title: Outcome of intracytoplasmic sperm injection using fresh and cryopreserved-thawed testıcular spermatozoa in 83 azoospermic men with Klinefelter syndrome.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To report the outcome of intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI) cycles using fresh or cryopreserved-thawed testicular spermatozoa of men with Klinefelter syndrome (KS).
  
  
  METHODS
  Medical records of 83 azoospermic men with KS who underwent testicular sperm extraction (TESE) were reviewed. The clinical parameters for predicting sperm retrieval and fertilization, implantation, pregnancy and live birth rates of ICSI cycles in these patients were evaluated.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A total of 88 TESE procedures were performed with sperm retrieval rates of 39.8% per cycle (35/88) and 42.1% per patient (35/83). None of the studied clinical parameters were found to be informative in predicting successful sperm recovery. A total of 41 embryo transfer cycles were carried out using fresh testicular spermatozoa in 30, cryopreserved-thawed spermatozoa in 10 and cryopreserved-thawed embryo replacement in one. The fertilization and clinical pregnancy rates were comparable at 52.7% and 51.6% with fresh and 48.3% and 60% with cryopreserved-thawed testicular spermatozoa groups, respectively. Twenty-two clinical pregnancies were obtained, including 14 singletons, five twins, two triplets and one quadruplet and ended with the delivery of 13 singletons and six twins. In total, out of 25 delivered fetuses, four died (3 female, 1 male) following delivery and 21 newborns (14 female, 7 male) were healthy with a female to male ratio of 2:1. Conclusions We concluded that no clinical or laboratory parameter predicts the presence of spermatozoa in patients with KS, except the TESE procedure itself. The use of fresh or cryopreserved-thawed spermatozoa on ICSI cycle outcomes are equally successful in patients with KS.
authors: Ankara Private IVF Center, Ankara, Turkey. kubilayvicdan@yahoo.com.
authors: Kubilay
authors: K
authors: Vicdan
authors: Ankara Private IVF Center, Ankara, Turkey.
authors: Cem
authors: C
authors: Akarsu
authors: Ankara Private IVF Center, Ankara, Turkey.
authors: Eran
authors: E
authors: Sözen
authors: Ankara Private IVF Center, Ankara, Turkey.
authors: Burcu
authors: B
authors: Buluç
authors: Department of Genetics, Ankara University Medical School, Ankara, Turkey.
authors: Arzu
authors: A
authors: Vicdan
authors: Ankara Private IVF Center, Ankara, Turkey.
authors: Yıldırım
authors: Y
authors: Yılmaz
authors: Department of Obcstetric and Gynecology, Gazi University Medical School, Ankara, Turkey.
authors: Kutay
authors: K
authors: Biberoğlu
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D053713:Azoospermia / Q000150:complications / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000628:therapy*; D015925:Cryopreservation; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007713:Klinefelter Syndrome / Q000150:complications* / Q000503:physiopathology; D008297:Male; D011247:Pregnancy; D018873:Pregnancy Rate; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012744:Sex Ratio; D020554:Sperm Injections, Intracytoplasmic; D053625:Sperm Retrieval; D013094:Spermatozoa / Q000502:physiology*; D016896:Treatment Outcome
keywords: Klinefelter syndrome; azoospermia; cryopreservation; intracytoplasmic sperm injection; testicular sperm extraction