title: Immunotherapy for Lung Malignancies: From Gene Sequencing to Novel Therapies.
abstract: Harnessing the immune system to fight cancer is an exciting advancement in lung cancer therapy. Antitumor immunity can be augmented by checkpoint blockade therapy, which removes the inhibition/brakes imposed on the immune system by the tumor. Checkpoint blockade therapy with anti-programmed cell death protein 1 (anti-PD-1)/anti-programmed death ligand 1 (anti-PDL-1) antibodies causes tumor regression in about 25% of patients with lung cancer. In another approach, the immune system is forced or accelerated to attack the tumor through augmentation of the antitumor response against mutations carried by each lung tumor. This latter approach has become feasible since the advent of next-generation sequencing technology, which allows identification of the specific mutations that each individual lung tumor bears. Indeed lung cancers are now known to have high mutation rates, making them logical targets for mutation-directed immune therapies. We review how sequencing of lung cancer mutations leads to better understanding of how the immune system recognizes tumors, providing improved opportunities to track antitumor immunity and ultimately leading to the development of personalized vaccine strategies aimed at unleashing the host immune system to attack mutations in the tumor.
authors: National Centre of Asbestos Related Diseases, School of Medicine and Pharmacology, University of Western Australia; Perth, Western Australia, Australia.
authors: Jonathan
authors: J
authors: Chee
authors: National Centre of Asbestos Related Diseases, School of Medicine and Pharmacology, University of Western Australia; Perth, Western Australia, Australia; Sir Charles Gairdner Hospital, Nedlands, Western Australia, Australia. Electronic address: bruce.robinson@uwa.edu.au.
authors: Bruce W S
authors: BW
authors: Robinson
authors: BC Cancer Agency, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada; Department of Medical Genetics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada; Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, British Columbia, Canada.
authors: Robert A
authors: RA
authors: Holt
authors: National Centre of Asbestos Related Diseases, School of Medicine and Pharmacology, University of Western Australia; Perth, Western Australia, Australia; Sir Charles Gairdner Hospital, Nedlands, Western Australia, Australia.
authors: Jenette
authors: J
authors: Creaney
mesh_terms: D000951:Antigens, Neoplasm / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology; D019496:Cancer Vaccines / Q000276:immunology; D006801:Humans; D007167:Immunotherapy; D008175:Lung Neoplasms / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology / Q000628:therapy*; D009154:Mutation / Q000276:immunology; D057170:Translational Research, Biomedical
chemical_list: D000951:Antigens, Neoplasm; D019496:Cancer Vaccines
keywords: gene sequencing; immunology; immunotherapy; tumor mutations