title: Latent Oxidative Polymerization of Catecholamines as Potential Cross-linkers for Biocompatible and Multifunctional Biopolymer Scaffolds.
abstract: Electrospinning of naturally occurring biopolymers for biological applications requires postspinning cross-linking for endurance in protease-rich microenvironments and prevention of rapid dissolution. The most commonly used cross-linkers often generate cytotoxic byproducts, which necessitate high concentrations or time-consuming procedures. Herein, we report the addition of "safe" catecholamine cross-linkers to collagen or gelatin dope solutions followed by electrospinning yielded junction-containing nanofibrous mats. Subsequent in situ oxidative polymerization of the catecholamines increased the density of soldered junctions and maintained the porous nanofiber architecture. This protocol imparted photoluminescence to the biopolymers, a smooth noncytotoxic coating, and good mechanical/structural stability in aqueous solutions. The utility of our approach was demonstrated by the preparation of durable antimicrobial wound dressings and mineralized osteoconductive scaffolds via peptide antibiotics and calcium chloride (CaCl2) incorporation into the dope solutions. The mineralized composite mats consist of amorphous calcium carbonate that enhanced the osteoblasts cell proliferation, differentiation, and expression of important osteogenic marker proteins. In proof-of-concept experiments, antibiotic-loaded mats displayed superior antimicrobial properties relative to silver (Ag)-based dressings, and accelerated wound healing in a porcine deep dermal burn injury model.
authors: Anti-Infectives Research Group, Singapore Eye Research Institute , The Academia, 20 College Road, Discovery Tower, Singapore 169856, Singapore.
authors: Chetna
authors: C
authors: Dhand
authors: Anti-Infectives Research Group, Singapore Eye Research Institute , The Academia, 20 College Road, Discovery Tower, Singapore 169856, Singapore.|Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences Academic Clinical Program, Duke-NUS Graduate Medical School , Singapore 169857, Singapore.|Department of Ophthalmology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore , Singapore 119077, Singapore.
authors: Veluchamy Amutha
authors: VA
authors: Barathi
authors: Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University , Experimental Medicine Building, 59 Nanyang Drive, Singapore 636921, Singapore.
authors: Seow Theng
authors: ST
authors: Ong
authors: Anti-Infectives Research Group, Singapore Eye Research Institute , The Academia, 20 College Road, Discovery Tower, Singapore 169856, Singapore.
authors: Mayandi
authors: M
authors: Venkatesh
authors: Anti-Infectives Research Group, Singapore Eye Research Institute , The Academia, 20 College Road, Discovery Tower, Singapore 169856, Singapore.
authors: Sriram
authors: S
authors: Harini
authors: Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, National University of Singapore , 3 Engineering Drive 3, Singapore 117583, Singapore.
authors: Neeraj
authors: N
authors: Dwivedi
authors: Anti-Infectives Research Group, Singapore Eye Research Institute , The Academia, 20 College Road, Discovery Tower, Singapore 169856, Singapore.
authors: Eunice Tze Leng
authors: ET
authors: Goh
authors: Anti-Infectives Research Group, Singapore Eye Research Institute , The Academia, 20 College Road, Discovery Tower, Singapore 169856, Singapore.
authors: Muruganantham
authors: M
authors: Nandhakumar
authors: Center for Nanofibers and Nanotechnology and Department of Mechanical Engineering, National University of Singapore , Singapore 117576, Singapore.
authors: Jayarama Reddy
authors: JR
authors: Venugopal
authors: Anti-Infectives Research Group, Singapore Eye Research Institute , The Academia, 20 College Road, Discovery Tower, Singapore 169856, Singapore.
authors: Silvia Marrero
authors: SM
authors: Diaz
authors: Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University , Experimental Medicine Building, 59 Nanyang Drive, Singapore 636921, Singapore.
authors: Mobashar Hussain Urf Turabe
authors: MH
authors: Fazil
authors: Institute of Materials Research and Engineering, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A *STAR) , Singapore 117602, Singapore.
authors: Xian Jun
authors: XJ
authors: Loh
authors: Anti-Infectives Research Group, Singapore Eye Research Institute , The Academia, 20 College Road, Discovery Tower, Singapore 169856, Singapore.|Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences Academic Clinical Program, Duke-NUS Graduate Medical School , Singapore 169857, Singapore.
authors: Liu Shou
authors: LS
authors: Ping
authors: Anti-Infectives Research Group, Singapore Eye Research Institute , The Academia, 20 College Road, Discovery Tower, Singapore 169856, Singapore.|Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences Academic Clinical Program, Duke-NUS Graduate Medical School , Singapore 169857, Singapore.
authors: Roger W
authors: RW
authors: Beuerman
authors: Anti-Infectives Research Group, Singapore Eye Research Institute , The Academia, 20 College Road, Discovery Tower, Singapore 169856, Singapore.|Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University , Experimental Medicine Building, 59 Nanyang Drive, Singapore 636921, Singapore.
authors: Navin Kumar
authors: NK
authors: Verma
authors: Center for Nanofibers and Nanotechnology and Department of Mechanical Engineering, National University of Singapore , Singapore 117576, Singapore.|Guangdong-Hongkong-Macau Institute of CNS Regeneration (GHMICR), Jinan University , Guangzhou 510632, China.
authors: Seeram
authors: S
authors: Ramakrishna
authors: Anti-Infectives Research Group, Singapore Eye Research Institute , The Academia, 20 College Road, Discovery Tower, Singapore 169856, Singapore.|Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences Academic Clinical Program, Duke-NUS Graduate Medical School , Singapore 169857, Singapore.
authors: Rajamani
authors: R
authors: Lakshminarayanan
keywords: amorphous calcium carbonate; bone composites; catecholamines; junction nanofibers; wound dressings