title: Examining the relationship between physical illness and depression: Is there a difference between inflammatory and non inflammatory diseases? A cohort study.
abstract: There is evidence that inflammation may play a role in the association between physical illness and depression. Our aim was to compare the impact of chronic medical conditions on incidence of depression and to examine if risk of depression varies in terms of the presence and degree of inflammation.
  
  
  
  This is a secondary analysis conducted within the Spanish sample of the predictD-study.
  
  
  
  5437.
  
  
  
  Incident major depression measured with the Composite International Diagnostic Interview.
  
  
  
  Presence of chronic medical conditions recorded by GPs using the International Classification of Primary Care, ICPC-2. All analyses were conducted using multivariable logistic regression to allow adjustment for confounders.
  
  
  
  The odds of depression are higher in almost all inflammatory than in non-inflammatory illnesses. There is an increasing risk of depression as a consequence of an increasing inflammatory load, with higher odds of depression in the autoimmune group than in the cardio-metabolic group, while both had higher odds of depression than the non-inflammatory groups.
  
  
  
  Inflammation may be part of the pathway by which chronic physical illness leads to depression. Future studies should examine the role of inflammation in the prevention and management of depression.
authors: Departamento de Psiquiatría, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Diagonal Paraguay 362, 5° Piso, Santiago Centro, Santiago, 8330077, Chile. Electronic address: cmcaneo@uc.cl.
authors: Constanza
authors: C
authors: Caneo
authors: Department of Primary Care and Population Health, University College London, Rowland Hill Street, London NW3 2PF, UK.
authors: Louise
authors: L
authors: Marston
authors: El Palo Health Centre, Primary Care District Málaga-Guadalhorce, Department of Preventive Medicine and Psychiatry, University of Málaga and Biomedical Research Institute of Málaga, Spain.
authors: Juan Ángel
authors: JÁ
authors: Bellón
authors: Primary Care Psychiatry, Division of Psychiatry (Faculty of Brain Sciences), University College London, 6th Floor, Maple House, 149 Tottenham Court Road, London W1T 7NF, UK.
authors: Michael
authors: M
authors: King
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D002908:Chronic Disease / Q000453:epidemiology*; D015331:Cohort Studies; D015897:Comorbidity; D003865:Major Depressive Disorder / Q000453:epidemiology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007249:Inflammation / Q000453:epidemiology*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D055815:Young Adult
keywords: Chronic medical illnesses; Cohort study; Depression; Inflammation; Inflammatory disorders; Major depressive disorder