title: Oomycete Species Associated with Soybean Seedlings in North America-Part I: Identification and Pathogenicity Characterization.
abstract: Oomycete pathogens are commonly associated with soybean root rot and have been estimated to reduce soybean yields in the United States by 1.5 million tons on an annual basis. Limited information exists regarding the frequency and diversity of oomycete species across the major soybean-producing regions in North America. A survey was conducted across 11 major soybean-producing states in the United States and the province of Ontario, Canada. In 2011, 2,378 oomycete cultures were isolated from soybean seedling roots on a semiselective medium (CMA-PARPB) and were identified by sequencing of the internal transcribed spacer region of rDNA. Sequence results distinguished a total of 51 Pythium spp., three Phytophthora spp., three Phytopythium spp., and one Aphanomyces sp. in 2011, with Pythium sylvaticum (16%) and P. oopapillum (13%) being the most prevalent. In 2012, the survey was repeated, but, due to drought conditions across the sampling area, fewer total isolates (n = 1,038) were collected. Additionally, in 2012, a second semiselective medium (V8-RPBH) was included, which increased the Phytophthora spp. isolated from 0.7 to 7% of the total isolates. In 2012, 54 Pythium spp., seven Phytophthora spp., six Phytopythium spp., and one Pythiogeton sp. were recovered, with P. sylvaticum (14%) and P. heterothallicum (12%) being recovered most frequently. Pathogenicity and virulence were evaluated with representative isolates of each of the 84 species on soybean cv. Sloan. A seed-rot assay identified 13 and 11 pathogenic species, respectively, at 13 and 20°C. A seedling-root assay conducted at 20°C identified 43 species as pathogenic, having a significantly detrimental effect on the seedling roots as compared with the noninoculated control. A total of 15 species were pathogenic in both the seed and seedling assays. This study provides a comprehensive characterization of oomycete species present in soybean seedling roots in the major production areas in the United States and Ontario, Canada and provides a basis for disease management and breeding programs.
authors: First, second, third, fourth, and nineteenth authors: Department of Plant, Soil and Microbial Sciences, Michigan State University, East Lansing 48824; first and nineteenth authors: Program in Ecology, Evolutionary Biology and Behavior, Michigan State University; fifth author: Department of Crop Sciences, University of Illinois, Urbana 61801; sixth author: Department of Plant Science, South Dakota State University, Brookings 57007; seventh and fifteenth authors: Department of Plant Pathology, University of Wisconsin, Madison 53706; eighth author: Department of Plant Pathology, University of Nebraska, Lincoln 68583; ninth author: Department of Plant Pathology, Kansas State University, Manhattan 66506; tenth author: Department of Plant Pathology, University of Minnesota, St. Paul 55108; eleventh and twelfth authors: Department of Plant Pathology, North Dakota State University, Fargo 58105; thirteenth author: Department of Plant Pathology and Microbiology, Iowa State University, Ames 50011; fourteenth author: Department of Plant Pathology, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville 72701; sixteeenth author: Division of Plant Sciences, University of Missouri, Columbia 65211; seventeenth author: Ontario Ministry of Agriculture, Food & Rural Affairs, Ridgetown, ON N0P2C0, Canada; and eighteenth author: Department of Botany and Plant Pathology, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907.
authors: J
authors: 0000-0001-5492-5963
authors: J
authors: Alejandro Rojas
authors: First, second, third, fourth, and nineteenth authors: Department of Plant, Soil and Microbial Sciences, Michigan State University, East Lansing 48824; first and nineteenth authors: Program in Ecology, Evolutionary Biology and Behavior, Michigan State University; fifth author: Department of Crop Sciences, University of Illinois, Urbana 61801; sixth author: Department of Plant Science, South Dakota State University, Brookings 57007; seventh and fifteenth authors: Department of Plant Pathology, University of Wisconsin, Madison 53706; eighth author: Department of Plant Pathology, University of Nebraska, Lincoln 68583; ninth author: Department of Plant Pathology, Kansas State University, Manhattan 66506; tenth author: Department of Plant Pathology, University of Minnesota, St. Paul 55108; eleventh and twelfth authors: Department of Plant Pathology, North Dakota State University, Fargo 58105; thirteenth author: Department of Plant Pathology and Microbiology, Iowa State University, Ames 50011; fourteenth author: Department of Plant Pathology, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville 72701; sixteeenth author: Division of Plant Sciences, University of Missouri, Columbia 65211; seventeenth author: Ontario Ministry of Agriculture, Food & Rural Affairs, Ridgetown, ON N0P2C0, Canada; and eighteenth author: Department of Botany and Plant Pathology, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907.
authors: Janette L
authors: JL
authors: Jacobs
authors: First, second, third, fourth, and nineteenth authors: Department of Plant, Soil and Microbial Sciences, Michigan State University, East Lansing 48824; first and nineteenth authors: Program in Ecology, Evolutionary Biology and Behavior, Michigan State University; fifth author: Department of Crop Sciences, University of Illinois, Urbana 61801; sixth author: Department of Plant Science, South Dakota State University, Brookings 57007; seventh and fifteenth authors: Department of Plant Pathology, University of Wisconsin, Madison 53706; eighth author: Department of Plant Pathology, University of Nebraska, Lincoln 68583; ninth author: Department of Plant Pathology, Kansas State University, Manhattan 66506; tenth author: Department of Plant Pathology, University of Minnesota, St. Paul 55108; eleventh and twelfth authors: Department of Plant Pathology, North Dakota State University, Fargo 58105; thirteenth author: Department of Plant Pathology and Microbiology, Iowa State University, Ames 50011; fourteenth author: Department of Plant Pathology, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville 72701; sixteeenth author: Division of Plant Sciences, University of Missouri, Columbia 65211; seventeenth author: Ontario Ministry of Agriculture, Food & Rural Affairs, Ridgetown, ON N0P2C0, Canada; and eighteenth author: Department of Botany and Plant Pathology, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907.
authors: Stephanie
authors: S
authors: Napieralski
authors: First, second, third, fourth, and nineteenth authors: Department of Plant, Soil and Microbial Sciences, Michigan State University, East Lansing 48824; first and nineteenth authors: Program in Ecology, Evolutionary Biology and Behavior, Michigan State University; fifth author: Department of Crop Sciences, University of Illinois, Urbana 61801; sixth author: Department of Plant Science, South Dakota State University, Brookings 57007; seventh and fifteenth authors: Department of Plant Pathology, University of Wisconsin, Madison 53706; eighth author: Department of Plant Pathology, University of Nebraska, Lincoln 68583; ninth author: Department of Plant Pathology, Kansas State University, Manhattan 66506; tenth author: Department of Plant Pathology, University of Minnesota, St. Paul 55108; eleventh and twelfth authors: Department of Plant Pathology, North Dakota State University, Fargo 58105; thirteenth author: Department of Plant Pathology and Microbiology, Iowa State University, Ames 50011; fourteenth author: Department of Plant Pathology, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville 72701; sixteeenth author: Division of Plant Sciences, University of Missouri, Columbia 65211; seventeenth author: Ontario Ministry of Agriculture, Food & Rural Affairs, Ridgetown, ON N0P2C0, Canada; and eighteenth author: Department of Botany and Plant Pathology, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907.
authors: Behirda
authors: B
authors: Karaj
authors: First, second, third, fourth, and nineteenth authors: Department of Plant, Soil and Microbial Sciences, Michigan State University, East Lansing 48824; first and nineteenth authors: Program in Ecology, Evolutionary Biology and Behavior, Michigan State University; fifth author: Department of Crop Sciences, University of Illinois, Urbana 61801; sixth author: Department of Plant Science, South Dakota State University, Brookings 57007; seventh and fifteenth authors: Department of Plant Pathology, University of Wisconsin, Madison 53706; eighth author: Department of Plant Pathology, University of Nebraska, Lincoln 68583; ninth author: Department of Plant Pathology, Kansas State University, Manhattan 66506; tenth author: Department of Plant Pathology, University of Minnesota, St. Paul 55108; eleventh and twelfth authors: Department of Plant Pathology, North Dakota State University, Fargo 58105; thirteenth author: Department of Plant Pathology and Microbiology, Iowa State University, Ames 50011; fourteenth author: Department of Plant Pathology, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville 72701; sixteeenth author: Division of Plant Sciences, University of Missouri, Columbia 65211; seventeenth author: Ontario Ministry of Agriculture, Food & Rural Affairs, Ridgetown, ON N0P2C0, Canada; and eighteenth author: Department of Botany and Plant Pathology, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907.
authors: Carl A
authors: CA
authors: Bradley
authors: First, second, third, fourth, and nineteenth authors: Department of Plant, Soil and Microbial Sciences, Michigan State University, East Lansing 48824; first and nineteenth authors: Program in Ecology, Evolutionary Biology and Behavior, Michigan State University; fifth author: Department of Crop Sciences, University of Illinois, Urbana 61801; sixth author: Department of Plant Science, South Dakota State University, Brookings 57007; seventh and fifteenth authors: Department of Plant Pathology, University of Wisconsin, Madison 53706; eighth author: Department of Plant Pathology, University of Nebraska, Lincoln 68583; ninth author: Department of Plant Pathology, Kansas State University, Manhattan 66506; tenth author: Department of Plant Pathology, University of Minnesota, St. Paul 55108; eleventh and twelfth authors: Department of Plant Pathology, North Dakota State University, Fargo 58105; thirteenth author: Department of Plant Pathology and Microbiology, Iowa State University, Ames 50011; fourteenth author: Department of Plant Pathology, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville 72701; sixteeenth author: Division of Plant Sciences, University of Missouri, Columbia 65211; seventeenth author: Ontario Ministry of Agriculture, Food & Rural Affairs, Ridgetown, ON N0P2C0, Canada; and eighteenth author: Department of Botany and Plant Pathology, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907.
authors: Thomas
authors: T
authors: Chase
authors: First, second, third, fourth, and nineteenth authors: Department of Plant, Soil and Microbial Sciences, Michigan State University, East Lansing 48824; first and nineteenth authors: Program in Ecology, Evolutionary Biology and Behavior, Michigan State University; fifth author: Department of Crop Sciences, University of Illinois, Urbana 61801; sixth author: Department of Plant Science, South Dakota State University, Brookings 57007; seventh and fifteenth authors: Department of Plant Pathology, University of Wisconsin, Madison 53706; eighth author: Department of Plant Pathology, University of Nebraska, Lincoln 68583; ninth author: Department of Plant Pathology, Kansas State University, Manhattan 66506; tenth author: Department of Plant Pathology, University of Minnesota, St. Paul 55108; eleventh and twelfth authors: Department of Plant Pathology, North Dakota State University, Fargo 58105; thirteenth author: Department of Plant Pathology and Microbiology, Iowa State University, Ames 50011; fourteenth author: Department of Plant Pathology, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville 72701; sixteeenth author: Division of Plant Sciences, University of Missouri, Columbia 65211; seventeenth author: Ontario Ministry of Agriculture, Food & Rural Affairs, Ridgetown, ON N0P2C0, Canada; and eighteenth author: Department of Botany and Plant Pathology, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907.
authors: Paul D
authors: PD
authors: Esker
authors: First, second, third, fourth, and nineteenth authors: Department of Plant, Soil and Microbial Sciences, Michigan State University, East Lansing 48824; first and nineteenth authors: Program in Ecology, Evolutionary Biology and Behavior, Michigan State University; fifth author: Department of Crop Sciences, University of Illinois, Urbana 61801; sixth author: Department of Plant Science, South Dakota State University, Brookings 57007; seventh and fifteenth authors: Department of Plant Pathology, University of Wisconsin, Madison 53706; eighth author: Department of Plant Pathology, University of Nebraska, Lincoln 68583; ninth author: Department of Plant Pathology, Kansas State University, Manhattan 66506; tenth author: Department of Plant Pathology, University of Minnesota, St. Paul 55108; eleventh and twelfth authors: Department of Plant Pathology, North Dakota State University, Fargo 58105; thirteenth author: Department of Plant Pathology and Microbiology, Iowa State University, Ames 50011; fourteenth author: Department of Plant Pathology, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville 72701; sixteeenth author: Division of Plant Sciences, University of Missouri, Columbia 65211; seventeenth author: Ontario Ministry of Agriculture, Food & Rural Affairs, Ridgetown, ON N0P2C0, Canada; and eighteenth author: Department of Botany and Plant Pathology, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907.
authors: Loren J
authors: LJ
authors: Giesler
authors: First, second, third, fourth, and nineteenth authors: Department of Plant, Soil and Microbial Sciences, Michigan State University, East Lansing 48824; first and nineteenth authors: Program in Ecology, Evolutionary Biology and Behavior, Michigan State University; fifth author: Department of Crop Sciences, University of Illinois, Urbana 61801; sixth author: Department of Plant Science, South Dakota State University, Brookings 57007; seventh and fifteenth authors: Department of Plant Pathology, University of Wisconsin, Madison 53706; eighth author: Department of Plant Pathology, University of Nebraska, Lincoln 68583; ninth author: Department of Plant Pathology, Kansas State University, Manhattan 66506; tenth author: Department of Plant Pathology, University of Minnesota, St. Paul 55108; eleventh and twelfth authors: Department of Plant Pathology, North Dakota State University, Fargo 58105; thirteenth author: Department of Plant Pathology and Microbiology, Iowa State University, Ames 50011; fourteenth author: Department of Plant Pathology, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville 72701; sixteeenth author: Division of Plant Sciences, University of Missouri, Columbia 65211; seventeenth author: Ontario Ministry of Agriculture, Food & Rural Affairs, Ridgetown, ON N0P2C0, Canada; and eighteenth author: Department of Botany and Plant Pathology, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907.
authors: Doug J
authors: DJ
authors: Jardine
authors: First, second, third, fourth, and nineteenth authors: Department of Plant, Soil and Microbial Sciences, Michigan State University, East Lansing 48824; first and nineteenth authors: Program in Ecology, Evolutionary Biology and Behavior, Michigan State University; fifth author: Department of Crop Sciences, University of Illinois, Urbana 61801; sixth author: Department of Plant Science, South Dakota State University, Brookings 57007; seventh and fifteenth authors: Department of Plant Pathology, University of Wisconsin, Madison 53706; eighth author: Department of Plant Pathology, University of Nebraska, Lincoln 68583; ninth author: Department of Plant Pathology, Kansas State University, Manhattan 66506; tenth author: Department of Plant Pathology, University of Minnesota, St. Paul 55108; eleventh and twelfth authors: Department of Plant Pathology, North Dakota State University, Fargo 58105; thirteenth author: Department of Plant Pathology and Microbiology, Iowa State University, Ames 50011; fourteenth author: Department of Plant Pathology, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville 72701; sixteeenth author: Division of Plant Sciences, University of Missouri, Columbia 65211; seventeenth author: Ontario Ministry of Agriculture, Food & Rural Affairs, Ridgetown, ON N0P2C0, Canada; and eighteenth author: Department of Botany and Plant Pathology, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907.
authors: Dean K
authors: DK
authors: Malvick
authors: First, second, third, fourth, and nineteenth authors: Department of Plant, Soil and Microbial Sciences, Michigan State University, East Lansing 48824; first and nineteenth authors: Program in Ecology, Evolutionary Biology and Behavior, Michigan State University; fifth author: Department of Crop Sciences, University of Illinois, Urbana 61801; sixth author: Department of Plant Science, South Dakota State University, Brookings 57007; seventh and fifteenth authors: Department of Plant Pathology, University of Wisconsin, Madison 53706; eighth author: Department of Plant Pathology, University of Nebraska, Lincoln 68583; ninth author: Department of Plant Pathology, Kansas State University, Manhattan 66506; tenth author: Department of Plant Pathology, University of Minnesota, St. Paul 55108; eleventh and twelfth authors: Department of Plant Pathology, North Dakota State University, Fargo 58105; thirteenth author: Department of Plant Pathology and Microbiology, Iowa State University, Ames 50011; fourteenth author: Department of Plant Pathology, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville 72701; sixteeenth author: Division of Plant Sciences, University of Missouri, Columbia 65211; seventeenth author: Ontario Ministry of Agriculture, Food & Rural Affairs, Ridgetown, ON N0P2C0, Canada; and eighteenth author: Department of Botany and Plant Pathology, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907.
authors: Samuel G
authors: SG
authors: Markell
authors: First, second, third, fourth, and nineteenth authors: Department of Plant, Soil and Microbial Sciences, Michigan State University, East Lansing 48824; first and nineteenth authors: Program in Ecology, Evolutionary Biology and Behavior, Michigan State University; fifth author: Department of Crop Sciences, University of Illinois, Urbana 61801; sixth author: Department of Plant Science, South Dakota State University, Brookings 57007; seventh and fifteenth authors: Department of Plant Pathology, University of Wisconsin, Madison 53706; eighth author: Department of Plant Pathology, University of Nebraska, Lincoln 68583; ninth author: Department of Plant Pathology, Kansas State University, Manhattan 66506; tenth author: Department of Plant Pathology, University of Minnesota, St. Paul 55108; eleventh and twelfth authors: Department of Plant Pathology, North Dakota State University, Fargo 58105; thirteenth author: Department of Plant Pathology and Microbiology, Iowa State University, Ames 50011; fourteenth author: Department of Plant Pathology, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville 72701; sixteeenth author: Division of Plant Sciences, University of Missouri, Columbia 65211; seventeenth author: Ontario Ministry of Agriculture, Food & Rural Affairs, Ridgetown, ON N0P2C0, Canada; and eighteenth author: Department of Botany and Plant Pathology, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907.
authors: Berlin D
authors: BD
authors: Nelson
authors: First, second, third, fourth, and nineteenth authors: Department of Plant, Soil and Microbial Sciences, Michigan State University, East Lansing 48824; first and nineteenth authors: Program in Ecology, Evolutionary Biology and Behavior, Michigan State University; fifth author: Department of Crop Sciences, University of Illinois, Urbana 61801; sixth author: Department of Plant Science, South Dakota State University, Brookings 57007; seventh and fifteenth authors: Department of Plant Pathology, University of Wisconsin, Madison 53706; eighth author: Department of Plant Pathology, University of Nebraska, Lincoln 68583; ninth author: Department of Plant Pathology, Kansas State University, Manhattan 66506; tenth author: Department of Plant Pathology, University of Minnesota, St. Paul 55108; eleventh and twelfth authors: Department of Plant Pathology, North Dakota State University, Fargo 58105; thirteenth author: Department of Plant Pathology and Microbiology, Iowa State University, Ames 50011; fourteenth author: Department of Plant Pathology, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville 72701; sixteeenth author: Division of Plant Sciences, University of Missouri, Columbia 65211; seventeenth author: Ontario Ministry of Agriculture, Food & Rural Affairs, Ridgetown, ON N0P2C0, Canada; and eighteenth author: Department of Botany and Plant Pathology, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907.
authors: Alison E
authors: AE
authors: Robertson
authors: First, second, third, fourth, and nineteenth authors: Department of Plant, Soil and Microbial Sciences, Michigan State University, East Lansing 48824; first and nineteenth authors: Program in Ecology, Evolutionary Biology and Behavior, Michigan State University; fifth author: Department of Crop Sciences, University of Illinois, Urbana 61801; sixth author: Department of Plant Science, South Dakota State University, Brookings 57007; seventh and fifteenth authors: Department of Plant Pathology, University of Wisconsin, Madison 53706; eighth author: Department of Plant Pathology, University of Nebraska, Lincoln 68583; ninth author: Department of Plant Pathology, Kansas State University, Manhattan 66506; tenth author: Department of Plant Pathology, University of Minnesota, St. Paul 55108; eleventh and twelfth authors: Department of Plant Pathology, North Dakota State University, Fargo 58105; thirteenth author: Department of Plant Pathology and Microbiology, Iowa State University, Ames 50011; fourteenth author: Department of Plant Pathology, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville 72701; sixteeenth author: Division of Plant Sciences, University of Missouri, Columbia 65211; seventeenth author: Ontario Ministry of Agriculture, Food & Rural Affairs, Ridgetown, ON N0P2C0, Canada; and eighteenth author: Department of Botany and Plant Pathology, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907.
authors: John C
authors: JC
authors: Rupe
authors: First, second, third, fourth, and nineteenth authors: Department of Plant, Soil and Microbial Sciences, Michigan State University, East Lansing 48824; first and nineteenth authors: Program in Ecology, Evolutionary Biology and Behavior, Michigan State University; fifth author: Department of Crop Sciences, University of Illinois, Urbana 61801; sixth author: Department of Plant Science, South Dakota State University, Brookings 57007; seventh and fifteenth authors: Department of Plant Pathology, University of Wisconsin, Madison 53706; eighth author: Department of Plant Pathology, University of Nebraska, Lincoln 68583; ninth author: Department of Plant Pathology, Kansas State University, Manhattan 66506; tenth author: Department of Plant Pathology, University of Minnesota, St. Paul 55108; eleventh and twelfth authors: Department of Plant Pathology, North Dakota State University, Fargo 58105; thirteenth author: Department of Plant Pathology and Microbiology, Iowa State University, Ames 50011; fourteenth author: Department of Plant Pathology, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville 72701; sixteeenth author: Division of Plant Sciences, University of Missouri, Columbia 65211; seventeenth author: Ontario Ministry of Agriculture, Food & Rural Affairs, Ridgetown, ON N0P2C0, Canada; and eighteenth author: Department of Botany and Plant Pathology, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907.
authors: Damon L
authors: DL
authors: Smith
authors: First, second, third, fourth, and nineteenth authors: Department of Plant, Soil and Microbial Sciences, Michigan State University, East Lansing 48824; first and nineteenth authors: Program in Ecology, Evolutionary Biology and Behavior, Michigan State University; fifth author: Department of Crop Sciences, University of Illinois, Urbana 61801; sixth author: Department of Plant Science, South Dakota State University, Brookings 57007; seventh and fifteenth authors: Department of Plant Pathology, University of Wisconsin, Madison 53706; eighth author: Department of Plant Pathology, University of Nebraska, Lincoln 68583; ninth author: Department of Plant Pathology, Kansas State University, Manhattan 66506; tenth author: Department of Plant Pathology, University of Minnesota, St. Paul 55108; eleventh and twelfth authors: Department of Plant Pathology, North Dakota State University, Fargo 58105; thirteenth author: Department of Plant Pathology and Microbiology, Iowa State University, Ames 50011; fourteenth author: Department of Plant Pathology, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville 72701; sixteeenth author: Division of Plant Sciences, University of Missouri, Columbia 65211; seventeenth author: Ontario Ministry of Agriculture, Food & Rural Affairs, Ridgetown, ON N0P2C0, Canada; and eighteenth author: Department of Botany and Plant Pathology, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907.
authors: Laura E
authors: LE
authors: Sweets
authors: First, second, third, fourth, and nineteenth authors: Department of Plant, Soil and Microbial Sciences, Michigan State University, East Lansing 48824; first and nineteenth authors: Program in Ecology, Evolutionary Biology and Behavior, Michigan State University; fifth author: Department of Crop Sciences, University of Illinois, Urbana 61801; sixth author: Department of Plant Science, South Dakota State University, Brookings 57007; seventh and fifteenth authors: Department of Plant Pathology, University of Wisconsin, Madison 53706; eighth author: Department of Plant Pathology, University of Nebraska, Lincoln 68583; ninth author: Department of Plant Pathology, Kansas State University, Manhattan 66506; tenth author: Department of Plant Pathology, University of Minnesota, St. Paul 55108; eleventh and twelfth authors: Department of Plant Pathology, North Dakota State University, Fargo 58105; thirteenth author: Department of Plant Pathology and Microbiology, Iowa State University, Ames 50011; fourteenth author: Department of Plant Pathology, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville 72701; sixteeenth author: Division of Plant Sciences, University of Missouri, Columbia 65211; seventeenth author: Ontario Ministry of Agriculture, Food & Rural Affairs, Ridgetown, ON N0P2C0, Canada; and eighteenth author: Department of Botany and Plant Pathology, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907.
authors: Albert U
authors: AU
authors: Tenuta
authors: First, second, third, fourth, and nineteenth authors: Department of Plant, Soil and Microbial Sciences, Michigan State University, East Lansing 48824; first and nineteenth authors: Program in Ecology, Evolutionary Biology and Behavior, Michigan State University; fifth author: Department of Crop Sciences, University of Illinois, Urbana 61801; sixth author: Department of Plant Science, South Dakota State University, Brookings 57007; seventh and fifteenth authors: Department of Plant Pathology, University of Wisconsin, Madison 53706; eighth author: Department of Plant Pathology, University of Nebraska, Lincoln 68583; ninth author: Department of Plant Pathology, Kansas State University, Manhattan 66506; tenth author: Department of Plant Pathology, University of Minnesota, St. Paul 55108; eleventh and twelfth authors: Department of Plant Pathology, North Dakota State University, Fargo 58105; thirteenth author: Department of Plant Pathology and Microbiology, Iowa State University, Ames 50011; fourteenth author: Department of Plant Pathology, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville 72701; sixteeenth author: Division of Plant Sciences, University of Missouri, Columbia 65211; seventeenth author: Ontario Ministry of Agriculture, Food & Rural Affairs, Ridgetown, ON N0P2C0, Canada; and eighteenth author: Department of Botany and Plant Pathology, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907.
authors: Kiersten A
authors: KA
authors: Wise
authors: First, second, third, fourth, and nineteenth authors: Department of Plant, Soil and Microbial Sciences, Michigan State University, East Lansing 48824; first and nineteenth authors: Program in Ecology, Evolutionary Biology and Behavior, Michigan State University; fifth author: Department of Crop Sciences, University of Illinois, Urbana 61801; sixth author: Department of Plant Science, South Dakota State University, Brookings 57007; seventh and fifteenth authors: Department of Plant Pathology, University of Wisconsin, Madison 53706; eighth author: Department of Plant Pathology, University of Nebraska, Lincoln 68583; ninth author: Department of Plant Pathology, Kansas State University, Manhattan 66506; tenth author: Department of Plant Pathology, University of Minnesota, St. Paul 55108; eleventh and twelfth authors: Department of Plant Pathology, North Dakota State University, Fargo 58105; thirteenth author: Department of Plant Pathology and Microbiology, Iowa State University, Ames 50011; fourteenth author: Department of Plant Pathology, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville 72701; sixteeenth author: Division of Plant Sciences, University of Missouri, Columbia 65211; seventeenth author: Ontario Ministry of Agriculture, Food & Rural Affairs, Ridgetown, ON N0P2C0, Canada; and eighteenth author: Department of Botany and Plant Pathology, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907.
authors: Martin I
authors: MI
authors: Chilvers
mesh_terms: D044744:Aphanomyces / Q000145:classification / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000472:pathogenicity; D005843:Geography; D009868:Oomycetes / Q000145:classification / Q000302:isolation & purification* / Q000472:pathogenicity; D010802:Phylogeny; D010838:Phytophthora / Q000145:classification / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000472:pathogenicity; D010935:Plant Diseases / Q000469:parasitology* / Q000517:prevention & control; D018517:Plant Roots / Q000469:parasitology; D011775:Pythium / Q000145:classification / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000472:pathogenicity; D036226:Seedlings / Q000469:parasitology; D012639:Seeds / Q000469:parasitology; D013025:Glycine max / Q000469:parasitology*; D014774:Virulence