title: Rapid evolution of symbiotic bacteria populations in spirotetramat-resistant Aphis gossypii glover revealed by pyrosequencing.
abstract: Aphis gossypii is one of the most economically important insect pests for agriculture worldwide. Aphids have developed symbiotic associations with bacterial species, which has led to morphological and molecular differences, such as body color and insecticide resistance. Adults and 3rd instar nymphs of a laboratory-selected spirotetramat-resistant strain of cotton aphid presented 579-fold and 15-fold higher resistance to spirotetramat, respectively, than a susceptible strain (Pan et al., 2015; Peng et al., 2016). In this study, we found that antibiotics, especially ampicillin and tetracycline, increased spirotetramat toxicity in resistant aphids. We also characterized all of the bacterial endosymbionts in these two clones by sequencing the 16S rRNA genes of the endosymbiont. The total reads could be clustered into 3534 operational taxonomic units (OTUs) that showed 97% similarity and belonged to six abundant phyla. Proteobacteria and Firmicutes dominated in the two strains, and the most abundant families were Enterobacteriaceae, Lactobacillaceae and Rhodobiaceae. The genera Arsenophonus, Anderseniella, Buchnera and Lactobacillus were most abundant in the susceptible strain, whereas a significant decrease in abundance of Anderseniella and a great increase in abundance of Arsenophonus and Lactobacillus were observed in the resistant strain. Certain identified species had low sequence similarity to the reported species, which indicates the possibility of novel taxa. The type and abundance of different bacterial groups varied significantly between the two strains. The insecticide selection pressure could be the reason for the observed shift in the bacteria groups. These results increase our understanding of the symbiotic relationships between bacteria and their hosts under insecticide stress and provide clues for the development of potential control techniques against this cotton aphid.
authors: College of Plant Science, Jilin University, Changchun 130062, PR China.
authors: Juhong
authors: J
authors: Zhang
authors: College of Plant Science, Jilin University, Changchun 130062, PR China.
authors: Yiou
authors: Y
authors: Pan
authors: College of Plant Science, Jilin University, Changchun 130062, PR China.
authors: Chao
authors: C
authors: Zheng
authors: Department of Entomology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, PR China.
authors: Xiwu
authors: X
authors: Gao
authors: College of Plant Science, Jilin University, Changchun 130062, PR China.
authors: Xiang
authors: X
authors: Wei
authors: College of Plant Science, Jilin University, Changchun 130062, PR China.
authors: Jinghui
authors: J
authors: Xi
authors: College of Plant Science, Jilin University, Changchun 130062, PR China.
authors: Tianfei
authors: T
authors: Peng
authors: College of Plant Science, Jilin University, Changchun 130062, PR China. Electronic address: shangqingli@163.com.
authors: Qingli
authors: Q
authors: Shang
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001042:Aphids / Q000187:drug effects / Q000235:genetics* / Q000382:microbiology; D001372:Aza Compounds / Q000494:pharmacology*; D001419:Bacteria / Q000145:classification / Q000187:drug effects / Q000235:genetics*; D005075:Biological Evolution; D019295:Computational Biology; D004275:DNA, Ribosomal / Q000235:genetics; D005786:Gene Expression Regulation / Q000187:drug effects; D059014:High-Throughput Nucleotide Sequencing / Q000379:methods; D019476:Insect Proteins / Q000235:genetics*; D007305:Insecticide Resistance / Q000235:genetics*; D007306:Insecticides / Q000494:pharmacology; D054892:Metagenome; D010802:Phylogeny; D013141:Spiro Compounds / Q000494:pharmacology*; D013559:Symbiosis / Q000235:genetics*
chemical_list: D001372:Aza Compounds; D004275:DNA, Ribosomal; D019476:Insect Proteins; D007306:Insecticides; D013141:Spiro Compounds; C570705:spirotetramat
keywords: Aphis gossypii; Insecticide; Population dynamics; Symbiotic bacteria