title: Glucose level decline precedes dementia in elderly African Americans with diabetes.
abstract: High blood glucose levels may be responsible for the increased risk for dementia in diabetic patients.
  
  
  
  A secondary data analysis merging electronic medical records (EMRs) with data collected from the Indianapolis-Ibadan Dementia project (IIDP). Of the enrolled 4105 African Americans, 3778 were identified in the EMR. Study endpoints were dementia, mild cognitive impairment (MCI), or normal cognition. Repeated serum glucose measurements were used as the outcome variables.
  
  
  
  Diabetic participants who developed incident dementia had a significant decrease in serum glucose levels in the years preceding the diagnosis compared to the participants with normal cognition (P = .0002). They also had significantly higher glucose levels up to 9 years before the dementia diagnosis (P = .0367).
  
  
  
  High glucose levels followed by a decline occurring years before diagnosis in African American participants with diabetes may represent a powerful presymptomatic metabolic indicator of dementia.
authors: Indiana University Center for Aging Research, Indianapolis, IN, USA; Regenstrief Institute, Inc., Indianapolis, IN, USA; Department of Psychiatry, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA. Electronic address: hhendri@iupui.edu.
authors: Hugh C
authors: HC
authors: Hendrie
authors: Department of Biostatistics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA.
authors: Mengjie
authors: M
authors: Zheng
authors: School of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences, IUPUI, Indianapolis, IN, USA.
authors: Wei
authors: W
authors: Li
authors: Department of Biostatistics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA.
authors: Kathleen
authors: K
authors: Lane
authors: Regenstrief Institute, Inc., Indianapolis, IN, USA.
authors: Roberta
authors: R
authors: Ambuehl
authors: Indiana University Center for Aging Research, Indianapolis, IN, USA.
authors: Christianna
authors: C
authors: Purnell
authors: Department of Psychiatry, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA.
authors: Frederick W
authors: FW
authors: Unverzagt
authors: Indiana University Center for Aging Research, Indianapolis, IN, USA; Regenstrief Institute, Inc., Indianapolis, IN, USA; Department of Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA.
authors: Alexia
authors: A
authors: Torke
authors: Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA.
authors: Ashok
authors: A
authors: Balasubramanyam
authors: Indiana University Center for Aging Research, Indianapolis, IN, USA; Regenstrief Institute, Inc., Indianapolis, IN, USA; Department of Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA.
authors: Chris M
authors: CM
authors: Callahan
authors: Department of Biostatistics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA.
authors: Sujuan
authors: S
authors: Gao
mesh_terms: D001741:Black or African American; D000368:Aged; D001057:Apolipoproteins E / Q000235:genetics; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000097:blood; D001786:Blood Glucose; D060825:Cognitive Dysfunction / Q000097:blood / Q000150:complications / Q000208:ethnology; D003704:Dementia / Q000097:blood* / Q000150:complications / Q000208:ethnology*; D048909:Diabetes Complications / Q000097:blood* / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000208:ethnology* / Q000523:psychology; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D007004:Hypoglycemic Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use; D008297:Male; D012307:Risk Factors
chemical_list: D001057:Apolipoproteins E; D015415:Biomarkers; D001786:Blood Glucose; D007004:Hypoglycemic Agents
keywords: African Americans; Alzheimer disease; Dementia; Diabetes; Early detection; Electronic medical records; Glucose levels; Longitudinal risk factors