title: Bromelain: from production to commercialisation.
abstract: Bromelain is a mixture of proteolytic enzymes found in pineapple (Ananas comosus) plants. It can be found in several parts of the pineapple plant, including the stem, fruit, leaves and peel. High demand for bromelain has resulted in gradual increases in bromelain production. These increases have led to the need for a bromelain production strategy that yields more purified bromelain at a lower cost and with fewer production steps. Previously, bromelain was purified by conventional centrifugation, ultrafiltration and lyophilisation. Recently, the development of more modern purification techniques such as gel filtration, ion exchange chromatography, affinity chromatography, aqueous two-phase extraction and reverse micelle chromatography has resulted in increased industrial bromelain production worldwide. In addition, recombinant DNA technology has emerged as an alternative strategy for producing large amounts of ultrapure bromelain. An up-to-date compilation of data regarding the commercialisation of bromelain in the clinical, pharmaceutical and industrial fields is provided in this review. © 2016 Society of Chemical Industry.
authors: Faculty of Industrial Science and Technology, Universiti Malaysia Pahang, Lebuhraya Tun Razak, 26300, Gambang, Kuantan, Pahang Darul Makmur, Malaysia.
authors: Aizi Nor Mazila
authors: AN
authors: Ramli
authors: Faculty of Industrial Science and Technology, Universiti Malaysia Pahang, Lebuhraya Tun Razak, 26300, Gambang, Kuantan, Pahang Darul Makmur, Malaysia.
authors: Tuan Norsyalieza Tuan
authors: TN
authors: Aznan
authors: Department of Bioprocess Engineering, Faculty of Chemical Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, 81310, Skudai, Johor, Malaysia.
authors: Rosli Md
authors: RM
authors: Illias
mesh_terms: D031230:Ananas / Q000737:chemistry / Q000201:enzymology; D001709:Biotechnology / Q000379:methods; D001963:Bromelains / Q000737:chemistry / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D004274:DNA, Recombinant; D005524:Food Technology / Q000379:methods*
chemical_list: D004274:DNA, Recombinant; D001963:Bromelains
keywords: bromelain; commercialisation; pineapple; production