title: Immuno-psychiatry: an agenda for clinical practice and innovative research.
abstract: The diagnostic scheme for psychiatric disorders is currently based purely on descriptive nomenclature given that biomarkers subtypes and clearly defined causal mechanisms are lacking for the vast majority of disorders. The emerging field of "immuno-psychiatry" has the potential to widen the exploration of a mechanism-based nosology, possibly leading to the discovery of more effective personalised treatment strategies.
  
  
  
  Disturbances in immuno-inflammatory and related systems have been implicated in the aetiology, pathophysiology, phenomenology and comorbidity of several psychiatric disorders, including major mood disorders and schizophrenia. A fundamental challenge in their clinical management is to identify bio-signatures that might indicate risk, state, trait, prognosis or theragnosis. Here, we provide the rationale for a clinical and research agenda to refine future clinical practice and conceptual views, and to delineate pathways toward innovative treatment discovery.
  
  
  
  The development of bio-signatures will allow clinicians to tailor interventions to the abovementioned biomarker subtypes - a major translational goal for research in this field.
authors: Psychiatry Department, University Paris-Est-Créteil, Mondor hospital, AP-HP, DHU PePSY, Translational Psychiatry laboratory, INSERM U955, Paris, France. marion.leboyer@inserm.fr.|Fondation FondaMental, Creteil, France. marion.leboyer@inserm.fr.|University of Bordeaux, UMR 5297, 33000, Bordeaux, France. marion.leboyer@inserm.fr.
authors: Marion
authors: M
authors: Leboyer
authors: Deakin University, IMPACT Strategic Research Centre (Barwon Health), School of Medicine, Geelong, VIC, Australia.|The Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, Orygen, National Centre of Excellence for Youth Mental Health, Parkville, VIC, Australia.|Department of Psychiatry, University of Melbourne, Royal Melbourne Hospital, Parkville, VIC, Australia.
authors: Michael
authors: M
authors: Berk
authors: Stanley Division of Developmental Neurovirology, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, USA.
authors: Robert H
authors: RH
authors: Yolken
authors: Fondation FondaMental, Creteil, France.|INSERM, U1160, Hôpital Saint Louis, Paris, F75010, France.|Laboratoire Jean Dausset, LabexTransplantex, Hôpital Saint Louis, Paris, F75010, France.
authors: Ryad
authors: R
authors: Tamouza
authors: Departments of Psychiatry, Western Psychiatric Institute and Clinic, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.
authors: David
authors: D
authors: Kupfer
authors: Fondation FondaMental, Creteil, France. laurent.groc@u-bordeaux.fr.|University of Bordeaux, UMR 5297, 33000, Bordeaux, France. laurent.groc@u-bordeaux.fr.|Interdisciplinary Institute for Neuroscience, CNRS UMR 5297, 33077, Bordeaux, France. laurent.groc@u-bordeaux.fr.
authors: Laurent
authors: L
authors: Groc
mesh_terms: D000486:Allergy and Immunology; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000032:analysis*; D006801:Humans; D001523:Mental Disorders / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000276:immunology / Q000523:psychology; D011379:Prognosis; D011570:Psychiatry / Q000379:methods
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers
keywords: Biological pathways; Biomarkers; Immune inflammation; Personalised psychiatry; Translational research