title: Allelic diversity in an NLR geneBPH9enables rice to combat planthopper variation.
abstract: Brown planthopper (BPH),Nilaparvata lugensStål, is one of the most devastating insect pests of rice (Oryza sativaL.). Currently, 30 BPH-resistance genes have been genetically defined, most of which are clustered on specific chromosome regions. Here, we describe molecular cloning and characterization of a BPH-resistance gene,BPH9, mapped on the long arm of rice chromosome 12 (12L).BPH9encodes a rare type of nucleotide-binding and leucine-rich repeat (NLR)-containing protein that localizes to the endomembrane system and causes a cell death phenotype. BPH9 activates salicylic acid- and jasmonic acid-signaling pathways in rice plants and confers both antixenosis and antibiosis to BPH. We further demonstrated that the eight BPH-resistance genes that are clustered on chromosome 12L, including the widely usedBPH1, are allelic with each other. To honor the priority in the literature, we thus designated this locus asBPH1/9These eight genes can be classified into four allelotypes,BPH1/9-1,-2,-7, and-9These allelotypes confer varying levels of resistance to different biotypes of BPH. The coding region ofBPH1/9shows a high level of diversity in rice germplasm. Homologous fragments of the nucleotide-binding (NB) and leucine-rich repeat (LRR) domains exist, which might have served as a repository for generating allele diversity. Our findings reveal a rice plant strategy for modifying the genetic information to gain the upper hand in the struggle against insect herbivores. Further exploration of natural allelic variation and artificial shuffling within this gene may allow breeding to be tailored to control emerging biotypes of BPH.
authors: National Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China.
authors: Yan
authors: Y
authors: Zhao
authors: National Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China.
authors: Jin
authors: J
authors: Huang
authors: National Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China.
authors: Zhizheng
authors: Z
authors: Wang
authors: National Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China.
authors: Shengli
authors: S
authors: Jing
authors: National Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China.
authors: Yang
authors: Y
authors: Wang
authors: National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China.
authors: Yidan
authors: Y
authors: Ouyang
authors: Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Biology and Medicine (Ministry of Education), College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China.
authors: Baodong
authors: B
authors: Cai
authors: Department of Energy Plant Research Laboratory, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824.
authors: Xiu-Fang
authors: XF
authors: Xin
authors: Beijing Genomics Institute, Shenzhen 518083, China.
authors: Xin
authors: X
authors: Liu
authors: National Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China.
authors: Chunxiao
authors: C
authors: Zhang
authors: National Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China.
authors: Yufang
authors: Y
authors: Pan
authors: National Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China.
authors: Rui
authors: R
authors: Ma
authors: National Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China.
authors: Qiaofeng
authors: Q
authors: Li
authors: National Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China.
authors: Weihua
authors: W
authors: Jiang
authors: National Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China.
authors: Ya
authors: Y
authors: Zeng
authors: National Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China.
authors: Xinxin
authors: X
authors: Shangguan
authors: National Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China.
authors: Huiying
authors: H
authors: Wang
authors: National Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China.
authors: Bo
authors: B
authors: Du
authors: National Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China.
authors: Lili
authors: L
authors: Zhu
authors: Beijing Genomics Institute, Shenzhen 518083, China.
authors: Xun
authors: X
authors: Xu
authors: Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Biology and Medicine (Ministry of Education), College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China.
authors: Yu-Qi
authors: YQ
authors: Feng
authors: Department of Energy Plant Research Laboratory, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824.|Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824.
authors: Sheng Yang
authors: SY
authors: He
authors: National Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China; qifazh@mail.hzau.edu.cn rzchen@whu.edu.cn gche@whu.edu.cn.
authors: Rongzhi
authors: R
authors: Chen
authors: National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; qifazh@mail.hzau.edu.cn rzchen@whu.edu.cn gche@whu.edu.cn.
authors: Qifa
authors: Q
authors: Zhang
authors: National Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China; qifazh@mail.hzau.edu.cn rzchen@whu.edu.cn gche@whu.edu.cn.
authors: Guangcun
authors: G
authors: He
keywords: CNL protein; allelotype; brown planthopper; evolution; plant–insect interaction