title: The Effect of Operating Lamps on the Protected Area of a Unidirectional Down Flow (UDF) System.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Operating lamps are often seen as the most disruptive factors within the protective area in the operating theater (OT). The effect of the operation lamps (with different shapes) should be demonstrated in an OT by trial, since research on the effects of the lamps is still limited.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  The main aim of this study was to determine the effects of a skirt, different lamps, and the position of the lamp on the protected area.
  
  
  METHODS
  The concentration of airborne particles was measured under different circumstances, in order to determine the size and quality of the protected area. This entrainment/segregation test is based on the deliberate and controlled emission of particles outside the zone that is protected.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The degree of protection (DP) at the center of the protected area was higher for the case with the skirt. This skirt stimulates more down flow and prevents the early entry of particles into the protected area. It can also be concluded that Lamp Y, due to its open shape, has the most positive effect on the DP at the center. It has also been shown that the position of the lamp has an effect on the protected area.
authors: 1 TNO, Delft, the Netherlands.
authors: A A L
authors: AA
authors: Traversari
authors: 1 TNO, Delft, the Netherlands.
authors: C
authors: C
authors: Bottenheft
authors: 1 TNO, Delft, the Netherlands.
authors: R
authors: R
authors: Louman
authors: 1 TNO, Delft, the Netherlands.
authors: S P M
authors: SP
authors: van Heumen
authors: 2 Zuwe Hofpoort Hospital, Corporate Facilities, Woerden, the Netherlands.
authors: J
authors: J
authors: Böggemann
mesh_terms: D008029:Lighting / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000295:instrumentation*; D009873:Operating Rooms; D052638:Particulate Matter / Q000032:analysis*; D014691:Ventilation / Q000379:methods
chemical_list: D052638:Particulate Matter
keywords: air quality; entrainment/segregation test; operating lamps; operating theater; unidirectional down flow (UDF) system