title: Epidemiology of Snow Skiing- Versus Snowboarding-Related Concussions Presenting to the Emergency Department in the United States from 2010 to 2014.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To examine the trend of concussions in skiers and snowboarders from 2010 to 2014; and to quantify and compare the incidence of concussions injuries in skiers and snowboarders who presented to emergency departments in the United States in 2014.
  
  
  METHODS
  Cross-sectional study of concussions in skiers and snowboarders who were evaluated in emergency departments in the United States.
  
  
  METHODS
  Incidence of concussions.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The trend of the annual incidence of concussions for skiers and snowboarders remained stable from 2010 to 2014. An estimated total of 5388 skiing-related concussions and 5558 snowboarding-related concussions presented to emergency departments in the United States between January 1st, 2014, and December 31st, 2014. This represented an incidence of 16.9 concussions per 1 000 000 person-years for skiers and 17.4 concussions per 1 000 000 person-years for snowboarders. The incidence of concussions in the pediatric and young adult population of skiers was significantly higher than the incidence in the adult population. Similarly, the incidence of concussions in the pediatric and young adult population of snowboarders was significantly higher than the incidence in the adult population. The incidence of concussions was significantly higher in males compared with females in both skiing and snowboarding.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The incidence of concussions from 2010 to 2014 plateaued in both skiers and snowboarders. Pediatric and young adult skiers and snowboarders had significantly higher incidences of concussion than the adult population. In contrast to the higher incidence of concussions in females in several sports including ice hockey, soccer, and basketball, the incidence of concussions was higher in males compared with females in both skiing and snowboarding.
authors: Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Warren Alpert School of Medicine, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island.
authors: Joseph A
authors: JA
authors: Gil
authors: Steven F
authors: SF
authors: DeFroda
authors: Peter
authors: P
authors: Kriz
authors: Brett D
authors: BD
authors: Owens
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D001924:Brain Concussion / Q000453:epidemiology*; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D004636:Emergency Service, Hospital; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D015994:Incidence; D008297:Male; D012865:Skiing / Q000293:injuries*; D014481:United States; D055815:Young Adult