title: Effects of occupational exposure to poorly soluble forms of beryllium on biomarkers of pulmonary response in exhaled breath of workers in machining industries.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To analyze the effects of occupational exposure to poorly soluble forms of beryllium (Be) on biomarkers of pulmonary inflammation using exhaled breath condensate (EBC) in workers employed in machining industries.
  
  
  METHODS
  Twenty machining operators were compared to 16 controls. The individual exposure to Be was assessed from the work history with several indices of exposure calculated on the basis of task-exposures matrices developed for each plant using historical air measurements. Clinical evaluation consisted in a medical questionnaire, measurements of biomarkers in EBC (tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α), total nitrogen oxides (NOx)), measurement of the fraction of exhaled nitric oxide (FeNO) and resting spirometry. Adjusted multiple linear regressions were used to study the effect of the exposure to Be on inflammatory biomarkers.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Levels of TNF-α and NOx in EBC were not statistically different between exposed and controls. We found a statistically significant relationship between levels of TNF-α in EBC and both index of cumulative exposure and duration of exposure to Be. No other statistically significant relationships were found between exposure to Be and pulmonary response.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our results suggest that machining-related exposure to Be is related to pulmonary inflammation involving TNF-α. These findings must be confirmed by larger studies.
authors: Institut National de Recherche et de Sécurité pour la prévention des accidents de travail et des maladies professionnelles (INRS) : 1, rue du Morvan, CS 60027, 54519Vandœuvre-lès-Nancy Cedex, France. Electronic address: anca.radauceanu@inrs.fr.
authors: Anca
authors: A
authors: Radauceanu
authors: Institut National de Recherche et de Sécurité pour la prévention des accidents de travail et des maladies professionnelles (INRS) : 1, rue du Morvan, CS 60027, 54519Vandœuvre-lès-Nancy Cedex, France. Electronic address: michel.grzebyk@inrs.fr.
authors: Michel
authors: M
authors: Grzebyk
authors: Université de Lille, EA 4483 : 1, place de Verdun, 59045 Lille, France; Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Lille, Service des Explorations Fonctionnelles Respiratoires : 2, avenue Oscar Lambret, 59037 Lille Cedex, France. Electronic address: jledme@univ-lille2.fr.
authors: Jean-Louis
authors: JL
authors: Edmé
authors: Université de Lille, EA 4483 : 1, place de Verdun, 59045 Lille, France; Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Lille, Service de Médecine du Travail du Personnel Hospitalier : 2, avenue Oscar Lambret, 59037 Lille Cedex, France. Electronic address: nathalie.cherot@univ-lille2.fr.
authors: Nathalie
authors: N
authors: Chérot-Kornobis
authors: Institut National de Recherche et de Sécurité pour la prévention des accidents de travail et des maladies professionnelles (INRS) : 1, rue du Morvan, CS 60027, 54519Vandœuvre-lès-Nancy Cedex, France. Electronic address: davy.rousset@inrs.fr.
authors: Davy
authors: D
authors: Rousset
authors: Institut National de Recherche et de Sécurité pour la prévention des accidents de travail et des maladies professionnelles (INRS) : 1, rue du Morvan, CS 60027, 54519Vandœuvre-lès-Nancy Cedex, France. Electronic address: mathieu.dziurla@inrs.fr.
authors: Mathieu
authors: M
authors: Dziurla
authors: Université de Lille, EA 4483 : 1, place de Verdun, 59045 Lille, France; Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Lille, Service des Explorations Fonctionnelles Respiratoires : 2, avenue Oscar Lambret, 59037 Lille Cedex, France. Electronic address: virginie.debroucker@chru-lille.fr.
authors: Virginie
authors: V
authors: De Broucker
authors: Institut National de Recherche et de Sécurité pour la prévention des accidents de travail et des maladies professionnelles (INRS) : 1, rue du Morvan, CS 60027, 54519Vandœuvre-lès-Nancy Cedex, France. Electronic address: guy.hedelin@inrs.fr.
authors: Guy
authors: G
authors: Hédelin
authors: Université de Lille, EA 4483 : 1, place de Verdun, 59045 Lille, France; Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Lille, Service de Médecine du Travail du Personnel Hospitalier : 2, avenue Oscar Lambret, 59037 Lille Cedex, France. Electronic address: annie.sobaszek@univ-lille2.fr.
authors: Annie
authors: A
authors: Sobaszek
authors: Université de Lille, EA 4483 : 1, place de Verdun, 59045 Lille, France; Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Lille, Service des Explorations Fonctionnelles Respiratoires : 2, avenue Oscar Lambret, 59037 Lille Cedex, France. Electronic address: sebastien.hulo@univ-lille2.fr.
authors: Sébastien
authors: S
authors: Hulo
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001608:Beryllium / Q000737:chemistry / Q000633:toxicity*; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000032:analysis; D001944:Breath Tests; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008171:Lung Diseases / Q000139:chemically induced* / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000503:physiopathology; D008297:Male; D008669:Metallurgy; D008875:Middle Aged; D009569:Nitric Oxide / Q000032:analysis; D009589:Nitrogen Oxides / Q000097:blood; D016273:Occupational Exposure / Q000009:adverse effects*; D011014:Pneumonia / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000378:metabolism; D013147:Spirometry; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000097:blood
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; D009589:Nitrogen Oxides; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha; D009569:Nitric Oxide; D001608:Beryllium
keywords: Beryllium; Exhaled breath condensate; Machining; Occupational exposure; Tumor necrosis factor alpha