title: Interactive roles of the cerebellum and striatum in sub-second and supra-second timing: Support for an initiation, continuation, adjustment, and termination (ICAT) model of temporal processing.
abstract: The contributions of cortico-cerebellar and cortico-striatal circuits to timing and time perception have often been a point of contention. In this review we propose that the cerebellum principally functions to reduce variability, through the detection of stimulus onsets and the sub-division of longer durations, thus contributing to both sub-second and supra-second timing. This sensitivity of the cerebellum to stimulus dynamics and subsequent integration with motor control allows it to accurately measure intervals within a range of 100-2000ms. For intervals in the supra-second range (e.g., >2000ms), we propose that cerebellar output signals from the dentate nucleus pass through thalamic connections to the striatum, where cortico-thalamic-striatal circuits supporting higher-level cognitive functions take over. Moreover, the importance of intrinsic circuit dynamics as well as behavioral, neuroimaging, and lesion studies of the cerebellum and striatum are discussed in terms of a framework positing initiation, continuation, adjustment, and termination phases of temporal processing.
authors: Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA.
authors: Elijah A
authors: EA
authors: Petter
authors: Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA.
authors: Nicholas A
authors: NA
authors: Lusk
authors: Department of Experimental Medical Science, Lund University, Lund, Sweden.
authors: Germund
authors: G
authors: Hesslow
authors: Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA. Electronic address: meck@psych.duke.edu.
authors: Warren H
authors: WH
authors: Meck
mesh_terms: D002531:Cerebellum; D003342:Corpus Striatum; D006801:Humans; D013788:Thalamus; D013998:Time Perception
keywords: Degeneracy; Interval timing; Medium spiny neurons; Neural oscillations; Purkinje cells; Striatal beat-frequency model; Time perception