title: Validity of remission and recovery criteria for schizophrenia and major depression: comparison of the results of two one-year follow-up naturalistic studies.
abstract: The objective of the present study was the application and comparison of common remission and recovery criteria between patients with the diagnosis of schizophrenia and major depressive disorder (MDD) under inclusion of other outcome parameters. Patients with schizophrenia and MDD who were treated as inpatients at the beginning of the study were examined within two naturalistic follow-up trials from admission to discharge of an inpatient treatment period and the one-year follow-up assessment. PANSS criteria of the Remission in Schizophrenia Working Group (RSWG) for schizophrenia and HAMD criteria of the ACNP Task Force in MDD for depressive patients as well as the Clinical Global Impression-Severity Scale (CGI-S) were applied as symptomatic outcome measures additionally to functional outcome parameters. Data of 153 schizophrenia patients and 231 patients with a MDD episode have been included in the analysis. More depressive than schizophrenia patients reached a threshold score of ≤3 on the CGI-S, indicating symptomatic remission at discharge and at the one-year follow-up. In contrast similar proportions of patients reaching symptomatic remission at discharge from inpatient treatment and at the one-year follow-up in the schizophrenia and in the MDD group were found when disease-related consensus criteria (RSWG vs. ACNP Task Force) were used. Functional remission and recovery rates were significantly lower in schizophrenia than in depressive patients at the one-year follow-up visit. Common outcome criteria for remission and recovery in schizophrenia and major depression were not directly comparable. However, our results indicated a significantly poorer outcome in schizophrenia than in depressive patients according to terms of remission and recovery.
authors: Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Nussbaumstrasse 7, 80336, Munich, Germany. ilja.spellmann@bkh-kaufbeuren.de.|Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Bezirkskrankenhaus Kaufbeuren, Kemnater Str. 16, 87600, Kaufbeuren, Germany. ilja.spellmann@bkh-kaufbeuren.de.
authors: Ilja
authors: http://orcid.org/0000-0002-3041-2386
authors: I
authors: Spellmann
authors: Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Nussbaumstrasse 7, 80336, Munich, Germany.|Schön Klinik Roseneck, Am Roseneck 6, 83209, Prien am Chiemsee, Rosenheim, Germany.
authors: Rebecca
authors: R
authors: Schennach
authors: Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Nussbaumstrasse 7, 80336, Munich, Germany.|Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, kbo-Lech-Mangfall-Klinik, Auenstr. 6, 82467, Garmisch-Partenkirchen, Germany.
authors: Florian
authors: F
authors: Seemüller
authors: Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Nussbaumstrasse 7, 80336, Munich, Germany.|Abteilung Biostatistik, ISPM Universität Zürich, Hirschengraben 84, 8001, Zürich, Switzerland.
authors: Sebastian
authors: S
authors: Meyer
authors: Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Nussbaumstrasse 7, 80336, Munich, Germany.
authors: Richard
authors: R
authors: Musil
authors: Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Bezirkskrankenhaus Günzburg, Ludwig-Heilmeyer-Str. 2, 89312, Günzburg, Germany.
authors: Markus
authors: M
authors: Jäger
authors: Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Bezirkskrankenhaus Augsburg, Dr.-Mack-Straße 1, 86156, Augsburg, Germany.
authors: Max
authors: M
authors: Schmauß
authors: Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, kbo-Inn-Salzach-Klinikum, Gabersee 7, 83512, Wasserburg, Germany.
authors: Gerd
authors: G
authors: Laux
authors: Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy Munich East, kbo-Isar-Amper-Klinikum, Vockestr. 72, 85540, Haar, Germany.
authors: Herbert
authors: H
authors: Pfeiffer
authors: Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistraße 52, 20246, Hamburg, Germany.
authors: Dieter
authors: D
authors: Naber
authors: Practice for Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Obere Straße 9, 97421, Schweinfurt, Germany.
authors: Lutz G
authors: LG
authors: Schmidt
authors: Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine-University, Bergische Landstr.2, 40629, Düsseldorf, Germany.
authors: Wolfgang
authors: W
authors: Gaebel
authors: Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Cologne, Kerpener Straße 62, 50924, Köln, Germany.
authors: Joachim
authors: J
authors: Klosterkötter
authors: Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Campus Charité Mitte (CCM), Charitéplatz 1, 10117, Berlin, Germany.
authors: Isabella
authors: I
authors: Heuser
authors: Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Carl Gustav Carus Hospital, Technical University, Fetscherstr. 74, 01307, Dresden, Germany.
authors: Michael
authors: M
authors: Bauer
authors: Fliedner Klinik Berlin, Charlottenstraße 65, 10117, Berlin, Germany.
authors: Mazda
authors: M
authors: Adli
authors: Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Auguste-Viktoria-Krankenhaus, Rubensstr. 125, 12157, Berlin, Germany.
authors: Joachim
authors: J
authors: Zeiler
authors: Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy Munich East, kbo-Isar-Amper-Klinikum, Vockestr. 72, 85540, Haar, Germany.
authors: Wolfram
authors: W
authors: Bender
authors: LWL-Klinikum, Gütersloh, Buxelstr. 50, 33334, Gütersloh, Germany.
authors: Klaus-Thomas
authors: KT
authors: Kronmüller
authors: Max-Planck-Institut, Kraepelinstr. 2 - 10, 80804, München, Germany.
authors: Marcus
authors: M
authors: Ising
authors: Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Bezirkskrankenhaus Kempten, Robert-Weixler-Str. 46, 87439, Kempten, Germany.
authors: Peter
authors: P
authors: Brieger
authors: Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Bonn, Sigmund-Freud-Straße 25, 53127, Bonn, Germany.
authors: Wolfgang
authors: W
authors: Maier
authors: Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Evangelisches Krankenhaus Alsterdorf, Alsterdorfer Markt 8, 22297, Hamburg, Germany.
authors: Matthias R
authors: MR
authors: Lemke
authors: Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Nussbaumstrasse 7, 80336, Munich, Germany.
authors: Eckart
authors: E
authors: Rüther
authors: Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Tübingen, Osianderstraße 24, 72076, Tübingen, Germany.
authors: Stefan
authors: S
authors: Klingberg
authors: Fliedner Klinik Berlin, Charlottenstraße 65, 10117, Berlin, Germany.
authors: Markus
authors: M
authors: Gastpar
authors: Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Nussbaumstrasse 7, 80336, Munich, Germany.|Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Vinzenz von Paul Hospital, Schwenninger Str. 55, 78628, Rottweil, Germany.
authors: Michael
authors: M
authors: Riedel
authors: Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Nussbaumstrasse 7, 80336, Munich, Germany.
authors: Hans-Jürgen
authors: HJ
authors: Möller
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D003865:Major Depressive Disorder / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000523:psychology; D039721:Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D007297:Inpatients; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D017063:Outcome Assessment, Health Care; D020127:Recovery of Function / Q000502:physiology*; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D012559:Schizophrenia / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000503:physiopathology*; D012720:Severity of Illness Index
keywords: Major depression; Outcome criteria; Recovery; Remission; Schizophrenia