title: Neuroendocrine abnormalities in Parkinson's disease.
abstract: Neuroendocrine abnormalities are common in Parkinson's disease (PD) and include disruption of melatonin secretion, disturbances of glucose, insulin resistance and bone metabolism, and body weight changes. They have been associated with multiple non-motor symptoms in PD and have important clinical consequences, including therapeutics. Some of the underlying mechanisms have been implicated in the pathogenesis of PD and represent promising targets for the development of disease biomarkers and neuroprotective therapies. In this systems-based review, we describe clinically relevant neuroendocrine abnormalities in Parkinson's disease to highlight their role in overall phenotype. We discuss pathophysiological mechanisms, clinical implications, and pharmacological and non-pharmacological interventions based on the current evidence. We also review recent advances in the field, focusing on the potential targets for development of neuroprotective drugs in Parkinson's disease and suggest future areas for research.
authors: Reta Lila Weston Institute of Neurological Studies, UCL Institute of Neurology, London, UK.|Queen Square Brain Bank for Neurological Disorders, UCL Institute of Neurology, London, UK.
authors: Eduardo
authors: E
authors: De Pablo-Fernández
authors: John van Geest Centre for Brain Repair, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.
authors: David P
authors: DP
authors: Breen
authors: Centre for Neuroendocrinology, Royal Free Campus, UCL Institute of Neurology, London, UK.
authors: Pierre M
authors: PM
authors: Bouloux
authors: John van Geest Centre for Brain Repair, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.
authors: Roger A
authors: RA
authors: Barker
authors: Sobell Department of Motor Neuroscience, UCL Institute of Neurology, London, UK.
authors: Thomas
authors: T
authors: Foltynie
authors: Reta Lila Weston Institute of Neurological Studies, UCL Institute of Neurology, London, UK.|Queen Square Brain Bank for Neurological Disorders, UCL Institute of Neurology, London, UK.
authors: Thomas T
authors: TT
authors: Warner
mesh_terms: D001786:Blood Glucose / Q000378:metabolism*; D001835:Body Weight / Q000502:physiology*; D015519:Bone Density / Q000502:physiology; D018149:Glucose Intolerance / Q000150:complications / Q000378:metabolism*; D006801:Humans; D007333:Insulin Resistance / Q000502:physiology*; D010300:Parkinson Disease / Q000150:complications / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D001786:Blood Glucose
keywords: DIABETES MELLITUS; METABOLIC DISEASE; NEUROENDOCRINOLOGY; PARKINSON'S DISEASE; SLEEP DISORDERS