title: Spectrally selective three-dimensional dynamic balanced steady-state free precession for hyperpolarized C-13 metabolic imaging with spectrally selective radiofrequency pulses.
abstract: Balanced steady-state free precession (bSSFP) sequences can provide superior signal-to-noise ratio efficiency for hyperpolarized (HP) carbon-13 (13C) magnetic resonance imaging by efficiently utilizing the nonrecoverable magnetization, but managing their spectral response is challenging in the context of metabolic imaging. A new spectrally selective bSSFP sequence was developed for fast imaging of multiple HP13C metabolites with high spatiotemporal resolution.
  
  
  
  This novel approach for bSSFP spectral selectivity incorporates optimized short-duration spectrally selective radiofrequency pulses within a bSSFP pulse train and a carefully chosen repetition time to avoid banding artifacts.
  
  
  
  The sequence enabled subsecond 3D dynamic spectrally selective imaging of13C metabolites of copolarized [1-13C]pyruvate and [13C]urea at 2-mm isotropic resolution, with excellent spectral selectivity (∼100:1). The sequence was successfully tested in phantom studies and in vivo studies with normal mice.
  
  
  
  This sequence is expected to benefit applications requiring dynamic volumetric imaging of metabolically active13C compounds at high spatiotemporal resolution, including preclinical studies at high field and, potentially, clinical studies. Magn Reson Med 78:963-975, 2017. © 2016 International Society for Magnetic Resonance in Medicine.
authors: Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California, San Francisco, California, USA.|UC Berkeley-UCSF Graduate Program in Bioengineering, University of California, San Francisco and University of California, Berkeley, California, USA.
authors: Hong
authors: H
authors: Shang
authors: Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California, San Francisco, California, USA.
authors: Subramaniam
authors: S
authors: Sukumar
authors: Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California, San Francisco, California, USA.
authors: Cornelius
authors: C
authors: von Morze
authors: Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California, San Francisco, California, USA.
authors: Robert A
authors: RA
authors: Bok
authors: Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California, San Francisco, California, USA.
authors: Irene
authors: I
authors: Marco-Rius
authors: Electrical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, California, USA.
authors: Adam
authors: A
authors: Kerr
authors: HeartVista, Menlo Park, California, USA.
authors: Galen D
authors: GD
authors: Reed
authors: Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California, San Francisco, California, USA.|UC Berkeley-UCSF Graduate Program in Bioengineering, University of California, San Francisco and University of California, Berkeley, California, USA.
authors: Eugene
authors: E
authors: Milshteyn
authors: Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California, San Francisco, California, USA.
authors: Michael A
authors: MA
authors: Ohliger
authors: Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California, San Francisco, California, USA.|UC Berkeley-UCSF Graduate Program in Bioengineering, University of California, San Francisco and University of California, Berkeley, California, USA.
authors: John
authors: J
authors: Kurhanewicz
authors: Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California, San Francisco, California, USA.|UC Berkeley-UCSF Graduate Program in Bioengineering, University of California, San Francisco and University of California, Berkeley, California, USA.
authors: Peder E Z
authors: 0000-0003-4183-3634
authors: PEZ
authors: Larson
authors: Electrical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, California, USA.
authors: John M
authors: JM
authors: Pauly
authors: Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California, San Francisco, California, USA.|UC Berkeley-UCSF Graduate Program in Bioengineering, University of California, San Francisco and University of California, Berkeley, California, USA.
authors: Daniel B
authors: DB
authors: Vigneron
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D016477:Artifacts; D002247:Carbon Isotopes / Q000032:analysis / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism*; D003198:Computer Simulation; D021621:Imaging, Three-Dimensional / Q000379:methods*; D007773:Lactates / Q000032:analysis / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging / Q000379:methods*; D051379:Mice; D019047:Phantoms, Imaging; D019289:Pyruvic Acid / Q000032:analysis / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D002247:Carbon Isotopes; D007773:Lactates; D019289:Pyruvic Acid; C000615229:Carbon-13
keywords: balanced SSFP; banding artifact; hyperpolarized C-13; optimized RF pulse design; spectrally selective