title: Multi-modal exercise training and protein-pacing enhances physical performance adaptations independent of growth hormone and BDNF but may be dependent on IGF-1 in exercise-trained men.
abstract: Protein-pacing (P; 5-6meals/day @ 2.0g/kgBW/day) and multi-mode exercise (RISE; resistance, interval, stretching, endurance) training (PRISE) improves muscular endurance, strength, power and arterial health in exercise-trained women. The current study extends these findings by examining PRISE on fitness, growth hormone (GH), insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1), and brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) response, cardiometabolic health, and body composition in exercise-trained men.
  
  
  
  Twenty active males (>4daysexercise/week) completed either: PRISE (n=11) or RISE (5-6meals/day @ 1.0g/kgBW/day; n=9) for 12weeks. Muscular strength (1-repetition maximum bench and leg press, 1-RM BP, and 1-RM LP), endurance (sit-ups, SU; push-ups, PU), power (squat jump, SJ, and bench throw, BT), flexibility (sit-and-reach, SR), aerobic performance (5km cycling time-trial, TT), GH, IGF-1, BDNF, augmentation index, (AIx), and body composition, were assessed at weeks 0 (pre) and 13 (post).
  
  
  
  At baseline, no differences existed between groups except for GH (RISE, 230±13 vs. PRISE, 382±59pg/ml, p<0.05). The exercise intervention improved 1-RM, SJ, BT, PU, SU, SR, 5km-TT, GH, AIx, BP, and body composition in both groups (time, p<0.05). However, PRISE elicited greater improvements in 1-RM BP (21 vs. 10∆lbs), SJ (171 vs. 13∆W), 5km-TT (-37 vs. -11∆s), and sit-and-reach (5.3 vs. 1.2∆cm) over RISE alone (p<0.05) including increased IGF-1 (12%, p<0.05).
  
  
  
  Exercise-trained men consuming a P diet combined with multi-component exercise training (PRISE) enhance muscular power, strength, aerobic performance, and flexibility which are not likely related to GH or BDNF but possibly to IGF-1 response.
authors: Human Nutrition and Metabolism Laboratory, Health and Exercise Sciences Department, Skidmore College, Saratoga Springs, NY 12866, United States.
authors: Stephen J
authors: SJ
authors: Ives
authors: Human Nutrition and Metabolism Laboratory, Health and Exercise Sciences Department, Skidmore College, Saratoga Springs, NY 12866, United States.
authors: Chelsea
authors: C
authors: Norton
authors: Human Nutrition and Metabolism Laboratory, Health and Exercise Sciences Department, Skidmore College, Saratoga Springs, NY 12866, United States.
authors: Vincent
authors: V
authors: Miller
authors: Human Nutrition and Metabolism Laboratory, Health and Exercise Sciences Department, Skidmore College, Saratoga Springs, NY 12866, United States.
authors: Olivia
authors: O
authors: Minicucci
authors: Human Nutrition and Metabolism Laboratory, Health and Exercise Sciences Department, Skidmore College, Saratoga Springs, NY 12866, United States.
authors: Jake
authors: J
authors: Robinson
authors: Human Nutrition and Metabolism Laboratory, Health and Exercise Sciences Department, Skidmore College, Saratoga Springs, NY 12866, United States.
authors: Gabe
authors: G
authors: O'Brien
authors: Human Nutrition and Metabolism Laboratory, Health and Exercise Sciences Department, Skidmore College, Saratoga Springs, NY 12866, United States.
authors: Daniela
authors: D
authors: Escudero
authors: Human Nutrition and Metabolism Laboratory, Health and Exercise Sciences Department, Skidmore College, Saratoga Springs, NY 12866, United States.
authors: Maia
authors: M
authors: Paul
authors: Human Nutrition and Metabolism Laboratory, Health and Exercise Sciences Department, Skidmore College, Saratoga Springs, NY 12866, United States.
authors: Caitlin
authors: C
authors: Sheridan
authors: Human Nutrition and Metabolism Laboratory, Health and Exercise Sciences Department, Skidmore College, Saratoga Springs, NY 12866, United States.
authors: Kathryn
authors: K
authors: Curran
authors: Human Nutrition and Metabolism Laboratory, Health and Exercise Sciences Department, Skidmore College, Saratoga Springs, NY 12866, United States.
authors: Kayla
authors: K
authors: Rose
authors: Human Nutrition and Metabolism Laboratory, Health and Exercise Sciences Department, Skidmore College, Saratoga Springs, NY 12866, United States.
authors: Nathaniel
authors: N
authors: Robinson
authors: Human Nutrition and Metabolism Laboratory, Health and Exercise Sciences Department, Skidmore College, Saratoga Springs, NY 12866, United States.
authors: Feng
authors: F
authors: He
authors: Human Nutrition and Metabolism Laboratory, Health and Exercise Sciences Department, Skidmore College, Saratoga Springs, NY 12866, United States. Electronic address: parciero@skidmore.edu.
authors: Paul J
authors: PJ
authors: Arciero
mesh_terms: D000064:Acclimatization; D000328:Adult; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000097:blood*; D001823:Body Composition; D019208:Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor / Q000097:blood*; D004044:Dietary Proteins / Q000378:metabolism*; D019587:Dietary Supplements; D015444:Exercise / Q000502:physiology*; D005260:Female; D019382:Human Growth Hormone / Q000097:blood*; D006801:Humans; D007334:Insulin-Like Growth Factor I / Q000032:analysis*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010807:Physical Endurance; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; D019208:Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor; D004044:Dietary Proteins; C583557:IGF1 protein, human; D019382:Human Growth Hormone; D007334:Insulin-Like Growth Factor I; C579455:BDNF protein, human
keywords: Brain-derived neurotrophic factor; Endurance; Growth hormone; Healthspan; High intensity interval training; Performance; Protein-pacing; Resistance training; Stretching