title: Exploring the effect and mechanism of Hibiscus sabdariffa on urinary tract infection and experimental renal inflammation.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Hibiscus sabdariffa Linn., also known as roselle, is used in folk medicine as an anti-inflammatory agent. Urinary tract infection (UTI) is a common problem in long-term care facilities. However, effects of roselle on UTI and renal inflammation remained to be analyzed.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  Here we surveyed the effect of roselle drink on the prevention of UTI in long-term care facilities and analyzed the anti-inflammatory potential of roselle on lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced renal inflammation in mice.
  
  
  METHODS
  Survey questionnaires and clinical observation were applied to evaluate the use of roselle and the incidence of UTI in long-term care facilities. Mice were administrated roselle orally for 7 consecutive days and then challenged with LPS. Anti-renal inflammatory effects of roselle were analyzed by microarray and immunohistochemical staining.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Clinical observation showed that taking roselle drink in residents with urinary catheters reduced the incidence of UTI in long-term care facilities. Renal inflammation is a key event of UTI. Roselle suppressed LPS-induced nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) activation in cells and LPS-induced interleukin-1β production in mice a dose-dependent manner. Immunohistochemical staining showed that roselle inhibited LPS-induced NF-κB activation and inflammatory cell infiltration in kidney. Gene expression profiling further showed that roselle suppressed the expression of pro-inflammatory cytokine genes and enzyme genes involved in the production of prostaglandin and nitric oxide. In addition, NF-κB was the main transcription factor involved in the regulation of roselle-regulated gene expression in kidney.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This is the first report applying clinical observation-guided transcriptomic study to explore the application and mechanism of roselle on UTI. Our findings suggested that roselle drink ameliorated LPS-induced renal inflammation via downregulation of cytokine network, pro-inflammatory product production, and NF-κB pathway. Moreover, this report suggested the potential benefit of roselle drink on UTI.
authors: Graduate Institute of Chinese Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung 40402, Taiwan.
authors: Shun-Ting
authors: ST
authors: Chou
authors: Graduate Institute of Chinese Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung 40402, Taiwan.
authors: Hsin-Yi
authors: HY
authors: Lo
authors: Graduate Institute of Chinese Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung 40402, Taiwan.
authors: Chia-Cheng
authors: CC
authors: Li
authors: Graduate Institute of Chinese Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung 40402, Taiwan; Hung Tsung Lin Hospital and Nursing Home of Hong's Hospital, Changhua 52658, Taiwan.
authors: Lu-Chen
authors: LC
authors: Cheng
authors: School of Chinese Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung 40402, Taiwan.
authors: Pei-Chi
authors: PC
authors: Chou
authors: Graduate Institute of Acupuncture Science, China Medical University, Taichung 40402, Taiwan; Division of Chinese Acupuncture, China Medical University Hospital, 40447 Taichung, Taiwan.
authors: Yu-Chen
authors: YC
authors: Lee
authors: Graduate Institute of Chinese Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung 40402, Taiwan; Department of Health and Nutrition Biotechnology, Asia University, Taichung, Taiwan. Electronic address: tyh@mail.cmu.edu.tw.
authors: Tin-Yun
authors: TY
authors: Ho
authors: Department of Microbiology, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan. Electronic address: cyhsiang@mail.cmu.edu.tw.
authors: Chien-Yun
authors: CY
authors: Hsiang
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D031584:Hibiscus / Q000737:chemistry*; D007249:Inflammation / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000473:pathology; D053583:Interleukin-1beta / Q000096:biosynthesis; D007674:Kidney Diseases / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000473:pathology; D008070:Lipopolysaccharides / Q000633:toxicity; D051379:Mice; D008807:Mice, Inbred BALB C; D016328:NF-kappa B / Q000378:metabolism; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D014552:Urinary Tract Infections / Q000188:drug therapy*
chemical_list: D053583:Interleukin-1beta; D008070:Lipopolysaccharides; D016328:NF-kappa B; D010936:Plant Extracts
keywords: Hibiscus sabdariffa; Renal inflammation; Urinary tract infection