title: Changes in the levels of l-carnitine, acetyl-l-carnitine and propionyl-l-carnitine are involved in perfluorooctanoic acid induced developmental cardiotoxicity in chicken embryo.
abstract: Perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA), a persistent organic pollutant, is associated with developmental toxicity. This study investigated the mechanism of PFOA-induced developmental cardiotoxicity in chicken embryo, focusing on the interactions between developmental exposure to PFOA and the levels of l-carnitine (LC), acetyl-l-carnitine (ALC) and propionyl-l-carnitine (PLC) in the heart. To evaluate the developmental cardiotoxicity, fertile chicken eggs were exposed to 0.1, 0.5, 1, 2 or 5mg/kg PFOA via air cell injection. Furthermore, exposure to 2mg/kg PFOA, with or without 100mg/kg LC were applied to investigate the effects of LC supplement. The results of functional and morphological assessments confirmed PFOA induced developmental cardiotoxicity in chicken embryo, which could be alleviated by co-exposure to LC. LC-MS/MS results also revealed remarkable decrease in LC, ALC and PLC levels in embryonic day six (ED6) chicken embryo hearts as well as LC level in embryonic day fifteen (ED15) chicken embryo hearts following developmental exposure to 2mg/kg PFOA. Meanwhile, co-exposure to 100mg/kg LC significantly elevated the levels of LC, ALC and PLC in chicken embryo hearts. Significantly elevated expression level of carnitine acetyltransferase (CRAT) in PFOA-exposed ED6 chicken embryo hearts was observed via western blotting, while LC co-exposure counteracted such changes. In conclusion, changes in the levels of LC, ALC and PLC in early embryonic stages are associated with PFOA induced developmental cardiotoxicity in chicken embryos.
authors: Qingdao University Medical College, 308 Ningxia Road, Qingdao, Shandong 266021, China. Electronic address: jiangq08@126.com.
authors: Qixiao
authors: Q
authors: Jiang
authors: Qingdao University Medical College, 308 Ningxia Road, Qingdao, Shandong 266021, China. Electronic address: cbwang666@126.com.
authors: Chunbo
authors: C
authors: Wang
authors: Qingdao University Medical College, 308 Ningxia Road, Qingdao, Shandong 266021, China.
authors: Chan
authors: C
authors: Xue
authors: Qingdao University Medical College, 308 Ningxia Road, Qingdao, Shandong 266021, China.
authors: Lingfang
authors: L
authors: Xue
authors: Qingdao University Medical College, 308 Ningxia Road, Qingdao, Shandong 266021, China.
authors: Meiting
authors: M
authors: Wang
authors: Qingdao University Medical College, 308 Ningxia Road, Qingdao, Shandong 266021, China.
authors: Changhao
authors: C
authors: Li
authors: Qingdao University Medical College, 308 Ningxia Road, Qingdao, Shandong 266021, China.
authors: Ziwen
authors: Z
authors: Deng
authors: Qingdao University Medical College, 308 Ningxia Road, Qingdao, Shandong 266021, China.
authors: Qian
authors: Q
authors: Wang
mesh_terms: D000108:Acetylcarnitine / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000494:pharmacology; D000818:Animals; D015153:Blotting, Western; D002210:Caprylates / Q000633:toxicity*; D066126:Cardiotoxicity; D002331:Carnitine / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000494:pharmacology; D002642:Chick Embryo; D002645:Chickens / Q000254:growth & development / Q000378:metabolism; D002853:Chromatography, Liquid; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D004562:Electrocardiography; D004785:Environmental Pollutants / Q000633:toxicity*; D005466:Fluorocarbons / Q000633:toxicity*; D006321:Heart / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000196:embryology; D009206:Myocardium / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology; D053719:Tandem Mass Spectrometry
chemical_list: D002210:Caprylates; D004785:Environmental Pollutants; D005466:Fluorocarbons; C003223:propionylcarnitine; D000108:Acetylcarnitine; C023036:perfluorooctanoic acid; D002331:Carnitine
keywords: Acetyl-l-carnitine; Carnitine acetyltransferase; Developmental cardiotoxicity; Perfluorooctanoic acid; Propionyl-l-carnitine; l-carnitine