title: Instrumented cardiac microphysiological devices via multimaterial three-dimensional printing.
abstract: Biomedical research has relied on animal studies and conventional cell cultures for decades. Recently, microphysiological systems (MPS), also known as organs-on-chips, that recapitulate the structure and function of native tissues in vitro, have emerged as a promising alternative. However, current MPS typically lack integrated sensors and their fabrication requires multi-step lithographic processes. Here, we introduce a facile route for fabricating a new class of instrumented cardiac microphysiological devices via multimaterial three-dimensional (3D) printing. Specifically, we designed six functional inks, based on piezo-resistive, high-conductance, and biocompatible soft materials that enable integration of soft strain gauge sensors within micro-architectures that guide the self-assembly of physio-mimetic laminar cardiac tissues. We validated that these embedded sensors provide non-invasive, electronic readouts of tissue contractile stresses inside cell incubator environments. We further applied these devices to study drug responses, as well as the contractile development of human stem cell-derived laminar cardiac tissues over four weeks.
authors: Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering, Harvard University, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA.|John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA.
authors: Johan U
authors: JU
authors: Lind
authors: Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering, Harvard University, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA.|John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA.
authors: Travis A
authors: TA
authors: Busbee
authors: Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering, Harvard University, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA.|John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA.
authors: Alexander D
authors: AD
authors: Valentine
authors: Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering, Harvard University, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA.|John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA.
authors: Francesco S
authors: FS
authors: Pasqualini
authors: Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering, Harvard University, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA.|John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA.
authors: Hongyan
authors: 0000-0001-8225-0211
authors: H
authors: Yuan
authors: Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering, Harvard University, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA.|John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA.
authors: Moran
authors: M
authors: Yadid
authors: Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering, Harvard University, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA.|John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA.
authors: Sung-Jin
authors: SJ
authors: Park
authors: Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering, Harvard University, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA.|John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA.
authors: Arda
authors: A
authors: Kotikian
authors: Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering, Harvard University, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA.|John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA.
authors: Alexander P
authors: AP
authors: Nesmith
authors: Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering, Harvard University, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA.|John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA.
authors: Patrick H
authors: PH
authors: Campbell
authors: John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA.
authors: Joost J
authors: JJ
authors: Vlassak
authors: Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering, Harvard University, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA.|John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA.
authors: Jennifer A
authors: JA
authors: Lewis
authors: Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering, Harvard University, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA.|John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA.
authors: Kevin K
authors: KK
authors: Parker
mesh_terms: D009206:Myocardium / Q000166:cytology*; D066330:Printing, Three-Dimensional / Q000295:instrumentation*; D046888:Tissue Array Analysis / Q000295:instrumentation*