title: Design and evaluation of a miniature laser speckle imaging device to assess gingival health.
abstract: Current methods used to assess gingivitis are qualitative and subjective. We hypothesized that gingival perfusion measurements could provide a quantitative metric of disease severity. We constructed a compact laser speckle imaging (LSI) system that could be mounted in custom-made oral molds. Rigid fixation of the LSI system in the oral cavity enabled measurement of blood flow in the gingiva. In vitro validation performed in controlled flow phantoms demonstrated that the compact LSI system had comparable accuracy and linearity compared to a conventional bench-top LSI setup. In vivo validation demonstrated that the compact LSI system was capable of measuring expected blood flow dynamics during a standard postocclusive reactive hyperemia and that the compact LSI system could be used to measure gingival blood flow repeatedly without significant variation in measured blood flow values (p<0.05). Finally, compact LSI system measurements were collected from the interdental papilla of nine subjects and compared to a clinical assessment of gingival bleeding on probing. A statistically significant correlation (?=0.53; p<0.005) was found between these variables, indicating that quantitative gingival perfusion measurements performed using our system may aid in the diagnosis and prognosis of periodontal disease.
authors: University of California, Irvine, Department of Biomedical Engineering, 3120 Natural Sciences II, Irvine, California 92697, United StatesbUniversity of California, Irvine, Beckman Laser Institute, 1002 Health Sciences Road East, Irvine, California 92612, United States.
authors: Caitlin
authors: C
authors: Regan
authors: University of California, Irvine, Beckman Laser Institute, 1002 Health Sciences Road East, Irvine, California 92612, United States.
authors: Sean M
authors: SM
authors: White
authors: University of California, Irvine, Beckman Laser Institute, 1002 Health Sciences Road East, Irvine, California 92612, United States.
authors: Bruce Y
authors: BY
authors: Yang
authors: University of California, Irvine, Beckman Laser Institute, 1002 Health Sciences Road East, Irvine, California 92612, United States.
authors: Thair
authors: T
authors: Takesh
authors: University of California, Irvine, Beckman Laser Institute, 1002 Health Sciences Road East, Irvine, California 92612, United States.
authors: Jessica
authors: J
authors: Ho
authors: Concorde Career College, 12951 Euclid Street, Garden Grove, California 92840, United States.
authors: Cherie
authors: C
authors: Wink
authors: University of California, Irvine, Beckman Laser Institute, 1002 Health Sciences Road East, Irvine, California 92612, United StatesdUniversity of California, Irvine Medical Center, Department of Surgery, 333 City Boulevard West, Suite 700, Orange, California 92868, United States.
authors: Petra
authors: P
authors: Wilder-Smith
authors: University of California, Irvine, Department of Biomedical Engineering, 3120 Natural Sciences II, Irvine, California 92697, United StatesbUniversity of California, Irvine, Beckman Laser Institute, 1002 Health Sciences Road East, Irvine, California 92612, United StatesdUniversity of California, Irvine Medical Center, Department of Surgery, 333 City Boulevard West, Suite 700, Orange, California 92868, United StateseUniversity of California, Irvine, Edwards Lifesciences Center for Advanced Cardiovascular Technology, 2400 Engineering Hall, Irvine, California 92697, United StatesfCHOC Children's Hospital, 1201 West La Veta Avenue, Orange, California 92868, United States.
authors: Bernard
authors: B
authors: Choi
mesh_terms: D000465:Algorithms; D003952:Diagnostic Imaging / Q000379:methods*; D005881:Gingiva / Q000098:blood supply* / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D005891:Gingivitis / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D006801:Humans; D007090:Image Interpretation, Computer-Assisted / Q000379:methods*; D017078:Laser-Doppler Flowmetry; D008029:Lighting; D008954:Models, Biological; D019047:Phantoms, Imaging; D012039:Regional Blood Flow; D015203:Reproducibility of Results