title: Tissue-specific bioconcentration and biotransformation of cypermethrin and chlorpyrifos in a native fish (Jenynsia multidentata) exposed to these insecticides singly and in mixtures.
abstract: The aim of the present study was to evaluate the accumulation of cypermethrin and chlorpyrifos when the fish Jenynsia multidentata was exposed to these pesticides singly and in technical and commercial mixtures. Adult female fish were exposed over 96 h to 0.04 μg/L of cypermethrin; 0.4 μg/L of chlorpyrifos; 0.04 μg/L of cypermethrin + 0.4 μg/L of chlorpyrifos in a technical mixture; and 0.04 μg/L of cypermethrin + 0.4 μg/L of chlorpyrifos in a mixture of commercial products. Fish exposed to cypermethrin accumulated this compound only in muscle, probably because of the low biotransformation capacity of this organ and the induction of cytochrome P4501A1 (CYP1A1) expression in the liver. The accumulation of chlorpyrifos occurred in fish exposed to the insecticide (intestine > liver > gills) even when these fish had higher gluthatione-S-transferase (GST) activity in gills and P-glycoprotein (P-gp) expression in the liver, compared with the control. Fish exposed to the technical mixture showed cypermethrin accumulation (liver > intestine > gills) with higher levels than those measured in fish after only cypermethrin exposure. Higher expression levels of CYP1A1 in the liver were also observed compared with the Control. Fish exposed to the commercial mixture accumulated both insecticides (cypermethrin: intestine > gills and chlorpyrifos: liver > intestine > gills > muscle). In the organs where accumulation occurred, biotransformation enzymes were inhibited. Consequently, the commercial formulation exposure provoked the highest accumulation of cypermethrin and chlorpyrifos in J. multidentata, possibly associated with the biotransformation system inhibition. Environ Toxicol Chem 2017;36:1764-1774. © 2016 SETAC.
authors: Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Córdoba, Argentina.|Centro de Investigaciones en Bioquímica e Inmunología, CONICET, Córdoba, Argentina.
authors: Rocío Inés
authors: RI
authors: Bonansea
authors: Centro de Investigaciones del Medio Ambiente, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Universidad Nacional de La Plata, La Plata, Argentina.
authors: Damián J G
authors: DJG
authors: Marino
authors: Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Córdoba, Argentina.|Centro de Investigaciones en Bioquímica e Inmunología, CONICET, Córdoba, Argentina.
authors: Lidwina
authors: L
authors: Bertrand
authors: Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Córdoba, Argentina.|Instituto de Ciencia y Tecnología de Alimentos Córdoba, CONICET, Córdoba, Argentina.
authors: Daniel A
authors: DA
authors: Wunderlin
authors: Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Córdoba, Argentina.|Centro de Investigaciones en Bioquímica e Inmunología, CONICET, Córdoba, Argentina.
authors: María Valeria
authors: MV
authors: Amé
mesh_terms: D020168:ATP Binding Cassette Transporter, Subfamily B, Member 1 / Q000378:metabolism; D000818:Animals; D001711:Biotransformation; D004390:Chlorpyrifos / Q000032:analysis / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000633:toxicity; D002851:Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; D003532:Cyprinodontiformes / Q000378:metabolism*; D019363:Cytochrome P-450 CYP1A1 / Q000378:metabolism; D005260:Female; D005880:Gills / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D005982:Glutathione Transferase / Q000378:metabolism; D007306:Insecticides / Q000032:analysis / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000633:toxicity; D007413:Intestinal Mucosa / Q000378:metabolism; D007422:Intestines / Q000187:drug effects; D008099:Liver / Q000187:drug effects / Q000201:enzymology / Q000378:metabolism; D009132:Muscles / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D011722:Pyrethrins / Q000032:analysis / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000633:toxicity; D021241:Spectrometry, Mass, Electrospray Ionization; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical / Q000032:analysis / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000633:toxicity
chemical_list: D020168:ATP Binding Cassette Transporter, Subfamily B, Member 1; D007306:Insecticides; D011722:Pyrethrins; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical; C017160:cypermethrin; D019363:Cytochrome P-450 CYP1A1; D005982:Glutathione Transferase; D004390:Chlorpyrifos
keywords: Gas chromatography electron capture detector; High-performance liquid chromatography electrospray ionization source quadrupole time-of-flight analyzer; Metabolism; Mixtures; Tissue distribution