title: Enhancements in crystallinity, thermal stability, tensile modulus and strength of sisal fibres and their PP composites induced by the synergistic effects of alkali and high intensity ultrasound (HIU) treatments.
abstract: In this investigation, sisal fibres were treated with the combination of alkali and high intensity ultrasound (HIU) and their effects on the morphology, thermal properties of fibres and mechanical properties of their reinforced PP composites were studied. FTIR and FE-SEM results confirmed the removal of amorphous materials such as hemicellulose, lignin and other waxy materials after the combined treatments of alkali and ultrasound. X-ray diffraction analysis revealed an increase in the crystallinity of sisal fibres with an increase in the concentration of alkali. Thermogravimetric results revealed that the thermal stability of sisal fibres obtained with the combination of both alkali and ultrasound treatment was increased by 38.5°C as compared to the untreated fibres. Morphology of sisal fibre reinforced composites showed good interfacial interaction between fibres and matrix after the combined treatment. Tensile properties were increased for the combined treated sisal fibres reinforced PP composites as compared to the untreated and pure PP. Tensile modulus and strength increased by more than 50% and 10% respectively as compared to the untreated sisal fibre reinforced composite. It has been found that the combined treatment of alkali and ultrasound is effective and useful to remove the amorphous materials and hence to improve the mechanical and thermal properties.
authors: Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, The University of Nottingham Malaysia Campus, Jalan Broga, Semenyih, Selangor D.E 43500, Malaysia.
authors: Prakash
authors: P
authors: Krishnaiah
authors: Malaysian Nuclear Agency, Selangor, Malaysia.
authors: Chantara Thevy
authors: CT
authors: Ratnam
authors: Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, The University of Nottingham Malaysia Campus, Jalan Broga, Semenyih, Selangor D.E 43500, Malaysia. Electronic address: Sivakumar.Manickam@nottighnam.edu.my.
authors: Sivakumar
authors: S
authors: Manickam
keywords: Composite; Mechanical properties; Polymer; Sisal fibres; Surface modification; Thermal stability; Ultrasound