title: Role of phyto-stabilised silver nanoparticles in suppressing adjuvant induced arthritis in rats.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The present study was aimed to evaluate the anti-arthritic effects of silver nanoparticles synthesised using Piper nigrum extract and to further establish its mechanism of action in a rat model of adjuvant induced arthritis (AA).
  
  
  METHODS
  Adjuvant arthritis was induced by injecting complete Freund's adjuvant (0.1mL) into the left hind paw of 36 albino Wistar rats (n=6). Silver nanoparticles stabilised with Piper nigrum extract (25 and 50mg/kg). Commercial silver nanoparticles (50mg/kg) and methotrexate (0.1mg/kg) were administered by intraperitoneal route from day 11 to day 22 on alternate days.
  
  
  RESULTS
  It was found that treatment with silver nanoparticles stabilised with Piper nigrum (S-AgNPs) significantly reduced the paw edema and alleviated the histopathological changes of cell infiltration, synovial hyperplasia, bone and cartilage destruction. Furthermore, the phytostabilised silver nanoparticles (S-AgNPs) inhibited the protein expression of NF-kβ p65 and TNF-α as evidenced by immunohistochemistry analysis.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our current findings suggest that silver nanoparticles stabilised with Piper nigrum extract (S-AgNPs) have potent anti-arthritic activity which is mediated by inhibition of TNF-α and suppression of pro-inflammatory cytokines that are secreted in response to activated transcription factors of NF-kβ.
authors: Department of Pharmacology, Sri Ramachandra Medical College and Research Institute, Porur, Chennai, India. Electronic address: draparnacmc@gmail.com.
authors: Aparna
authors: A
authors: Mani
authors: Department of Pharmacology, Sri Ramachandra Medical College and Research Institute, Porur, Chennai, India.
authors: C
authors: C
authors: Vasanthi
authors: Department of Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, Mother Theresa Post Graduate & Research Institute of Health Sciences, Puducherry, India.
authors: V
authors: V
authors: Gopal
authors: Department of Pharmacology, Sri Ramachandra Medical College and Research Institute, Porur, Chennai, India.
authors: Darling
authors: D
authors: Chellathai
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000893:Anti-Inflammatory Agents / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D001169:Arthritis, Experimental / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D004355:Drug Stability; D004487:Edema / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D033023:Foot Joints / Q000187:drug effects / Q000473:pathology; D005620:Freund's Adjuvant; D005638:Fruit; D008198:Lymph Nodes / Q000378:metabolism; D008297:Male; D053768:Metal Nanoparticles / Q000737:chemistry / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D008517:Phytotherapy; D031701:Piper; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000737:chemistry / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D012834:Silver / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D051996:Transcription Factor RelA / Q000378:metabolism; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D000893:Anti-Inflammatory Agents; D010936:Plant Extracts; D051996:Transcription Factor RelA; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha; D012834:Silver; D005620:Freund's Adjuvant
keywords: Adjuvant arthritis; NF-kβ; Piper nigrum; Silver nanoparticles; TNF-α