title: TRAUMATIC PROLIFERATIVE VITREORETINOPATHY: Clinical and Histopathological Observations.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To determine the phases of traumatic proliferative vitreoretinopathy after open globe injury by assessing cellular components, extracellular matrix constituents of proliferative vitreoretinopathy membranes, and intraretinal changes over time.
  
  
  METHODS
  Twenty-one epiretinal and/or subretinal membrane specimens were obtained from 21 patients with open globe injuries. The patients were divided into Groups A (≤28 days), B (29-120 days), and C (>120 days) according to the interval between injury and vitrectomy. The staining intensity and percentage of positive cells in membranes were compared among the groups, and proliferative indices for Ki-67 and proliferating cell nuclear antigen were assessed. Intraretinal changes were evaluated through histology and immunohistochemistry. Fundus photography was performed during vitrectomy.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The proliferating cell nuclear antigen proliferative index was significantly higher in Group B (P = 0.002) than in Group A, and lower in Group C (P < 0.001) than in Group B. α-smooth muscle actin expression increased from day 29 to 120 after injury. Meanwhile, intraretinal gliosis and fibrosis developed.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Active proliferation and contraction in proliferative vitreoretinopathy membranes continue until 120 days after injury, and are accompanied by the initiation of intraretinal gliosis and fibrosis. These findings provide further insight into the optimal timing of vitrectomy after trauma.
authors: *Department of Ophthalmology, Peking University Third Hospital, Ministry of Education's Key Laboratory of Vision Loss and Restoration, Beijing, People's Republic of China; and †Department of Ophthalmology, Beijing Tsinghua Changgung Hospital, Beijing, People's Republic of China.
authors: Ying
authors: Y
authors: Jin
authors: Huijin
authors: H
authors: Chen
authors: Xiaojian
authors: X
authors: Xu
authors: Yuntao
authors: Y
authors: Hu
authors: Changguan
authors: C
authors: Wang
authors: Zhizhong
authors: Z
authors: Ma
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000378:metabolism; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D015807:Eye Injuries, Penetrating / Q000150:complications* / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000601:surgery; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D019394:Ki-67 Antigen / Q000378:metabolism; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D018809:Proliferating Cell Nuclear Antigen / Q000378:metabolism; D012160:Retina / Q000293:injuries / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology*; D013997:Time Factors; D014821:Vitrectomy; D018630:Vitreoretinopathy, Proliferative / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000209:etiology* / Q000601:surgery; D014822:Vitreous Body / Q000293:injuries / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology*; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; D019394:Ki-67 Antigen; D018809:Proliferating Cell Nuclear Antigen