title: Plasma Ang2 and ADAM17 levels are elevated during clinical malaria; Ang2 level correlates with severity and expression of EPCR-binding PfEMP1.
abstract: The pathogenesis of Plasmodium falciparum malaria involves a complex interplay between parasite adhesion and inflammatory response that includes release of cytokines and activation of the endothelium with accompanying release of Angiopoitin 2 (Ang2) to the plasma. A-disintegrin and metalloproteinase 17 (ADAM17) is a protein responsible for releasing cytokines, including Tumor Necrosis Factor α (TNFα), and shedding of adhesion proteins. In this study, we show that plasma levels of ADAM17 are increased in Tanzanian children hospitalized with a malaria infection compared with asymptomatic children but similar to children hospitalized with other infectious diseases. The plasma levels of ADAM17 decreased during recovery after an acute malaria episode. Plasma levels of Ang2 were associated with markers of malaria severity and levels of var transcripts encoding P. falciparum Erythrocyte Membrane Protein 1 (PfEMP1) containing Cysteine Rich Inter Domain Region α1 (CIDRα1) domains predicted to bind Endothelial Protein C receptor (EPCR). ADAM17 levels were not associated with expression of var genes encoding different PfEMP1 types when controlling for age. These data are the first to report ADAM17 plasma levels in malaria-exposed individuals, and support the notion that parasite sequestration mediated by EPCR-binding PfEMP1 is associated with endothelial activation and pathology in severe paediatric malaria.
authors: Centre for Medical Parasitology, Department of Immunology &Microbiology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen and Department of Infectious Diseases, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark.
authors: Jens E V
authors: JE
authors: Petersen
authors: Kilimanjaro Christian Medical University College and Kilimanjaro Clinical Research Institute, Moshi, Tanzania.
authors: Sixbert I
authors: SI
authors: Mkumbaye
authors: Centre for Medical Parasitology, Department of Immunology &Microbiology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen and Department of Infectious Diseases, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark.
authors: Anna V
authors: AV
authors: Vaaben
authors: National Institute for Medical Research, Mwanza Research Centre, Mwanza, Tanzania.
authors: Alphaxard
authors: A
authors: Manjurano
authors: National Institute for Medical Research, Mwanza Research Centre, Mwanza, Tanzania.
authors: Eric
authors: E
authors: Lyimo
authors: Kilimanjaro Christian Medical University College and Kilimanjaro Clinical Research Institute, Moshi, Tanzania.
authors: Reginald A
authors: RA
authors: Kavishe
authors: Kilimanjaro Christian Medical University College and Kilimanjaro Clinical Research Institute, Moshi, Tanzania.
authors: Steven B
authors: SB
authors: Mwakalinga
authors: National Institute for Medical Research, Mwanza Research Centre, Mwanza, Tanzania.
authors: Jacklin
authors: J
authors: Mosha
authors: National Institute for Medical Research, Tanga Centre, Tanga, Tanzania.
authors: Daniel T R
authors: DT
authors: Minja
authors: National Institute for Medical Research, Tanga Centre, Tanga, Tanzania.
authors: John P A
authors: JP
authors: Lusingu
authors: Centre for Medical Parasitology, Department of Immunology &Microbiology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen and Department of Infectious Diseases, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark.
authors: Thor G
authors: TG
authors: Theander
authors: Centre for Medical Parasitology, Department of Immunology &Microbiology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen and Department of Infectious Diseases, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark.
authors: Thomas
authors: T
authors: Lavstsen
authors: Centre for Medical Parasitology, Department of Immunology &Microbiology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen and Department of Infectious Diseases, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark.
authors: Christian W
authors: CW
authors: Wang
mesh_terms: D000072198:ADAM17 Protein / Q000097:blood*; D000293:Adolescent; D042702:Angiopoietin-2 / Q000097:blood*; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D000074283:Endothelial Protein C Receptor / Q000097:blood*; D005260:Female; D015870:Gene Expression; D017125:Genes, Protozoan; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D016778:Malaria, Falciparum / Q000097:blood* / Q000235:genetics / Q000469:parasitology*; D008297:Male; D010963:Plasmodium falciparum / Q000235:genetics; D015800:Protozoan Proteins / Q000097:blood* / Q000235:genetics*; D013636:Tanzania
chemical_list: C586513:ANGPT2 protein, human; D042702:Angiopoietin-2; D000074283:Endothelial Protein C Receptor; C478370:PROCR protein, human; D015800:Protozoan Proteins; C085731:erythrocyte membrane protein 1, Plasmodium falciparum; D000072198:ADAM17 Protein; C000606462:ADAM17 protein, human