title: Cancer Immunology and Immunotherapy.
abstract: Hanahan and Weinberg described six distinct biological properties of cancer cells that enable tumor growth and metastasis. These properties were referred to as the traditional hallmarks of cancer. Recent discoveries further elucidated hallmarks including evasion of immune destruction by tumor cells that disrupt anticancer response pathways. This review discusses cancer immunology and new treatment strategies aimed at restoration of antitumor immune responses.
authors: Karmanos Cancer Institute/Wayne State University School of Medicine, Department of Oncology, Detroit, MI, U.S.A. sukaria@karmanos.org.
authors: Ammar
authors: A
authors: Sukari
authors: Karmanos Cancer Institute/Wayne State University School of Medicine, Department of Oncology, Detroit, MI, U.S.A.
authors: Misako
authors: M
authors: Nagasaka
authors: Beaumont Health System, Department of General Surgery, Royal Oak, MI, U.S.A.
authors: Ameer
authors: A
authors: Al-Hadidi
authors: Emily Couric Cancer Center, Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, U.S.A.
authors: Lawrence G
authors: LG
authors: Lum
mesh_terms: D006801:Humans; D007167:Immunotherapy; D009369:Neoplasms / Q000276:immunology* / Q000628:therapy*
keywords: CTLA4; Cancer immunology; PD1; PDL1; checkpoint inhibitor; immunotherapy