title: Radium-223 Therapy for Patients with Metastatic Castrate-Resistant Prostate Cancer: An Update on Literature with Case Presentation.
abstract: Background and Purpose. Radium-223 dichloride (Xofigo®, Bayer HealthCare Pharmaceuticals Inc.) is the firstα-particle emitter therapeutic agent approved by the FDA, with benefits in overall survival and delay in symptomatic skeletal event for patients with metastatic castrate-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC). Recent post hoc analyses of the phase III ALSYMPCA trial support the previously established safety profile as well as therapeutic effect and clinical outcome of Radium-223. Currently, Radium-223 is approved as a single agent therapy for metastatic CRPC. Clinical trials are currently investigating Radium-223 in additional clinical settings such as earlier asymptomatic disease and in combination with other agents including hormonal therapeutic agents and immunotherapeutic as well as chemotherapeutic agents. Trials are also ongoing in patients with other primary cancers such as breast cancer, thyroid cancer, and renal cancer metastatic to bone. In this article, the physics and radiobiology, as well as a literature update on the use of Radium-223, are provided along with case presentations, aiming at a better appreciation of research data as well as the assimilation of research data into clinical practice.
authors: Division of Nuclear Medicine, Department of Radiology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.
authors: Nghi C
authors: 0000-0001-8458-0062
authors: NC
authors: Nguyen
authors: Division of Nuclear Medicine, Department of Radiology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.
authors: Muhammad
authors: 0000-0003-1997-3702
authors: M
authors: Shah
authors: Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.
authors: Leonard J
authors: LJ
authors: Appleman
authors: Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.
authors: Rahul
authors: 0000-0002-3372-7914
authors: R
authors: Parikh
authors: Division of Nuclear Medicine, Department of Radiology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.
authors: James M
authors: JM
authors: Mountz