title: Private Practitioners' Perspectives on Their Involvement With the Tuberculosis Control Programme in a Southern Indian State.
abstract: Public and private health sectors both play a crucial role in the health systems of low- and middle-income countries (LMICs). The tuberculosis (TB) control strategy in India encourages the public sector to actively partner with private practitioners (PPs) to improve the quality of front line service delivery. However, ensuring effective and sustainable involvement of PPs constitutes a major challenge. This paper reports the findings from an empirical study focusing on the perspectives and experiences of PPs towards their involvement in TB control programme in India.
  
  
  
  The study was carried out between November 2010 and December 2011 in a district of a Southern Indian State and utilised qualitative methodologies, combining observations and in-depth interviews with 21 PPs from different medical systems. The collected data was coded and analysed using thematic analysis.
  
  
  
  PPs perceived themselves to be crucial healthcare providers, with different roles within the public-private mix (PPM) TB policy. Despite this, PPs felt neglected and undervalued in the actual process of implementation of the PPM-TB policy. The entire process was considered to be government driven and their professional skills and knowledge of different medical systems remained unrecognised at the policy level, and weakened their relationship and bond with the policy and with the programme. PPs had contrasting perceptions about the different components of the TB programme that demonstrated the public sector's dominance in the overall implementation of the DOTS strategy. Although PPs felt responsible for their TB patients, they found it difficult to perceive themselves as 'partners with the TB programme.'
  
  
  
  Public-private partnerships (PPPs) are increasingly utilized as a public health strategy to strengthen health systems. These policies will fail if the concerns of the PPs are neglected. To ensure their long-term involvement in the programme the abilities of PPs and the important perspectives from other Indian medical systems need to be recognised and supported.
authors: Department of Global Health and Development, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, UK.|The Maharashtra Association of Anthropological Sciences, Centre for Health Research and Development (MAAS-CHRD), Savitribai Phule Pune University, Pune, India.
authors: Solomon
authors: S
authors: Salve
authors: Public Health Foundation of India, New Delhi, India.
authors: Kabir
authors: K
authors: Sheikh
authors: Departments of Clinical Research and Global Health and Development, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, UK.
authors: John Dh
authors: JD
authors: Porter
mesh_terms: D001291:Attitude of Health Personnel; D003140:Communicable Disease Control / Q000458:organization & administration*; D003299:Cooperative Behavior; D003695:Delivery of Health Care; D003906:Developing Countries; D006078:Government Programs; D006291:Health Policy; D006801:Humans; D007194:India; D010820:Physicians; D011331:Private Practice; D017149:Private Sector; D017150:Public Sector; D055818:Public-Private Sector Partnerships; D012941:Social Responsibility; D014376:Tuberculosis / Q000517:prevention & control*
keywords: India; Private Practitioners (PPs); Private Sector; Public Sector; Public-Private Mix (PPM); Tuberculosis (TB)