title: The role of fluency in preferences for inward over outward words.
abstract: The present studies examined a novel explanation for the in-out effect, the phenomenon that words with inward wanderings of consonantal articulation spots are preferred over words with outward wanderings. We hypothesized that processing fluency might account for the in-out effect instead of, or in addition to, the originally proposed mechanism of motor-associated motivational states. Inward words could be more fluently processed than outward words, which could lead to the preference effect. Corpus analyses (Studies 1a and 1b) revealed more inward than outward words in English and German, which could account for their differing fluency. Additionally, inward compared to outward words were pronounced faster (Study 2) and were rated as being easier to pronounce (Studies 3a and 3b), indicating greater fluency. Crucially, a mediation analysis (Study 4) suggests that the influence of consonantal direction on preference was partially mediated by fluency. However, accounting for the influence of fluency still left a significant residual in-out effect, not accounted for by our fluency measure. This evidence supports a partial causal contribution of articulation fluency to the in-out effect.
authors: Department of Psychology II, University of Wuerzburg, Roentgenring 10, 97070 Wuerzburg, Germany. Electronic address: giti.bakhtiari@uni-wuerzburg.de.
authors: Giti
authors: G
authors: Bakhtiari
authors: Department of Psychology II, University of Wuerzburg, Roentgenring 10, 97070 Wuerzburg, Germany. Electronic address: anita.koerner@uni-wuerzburg.de.
authors: Anita
authors: A
authors: Körner
authors: Department of Psychology, Social and Economic Cognition, University of Cologne, Richard-Strauß-Str. 2, 50931 Cologne, Germany. Electronic address: sascha.topolinski@uni-koeln.de.
authors: Sascha
authors: S
authors: Topolinski
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007802:Language; D008297:Male; D009042:Motivation / Q000502:physiology; D010700:Phonetics; D013060:Speech / Q000502:physiology*; D055815:Young Adult
keywords: Articulation; Embodiment; Fluency; In-out effect; Mediation