title: Communication Delays Impact Behavior and Performance Aboard the International Space Station.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Long-duration space explorations will involve significant communication delays that will likely impact individual and team outcomes. However, the extent of these impacts and the appropriate countermeasures for their mitigation remain largely unknown. This study examined the feasibility and acceptability of utilizing the International Space Station (ISS) as a research platform to assess the impacts of communication delays on individual and team behavior and performance.
  
  
  METHODS
  For this study, 3 ISS crewmembers and 18 mission support personnel performed 10 tasks identified by subject matter experts as meeting study criteria, 6 tasks without a delay in communication and 4 tasks with a 50-s one-way delay. Assessments of individual and team performance and behavior were obtained after each task. The completion rate of posttask assessments and postmission interviews with astronauts were used to assess feasibility and acceptability.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Posttask assessments were completed in 100% of the instances where a crewmember was assigned to a task and in 83% where mission support personnel were involved. Qualitative analysis of postmission interviews found the study to be important and acceptable to the three astronauts. However, they also reported the study was limited in the number and type of tasks included, limitations in survey questions, and preference for open-ended to scaled items.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Although the ISS is considered a high fidelity analog for long-duration space missions, future studies of communication delays on the ISS must take into considerations the constraints imposed by mission operations and subject preferences and priorities. Kintz KM, Palinkas LA. Communication delays impact behavior and performance aboard the International Space Station. Aerosp Med Hum Perform. 2017; 87(11):940-946.
authors: School of Social Work, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
authors: Natalie M
authors: NM
authors: Kintz
authors: Lawrence A
authors: LA
authors: Palinkas
mesh_terms: D000337:Aerospace Medicine; D018480:Astronauts; D003142:Communication; D006126:Group Processes; D006801:Humans; D036301:Qualitative Research; D013026:Space Flight; D013647:Task Performance and Analysis; D013997:Time Factors