title: Toward the Development of the Next Generation of a Rapid Diagnostic Test: Synthesis of Glycophosphatidylinositol (GPI) Analogues of Plasmodium falciparum and Immunological Characterization.
abstract: A large number of proteins in malaria parasites are anchored using glycophosphatidylinositols (GPIs) with lipid tails. These GPIs are structurally distinct from human GPIs. Plasmodium falciparum GPIs have been considered as potential vaccine candidates because these molecules are involved in inducing inflammatory responses in human hosts, and natural anti-GPI antibody responses have been shown to be associated with protection against severe disease. GPIs can also be considered as targets for rapid diagnostic tests. Because isolation of native GPIs in large quantities is challenging, development of synthetic GPI molecules can facilitate further exploration of GPI molecules for diagnostics. Here, we report synthesis and immunological characterization of a panel of malaria-specific GPI analogues. A total of three GPI analogues were chemically synthesized and conjugated to a carrier protein to immunize and generate antibodies in rabbits. The rabbit immune sera showed reactivity with synthetic GPIs and native GPIs extracted from P. falciparum parasite, as determined by Luminex and ELISA methods.
authors: Department of Chemistry, Center for Diagnostics and Therapeutics, Georgia State University, 788 Petit Science Center , 161 Jesse Hill Jr. Drive, Atlanta, Georgia 30302, United States.
authors: Bharat P
authors: BP
authors: Gurale
authors: Atlanta Research and Education Foundation , Atlanta, Georgia 30329, United States.
authors: Yun
authors: Y
authors: He
authors: Department of Chemistry, Center for Diagnostics and Therapeutics, Georgia State University, 788 Petit Science Center , 161 Jesse Hill Jr. Drive, Atlanta, Georgia 30302, United States.
authors: Xikai
authors: X
authors: Cui
authors: Department of Chemistry, Center for Diagnostics and Therapeutics, Georgia State University, 788 Petit Science Center , 161 Jesse Hill Jr. Drive, Atlanta, Georgia 30302, United States.
authors: Hieu
authors: H
authors: Dinh
authors: Department of Chemistry, Center for Diagnostics and Therapeutics, Georgia State University, 788 Petit Science Center , 161 Jesse Hill Jr. Drive, Atlanta, Georgia 30302, United States.
authors: Abasaheb N
authors: AN
authors: Dhawane
authors: Malaria Branch, Division of Parasitic Diseases and Malaria, Center for Global Health, Centers of Disease Control and Prevention , Atlanta, Georgia 30329, United States.
authors: Naomi W
authors: NW
authors: Lucchi
authors: Malaria Branch, Division of Parasitic Diseases and Malaria, Center for Global Health, Centers of Disease Control and Prevention , Atlanta, Georgia 30329, United States.
authors: Venkatachalam
authors: V
authors: Udhayakumar
authors: Department of Chemistry, Center for Diagnostics and Therapeutics, Georgia State University, 788 Petit Science Center , 161 Jesse Hill Jr. Drive, Atlanta, Georgia 30302, United States.
authors: Suri S
authors: SS
authors: Iyer
mesh_terms: D000276:Adjuvants, Immunologic / Q000737:chemistry; D000818:Animals; D000913:Antibodies, Protozoan / Q000737:chemistry / Q000276:immunology*; D060326:Chemistry Techniques, Synthetic; D058851:GPI-Linked Proteins / Q000737:chemistry; D017261:Glycosylphosphatidylinositols / Q000138:chemical synthesis / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000276:immunology*; D006433:Hemocyanins / Q000737:chemistry; D007106:Immune Sera; D016778:Malaria, Falciparum / Q000175:diagnosis; D010963:Plasmodium falciparum / Q000276:immunology*; D011817:Rabbits
chemical_list: D000276:Adjuvants, Immunologic; D000913:Antibodies, Protozoan; D058851:GPI-Linked Proteins; D017261:Glycosylphosphatidylinositols; D007106:Immune Sera; D006433:Hemocyanins; C032808:keyhole-limpet hemocyanin