title: Effectiveness of Chitosan Films Impregnated With Ciprofloxacin for the Prophylaxis of Osteomyelitis in Open Fractures: An Experimental Study in Rats.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The systemic antimicrobial prophylaxis is the standard treatment in the prevention of osteomyelitis after open fractures, with topical application of antimicrobials as an alternative due to their high concentrations at the site of the fracture, low systemic concentrations and fewer side effects.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  This study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of prophylaxis of osteomyelitis through experimental model of open fractures with the use of chitosan films, whether or not impregnated with ciprofloxacin.
  
  
  METHODS
  In this experimental study, 24 Holtzman rats were distributed into 4 groups of 6 rats each. The CT (control of treatment) group: an open fracture model treated with systemic antimicrobial; the IC (infection control) group: an open fracture untreated model; the C (chitosan) group: an open fracture model treated using a chitosan film; and the CA (chitosan with antimicrobial) group: an open fracture model treated using a chitosan film impregnated with antimicrobial. After 3 weeks the animals were killed by an overdose of anesthetic, and a fragment osseous was removed for histological and microbiological analysis. The comparisons between the groups considered significant values of P ≤ 0.05.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In cultures of the CT group, there was less bacterial growth compared to the results of the cultures of the IC (P = 0.005), C (P = 0.005) and CA (P = 0.009) groups. The inflammation was lower in the CT group compared to the IC (P = 0.014), C (P = 0.001) and CA (P = 0.007) groups.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In this experimental model of open fracture, the chitosan film pure or impregnated with ciprofloxacin was not effective in the prophylaxis of osteomyelitis.
authors: Hospital Madre Teresa, Belo Horizonte, Brazil.
authors: Lincoln
authors: L
authors: Paiva Costa
authors: Hospital Madre Teresa and Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil.
authors: Luiz Eduardo
authors: LE
authors: Moreira Teixeira
authors: Hospital das Clínicas da Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil.
authors: Gustavo Silame
authors: GS
authors: Maranhão Lima
authors: Hospital Madre Teresa, Belo Horizonte, Brazil.
authors: Marcelo
authors: M
authors: Mendes Ferreira
authors: Hospital Madre Teresa, Belo Horizonte, Brazil.
authors: Mateus Antunes
authors: MA
authors: de Andrade
authors: Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil.
authors: Paula Vieira
authors: PV
authors: Teixeira Vidigal
authors: Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil.
authors: André Augusto
authors: AA
authors: Gomes Faraco
authors: Hospital Madre Teresa, Belo Horizonte, Brazil.
authors: Eduardo Frois
authors: EF
authors: Temponi
authors: Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil.
authors: Ivana Duval
authors: ID
authors: de Araújo
keywords: Chitosan; Ciprofloxacin; Open Fracture; Osteomyelitis; Prophylaxis