title: Real-time detection of carboplatin using a microfluidic system.
abstract: A microfluidic sensor system based on a carbon nanotube-epoxy composite electrode was fabricated to allow detection of the presence of the anti-cancer drug carboplatin in healthy tissue in real time during chemotherapy. Detection of carboplatin was carried out by observing the effects of the drug on the differential pulse voltammetry of free purine bases using a novel carbon nanotube-epoxy composite electrode. In free solution these electrodes performed better than glassy carbon electrodes for oxidation of the free purine bases AMP and GMP, and than DNA-modified carbon nanotube-epoxy composite sensors for detection of carboplatin. On-line carboplatin detection was performed using a computer-controlled microfluidic platform. The methodology for on-line carboplatin detection was optimised in terms of the analysis time and to allow repeated carboplatin measurement using the same electrode. Microdialysis sampling and our microfluidic platform were combined to give a proof-of-concept system for real-time carboplatin detection with a limit of detection of 0.014 μM carboplatin in the sampled media. This paper is dedicated to Craig Lunte's pioneering work in analysis and microdialysis.
authors: Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Medicine, Prince of Songkla University, Songkhla, Thailand. t.phairatana@gmail.com and Department of Bioengineering, Faculty of Engineering, Imperial College London, London, UK. m.boutelle@imperial.ac.uk.
authors: Tonghathai
authors: T
authors: Phairatana
authors: Department of Bioengineering, Faculty of Engineering, Imperial College London, London, UK. m.boutelle@imperial.ac.uk.
authors: Chi Leng
authors: CL
authors: Leong
authors: Department of Bioengineering, Faculty of Engineering, Imperial College London, London, UK. m.boutelle@imperial.ac.uk.
authors: Sally A N
authors: SA
authors: Gowers
authors: School of Pharmacy and Biomolecular Sciences, University of Brighton, East Sussex, UK.
authors: Bhavik Anil
authors: BA
authors: Patel
authors: Department of Bioengineering, Faculty of Engineering, Imperial College London, London, UK. m.boutelle@imperial.ac.uk.
authors: Martyn G
authors: http://orcid.org/0000-0003-1332-3442
authors: MG
authors: Boutelle
mesh_terms: D002244:Carbon; D016190:Carboplatin / Q000032:analysis*; D004566:Electrodes; D046210:Microfluidic Analytical Techniques; D037742:Nanotubes, Carbon; D010084:Oxidation-Reduction
chemical_list: D037742:Nanotubes, Carbon; D002244:Carbon; D016190:Carboplatin