title: Penetration of mucoadhesive chitosan-dextran sulfate nanoparticles into the porcine cornea.
abstract: Topical application of drugs to the eyes suffers from poor bioavailability at the ocular surface and in the anterior chamber. This is due to rapid clearance of the drug because of tear secretion and outflow. This study has investigated mucoadhesive and penetration characteristics of chitosan-dextran sulfate nanoparticles (CDNs), prepared by polyelectrolyte complexation technique, following topical administration to the ocular surface. Topical FITC-labeled CDNs (FCDNs; mean size of 400nm and a surface charge of +48mV) were retained on the porcine ocular surface for more than 4h. Topical FCDNs were partially endocytosed into porcine corneal epithelial cells via a clathrin-dependent pathway. After 6h of topical FCDNs, particles accumulated in the corneal epithelium but not found in the corneal stroma. When epithelium was removed, FCDNs penetrated the stroma. Thus, CDNs are potentially useful for drug/gene delivery to the ocular surface and to stroma when epithelium is damaged.
authors: Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Naresuan University, Phitsanulok, Thailand.
authors: Wanachat
authors: W
authors: Chaiyasan
authors: Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Naresuan University, Phitsanulok, Thailand.
authors: Sakonwun
authors: S
authors: Praputbut
authors: Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Colorado, Denver, Aurora, CO, United States.
authors: Uday B
authors: UB
authors: Kompella
authors: School of Optometry, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN, United States.
authors: Sangly P
authors: SP
authors: Srinivas
authors: Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Naresuan University, Phitsanulok, Thailand; The Center of Excellence for Innovation in Chemistry (PERCH-CIC), Commission on High Education, Ministry of Education, Thailand,; The Center of Excellence in Medical Biotechnology, Naresuan University, Phitsanulok, Thailand. Electronic address: wareet@nu.ac.th.
authors: Waree
authors: W
authors: Tiyaboonchai
mesh_terms: D000287:Administration, Topical; D000818:Animals; D001682:Biological Availability; D048271:Chitosan / Q000737:chemistry*; D003319:Corneal Stroma / Q000166:cytology / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism; D016264:Dextran Sulfate / Q000737:chemistry*; D003911:Dextrans / Q000737:chemistry; D004337:Drug Carriers / Q000737:chemistry / Q000493:pharmacokinetics*; D004705:Endocytosis; D004847:Epithelial Cells / Q000166:cytology / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism; D019573:Epithelium, Corneal / Q000166:cytology / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism; D016650:Fluorescein-5-isothiocyanate / Q000031:analogs & derivatives / Q000737:chemistry; D005456:Fluorescent Dyes / Q000737:chemistry; D053758:Nanoparticles / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000737:chemistry*; D061251:Primary Cell Culture; D013194:Staining and Labeling / Q000379:methods; D013552:Swine
chemical_list: D003911:Dextrans; D004337:Drug Carriers; D005456:Fluorescent Dyes; C015219:fluorescein isothiocyanate dextran; D048271:Chitosan; D016264:Dextran Sulfate; D016650:Fluorescein-5-isothiocyanate
keywords: Chitosan; Cornea; Dextran sulfate; Microfluorometer; Nanoparticles