title: Effects of Smoking on Cost of Hospitalization and Length of Stay among Patients with Lung Cancer in Iran: a Hospital-Based Study.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Smoking is recognized as a main leading preventable cause of mortality and morbidity worldwide. It is responsible for a considerable nancial burden both on the health system and in society. This study aimed to examine the effect of smoking on cost of hospitalization and length of stay (LoS) among patients with lung cancer in Iran in 2014.
  
  
  METHODS
  A total of 415 patients were included in the study. Data on age, sex, insurance status, type of hospitals, type of insurance, geographic local, length of stay and cost of hospitalization was extracted by medical records and smoking status was obtained from a telephone survey. To compare cost of hospitalization and LoS for different smoking groups, current smokers, former smokers, and never smokers, a gamma regression model and zero-truncated poisson regression were used, respectively.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Compared with never smokers, current and former smokers showed a 48% and 35% increase in hospitalization costs, respectively. Also, hospital LoS for current and former smokers was 72% and 31% higher than for never smokers, respectively.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our study indicated that cigarette smoking imposes a signi cant nancial burden on hospitals in Iran. It is, however, recommended that more research should be done to implement and evaluate hospital based smoking cessation interventions to better increase cessation rates in these settings.
authors: Department of Health Management and Economics, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran E-mail : Satarrezaei@gmail.com.
authors: Ali Akbari
authors: AA
authors: Sari
authors: Satar
authors: S
authors: Rezaei
authors: Mohammad
authors: M
authors: Arab
authors: Reza
authors: R
authors: Majdzadeh
authors: Behzad Karami
authors: BK
authors: Matin
authors: Hamed
authors: H
authors: Zandian
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D005260:Female; D017721:Hospital Costs; D006760:Hospitalization / Q000191:economics*; D006761:Hospitals; D006801:Humans; D007492:Iran; D007902:Length of Stay / Q000191:economics*; D008175:Lung Neoplasms / Q000191:economics*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D012907:Smoking / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000191:economics*