title: Environmental and Ecological Risk Assessment of Trace Metal Contamination in Mangrove Ecosystems: A Case from Zhangjiangkou Mangrove National Nature Reserve, China.
abstract: Zhangjiangkou Mangrove National Nature Reserve is a subtropical wetland ecosystem in southeast coast of China, which is of dense population and rapid development. The concentrations, sources, and pollution assessment of trace metals (Cu, Cd, Pb, Cr, Zn, As, and Hg) in surface sediment from 29 sites and the biota specimen were investigated for better ecological risk assessment and environmental management. The ranges of trace metals in mg/kg sediment were as follows: Cu (10.79-26.66), Cd (0.03-0.19), Pb (36.71-59.86), Cr (9.67-134.51), Zn (119.69-157.84), As (15.65-31.60), and Hg (0.00-0.08). The sequences of the bioaccumulation of studied metals are Zn > Cu > As > Cr > Pb > Cd > Hg with few exceptions. Cluster analysis and principal component analysis revealed that the trace metals in the studied area mainly derived from anthropogenic activities, such as industrial effluents, agricultural waste, and domestic sewage. Pollution load index and geoaccumulation index were calculated for trace metals in surface sediments, which indicated unpolluted status in general except Pb, Cr, and As.
authors: Coastal and Ocean Management Institute, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China; Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory for Coastal Ecology and Environmental Studies, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China; College of Ocean and Earth Science, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China.
authors: Jun
authors: J
authors: Wang
authors: College of Ocean and Earth Science, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China; Xiamen Environmental Protection Bureau, Xiamen 361004, China.
authors: Huihong
authors: H
authors: Du
authors: College of Ocean and Earth Science, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China.
authors: Ye
authors: Y
authors: Xu
authors: Coastal and Ocean Management Institute, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China.
authors: Kai
authors: K
authors: Chen
authors: College of Ocean and Earth Science, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China.
authors: Junhua
authors: J
authors: Liang
authors: College of Ocean and Earth Science, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China.
authors: Hongwei
authors: H
authors: Ke
authors: College of Ocean Science and Resources, National Taiwan Ocean University, Keelung 202, Taiwan.
authors: Sha-Yen
authors: SY
authors: Cheng
authors: College of Ocean and Earth Science, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China.
authors: Mengyang
authors: M
authors: Liu
authors: College of Ocean and Earth Science, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China.
authors: Hengxiang
authors: H
authors: Deng
authors: College of Ocean and Earth Science, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China.
authors: Tong
authors: T
authors: He
authors: Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory for Coastal Ecology and Environmental Studies, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China; College of Environment and Ecology, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China.
authors: Wenqing
authors: W
authors: Wang
authors: Coastal and Ocean Management Institute, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China; Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory for Coastal Ecology and Environmental Studies, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China; College of Ocean and Earth Science, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China; State Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China.
authors: Minggang
authors: 0000-0003-2828-0529
authors: M
authors: Cai
mesh_terms: D000383:Agriculture; D001151:Arsenic / Q000032:analysis; D032407:Avicennia; D002104:Cadmium / Q000032:analysis; D002681:China; D002857:Chromium / Q000032:analysis; D016000:Cluster Analysis; D003247:Conservation of Natural Resources; D003300:Copper / Q000032:analysis; D004463:Ecology / Q000379:methods*; D017753:Ecosystem; D004785:Environmental Pollutants / Q000737:chemistry*; D007220:Industrial Waste; D007854:Lead / Q000032:analysis; D008628:Mercury / Q000032:analysis; D008670:Metals / Q000737:chemistry*; D025341:Principal Component Analysis; D011786:Quality Control; D018570:Risk Assessment / Q000379:methods*; D012722:Sewage; D013696:Temperature; D014131:Trace Elements / Q000737:chemistry; D015032:Zinc / Q000032:analysis
chemical_list: D004785:Environmental Pollutants; D007220:Industrial Waste; D008670:Metals; D012722:Sewage; D014131:Trace Elements; D002104:Cadmium; D002857:Chromium; D007854:Lead; D003300:Copper; D008628:Mercury; D015032:Zinc; D001151:Arsenic