title: Improvement in the Safety of Use of Hand Dishwashing Liquids Through the Addition of Hydrophobic Plant Extracts.
abstract: We investigated the effect of hydrophobic extract concentration on the safety of using hand dishwashing liquids (HDL). A series of formulations was prepared, differing in the concentration of the hydrophobic chamomile extract obtained in supercritical CO2conditions (from 0 to 0.7 %). We found that an increase in the concentration of the extract led to a decrease in the zein number, and reduced changes in the pH level of bovine serum albumin solution (i.e., two parameters determining the irritant activity of the formulations). It was also found that the additives reduced transepidermal water loss and improved the skin hydration level. Based on the findings of the study, a mechanism has been proposed, according to which hydrophobic plant extracts form aggregates in the volume phase of the washing bath. The surface of the aggregates is the adsorption area for surfactant monomers responsible for the irritant effect. Increasing the addition of the extract was shown to reduce the negative impact of the formulations on the skin of the hands, thus contributing to a greater safety of use of HDL.
authors: Department of Chemistry, Kazimierz Pulaski University of Technology and Humanities, ul. Boleslawa Chrobrego 27, Radom, 26-600 Poland.
authors: Tomasz
authors: T
authors: Wasilewski
authors: Department of Chemistry, Kazimierz Pulaski University of Technology and Humanities, ul. Boleslawa Chrobrego 27, Radom, 26-600 Poland.
authors: Artur
authors: A
authors: Seweryn
authors: Department of Chemistry, Kazimierz Pulaski University of Technology and Humanities, ul. Boleslawa Chrobrego 27, Radom, 26-600 Poland.
authors: Maciej
authors: M
authors: Krajewski
keywords: Anti-irritant properties; Hand dishwashing liquid; Quality; Safety; Supercritical CO2Chamomilla recutita  extracts