title: Zanthoxylum piperitum reversed alveolar bone loss of periodontitis via regulation of bone remodeling-related factors.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Zanthoxylum piperitum (ZP) has been used to prevent toothache in East Asia.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  In this study, we investigated the effects of ZP on periodontitis along with alveolar bone loss.
  
  
  METHODS
  Twenty-eight male Sprague-Dawley rats were assigned into 4 groups; non-ligated (NOR), ligated and treated vehicle (CTR), ligated and treated 1mg/mL ZP (ZP1), and ligated and treated 100mg/mL ZP (ZP100). Sterilized 3-0 nylon ligature was placed into the subgingival sulcus around the both sides of mandibular first molar. After topical application of 1 and 100mg/mL ZP for 2 weeks, mandibles was removed for histology. In addition, SaOS-2 osteoblast cells were treated 1, 10 and 100μg/mL ZP for 24h to analyze the expressions of alveolar bone-related markers.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Several alveolar bone resorption pits, which indicate cementum demineralization were decreased by ZP treatment. Topical ZP treatment inhibited periodontitis-induced alveolar bone loss. In addition, there were significant reduction of osteoclastic activities following topical ZP treatment in periodontium. The expression of RANKL was decreased in SaOS-2 osteoblast cells by treating ZP, while that of OPG was increased. ZP treatment increased the expressions of Runx2 and Osterix in SaOS-2 cells.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In summary, ZP treatment inhibited alveolar bone loss as well as maintained the integrity of periodontal structures via regulation of bone remodeling. ZP may be a therapeutic target for treating periodontitis.
authors: Department of Convergence Korean Medical Science, College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
authors: Mi Hye
authors: MH
authors: Kim
authors: Department of Convergence Korean Medical Science, College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
authors: Hye Ji
authors: HJ
authors: Lee
authors: Department of Periodontology, College of Dentistry, Dankook University, Cheonan, Republic of Korea.
authors: Jung-Chul
authors: JC
authors: Park
authors: College of Pharmacy, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
authors: Jongki
authors: J
authors: Hong
authors: Department of Convergence Korean Medical Science, College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Republic of Korea. Electronic address: wmyang@khu.ac.kr.
authors: Woong Mo
authors: WM
authors: Yang
mesh_terms: D016301:Alveolar Bone Loss / Q000378:metabolism / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000517:prevention & control*; D000539:Alveolar Process / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000503:physiopathology; D000818:Animals; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000378:metabolism; D050071:Bone Density Conservation Agents / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000494:pharmacology*; D016723:Bone Remodeling / Q000187:drug effects*; D045744:Cell Line, Tumor; D050659:Core Binding Factor Alpha 1 Subunit / Q000378:metabolism; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D010006:Osteoblasts / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D010010:Osteoclasts / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D010518:Periodontitis / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000503:physiopathology; D008517:Phytotherapy; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000494:pharmacology*; D010946:Plants, Medicinal; D053245:RANK Ligand / Q000378:metabolism; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D015398:Signal Transduction / Q000187:drug effects; D000076182:Sp7 Transcription Factor; D013997:Time Factors; D014157:Transcription Factors / Q000378:metabolism; D032106:Zanthoxylum / Q000737:chemistry*
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; D050071:Bone Density Conservation Agents; D050659:Core Binding Factor Alpha 1 Subunit; D010936:Plant Extracts; D053245:RANK Ligand; C493709:RUNX2 protein, human; D000076182:Sp7 Transcription Factor; C478163:SP7 protein, human; C505688:TNFSF11 protein, human; D014157:Transcription Factors
keywords: Alveolar bone; Osteoblast; Osteoclast; Periodontitis; Zanthoxylum piperitum