title: Dissolved organic sulfur in the ocean: Biogeochemistry of a petagram inventory.
abstract: Although sulfur is an essential element for marine primary production and critical for climate processes, little is known about the oceanic pool of nonvolatile dissolved organic sulfur (DOS). We present a basin-scale distribution of solid-phase extractable DOS in the East Atlantic Ocean and the Atlantic sector of the Southern Ocean. Although molar DOS versus dissolved organic nitrogen (DON) ratios of 0.11 ± 0.024 in Atlantic surface water resembled phytoplankton stoichiometry (sulfur/nitrogen ~ 0.08), increasing dissolved organic carbon (DOC) versus DOS ratios and decreasing methionine-S yield demonstrated selective DOS removal and active involvement in marine biogeochemical cycles. Based on stoichiometric estimates, the minimum global inventory of marine DOS is 6.7 petagrams of sulfur, exceeding all other marine organic sulfur reservoirs by an order of magnitude.
authors: Alfred Wegener Institute, Helmholtz Center for Polar and Marine Research, Am Handelshafen 12, 27570 Bremerhaven, Germany. MARUM Center for Marine Environmental Sciences, Leobener Straße, D-28359 Bremen, Germany. kerstin.ksionzek@awi.de boris.koch@awi.de.
authors: Kerstin B
authors: KB
authors: Ksionzek
authors: Alfred Wegener Institute, Helmholtz Center for Polar and Marine Research, Am Handelshafen 12, 27570 Bremerhaven, Germany. UFZ-Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research, Department of Analytical Chemistry, Permoserstraße 15, D-04318 Leipzig, Germany.
authors: Oliver J
authors: OJ
authors: Lechtenfeld
authors: Virginia Commonwealth University, Department of Biology, Center for Environmental Studies, 1000 West Cary Street, Richmond, VA 23284, USA.
authors: S Leigh
authors: SL
authors: McCallister
authors: Helmholtz Zentrum München (HMGU), German Research Centre for Environmental Health, Institute for Ecological Chemistry, Analytical BioGeoChemistry (BGC), Ingolstädter Landstraße 1, D-85764 Neuherberg, Germany. Technische Universität München, Chair of Analytical Food Chemistry, Alte Akademie 10, 85354 Freising, Germany.
authors: Philippe
authors: P
authors: Schmitt-Kopplin
authors: Alfred Wegener Institute, Helmholtz Center for Polar and Marine Research, Am Handelshafen 12, 27570 Bremerhaven, Germany.
authors: Jana K
authors: JK
authors: Geuer
authors: Alfred Wegener Institute, Helmholtz Center for Polar and Marine Research, Am Handelshafen 12, 27570 Bremerhaven, Germany.
authors: Walter
authors: W
authors: Geibert
authors: Alfred Wegener Institute, Helmholtz Center for Polar and Marine Research, Am Handelshafen 12, 27570 Bremerhaven, Germany. MARUM Center for Marine Environmental Sciences, Leobener Straße, D-28359 Bremen, Germany. University of Applied Sciences, An der Karlstadt 8, 27568 Bremerhaven, Germany. kerstin.ksionzek@awi.de boris.koch@awi.de.
authors: Boris P
authors: BP
authors: Koch
mesh_terms: D001267:Atlantic Ocean; D008715:Methionine / Q000032:analysis; D009584:Nitrogen / Q000032:analysis; D009792:Oceans and Seas; D010839:Phytoplankton / Q000737:chemistry; D012623:Seawater / Q000737:chemistry*; D052616:Solid Phase Extraction; D013457:Sulfur Compounds / Q000032:analysis*
chemical_list: D013457:Sulfur Compounds; D008715:Methionine; D009584:Nitrogen