title: Challenges in the Diagnosis of Urothelial Carcinoma Variants: Can Emerging Molecular Data Complement Pathology Review?
abstract: Urothelial carcinoma can exhibit a wide variety of histopathologic phenotypes or variant morphologies, classifications of which have recently been revised in the 2016 World Health Organization Classification of Tumours of the Urinary System and Male Genital Organs. Many of these variants not only present diagnostic challenges, but also have clinical implications that affect patient prognosis and treatment strategies. This review will discuss these variant morphologies and their relationship to current understanding of the underlying biology of urothelial carcinoma and molecular classification paradigms.
authors: Department of Pathology, University of California San Diego, San Diego, CA.
authors: James P
authors: JP
authors: Solomon
authors: Department of Pathology, University of California San Diego, San Diego, CA.
authors: Brett M
authors: BM
authors: Lowenthal
authors: Department of Urology, University of California San Diego, San Diego, CA.
authors: A Karim
authors: AK
authors: Kader
authors: Department of Urology, University of California San Diego, San Diego, CA.
authors: J Kellogg
authors: JK
authors: Parsons
authors: Division of Medical Oncology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO.
authors: Thomas W
authors: TW
authors: Flaig
authors: Department of Genitourinary Medical Oncology, U.T. M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX.
authors: Arlene O
authors: AO
authors: Siefker-Radtke
authors: Department of Molecular Medicine, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark.
authors: Lars
authors: L
authors: Dyrskjøt
authors: Department of Pathology, University of California San Diego, San Diego, CA; Department of Urology, University of California San Diego, San Diego, CA. Electronic address: hansellab@ucsd.edu.
authors: Donna E
authors: DE
authors: Hansel
mesh_terms: D002295:Carcinoma, Transitional Cell / Q000145:classification / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000473:pathology; D006801:Humans; D025202:Molecular Diagnostic Techniques; D014571:Urologic Neoplasms / Q000145:classification / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000473:pathology