title: Hypotestosterone and Long-Term Opioid Use.
abstract: Questions from patients about pain conditions and analgesic pharmacotherapy and responses from authors are presented to help educate patients and make them more effective self-advocates. The effects of long-term opioid use on testosterone production, associated comorbidities, and medication-based and natural testosterone replacement therapies are considered.
authors: Michael A
authors: MA
authors: Lankhorst
mesh_terms: D000701:Analgesics, Opioid / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects*; D059350:Chronic Pain / Q000188:drug therapy*; D020249:Hormone Replacement Therapy / Q000379:methods; D006801:Humans; D013739:Testosterone / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000097:blood* / Q000172:deficiency
chemical_list: D000701:Analgesics, Opioid; D013739:Testosterone
keywords: chronic pain; hormone replacement therapy; hypotestosteronism; methadone; opioids; testosterone