title: Risk factors for pulmonary arterial hypertension in children and young adults.
abstract: Pulmonary hypertension (PH) has been linked to preterm birth explained by congenital heart defects and pulmonary diseases.
  
  
  
  Other factors may influence the risk of PH among adolescences and children born premature.
  
  
  
  This national registry-based study assess risk of PH following premature birth adjusted for known risk factors.
  
  
  
  All cases born 1993-2010, identified by diagnostic codes applicable to PH and retrieved from the Swedish Registry of Congenital Heart Disease (N = 67). Six controls were randomly selected and matched to each case by year of birth and hospital by the Swedish Medical Birth Register (N = 402). Maternal and infant data related to preterm birth, pulmonary diseases, and congenital defects were retrieved. The association between preterm birth and pulmonary hypertension was calculated by conditional logistic regression taking into account potential confounding factors.
  
  
  
  One third of the cases and seven percent of the controls were born preterm in our study. Preterm birth was associated with PH, OR = 8.46 (95%CI 2.97-24.10) (P < 0.0001) even after adjusting for confounding factors. Other factors, such as acute pulmonary diseases, congenital heart defects, congenital diaphragm herniation, and chromosomal disorders were also associated with PH in the multivariate analysis.
  
  
  
  Children and young adults born preterm are known to have an increased risk of PH, previously explained by congenital heart defects and pulmonary diseases. By adjusting for such factors, our study indicates that new factors may play a role in the risk of developing PH among children born preterm. Pediatr Pulmonol. 2017;52:636-641. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
authors: Department of Clinical Science, Paediatrics, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden.|Östersund Hospital, Unit of Research, Education and Development, Östersund, Sweden.
authors: Estelle
authors: E
authors: Naumburg
authors: Östersund Hospital, Unit of Research, Education and Development, Östersund, Sweden.
authors: Lars
authors: L
authors: Söderström
authors: Östersund Hospital, Unit of Research, Education and Development, Östersund, Sweden.
authors: Daniel
authors: D
authors: Huber
authors: Östersund Hospital, Unit of Research, Education and Development, Östersund, Sweden.
authors: Inge
authors: I
authors: Axelsson
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D005260:Female; D006330:Heart Defects, Congenital / Q000150:complications* / Q000503:physiopathology; D006801:Humans; D006976:Hypertension, Pulmonary / Q000209:etiology* / Q000503:physiopathology; D007223:Infant; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D008168:Lung / Q000503:physiopathology; D008297:Male; D008423:Maternal Age; D011247:Pregnancy; D047928:Premature Birth; D012042:Registries; D012307:Risk Factors; D013548:Sweden; D055815:Young Adult
keywords: bronchopulmonary dysplasia; chronic lung disease of the newborn; congenital diaphragm herniation; preterm birth; pulmonary hypertension