title: The effects of physicochemical wastewater treatment operations on forward osmosis.
abstract: Raw municipal wastewater from a full-scale wastewater treatment plant was physicochemically pretreated in a large pilot-scale system comprising coagulation, flocculation, microsieve and microfiltration operated in various configurations. The produced microsieve filtrates and microfiltration permeates were then concentrated using forward osmosis (FO). Aquaporin InsideTMFO membranes were used for both the microsieve filtrate and microfiltration permeates, and Hydration Technologies Inc.-thin-film composite membranes for the microfiltration permeate using only NaCl as the draw solution. The FO performance was evaluated in terms of the water flux, water flux decline and solute rejections of biochemical oxygen demand, and total and soluble phosphorus. The obtained results were compared with the results of FO after only mechanical pretreatment. The FO permeates satisfied the Swedish discharge demands for small and medium-sized wastewater treatment plants. The study demonstrates that physicochemical pretreatment can improve the FO water flux by up to 20%. In contrast, the solute rejection decreases significantly compared to the FO-treated wastewater with mechanical pretreatment.
authors: a VA SYD , Malmö , Sweden.|b Sweden Water Research AB , Lund , Sweden.|c Water and Environmental Engineering at the Department of Chemical Engineering , Lund University , Lund , Sweden.
authors: Tobias
authors: http://orcid.org/0000-0001-5233-836X
authors: T
authors: Hey
authors: d Aquaporin A/S , Kongens Lyngby , Denmark.|e Department of Environmental Engineering , Technical University of Denmark , Kongens Lyngby , Denmark.
authors: Niada
authors: N
authors: Bajraktari
authors: d Aquaporin A/S , Kongens Lyngby , Denmark.
authors: Jörg
authors: J
authors: Vogel
authors: d Aquaporin A/S , Kongens Lyngby , Denmark.|e Department of Environmental Engineering , Technical University of Denmark , Kongens Lyngby , Denmark.|f Laboratory for Water Biophysics and Membrane Processes, Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering , University of Maribor , Maribor , Slovenia.
authors: Claus
authors: C
authors: Hélix Nielsen
authors: c Water and Environmental Engineering at the Department of Chemical Engineering , Lund University , Lund , Sweden.
authors: Jes
authors: J
authors: la Cour Jansen
authors: c Water and Environmental Engineering at the Department of Chemical Engineering , Lund University , Lund , Sweden.
authors: Karin
authors: K
authors: Jönsson
mesh_terms: D008567:Membranes, Artificial; D009995:Osmosis; D010758:Phosphorus; D062065:Wastewater; D018508:Water Purification
chemical_list: D008567:Membranes, Artificial; D010758:Phosphorus; D062065:Wastewater
keywords: Forward osmosis; microfiltration; microsieve; non-biological treatment; physicochemical pretreatment; wastewater treatment