title: Defect Dynamics in Artificial Colloidal Ice: Real-Time Observation, Manipulation, and Logic Gate.
abstract: We study the defect dynamics in a colloidal spin ice system realized by filling a square lattice of topographic double well islands with repulsively interacting magnetic colloids. We focus on the contraction of defects in the ground state, and contraction or expansion in a metastable biased state. Combining real-time experiments with simulations, we prove that these defects behave like emergent topological monopoles obeying a Coulomb law with an additional line tension. We further show how to realize a completely resettable "nor" gate, which provides guidelines for fabrication of nanoscale logic devices based on the motion of topological magnetic monopoles.
authors: Departament de Física de la Matèria Condensada, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona 08028, Spain.|Physikalisches Institut, Universität Bayreuth, 95440 Bayreuth, Germany.
authors: Johannes
authors: J
authors: Loehr
authors: Departament de Física de la Matèria Condensada, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona 08028, Spain.|Institut de Nanociència i Nanotecnologia, IN2UB, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona 08028, Spain.
authors: Antonio
authors: A
authors: Ortiz-Ambriz
authors: Departament de Física de la Matèria Condensada, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona 08028, Spain.|Institut de Nanociència i Nanotecnologia, IN2UB, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona 08028, Spain.
authors: Pietro
authors: P
authors: Tierno