title: Effect of topical ophthalmic latanoprost 0.005% solution alone and in combination with diclofenac 0.1% solution in healthy horses: a pilot study.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate the effect of topical ophthalmic 0.005% latanoprost alone and in combination with 0.1% diclofenac on healthy horses.
  
  
  METHODS
  Twelve healthy adult horses.
  
  
  METHODS
  A randomized, masked crossover design was used with horses divided into three groups for once daily treatment in one randomly selected eye. For arm 1 of the study, Group D (n = 3) received 0.1% diclofenac, Group L (n = 3) received 0.005% latanoprost, and Group DL (n = 6) received 0.005% latanoprost and 0.2 ml of 0.1% diclofenac. For arm 2 of the study, horses from Group D and L were placed into Group DL and horses from Group DL were placed into either Group D or L. Evaluations of intraocular pressure (IOP), vertical pupil diameter, aqueous flare, conjunctival hyperemia, epiphora, blepharospasm, and blepharoedema were performed 4 times daily on days 1 and 2 (baseline), days 3 to 7 (arm 1 treatment), days 8 to 11 (washout), days 12 to 16 (arm 2 treatment), and days 17 and 18 (return to baseline).
  
  
  RESULTS
  During the treatment period, significant reduction in IOP and vertical pupil diameter occurred in treated eyes of Groups L and DL, but not Group D. These variables did not differ significantly between Groups L and DL. Blepharospasm, blepharoedema, epiphora, and conjunctival hyperemia scores were significantly higher in Group L than in Groups D and DL.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Latanoprost reduced IOP in healthy horses and signs of drug-induced discomfort were mitigated by concurrent use of diclofenac.
authors: Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, Iowa State University College of Veterinary Medicine, Ames, Iowa, 50011, USA.
authors: Kyle
authors: K
authors: Tofflemire
authors: Pathogenesis, LLC, Gainesville, FL, 32614, USA.
authors: Elizabeth M
authors: EM
authors: Whitley
authors: Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, Iowa State University College of Veterinary Medicine, Ames, Iowa, 50011, USA.
authors: Rachel
authors: R
authors: Allbaugh
authors: Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, Iowa State University College of Veterinary Medicine, Ames, Iowa, 50011, USA.
authors: Gil
authors: G
authors: Ben-Shlomo
authors: Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, Iowa State University College of Veterinary Medicine, Ames, Iowa, 50011, USA.
authors: Angela
authors: A
authors: Griggs
authors: Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, Iowa State University College of Veterinary Medicine, Ames, Iowa, 50011, USA.
authors: Travis
authors: T
authors: Strong
authors: Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, Iowa State University College of Veterinary Medicine, Ames, Iowa, 50011, USA.
authors: R David
authors: RD
authors: Whitley
mesh_terms: D000287:Administration, Topical; D000818:Animals; D000959:Antihypertensive Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology*; D004008:Diclofenac / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology*; D004311:Double-Blind Method; D004359:Drug Therapy, Combination / Q000662:veterinary; D006736:Horses; D007429:Intraocular Pressure / Q000187:drug effects*; D000077338:Latanoprost; D009883:Ophthalmic Solutions / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology*; D010865:Pilot Projects; D011461:Prostaglandins F, Synthetic / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology*; D011680:Pupil / Q000187:drug effects
chemical_list: D000959:Antihypertensive Agents; D009883:Ophthalmic Solutions; D011461:Prostaglandins F, Synthetic; D004008:Diclofenac; D000077338:Latanoprost
keywords: NSAID; glaucoma; intraocular pressure; miosis; prostaglandin; uveitis