title: Effect of flavonoids rich extract of Capparis spinosa on inflammatory involved genes in amyloid-beta peptide injected rat model of Alzheimer's disease.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Alzheimer's disease (AD) is one of the most common forms of neurodegenerative diseases. Despite vast ongoing researches focusing on the area, little is known about novel treatments. In this study, we aimed to survey the effects of Capparis spinosa (C. spinosa) extract on amyloid-beta peptide (Aβ)-injected rat.
  
  
  METHODS
  For this purpose, hydroalcoholic extracts of caper leaf and fruit were prepared. Total phenolic content, DPPH, and FRAP assay were accomplished to determine antioxidant activity of C. spinosa. HPLC analysis was conducted to measure rutin and quercetin content of selected parts of the plant. Higher levels of flavonoids were observed in leaves of the plant. Twelve male Wistar Aβ-induced rats were randomly divided in four groups of (1) Aβ-/DW+: Sham-operated group (2) Aβ+/DW+: Aβ-injected group (3) Aβ+/RU+: Standard rutin treatment (4) Aβ+/CS+: C. spinosa extract treatment. After 6 weeks of oral administration, real-time qPCR were conducted to determine APP, BACE-1, PSEN-1, and PSEN-2 genes expression in the hippocampus of rats.
  
  
  RESULTS
  HPLC analysis showed high levels of rutin and quercetin in leaves of Capparis. Rutin was 16939.2 ± 0.01 and quercetin was 908.93 ± 0.01 µg/g fresh weight. In fruit, 1019.52 ± 0.01 rutin and 97.86 ± 0.01 µg/g FW quercetin were measured. Expression of BACE-1, APP, PSEN-1, and PSEN-2 genes in comparison with the control group showed significant down regulation.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Results of the study demonstrated that C. spinosa has the potential to down regulate inflammation-involved genes in AD, due to its high levels of flavonoids and could be beneficial as a dietary complement in AD patients.
authors: a Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Faculty of Basic Sciences and Advanced Technologies in Biology , University of Science and Culture , Bahar Ave, Shahid Ghomoushi Ave, Hemmat Highway, Ashrafi Esfehani Blvd, 14619681 , Tehran , Islamic Republic of Iran.
authors: Nazanin
authors: N
authors: Mohebali
authors: a Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Faculty of Basic Sciences and Advanced Technologies in Biology , University of Science and Culture , Bahar Ave, Shahid Ghomoushi Ave, Hemmat Highway, Ashrafi Esfehani Blvd, 14619681 , Tehran , Islamic Republic of Iran.|b Iranian Biological Resource Center (IBRC) , ACECR, west Howeyzeh St., North Sohrevardi Ave, 1551916111 , Tehran , Islamic Republic of Iran.
authors: Seyed Abolhassan
authors: SA
authors: Shahzadeh Fazeli
authors: c Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences , University of Guilan , Khalij Fars highway, Ghazvin road, 4199613776 , Rasht , Islamic Republic of Iran.
authors: Hossein
authors: H
authors: Ghafoori
authors: d Phytochemistry Laboratory of Plant Bank , Iranian Biological Resource Center (IBRC) , ACECR, No. 80, west Howeyzeh St., North Sohrevardi Ave, 1551916111 , Tehran , Islamic Republic of Iran.
authors: Zeinab
authors: Z
authors: Farahmand
authors: e HPLC laboratory of Plant Bank , Iranian Biological Resource Center (IBRC) , ACECR, No. 80, west Howeyzeh St., North Sohrevardi Ave, 1551916111 , Tehran , Islamic Republic of Iran.
authors: Elham
authors: E
authors: MohammadKhani
authors: f Real-Time PCR Laboratory of Human and Animal Cell Bank , Iranian Biological Resource Center (IBRC) , ACECR, No. 80, west Howeyzeh St., North Sohrevardi Ave, 1551916111 , Tehran , Islamic Republic of Iran.
authors: Faezeh
authors: F
authors: Vakhshiteh
authors: f Real-Time PCR Laboratory of Human and Animal Cell Bank , Iranian Biological Resource Center (IBRC) , ACECR, No. 80, west Howeyzeh St., North Sohrevardi Ave, 1551916111 , Tehran , Islamic Republic of Iran.
authors: Abdolreza
authors: A
authors: Ghamarian
authors: g Research Affairs , Iranian Biological Resource Center (IBRC) , ACECR, No. 80, west Howeyzeh St., North Sohrevardi Ave, 1551916111 , Tehran , Islamic Republic of Iran.
authors: Mansoureh
authors: M
authors: Farhangniya
authors: h Medical Genetics , National Institute for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (NIGEB) , 14155-6343 , Tehran , Islamic Republic of Iran.
authors: Mohammad Hossein
authors: MH
authors: Sanati
mesh_terms: D000544:Alzheimer Disease / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000235:genetics*; D016229:Amyloid beta-Peptides; D000818:Animals; D031484:Capparis / Q000737:chemistry*; D005419:Flavonoids / Q000494:pharmacology*; D005638:Fruit / Q000737:chemistry; D008297:Male; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000494:pharmacology*; D018515:Plant Leaves / Q000737:chemistry; D011794:Quercetin / Q000494:pharmacology; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D012431:Rutin / Q000494:pharmacology
chemical_list: D016229:Amyloid beta-Peptides; D005419:Flavonoids; D010936:Plant Extracts; D012431:Rutin; D011794:Quercetin
keywords: 1; 5; 9; Alzheimer's disease; Capparis spinosa; Flavonoids; Gene expression; Rutin