title: Magnetic resonance imaging after anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction: A practical guide.
abstract: Anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstruction is one of the most common orthopedic procedures performed worldwide. In this regard, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) represents a useful pre-operative tool to confirm a disruption of the ACL and to assess for potential associated injuries. However, MRI is also valuable post-operatively, as it is able to identify, in a non-invasive way, a number of aspects and situations that could suggest potential problems to clinicians. Graft signal and integrity, correct tunnel placement, tunnel widening, and problems with fixation devices or the donor site could all compromise the surgical outcomes and potentially predict the failure of the ACL reconstruction. Furthermore, several anatomical features of the knee could be associated to worst outcomes or higher risk of failure. This review provides a practical guide for the clinician to evaluate the post-surgical ACL through MRI, and to analyze all the parameters and features directly or indirectly related to ACL reconstruction, in order to assess for normal or pathologic conditions.
authors: Alberto Grassi, Cecilia Signorelli, Giuseppe Carbone, Andy Tchonang Wakam, Gian Andrea Lucidi, Stefano Zaffagnini, Laboratorio di Biomeccanica ed Innovazione Tecnologica, Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, 40136 Bologna, Italy.
authors: Alberto
authors: A
authors: Grassi
authors: Alberto Grassi, Cecilia Signorelli, Giuseppe Carbone, Andy Tchonang Wakam, Gian Andrea Lucidi, Stefano Zaffagnini, Laboratorio di Biomeccanica ed Innovazione Tecnologica, Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, 40136 Bologna, Italy.
authors: James R
authors: JR
authors: Bailey
authors: Alberto Grassi, Cecilia Signorelli, Giuseppe Carbone, Andy Tchonang Wakam, Gian Andrea Lucidi, Stefano Zaffagnini, Laboratorio di Biomeccanica ed Innovazione Tecnologica, Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, 40136 Bologna, Italy.
authors: Cecilia
authors: C
authors: Signorelli
authors: Alberto Grassi, Cecilia Signorelli, Giuseppe Carbone, Andy Tchonang Wakam, Gian Andrea Lucidi, Stefano Zaffagnini, Laboratorio di Biomeccanica ed Innovazione Tecnologica, Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, 40136 Bologna, Italy.
authors: Giuseppe
authors: G
authors: Carbone
authors: Alberto Grassi, Cecilia Signorelli, Giuseppe Carbone, Andy Tchonang Wakam, Gian Andrea Lucidi, Stefano Zaffagnini, Laboratorio di Biomeccanica ed Innovazione Tecnologica, Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, 40136 Bologna, Italy.
authors: Andy
authors: A
authors: Tchonang Wakam
authors: Alberto Grassi, Cecilia Signorelli, Giuseppe Carbone, Andy Tchonang Wakam, Gian Andrea Lucidi, Stefano Zaffagnini, Laboratorio di Biomeccanica ed Innovazione Tecnologica, Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, 40136 Bologna, Italy.
authors: Gian Andrea
authors: GA
authors: Lucidi
authors: Alberto Grassi, Cecilia Signorelli, Giuseppe Carbone, Andy Tchonang Wakam, Gian Andrea Lucidi, Stefano Zaffagnini, Laboratorio di Biomeccanica ed Innovazione Tecnologica, Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, 40136 Bologna, Italy.
authors: Stefano
authors: S
authors: Zaffagnini
keywords: Anatomic; Anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction; Complications; Failures; Graft; Magnetic resonance imaging; Tunnel