title: Detecting Beer Intake by Unique Metabolite Patterns.
abstract: Evaluation of the health related effects of beer intake is hampered by the lack of accurate tools for assessing intakes (biomarkers). Therefore, we identified plasma and urine metabolites associated with recent beer intake by untargeted metabolomics and established a characteristic metabolite pattern representing raw materials and beer production as a qualitative biomarker of beer intake. In a randomized, crossover, single-blinded meal study (MSt1), 18 participants were given, one at a time, four different test beverages: strong, regular, and nonalcoholic beers and a soft drink. Four participants were assigned to have two additional beers (MSt2). In addition to plasma and urine samples, test beverages, wort, and hops extract were analyzed by UPLC-QTOF. A unique metabolite pattern reflecting beer metabolome, including metabolites derived from beer raw material (i.e., N-methyl tyramine sulfate and the sum of iso-α-acids and tricyclohumols) and the production process (i.e., pyro-glutamyl proline and 2-ethyl malate), was selected to establish a compliance biomarker model for detection of beer intake based on MSt1. The model predicted the MSt2 samples collected before and up to 12 h after beer intake correctly (AUC = 1). A biomarker model including four metabolites representing both beer raw materials and production steps provided a specific and accurate tool for measurement of beer consumption.
authors: Department of Nutrition, Sports and Exercise, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen , Rolighedsvej 30, Frederiksberg C, 1958, Denmark.
authors: Gözde
authors: G
authors: Gürdeniz
authors: Carlsberg Research Laboratory A/S , Gamle Carlsberg Vej 6-10, 1799 Copenhagen V, Denmark.
authors: Morten Georg
authors: MG
authors: Jensen
authors: Department of Chemistry, Technical University of Denmark , Kemitorvet, 2800 Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark.
authors: Sebastian
authors: S
authors: Meier
authors: Carlsberg Research Laboratory A/S , Gamle Carlsberg Vej 6-10, 1799 Copenhagen V, Denmark.
authors: Lene
authors: L
authors: Bech
authors: Carlsberg Research Laboratory A/S , Gamle Carlsberg Vej 6-10, 1799 Copenhagen V, Denmark.
authors: Erik
authors: E
authors: Lund
authors: Department of Nutrition, Sports and Exercise, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen , Rolighedsvej 30, Frederiksberg C, 1958, Denmark.
authors: Lars Ove
authors: LO
authors: Dragsted
mesh_terms: D000428:Alcohol Drinking / Q000097:blood / Q000652:urine; D001515:Beer / Q000032:analysis*; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000097:blood / Q000652:urine; D002853:Chromatography, Liquid; D018592:Cross-Over Studies; D006801:Humans; D013058:Mass Spectrometry; D055442:Metabolome; D055432:Metabolomics; D016037:Single-Blind Method
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers
keywords: UPLC-QTOF; barley; beer; biomarker model; hops; metabolomics; plasma; urine