title: 3D printed complex tissue construct using stem cell-laden decellularized extracellular matrix bioinks for cardiac repair.
abstract: Stem cell therapy is a promising therapeutic method for the treatment of ischemic heart diseases; however, some challenges prohibit the efficacy after cell delivery due to hostile microenvironment of the injured myocardium. 3D printed pre-vascularized stem cell patch can enhance the therapeutic efficacy for cardiac repair through promotion of rapid vascularization after patch transplantation. In this study, stem cell-laden decellularized extracellular matrix bioinks are used in 3D printing of pre-vascularized and functional multi-material structures. The printed structure composed of spatial patterning of dual stem cells improves cell-to-cell interactions and differentiation capability and promotes functionality for tissue regeneration. The developed stem cell patch promoted strong vascularization and tissue matrix formation in vivo. The patterned patch exhibited enhanced cardiac functions, reduced cardiac hypertrophy and fibrosis, increased migration from patch to the infarct area, neo-muscle and capillary formation along with improvements in cardiac functions. Therefore, pre-vascularized stem cell patch provides cardiac niche-like microenvironment, resulting in beneficial effects on cardiac repair.
authors: Department of Mechanical Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), 77 Cheongam-ro, Nam-gu, Pohang, Kyungbuk, 37673, South Korea.
authors: Jinah
authors: J
authors: Jang
authors: Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, College of Medicine, Cardiovascular Center, Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, 222 Banpodaero, Seocho-gu, Seoul, 06591, South Korea.
authors: Hun-Jun
authors: HJ
authors: Park
authors: Department of Mechanical Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), 77 Cheongam-ro, Nam-gu, Pohang, Kyungbuk, 37673, South Korea.
authors: Seok-Won
authors: SW
authors: Kim
authors: Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, College of Medicine, Cardiovascular Center, Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, 222 Banpodaero, Seocho-gu, Seoul, 06591, South Korea.
authors: Heejin
authors: H
authors: Kim
authors: Division of Integrative Biosciences and Biotechnology, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), 77 Cheongam-ro, Nam-gu, Pohang, Kyungbuk, 37673, South Korea.
authors: Ju Young
authors: JY
authors: Park
authors: Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, College of Medicine, Cardiovascular Center, Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, 222 Banpodaero, Seocho-gu, Seoul, 06591, South Korea.
authors: Soo Jin
authors: SJ
authors: Na
authors: Department of Mechanical Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), 77 Cheongam-ro, Nam-gu, Pohang, Kyungbuk, 37673, South Korea.
authors: Hyeon Ji
authors: HJ
authors: Kim
authors: Department of Mechanical Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), 77 Cheongam-ro, Nam-gu, Pohang, Kyungbuk, 37673, South Korea.
authors: Moon Nyeo
authors: MN
authors: Park
authors: Medical Research Institute, Laboratory for Vascular Medicine and Stem Cell Biology, Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Convergence Stem Cell Research Center, Immunoregulatory Therapeutics Group in Brain Busan 21 Project, Pusan National University, 20 Geumo-ro, Mulgeum-eup, Yangsan, 50612, South Korea.
authors: Seung Hyun
authors: SH
authors: Choi
authors: Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Department of Biomedical Science, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, 222 Banpo-daero, Seocho-gu, Seoul, 06591, South Korea.
authors: Sun Hwa
authors: SH
authors: Park
authors: Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Department of Biomedical Science, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, 222 Banpo-daero, Seocho-gu, Seoul, 06591, South Korea.
authors: Sung Won
authors: SW
authors: Kim
authors: Medical Research Institute, Laboratory for Vascular Medicine and Stem Cell Biology, Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Convergence Stem Cell Research Center, Immunoregulatory Therapeutics Group in Brain Busan 21 Project, Pusan National University, 20 Geumo-ro, Mulgeum-eup, Yangsan, 50612, South Korea.
authors: Sang-Mo
authors: SM
authors: Kwon
authors: Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, College of Medicine, Cardiovascular Center, Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, 222 Banpodaero, Seocho-gu, Seoul, 06591, South Korea. Electronic address: bjheart@catholic.ac.kr.
authors: Pum-Joon
authors: PJ
authors: Kim
authors: Department of Mechanical Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), 77 Cheongam-ro, Nam-gu, Pohang, Kyungbuk, 37673, South Korea. Electronic address: dwcho@postech.ac.kr.
authors: Dong-Woo
authors: DW
authors: Cho
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002474:Cell-Free System / Q000737:chemistry; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D005109:Extracellular Matrix / Q000737:chemistry*; D048091:Guided Tissue Regeneration / Q000295:instrumentation* / Q000379:methods; D006801:Humans; D007281:Ink; D051379:Mice; D008807:Mice, Inbred BALB C; D008819:Mice, Nude; D009203:Myocardial Infarction / Q000473:pathology / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000628:therapy*; D066330:Printing, Three-Dimensional; D051381:Rats; D011916:Rats, Inbred F344; D033581:Stem Cell Transplantation / Q000295:instrumentation* / Q000379:methods; D013552:Swine; D023822:Tissue Engineering / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods; D054457:Tissue Scaffolds; D016896:Treatment Outcome
keywords: 3D printing; Decellularized extracellular matrix; Hydrogel; Stem cells; Tissue engineering