title: Measles, mumps, rubella and VZV: importance of serological testing of vaccine-preventable diseases in young adults living with HIV in Germany.
abstract: Measles, mumps, rubella (MMR) and varicella zoster virus (VZV) infection can cause serious diseases and complications in the HIV-positive population. Due to successful vaccination programmes measles, mumps and congenital rubella syndrome has become neglected in Germany. However, recent outbreaks of measles have occurred from import-associated cases. In this cross-sectional study the serostatus for MMR and VZV in 2013 HIV-positive adults from three different university outpatient clinics in Bonn (n = 544), Cologne (n = 995) and Munich (n = 474) was analysed. Sera were tested for MMR- and VZV-specific immunglobulin G antibodies using commercial immunoassays. Seronegativity was found in 3% for measles, 26% for mumps, 11% for rubella and 2% for VZV. Regarding MMR, 35% of patients lacked seropositivity against at least one infectious agent. In multivariable analysis younger age was strongly associated with seronegativity against all four viruses, measles, mumps, rubella (P < 0·001, P < 0·001 and P = 0·001, respectively) and VZV (P = 0·001). In conclusion, there is high need for MMR and VZV vaccination in people living with HIV in Germany born in 1970 or later. Thus, systematic MMR and VZV antibody screening and vaccination should be implemented in the HIV-positive population to prevent serious disease and complications of vaccine-preventable diseases.
authors: Department I for Internal Medicine, University Hospital of Bonn, Bonn, Germany.|German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), partner site Bonn-Cologne, Germany.
authors: C
authors: C
authors: Schwarze-Zander
authors: Department of Infectious Diseases, Medizinische Klinik und Poliklinik IV, Klinikum der Universität München, Munich, Germany.|German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), partner site Munich, Germany.
authors: R
authors: R
authors: Draenert
authors: German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), partner site Bonn-Cologne, Germany.|Department I for Internal Medicine, University Hospital of Cologne, Cologne, Germany.
authors: C
authors: C
authors: Lehmann
authors: German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), partner site Bonn-Cologne, Germany.|Department I for Internal Medicine, University Hospital of Cologne, Cologne, Germany.
authors: M
authors: M
authors: Stecher
authors: Department I for Internal Medicine, University Hospital of Bonn, Bonn, Germany.|German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), partner site Bonn-Cologne, Germany.
authors: C
authors: C
authors: Boesecke
authors: Department of Infectious Diseases, Medizinische Klinik und Poliklinik IV, Klinikum der Universität München, Munich, Germany.|German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), partner site Munich, Germany.
authors: S
authors: S
authors: Sammet
authors: Department I for Internal Medicine, University Hospital of Bonn, Bonn, Germany.|German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), partner site Bonn-Cologne, Germany.
authors: J C
authors: JC
authors: Wasmuth
authors: Department of Infectious Diseases, Medizinische Klinik und Poliklinik IV, Klinikum der Universität München, Munich, Germany.|German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), partner site Munich, Germany.
authors: U
authors: U
authors: Seybold
authors: German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), partner site Bonn-Cologne, Germany.|Department I for Internal Medicine, University Hospital of Cologne, Cologne, Germany.
authors: D
authors: D
authors: Gillor
authors: Institute of Virology, University Hospital Cologne, Cologne, Germany.
authors: U
authors: U
authors: Wieland
authors: German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), partner site Bonn-Cologne, Germany.|Department I for Internal Medicine, University Hospital of Cologne, Cologne, Germany.
authors: T
authors: T
authors: Kümmerle
authors: Department I for Internal Medicine, University Hospital of Bonn, Bonn, Germany.|German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), partner site Bonn-Cologne, Germany.
authors: C P
authors: CP
authors: Strassburg
authors: National Reference Center MMR, Robert Koch Institute, Berlin, Germany.
authors: A
authors: A
authors: Mankertz
authors: Institute of Virology, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany.
authors: A M
authors: AM
authors: Eis-Hübinger
authors: Institute of Virology, Max von Pettenkofer Institute, Ludwig-Maximilians-University of Munich, Munich, Germany.
authors: G
authors: G
authors: Jäger
authors: German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), partner site Bonn-Cologne, Germany.|Department I for Internal Medicine, University Hospital of Cologne, Cologne, Germany.
authors: G
authors: G
authors: Fätkenheuer
authors: Department of Infectious Diseases, Medizinische Klinik und Poliklinik IV, Klinikum der Universität München, Munich, Germany.|German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), partner site Munich, Germany.
authors: J R
authors: JR
authors: Bogner
authors: Department I for Internal Medicine, University Hospital of Bonn, Bonn, Germany.|German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), partner site Bonn-Cologne, Germany.
authors: J K
authors: JK
authors: Rockstroh
authors: German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), partner site Bonn-Cologne, Germany.|Department I for Internal Medicine, University Hospital of Cologne, Cologne, Germany.
authors: J J
authors: JJ
authors: Vehreschild
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000914:Antibodies, Viral / Q000097:blood*; D002644:Chickenpox / Q000276:immunology*; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D004198:Disease Susceptibility; D005260:Female; D005858:Germany / Q000453:epidemiology; D015658:HIV Infections / Q000150:complications*; D006801:Humans; D007118:Immunoassay; D007074:Immunoglobulin G / Q000097:blood; D008297:Male; D008457:Measles / Q000276:immunology*; D008875:Middle Aged; D009107:Mumps / Q000276:immunology*; D012409:Rubella / Q000276:immunology*; D016036:Seroepidemiologic Studies
chemical_list: D000914:Antibodies, Viral; D007074:Immunoglobulin G
keywords: HIV; MMR; VZV; serology