title: Testing the alleged superiority of the indulgent parenting style among Spanish adolescents.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  While international studies have reported the superiority of the authoritative style (which combines parental involvement with demandingness), some studies in Spain and in other countries have found that the indulgent style (involvement without demandingness) might be just as good or even better. This study aims to discern whether the differences are cultural or methodological.
  
  
  METHODS
  306 adolescents from high schools in Madrid and Valencia (Spain) answered a questionnaire that included two parenting style instruments (SOC-30 and PSI), together with a self-esteem scale (AF5) and a question on academic performance.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Concordance between the two instruments assessing parenting styles was poor. When associating parenting styles (according to the SOC-30) with outcomes (self-esteem and academic achievement), results were similar to previous studies in Spain. But if we use the PSI, results were similar to studies in Anglophone countries: the authoritative style achieved the best outcomes.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The discrepancies found between studies carried out in Spain and in Anglophone countries do not seem to be due to differences between cultures, but to methodological differences (i.e., differences between the instruments used). If we use the same instruments that were used in Anglophone countries, the most effective parenting style is still the authoritative.
authors: University of Navarra.
authors: Alfonso
authors: A
authors: Osorio
authors: Marta
authors: M
authors: González-Cámara
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D016487:Parenting; D057566:Self Report; D013030:Spain