title: Relationship between lifestyle factors and hyperhomocysteinemia in general Chinese population: a cross-sectional study.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Hyperhomocysteinemia (Hhcy) is a known cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk factor. Observational studies had supported the role of lifestyle factors such as physical activity, diet and alcohol consumption in CVD prevention. Our study aimed to determine the relationship between Hhcy and lifestyle factors in general Chinese population.
  
  
  METHODS
  In this cross-sectional study, a total of 7135 adults (3320 men and 3815 women) aged 35 years or older were recruited from the rural Northeast China. Data on lifestyle factors, such as physical activities, sleep duration, current smoking and drinking status, dietary habits and familial factors were collected in interviews and laboratory examinations were performed by well-trained personnel.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Plasma total homocysteine (tHcy) level was higher in men than in women, and greater in the elderly than in other age groups. Subjects with Hhcy were more likely to be current smokers (men: OR 1.328, 95% CI 1.143-1.543, p<0.001; women: OR 1.465, 95% CI 1.214-1.767, p<0.001). Separately, men with Hhcy were more likely to have an education of primary school or below (OR 1.251, 95% CI 1.068-1.465, p=0.006) and less likely to eat more vegetables (OR 0.927, 95% CI 0.863-0.996, p=0.037) than the normal-tHcy participants. In women, participants with Hhcy were more likely to have longer sleeping time (>9h/d) (OR 1.677, 95% CI 1.292-2.177, p<0.001), low physical activity (OR 1.721, 95% CI 1.197-2.475, p=0.044) and increased diet score (OR 1.126, 95% CI 1.007-1.259, p=0.037) and less likely to be current drinkers (OR 0.488, 95% CI 0.297-0.802, p=0.005) than the normal-tHcy participants.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our study revealed that physical activity and current drinking status were not significantly associated with Hhcy in males, but inversely associated in females. In both genders, current smoking status and dietary habits were significantly associated with Hhcy. Our study supports existing recommendations for Chinese to maintain a physically active behaviors and healthy lifestyle habits.
authors: a Department of Cardiology , The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University , Shenyang , P.R. China.
authors: Shuang
authors: S
authors: Chen
authors: a Department of Cardiology , The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University , Shenyang , P.R. China.
authors: Xiaofan
authors: X
authors: Guo
authors: b Department of Thoracic Surgery , The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University , Shenyang , P.R. China.
authors: Siyuan
authors: S
authors: Dong
authors: a Department of Cardiology , The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University , Shenyang , P.R. China.
authors: Zhao
authors: Z
authors: Li
authors: a Department of Cardiology , The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University , Shenyang , P.R. China.
authors: Yingxian
authors: Y
authors: Sun
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000367:Age Factors; D000368:Aged; D000428:Alcohol Drinking / Q000453:epidemiology; D001794:Blood Pressure; D001837:Body Weights and Measures; D002681:China / Q000453:epidemiology; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D004032:Diet; D015444:Exercise; D005260:Female; D015438:Health Behavior; D006801:Humans; D020138:Hyperhomocysteinemia / Q000097:blood / Q000453:epidemiology*; D008019:Life Style; D008055:Lipids / Q000097:blood; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D012307:Risk Factors; D012737:Sex Factors; D012890:Sleep; D012907:Smoking / Q000453:epidemiology; D012959:Socioeconomic Factors
chemical_list: D008055:Lipids
keywords: Plasma homocysteine; epidemiology; hyperhomocysteinemia; lifestyle habits; physical activity