title: The influence of depression on personality traits in patients with fibromyalgia: a case-control study.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  We developed this study to investigate the association of fibromyalgia with personality traits, controlling for depression and other potential confounders.
  
  
  METHODS
  We assessed personality traits using the Cloninger's Temperament and Character Inventory (TCI) in 78 female patients with fibromyalgia and in a control group of 78 subjects without fibromyalgia. The Mini-International Neuropsychiatric Interview was used to assess depression and anxiety diagnoses. To investigate the association between fibromyalgia and the Cloninger's Temperament and Character Inventory we performed unadjusted and adjusted analyses of covariance, using the TCI score as dependent variable and adjusting the model for depression, anxiety and for clinical and socio-demographic variables. We used a backward selection method to choose the final model.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In the unadjusted analysis, fibromyalgia was associated with all personality traits, except persistency. After adjusting for depression and anxiety, patients with fibromyalgia presented decreased novelty seeking compared to controls; the differences in other personality traits were no longer significant. Novelty seeking was also correlated with the length of history of fibromyalgia and pain intensity.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Decreased novelty seeking may be a personality trait associated with fibromyalgia. Depression and anxiety should be considered potential confounders in the evaluation of personality traits in this population.
authors: Department and Institute of Psychiatry, Clinical Hospital, University of São Paulo School of Medicine, São Paulo, Brazil.
authors: Daniela M
authors: DM
authors: Santos
authors: Department of Medical Clinic II, Rheumatology Service, Clinical Hospital, University of São Paulo School of Medicine, São Paulo, Brazil.
authors: Laís V
authors: LV
authors: Lage
authors: Department and Institute of Psychiatry, Clinical Hospital, University of São Paulo School of Medicine, São Paulo, Brazil.
authors: Eleonora K
authors: EK
authors: Jabur
authors: Department of Neurology, Clinical Hospital, University of São Paulo School of Medicine, São Paulo, Brazil.
authors: Helena H S
authors: HHS
authors: Kaziyama
authors: Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, USA.
authors: Dan V
authors: DV
authors: Iosifescu
authors: Division of Psychology, Central Institute, Clinical Hospital, University of São Paulo School of Medicine, São Paulo, Brazil.
authors: Mara Cristina S
authors: MCS
authors: De Lucia
authors: Department and Institute of Psychiatry, Clinical Hospital, University of São Paulo School of Medicine; and Laboratory of Psychiatric Neuroimaging (LIM-21) and Division of Psychiatry and Psychology, University Hospital, University of São Paulo, Brazil.
authors: Renério
authors: R
authors: Fráguas
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001007:Anxiety / Q000523:psychology; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D003863:Depression / Q000523:psychology*; D005106:Exploratory Behavior; D005260:Female; D005356:Fibromyalgia / Q000523:psychology*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010551:Personality; D010555:Personality Inventory; D012720:Severity of Illness Index; D013694:Temperament