title: Behavioral, cognitive, and motor performance and physical development of five-year-old children who were born after intracytoplasmic sperm injection with the use of testicular sperm.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate at the age of 5 years the behavioral, cognitive, and motor performance and physical development of children born after testicular sperm extraction (TESE) and intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI).
  
  
  METHODS
  A prospective longitudinal cohort study.
  
  
  METHODS
  Two university medical centers.
  
  
  METHODS
  A total of 103 5-year-olds who were born after TESE-ICSI.
  
  
  METHODS
  The follow-up of the children was performed by questionnaires at birth and again at 1 year and at 4 years of age. Five-year-old children were invited for individual assessment. Behavioral performance was assessed with the use of the Child Behavior Checklist for parents and teachers. Cognitive performance was assessed with the use of the Dutch Wechsler Preschool and Primary Scale of Intelligence test, 3rd version. Motor performance was assessed with the use of the Dutch Movement Assessment Battery for Children, 2nd version. Physical development was assessed by means of physical examination and medical history.
  
  
  METHODS
  Behavioral, cognitive, and motor performance and physical development.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Eighty-nine children were completely assessed, and 14 were partially assessed at the age of 5 years. The 5-year-old cohort assessed significantly better on behavioral and cognitive performance and significantly worse on motor performance-but still in the normal range-compared with the theoretic distribution in the general population. Four children (3.8%) of the 5-year-old cohort had developmental problems/delays. Two of them were previously diagnosed with a form of autism (pervasive developmental disorder-not otherwise specified). Two children had developmental problems based on our behavioral, cognitive, and/or motor assessments.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The long-term effects on development and health in children born after TESE-ICSI procedures seem to be reassuring.
authors: Division of Reproductive Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands. Electronic address: aukje.meijerink@radboudumc.nl.
authors: Aukje M
authors: AM
authors: Meijerink
authors: Division of Reproductive Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands.
authors: Liliana
authors: L
authors: Ramos
authors: Department of Rehabilitation, Pediatric Physical Therapy, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands.
authors: Anjo J W M
authors: AJ
authors: Janssen
authors: Department of Medical Psychology, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands.
authors: Nienke M
authors: NM
authors: Maas-van Schaaijk
authors: Department of Urology, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Center for Reproductive Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, the Netherlands.
authors: Andreas
authors: A
authors: Meissner
authors: Center for Reproductive Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, the Netherlands.
authors: Sjoerd
authors: S
authors: Repping
authors: Center for Reproductive Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, the Netherlands.
authors: Monique H
authors: MH
authors: Mochtar
authors: Division of Reproductive Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands.
authors: Didi D M
authors: DD
authors: Braat
authors: Division of Reproductive Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands.
authors: Kathrin
authors: K
authors: Fleischer
mesh_terms: D000367:Age Factors; D057189:Checklist; D002652:Child Behavior; D002653:Child Behavior Disorders / Q000209:etiology / Q000523:psychology; D002657:Child Development; D002659:Child Development Disorders, Pervasive / Q000209:etiology / Q000523:psychology; D002675:Child, Preschool; D003071:Cognition; D005260:Female; D005298:Fertility; D006304:Health Status; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D007246:Infertility / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000628:therapy*; D007360:Intelligence; D007361:Intelligence Tests; D050498:Live Birth; D008137:Longitudinal Studies; D008297:Male; D009043:Motor Activity; D009426:Netherlands; D010808:Physical Examination; D011247:Pregnancy; D011446:Prospective Studies; D020554:Sperm Injections, Intracytoplasmic / Q000009:adverse effects; D053625:Sperm Retrieval / Q000009:adverse effects; D016896:Treatment Outcome
keywords: Child follow-up; child behavior; intelligence; intracytoplasmic; motor skills; sperm injections