title: Increased Abundance of Proteins Involved in Resistance to Oxidative and Nitrosative Stress at the Last Stages of Growth and Development of Leishmania amazonensis Promastigotes Revealed by Proteome Analysis.
abstract: Leishmania amazonensis is one of the major etiological agents of the neglected, stigmatizing disease termed american cutaneous leishmaniasis (ACL). ACL is a zoonosis and rodents are the main reservoirs. Most cases of ACL are reported in Brazil, Bolivia, Colombia and Peru. The biological cycle of the parasite is digenetic because sand fly vectors transmit the motile promastigote stage to the mammalian host dermis during blood meal intakes. The amastigote stage survives within phagocytes of the mammalian host. The purpose of this study is detection and identification of changes in protein abundance by 2DE/MALDI-TOF/TOF at the main growth phases of L. amazonensis promastigotes in axenic culture and the differentiation process that takes place simultaneously. The average number of proteins detected per gel is 202 and the non-redundant cumulative number is 339. Of those, 63 are differentially abundant throughout growth and simultaneous differentiation of L. amazonensis promastigotes. The main finding is that certain proteins involved in resistance to nitrosative and oxidative stress are more abundant at the last stages of growth and differentiation of cultured L. amazonensis promastigotes. These proteins are the arginase, a light variant of the tryparedoxin peroxidase, the iron superoxide dismutase, the regulatory subunit of the protein kinase A and a light HSP70 variant. These data taken together with the decrease of the stress-inducible protein 1 levels are additional evidence supporting the previously described pre-adaptative hypothesis, which consists of preparation in advance towards the amastigote stage.
authors: Departamento de Microbiología Molecular y Biología de las Infecciones y Servicio de Proteómica y Genómica, Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas (Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas), Calle Ramiro de Maeztu 9, 28040, Madrid, Spain.
authors: Pedro J
authors: http://orcid.org/0000-0002-0729-8941
authors: PJ
authors: Alcolea
authors: Departamento de Microbiología Molecular y Biología de las Infecciones y Servicio de Proteómica y Genómica, Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas (Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas), Calle Ramiro de Maeztu 9, 28040, Madrid, Spain.
authors: Ana
authors: A
authors: Alonso
authors: Departamento de Microbiología Molecular y Biología de las Infecciones y Servicio de Proteómica y Genómica, Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas (Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas), Calle Ramiro de Maeztu 9, 28040, Madrid, Spain.
authors: Francisco
authors: F
authors: García-Tabares
authors: Unidad de Proteómica, Centro Nacional de Biotecnología (Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas), Calle Darwin 3, 28049, Madrid, Spain.
authors: María C
authors: MC
authors: Mena
authors: Unidad de Proteómica, Centro Nacional de Biotecnología (Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas), Calle Darwin 3, 28049, Madrid, Spain.
authors: Sergio
authors: S
authors: Ciordia
authors: Departamento de Microbiología Molecular y Biología de las Infecciones y Servicio de Proteómica y Genómica, Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas (Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas), Calle Ramiro de Maeztu 9, 28040, Madrid, Spain.
authors: Vicente
authors: V
authors: Larraga
mesh_terms: D015180:Electrophoresis, Gel, Two-Dimensional; D007891:Leishmania / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D015538:Nitrosation; D018384:Oxidative Stress; D059748:Proteolysis; D020543:Proteome; D015800:Protozoan Proteins / Q000378:metabolism*; D015398:Signal Transduction; D019032:Spectrometry, Mass, Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption-Ionization; D015854:Up-Regulation
chemical_list: D020543:Proteome; D015800:Protozoan Proteins