title: Association of medications for lifestyle-related diseases with reflux esophagitis.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Because of a change in lifestyle, especially adoption of westernized eating habits, lifestyle-related diseases have become increasingly prevalent. The aim of this study was to investigate the association of medications for lifestyle-related diseases with reflux esophagitis (RE).
  
  
  METHODS
  We conducted a hospital-based, cross-sectional retrospective study of consecutive outpatients who received an upper gastrointestinal endoscopy in our department from February 2008 to November 2014, which was performed by one specialist who was a member of the Japan Gastroenterological Endoscopy Society. We investigated the patient profile,Helicobacter pylori(H. pylori) infection status, medications for lifestyle-related diseases (including calcium channel blockers, statins, and bisphosphonates), and upper gastrointestinal endoscopic findings (RE, hiatal hernia, Barrett's mucosa, and endoscopic gastric mucosal atrophy [EGA]). Patients with gastrectomy, peptic ulcer disease, gastric or esophageal malignant disease, and those who used proton pump inhibitors or histamine-2 receptor antagonists were excluded. We divided the subjects into a group without RE (RE(-)) and a RE (RE(+)) group as judged by endoscopy, and investigated the risk factors for RE.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Of 1,744 consecutive cases, 590 cases (300 males and 290 females; mean age 60.5±13.2 years) were eligible. RE(-) and RE(+) cases numbered 507 and 83, respectively. Bivariate analysis showed significant positive associations of RE with male sex, body mass index (BMI), calcium channel blockers, Barrett's mucosa, hiatal hernia and negative associations of RE withH. pyloripositivity, EGA. Multivariate analysis showed significant positive associations of RE with BMI (odds ratio [OR]: 1.20, 95% confidence interval [95% CI]: 1.10-1.29), use of calcium channel blockers (OR: 2.12, 95% CI: 1.16-3.87), Barrett's mucosa (OR: 2.97, 95% CI: 01.64-5.38), hiatal hernia (OR: 3.13, 95% CI: 1.79-5.47) and negative associations of RE withH. pyloripositivity (OR: 0.20, 95% CI: 0.07-0.57), use of statins (OR: 0.42, 95% CI: 0.18-0.96), and EGA (OR: 0.83, 95% CI: 0.70-0.98).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Calcium channel blockers were positively associated with RE and statins were negatively associated with RE, while bisphosphonates were not associated with RE.
authors: Department of Gastroenterology, University of Juntendo, School of Medicine, Tokyo.
authors: Daisuke
authors: D
authors: Asaoka
authors: Department of Gastroenterology, Juntendo University Shizuoka Hospital, Shizuoka, Japan.
authors: Akihito
authors: A
authors: Nagahara
authors: Department of Gastroenterology, University of Juntendo, School of Medicine, Tokyo.
authors: Mariko
authors: M
authors: Hojo
authors: Department of Gastroenterology, University of Juntendo, School of Medicine, Tokyo.
authors: Kenshi
authors: K
authors: Matsumoto
authors: Department of Gastroenterology, University of Juntendo, School of Medicine, Tokyo.
authors: Hiroya
authors: H
authors: Ueyama
authors: Department of Gastroenterology, University of Juntendo, School of Medicine, Tokyo.
authors: Kohei
authors: K
authors: Matsumoto
authors: Department of Gastroenterology, University of Juntendo, School of Medicine, Tokyo.
authors: Kentaro
authors: K
authors: Izumi
authors: Department of Gastroenterology, University of Juntendo, School of Medicine, Tokyo.
authors: Tsutomu
authors: T
authors: Takeda
authors: Department of Gastroenterology, University of Juntendo, School of Medicine, Tokyo.
authors: Hiroyuki
authors: H
authors: Komori
authors: Department of Gastroenterology, University of Juntendo, School of Medicine, Tokyo.
authors: Yoichi
authors: Y
authors: Akazawa
authors: Department of Gastroenterology, Juntendo University Shizuoka Hospital, Shizuoka, Japan.
authors: Yuji
authors: Y
authors: Shimada
authors: Department of Gastroenterology, University of Juntendo, School of Medicine, Tokyo.
authors: Taro
authors: T
authors: Osada
authors: Department of Gastroenterology, University of Juntendo, School of Medicine, Tokyo.
authors: Sumio
authors: S
authors: Watanabe
keywords: Barrett’s mucosa; H. pylori; bisphosphonates; calcium channel blockers; endoscopic gastric mucosal atrophy; hiatal hernia; reflux esophagitis; statins