title: Plants capable of selfing are more likely to become naturalized.
abstract: Many plant species have established self-sustaining populations outside their natural range because of human activities. Plants with selfing ability should be more likely to establish outside their historical range because they can reproduce from a single individual when mates or pollinators are not available. Here, we compile a global breeding-system database of 1,752 angiosperm species and use phylogenetic generalized linear models and path analyses to test relationships between selfing ability, life history, native range size and global naturalization status. Selfing ability is associated with annual or biennial life history and a large native range, which both positively correlate with the probability of naturalization. Path analysis suggests that a high selfing ability directly increases the number of regions where a species is naturalized. Our results provide robust evidence across flowering plants at the global scale that high selfing ability fosters alien plant naturalization both directly and indirectly.
authors: Ecology, Department of Biology, University of Konstanz, Universitätsstrasse 10, Konstanz D-78457, Germany.
authors: Mialy
authors: M
authors: Razanajatovo
authors: Ecology, Department of Biology, University of Konstanz, Universitätsstrasse 10, Konstanz D-78457, Germany.
authors: Noëlie
authors: N
authors: Maurel
authors: Conservation Ecology Group, Department of Biosciences, Durham University, South Road, Durham DH1 3LE, UK.
authors: Wayne
authors: W
authors: Dawson
authors: Division of Conservation, Vegetation and Landscape Ecology, University of Vienna, Wien 1030, Austria.|Centre for Invasion Biology, Department of Botany and Zoology, Stellenbosch University, Matieland 7602, South Africa.
authors: Franz
authors: F
authors: Essl
authors: Biodiversity, Macroecology and Biogeography, University of Göttingen, Büsgenweg 1, Göttingen D-37077, Germany.
authors: Holger
authors: 0000-0003-4471-8236
authors: H
authors: Kreft
authors: Institute of Botany, Department of Invasion Ecology, The Czech Academy of Sciences, Průhonice, CZ-25243, Czech Republic.
authors: Jan
authors: J
authors: Pergl
authors: Institute of Botany, Department of Invasion Ecology, The Czech Academy of Sciences, Průhonice, CZ-25243, Czech Republic.|Department of Ecology, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Viničná 7, Prague 2, CZ-12844, Czech Republic.
authors: Petr
authors: P
authors: Pyšek
authors: Biodiversity, Macroecology and Biogeography, University of Göttingen, Büsgenweg 1, Göttingen D-37077, Germany.
authors: Patrick
authors: P
authors: Weigelt
authors: German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle-Jena-Leipzig, Deutscher Platz 5e, Leipzig D-04103, Germany.
authors: Marten
authors: M
authors: Winter
authors: Ecology, Department of Biology, University of Konstanz, Universitätsstrasse 10, Konstanz D-78457, Germany.
authors: Mark
authors: M
authors: van Kleunen
mesh_terms: D001947:Breeding; D017753:Ecosystem; D035264:Flowers; D017343:Genes, Plant; D058865:Introduced Species; D016014:Linear Models; D019684:Magnoliopsida / Q000502:physiology*; D010802:Phylogeny; D063245:Plant Development; D054817:Pollination / Q000502:physiology*; D012044:Regression Analysis; D012639:Seeds