title: Effect of crosslinking functionality on microstructure, mechanical properties, and in vitro cytocompatibility of cellulose nanocrystals reinforced poly (vinyl alcohol)/sodium alginate hybrid scaffolds.
abstract: Cellulose nanocrystals reinforced poly (vinyl alcohol)/sodium alginate hybrid scaffolds were fabricated by using freeze casting and freeze drying method. In this study, the effect of crosslinking agents such as calcium chloride, orthophosphoric acid, and borax on morphological, structural, thermal, mechanical, and cytocompatibility (cell adhesion and proliferation) properties was investigated. The results showed that the change in type of crosslinking agent significantly changed the properties of the hybrid scaffolds. Based on this study, borax-crosslinked hybrid scaffold showed good fibrous porous structure with high porosity (95.2%), highest water uptake capacity, good thermal stability, mechanical stability (storage modulus), and in vitro cell adhesion and proliferation with fibroblast (NIH3T3) cells. This primarily research study explores the way for further use of this crosslinking agent to design and fabricate scaffolds for tissue engineering applications.
authors: School of Chemical Engineering, Yeungnam University, 280 Daehak-Ro, Gyeongsan 712 749, South Korea; Department of Nano, Medical and Polymer Materials, College of Engineering, Yeungnam University, 280 Daehak-Ro, Gyeongsan 712 749, South Korea.
authors: Anuj
authors: A
authors: Kumar
authors: Department of Nano, Medical and Polymer Materials, College of Engineering, Yeungnam University, 280 Daehak-Ro, Gyeongsan 712 749, South Korea.
authors: Yujin
authors: Y
authors: Lee
authors: Department of Nano, Medical and Polymer Materials, College of Engineering, Yeungnam University, 280 Daehak-Ro, Gyeongsan 712 749, South Korea.
authors: Doyeon
authors: D
authors: Kim
authors: School of Chemical Engineering, Yeungnam University, 280 Daehak-Ro, Gyeongsan 712 749, South Korea.
authors: Kummara Madhusudana
authors: KM
authors: Rao
authors: Department of Nano, Medical and Polymer Materials, College of Engineering, Yeungnam University, 280 Daehak-Ro, Gyeongsan 712 749, South Korea.
authors: Jisoo
authors: J
authors: Kim
authors: Department of Nano, Medical and Polymer Materials, College of Engineering, Yeungnam University, 280 Daehak-Ro, Gyeongsan 712 749, South Korea.
authors: Soyoung
authors: S
authors: Park
authors: Department of Nano, Medical and Polymer Materials, College of Engineering, Yeungnam University, 280 Daehak-Ro, Gyeongsan 712 749, South Korea.
authors: Adnan
authors: A
authors: Haider
authors: Korea Dyeing and Finishing Technology Institute (DYETEC) 92, Dalseocheon-ro, Seo-gu, Daegu 703-834, South Korea.
authors: Do Hyun
authors: DH
authors: Lee
authors: School of Chemical Engineering, Yeungnam University, 280 Daehak-Ro, Gyeongsan 712 749, South Korea; Department of Nano, Medical and Polymer Materials, College of Engineering, Yeungnam University, 280 Daehak-Ro, Gyeongsan 712 749, South Korea. Electronic address: sshan3892@gmail.com.
authors: Sung Soo
authors: SS
authors: Han
mesh_terms: D000464:Alginates / Q000737:chemistry*; D000818:Animals; D001672:Biocompatible Materials / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000494:pharmacology; D002448:Cell Adhesion / Q000187:drug effects; D049109:Cell Proliferation / Q000187:drug effects; D002482:Cellulose / Q000737:chemistry*; D005347:Fibroblasts / Q000166:cytology / Q000187:drug effects; D020723:Glucuronic Acid / Q000737:chemistry; D006603:Hexuronic Acids / Q000737:chemistry; D055595:Mechanical Phenomena; D051379:Mice; D041681:NIH 3T3 Cells; D053758:Nanoparticles / Q000737:chemistry*; D011142:Polyvinyl Alcohol / Q000737:chemistry*; D016062:Porosity; D013696:Temperature; D023822:Tissue Engineering; D054457:Tissue Scaffolds / Q000737:chemistry*; D014867:Water / Q000737:chemistry
chemical_list: D000464:Alginates; D001672:Biocompatible Materials; D006603:Hexuronic Acids; D014867:Water; D020723:Glucuronic Acid; D011142:Polyvinyl Alcohol; D002482:Cellulose
keywords: Cellulose nanocrystals; Crosslinking; Freeze drying; Poly (vinyl alcohol); Sodium alginate; Tissue engineering