title: Human Exposures to Bisphenol A, Bisphenol F and Chlorinated Bisphenol A Derivatives and Thyroid Function.
abstract: Although the increasing prevalence of thyroid nodular disease (TND) has been partially attributed to the more frequent usage of improved diagnostics, environmental factors, such as exposures to thyroid-disrupting chemicals may contribute to TND and altered thyroid function. We investigated the association between exposures to bisphenol A (BPA), its chlorinated derivatives (ClxBPA), and bisphenol F (BPF) with TND and thyroid measures in adult women. A case-control study in Cyprus and Romania (n = 212) was conducted, where cases were those with thyroid nodules (diameter >3mm), and controls without nodules. Serum TSH and free thyroxine and urinary levels of BPA, BPF and ClxBPA were measured using immunoassays and tandem mass spectrometry, respectively. The association between exposures to BPA compounds and TND, adjusting for age, BMI, thyroid hormones and urinary iodine was assessed using logistic regression. Linear regression was used to explore associations between urinary BPA, BPF and ClxBPA and serum thyroid hormones. With the exception of a chlorinated BPA compound (30%), the rest of bisphenols were quantified in 100% of urine samples. A positive and significant (p<0.05) association was observed between urinary BPA and serum TSH that remained after adjusting for urinary creatinine, age, BMI, study site and disease status; there was no significant association between BPF or ClxBPA with TSH. None of the BPA compounds were associated with higher odds of TND. Our study found associations of urinary BPA with TSH but not with BPF or ClxBPA. A larger study would be justified.
authors: Cyprus International Institute for Environmental and Public Health, Cyprus University of Technology, Limassol, Cyprus.
authors: Xanthi D
authors: XD
authors: Andrianou
authors: Cyprus International Institute for Environmental and Public Health, Cyprus University of Technology, Limassol, Cyprus.
authors: Stephanie
authors: S
authors: Gängler
authors: Medical Oncology Department, Prof. Dr. Ion Chiricuta Institute of Oncology, Cluj-Napoca, Romania.|Iuliu Hatieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Cluj-Napoca, Romania.
authors: Andra
authors: A
authors: Piciu
authors: Cyprus International Institute for Environmental and Public Health, Cyprus University of Technology, Limassol, Cyprus.
authors: Pantelis
authors: P
authors: Charisiadis
authors: Endocrinology Department, Archbishop Makarios III Hospital, Nicosia, Cyprus.
authors: Christina
authors: C
authors: Zira
authors: Radiology Department, Archbishop Makarios III Hospital, Nicosia, Cyprus.
authors: Kyriacos
authors: K
authors: Aristidou
authors: Iuliu Hatieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Cluj-Napoca, Romania.|Nuclear Medicine Department, Prof. Dr. Ion Chiricuta Institute of Oncology, Cluj-Napoca, Romania.
authors: Doina
authors: D
authors: Piciu
authors: Department of Environmental Health, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Harvard University, Boston, United States of America.
authors: Russ
authors: R
authors: Hauser
authors: Cyprus International Institute for Environmental and Public Health, Cyprus University of Technology, Limassol, Cyprus.
authors: Konstantinos C
authors: KC
authors: Makris
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000367:Age Factors; D000368:Aged; D001559:Benzhydryl Compounds / Q000737:chemistry / Q000633:toxicity* / Q000652:urine; D015992:Body Mass Index; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D003404:Creatinine / Q000652:urine; D004781:Environmental Exposure; D005260:Female; D054879:Halogenation; D006801:Humans; D007118:Immunoassay; D007455:Iodine / Q000652:urine; D016014:Linear Models; D016015:Logistic Models; D008875:Middle Aged; D016017:Odds Ratio; D010636:Phenols / Q000737:chemistry / Q000633:toxicity* / Q000652:urine; D053719:Tandem Mass Spectrometry; D013959:Thyroid Diseases / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000209:etiology*; D013961:Thyroid Gland / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism*; D013972:Thyrotropin / Q000097:blood; D013974:Thyroxine / Q000097:blood; D000098833:Bisphenol F Compounds; D000098826:Bisphenol A Compounds
chemical_list: D001559:Benzhydryl Compounds; D003404:Creatinine; D007455:Iodine; D010636:Phenols; D013972:Thyrotropin; D013974:Thyroxine; C000611646:bisphenol F; D000098833:Bisphenol F Compounds; C006780:bisphenol A; D000098826:Bisphenol A Compounds