title: A combined field survey and molecular identification protocol for comparing forest arthropod biodiversity across spatial scales.
abstract: Obtaining fundamental biodiversity metrics such as alpha, beta and gamma diversity for arthropods is often complicated by a lack of prior taxonomic information and/or taxonomic expertise, which can result in unreliable morphologically based estimates. We provide a set of standardized ecological and molecular sampling protocols that can be employed by researchers whose taxonomic skills may be limited, and where there may be a lack of robust a priori information regarding the regional pool of species. These protocols combine mass sampling of arthropods, classification of samples into parataxonomic units (PUs) and selective sampling of individuals for mtDNA sequencing to infer biological species. We sampled ten lowland rainforest plots located on the volcanic oceanic island of Réunion (Mascarene archipelago) for spiders, a group with limited taxonomic and distributional data for this region. We classified adults and juveniles into PUs and then demonstrated the reconciliation of these units with presumed biological species using mtDNA sequence data, ecological data and distributional data. Because our species assignment protocol is not reliant upon prior taxonomic information, or taxonomic expertise, it minimizes the problem of the Linnean shortfall to yield diversity estimates that can be directly compared across independent studies. Field sampling can be extended to other arthropod groups and habitats by adapting our field sampling protocol accordingly.
authors: Island Ecology and Evolution Research Group, Instituto de Productos Naturales y Agrobiología, C/Astrofísico Francisco Sánchez 3, La Laguna, Tenerife, Canary Islands, 38206, Spain.|School of Biological Sciences, University of East Anglia, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, NR4 7TJ, UK.
authors: Brent C
authors: BC
authors: Emerson
authors: Laboratoire Evolution & Diversité Biologique, UMR 5174 CNRS-Université Paul Sabatier-ENFA, 31062, Toulouse Cedex 9, France.
authors: Juliane
authors: J
authors: Casquet
authors: Island Ecology and Evolution Research Group, Instituto de Productos Naturales y Agrobiología, C/Astrofísico Francisco Sánchez 3, La Laguna, Tenerife, Canary Islands, 38206, Spain.
authors: Heriberto
authors: H
authors: López
authors: Finnish Museum of Natural History, University of Helsinki, P.O. Box 17, 00014, Helsinki, Finland.|Azorean Biodiversity Group, Departamento de Ciências e Engenharia do Ambiente, CE3C - Centre for Ecology, Evolution and Environmental Changes, Universidade dos Açores, Rua Capitão João d'Ávila s/n, 9700-042, Angra do Heroísmo, Açores, Portugal.
authors: Pedro
authors: P
authors: Cardoso
authors: Azorean Biodiversity Group, Departamento de Ciências e Engenharia do Ambiente, CE3C - Centre for Ecology, Evolution and Environmental Changes, Universidade dos Açores, Rua Capitão João d'Ávila s/n, 9700-042, Angra do Heroísmo, Açores, Portugal.
authors: Paulo A V
authors: PAV
authors: Borges
authors: Direction des collections, Invertébrés marins, Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle, CP53, 61 rue Buffon, 75231, Paris Cedex 05, France.
authors: Noémy
authors: N
authors: Mollaret
authors: Departamento de Biología Animal, Edafología y Geología, Universidad de La Laguna, C/Astrofísico Francisco Sánchez, 38206, La Laguna, Tenerife, Canary Islands, Spain.
authors: Pedro
authors: P
authors: Oromí
authors: UMR PVBMT, Peuplements Végétaux et Bio-agresseurs en Milieu Tropical, Université de La Réunion, 15 Avenue René Cassin, CS 93002, 97 744, Saint Denis, Cedex 9, Reunion Island, France.
authors: Dominique
authors: D
authors: Strasberg
authors: Laboratoire Evolution & Diversité Biologique, UMR 5174 CNRS-Université Paul Sabatier-ENFA, 31062, Toulouse Cedex 9, France.
authors: Christophe
authors: C
authors: Thébaud
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001181:Arthropods / Q000145:classification*; D044822:Biodiversity; D065928:Forests; D017508:Reunion
keywords: beta diversity; biological species; parataxonomy; spider; taxonomy