title: Validation and calibration of HeadCount, a self-report measure for quantifying heading exposure in soccer players.
abstract: The long-term effects of repetitive head impacts due to heading are an area of increasing concern, and exposure must be accurately measured; however, the validity of self-report of cumulative soccer heading is not known. In order to validate HeadCount, a 2-week recall questionnaire, the number of player-reported headers was compared to the number of headers observed by trained raters for a men's and a women's collegiate soccer teams during an entire season of competitive play using Spearman's correlations and intraclass correlation coefficients (ICCs), and calibrated using a generalized estimating equation. The average Spearman's rho was 0.85 for men and 0.79 for women. The average ICC was 0.75 in men and 0.38 in women. The calibration analysis demonstrated that men tend to report heading accurately while women tend to overestimate. HeadCount is a valid instrument for tracking heading behaviour, but may have to be calibrated in women.
authors: a Gruss Magnetic Resonance Research Center , Albert Einstein College of Medicine , New York , NY , USA.
authors: E
authors: E
authors: Catenaccio
authors: b Biomechanics and Movement Science Interdisciplinary Program , University of Delaware , Newark , DE , USA.
authors: J
authors: J
authors: Caccese
authors: a Gruss Magnetic Resonance Research Center , Albert Einstein College of Medicine , New York , NY , USA.
authors: N
authors: N
authors: Wakschlag
authors: a Gruss Magnetic Resonance Research Center , Albert Einstein College of Medicine , New York , NY , USA.|c Department of Radiology , Albert Einstein College of Medicine , New York , NY , USA.
authors: R
authors: R
authors: Fleysher
authors: a Gruss Magnetic Resonance Research Center , Albert Einstein College of Medicine , New York , NY , USA.|c Department of Radiology , Albert Einstein College of Medicine , New York , NY , USA.
authors: N
authors: N
authors: Kim
authors: d Department of Epidemiology and Population Health , Albert Einstein College of Medicine , New York , NY , USA.
authors: M
authors: M
authors: Kim
authors: e Department of Kinesiology and Applied Physiology , University of Delaware , Newark , DE , USA.
authors: T A
authors: TA
authors: Buckley
authors: f Sutter Health , Sacramento , CA , USA.
authors: W F
authors: WF
authors: Stewart
authors: a Gruss Magnetic Resonance Research Center , Albert Einstein College of Medicine , New York , NY , USA.|d Department of Epidemiology and Population Health , Albert Einstein College of Medicine , New York , NY , USA.|g Department of Neurology , Montefiore Medical Center , New York , NY , USA.|h Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences , Albert Einstein College of Medicine , New York , NY , USA.
authors: R B
authors: RB
authors: Lipton
authors: e Department of Kinesiology and Applied Physiology , University of Delaware , Newark , DE , USA.
authors: T
authors: T
authors: Kaminski
authors: a Gruss Magnetic Resonance Research Center , Albert Einstein College of Medicine , New York , NY , USA.|c Department of Radiology , Albert Einstein College of Medicine , New York , NY , USA.|h Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences , Albert Einstein College of Medicine , New York , NY , USA.|i Department of Radiology , Montefiore Medical Center , New York , NY , USA.|j Dominick P. Purpura Department of Neuroscience , Albert Einstein College of Medicine , New York , NY , USA.
authors: M L
authors: ML
authors: Lipton
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D002138:Calibration; D003163:Competitive Behavior; D006259:Craniocerebral Trauma / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000209:etiology; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D015233:Models, Statistical; D057566:Self Report; D012916:Soccer / Q000293:injuries* / Q000502:physiology / Q000523:psychology; D055815:Young Adult
keywords: Soccer; head injuries; self-report; sex differences