title: Advances in growing rods treatment for early onset scoliosis.
abstract: The goal of treatment in early onset scoliosis is to correct the deformity while allowing the thoracic growth for optimal cardiopulmonary functions. Growing rods treatment is a distraction-based, growth-friendly method that is commonly used in treatment of early onset scoliosis with its specific indications. Magnetically controlled growing rods (MCGR) method has been introduced to avoid morbidity of recurrent lengthening procedures. In this review, recent developments in traditional growing rods and MCGR are summarized.
  
  
  
  As the experience with growing rods increased and favorable results were reported, its indications have expanded. Recent studies focused on patient outcomes and complications. Another area of interest is the effects of growing rods in the sagittal spinal alignment. Midterm results demonstrated that MCGR treatment is promising but not free of complications. In MCGR, there is no consensus on the frequency and amount of distraction per session. Rod contouring and behavior of the magnet under MRI are major issues.
  
  
  
  Growing rods treatment successfully controls the deformity while preserving the growth of spine and thorax, despite high complication rates. Magnetically controlled systems are introduced to avoid repetitive surgical lengthening procedures. Although preliminary results are promising, there are still significant challenges and unknowns for MCGR.
authors: aDepartment of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Cankaya Hospital, Ankara, Turkey bDepartment of Orthopaedic Surgery, Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center (UPMC), Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA cDepartment of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Hacettepe University School of Medicine, Ankara, Turkey.
authors: Senol
authors: S
authors: Bekmez
authors: Ozgur
authors: O
authors: Dede
authors: Muharrem
authors: M
authors: Yazici
mesh_terms: D002648:Child; D006801:Humans; D059346:Magnets; D019857:Osteogenesis, Distraction / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods*; D011859:Radiography; D012600:Scoliosis / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000601:surgery*