title: Large scale accelerator production of225Ac: Effective cross sections for 78-192MeV protons incident on232Th targets.
abstract: Actinium-225 and213Bi have been used successfully in targeted alpha therapy (TAT) in preclinical and clinical research. This paper is a continuation of research activities aiming to expand the availability of225Ac. The high-energy proton spallation reaction on natural thorium metal targets has been utilized to produce millicurie quantities of225Ac. The results of sixteen irradiation experiments of thorium metal at beam energies between 78 and 192MeV are summarized in this work. Irradiations have been conducted at Brookhaven National Laboratory (BNL) and Los Alamos National Laboratory (LANL), while target dissolution and processing was carried out at Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL). Excitation functions for actinium and thorium isotopes, as well as for some of the fission products, are presented. The cross sections for production of225Ac range from 3.6 to 16.7mb in the incident proton energy range of 78-192MeV. Based on these data, production of curie quantities of225Ac is possible by irradiating a 5.0gcm-2 232Th target for 10 days in either BNL or LANL proton irradiation facilities.
authors: Nuclear Security and Isotope Technology Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN 37831, United States; Department of Nuclear Engineering, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37996, United States.
authors: J R
authors: JR
authors: Griswold
authors: Collider-Accelerator Department, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, NY 11973, United States.
authors: D G
authors: DG
authors: Medvedev
authors: Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM 87545, United States.
authors: J W
authors: JW
authors: Engle
authors: Nuclear Security and Isotope Technology Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN 37831, United States.
authors: R
authors: R
authors: Copping
authors: Collider-Accelerator Department, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, NY 11973, United States.
authors: J M
authors: JM
authors: Fitzsimmons
authors: Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM 87545, United States.
authors: V
authors: V
authors: Radchenko
authors: Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM 87545, United States.
authors: J C
authors: JC
authors: Cooley
authors: Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM 87545, United States.
authors: M E
authors: ME
authors: Fassbender
authors: Nuclear Security and Isotope Technology Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN 37831, United States.
authors: D L
authors: DL
authors: Denton
authors: Nuclear Security and Isotope Technology Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN 37831, United States.
authors: K E
authors: KE
authors: Murphy
authors: Nuclear Security and Isotope Technology Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN 37831, United States.
authors: A C
authors: AC
authors: Owens
authors: Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM 87545, United States.
authors: E R
authors: ER
authors: Birnbaum
authors: Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM 87545, United States.
authors: K D
authors: KD
authors: John
authors: Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM 87545, United States.
authors: F M
authors: FM
authors: Nortier
authors: Physics Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN 37831, United States.
authors: D W
authors: DW
authors: Stracener
authors: Department of Nuclear Engineering, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37996, United States.
authors: L H
authors: LH
authors: Heilbronn
authors: Collider-Accelerator Department, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, NY 11973, United States.
authors: L F
authors: LF
authors: Mausner
authors: Nuclear Security and Isotope Technology Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN 37831, United States.
authors: S
authors: S
authors: Mirzadeh
keywords: (139)Ce; (140)Ba; (141)Ce; (143)Ce; (144)Ce; (225)Ac; (226)Ac; (227)Ac; (227)Th; (228)Th; (99)Mo; Actinium; Alpha-emitting; Proton irradiation; Radiotherapy; Thorium