title: Trends in childhood leukemia incidence over two decades from 1992 to 2013.
abstract: Incidence rates of childhood leukemia in the United States have steadily increased over the last several decades, but only recently have disparities in the increase in incidence been recognized. In the current analysis, Surveillance, Epidemiology and End Results (SEER) data were used to evaluate recent trends in the incidence of childhood leukemia diagnosed at age 0-19 years from 1992 to 2013, overall and by age, race/ethnicity, gender and histologic subtype. Hispanic White children were more likely than non-Hispanic White, non-Hispanic Black or non-Hispanic Asian children to be diagnosed with acute lymphocytic leukemia (ALL) from 2009 to 2013. From 1992 to 2013, a significant increase in ALL incidence was observed for Hispanic White children [annual percent change (APC)Hispanic= 1.08, 95% CI: 0.59, 1.58]; no significant increase was observed for non-Hispanic White, Black or Asian children. ALL incidence increased by about 3% per year from 1992 to 2013 for Hispanic White children diagnosed from 15 to 19 years (APC = 2.67; 95% CI: 0.88, 4.49) and by 2% for those 10-14 years (APC = 2.09; 95% CI: 0.57, 3.63), while no significant increases in incidence were observed in non-Hispanic White, Black, or Asian children of the same age. Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) incidence increased among non-Hispanic White children under 1 year at diagnosis, and among Hispanic White children diagnosed at age 1-4. The increase in incidence rates of childhood ALL appears to be driven by rising rates in older Hispanic children (10-14, and 15-19 years). Future studies are needed to evaluate reasons for the increase in ALL among older Hispanic children.
authors: Department of Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA.
authors: Jessica L
authors: JL
authors: Barrington-Trimis
authors: Department of Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA.
authors: Myles
authors: M
authors: Cockburn
authors: School of Public Health, University of California Berkeley (UCB), Berkeley, CA.
authors: Catherine
authors: C
authors: Metayer
authors: Department of Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA.
authors: W James
authors: WJ
authors: Gauderman
authors: Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of California San Francisco (UCSF), San Francisco, CA.
authors: Joseph
authors: J
authors: Wiemels
authors: Department of Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA.
authors: Roberta
authors: R
authors: McKean-Cowdin
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D017677:Age Distribution; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D005006:Ethnicity / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D015994:Incidence; D007223:Infant; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D008297:Male; D009017:Morbidity / Q000639:trends; D054198:Precursor Cell Lymphoblastic Leukemia-Lymphoma / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000208:ethnology; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D018426:SEER Program; D014481:United States / Q000453:epidemiology; D055815:Young Adult
keywords: SEER; childhood leukemia; incidence; trends