title: Entanglement and manipulation of the magnetic and spin-orbit order in multiferroic Rashba semiconductors.
abstract: Entanglement of the spin-orbit and magnetic order in multiferroic materials bears a strong potential for engineering novel electronic and spintronic devices. Here, we explore the electron and spin structure of ferroelectric α-GeTe thin films doped with ferromagnetic Mn impurities to achieve its multiferroic functionality. We use bulk-sensitive soft-X-ray angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy (SX-ARPES) to follow hybridization of the GeTe valence band with the Mn dopants. We observe a gradual opening of the Zeeman gap in the bulk Rashba bands around the Dirac point with increase of the Mn concentration, indicative of the ferromagnetic order, at persistent Rashba splitting. Furthermore, subtle details regarding the spin-orbit and magnetic order entanglement are deduced from spin-resolved ARPES measurements. We identify antiparallel orientation of the ferroelectric and ferromagnetic polarization, and altering of the Rashba-type spin helicity by magnetic switching. Our experimental results are supported by first-principles calculations of the electron and spin structure.
authors: Swiss Light Source, Paul Scherrer Institut, CH-5232 Villigen PSI, Switzerland.
authors: J
authors: J
authors: Krempaský
authors: Swiss Light Source, Paul Scherrer Institut, CH-5232 Villigen PSI, Switzerland.|Institute of Physics, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland.
authors: S
authors: S
authors: Muff
authors: Swiss Light Source, Paul Scherrer Institut, CH-5232 Villigen PSI, Switzerland.
authors: F
authors: F
authors: Bisti
authors: Swiss Light Source, Paul Scherrer Institut, CH-5232 Villigen PSI, Switzerland.|Institute of Physics, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland.
authors: M
authors: M
authors: Fanciulli
authors: Department of Chemistry, Ludwig Maximillian University, 81377 Munich, Germany.
authors: H
authors: H
authors: Volfová
authors: Swiss Light Source, Paul Scherrer Institut, CH-5232 Villigen PSI, Switzerland.|Institute of Physics, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland.
authors: A P
authors: 0000-0002-7636-2572
authors: AP
authors: Weber
authors: Swiss Light Source, Paul Scherrer Institut, CH-5232 Villigen PSI, Switzerland.
authors: N
authors: 0000-0002-4815-440X
authors: N
authors: Pilet
authors: Swiss Light Source, Paul Scherrer Institut, CH-5232 Villigen PSI, Switzerland.
authors: P
authors: 0000-0002-5252-6392
authors: P
authors: Warnicke
authors: Department of Chemistry, Ludwig Maximillian University, 81377 Munich, Germany.
authors: H
authors: H
authors: Ebert
authors: Department of Chemistry, Ludwig Maximillian University, 81377 Munich, Germany.
authors: J
authors: J
authors: Braun
authors: SOLEIL Synchrotron, L'Orme des Merisiers, F-91192 Gif-sur-Yvette, France.
authors: F
authors: F
authors: Bertran
authors: National Technical University, Kharkiv Polytechnic Institute, Frunze Str. 21, 61002 Kharkiv, Ukraine.|Institut für Halbleiter-und Festkörperphysik, Johannes Kepler Universität, A-4040 Linz, Austria.
authors: V V
authors: VV
authors: Volobuev
authors: Department of Chemistry, Ludwig Maximillian University, 81377 Munich, Germany.|New Technologies-Research Center University of West Bohemia, Plzeň, Czech Republic.
authors: J
authors: J
authors: Minár
authors: Institut für Halbleiter-und Festkörperphysik, Johannes Kepler Universität, A-4040 Linz, Austria.
authors: G
authors: G
authors: Springholz
authors: Swiss Light Source, Paul Scherrer Institut, CH-5232 Villigen PSI, Switzerland.|Institute of Physics, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland.
authors: J H
authors: JH
authors: Dil
authors: Swiss Light Source, Paul Scherrer Institut, CH-5232 Villigen PSI, Switzerland.
authors: V N
authors: VN
authors: Strocov