title: Screening the Toxicity of Selected Personal Care Products Using Embryo Bioassays: 4-MBC, Propylparaben and Triclocarban.
abstract: Recently, several emerging pollutants, including Personal Care Products (PCPs), have been detected in aquatic ecosystems, in the ng/L or µg/L range. Available toxicological data is limited, and, for certain PCPs, evidence indicates a potential risk for the environment. Hence, there is an urgent need to gather ecotoxicological data on PCPs as a proxy to improve risk assessment. Here, the toxicity of three different PCPs (4-Methylbenzylidene Camphor (4-MBC), propylparaben and triclocarban) was tested using embryo bioassays withDanio rerio(zebrafish) andParacentrotus lividus(sea urchin). The No Observed Effect Concentration (NOEC) for triclocarban was 0.256 µg/L for sea urchin and 100 µg/L for zebrafish, whereas NOEC for 4-MBC was 0.32 µg/L for sea urchin and 50 µg/L for zebrafish. Both PCPs impacted embryo development at environmentally relevant concentrations. In comparison with triclocarban and 4-MBC, propylparaben was less toxic for both sea urchin (NOEC = 160 µg/L) and zebrafish (NOEC = 1000 µg/L). Overall, this study further demonstrates the sensitivity of embryo bioassays as a high-throughput approach for testing the toxicity of emerging pollutants.
authors: CIMAR/CIIMAR, Laboratório Associado-Centro Interdisciplinar de Investigação Marinha e Ambiental, Universidade do Porto, Av. General Norton de Matos s/n, 4450-208 Porto, Portugal. torres_tapt@hotmail.com.
authors: Tiago
authors: T
authors: Torres
authors: CIMAR/CIIMAR, Laboratório Associado-Centro Interdisciplinar de Investigação Marinha e Ambiental, Universidade do Porto, Av. General Norton de Matos s/n, 4450-208 Porto, Portugal. isabel.cunha@ciimar.up.pt.
authors: Isabel
authors: I
authors: Cunha
authors: CIMAR/CIIMAR, Laboratório Associado-Centro Interdisciplinar de Investigação Marinha e Ambiental, Universidade do Porto, Av. General Norton de Matos s/n, 4450-208 Porto, Portugal. mrm@estsp.ipp.pt.|Escola Superior de Tecnologia de Saúde do Porto, Instituto Politécnico do Porto, 4200-072 Porto, Portugal. mrm@estsp.ipp.pt.
authors: Rosário
authors: R
authors: Martins
authors: CIMAR/CIIMAR, Laboratório Associado-Centro Interdisciplinar de Investigação Marinha e Ambiental, Universidade do Porto, Av. General Norton de Matos s/n, 4450-208 Porto, Portugal. santos@ciimar.up.pt.|FCUP-Departamento de Biologia, Faculdade de Ciências da Universidade do Porto, Rua do Campo Alegre, 4169-007 Porto, Portugal. santos@ciimar.up.pt.
authors: Miguel M
authors: MM
authors: Santos
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001681:Biological Assay / Q000379:methods*; D002164:Camphor / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000633:toxicity; D002224:Carbanilides / Q000633:toxicity*; D054750:Ecotoxicology / Q000379:methods; D004625:Embryo, Nonmammalian / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000196:embryology; D047108:Embryonic Development / Q000187:drug effects*; D005260:Female; D008297:Male; D019055:No-Observed-Adverse-Effect Level; D010226:Parabens / Q000633:toxicity*; D047328:Paracentrotus / Q000196:embryology; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D018675:Toxicity Tests / Q000379:methods; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical / Q000633:toxicity; D015027:Zebrafish / Q000196:embryology
chemical_list: D002224:Carbanilides; D010226:Parabens; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical; D002164:Camphor; C038939:enzacamene; C009540:triclocarban; C006068:propylparaben
keywords: 4-Methylbenzylidene Camphor; Authorization; Evaluation; Registration; and Restriction of Chemicals (REACH); embryo bioassays; personal care products; propylparaben; risk assessment; sea urchin; triclocarban; zebrafish