title: Proximal femur prosthetic interposition arthroplasty for painful dislocated hips in children with cerebral palsy.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Children with cerebral palsy often have musculoskeletal disorders involving the hip. There are several procedures that are commonly used to treat these disorders. Proximal femur prosthetic interposition arthroplasty (PFIA) is an option for non-ambulatory children with cerebral palsy who have a painful, spastic dislocated hip. The purpose of our study was to evaluate the results of PFIA by examining treatment outcomes, complications, and overall effects on the child and their caregiver.
  
  
  METHODS
  Charts were reviewed over a 5-year period at our institution. The focus of the data collection was pain, range of motion (ROM), and overall clinical outcome. Clinical outcome was graded as excellent, good, fair, and poor. Length of follow-up, presence of heterotopic ossification, femoral prosthesis migration, and information provided by competed caregiver questionnaires were analyzed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A total of 16 hips in 12 patients met the inclusion criteria. Average age at time of surgery was 12 years 1.2 months. Average follow-up was 40.4 months. Three hips required revision surgery. Average time before revision surgery was 16 months. Overall outcomes were excellent/good for seven hips and fair/poor for nine. Pain outcomes were excellent/good for nine hips and fair/good for seven. ROM outcomes were excellent/good for nine hips and fair/poor for seven. The majority of caregivers surveyed would recommend this procedure.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Clinical evaluation of the effectiveness of PFIA yielded variable results with this cohort of children with regards to pain and range of motion. Despite these varied results, the majority of caregivers were satisfied with the outcome and would recommend PFIA. PFIA is a salvage option for the painful, spastic dislocated hip, but significant evidence to prove its effectiveness over other salvage procedures is lacking. Based on our results, we conclude that PFIA has the ability to benefit children with cerebral palsy with an acceptable risk profile similar to that reported in recent publications. Level of evidence IV; retrospective case-series.
authors: Orthopedic Department, Riverside University Health System, 26520 Cactus Avenue, Moreno Valley, CA, 92555, USA. asilverio35@gmail.com.|Children's Hospital of Orange County, Orange, CA, USA. asilverio35@gmail.com.
authors: Anthony L
authors: http://orcid.org/0000-0003-0871-2048
authors: AL
authors: Silverio
authors: Orthopedic Department, Riverside University Health System, 26520 Cactus Avenue, Moreno Valley, CA, 92555, USA.|Children's Hospital of Orange County, Orange, CA, USA.
authors: Shawn V
authors: SV
authors: Nguyen
authors: Orthopedic Department, Riverside University Health System, 26520 Cactus Avenue, Moreno Valley, CA, 92555, USA.|Children's Hospital of Orange County, Orange, CA, USA.|Adult & Pediatric Orthopedic Specialists, 1310 West Stewart Drive, Suite 508, Orange, CA, 92868, USA.
authors: John A
authors: JA
authors: Schlechter
authors: Children's Hospital of Orange County, Orange, CA, USA.|Adult & Pediatric Orthopedic Specialists, 1310 West Stewart Drive, Suite 508, Orange, CA, 92868, USA.
authors: Samuel R
authors: SR
authors: Rosenfeld
keywords: Cerebral palsy; Hip dislocation; Interpositional arthroplasty; Proximal femur arthroplasty; Spasticity