title: Co amorphous systems: A product development perspective.
abstract: Solubility is one of the major problems associated with most of the new chemical entities that can be reasonably addressed by drug amorphization. However, being a high-energy form, it usually tends to re-crystallize, necessitating new formulation strategies to stabilize amorphous drugs. Polymeric amorphous solid dispersion (PASD) is one of the widely investigated strategies to stabilize amorphous drug, with major limitations like limited polymer solubility and hygroscopicity. Co amorphous system (CAM), a new entrant in amorphous arena is a promising alternative to PASD. CAMs are multi component single phase amorphous solid systems made up of two or more small molecules that may be a combination of drugs or drug and excipients. Excipients explored for CAM preparation include amino acids, carboxylic acids, nicotinamide and saccharine. Advantages offered by CAM include improved aqueous solubility and physical stability of amorphous drug, with a potential to improve therapeutic efficacy. This review attempts to address different aspects in the development of CAM as drug products. Criterion for co-former selection, various methods involved in CAM preparation, characterization tools, stability, scale up and regulatory requirements for the CAM product development are discussed.
authors: Solid State Pharmaceutical Research Group (SSPRG), Department of Pharmaceutics, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Hyderabad, India.
authors: Rahul B
authors: RB
authors: Chavan
authors: Solid State Pharmaceutical Research Group (SSPRG), Department of Pharmaceutics, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Hyderabad, India.
authors: Rajesh
authors: R
authors: Thipparaboina
authors: Solid State Pharmaceutical Research Group (SSPRG), Department of Pharmaceutics, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Hyderabad, India; Solid State Pharmaceutical Cluster (SSPC), School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Trinity College Dublin, The University of Dublin, Ireland.
authors: Dinesh
authors: D
authors: Kumar
authors: Solid State Pharmaceutical Research Group (SSPRG), Department of Pharmaceutics, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Hyderabad, India. Electronic address: nalini@niperhyd.ac.in.
authors: Nalini R
authors: NR
authors: Shastri
mesh_terms: D002626:Chemistry, Pharmaceutical / Q000379:methods; D003460:Crystallization / Q000379:methods; D004355:Drug Stability; D005079:Excipients / Q000737:chemistry; D004364:Pharmaceutical Preparations / Q000737:chemistry*; D011108:Polymers / Q000737:chemistry; D012995:Solubility
chemical_list: D005079:Excipients; D004364:Pharmaceutical Preparations; D011108:Polymers
keywords: Amorphous solid dispersion; Co amorphous system; Miscibility; Phase separation; Polymers; Stability