title: [Spontaneous pneumothorax in children: factors associated with their recurrence].
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Recurrence of spontaneous pneumothorax (SP) is more frequent in pediatric patients. The purpose of our study was to identify factors associated with this recurrence.
  
  
  METHODS
  Retrospective review of the chart of patients with SP treated at our institution between 2004 and 2014. Statistic methods (χ2 and logistic regression) were used analyzing age, gender, side and size of pneumothorax and therapeutic approach as possible predictive factors of SP recurrence.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A total of 81 SP cases in 43 patients (29 men, 14 women) were reviewed: 50 primary (PSP) and 31 secondary (SSP). Median age at presentation was 15,1 years (0.5-18.59). Follow up was 3.52 years (0.21-18.59). Twenty-three cases (28.4%) underwent surgery (22 thoracoscopies, 1 thoracotomy), consisting of bleb resection with abrasive and chemical pleurodesis. Ipsilateral recurrence after surgery was 21.7% (22.2% in PSP, 20% in SSP, p = 0.096) and 41.4% after non-surgical treatment. Age was a risk factor for recurrence (p= 0.049; OR = 1.16), especially between 10 and 15 years (44.6% in front of 19%, p = 0.013). Male gender and size >20% were associated with higher recurrence risk in SSP that received non-surgical treatment (p<0.05).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Recurrences of SP in children are frequent even after surgical treatment. Age (preadolescence and early adolescence), male gender and initial size of pneumothorax may be factors associated with higher recurrence risk.
authors: Servicio de Cirugía Pediátrica. Hospital Universitario Vall d'Hebron. Barcelona.
authors: P
authors: P
authors: Jiménez Arribas
authors: Servicio de Cirugía Pediátrica. Hospital Universitario Vall d'Hebron. Barcelona.
authors: S
authors: S
authors: López-Fernández
authors: Servicio de Cirugía Pediátrica. Hospital Universitario Vall d'Hebron. Barcelona.
authors: A
authors: A
authors: Laín Fernández
authors: Servicio de Cirugía Pediátrica. Hospital Universitario Vall d'Hebron. Barcelona.
authors: G
authors: G
authors: Guillén Burrieza
authors: Servicio de Cirugía Pediátrica. Hospital Universitario Vall d'Hebron. Barcelona.
authors: J
authors: J
authors: Lloret Roca
keywords: Blebs; Recurrence; Spontaneous pneumothorax; Thoracoscopy