title: Evaluation of PAIusp subtyping to characterize uropathogenic E. coli isolates.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Uropathogenic virulence factors have been identified by comparing the prevalence of these among urinary tract isolates and environmental strains. The uropathogenic-specific protein (USP) gene is present on the pathogenicity island (PAI) of uropathogenic Escherichia coli (UPEC) and, depending on its two diverse gene types and the sequential patterns of three open reading frame units (orfUs) following it, there is a method to characterize UPEC epidemiologically called PAIusp subtyping.
  
  
  METHODS
  A total of 162 UPEC isolates from Sabah, Malaysia, were tested for the presence of the usp gene and the sequential patterns of three orfUs following it using polymerase chain reaction (PCR). In addition, by means of triplex PCR, the prevalence of the usp gene was compared with other two VFs of UPEC, namely alpha hemolysin (α-hly) and cytotoxic necrotizing factor (cnf-1) genes encoding two toxins.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The results showed that the usp gene was found in 78.40% of UPEC isolates, indicating that its prevalence was comparable to that found in a previous study in Japan. The two or three orfUs were also associated with the usp gene in this study. All the PAIusp subtypes observed in Japan were present in this study, while subtype IIa was the most common in both studies. The usp gene was observed in a higher percentage of isolates when compared with α-hly and cnf-1 genes.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The findings in Japan and Sabah, East Malaysia, were similar, indicating that PAIusp subtyping is applicable to the characterization of UPEC strains epidemiologically elsewhere in the world.
authors: Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Malaysia Sabah, Kota Kinabalu, Malaysia. maymei_2008@hotmail.com.
authors: Yun Mei
authors: YM
authors: Lai
authors: Myo Thura
authors: MT
authors: Zaw
authors: Shamsul Bahari
authors: SB
authors: Shamsudin
authors: Zaw
authors: Z
authors: Lin
mesh_terms: D001427:Bacterial Toxins / Q000235:genetics; D004927:Escherichia coli Infections / Q000382:microbiology; D029968:Escherichia coli Proteins / Q000235:genetics*; D023061:Gene Order; D044404:Genomic Islands; D005838:Genotype; D060005:Genotyping Techniques / Q000379:methods; D006460:Hemolysin Proteins / Q000235:genetics; D006801:Humans; D007564:Japan; D008296:Malaysia; D017720:Molecular Epidemiology / Q000379:methods; D058889:Molecular Typing / Q000379:methods*; D016366:Open Reading Frames; D016133:Polymerase Chain Reaction; D014552:Urinary Tract Infections / Q000382:microbiology; D056689:Uropathogenic Escherichia coli / Q000145:classification* / Q000235:genetics*; D037521:Virulence Factors / Q000235:genetics*
chemical_list: D001427:Bacterial Toxins; D029968:Escherichia coli Proteins; D006460:Hemolysin Proteins; C036507:Hlya protein, E coli; C446159:USP protein, E coli; D037521:Virulence Factors; C060296:cytotoxic necrotizing factor type 1