title: Postoperative analgesia in children when using clonidine in addition to fentanyl with bupivacaine given caudally.
abstract: The aim of the study was to evaluate the efficacy of clonidine in association with fentanyl as an additive to bupivacaine 0.25% given via single shot caudal epidural in pediatric patients for postoperative pain relief. In the present prospective randomized double blind study, 40 children of ASA-I-II aged 1-5 years scheduled for infraumblical surgical procedures were randomly allocated to two groups to receive either bupivacaine 0.25% (1 ml/kg) with fentanyl 1 μg/kg and clonidine 1μg/kg (group I) or bupivacaine 0.25% (1 ml/kg) with fentanyl 1 μg/kg (group II). Caudal block was performed after the induction of general anesthesia. Postoperatively patients were observed for analgesia, sedation, hemodynamic parameters, and side effects or complications. Both the groups were similar with respect to patient and various block characteristics. Heart rate and blood pressure were not different in 2 groups. Significantly prolonged duration of post-operative analgesia was observed in group I (P<0.05). Side effects such as respiratory depression, vomiting and bradycardia were similar in both groups. The adjunction of clonidine to fentanyl as additives to bupivacaine in single shot caudal epidural in children may provide better and longer analgesia after infraumblical surgical procedures.
authors: Service d'Anesthésie Réanimation, Hôpital Hedi Chaker, Sfax, Tunisie.
authors: Anouar
authors: A
authors: Jarraya
authors: Service d'Anesthésie Réanimation, Hôpital Hedi Chaker, Sfax, Tunisie.
authors: Sahar
authors: S
authors: Elleuch
authors: Service d'Anesthésie Réanimation, Hôpital Kremlin, Bicêtre.
authors: Jawhar
authors: J
authors: Zouari
authors: Service d'Anesthésie Réanimation, Hôpital Hedi Chaker, Sfax, Tunisie.
authors: Mohamed
authors: M
authors: Smaoui
authors: Service d'Anesthésie Réanimation, Hôpital Hedi Chaker, Sfax, Tunisie.
authors: Sofiene
authors: S
authors: Laabidi
authors: Service d'Anesthésie Réanimation, Hôpital Hedi Chaker, Sfax, Tunisie.
authors: Kamel
authors: K
authors: Kolsi
mesh_terms: D000700:Analgesics / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects; D000767:Anesthesia, Epidural / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000379:methods; D000768:Anesthesia, General / Q000379:methods; D000779:Anesthetics, Local / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects; D002045:Bupivacaine / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000009:adverse effects; D002675:Child, Preschool; D003000:Clonidine / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000009:adverse effects; D004311:Double-Blind Method; D004359:Drug Therapy, Combination; D005260:Female; D005283:Fentanyl / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000009:adverse effects; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D008297:Male; D010149:Postoperative Pain / Q000188:drug therapy*; D011446:Prospective Studies
chemical_list: D000700:Analgesics; D000779:Anesthetics, Local; D003000:Clonidine; D005283:Fentanyl; D002045:Bupivacaine
keywords: Caudal epidural; bupivacaine; clonidine; fentanyl; pediatric; postoperative analgesia