title: Cerebral Amyloid Angiopathy-Related Microbleeds and Cerebrospinal Fluid Biomarkers in Alzheimer's Disease.
abstract: Alzheimer's disease (AD) commonly accompanies cerebral amyloid angiopathy (CAA).
  
  
  
  We aimed to reveal associations between CAA-related brain microbleeds and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) markers in AD patients.
  
  
  
  Patients with probable AD (n = 88) from consecutive patients in our memory clinic were evaluated for patient demographics, vascular risk factors, neuropsychological tests, apolipoprotein E phenotype, MRI including T2*-weighted image and fluid attenuated inversion recovery sequence, and CSF amyloid and tau markers.
  
  
  
  The 88 patients with AD included 15 with microbleeds only in cortical/subcortical regions (cortical microbleeds) that could be CAA-related, 16 with microbleeds only in deep locations (deep microbleeds), 3 with microbleeds in both cortical and deep locations (mixed microbleeds), and 54 without microbleeds. The CSF levels of amyloid β-protein 1-40 (Aβ40) and amyloid β-protein 1-42 (Aβ42) were significantly lower in patients with cortical microbleeds than in those without microbleeds (p = 0.001 and p = 0.027, respectively). The result remained unchanged after adjustment for age, sex, apolipoprotein E E4 presence, and leukoaraiosis.
  
  
  
  CAA-related cortical microbleeds would be associated with lower CSF levels of Aβ40 and Aβ42 in AD, reflecting the deposition of both Aβ40 and Aβ42 in the cerebrovasculature.
authors: Department of Neurology and Neurobiology of Aging, Kanazawa University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kanazawa, Japan.
authors: Moeko
authors: M
authors: Noguchi-Shinohara
authors: Department of Neurology and Neurobiology of Aging, Kanazawa University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kanazawa, Japan.
authors: Junji
authors: J
authors: Komatsu
authors: Department of Neurology and Neurobiology of Aging, Kanazawa University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kanazawa, Japan.
authors: Miharu
authors: M
authors: Samuraki
authors: Department of Clinical Research, the Medical and Pharmacological Research Center Foundation, Hakui, Japan, Division of Nuclear Medicine, Department of Radiology, Saitama Medical University Hospital, Saitama, Japan.
authors: Ichiro
authors: I
authors: Matsunari
authors: Department of Neurology and Neurobiology of Aging, Kanazawa University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kanazawa, Japan.
authors: Tokuhei
authors: T
authors: Ikeda
authors: Department of Neurology and Neurobiology of Aging, Kanazawa University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kanazawa, Japan.
authors: Kenji
authors: K
authors: Sakai
authors: Department of Neurology and Neurobiology of Aging, Kanazawa University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kanazawa, Japan.
authors: Tsuyoshi
authors: T
authors: Hamaguchi
authors: Department of Neurology and Neurobiology of Aging, Kanazawa University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kanazawa, Japan.|Department of Neurology, Showa University School of Medicine.
authors: Kenjiro
authors: K
authors: Ono
authors: Department of Environmental and Preventive Medicine, Kanazawa University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kanazawa, Japan.
authors: Hiroyuki
authors: H
authors: Nakamura
authors: Department of Neurology and Neurobiology of Aging, Kanazawa University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kanazawa, Japan.
authors: Masahito
authors: M
authors: Yamada
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000544:Alzheimer Disease / Q000134:cerebrospinal fluid* / Q000150:complications* / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000235:genetics; D016229:Amyloid beta-Peptides / Q000134:cerebrospinal fluid; D001057:Apolipoproteins E / Q000235:genetics; D016657:Cerebral Amyloid Angiopathy / Q000134:cerebrospinal fluid* / Q000150:complications* / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000235:genetics; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D020300:Intracranial Hemorrhages / Q000134:cerebrospinal fluid* / Q000150:complications* / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D049292:Leukoaraiosis / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000209:etiology; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging; D008297:Male; D008609:Mental Status Schedule; D008875:Middle Aged; D009483:Neuropsychological Tests; D010446:Peptide Fragments / Q000134:cerebrospinal fluid; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012307:Risk Factors
chemical_list: D016229:Amyloid beta-Peptides; D001057:Apolipoproteins E; D010446:Peptide Fragments; C078592:amyloid beta-protein (1-40); C075222:amyloid beta-protein (1-42)
keywords: Alzheimer’s disease; biomarkers; cerebral amyloid angiopathy; cerebrospinal fluid