title: Mechanism of Fibronectin Binding to Human Trabecular Meshwork Exosomes and Its Modulation by Dexamethasone.
abstract: Exosomes are emerging as important mediators of cell-matrix interactions by means of specific adhesion proteins. Changes in the tissue-specific exosomal protein expression may underlie pathological conditions whereby extracellular matrix turnover and homeostasis is disrupted. Ocular hypertension due to extracellular matrix accumulation in the trabecular meshwork is a hallmark of glucocorticoid-induced glaucoma. In the trabecular meshwork, exosomal fibronectin mediates cell matrix interactions at cellular structures called "invadosomes". Trabecular meshwork cells use invadosomes to turn over their surrounding matrix and maintain passageways for flow of aqueous humor. In this study, we observed that human trabecular meshwork explants treated with dexamethasone released exosomes with significantly reduced amounts of fibronectin bound per exosome. Further, we found that exosome-fibronectin binding is heparan sulfate-dependent, consistent with our observation that trabecular meshwork exosomes are enriched in the heparin/heparan sulfate binding annexins A2 and A6. In this way, dexamethasone-treated explants released exosomes with a significant reduction in annexin A2 and A6 per exosome. Interestingly, we did not detect exosomal matrix metalloproteinases, but we identified abundant dipeptidyl peptidase 4, a serine protease whose activity was reduced on exosomes isolated from dexamethasone-treated explants. Together, our findings demonstrate mechanistically how corticosteroid-induced alterations in exosomal adhesion cargo and properties can account for the pathological matrix accumulation seen in many glaucoma patients.
authors: Department of Ophthalmology, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, United States of America.
authors: W Michael
authors: http://orcid.org/0000-0002-5662-6067
authors: WM
authors: Dismuke
authors: Department of Ophthalmology, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, United States of America.
authors: Mikael
authors: M
authors: Klingeborn
authors: Department of Ophthalmology, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, United States of America.|Department of Biomedical Engineering, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, United States of America.
authors: W Daniel
authors: WD
authors: Stamer
mesh_terms: D017306:Annexin A2 / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism; D017317:Annexin A6 / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism; D000893:Anti-Inflammatory Agents / Q000494:pharmacology; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D016895:Culture Media, Serum-Free / Q000737:chemistry; D003907:Dexamethasone / Q000494:pharmacology*; D055354:Exosomes / Q000737:chemistry / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism; D005109:Extracellular Matrix / Q000378:metabolism; D005353:Fibronectins / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism*; D006497:Heparan Sulfate / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D053758:Nanoparticles / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism; D011485:Protein Binding; D014129:Trabecular Meshwork / Q000166:cytology / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D017306:Annexin A2; D017317:Annexin A6; D000893:Anti-Inflammatory Agents; D016895:Culture Media, Serum-Free; D003907:Dexamethasone; D005353:Fibronectins; D006497:Heparan Sulfate