title: Lipid nanoparticles (SLN, NLC): Overcoming the anatomical and physiological barriers of the eye - Part I - Barriers and determining factors in ocular delivery.
abstract: Ocular drug delivery is still a challenge for researchers in the field of pharmaceutical technology due to anatomical and physiological eye characteristics. The tissue barriers (such as cornea, conjunctiva, blood aqueous barrier, and blood-retinal barrier) limit the access of drugs to their targets. Taking into account the short retention time in the precorneal area of classical ocular dosage forms (e.g. solutions, suspensions or ointments) which are rapidly eliminated by tears and eyelid movement, only less than five percent of the administered drug attains intraocular structures. With the aim to overcome ocular barriers, drug delivery systems, able to increase ocular bioavailability reducing side effects, are recognized as promising alternative. In this review, the main barriers and strategies to increase drug transport in ocular delivery are comprehensively discussed, highlighting the factors involved in ocular transport of SLN and NLC.
authors: Department of Pharmacy, Pharmaceutical Technology and Physical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Barcelona, Av. Joan XXIII s/n, 08028 Barcelona, Spain; Institute of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, University of Barcelona, Av. Joan XXIII s/n, 08028 Barcelona, Spain.
authors: E
authors: E
authors: Sánchez-López
authors: Department of Pharmacy, Pharmaceutical Technology and Physical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Barcelona, Av. Joan XXIII s/n, 08028 Barcelona, Spain; Institute of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, University of Barcelona, Av. Joan XXIII s/n, 08028 Barcelona, Spain.
authors: M
authors: M
authors: Espina
authors: Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Coimbra (FFUC), Polo das Ciências da Saúde, Azinhaga de Santa Comba, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal.
authors: S
authors: S
authors: Doktorovova
authors: Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Coimbra (FFUC), Polo das Ciências da Saúde, Azinhaga de Santa Comba, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal; REQUIMTE/LAQV, Group of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal.
authors: E B
authors: EB
authors: Souto
authors: Department of Pharmacy, Pharmaceutical Technology and Physical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Barcelona, Av. Joan XXIII s/n, 08028 Barcelona, Spain; Institute of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, University of Barcelona, Av. Joan XXIII s/n, 08028 Barcelona, Spain. Electronic address: marisagarcia@ub.edu.
authors: M L
authors: ML
authors: García
mesh_terms: D001812:Blood-Brain Barrier; D001813:Blood-Retinal Barrier / Q000187:drug effects; D003228:Conjunctiva / Q000187:drug effects; D003315:Cornea / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D004058:Diffusion; D004337:Drug Carriers / Q000737:chemistry*; D005123:Eye / Q000187:drug effects*; D005128:Eye Diseases / Q000188:drug therapy; D006801:Humans; D008055:Lipids / Q000737:chemistry*; D053758:Nanoparticles / Q000737:chemistry*; D013666:Tears / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D004337:Drug Carriers; D008055:Lipids
keywords: Drug transport; Eye physiology; Lipid nanoparticles; Ocular barriers; Ocular drug delivery