title: Cognitive distortions and ADHD in pathological gambling: A national longitudinal case-control cohort study.
abstract: Introduction The primary outcome of our study was to assess the links between the level of cognitive distortions and the severity of gambling disorder. We also aimed at assessing the links between patient gambling trajectories and attention deficit and hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). Materials and methods The study population (n = 628) was comprised of problem and non-problem gamblers of both sexes between 18 and 65 years of age, who reported gambling on at least one occasion during the previous year. Data encompassed socio-demographic characteristics, gambling habits, the South Oaks Gambling Screen, the Gambling Attitudes and Beliefs Survey - 23, the Wender Utah Rating Scale - Child, and the Adult ADHD Self-report Scale. Results The cognitive distortions with the greatest correlation to the severity of gambling disorder were the "Chasing" and "Emotions." These two dimensions were able to distinguish between problem gamblers seeking treatment or not. While age of onset of gambling and length of gambling practice were not associated with the level of distorted cognitions, a period of abstinence of at least 1 month was associated with a lower level of distorted cognitions. The presence of ADHD resulted in a higher level of distorted cognitions. Conclusion Cognitive work is essential to the prevention, and the treatment, of pathological gambling, especially with respect to emotional biases and chasing behavior. The instauration of an abstinence period of at least 1 month under medical supervision could be a promising therapeutic lead for reducing gambling-related erroneous thoughts and for improving care strategies of pathological gamblers.
authors: 1 EA 4430 CLIPSYD "CLInique PSYchanalyse Développement," University of Paris Ouest Nanterre La Défense , Paris, France , and Unité Inserm U894, CPN , Paris, France .|2 Louis Mourier Hospital of Colombes, Assistance Publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (APHP ), Paris, France.
authors: Lucia
authors: L
authors: Romo
authors: 1 EA 4430 CLIPSYD "CLInique PSYchanalyse Développement," University of Paris Ouest Nanterre La Défense , Paris, France , and Unité Inserm U894, CPN , Paris, France .|2 Louis Mourier Hospital of Colombes, Assistance Publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (APHP ), Paris, France.
authors: Cindy
authors: C
authors: Legauffre
authors: 3 EA 4275 SPHERE "bioStatistics, Pharmacoepidemiology and Human sciEnces Research tEam," Faculties of Medicine and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Nantes , Nantes, France.|4 Unit of Methodology and Biostatistics, University Hospital of Nantes , Nantes, France.
authors: Alice
authors: A
authors: Guilleux
authors: 5 Marmottan Medical Center, GPS Perray-Vaucluse , Paris, France.
authors: Marc
authors: M
authors: Valleur
authors: 6 Department of Adult Psychiatry, Sainte-Marguerite University Hospital of Marseille , Marseille, France.
authors: David
authors: D
authors: Magalon
authors: 7 Psychiatry Laboratory, SANPSY CNRS USR 3413, University of Bordeaux and Charles Perrens Hospital , Bordeaux, France.
authors: Mélina
authors: M
authors: Fatséas
authors: 8 Psychiatry Department, University Hospital of Clermont-Ferrand , Clermont-Ferrand, France.
authors: Isabelle
authors: I
authors: Chéreau-Boudet
authors: 9 Psychiatry and Addictology Department, Paul Brousse University Hospital of Villejuif, Assistance Publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (APHP) , Villejuif, France.
authors: Amandine
authors: A
authors: Luquiens
authors: 3 EA 4275 SPHERE "bioStatistics, Pharmacoepidemiology and Human sciEnces Research tEam," Faculties of Medicine and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Nantes , Nantes, France.|10 Clinical Investigation Unit BALANCED "BehaviorAL AddictioNs and ComplEx mood Disorders," Department of Addictology and Psychiatry, University Hospital of Nantes , Nantes, France.
authors: Jean-Luc
authors: JL
authors: Vénisse
authors: 3 EA 4275 SPHERE "bioStatistics, Pharmacoepidemiology and Human sciEnces Research tEam," Faculties of Medicine and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Nantes , Nantes, France.|10 Clinical Investigation Unit BALANCED "BehaviorAL AddictioNs and ComplEx mood Disorders," Department of Addictology and Psychiatry, University Hospital of Nantes , Nantes, France.
authors: Marie
authors: M
authors: Grall-Bronnec
authors: 3 EA 4275 SPHERE "bioStatistics, Pharmacoepidemiology and Human sciEnces Research tEam," Faculties of Medicine and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Nantes , Nantes, France.|10 Clinical Investigation Unit BALANCED "BehaviorAL AddictioNs and ComplEx mood Disorders," Department of Addictology and Psychiatry, University Hospital of Nantes , Nantes, France.
authors: Gaëlle
authors: G
authors: Challet-Bouju
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D001289:Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity / Q000150:complications / Q000523:psychology*; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D003071:Cognition; D003072:Cognition Disorders / Q000150:complications; D004644:Emotions; D005260:Female; D005715:Gambling / Q000150:complications / Q000523:psychology* / Q000628:therapy; D006801:Humans; D008137:Longitudinal Studies; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010342:Patient Acceptance of Health Care / Q000523:psychology; D011569:Psychiatric Status Rating Scales; D012720:Severity of Illness Index; D012959:Socioeconomic Factors; D013850:Thinking; D055815:Young Adult
keywords: ADHD; adults; chasing; cognitive distortions; emotions; gambling