title: The role of lower limbs during tennis serve.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Tennis serve is the most important shot in tennis. Lower limbs generate about 50% of the total force developed during the serve, but limited information is available about their role. Therefore, the aim of the present study was to investigate the role of lower limbs during first and second serve and its relationship between jump height and ball speed during tennis serve.
  
  
  METHODS
  Eight professional tennis players (age: 20±3 years; height 181±3 cm; height with racket: 283±5 cm; playing experience 13±3 years) were tested with counter movement jump (CMJ) and CMJ with free arm swing (CMJF). Moreover, jump height and serve speed during first and second serve were measured.
  
  
  RESULTS
  No significant differences between the first and the second serve jump height were observed. Significant difference between the best CMJ and jump height during the first (37.29±4.94 vs. 12.42±3.28, P=0.0006; effect size [ES]: >2.0) and the second (37.29±4.94 vs. 13.04±2.46, P=0.0002; ES: >2.0) serve was noted. Significant difference between the best CMJF performance and the best jump height during the first (44.46±6.22 vs. 12.42±3.28, P=0.0006; ES: >2.0) and the second (44.46±5.82 vs. 13.04±2.46, P=0.0002; ES: >2.0) serves were detected. Slightly significant Spearman positive correlations between jump height and first (P=0.049; r=0.71) and second (P=0.047; r=0.71) serve speed was computed.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Reaching higher impact point during tennis serve could allow to serve faster. On the other hand, because tennis serve is a complex coordinative movement of the entire kinetic chain, coaches should focus more coordinative skills of their athletes.
authors: School of Sport Science, University of Milan, Milan, Italy.
authors: Filippo
authors: F
authors: Dossena
authors: Department of Biomedical Sciences for Health, University of Milan, Milan, Italy.|R.I.T.A, Italian Tennis Research Association, Milan, Italy.
authors: Carlo
authors: C
authors: Rossi
authors: Department of Biomedical Sciences for Health, University of Milan, Milan, Italy.
authors: Antonio
authors: A
authors: LA Torre
authors: Department of Biomedical Sciences for Health, University of Milan, Milan, Italy - matteo.bonato@unimi.it.
authors: Matteo
authors: M
authors: Bonato
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D056352:Athletes; D006801:Humans; D035002:Lower Extremity / Q000502:physiology*; D008297:Male; D009068:Movement; D013715:Tennis / Q000502:physiology*; D055815:Young Adult