title: Randomized clinical trial on the efficacy of hesperidin 2S on validated cardiovascular biomarkers in healthy overweight individuals.
abstract: Endothelial dysfunction (ED) is involved in the development of atherosclerosis. Hesperidin, a citrus flavonoid with antioxidant and other biological properties, potentially exerts beneficial effects on endothelial function (EF).
  
  
  
  We investigated the effect of hesperidin 2S supplementation on EF in overweight individuals.
  
  
  
  This was a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study in which 68 individuals were randomly assigned to receive hesperidin 2S (450 mg/d) or a placebo for 6 wk. At baseline and after 6 wk of intervention, flow-mediated dilation (FMD), soluble vascular adhesion molecule-1 (sVCAM-1), soluble intracellular adhesion molecule-1 (sICAM-1), soluble P-selectin (sP-selectin), systolic blood pressure (SBP), and diastolic blood pressure (DBP) were assessed. Acute, reversible ED was induced by intake of a high-fat meal (HFM). A second FMD scan was performed 2 h postprandially, and adhesion molecules were assessed 2 and 4 h postprandially. An additional exploratory analysis was performed in subjects with baseline FMD ≥3%.
  
  
  
  No significant change in fasting or postprandial FMD was observed after 6 wk of hesperidin intake compared with placebo intake. However, there was a trend for a reduction of sVCAM-1, sICAM-1, sP-selectin, SBP, and DBP after 6 wk of hesperidin treatment. In the FMD ≥3% group, hesperidin protected individuals from postprandial ED (P = 0.050) and significantly downregulated sVCAM-1 and sICAM-1 (all P ≤ 0.030). The results reported in the current article were not adjusted for multiplicity.
  
  
  
  Six weeks of consumption of hesperidin 2S did not improve basal or postprandial FMD in our total study population. There was a tendency toward a reduction of adhesion molecules and a decrease in SBP and DBP. Further exploratory analyses revealed that, in subjects with baseline FMD ≥3%, hesperidin 2S improved ED after an HFM and reduced adhesion molecules. These results indicate the cardiovascular health benefits of hesperidin 2S in overweight and obese individuals with a relatively healthy endothelium. This trial was registered at clinicaltrials.gov as NCT02228291.
authors: Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology-Hepatology, School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, and bouke.salden@maastrichtuniversity.nl.
authors: Bouke N
authors: BN
authors: Salden
authors: Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology-Hepatology, School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, and.
authors: Freddy J
authors: FJ
authors: Troost
authors: Imagelabonline & Cardiovascular, Eindhoven and Lunteren, Netherlands.|Clinical Epidemiology, Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, Netherlands.
authors: Eric
authors: E
authors: de Groot
authors: BioActor BV, Maastricht, Netherlands; and.
authors: Yala R
authors: YR
authors: Stevens
authors: BioActor BV, Maastricht, Netherlands; and.
authors: Marta
authors: M
authors: Garcés-Rimón
authors: Laboratory of Microbial Ecology and Technology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium.
authors: Sam
authors: S
authors: Possemiers
authors: Department of Methodology and Statistics, School for Public Health and Primary Care, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, Netherlands.
authors: Bjorn
authors: B
authors: Winkens
authors: Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology-Hepatology, School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, and.
authors: Ad A
authors: AA
authors: Masclee
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000097:blood*; D001794:Blood Pressure / Q000187:drug effects; D015992:Body Mass Index; D002318:Cardiovascular Diseases / Q000097:blood*; D015815:Cell Adhesion Molecules / Q000097:blood; D019587:Dietary Supplements; D004311:Double-Blind Method; D015536:Down-Regulation; D004730:Endothelium, Vascular / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D005260:Female; D006569:Hesperidin / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009765:Obesity / Q000097:blood*; D050177:Overweight / Q000097:blood*; D019007:P-Selectin / Q000097:blood; D019518:Postprandial Period; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D019010:Vascular Cell Adhesion Molecule-1 / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; D015815:Cell Adhesion Molecules; D019007:P-Selectin; D019010:Vascular Cell Adhesion Molecule-1; D006569:Hesperidin
keywords: blood pressure; endothelial function; hesperidin; obesity; polyphenols