title: Clinical metagenomic analysis of bacterial communities in breast abscesses of granulomatous mastitis.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Granulomatous mastitis (GM) is a chronic inflammatory breast lesion. Its etiology remains incompletely defined. Although mounting evidence suggests the involvement of Corynebacterium in GM, there has been no systematic study of GM bacteriology using -omics technology.
  
  
  METHODS
  The bacterial diversity and relative abundances in breast abscesses from 19 women with GM were investigated using 16S rDNA metagenomic sequencing and Sanger sequencing. A quantitative PCR (qPCR) assay was also developed to identify Corynebacterium kroppenstedtii.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A bioinformatic analysis revealed that Corynebacterium was present in the 19 GM patients, with abundances ranging from 1.1% to 58.9%. Of note, Corynebacterium was the most abundant taxon in seven patients (more than a third of the subjects). The predominance of Corynebacterium kroppenstedtii infection (11 of 19 patients, 57.9%) was confirmed with Sanger sequencing and the qPCR assay.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This study profiled the microbiota of patients with GM and indicated an important role for Corynebacterium, and in particular C. kroppenstedtii, in the pathogenesis of this disease.
authors: Breast Disease Center, Guangdong Women and Children Hospital, Guangzhou 511400, PR China.
authors: Hai-Jing
authors: HJ
authors: Yu
authors: Translational Medicine Center, Guangdong Women and Children Hospital, Guangzhou, PR China.
authors: Hua
authors: H
authors: Deng
authors: Translational Medicine Center, Guangdong Women and Children Hospital, Guangzhou, PR China.
authors: Jian
authors: J
authors: Ma
authors: Translational Medicine Center, Guangdong Women and Children Hospital, Guangzhou, PR China.
authors: Shu-Jun
authors: SJ
authors: Huang
authors: Breast Disease Center, Guangdong Women and Children Hospital, Guangzhou 511400, PR China.
authors: Jian-Min
authors: JM
authors: Yang
authors: Department of Clinical Laboratory, Guangdong Women and Children Hospital, Guangzhou, PR China.
authors: Yan-Fen
authors: YF
authors: Huang
authors: Department of Clinical Laboratory, Guangdong Women and Children Hospital, Guangzhou, PR China.
authors: Xiao-Ping
authors: XP
authors: Mu
authors: Translational Medicine Center, Guangdong Women and Children Hospital, Guangzhou, PR China; Maternal and Children Metabolic-Genetic Key Laboratory, Guangdong Women and Children Hospital, Guangzhou, PR China.
authors: Liang
authors: L
authors: Zhang
authors: Breast Disease Center, Guangdong Women and Children Hospital, Guangzhou 511400, PR China; Maternal and Children Metabolic-Genetic Key Laboratory, Guangdong Women and Children Hospital, Guangzhou, PR China. Electronic address: wangqigz@hotmail.com.
authors: Qi
authors: Q
authors: Wang
mesh_terms: D000038:Abscess / Q000382:microbiology*; D000328:Adult; D001940:Breast / Q000382:microbiology*; D003352:Corynebacterium / Q000235:genetics / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D003354:Corynebacterium Infections / Q000382:microbiology*; D004275:DNA, Ribosomal / Q000737:chemistry / Q000235:genetics; D005260:Female; D058890:Granulomatous Mastitis / Q000382:microbiology*; D006801:Humans; D056186:Metagenomics; D064307:Microbiota; D017422:Sequence Analysis, DNA
chemical_list: D004275:DNA, Ribosomal
keywords: C. kroppenstedtii; Corynebacterium; Granulomatous mastitis; Metagenomic sequencing; Microbiota