title: Modeling analysis of secondary inorganic aerosols over China: pollution characteristics, and meteorological and dust impacts.
abstract: Secondary inorganic aerosols (SIA) are the predominant components of fine particulate matter (PM2.5) and have significant impacts on air quality, human health, and climate change. In this study, the Community Multiscale Air Quality modeling system (CMAQ) was modified to incorporate SO2heterogeneous reactions on the surface of dust particles. The revised model was then used to simulate the spatiotemporal characteristics of SIA over China and analyze the impacts of meteorological factors and dust on SIA formation. Including the effects of dust improved model performance for the simulation of SIA concentrations, particularly for sulfate. The simulated annual SIA concentration in China was approximately 10.1 μg/m3on domain average, with strong seasonal variation: highest in winter and lowest in summer. High SIA concentrations were concentrated in developed regions with high precursor emissions, such as the North China Plain, Yangtze River Delta, Sichuan Basin, and Pearl River Delta. Strong correlations between meteorological factors and SIA pollution levels suggested that heterogeneous reactions under high humidity played an important role on SIA formation, particularly during severe haze pollution periods. Acting as surfaces for heterogeneous reactions, dust particles significantly affected sulfate formation, suggesting the importance of reducing dust emissions for controlling SIA and PM2.5pollution.
authors: State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control, School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China.|Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, China.
authors: Xiao
authors: X
authors: Fu
authors: State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control, School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China.|State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Sources and Control of Air Pollution Complex, Beijing 100084, China.
authors: Shuxiao
authors: S
authors: Wang
authors: State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control, School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China.
authors: Xing
authors: X
authors: Chang
authors: State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control, School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China.
authors: Siyi
authors: S
authors: Cai
authors: State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control, School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China.
authors: Jia
authors: J
authors: Xing
authors: State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control, School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China.|Collaborative Innovation Center for Regional Environmental Quality, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China.
authors: Jiming
authors: J
authors: Hao
mesh_terms: D000336:Aerosols / Q000032:analysis; D000393:Air Pollutants / Q000032:analysis*; D000397:Air Pollution / Q000032:analysis / Q000517:prevention & control; D002681:China; D057231:Climate Change; D003198:Computer Simulation; D004391:Dust / Q000032:analysis; D004784:Environmental Monitoring; D006801:Humans; D006813:Humidity; D007287:Inorganic Chemicals / Q000032:analysis; D008685:Meteorological Concepts; D008962:Models, Theoretical; D052638:Particulate Matter / Q000032:analysis; D012621:Seasons; D013431:Sulfates / Q000032:analysis; D013458:Sulfur Dioxide / Q000032:analysis
chemical_list: D000336:Aerosols; D000393:Air Pollutants; D004391:Dust; D007287:Inorganic Chemicals; D052638:Particulate Matter; D013431:Sulfates; D013458:Sulfur Dioxide