Q000382:microbiology*; D014709:Vero Cells; D037521:Virulence Factors
chemical_list: D004768:Enterotoxins; D037521:Virulence Factors
keywords: Lethal cytotoxic enterotoxin (LCE); Membrane vesicles (MVs); Plesiomonas shigelloides; Toxin transportation; Virulence factors