title: Metabolite variations between acute-on-chronic liver failure and chronic liver failure caused by hepatitis B virus based on ultra-performance liquid chromatography mass spectrometry.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The present study aims to compare serum metabolite alterations between acute-on-chronic liver failure (ACLF) and chronic liver failure (CLF), and find the specific biomarkers associated with the diseases.
  
  
  METHODS
  Serum samples were collected from patients with ACLF (n=76) and CLF (n=56) as well as healthy individuals (n=20) and assayed by ultra-performance liquid chromatography mass spectrometry (UPLC-MS). The acquired data was analyzed using principal components analysis (PCA) and partial least squares discriminate analysis (PLS-DA).
  
  
  RESULTS
  The PLS-DA model with satisfactory explanatory and predictive ability (R2=0.979, Q2=0.918) is capable of discriminate ACLF patients from CLF patients. Significant difference in the metabolomics among the three groups was observed, metabolites that decreased significantly in the serum of ACLF and CLF included phosphatidylcholines (PCs) and lysophosphatidylcholines (LPCs), whereas conjugated bile acids (GCDCA, GUDCA) increased significantly, these metabolites considered as common biomarkers of liver failure. Linoleyl carnitine showed significant increase in CLF compared with controls while no significant change was observed in ACLF, it could be special biomarkers of ACLF and CLF.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Metabolomics based on ultra-performance liquid chromatography mass spectrometry provide a new way to diagnose and reveal the pathogenesis of ACLF and CLF.
authors: Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Disease, First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310003, China.
authors: Jiangshan
authors: J
authors: Lian
authors: Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Disease, First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310003, China.
authors: Xiaofen
authors: X
authors: Li
authors: Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Disease, First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310003, China.
authors: Yinyin
authors: Y
authors: Wang
authors: Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Disease, First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310003, China.
authors: Jianle
authors: J
authors: Yang
authors: Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Disease, First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310003, China.
authors: Wei
authors: W
authors: Liu
authors: Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Disease, First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310003, China.
authors: Jing
authors: J
authors: Ma
authors: Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Disease, First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310003, China.
authors: Deying
authors: D
authors: Chen
authors: Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Disease, First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310003, China.
authors: Lanjuan
authors: L
authors: Li
authors: Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Disease, First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310003, China. Electronic address: hzhuangchina@sina.com.
authors: Jianrong
authors: J
authors: Huang
mesh_terms: D065290:Acute-On-Chronic Liver Failure / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000821:virology*; D000328:Adult; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000378:metabolism; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D002851:Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid / Q000379:methods*; D003710:Demography; D016002:Discriminant Analysis; D058625:End Stage Liver Disease / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000821:virology*; D005260:Female; D006515:Hepatitis B virus / Q000502:physiology*; D006801:Humans; D016018:Least-Squares Analysis; D008297:Male; D013058:Mass Spectrometry / Q000379:methods*; D055442:Metabolome; D008875:Middle Aged; D010363:Pattern Recognition, Automated; D025341:Principal Component Analysis; D011786:Quality Control; D015203:Reproducibility of Results
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers
keywords: Acute-on-chronic liver failure; Chronic liver failure; Metabolomics; Multivariate analysis; Ultra-performance liquid chromatography