title: Evaluation of Antioxidant Activity of Phytol Using Non- and Pre-Clinical Models.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Phytol (3,7,11,15-tetramethylhexadec-2-en-1-ol; PHY), the alcoholic diterpenoid is particularly interesting due to its diverse activities found in literature. This study evaluated in vitro and in vivo antioxidant capacity of PHY.
  
  
  METHODS
  We conducted DPPH• (2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl) and ABTS•+ (2,2&amp;#039;-azino-bis(3- ethylbenzthiazoline-6-sulphonic acid)) radical scavenging tests as in vitro, while Saccharomyces cerevisiae test as in vivo. For in vitro tests, trolox and for in vivo test hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) were taken as standard and stressor, respectively. Additionally, we measured the superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), reduced glutathione (GSH), lipid peroxidation (LP) and nitrite (NO2 -) contents in mouse hippocampus taking 0.05% Tween 80 dissolved in 0.9% saline (0.25 ml) and ascorbic acid (250 mg/kg; AA) as vehicle and standard, respectively. PHY was administered at doses 25, 50 and 75 mg/kg. In the latter case, all the treatments were administered via intraperitoneal (i.p.) route.
  
  
  RESULTS
  PHY at 7.2 μg/ml exhibited 59.89 ± 0.73% and 62.79 ± 1.99% scavenging capacity of DPPH• and ABTS•+, respectively. In S. cerevisiae strains, PHY showed prominent protective effects. Moreover, in Swiss mouse hippocampus; PHY reduced the LP and NO2 - contents, while increased in GSH, SOD and CAT activities.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  PHY exerted antioxidant potential in our current non- and preclinical test systems and can be a good candidate for the development of treatments of oxidative stress mediated diseases.
authors: Jéssica P
authors: JP
authors: Costa
authors: Laboratory of Research in Experimental Neurochemistry, Postgraduate Program in Biotechnology, Northeast Biotechnology Network (RENORBIO), Federal University of Piauí, Teresina (PI)-64.049-550, Brazil. rbiotufpi.br@gmail.com.
authors: Md T
authors: MT
authors: Islam
authors: Pauline S
authors: PS
authors: Santos
authors: Paula B
authors: PB
authors: Ferreira
authors: George L S
authors: GL
authors: Oliveira
authors: Marcus V O B
authors: MV
authors: Alencar
authors: Marcia F C J
authors: MF
authors: Paz
authors: Éverton L F
authors: ÉL
authors: Ferreira
authors: Chistiane M
authors: CM
authors: Feitosa
authors: Antonia M G L
authors: AM
authors: Citó
authors: Damião P
authors: DP
authors: Sousa
authors: Ana Amelia C
authors: AA
authors: Melo-Cavalcante
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000975:Antioxidants / Q000494:pharmacology*; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D010084:Oxidation-Reduction; D010836:Phytol / Q000494:pharmacology*; D012441:Saccharomyces cerevisiae / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D000975:Antioxidants; D010836:Phytol