title: Hypertension in Patients with Heart Failure with Reduced Ejection Fraction.
abstract: Hypertension (HTN) is a well-known health problem associated with considerable morbidity and mortality and it is an important risk factor for the development of heart failure (HF). These findings support the need for optimizing the antihypertensive strategies to prevent the progression to HF. Interestingly, the progression from HTN to HF, among other things, may be a consequence of inappropriate over-activation of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS), sympathetic nervous system (SNS), and the natriuretic peptide system (NPS). In the present review, we will discuss the pathophysiological aspects of the progression from HTN to HF with reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF) and we will focus on the evolution of different pharmacological therapies which are reported to be effective in reducing BP and improving HF outcomes, paying particular attention to the recent trials that have demonstrated the efficacy of the combined therapy of RAAS blockade and Neprilysin (NEP) inhibitor in lowering BP and mediating several beneficial actions within cardiovascular tissues, such as avoiding the worsening of HF.
authors: Cardiology Unit, Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine and Psychology, University Sapienza of Rome, S. Andrea Hospital, Rome, Italy. massimo.volpe@uniroma1.it.|IRCSS - Neuromed, Pozzilli, IS, Italy. massimo.volpe@uniroma1.it.
authors: Massimo
authors: M
authors: Volpe
authors: Cardiology Unit, Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine and Psychology, University Sapienza of Rome, S. Andrea Hospital, Rome, Italy.
authors: Caterina
authors: C
authors: Santolamazza
authors: Cardiology Unit, Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine and Psychology, University Sapienza of Rome, S. Andrea Hospital, Rome, Italy.|IRCSS - Neuromed, Pozzilli, IS, Italy.
authors: Giuliano
authors: G
authors: Tocci
mesh_terms: D057911:Angiotensin Receptor Antagonists / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D000806:Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitors / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D000959:Antihypertensive Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D002317:Cardiovascular Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D018450:Disease Progression; D006333:Heart Failure / Q000150:complications* / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000503:physiopathology*; D006801:Humans; D006973:Hypertension / Q000150:complications* / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000503:physiopathology*; D015260:Neprilysin / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors; D012084:Renin-Angiotensin System / Q000187:drug effects; D000092502:Renin Inhibitors
chemical_list: D057911:Angiotensin Receptor Antagonists; D000806:Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitors; D000959:Antihypertensive Agents; D002317:Cardiovascular Agents; D015260:Neprilysin; D000092502:Renin Inhibitors
keywords: Angiotensin receptor neprilysin inhibitors; Heart failure; Hypertension; Natriuretic peptide system; Neprylisin; Renin–angiotensin–aldosterone system