title: Temporomandibular disorder in otolaryngology: systematic review.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Temporomandibular disorder poses a diagnostic challenge to otolaryngologists as orofacial pain, headache and otology symptoms are very common in temporomandibular disorder, and mimic a number of otolaryngological conditions. Missed diagnosis of temporomandibular disorder can lead to unnecessary investigation and treatment, resulting in further patient suffering.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To review the current literature and propose management pathways for otolaryngologists to correctly differentiate temporomandibular disorder from other otolaryngological conditions, and to initiate effective treatment for temporomandibular disorder in collaboration with other health professionals.
  
  
  METHODS
  A systematic review using PubMed and Medline databases was conducted, and data on temporomandibular disorder in conjunction with otolaryngological symptoms were collected for analysis.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Of 4155 potential studies, 33 were retrieved for detailed evaluation and 12 met the study criteria. There are questionnaires, examination techniques and radiological investigations presented in the literature to assist with distinguishing between otolaryngological causes of symptoms and temporomandibular disorder. Simple treatment can be initiated by the otolaryngologist.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Initial temporomandibular disorder treatment steps can be undertaken by the otolaryngologist, with consideration of referral to dentists, oral and maxillofacial surgeons, or physiotherapists if simple pharmacological treatment or temporomandibular disorder exercise fails.
authors: Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery,Modbury Hospital,Adelaide,Australia.
authors: L
authors: L
authors: Stepan
authors: Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery,Modbury Hospital,Adelaide,Australia.
authors: C-K L
authors: CL
authors: Shaw
authors: Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery,Modbury Hospital,Adelaide,Australia.
authors: S
authors: S
authors: Oue
mesh_terms: D003937:Diagnosis, Differential; D019468:Disease Management; D004433:Earache / Q000209:etiology; D005157:Facial Pain / Q000209:etiology; D006261:Headache / Q000209:etiology; D006801:Humans; D010036:Otolaryngology; D010038:Otorhinolaryngologic Diseases / Q000175:diagnosis*; D013705:Temporomandibular Joint Disorders / Q000150:complications / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000628:therapy; D013706:Temporomandibular Joint Dysfunction Syndrome / Q000150:complications / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000628:therapy
keywords: Temporomandibular Joint; Temporomandibular Joint Disorders; Temporomandibular Joint Dysfunction Syndrome