title: High-speed Videolaryngoscopy: Quantitative Parameters of Glottal Area Waveforms and High-speed Kymography in Healthy Individuals.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  We conducted a study to obtain quantitative parameters of the vocal dynamic using high-speed videolaryngoscopy and to characterize the vocal fold vibration pattern of healthy individuals by analyzing glottal area waveforms and high-speed kymography.
  
  
  METHODS
  Laryngeal images of 45 healthy individuals were captured using high-speed videolaryngoscopy. The open and speed quotients of the glottal area waveforms and high-speed kymography were obtained and statistically analyzed according to the gender of each individual.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Glottal area waveforms revealed average values of 0.85 and 1.16 for open and speed quotients, respectively, for women, and 0.70 and 1.19 for men. Using high-speed kymography, quantitative parameters of open and speed quotients for women were 0.62 and 1.02, respectively, and for men were 0.57 and 1.12. By gender, a significant statistical difference emerged for open quotients obtained from both glottal area waveforms (P = 0.004) and high-speed kymography (P = 0.013).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Obtained by using computational tools specifically for analyzing laryngeal images from high-speed videolaryngoscopy, quantitative parameters of glottal area waveforms and high-speed kymography in healthy individuals provide reference data and normality for future studies.
authors: Interunits Graduate Program in Bioengineering, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Carlos, Sao Paulo, Brazil. Electronic address: moniketsutsumi@usp.br.
authors: Monike
authors: M
authors: Tsutsumi
authors: Institute of Mathematics and Computer Science, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Carlos, Sao Paulo, Brazil.
authors: Seiji
authors: S
authors: Isotani
authors: Interunits Graduate Program in Bioengineering, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Carlos, Sao Paulo, Brazil.
authors: Regina Aparecida
authors: RA
authors: Pimenta
authors: Department of Electrical Engineering, Federal University of Technology of Parana, Cornelio Procopio, Parana, Brazil.
authors: Maria Eugenia
authors: ME
authors: Dajer
authors: Department of Otorhynolaryngology, Sao Paulo University School of Medicine, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil.
authors: Adriana
authors: A
authors: Hachiya
authors: Department of Otorhynolaryngology, Sao Paulo University School of Medicine, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil.
authors: Domingos Hiroshi
authors: DH
authors: Tsuji
authors: Department of Otolaryngology and Tracheo-esophagology, The National Center for Global Health and Medicine, Tokyo, Japan.
authors: Niro
authors: N
authors: Tayama
authors: Department of Otolaryngology, The Tokyo Metropolitan Police Hospital, Tokyo, Japan.
authors: Hisayuki
authors: H
authors: Yokonishi
authors: Department of Otolaryngology, The University of Tokyo Hospital, Tokyo, Japan.
authors: Hiroshi
authors: H
authors: Imagawa
authors: Department of Otolaryngology, The University of Tokyo Hospital, Tokyo, Japan.
authors: Akihito
authors: A
authors: Yamauchi
authors: Department of Otolaryngology and Tracheo-esophagology, The National Center for Global Health and Medicine, Tokyo, Japan.
authors: Shingo
authors: S
authors: Takano
authors: Department of Communication Disorders, The Health Sciences University of Hokkaido, Ishikari-gun, Hokkaido, Japan.
authors: Ken-Ichi
authors: KI
authors: Sakakibara
authors: Department of Electrical Engineering, Federal University of Sao Carlos, Sao Carlos, Sao Paulo, Brazil.
authors: Arlindo Neto
authors: AN
authors: Montagnoli
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D001696:Biomechanical Phenomena; D001938:Brazil; D005260:Female; D005931:Glottis / Q000033:anatomy & histology / Q000502:physiology*; D064368:Healthy Volunteers; D006801:Humans; D007090:Image Interpretation, Computer-Assisted; D007734:Kymography / Q000592:standards; D007828:Laryngoscopy / Q000592:standards; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010699:Phonation; D011237:Predictive Value of Tests; D012015:Reference Standards; D012737:Sex Factors; D013997:Time Factors; D014732:Vibration; D014741:Video Recording / Q000592:standards; D014827:Vocal Cords / Q000033:anatomy & histology / Q000502:physiology*; D055815:Young Adult
keywords: Brazilian population; Glottal area waveforms; Healthy individuals; High-speed kymography; High-speed videolaryngoscopy