title: Antimicrobial Activity and Chemical Composition of Three Essential Oils Extracted from Mediterranean Aromatic Plants.
abstract: There is a growing interest in essential oils (EOs) as possible alternatives for traditional chemical pesticides. This study was carried out to characterize the chemical composition of the three EOs extracted from Verbena officinalis, Majorana hortensis, and Salvia officinalis using gas chromatography (GC) and GC-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) and to evaluate in vitro their efficacy against some phyto or human pathogens. The antifungal activity was investigated against Colletotrichum acutatum and Botrytis cinerea in comparison with Azoxystrobin as a large spectrum fungicide. Antibacterial activity was evaluated against Bacillus megaterium, Bacillus mojavensis, and Clavibacter michiganensis (G+ve) and Escherichia coli, Xanthomonas campestris, Pseudomonas savastanoi, and P. syringae pv. phaseolicola (G-ve) compared to a synthetic antibiotic tetracycline. Minimum inhibitory concentration was evaluated against the above tested fungi using 96-well microplate method. Results showed that the chemical structure of the three studied EOs was mainly composed of monoterpene compounds and all oils belong to the chemotype carvacrol/thymol. Results of GC analysis identified 64 compounds, which were identified based on their mass to charge ratio. Furthermore, the different concentrations of studied EOs inhibited the growth of tested microorganism in a dose-dependent manner.
authors: 1 School of Agricultural, Forestry, Food and Environmental Sciences, University of Basilicata , Potenza, Italy .
authors: Hazem S
authors: HS
authors: Elshafie
authors: 1 School of Agricultural, Forestry, Food and Environmental Sciences, University of Basilicata , Potenza, Italy .
authors: Shimaa
authors: S
authors: Sakr
authors: 1 School of Agricultural, Forestry, Food and Environmental Sciences, University of Basilicata , Potenza, Italy .
authors: Stefania M
authors: SM
authors: Mang
authors: 2 Department of Science, University of Basilicata , Potenza, Italy .
authors: Sandra
authors: S
authors: Belviso
authors: 3 Department of Pharmacy, University of Salerno , Fisciano Salerno, Italy .
authors: Vincenzo
authors: V
authors: De Feo
authors: 1 School of Agricultural, Forestry, Food and Environmental Sciences, University of Basilicata , Potenza, Italy .
authors: Ippolito
authors: I
authors: Camele
mesh_terms: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents / Q000737:chemistry / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000494:pharmacology; D000890:Anti-Infective Agents / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000494:pharmacology*; D000935:Antifungal Agents / Q000737:chemistry / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000494:pharmacology; D001419:Bacteria / Q000187:drug effects / Q000302:isolation & purification; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D005516:Food Microbiology; D005658:Fungi / Q000187:drug effects / Q000302:isolation & purification; D019083:Mediterranean Region; D008826:Microbial Sensitivity Tests; D009822:Oils, Volatile / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000494:pharmacology*; D031341:Origanum / Q000737:chemistry; D010938:Plant Oils / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000494:pharmacology*; D010944:Plants / Q000737:chemistry*; D027543:Salvia officinalis / Q000737:chemistry; D032412:Verbena / Q000737:chemistry
chemical_list: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents; D000890:Anti-Infective Agents; D000935:Antifungal Agents; D009822:Oils, Volatile; D010938:Plant Oils
keywords: GC-MS analysis; Majorana hortensis; Salvia officinalis; Verbena officinalis; antibacterial activity; antifungal activity