title: Altered Gene and Protein Expressions in Torn Rotator Cuff Tendon Tissues in Diabetic Patients.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To analyze and compare the gene and protein expression characteristics in torn rotator cuff tendon tissues between diabetic and nondiabetic patients.
  
  
  METHODS
  This was a pilot study. Twelve samples of rotator cuff tendon tissue from diabetic patients (mean age, 62.3 ± 9.9 years) and 12 age- and sex-matched nondiabetic tendon tissues (62.3 ± 9.9 years) were acquired from the torn tendon end of medium rotator cuff tears during arthroscopic surgery, after applying the same inclusion and exclusion criteria. Expressions of various genes of interest, including collagens I and III, matrix metalloprotease (MMP)-2, MMP-3, MMP-9, MMP-13, interleukin (IL)-1, IL-6, insulin-like growth factor-1, vascular endothelial growth factor, tenomodulin, tumor necrosis factor-α, and p53, were analyzed with real-time quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR). In addition, immunohistochemistry and western blot assay were performed for the genes that revealed significantly different expressions in real-time qRT-PCR between groups.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Gene expression levels of MMP-9, MMP-13, IL-6, and tenomodulin were significantly higher in the diabetic than in the nondiabetic group by real-time qRT-PCR analyses (P = .011, .004, .009, and .010, respectively). The density of cells expressing MMP-9 and IL-6 was significantly increased in the torn tendons of the diabetic patients on immunohistochemical analysis, and the density of MMP-9 and IL-6 protein expressions was significantly higher in the diabetic group on western blot (P = .018 and .044, respectively).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Diabetic torn cuff tendon tissues showed MMP-9 and IL-6 overexpressions compared with controls.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The overexpressions of MMP-9 and IL-6 may be one of the explanations for the high healing failure rate after rotator cuff repair in the diabetic patients.
authors: Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Konkuk University School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
authors: Seok Won
authors: SW
authors: Chung
authors: Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Konkuk University School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
authors: Bo Mi
authors: BM
authors: Choi
authors: Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Konkuk University School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
authors: Ja Yeon
authors: JY
authors: Kim
authors: Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Konkuk University School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
authors: Yong-Soo
authors: YS
authors: Lee
authors: Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Konkuk University School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
authors: Jong Pil
authors: JP
authors: Yoon
authors: Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Konkuk University School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea; Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea. Electronic address: orthopaedics11@gmail.com.
authors: Kyung-Soo
authors: KS
authors: Oh
authors: Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Konkuk University School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
authors: Kyung Sik
authors: KS
authors: Park
mesh_terms: D016022:Case-Control Studies; D003920:Diabetes Mellitus / Q000378:metabolism*; D005260:Female; D015870:Gene Expression; D006801:Humans; D015850:Interleukin-6 / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D008297:Male; D053509:Matrix Metalloproteinase 13 / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D019278:Matrix Metalloproteinase 3 / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D008565:Membrane Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D008875:Middle Aged; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000378:metabolism; D060888:Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction; D017006:Rotator Cuff / Q000378:metabolism*; D000070636:Rotator Cuff Injuries / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D015850:Interleukin-6; D008565:Membrane Proteins; D012333:RNA, Messenger; C422444:TNMD protein, human; C507079:MMP13 protein, human; D053509:Matrix Metalloproteinase 13; C511768:MMP3 protein, human; D019278:Matrix Metalloproteinase 3