title: An optimal sampling approach to modelling whole-body vibration exposure in all-terrain vehicle driving.
abstract: Exposure to whole-body vibration (WBV) presents an occupational health risk and several safety standards obligate to measure WBV. The high cost of direct measurements in large epidemiological studies raises the question of the optimal sampling for estimating WBV exposures given by a large variation in exposure levels in real worksites. This paper presents a new approach to addressing this problem. A daily exposure to WBV was recorded for 9-24 days among 48 all-terrain vehicle drivers. Four data-sets based on root mean squared recordings were obtained from the measurement. The data were modelled using semi-variogram with spectrum analysis and the optimal sampling scheme was derived. The optimum sampling period was 140 min apart. The result was verified and validated in terms of its accuracy and statistical power. Recordings of two to three hours are probably needed to get a sufficiently unbiased daily WBV exposure estimate in real worksites. The developed model is general enough that is applicable to other cumulative exposures or biosignals. Practitioner Summary: Exposure to whole-body vibration (WBV) presents an occupational health risk and safety standards obligate to measure WBV. However, direct measurements can be expensive. This paper presents a new approach to addressing this problem. The developed model is general enough that is applicable to other cumulative exposures or biosignals.
authors: a Department of Civil Engineering, School of Engineering , Aalto University , Espoo , Finland.|d College of Construction Engineering , Jilin University , Changchun , P.R. China.|e Key Laboratory of Drilling Technology in Complex Conditions of Ministry of Land and Resources of the People's Republic of China , Changchun , P.R. China.
authors: Xiaoshu
authors: X
authors: Lü
authors: b Finnish Institute of Occupational Health , Helsinki , Finland.
authors: Esa-Pekka
authors: EP
authors: Takala
authors: b Finnish Institute of Occupational Health , Helsinki , Finland.
authors: Esko
authors: E
authors: Toppila
authors: c Xardu Oy , Oulu , Finland.
authors: Ykä
authors: Y
authors: Marjanen
authors: b Finnish Institute of Occupational Health , Helsinki , Finland.
authors: Leena
authors: L
authors: Kaila-Kangas
authors: a Department of Civil Engineering, School of Engineering , Aalto University , Espoo , Finland.
authors: Tao
authors: T
authors: Lu
mesh_terms: D006804:Ergonomics / Q000379:methods*; D005583:Fourier Analysis; D006801:Humans; D016273:Occupational Exposure / Q000032:analysis*; D015541:Off-Road Motor Vehicles; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D013057:Spectrum Analysis / Q000379:methods*; D013269:Stochastic Processes; D014732:Vibration
keywords: Whole-body vibration; all-terrain vehicle; exposure analysis; exposure modelling; long-term measures; occupational exposure; optimal sampling; variogram