title: Correlation of Emulsion Structure with Cellular Uptake Behavior of Encapsulated Bioactive Nutrients: Influence of Droplet Size and Interfacial Structure.
abstract: In this study, an in vitro Caco-2 cell culture assay was employed to evaluate the correlation between emulsion structure and cellular uptake of encapsulated β-carotene. After 4 h of incubation, an emulsion stabilized with whey protein isolate showed the highest intracellular accumulation of β-carotene (1.06 μg), followed by that stabilized with sodium caseinate (0.60 μg) and Tween 80 (0.20 μg), which are 13-, 7.5-, and 2.5-fold higher than that of free β-carotene (0.08 μg), respectively. Emulsions with small droplet size (239 ± 5 nm) showed a higher cellular uptake of β-carotene (1.56 μg) than emulsiond with large droplet size (489 ± 9 nm) (0.93 μg) (p < 0.01). The results suggested that delivery in an emulsion significantly improved the cellular uptake of β-carotene and thus potentially its bioavailability; uptake was closely correlated with the interfacial composition and droplet size of emulsions. The findings support the potential for achieving optimal controlled and targeted delivery of bioactive nutrients by structuring emulsions.
authors: Teagasc Food Research Centre , Moorepark, Fermoy, Cork, Ireland.|School of Food and Nutritional Sciences, University College Cork , Cork, Ireland.
authors: Wei
authors: W
authors: Lu
authors: School of Food and Nutritional Sciences, University College Cork , Cork, Ireland.
authors: Alan L
authors: AL
authors: Kelly
authors: CRANN & School of Physics, Trinity College Dublin , Dublin, Ireland.
authors: Pierce
authors: P
authors: Maguire
authors: CRANN & School of Physics, Trinity College Dublin , Dublin, Ireland.
authors: Hongzhou
authors: H
authors: Zhang
authors: Teagasc Food Research Centre , Moorepark, Fermoy, Cork, Ireland.
authors: Catherine
authors: C
authors: Stanton
authors: Teagasc Food Research Centre , Moorepark, Fermoy, Cork, Ireland.
authors: Song
authors: S
authors: Miao
mesh_terms: D018938:Caco-2 Cells; D002477:Cells / Q000378:metabolism*; D004655:Emulsions / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D010316:Particle Size; D000067816:Whey Proteins / Q000737:chemistry; D019207:beta Carotene / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D004655:Emulsions; D000067816:Whey Proteins; D019207:beta Carotene
keywords: bioactive nutrients; bioavailability; delivery; emulsion; encapsulation