title: In vitro modulation of Drimys winteri bark extract and the active compound polygodial on Salmo salar immune genes after exposure to Saprolegnia parasitica.
abstract: The rapid development of the aquaculture industry has global concerns with health management and control strategies to prevent and/or treat diseases and increase sustainability standards. Saprolegniosis is a disease caused by Saprolegnia parasitica, and is characterized by promoting an immunosuppression in the host. This study evaluated in vitro the extract and one active compound (polygodial) of Drimys winteri, a Chilean medicinal tree as a potential early immunostimulatory aid in Saprolegniosis control. Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) head kidney cells (ASK-1) were incubated with both extract and pure polygodial before exposure to S. parasitica mycelium, and the expression of the immune-related genes interleukin 1β (IL-1β), interferon α (IFNα), and major histocompatibility complex II (MHCII) was evaluated. Both evidenced immunomodulatory capacities by increasing gene expressions. This immunomodulation related to a mitigatory action counteracting the immunosuppressing effects of S. parasitica. Despite that most immune-related genes were up-regulated, the down-regulation of MHCII, characteristic of S. parasitica infection, was lessened by pre-incubation with the compounds. This study provides the first insight on the potential of D. winteri bark extract as a possible immunomodulatory and defensive strategy against this oomycete infection in fish.
authors: Laboratory of Cell Culture and Marine Genomics, Department of Oceanography and COPAS Sur-Austral, University of Concepción, Casilla 160-C, Concepción, Chile.
authors: D
authors: D
authors: Pereira-Torres
authors: Laboratory of Biotechnology and Aquatic Genomics, Interdisciplinary Center for Aquaculture Research (INCAR), University of Concepción, Casilla 160-C, Concepción, Chile.
authors: A T
authors: AT
authors: Gonçalves
authors: Laboratory of Cell Culture and Marine Genomics, Department of Oceanography and COPAS Sur-Austral, University of Concepción, Casilla 160-C, Concepción, Chile.
authors: V
authors: V
authors: Ulloa
authors: Departamento de Química, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Universidad Andrés Bello, Quillota 910, Viña del Mar, Chile.
authors: R
authors: R
authors: Martínez
authors: Instituto de Ciencias Químicas Aplicadas, Facultad de Ingeniería, Universidad Autónoma de Chile, Llano Subercaseaux 2801, San Miguel, Santiago, Chile.
authors: H
authors: H
authors: Carrasco
authors: Instituto de Ciencias Químicas Aplicadas, Facultad de Ingeniería, Universidad Autónoma de Chile, Llano Subercaseaux 2801, San Miguel, Santiago, Chile.
authors: A F
authors: AF
authors: Olea
authors: Departamento de Química, Universidad Técnica Federico Santa María, Av. España 1680, Valparaíso, Chile.
authors: L
authors: L
authors: Espinoza
authors: Laboratory of Biotechnology and Aquatic Genomics, Interdisciplinary Center for Aquaculture Research (INCAR), University of Concepción, Casilla 160-C, Concepción, Chile.
authors: C
authors: C
authors: Gallardo-Escárate
authors: Laboratory of Cell Culture and Marine Genomics, Department of Oceanography and COPAS Sur-Austral, University of Concepción, Casilla 160-C, Concepción, Chile. Electronic address: aastuya@udec.cl.
authors: A
authors: A
authors: Astuya
mesh_terms: D000821:Animal Feed / Q000032:analysis; D000818:Animals; D004032:Diet / Q000662:veterinary; D032424:Drimys / Q000737:chemistry*; D005393:Fish Diseases / Q000276:immunology* / Q000382:microbiology; D007239:Infections / Q000276:immunology / Q000382:microbiology / Q000662:veterinary*; D024301:Plant Bark / Q000737:chemistry; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology*; D020317:Salmo salar; D044762:Saprolegnia / Q000502:physiology; D012717:Sesquiterpenes / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology*
chemical_list: D010936:Plant Extracts; D012717:Sesquiterpenes; C034380:polygodial
keywords: D. winteri; Gene expression; Immunostimulant; In vitro; Polygodial; S. parasitica; Saprolegniosis