title: Genomic skimming for identification of medium/highly abundant transposable elements in Arundo donax and Arundo plinii.
abstract: Transposable elements (TEs) are the most abundant genetic material for almost all eukaryotic genomes. Their effects on the host genomes range from an extensive size variation to the regulation of gene expression, altering gene function and creating new genes. Because of TEs pivotal contribute to the host genome structure and regulation, their identification and characterization provide a wealth of useful data for gaining an in-depth understanding of host genome functioning. The giant reed (Arundo donax) is a perennial rhizomatous C3grass, octadecaploid, with an estimated nuclear genome size of 2744 Mbp. It is a promising feedstock for second-generation biofuels and biomethane production. To identify and characterize the most repetitive TEs in the genomes of A. donax and its ancestral A. plinii species, we carried out low-coverage whole genome shotgun sequencing for both species. Using a de novo repeat identification approach, 33,041 and 28,237 non-redundant repetitive sequences were identified and characterized in A. donax and A. plinii genomes, representing 37.55 and 31.68% of each genome, respectively. Comparative phylogenetic analyses, including the major TE classes identified in A. donax and A. plinii, together with rice and maize TE paralogs, were carried out to understand the evolutionary relationship of the most abundant TE classes. Highly conserved copies of RIRE1-like Ty1-Copia elements were discovered in two Arundo spp. in which they represented nearly 3% of each genomic sequence. We identified and characterized the medium/highly repetitive TEs in two unexplored polyploid genomes, thus generating useful information for the study of the genomic structure, composition, and functioning of these two non-model species. We provided a valuable resource that could be exploited in any effort aimed at sequencing and assembling these two genomes.
authors: Institute of Life Sciences, Scuola Superiore Sant'Anna, Piazza Martiri della Libertà, 33, 56127, Pisa, Italy.|Sugarcane Research and Seed Farm, Pyinmana, Nay Pyi Taw, Myanmar.
authors: Aung Kyaw
authors: AK
authors: Lwin
authors: Institute of Life Sciences, Scuola Superiore Sant'Anna, Piazza Martiri della Libertà, 33, 56127, Pisa, Italy.
authors: Edoardo
authors: E
authors: Bertolini
authors: Institute of Life Sciences, Scuola Superiore Sant'Anna, Piazza Martiri della Libertà, 33, 56127, Pisa, Italy.
authors: Mario Enrico
authors: ME
authors: Pè
authors: Institute of Life Sciences, Scuola Superiore Sant'Anna, Piazza Martiri della Libertà, 33, 56127, Pisa, Italy. a.zuccolo@sssup.it.
authors: Andrea
authors: http://orcid.org/0000-0001-7574-0714
authors: A
authors: Zuccolo
mesh_terms: D056804:Biofuels; D004251:DNA Transposable Elements; D018744:DNA, Plant / Q000235:genetics; D019143:Evolution, Molecular; D059014:High-Throughput Nucleotide Sequencing; D006109:Poaceae / Q000145:classification* / Q000235:genetics*; D017422:Sequence Analysis, DNA; D020079:Terminal Repeat Sequences
chemical_list: D056804:Biofuels; D004251:DNA Transposable Elements; D018744:DNA, Plant
keywords: Genome skimming; Giant reed; Repetitive sequences; Transposable elements