title: Effect of phytic acid etchant on resin-dentin bonding: Monomer penetration and stability of dentin collagen.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Phytic acid (IP6) works well as an etchant in dentin bonding to remove the smear layer due to its acidity and chelating effect. This study compared the etching effect of IP6 with phosphoric acid (PA) and ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA) on resin-dentin bond strength, micromorphology of the etched dentin surface and nanoleakage formation along resin-dentin interfaces and compared the protecting effect against collagen degradation.
  
  
  METHODS
  Dentin disks and flat dentin surfaces were obtained from extracted human teeth. Specimens were etched with 35% PA (15s), 0.5M EDTA (30s) or 1% IP6 (30s). The surfaces and longitudinal sections of the etched dentin disks were observed using field emission scanning electron microscope (FE-SEM). An etch-and-rinse adhesive was used to create composite build up-specimens for microtensile bond strength (μTBS) testing and nanoleakage observation. To evaluate the effect on collagen degradation, demineralized bovine root dentin blocks were challenged with bacterial collagenase and then observed under light microscope.
  
  
  RESULTS
  PA- and EDTA- treated groups showed significantly lower μTBS when compared to IP6-treated group. PA showed distinct nanoleakage and severe collagen degradation. Only slight nanoleakage was detected in IP6 group. IP6 showed better effect than EDTA in preventing collagen degradation induced by bacterial collagenase.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  IP6 effectively removed the smear layer and etched dentin, providing high bond strength values and causing minimal nanoleakage and slight collagen degradation.
authors: Cariology and Operative Dentistry, Department of Oral Health Sciences, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan; General Dentistry, Roomchang Dental and Aesthetic Hospital, Phnom Penh, Cambodia.
authors: Kalyan
authors: K
authors: Kong
authors: Cariology and Operative Dentistry, Department of Oral Health Sciences, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan; Department of Paediatric Dentistry and Orthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong. Electronic address: hiraope@tmd.ac.jp.
authors: Noriko
authors: N
authors: Hiraishi
authors: Cariology and Operative Dentistry, Department of Oral Health Sciences, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan; RAK Medical and Health Sciences University, RAK College of Dental Sciences, Ras Al Khaimah, United Arab Emirates.
authors: Mohannad
authors: M
authors: Nassar
authors: Cariology and Operative Dentistry, Department of Oral Health Sciences, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan.
authors: Masayuki
authors: M
authors: Otsuki
authors: Department of Paediatric Dentistry and Orthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong.
authors: Cynthia K Y
authors: CKY
authors: Yiu
authors: Cariology and Operative Dentistry, Department of Oral Health Sciences, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan.
authors: Junji
authors: J
authors: Tagami
mesh_terms: D000134:Acid Etching, Dental; D003094:Collagen; D001840:Dental Bonding; D045662:Dental Etching; D003804:Dentin; D004492:Edetic Acid; D006801:Humans; D010756:Phosphoric Acids; D010833:Phytic Acid; D059748:Proteolysis; D012117:Resins, Synthetic; D013718:Tensile Strength
chemical_list: D010756:Phosphoric Acids; D012117:Resins, Synthetic; D010833:Phytic Acid; D003094:Collagen; D004492:Edetic Acid; C030242:phosphoric acid
keywords: Ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid; Microtensile bond strength; Nanoleakage; Phosphoric acid; Phytic acid