title: Determination of Deoxynivalenol in the Urine of Pregnant Women in the UK.
abstract: Deoxynivalenol (DON) is one of the most commonly occurring trichothecenes, produced mainly byFusarium graminearum. Little is known about the effect of DON exposure or the levels of DON exposure that occur during pregnancy. The project aimed to provide data on levels of total DON and de-epoxi Deoxynivalenol (DOM-1) in pregnant human urine samples analysed by liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS). Morning urine samples were collected over two consecutive days from 42 volunteers and associated food consumption was recorded for the 24 h prior to the sample. Spearman's rho non-parametric test for correlation was used to assess the data. Levels of DON did not differ significantly between day 1 (mean 29.7 ng/mL urine or 40.1 ng DON/mg creatinine) and day 2 (mean 28.7 ng/mL urine or 38.8 ng DON/mg creatinine ng/mL/day) urine samples. The only significant positive correlation was found between total ng DON/mg creatinine and parity (rho = 0.307,n= 42,p <0.005 two-tailed) and total ng DON/mg creatinine with baked goods on day 1 (rho = 0.532,n= 42,p <0.0005 two-tailed). This study provides data on the DON levels in pregnancy in this suburban population and reassurance that those levels are within acceptable limits.
authors: Department of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Brocklehurst Building, Hull Royal Infirmary, Anlaby Road, Hull HU3 2RW, UK. liz.wells@hull.ac.uk.
authors: Liz
authors: L
authors: Wells
authors: Division of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, LICAMM, School of Medicine, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, UK. L.J.Hardie@leeds.ac.uk.
authors: Laura
authors: L
authors: Hardie
authors: Division of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, LICAMM, School of Medicine, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, UK. medcwila@leeds.ac.uk.
authors: Courtney
authors: C
authors: Williams
authors: Division of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, LICAMM, School of Medicine, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, UK. K.L.M.White@leeds.ac.uk.
authors: Kay
authors: K
authors: White
authors: Department of Environmental Medicine, Hainan Medical University, 3 Xueyuan Road, Haikou 571199, China. liuyunru@126.com.
authors: Yunru
authors: Y
authors: Liu
authors: Department of Veterinary Public Health and Food Safety, GMO and Mycotoxins Unit, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Viale Regina Elena, 299,00161 Rome, Italy. barbara.desantis@iss.it.
authors: Barbara
authors: B
authors: De Santis
authors: Department of Veterinary Public Health and Food Safety, GMO and Mycotoxins Unit, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Viale Regina Elena, 299,00161 Rome, Italy. francesca.debegnach@iss.it.
authors: Francesca
authors: F
authors: Debegnach
authors: Department of Statistical Sciences, Piazzale Aldo Moro, Università degli studi di Roma "La Sapienza", 5,00185 Roma, Italy. giorgio.moretti87@gmail.com.
authors: Georgio
authors: G
authors: Moretti
authors: Echuca Regional Health, Service Street, Echuca 3564, Australia. sgreetham@erh.org.au.
authors: Stephanie
authors: S
authors: Greetham
authors: Department of Veterinary Public Health and Food Safety, GMO and Mycotoxins Unit, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Viale Regina Elena, 299,00161 Rome, Italy. carlo.brera@iss.it.
authors: Carlo
authors: C
authors: Brera
authors: Centre for Cardiovascular and Metabolic Research, Hull York Medical School, Hertford Building, University of Hull, Hull HU6 7RX, UK. asr1960@hotmail.com.
authors: Alan
authors: A
authors: Rigby
authors: Weill Cornell Medicine in Qatar, Education City, P.O. Box 24144, Qatar. sla2002@qatar-med.cornell.edu.
authors: Stephen
authors: S
authors: Atkin
authors: Department of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Brocklehurst Building, Hull Royal Infirmary, Anlaby Road, Hull HU3 2RW, UK. Thozhukat.Sathyapalan@hyms.ac.uk.
authors: Thozhukat
authors: T
authors: Sathyapalan
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D004032:Diet; D004784:Environmental Monitoring; D005260:Female; D005506:Food Contamination; D006801:Humans; D011247:Pregnancy / Q000652:urine*; D013383:Suburban Population; D014255:Trichothecenes / Q000652:urine*; D006113:United Kingdom; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D014255:Trichothecenes; C007262:deoxynivalenol
keywords: Deoxynivalenol; mycotoxins; pregnancy; vomitoxin