title: Nowhere safe? Exploring the influence of urbanization across mainland and insular seashores in continental Portugal and the Azorean Archipelago.
abstract: Differences in the structure and functioning of intensively urbanized vs. less human-affected systems are reported, but such evidence is available for a much larger extent in terrestrial than in marine systems. We examined the hypotheses that (i) urbanization was associated to different patterns of variation of intertidal assemblages between urban and extra-urban environments; (ii) such patterns were consistent across mainland and insular systems, spatial scales from 10scm to 100skm, and a three months period. Several trends emerged: (i) a more homogeneous distribution of most algal groups in the urban compared to the extra-urban condition and the opposite pattern of most invertebrates; (ii) smaller/larger variances of most organisms where these were, respectively, less/more abundant; (iii) largest variability of most response variables at small scale; (iv) no facilitation of invasive species by urbanization and larger cover of canopy-forming algae in the insular extra-urban condition. Present findings confirm the acknowledged notion that future management strategies will require to include representative assemblages and their relevant scales of variation associated to urbanization gradients on both the mainland and the islands.
authors: CIIMAR/CIMAR,Centro Interdisciplinar de Investigação Marinha e Ambiental, Terminal de Cruzeiros do Porto de Leixões, Av. General Norton de Matos s/n, 4450-208, Matosinhos, Portugal; Stazione Zoologica Anton Dohrn, Villa Comunale, 80121 Naples, Italy. Electronic address: ibertocci@ciimar.up.pt.
authors: Iacopo
authors: I
authors: Bertocci
authors: CIIMAR/CIMAR,Centro Interdisciplinar de Investigação Marinha e Ambiental, Terminal de Cruzeiros do Porto de Leixões, Av. General Norton de Matos s/n, 4450-208, Matosinhos, Portugal.
authors: Francisco
authors: F
authors: Arenas
authors: cE3c-Centre for Ecology, Evolution and Environmental Changes/Azorean Biodiversity Group - Universidade dos Açores, Rua da Mãe de Deus 13A, 9501-801 Ponta Delgada, Azores, Portugal.
authors: Eva
authors: E
authors: Cacabelos
authors: cE3c-Centre for Ecology, Evolution and Environmental Changes/Azorean Biodiversity Group - Universidade dos Açores, Rua da Mãe de Deus 13A, 9501-801 Ponta Delgada, Azores, Portugal.
authors: Gustavo M
authors: GM
authors: Martins
authors: MARE, Marine and Environmental Science Centre, Laboratório de Ciências do Mar, Universidade de Évora, Avenida Vasco da Gama, Apartado 190, 7521-903 Sines, Portugal.
authors: Maria I
authors: MI
authors: Seabra
authors: cE3c-Centre for Ecology, Evolution and Environmental Changes/Azorean Biodiversity Group - Universidade dos Açores, Rua da Mãe de Deus 13A, 9501-801 Ponta Delgada, Azores, Portugal; CMMG-Centro do Clima, Meteorologia e Mudanças Globais da Universidade dos Açores, Pólo Universitário de Angra do Heroísmo, 9701-851 Angra do Heroísmo, Azores, Portugal.
authors: Nuno V
authors: NV
authors: Álvaro
authors: MARE, Marine and Environmental Science Centre, Laboratório de Ciências do Mar, Universidade de Évora, Avenida Vasco da Gama, Apartado 190, 7521-903 Sines, Portugal.
authors: Joana N
authors: JN
authors: Fernandes
authors: CIIMAR/CIMAR,Centro Interdisciplinar de Investigação Marinha e Ambiental, Terminal de Cruzeiros do Porto de Leixões, Av. General Norton de Matos s/n, 4450-208, Matosinhos, Portugal.
authors: Raquel
authors: R
authors: Gaião
authors: MARE, Marine and Environmental Science Centre, Laboratório de Ciências do Mar, Universidade de Évora, Avenida Vasco da Gama, Apartado 190, 7521-903 Sines, Portugal.
authors: Nuno
authors: N
authors: Mamede
authors: CIIMAR/CIMAR,Centro Interdisciplinar de Investigação Marinha e Ambiental, Terminal de Cruzeiros do Porto de Leixões, Av. General Norton de Matos s/n, 4450-208, Matosinhos, Portugal.
authors: Martina
authors: M
authors: Mulas
authors: cE3c-Centre for Ecology, Evolution and Environmental Changes/Azorean Biodiversity Group - Universidade dos Açores, Rua da Mãe de Deus 13A, 9501-801 Ponta Delgada, Azores, Portugal.
authors: Ana I
authors: AI
authors: Neto
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001394:Azores; D000460:Chlorophyta / Q000254:growth & development; D017753:Ecosystem; D004784:Environmental Monitoring / Q000379:methods*; D019015:Geologic Sediments / Q000737:chemistry; D007448:Invertebrates / Q000254:growth & development; D011174:Portugal; D012623:Seawater / Q000737:chemistry; D014507:Urbanization
keywords: Algal and invertebrate assemblages; Human impacts; Rocky intertidal; Spatio-temporal scales; Variance components