title: Sport-Induced Substance Use-An Empirical Study to the Extent within a German Sports Association.
abstract: In cooperation with the Sports Association of the Palatinate (SBP), a survey was conducted on substance use by recreational and amateur athletes. Distribution of the online questionnaire took place by means of chain-referral sampling, and questions on substance use were presented using the randomized response technique (RRT) to protect the anonymity of respondents and prevent socially desirable answers. The estimated lowest limit for the population share for use of prohibited substances during the last season (4%) and for lifetime use (3.6%) did not differ significantly. Approximately 21% of respondents had used substances for training or competitions that were taken for a purpose other than performance enhancement (e.g., to improve their mood or to help with recuperation from a minor injury or illness) in the last year. 49% had done so at some point in their life.
authors: Department Economics and Sociology of Sport, Faculty of Human Sciences and Economics, Saarland University, Saarbrücken, Germany.
authors: Monika
authors: M
authors: Frenger
authors: Department Economics and Sociology of Sport, Faculty of Human Sciences and Economics, Saarland University, Saarbrücken, Germany.
authors: Werner
authors: W
authors: Pitsch
authors: Department Economics and Sociology of Sport, Faculty of Human Sciences and Economics, Saarland University, Saarbrücken, Germany.
authors: Eike
authors: E
authors: Emrich
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D056352:Athletes; D004300:Doping in Sports / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D005260:Female; D005858:Germany; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D011998:Recreation; D012651:Self Medication; D012952:Societies; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires