title: Arteriovenous Malformations in the Pediatric Population: Review of the Existing Literature.
abstract: Arteriovenous malformations (AVMs) in the pediatric population are relatively rare but reportedly carry a higher rate of rupture than in adults. This could be due to the fact that most pediatric AVMs are only detected after rupture. We aimed to review the current literature regarding the natural history and the clinical outcome after multimodality AVM treatment in the pediatric population, as optimal management for pediatric AVMs remains controversial. A multidisciplinary approach using multimodality therapy if needed has been proved to be beneficial in approaching these lesions in all age groups. Microsurgical resection remains the gold standard for the treatment of all accessible pediatric AVMs. Embolization and radiosurgery should be considered as an adjunctive therapy. Embolization provides a useful adjunct therapy to microsurgery by preventing significant blood loss and to radiosurgery by decreasing the volume of the AVM. Radiosurgery has been described to provide an alternative treatment approach in certain circumstances either as a primary or adjuvant therapy.
authors: Department of Neurology, Pennsylvania State University, Hershey, Pa, N.Y., USA.
authors: Mohammad
authors: M
authors: El-Ghanem
authors: Department of Neurosurgery and Neuroscience, Rutgers University School of Medicine, Newark, N.J, N.Y., USA; Division of Neuro-Endovascular Surgery, Department of Surgery, Rochester Regional Health System, Rochester, N.Y., USA.
authors: Tareq
authors: T
authors: Kass-Hout
authors: Department of Neurology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Va, N.Y., USA.
authors: Omar
authors: O
authors: Kass-Hout
authors: Department of Neurosurgery and Neuroscience, Rutgers University School of Medicine, Newark, N.J, N.Y., USA.
authors: Yazan J
authors: YJ
authors: Alderazi
authors: Department of Neurosurgery and Neuroscience, Rutgers University School of Medicine, Newark, N.J, N.Y., USA.
authors: Krishna
authors: K
authors: Amuluru
authors: Department of Neurosurgery and Neuroscience, Rutgers University School of Medicine, Newark, N.J, N.Y., USA.
authors: Fawaz
authors: F
authors: Al-Mufti
authors: Department of Neurosurgery and Neuroscience, Rutgers University School of Medicine, Newark, N.J, N.Y., USA.
authors: Charles J
authors: CJ
authors: Prestigiacomo
authors: Department of Neurosurgery and Neuroscience, Rutgers University School of Medicine, Newark, N.J, N.Y., USA.
authors: Chirag D
authors: CD
authors: Gandhi
keywords: Arteriovenous malformations; Endovascular embolization; Microsurgery; Pediatrics; Stereotactic radiosurgery