title: Tissue-engineered 3D cancer-in-bone modeling: silk and PUR protocols.
abstract: Cancers that metastasize or grow in the bone marrow are typically considered incurable and cause extensive damage to the bone and bone marrow. The bone is a complex, dynamic, three-dimensional (3D) environment composed of a plethora of cells that may contribute to, or constrain, the growth of tumor cells and development of bone disease. The development of safe and effective drugs is currently hampered by pre-clinical two-dimensional (2D) models whose poor predictive power does not accurately predict the success or failure of therapeutics. These inadequate models often result in drugs proceeding through extensive pre-clinical studies only to fail clinically. Consistently, 3D co-culture systems prove superior to 2D mono-cultures in modelingin vivocell phenotypes, disease progression and response to therapeutics. As a complex, multicellular, multidimensional bone microenvironment, 3D models allow for more accurate predictions of tumor growth, cell-cell and cell-matrix interactions, and resulting therapeutic responses. In this review we will discuss various 3D models available and describe step-by-step protocols for two of the most well-established 3D culture models for studying tumor-induced bone disease.
authors: Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Vanderbilt University , Nashville, TN, USA.
authors: Ushashi
authors: U
authors: Dadwal
authors: Maine Medical Center Research Institute , Scarborough, ME, USA.
authors: Carolyne
authors: C
authors: Falank
authors: Maine Medical Center Research Institute , Scarborough, ME, USA.
authors: Heather
authors: H
authors: Fairfield
authors: Maine Medical Center Research Institute , Scarborough, ME, USA.
authors: Sarah
authors: S
authors: Linehan
authors: Maine Medical Center Research Institute, Scarborough, ME, USA; Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA.
authors: Clifford J
authors: CJ
authors: Rosen
authors: Department of Biomedical Engineering, Tufts University , Medford, MA, USA.
authors: David L
authors: DL
authors: Kaplan
authors: Center for Bone Biology, Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA; Department of Veterans Affairs, Tennessee Valley Healthcare System, Nashville, TN, USA.
authors: Julie
authors: J
authors: Sterling
authors: Maine Medical Center Research Institute, Scarborough, ME, USA; Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA.
authors: Michaela R
authors: 0000-0003-2884-6481
authors: MR
authors: Reagan