title: The status of the performance of medication reviews in German community pharmacies and assessment of the practical performance.
abstract: Background Pharmacist-led medication reviews have shown to prevent drug-related problems (DRPs). So far, data is rare about the implementation in routine care, the conditions for intensifying this service and the practical skills of community pharmacists to perform medication reviews. Objective To assess the current status of medication review implementation in German community pharmacies and the performance of identifying DRPs in a ficticious patient example. Setting German community pharmacies. Method An online survey was conducted from July to September 2015 including questions about medication reviews currently performed in routine care of community pharmacies and hidden DRPs in a ficticious patient example. Pharmacists were invited via newsletters from three local chambers of pharmacists. Main outcome measure (i) Frequency, conditions for implementation, and criteria of medication reviews currently being performed in routine care, (ii) requested further information to perform medication reviews, and (iii) proportion of pharmacists who identify DRPs in the patient example. Results A total of 143 community pharmacists completed the questionnaire. (i) One hundred and twenty-seven respondents (89 %) reported reviewing the medication regularly in routine care, whereas 56 (39 %) stated that they performed medication reviews between one and five times monthly. For 124 pharmacists (87 %), remuneration would be a necessary condition for performing medication reviews more frequently. When reviewing the medication, 112 (78 %) of the pharmacists considered the criterion 'drug-drug interactions' and 107 (75 %) reviewed the criterion 'correct dosage'. One of the least reviewed criteria was 'effectiveness of medication' [22 (16 %)]. (ii) According to the participants, laboratory values should be available in the community pharmacy, since 87/143 (61 %) would appreciate the GFR and the HbA1c level. Twenty-two of 54 respondents (41 %) would appreciate further administration instructions and 5 of 54 (15 %) think they would benefit from information about the recommended duration of drug use. (iii) Depending on the category, 4 (3 %) to 49 (34 %) of all 143 pharmacists identified the hidden DRP in the patient example. Conclusion German community pharmacists reported reviewing the medication of their patients regularly; however, most of the respondents review the medication very rarely in routine care. Consequently, their practical performance needs to be improved.
authors: Pharmacy Department, Klinikum Konstanz, Luisenstraße 7, 78464, Constance, Germany.|Drug Safety Center, Leipzig University and University Hospital of Leipzig, Eilenburger Straße 15a, 04317, Leipzig, Germany.|Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Institute of Pharmacy, Leipzig University, Eilenburger Straße 15a, 04317, Leipzig, Germany.
authors: Claudia
authors: C
authors: Greißing
authors: Pharmacy Department, Klinikum Konstanz, Luisenstraße 7, 78464, Constance, Germany.|Drug Safety Center, Leipzig University and University Hospital of Leipzig, Eilenburger Straße 15a, 04317, Leipzig, Germany.|Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Institute of Pharmacy, Leipzig University, Eilenburger Straße 15a, 04317, Leipzig, Germany.
authors: Katharina
authors: K
authors: Kössler
authors: Drug Safety Center, Leipzig University and University Hospital of Leipzig, Eilenburger Straße 15a, 04317, Leipzig, Germany.|Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Institute of Pharmacy, Leipzig University, Eilenburger Straße 15a, 04317, Leipzig, Germany.
authors: Johanna
authors: J
authors: Freyer
authors: Drug Safety Center, Leipzig University and University Hospital of Leipzig, Eilenburger Straße 15a, 04317, Leipzig, Germany.|Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Institute of Pharmacy, Leipzig University, Eilenburger Straße 15a, 04317, Leipzig, Germany.
authors: Lucie
authors: L
authors: Hüter
authors: Pharmacy Department, Klinikum Konstanz, Luisenstraße 7, 78464, Constance, Germany.
authors: Peter
authors: P
authors: Buchal
authors: Drug Safety Center, Leipzig University and University Hospital of Leipzig, Eilenburger Straße 15a, 04317, Leipzig, Germany.|Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Institute of Pharmacy, Leipzig University, Eilenburger Straße 15a, 04317, Leipzig, Germany.
authors: Susanne
authors: S
authors: Schiek
authors: Drug Safety Center, Leipzig University and University Hospital of Leipzig, Eilenburger Straße 15a, 04317, Leipzig, Germany. thilo.bertsche@medizin.uni-leipzig.de.|Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Institute of Pharmacy, Leipzig University, Eilenburger Straße 15a, 04317, Leipzig, Germany. thilo.bertsche@medizin.uni-leipzig.de.
authors: Thilo
authors: T
authors: Bertsche
mesh_terms: D003157:Community Pharmacy Services / Q000592:standards* / Q000639:trends; D005260:Female; D005858:Germany / Q000453:epidemiology; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D054539:Medication Therapy Management / Q000592:standards* / Q000639:trends; D010595:Pharmacists / Q000592:standards* / Q000639:trends; D024382:Professional Role; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires
keywords: Community pharmacists; Drug-related problems; Germany; Implementation; Medication review; Online questionnaire; Practical performance