title: Biological evaluation of ultrananocrystalline and nanocrystalline diamond coatings.
abstract: Nanostructured biomaterials have been investigated for achieving desirable tissue-material interactions in medical implants. Ultrananocrystalline diamond (UNCD) and nanocrystalline diamond (NCD) coatings are the two most studied classes of synthetic diamond coatings; these materials are grown using chemical vapor deposition and are classified based on their nanostructure, grain size, and sp3content. UNCD and NCD are mechanically robust, chemically inert, biocompatible, and wear resistant, making them ideal implant coatings. UNCD and NCD have been recently investigated for ophthalmic, cardiovascular, dental, and orthopaedic device applications. The aim of this study was (a) to evaluate the in vitro biocompatibility of UNCD and NCD coatings and (b) to determine if variations in surface topography and sp3content affect cellular response. Diamond coatings with various nanoscale topographies (grain sizes 5-400 nm) were deposited on silicon substrates using microwave plasma chemical vapor deposition. Scanning electron microscopy and atomic force microscopy revealed uniform coatings with different scales of surface topography; Raman spectroscopy confirmed the presence of carbon bonding typical of diamond coatings. Cell viability, proliferation, and morphology responses of human bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (hBMSCs) to UNCD and NCD surfaces were evaluated. The hBMSCs on UNCD and NCD coatings exhibited similar cell viability, proliferation, and morphology as those on the control material, tissue culture polystyrene. No significant differences in cellular response were observed on UNCD and NCD coatings with different nanoscale topographies. Our data shows that both UNCD and NCD coatings demonstrate in vitro biocompatibility irrespective of surface topography.
authors: Joint Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of North Carolina and North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, USA.|Center for Devices and Radiological Health, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, MD, USA.
authors: Shelby A
authors: SA
authors: Skoog
authors: Center for Devices and Radiological Health, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, MD, USA.
authors: Girish
authors: G
authors: Kumar
authors: Center for Devices and Radiological Health, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, MD, USA.
authors: Jiwen
authors: J
authors: Zheng
authors: Center for Nanoscale Materials, Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, IL, USA.
authors: Anirudha V
authors: AV
authors: Sumant
authors: Center for Devices and Radiological Health, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, MD, USA.
authors: Peter L
authors: PL
authors: Goering
authors: Joint Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of North Carolina and North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, USA. roger_narayan@unc.edu.
authors: Roger J
authors: RJ
authors: Narayan
mesh_terms: D001854:Bone Marrow Cells / Q000166:cytology; D049109:Cell Proliferation; D002470:Cell Survival; D020099:Coated Materials, Biocompatible / Q000737:chemistry; D018130:Diamond / Q000737:chemistry*; D006801:Humans; D059630:Mesenchymal Stem Cells / Q000166:cytology; D018625:Microscopy, Atomic Force; D008855:Microscopy, Electron, Scanning; D008856:Microscopy, Fluorescence; D008872:Microwaves; D053758:Nanoparticles / Q000737:chemistry*; D049329:Nanostructures / Q000737:chemistry*; D011137:Polystyrenes / Q000737:chemistry; D012825:Silicon / Q000737:chemistry; D013059:Spectrum Analysis, Raman; D013499:Surface Properties
chemical_list: D020099:Coated Materials, Biocompatible; D011137:Polystyrenes; D018130:Diamond; D012825:Silicon