title: The effects of HIV and aging on subcortical shape alterations: A 3D morphometric study.
abstract: Standard volumetric neuroimaging studies have demonstrated preferential atrophy of subcortical structures among individuals with HIV. However, to our knowledge, no study has investigated subcortical shape alterations secondary to HIV and whether advancing age impacts that relationship. This study employed 3D morphometry to examine the independent and interactive effects of HIV and age on shape differences in nucleus accumbens, amygdala, caudate, hippocampus, pallidum, putamen, and thalamus in 81 participants ranging in age from 24 to 76 including 59 HIV+ individuals and 22 HIV-seronegative controls. T1-weighted MRI underwent a preprocessing pipeline followed by automated subcortical segmentation. Parametric statistical analyses were used to determine independent effects of HIV infection and age on volume and shape in each region of interest (ROI) and the interaction between age and HIV serostatus in predicting volume/shape in each ROI. Significant main effects for HIV were found in the shape of right caudate and nucleus accumbens, left pallidum, and hippocampus. Age was associated with differences in shape in left pallidum, right nucleus accumbens and putamen, and bilateral caudate, hippocampus, and thalamus. Of greatest interest, an age × HIV interaction effect was found in the shape of bilateral nucleus accumbens, amygdala, caudate, and thalamus as well as right pallidum and putamen such that increasing age in HIV participants was associated with greater shape alterations. Traditional volumemetric analyses revealed main effects for both HIV and age but no age × HIV interaction. These findings may suggest that age and HIV infection conferred additional deleterious effects on subcortical shape abnormalities beyond the independent effects of these factors. Hum Brain Mapp 38:1025-1037, 2017. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
authors: Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, University of California Los Angeles, 740 Westwood Plaza, C8-746, Los Angeles, California.|Veterans Association Greater Los Angeles Healthcare Center, 11301 Wilshire Blvd, Los Angeles, California.
authors: Taylor
authors: T
authors: Kuhn
authors: Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, University of California Los Angeles, 740 Westwood Plaza, C8-746, Los Angeles, California.|Veterans Association Greater Los Angeles Healthcare Center, 11301 Wilshire Blvd, Los Angeles, California.|Imaging Genetics Center, Keck School of Medicine of University of Southern California, 1975 Zonal Ave, Los Angeles, California.
authors: Daniel
authors: D
authors: Schonfeld
authors: Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, University of California Los Angeles, 740 Westwood Plaza, C8-746, Los Angeles, California.
authors: Philip
authors: P
authors: Sayegh
authors: Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, University of California Los Angeles, 740 Westwood Plaza, C8-746, Los Angeles, California.
authors: Alyssa
authors: A
authors: Arentoft
authors: Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, University of California Los Angeles, 740 Westwood Plaza, C8-746, Los Angeles, California.|Veterans Association Greater Los Angeles Healthcare Center, 11301 Wilshire Blvd, Los Angeles, California.
authors: Jacob D
authors: JD
authors: Jones
authors: Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, University of California Los Angeles, 740 Westwood Plaza, C8-746, Los Angeles, California.|Veterans Association Greater Los Angeles Healthcare Center, 11301 Wilshire Blvd, Los Angeles, California.
authors: Charles H
authors: CH
authors: Hinkin
authors: Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, University of California Los Angeles, 740 Westwood Plaza, C8-746, Los Angeles, California.|Department of Cognitive Psychology, Tennenbaum Center for the Biology of Creativity, University of California Los Angeles, 635 Charles E Young Dr. S,, 260-M, Los Angeles, California.
authors: Susan Y
authors: SY
authors: Bookheimer
authors: Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, University of California Los Angeles, 740 Westwood Plaza, C8-746, Los Angeles, California.
authors: April D
authors: AD
authors: Thames
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000375:Aging / Q000473:pathology*; D001921:Brain / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000821:virology; D001931:Brain Mapping; D005260:Female; D007839:Functional Laterality; D015658:HIV Infections / Q000473:pathology*; D006801:Humans; D021621:Imaging, Three-Dimensional; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011569:Psychiatric Status Rating Scales; D055815:Young Adult
keywords: HIV; age; morphometry; neuroimaging; subcortical; volumetry