title: Intensive Hemodialysis and Treatment Complications and Tolerability.
abstract: Hemodialysis (HD) treatment can be difficult to tolerate. Common complications are intradialytic hypotension (IDH) and long time to recovery after an HD session. IDH, as defined by nadir systolic blood pressure < 90mmHg and intradialytic decline > 30mmHg, occurs in almost 8% of HD sessions. IDH may be caused by aggressive ultrafiltration in response to interdialytic weight gain, can lead to myocardial stunning and cardiac arrhythmias, and is associated with increased risk for death. Long recovery time after a treatment session is also common. In DOPPS (Dialysis Outcomes and Practice Patterns Study), recovery time was 2 to 6 hours for 41% of HD patients and longer than 6 hours for 27%; recovery time was linearly associated with increased risks for death and hospitalization. Importantly, both decreases in blood pressure and feeling washed out or drained have been identified by patients as more important outcomes than death or hospitalization. Intensive HD likely reduces the likelihood of IDH. In the Frequent Hemodialysis Network trial, short daily and nocturnal schedules reduced the per-session probability of IDH by 20% and 68%, respectively, relative to 3 sessions per week. Due to lower ultrafiltration volume and/or rate, intensive HD may reduce intradialytic blood pressure variability. In a cross-sectional study, short daily and nocturnal schedules were associated with slower ultrafiltration and less dialysis-induced myocardial stunning than 3 sessions per week. In FREEDOM (Following Rehabilitation, Economics, and Everyday-Dialysis Outcome Measurements), a prospective cohort study of short daily HD, recovery time was reduced after 12 months from 8 hours to 1 hour, according to per-protocol analysis. Recovery time after nocturnal HD may be minutes. In conclusion, intensive HD can improve the tolerability of HD treatment by reducing the risk for IDH and decreasing recovery time after HD. These changes may improve the patient centeredness of end-stage renal disease care.
authors: University of California, Davis, School of Medicine, Sacramento, CA.
authors: Jose A
authors: JA
authors: Morfin
authors: Department of Renal Medicine, Royal Derby Hospital, Derby, United Kingdom.
authors: Richard J
authors: RJ
authors: Fluck
authors: Department of Pharmaceutical Care and Health Systems, College of Pharmacy, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN. Electronic address: wein0205@umn.edu.
authors: Eric D
authors: ED
authors: Weinhandl
authors: Department of Nephrology and Hypertension, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH.
authors: Sheru
authors: S
authors: Kansal
authors: Baylor University Medical Center, Dallas, TX; Baylor Heart and Vascular Institute, Dallas, TX; Baylor Jack and Jane Hamilton Heart and Vascular Hospital, Dallas, TX; The Heart Hospital Baylor Plano, Plano, TX.
authors: Peter A
authors: PA
authors: McCullough
authors: Section of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Canada; Department of Community Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Canada; Seven Oaks General Hospital Renal Program, Winnipeg, Canada.
authors: Paul
authors: P
authors: Komenda
mesh_terms: D006801:Humans; D007022:Hypotension / Q000209:etiology; D007676:Kidney Failure, Chronic / Q000628:therapy*; D006435:Renal Dialysis / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000379:methods
keywords: Chronic kidney disease; Frequent Hemodialysis Network; complications; daily dialysis; dialysis adequacy; end stage renal disease (ESRD); fatigue; home dialysis; intensive hemodialysis; intradialytic hypotension; nocturnal hemodialysis; organ stunning; recovery time; review; short daily hemodialysis; treatment tolerability; ultrafiltration