title: Conditioned medium of olfactory ensheathing cells promotes the functional recovery and axonal regeneration after contusive spinal cord injury.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To investigate the effectiveness and the potential role of olfactory ensheathing cell conditioned medium (OEC-M) to treat contusive spinal cord injury (SCI).
  
  
  METHODS
  The contusive SCI model was established by NYU weight-drop impactor at T10 segment. Male Sprague-Dawley rats received intraperitoneal injection of control medium (Con-M, n=18), low dose OEC-M (n=18) and high dose OEC-M (n=18). Immunofluorescence was performed to identify the purity of cultured OECs. BBB score was used to assess the functional recovery. BDNF concentrations of OEC-M, Con-M and rats plasma samples were determined by ELISA. Conventional MRI and diffusion tensor tractography (DTT) were applied to visualize the repair process of SCI. Diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) and immunohistochemistry of NF200 were carried out to evaluate the axonal regeneration.
  
  
  RESULTS
  After the systemic delivery of treatment, BBB scores and BDNF levels in peripheral blood were significantly higher in OEC-M treated groups than in Con-M group. MRI and DTT demonstrated a better radiological recovery after SCI in OEC-M treated groups and higher dose of OEC-M were accompanied with better outcomes. DTI and NF200 staining revealed the OEC-M treatment promoted axonal regeneration around the injury epicenter but no axonal regeneration was observed at the lesion site.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The results indicate that the OEC-M treatment improves the functional recovery and promotes the axonal regeneration around the injury epicenter after contusive SCI. This strategy represents a novel cell-free OEC based therapy to effectively treat SCI.
authors: Department of Orthopaedics, Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province 710004, China.
authors: Mengchao
authors: M
authors: Gu
authors: Department of Orthopaedics, Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province 710004, China.
authors: Zhengchao
authors: Z
authors: Gao
authors: Department of Radiology, Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province 710004, China.
authors: Xiaohui
authors: X
authors: Li
authors: Department of Orthopaedics, Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province 710004, China.
authors: Lei
authors: L
authors: Guo
authors: Department of Orthopaedics, Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province 710004, China.
authors: Teng
authors: T
authors: Lu
authors: Department of Orthopaedics, Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province 710004, China.
authors: Yuhuan
authors: Y
authors: Li
authors: Department of Orthopaedics, Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province 710004, China. Electronic address: xijing_h@vip.tom.com.
authors: Xijing
authors: X
authors: He
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001369:Axons / Q000473:pathology / Q000502:physiology; D001812:Blood-Brain Barrier / Q000378:metabolism; D019208:Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor / Q000097:blood; D002199:Capillary Permeability / Q000502:physiology; D018929:Cell Culture Techniques; D064987:Cell- and Tissue-Based Therapy; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D017077:Culture Media, Conditioned; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D008297:Male; D009297:Nasal Mucosa / Q000166:cytology* / Q000378:metabolism; D009416:Nerve Regeneration / Q000502:physiology; D009457:Neuroglia / Q000166:cytology* / Q000378:metabolism; D009830:Olfactory Bulb / Q000166:cytology* / Q000378:metabolism; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D020127:Recovery of Function / Q000502:physiology; D013116:Spinal Cord / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000473:pathology / Q000503:physiopathology; D013119:Spinal Cord Injuries / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000473:pathology / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000628:therapy*
chemical_list: D019208:Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor; D017077:Culture Media, Conditioned
keywords: Axonal regeneration; Conditioned medium; Diffusion tensor imaging (DTI); Olfactory ensheathing cells (OECs); Spinal cord injury (SCI)