title: Hand-to-Hand Model for Bioelectrical Impedance Analysis to Estimate Fat Free Mass in a Healthy Population.
abstract: This study aimed to establish a hand-to-hand (HH) model for bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA) fat free mass (FFM) estimation by comparing with a standing position hand-to-foot (HF) BIA model and dual energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA); we also verified the reliability of the newly developed model. A total of 704 healthy Chinese individuals (403 men and 301 women) participated. FFM (FFMDXA) reference variables were measured using DXA and segmental BIA. Further, regression analysis, Bland-Altman plots, and cross-validation (2/3 participants as the modeling group, 1/3 as the validation group; three turns were repeated for validation grouping) were conducted to compare tests of agreement with FFMDXAreference variables. In male participants, the hand-to-hand BIA model estimation equation was calculated as follows: FFMmHH= 0.537 h²/ZHH- 0.126 year + 0.217 weight + 18.235 (r² = 0.919, standard estimate of error (SEE) = 2.164 kg,n= 269). The mean validated correlation coefficients and limits of agreement (LOAs) of the Bland-Altman analysis of the calculated values for FFMmHHand FFMDXAwere 0.958 and -4.369-4.343 kg, respectively, for hand-to-foot BIA model measurements for men; the FFM (FFMmHF) and FFMDXAwere 0.958 and -4.356-4.375 kg, respectively. The hand-to-hand BIA model estimating equation for female participants was FFMFHH= 0.615 h²/ZHH- 0.144 year + 0.132 weight + 16.507 (r² = 0.870, SEE = 1.884 kg,n= 201); the three mean validated correlation coefficient and LOA for the hand-to-foot BIA model measurements for female participants (FFMFHHand FFMDXA) were 0.929 and -3.880-3.886 kg, respectively. The FFMHFand FFMDXAwere 0.942 and -3.511-3.489 kg, respectively. The results of both hand-to-hand and hand-to-foot BIA models demonstrated similar reliability, and the hand-to-hand BIA models are practical for assessing FFM.
authors: Sport Science Research Center, National Taiwan University of Sport, Taichung 40404, Taiwan. sk.lu2002@gmail.com.
authors: Hsueh-Kuan
authors: HK
authors: Lu
authors: Department of Hospitality, Recreation, and Tourism Management, East Stroudsburg University of Pennsylvania, East Stroudsburg, PA 18301, USA. chiang1999@gmail.com.
authors: Li-Ming
authors: LM
authors: Chiang
authors: Department of Physical Education, National Taiwan University of Sport, Taichung 40404, Taiwan. yu11.tw@yahoo.com.tw.
authors: Yu-Yawn
authors: YY
authors: Chen
authors: Department of Radiology, Jen-Ai Hospital, Taichung 41265, Taiwan. xray@mail.jah.org.tw.
authors: Chih-Lin
authors: CL
authors: Chuang
authors: Department of Applied Mathematics, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung 40227, Taiwan. chen508@gmail.com.
authors: Kuen-Tsann
authors: KT
authors: Chen
authors: Department of Exercise Science, East Stroudsburg University of Pennsylvania, East Stroudsburg, PA 18301, USA. gdwyer@po-box.esu.edu.
authors: Gregory B
authors: GB
authors: Dwyer
authors: Department of Applied Mathematics, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung 40227, Taiwan. ylhsu@nchu.edu.tw.
authors: Ying-Lin
authors: YL
authors: Hsu
authors: Office of Physical Education, Tunghai University, Taichung 40704, Taiwan. haogochen@gmail.com.
authors: Chun-Hao
authors: CH
authors: Chen
authors: Office of Physical Education and Sport, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung 40227, Taiwan. abaqus0927@yahoo.com.tw.|Research Center, Charder Electronic Co., Ltd., Taichung 41262, Taiwan. abaqus0927@yahoo.com.tw.
authors: Kuen-Chang
authors: KC
authors: Hsieh
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000886:Anthropometry / Q000379:methods*; D044466:Asian People; D001823:Body Composition / Q000502:physiology*; D001825:Body Fluid Compartments / Q000378:metabolism / Q000502:physiology*; D017097:Electric Impedance; D005260:Female; D005528:Foot; D006225:Hand; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D008954:Models, Biological; D009765:Obesity / Q000378:metabolism; D012016:Reference Values; D012737:Sex Factors; D055815:Young Adult
keywords: anthropometrics; estimate equation; fat free mass (FFM); hand-to-hand (HH); standing position