title: Admission Variables Associated with a Favorable Outcome after Mild Traumatic Brain Injury.
abstract: Consensus is lacking for ideal management of mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI) with intracranial hemorrhage (ICH). Patients are often monitored in the intensive care unit (ICU) without additional interventions. We sought to identify admission variables associated with a favorable outcome (ICU admission for 24 hours, no neurosurgical interventions, no complications or mortality) to divert these patients to a non-ICU setting in the future. We reviewed all patients with mTBI [Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS) = 13-15] and concomitant ICH between July 1, 2012, and June 30, 2015. Variables collected included demographics, vital signs, neurologic examination, imaging results, ICU course, mortality, and disposition. Of 201 patients, 78 (39%) had a favorable outcome. On univariate analysis, these patients were younger, more often had an isolated subarachnoid hemorrhage, and were more likely to have a GCS of 15 at admission. On multivariate regression analysis, after controlling for admission blood pressure, time to CT scan, and Marshall Score, age <55, GCS of 15 on arrival to the ICU, and isolated subarachnoid hemorrhage remained independent predictors of a favorable outcome. Patients meeting these criteria after mTBI with ICH likely do not require ICU-level care.
authors: Division of Trauma/Acute Care Surgery/Surgical Critical Care, Department of Surgery, Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, California, USA.
authors: Alexander C
authors: AC
authors: Schwed
authors: Monica M
authors: MM
authors: Boggs
authors: Drew
authors: D
authors: Watanabe
authors: David S
authors: DS
authors: Plurad
authors: Brant A
authors: BA
authors: Putnam
authors: Dennis Y
authors: DY
authors: Kim
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000367:Age Factors; D000368:Aged; D001924:Brain Concussion / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000401:mortality* / Q000628:therapy*; D002140:California; D003422:Critical Care / Q000379:methods; D005260:Female; D015600:Glasgow Coma Scale; D017052:Hospital Mortality / Q000639:trends; D006801:Humans; D015601:Injury Severity Score; D007362:Intensive Care Units / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D016015:Logistic Models; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D015999:Multivariate Analysis; D010343:Patient Admission / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D011379:Prognosis; D012042:Registries; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D018570:Risk Assessment; D012737:Sex Factors; D016896:Treatment Outcome