title: Nanocerium oxide increases the survival of adult rod and cone photoreceptor in culture by abrogating hydrogen peroxide-induced oxidative stress.
abstract: In vitro cell culture system for adult rod and cone photoreceptor (PR) is an effective and economical model for screening drug candidates against all kinds of age related retinal blindness. Interestingly, adult PR cells have a limited survival in the culture system, thus preventing full exploitation of this in vitro approach for drug screening applications. The limited survival of the adult PR cells in culture is due to their inherently high oxidative stress and photic injury. Mixed valence-state ceria nanoparticles have the ability to scavenge free radicals and reduce oxidative stress. Here, ceria nanoparticles of 5-10 nm dimensions have been synthesized, possessing dual oxidation state (+3 and +4) as evident from x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and exhibiting real time reduction of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) as quantified by absorbance spectroscopy and cyclic voltammogram analysis. Using flow cytometry and cell culture assay, it has been shown that, upon one time addition of 10 nM of nanoceria in the PR culture of the 18 months old adult common carp (Cyprinus carpio) at the time of plating the cells, the oxidative stress caused due to hydrogen peroxide assault could be abrogated. A further single application of nanoceria significantly increases the survival of these fragile cells in the culture, thus paving way for developing a more robust photoreceptor culture model to study the aging photoreceptor cells in a defined condition.
authors: Department of Microbial Technology, School of Biological Sciences, Madurai Kamaraj University Madurai, Tamil Nadu 625021, India and Biological Sciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur, Kanpur, Uttar Pradesh 208016, India.
authors: Neelima
authors: N
authors: Bhargava
authors: Department of Microbial Technology, School of Biological Sciences, Madurai Kamaraj University Madurai, Tamil Nadu 625021, India.
authors: Vellasamy
authors: V
authors: Shanmugaiah
authors: Biological Sciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur, Kanpur, Uttar Pradesh 208016, India.
authors: Manav
authors: M
authors: Saxena
authors: Defense Institute of Physiology and Allied Sciences, Defense Research Development Organization, Lucknow Road, Delhi 110056, India.
authors: Manish
authors: M
authors: Sharma
authors: Defense Institute of Physiology and Allied Sciences, Defense Research Development Organization, Lucknow Road, Delhi 110056, India.
authors: Niroj Kumar
authors: NK
authors: Sethy
authors: Solid State Physics Laboratory, Defense Research Development Organization, Lucknow Road, Delhi 110056, India.
authors: Sushil Kumar
authors: SK
authors: Singh
authors: Department of Immunology, School of Biological Sciences, Madurai Kamaraj University, Madurai, Tamil Nadu 625021, India.
authors: Karuppiah
authors: K
authors: Balakrishnan
authors: Defense Institute of Physiology and Allied Sciences, Defense Research Development Organization, Lucknow Road, Delhi 110056, India.
authors: Kalpana
authors: K
authors: Bhargava
authors: Biological Sciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur, Kanpur, Uttar Pradesh 208016, India and Design Program, Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur, Kanpur, Uttar Pradesh 208016, India.
authors: Mainak
authors: M
authors: Das
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002347:Carps; D018929:Cell Culture Techniques; D002470:Cell Survival / Q000187:drug effects; D002563:Cerium / Q000378:metabolism*; D003470:Culture Media / Q000737:chemistry; D005434:Flow Cytometry; D016166:Free Radical Scavengers / Q000378:metabolism*; D006861:Hydrogen Peroxide / Q000633:toxicity; D053758:Nanoparticles / Q000378:metabolism*; D016877:Oxidants / Q000633:toxicity; D018384:Oxidative Stress; D017949:Retinal Cone Photoreceptor Cells / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000502:physiology*; D017948:Retinal Rod Photoreceptor Cells / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000502:physiology*
chemical_list: D003470:Culture Media; D016166:Free Radical Scavengers; D016877:Oxidants; D002563:Cerium; C030583:ceric oxide; D006861:Hydrogen Peroxide