title: Use of the term "rule out" in requisition forms may cause diagnostic delays in dermatopathology practice.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Timely pathologic diagnosis relies on the communication of specific clinical information in the requisition form (RF). Clinical information may use nonspecific terms such as "rule out", the use of which may result in diagnostic delays and the unnecessary application of pathology stains and sections.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  This study was designed to evaluate the relationship between use of the term "rule out" and time to diagnosis, and the use of additional pathology stains and sections in integrated and non-integrated dermatopathology practices.
  
  
  METHODS
  A retrospective double-cohort study of 475 RFs from the integrated practice (of which 182 used the term "rule out" [RO] and 293 did not [NRO]) and 412 RFs from the non-integrated practice (RO, n = 126; NRO, n = 286) was performed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  No significant differences emerged between groups of patients with, respectively, RO and NRO RFs in the integrated practice with respect to time to diagnosis, and numbers of additional tissue sections or stains applied. By contrast, the use of RFs containing the term "rule out" was associated with significantly longer times to diagnosis and higher rates of use of pathology stains and sections in comparison with NRO RFs in the non-integrated practice. However, the study is limited by its status as a retrospective review of data sourced from a single institution.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Use of the term "rule out" in RFs may not significantly impact key care delivery outcomes in an integrated practice. However, it may cause diagnostic delays and the use of unnecessary pathology services in a non-integrated practice.
authors: Department of Dermatology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA.
authors: Yara
authors: Y
authors: Abdou
authors: Department of Biomedical Statistics and Informatics, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA.
authors: Christine
authors: C
authors: Lohse
authors: Department of Dermatology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA.|Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA.
authors: Nneka I
authors: NI
authors: Comfere
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D002648:Child; D004396:Coloring Agents; D003142:Communication; D057210:Delayed Diagnosis; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012871:Skin Diseases / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000473:pathology*; D013194:Staining and Labeling / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D009626:Terminology as Topic; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D004396:Coloring Agents
keywords: clinician-pathologist communication; dermatopathology; rule out; skin biopsy requisition form