title: Anion Channels of Mitochondria.
abstract: Mitochondria are the "power house" of a cell continuously generating ATP to ensure its proper functioning. The constant production of ATP via oxidative phosphorylation demands a large electrochemical force that drives protons across the highly selective and low-permeable mitochondrial inner membrane. Besides the conventional role of generating ATP, mitochondria also play an active role in calcium signaling, generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS), stress responses, and regulation of cell-death pathways. Deficiencies in these functions result in several pathological disorders like aging, cancer, diabetes, neurodegenerative and cardiovascular diseases. A plethora of ion channels and transporters are present in the mitochondrial inner and outer membranes which work in concert to preserve the ionic equilibrium of a cell for the maintenance of cell integrity, in physiological as well as pathophysiological conditions. For, e.g., mitochondrial cation channels KATPand BKCaplay a significant role in cardioprotection from ischemia-reperfusion injury. In addition to the cation channels, mitochondrial anion channels are equally essential, as they aid in maintaining electro-neutrality by regulating the cell volume and pH. This chapter focusses on the information on molecular identity, structure, function, and physiological relevance of mitochondrial chloride channels such as voltage dependent anion channels (VDACs), uncharacterized mitochondrial inner membrane anion channels (IMACs), chloride intracellular channels (CLIC) and the aspects of forthcoming chloride channels.
authors: Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, Drexel University College of Medicine, 245 N. 15th Street, Room 8154, Mail Stop 488, Philadelphia, PA, 19102-1192, USA.
authors: Devasena
authors: D
authors: Ponnalagu
authors: Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, Drexel University College of Medicine, 245 N. 15th Street, Room 8154, Mail Stop 488, Philadelphia, PA, 19102-1192, USA. Harpreet.singh@drexelmed.edu.
authors: Harpreet
authors: H
authors: Singh
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D018118:Chloride Channels / Q000502:physiology*; D006801:Humans; D008928:Mitochondria / Q000378:metabolism*; D033681:Mitochondrial Membrane Transport Proteins / Q000502:physiology; D000083162:Mitochondrial Permeability Transition Pore; D050994:Voltage-Dependent Anion Channels / Q000502:physiology*
chemical_list: D018118:Chloride Channels; D033681:Mitochondrial Membrane Transport Proteins; D000083162:Mitochondrial Permeability Transition Pore; D050994:Voltage-Dependent Anion Channels
keywords: Anion channels; Chloride intracellular channels (CLICs); Inner membrane anion channel (IMAC); Mitochondria; Mitochondrial permeability transition pore (mPTP); Uncoupling protein (UCP); Voltage dependent anion channel (VDAC)