title: In Situ TEM Analysis of Organic-Inorganic Metal-Halide Perovskite Solar Cells under Electrical Bias.
abstract: Changes in the nanostructure of methylammonium lead iodide (MAPbI3) perovskite solar cells are assessed as a function of current-voltage stimulus by biasing thin samples in situ in a transmission electron microscope. Various degradation pathways are identified both in situ and ex situ, predominantly at the positively biased MAPbI3interface. Iodide migrates into the positively biased charge transport layer and also volatilizes along with organic species, which triggers the nucleation of PbI2nanoparticles and voids and hence decreases the cell performance.
authors: Photovoltaics and Thin-Film Electronics Laboratory, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Institute of Microengineering (IMT) , Rue de la Maladière 71B, Neuchâtel CH-2000, Switzerland.|Department of Physics, University of Basel , Klingelbergstrasse 82, Basel CH-4056, Switzerland.
authors: Quentin
authors: Q
authors: Jeangros
authors: Ernst Ruska-Centre for Microscopy and Spectroscopy with Electrons and Peter Grünberg Institute , Forschungszentrum Jülich D-52425, Germany.
authors: Martial
authors: M
authors: Duchamp
authors: Photovoltaics and Thin-Film Electronics Laboratory, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Institute of Microengineering (IMT) , Rue de la Maladière 71B, Neuchâtel CH-2000, Switzerland.
authors: Jérémie
authors: J
authors: Werner
authors: Ernst Ruska-Centre for Microscopy and Spectroscopy with Electrons and Peter Grünberg Institute , Forschungszentrum Jülich D-52425, Germany.
authors: Maximilian
authors: M
authors: Kruth
authors: Ernst Ruska-Centre for Microscopy and Spectroscopy with Electrons and Peter Grünberg Institute , Forschungszentrum Jülich D-52425, Germany.
authors: Rafal E
authors: RE
authors: Dunin-Borkowski
authors: Photovoltaics and Thin-Film Electronics Laboratory, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Institute of Microengineering (IMT) , Rue de la Maladière 71B, Neuchâtel CH-2000, Switzerland.
authors: Bjoern
authors: B
authors: Niesen
authors: Photovoltaics and Thin-Film Electronics Laboratory, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Institute of Microengineering (IMT) , Rue de la Maladière 71B, Neuchâtel CH-2000, Switzerland.
authors: Christophe
authors: C
authors: Ballif
authors: Photovoltaics and Thin-Film Electronics Laboratory, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Institute of Microengineering (IMT) , Rue de la Maladière 71B, Neuchâtel CH-2000, Switzerland.
authors: Aïcha
authors: A
authors: Hessler-Wyser
keywords: Characterization; degradation; in situ transmission electron microscopy; microstructure; perovskite solar cell; photovoltaics