title: Dynamic change of surface microbiota with different environmental cleaning methods between two wards in a hospital.
abstract: Terminal disinfection and daily cleaning have been performed in hospitals in Taiwan for many years to reduce the risks of healthcare-associated infections. However, the effectiveness of these cleaning approaches and dynamic changes of surface microbiota upon cleaning remain unclear. Here, we report the surface changes of bacterial communities with terminal disinfection and daily cleaning in a medical intensive care unit (MICU) and only terminal disinfection in a respiratory care center (RCC) using 16s ribosomal RNA (rRNA) metagenomics. A total of 36 samples, including 9 samples per sampling time, from each ward were analysed. The clinical isolates were recorded during the sampling time. A large amount of microbial diversity was detected, and human skin microbiota (HSM) was predominant in both wards. In addition, the colonization rate of the HSM in the MICU was higher than that in the RCC, especially for Moraxellaceae. A higher alpha-diversity (p = 0.005519) and a lower UniFrac distance was shown in the RCC due to the lack of daily cleaning. Moreover, a significantly higher abundance among Acinetobacter sp., Streptococcus sp. and Pseudomonas sp. was shown in the RCC compared to the MICU using the paired t test. We concluded that cleaning changes might contribute to the difference in diversity between two wards.
authors: Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Changhua Christian Hospital, Changhua City, Taiwan.|Center for Infectious Diseases Research, Changhua Christian Hospital, Changhua City, Taiwan.|Department of Nursing, College of Medicine & Nursing, Hung Kuang University, Taichung County, Taiwan.
authors: Chang-Hua
authors: CH
authors: Chen
authors: Department of Laboratory Medicine, Keelung Hospital, Minister of Health and Welfare, Keelung City, Taiwan.|Department of Medical Laboratory Science and Biotechnology, Yuanpei University, No. 306, Yuanpei Street, Hsin-Chu, 30015, Taiwan.
authors: Chi-Chao
authors: CC
authors: Tu
authors: Department of Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital Hsin-Chu Branch, Hsin-Chu, Taiwan.
authors: Han-Yueh
authors: HY
authors: Kuo
authors: Department of Medical Laboratory Science and Biotechnology, Yuanpei University, No. 306, Yuanpei Street, Hsin-Chu, 30015, Taiwan.
authors: Rong-Fong
authors: RF
authors: Zeng
authors: Institute of Statistics, National Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu, Taiwan.
authors: Cheng-Sheng
authors: CS
authors: Yu
authors: Institute of Statistics, National Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu, Taiwan.
authors: Henry Horng-Shing
authors: HH
authors: Lu
authors: Department of Medical Laboratory Science and Biotechnology, Yuanpei University, No. 306, Yuanpei Street, Hsin-Chu, 30015, Taiwan. d918229@gmail.com.
authors: Ming-Li
authors: ML
authors: Liou
mesh_terms: D001419:Bacteria / Q000145:classification* / Q000235:genetics / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D016000:Cluster Analysis; D004269:DNA, Bacterial / Q000737:chemistry / Q000235:genetics; D004275:DNA, Ribosomal / Q000737:chemistry / Q000235:genetics; D004203:Disinfection / Q000379:methods*; D004783:Environmental Microbiology; D006761:Hospitals; D006797:Housekeeping, Hospital / Q000379:methods*; D006801:Humans; D007362:Intensive Care Units; D056186:Metagenomics; D010802:Phylogeny; D012336:RNA, Ribosomal, 16S / Q000235:genetics; D017422:Sequence Analysis, DNA; D013624:Taiwan
chemical_list: D004269:DNA, Bacterial; D004275:DNA, Ribosomal; D012336:RNA, Ribosomal, 16S
keywords: 16S rRNA metagenomics; Acinetobacter; Environmental cleaning methods; Healthcare-associated infection; Medical intensive care unit; Respiratory care centre