title: A randomized controlled trial of subcutaneous closed-suction Blake drains for the prevention of incisional surgical site infection after colorectal surgery.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The effects of subcutaneous closed-suction Blake drain for preventing incisional surgical site infections (SSIs) after colorectal surgery have never been evaluated in a randomized controlled trial (RCT). Thus, we performed a RCT to evaluate the clinical benefits of using a subcutaneous closed-suction Blake drain in patients undergoing colorectal surgery.
  
  
  METHODS
  Consecutive patients who underwent colorectal surgery were enrolled in this study. Patients were randomly assigned to the subcutaneous closed-suction drainage arm or the control (no subcutaneous drainage) arm. The primary endpoint was incidence rate of incisional SSIs. And, we performed logistic regression analysis to detect predictive factors for incisional SSIs after colorectal surgery.
  
  
  RESULTS
  From November 2012 to September 2014, a total of 240 patients were enrolled in this study. One-hundred-seventeen patients who were treated by the control arm and 112 patients by the subcutaneous drainage arm were judged to be eligible for analysis. The incidence of incisional SSIs rate was 8.7 % in the overall patients. The incidence of incisional SSIs rate was 12.8 % in the control arm and 4.5 % in the subcutaneous drainage arm. There was significantly reduction of the incidence in the subcutaneous drainage arm than in the control arm (p = 0.025). Logistic regression analysis demonstrated that thickness of subcutaneous fat >3.0 cm, forced expiratory volume in 1 s as percent of forced vital capacity (FEV1.0 %) >70 %, and subcutaneous drain were independent predictors of postoperative incisional SSIs (p = 0.008, p = 0.004, and p = 0.017, respectively).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The results of our RCT suggest that a subcutaneous Blake drain is beneficial for preventing incisional SSIs in patients undergoing colorectal surgery.
authors: Department of Surgery, Yokosuka Kyosai Hospital, 1-16 Yonegahama street, Yokosuka, 238-8558, Japan. nabe-jun@comet.ocn.ne.jp.
authors: Jun
authors: http://orcid.org/0000-0002-7187-3664
authors: J
authors: Watanabe
authors: Department of Surgery, Gastroenterological Center, Yokohama City University, Yokohama, Japan.
authors: Mitsuyoshi
authors: M
authors: Ota
authors: Department of Surgery, Yokosuka Kyosai Hospital, 1-16 Yonegahama street, Yokosuka, 238-8558, Japan.
authors: Makoto
authors: M
authors: Kawamoto
authors: Department of Surgery, Yokosuka Kyosai Hospital, 1-16 Yonegahama street, Yokosuka, 238-8558, Japan.
authors: Yago
authors: Y
authors: Akikazu
authors: Department of Surgery, Yokosuka Kyosai Hospital, 1-16 Yonegahama street, Yokosuka, 238-8558, Japan.
authors: Yusuke
authors: Y
authors: Suwa
authors: Department of Surgery, Gastroenterological Center, Yokohama City University, Yokohama, Japan.
authors: Hirokazu
authors: H
authors: Suwa
authors: Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama, 236-0004, Japan.
authors: Masashi
authors: M
authors: Momiyama
authors: Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama, 236-0004, Japan.
authors: Atsushi
authors: A
authors: Ishibe
authors: Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama, 236-0004, Japan.
authors: Kazuteru
authors: K
authors: Watanabe
authors: Department of Surgery, Yokosuka Kyosai Hospital, 1-16 Yonegahama street, Yokosuka, 238-8558, Japan.
authors: Hidenobu
authors: H
authors: Masui
authors: Department of Surgery, Yokosuka Kyosai Hospital, 1-16 Yonegahama street, Yokosuka, 238-8558, Japan.
authors: Kaoru
authors: K
authors: Nagahori
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D003107:Colorectal Surgery / Q000009:adverse effects*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D015994:Incidence; D008297:Male; D011379:Prognosis; D040521:Subcutaneous Tissue / Q000473:pathology*; D013396:Suction; D013530:Surgical Wound Infection / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000209:etiology* / Q000517:prevention & control*; D016896:Treatment Outcome
keywords: Closed-suction drain; Colorectal cancer; Risk factor; Subcutaneous drain; Surgical site infection