title: Evaluation of HTLV-1 HBZ and proviral load, together with host IFN λ3, in pathogenesis of HAM/TSP.
abstract: Human T-cell lymphotropic virus 1 (HTLV-1) is associated with two progressive diseases: HTLV-1-associated myelopathy/tropical spastic paraparesis (HAM/TSP) and adult T-cell leukemia/lymphoma (ATLL). Although HTLV-1 proviral load (PVL) has been introduced as a risk factor for these diseases' progression, it is not sufficient on its own to yield an accurate estimation of the outcome of the infection. In the present study, PVL and HTLV-1 basic leucine zipper factor (HBZ) expression level as viral factors, and IFN λ3 as a host factor, were evaluated in HAM/TSP patients and HTLV-1 asymptomatic carriers (ACs). During 2014-2015, 12 HAM/TSP patients and 18 ACs who had been referred to the HTLV-1 Clinic, Ghaem Hospital, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences (MUMS), Mashhad, Iran, were enrolled in this study. Peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) were isolated and the DNA and mRNA were extracted for quantification of HBZ, IFN λ3 expression, and PVL using real-time PCR (TaqMan method). Although the PVL was higher in the HAM/TSP group, with a 94% confidence interval, there were no considerable differences in terms of HBZ mRNA and PVL between ACs and HAM patients. IFN λ3 expression in the HAM/TSP group was significantly higher than in the ACs (P = 0.02). To the best of our knowledge, no study has evaluated the expression level of IFN λ3 in HTLV-1 positive patients. The immune response against HTLV-1 viral antigens and virulent factors will therefore further refine our knowledge of interactions between the virus and host in the pathogenesis of HTLV-1-related disorders. The virus PVL and the host IFN λ3 can be used as pathogenic factors of HTLV-1 infected patients at risk of HAM/TSP manifestation. J. Med. Virol. 89:1102-1107, 2017. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
authors: Department of Virology, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
authors: Sayed-Hamidreza
authors: SH
authors: Mozhgani
authors: Department of Virology, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
authors: Najmeh
authors: N
authors: Jaberi
authors: Inflammation and Inflammatory Disease Research Centre, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
authors: Seyed Abdolrahim
authors: SA
authors: Rezaee
authors: Department of Neurology and HTLV-1 Foundation, Ghaem Hospital, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
authors: Reza
authors: R
authors: Bustani
authors: Department of Virology, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
authors: Seyed Mohammad
authors: SM
authors: Jazayeri
authors: Inflammation and Inflammatory Disease Research Centre, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
authors: Mohammad Mehdi
authors: MM
authors: Akbarin
authors: Department of Biotechnology, School of Medicine, Shahid-Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
authors: Saeideh
authors: S
authors: Milani
authors: Inflammation and Inflammatory Disease Research Centre, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.|Student Research Committee, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Science, Mashhad, Iran.
authors: Hanieh
authors: H
authors: Tarokhian
authors: Department of Virology, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
authors: Mehdi
authors: M
authors: Norouzi
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D050976:Basic-Leucine Zipper Transcription Factors / Q000096:biosynthesis* / Q000235:genetics; D004279:DNA, Viral / Q000032:analysis; D005260:Female; D020869:Gene Expression Profiling; D015490:HTLV-I Infections / Q000473:pathology / Q000821:virology*; D054884:Host-Pathogen Interactions; D015368:Human T-lymphotropic virus 1 / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000472:pathogenicity*; D006801:Humans; D007372:Interferons; D007378:Interleukins / Q000096:biosynthesis* / Q000235:genetics; D007492:Iran; D007963:Leukocytes, Mononuclear / Q000821:virology; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011533:Proviruses / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000472:pathogenicity*; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000032:analysis; D060888:Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction; D012191:Retroviridae Proteins / Q000096:biosynthesis* / Q000235:genetics; D019562:Viral Load; D000095022:Interferon Lambda
chemical_list: D050976:Basic-Leucine Zipper Transcription Factors; D004279:DNA, Viral; D007372:Interferons; D007378:Interleukins; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D012191:Retroviridae Proteins; C479751:HBZ protein, human T-cell leukemia virus type I; C000624353:interferon-lambda, human; D000095022:Interferon Lambda
keywords: HBZ; IFN λ3; human T-lymphotropic virus type 1; human T-lymphotropic virus type 1-associated myelopathy/tropical spastic paraparesis; proviral load