title: Plant polysaccharides used as immunostimulants enhance innate immune response and disease resistance against Aeromonas hydrophila infection in fish.
abstract: Plant polysaccharides (PPS) are an important medicinal plant product, and play a major role in preventing and controlling infectious microbes in aquaculture. The present study investigated the effect of three PPS; Ficus carica polysaccharides (FCPS), Radix isatidis polysaccharides (RIPS), and Schisandra chinensis polysaccharides (SCPS), used as feed additives, on innate immune responses and disease resistance against Aeromonas hydrophila in crucian carp. Results show that crucian carp fed with these PPS showed significant (p < 0.05) enhancement of their innate immune response including leukocyte phagocytosis activity, serum bactericidal activity, lysozyme activity, total protein level, complement C3, and superoxide dismutase activity compared with the control group. Their degree of influence on these immune parameters was in the order of FCPS > RIPS > SCPS, except for lysozyme activity (RIPS > FCPS > SCPS). In addition, fish cumulative mortalities in the three treatment groups were remarkably lower than in the control group (95%) when challenged with A. hydrophila, relative percent survivals were 57.9%, 47.4%, and 42.1% in FCPS, RIPS, and SCPS groups, respectively. These results suggest that FCPS, RIPS, and SCPS used as immunostimulants are capable of enhancing immune responses and disease resistance against A. hydrophila in crucian carp, and that FCPS was the most effective. The findings from this study will help accelerate research of this topic, and promote the application and development of immunostimulants, such as Chinese herbs, in aquaculture.
authors: Department of Basic Veterinary, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, Sichuan, China.
authors: Erlong
authors: E
authors: Wang
authors: Department of Basic Veterinary, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, Sichuan, China; Chengdu Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Science, Chengdu 611130, Sichuan, China.
authors: Xia
authors: X
authors: Chen
authors: Department of Basic Veterinary, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, Sichuan, China; Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, Sichuan, China. Electronic address: kywang1955@126.com.
authors: Kaiyu
authors: K
authors: Wang
authors: Department of Basic Veterinary, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, Sichuan, China.
authors: Jun
authors: J
authors: Wang
authors: Department of Aquaculture, College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, Sichuan, China.
authors: Defang
authors: D
authors: Chen
authors: Department of Basic Veterinary, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, Sichuan, China; Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, Sichuan, China.
authors: Yi
authors: Y
authors: Geng
authors: Department of Basic Veterinary, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, Sichuan, China.
authors: Weimin
authors: W
authors: Lai
authors: Sichuan Aquatic School, Chengdu 611700, Sichuan, China.
authors: Xianchao
authors: X
authors: Wei
mesh_terms: D000276:Adjuvants, Immunologic / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology*; D016980:Aeromonas hydrophila / Q000502:physiology; D000821:Animal Feed / Q000032:analysis; D000818:Animals; D002347:Carps; D004032:Diet / Q000662:veterinary; D060467:Disease Resistance / Q000187:drug effects; D004365:Drugs, Chinese Herbal / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology; D030681:Ficus / Q000737:chemistry; D005393:Fish Diseases / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000276:immunology* / Q000382:microbiology; D005503:Food Additives; D016905:Gram-Negative Bacterial Infections / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000276:immunology / Q000382:microbiology / Q000662:veterinary*; D007113:Immunity, Innate / Q000187:drug effects*; D011134:Polysaccharides / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology*; D011897:Random Allocation; D032141:Schisandra / Q000737:chemistry
chemical_list: D000276:Adjuvants, Immunologic; D004365:Drugs, Chinese Herbal; D005503:Food Additives; D011134:Polysaccharides; C540579:banlangen
keywords: Disease resistance; Ficus carica; Innate immune response; Plant polysaccharides; Radix isatidis; Schisandra chinensis