title: Hemodialysis patients receiving a greater Kt dose than recommended have reduced mortality and hospitalization risk.
abstract: Achieving an adequate dialysis dose is one of the key goals for dialysis treatments. Here we assessed whether patients receiving the current cleared plasma volume (Kt), individualized for body surface area per recommendations, had improved survival and reduced hospitalizations at 2 years of follow-up. Additionally, we assessed whether patients receiving a greater dose gained more benefit. This prospective, observational, multicenter study included 6129 patients in 65 Fresenius Medical Care Spanish facilities. Patients were classified monthly into 1 of 10 risk groups based on the difference between achieved and target Kt. Patient groups with a more negative relationship were significantly older with a higher percentage of diabetes mellitus and catheter access. Treatment dialysis time, effective blood flow, and percentage of on-line hemodiafiltration were significantly higher in groups with a higher dose. The mortality risk profile showed a progressive increase when achieved minus target Kt became more negative but was significantly lower in the group with 1 to 3 L clearance above target Kt and in groups with greater increases above target Kt. Additionally, hospitalization risk appeared significantly reduced in groups receiving 9 L or more above the minimum target. Thus, prescribing an additional 3 L or more above the minimum Kt dose could potentially reduce mortality risk, and 9 L or more reduce hospitalization risk. As such, future prospective studies are required to confirm these dose effect findings.
authors: Nephrology Department, Hospital Clínic, Barcelona, Spain. Electronic address: fmaduell@clinic.ub.es.
authors: Francisco
authors: F
authors: Maduell
authors: Dirección Médica, Fresenius Medical Care, Madrid, Spain.
authors: Rosa
authors: R
authors: Ramos
authors: Dirección Médica, Fresenius Medical Care, Madrid, Spain.
authors: Javier
authors: J
authors: Varas
authors: Nephrology Department, Hospital Universitario Reina Sofía, Córdoba, Spain.
authors: Alejandro
authors: A
authors: Martin-Malo
authors: Servicio de Nefrología, Hospital Universitario Santa Lucía, Cartagena, Murcia, Spain.
authors: Manuel
authors: M
authors: Molina
authors: Servicio de Nefrología, Hospital Universitario Infanta Leonor, Madrid, Spain.
authors: Rafael
authors: R
authors: Pérez-Garcia
authors: Clinical and Epidemiological Research, Fresenius Medical Care, Bad Homburg, Germany.
authors: Daniele
authors: D
authors: Marcelli
authors: Dirección Médica, Fresenius Medical Care, Madrid, Spain.
authors: Francesc
authors: F
authors: Moreso
authors: Nephrology Department, Hospital Universitario Reina Sofía, Córdoba, Spain.
authors: Pedro
authors: P
authors: Aljama
authors: Dirección Médica, Fresenius Medical Care, Madrid, Spain.
authors: Jose Ignacio
authors: JI
authors: Merello
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000418:Albumins / Q000378:metabolism; D002097:C-Reactive Protein / Q000378:metabolism; D005260:Female; D006454:Hemoglobins / Q000378:metabolism; D006760:Hospitalization / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D006801:Humans; D007676:Kidney Failure, Chronic / Q000097:blood / Q000401:mortality / Q000628:therapy*; D008297:Male; D011446:Prospective Studies; D006435:Renal Dialysis / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D013030:Spain / Q000453:epidemiology
chemical_list: D000418:Albumins; D006454:Hemoglobins; D002097:C-Reactive Protein
keywords: Kt; adequacy; hospitalization; ionic dialysance; survival