title: Decreased Toll-like receptor-2 messenger ribonucleic acid and increased Toll-like receptor-4 in the tubal epithelium next to the infiltrated trophoblasts during tubal pregnancy.
abstract: To explore the expression patterns of Toll-like receptor (TLR)2 and TLR4 in the tubal epithelial cells next to the infiltrated trophoblasts at the maternal-fetal interface during tubal pregnancy.
  
  
  
  Prospective, observational study.
  
  
  
  University-based obstetrics and gynecology hospital.
  
  
  
  Thirty-seven women undergoing salpingectomy for tubal ampullary pregnancy and nine nonpregnant patients with benign uterine or appendix disease.
  
  
  
  Oviduct tissues with ectopic gestations were separated into implantation site (group 1) and nonimplantation site (group 2). Tissues from ampullary fallopian tubes during mid-secretory phase (group 3) were collected as the control group. Immunohistochemistry and quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction were performed.
  
  
  
  Differences of TLR2 and TLR4 expression patterns between group 1 and group 2 and between the pregnant group (combined group 1 and group 2) and the nonpregnant group (group 3).
  
  
  
  Comparing the pregnant group with group 3, TLR4 messenger RNA (mRNA) and protein were both significantly up-regulated in the pregnant group. In contrast, TLR2 mRNA was significantly down-regulated, whereas TLR2 protein showed a tendency toward reduction. Detailed analysis between group 1 and group 3 revealed statistically significantly higher TLR2 and TLR4 protein in group 1. In terms of mRNA, TLR4 expression was still shown to be significantly increased in group 1, whereas TLR2 expression was markedly decreased in group 1.
  
  
  
  Decreased TLR2 mRNA and increased TLR4 in the tubal epithelial cells next to the infiltrated trophoblasts may be associated with aspects of the pathophysiology of tubal ectopic pregnancy in immune defense.
authors: Department of Gynecology, Women's Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, People's Republic of China.
authors: Yin Fen
authors: YF
authors: Ji
authors: Department of Gynecology, Women's Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, People's Republic of China.
authors: Jian
authors: J
authors: Xu
authors: Department of Gynecology, Women's Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, People's Republic of China.
authors: Tao
authors: T
authors: Zhang
authors: Center of Gynecological Laparoscopy, People's Hospital of Zhejiang Province, People's Republic of China. Electronic address: mendac@sina.cn.
authors: Li You
authors: LY
authors: Chen
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D015536:Down-Regulation; D004847:Epithelial Cells / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000473:pathology; D005187:Fallopian Tubes / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000473:pathology / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000601:surgery; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D011247:Pregnancy; D011274:Pregnancy, Tubal / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000235:genetics* / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000601:surgery; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000235:genetics*; D060888:Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction; D020133:Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction; D058994:Salpingectomy; D051195:Toll-Like Receptor 2 / Q000235:genetics*; D051197:Toll-Like Receptor 4 / Q000235:genetics*; D014327:Trophoblasts / Q000473:pathology*; D015854:Up-Regulation; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D012333:RNA, Messenger; C495342:TLR2 protein, human; C495345:TLR4 protein, human; D051195:Toll-Like Receptor 2; D051197:Toll-Like Receptor 4
keywords: Fallopian tube; Toll-like receptor 2; maternal–fetal interface; toll-like receptor 4; tubal pregnancy