title: Discrimination and Nitric Oxide Inhibitory Activity Correlation of Ajwa Dates from Different Grades and Origin.
abstract: This study was aimed at examining the variations in the metabolite constituents of the different Ajwa grades and farm origins. It is also targeted at establishing the correlations between the metabolite contents and the grades and further to the nitric oxide (NO) inhibitory activity. Identification of the metabolites was generated using ¹H-NMR spectroscopy metabolomics analyses utilizing multivariate methods. The NO inhibitory activity was determined using a Griess assay. Multivariate data analysis, for both supervised and unsupervised approaches, showed clusters among different grades of Ajwa dates obtained from different farms. The compounds that contribute towards the observed separation between Ajwa samples were suggested to be phenolic compounds, ascorbic acid and phenylalanine. Ajwa dates were shown to have different metabolite compositions and exhibited a wide range of NO inhibitory activity. It is also revealed that Ajwa Grade 1 from the al-Aliah farm exhibited more than 90% NO inhibitory activity compared to the other grades and origins. Phenolic compounds were among the compounds that played a role towards the greater capacity of NO inhibitory activity shown by Ajwa Grade 1 from the al-Aliah farm.
authors: Laboratory of Natural Products, Institute of Bioscience, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 Serdang, Malaysia. shikinhamid89@yahoo.com.
authors: Nur Ashikin
authors: NA
authors: Abdul-Hamid
authors: Department of Food Science, Faculty of Food Science and Technology, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 Serdang, Malaysia. mediani82@yahoo.fr.
authors: Ahmed
authors: A
authors: Mediani
authors: Laboratory of Natural Products, Institute of Bioscience, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 Serdang, Malaysia. maulidiani@upm.edu.my.
authors: M
authors: M
authors: Maulidiani
authors: Laboratory of Natural Products, Institute of Bioscience, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 Serdang, Malaysia. faridah_abas@upm.edu.my.|Department of Food Science, Faculty of Food Science and Technology, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 Serdang, Malaysia. faridah_abas@upm.edu.my.
authors: Faridah
authors: F
authors: Abas
authors: Laboratory of Natural Products, Institute of Bioscience, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 Serdang, Malaysia. safinar@upm.edu.my.|Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 Serdang, Malaysia. safinar@upm.edu.my.
authors: Intan Safinar
authors: IS
authors: Ismail
authors: Laboratory of Natural Products, Institute of Bioscience, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 Serdang, Malaysia. khozirah@yahoo.com.my.|Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 Serdang, Malaysia. khozirah@yahoo.com.my.
authors: Khozirah
authors: K
authors: Shaari
authors: Laboratory of Natural Products, Institute of Bioscience, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 Serdang, Malaysia. nordinlajis@gmail.com.
authors: Nordin H
authors: NH
authors: Lajis
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000893:Anti-Inflammatory Agents / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology*; D001205:Ascorbic Acid / Q000032:analysis; D005638:Fruit / Q000737:chemistry; D055432:Metabolomics; D051379:Mice; D009569:Nitric Oxide / Q000378:metabolism*; D018384:Oxidative Stress / Q000187:drug effects; D010636:Phenols / Q000032:analysis; D010649:Phenylalanine / Q000032:analysis; D065749:Phoeniceae / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000145:classification; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology*; D066244:Proton Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; D000067996:RAW 264.7 Cells
chemical_list: D000893:Anti-Inflammatory Agents; D010636:Phenols; D010936:Plant Extracts; D009569:Nitric Oxide; D010649:Phenylalanine; D001205:Ascorbic Acid
keywords: Ajwa dates; NMR metabolomics; Phoenix dactylifera; RAW 264.7 cells; nitric oxide