title: Polymalic acid fermentation by Aureobasidium pullulans for malic acid production from soybean hull and soy molasses: Fermentation kinetics and economic analysis.
abstract: Polymalic acid (PMA) production by Aureobasidium pullulans ZX-10 from soybean hull hydrolysate supplemented with corn steep liquor (CSL) gave a malic acid yield of ∼0.4g/g at a productivity of ∼0.5g/L·h. ZX-10 can also ferment soy molasses, converting all carbohydrates including the raffinose family oligosaccharides to PMA, giving a high titer (71.9g/L) and yield (0.69g/g) at a productivity of 0.29g/L·h in fed-batch fermentation under nitrogen limitation. A higher productivity of 0.64g/L·h was obtained in repeated batch fermentation with cell recycle and CSL supplementation. Cost analysis for a 5000 MT plant shows that malic acid can be produced at $1.10/kg from soy molasses, $1.37/kg from corn, and $1.74/kg from soybean hull. At the market price of $1.75/kg, malic acid production from soy molasses via PMA fermentation offers an economically competitive process for industrial production of bio-based malic acid.
authors: William G. Lowrie Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA.
authors: Chi
authors: C
authors: Cheng
authors: William G. Lowrie Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA; Bioprocessing Innovative Company, 4734 Bridle Path Ct., Dublin, OH 43017, USA.
authors: Yipin
authors: Y
authors: Zhou
authors: Bioprocessing Innovative Company, 4734 Bridle Path Ct., Dublin, OH 43017, USA.
authors: Meng
authors: M
authors: Lin
authors: School of Biological and Chemical Engineering, Zhejiang University of Science & Technology, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310023, China.
authors: Peilian
authors: P
authors: Wei
authors: William G. Lowrie Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA. Electronic address: yang.15@osu.edu.
authors: Shang-Tian
authors: ST
authors: Yang
mesh_terms: D001203:Ascomycota / Q000378:metabolism*; D019149:Bioreactors / Q000191:economics; D002241:Carbohydrates / Q000302:isolation & purification; D003362:Cost-Benefit Analysis; D005285:Fermentation; D006868:Hydrolysis; D007700:Kinetics; D008293:Malates / Q000378:metabolism*; D008965:Molasses; D009584:Nitrogen / Q000378:metabolism; D009844:Oligosaccharides / Q000378:metabolism; D011108:Polymers / Q000378:metabolism*; D045730:Soy Foods; D013025:Glycine max / Q000737:chemistry*
chemical_list: D002241:Carbohydrates; D008293:Malates; D009844:Oligosaccharides; D011108:Polymers; C121060:poly(malic acid); C030298:malic acid; D009584:Nitrogen
keywords: Aureobasidium pullulans; Fermentation; Malic acid; Polymalic acid; Soy molasses; Soybean hull