title: Laboratory evaluation of a novel anaesthesia delivery device.
abstract: Here, we describe proof of concept of a novel method for delivering volatile anaesthetics, where the liquid anaesthetic (sevoflurane or isoflurane) is formulated into an emulsion that is contained in a compact, lightweight device through which carrier gas flows. Release of anaesthetic is achieved by stirring of the formulation, allowing controlled and responsive release of anaesthetic at a variety of fixed flow rates between 0.5 l.min-1and 5 l.min-1, with ventilated, non-ventilated and draw-over breathing systems. Anaesthetic release was evaluated using target anaesthetic concentrations ranging from 0.5% v/v to 8% v/v to mimic those typically required for induction and maintenance of anaesthesia, and lower concentrations suitable for sedation. Under all conditions, output could be maintained within 0.1% v/v of the intended setting, and the device could deliver a controlled level of anaesthetic for at least 60 min, with compensation for different ambient temperatures (10-30 °C) and carrier gas flow rates. This device offers a simple, inexpensive method of delivering safe concentrations of volatile anaesthetics for a wide range of applications.
authors: School of Chemistry, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK.
authors: A
authors: A
authors: Paul
authors: Department of Anaesthetics, Intensive Care and Pain Medicine, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK.
authors: J N
authors: JN
authors: Clark
authors: School of Chemistry, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK.
authors: I E
authors: IE
authors: Salama
authors: Department of Anaesthetics, Intensive Care and Pain Medicine, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK.
authors: B J
authors: BJ
authors: Jenkins
authors: Department of Anaesthetics, Cardiff and Vale UHB, University Hospital of Wales, Cardiff, UK.
authors: N
authors: N
authors: Goodwin
authors: Department of Anaesthetics, Intensive Care and Pain Medicine, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK.
authors: A R
authors: AR
authors: Wilkes
authors: Academic Department of Military Anaesthesia and Critical Care (ADMACC), Royal Centre for Defence Medicine, Birmingham, UK.
authors: P F
authors: PF
authors: Mahoney
authors: Department of Anaesthetics, Intensive Care and Pain Medicine, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK.
authors: J E
authors: JE
authors: Hall
mesh_terms: D000280:Administration, Inhalation; D000769:Anesthesia, Inhalation / Q000295:instrumentation*; D018685:Anesthetics, Inhalation / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D004334:Drug Administration Schedule; D016503:Drug Delivery Systems / Q000295:instrumentation*; D004655:Emulsions; D004867:Equipment Design; D006801:Humans; D007530:Isoflurane / Q000008:administration & dosage; D009330:Nebulizers and Vaporizers; D000075082:Proof of Concept Study; D000077149:Sevoflurane / Q000008:administration & dosage
chemical_list: D018685:Anesthetics, Inhalation; D004655:Emulsions; D000077149:Sevoflurane; D007530:Isoflurane
keywords: anaesthetic delivery device; vapouriser; volatile anaesthetic agent