title: Evaluation of the toxicokinetics and apoptotic potential of ethanol extract from Echinodorus macrophyllus leaves in vivo.
abstract: This study evaluates the toxicological, genotoxic, mutagenic and apoptotic potential of an in vivo assay from Echinodorus macrophyllus extract (EEM). The acute toxicity test used 02 groups (n = 5) of female Wistar rats: negative control group (saline) and experimental group (2000 mg/kg b.w. EEM), both orally administered (gavage) at single doses and monitored for 14 days. To assess the genotoxic, mutagenic and apoptotic potential, 50 male Swiss mice were divided into 5 groups (n = 10): Group I: negative control (saline solution 0.1 ml/10 g b.w.); Group II: positive control (cyclophosphamide 100 mg/kg b.w.) intraperitoneally administered; groups III-V received EEM at 500, 1000 and 2000 mg/kg b.w., respectively. Groups I, III-V received oral administrations (gavage). The results showed that there was no acute lethality or any signs of acute toxicity, indicating that LD50is greater than 2000 mg/kg b.w. The groups treated with EEM showed no genotoxic or mutagenic activity and did not induce apoptosis in the liver and kidney. Therefore, EEM showed no acute toxicity and at doses of 500, 1000 and 2000 mg/kg b.w. absence of genotoxicity, mutagenicity and no apoptotic events were observed.
authors: Faculty of Health Sciences, Federal University of Grande Dourados, Dourados, Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil.
authors: Márcia Soares Mattos
authors: MS
authors: Vaz
authors: Faculty of Health Sciences, Federal University of Grande Dourados, Dourados, Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil.
authors: Mário Sérgio
authors: MS
authors: Vaz da Silva
authors: Federal University of Mato Grosso do Sul (UFMS), Campo Grande, MS, Brazil.
authors: Rodrigo Juliano
authors: RJ
authors: Oliveira
authors: Centre for Research on Biodiversity (CPBIO), State University of Mato Grosso do Sul (UEMS), Dourados, Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil.
authors: Jonas
authors: J
authors: da Silva Mota
authors: Faculty of Health Sciences, Federal University of Grande Dourados, Dourados, Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil.
authors: Débora Regina Hoff
authors: DR
authors: Brait
authors: Faculty of Health Sciences, Federal University of Grande Dourados, Dourados, Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil.
authors: Luciana Noia Borges
authors: LN
authors: de Carvalho
authors: Federal University of Mato Grosso do Sul (UFMS), Campo Grande, MS, Brazil.
authors: Juliana Miron
authors: JM
authors: Vani
authors: Federal University of Mato Grosso do Sul (UFMS), Campo Grande, MS, Brazil.
authors: Claudia Rodrigues
authors: CR
authors: Berno
authors: Federal University of Mato Grosso do Sul (UFMS), Campo Grande, MS, Brazil.
authors: Flávio Henrique Souza
authors: FH
authors: Araújo
authors: Faculty of Health Sciences, Federal University of Grande Dourados, Dourados, Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil; University Hospital of the Federal University of Grande Dourados, Dourados, Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil. Electronic address: marciobarros@ufgd.edu.br.
authors: Márcio Eduardo
authors: ME
authors: de Barros
mesh_terms: D000284:Administration, Oral; D034901:Alismataceae / Q000737:chemistry / Q000633:toxicity*; D000818:Animals; D017209:Apoptosis / Q000187:drug effects*; D002851:Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; D020552:Comet Assay; D000431:Ethanol / Q000737:chemistry*; D005260:Female; D007274:Injections, Intraperitoneal; D007668:Kidney / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000473:pathology; D007928:Lethal Dose 50; D008099:Liver / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000473:pathology; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D015162:Micronucleus Tests; D008517:Phytotherapy; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000633:toxicity*; D018515:Plant Leaves / Q000737:chemistry / Q000633:toxicity*; D010946:Plants, Medicinal; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D018570:Risk Assessment; D012997:Solvents / Q000737:chemistry*; D013997:Time Factors; D023382:Toxicity Tests, Acute; D066007:Toxicokinetics
chemical_list: D010936:Plant Extracts; D012997:Solvents; D000431:Ethanol
keywords: Acute toxicity; Comet assay; Echinodorus macrophyllus; Genotoxicity; LD(50); Micronucleus test; Mutagenicity