title: Coronary artery bypass grafting with internal thoracic arteries may cause bilateral brachiocephalic vein occlusion, complicating pacemaker implantation.
abstract: The number of patients with arrhythmia and ischaemic heart diseases is increasing. Patients with pacemaker implantation sometimes have brachiocephalic vein occlusion, and several aetiologies have been reported. However, coronary artery bypass grafting using the internal thoracic arteries is not fully discussed in the literature. We present a case of failed percutaneous pacemaker implantation due to bilateral brachiocephalic vein occlusion 8 years after coronary artery bypass grafting using the bilateral internal thoracic arteries. There were rich collateral veins consisting of hemiazygos and azygos veins. We then performed surgical implantation instead. Contrast CT or venography for such patients might be considered.
authors: Department of Cardiology, Seirei Hamamatsu General Hospital, Hamamatsu, Shizuoka, Japan.
authors: Keisuke
authors: http://orcid.org/0000-0003-1770-9238
authors: K
authors: Nakabayashi
authors: Department of Cardiology, Seirei Hamamatsu General Hospital, Hamamatsu, Shizuoka, Japan.
authors: Hiroko
authors: H
authors: Kato
authors: Department of Cardiology, Seirei Hamamatsu General Hospital, Hamamatsu, Shizuoka, Japan.
authors: Ryo
authors: R
authors: Sugiura
authors: Department of Cardiology, Seirei Hamamatsu General Hospital, Hamamatsu, Shizuoka, Japan.
authors: Toshiaki
authors: T
authors: Oka
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D016121:Brachiocephalic Veins / Q000601:surgery*; D003097:Collateral Circulation; D003251:Constriction, Pathologic; D001026:Coronary Artery Bypass / Q000379:methods*; D004562:Electrocardiography; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008323:Mammary Arteries / Q000637:transplantation*; D010138:Pacemaker, Artificial; D017211:Treatment Failure