title: Association of Cerebral Amyloidosis, Blood Pressure, and Neuronal Injury with Late-Life Onset Depression.
abstract: Previous literature suggests that Alzheimer's disease (AD) process may contribute to late-life onset depression (LLOD). Therefore, we investigated the association of LLOD with cerebral amyloidosis and neuronal injury, the two key brain changes in AD, along with vascular risks. Twenty nine non-demented individuals who first experienced major depressive disorder (MDD) after age of 60 years were included as LLOD subjects, and 27 non-demented elderly individuals without lifetime experience of MDD were included as normal controls (NC). Comorbid mild cognitive impairment (MCI) was diagnosed in 48% of LLOD subjects and in 0% of NC. LLOD, irrespective of comorbid MCI diagnosis, was associated with prominent prefrontal cortical atrophy. Compared to NC, LLOD subjects with comorbid MCI (LLODMCI) showed increased cerebral11C-Pittsburg compound B (PiB) retention and plasma beta-amyloid 1-40 and 1-42 peptides, as measures of cerebral amyloidosis; and, such relationship was not observed in overall LLOD or LLOD without MCI (LLODwoMCI). LLOD subjects, particularly the LLODwoMCI, had higher systolic blood pressure (SBP) than NC. When analyzed in the same multiple logistic regression model that included prefrontal gray matter (GM) density, cerebral amyloidosis, and SBP as independent variables, only prefrontal GM density showed a significant independent association with LLOD regardless of MCI comorbidity status. Our findings suggest AD process might be related to LLOD via prefrontal neuronal injury in the MCI stage, whereas vascular processes-SBP elevation, in particular-are associated with LLOD via prefrontal neuronal injury even in cognitively intact or less impaired individuals.
authors: Institute of Human Behavioral Medicine, Medical Research Center, Seoul National University Seoul, South Korea.
authors: Min Soo
authors: MS
authors: Byun
authors: Department of Neuropsychiatry, Ulsan University Hospital Ulsan, South Korea.
authors: Young Min
authors: YM
authors: Choe
authors: Department of Neuropsychiatry, Seoul Metropolitan Government-Seoul National University Boramae Medical Center Seoul, South Korea.
authors: Bo Kyung
authors: BK
authors: Sohn
authors: Institute of Human Behavioral Medicine, Medical Research Center, Seoul National University Seoul, South Korea.
authors: Dahyun
authors: D
authors: Yi
authors: Department of Neuropsychiatry, Seoul National University Hospital Seoul, South Korea.
authors: Ji Young
authors: JY
authors: Han
authors: Department of Biomedical Engineering, Hanyang University Seoul, South Korea.
authors: Jinsick
authors: J
authors: Park
authors: Department of Neuropsychiatry, Seoul National University Hospital Seoul, South Korea.
authors: Hyo Jung
authors: HJ
authors: Choi
authors: Department of Neuropsychiatry, Kyunggi Provincial Hospital for the Elderly Yongin, South Korea.
authors: Hyewon
authors: H
authors: Baek
authors: Department of Neuropsychiatry, Seoul National University Hospital Seoul, South Korea.
authors: Jun Ho
authors: JH
authors: Lee
authors: Department of Neuropsychiatry, Changsan Convalescent Hospital Changwon, South Korea.
authors: Hyun Jung
authors: HJ
authors: Kim
authors: Department of Nuclear Medicine, Seoul Metropolitan Government-Seoul National University Boramae Medical Center Seoul, South Korea.
authors: Yu Kyeong
authors: YK
authors: Kim
authors: Department of Nuclear Medicine, Seoul Metropolitan Government-Seoul National University Boramae Medical Center Seoul, South Korea.
authors: Eun Jin
authors: EJ
authors: Yoon
authors: Department of Radiology, Seoul National University Hospital Seoul, South Korea.
authors: Chul-Ho
authors: CH
authors: Sohn
authors: Department of Psychiatry, Seoul National University College of Medicine Seoul, South Korea.
authors: Jong Inn
authors: JI
authors: Woo
authors: Institute of Human Behavioral Medicine, Medical Research Center, Seoul National UniversitySeoul, South Korea; Department of Neuropsychiatry, Seoul National University HospitalSeoul, South Korea; Department of Psychiatry, Seoul National University College of MedicineSeoul, South Korea.
authors: Dong Young
authors: DY
authors: Lee
keywords: Alzheimer's disease; blood pressure; cerebral amyloidosis; late-life onset depression; neuronal injury