title: Evaluation of quantitative glare technique based on the analysis of bio-signals.
abstract: This laboratory study evaluated the effect of glare source (halogen, HID and LED) and its illumination levels (0.7, 2 and 5 lx) using a quantitative methodology. Pupil diameter and electroencephalography were measured using FaceLab and Biopac systems, respectively. The discomfort glare was assessed subjectively with Borg's CR-10 scale. Twenty healthy subjects participated. Pupil size was significantly affected by the headlamp type and illumination condition. Pupil size was smaller when exposed to the LED headlamp than other headlamps (Halogen > HID > LED). In addition, when the illumination increased, pupil size decreased (0.7 lx > 2 lx > 5 lx). Also, driver's discomfort increased when pupil size was small, and theta waves were high. This discomfort may cause reduced attention and safety of the driver. These results can be applied to design and development of headlamps. Further investigation is necessary with adopted methodology to evaluate other headlamps in different illumination conditions. Practitioner Summary: This study evaluated pupil size and electroencephalography under different glare source (halogen, HID and LED) and illumination levels (0.7, 2 and 5 lx). Driver's discomfort increased when pupil size was small, and theta waves were high. This discomfort may cause reduced attention and safety of the driver.
authors: a Industrial and Management Engineering , Hanyang University , Seoul , South Korea.
authors: Ho-Sang
authors: HS
authors: Lee
authors: a Industrial and Management Engineering , Hanyang University , Seoul , South Korea.
authors: Jung-Yong
authors: JY
authors: Kim
authors: b Center for Medical Metrology, Division of Convergence Technology , Korea Research Institute of Standards and Science , Daejeon , South Korea.|c School of Mechanical Engineering , Chungnam National University , Daejeon , South Korea.
authors: Murali
authors: M
authors: Subramaniyam
authors: c School of Mechanical Engineering , Chungnam National University , Daejeon , South Korea.
authors: Sangho
authors: S
authors: Park
authors: d Department of Fire Safety Management , Shinsung University , Dangjin-si , South Korea.
authors: Seung-Nam
authors: SN
authors: Min
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001334:Automobile Driving; D001336:Automobiles; D004569:Electroencephalography; D019466:Glare; D006801:Humans; D008027:Light; D008029:Lighting; D008297:Male; D011680:Pupil / Q000502:physiology*; D012025:Reflex, Pupillary
keywords: Discomfort glare; headlamp type; illumination; psychological; pupil size