title: Adherence to the WCRF/AICR Dietary Recommendations for Cancer Prevention and Risk of Cancer in Elderly from Europe and the United States: A Meta-Analysis within the CHANCES Project.
abstract: It is unknown whether dietary recommendations for cancer prevention are applicable to the elderly. We analyzed WCRF/AICR recommendations in cohorts of European and U.S. adults ages 60 years and above.
  
  
  
  Individual participant data meta-analysis included 362,114 participants (43% women), from seven prospective cohort studies, free from cancer at enrollment. The WCRF/AICR diet score was based on: (i) energy-dense foods and sugary drinks, (ii) plant foods, (iii) red and processed meat, and (iv) alcoholic drinks. Cox proportional hazards regression was used to examine the association between the diet score and cancer risks. Adjusted, cohort-specific HRs were pooled using random-effects meta-analysis. Risk advancement periods (RAP) were calculated to quantify the time period by which the risk of cancer was postponed among those adhering to the recommendations.
  
  
  
  After a median follow-up of 11 to 15 years across cohorts, 70,877 cancer cases were identified. Each one-point increase in the WCRF/AICR diet score [range, 0 (no) to 4 (complete adherence)] was significantly associated with a lower risk of total cancer [HR, 0.94; 95% confidence interval (CI), 0.92-0.97], cancers of the colorectum (HR, 0.84; 95% CI, 0.80-0.89) and prostate (HR, 0.94; 95% CI, 0.92-0.97), but not breast or lung. Adherence to an additional component of the WCRF/AICR diet score significantly postponed the incidence of cancer at any site by 1.6 years (RAP, -1.6; 95% CI, -4.09 to -2.16).
  
  
  
  Adherence to WCRF/AICR dietary recommendations is associated with lower risk of cancer among older adults.
  
  
  
  Dietary recommendations for cancer prevention are applicable to the elderly. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev; 26(1); 136-44. ©2016 AACR.
authors: Department Agrotechnology and Food Sciences, Division of Human Nutrition, Wageningen University, Wageningen, The Netherlands. Nicole.Jankovic@uk-essen.de.|Institute for Medical Informatics, Biometry and Epidemiology, Centre of Clinical Epidemiology, Faculty of Medicine, University Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany.
authors: Nicole
authors: N
authors: Jankovic
authors: Department Agrotechnology and Food Sciences, Division of Human Nutrition, Wageningen University, Wageningen, The Netherlands.
authors: Anouk
authors: A
authors: Geelen
authors: Department Agrotechnology and Food Sciences, Division of Human Nutrition, Wageningen University, Wageningen, The Netherlands.
authors: Renate M
authors: RM
authors: Winkels
authors: Department Agrotechnology and Food Sciences, Division of Human Nutrition, Wageningen University, Wageningen, The Netherlands.
authors: Blaise
authors: B
authors: Mwungura
authors: Department of Epidemiology, Rollins School of Public Health, Winship Cancer Institute, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia.
authors: Veronika
authors: V
authors: Fedirko
authors: Department Nutritional Epidemiology, International Agency for Research on Cancer, Lyon, France.
authors: Mazda
authors: M
authors: Jenab
authors: Department of Nutrition & Health Sciences, Institut Polytechnique LaSalle Beauvais, Beauvais, France.|Department of Dietary Exposure Assessment, Section of Nutrition and Metabolism, International Agency for Research on Cancer, Lyon, France.
authors: Anne K
authors: AK
authors: Illner
authors: Division of Clinical Epidemiology and Aging Research, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany.|Division of Preventive Oncology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany.|German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany.
authors: Hermann
authors: H
authors: Brenner
authors: Division of Clinical Epidemiology and Aging Research, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany.
authors: José M
authors: JM
authors: Ordóñez-Mena
authors: Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus Medical Centre Rotterdam, University Medical Centre Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.|Global Public Health, Leiden University College, The Hague, The Netherlands.
authors: Jessica C
authors: JC
authors: Kiefte de Jong
authors: Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus Medical Centre Rotterdam, University Medical Centre Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.
authors: Oscar H
authors: OH
authors: Franco
authors: Department of Hygiene, Epidemiology and Medical Statistics, School of Medicine, University of Athens, Athens, Greece.|Hellenic Health Foundation, Athens, Greece.
authors: Philippos
authors: P
authors: Orfanos
authors: Department of Hygiene, Epidemiology and Medical Statistics, School of Medicine, University of Athens, Athens, Greece.|Hellenic Health Foundation, Athens, Greece.
authors: Antonia
authors: A
authors: Trichopoulou
authors: Hellenic Health Foundation, Athens, Greece.|The Tisch Cancer Institute and Institute for Translational Epidemiology, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, New York.
authors: Paolo
authors: P
authors: Boffetta
authors: Unit of Nutrition and Cancer, Cancer Epidemiology Research Program, Catalan Institute of Oncology (ICO-IDIBELL), Barcelona, Spain.
authors: Antonio
authors: A
authors: Agudo
authors: Department of Epidemiology, Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands.
authors: Petra H
authors: PH
authors: Peeters
authors: Danish Cancer Society Research Centre, Copenhagen, Denmark.
authors: Anne
authors: A
authors: Tjønneland
authors: Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden.
authors: Göran
authors: G
authors: Hallmans
authors: Department for Determinants of Chronic Diseases (DCD), National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), Bilthoven, The Netherlands.|Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Medical Centre, Utrecht, The Netherlands.|Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, The School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom.|Department of Social & Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
authors: H Bas
authors: HB
authors: Bueno-de-Mesquita
authors: Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland.|Division of Public Health Sciences, Department of Surgery, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri.
authors: Yikyung
authors: Y
authors: Park
authors: Department Agrotechnology and Food Sciences, Division of Human Nutrition, Wageningen University, Wageningen, The Netherlands.
authors: Edith J
authors: EJ
authors: Feskens
authors: Department Agrotechnology and Food Sciences, Division of Human Nutrition, Wageningen University, Wageningen, The Netherlands.
authors: Lisette C
authors: LC
authors: de Groot
authors: Department Agrotechnology and Food Sciences, Division of Human Nutrition, Wageningen University, Wageningen, The Netherlands.
authors: Ellen
authors: E
authors: Kampman
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000375:Aging / Q000502:physiology; D000072001:Diet, Healthy; D005060:Europe / Q000453:epidemiology; D005260:Female; D015577:Geriatric Assessment; D006801:Humans; D008019:Life Style; D008297:Male; D009369:Neoplasms / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000517:prevention & control*; D015596:Nutrition Assessment; D017410:Practice Guidelines as Topic; D015995:Prevalence; D011322:Primary Prevention / Q000379:methods*; D014481:United States / Q000453:epidemiology