title: A Study of the Feasibility of FDG-PET/CT to Systematically Detect and Quantify Differential Metabolic Effects of Chronic Tobacco Use in Organs of the Whole Body-A Prospective Pilot Study.
abstract: The aim of this study was to assess the feasibility of18F-fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG)-positron emission tomography/computed tomography (PET/CT) to systematically detect and quantify differential effects of chronic tobacco use in organs of the whole body.
  
  
  
  Twenty healthy male subjects (10 nonsmokers and 10 chronic heavy smokers) were enrolled. Subjects underwent whole-body FDG-PET/CT, diagnostic unenhanced chest CT, mini-mental state examination, urine testing for oxidative stress, and serum testing. The organs of interest (thyroid, skin, skeletal muscle, aorta, heart, lung, adipose tissue, liver, spleen, brain, lumbar spinal bone marrow, and testis) were analyzed on FDG-PET/CT images to determine their metabolic activities using standardized uptake value (SUV) or metabolic volumetric product (MVP). Measurements were compared between subject groups using two-sample t tests or Wilcoxon rank-sum tests as determined by tests for normality. Correlational analyses were also performed.
  
  
  
  FDG-PET/CT revealed significantly decreased metabolic activity of lumbar spinal bone marrow (MVPmean: 29.8 ± 9.7 cc vs 40.8 ± 11.6 cc, P = 0.03) and liver (SUVmean: 1.8 ± 0.2 vs 2.0 ± 0.2, P = 0.049) and increased metabolic activity of visceral adipose tissue (SUVmean: 0.35 ± 0.10 vs 0.26 ± 0.06, P = 0.02) in chronic smokers compared to nonsmokers. Normalized visceral adipose tissue volume was also significantly decreased (P = 0.04) in chronic smokers. There were no statistically significant differences in the metabolic activity of other assessed organs.
  
  
  
  Subclinical organ effects of chronic tobacco use are detectable and quantifiable on FDG-PET/CT. FDG-PET/CT may, therefore, play a major role in the study of systemic toxic effects of tobacco use in organs of the whole body for clinical or research purposes.
authors: Department of Radiology, Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104. Electronic address: Drew.Torigian@uphs.upenn.edu.
authors: Drew A
authors: DA
authors: Torigian
authors: Department of Emergency Medicine, Division of Occupational Medicine, Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.
authors: Judith
authors: J
authors: Green-McKenzie
authors: Department of Emergency Medicine, Division of Occupational Medicine, Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.
authors: Xianling
authors: X
authors: Liu
authors: Department of Emergency Medicine, Division of Occupational Medicine, Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.
authors: Frances S
authors: FS
authors: Shofer
authors: Department of Radiology, Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104.
authors: Thomas
authors: T
authors: Werner
authors: Department of Radiology, Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104.
authors: Catherine E
authors: CE
authors: Smith
authors: Department of Psychiatry, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.
authors: Andrew A
authors: AA
authors: Strasser
authors: Department of Radiology, Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104.
authors: Mateen C
authors: MC
authors: Moghbel
authors: Department of Radiology, Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104.
authors: Ami H
authors: AH
authors: Parekh
authors: Department of Radiology, Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104.
authors: Grace
authors: G
authors: Choi
authors: Department of Radiology, Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104.
authors: Marcus D
authors: MD
authors: Goncalves
authors: Department of Radiology, Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104.
authors: Natalie
authors: N
authors: Spaccarelli
authors: Department of Radiology, Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104.
authors: Saied
authors: S
authors: Gholami
authors: Department of Radiology, Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104.
authors: Prithvi S
authors: PS
authors: Kumar
authors: Department of Radiology, Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104.
authors: Yubing
authors: Y
authors: Tong
authors: Department of Radiology, Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104.
authors: Jayaram K
authors: JK
authors: Udupa
authors: Penn Superfund and Research Training Program (SRP) and Center of Excellence in Environmental Toxicology, Department of Systems Pharmacology and Translational Therapeutics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.
authors: Clementina
authors: C
authors: Mesaros
authors: Department of Radiology, Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104.
authors: Abass
authors: A
authors: Alavi
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001011:Aorta / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000378:metabolism; D001853:Bone Marrow / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000378:metabolism; D001921:Brain / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000378:metabolism; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D000073865:Cigarette Smoking / Q000378:metabolism*; D005240:Feasibility Studies; D019788:Fluorodeoxyglucose F18; D006321:Heart / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D006801:Humans; D050152:Intra-Abdominal Fat / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000378:metabolism; D008099:Liver / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000378:metabolism; D008168:Lung / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000378:metabolism; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D018482:Muscle, Skeletal / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000378:metabolism; D009206:Myocardium / Q000378:metabolism; D010865:Pilot Projects; D000072078:Positron Emission Tomography Computed Tomography; D011446:Prospective Studies; D019275:Radiopharmaceuticals; D012867:Skin / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000378:metabolism; D013154:Spleen / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000378:metabolism; D013737:Testis / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000378:metabolism; D013961:Thyroid Gland / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D019275:Radiopharmaceuticals; D019788:Fluorodeoxyglucose F18
keywords: CT; Fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG); inflammation; metabolism; positron emission tomography/computed tomography (PET/CT); smoking; tobacco use