title: Behavioral responses of zebrafish depend on the type of threatening chemical cues.
abstract: In fish, defensive reactions are induced by different chemical cues that emanate from sense-related stresses [physical, chemical, and visual (visual contact with predator)] or food stresses (acute fasting and chronic food restriction). Using a shuttle box with a two-chamber unmixed laminar flow that allowed fish to remain or flee from a chemical cue, we showed that the avoidance response depended on the type of the chemical cue. We show that zebrafish (Danio rerio) retreated from water conditioned with chemical cues released by chemically or physically stressed fish and acutely fasted fish, but not from water with cues from fish experiencing visual contact with predatory fish or fish suffering from chronic food restriction. Our data reinforced the hypothesis that fish use a combination of information and the context of the situation to determine their evasion strategy.
authors: Programa de Pós-Graduação em Farmacologia, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria (UFSM), Santa Maria, RS, Brazil.
authors: Murilo S
authors: MS
authors: Abreu
authors: Universidade de Passo Fundo (UPF), Passo Fundo, RS, Brazil.
authors: Ana Cristina V
authors: AC
authors: Giacomini
authors: Universidade de Passo Fundo (UPF), Passo Fundo, RS, Brazil.
authors: Darlan
authors: D
authors: Gusso
authors: Programa de Pós-Graduação em Farmacologia, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria (UFSM), Santa Maria, RS, Brazil.
authors: Gessi
authors: G
authors: Koakoski
authors: Programa de Pós-Graduação em Farmacologia, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria (UFSM), Santa Maria, RS, Brazil.
authors: Thiago A
authors: TA
authors: Oliveira
authors: Centro Universitário La Salle-Unilasalle, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Avaliação de Impactos Ambientais, Canoas, RS, Brazil.
authors: Alessandra
authors: A
authors: Marqueze
authors: Department of Physiology, Institute of Biosciences of Botucatu, Caunesp, Unesp, Botucau, SP, Brazil.
authors: Rodrigo Egydio
authors: RE
authors: Barreto
authors: Programa de Pós-Graduação em Farmacologia, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria (UFSM), Santa Maria, RS, Brazil. lbarcellos@upf.br.|Universidade de Passo Fundo (UPF), Passo Fundo, RS, Brazil. lbarcellos@upf.br.|Programa de Pós-Graduação em Bioexperimentação, Universidade de Passo Fundo (UPF), Passo Fundo, RS, Brazil. lbarcellos@upf.br.
authors: Leonardo J G
authors: LJ
authors: Barcellos
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001362:Avoidance Learning / Q000502:physiology; D002755:Choice Behavior; D003463:Cues; D005508:Food Deprivation / Q000502:physiology; D011235:Predatory Behavior / Q000502:physiology; D013312:Stress, Physiological / Q000502:physiology; D013550:Swimming; D014796:Visual Perception; D014867:Water / Q000737:chemistry*; D015027:Zebrafish / Q000502:physiology
chemical_list: D014867:Water
keywords: Attraction; Aversion; Chemical cues; Defensive behavior; Zebrafish