title: Biofilm behavior on sulfonated poly(ether-ether-ketone) (sPEEK).
abstract: Poly(ether-ether-ketone) (PEEK) has also shown to be very attractive for incorporating therapeutic compounds thanks to a sulfonation process which modifies the material structure resulting in a sulfonated-PEEK (sPEEK). Concerning biomedical applications, the objective of this work was to evaluate the influence of different sulfonation degree of sPEEK on the biofilm growth. PEEK samples were functionalized by using sulphuric acid (98%) and then dissolved into dimethyl-sulfoxide. A dip coating technique was used to synthesize sPEEK thin films. The sulfonation degree of the materials was analyzed by FT-IR, H NMR, TG and IEC. The surfaces were characterized by scanning electron microscopy, profilometry and contact angle analyses. Subsequently, the biofilm formation on sulfonated-PEEK based on Streptococcus mutans and Enterococcus faecalis was measured by spectrophotometry, colony forming units (CFUmL-1) and SEM. Results obtained from thermal and chemical analyses showed an intensification in sulfonation degree for sPEEK at 2 and 2.5h. The E. faecalis or S. mutans biofilm growth revealed statistically significant differences (p<0.05) between 2 and 3h sulfonation groups. A significant decrease (p<0.05) in CFUmL-1was recorded for S. mutans or E. faecalis biofilm grown on 2.5 or 3h sPEEK. Regarding the thermal-chemical and microbiologic analyses, the sulfonation degree of sPEEK ranging from 2 up to 3h was successful capable to decrease the biofilm growth. That revealed an alternative strategy to embed anti-biofilm and therapeutic compounds into PEEK avoiding infections in biomedical applications.
authors: Center for Research on Dental Implants (CEPID), School of Dentistry (ODT), Federal University of Santa Catarina (UFSC), Florianópolis, SC 88040-900, Brazil.
authors: Juan F D
authors: JF
authors: Montero
authors: Department of Mechanical Engineering (EMC), Federal University of Santa Catarina (UFSC), Florianópolis, SC 88040-900, Brazil.
authors: Henrique A
authors: HA
authors: Tajiri
authors: Department of Mechanical Engineering (EMC), Federal University of Santa Catarina (UFSC), Florianópolis, SC 88040-900, Brazil.
authors: Guilherme M O
authors: GM
authors: Barra
authors: Department of Mechanical Engineering (EMC), Federal University of Santa Catarina (UFSC), Florianópolis, SC 88040-900, Brazil.
authors: Márcio C
authors: MC
authors: Fredel
authors: Center for Research on Dental Implants (CEPID), School of Dentistry (ODT), Federal University of Santa Catarina (UFSC), Florianópolis, SC 88040-900, Brazil.
authors: Cesar A M
authors: CA
authors: Benfatti
authors: Center for Research on Dental Implants (CEPID), School of Dentistry (ODT), Federal University of Santa Catarina (UFSC), Florianópolis, SC 88040-900, Brazil.
authors: Ricardo S
authors: RS
authors: Magini
authors: Integrated Laboratories Technologies (InteLAB), Dept. Chemical Engineering (EQA), Federal University of Santa Catarina (UFSC), Florianópolis, SC 88040-970, Brazil(1); Department of Biologie, Université de Cergy Pontoise, 2, Av. Adolphe Chauvin, 95302 Cergy Pontoise, France(2).
authors: Andréa L
authors: AL
authors: Pimenta
authors: Center for Research on Dental Implants (CEPID), School of Dentistry (ODT), Federal University of Santa Catarina (UFSC), Florianópolis, SC 88040-900, Brazil; Center for Microelectromechanical Systems (CMEMS), Dept. Mechanical Engineering (DEM), Campus Azurém, 4800-058 Guimarães, Portugal. Electronic address: julio.c.m.souza@ufsc.br.
authors: Júlio C M
authors: JC
authors: Souza
mesh_terms: D001577:Benzophenones; D018441:Biofilms / Q000187:drug effects*; D013293:Enterococcus faecalis / Q000187:drug effects; D007659:Ketones / Q000494:pharmacology*; D009682:Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; D008855:Microscopy, Electron, Scanning; D010933:Plankton / Q000187:drug effects / Q000254:growth & development; D011092:Polyethylene Glycols / Q000494:pharmacology*; D011108:Polymers; D017550:Spectroscopy, Fourier Transform Infrared; D013295:Streptococcus mutans / Q000187:drug effects; D013451:Sulfonic Acids / Q000494:pharmacology*; D013818:Thermogravimetry
chemical_list: D001577:Benzophenones; D007659:Ketones; D011108:Polymers; D013451:Sulfonic Acids; C063834:polyetheretherketone; D011092:Polyethylene Glycols
keywords: Biofilm; Enterococcus faecalis; PEEK; Streptococcus mutans; sPEEK