title: Application of a Modified Garbage Code Algorithm to Estimate Cause-Specific Mortality and Years of Life Lost in Korea.
abstract: Years of life lost (YLLs) are estimated based on mortality and cause of death (CoD); therefore, it is necessary to accurately calculate CoD to estimate the burden of disease. The garbage code algorithm was developed by the Global Burden of Disease (GBD) Study to redistribute inaccurate CoD and enhance the validity of CoD estimation. This study aimed to estimate cause-specific mortality rates and YLLs in Korea by applying a modified garbage code algorithm. CoD data for 2010-2012 were used to calculate the number of deaths. The garbage code algorithm was then applied to calculate target cause (i.e., valid CoD) and adjusted CoD using the garbage code redistribution. The results showed that garbage code deaths accounted for approximately 25% of all CoD during 2010-2012. In 2012, lung cancer contributed the most to cause-specific death according to the Statistics Korea. However, when CoD was adjusted using the garbage code redistribution, ischemic heart disease was the most common CoD. Furthermore, before garbage code redistribution, self-harm contributed the most YLLs followed by lung cancer and liver cancer; however, after application of the garbage code redistribution, though self-harm was the most common leading cause of YLL, it is followed by ischemic heart disease and lung cancer. Our results showed that garbage code deaths accounted for a substantial amount of mortality and YLLs. The results may enhance our knowledge of burden of disease and help prioritize intervention settings by changing the relative importance of burden of disease.
authors: Department of Preventive Medicine, School of Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Korea.
authors: Ye Rin
authors: http://orcid.org/0000-0002-4507-4877
authors: YR
authors: Lee
authors: Cancer Policy Branch, National Cancer Control Institute, National Cancer Center, Goyang, Korea.
authors: Young Ae
authors: http://orcid.org/0000-0002-3819-0028
authors: YA
authors: Kim
authors: Department of Medical Education and Humanities, School of Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Korea.
authors: So Youn
authors: http://orcid.org/0000-0003-0553-5381
authors: SY
authors: Park
authors: Cancer Registration and Statistic Branch, National Cancer Control Institute, National Cancer Center, Goyang, Korea.
authors: Chang Mo
authors: http://orcid.org/0000-0002-5709-9350
authors: CM
authors: Oh
authors: Department of Preventive Medicine, School of Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Korea.
authors: Young Eun
authors: http://orcid.org/0000-0003-0694-6844
authors: YE
authors: Kim
authors: Department of Preventive Medicine, School of Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Korea. parenchyme@gmail.com.
authors: In Hwan
authors: http://orcid.org/0000-0002-5450-9887
authors: IH
authors: Oh
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000367:Age Factors; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000465:Algorithms; D002423:Cause of Death; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D005260:Female; D000071219:Global Burden of Disease / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D008175:Lung Neoplasms / Q000191:economics / Q000401:mortality; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D019057:Quality-Adjusted Life Years; D056910:Republic of Korea; D016728:Self-Injurious Behavior / Q000191:economics / Q000401:mortality; D055815:Young Adult
keywords: Cause of Death; Garbage Code; Korea; Mortality; Years of Life Lost