title: Systematic review: treatment pattern and clinical effectiveness and safety of pharmaceutical therapies for Crohn's disease in Europe.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Although many clinical trials have been conducted in treatments of Crohn's disease (CD), whether the trial results were representative of daily practice needs to be supported by studies conducted in real-world settings.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  This study aims to identify how CD is treated and what are the clinical effectiveness and safety of the pharmaceutical therapies of CD in real-world settings.
  
  
  METHODS
  A systematic literature review was conducted based on Medline®, Embase®, and Cochrane. All publications were assessed for title/abstract and full-text according to a predefined study protocol. Data were extracted and reported.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A total of 1,998 publications were identified. Fifty studies including six publications reporting treatment pattern and 44 studies reporting clinical effectiveness and safety of pharmaceutical therapies in CD management in Europe were included. 5-Aminosalicylic acid and corticosteroids were reported to be used among 14%-74% of CD patients. Immunomodulators were used by 14%-25% and 29%-31% of CD patients as an initial and follow-up treatment, respectively. Biological therapies were used by 25%-33% of CD patients. A trend toward an increasing use of immunomodulators and biological therapies in Europe has been reported in recent years. Approximately 50% of patients achieved remission on immunomodulator or biologic treatment, although a relapse rate of up to 23% has been reported.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  There is a trend of treatment shift to immunomodulators and biologics in CD management. Clinical effectiveness of immunomodulators and biologics has been demonstrated, though with a lack of sustainability of the effectiveness.
authors: EMEA Hemar, Janssen, Milan, Italy.
authors: Filippo
authors: F
authors: Lelli
authors: Health Economics, Market Access and Reimbursement, Johnson & Johnson Middle East FZ LLC, Dubai, United Arab Emirates.
authors: Solomon
authors: S
authors: Nuhoho
authors: EMEA Hemar, Janssen, Birkerød, Denmark.
authors: Xin Ying
authors: XY
authors: Lee
authors: Pharmerit International, Rotterdam, the Netherlands.
authors: Weiwei
authors: W
authors: Xu
keywords: biologics; dose-escalation; immunomodulators; inflammatory bowel disease; real world evidence