title: Additional Contribution of the Malnutrition-Inflammation Score to Predict Mortality and Patient-Reported Outcomes as Compared With Its Components in a Cohort of African Descent Hemodialysis Patients.
abstract: The malnutrition-inflammation score (MIS) combines ten components to assess nutritional status. Higher MIS has been associated with higher mortality and poorer health-related quality of life (HRQOL) in maintenance hemodialysis (MHD) patients. It is interesting to investigate associations of each component with mortality and patient-reported outcomes (PROs), that is, HRQOL and depression symptoms, and if MIS associations are generalizable for diverse populations. This study assessed associations of MIS and its components with mortality and PROs in an African descent MHD population.
  
  
  
  Prospective cohort for mortality and cross-sectional design for PROs using data of the Prospective Study of the Prognosis of Chronic Hemodialysis Patients (PROHEMO).
  
  
  
  A total of 632 MHD patients (92% black or mixed race) treated in Salvador, Brazil.
  
  
  
  MIS (range: 0-30, higher worse) and each of its ten components (range: 0-4, higher worse).
  
  
  
  Mortality, HRQOL using the KDQOL-SF, and depression symptoms using the 20-item Center for Epidemiological Studies Depression Scale.
  
  
  
  Linear regression for comparing scores and Cox regression for mortality.
  
  
  
  After extensive adjustments, MIS ≥6 was associated with 52% higher mortality (hazard ratio = 1.52; 95% confidence interval = 1.13-2.05), higher depression symptoms, and poorer HRQOL, including physical, mental, and kidney disease-targeted HRQOL measures. Weight change, comorbidity, muscle wasting, and albumin were the MIS components indicating associations between poor nutrition and higher mortality. By contrast, gastrointestinal symptoms and functional capacity were the MIS components denoting detrimental associations of poorer nutritional status with PROs.
  
  
  
  Causal conclusions are not possible.
  
  
  
  The PROHEMO results indicate that MIS components associated with mortality are not the same associated with PROs. However, the MIS showed consistent associations with mortality and PROs. These results in a population that were not the target of previous investigations, add support for using tools combining nutritional components, such as MIS, to predict outcomes in MHD populations.
authors: Unit of Clinical Epidemiology and Evidence Based Medicine, Professor Edgard Santos University Hospital, Federal University of Bahia, Salvador, BA, Brazil.
authors: Marcelo Barreto
authors: MB
authors: Lopes
authors: Department of Life Sciences, State University of Bahia, Salvador, BA, Brazil.
authors: Luciana Ferreira
authors: LF
authors: Silva
authors: Unit of Clinical Epidemiology and Evidence Based Medicine, Professor Edgard Santos University Hospital, Federal University of Bahia, Salvador, BA, Brazil.
authors: Gildete Barreto
authors: GB
authors: Lopes
authors: Medical Directory of the NEPHRON Clinic, Salvador, BA, Brazil.
authors: Maria Auxiliadora
authors: MA
authors: Penalva
authors: Medical Directory of the Institute of Nephrology and Dialysis (INED), Salvador, BA, Brazil.
authors: Cacia Mendes
authors: CM
authors: Matos
authors: Arbor Research Collaborative for Health, Ann Arbor, Michigan; The Division of Nephrology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan.
authors: Bruce M
authors: BM
authors: Robinson
authors: Unit of Clinical Epidemiology and Evidence Based Medicine, Professor Edgard Santos University Hospital, Federal University of Bahia, Salvador, BA, Brazil; Department of Internal Medicine, Federal University of Bahia, Salvador, BA, Brazil. Electronic address: aaslopes@ufba.br.
authors: Antonio Alberto
authors: AA
authors: Lopes
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D044383:Black People; D001938:Brazil / Q000453:epidemiology; D015897:Comorbidity; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D003863:Depression / Q000175:diagnosis; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D007249:Inflammation / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000208:ethnology*; D008297:Male; D044342:Malnutrition / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000208:ethnology*; D008875:Middle Aged; D009752:Nutritional Status; D000071066:Patient Reported Outcome Measures; D011379:Prognosis; D011446:Prospective Studies; D011788:Quality of Life; D006435:Renal Dialysis / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000401:mortality*; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D012307:Risk Factors