title: Primary Care Interventions to Support Breastfeeding: US Preventive Services Task Force Recommendation Statement.
abstract: There is convincing evidence that breastfeeding provides substantial health benefits for children. However, nearly half of all US mothers who initially breastfeed stop doing so by 6 months, and there are significant disparities in breastfeeding rates among younger mothers and in disadvantaged communities.
  
  
  
  To update the 2008 US Preventive Services Task Force (USPSTF) recommendation on primary care interventions to promote breastfeeding.
  
  
  
  The USPSTF reviewed the evidence on the effectiveness of interventions to support breastfeeding on breastfeeding initiation, duration, and exclusivity. The USPSTF also briefly reviewed the literature on the effects of these interventions on child and maternal health outcomes.
  
  
  
  The USPSTF found adequate evidence that interventions to support breastfeeding, including professional support, peer support, and formal education, change behavior and that the harms of these interventions are no greater than small. The USPSTF concludes with moderate certainty that interventions to support breastfeeding have a moderate net benefit.
  
  
  
  The USPSTF recommends providing interventions during pregnancy and after birth to support breastfeeding. (B recommendation).
authors: University of California, San Francisco.
authors: Kirsten
authors: K
authors: Bibbins-Domingo
authors: Group Health Research Institute, Seattle, Washington.
authors: David C
authors: DC
authors: Grossman
authors: University of Iowa, Iowa City.
authors: Susan J
authors: SJ
authors: Curry
authors: Columbia University, New York, New York.
authors: Karina W
authors: KW
authors: Davidson
authors: State University of New York Upstate Medical University, Syracuse.
authors: John W
authors: JW
authors: Epling
authors: Pima County Department of Health, Tucson, Arizona.
authors: Francisco A R
authors: FA
authors: García
authors: Duke University, Durham, North Carolina.
authors: Alex R
authors: AR
authors: Kemper
authors: Fairfax Family Practice Residency, Fairfax, Virginia9Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond.
authors: Alex H
authors: AH
authors: Krist
authors: Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut.
authors: Ann E
authors: AE
authors: Kurth
authors: University of Alabama at Birmingham.
authors: C Seth
authors: CS
authors: Landefeld
authors: University of California, Los Angeles.
authors: Carol M
authors: CM
authors: Mangione
authors: University of Washington, Seattle.
authors: William R
authors: WR
authors: Phillips
authors: Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island.
authors: Maureen G
authors: MG
authors: Phipps
authors: University of Texas at Austin.
authors: Michael P
authors: MP
authors: Pignone
mesh_terms: D026683:Advisory Committees; D001942:Breast Feeding; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D010379:Peer Group; D011320:Primary Health Care / Q000379:methods*; D014481:United States