title: Income and Social Rank Influence UK Children's Behavioral Problems: A Longitudinal Analysis.
abstract: Children living in low-income households face elevated risks of behavioral problems, but the impact of absolute and relative income to this risk remains unexplored. Using the U.K. Millennium Cohort Study data, longitudinal associations between Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire scores and absolute household income, distance from the regional median and mean income, and regional income rank were examined in 3- to 12-year-olds (n = 16,532). Higher absolute household incomes were associated with lower behavioral problems, while higher income rank was associated with lower behavioral problems only at the highest absolute incomes. Higher absolute household incomes were associated with lower behavioral problems among children in working households, indicating compounding effects of income and socioeconomic advantages. Both absolute and relative incomes therefore appear to influence behavioral problems.
authors: Oxford University.
authors: Elisabeth A
authors: EA
authors: Garratt
authors: University of Manchester.
authors: Tarani
authors: T
authors: Chandola
authors: University of Manchester.
authors: Kingsley
authors: K
authors: Purdam
authors: University of Manchester.|University of Stirling.
authors: Alex M
authors: AM
authors: Wood
mesh_terms: D002648:Child; D002652:Child Behavior; D002675:Child, Preschool; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007182:Income / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D008137:Longitudinal Studies; D008297:Male; D011203:Poverty / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D000066553:Problem Behavior; D012923:Social Class; D006113:United Kingdom