title: Proteins brighten the brain.
abstract: Through selective activation/inhibition or dissection of neuronal circuits, optogenetic tools have raised hopes for a better understanding of neuropsychiatric mechanisms and therapeutic targets for various disorders. Although, overcoming serious limitations result in from conventional neuronal circuit study, this method has its own imperfections, such as optogenetic modulation of neural activity, using an internal, animal-generated, light source. In this review, limitations of external light delivery systems and possible approaches for using internal light sources in laboratory animals and perhaps, human being, are being addressed.
authors: Psychiatry and Psychology Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; NeuroImmunology Research Association (NIRA), Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN), Tehran, Iran.
authors: Ameneh
authors: A
authors: Zare-Shahabadi
authors: Psychiatry and Psychology Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
authors: Akram
authors: A
authors: Ataei
authors: Research Center for Immunodeficiencies, Children's Medical Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; NeuroImaging Network (NIN), Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN), Los Angeles, CA, USA; Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis Expert Group (SRMEG), Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN), Boston, MA, USA. Electronic address: rezaei_nima@tums.ac.ir.
authors: Nima
authors: N
authors: Rezaei
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001921:Brain / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology; D006801:Humans; D008163:Luminescent Measurements / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods; D008164:Luminescent Proteins / Q000032:analysis* / Q000235:genetics; D009422:Nervous System Diseases / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D009474:Neurons / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D055096:Optical Devices; D062308:Optogenetics / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods*; D015202:Protein Engineering / Q000379:methods
chemical_list: D008164:Luminescent Proteins
keywords: Bioluminescence; Neurological disorders; Optogenetic