title: Anesthetic Effect and Physiological Response in Olive Flounder (Paralichthys olivaceus) to Clove Oil in a Simulated Transport Experiment.
abstract: The optimum concentrations of clove oil as an anesthetic for olive flounder (Paralichthys olivaceus) and the stress response of the fish to clove oil anesthesia were determined over a range of water temperatures, and investigated in a simulated transport experiment using analysis of various water and physiological parameters. While the time for induction of anesthesia decreased significantly as both the concentration of clove oil and water temperature increased, the recovery time increased significantly (P<0.05). The plasma cortisol concentration in fish at each temperature increased significantly up to 12 h following exposure (P<0.05), then decreased to 48 h (P<0.05). The DO dissolved oxygen concentrations, pH values, and the fish respiratory frequencies decreased over 6 h following exposure to clove oil in all experimental groups (P<0.05), whereas the NH4+and CO2concentrations in all experimental groups increased up to 6 h (P<0.05). The pH values and DO concentrations increased with increasing clove oil concentration (P<0.05) in the 6 h following exposure, and the CO2and NH4+concentrations and the respiratory frequencies decreased with increasing clove oil concentration (P<0.05). The results of this experiment suggest that clove oil reduced the metabolic activity of olive flounder, thus reducing NH4+excretion and O2consumption. In conclusion, clove oil appears to be a cost-effective and efficient anesthetic that is safe for use and non-toxic to the fish and users. Its use provides the potential for improved transportation of olive flounder.
authors: Division of Marine Bioscience, College of Ocean Science and Technology, Korea Maritime and Ocean University, Busan 606-791, Korea.
authors: Hyun Woo
authors: HW
authors: Gil
authors: Institute of Marine Living Modified Organism (iMLMO), Pukyung National University, Busan 608-737, Korea.
authors: Min Gyun
authors: MG
authors: Ko
authors: Division of Marine Bioscience, College of Ocean Science and Technology, Korea Maritime and Ocean University, Busan 606-791, Korea.
authors: Tae Ho
authors: TH
authors: Lee
authors: Division of Marine Bioscience, College of Ocean Science and Technology, Korea Maritime and Ocean University, Busan 606-791, Korea.
authors: In-Seok
authors: IS
authors: Park
authors: Institute of Marine Living Modified Organism (iMLMO), Pukyung National University, Busan 608-737, Korea.
authors: Dong Soo
authors: DS
authors: Kim
keywords: Anesthetic; Clove oil; Olive flounder; Paralichthys olivaceus; Stress response; Water parameters; Water temperature