title: Protective effect of Allium sativum (garlic) aqueous extract against lead-induced oxidative stress in the rat brain, liver, and kidney.
abstract: The present investigation was undertaken to evaluate the ameliorative activity of Allium sativum against lead-induced oxidative stress in the brain, liver, and kidney of male rats. Four groups of male Wistar strain rats (100-120 g) were taken: group 1 received 1000 mg/L sodium acetate and group 2 was given 1000 mg/L lead acetate through drinking water for 2 weeks. Group 3 and 4 were treated with 250 mg/kg body weight/day of A. sativum and 500 mg/kg body weight/day of A. sativum, respectively, by oral intubation for a period of 2 weeks along with lead acetate. The rats were sacrificed after treatment and the brain, liver, and kidney were isolated on ice. In the brain, four important regions namely the hippocampus, cerebellum, cerebral cortex, and brain stem were separated and used for the present investigation. Blood was also drawn by cardiac puncture and preserved in heparinized vials at 4 °C for estimation of delta-aminolevulinic acid dehydratase (ALAD) activity. The results showed a significant (p < 0.05) increase in reactive oxygen species (ROS), lipid peroxidation products (LPP), total protein carbonyl content (TPCC), and lead in the selected brain regions, liver, and kidney of lead-exposed group compared with their respective controls. Blood delta-ALAD activity showed a significant (p < 0.05) decrease in the lead-exposed rats. However, the concomitant administration of A. sativum resulted in tissue-specific recovery of oxidative stress parameters namely ROS, LPP, and TPCC. A. sativum treatment also restored the blood delta-ALAD activity back to control. Overall, our results indicate that A. sativum administration could be an effective antioxidant treatment strategy for lead-induced oxidative insult.
authors: Division of Animal Physiology and Toxicology, Department of Zoology, Andhra University, Visakhapatnam, 530003, India.
authors: V
authors: V
authors: Manoj Kumar
authors: Department of Biological Sciences, Alcorn State University, Lorman, MS, USA.
authors: A K
authors: AK
authors: Henley
authors: Department of Biological Sciences, Alcorn State University, Lorman, MS, USA.
authors: C J
authors: CJ
authors: Nelson
authors: Division of Animal Physiology and Toxicology, Department of Zoology, Andhra University, Visakhapatnam, 530003, India.
authors: O
authors: O
authors: Indumati
authors: Division of Animal Physiology and Toxicology, Department of Zoology, Andhra University, Visakhapatnam, 530003, India. yprabhakararao@yahoo.com.
authors: Y
authors: Y
authors: Prabhakara Rao
authors: Department of Biological Sciences, Alcorn State University, Lorman, MS, USA.
authors: S
authors: S
authors: Rajanna
authors: Department of Biological Sciences, Alcorn State University, Lorman, MS, USA.
authors: B
authors: B
authors: Rajanna
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000975:Antioxidants / Q000378:metabolism; D001921:Brain / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D004785:Environmental Pollutants / Q000633:toxicity*; D005737:Garlic / Q000737:chemistry*; D007668:Kidney / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D007854:Lead / Q000633:toxicity*; D015227:Lipid Peroxidation / Q000187:drug effects; D008099:Liver / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D008297:Male; D018384:Oxidative Stress / Q000187:drug effects*; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000494:pharmacology*; D000623:Porphobilinogen Synthase / Q000378:metabolism; D050050:Protein Carbonylation / Q000187:drug effects; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species / Q000378:metabolism; D014867:Water / Q000737:chemistry*
chemical_list: D000975:Antioxidants; D004785:Environmental Pollutants; D010936:Plant Extracts; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species; D014867:Water; D007854:Lead; D000623:Porphobilinogen Synthase
keywords: A. sativum; Brain; Kidney; LPP; Lead; Liver; ROS; TPCC