title: Validation of the Social Networking Activity Intensity Scale among Junior Middle School Students in China.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Online social networking use has been integrated into adolescents' daily life and the intensity of online social networking use may have important consequences on adolescents' well-being. However, there are few validated instruments to measure social networking use intensity. The present study aims to develop the Social Networking Activity Intensity Scale (SNAIS) and validate it among junior middle school students in China.
  
  
  METHODS
  A total of 910 students who were social networking users were recruited from two junior middle schools in Guangzhou, and 114 students were retested after two weeks to examine the test-retest reliability. The psychometrics of the SNAIS were estimated using appropriate statistical methods.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Two factors, Social Function Use Intensity (SFUI) and Entertainment Function Use Intensity (EFUI), were clearly identified by both exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses. No ceiling or floor effects were observed for the SNAIS and its two subscales. The SNAIS and its two subscales exhibited acceptable reliability (Cronbach's alpha = 0.89, 0.90 and 0.60, and test-retest Intra-class Correlation Coefficient = 0.85, 0.87 and 0.67 for Overall scale, SFUI and EFUI subscale, respectively, p<0.001). As expected, the SNAIS and its subscale scores were correlated significantly with emotional connection to social networking, social networking addiction, Internet addiction, and characteristics related to social networking use.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The SNAIS is an easily self-administered scale with good psychometric properties. It would facilitate more research in this field worldwide and specifically in the Chinese population.
authors: Division of Behavioral Health and Health Promotion, The Jockey Club School of Public Health and Primary Care, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.|Department of Clinical Research, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, China.
authors: Jibin
authors: J
authors: Li
authors: Division of Behavioral Health and Health Promotion, The Jockey Club School of Public Health and Primary Care, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.|The Chinese University of Hong Kong Shenzhen Research Institute (SZRI), Shenzhen, China.
authors: Joseph T F
authors: JT
authors: Lau
authors: Division of Behavioral Health and Health Promotion, The Jockey Club School of Public Health and Primary Care, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.|The Chinese University of Hong Kong Shenzhen Research Institute (SZRI), Shenzhen, China.
authors: Phoenix K H
authors: PK
authors: Mo
authors: Division of Behavioral Health and Health Promotion, The Jockey Club School of Public Health and Primary Care, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.|The Chinese University of Hong Kong Shenzhen Research Institute (SZRI), Shenzhen, China.
authors: Xuefen
authors: X
authors: Su
authors: Department of Psychology, Faculty of Social Sciences, University of Macau, Macao, China.
authors: Anise M S
authors: AM
authors: Wu
authors: Center for Health Education in Guangdong Province, Guangdong, China.
authors: Jie
authors: J
authors: Tang
authors: Center for Health Education in Guangdong Province, Guangdong, China.
authors: Zuguo
authors: Z
authors: Qin
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D002681:China; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D020407:Internet; D008297:Male; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D012424:Rural Population; D012574:Schools; D061108:Social Media; D060756:Social Networking; D013334:Students; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D014505:Urban Population