title: Association between Social Network Characteristics and Lifestyle Behaviours in Adults at Risk of Diabetes and Cardiovascular Disease.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  In this exploratory study we examined the associations between several social network characteristics and lifestyle behaviours in adults at increased risk of diabetes and cardiovascular diseases. In addition, we explored whether similarities in lifestyle between individuals and their network members, or the level of social support perceived by these individuals, could explain these associations.
  
  
  METHODS
  From the control group of the Hoorn Prevention Study, participants with high and low educational attainment were approached for a structured interview between April and August 2010. Inclusion was stopped when fifty adults agreed to participate. Participants and a selection of their network members (e.g. spouses, best friends, neighbours, colleagues) completed a questionnaire on healthy lifestyle that included questions on fruit and vegetable intake, daily physical activity and leisure-time sedentary behaviour. We first examined associations between network characteristics and lifestyle using regression analyses. Second, we assessed associations between network characteristics and social support, social support and lifestyle, and compared the participants' lifestyles to those of their network members using concordance correlation coefficients.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Fifty adults (50/83 x 100 = 62% response) and 170 of their network members (170/192 x 100 = 89% response) participated in the study. Individuals with more close-knit relationships, more friends who live nearby, and a larger and denser network showed higher levels of vegetable consumption and physical activity, and lower levels of sedentary behaviour. Perceived social norms or perceived support for behavioural change were not related to healthy lifestyle. Except for spousal concordance for vegetable intake, the lifestyle of individuals and their network members were not alike.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Study results suggest that adults with a larger and denser social network have a healthier lifestyle. Underlying mechanisms for these associations should be further explored, as the current results suggest a minimal role for social support and modelling by network members.
authors: Department of General Practice and Elderly Care, EMGO Institute for Health and Care Research, VU Medical Centre Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands.
authors: Sandra D
authors: SD
authors: Bot
authors: Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, EMGO Institute for Health and Care Research, VU Medical Centre Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands.
authors: Joreintje D
authors: JD
authors: Mackenbach
authors: Department of General Practice and Elderly Care, EMGO Institute for Health and Care Research, VU Medical Centre Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands.
authors: Giel
authors: G
authors: Nijpels
authors: Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, EMGO Institute for Health and Care Research, VU Medical Centre Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands.
authors: Jeroen
authors: J
authors: Lakerveld
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D002318:Cardiovascular Diseases / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000209:etiology*; D003920:Diabetes Mellitus / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000209:etiology*; D015444:Exercise; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008019:Life Style; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D012306:Risk; D012307:Risk Factors; D060756:Social Networking; D012944:Social Support; D012959:Socioeconomic Factors; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires