title: Association of umbilical hernia with volume of ascites in liver cirrhosis: a retrospective observational study.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Umbilical hernia is a common abdominal complication in cirrhotic patients with ascites. Our study aimed to evaluate the correlation of umbilical hernia with the volume of ascites.
  
  
  METHODS
  Cirrhotic patients that underwent axial abdominopelvic computed tomography (CT) scans at our hospital between June 2012 and June 2014 were eligible. All CT images were reviewed to confirm the presence of umbilical hernia. The volume of ascites was estimated by five-point method.
  
  
  RESULTS
  One hundred and fifty-seven patients were enrolled into this study. Among them, 101 patients had ascites and 6 patients had umbilical hernia. Alkaline phosphatase (AKP) and serum sodium were significantly lower in patients with umbilical hernia (P = 0.008, P = 0.011, respectively). Child-Pugh scores and the volume of ascites were significantly higher in patients with umbilical hernia (P = 0.03, P < 0.0001, respectively). Correlation analysis demonstrated that the volume of ascites, Child-Pugh scores, and blood ammonia had positive correlations with umbilical hernia (r = 0.4579, P < 0.0001; r = 0.175, P = 0.03; r = 0.342, P = 0.001, respectively) and that serum sodium had a negative correlation with umbilical hernia (r = -0.203, P = 0.011). In patients with ascites ≥2000 mL, only AKP was significantly associated with umbilical hernia (P = 0.0497). No variables were significantly associated with umbilical hernia in a subgroup analysis of patients matched according to the volume of ascites.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The volume of ascites has a positive correlation with umbilical hernia. However, the factors associated with umbilical hernia in patients with severe ascites remain unclear.
authors: Department of Gastroenterology, General Hospital of Shenyang Military Area, Shenyang, China.|Postgraduate College, Liaoning University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shenyang, China.
authors: Ran
authors: R
authors: Wang
authors: Department of Gastroenterology, General Hospital of Shenyang Military Area, Shenyang, China.
authors: Xingshun
authors: X
authors: Qi
authors: Department of Gastroenterology, General Hospital of Shenyang Military Area, Shenyang, China.|Postgraduate College, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China.
authors: Ying
authors: Y
authors: Peng
authors: Department of Gastroenterology, General Hospital of Shenyang Military Area, Shenyang, China.|Postgraduate College, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China.
authors: Han
authors: H
authors: Deng
authors: Department of Gastroenterology, General Hospital of Shenyang Military Area, Shenyang, China.|Postgraduate College, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China.
authors: Jing
authors: J
authors: Li
authors: Department of Gastroenterology, General Hospital of Shenyang Military Area, Shenyang, China.|Postgraduate College, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China.
authors: Zheng
authors: Z
authors: Ning
authors: Department of Gastroenterology, General Hospital of Shenyang Military Area, Shenyang, China.|Postgraduate College, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China.
authors: Junna
authors: J
authors: Dai
authors: Department of Gastroenterology, General Hospital of Shenyang Military Area, Shenyang, China.|Postgraduate College, Liaoning University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shenyang, China.
authors: Feifei
authors: F
authors: Hou
authors: Department of Gastroenterology, General Hospital of Shenyang Military Area, Shenyang, China.|Postgraduate College, Liaoning University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shenyang, China.
authors: Jiancheng
authors: J
authors: Zhao
authors: Department of Gastroenterology, General Hospital of Shenyang Military Area, Shenyang, China.|Postgraduate College, Liaoning University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shenyang, China.|Postgraduate College, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China.
authors: Xiaozhong
authors: X
authors: Guo
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000469:Alkaline Phosphatase / Q000097:blood; D000641:Ammonia / Q000097:blood; D001201:Ascites / Q000150:complications*; D005260:Female; D006554:Hernia, Umbilical / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000209:etiology*; D006801:Humans; D008103:Liver Cirrhosis / Q000150:complications; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012964:Sodium / Q000097:blood; D014057:Tomography, X-Ray Computed
chemical_list: D000641:Ammonia; D012964:Sodium; D000469:Alkaline Phosphatase
keywords: Ascites; computed tomography; five-point method; liver cirrhosis; umbilical hernia