title: Odontogenic differentiation and biomineralization potential of dental pulp stem cells inside Mg-based bioceramic scaffolds under low-level laser treatment.
abstract: This study aimed to investigate the potential of low-level laser irradiation (LLLI) to promote odontogenic differentiation and biomineralization by dental pulp stem cells (DPSCs) seeded inside bioceramic scaffolds. Mg-based, Zn-doped bioceramic scaffolds, synthesized by the sol-gel technique, were spotted with DPSCs and exposed to LLLI at 660 nm with maximum output power of 140 mw at fluencies (a) 2 and 4 J/cm2to evaluate cell viability/proliferation by the MTT assay and (b) 4 J/cm2to evaluate cell differentiation, using real-time PCR (expression of odontogenic markers) and a p-nitrophenylphosphate (pNPP)-based assay for alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity measurement. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis were used for structural/chemical characterization of the regenerated tissues. Exposure of the DPSCs/scaffold complexes to the proposed LLLI scheme was associated with statistically significant increase of odontogenesis-related markers (bone morphogenetic protein 2 (BMP-2): 22.4-fold, dentin sialophosphoprotein (DSPP): 28.4-fold, Osterix: 18.5-fold, and Runt-related transcription factor 2 (Runx2): 3.4-fold). ALP activity was significantly increased at 3 and 7 days inside the irradiated compared to that in the non-irradiated SC/DPSC complexes, but gradually decreased until 14 days. Newly formed Ca-P tissue was formed on the SC/DPSC complexes after 28 days of culture that attained the characteristics of bioapatite. Overall, LLLI treatment proved to be beneficial for odontogenic differentiation and biomineralization of DPSCs inside the bioceramic scaffolds, making this therapeutic modality promising for targeted dentin engineering.
authors: Department of Fixed Prosthesis and Implant Prosthodontics, School of Dentistry, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, GR-54124, Greece.
authors: Anna
authors: A
authors: Theocharidou
authors: Department of Fixed Prosthesis and Implant Prosthodontics, School of Dentistry, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, GR-54124, Greece.
authors: Athina
authors: A
authors: Bakopoulou
authors: Department of Fixed Prosthesis and Implant Prosthodontics, School of Dentistry, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, GR-54124, Greece.
authors: Eleana
authors: E
authors: Kontonasaki
authors: Department of Fixed Prosthesis and Implant Prosthodontics, School of Dentistry, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, GR-54124, Greece.
authors: Eleni
authors: E
authors: Papachristou
authors: Department of Fixed Prosthesis and Implant Prosthodontics, School of Dentistry, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, GR-54124, Greece.
authors: Christina
authors: C
authors: Hadjichristou
authors: Department of Fixed Prosthesis and Implant Prosthodontics, School of Dentistry, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, GR-54124, Greece.
authors: Maria
authors: M
authors: Bousnaki
authors: Department of Physics, Faculty of Sciences, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, GR-54124, Greece.
authors: George
authors: G
authors: Theodorou
authors: Department of Geology, Faculty of Sciences, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, GR-54124, Greece.
authors: Lambrini
authors: L
authors: Papadopoulou
authors: Department of Geology, Faculty of Sciences, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, GR-54124, Greece.
authors: Nikolaos
authors: N
authors: Kantiranis
authors: Department of Physics, Faculty of Sciences, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, GR-54124, Greece.
authors: Konstantinos
authors: K
authors: Paraskevopoulos
authors: Department of Fixed Prosthesis and Implant Prosthodontics, School of Dentistry, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, GR-54124, Greece. pkoidis@dent.auth.gr.
authors: Petros
authors: P
authors: Koidis
mesh_terms: D000469:Alkaline Phosphatase / Q000378:metabolism; D002113:Calcification, Physiologic / Q000187:drug effects*; D002448:Cell Adhesion / Q000187:drug effects; D002454:Cell Differentiation / Q000187:drug effects*; D049109:Cell Proliferation / Q000187:drug effects; D048430:Cell Shape / Q000187:drug effects; D002470:Cell Survival / Q000187:drug effects; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D002516:Ceramics / Q000494:pharmacology; D050659:Core Binding Factor Alpha 1 Subunit / Q000378:metabolism; D003782:Dental Pulp / Q000166:cytology*; D006801:Humans; D028022:Low-Level Light Therapy; D008274:Magnesium / Q000494:pharmacology*; D009805:Odontogenesis / Q000187:drug effects*; D060888:Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction; D013234:Stem Cells / Q000166:cytology* / Q000648:ultrastructure; D054457:Tissue Scaffolds / Q000737:chemistry*
chemical_list: D050659:Core Binding Factor Alpha 1 Subunit; D000469:Alkaline Phosphatase; D008274:Magnesium
keywords: Dental pulp stem cells (DPSCs); Dentin regeneration; Low-level laser irradiation (LLLI); Mg-based, Zn-doped bioceramic scaffolds; Odontogenic differentiation; Photobiomodulation (PBM)