title: Employing quality control and feedback to the EQ-5D-5L valuation protocol to improve the quality of data collection.
abstract: In valuing health states using generic questionnaires such as EQ-5D, there are unrevealed issues with the quality of the data collection. The aims were to describe the problems encountered during valuation and to evaluate a quality control report and subsequent retraining of interviewers in improving this valuation.
  
  
  
  Data from the first 266 respondents in an EQ-5D-5L valuation study were used. Interviewers were trained and answered questions regarding problems during these initial interviews. Thematic analysis was used, and individual feedback was provided. After completion of 98 interviews, a first quantitative quality control (QC) report was generated, followed by a 1-day retraining program. Subsequently individual feedback was also given on the basis of follow-up QCs. The Wilcoxon signed-rank test was used to assess improvements based on 7 indicators of quality as identified in the first QC and the QC conducted after a further 168 interviews.
  
  
  
  Interviewers encountered problems in recruiting respondents. Solutions provided were: optimization of the time of interview, the use of broader networks and the use of different scripts to explain the project's goals to respondents. For problems in interviewing process, solutions applied were: developing the technical and personal skills of the interviewers and stimulating the respondents' thought processes. There were also technical problems related to hardware, software and internet connections. There was an improvement in all 7 indicators of quality after the second QC.
  
  
  
  Training before and during a study, and individual feedback on the basis of a quantitative QC, can increase the validity of values obtained from generic questionnaires.
authors: Department of Psychiatry, Section Medical Psychology and Psychotherapy, Erasmus MC University Medical Center Rotterdam, s-Gravendijkwal 230, 3015 CE, Rotterdam, The Netherlands. f.purba@erasmusmc.nl.|Department of Developmental Psychology, Faculty of Psychology, Padjadjaran University, Jatinangor, Indonesia. f.purba@erasmusmc.nl.
authors: Fredrick Dermawan
authors: FD
authors: Purba
authors: Department of Psychiatry, Section Medical Psychology and Psychotherapy, Erasmus MC University Medical Center Rotterdam, s-Gravendijkwal 230, 3015 CE, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.
authors: Joke A M
authors: JA
authors: Hunfeld
authors: Department of Clinical Psychology, Faculty of Psychology, Padjadjaran University, Jatinangor, Indonesia.
authors: Aulia
authors: A
authors: Iskandarsyah
authors: Center of Applied Psychometrics, Faculty of Psychology, YARSI University, Jakarta, Indonesia.
authors: Titi Sahidah
authors: TS
authors: Fitriana
authors: Department of Clinical Psychology, Faculty of Psychology, Padjadjaran University, Jatinangor, Indonesia.
authors: Sawitri S
authors: SS
authors: Sadarjoen
authors: Department of Clinical Psychology, VU University, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
authors: Jan
authors: J
authors: Passchier
authors: Department of Psychiatry, Section Medical Psychology and Psychotherapy, Erasmus MC University Medical Center Rotterdam, s-Gravendijkwal 230, 3015 CE, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.
authors: Jan J V
authors: JJ
authors: Busschbach
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D003625:Data Collection / Q000379:methods*; D005246:Feedback; D005260:Female; D006304:Health Status; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D011786:Quality Control; D011788:Quality of Life / Q000523:psychology*; D055815:Young Adult
keywords: EQ-5D-5L; Indonesia; Interviewing problem and solution; Quality control; Valuation study