title: Voice Habits and Behaviors: Voice Care Among Flamenco Singers.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The purpose of this study is to analyze the vocal behavior of flamenco singers, as compared with classical music singers, to establish a differential vocal profile of voice habits and behaviors in flamenco music.
  
  
  METHODS
  Bibliographic review was conducted, and the Singer's Vocal Habits Questionnaire, an experimental tool designed by the authors to gather data regarding hygiene behavior, drinking and smoking habits, type of practice, voice care, and symptomatology perceived in both the singing and the speaking voice, was administered. We interviewed 94 singers, divided into two groups: the flamenco experimental group (FEG, n = 48) and the classical control group (CCG, n = 46). Frequency analysis, a Likert scale, and discriminant and exploratory factor analysis were used to obtain a differential profile for each group.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The FEG scored higher than the CCG in speaking voice symptomatology. The FEG scored significantly higher than the CCG in use of "inadequate vocal technique" when singing. Regarding voice habits, the FEG scored higher in "lack of practice and warm-up" and "environmental habits." A total of 92.6% of the subjects classified themselves correctly in each group.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The Singer's Vocal Habits Questionnaire has proven effective in differentiating flamenco and classical singers. Flamenco singers are exposed to numerous vocal risk factors that make them more prone to vocal fatigue, mucosa dehydration, phonotrauma, and muscle stiffness than classical singers. Further research is needed in voice training in flamenco music, as a means to strengthen the voice and enable it to meet the requirements of this musical genre.
authors: Facultad de Psicología, Departamento de Personalidad, Evaluación y Tratamiento psicológico de la Universidad de Granada, Campus universitario de Cartuja s/n, 18071, Granada, Spain. Electronic address: vozmgg@gmail.com.
authors: Marina
authors: M
authors: Garzón García
authors: Facultad de Psicología, Departamento de Personalidad, Evaluación y Tratamiento psicológico de la Universidad de Granada, Campus universitario de Cartuja s/n, 18071, Granada, Spain.
authors: Juana
authors: J
authors: Muñoz López
authors: Facultad de Psicología, Departamento de Personalidad, Evaluación y Tratamiento psicológico de la Universidad de Granada, Campus universitario de Cartuja s/n, 18071, Granada, Spain.
authors: Elvira
authors: E
authors: Y Mendoza Lara
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D016002:Discriminant Analysis; D005163:Factor Analysis, Statistical; D005260:Female; D006184:Habits; D015438:Health Behavior; D007722:Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice; D006304:Health Status; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009146:Music; D009784:Occupational Diseases / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000209:etiology / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000517:prevention & control*; D016272:Occupational Health; D009790:Occupations; D012307:Risk Factors; D012648:Self Care; D063346:Singing; D013030:Spain; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D013997:Time Factors; D014705:Verbal Behavior; D014832:Voice Disorders / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000209:etiology / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000517:prevention & control*; D014833:Voice Quality; D055815:Young Adult
keywords: Abusive behaviors; Flamenco singer; Risk factors; Vocal fatigue; Voice