title: Cerebral vasomotor reactivity assessment using Transcranial Doppler and MRI with apnea test.
abstract: Differently from previous studies that used Transcranial Doppler (TCD) and functional MRI (fMRI) for cerebral vasomotor reactivity (CVR) assessment in patients with carotid stenosis (CS), we assessed CVR using an identical stimulus, the Breath-Holding Test (BHT). We included 15 patients with CS and 7 age-matched controls to verify whether fMRI responded differently to BHT between groups and to calculate the agreement rate between tests. For TCD, impaired CVR was defined when the mean percentage increase on middle cerebral artery velocities was ≤31% on 3 consecutive 30-s apnea intercalated by 4-min normal breathing intervals. For fMRI, the percent variation on blood oxygen level-dependent (BOLD) signal intensity in the lentiform nucleus (LN) ipsilateral to the CS (or both LNs for controls) from baseline breathing to apnea was measured. The Euclidian differences between the series of each subject and the series of controls and patients classified it into normal or impaired CVR. We found different percent variations on BOLD-signal intensities between groups (P=0.032). The agreement was good in Controls (85.7%; κ=0.69) and overall (77.3%; κ=0.54). We conclude that BHT was feasible for CVR assessment on fMRI and elicited different BOLD responses in patients and controls, with a good overall agreement between the tests.
authors: Departamento de Neurologia, Faculdade de Ciências Médicas, Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Campinas, SP, Brasil.|Complexo Hospitalar Prefeito Edivaldo Orsi "Ouro Verde", Campinas, SP, Brasil.
authors: C R Campos
authors: CR
authors: Herrera
authors: Instituto de Física "Gleb Wataghin", Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Campinas, SP, Brasil.
authors: G C
authors: GC
authors: Beltramini
authors: Departamento de Neurologia, Faculdade de Ciências Médicas, Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Campinas, SP, Brasil.|Brazilian Research Institute for Neuroscience and Neurotechnology (BRAINN), Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Campinas, SP, Brasil.
authors: W M
authors: WM
authors: Avelar
authors: Departamento de Neurologia, Faculdade de Ciências Médicas, Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Campinas, SP, Brasil.|Universidade de Fortaleza, Fortaleza, CE, Brasil.
authors: F O
authors: FO
authors: Lima
authors: Departamento de Neurologia, Faculdade de Ciências Médicas, Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Campinas, SP, Brasil.|Brazilian Research Institute for Neuroscience and Neurotechnology (BRAINN), Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Campinas, SP, Brasil.
authors: L M
authors: LM
authors: Li
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D001783:Blood Flow Velocity; D062485:Breath Holding; D016893:Carotid Stenosis / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000503:physiopathology; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D002560:Cerebrovascular Circulation / Q000502:physiology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010100:Oxygen / Q000097:blood*; D017585:Ultrasonography, Doppler, Transcranial; D014666:Vasomotor System / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000503:physiopathology
chemical_list: D010100:Oxygen