title: A population based twin study of DSM-5 maladaptive personality domains.
abstract: Personality disorders (PDs) can be partly captured by dimensional traits, a viewpoint reflected in the most recent Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders-Fifth Edition (DSM-5) Alternative (Section III) Model for PD classification. The current study adds to the literature on the Alternative Model by examining the magnitude of genetic and environmental influences on 6 domains of maladaptive personality: negative emotionality, detachment, antagonism, disinhibition, compulsivity, and psychoticism. In a large, population-based sample (N = 2,293) of Norwegian male and female twin pairs, we investigated (a) if the domains demonstrated measurement invariance across gender at the phenotypic level, meaning that the relationships between the items and the latent factor were equivalent in men and women; and (b) if genetic and environmental influences on variation in these domains were equivalent across gender. Multiple group confirmatory factor modeling provided evidence that all 6 domain scale measurement models were gender-invariant. The best fitting biometric model for 4 of the 6 domains (negative emotionality, detachment, disinhibition, and compulsivity) was one in which genetic and environmental influences could be set invariant across gender. Evidence for sex differences in psychoticism was mixed, but the only clear evidence for quantitative sex differences was for the antagonism scale, with greater genetic influences found for men than women. Genetic influences across domains were moderate overall (19-37%), in line with previous research using symptom-based measures of PDs. This study adds to the very limited knowledge currently existing on the etiology of maladaptive personality traits. (PsycINFO Database Record
authors: Department of Psychological Sciences, Purdue University.
authors: Susan C
authors: SC
authors: South
authors: Department of Psychology, University of Minnesota.
authors: Robert F
authors: RF
authors: Krueger
authors: Division of Mental Health, Norwegian Institute of Public Health.
authors: Gun Peggy
authors: GP
authors: Knudsen
authors: Division of Mental Health, Norwegian Institute of Public Health.
authors: Eivind
authors: E
authors: Ystrom
authors: Division of Mental Health, Norwegian Institute of Public Health.
authors: Nikolai
authors: N
authors: Czajkowski
authors: Virginia Institute for Psychiatric and Behavioral Genetics, Virginia Commonwealth University.
authors: Steven H
authors: SH
authors: Aggen
authors: Virginia Institute for Psychiatric and Behavioral Genetics and Department of Human and Molecular Genetics, Virginia Commonwealth University.
authors: Michael C
authors: MC
authors: Neale
authors: Virginia Institute for Psychiatric and Behavioral Genetics, Virginia Commonwealth University.
authors: Nathan A
authors: NA
authors: Gillespie
authors: Virginia Institute for Psychiatric and Behavioral Genetics and Department of Human and Molecular Genetics, Virginia Commonwealth University.
authors: Kenneth S
authors: KS
authors: Kendler
authors: Division of Mental Health, Norwegian Institute of Public Health.
authors: Ted
authors: T
authors: Reichborn-Kjennerud
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D039721:Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders; D004200:Diseases in Twins / Q000175:diagnosis*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D008960:Models, Psychological; D009664:Norway; D010551:Personality; D010554:Personality Disorders / Q000175:diagnosis*; D014427:Twins / Q000523:psychology