title: Case-Control Study: Smoking History Affects the Production of Tumor Antigen-Specific Antibodies NY-ESO-1 in Patients with Lung Cancer in Comparison with Cancer Disease-Free Group.
abstract: Lung cancer is the leading cause of cancer mortality worldwide; therefore, understanding the biological or clinical role of tumor-associated antigens and autoantibodies is of eminent interest for designing antitumor immunotherapeutic strategies.
  
  
  
  Here we prospectively analyzed the serum frequencies of New York esophageal squamous cell carcinoma 1 (NY-ESO-1), human epidermal growth factor 2/neu, and melanoma-associated antigen A4 (MAGE-A4) antibodies and expression of the corresponding antigens in tumors of 121 patients with NSCLC undergoing an operation without prior neoadjuvant chemotherapy and compared them with those in 57 control age-matched patients with no history of a malignant disease.
  
  
  
  We found that only antibodies specific for NY-ESO-1 (19.8% [n = 24 of 121]) were significantly increased in the group of patients with NSCLC compared with in the controls. NY-ESO-1 seropositivity was significantly positively associated with an active smoking history in patients with NSCLC but not in smokers from the control group. In tumors, the frequency of NY-ESO-1 mRNA expression was 6.3% (in four of 64 patients), the frequency of human epidermal growth factor 2/neu (HER 2/neu) expression was 11.9% (five of 42), and the frequency of MAGE-A4 expression was 35.1% (20 of 57). MAGE-A4 expression in tumors correlated with smoking status and male sex in patients with NSCLC. Patients with squamous cell carcinoma displayed higher expression of NY-ESO-1 and MAGE-A4 in tumors than did patients with adenocarcinoma. On the other hand, 94.7% of nonsmoking patients in our study had adenocarcinoma (of whom 73.7% were women).
  
  
  
  These results confirm the reported high immunogenicity of NY-ESO-1 and suggest that a smoking-induced chronic inflammatory state might potentiate the development of NY-ESO-1-specific immune responses. Moreover, smoking might contribute to the expression of other cancer/testis antigens such as MAGE-A4 at early stages of NSCLC development.
authors: Thoracic and Lung Transplantation Division, Third Department of Surgery, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University in Prague and University Hospital Motol, Prague, Czech Republic. Electronic address: dagmar.mysikova@fnmotol.cz.
authors: Dagmar
authors: D
authors: Myšíková
authors: Department of Immunology, Second Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Motol, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic; Sotio a.s., Prague, Czech Republic.
authors: Irena
authors: I
authors: Adkins
authors: Department of Immunology, Second Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Motol, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic; Sotio a.s., Prague, Czech Republic.
authors: Nad'a
authors: N
authors: Hradilová
authors: Department of Immunology, Second Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Motol, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic; Sotio a.s., Prague, Czech Republic.
authors: Ondřej
authors: O
authors: Palata
authors: Thoracic and Lung Transplantation Division, Third Department of Surgery, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University in Prague and University Hospital Motol, Prague, Czech Republic.
authors: Jan
authors: J
authors: Šimonek
authors: Thoracic and Lung Transplantation Division, Third Department of Surgery, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University in Prague and University Hospital Motol, Prague, Czech Republic.
authors: Jiří
authors: J
authors: Pozniak
authors: Thoracic and Lung Transplantation Division, Third Department of Surgery, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University in Prague and University Hospital Motol, Prague, Czech Republic.
authors: Jan
authors: J
authors: Kolařík
authors: Department of Immunology, Second Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Motol, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic; Sotio a.s., Prague, Czech Republic.
authors: Anna
authors: A
authors: Skallová-Fialová
authors: Department of Immunology, Second Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Motol, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic; Sotio a.s., Prague, Czech Republic.
authors: Radek
authors: R
authors: Špíšek
authors: Thoracic and Lung Transplantation Division, Third Department of Surgery, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University in Prague and University Hospital Motol, Prague, Czech Republic.
authors: Robert
authors: R
authors: Lischke
mesh_terms: D000230:Adenocarcinoma / Q000097:blood / Q000209:etiology / Q000473:pathology; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000951:Antigens, Neoplasm / Q000097:blood* / Q000276:immunology; D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor / Q000097:blood*; D002289:Carcinoma, Non-Small-Cell Lung / Q000097:blood* / Q000209:etiology / Q000473:pathology; D002294:Carcinoma, Squamous Cell / Q000097:blood / Q000209:etiology / Q000473:pathology; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D008175:Lung Neoplasms / Q000097:blood* / Q000209:etiology / Q000473:pathology; D008297:Male; D008565:Membrane Proteins / Q000097:blood* / Q000276:immunology; D008875:Middle Aged; D009363:Neoplasm Proteins / Q000097:blood*; D009367:Neoplasm Staging; D011379:Prognosis; D011446:Prospective Studies; D018719:Erb-b2 Receptor Tyrosine Kinases / Q000097:blood*; D012907:Smoking / Q000009:adverse effects*
chemical_list: D000951:Antigens, Neoplasm; D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor; D008565:Membrane Proteins; D009363:Neoplasm Proteins; D018719:Erb-b2 Receptor Tyrosine Kinases; C104948:CTAG1B protein, human; C095204:MAGEA4 protein, human; C508053:ERBB2 protein, human
keywords: MAGE-A4 autoantibodies; NSCLC; NY-ESO-1; Smoking; Tumor antigens