title: Layer-by-layer-coated lyotropic liquid crystalline nanoparticles for active tumor targeting of rapamycin.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  This work spotlights on fabrication of CD44-tropic, layer-by-layer (LbL) coated, liquid crystalline nanoparticles of rapamycin (Rap-LbL-LCNPs) to enhance its water solubility and enable its anticancer use.
  
  
  METHODS
  Rap-LCNPs were fabricated using hydrotrope method and then coated using LbL self-assembly technique.
  
  
  RESULTS
  LbL coating strategy successfully reduced monoolein-induced hemolysis and increased LCNPs serum stability. Lyophilized Rap-LbL-LCNPs were successfully sterilized using γ-radiations. In CD44-overexpressed MDA-MB-231 cells, Rap-LbL-LCNPs demonstrated superior cytotoxicity compared with the nontargeted formulation. Rap-LbL-LCNPs showed 3.35-fold increase in bioavailability compared with free drug. Rap-LbL-LCNPs significantly inhibited tumor growth, enhanced animal survival and reduced nephrotoxic and hyperglycemic effects of Rap.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  LbL coating strategy of Rap-LCNPs could serve as a promising approach that facilitates Rap use in cancer therapy.
authors: Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt.
authors: May S
authors: MS
authors: Freag
authors: Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt.|Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy & Drug Manufacturing, Pharos University in Alexandria, Alexandria, Egypt.
authors: Yosra Sr
authors: YS
authors: Elnaggar
authors: Department of Medical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt.
authors: Doaa A
authors: DA
authors: Abdelmonsif
authors: Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt.
authors: Ossama Y
authors: OY
authors: Abdallah
mesh_terms: D045744:Cell Line, Tumor; D015972:Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic / Q000187:drug effects; D006801:Humans; D018960:Hyaluronan Receptors / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000737:chemistry; D050866:Liquid Crystals / Q000737:chemistry*; D053758:Nanoparticles / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000737:chemistry*; D009369:Neoplasms / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000473:pathology; D020123:Sirolimus / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000737:chemistry; D012995:Solubility; D018523:Tropism / Q000235:genetics; D014867:Water / Q000737:chemistry
chemical_list: D018960:Hyaluronan Receptors; D014867:Water; D020123:Sirolimus
keywords: active targeting; cancer; cell line; liquid crystalline nanoparticles; pharmacokinetics; rapamycin