title: The Comparative Study on the Rapid Decolorization of Azo, Anthraquinone and Triphenylmethane Dyes by Anaerobic Sludge.
abstract: An anaerobic sludge (AS), capable of decolorizing a variety of synthetic dyes, was acclimated and is reported here. The sludge presented a much better dye decolorizing ability than that of different individual strains. A broad spectrum of dyes could be decolorized by the sludge. Continuous decolorization tests showed that the sludge exhibited the ability to decolorize repeated additions of dye. The chemical oxygen demand (COD) removal rate of the dye wastewater reached 52% after 12 h of incubation. Polymerase chain reaction and denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (PCR-DGGE) profiles revealed that the microbial community changed as a result of varying initial concentrations of dyes. Phylogenetic analysis indicated that microbial populations in the sludge belonged to the phyla Acidobacteria, Firmicutes, Bacteroidetes, Chloroflexi and Proteobacteria. The degradation products of the three types of dye were identified. For azo dyes, the anaerobic sludge converted Methyl Orange toN,N-dimethylbenzene-1,4-diamine and 4-aminobenzenesulfonic acid; for triphenylmethane dyes, after Malachite Green was decolorized, the analyzed products were found to be a mixture ofN,N-dimethylbenzenamine, 3-dimethyl-aminophenol and 4-dimethylaminobenzophenone; for anthraquinone dyes, two products (acetophenone and 2-methylbenzoic acid) were observed after Reactive Blue 19 decolorization. Together, these results suggest that the anaerobic sludge has promising potential for use in the treatment of industrial wastewater containing various types of dyes.
authors: College of Life Science, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, China. echoblack2016@163.com.
authors: Daizong
authors: D
authors: Cui
authors: College of Life Science, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, China. fmswd@163.com.
authors: Hao
authors: H
authors: Zhang
authors: College of Life Science, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, China. m82191513@163.com.
authors: Rubao
authors: R
authors: He
authors: College of Life Science, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, China. siyu19831114@163.com.
authors: Min
authors: M
authors: Zhao
mesh_terms: D000693:Anaerobiosis; D000880:Anthraquinones / Q000032:analysis / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism*; D001391:Azo Compounds / Q000032:analysis / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism*; D002681:China; D004396:Coloring Agents / Q000032:analysis / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism*; D058645:Denaturing Gradient Gel Electrophoresis; D004787:Environmental Pollution / Q000032:analysis*; D006801:Humans; D007220:Industrial Waste; D010084:Oxidation-Reduction; D010802:Phylogeny; D016133:Polymerase Chain Reaction; D012722:Sewage / Q000382:microbiology*; D014320:Triphenylmethyl Compounds / Q000032:analysis / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism*; D014871:Water Microbiology
chemical_list: D000880:Anthraquinones; D001391:Azo Compounds; D004396:Coloring Agents; D007220:Industrial Waste; D012722:Sewage; D014320:Triphenylmethyl Compounds; C046945:triphenylmethane
keywords: anaerobic sludge; biodegradation; decolorization; intermediates; microbial community; synthetic dyes