title: Ultraviolet Imaging with Low Cost Smartphone Sensors: Development and Application of a Raspberry Pi-Based UV Camera.
abstract: Here, we report, for what we believe to be the first time, on the modification of a low cost sensor, designed for the smartphone camera market, to develop an ultraviolet (UV) camera system. This was achieved via adaptation of Raspberry Pi cameras, which are based on back-illuminated complementary metal-oxide semiconductor (CMOS) sensors, and we demonstrated the utility of these devices for applications at wavelengths as low as 310 nm, by remotely sensing power station smokestack emissions in this spectral region. Given the very low cost of these units, ≈ USD 25, they are suitable for widespread proliferation in a variety of UV imaging applications, e.g., in atmospheric science, volcanology, forensics and surface smoothness measurements.
authors: Department of Geography, The University of Sheffield, Winter Street, Sheffield, S10 2TN, UK. tcwilkes1@sheffield.ac.uk.
authors: Thomas C
authors: TC
authors: Wilkes
authors: Department of Geography, The University of Sheffield, Winter Street, Sheffield, S10 2TN, UK. a.mcgonigle@sheffield.ac.uk.|Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia, Sezione di Palermo, via Ugo La Malfa 153, 90146 Palermo, Italy. a.mcgonigle@sheffield.ac.uk.
authors: Andrew J S
authors: AJ
authors: McGonigle
authors: Department of Geography, The University of Sheffield, Winter Street, Sheffield, S10 2TN, UK. t.pering@sheffield.ac.uk.
authors: Tom D
authors: TD
authors: Pering
authors: Department of Geography, The University of Sheffield, Winter Street, Sheffield, S10 2TN, UK. a.taggart@sheffield.ac.uk.
authors: Angus J
authors: AJ
authors: Taggart
authors: Department of Electronic and Electrical Engineering, The University of Sheffield, Portobello Centre, Pitt Street, Sheffield, S1 4ET, UK. ben.white@sheffield.ac.uk.
authors: Benjamin S
authors: BS
authors: White
authors: Department of Geography, The University of Sheffield, Winter Street, Sheffield, S10 2TN, UK. r.g.bryant@sheffield.ac.uk.
authors: Robert G
authors: RG
authors: Bryant
authors: Department of Electronic and Electrical Engineering, The University of Sheffield, Portobello Centre, Pitt Street, Sheffield, S1 4ET, UK. j.r.willmott@sheffield.ac.uk.
authors: Jon R
authors: JR
authors: Willmott
keywords: Raspberry Pi; UV camera; UV imaging; low-cost camera; smartphone sensor technology; sulphur dioxide emissions