title: Do demographics and tumour-related factors affect nodal yield at neck dissection? A retrospective cohort study.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Nodal metastasis is an important prognostic factor in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma. This study aimed to determine the average nodal basin yield per level of neck dissection, and to investigate if age, gender, body mass index, tumour size, depth of tumour invasion and p16 status influence nodal yield.
  
  
  METHODS
  A retrospective review of 185 patients with head and neck squamous cell carcinoma generated 240 neck dissection specimens.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The respective mean nodal yields for levels I, II, III, IV and V were 5.27, 9.43, 8.49, 7.43 and 9.02 in non-cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma patients, and 4.2, 7.57, 9.65, 4.33 and 12.29 in cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma patients. Multiple regression analysis revealed that p16-positive patients with mucosal squamous cell carcinoma yielded, on average, 2.4 more nodes than their p16-negative peers (p = 0.04, 95 per cent confidence interval = 0.116 to 4.693). This figure was 3.84 (p = 0.008, 95 per cent confidence interval = 1.070 to 6.605) for p16-positive patients with oral cavity squamous cell carcinoma.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In mucosal squamous cell carcinoma, p16-positive status significantly influenced nodal yield, with the impact being more pronounced in oral cavity squamous cell carcinoma patients.
authors: Department of Otolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery,Monash Health,Melbourne,Australia.
authors: R S
authors: RS
authors: Lim
authors: Department of Otolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery,Monash Health,Melbourne,Australia.
authors: L
authors: L
authors: Evans
authors: Department of Otolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery,Monash Health,Melbourne,Australia.
authors: A P
authors: AP
authors: George
authors: Department of Otolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery,Monash Health,Melbourne,Australia.
authors: N
authors: N
authors: de Alwis
authors: Department of Otolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery,Monash Health,Melbourne,Australia.
authors: P
authors: P
authors: Stimpson
authors: Department of Otolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery,Monash Health,Melbourne,Australia.
authors: S
authors: S
authors: Merriel
authors: Department of Otolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery,Monash Health,Melbourne,Australia.
authors: C E B
authors: CE
authors: Giddings
authors: School of Public Health,Monash University,Victoria,Australia.
authors: B
authors: B
authors: Billah
authors: Department of Otolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery,Monash Health,Melbourne,Australia.
authors: J A
authors: JA
authors: Smith
authors: Department of Otolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery,Monash Health,Melbourne,Australia.
authors: A
authors: A
authors: Safdar
authors: Department of Otolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery,Monash Health,Melbourne,Australia.
authors: E
authors: E
authors: Sigston
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000367:Age Factors; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D015992:Body Mass Index; D002294:Carcinoma, Squamous Cell / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology* / Q000601:surgery; D015331:Cohort Studies; D019941:Cyclin-Dependent Kinase Inhibitor p16 / Q000378:metabolism; D005260:Female; D006258:Head and Neck Neoplasms / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology* / Q000601:surgery; D006801:Humans; D007012:Hypopharyngeal Neoplasms / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology* / Q000601:surgery; D007822:Laryngeal Neoplasms / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology* / Q000601:surgery; D008198:Lymph Nodes / Q000473:pathology*; D008207:Lymphatic Metastasis; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009062:Mouth Neoplasms / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology* / Q000601:surgery; D015999:Multivariate Analysis; D009333:Neck; D037981:Neck Dissection; D009361:Neoplasm Invasiveness; D009367:Neoplasm Staging; D012044:Regression Analysis; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012737:Sex Factors; D012878:Skin Neoplasms / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology* / Q000601:surgery; D000077195:Squamous Cell Carcinoma of Head and Neck; D047368:Tumor Burden
chemical_list: C000614131:CDKN2A protein, human; D019941:Cyclin-Dependent Kinase Inhibitor p16
keywords:  Human; Age Of Onset; Body Mass Index; Gender; Neck Dissection; P16 Protein; Squamous Cell Carcinoma