title: Structure, molecular conformation, and immunomodulatory activity of four polysaccharide fractions from Lignosus rhinocerotis sclerotia.
abstract: Four polysaccharide fractions, LRP-1, LRP-2, LRP-3 and LRP-4 were extracted stepwise from Lignosus rhinocerotis sclerotia with distilled water at 25, 95, 120°C and 1.0M NaOH solution at 4°C. Their structure, molecular size and chain conformation were clarified using SEC-MALLS-RI, GC, FT-IR and UV-vis. Furthermore, their immunomodulatory activities were evaluated by the model of cyclophosphamide (Cy)-induced immunosuppression. The LRP-1 and LRP-2 were polysaccharide-protein complexes (46-68% β-d-glucan and 27-48% protein), while LRP-3 and LRP-4 were absolutely composed of β-d-glucose. The LRP-4 with low polydispersity had much higher molecular weight (Mw, 5.86×106g/mol) and intrinsic viscosity ([η], 202.6ml/g) than other LRP fractions. Based on Mw, radius of gyration (<S2>z1/2) and [η] data with the exponent β of <S2>z1/2-Mwand its U-shaped curve, all four LRP fractions were highly branched macromolecules and LRP-3 showed a more compact sphere-like conformation than LRP-2 in aqueous solution. Additionally, all four LRP fractions exhibited protective effects against Cy-induced immunosuppression in mice by improving immune organs as well as stimulating the release of major cytokines TNF-α and INF-γ. This work provides a theoretical basis for the application of polysaccharides and their protein complexes from Lignosus rhinocerotis sclerotia in food- or drug-based therapies.
authors: College of Food Science and Technology and MOE Key Laboratory of Environment Correlative Dietology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China.
authors: Ting
authors: T
authors: Hu
authors: College of Food Science and Technology and MOE Key Laboratory of Environment Correlative Dietology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China. Electronic address: hql@mail.hzau.edu.cn.
authors: Qilin
authors: Q
authors: Huang
authors: Department of Applied Biology and Chemical Technology, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China.
authors: Kahing
authors: K
authors: Wong
authors: College of Food Science and Technology and MOE Key Laboratory of Environment Correlative Dietology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China. Electronic address: yangh@mail.hzau.edu.cn.
authors: Hong
authors: H
authors: Yang
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001487:Basidiomycota / Q000737:chemistry*; D002236:Carbohydrate Conformation; D016207:Cytokines / Q000378:metabolism; D004353:Drug Evaluation, Preclinical; D005260:Female; D062610:Fungal Polysaccharides / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000494:pharmacology; D007155:Immunologic Factors / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000494:pharmacology; D051379:Mice; D008970:Molecular Weight; D013154:Spleen / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D013950:Thymus Gland / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D016207:Cytokines; D062610:Fungal Polysaccharides; D007155:Immunologic Factors
keywords: Immunomodulatory activity; Molecular conformation; Polysaccharides from Lignosus rhinocerotis