title: Cytokine Profile in Calcineurin Inhibitor-Induced Chronic Nephrotoxicity in Chinese Liver Transplant Recipients.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Calcineurin inhibitor-associated chronic nephrotoxicity threatens the prognosis of liver transplant recipients. This study aimed to study the mechanisms involved by identifying the cytokine profiles in tacrolimus (Tac)-induced nephrotoxicity.
  
  
  METHODS
  We enrolled 125 living-donor liver transplant recipients. All of the recipients had normal serum cystatin (Cys) C and urine microalbumin before transplantation. They received a Tac-based immunosuppressive regimen (Tac + mycophenolate mofetil + prednisone) thereafter. Patients were grouped according to Cys-C results (measured a mean 3.55 ± 1.89 years after transplantation) as a measure of renal injury: the early renal damage group was Cys-C >1 mg/L, and normal renal function was Cys-C ≤1 mg/L. Serum levels of 10 cytokines and chemokines, as well as urine proteins including α1 microglobulin, microalbumin, transferrin, and immunoglobulin G, were compared between groups.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In the early renal damage group, the concentration of interferon-γ-induced protein (IP) 10 was higher and monocyte chemotactic protein (MCP) 1 was lower compared with the group with normal renal function (P = .027 and .048, respectively). Multivariate logarithmic regression analysis showed that IP-10 and MCP-1 were independently correlated with renal damage.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  High level of IP-10 and low level of MCP-1 may be involved in renal injury and therefore may indicate poor prognosis. IP-10 could be a target for renal injury treatment after liver transplantation. Further studies with larger sample sizes are recommended to validate the study results.
authors: Department of Laboratory Medicine, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, People's Republic of China.
authors: J
authors: J
authors: Tang
authors: Department of Nephrology, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, People's Republic of China.
authors: Y
authors: Y
authors: Shi
authors: Department of Infectious Disease Center, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, People's Republic of China.
authors: R
authors: R
authors: Deng
authors: Department of Laboratory Medicine, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, People's Republic of China.
authors: J
authors: J
authors: Zhang
authors: Department of Laboratory Medicine, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, People's Republic of China.
authors: Y
authors: Y
authors: An
authors: Department of Laboratory Medicine, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, People's Republic of China.
authors: Y
authors: Y
authors: Li
authors: Department of Laboratory Medicine, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, People's Republic of China. Electronic address: wanglanlan999@163.com.
authors: L
authors: L
authors: Wang
mesh_terms: D065095:Calcineurin Inhibitors / Q000009:adverse effects*; D018932:Chemokine CCL2 / Q000378:metabolism; D054357:Chemokine CXCL10 / Q000378:metabolism; D016207:Cytokines / Q000378:metabolism*; D004359:Drug Therapy, Combination; D005260:Female; D006084:Graft Rejection / Q000139:chemically induced; D006801:Humans; D007074:Immunoglobulin G / Q000378:metabolism; D007166:Immunosuppressive Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects*; D007371:Interferon-gamma / Q000378:metabolism; D007668:Kidney / Q000503:physiopathology; D007674:Kidney Diseases / Q000139:chemically induced*; D016031:Liver Transplantation / Q000009:adverse effects*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009173:Mycophenolic Acid / Q000009:adverse effects; D016559:Tacrolimus / Q000009:adverse effects*
chemical_list: C111835:CCL2 protein, human; D065095:Calcineurin Inhibitors; D018932:Chemokine CCL2; D054357:Chemokine CXCL10; D016207:Cytokines; D007074:Immunoglobulin G; D007166:Immunosuppressive Agents; D007371:Interferon-gamma; D009173:Mycophenolic Acid; D016559:Tacrolimus