title: Bioactivity characterization of 45S5 bioglass using TL, OSL and EPR: Comparison with the case of 58S sol-gel bioactive glass.
abstract: The current work exploits the effective application of thermoluminescence (TL), optically stimulated luminescence (OSL) and the possibility of applying Electron Paramagnetic Resonance (EPR) for the discrimination between different bioactive responses in the case of the 45S5 bioactive glass (SiO245, Na2O 24.5, CaO 24.5, P2O56 in wt%), which was synthesized through melting process. These techniques are suggested mainly due to their low spectroscopic detection thresholds. The original 45S5 in grain size range of 20-40μm was immersed in the Simulated Body Fluid (SBF) for various different immersion times ranging over one week. In this work the 110°C TL peak, a specific OSL component and the EPR signal at g=2.013 ascribed to oxygen hole center (OHC) are used due to their sensitivity to the different bioactive responses. For all luminescence and EPR components, the intensity plot versus immersion time yields sharp discontinuities, resulting in effective probes regarding the timescale for both the beginning as well as the end of the procedure of the crystalline HCAp formation respectively. On the contrary to the smooth decreasing pattern of both luminescence entities, the peak to peak amplitude of the EPR signal indicates an initial increase for the initial 16min of immersion, followed by a further decrease throughout the immersion time duration. The discontinuities monitored for both sensitivity of TL, OSL and EPR, in conjunction with the discontinuities monitored for the sensitization of TL and OSL, when plotted versus immersion time, provide an individual time scale for each one of the chemical reactions involved in the five steps of the aforementioned procedure. According to the authors' best knowledge, scarce characterization techniques could provide this time scale frame, while it is the first time that such an application of OSL and EPR is attempted. Finally, the bioactive response of the 45S5 bioglass was compared with that of the 58S sol-gel bioactive glass, in terms of the timescale of these five stages required for the final formation of the HCAp. The techniques of luminescence and EPR which take advantage of trapped charges are proposed as alternative cheap and prompt effective techniques towards discrimination between different bioactive responses in bioactive glasses.
authors: Ankara University, Institute of Nuclear Sciences, 06100 Beşevler, Ankara, Turkey. Electronic address: gspolymeris@ankara.edu.tr.
authors: G S
authors: GS
authors: Polymeris
authors: Ankara University, Institute of Nuclear Sciences, 06100 Beşevler, Ankara, Turkey; Solid State Section, Department of Physics, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece.
authors: V
authors: V
authors: Giannoulatou
authors: Solid State Section, Department of Physics, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece.
authors: A
authors: A
authors: Kyriakidou
authors: Nuclear Physics Laboratory, Department of Physics, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece.
authors: I K
authors: IK
authors: Sfampa
authors: Solid State Section, Department of Physics, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece.
authors: G S
authors: GS
authors: Theodorou
authors: Ankara University, Institute of Nuclear Sciences, 06100 Beşevler, Ankara, Turkey.
authors: E
authors: E
authors: Şahiner
authors: Ankara University, Institute of Nuclear Sciences, 06100 Beşevler, Ankara, Turkey.
authors: N
authors: N
authors: Meriç
authors: Nuclear Physics Laboratory, Department of Physics, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece.
authors: G
authors: G
authors: Kitis
authors: Solid State Section, Department of Physics, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece.
authors: K M
authors: KM
authors: Paraskevopoulos
mesh_terms: D001672:Biocompatible Materials / Q000737:chemistry*; D002516:Ceramics / Q000737:chemistry*; D004578:Electron Spin Resonance Spectroscopy; D005898:Glass / Q000737:chemistry*; D008163:Luminescent Measurements; D044367:Phase Transition; D013696:Temperature
chemical_list: D001672:Biocompatible Materials; C425330:bioactive glass 45S5; C448994:bioactive glass 58S
keywords: 45S5; Bioactive material; EPR; HCAp; LM-OSL; Spikes; TL