title: Dissemination and Persistence ofPseudomonasspp. in Small-Scale Dairy Farms.
abstract: This study was aimed at collecting data on presence, dissemination and persistence ofPseudomonasin small-scale dairy farms. Six farms (located in Piedmont) were visited three times over 2014: 116 waters (wells and different faucets/pipes) and 117 environmental samples (milking equipments and drains) were collected. Enumeration ofPseudomonadaceaewas performed, 3-5 colonies/samples were selected for identification via 16SrDNA/oprIpolymerase chain reaction (PCR), and typed by enterobacterial-repetitive-intergenic-consensus (ERIC)-PCR.Pseudomonadaceaewere detected in 77% of samples. No statistical differences were found among proportions of positives across farms, sample typologies and seasons. Most isolates werePseudomonas fluorescens(45%), and ERIC-PCR showed 32 persistent types diffused across farms. All in all,Pseudomonasspp. represents a challenge, considering its presence over time in water as well as in teat cups, indicating a continuous source of contamination. Moreover, persistency of strains may indicate biofilm-formation and/or sanitisers resistance, therefore emphasising the role of primary production for preventing milk contamination byPseudomonasspp.
authors: Department of Agricultural, Forest and Food Sciences, University of Turin , Grugliasco (TO), Italy.
authors: Daniele Michele
authors: DM
authors: Nucera
authors: Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Turin , Grugliasco (TO), Italy.
authors: Sara
authors: S
authors: Lomonaco
authors: Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Turin , Grugliasco (TO), Italy.
authors: Patrizia
authors: P
authors: Morra
authors: Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Turin , Grugliasco (TO), Italy.
authors: Marco Francesco
authors: MF
authors: Ortoffi
authors: Regional Association of Farmers of Piedmont , Turin, Italy.
authors: Daniele
authors: D
authors: Giaccone
authors: Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Turin , Grugliasco (TO), Italy.
authors: Maria Ausilia
authors: MA
authors: Grassi
keywords: Persistence; Pseudomonas; Small-scale dairy farms; Typing; Water