title: Moderate hypothermia and its effects in reducing the applied dose of anesthetics for patients with opium dependence in cardiac surgery: A randomized controlled trial.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  An increasing number of patients addicted to opium are experiencing awareness during coronary artery bypass surgery (CABG) as a result of tolerance to anesthetics.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  This research was primarily intended to determine the potential diminishing effects of moderate hypothermia on anesthetic dosage and recall of anesthesia during the procedure.
  
  
  METHODS
  In this double-blind randomized controlled trial, a total of 80 CABG candidates with known addiction to opium were divided into two groups: one normothermic (N) and the other moderately hypothermic (H), both undergoing induction as well as close monitoring from September 2014 to January 2016. The candidates were initially set for a target bispectral index (BIS) score of between 40 and 60. As the score rose to 60, an additional dose of propofol was administered, alongside rise in blood pressure and tear-shedding. To enhance the accuracy of our evaluation of anesthetic depth, we also used two questionnaires to test candidates' recall filled with the assistance of a colleague 24 hours following surgery. Independent-samples t-test and chi-square test were used by SPSS v 18 for data analysis.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Eighty patients were studied in two groups of normothermic (N) (n = 40) and hypothermic (H) (n = 40). Given similar demographic data as well as the duration of surgery, we arrived at a propofol dose of 122.52±13.11 cc for normothermic patients and 101.28±14.06 cc for hypothermic subjects (p=0.001). As for fentanyl, the total required sum came up to 39.60±21.04 cc and 31.72±5.81 cc for the above-mentioned groups in order (p=0.025). Moreover, the post-operative interview showed that there was no report of a patient with memory recall following surgery.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Moderate hypothermia can substantially reduce the need for anesthetics in patients with addiction to opium when undergoing CABG surgery.
  
  
  BACKGROUND
  This study is registered in Iranian Registry of Clinical Trials with registration number of IRCT2014050513159N5.
  
  
  BACKGROUND
  This research was supported financially by the Research Council of Mashhad University of Medical Sciences (grant number 920405).
authors: M.D., Associate Professor, Department of Anaesthesiology, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Iran.
authors: Reza Jalaian
authors: RJ
authors: Taghadomi
authors: M.D., Assistant Professor, Department of Anaesthesiology, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Iran.
authors: Ebrahim
authors: E
authors: Golmakani
authors: M.D., Assistant Professor, Department of Cardiac Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Iran.
authors: Kambiz
authors: K
authors: Alizadeh
authors: M.D., Associate Professor, Department of Cardiac Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Iran.
authors: Behrooz
authors: B
authors: Mottahedi
authors: M.D., Anesthesiologist, Department of Anaesthesiology, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Iran.
authors: Ali
authors: A
authors: Rahdari
authors: M.D., Fellowship of Anesthesia in Cardiac Surgery, Assistant Professor, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
authors: Shima
authors: S
authors: Sheybani
keywords: Anesthetic depth; Coronary artery bypass; Moderate hypothermia; Normothermia; Opium addiction