title: Prunella vulgaris L. active components and their hypoglycemic and antinociceptive effects in alloxan-induced diabetic mice.
abstract: Prunella vulgaris L. (Lamiaceae) (PV) is a herbaceous plant traditionally utilized in management of diabetes and it has immunomodulatory activity. In this study, acute and subchronic antidiabetic, in-vivo antioxidant and antinociceptive effects of PV were evaluated in alloxan-induced type 1 diabetes (T1D) in a mouse model. Bio-guided fractionation, isolation, RP-HPLC, and1H and13C NMR identification of the active components responsible for PV effects were determined. RP-HPLC analysis showed that PV contained rosmarinic acid (RA) 4.5%, caffeic acid (CA) 9.8% and p-coumaric acid (pCA) 11.6%. Bio-guided fractionation showed that PV most active fraction was rich in caffeic acid, hence named, caffeic acid-rich fraction (CARF). RP-HPLC, and1H and13C NMR experiments showed that CARF contained CA (93.4%) and RA (6.6%). CARF reduced blood glucose levels and improved in-vivo oxidative-stress. It also inhibited the carbohydrate-hydrolyzing enzymes (alpha-amylase and alpha-glucosidase) and reduced HbA1c levels more significantly (p≤0.05) than that of PV and equivalent amounts of CA or RA. For longer times, CARF had significantly (p≤0.05) increased serum-insulin, ameliorated thermal hyperalgesia and tactile allodynia more significantly (p≤0.05) than the effects of PV and equivalent amounts of CA or RA. Moreover, the tested compounds showed potential restoration of the lipid peroxide levels. Consequently, CARF and PV observed increase in serum-insulin, attenuation of alpha-amylase and alpha-glucosidase, and their antioxidant potentials might be responsible for their antidiabetogenic and antinociceptive properties. In conclusion, CARF isolated from PV could be a potential therapeutic agent to ameliorate T1D and related complications.
authors: Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, Beirut Arab University, 115020 Beirut, Lebanon. Electronic address: k.raafat@bau.edu.lb.
authors: K
authors: K
authors: Raafat
authors: Institute of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Johann Wolfgang Goethe University Frankfurt, Marie-Curie-Straße 9, 60438 Frankfurt/Main, Germany.
authors: M
authors: M
authors: Wurglics
authors: Institute of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Johann Wolfgang Goethe University Frankfurt, Marie-Curie-Straße 9, 60438 Frankfurt/Main, Germany.
authors: M
authors: M
authors: Schubert-Zsilavecz
mesh_terms: D000700:Analgesics / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000494:pharmacology*; D000818:Animals; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000097:blood; D001786:Blood Glucose / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism; D066241:Carbon-13 Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; D002851:Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; D056148:Chromatography, Reverse-Phase; D003921:Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental / Q000097:blood / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000188:drug therapy*; D003929:Diabetic Neuropathies / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000503:physiopathology; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D006442:Glycated Hemoglobin / Q000378:metabolism; D065089:Glycoside Hydrolase Inhibitors / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000494:pharmacology; D007004:Hypoglycemic Agents / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000494:pharmacology*; D056626:Inflorescence; D007328:Insulin / Q000097:blood; D015227:Lipid Peroxidation / Q000187:drug effects; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D059225:Nociception / Q000187:drug effects*; D018384:Oxidative Stress / Q000187:drug effects; D017288:Pain Threshold / Q000187:drug effects; D008517:Phytotherapy; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000494:pharmacology*; D010946:Plants, Medicinal; D066244:Proton Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; D031347:Prunella / Q000737:chemistry; D011930:Reaction Time / Q000187:drug effects; D013311:Streptozocin; D013997:Time Factors; D000516:alpha-Amylases / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000097:blood
chemical_list: D000700:Analgesics; D015415:Biomarkers; D001786:Blood Glucose; D006442:Glycated Hemoglobin; D065089:Glycoside Hydrolase Inhibitors; D007004:Hypoglycemic Agents; D007328:Insulin; D010936:Plant Extracts; D013311:Streptozocin; D000516:alpha-Amylases; C558406:HbA(1c) protein, mouse
keywords: Alpha-glucosidase; Diabetes mellitus; HbA(1c); In vivo antioxidant; Painful diabetic neuropathy; Prunella vulgaris; Von frey filaments