title: Aortic Cross-Sectional Area/Height Ratio and Outcomes in Patients With a Trileaflet Aortic Valve and a Dilated Aorta.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  In patients with a dilated proximal ascending aorta and trileaflet aortic valve, we aimed to assess (1) factors independently associated with increased long-term mortality and (2) the incremental prognostic utility of indexing aortic root to patient height.
  
  
  METHODS
  We studied consecutive patients with a dilated aortic root (≥4 cm) that underwent echocardiography and gated contrast-enhanced thoracic aortic computed tomography or magnetic resonance angiography between 2003 and 2007. A ratio of aortic root area over height was calculated (cm2/m) on tomography, and a cutoff of 10 cm2/m was chosen as abnormal, on the basis of previous reports. All-cause death was recorded.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The cohort comprised 771 patients (63 years [interquartile range, 53-71], 87% men, 85% hypertension, 51% hyperlipidemia, 56% smokers). Inherited aortopathies, moderate to severe aortic regurgitation, and severe aortic stenosis were seen in 7%, 18%, and 2%, whereas 91% and 54% were on β-blockers and angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors, respectively. Aortic root area/height ratio was ≥10 cm2/m in 24%. The Society of Thoracic Surgeons score and right ventricular systolic pressure were 3.3±3 and 31±7 mm Hg, respectively. At 7.8 years (interquartile range, 6.6-8.9), 280 (36%) patients underwent aortic surgery (76% within 1 year) and 130 (17%) died (1% in-hospital postoperative mortality). A lower proportion of patients in the surgical (versus nonsurgical) group died (13% versus 19%, P<0.01). On multivariable Cox proportional hazard analysis, aortic root area/height ratio (hazard ratio, 4.04; 95% confidence interval [CI], 2.69-6.231) was associated with death, whereas aortic surgery (hazard ratio, 0.47; 95% CI, 0.27-0.81) was associated with improved survival (both P<0.01). For longer-term mortality, the addition of aortic root area/height ratio ≥10 cm2/m to a clinical model (Society of Thoracic Surgeons score, inherited aortopathies, hypertension, hyperlipidemia, medications, aortic regurgitation, and right ventricular systolic pressure), increased the c-statistic from 0.57 (95% CI, 0.35-0.77) to 0.65 (95% CI, 0.52-0.73) and net reclassification index from 0.17 (95% CI, 0.02-0.31) to 0.23 (95% CI, 0.04-0.34), both P<0.01. Of the 327 patients with aortic root diameter between 4.5 and 5.5 cm, 44% had an abnormal aortic root area/height ratio, of which 78% died.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In patients with dilated aortic root and trileaflet aortic valve, a ratio of aortic root area to height provides independent and improved stratification for prediction of death.
authors: From Center for Aortic Disease, Heart and Vascular Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH.
authors: Ahmad
authors: A
authors: Masri
authors: From Center for Aortic Disease, Heart and Vascular Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH.
authors: Vidyasagar
authors: V
authors: Kalahasti
authors: From Center for Aortic Disease, Heart and Vascular Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH.
authors: Lars G
authors: LG
authors: Svensson
authors: From Center for Aortic Disease, Heart and Vascular Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH.
authors: Eric E
authors: EE
authors: Roselli
authors: From Center for Aortic Disease, Heart and Vascular Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH.
authors: Douglas
authors: D
authors: Johnston
authors: From Center for Aortic Disease, Heart and Vascular Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH.
authors: Donald
authors: D
authors: Hammer
authors: From Center for Aortic Disease, Heart and Vascular Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH.
authors: Paul
authors: P
authors: Schoenhagen
authors: From Center for Aortic Disease, Heart and Vascular Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH.
authors: Brian P
authors: BP
authors: Griffin
authors: From Center for Aortic Disease, Heart and Vascular Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH. desaim2@ccf.org.
authors: Milind Y
authors: MY
authors: Desai
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D001011:Aorta / Q000002:abnormalities* / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000601:surgery; D001021:Aortic Valve / Q000002:abnormalities* / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000601:surgery; D015331:Cohort Studies; D004452:Echocardiography / Q000379:methods; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D012307:Risk Factors
keywords: aortic valve; ascending aortic dilation; patient outcome assessment