title: Oxidative stress responses of Daphnia magna exposed to effluents spiked with emerging contaminants under ozonation and advanced oxidation processes.
abstract: Integration of conventional wastewater treatments with advanced oxidation processes (AOPs) has become of great interest to remove pharmaceuticals and their metabolites from wastewater. However, application of these technologies generates reactive oxygen species (ROS) that may reach superficial waters through effluents from sewage treatment plants. The main objective of the present study was to elucidate if ROS present in real effluents after biological and then chemical (single ozonation, solar photolytic ozonation, solar photocatalytic ozonation (TiO2, Fe3O4) and solar photocatalytic oxidation (TiO2)) treatments induce oxidative stress in Daphnia magna. For this, the activity of two antioxidant enzymes (superoxide dismutase and catalase) and the level of lipid peroxidation were determined in Daphnia. The results of oxidative stress biomarkers studied suggest that D. magna is able to cope with the superoxide ion radical (O2·-) present in the treated effluent due to single ozonation by mainly inducing the antioxidant activity superoxide dismutase, thus preventing lipid peroxidation. Lethal effects (measured in terms of immobility) were not observed in these organisms after exposure to any solution. Therefore, in order to probe the ecological efficiency of urban wastewater treatments, studies on lethal and sublethal effects in D. magna would be advisable.
authors: Unidad de Toxicología, Departamento de Sanidad Animal, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Extremadura, 06071, Badajoz, Spain. aoropesa@unex.es.|INBIO G+C - Instituto Universitario de Investigación en Biotecnología Ganadera y Cinegética, Universidad de Extremadura, 10003, Cáceres, Spain. aoropesa@unex.es.
authors: Ana Lourdes
authors: AL
authors: Oropesa
authors: MARE - Marine and Environmental Sciences Centre, ESTM, Instituto Politécnico de Leiria, 2520-641, Peniche, Portugal.
authors: Sara C
authors: SC
authors: Novais
authors: MARE - Marine and Environmental Sciences Centre, ESTM, Instituto Politécnico de Leiria, 2520-641, Peniche, Portugal.
authors: Marco F L
authors: MF
authors: Lemos
authors: Departamento de Ingeniería Química y Química Física, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Extremadura, 06071, Badajoz, Spain.
authors: Azahara
authors: A
authors: Espejo
authors: Department of Biology & CESAM, University of Aveiro, 3810-193, Aveiro, Portugal.
authors: Carlos
authors: C
authors: Gravato
authors: Departamento de Ingeniería Química y Química Física, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Extremadura, 06071, Badajoz, Spain.|IACYS - Instituto Universitario de Investigación del Agua, Cambio Climático y Sostenibilidad, Universidad de Extremadura, 06071, Badajoz, Spain.
authors: Fernando
authors: F
authors: Beltrán
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D057919:Biological Oxygen Demand Analysis; D002264:Carboxylic Acids / Q000032:analysis; D002374:Catalase / Q000378:metabolism; D003621:Daphnia / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000201:enzymology; D015227:Lipid Peroxidation / Q000187:drug effects; D010084:Oxidation-Reduction; D018384:Oxidative Stress / Q000187:drug effects*; D010126:Ozone / Q000737:chemistry; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species / Q000378:metabolism; D012722:Sewage; D013472:Sunlight; D013482:Superoxide Dismutase / Q000378:metabolism; D062065:Wastewater / Q000737:chemistry; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical / Q000032:analysis / Q000633:toxicity*; D018508:Water Purification
chemical_list: D002264:Carboxylic Acids; D002374:Catalase; D010126:Ozone; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species; D012722:Sewage; D013482:Superoxide Dismutase; D062065:Wastewater; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical
keywords: Advanced oxidation processes; Daphnia magna; Enzymatic antioxidant defenses; Lipid peroxidation; Pharmaceuticals