title: Exposure to secondhand smoke and risk of peripheral arterial disease in southern Chinese non-smokers: The Guangzhou Biobank Cohort Study-Cardiovascular Disease Sub-cohort.
abstract: Objectives We studied the association between secondhand smoke (SHS) exposure and peripheral arterial disease (PAD) in Chinese non-smokers. Methods We conducted a cross-sectional study using baseline data from the Guangzhou Biobank Cohort Study: Cardiovascular Disease Sub-cohort Study (GBCS-CVD). Guangzhou residents aged ≥ 50 years were recruited between 2003 and 2008. Baseline data included measurement of ankle brachial pressure index (ABPI) and self-reported smoking status and SHS exposure. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses were used to analyze the association between SHS and PAD (defined as ABPI < 0.9). Results Of the 1507 non-smokers, 24 (1.6%) had PAD. Of these, 12 were men and 12 were women. Exposure to SHS at home of ≥25 h per week was reported by 16.7% of PAD cases compared with 3.8% of those without PAD (χ2 test, p = 0.003). After adjustment for potential confounders, exposure to ≥25 h per week at home was still associated with PAD (adjusted OR 7.86, 95% CI 2.00-30.95, p = 0.003), with suggestion of a dose-response relationship. Conclusions Our results extend the US Surgeon General's 2006 report that SHS exposure is an independent risk factor for PAD. National smoke-free legislation is needed to protect all people from exposure.
authors: 1 Institute for Health and Wellbeing, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK.
authors: Liya
authors: L
authors: Lu
authors: 2 Guangzhou No. 12 Hospital, Guangzhou, China.
authors: Chaoqiang
authors: C
authors: Jiang
authors: 1 Institute for Health and Wellbeing, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK.
authors: Danny F
authors: DF
authors: Mackay
authors: 1 Institute for Health and Wellbeing, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK.
authors: Jill P
authors: JP
authors: Pell
authors: 3 Institute of Applied Health Research, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK.
authors: Kar Keung
authors: KK
authors: Cheng
authors: 4 School of Public Health, University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong, China.
authors: Tai Hing
authors: TH
authors: Lam
authors: 3 Institute of Applied Health Research, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK.
authors: G Neil
authors: GN
authors: Thomas
mesh_terms: D055109:Ankle Brachial Index; D016009:Chi-Square Distribution; D002681:China / Q000453:epidemiology; D015897:Comorbidity; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D016015:Logistic Models; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D015999:Multivariate Analysis; D016017:Odds Ratio; D058729:Peripheral Arterial Disease / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology*; D018570:Risk Assessment; D012307:Risk Factors; D013997:Time Factors; D014015:Tissue Banks; D014028:Tobacco Smoke Pollution / Q000009:adverse effects*
chemical_list: D014028:Tobacco Smoke Pollution
keywords: China; Peripheral arterial disease; secondhand smoke; tobacco smoke pollution