title: An analysis of the spongeAcanthostrongylophora igens'microbiome yields an actinomycete that produces the natural product manzamine A.
abstract: Sponges have generated significant interest as a source of bioactive and elaborate secondary metabolites that hold promise for the development of novel therapeutics for the control of an array of human diseases. However, research and development of marine natural products can often be hampered by the difficulty associated with obtaining a stable and sustainable production source. Herein we report the first successful characterization and utilization of the microbiome of a marine invertebrate to identify a sustainable production source for an important natural product scaffold. Through molecular-microbial community analysis, optimization of fermentation conditions and MALDI-MS imaging, we provide the first report of a sponge-associated bacterium (Micromonosporasp.) that produces the manzamine class of antimalarials from the Indo-Pacific spongeAcanthostrongylophora ingens(Thiele, 1899) (Class Demospongiae, Order Haplosclerida, Family Petrosiidae). These findings suggest that a general strategy of analysis of the macroorganism's microbiome could significantly transform the field of natural products drug discovery by gaining access to not only novel drug leads, but the potential for sustainable production sources and biosynthetic genes at the same time.
authors: Division of Pharmacognosy, Department of BioMolecular Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Mississippi, University, MS, USA.
authors: Amanda L
authors: AL
authors: Waters
authors: Institute of Marine and Environmental Technology, University of Maryland Center for Environmental Sciences, Baltimore, MD, USA.
authors: Olivier
authors: O
authors: Peraud
authors: Division of Pharmacognosy, Department of BioMolecular Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Mississippi, University, MS, USA; Faculty of Pharmacy, Gadjah Mada University, Yogyakarta, Indonesia.
authors: Noer
authors: N
authors: Kasanah
authors: Division of Pharmacognosy, Department of BioMolecular Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Mississippi, University, MS, USA.
authors: James W
authors: JW
authors: Sims
authors: Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Mississippi, University, MS, USA.
authors: Nuwan
authors: N
authors: Kothalawala
authors: Institute of Marine and Environmental Technology, University of Maryland Center for Environmental Sciences, Baltimore, MD, USA.
authors: Matthew A
authors: MA
authors: Anderson
authors: Division of Pharmacognosy, Department of BioMolecular Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Mississippi, University, MS, USA.
authors: Samuel H
authors: SH
authors: Abbas
authors: Division of Pharmacognosy, Department of BioMolecular Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Mississippi, University, MS, USA.
authors: Karumanchi V
authors: KV
authors: Rao
authors: Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Mississippi, University, MS, USA.
authors: Vijay R
authors: VR
authors: Jupally
authors: National Center for Coasts and Oceans, National Institute of Water and Atmospheric Research, Auckland, New Zealand.
authors: Michelle
authors: M
authors: Kelly
authors: Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Mississippi, University, MS, USA.
authors: Amala
authors: A
authors: Dass
authors: Institute of Marine and Environmental Technology, University of Maryland Center for Environmental Sciences, Baltimore, MD, USA.
authors: Russell T
authors: RT
authors: Hill
authors: Division of Pharmacognosy, Department of BioMolecular Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Mississippi, University, MS, USA; Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Mississippi, University, MS, USA; Division of Pharmacology, Department of BioMolecular Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Mississippi, University, MS, USA; National Center for Natural Product Research, University of Mississippi, University, MS, USA.
authors: Mark T
authors: MT
authors: Hamann
keywords: MALDI MS imaging; manzamine; marine natural product; microbiome; natural product drug discovery