title: Differential uptake of nanoparticles by human M1 and M2 polarized macrophages: protein corona as a critical determinant.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To investigate the interaction behavior of M1- and M2-type macrophages with nanoparticles of different sizes with/without the presence of serum.
  
  
  METHODS
  THP-1 human monocytes were differentiated into M1 and M2 macrophages, and the uptake of silica nanoparticle (50-1000 nm) was studied using flow cytometry and different microscopies.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Without serum, higher uptake of all-sized nanoparticles was observed by M1 compared with M2. With serum, uptake of nanoparticles (200-1000 nm) was dramatically increased by M2. Furthermore, serum proteins adsorbed (corona) by nanoparticles were found to be the ligands for receptors expressed by M2, as revealed by SDS-PAGE and gene profiling analyses.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The observed differential uptake by M1 and M2 macrophages will help understand the fate of nanoparticles in vivo.
authors: Department of Biomaterials Science & Technology, Targeted Therapeutics Section, MIRA Institute for Biomedical Technology & Technical Medicine, University of Twente, Enschede, The Netherlands.
authors: Karin A
authors: KA
authors: Binnemars-Postma
authors: Department of Biomaterials Science & Technology, Targeted Therapeutics Section, MIRA Institute for Biomedical Technology & Technical Medicine, University of Twente, Enschede, The Netherlands.
authors: Hetty Wm
authors: HW
authors: Ten Hoopen
authors: Department of Biomaterials Science & Technology, Targeted Therapeutics Section, MIRA Institute for Biomedical Technology & Technical Medicine, University of Twente, Enschede, The Netherlands.|Department of Pharmaceutics, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands.
authors: Gert
authors: G
authors: Storm
authors: Department of Biomaterials Science & Technology, Targeted Therapeutics Section, MIRA Institute for Biomedical Technology & Technical Medicine, University of Twente, Enschede, The Netherlands.
authors: Jai
authors: J
authors: Prakash
mesh_terms: D001798:Blood Proteins / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism; D002454:Cell Differentiation / Q000187:drug effects*; D005434:Flow Cytometry; D006801:Humans; D008024:Ligands; D008264:Macrophages / Q000737:chemistry / Q000187:drug effects*; D053758:Nanoparticles / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000737:chemistry; D010316:Particle Size; D000066970:Protein Corona / Q000737:chemistry*; D012822:Silicon Dioxide / Q000737:chemistry
chemical_list: D001798:Blood Proteins; D008024:Ligands; D000066970:Protein Corona; D012822:Silicon Dioxide
keywords: M1 macrophages; M2 macrophages; complement factor; heat-inactivated serum; nanoparticles; opsonization; phagocytosis; protein corona; serum proteins; silica nanoparticles