title: Investigating the penetrating potential of nanocomposite β-cycloethosomes: development using central composite design, in vitro and ex vivo characterization.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Atopic dermatitis (AD) is a chronic skin disease characterized by inflammation of the skin and has exhibited remarkable repercussions on human life across the globe. Fluocinolone acetonide (FA), a topical corticosteroid is employed in the treatment of atopic dermatitis, but suffers from limited penetration into deeper epidermis of atopic skin.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  The present investigation was focused to explore the utility of β-cylcoethosomes in improvising the penetration deep into the skin.
  
  
  METHODS
  β-Cylcoethosomes developed using β-cycloamylose by injection method were evaluated for vesicle size, entrapment efficiency and in vitro release. Central Composite design employed for the preparation depicted FA8 as an optimized formulation which was then formulated as dermatological gel using carbomer 934P as a gel base. The gels were characterized for pH, viscosity, drug content and in vitro permeability.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Optimized formulation (FA8) showed maximum desirability (0.795) with vesicle size of 228.33 ± 1.23 nm), EE (82.49 ± 1.21%) and CDR (90.90 ± 0.29%). FA8-loaded gels showed maximum in vitro permeability as found in BG and BGP (83.22 ± 0.72% and 84.02 ± 0.87). BG was selected as an optimized gel and compared with optimized reference ethosomal gel and control gel. CLSM studies depicted deeper uniform penetration of fluorescent dye deep into the epidermis via BG. Improved penetration was observed due to the synergistic effect exerted by ethanol and β-cycloamylose.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  β-cylcoethosomes proved to be a promising carrier for improvised penetration of fluocinolone acetonide via topical gel.
authors: a Rajiv Academy for Pharmacy , Mathura , India.
authors: Nida
authors: N
authors: Akhtar
authors: b Department of Pharmaceutics , School of Pharmaceutical Sciences , Moradabad , India , and.
authors: Anurag
authors: A
authors: Verma
authors: c Department of Pharmaceutics , Pharmacy College Saifai , Etawah, Uttar Pradesh , India.
authors: Kamla
authors: K
authors: Pathak
mesh_terms: D000279:Administration, Cutaneous; D000818:Animals; D000893:Anti-Inflammatory Agents / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000494:pharmacology; D003505:Cyclodextrins / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology; D003879:Dermatologic Agents / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology; D004337:Drug Carriers; D065546:Drug Liberation; D004817:Epidermis / Q000187:drug effects; D005456:Fluorescent Dyes / Q000737:chemistry; D005782:Gels; D006801:Humans; D008081:Liposomes / Q000737:chemistry*; D053761:Nanocomposites / Q000737:chemistry*; D010316:Particle Size; D010539:Permeability; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D012867:Skin / Q000187:drug effects; D012869:Skin Absorption; D012995:Solubility; D013499:Surface Properties
chemical_list: D000893:Anti-Inflammatory Agents; D003505:Cyclodextrins; D003879:Dermatologic Agents; D004337:Drug Carriers; D005456:Fluorescent Dyes; D005782:Gels; D008081:Liposomes
keywords: carbomer gels; fluocinolone acetonide; penetrating potential; β-cycloethosomes