title: Genetic Dissection of Aversive Associative Olfactory Learning and Memory in Drosophila Larvae.
abstract: Memory formation is a highly complex and dynamic process. It consists of different phases, which depend on various neuronal and molecular mechanisms. In adult Drosophila it was shown that memory formation after aversive Pavlovian conditioning includes-besides other forms-a labile short-term component that consolidates within hours to a longer-lasting memory. Accordingly, memory formation requires the timely controlled action of different neuronal circuits, neurotransmitters, neuromodulators and molecules that were initially identified by classical forward genetic approaches. Compared to adult Drosophila, memory formation was only sporadically analyzed at its larval stage. Here we deconstruct the larval mnemonic organization after aversive olfactory conditioning. We show that after odor-high salt conditioning larvae form two parallel memory phases; a short lasting component that depends on cyclic adenosine 3'5'-monophosphate (cAMP) signaling and synapsin gene function. In addition, we show for the first time for Drosophila larvae an anesthesia resistant component, which relies on radish and bruchpilot gene function, protein kinase C activity, requires presynaptic output of mushroom body Kenyon cells and dopamine function. Given the numerical simplicity of the larval nervous system this work offers a unique prospect for studying memory formation of defined specifications, at full-brain scope with single-cell, and single-synapse resolution.
authors: Department of Biology, University of Konstanz, Germany.
authors: Annekathrin
authors: A
authors: Widmann
authors: Department of Biology, University of Konstanz, Germany.
authors: Marc
authors: M
authors: Artinger
authors: Department of Biology, University of Konstanz, Germany.
authors: Lukas
authors: L
authors: Biesinger
authors: Department of Biology, University of Konstanz, Germany.
authors: Kathrin
authors: K
authors: Boepple
authors: Department of Biology, University of Konstanz, Germany.
authors: Christina
authors: http://orcid.org/0000-0003-0280-2237
authors: C
authors: Peters
authors: Department of Biology, University of Konstanz, Germany.
authors: Jana
authors: J
authors: Schlechter
authors: Department of Neurobiology and Genetics, Theodor-Boveri-Institute, Biocenter, University of Würzburg, Germany.
authors: Mareike
authors: M
authors: Selcho
authors: Department of Biology, University of Konstanz, Germany.|Zukunftskolleg, University of Konstanz, Germany.
authors: Andreas S
authors: AS
authors: Thum
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D030801:Animals, Genetically Modified; D001522:Behavior, Animal / Q000502:physiology; D003214:Conditioning, Classical / Q000502:physiology; D000242:Cyclic AMP; D004298:Dopamine / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D004331:Drosophila melanogaster / Q000235:genetics / Q000502:physiology; D007814:Larva / Q000235:genetics / Q000502:physiology; D007858:Learning / Q000502:physiology*; D008568:Memory / Q000502:physiology*; D024521:Mushroom Bodies / Q000254:growth & development / Q000378:metabolism; D009474:Neurons / Q000378:metabolism; D009812:Odorants; D014176:Protein Biosynthesis / Q000235:genetics; D011493:Protein Kinase C / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000235:genetics; D012903:Smell / Q000235:genetics* / Q000502:physiology; D013569:Synapses / Q000201:enzymology / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism; D016704:Synapsins / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000235:genetics*
chemical_list: D016704:Synapsins; D000242:Cyclic AMP; D011493:Protein Kinase C; D004298:Dopamine