title: Depressive symptoms, quality of sleep, and disease control in women with asthma.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  A large number of asthmatic patients, particularly females, present inadequate disease control. Depressive symptoms are reportedly common in asthma and have been related to poor disease control, but the mechanism of this association is still unclear. Poor quality sleep, frequently observed in asthmatics, is also a manifestation of depression and has been related to uncontrolled asthma. This study aimed to investigate the relationship between depressive symptoms, sleep quality, and asthma control.
  
  
  METHODS
  This was a cross-sectional study of 123 women with previous diagnosis of asthma from a reference center in Fortaleza, Brazil. Depressive symptoms were assessed by the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI); quality of sleep was evaluated by the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI), daytime sleepiness by the Epworth Sleepiness Scale (ESS), and asthma control by the Asthma Control Test (ACT).
  
  
  RESULTS
  Inadequate asthma control (ACT <20) was found in 94 (76.4 %) subjects, depressive symptoms in 92 (74.8 %), poor quality sleep (PSQI >5) in 99 (80.49 %), and excessive daytime sleepiness (ESS ≥10) in 34 (27.64 %). Depressive symptoms were associated with both poor quality sleep (R = 0.326) and inadequate asthma control (R = -0.299). Regression analysis showed that depressive symptoms and sleep quality were independent predictors of the level of asthma control.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Asthma control in women is independently associated with depressive symptoms and quality of sleep, suggesting that these patients might benefit from simple measures to promote healthy sleep behavior and sleep hygiene and also that routine screening for depression can be relevant, particularly, in poorly controlled cases.
authors: Faculdade de Farmácia, Odontologia e Enfermagem, Universidade Federal do Ceará, Fortaleza, CE, Brazil.
authors: Francineide Lima
authors: FL
authors: Campos
authors: Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal do Ceará, Rua Prof. Costa Mendes, 1.608, 4o andar, Fortaleza, CE, CEP 60430-140, Brazil. pedrobruin@gmail.com.
authors: Pedro Felipe Carvalhedo
authors: PFC
authors: de Bruin
authors: Faculdade de Farmácia, Odontologia e Enfermagem, Universidade Federal do Ceará, Fortaleza, CE, Brazil.
authors: Thisciane Ferreira
authors: TF
authors: Pinto
authors: Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal do Ceará, Rua Prof. Costa Mendes, 1.608, 4o andar, Fortaleza, CE, CEP 60430-140, Brazil.
authors: Francisco Girleudo Coutinho
authors: FGC
authors: da Silva
authors: Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal do Ceará, Rua Prof. Costa Mendes, 1.608, 4o andar, Fortaleza, CE, CEP 60430-140, Brazil.
authors: Eanes Delgado Barros
authors: EDB
authors: Pereira
authors: Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal do Ceará, Rua Prof. Costa Mendes, 1.608, 4o andar, Fortaleza, CE, CEP 60430-140, Brazil.
authors: Veralice Meireles Sales
authors: VMS
authors: de Bruin
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D001249:Asthma / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000523:psychology* / Q000628:therapy; D001938:Brazil; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D003866:Depressive Disorder / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000523:psychology* / Q000628:therapy; D006970:Disorders of Excessive Somnolence / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000523:psychology / Q000628:therapy; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008875:Middle Aged; D012893:Sleep Wake Disorders / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000523:psychology* / Q000628:therapy; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires
keywords: Asthma; Depression; Disorders of excessive somnolence; Sleep