title: Strategies for delivering bone morphogenetic protein for bone healing.
abstract: Bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs) are the most significant growth factors that belong to the Transforming Growth Factor Beta (TGF-β) super-family. Though more than twenty members of this family have been identified so far in humans, Food and Drug Administration (FDA) approved two growth factors: BMP-2 and BMP-7 for treatments of spinal fusion and long-bone fractures with collagen carriers. Currently BMPs are clinically used in spinal fusion, oral and maxillofacial surgery and also in the repair of long bone defects. The efficiency of BMPs depends a lot on the selection of suitable carriers. At present, different types of carrier materials are used: natural and synthetic polymers, calcium phosphate and ceramic-polymer composite materials. Number of research articles has been published on the minute intricacies of the loading process and release kinetics of BMPs. Despite the significant evidence of its potential for bone healing demonstrated in animal models, future clinical investigations are needed to define dose, scaffold and route of administration. The efficacy and application of BMPs in various levels with a proper carrier and dose is yet to be established. The present article collates various aspects of success and limitation and identifies the prospects and challenges associated with the use of BMPs in orthopaedic surgery.
authors: School of Bioscience and Engineering, Jadavpur University, Kolkata 700032, India.
authors: Howa
authors: H
authors: Begam
authors: Department of Veterinary Surgery, Radiology West Bengal University of Animal and Fishery Sciences, Kolkata 700037, India. Electronic address: samitnandi1967@gmail.com.
authors: Samit Kumar
authors: SK
authors: Nandi
authors: Bioceramics and Coating Division, CSIR-Central Glass and Ceramic Research Institute, Kolkata 700032, India. Electronic address: biswa_kundu@rediffmail.com.
authors: Biswanath
authors: B
authors: Kundu
authors: Department of Mechanical Engineering, Jadavpur University, Kolkata 700032, India.
authors: Abhijit
authors: A
authors: Chanda
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D019485:Bone Morphogenetic Proteins / Q000494:pharmacology*; D001842:Bone and Bones / Q000187:drug effects / Q000473:pathology*; D004337:Drug Carriers / Q000737:chemistry; D016503:Drug Delivery Systems; D065546:Drug Liberation; D006801:Humans; D014945:Wound Healing / Q000187:drug effects*
chemical_list: D019485:Bone Morphogenetic Proteins; D004337:Drug Carriers
keywords: Bone morphogenetic protein; Calcium phosphate; Platelet rich plasma; Polymer; Scaffold; Transforming Growth Factor Beta