title: Goat whey ameliorates intestinal inflammation on acetic acid-induced colitis in rats.
abstract: Complementary or alternative medicine is of great interest for the treatment of inflammatory bowel disease, with the aim of ameliorating the side effects of the drugs commonly used or improving their efficacy. In this study, we evaluated the ability of goat whey to prevent intestinal inflammation in the experimental model of acetic acid-induced rats and compared it to sulfasalazine. Pretreatment with goat whey (1, 2, and 4g/kg) and sulfasalazine (250mg/kg) on colitic rats improved colonic inflammatory markers, including myeloperoxidase activity, leukotriene B4levels, as well as the production of proinflammatory cytokines IL-1β and tumor necrosis factor-α. Furthermore, the administration of goat whey significantly reduced the colonic oxidative stress by reducing malondialdehyde levels and increased total glutathione content, a potent antioxidant peptide. The histological evaluation of the colonic specimens from colitic rats confirmed these beneficial effects, as goat whey preserved the colonic tissue, especially in those rats treated with the highest dose of goat whey or with sulfasalazine. The immunohistochemistry analysis of the colonic tissue evaluation also revealed a reduction in the expression of cyclooxygenase-2, inducible nitric oxide synthase, and matrix metalloproteinase-9, together with an increased expression of suppressor of cytokine signaling-1. These results suggest that goat whey exerted a preventive effect against the intestinal damage induced by acetic acid, showing a similar efficacy to that shown by sulfasalazine, therefore making it a potential treatment for human inflammatory bowel disease.
authors: Department of Science and Food Technology, Federal University of Paraíba, 58051-900 Santa Rita, Brazil.
authors: Daline Fernandes de Souza
authors: DFS
authors: Araújo
authors: Department of Biophysics and Pharmacology, Biosciences Center, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, 59078-970 Natal, Brazil. Electronic address: gerlaneguerra@hotmail.com.
authors: Gerlane Coelho Bernardo
authors: GCB
authors: Guerra
authors: Department of Morphology, Histology and Basic Pathology, Biosciences Center, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, 59078-970 Natal, Brazil.
authors: Raimundo Fernandes de Araújo
authors: RFA
authors: Júnior
authors: Department of Biophysics and Pharmacology, Biosciences Center, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, 59078-970 Natal, Brazil.
authors: Aurigena
authors: A
authors: Antunes de Araújo
authors: Department of Nutrition, Health Sciences Center, 58051-900 Santa Rita, Brazil.
authors: Paloma Oliveira
authors: PO
authors: Antonino de Assis
authors: Department of Animal Science, Federal University of Paraíba, 58051-900 Santa Rita, Brazil.
authors: Ariosvaldo
authors: A
authors: Nunes de Medeiros
authors: Department of Science and Food Technology, Federal University of Paraíba, 58051-900 Santa Rita, Brazil.
authors: Yasmim Regis
authors: YR
authors: Formiga de Sousa
authors: School of Biotechnology, Catholic University of Portugal, 4202-401 Porto, Portugal.
authors: Maria Manuela Estevez
authors: MME
authors: Pintado
authors: Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBER-EHD), Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria de Granada (ibs.Granada), Center for Biomedical Research (CIBM), University of Granada, 18071 Granada, Spain.
authors: Julio
authors: J
authors: Gálvez
authors: Department of Nutrition, Health Sciences Center, 58051-900 Santa Rita, Brazil.
authors: Rita de Cássia Ramos do Egypto
authors: RCRDE
authors: Queiroga
mesh_terms: D019342:Acetic Acid; D000818:Animals; D003092:Colitis / Q000139:chemically induced; D003106:Colon; D006041:Goats / Q000378:metabolism*; D006801:Humans; D007249:Inflammation / Q000378:metabolism; D009195:Peroxidase / Q000378:metabolism; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D014302:Trinitrobenzenesulfonic Acid / Q000494:pharmacology*; D000067796:Whey
chemical_list: D014302:Trinitrobenzenesulfonic Acid; D009195:Peroxidase; D019342:Acetic Acid
keywords: cytokines; goat whey; immunohistochemical; intestinal inflammation; oxidative stress