title: Single-Multiplex Detection of Organ Injury Biomarkers using SPRi based Nano-Immunosensor.
abstract: The clinical assessment of multiple organ dysfunctions at early stages is recognized to be an important factor in prompting definitive treatment decisions that prevent irreversible organ damage. In this article, we propose a real-time, label-free, and multiplex nanoenhanced SPRi platform to quantitatively assess two biomarkers, kidney injury molecule (KIM-1) and high mobility group box-1 (HMGB-1) simultaneously in buffer. Our work involves three major contributions in the design of the immunosensor: (1) we applied site-specific immobilization of antibodies to the solid surface that avoids loss of biological activity caused by covalent attachment; (2) we constructed a well-blocked sensor surface that exhibits minimal non-specific adsorption for singleplex measurements of each biomarker in buffer; and (3) we adopted a sandwich assay that implements functionalized quantum dots (NanoEnhancers) as signal amplifiers to achieve a sensitivity level of 5 pg/mL for KIM-1 and HMGB-1 in buffer. We foresee great potential and success in extending this multiplex and ultra-sensitive platform to assess a variety of other emerging clinical biomarkers at low concentrations and in complex matrices.
authors: Department of Nanoscience, University of North Carolina at Greensboro, Greensboro, NC 27455, USA.
authors: Effat
authors: E
authors: Zeidan
authors: Luna Innovations Incorporated, Danville, VA 24541, USA.
authors: Siqi
authors: S
authors: Li
authors: Luna Innovations Incorporated, Danville, VA 24541, USA.
authors: Zhiguo
authors: Z
authors: Zhou
authors: Luna Innovations Incorporated, Danville, VA 24541, USA.
authors: Jennifer
authors: J
authors: Miller
authors: Department of Nanoscience, University of North Carolina at Greensboro, Greensboro, NC 27455, USA.|HORIBA Scientific, Edison, NJ 08820, USA.
authors: Marinella G
authors: MG
authors: Sandros
mesh_terms: D058186:Acute Kidney Injury / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000378:metabolism; D000906:Antibodies / Q000378:metabolism; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000378:metabolism; D015374:Biosensing Techniques / Q000379:methods*; D024243:HMGB1 Protein / Q000378:metabolism*; D000072596:Hepatitis A Virus Cellular Receptor 1 / Q000378:metabolism*; D006801:Humans; D017114:Liver Failure, Acute / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000378:metabolism; D040081:Protein Array Analysis; D045663:Quantum Dots
chemical_list: D000906:Antibodies; D015415:Biomarkers; C491143:HAVCR1 protein, human; D024243:HMGB1 Protein; C585491:HMGB1 protein, human; D000072596:Hepatitis A Virus Cellular Receptor 1