title: The Terroir Concept Interpreted through Grape Berry Metabolomics and Transcriptomics.
abstract: Terroir refers to the combination of environmental factors that affect the characteristics of crops such as grapevine (Vitis vinifera) according to particular habitats and management practices. This article shows how certain terroir signatures can be detected in the berry metabolome and transcriptome of the grapevine cultivar Corvina using multivariate statistical analysis. The method first requires an appropriate sampling plan. In this case study, a specific clone of the Corvina cultivar was selected to minimize genetic differences, and samples were collected from seven vineyards representing three different macro-zones during three different growing seasons. An untargeted LC-MS metabolomics approach is recommended due to its high sensitivity, accompanied by efficient data processing using MZmine software and a metabolite identification strategy based on fragmentation tree analysis. Comprehensive transcriptome analysis can be achieved using microarrays containing probes covering ~99% of all predicted grapevine genes, allowing the simultaneous analysis of all differentially expressed genes in the context of different terroirs. Finally, multivariate data analysis based on projection methods can be used to overcome the strong vintage-specific effect, allowing the metabolomics and transcriptomics data to be integrated and analyzed in detail to identify informative correlations.
authors: Biotechnology Department, University of Verona.
authors: Silvia
authors: S
authors: Dal Santo
authors: Biotechnology Department, University of Verona.
authors: Mauro
authors: M
authors: Commisso
authors: Biotechnology Department, University of Verona.
authors: Erica
authors: E
authors: D'Incà
authors: Biotechnology Department, University of Verona; Lab. of Bioorganic Chemistry, Physics Department, University of Trento.
authors: Andrea
authors: A
authors: Anesi
authors: S-IN Soluzioni Informatiche.
authors: Matteo
authors: M
authors: Stocchero
authors: Biotechnology Department, University of Verona.
authors: Sara
authors: S
authors: Zenoni
authors: Biotechnology Department, University of Verona.
authors: Stefania
authors: S
authors: Ceoldo
authors: Biotechnology Department, University of Verona.
authors: Giovanni B
authors: GB
authors: Tornielli
authors: Biotechnology Department, University of Verona.
authors: Mario
authors: M
authors: Pezzotti
authors: Biotechnology Department, University of Verona; flavia.guzzo@univr.it.
authors: Flavia
authors: F
authors: Guzzo
mesh_terms: D000383:Agriculture; D004777:Environment; D005638:Fruit; D020869:Gene Expression Profiling; D055442:Metabolome; D055432:Metabolomics; D059467:Transcriptome; D027843:Vitis