title: Reversible Posterior Leukoencephalopathy Syndrome Developing After Restart of Sunitinib Therapy for Metastatic Renal Cell Carcinoma.
abstract: A 64-year-old Japanese man had started molecular-targeted therapy with sunitinib for lymph node metastasis 5 years after nephrectomy for left renal cell carcinoma (clear cell carcinoma, G2, pT2N0M0). He was transported to our emergency department because of generalized tonic-clonic seizure, vision loss, and impaired consciousness with acute hypertension after 8 cycles of treatment (2 years after the initiation of sunitinib therapy, including a drug withdrawal period for one year). MRI of the brain (FLAIR images) showed multiple high-intensity lesions in the white matter of the occipital and cerebellar lobes, dorsal brain stem, and left thalamus. Reversible posterior leukoencephalopathy syndrome caused by sunitinib was suspected. In addition to the immediate discontinuation of sunitinib therapy, the administration of antihypertensive agents and anticonvulsants improved the clinical symptoms without neurological damage. Physicians should be aware that sunitinib causes reversible posterior leukoencephalopathy syndrome. The early recognition of reversible posterior leukoencephalopathy syndrome is critical to avoid irreversible neurological damage.
authors: Department of Urology, Nara Prefecture General Medical Center, 1-30-1 Hiramatsu, Nara, Nara 631-0846, Japan.
authors: Shinji
authors: 0000-0002-1920-6303
authors: S
authors: Fukui
authors: Department of Urology, Nara Prefecture General Medical Center, 1-30-1 Hiramatsu, Nara, Nara 631-0846, Japan.
authors: Yuta
authors: Y
authors: Toyoshima
authors: Department of Urology, Nara Prefecture General Medical Center, 1-30-1 Hiramatsu, Nara, Nara 631-0846, Japan.
authors: Takeshi
authors: T
authors: Inoue
authors: Department of Urology, Nara Prefecture General Medical Center, 1-30-1 Hiramatsu, Nara, Nara 631-0846, Japan.
authors: Yoriaki
authors: Y
authors: Kagebayashi
authors: Department of Urology, Nara Prefecture General Medical Center, 1-30-1 Hiramatsu, Nara, Nara 631-0846, Japan.
authors: Shoji
authors: S
authors: Samma