title: Immune Responses in Rhinovirus-Induced Asthma Exacerbations.
abstract: Acute asthma exacerbations are responsible for urgent care visits and hospitalizations; they interfere with school and work productivity, thereby driving much of the morbidity and mortality associated with asthma. Approximately 80 to 85 % of asthma exacerbations in children, adolescents, and less frequently adults are associated with viral upper respiratory tract viral infections, and rhinovirus (RV) accounts for ∼60-70 % of these virus-associated exacerbations. Evidence suggests that it is not the virus itself but the nature of the immune response to RV that drives this untoward response. In particular, evidence supports the concept that RV acts to exacerbate an ongoing allergic inflammatory response to environmental allergens present at the time of the infection. The interaction of the ongoing IgE- and T cell-mediated response to allergen superimposed on the innate and adaptive immune responses to the virus and how this leads to triggering of an asthma exacerbation is discussed.
authors: Department of Medicine, University of Virginia Health System, Charlottesville, VA, USA.|Carter Immunology Center, University of Virginia Health System, Charlottesville, VA, USA.|Asthma and Allergic Disease Center, University of Virginia Health System, Charlottesville, VA, 22908-1355, USA.
authors: John W
authors: JW
authors: Steinke
authors: Department of Medicine, University of Virginia Health System, Charlottesville, VA, USA. lb4m@virginia.edu.|Department of Microbiology, University of Virginia Health System, Charlottesville, VA, USA. lb4m@virginia.edu.|Carter Immunology Center, University of Virginia Health System, Charlottesville, VA, USA. lb4m@virginia.edu.|Asthma and Allergic Disease Center, University of Virginia Health System, Charlottesville, VA, 22908-1355, USA. lb4m@virginia.edu.
authors: Larry
authors: L
authors: Borish
mesh_terms: D000485:Allergens / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000276:immunology; D001249:Asthma / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000276:immunology; D006801:Humans; D012229:Rhinovirus / Q000276:immunology*
chemical_list: D000485:Allergens
keywords: Adaptive immunity; Asthma; Innate immunity; Pathogenesis; Rhinovirus; Viral-induced asthma exacerbations