title: In vitro study of physical properties of various embolization particles regarding morphology before, during and after catheter passage.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate various embolization particles on their physical properties with special regard on morphological variability and elasticity.
  
  
  METHODS
  8 embolization particles (EmboCept®, Contour SE® Microspheres, Embosphere® Micorspheres 400 μm, 500 μm, 1300 μm, Embozene® Microspheres, DC Beads®, Embozene Tandem®) were evaluated and graduated from 1-6 microscopically due to morphologic changes in vitro before, during and after their catheter passage by 4 blinded reviewers. To facilitate comparison, microscopic images were provided with a scale.
  
  
  RESULTS
  All tested particles showed a homogenous shape and morphology before passage through the simulation catheter. During the passage all particles were elastically deformable, where necessary. After the catheter passage no loss of basic shape was seen. Changes in size were found in 5/8 particles. Grading of morphologic changes varied between mean value of 1.0 and 3.0. No complete destruction or loss of function was seen.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  All tested embolization particles are, regarding their morphological properties in sense of homogenous shape and deformation after catheter passage, a safe treatment option. Tested in vitro no less of functionality regarding physical properties should be expected.
authors: Department of Clinical Radiology, Ludwig-Maximilians-University of Munich, Campus Grosshadern, Munich, Germany.
authors: Karolin J
authors: KJ
authors: Paprottka
authors: Department of Clinical Radiology, Ludwig-Maximilians-University of Munich, Campus Grosshadern, Munich, Germany.
authors: Tobias
authors: T
authors: Waggershauser
authors: Department of Clinical Radiology, Ludwig-Maximilians-University of Munich, Campus Grosshadern, Munich, Germany.
authors: Johannes
authors: J
authors: Rübenthaler
authors: Department of Plastical Surgery, Diakonieklinikum Rotenburg, Germany.
authors: Felix J
authors: FJ
authors: Paprottka
authors: Department of Clinical Radiology, Ludwig-Maximilians-University of Munich, Campus Grosshadern, Munich, Germany.
authors: Dirk A
authors: DA
authors: Clevert
authors: Department of Clinical Radiology, Ludwig-Maximilians-University of Munich, Campus Grosshadern, Munich, Germany.
authors: Maximilian F
authors: MF
authors: Reiser
authors: Department of Clinical Radiology, Ludwig-Maximilians-University of Munich, Campus Grosshadern, Munich, Germany.
authors: Philipp M
authors: PM
authors: Paprottka
mesh_terms: D002404:Catheterization / Q000295:instrumentation* / Q000379:methods; D004621:Embolization, Therapeutic / Q000379:methods*; D006801:Humans; D010316:Particle Size
keywords: Embolization particles; catheter passage; elasticity; morphology; physical properties