title: Monocyte Activation Is Associated With Worse Cognitive Performance in HIV-Infected Women With Virologic Suppression.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Cognitive impairment persists despite suppression of plasma human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) RNA. Monocyte-related immune activation is a likely mechanism. We examined immune activation and cognition in a cohort of HIV-infected and uninfected women from the Women's Interagency HIV Study (WIHS).
  
  
  METHODS
  Blood levels of activation markers, soluble CD163 (sCD163), soluble CD14 (sCD14), CRP, IL-6, and a gut microbial translocation marker (intestinal fatty acid binding protein (I-FABP)) were measured in 253 women (73% HIV-infected). Markers were compared to concurrent (within ± one semiannual visit) neuropsychological testing performance.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Higher sCD163 levels were associated with worse overall performance and worse verbal learning, verbal memory, executive function, psychomotor speed, and fine motor skills (P < .05 for all comparisons). Higher sCD14 levels were associated with worse verbal learning, verbal memory, executive function, and psychomotor speed (P < .05 for all comparisons). Among women with virological suppression, sCD163 remained associated with overall performance, verbal memory, psychomotor speed, and fine motor skills, and sCD164 remained associated with executive function (P < .05 for all comparisons). CRP, IL-6, and I-FABP were not associated with worse cognitive performance.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Monocyte activation was associated with worse cognitive performance, and associations persisted despite viral suppression. Persistent inflammatory mechanisms related to monocytes correlate to clinically pertinent brain outcomes.
authors: Memory and Aging Center, Department of Neurology.|Rutgers Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Piscataway, New Jersey.
authors: Brandon M
authors: BM
authors: Imp
authors: Department of Psychiatry, University of Illinois at Chicago.
authors: Leah H
authors: LH
authors: Rubin
authors: Department of Medicine, University of California-San Francisco.|Division of Infectious Diseases, Veterans Affairs Medical Center, San Francisco, California.
authors: Phyllis C
authors: PC
authors: Tien
authors: Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, D. C.
authors: Michael W
authors: MW
authors: Plankey
authors: Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland.
authors: Elizabeth T
authors: ET
authors: Golub
authors: CORE Center, Cook County Health and Hospitals System.|Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois.
authors: Audrey L
authors: AL
authors: French
authors: Memory and Aging Center, Department of Neurology.
authors: Victor G
authors: VG
authors: Valcour
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D015703:Antigens, CD / Q000097:blood; D015214:Antigens, Differentiation, Myelomonocytic / Q000097:blood; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000097:blood; D002352:Carrier Proteins / Q000097:blood; D003072:Cognition Disorders / Q000209:etiology* / Q000276:immunology* / Q000821:virology; D050556:Fatty Acid-Binding Proteins / Q000097:blood; D005260:Female; D015658:HIV Infections / Q000150:complications* / Q000276:immunology* / Q000821:virology; D006801:Humans; D015850:Interleukin-6 / Q000097:blood; D060588:LIM Domain Proteins / Q000097:blood; D018950:Lipopolysaccharide Receptors / Q000097:blood; D008875:Middle Aged; D009000:Monocytes / Q000276:immunology* / Q000378:metabolism; D010446:Peptide Fragments / Q000097:blood; D011446:Prospective Studies; D011956:Receptors, Cell Surface / Q000097:blood; D019562:Viral Load; D000098902:CD163 Antigen
chemical_list: D015703:Antigens, CD; D015214:Antigens, Differentiation, Myelomonocytic; D015415:Biomarkers; D000098902:CD163 Antigen; C486181:CRIP1 protein, human; D002352:Carrier Proteins; D050556:Fatty Acid-Binding Proteins; D015850:Interleukin-6; D060588:LIM Domain Proteins; D018950:Lipopolysaccharide Receptors; D010446:Peptide Fragments; D011956:Receptors, Cell Surface; C527661:intestinal fatty acid-binding protein (1-19), human
keywords: CD14; CD163; HIV infection; cognition disorders; intesticial fatty acid-binding protein (1-19); women