title: Marginal Adaptation and Quality of Interfaces in Lithium Disilicate Crowns - Influence of Manufacturing and Cementation Techniques.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate the cement line thickness and the interface quality in milled or injected lithium disilicate ceramic restorations and their influence on marginal adaptation using different cement types and different adhesive cementation techniques.
  
  
  METHODS
  Sixty-four bovine teeth were prepared for full crown restoration (7.0±0.5 mm in height, 8.0 mm in cervical diameter, and 4.2 mm in incisal diameter) and were divided into two groups: CAD/CAM automation technology, IPS e.max CAD (CAD), and isostatic injection by heat technology, IPS e.max Press (PRESS). RelyX ARC (ARC) and RelyX U200 resin cements were used as luting agents in two activation methods: initial self-activation and light pre-activation for one second (tack-cure). Next, the specimens were stored in distilled water at 23°C ± 2°C for 72 hours. The cement line thickness was measured in micrometers, and the interface quality received scores according to the characteristics and sealing aspects. The evaluations were performed with an optical microscope, and scanning electron microscope images were presented to demonstrate the various features found in the cement line. For the cement line thickness, data were analyzed with three-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) and the Games-Howell test (α=0.05). For the variable interface quality, the data were analyzed with the Mann-Whitney U-test, the Kruskal-Wallis test, and multiple comparisons nonparametric Dunn test (α=0.05).
  
  
  RESULTS
  The ANOVA presented statistical differences among the ceramic restoration manufacturing methods as well as a significant interaction between the manufacturing methods and types of cement (p<0.05). The U200 presented lower cement line thickness values when compared to the ARC with both cementation techniques (p<0.05). With regard to the interface quality, the Mann-Whitney U-test and the Kruskal-Wallis test demonstrated statistical differences between the ceramic restoration manufacturing methods and cementation techniques. The PRESS ceramics obtained lower scores than did the CAD ceramics when using ARC cement (p<0.05).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Milled restorations cemented with self-adhesive resin cement resulted in a thinner cement line that is statistically different from that of CAD or pressed ceramics cemented with resin cement with adhesive application. No difference between one-second tack-cure and self-activation was noted.
authors: C A
authors: CA
authors: Melo Freire
authors: G A
authors: GA
authors: Borges
authors: Dbm
authors: D
authors: Caldas
authors: R S
authors: RS
authors: Santos
authors: S A
authors: SA
authors: Ignácio
authors: R F
authors: RF
authors: Mazur
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D017438:Bisphenol A-Glycidyl Methacrylate; D002417:Cattle; D017076:Computer-Aided Design; D003442:Crowns; D018772:Dental Marginal Adaptation; D003776:Dental Porcelain / Q000737:chemistry*; D017267:Dental Prosthesis Design; D008855:Microscopy, Electron, Scanning; D011092:Polyethylene Glycols; D011109:Polymethacrylic Acids; D019279:Resin Cements / Q000737:chemistry*
chemical_list: C508050:IPS e.max Press; D011109:Polymethacrylic Acids; C462240:RelyX ARC; C587242:RelyX U200; D019279:Resin Cements; C493120:lithia disilicate; D003776:Dental Porcelain; D011092:Polyethylene Glycols; D017438:Bisphenol A-Glycidyl Methacrylate