title: Interactions between Obesity Status and Dietary Intake of Monounsaturated and Polyunsaturated Oils on Human Gut Microbiome Profiles in the Canola Oil Multicenter Intervention Trial (COMIT).
abstract: Long-term dietary fatty acid intake is believed to induce changes in the human gut microbiome which might be associated with human health or obesity status; however, considerable debate remains regarding the most favorable ratios of fatty acids to optimize these processes. The objective of this sub-study of a double-blinded randomized crossover clinical study, the canola oil multi-center intervention trial, was to investigate effects of five different novel oil blends fed for 30 days each on the intestinal microbiota in 25 volunteers with risk of metabolic syndrome. The 60 g treatments included three MUFA-rich diets: (1) conventional canola oil (Canola); (2) DHA-enriched high oleic canola oil (CanolaDHA); (3) high oleic canola oil (CanolaOleic); and two PUFA-rich diets: (4) a blend of corn/saﬄower oil (25:75) (CornSaff); and (5) a blend of flax/saﬄower oil (60:40) (FlaxSaff). Stool samples were collected at the end of each period. DNA was extracted and amplified for 16S rRNA gene pyrosequencing. A total of 17 phyla and 187 genera were identified. While five novel oil treatments failed to alter bacterial phyla composition, obese participants resulted in a higher proportion of Firmicutes to Bacteroidetes than overweight or normal weight groups (P= 0.01). Similarly at the genus level, overall bacterial distribution was highly associated with subjects' body mass index (BMI). Treatment effects were observed between MUFA- and PUFA-rich diets, with the three MUFA diets elevatingParabacteroides, Prevotella, Turicibacter, and Enterobacteriaceae's populations, while the two PUFA-rich diets favored the higher abundance ofIsobaculum. High MUFA content feedings also resulted in an increase ofParabacteroidesand a decrease ofIsobaculumin obese, but not overweight subjects. Data suggest that BMI is a predominant factor in characterization of human gut microbiota profile, and that MUFA-rich and PUFA-rich diets impact the composition of gut microbiota at lower taxonomical levels mainly in obese subjects.
authors: Department of Human Nutritional Sciences, University of Manitoba, WinnipegMB, Canada; Richardson Centre for Functional Foods and Nutraceuticals, University of Manitoba, WinnipegMB, Canada.
authors: Shuaihua
authors: S
authors: Pu
authors: Gut Microbiome Laboratory, Department of Animal Science, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg MB, Canada.
authors: Hamidreza
authors: H
authors: Khazanehei
authors: Department of Human Nutritional Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg MB, Canada.
authors: Peter J
authors: PJ
authors: Jones
authors: Gut Microbiome Laboratory, Department of Animal Science, University of Manitoba, WinnipegMB, Canada; Department of Medical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, University of Manitoba, WinnipegMB, Canada.
authors: Ehsan
authors: E
authors: Khafipour
keywords: BMI; blended oil; gut microbiota; monounsaturated fatty acid (MUFA); polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA)