title: The prevalence of impaired glucose regulation in anxiety disorder patients and the relationship with hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis and hypothalamic-pituitary-thyroid axis activity.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To investigate the prevalence of impaired glucose regulation (IGR) in patients with anxiety disorders and the relationship with hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) and hypothalamic-pituitary-thyroid (HPT) axes function.
  
  
  METHODS
  From September 2013 to May 2015, a total of 646 patients with anxiety disorders who matched the criteria of the 10th revision of the International Statistical Classification of Diseases and Related Health Problems participated in our study, which was conducted in the Psychiatric Inpatient Department of the West China Hospital of Sichuan University. The results from 75-g glucose tolerance tests, and morning (8:00 am) serum cortisol (PTC), adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH), thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH), TT3, TT4, FT3, and FT4 levels were collected. The Hamilton Anxiety Scale was administered to assess the severity of anxiety. SPSS 17.0 software was used for statistical analysis.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The crude prevalence of impaired glucose regulation was 24.61% in patients with anxiety disorders patients. In the 18- to 40-year age group with impaired glucose regulation (IGR), both ACTH and PTC levels were higher than the control group (P < 0.05). In the 61- to 75-year age group with IGR, the TSH level was lower and the FT4 level was higher than the control group (P < 0.05).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The results herein partially confirm that the prevalence of IGR in patients with anxiety disorders is high. Impaired glucose in the younger age group is closely associated with HPA axis function, while impaired glucose in the older age group is closely associated with HPT axis alteration. Therefore, routine blood glucose and endocrine function testing in patients with anxiety disorder is of clinical importance to prevent the development of diabetes.
authors: Mental Health Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.
authors: Yaling
authors: Y
authors: Zhou
authors: Mental Health Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.
authors: Zaiquan
authors: Z
authors: Dong
authors: Mental Health Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.
authors: Ruhan
authors: R
authors: A
authors: Mental Health Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.
authors: Zongbing
authors: Z
authors: Liao
authors: Mental Health Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.
authors: Jing
authors: J
authors: Guo
authors: Mental Health Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.
authors: Cancan
authors: C
authors: Liu
authors: Mental Health Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.
authors: Xueli
authors: X
authors: Sun
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000324:Adrenocorticotropic Hormone / Q000097:blood; D000328:Adult; D000367:Age Factors; D000368:Aged; D001008:Anxiety Disorders / Q000097:blood*; D001786:Blood Glucose / Q000378:metabolism*; D005260:Female; D005951:Glucose Tolerance Test; D006801:Humans; D006854:Hydrocortisone / Q000097:blood; D007030:Hypothalamo-Hypophyseal System / Q000378:metabolism*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010913:Pituitary-Adrenal System / Q000378:metabolism*; D011569:Psychiatric Status Rating Scales; D013972:Thyrotropin / Q000097:blood; D013974:Thyroxine / Q000097:blood*; D014284:Triiodothyronine / Q000097:blood; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D001786:Blood Glucose; D014284:Triiodothyronine; D000324:Adrenocorticotropic Hormone; D013972:Thyrotropin; D013974:Thyroxine; D006854:Hydrocortisone
keywords: Anxiety disorder; compensatory reaction; endocrine axis; impaired glucose regulation; insulin resistance