title: Risk Factors for Sporadic Pancreatic Neuroendocrine Tumors: A Case-Control Study.
abstract: The current study examined risk factors for sporadic pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors (PNETs), including smoking, alcohol use, first-degree family history of any cancer (FHC), and diabetes in the Han Chinese ethnic group. In this clinic-based case-control analysis on 385 patients with sporadic PNETs and 614 age- and sex-matched controls, we interviewed subjects using a specific questionnaire on demographics and potential risk factors. An unconditional multivariable logistic regression analysis was used to estimate adjusted odds ratios (AORs). No significant differences were found between patients and controls in terms of demographic variables. Most of the patients with PNETs had well-differentiated PNETs (G1, 62.9%) and non-advanced European Neuroendocrine Tumor Society (ENETS) stage (stage I or II, 83.9%). Ever/heavy smoking, a history of diabetes and a first-degree FHC were independent risk factors for non-functional PNETs. Only heavy drinking was found to be an independent risk factor for functional PNETs (AOR = 1.87; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.01-3.51). Ever/heavy smoking was also associated with advanced ENETS staging (stage III or IV) at the time of diagnosis. This study identified first-degree FHC, ever/heavy smoking, and diabetes as risk factors for non-functional PNETs, while heavy drinking as a risk factor for functional PNETs.
authors: Department of Gastroenterology, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, 200025, China.
authors: Qiwen
authors: Q
authors: Ben
authors: Department of Gastroenterology, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, 200025, China.
authors: Jie
authors: J
authors: Zhong
authors: Department of General Surgery, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, 200025, China.
authors: Jian
authors: J
authors: Fei
authors: Department of Geriatrics, Changhai Hospital of Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China.
authors: Haitao
authors: H
authors: Chen
authors: Department of Gastroenterology, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, 200025, China.
authors: Lifen
authors: L
authors: Yv
authors: Department of Gastroenterology, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, 200025, China.
authors: Jihong
authors: J
authors: Tan
authors: Department of Gastroenterology, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, 200025, China.
authors: Yaozong
authors: Y
authors: Yuan
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D048909:Diabetes Complications / Q000453:epidemiology; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D018358:Neuroendocrine Tumors / Q000453:epidemiology*; D010190:Pancreatic Neoplasms / Q000453:epidemiology*; D012307:Risk Factors; D012907:Smoking / Q000009:adverse effects