title: Metalloproteinase 2 and 9 Activity Increase in Epicardial Adipose Tissue of Patients with Coronary Artery Disease.
abstract: Epicardial adipose tissue (EAT) is a visceral adipose tissue (AT) surrounding and infiltrating myocardium and coronary arteries. Increased EAT may represent a chronic inflammatory injury and a link with coronary artery disease (CAD). Metalloproteinases (MMPs) are involved in expansion of AT.
  
  
  
  To evaluate MMP-2 and -9 behaviour in EAT from CAD patients.
  
  
  
  In EAT and subcutaneous AT (SAT) from patients undergoing coronary artery bypass graft (CABG, n=26) or valve replacement (No CABG, n=18), MMP-2 and -9 activity and localization, inflammatory cells and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) levels were determined.
  
  
  
  In EAT from CABG, MMP-2 and -9 activity was increased compared with No CABG (p=0.041 and p=0.027, respectively) and compared with SAT (p=0.005 and p=0.048, respectively). In CABG patients EAT showed higher infiltration of macrophages and T lymphocytes than SAT (p=0.01 and p=0.002, respectively). In No CABG patients no sign of cellular retention was observed in EAT or SAT. Vascular density was higher in EAT from CABG than No CABG (p=0.015) and it was directly correlated with MMP-2 (p=0.006) and MMP-9 (p=0.02). VEGF levels in EAT were directly associated with MMP-2 (p=0.016).
  
  
  
  In EAT from CABG patients the increase of MMP-2 and -9 activity and the presence of inflammatory cells would be partially responsible for extracellular matrix (ECM) remodeling and major vascular density necessary for EAT expansion. Improved knowledge of EAT behaviour may allow to identify new therapeutic targets for the treatment of CAD.
authors: Verónica
authors: V
authors: Miksztowicz
authors: Celina
authors: C
authors: Morales
authors: Magalí
authors: M
authors: Barchuk
authors: Graciela
authors: G
authors: López
authors: Ricardo
authors: R
authors: Póveda
authors: Ricardo
authors: R
authors: Gelpi
authors: Laura
authors: L
authors: Schreier
authors: Miguel
authors: M
authors: Rubio
authors: Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica. Departamento de Bioquímica Clínica. Laboratorio de Lípidos y Aterosclerosis, Buenos Aires, Argentina, Junín 956, CABA, Argentina.
authors: Gabriela
authors: G
authors: Berg
mesh_terms: D000273:Adipose Tissue / Q000201:enzymology*; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000032:analysis; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D001026:Coronary Artery Bypass; D003324:Coronary Artery Disease / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000201:enzymology* / Q000601:surgery; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D020778:Matrix Metalloproteinase 2 / Q000032:analysis*; D020780:Matrix Metalloproteinase 9 / Q000032:analysis*; D008875:Middle Aged; D010496:Pericardium; D050151:Subcutaneous Fat / Q000201:enzymology; D015854:Up-Regulation; D042461:Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A / Q000032:analysis
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; C467484:VEGFA protein, human; D042461:Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A; C522361:MMP2 protein, human; D020778:Matrix Metalloproteinase 2; C579270:MMP9 protein, human; D020780:Matrix Metalloproteinase 9
keywords: Epicardial adipose tissue; coronary artery
  bypass graft; coronary artery disease; metalloproteinases; subcutaneous adipose tissue