title: Five-Year Single Center Experience for Retroperitoneoscopic Ureterolithotomy.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Narrow working space is a major problem to overcome during retroperitoneoscopic ureterolithotomy. We evaluated initial 5 years experience of retroperitoneoscopic ureterolithotomy for large impacted upper ureteral calculi.
  
  
  METHODS
  Between January 2011 and December 2015, a total of 37 consecutive patients were evaluated. A 12-mm camera port at middle of midaxillary line and two 5-mm working ports in posterior axillary line were created. The stone was extracted through the site of camera trocar. A Double-J catheter (DJC) was placed antegradely by four steps (elevating of the proximal shaft, introducing the end of curl, advancing, and twisting) during retroperitoneoscopic ureterolithotomy. A knotless unidirectional barbed suture was applied to the incision site of the ureter in all cases. All patients were followed up at 2 weeks after discharge to remove a DJC and at 6 weeks after discharge to evaluate urinary drainage with intravenous urography.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The mean ± standard deviation for age (years), body mass index (kg/m2), stone size (mm), and postoperative hospital days were 57.9 ± 13.3, 24.6 ± 4.5, 15.5 ± 4.0, and 3.2 ± 1.2, respectively. Stones were successively removed without critical complications such as ureteral stricture in all cases. Total operation time, the time for placing a DJC, and ureteral suturing time at initial three trials were more than 150 minutes, more than 30 minutes, and about 15 minutes, respectively; however, they were about 60 minutes, less than 10 minutes, and about 5 minutes, respectively, in 25 case experiences.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Retroperitoneoscopic ureterolithotomy is a safe and excellent alternative for large impacted upper ureter stone. When performing retroperitoneoscopic ureterolithotomy in the narrow space, our step by step methods, including working port creation, DJC placement, and suturing, will be helpful for surgeons to learn the procedure easily.
authors: 1 Department of Surgery, St. Vincent's Hospital, The Catholic University of Korea , College of Medicine, Suwon, South Korea .
authors: Yong Sung
authors: YS
authors: Won
authors: 2 Department of Urology, St. Vincent's Hospital, The Catholic University of Korea , College of Medicine, Suwon, South Korea .
authors: Seung-Ju
authors: SJ
authors: Lee
authors: 2 Department of Urology, St. Vincent's Hospital, The Catholic University of Korea , College of Medicine, Suwon, South Korea .
authors: Hee Youn
authors: HY
authors: Kim
authors: 2 Department of Urology, St. Vincent's Hospital, The Catholic University of Korea , College of Medicine, Suwon, South Korea .
authors: Dong Sup
authors: DS
authors: Lee
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D057785:Catheters; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D010535:Laparoscopy / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods*; D007902:Length of Stay; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D061646:Operative Time; D011184:Postoperative Period; D013537:Sutures; D014514:Ureteral Calculi / Q000601:surgery*
keywords: calculi; catheters; retroperitoneoscopy; suture; trocar