title: [Psychological effects of preventive voice care training in student teachers].
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Studies on the effectiveness of preventive voice care programs have focused mainly on voice parameters. Psychological parameters, however, have not been investigated in detail so far.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  The effect of a voice training program for German student teachers on psychological health parameters was investigated in a longitudinal study.
  
  
  METHODS
  The sample of 204 student teachers was divided into the intervention group (n = 123), who participated in the voice training program, and the control group (n = 81), who received no voice training. Voice training contained ten 90-min group courses and an individual visit by the voice trainer in a teaching situation with feedback afterwards. Participants were asked to fill out questionnaires (self-efficacy, Short-Form Health Survey, self-consciousness, voice self-concept, work-related behaviour and experience patterns) at the beginning and the end of their student teacher training period.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The training program showed significant positive influences on psychological health, voice self-concept (i.e. more positive perception and increased awareness of one's own voice) and work-related coping behaviour in the intervention group. On average, the mental health status of all participants reduced over time, whereas the status in the trained group diminished significantly less than in the control group. Furthermore, the trained student teachers gained abilities to cope with work-related stress better than those without training.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The training program clearly showed a positive impact on mental health. The results maintain the importance of such a training program not only for voice health, but also for wide-ranging aspects of constitutional health.
authors: Freiburger Institut für Musikermedizin (FIM), Hochschule für Musik Freiburg und Universitätsklinikum Freiburg, Breisacher Str. 60, 79106, Freiburg, Deutschland. manfred.nusseck@uniklinik-freiburg.de.
authors: M
authors: M
authors: Nusseck
authors: Freiburger Institut für Musikermedizin (FIM), Hochschule für Musik Freiburg und Universitätsklinikum Freiburg, Breisacher Str. 60, 79106, Freiburg, Deutschland.
authors: B
authors: B
authors: Richter
authors: Freiburger Institut für Musikermedizin (FIM), Hochschule für Musik Freiburg und Universitätsklinikum Freiburg, Breisacher Str. 60, 79106, Freiburg, Deutschland.
authors: M
authors: M
authors: Echternach
authors: Freiburger Institut für Musikermedizin (FIM), Hochschule für Musik Freiburg und Universitätsklinikum Freiburg, Breisacher Str. 60, 79106, Freiburg, Deutschland.
authors: C
authors: C
authors: Spahn
mesh_terms: D006801:Humans; D008137:Longitudinal Studies; D013334:Students; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D014831:Voice; D014832:Voice Disorders / Q000523:psychology / Q000628:therapy; D014834:Voice Training
keywords: Coping behaviour; Intervention study; Prevention; Psychological health; Voice training