title: Effect of Backpack Strap Patterns on Gait Parameters in Young Adults at Self-Selected Normal and Fast Walking Speeds.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The effects of backpack load on young adults' gait parameters have received little attention. We previously reported that with a backpack load within 15% body weight (BW), young adults maintain their gait parameters at the expense of increased exertion during a 6-minute walk at self-selected normal walking speed. However, the effect of backpack strap pattern on gait parameters during faster walking or longer stride length has not been evaluated.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To determine the effect of different backpack strap patterns on gait parameters during a 12-minute walk test in young adults at self-selected normal and fast walking speeds.
  
  
  METHODS
  A crossover, self-controlled experimental study with repeated measures.
  
  
  METHODS
  Department of Medical Rehabilitation, University of Nigeria.
  
  
  METHODS
  A convenience sample of 24 healthy young adults (21.29 ± 1.20 years) who voluntarily signed an informed consent form, were able to wear a backpack on 1 and on both shoulders, were able to walk independently, and passed the physical activity readiness screening participated in this study.
  
  
  METHODS
  Using a validated method of an observational gait analysis, each participant carried out a 12-minute walk test at self-determined normal and fast walking speeds, respectively. The effect of the following test conditions on the selected gait parameters was evaluated: normal and fast walking without load, and normal and fast walking with 10% and 20% BW backpack carried each on 1 and both shoulders.
  
  
  METHODS
  Stride length, stride time, velocity, cadence, and base of support were assessed by the equation definitions method of the velocity field diagram.
  
  
  RESULTS
  At self-selected fast walking speed with 10% BW backpack load, stride time (P = .004) and cadence (P = .006) were significantly decreased when participants wore a double-strap backpack. At self-selected normal walking speed with 20% BW backpack load, cadence was significantly decreased with double-strap backpack carriage (P = .008). Cadence (P < .001), velocity (P < .001), and stride time (P < .001)were also significantly decreased at both conditions of single and double-strap backpack carriage of 20% BW respectively at fast walking speed.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Backpack strap patterns do not affect the gait parameters of young adults in a 12-minute bout of normal walking speed, provided that the load is less than 20% BW. However, a load up to 10% BW carried on a double strap causes a decrease in stride time and cadence when these individuals walk fast.
  
  
  METHODS
  Not applicable.
authors: Department of Medical Rehabilitation, Faculty of Health Sciences and Technology College of Medicine, University of Nigeria Enugu Campus, 400006 Enugu, Nigeria(∗). Electronic address: ukachukwu.abaraogu@unn.edu.ng.
authors: Ukachukwu Okoroafor
authors: UO
authors: Abaraogu
authors: Department of Medical Rehabilitation, Faculty of Health Sciences and Technology College of Medicine University of Nigeria Enugu Campus, Enugu, Nigeria(†).
authors: Wisdom Onyedikachi
authors: WO
authors: Ugwa
authors: Department of Medical Rehabilitation, Faculty of Health Sciences and Technology College of Medicine University of Nigeria Enugu Campus, Enugu, Nigeria(‡).
authors: Osita
authors: O
authors: Nnodim
authors: Department of Medical Rehabilitation, Faculty of Health Sciences and Technology, College of Medicine, University of Nigeria Enugu Campus, Enugu, Nigeria.
authors: Elochukwu Fortune
authors: EF
authors: Ezenwankwo
mesh_terms: D001696:Biomechanical Phenomena; D018592:Cross-Over Studies; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D012016:Reference Values; D018570:Risk Assessment; D012494:Sampling Studies; D012782:Shoulder; D016138:Walking / Q000502:physiology; D000072797:Walking Speed / Q000502:physiology*; D016474:Weight-Bearing / Q000502:physiology*