title: Lercanidipine valuable effect on urine protein losses: the RED LEVEL study.
abstract: The RED LEVEL study (REnal Disease: LErcanidipine Valuable Effect on urine protein Losses) directly compares, in an explorative fashion, the effects of lercanidipine + enalapril and amlodipine + enalapril combinations on renal parameters in hypertensive subjects.
  
  
  
  This was a 1 year, prospective, multi-center, randomized, open-label, blinded-endpoint (PROBE) study in hypertensive patients with albuminuria.
  
  
  
  Renal function (albuminuria, serum creatinine, creatinine clearance, estimated glomerular filtration rate and proteinuria); blood pressure.
  
  
  
  Albuminuria was significantly reduced, compared with baseline values, with the lercanidipine + enalapril combination over the entire study period; at month 3, month 6 and month 12, changes from baseline were: -162.5 (p-value = 0.0439), -425.8 (p-value = 0.0010), -329.0 (p-value = 0.0011) mg/24 h), respectively. On the other hand, this improvement was not observed with enalapril + amlodipine. Other parameters of renal function such as serum creatinine, creatinine clearance, estimated glomerular filtration rate and proteinuria did not change over the study. Both lercanidipine + enalapril and amlodipine + enalapril significantly reduced systolic and diastolic blood pressure values from baseline all over the study period with no significant differences between groups. Safety outcomes were comparable between the two groups.
  
  
  
  Overall, the results of this explorative study lend support to the anti-albuminuric effect of the lercanidipine + enalapril combination and to the long term renal-protective effects of this combination in patients with hypertension.
authors: a Universidad de Salamanca (SP) School of Medicine , Badajoz , Spain.
authors: Nicolas Roberto
authors: NR
authors: Robles
authors: b Complejo Hospitalario Universitario de Santiago de Compostela , Santiago de Compostela , Spain.
authors: Carlos
authors: C
authors: Calvo
authors: c Hospital del Esperit Sant, Santa Coloma de Gramanet , Barcelona , Spain.
authors: Javier
authors: J
authors: Sobrino
authors: d Hospital Vall de Hebron , Barcelona , Spain.
authors: Eugenia
authors: E
authors: Espinel
authors: e Hosp. Virgen de las Nieves , Granada , Spain.
authors: Rafael
authors: R
authors: Esteban
authors: f Juan F Macias. Hospital Clínico Universitario de Salamanca , Salamanca , Spain.
authors: Lourdes
authors: L
authors: Mateos
authors: f Juan F Macias. Hospital Clínico Universitario de Salamanca , Salamanca , Spain.
authors: Juan F
authors: JF
authors: Macias
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000419:Albuminuria / Q000188:drug therapy*; D017311:Amlodipine / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D000959:Antihypertensive Agents / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D001794:Blood Pressure / Q000187:drug effects; D004095:Dihydropyridines / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D004311:Double-Blind Method; D004656:Enalapril / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D006973:Hypertension / Q000150:complications / Q000188:drug therapy*; D007668:Kidney / Q000187:drug effects; D007674:Kidney Diseases / Q000188:drug therapy; D007677:Kidney Function Tests; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011446:Prospective Studies
chemical_list: D000959:Antihypertensive Agents; D004095:Dihydropyridines; D017311:Amlodipine; D004656:Enalapril; C060343:lercanidipine
keywords: Albuminuria; Amlodipine; Combination therapy; Enalapril; Lercanidipine; Renal function