title: Hepatic and Intra-abdominal Tuberculosis: 2016 Update.
abstract: Mycobacterium tuberculosis (TB) infection affects nearly 10 million people a year and causes 1.5 million deaths. TB is common in the immunosuppressed population with 12 % of all new diagnoses occurring in human immune deficiency virus (HIV)-positive patients. Extra-pulmonary TB occurs in 12 % of patients with active TB infection of which 3.5 % is hepatobiliary and 6-38 % is intra-abdominal. Hepatobiliary and intra-abdominal TB can present with a myriad of non-specific symptoms, and therefore, diagnosis requires a high level of suspicion. Accurate and rapid diagnosis requires a multidisciplinary team (MDT) approach using radiology, interventional radiology, surgery and pathology services. Treatment of TB is predominantly medical, yet surgery plays an important role in managing the complications of hepatobiliary and intra-abdominal TB.
authors: Wye Valley NHS Trust, Department of Surgery, The County Hospital, Union Walk, Hereford, HR1 2ER, UK.
authors: Richard P T
authors: RP
authors: Evans
authors: Wye Valley NHS Trust, Department of Surgery, The County Hospital, Union Walk, Hereford, HR1 2ER, UK.
authors: Moustafa Mabrouk
authors: MM
authors: Mourad
authors: North Middlesex University Hospital, London, UK.
authors: Lee
authors: L
authors: Dvorkin
authors: Wye Valley NHS Trust, Department of Surgery, The County Hospital, Union Walk, Hereford, HR1 2ER, UK. Simon.Bramhall@wvt.nhs.uk.
authors: Simon R
authors: SR
authors: Bramhall
keywords: Hepatobiliary tuberculosis; Intra-abdominal tuberculosis; Mycobacterium tuberculosis; Tuberculosis