title: Isolation and Characterization of a microRNA-size Secretable Small RNA in Streptococcus sanguinis.
abstract: MicroRNAs in eukaryotic cells are thought to control highly complex signal transduction and other biological processes by regulating coding transcripts, accounting for their important role in cellular events in eukaryotes. Recently, a novel class of bacterial RNAs similar in size [18-22 nucleotides (nt)] to microRNAs has been reported. Herein, we describe microRNAs, small RNAs from the oral pathogen Streptococcus sanguinis. The bacteria are normally present in the oral cavities and cause endocarditis by contaminating bloodstreams. Small RNAs were analyzed by deep sequencing. Selected highly expressed small RNAs were further validated by real-time polymerase chain reaction and northern blot analyses. We found that skim milk supplement changed the expression of small RNAs S.S-1964 in tandem with the nearby SSA_0513 gene involved in vitamin B12conversion. We furthermore observed small RNAs secreted via bacterial membrane vesicles. Although their precise function remains unclear, secretable small RNAs may represent an entirely new area of study in bacterial genetics.
authors: Department of Oral Microbiology and Immunology, School of Dentistry, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Korea.
authors: Ji-Woong
authors: JW
authors: Choi
authors: Department of Dental Biomaterials, School of Dentistry, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Korea.
authors: Tae-Yub
authors: TY
authors: Kwon
authors: Department of Oral Microbiology and Immunology, School of Dentistry, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Korea.
authors: Su-Hyung
authors: SH
authors: Hong
authors: Department of Oral Microbiology and Immunology, School of Dentistry, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Korea. heonlee@knu.ac.kr.
authors: Heon-Jin
authors: http://orcid.org/0000-0002-1911-5014
authors: HJ
authors: Lee
mesh_terms: D015152:Blotting, Northern; D019295:Computational Biology; D022162:Cytoplasmic Vesicles / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D030541:Databases, Genetic; D015964:Gene Expression Regulation, Bacterial / Q000187:drug effects; D059014:High-Throughput Nucleotide Sequencing; D009690:Nucleic Acid Conformation; D012329:RNA, Bacterial / Q000737:chemistry / Q000302:isolation & purification* / Q000378:metabolism; D060888:Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction; D017423:Sequence Analysis, RNA; D013291:Streptococcus / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism; D014805:Vitamin B 12 / Q000494:pharmacology
chemical_list: D012329:RNA, Bacterial; D014805:Vitamin B 12
keywords: Coenzyme B12; Membrane vesicle (MV); Secretable small RNA; Streptococcus sanguinis; Vitamin B12; miRNA; msRNA