title: The Use of Laser Microirradiation to Investigate the Roles of Cohesins in DNA Repair.
abstract: In addition to their mitotic and transcriptional functions, cohesin plays critical roles in DNA damage response (DDR) and repair. Specifically, cohesin promotes homologous recombination (HR) repair of DNA double-strand breaks (DSBs), which is conserved from yeast to humans, and is a critical effector of ATM/ATR DDR kinase-mediated checkpoint control in mammalian cells. Optical laser microirradiation has been instrumental in revealing the damage site-specific functions of cohesin and, more recently, uncovering the unique role of cohesin-SA2, one of the two cohesin complexes uniquely present in higher eukaryotes, in DNA repair in human cells. In this review, we briefly describe what we know about cohesin function and regulation in response to DNA damage, and discuss the optimized laser microirradiation conditions used to analyze cohesin responses to DNA damage in vivo.
authors: Department of Biological Chemistry, School of Medicine, University of California-Irvine, 240D Med. Sci I, Irvine, CA, 92697-1700, USA.
authors: Xiangduo
authors: X
authors: Kong
authors: Department of Biological Chemistry, School of Medicine, University of California-Irvine, 240D Med. Sci I, Irvine, CA, 92697-1700, USA.
authors: Alexander R
authors: AR
authors: Ball
authors: Department of Biological Chemistry, School of Medicine, University of California-Irvine, 240D Med. Sci I, Irvine, CA, 92697-1700, USA. kyokomor@uci.edu.
authors: Kyoko
authors: K
authors: Yokomori
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002453:Cell Cycle / Q000235:genetics* / Q000528:radiation effects; D018797:Cell Cycle Proteins / Q000235:genetics*; D002842:Chromatids / Q000235:genetics* / Q000528:radiation effects; D002868:Chromosomal Proteins, Non-Histone / Q000235:genetics*; D053903:DNA Breaks, Double-Stranded; D004249:DNA Damage / Q000235:genetics / Q000528:radiation effects; D004260:DNA Repair / Q000235:genetics / Q000528:radiation effects; D006801:Humans; D007834:Lasers; D008967:Molecular Biology / Q000379:methods*; D009687:Nuclear Proteins / Q000235:genetics*; D059767:Recombinational DNA Repair / Q000235:genetics / Q000528:radiation effects; D012441:Saccharomyces cerevisiae / Q000235:genetics; D000097722:Cohesins
chemical_list: D018797:Cell Cycle Proteins; D002868:Chromosomal Proteins, Non-Histone; D009687:Nuclear Proteins; D000097722:Cohesins
keywords: Cohesin; Cohesin-SA2; Condensin I; DNA double-strand breaks (DSBs); MMS21; Microirradiation; Near-infrared (NIR) laser; SUMOylation; Sister chromatid homologous recombination (HR)