title: Incorporating simvastatin/poloxamer 407 hydrogel into 3D-printed porous Ti6Al4V scaffolds for the promotion of angiogenesis, osseointegration and bone ingrowth.
abstract: Three-dimensional porous titanium alloys printed via electron beam melting have low stiffness similar to that of cortical bone and are promising scaffolds for orthopedic applications. However, the bio-inert nature of titanium alloy is poorly compatible with bone ingrowth. We previously observed that simvastatin/poloxamer 407 thermosensitive hydrogel induces endogenous angiogenic/osteogenic growth factors and promotes angiogenesis and osteogenesis, but the mechanical properties of this hydrogel are poor. The purpose of this study was to construct 3D-printed porous titanium scaffolds (pTi scaffolds) filled with simvastatin/hydrogel and evaluate the effects of this composite on osseointegration, bone ingrowth and neovascularization using a tibial defect rabbit model. Four and eight weeks after implantation, the bone volume, bone mineral density, mineral apposition rate, and push-in maximum force of the pTi scaffolds filled with simvastatin/hydrogel were significantly higher than those without simvastatin (p < 0.05). Moreover, filling with simvastatin/hydrogel significantly enhanced vascularization in and around the pTi scaffolds, and a significant correlation was observed between the volume of new bone and neovascularization (p < 0.01). In conclusion, incorporating simvastatin/poloxamer 407 hydrogel into pTi scaffolds significantly improves neovascularization, osseointegration and bone ingrowth.
authors: The Core Laboratory, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Beijing 100081, People's Republic of China. National Engineering Laboratory for Digital and Material Technology of Stomatology, Beijing 100081, People's Republic of China. Beijing Key Laboratory of Digital Stomatology, Beijing 100191, People's Republic of China.
authors: Hao
authors: H
authors: Liu
authors: Wei
authors: W
authors: Li
authors: Can
authors: C
authors: Liu
authors: Jie
authors: J
authors: Tan
authors: Hong
authors: H
authors: Wang
authors: Bao
authors: B
authors: Hai
authors: Hong
authors: H
authors: Cai
authors: Hui-Jie
authors: HJ
authors: Leng
authors: Zhong-Jun
authors: ZJ
authors: Liu
authors: Chun-Li
authors: CL
authors: Song
mesh_terms: D000497:Alloys; D000818:Animals; D001672:Biocompatible Materials / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use; D001842:Bone and Bones / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000502:physiology*; D020136:Hydrogel, Polyethylene Glycol Dimethacrylate / Q000737:chemistry*; D008297:Male; D018919:Neovascularization, Physiologic / Q000187:drug effects; D016348:Osseointegration / Q000187:drug effects; D010012:Osteogenesis / Q000187:drug effects; D020442:Poloxamer / Q000737:chemistry*; D016062:Porosity; D066330:Printing, Three-Dimensional; D019736:Prostheses and Implants; D011817:Rabbits; D019821:Simvastatin / Q000737:chemistry*; D013977:Tibia / Q000473:pathology; D013978:Tibial Fractures / Q000473:pathology / Q000628:therapy; D054457:Tissue Scaffolds / Q000737:chemistry*; D014025:Titanium / Q000737:chemistry*; D055114:X-Ray Microtomography
chemical_list: D000497:Alloys; D001672:Biocompatible Materials; D020442:Poloxamer; C031462:titanium alloy (TiAl6V4); D020136:Hydrogel, Polyethylene Glycol Dimethacrylate; D019821:Simvastatin; D014025:Titanium