title: Orthopedic Surgical Options for Joint Cartilage Repair and Restoration.
abstract: The limited natural capacity for articular cartilage to regenerate has led to a continuously broadening array of surgical interventions. Used once patients' symptoms are not relieved by nonoperative management, these share the goals of joint preservation and restoration. Techniques include bone marrow stimulation, whole-tissue transplantation, and cell-based strategies, each with its own variations. Many of these interventions are performed arthroscopically or with extended-portal techniques. Indications, operative techniques, unique benefits, and limitations are presented.
authors: St. Luke's Department of Orthopedics & Sports Medicine, Duluth, MN, USA. Electronic address: david.j.ruta@gmail.com.
authors: David J
authors: DJ
authors: Ruta
authors: Department of Orthopaedic Surgery & Biomedical Engineering, University of Tennessee-Campbell Clinic, Memphis, TN, USA.
authors: Arturo D
authors: AD
authors: Villarreal
authors: Department of Orthopaedic Surgery & Biomedical Engineering, University of Tennessee-Campbell Clinic, Memphis, TN, USA.
authors: David R
authors: DR
authors: Richardson
mesh_terms: D002358:Cartilage, Articular / Q000601:surgery*; D019902:Chondrocytes; D006801:Humans; D019637:Orthopedic Procedures / Q000379:methods*
keywords: Allograft; Articular cartilage; Autograft; Autologous chondrocyte implantation (ACI); Juvenile particulated; Microfracture; OAT; Osteochondral