title: Nanomaterials-based biosensors for detection of microorganisms and microbial toxins.
abstract: Detection of microorganisms and microbial toxins is important for health and safety. Due to their unique physical and chemical properties, nanomaterials have been extensively used to develop biosensors for rapid detection of microorganisms with microbial cells and toxins as target analytes. In this paper, the design principles of nanomaterials-based biosensors for four selected analyte categories (bacteria cells, toxins, mycotoxins, and protozoa cells), closely associated with the target analytes' properties is reviewed. Five signal transducing methods that are less equipment intensive (colorimetric, fluorimetric, surface enhanced Raman scattering, electrochemical, and magnetic relaxometry methods) is described and compared for their sensory performance (in term oflimit of detection, dynamic range, and response time) for all analyte categories. In the end, the suitability of these five sensing principles for on-site or field applications is discussed. With a comprehensive coverage of nanomaterials, design principles, sensing principles, and assessment on the sensory performance and suitability for on-site application, this review offers valuable insight and perspective for designing suitable nanomaterials-based microorganism biosensors for a given application.
authors: Insitute of Materials Research and Engineering, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Innovis, Singapore.
authors: Laura
authors: L
authors: Sutarlie
authors: Insitute of Materials Research and Engineering, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Innovis, Singapore.
authors: Sian Yang
authors: SY
authors: Ow
authors: Insitute of Materials Research and Engineering, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Innovis, Singapore.|Department of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, Singapore.
authors: Xiaodi
authors: X
authors: Su
mesh_terms: D001427:Bacterial Toxins / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D015374:Biosensing Techniques; D016123:Campylobacter jejuni / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000472:pathogenicity; D016952:Legionella pneumophila / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000472:pathogenicity; D049329:Nanostructures / Q000737:chemistry*; D012486:Salmonella typhimurium / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000472:pathogenicity; D013059:Spectrum Analysis, Raman
chemical_list: D001427:Bacterial Toxins
keywords: Biosensors; Microbial toxins; Microorganisms; Nanomaterials; Nanosensors