title: Masked hypertension in obesity: potential predictors and arterial damage.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Masked hypertension (MHT), defined as normal office blood pressure (BP) but high ambulatory BP, has been associated with increased cardiovascular risk. Although MHT has been associated with obesity, there is limited knowledge on the prevalence and covariates of MHT in obese cohorts.
  
  
  METHODS
  Office and ambulatory BP recordings and other cardiovascular risk factors were assessed in 323 obese participants included in the fat-associated cardiovascular dysfunction study (mean age 48.9±9.0 years, 55% women, mean BMI 32.3±4.4 kg/m). Office BP 130-139/85-89 mmHg was considered high-normal. Subclinical arterial damage was identified as carotid-femoral pulse wave velocity more than 10 m/s by applanation tonometry or carotid plaque by ultrasound (maximal intima-media thickness ≥1.5 mm).
  
  
  RESULTS
  MHT was present in 17.1% of the population. Patients with MHT had a higher prevalence of metabolic syndrome, high-normal office BP, and were more often male compared with the normotensive (NT) individuals (all P<0.05), but were younger and had lower prevalence of diabetes and subclinical arterial damage than the sustained hypertensive group (all P<0.05). In multinomial logistic regression analysis, MHT was associated with the presence of metabolic syndrome and high-normal office BP compared with NT individuals, and lower pulse wave velocity and fewer carotid plaques than sustained hypertension (all P<0.05).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In obese patients, MHT was associated with the presence of metabolic syndrome and high-normal office BP compared with NT individuals, but less subclinical arterial damage than sustained hypertensive patients.
authors: aDepartment of Clinical Science, University of Bergen bDepartment of Heart Disease, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway.
authors: Isabel E
authors: IE
authors: Kenny
authors: Sahrai
authors: S
authors: Saeed
authors: Eva
authors: E
authors: Gerdts
authors: Helga
authors: H
authors: Midtbø
authors: Hilde
authors: H
authors: Halland
authors: Mai T
authors: MT
authors: Lønnebakken
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D002339:Carotid Arteries / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000503:physiopathology; D059168:Carotid Intima-Media Thickness; D005260:Female; D005263:Femoral Artery / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000503:physiopathology; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D059468:Masked Hypertension / Q000150:complications / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000503:physiopathology; D024821:Metabolic Syndrome / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000503:physiopathology; D008875:Middle Aged; D009765:Obesity / Q000150:complications / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000503:physiopathology; D063177:Pulse Wave Analysis