title: Benzophenone-3 increases metastasis potential in lung cancer cells via epithelial to mesenchymal transition.
abstract: Exposure to compounds with cancer-potentiating effects can contribute to the progression of cancer. Herein we have discovered for the first time that benzophenone-3 (BP-3), a chemical used as sunscreen in various cosmetic products, enhances the ability of lung cancer cells to undergo metastasis. The exposure of the lung cancer cells to BP-3 at non-toxic concentrations significantly increased the number of anoikis resistant cells in a dose-dependent manner. Also, BP-3 increased the growth rate as well as the number of colonies accessed by anchorage-independent growth assay. We found that the underlying mechanisms of such behaviors were the epithelial to mesenchymal transition (EMT) process of cancer cells, and the increase in caveolin-1 (Cav-1) expression. As both mechanistic events mediated anoikis resistance via augmentation of cellular survival signals, our results further revealed that the BP-3 treatment significantly up-regulated extracellular-signal-regulated kinase (ERK). Also, such compounds increased the cellular levels of anti-apoptotic Bcl-2 and Mcl-1 proteins. As the presence of a substantial level of BP-3 in plasma of the consumers has been reported, this finding may facilitate further investigations that lead to better understanding and evidence concerning the safety of use in cancer patients.
authors: Cell-based Drug and Health Products Development Research Unit, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand.
authors: Preeyaporn Plaimee
authors: PP
authors: Phiboonchaiyanan
authors: Departments of Pharmacology and Physiology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chulalongkorn University, Pathumwan, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand.
authors: Kesarin
authors: K
authors: Busaranon
authors: Cell-based Drug and Health Products Development Research Unit, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand.|Departments of Pharmacology and Physiology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chulalongkorn University, Pathumwan, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand.
authors: Chuanpit
authors: C
authors: Ninsontia
authors: Cell-based Drug and Health Products Development Research Unit, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand. pithi_chan@yahoo.com.|Departments of Pharmacology and Physiology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chulalongkorn University, Pathumwan, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand. pithi_chan@yahoo.com.
authors: Pithi
authors: P
authors: Chanvorachote
mesh_terms: D000072283:A549 Cells; D023102:Anoikis / Q000187:drug effects; D001577:Benzophenones / Q000009:adverse effects*; D051242:Caveolin 1 / Q000378:metabolism; D002460:Cell Line; D045744:Cell Line, Tumor; D002465:Cell Movement / Q000187:drug effects; D049109:Cell Proliferation / Q000187:drug effects; D058750:Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition / Q000187:drug effects*; D048049:Extracellular Signal-Regulated MAP Kinases / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D008168:Lung; D008175:Lung Neoplasms / Q000139:chemically induced* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology*; D064549:Myeloid Cell Leukemia Sequence 1 Protein / Q000378:metabolism; D009362:Neoplasm Metastasis / Q000473:pathology*; D015398:Signal Transduction / Q000187:drug effects; D015854:Up-Regulation / Q000187:drug effects
chemical_list: D001577:Benzophenones; D051242:Caveolin 1; D064549:Myeloid Cell Leukemia Sequence 1 Protein; C005290:oxybenzone; D048049:Extracellular Signal-Regulated MAP Kinases
keywords: Anoikis resistance; Benzophenone-3 (BP-3); Epithelial to mesenchymal transition (EMT); Lung cancer cells; Metastasis