title: [Exceptional causes of hematuria in childhood and infancy].
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Hematuria is not uncommon in pediatric patients, even though it remains a diagnostic challenge in many cases. In this study we aim to draw attention to health professionals to have in mind rare diseases as a cause of hematuria.
  
  
  METHODS
  We report 3 representative clinical cases of hematuria from very different origins: traumatic, congenital and infectious, illustrating the broad spectrum of causes of hematuria.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  There are exceptional causes of hematuria which should be considered in clinical practice. The study of hematuria should always include a complete personal and familiar medical history, a careful physical examination and urine cultures. It is important to try to propose an algorithm study, avoiding unnecessary and invasive diagnostic tests that can be associated with complications.
authors: Unidad de Urología Pediátrica. Servicio de Cirugía Pediátrica. Hospital Universitario Vall d'Hebrón. Barcelona.
authors: R
authors: R
authors: Gander
authors: Unidad de Urología Pediátrica. Servicio de Cirugía Pediátrica. Hospital Universitario Vall d'Hebrón. Barcelona.
authors: M
authors: M
authors: Asensio
authors: Unidad de Urología Pediátrica. Servicio de Cirugía Pediátrica. Hospital Universitario Vall d'Hebrón. Barcelona.
authors: G
authors: G
authors: Fatou Royo
authors: Unidad de Urología Pediátrica. Servicio de Cirugía Pediátrica. Hospital Universitario Vall d'Hebrón. Barcelona.
authors: J A
authors: JA
authors: Martín Osorio
authors: Servicio de Cirugía Pediátrica. Hospital Universitario Vall d'Hebrón. Barcelona.
authors: J
authors: J
authors: Lloret
keywords: Haematuria children; Nutcracker; Pediatrics; Schistosomiasis