title: Anthropometric measurements of newborns of women who smoke waterpipe during pregnancy: a comparative retrospective design.
abstract: Waterpipe tobacco smoking carries adverse health consequences due to high level of chemical toxicants. This study investigated the anthropometric measurements of singleton newborns of Jordanian women with no known chronic diseases who smoked waterpipe during pregnancy, and the difference in these measurements in newborns of pregnant women who smoked waterpipe, cigarettes, both types, and none during pregnancy. The study also investigated the pattern of different types of tobacco smoking as a function of pregnancy trimester. A descriptive, comparative, retrospective, cross-sectional design was used. Two hundred and eight-five women (74 waterpipe, 84 cigarettes, 26 dual, 101 none) and their newborns were recruited from three hospitals. A questionnaire was used while interviewing mothers to assess tobacco smoking pattern. The results showed that compared with non-smokers, mean birth weight was 0.47 kg (95%CI = -0.70 to -0.35) lower for waterpipe-only smokers, 0.23 kg (95%CI = -0.41 to -0.8) lower for cigarette-only users, and 0.59 kg (95%CI = -0.81 to -0.31) lower for dual users. Compared to non-smokers, mean newborn length was 2.7 cm (95%CI = -3.80 to -1.42) lower for dual smokers, 2.2 cm (95%CI = -3.28 to -1.58) lower for waterpipe smokers, and 1.2 cm (95%CI = -2.01 to -0.45) lower for cigarette smokers. Compared with non-smokers, mean newborn head circumference was 1.9 cm (95%CI = -2.72 to -1.65) lower for waterpipe smokers, 1.7 cm (95%CI = -2.65 to -1.16) lower for dual smokers, and 0.8 cm (95%CI= -1.34 to -0.36) lower for cigarette smokers. From these results, we may conclude that waterpipe tobacco smoking during pregnancy can contribute to a reduction in newborn's anthropometric measurements. Increasing awareness of waterpipe tobacco smoking adverse effects and developing cessation interventions in pregnancy is needed.
authors: a Department Maternal and Child Health , Faculty of Nursing, Jordan University of Science and Technology , Irbid , Jordan.
authors: Nihaya A
authors: NA
authors: Al-Sheyab
authors: b Department of Neonatal Intensive Care Unit , Prince Bade'ah Teaching Hospital , Irbid , Jordan.
authors: Rawa A
authors: RA
authors: Al-Fuqha
authors: c Department of Public Health , Faculty of Medicine, Jordan University of Science and Technology , Irbid , Jordan.
authors: Khalid A
authors: KA
authors: Kheirallah
authors: d Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences , Jordan University of Science and Technology , Irbid , Jordan.|e Department of Biology , Faculty of Science, Taibah University , Medina , Saudi Arabia , and.
authors: Omar F
authors: OF
authors: Khabour
authors: f Department of Clinical Pharmacy , Faculty of Pharmacy, Jordan University of Science and Technology , Irbid , Jordan.
authors: Karem H
authors: KH
authors: Alzoubi
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D049628:Body Size; D001835:Body Weight; D000073865:Cigarette Smoking / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000453:epidemiology; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D007597:Jordan / Q000453:epidemiology; D018811:Maternal Exposure / Q000009:adverse effects*; D011247:Pregnancy; D011264:Pregnancy Trimesters; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D000073867:Water Pipe Smoking / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000453:epidemiology; D055815:Young Adult
keywords: anthropometric; newborn; pregnancy; tobacco use; waterpipe tobacco smoking