title: Social disparities in children's exposure to secondhand smoke in privately owned vehicles.
abstract: Secondhand smoke (SHS) can quickly attain high concentrations in cars, posing health risks to passengers and especially to children. This paper assesses whether there are social disparities in children's exposure to SHS in privately owned vehicles.
  
  
  
  On weekday mornings and afternoons from September to November 2011, trained observers were stationed at 100 selected street intersections in Montreal, Canada. For each car transporting at least one passenger aged 0-15 years travelling through the intersection, observers recorded the estimated age of the youngest child in the car, whether any occupant was smoking and the licence plate number of the car. Licence plate numbers were linked to an area material deprivation index based on the postal code of the neighbourhood in which the car was registered.
  
  
  
  Smoking was observed in 0.7% of 20 922 cars transporting children. There was an apparent dose-response in the association between area material deprivation level and children's exposure to SHS in cars. Children travelling in cars registered in the most disadvantaged areas of Montreal were more likely to be exposed to SHS than children travelling in cars registered in the most advantaged areas (unadjusted OR=3.46, 95% CI 1.99 to 6.01).
  
  
  
  This study revealed social disparities in children's exposure to SHS in privately owned vehicles.
authors: Institut national de santé publique du Québec, Montréal, Québec, Canada.|Département de psychologie, Université du Québec à Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada.
authors: Annie
authors: A
authors: Montreuil
authors: Centre de recherche du Centre hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (CRCHUM), Montréal, Québec, Canada.
authors: Nancy
authors: N
authors: Hanusaik
authors: Département de psychologie, Université du Québec à Trois Rivières, Trois Rivières, Québec, Canada.|Centre de recherche et de partage des savoirs InterActions, Centre intégré universitaire de santé et de services sociaux du Nord-de-l'Île-de-Montréal, Trois Rivières, Québec, Canada.
authors: Michael
authors: M
authors: Cantinotti
authors: Centre de recherche et de partage des savoirs InterActions, Centre intégré universitaire de santé et de services sociaux du Nord-de-l'Île-de-Montréal, Trois Rivières, Québec, Canada.|Department of Social and Preventive Medicine, School of Public Health, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada.
authors: Bernard-Simon
authors: BS
authors: Leclerc
authors: Department of Social and Preventive Medicine, School of Public Health, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada.
authors: Yan
authors: Y
authors: Kestens
authors: Institut national de santé publique du Québec, Montréal, Québec, Canada.|Department of Social and Preventive Medicine, School of Public Health, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada.
authors: Michèle
authors: M
authors: Tremblay
authors: Institute for Global Tobacco Control, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland, USA.|Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
authors: Joanna
authors: J
authors: Cohen
authors: Pediatric Public Health Psychology Laboratory, Concordia University, Montréal, Québec, Canada.
authors: Jennifer
authors: J
authors: McGrath
authors: Centre de recherche du Centre hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (CRCHUM), Montréal, Québec, Canada.|Department of Social and Preventive Medicine, School of Public Health, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada.|Léa-Roback Research Centre on Social Inequalities in Health in Montreal, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada.|Lung Cancer Disparities Center, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.
authors: Geetanjali D
authors: GD
authors: Datta
authors: Institut national de santé publique du Québec, Montréal, Québec, Canada.|Centre de recherche du Centre hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (CRCHUM), Montréal, Québec, Canada.|Department of Social and Preventive Medicine, School of Public Health, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada.
authors: Jennifer L
authors: JL
authors: O'Loughlin
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D001336:Automobiles / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D004781:Environmental Exposure / Q000032:analysis*; D054624:Health Status Disparities; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D014028:Tobacco Smoke Pollution / Q000032:analysis*
chemical_list: D014028:Tobacco Smoke Pollution
keywords: Priority/special populations; Secondhand smoke; Socioeconomic status