title: Shape changing thin films powered by DNA hybridization.
abstract: Active materials that respond to physical and chemical stimuli can be used to build dynamic micromachines that lie at the interface between biological systems and engineered devices. In principle, the specific hybridization of DNA can be used to form a library of independent, chemically driven actuators for use in such microrobotic applications and could lead to device capabilities that are not possible with polymer- or metal-layer-based approaches. Here, we report shape changing films that are powered by DNA strand exchange reactions with two different domains that can respond to distinct chemical signals. The films are formed from DNA-grafted gold nanoparticles using a layer-by-layer deposition process. Films consisting of an active and a passive layer show rapid, reversible curling in response to stimulus DNA strands added to solution. Films consisting of two independently addressable active layers display a complex suite of repeatable transformations, involving eight mechanochemical states and incorporating self-righting behaviour.
authors: Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA.|Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA.|Department of Chemical Engineering, Ajou University, Suwon 16499, Korea.|Department of Energy Systems Research, Ajou University, Suwon 16499, Korea.
authors: Tae Soup
authors: TS
authors: Shim
authors: Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA.|Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA.
authors: Zaki G
authors: ZG
authors: Estephan
authors: Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA.
authors: Zhaoxia
authors: Z
authors: Qian
authors: Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA.
authors: Jacob H
authors: JH
authors: Prosser
authors: Division of Advanced Materials, Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology (KRICT), Daejeon 34114, Korea.
authors: Su Yeon
authors: SY
authors: Lee
authors: Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA.
authors: David M
authors: 0000-0002-0819-4669
authors: DM
authors: Chenoweth
authors: Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA.
authors: Daeyeon
authors: D
authors: Lee
authors: Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA.|Department of Chemistry and Nano Science, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 03760, Korea.
authors: So-Jung
authors: SJ
authors: Park
authors: Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA.
authors: John C
authors: 0000-0001-6239-6010
authors: JC
authors: Crocker
mesh_terms: D004247:DNA / Q000737:chemistry*; D015342:DNA Probes / Q000737:chemistry*; D006046:Gold / Q000737:chemistry*; D008567:Membranes, Artificial; D053768:Metal Nanoparticles / Q000737:chemistry*; D020411:Oligonucleotide Array Sequence Analysis / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods
chemical_list: D015342:DNA Probes; D008567:Membranes, Artificial; D006046:Gold; D004247:DNA