title: Evidence-based Treatment Options in Cannabis Dependency.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Now that the consumption of natural and synthetic cannabinoids is becoming more widespread, the specific treatment of cannabis-related disturbances is an increasingly important matter. There are many therapeutic options, and it is not always clear which ones are evidence-based and appropriate for use in a given clinical situation.
  
  
  METHODS
  This review is based on reports of pertinent randomized and controlled trials (RCTs) that were retrieved by a selective search in the PubMed and Cochrane databases.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Cognitive behavior therapy (CBT) combined with other techniques has been found to have a moderate to large effect (Cohen's d = 0.53-0.9) on the amount of cannabis consumed as well as on the level of psychosocial functioning or the dependence syndrome. Systemic multidimensional family therapy (MDFT) has been found beneficial for younger adolescents who consume large amounts of cannabis and have psychiatric comorbidities. Short-term interventions with motivational talk therapy have been found effective for patients with or without an initial desire to achieve cannabis abstinence. All of these psychotherapeutic interventions are effective at evidence level Ia. The administration of gabapentin had a weak effect (d = 0.26) on the quantity consumed and on abstinence (evidence level Ib). Withdrawal symptoms can be alleviated with cannabinoid-receptor antagonists (d = 0.223 and 0.481) (evidence level Ib). On the other hand, there is evidence that serotonergic antidepressants can worsen withdrawal manifestations and increase the likelihood of relapse.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Psychotherapeutic techniques remain the foundation of treatment for cannabis dependence. No drug has yet been approved for the treatment of cannabis dependence because of the lack of scientific evidence. The rates of abstinence that are currently achieved, even with psychotherapy, are still only moderate. Further clinical studies are needed for the evaluation of combinations of various treatments that can meet the needs of individual patients.
authors: Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Campus Mitte, Therapieladen e. V., Berlin, Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Charité Campus Mitte at St. Hedwig Hospital, Charité Campus Mitte.
authors: Lisa
authors: L
authors: Walther
authors: Andreas
authors: A
authors: Gantner
authors: Andreas
authors: A
authors: Heinz
authors: Tomislav
authors: T
authors: Majić
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D002186:Cannabinoids; D002188:Cannabis; D015928:Cognitive Behavioral Therapy; D006801:Humans; D002189:Marijuana Abuse / Q000628:therapy*; D011613:Psychotherapy; D016032:Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic
chemical_list: D002186:Cannabinoids