title: Mild hypothermia protects rat neuronal injury after intracerebral hemorrhage via attenuating endoplasmic reticulum response induced neuron apoptosis.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Mild hypothermia has been proved to reduce global and focal cerebral ischemic injury in rodents by preventing cellular apoptosis through several pathways. However, whether hypothermia will be beneficial for intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) and its underlying mechanisms haven't reached a consensus. It has been implicated that endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress plays a role in the secondary injury after ICH in rats. In this study, we aimed to investigate whether mild hypothermia would attenuate ICH induced neuronal injury via regulating ER stress.
  
  
  METHODS
  The model of ICH was induced by injecting autologous blood (120μl) into the rat striatum. Rats were divided into sham, normothermic (NT) and hypothermic (HT) groups. HT group were subjected to mild hypothermia (33°C-35°C) for 2days starting from 6h after ICH. Neurological deficits were evaluated. The ER stress related proteins (GRP78, CHOP and p-eIF2α) and the apoptosis associated indicators (cleaved caspase3, Bcl-2 and Bim) around hematoma were assessed by western blot, qRT-PCR (quantificational real-time polymerase chain reaction), immunofluorescence and TUNEL (terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated dUTP nick end labelling) assay.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Neurological deficits following ICH were reduced in HT group compared to NT group. Protein levels of GRP78, CHOP and p-eIF2α significantly increased after ICH in both NT and HT group compared to sham group, which was consistent with the trend of cleaved-caspase3 at protein level, and Bim, Bcl-2 at gene level. In comparison to NT group, GRP78, CHOP, p-eIF2α, cleaved caspase-3 and Bim all decreased, while Bcl-2 increased in HT group. Additionally, apoptotic cells detected by TUNEL staining significantly decreased in the HT group.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Mild hypothermia could attenuate ICH caused neuron injury by decreasing ER response-induced neuron apoptosis.
authors: Department of Neurology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, 200032, Shanghai, China.
authors: Cen
authors: C
authors: Guo
authors: Department of Neurology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, 200032, Shanghai, China.
authors: Yang
authors: Y
authors: Geng
authors: Department of Neurology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, 200032, Shanghai, China.
authors: Feifei
authors: F
authors: Song
authors: Department of Neurology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, 200032, Shanghai, China.
authors: Yajing
authors: Y
authors: Huo
authors: Department of Neurology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, 200032, Shanghai, China.
authors: Xuqing
authors: X
authors: Wu
authors: Department of Neurology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, 200032, Shanghai, China.
authors: Jianing
authors: J
authors: Lv
authors: Department of Neurology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, 200032, Shanghai, China.
authors: Anyan
authors: A
authors: Ge
authors: Department of Neurology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, 200032, Shanghai, China. Electronic address: fan.wei@zs-hospital.sh.cn.
authors: Wei
authors: W
authors: Fan
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D017209:Apoptosis; D002543:Cerebral Hemorrhage / Q000473:pathology / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000517:prevention & control*; D059865:Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress; D006406:Hematoma / Q000473:pathology; D007036:Hypothermia, Induced; D008297:Male; D009474:Neurons / Q000473:pathology*; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley
keywords: Apoptosis; ER stress; Hypothermia; Intracerebral hemorrhage