title: Genetic hitchhiking and resistance evolution to transgenic Bt toxins: insights from the African stalk borer Busseola fusca (Noctuidae).
abstract: Since transgenic crops expressing Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) toxins were first released, resistance evolution leading to failure in control of pests populations has been observed in a number of species. Field resistance of the moth Busseola fusca was acknowledged 8 years after Bt maize was introduced in South Africa. Since then, field resistance of this corn borer has been observed at several locations, raising questions about the nature, distribution and dynamics of the resistance trait. Using genetic markers, our study identified four outlier loci clearly associated with resistance. In addition, genetic structure at neutral loci reflected extensive gene flow among populations. A realistically parameterised model suggests that resistance could travel in space at speed of several kilometres a year. Markers at outlier loci delineated a geographic region associated with resistance spread. This was an area of approximately 100 km radius, including the location where resistance was first reported. Controlled crosses corroborated these findings and showed significant differences of progeny survival on Bt plants depending on the origin of the resistant parent. Last, our study suggests diverse resistance mutations, which would explain the widespread occurrence of resistant larvae in Bt fields across the main area of maize production in South Africa.
authors: Unité de Recherche IRD 072, CNRS UPR9034, Laboratoire Évolution, Génome et Spéciation, Gif-sur-Yvette, France - Université Paris-Sud 11, Orsay, France.|Noctuid Stem Borers Biodiversity in Africa Project, Environmental Health Division, International Centre for Insect Physiology and Ecology, Nairobi, Kenya.|Institute of Integrative Biology, Biosciences Building, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK.
authors: P
authors: P
authors: Campagne
authors: Unité de Recherche IRD 072, CNRS UPR9034, Laboratoire Évolution, Génome et Spéciation, Gif-sur-Yvette, France - Université Paris-Sud 11, Orsay, France.
authors: C
authors: C
authors: Capdevielle-Dulac
authors: Unité de Recherche IRD 072, CNRS UPR9034, Laboratoire Évolution, Génome et Spéciation, Gif-sur-Yvette, France - Université Paris-Sud 11, Orsay, France.
authors: R
authors: R
authors: Pasquet
authors: Institute of Integrative Biology, Biosciences Building, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK.
authors: S J
authors: SJ
authors: Cornell
authors: Unit of Environmental Sciences and Management, North-West University, Potchefstroom, South Africa.
authors: M
authors: M
authors: Kruger
authors: Unité de Recherche IRD 072, CNRS UPR9034, Laboratoire Évolution, Génome et Spéciation, Gif-sur-Yvette, France - Université Paris-Sud 11, Orsay, France.
authors: J-F
authors: JF
authors: Silvain
authors: Unité de Recherche IRD 072, CNRS UPR9034, Laboratoire Évolution, Génome et Spéciation, Gif-sur-Yvette, France - Université Paris-Sud 11, Orsay, France.|Noctuid Stem Borers Biodiversity in Africa Project, Environmental Health Division, International Centre for Insect Physiology and Ecology, Nairobi, Kenya.
authors: B
authors: B
authors: LeRü
authors: Unit of Environmental Sciences and Management, North-West University, Potchefstroom, South Africa.
authors: J
authors: J
authors: Van den Berg
mesh_terms: D054458:Amplified Fragment Length Polymorphism Analysis; D000818:Animals; D001413:Bacillus thuringiensis; D018556:Crops, Agricultural; D019143:Evolution, Molecular; D051456:Gene Flow; D005819:Genetic Markers; D005828:Genetics, Population; D008957:Models, Genetic; D009036:Moths / Q000235:genetics*; D009154:Mutation; D010572:Pest Control, Biological; D030821:Plants, Genetically Modified; D013019:South Africa; D003313:Zea mays
chemical_list: D005819:Genetic Markers