title: Computer aided diagnosis of prostate cancer: A texton based approach.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  In this paper the authors propose a texton based prostate computer aided diagnosis approach which bypasses the typical feature extraction process such as filtering and convolution which can be computationally expensive. The study focuses the peripheral zone because 75% of prostate cancers start within this region and the majority of prostate cancers arising within this region are more aggressive than those arising in the transitional zone.
  
  
  METHODS
  For the model development, square patches were extracted at random locations from malignant and benign regions. Subsequently, extracted patches were aggregated and clustered using k-means clustering to generate textons that represent both regions. All textons together form a texton dictionary, which was used to construct a texton map for every peripheral zone in the training images. Based on the texton map, histogram models for each malignant and benign tissue samples were constructed and used as a feature vector to train our classifiers. In the testing phase, four machine learning algorithms were employed to classify each unknown sample tissue based on its corresponding feature vector.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The proposed method was tested on 418 T2-W MR images taken from 45 patients. Evaluation results show that the best three classifiers were Bayesian network (Az= 92.8% ± 5.9%), random forest (89.5% ± 7.1%), and k-NN (86.9% ± 7.5%). These results are comparable to the state-of-the-art in the literature.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The authors have developed a prostate computer aided diagnosis method based on textons using a single modality of T2-W MRI without the need for the typical feature extraction methods, such as filtering and convolution. The proposed method could form a solid basis for a multimodality magnetic resonance imaging based systems.
authors: Department of Computer Science, Aberystwyth University, Aberystwyth, Ceredigion SY23 3DB, United Kingdom.
authors: Andrik
authors: A
authors: Rampun
authors: Department of Computer Science, Aberystwyth University, Aberystwyth, Ceredigion SY23 3DB, United Kingdom.
authors: Bernie
authors: B
authors: Tiddeman
authors: Department of Computer Science, Aberystwyth University, Aberystwyth, Ceredigion SY23 3DB, United Kingdom.
authors: Reyer
authors: R
authors: Zwiggelaar
authors: Department of Radiology, Norfolk & Norwich University Hospital, Norwich NR4 7UY, United Kingdom.
authors: Paul
authors: P
authors: Malcolm
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000465:Algorithms; D001499:Bayes Theorem; D003936:Diagnosis, Computer-Assisted / Q000379:methods*; D006801:Humans; D007091:Image Processing, Computer-Assisted; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011471:Prostatic Neoplasms / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging