title: Identifying psychosocial predictors of medication non-adherence following acute coronary syndrome: A systematic review and meta-analysis.
abstract: Medication non-adherence following acute coronary syndrome (ACS) is associated with poor clinical outcomes. A systematic review and meta-analysis were undertaken to identify psychosocial factors associated with medication adherence in patients with ACS.
  
  
  
  A search of electronic databases (Cochrane Library, Medline, EMBASE, PsycINFO, Web of Science, International Pharmaceutical Abstracts, CINAHL, ASSIA, OpenGrey, EthOS and WorldCat) was undertaken to identify relevant articles published in English between 2000 and 2014. Articles were screened against our inclusion criteria and data on study design, sample characteristics, predictors, outcomes, analyses, key findings and study limitations were abstracted.
  
  
  
  Our search identified 3609 records, of which 17 articles met our inclusion criteria (15 independent studies). Eight out of ten studies found an association between depression and non-adherence. A meta-analysis revealed that depressed patients were twice as likely to be non-adherent compared to patients without depression (OR=2.00, 95% CI 1.57-3.33, p=0.015). Type D personality was found to predict non-adherence in both studies in which it was measured. Three out of three studies reported that treatment beliefs based on the Necessity-Concerns Framework predicted medication non-adherence and there was some evidence that social support was associated with better adherence. There was insufficient data to meta-analyse all other psychosocial factors identified.
  
  
  
  There was some evidence that psychosocial factors, particularly depression, were associated with medication adherence following ACS. Targeting depressive symptoms, screening for Type D personality, challenging maladaptive treatment beliefs, and providing better social support for patients may be useful strategies to improve medication adherence.
authors: Institute of Pharmaceutical Science, King's College London, London, UK. Electronic address: jacob.crawshaw@kcl.ac.uk.
authors: Jacob
authors: J
authors: Crawshaw
authors: Institute of Pharmaceutical Science, King's College London, London, UK.
authors: Vivian
authors: V
authors: Auyeung
authors: Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK.
authors: Sam
authors: S
authors: Norton
authors: Institute of Pharmaceutical Science, King's College London, London, UK.
authors: John
authors: J
authors: Weinman
mesh_terms: D054058:Acute Coronary Syndrome / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000523:psychology*; D016208:Databases, Factual / Q000639:trends; D003863:Depression / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000523:psychology; D006801:Humans; D055118:Medication Adherence / Q000523:psychology*; D011237:Predictive Value of Tests; D011584:Psychology; D064415:Type D Personality
keywords: Acute coronary syndrome; Depression; Medication adherence; Meta-analysis; Psychosocial factors; Systematic review