title: The simulation of UV spectroscopy and electronic analysis of temozolomide and dacarbazine chemical decomposition to their metabolites.
abstract: The electronic features of anti-tumor agent, temozolomide, and its degradation products (MTIC and metabolite AIC) have been traced by means of UV absorption spectroscopy in vacuo and aqueous media. For comparison, electronic spectra of related structures and drugs (e.g., dacarbazine) were also investigated. These investigations were carried out using time-dependent density functional theory (TD-DFT) method while the conductor like screening model (COSMO) were applied for the inclusion of solvent effects in electronic spectra. From functional benchmarking, two methods; B3LYP and O3LYP were selected among several other methods with 6-311+G(2d,p) basis set aiming to get the best results in accord with the experimental values. An assessment of the obtained spectra has shown that O3LYP functional gives a mean absolute error (MAE) from experimental absorption peaks of 4.3 nm compared to the 7.2 nm MAE value at B3LYP level in aqueous media. Furthermore, since the structural and tautomeric conformers affect the electronic spectra, conformational preferences have been analyzed in temozolomide, dacarbazine, and their related structures. Temozolomide structure possesses two rotamers that differ in the orientation of carboxamide moiety with a small energy difference (energy difference of 1.39 kcal mol-1in vacuo and 0.35 kcal mol-1in aqueous media at B3LYP/6-311++G(2df,3pd). The more stable and meta-stable TMZ rotamer have shown their absorption maxima at 329-334 nm, respectively, at O3LYP level in aqueous media. Applying statistical calculation according to Boltzmann population formula at 25 °C and computed weighed mean estimates the λmaxof temozolomide at 331 nm, which is in notable agreement with the experimental value (330 nm). Moreover, molecular orbital composition analysis has been conducted in order to interpret these findings. Graphical Abstract Temozolomide and dacarbazine.
authors: Faculty of Chemistry, Razi University, P. O. Box: 67149-67346, Kermanshah, Iran.
authors: M Hossein
authors: MH
authors: Khalilian
authors: Faculty of Chemistry, Razi University, P. O. Box: 67149-67346, Kermanshah, Iran.
authors: Saber
authors: S
authors: Mirzaei
authors: Faculty of Chemistry, Razi University, P. O. Box: 67149-67346, Kermanshah, Iran. avatarman.taherpour@gmail.com.|Medical Biology Research Center, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran. avatarman.taherpour@gmail.com.
authors: Avat Arman
authors: AA
authors: Taherpour
mesh_terms: D003606:Dacarbazine / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000493:pharmacokinetics*; D008956:Models, Chemical; D013056:Spectrophotometry, Ultraviolet; D000077204:Temozolomide
chemical_list: D003606:Dacarbazine; D000077204:Temozolomide
keywords: Conformational analysis; Dacarbazine; O3LYP; TD-DFT; Temozolomide; UV Spectroscopy