title: Real-time three-dimensional digital image correlation for biomedical applications.
abstract: Digital image correlation (DIC) has been successfully applied for evaluating the mechanical behavior of biological tissues. A three-dimensional (3-D) DIC system has been developed and applied to examining the motion of bones in the human foot. To achieve accurate, real-time displacement measurements, an algorithm including matching between sequential images and image pairs has been developed. The system was used to monitor the movement of markers which were attached to a precisely motorized stage. The accuracy of the proposed technique for in-plane and out-of-plane measurements was found to be ?0.25% and 1.17%, respectively. Two biomedical applications were presented. In the experiment involving the foot arch, a human cadaver lower leg and foot specimen were subjected to vertical compressive loads up to 700 N at a rate of 10??N/s and the 3-D motions of bones in the foot were monitored in real time. In the experiment involving distal tibio fibular syndesmosis, a human cadaver lower leg and foot specimen were subjected to a monotonic rotational torque up to 5 Nm at a speed of 5 deg per min and the relative displacements of the tibia and fibula were monitored in real time. Results showed that the system could reach a frequency of up to 16 Hz with 6 points measured simultaneously. This technique sheds new lights on measuring 3-D motion of bones in biomechanical studies.
authors: Shanghai Institute of Applied Mathematics and Mechanics, 149 Yanchang Road, Shanghai 200072, ChinabShanghai Key Laboratory of Mechanics in Energy Engineering, 149 Yanchang Road, Shanghai 200072, China.
authors: Rong
authors: R
authors: Wu
authors: The Second People's Hospital of Foshan, Department of Orthopaedics, 78 Weiguo Road, Foshan 528000, China.
authors: Hua
authors: H
authors: Wu
authors: University of Washington, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Box 352120, Seattle, Washington 98195, United States.
authors: Dwayne
authors: D
authors: Arola
authors: Shanghai Key Laboratory of Mechanics in Energy Engineering, 149 Yanchang Road, Shanghai 200072, ChinaeShanghai University, Department of Mechanics, 99 Shangda Road, Shanghai 200444, China.
authors: Dongsheng
authors: D
authors: Zhang
mesh_terms: D000465:Algorithms; D001696:Biomechanical Phenomena / Q000502:physiology; D005360:Fibula / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D006801:Humans; D021621:Imaging, Three-Dimensional / Q000379:methods*; D008954:Models, Biological; D009068:Movement / Q000502:physiology; D013977:Tibia / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging