title: Electroless Nickel Deposition: An Alternative for Graphene Contacting.
abstract: We report the first investigation into the potential of electroless nickel deposition to form ohmic contacts on single layer graphene. To minimize the contact resistance on graphene, a statistical model was used to improve metal purity, surface roughness, and coverage of the deposited film by controlling the nickel bath parameters (pH and temperature). The metalized graphene layers were patterned using photolithography and contacts deposited at temperatures as low as 60 °C. The contact resistance was 215 ± 23 Ω over a contact area of 200 μm × 200 μm, which improved upon rapid annealing to 107 ± 9 Ω. This method shows promise toward low-cost and large-scale graphene integration into functional devices such as flexible sensors and printed electronics.
authors: Sinziana M
authors: SM
authors: Popescu
authors: Anders J
authors: AJ
authors: Barlow
authors: Sami
authors: S
authors: Ramadan
authors: Srinivas
authors: S
authors: Ganti
authors: School of Energy Studies, Jadavpur University , Kolkata 700 032, India.
authors: Biswajit
authors: B
authors: Ghosh
authors: John
authors: J
authors: Hedley
keywords: contact resistance; contacting graphene; electroless nickel; interface characterization; transmission line method