title: Smoke-Free Rules and Secondhand Smoke Exposure in Vehicles among U.S. Adults-National Adult Tobacco Survey, 2009-2010 and 2013-2014.
abstract: In the United States (U.S.), secondhand smoke (SHS) exposure causes more than 41,000 deaths among nonsmoking adults annually. Adoption of smoke-free laws in public areas has increased, but private settings such as vehicles remain a source of SHS exposure. This study assessed change in voluntary smoke-free vehicle rules and SHS exposure in personal vehicles among U.S. adults between two periods, 2009-2010 and 2013-2014, using data from the National Adult Tobacco Survey (NATS). NATS is a national landline and cellular telephone survey of non-institutionalized adults aged ≥18 years in the 50 U.S. states and the District of Columbia. We assessed percentage change in the prevalence of smoke-free vehicle rules among all adults and SHS exposure in vehicles among nonsmoking adults, overall, by sociodemographic factors (sex, age, race/ethnicity, education, marital status, annual household income, U.S. region), and by cigarette smoking status. During 2009-2010 to 2013-2014, the percentage of adults with a 100% smoke-free vehicle rule increased from 73.6% to 79.5% (% change = +8.0%;p< 0.05). Among nonsmokers, SHS exposure in vehicles in the previous 7 days decreased from 9.2% to 8.2% (% change = -10.9%;p< 0.05). Smoke-free rules in private settings such as vehicles, in coordination with comprehensive smoke-free policies in indoor public settings, can help reduce SHS exposure and promote smoke-free norms.
authors: Office on Smoking and Health, National Center for Chronic Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA 30329, USA. jkruger@cdc.gov.
authors: Judy
authors: J
authors: Kruger
authors: DB Consulting Group, Atlanta, GA 30329, USA. amal.o.jama@gmail.com.
authors: Amal
authors: A
authors: Jama
authors: Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA. mkegler@emory.edu.
authors: Michelle
authors: M
authors: Kegler
authors: Office on Smoking and Health, National Center for Chronic Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA 30329, USA. ipz3@cdc.gov.
authors: Carissa
authors: C
authors: Baker Holmes
authors: Office on Smoking and Health, National Center for Chronic Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA 30329, USA. fik4@cdc.gov.
authors: Sean
authors: S
authors: Hu
authors: Office on Smoking and Health, National Center for Chronic Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA 30329, USA. iyn3@cdc.gov.
authors: Brian
authors: B
authors: King
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D018986:Motor Vehicles / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D057566:Self Report; D061845:Smoke-Free Policy / Q000331:legislation & jurisprudence; D014028:Tobacco Smoke Pollution / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D014481:United States; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D014028:Tobacco Smoke Pollution
keywords: policy; secondhand smoke exposure; tobacco products; vehicles