title: Caries status in young Colombian children expressed by the ICCMS™ visual/radiographic combined caries staging system.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To report (1) the caries experience prevalence and mean, and the caries severity and distribution patterns, expressed clinically and combined with radiographs with the conventional and ICCMS™ systems in young children from Bogotá, Colombia; (2) the contribution of including radiographs to the clinical caries scoring and (3) in which surfaces the radiograph adds to the clinical caries registration.
  
  
  METHODS
  Six hundred children from kindergartens/schools were enrolled: Cohort A: 2-year (n = 200), Cohort B: 4-year (n = 200) and Cohort C: 6-year (n = 200) olds. Radiographs were taken of the 4- and 6- year olds. Children were examined clinically using the Clinical (C) and Radiographic (R) ICCMS™-epi Caries Scoring Systems, staging caries lesions (d) as: Initial (Cepi/RA), Moderate (CM/RB) or Extensive (CE/RC). Caries experience including missing (m) and filled (f) surfaces was expressed as follows: clinical conventional (CdMEmfs); clinical ICCMS™ (CdepiMEmfs); combined conventional (C + RdMEmfs) and combined ICCMS™ (C + RdepiMEmfs).
  
  
  RESULTS
  The prevalence of CdMEmfs was: Cohort A: 32%; Cohort B: 59%; Cohort C: 67.5%, increasing to 73.5%, 99.8% and 100%, respectively, with the C + R depiMEmfs. The CdMEmfs means doubled when initial caries lesions (Cdepi) and radiographs (R) were included. The d component corresponded to over two-thirds of the caries experience. Findings on the radiographs significantly raised caries experience prevalence and means (p < .02), detecting primarily approximal lesions. Surfaces with highest caries frequency were occlusal/approximal of molar teeth and buccal of upper incisor teeth.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Participants' caries experience was high. The radiographic assessment significantly contributed to caries experience. Molar and upper incisor teeth were most prone to caries.
authors: a UNICA - Caries Research Unit, Research Vice-rectory , Universidad El Bosque , Bogotá , Colombia.|b Cariology and Endodontics, Department of Odontology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences , University of Copenhagen , Denmark.
authors: Andrea
authors: A
authors: Cortes
authors: b Cariology and Endodontics, Department of Odontology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences , University of Copenhagen , Denmark.
authors: Kim Rud
authors: KR
authors: Ekstrand
authors: a UNICA - Caries Research Unit, Research Vice-rectory , Universidad El Bosque , Bogotá , Colombia.
authors: Luis Fernando
authors: LF
authors: Gamboa
authors: c Dental School , Universidad El Bosque , Bogotá , Colombia.
authors: Lynda
authors: L
authors: González
authors: a UNICA - Caries Research Unit, Research Vice-rectory , Universidad El Bosque , Bogotá , Colombia.
authors: Stefania
authors: S
authors: Martignon
mesh_terms: D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D015331:Cohort Studies; D003105:Colombia / Q000453:epidemiology; D004245:DMF Index; D003731:Dental Caries / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000453:epidemiology*; D003793:Dental Restoration, Permanent / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D007180:Incisor / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D008297:Male; D008963:Molar / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D010808:Physical Examination; D015995:Prevalence; D016300:Radiography, Bitewing / Q000379:methods; D019228:Tooth Crown / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D017001:Tooth Demineralization / Q000473:pathology; D016388:Tooth Loss / Q000453:epidemiology; D014094:Tooth, Deciduous / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging
keywords: Dental caries; ICCMS™; epidemiology; primary dentition; radiography