title: Frequently asked questions in hypoxia research.
abstract: "What is the O2concentration in a normoxic cell culture incubator?" This and other frequently asked questions in hypoxia research will be answered in this review. Our intention is to give a simple introduction to the physics of gases that would be helpful for newcomers to the field of hypoxia research. We will provide background knowledge about questions often asked, but without straightforward answers. What is O2concentration, and what is O2partial pressure? What is normoxia, and what is hypoxia? How much O2is experienced by a cell residing in a culture dish in vitro vs in a tissue in vivo? By the way, the O2concentration in a normoxic incubator is 18.6%, rather than 20.9% or 20%, as commonly stated in research publications. And this is strictly only valid for incubators at sea level.
authors: Institute of Physiology and Zurich Center for Human Physiology (ZIHP), University of Zurich; National Center of Competence in Research "Kidney. CH", Zurich, Switzerland.
authors: Roland H
authors: RH
authors: Wenger
authors: Institute of Physiology and Zurich Center for Human Physiology (ZIHP), University of Zurich; National Center of Competence in Research "Kidney. CH", Zurich, Switzerland.
authors: Vartan
authors: V
authors: Kurtcuoglu
authors: Institute of Physiology and Zurich Center for Human Physiology (ZIHP), University of Zurich; National Center of Competence in Research "Kidney. CH", Zurich, Switzerland.
authors: Carsten C
authors: CC
authors: Scholz
authors: Institute of Physiology and Pathophysiology, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg.
authors: Hugo H
authors: HH
authors: Marti
authors: Institute of Physiology and Zurich Center for Human Physiology (ZIHP), University of Zurich; National Center of Competence in Research "Kidney. CH", Zurich, Switzerland; Institute of Physiology, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany.
authors: David
authors: D
authors: Hoogewijs
keywords: Krogh tissue cylinder; gas laws; hypoxia-inducible factor; oxygen diffusion; partial pressure; tissue oxygen levels