title: An RCT Evaluating the Effects of Skills Training and Medication Type on Work Outcomes Among Patients With Schizophrenia.
abstract: Although supported employment increases job acquisition for people with serious mental illness, data on participants' job tenure have been variable. This study evaluated the effects of a standardized work skills training program (the Workplace Fundamentals Module [WPFM]) on job tenure and other work outcomes among individuals receiving individual placement and support (IPS). The effects of two atypical antipsychotic medications on side effects were also tested. The primary hypothesis tested was that participants in IPS plus WPFM would have increased job tenure compared with those enrolled in IPS only, and the secondary hypothesis was that different antipsychotic medications would yield unique side effects.
  
  
  
  A 2×2 randomized controlled trial compared work outcomes, including job tenure, of participants receiving IPS with or without WPFM for up to two years after obtaining a job. Participants were also randomly assigned to olanzapine or risperidone. Measures of work outcomes, clinical status, and medication side effects were collected.
  
  
  
  Among 107 participants, 63% obtained at least one job. WPFM did not increase job tenure (51.53 and 41.37 total weeks worked for IPS only and IPS plus WPFM, respectively) or affect other work outcomes. Participants on olanzapine experienced increased body mass index, whereas those on risperidone lost weight, but medications did not differentially affect clinical or job outcomes.
  
  
  
  Clinic-based skills training did not improve work outcomes accruing from IPS. Risperidone, compared with olanzapine, may reduce body mass but has no differential effect on other work or clinical outcomes.
authors: Dr. Glynn and Dr. Marder are with the U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs (VA) Greater Los Angeles Healthcare System, Los Angeles, and the Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA) (e-mail: sglynn@ucla.edu ). Dr. Noordsy is with the Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California. Mr. O'Keefe is a graduate student at Southern New Hampshire University, Manchester. Ms. Becker and Dr. Drake are with the Rockville Institute, Westat, Lebanon, New Hampshire. Dr. Sugar is with the Department of Biostatistics, Fielding School of Public Health, and with the Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, David Geffen School of Medicine, UCLA. Dr. Noordsy, Mr. O'Keefe, Ms. Becker, and Dr. Drake were with the Department of Psychiatry, and Ms. Becker and Dr. Drake were also with the Department of Community and Family Medicine, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth University, Hanover, at the time of this research.
authors: Shirley M
authors: SM
authors: Glynn
authors: Dr. Glynn and Dr. Marder are with the U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs (VA) Greater Los Angeles Healthcare System, Los Angeles, and the Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA) (e-mail: sglynn@ucla.edu ). Dr. Noordsy is with the Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California. Mr. O'Keefe is a graduate student at Southern New Hampshire University, Manchester. Ms. Becker and Dr. Drake are with the Rockville Institute, Westat, Lebanon, New Hampshire. Dr. Sugar is with the Department of Biostatistics, Fielding School of Public Health, and with the Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, David Geffen School of Medicine, UCLA. Dr. Noordsy, Mr. O'Keefe, Ms. Becker, and Dr. Drake were with the Department of Psychiatry, and Ms. Becker and Dr. Drake were also with the Department of Community and Family Medicine, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth University, Hanover, at the time of this research.
authors: Stephen R
authors: SR
authors: Marder
authors: Dr. Glynn and Dr. Marder are with the U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs (VA) Greater Los Angeles Healthcare System, Los Angeles, and the Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA) (e-mail: sglynn@ucla.edu ). Dr. Noordsy is with the Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California. Mr. O'Keefe is a graduate student at Southern New Hampshire University, Manchester. Ms. Becker and Dr. Drake are with the Rockville Institute, Westat, Lebanon, New Hampshire. Dr. Sugar is with the Department of Biostatistics, Fielding School of Public Health, and with the Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, David Geffen School of Medicine, UCLA. Dr. Noordsy, Mr. O'Keefe, Ms. Becker, and Dr. Drake were with the Department of Psychiatry, and Ms. Becker and Dr. Drake were also with the Department of Community and Family Medicine, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth University, Hanover, at the time of this research.
authors: Douglas L
authors: DL
authors: Noordsy
authors: Dr. Glynn and Dr. Marder are with the U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs (VA) Greater Los Angeles Healthcare System, Los Angeles, and the Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA) (e-mail: sglynn@ucla.edu ). Dr. Noordsy is with the Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California. Mr. O'Keefe is a graduate student at Southern New Hampshire University, Manchester. Ms. Becker and Dr. Drake are with the Rockville Institute, Westat, Lebanon, New Hampshire. Dr. Sugar is with the Department of Biostatistics, Fielding School of Public Health, and with the Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, David Geffen School of Medicine, UCLA. Dr. Noordsy, Mr. O'Keefe, Ms. Becker, and Dr. Drake were with the Department of Psychiatry, and Ms. Becker and Dr. Drake were also with the Department of Community and Family Medicine, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth University, Hanover, at the time of this research.
authors: Christopher
authors: C
authors: O'Keefe
authors: Dr. Glynn and Dr. Marder are with the U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs (VA) Greater Los Angeles Healthcare System, Los Angeles, and the Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA) (e-mail: sglynn@ucla.edu ). Dr. Noordsy is with the Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California. Mr. O'Keefe is a graduate student at Southern New Hampshire University, Manchester. Ms. Becker and Dr. Drake are with the Rockville Institute, Westat, Lebanon, New Hampshire. Dr. Sugar is with the Department of Biostatistics, Fielding School of Public Health, and with the Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, David Geffen School of Medicine, UCLA. Dr. Noordsy, Mr. O'Keefe, Ms. Becker, and Dr. Drake were with the Department of Psychiatry, and Ms. Becker and Dr. Drake were also with the Department of Community and Family Medicine, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth University, Hanover, at the time of this research.
authors: Deborah R
authors: DR
authors: Becker
authors: Dr. Glynn and Dr. Marder are with the U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs (VA) Greater Los Angeles Healthcare System, Los Angeles, and the Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA) (e-mail: sglynn@ucla.edu ). Dr. Noordsy is with the Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California. Mr. O'Keefe is a graduate student at Southern New Hampshire University, Manchester. Ms. Becker and Dr. Drake are with the Rockville Institute, Westat, Lebanon, New Hampshire. Dr. Sugar is with the Department of Biostatistics, Fielding School of Public Health, and with the Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, David Geffen School of Medicine, UCLA. Dr. Noordsy, Mr. O'Keefe, Ms. Becker, and Dr. Drake were with the Department of Psychiatry, and Ms. Becker and Dr. Drake were also with the Department of Community and Family Medicine, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth University, Hanover, at the time of this research.
authors: Robert E
authors: RE
authors: Drake
authors: Dr. Glynn and Dr. Marder are with the U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs (VA) Greater Los Angeles Healthcare System, Los Angeles, and the Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA) (e-mail: sglynn@ucla.edu ). Dr. Noordsy is with the Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California. Mr. O'Keefe is a graduate student at Southern New Hampshire University, Manchester. Ms. Becker and Dr. Drake are with the Rockville Institute, Westat, Lebanon, New Hampshire. Dr. Sugar is with the Department of Biostatistics, Fielding School of Public Health, and with the Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, David Geffen School of Medicine, UCLA. Dr. Noordsy, Mr. O'Keefe, Ms. Becker, and Dr. Drake were with the Department of Psychiatry, and Ms. Becker and Dr. Drake were also with the Department of Community and Family Medicine, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth University, Hanover, at the time of this research.
authors: Catherine A
authors: CA
authors: Sugar
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D014150:Antipsychotic Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000494:pharmacology*; D001521:Behavior Therapy / Q000379:methods*; D001569:Benzodiazepines / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000494:pharmacology*; D016832:Employment, Supported / Q000379:methods*; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D000077152:Olanzapine; D017063:Outcome Assessment, Health Care; D011361:Professional Competence; D018967:Risperidone / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000494:pharmacology*; D012559:Schizophrenia / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000534:rehabilitation*
chemical_list: D014150:Antipsychotic Agents; D001569:Benzodiazepines; D018967:Risperidone; D000077152:Olanzapine
keywords: Schizophrenia, Drugs &amp; psychotherapy, Outcome studies, Work-related disabilities