title: A Combinational Strategy upon RNA Sequencing and Peptidomics Unravels a Set of Novel Toxin Peptides in Scorpion Mesobuthus martensii.
abstract: Scorpion venom is deemed to contain many toxic peptides as an important source of natural compounds. Out of the two hundred proteins identiﬁed in Mesobuthus martensii (M. martensii), only a few peptide toxins have been found so far. Herein, a combinational approach based upon RNA sequencing and Liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry/mass spectrometry (LC MS/MS) was employed to explore the venom peptides in M. martensii. A total of 153 proteins were identiﬁed from the scorpion venom, 26 previously known and 127 newly identiﬁed. Of the novel toxins, 97 proteins exhibited sequence similarities to known toxins, and 30 were never reported. Combining peptidomic and transcriptomic analyses, the peptide sequence of BmKKx1 was reannotated and four disulﬁde bridges were conﬁrmed within it. In light of the comparison of conservation and variety of toxin amino acid sequences, highly conserved and variable regions were perceived in 24 toxins that were parts of two sodium channel and two potassium channel toxins families. Taking all of this evidences together, the peptidomic analysis on M. martensii indeed identiﬁed numerous novel scorpion peptides, expanded our knowledge towards the venom diversity, and afforded a set of pharmaceutical candidates.
authors: Life Sciences College of Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, Jiangsu, China. 15996268076@163.com.
authors: Ning
authors: N
authors: Luan
authors: Life Sciences College of Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, Jiangsu, China. shenwangzs@163.com.
authors: Wang
authors: W
authors: Shen
authors: BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen 518083, China. liujie8@genomics.cn.|China National GeneBank-Shenzhen, BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518083, China. liujie8@genomics.cn.
authors: Jie
authors: J
authors: Liu
authors: BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen 518083, China. wenbo@genomics.cn.|China National GeneBank-Shenzhen, BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518083, China. wenbo@genomics.cn.
authors: Bo
authors: B
authors: Wen
authors: BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen 518083, China. linzhilong@genomics.cn.|China National GeneBank-Shenzhen, BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518083, China. linzhilong@genomics.cn.
authors: Zhilong
authors: Z
authors: Lin
authors: Key Laboratory of Animal Models and Human Disease Mechanisms of Chinese Academy of Sciences & Yunnan Province, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Kunming 650223, Yunnan, China. yslzoology@163.com.|United Laboratory of Natural Peptide of University of Science and Technology of China & Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Science, Kunming 650223, Yunnan, China. yslzoology@163.com.|Sino-African Joint Research Center, Chinese Academy of Science, Wuhan 430074, Hubei, China. yslzoology@163.com.
authors: Shilong
authors: S
authors: Yang
authors: Life Sciences College of Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, Jiangsu, China. rlai@mail.kiz.ac.cn.|Key Laboratory of Animal Models and Human Disease Mechanisms of Chinese Academy of Sciences & Yunnan Province, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Kunming 650223, Yunnan, China. rlai@mail.kiz.ac.cn.|United Laboratory of Natural Peptide of University of Science and Technology of China & Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Science, Kunming 650223, Yunnan, China. rlai@mail.kiz.ac.cn.|Sino-African Joint Research Center, Chinese Academy of Science, Wuhan 430074, Hubei, China. rlai@mail.kiz.ac.cn.
authors: Ren
authors: R
authors: Lai
authors: BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen 518083, China. siqiliu@genomics.cn.|China National GeneBank-Shenzhen, BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518083, China. siqiliu@genomics.cn.
authors: Siqi
authors: S
authors: Liu
authors: Key Laboratory of Animal Models and Human Disease Mechanisms of Chinese Academy of Sciences & Yunnan Province, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Kunming 650223, Yunnan, China. rongmingqiang@mail.kiz.ac.cn.|United Laboratory of Natural Peptide of University of Science and Technology of China & Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Science, Kunming 650223, Yunnan, China. rongmingqiang@mail.kiz.ac.cn.|Sino-African Joint Research Center, Chinese Academy of Science, Wuhan 430074, Hubei, China. rongmingqiang@mail.kiz.ac.cn.
authors: Mingqiang
authors: M
authors: Rong
mesh_terms: D000595:Amino Acid Sequence; D000818:Animals; D060829:Arthropod Proteins / Q000737:chemistry*; D002853:Chromatography, Liquid; D010455:Peptides / Q000737:chemistry*; D012604:Scorpion Venoms / Q000737:chemistry*; D012605:Scorpions; D017423:Sequence Analysis, RNA; D017386:Sequence Homology, Amino Acid; D053719:Tandem Mass Spectrometry; D014118:Toxins, Biological / Q000737:chemistry*
chemical_list: D060829:Arthropod Proteins; D010455:Peptides; D012604:Scorpion Venoms; D014118:Toxins, Biological
keywords: diversity; peptidomics; scorpion; toxins