title: Using Tiletamine-Zolazepam-Xylazine Anesthesia Compared to CO2-inhalation for Terminal Clinical Chemistry, Hematology, and Coagulation Analysis in Mice.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  It is important that the method of anesthesia of mice does not considerably alter the animal's physiological and metabolic status before terminal blood sampling taken in order to analyze clinical pathology parameters.
  
  
  METHODS
  Hematology, hemostasis, and clinical chemistry parameters were compared in male and female BALB/c mice exposed to either tiletamine-zolazepam-xylazine (TZX) anesthesia or euthanasia in carbon dioxide (CO2)chamber to reveal an alternative method of anesthesia vs. the recommended CO2inhalation. Blood samples were taken from the inferior vena cava.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Clinical blood parameters in mice exposed to CO2inhalation or TZX anesthesia proved to be substantially different. The TZX group had lower activated partial thromboplastin time (APTT) and fibrinogen (statistically in males and tending in females) and lower platelets (PLT), red blood cells (RBC), hemoglobin (HGB), and white blood cells (WBC) in both sexes. TZX anesthesia resulted in lower blood serum concentrations of total protein, albumin and globulins, creatinine in males (higher in females); cholesterol, triglycerides, alanine aminotransferase (АLT) and alkaline phosphatase (AP) in both sexes, and bilirubin in males. The calcium level decreased in TZX-anesthetized males and females while the phosphates decreased only in females. The volume of serum obtained from females of TZX group was approximately two times higher than in the CO2-anesthetized group, with the degree of hemolysis tending to decrease.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The studied method of mouse anesthesia, followed by terminal blood sampling and analysis of clinical pathology parameters, suggests that TZX is a good alternative to CO2inhalation in toxicological and other nonclinical studies. The differences in hemostasis, hematology, and clinical chemistry parameters between these groups are supposedly associated with alterations in physiological and metabolic status of mice under conditions of increasing hypoxia, respiratory standstill, and circulatory arrest after CO2inhalation.
authors: Biological Testing Laboratory, Branch of Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, 6 Nauki Avenue, Pushchino 142290, Russia. Electronic address: khohlova@bibch.ru.
authors: Oksana N
authors: ON
authors: Khokhlova
authors: Biological Testing Laboratory, Branch of Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, 6 Nauki Avenue, Pushchino 142290, Russia. Electronic address: tukhovskaya@bibch.ru.
authors: Elena A
authors: EA
authors: Tukhovskaya
authors: Biological Testing Laboratory, Branch of Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, 6 Nauki Avenue, Pushchino 142290, Russia. Electronic address: ikravchenko@bibch.ru.
authors: Irina N
authors: IN
authors: Kravchenko
authors: Biological Testing Laboratory, Branch of Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, 6 Nauki Avenue, Pushchino 142290, Russia. Electronic address: elenasadovnikova@yandex.ru.
authors: Elena S
authors: ES
authors: Sadovnikova
authors: Biological Testing Laboratory, Branch of Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, 6 Nauki Avenue, Pushchino 142290, Russia. Electronic address: pakhomova@bibch.ru.
authors: Irina A
authors: IA
authors: Pakhomova
authors: Biological Testing Laboratory, Branch of Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, 6 Nauki Avenue, Pushchino 142290, Russia. Electronic address: kalabina@newmail.ru.
authors: Elena A
authors: EA
authors: Kalabina
authors: Biological Testing Laboratory, Branch of Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, 6 Nauki Avenue, Pushchino 142290, Russia. Electronic address: lobanov@bibch.ru.
authors: Alexander V
authors: AV
authors: Lobanov
authors: Biological Testing Laboratory, Branch of Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, 6 Nauki Avenue, Pushchino 142290, Russia. Electronic address: shai78@rambler.ru.
authors: Elvira R
authors: ER
authors: Shaykhutdinova
authors: Biological Testing Laboratory, Branch of Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, 6 Nauki Avenue, Pushchino 142290, Russia. Electronic address: ismailowa.a.m@yandex.ru.
authors: Alina M
authors: AM
authors: Ismailova
authors: Biological Testing Laboratory, Branch of Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, 6 Nauki Avenue, Pushchino 142290, Russia. Electronic address: murashev@bibch.ru.
authors: Arkady N
authors: AN
authors: Murashev
mesh_terms: D000280:Administration, Inhalation; D000758:Anesthesia / Q000379:methods*; D000818:Animals; D001774:Blood Chemical Analysis / Q000379:methods; D001777:Blood Coagulation / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000502:physiology; D002245:Carbon Dioxide / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D004338:Drug Combinations; D005260:Female; D006403:Hematologic Tests / Q000379:methods; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D008807:Mice, Inbred BALB C; D013992:Tiletamine / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D014991:Xylazine / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D015041:Zolazepam / Q000008:administration & dosage*
chemical_list: D004338:Drug Combinations; C006131:tiletamine, zolazepam drug combination; D002245:Carbon Dioxide; D014991:Xylazine; D013992:Tiletamine; D015041:Zolazepam
keywords: Anesthesia; BALB/c mice; Carbon dioxide; Clinical chemistry; Hematology; Hemostasis; Methods; Tiletamine-zolazepam-xylazine