title: Leukoencephalopathy with cerebral calcification and cysts: Cases report and literature review.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Leukoencephalopathy with calcifications and cysts (LCC) is a rare disease in which parenchymal cysts and calcifications within a widespread leukoencephalopathy can cause a broad spectrum of neurological symptoms. We present cases with adult LCC and discuss previously described entities in relevant literature.
  
  
  METHODS
  Two cases of adult-onset LCC confirmed by clinical presentations, typical neuroimaging and neuropathological findings are reported.
  
  
  METHODS
  A detailed search of all relevant reports published in the English language between 1996 and 2015 via PubMed (http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed) was performed, with "Leukoencephalopathy", "cerebral calcifications" and "cysts" as keywords. Including the current cases, we summarized the clinical presentations, neuroimaging features, biopsy features, and genetic features of 38 LCC patients.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our findings suggested that LCC could be diagnosed by clinical presentations, neuroimaging and gene detection, and biopsy might not be necessary. Therefore, we propose a diagnostic flow chart for neuroimaging in leukoencephalopathy, cerebral calcifications and cysts.
authors: Department of Geriatric Neurology, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100853, China.
authors: Miao
authors: M
authors: Wang
authors: Department of Neurology, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100853, China.
authors: Meichen
authors: M
authors: Zhang
authors: Department of Neurology, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100853, China.
authors: Lei
authors: L
authors: Wu
authors: Department of Neurology, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100853, China. Electronic address: dong_zhaozhao@126.com.
authors: Zhao
authors: Z
authors: Dong
authors: Department of Neurology, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100853, China. Electronic address: yusy1963@126.com.
authors: Shengyuan
authors: S
authors: Yu
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001921:Brain / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000473:pathology; D002114:Calcinosis / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000473:pathology* / Q000628:therapy; D020863:Central Nervous System Cysts / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000473:pathology* / Q000628:therapy; D003937:Diagnosis, Differential; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D056784:Leukoencephalopathies / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000473:pathology* / Q000628:therapy; D055815:Young Adult
keywords: Biopsy; Genetic analysis; Leukoencephalopathy with cerebral calcifications and cysts; Neuroimaging