title: A longitudinal study of the Mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis infection status in young goats and their mothers.
abstract: The dynamics between Mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis (MAP) infection and the immune response of goats naturally exposed to MAP were studied in a herd where the clinical expression of paratuberculosis had been observed. Four generations of goats were observed over a 33-month period: mothers of three different generations (G1, G2, G3) and their daughters, generation 4 (G4). A MAP infection status was defined according to the combined results of an IFN-γ assay, antibody response, faecal culture and post-mortem examination. Goats were defined as non-infected (NI), infected and non-shedder (INS), infected and shedder (IS) or atypical (A). Twenty-nine percent of goats were NI, 66% were infected and either shedding (14%) or not shedding (52%) MAP, and 5% were atypical. IFN-γ responses were detected first, followed by faecal shedding and antibody responses. The results showed that in goats naturally exposed to MAP, IFN-γ responses were regularly detected earlier in non-shedders than in young infected shedder goats and were stronger in shedder than in non-shedder goats. They were also higher in the mother goats than in their daughters. Goats shedding MAP or with positive antibody response at the beginning of their pregnancy are more likely to have an infected daughter positive to an IFN-γ assay by the age of 15 months.
authors: ANSES, Laboratoire de Niort, MIPPR, 60, rue de Pied-de-fond, CS 28440, 79024 Niort cedex, France. Electronic address: pascale.mercier@anses.fr.
authors: Pascale
authors: P
authors: Mercier
authors: UMR85 Physiologie de la Reproduction et des Comportements, INRA Centre Val de Loire, 37380 Nouzilly, France. Electronic address: sandrine.freret@tours.inra.fr.
authors: Sandrine
authors: S
authors: Freret
authors: ANSES, Laboratoire de Santé animale, Unité Zoonoses Bactériennes, 14 rue Pierre et Marie Curie, 94701 Maisons-Alfort cedex, France. Electronic address: karine.laroucau@anses.fr.
authors: Karine
authors: K
authors: Laroucau
authors: ANSES, Laboratoire de Niort, MIPPR, 60, rue de Pied-de-fond, CS 28440, 79024 Niort cedex, France. Electronic address: marie-pierre.gautier@anses.fr.
authors: Marie-Pierre
authors: MP
authors: Gautier
authors: ANSES, Laboratoire de Niort, MIPPR, 60, rue de Pied-de-fond, CS 28440, 79024 Niort cedex, France. Electronic address: isabelle.bremaud@anses.fr.
authors: Isabelle
authors: I
authors: Brémaud
authors: ANSES, Laboratoire de Santé animale, Unité Zoonoses Bactériennes, 14 rue Pierre et Marie Curie, 94701 Maisons-Alfort cedex, France. Electronic address: claire.bertin@anses.fr.
authors: Claire
authors: C
authors: Bertin
authors: UR1282 Infectiologie et Santé Publique, INRA Centre Val de Loire, 37380 Nouzilly, France. Electronic address: Christelle.Rossignol@tours.inra.fr.
authors: Christelle
authors: C
authors: Rossignol
authors: UR1282 Infectiologie et Santé Publique, INRA Centre Val de Loire, 37380 Nouzilly, France. Electronic address: armel.souriau@tours.inra.fr.
authors: Armel
authors: A
authors: Souriau
authors: UR1282 Infectiologie et Santé Publique, INRA Centre Val de Loire, 37380 Nouzilly, France. Electronic address: Laurence.Guilloteau@tours.inra.fr.
authors: Laurence A
authors: LA
authors: Guilloteau
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000907:Antibodies, Bacterial / Q000097:blood; D057138:Bacterial Shedding; D005243:Feces / Q000382:microbiology; D005260:Female; D015511:Goat Diseases / Q000097:blood / Q000382:microbiology* / Q000635:transmission; D006041:Goats; D018445:Infectious Disease Transmission, Vertical / Q000662:veterinary*; D007371:Interferon-gamma / Q000097:blood; D008137:Longitudinal Studies; D016927:Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis; D010283:Paratuberculosis / Q000097:blood / Q000635:transmission*; D011247:Pregnancy; D011251:Pregnancy Complications, Infectious / Q000097:blood / Q000382:microbiology / Q000662:veterinary*
chemical_list: D000907:Antibodies, Bacterial; D007371:Interferon-gamma
keywords: Antibody; Gamma interferon (INF-γ); Goats; Infection status; MAP shedding; Mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis