title: Identification of urinary metabolites with potential blood pressure-lowering effects in lentil-fed spontaneously hypertensive rats.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Urine samples were obtained from a previously completed study that showed lentil consumption attenuates the increase in blood pressure that occurs over time in spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHRs). The objective of the present study was to compare the metabolite profile of the urine samples from control and lentil-fed SHR in relation to the compounds present in lentils but not in other pulses.
  
  
  METHODS
  The urine samples were from 17-week-old, male SHR fed semi-purified diet prepared with powder (30 %, w/w) from cooked whole pulses or a pulse-free control diet (n = 8/group) for 4 weeks. Pulse powders, control diet and urine samples were extracted using acetonitrile and analyzed by a high-performance liquid chromatography/quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry (LC-QTOF-MS).
  
  
  RESULTS
  Twenty-seven metabolites were significantly different in urine samples from lentil-fed SHR compared to SHR fed control diet, but only 7 were not present in the urine of SHR fed other pulses. Of these metabolites, only citrulline is linked to blood pressure regulation via production of the vasodilator nitric oxide (NO). Several arginine-related compounds that are NO synthase substrates or inhibitors were detected in lentils but not the control diet or other pulse powders.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Consumption of lentils increases the availability of arginine and several related compounds that could potentially elevate production of NO and contribute to the blood pressure-lowering effects of lentil-rich diets.
authors: Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Canada.|St Boniface Hospital Albrechtsen Research Centre, Canadian Centre for Agri-Food Research in Health and Medicine, 351 Tache Ave, Winnipeg, MB, R2H 2A6, Canada.
authors: Matthew
authors: M
authors: Hanson
authors: Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Canada.|Department of Human Nutritional Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Canada.|St Boniface Hospital Albrechtsen Research Centre, Canadian Centre for Agri-Food Research in Health and Medicine, 351 Tache Ave, Winnipeg, MB, R2H 2A6, Canada.
authors: Peter
authors: P
authors: Zahradka
authors: Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Canada.|Department of Human Nutritional Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Canada.|St Boniface Hospital Albrechtsen Research Centre, Canadian Centre for Agri-Food Research in Health and Medicine, 351 Tache Ave, Winnipeg, MB, R2H 2A6, Canada.
authors: Carla G
authors: CG
authors: Taylor
authors: Department of Human Nutritional Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Canada. Michel.Aliani@Umanitoba.ca.|St Boniface Hospital Albrechtsen Research Centre, Canadian Centre for Agri-Food Research in Health and Medicine, 351 Tache Ave, Winnipeg, MB, R2H 2A6, Canada. Michel.Aliani@Umanitoba.ca.
authors: Michel
authors: M
authors: Aliani
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000959:Antihypertensive Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D001794:Blood Pressure / Q000187:drug effects; D002956:Citrulline / Q000652:urine; D004032:Diet; D006973:Hypertension / Q000652:urine*; D027806:Lens Plant / Q000737:chemistry*; D008239:Lysine / Q000652:urine; D008297:Male; D055432:Metabolomics / Q000379:methods; D011733:Pyridoxamine / Q000652:urine; D051381:Rats; D011918:Rats, Inbred SHR; D012639:Seeds / Q000737:chemistry
chemical_list: D000959:Antihypertensive Agents; D002956:Citrulline; D011733:Pyridoxamine; D008239:Lysine
keywords: Hypertension; Lentils; Metabolomics; Spontaneously hypertensive rat