title: H-2g, a glucose analog of blood group H antigen, mediates monocyte recruitment in vitro and in vivo via IL-8/CXCL8.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Monocyte (MN) recruitment is an essential inflammatory component of many autoimmune diseases, including rheumatoid arthritis (RA). In this study we investigated the ability of 2-fucosyllactose (H-2g), a glucose analog of blood group H antigen to induce MN migration in vivo and determined if H-2g-induced interleukin-8 (IL-8/CXCL8) plays a role in MN ingress in RA.
  
  
  METHODS
  Sponge granuloma and intravital microscopy assays were performed to examine H-2g-induced in vivo MN migration and rolling, respectively. MNs were stimulated with H-2g, and the production of IL-8/CXCL8 was assessed by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and quantitative polymerase chain reaction. Lastly, in vitro MN migration assays and an in vivo RA synovial tissue severe combined immunodeficiency mouse model were used to determine the role of IL-8/CXCL8 in H-2g-induced MN migration.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In vivo, H-2g induced significantly greater MN migration compared to phosphate buffered saline. Intravital microscopy revealed that H-2g mediates MN migration in vivo by inducing MN rolling. In addition, H-2g induced MN production of IL-8/CXCL8, a process that was dependent on Src kinase. Moreover, we found that H-2g mediated MN migration in vitro, and in vivo migration was inhibited by a neutralizing anti-IL-8/CXCL8 antibody.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These findings suggest that H-2g mediates MN recruitment in vitro and in vivo (in part) via IL-8/CXCL8.
authors: University of Michigan Medical School, Department of Internal Medicine, Ann Arbor, MI, USA; Albion College, Biology Department, Albion, MI, USA.
authors: Bradley J
authors: BJ
authors: Rabquer
authors: University of Michigan Medical School, Department of Internal Medicine, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.
authors: Yong
authors: Y
authors: Hou
authors: University of Michigan Medical School, Department of Internal Medicine, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.
authors: Jeffrey H
authors: JH
authors: Ruth
authors: University of Michigan Medical School, Department of Internal Medicine, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.
authors: Wei
authors: W
authors: Luo
authors: University of Michigan Medical School, Department of Internal Medicine, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.
authors: Daniel T
authors: DT
authors: Eitzman
authors: VA Medical Service, Department of Veterans Affairs, Ann Arbor, MI, USA; University of Michigan Medical School, Department of Internal Medicine, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.
authors: Alisa E
authors: AE
authors: Koch
authors: University of Michigan Medical School, Department of Internal Medicine, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.
authors: Mohammad A
authors: MA
authors: Amin
keywords: chemokine; inflammation; migration; rheumatoid arthritis