title: Temporal Trends and Geographical Differences of Perfluoroalkyl Acids in Baltic Sea Herring and White-Tailed Sea Eagle Eggs in Sweden.
abstract: Temporal and spatial trends of perfluoroalkyl acids (PFAAs) were investigated in Baltic Sea herring liver (Clupea harengus) from three sites, and white-tailed sea eagle (WTSE) eggs (Haliaeetus albicilla) from two freshwater and two marine areas in Sweden. Trends of most quantifiable PFAAs increased over the monitored period (1980-2014 in herring, 1960s/1980s-2010 in WTSE). No significant decreasing trends were observed for the most recent ten years for any substances, except perfluorooctane sulfonamide (FOSA). Concentrations of perfluorooctanesulfonic acids (PFOS) in herring showed a distinct decreasing spatial trend moving from the more southern site toward the more northern site, indicating main input of PFOS into the southern Baltic Sea. For WTSE, PFOS concentration was higher in the marine compared to the freshwater environment, explained by the cumulative historic contamination of the Baltic Sea. Similarly, concentrations in WTSE were lower in the northern part of the Baltic Sea compared to further south. Concentrations of PFUnDA, representing long-chain perfluoroalkyl carboxylic acids (PFCAs), showed a more homogeneous spatial distribution compared to PFOS for both herring and WTSE, indicating that atmospheric inputs (via precursors) of the long-chain PFCAs are important contributors in the study areas.
authors: Department of Environmental Research and Monitoring, Swedish Museum of Natural History , Box 50007, SE-104 05 Stockholm, Sweden.
authors: Suzanne
authors: S
authors: Faxneld
authors: Department of Environmental Science and Analytical Chemistry, Stockholm University , SE-106 91 Stockholm, Sweden.|Department of Analytical Chemistry, Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research-UFZ , DE-04318 Leipzig, Germany.
authors: Urs
authors: U
authors: Berger
authors: Department of Environmental Research and Monitoring, Swedish Museum of Natural History , Box 50007, SE-104 05 Stockholm, Sweden.
authors: Björn
authors: B
authors: Helander
authors: Department of Environmental Research and Monitoring, Swedish Museum of Natural History , Box 50007, SE-104 05 Stockholm, Sweden.
authors: Sara
authors: S
authors: Danielsson
authors: Department of Environmental Research and Monitoring, Swedish Museum of Natural History , Box 50007, SE-104 05 Stockholm, Sweden.
authors: Aroha
authors: A
authors: Miller
authors: Department of Environmental Research and Monitoring, Swedish Museum of Natural History , Box 50007, SE-104 05 Stockholm, Sweden.
authors: Elisabeth
authors: E
authors: Nyberg
authors: Department of Mathematics, Stockholm University , SE-106 91 Stockholm, Sweden.
authors: Jan-Olov
authors: JO
authors: Persson
authors: Department of Environmental Research and Monitoring, Swedish Museum of Natural History , Box 50007, SE-104 05 Stockholm, Sweden.
authors: Anders
authors: A
authors: Bignert
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D020307:Eagles; D004784:Environmental Monitoring; D005399:Fishes; D005466:Fluorocarbons; D013548:Sweden; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical
chemical_list: D005466:Fluorocarbons; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical