title: Pre-exposure to faeces or saliva of Triatoma dimidiata decreases parasitemia in mice challenged with Trypanosoma cruzi: a description of the inflammatory reaction at the inoculation site
abstract: Under natural conditions, Trypanosoma cruzi infection is transmitted to mammals when faeces contaminated with metacyclic trypomastigotes gain access through skin lesions, mucosa or bite wounds. Natural infection of bugs with T. cruzi can vary greatly from less than 1% up to 70%, depending on triatomine species: in the case of Triatoma dimidiata, the percentage of infection is around 30%. In this work uses biological fluids (saliva and faeces) from Triatoma dimidiata to inoculate experimental animals once or multiple times, before inoculation with faeces contaminated with metacyclic trypomastigotes discrete type unit Ia (TcI). The site of infection was analyzed for histological changes based on hematoxile-eosine technique and toluide blue stain for mast cells. Inoculation with saliva led to the recruitment of eosinophils and mononuclear cells at the inoculation site, whereas inoculation with faeces led to the recruitment of neutrophils. Mice inoculated multiple times exhibited a strong inflammatory reaction from the first hour. Mono- or multi-exposure to T. dimidiata fluids before inoculation with metacyclic trypomastigotes helped to control the level of parasitemia. Previous contact with saliva or faeces of T. dimidiata reduces parasitemia in T. cruzi I -infected mice.
authors: Centre for Biomedical Research, Autonomous University of Campeche, Patricio Trueba, Campeche 24090, Mexico
authors: Victor
authors: V
authors: Monteon
authors: Centre for Biomedical Research, Autonomous University of Campeche, Patricio Trueba, Campeche 24090, Mexico
authors: Enrique
authors: E
authors: Quen-Rámirez
authors: Department of Pathology, Centre of Oncology of Campeche, Lázaro Cárdenas 163, Campeche 24090, Mexico
authors: Veronica
authors: V
authors: Macedo-Reyes
authors: Centre for Biomedical Research, Autonomous University of Campeche, Patricio Trueba, Campeche 24090, Mexico
authors: Ruth
authors: R
authors: Lopez
authors: Regional Centre for Biomedical Research, Autonomous University of Yucatan, Itzaes 490, Merida Yucatan 97000, Mexico
authors: Karla
authors: K
authors: Acosta-Viana
authors: Centre for Health Studies, University of the Valley of Guatemala, 18 Avenida 11-95, Guatemala 01015, Guatemala
authors: Pamela
authors: P
authors: Pennigton
authors: LADISER Immunology and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Veracruz, Prol. de Av. Ote 6 1009, Orizaba 94340, Mexico
authors: Angel
authors: A
authors: Ramos-Ligonio
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D014355:Chagas Disease / Q000097:blood / Q000469:parasitology*; D005243:Feces; D007249:Inflammation / Q000276:immunology* / Q000469:parasitology; D051379:Mice; D018512:Parasitemia; D012463:Saliva / Q000276:immunology*; D014224:Triatoma / Q000276:immunology* / Q000469:parasitology; D014349:Trypanosoma cruzi / Q000276:immunology* / Q000502:physiology
keywords: Trypanosoma cruzi; saliva; faeces; Triatoma dimidiata; metacyclic trypomastigotes