title: Scanning electron microscopy study of new bone formation following small and large defects preserved with xenografts supplemented with pamidronate-A pilot study in Fox-Hound dogs at 4 and 8 weeks.
abstract: The aim of the present study was to evaluate the feasibility of SEM and EDX microanalysis on evaluating the effect of porcine xenografts (MP3®) supplemented with pamidronate during socket healing. Mandibular second premolars (P2) and first molars (M1) were extracted from six Beagle dogs. P2 were categorized as small defects (SD) and M1 as large defects (LD). Four random groups were created: SC (small control defects with MP3®), ST (small test defects MP3®+pamidronate), LC (large control defects with MP3®), and LT (large test defects MP3®+pamidronate). At four and eight weeks of healing the samples were evaluated fisically through scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and chemical element mapping was carried out by Energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX). After four weeks of healing, SEM and EDX analysis revealed more mineralized bone in ST and LT groups compared with control groups (p<0.05). After eight weeks, Ca/P ratios were slightly higher for small defects (groups SC and ST); in SEM description, in both control and test groups, trabecular bone density was similar to the adjacent mineralized cortical bone. Within the limitations of this experimental study, SEM description and EDX elemental microanalysis have demonstrated to be useful techniques to assess bone remodelling of small and large defects. Both techniques show increased bone formation in test groups (MP3®modified with pamidronate) after four and eight weeks of healing.
authors: International University of Catalonia, Barcelona, Spain.
authors: Naroa
authors: N
authors: Lozano-Carrascal
authors: International University of Catalonia, Barcelona, Spain.
authors: Marta
authors: M
authors: Satorres-Nieto
authors: Department of Prosthodontics and Digital Technology, Stony Brook University, School of Dental Medicine, Stony Brook, NY, USA.
authors: Rafael
authors: R
authors: Delgado-Ruiz
authors: Universidad Católica San Antonio (UCAM), Murcia, Spain.
authors: José Eduardo
authors: JE
authors: Maté-Sánchez de Val
authors: University Catholica San Antonio de Murcia (UCAM), Murcia, Spain. Electronic address: sergio.gehrke@hotmail.com.
authors: Sergio Alexandre
authors: SA
authors: Gehrke
authors: International University of Catalonia, Barcelona, Spain.
authors: Jorge
authors: J
authors: Gargallo-Albiol
authors: Faculty of Medicine & Dentistry, Universidad Católica San Antonio, (UCAM), Murcia, Spain.
authors: José Luis
authors: JL
authors: Calvo-Guirado
mesh_terms: D000540:Alveolar Ridge Augmentation / Q000379:methods*; D000818:Animals; D050071:Bone Density Conservation Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage; D016025:Bone Transplantation / Q000379:methods; D003131:Combined Modality Therapy / Q000379:methods; D004164:Diphosphonates / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D004285:Dogs; D064593:Heterografts / Q000637:transplantation / Q000648:ultrastructure; D008297:Male; D008855:Microscopy, Electron, Scanning / Q000379:methods*; D000077268:Pamidronate; D010865:Pilot Projects; D013552:Swine; D014081:Tooth Extraction; D020390:Tooth Socket / Q000187:drug effects / Q000601:surgery* / Q000648:ultrastructure*; D014183:Transplantation, Heterologous; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D014945:Wound Healing
chemical_list: D050071:Bone Density Conservation Agents; D004164:Diphosphonates; D000077268:Pamidronate
keywords: Biomaterials; Bisphosphonates; Bone grafting; Bone substitutes; Pamidronate; Socket