title: Birth of Archaeal Cells: Molecular Phylogenetic Analyses of G1P Dehydrogenase, G3P Dehydrogenases, and Glycerol Kinase Suggest Derived Features of Archaeal Membranes Having G1P Polar Lipids.
abstract: Bacteria and Eukarya have cell membranes withsn-glycerol-3-phosphate (G3P), whereas archaeal membranes containsn-glycerol-1-phosphate (G1P). Determining the time at which cells with either G3P-lipid membranes or G1P-lipid membranes appeared is important for understanding the early evolution of terrestrial life. To clarify this issue, we reconstructed molecular phylogenetic trees of G1PDH (G1P dehydrogenase; EgsA/AraM) which is responsible for G1P synthesis and G3PDHs (G3P dehydrogenase; GpsA and GlpA/GlpD) and glycerol kinase (GlpK) which is responsible for G3P synthesis. Together with the distribution of these protein-encoding genes among archaeal and bacterial groups, our phylogenetic analyses suggested that GlpA/GlpD in the Commonote (the last universal common ancestor of all extant life with a cellular form,Commonote commonote) acquired EgsA (G1PDH) from the archaeal common ancestor (Commonote archaea) and acquired GpsA and GlpK from a bacterial common ancestor (Commonote bacteria). In our scenario based on this study, the Commonote probably possessed a G3P-lipid membrane synthesized enzymatically, after which the archaeal lineage acquired G1PDH followed by the replacement of a G3P-lipid membrane with a G1P-lipid membrane.
authors: Laboratory of Extremophiles, Department of Applied Life Sciences, School of Life Sciences, Tokyo University of Pharmacy and Life Sciences, 1432-1 Horinouchi, Hachioji, Tokyo 192-0392, Japan.
authors: Shin-Ichi
authors: 0000-0002-7356-3299
authors: SI
authors: Yokobori
authors: Laboratory of Extremophiles, Department of Applied Life Sciences, School of Life Sciences, Tokyo University of Pharmacy and Life Sciences, 1432-1 Horinouchi, Hachioji, Tokyo 192-0392, Japan.
authors: Yoshiki
authors: 0000-0001-6663-1065
authors: Y
authors: Nakajima
authors: Faculty of Human Sciences, Waseda University, 2-579-15 Mikajima, Tokorozawa, Saitama 359-1192, Japan.
authors: Satoshi
authors: 0000-0002-7584-8570
authors: S
authors: Akanuma
authors: Laboratory of Extremophiles, Department of Applied Life Sciences, School of Life Sciences, Tokyo University of Pharmacy and Life Sciences, 1432-1 Horinouchi, Hachioji, Tokyo 192-0392, Japan.
authors: Akihiko
authors: 0000-0001-5162-3927
authors: A
authors: Yamagishi
mesh_terms: D001105:Archaea / Q000201:enzymology* / Q000235:genetics; D002462:Cell Membrane / Q000737:chemistry*; D019143:Evolution, Molecular; D005991:Glycerol Kinase / Q000235:genetics*; D005993:Glycerolphosphate Dehydrogenase / Q000235:genetics*; D010743:Phospholipids / Q000378:metabolism*; D010802:Phylogeny; D017386:Sequence Homology, Amino Acid
chemical_list: D010743:Phospholipids; D005993:Glycerolphosphate Dehydrogenase; C098215:glycerol-1-phosphate dehydrogenase; D005991:Glycerol Kinase