title: Interaction of almond cystatin with pesticides: Structural and functional analysis.
abstract: Pesticides are chemical substances that eliminate or control a variety of agricultural pests that damage crops and livestock. They not only affect the targeted pests but also affect the nontargeted systems, raising more concerns for their effect on both plant and animal systems. Cystatins (cysteine protease inhibitor) are ubiquitously present in all living cells and show a variety of important physiological functions. The present study shows the effect of different pesticides (pendimethalin, methoxyfenozide, and CuIIhydroxide) on purified almond cystatin. Almond cystatin showed concentration-dependent loss in papain inhibitory activity on interaction with the pesticides, showing maximum loss in the presence of Cu(II) hydroxide and minimum in the case of methoxyfenozide. Native polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis showed maximum degradation of purified cystatin in the presence of Cu(II) hydroxide with insignificant effect in the presence of methoxyfenozide. Structural alterations were significant in the case of Cu(II) hydroxide and less in the case of methoxyfenozide as revealed by UV and fluorescence spectral studies. Secondary structural alterations were further conformed by circular dichroism and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. The α-helix content of almond cystatin decreases from 35.64% (native) to 34.83%, 30.79%, and 29.62% for methoxyfenozide-, pendimethalin-, and Cu(II) hydroxide-treated cystatin, respectively. A Fourier transform infrared study shows an amide I band shift for almond cystatin from 1649.15 ± 0.5 to 1646.48 ± 0.6, 1640.44 ± 0.6, and 1635.11 ± 0.3 cm-1for methoxyfenozide, pendimethalin, and Cu(II) hydroxide, respectively. Values obtained for different thermodynamic parameters (ΔH0, ΔG0, N, and ΔS0) by isothermal titration calorimetric experiments reveal maximum binding of almond cystatin with Cu(II) hydroxide followed by pendimethalin and little interaction with methoxyfenozide.
authors: Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of life Sciences, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, India.
authors: Azad Alam
authors: AA
authors: Siddiqui
authors: Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of life Sciences, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, India.
authors: Peerzada Shariq Shaheen
authors: PS
authors: Khaki
authors: Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of life Sciences, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, India.
authors: Bilqees
authors: B
authors: Bano
mesh_terms: D000814:Aniline Compounds / Q000494:pharmacology; D002151:Calorimetry; D002942:Circular Dichroism; D003300:Copper / Q000494:pharmacology; D015891:Cystatins / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000187:drug effects*; D006834:Hydrazines / Q000494:pharmacology; D006878:Hydroxides / Q000494:pharmacology; D007605:Juvenile Hormones / Q000494:pharmacology; D008958:Models, Molecular; D010575:Pesticides / Q000494:pharmacology*; D010940:Plant Proteins / Q000737:chemistry / Q000187:drug effects; D017433:Protein Structure, Secondary / Q000187:drug effects; D000068181:Prunus dulcis / Q000378:metabolism*; D017550:Spectroscopy, Fourier Transform Infrared
chemical_list: D000814:Aniline Compounds; D015891:Cystatins; D006834:Hydrazines; D006878:Hydroxides; D007605:Juvenile Hormones; D010575:Pesticides; D010940:Plant Proteins; C508959:copper hydroxide; C406712:methoxyfenozide; D003300:Copper; C030856:pendimethalin
keywords: almond cystatin; methoxyfenozide; pendimethalin; pesticide; spectroscopy