title: Transcriptome Analysis of a New Peanut Seed Coat Mutant for the Physiological Regulatory Mechanism Involved in Seed Coat Cracking and Pigmentation.
abstract: Seed-coat cracking and undesirable color of seed coat highly affects external appearance and commercial value of peanuts (Arachis hypogaeaL.). With an objective to find genetic solution to the above problems, a peanut mutant with cracking and brown colored seed coat (testa) was identified from an EMS treated mutant population and designated as "peanut seed coat crack and brown color mutant line (pscb)." The seed coat weight of the mutant was almost twice of the wild type, and the germination time was significantly shorter than wild type. Further, the mutant had lower level of lignin, anthocyanin, proanthocyanidin content, and highly increased level of melanin content as compared to wild type. Using RNA-Seq, we examined the seed coat transcriptome in three stages of seed development in the wild type and thepscbmutant. The RNA-Seq analysis revealed presence of highly differentially expressed phenylpropanoid and flavonoid pathway genes in all the three seed development stages, especially at 40 days after flowering (DAF40). Also, the expression of polyphenol oxidases and peroxidase were found to be activated significantly especially in the late seed developmental stage. The genome-wide comparative study of the expression profiles revealed 62 differentially expressed genes common across all the three stages. By analyzing the expression patterns and the sequences of the common differentially expressed genes of the three stages, three candidate genes namelyc36498_g1 (CCoAOMT1), c40902_g2 (kinesin), andc33560_g1 (MYB3)were identified responsible for seed-coat cracking and brown color phenotype. Therefore, this study not only provided candidate genes but also provided greater insights and molecular genetic control of peanut seed-coat cracking and color variation. The information generated in this study will facilitate further identification of causal gene and diagnostic markers for breeding improved peanut varieties with smooth and desirable seed coat color.
authors: Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Oil Crops, Ministry of Agriculture, Oil Crops Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences Wuhan, China.
authors: Liyun
authors: L
authors: Wan
authors: Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Oil Crops, Ministry of Agriculture, Oil Crops Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences Wuhan, China.
authors: Bei
authors: B
authors: Li
authors: Center of Excellence in Genomics, International Crops Research Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics Hyderabad, India.
authors: Manish K
authors: MK
authors: Pandey
authors: Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Oil Crops, Ministry of Agriculture, Oil Crops Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences Wuhan, China.
authors: Yanshan
authors: Y
authors: Wu
authors: Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Oil Crops, Ministry of Agriculture, Oil Crops Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences Wuhan, China.
authors: Yong
authors: Y
authors: Lei
authors: Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Oil Crops, Ministry of Agriculture, Oil Crops Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences Wuhan, China.
authors: Liying
authors: L
authors: Yan
authors: Institute of Food Science and Technology of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences Beijing, China.
authors: Xiaofeng
authors: X
authors: Dai
authors: Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Oil Crops, Ministry of Agriculture, Oil Crops Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences Wuhan, China.
authors: Huifang
authors: H
authors: Jiang
authors: Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Oil Crops, Ministry of Agriculture, Oil Crops Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences Wuhan, China.
authors: Juncheng
authors: J
authors: Zhang
authors: Institute of Food Science and Technology of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences Beijing, China.
authors: Guo
authors: G
authors: Wei
authors: Center of Excellence in Genomics, International Crops Research Institute for the Semi-Arid TropicsHyderabad, India; School of Plant Biology and Institute of Agriculture, The University of Western AustraliaCrawley, WA, Australia.
authors: Rajeev K
authors: RK
authors: Varshney
authors: Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Oil Crops, Ministry of Agriculture, Oil Crops Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences Wuhan, China.
authors: Boshou
authors: B
authors: Liao
keywords: RNA-seq; flavonoid pathway; peanut (Arachis hypogaea); pigmentation; seed-coat cracking