title: Induction of functional interferon alpha and gamma responses during acute infection of cattle with non-cytopathic bovine viral diarrhea virus.
abstract: As a part of their pathogenic mechanism, many pathogens causing persistent infections, including bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV), immunosuppress their hosts, often by limiting the ability to either produce, or respond to, interferon. The objective of this study was to quantify the extent to which an acute infection of cattle with a non-cytopathic strain of BVDV induces interferon responses and to establish the functionality of these responses. Functionality of responses was investigated using a bovine specific peptide array to monitor kinase-mediated signal transduction activity within peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) at time points corresponding to the interferon gamma (IFN-γ) and alpha (IFN-α) responsive phases of acute BVDV infection. Further, with an appreciation of diverse mechanisms and levels at which pathogens modulate host cell defences, patterns of expression of IFN-γ and -α responsive genes were also quantified within PBMCs. Infection of cows with ncpBVDV2-1373 induced significant increases in levels of serum IFN-γ and IFN-α. Within the PBMCs of the infected animals, distinct patterns of kinase-mediated signal transduction activity, in particular with respect to activation of classic IFN-activated signalling pathways, such as Jak-Stat, as well as induced expression of IFN-γ and IFN-α regulated genes, support the functionality of the host interferon response.
authors: Vaccine and Infectious Disease Organization, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, S7N 5E3, Canada; Department of Biochemistry, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, S7N 5E5, Canada. Electronic address: brtkvw@gmail.com.
authors: Brenden
authors: B
authors: Van Wyk
authors: Vaccine and Infectious Disease Organization, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, S7N 5E3, Canada. Electronic address: marlene.snider@usask.ca.
authors: Marlene
authors: M
authors: Snider
authors: Vaccine and Infectious Disease Organization, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, S7N 5E3, Canada. Electronic address: erin.scruten@usask.ca.
authors: Erin
authors: E
authors: Scruten
authors: Vaccine and Infectious Disease Organization, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, S7N 5E3, Canada; Department of Microbiology & Immunology, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, S7N 5E3, Canada. Electronic address: sylvia.vandenhurk@usask.ca.
authors: Sylvia
authors: S
authors: van Drunen Littel-van den Hurk
authors: Vaccine and Infectious Disease Organization, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, S7N 5E3, Canada; Department of Biochemistry, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, S7N 5E5, Canada. Electronic address: scott.napper@usask.ca.
authors: Scott
authors: S
authors: Napper
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001912:Bovine Virus Diarrhea-Mucosal Disease / Q000276:immunology / Q000821:virology*; D002417:Cattle; D001908:Diarrhea Viruses, Bovine Viral / Q000145:classification* / Q000276:immunology; D005260:Female; D015967:Gene Expression Regulation, Viral / Q000276:immunology*; D016898:Interferon-alpha / Q000097:blood / Q000378:metabolism*; D007371:Interferon-gamma / Q000097:blood / Q000378:metabolism*; D011247:Pregnancy; D015398:Signal Transduction; D019562:Viral Load
chemical_list: D016898:Interferon-alpha; D007371:Interferon-gamma
keywords: Bovine viral diarrhea virus; Host-pathogen interaction; Interferon; Kinome