title: Does the Badal optometer stimulate accommodation accurately?
abstract: To study whether the accommodation response to Badal optometer is equivalent to the response for real space targets.
  
  
  
  Accommodative responses were measured for 28 young eyes with the WAM-5500 autorefractometer in eight configurations for 0.17 D, 2.0 D and 5.0 D accommodation stimuli. Parameters that might contribute to differences in response were systematically isolated: stimulation method (real space vs Badal targets), field of view, instrument's cover proximity, the looming effect, and the peripheral interposition of objects in depth.
  
  
  
  Mean accommodative response differences between a natural view configuration and a configuration with a Badal Optometer were 0.50 ± 0.43 D and 0.58 ± 0.53 D for 2.0 D and 5.0 D stimulation, respectively (p < 0.001), with accommodation lags for the latter condition. Of the isolated parameters that might contribute to these differences, varying the interposition of objects in depth affected accommodation response more markedly.
  
  
  
  It is likely that Badal optometers affect accommodation through a combination of some or all of the studied parameters. We conclude that accommodation response to closed-view Badal optometers is not equivalent to real space target response.
authors: Davalor Research Center (DRC), Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya, Terrassa, Spain.|Centre for Sensors, Instruments, and Systems Development (CD6), Universitat Politecnica de Catalunya (UPC), Terrassa, Spain.
authors: Mikel
authors: M
authors: Aldaba
authors: Davalor Research Center (DRC), Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya, Terrassa, Spain.|Centre for Sensors, Instruments, and Systems Development (CD6), Universitat Politecnica de Catalunya (UPC), Terrassa, Spain.
authors: Carles
authors: C
authors: Otero
authors: Davalor Research Center (DRC), Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya, Terrassa, Spain.|Centre for Sensors, Instruments, and Systems Development (CD6), Universitat Politecnica de Catalunya (UPC), Terrassa, Spain.
authors: Jaume
authors: J
authors: Pujol
authors: Institute of Health & Biomedical Innovation and School of Optometry & Vision Science, Queensland University of Technology, Kelvin Grove, Australia.
authors: David A
authors: DA
authors: Atchison
mesh_terms: D000065:Accommodation, Ocular / Q000502:physiology*; D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008433:Mathematics; D055095:Optics and Photonics; D009907:Optometry / Q000295:instrumentation*; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D055815:Young Adult
keywords: Badal optometer; accommodation; closed-view; instrument accommodation; open-view; real space