title: Cytotoxicity of Pd nanostructures supported on PEN: Influence of sterilization on Pd/PEN interface.
abstract: Non-conventional antimicrobial agents, such as palladium nanostructures, have been increasingly used in the medicinal technology. However, experiences uncovering their harmful and damaging effects to human health have begun to appear. In this study, we have focused on in vitro cytotoxicity assessment of Pd nanostructures supported on a biocompatible polymer. Pd nanolayers of variable thicknesses (ranging from 1.1 to 22.4nm) were sputtered on polyethylene naphthalate (PEN). These nanolayers were transformed by low-temperature post-deposition annealing into discrete nanoislands. Samples were characterized by AFM, XPS, ICP-MS and electrokinetic analysis before and after annealing. Sterilization of samples prior to cytotoxicity testing was done by UV irradiation, autoclave and/or ethanol. Among the listed sterilization techniques, we have chosen the gentlest one which had minimal impact on sample morphology, Pd dissolution and overall Pd/PEN interface quality. Cytotoxic response of Pd nanostructures was determined by WST-1 cell viability assay in vitro using three model cell lines: mouse macrophages (RAW 264.7) and two types of mouse embryonic fibroblasts (L929 and NIH 3T3). Finally, cell morphology in response to Pd/PEN was evaluated by means of fluorescence microscopy.
authors: Department of Solid State Engineering, University of Chemistry and Technology Prague, 166 28 Prague, Czech Republic. Electronic address: polivkoa@vscht.cz.
authors: M
authors: M
authors: Polívková
authors: Department of Solid State Engineering, University of Chemistry and Technology Prague, 166 28 Prague, Czech Republic.
authors: J
authors: J
authors: Siegel
authors: Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, University of Chemistry and Technology Prague, 166 28 Prague, Czech Republic.
authors: S
authors: S
authors: Rimpelová
authors: Institute of Hydrobiology, Biology Centre of the AS CR, 370 05 Ceske Budejovice, Czech Republic.
authors: T
authors: T
authors: Hubáček
authors: Materials Centre of Usti n. L., J.E. Purkyne University, 400 96 Usti nad Labem, Czech Republic.
authors: Z
authors: Z
authors: Kolská
authors: Department of Solid State Engineering, University of Chemistry and Technology Prague, 166 28 Prague, Czech Republic.
authors: V
authors: V
authors: Švorčík
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D016923:Cell Death / Q000187:drug effects; D005347:Fibroblasts / Q000166:cytology / Q000187:drug effects; D051379:Mice; D018625:Microscopy, Atomic Force; D041681:NIH 3T3 Cells; D049329:Nanostructures / Q000737:chemistry*; D009281:Naphthalenes / Q000737:chemistry*; D010165:Palladium / Q000494:pharmacology*; D020959:Polyethylene / Q000737:chemistry*; D011095:Polyethylenes / Q000737:chemistry*; D000067996:RAW 264.7 Cells; D055672:Static Electricity; D013242:Sterilization; D013499:Surface Properties
chemical_list: D009281:Naphthalenes; D011095:Polyethylenes; C000597025:poly(ethylene naphthalate); D010165:Palladium; D020959:Polyethylene
keywords: Annealing; Cytotoxicity; Nanostructure; Palladium; Polyethylene naphthalate; Sputtering; Sterilization