title: Influence of bioadhesive polymers on the protective effect of fluoride against erosion.
abstract: This study investigated if the incorporation of the bioadhesive polymers Carbopol 980, Carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC), and Aristoflex AVC in a fluoridated solution (NaF-900ppm) would increase the solution's protective effect against enamel erosion.
  
  
  
  Enamel specimens were submitted to a 5-day de-remineralization cycling model, consisting of 2min immersions in 0.3% citric acid (6x/day), 1min treatments with the polymers (associated or not with fluoride), and 60min storage in artificial saliva. Ultrapure water was used as the negative control and a 900ppm fluoride solution as positive control. The initial Knoop microhardness (KHN1) was used to randomize the samples into groups. Another two microhardness assessments were performed after the first (KHN2) and second (KHN3) acid immersions, to determine initial erosion in the first day. The formula: %KHNalt=[(KHN3-KHN2)/KHN2]*100 was used to define the protective effect of the treatments. After the 5-day cycling, surface loss (SL, in μm) was evaluated with profilometry. Data were analyzed with 2-way ANOVA and Tukey's tests (p<0.05).
  
  
  
  For %KHNalt, the polymers alone did not reduce enamel demineralization when compared to the negative control, but Carbopol associated with NaF significantly improved its protective effect. The profilometric analysis showed that Carbopol, associated or not with NaF, exhibited the lowest SL, while CMC and Aristoflex did not exhibit a protective effect, nor were they able to improve the protection of NaF.
  
  
  
  It is concluded that Carbopol enhanced NaF's protection against initial erosion. Carbopol alone or associated with NaF was able to reduce SL after several erosive challenges.
  
  
  
  Carbopol by itself was able to reduce the erosive wear magnitude to the same extent as the sodium fluoride, therefore, is a promising agent to prevent or control enamel erosion.
authors: Department of Restorative Dentistry, Institute of Science and Technology, São Paulo State University-UNESP, São Paulo, Brazil. Electronic address: daniele.avila@ict.unesp.br.
authors: Daniele Mara da Silva
authors: DM
authors: Ávila
authors: Department of Restorative Dentistry, Institute of Science and Technology, São Paulo State University-UNESP, São Paulo, Brazil. Electronic address: rayssa.zanatta@ict.unesp.br.
authors: Rayssa Ferreira
authors: RF
authors: Zanatta
authors: Department of Restorative Dentistry, São Paulo University-USP, São Paulo, Brazil. Electronic address: tais.sca@usp.br.
authors: Tais
authors: T
authors: Scaramucci
authors: Department of Chemical Engineering, Polytechnic School, São Paulo University-USP, São Paulo, Brazil. Electronic address: idavaoki@usp.br.
authors: Idalina Vieira
authors: IV
authors: Aoki
authors: Department of Restorative Dentistry, Institute of Science and Technology, São Paulo State University-UNESP, São Paulo, Brazil. Electronic address: carlosrgt@ict.unesp.br.
authors: Carlos Rocha Gomes
authors: CR
authors: Torres
authors: Department of Restorative Dentistry, Institute of Science and Technology, São Paulo State University-UNESP, São Paulo, Brazil. Electronic address: alessandra@ict.unesp.br.
authors: Alessandra Bühler
authors: AB
authors: Borges
mesh_terms: D000180:Acrylic Resins / Q000494:pharmacology; D000269:Adhesives; D000818:Animals; D002266:Carboxymethylcellulose Sodium / Q000494:pharmacology; D002417:Cattle; D019343:Citric Acid / Q000009:adverse effects; D003743:Dental Enamel / Q000187:drug effects; D005459:Fluorides / Q000032:analysis / Q000493:pharmacokinetics*; D006244:Hardness; D006863:Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; D007180:Incisor / Q000187:drug effects; D008422:Materials Testing; D008855:Microscopy, Electron, Scanning; D010710:Phosphates; D011108:Polymers / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology*; D012464:Saliva, Artificial / Q000494:pharmacology; D012969:Sodium Fluoride / Q000032:analysis / Q000494:pharmacology*; D013499:Surface Properties; D017001:Tooth Demineralization; D014077:Tooth Erosion / Q000473:pathology / Q000517:prevention & control*
chemical_list: D000180:Acrylic Resins; D000269:Adhesives; D010710:Phosphates; D011108:Polymers; D012464:Saliva, Artificial; C479038:carbomer; C012980:fluorophosphate; D019343:Citric Acid; D012969:Sodium Fluoride; D002266:Carboxymethylcellulose Sodium; D005459:Fluorides
keywords: Dental erosion; Enamel; Fluoride; Microhardness; Polymers; Profilometry