title: Bone tunnel enlargement following hamstring anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction: a comprehensive review.
abstract: Nowadays, bone tunnel enlargement (BTE) after anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction is a well-known phenomenon. It has been identified, investigated and described by many authors during the last thirty years. Nevertheless, the etiology of bone tunnel enlargement still remains unclear. It is known that the causes are multifactorial and may include the surgical technique, the method of fixation, materials used, type of graft as well as biological factors. Due to the recent popularization of the use of hamstring grafts in anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction, the bone tunnel enlargement phenomenon is becoming increasingly common. In this review article, the authors focus on compiling current knowledge about the etiology, diagnosis, and the possibility of reducing the occurrence of this phenomenon by using the latest methods of supporting reconstruction surgery.
authors: a X-ray Microtomography Lab, Department of Computer Biomedical Systems , Institute of Computer Science, University of Silesia , Sosnowiec , Poland.|b Department of Orthopedics and Traumatology , City Hospital in Zabrze , Zabrze , Poland.|c Galen-Orthopaedics , Bieruń , Poland.
authors: Mateusz
authors: M
authors: Stolarz
authors: c Galen-Orthopaedics , Bieruń , Poland.|d Department of Physiotherapy Basics , Academy of Physical Education in Katowice , Katowice , Poland.
authors: Krzysztof
authors: K
authors: Ficek
authors: a X-ray Microtomography Lab, Department of Computer Biomedical Systems , Institute of Computer Science, University of Silesia , Sosnowiec , Poland.
authors: Marcin
authors: M
authors: Binkowski
authors: a X-ray Microtomography Lab, Department of Computer Biomedical Systems , Institute of Computer Science, University of Silesia , Sosnowiec , Poland.
authors: Zygmunt
authors: Z
authors: Wróbel
mesh_terms: D000070598:Anterior Cruciate Ligament Injuries / Q000601:surgery*; D050376:Bone-Patellar Tendon-Bone Grafting / Q000009:adverse effects*; D005269:Femur / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000473:pathology* / Q000601:surgery; D000070632:Hamstring Tendons / Q000637:transplantation*; D006801:Humans; D011183:Postoperative Complications / Q000473:pathology*; D013977:Tibia / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000473:pathology* / Q000601:surgery
keywords: Bone tunnel enlargement; anterior cruciate reconstruction; bone tunnel widening; complications; hamstring tendons; literature review