title: [Bacterial vaginosis and spontaneous preterm birth].
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To determine if bacterial vaginosis is a marker for risk of spontaneous preterm delivery and if its detection and treatment can reduce this risk.
  
  
  METHODS
  Consultation of the database Pubmed/Medline, Science Direct, and international guidelines of medical societies.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Bacterial vaginosis (BV) is a dysbiosis resulting in an imbalance in the vaginal flora through the multiplication of anaerobic bacteria and jointly of a disappearance of well-known protective Lactobacilli. His diagnosis is based on clinical Amsel criteria and/or a Gram stain with establishment of the Nugent score. The prevalence of the BV extraordinarily varies according to ethnic and/or geographical origin (4-58 %), in France, it is close to 7 % in the first trimester of pregnancy (EL2). The link between BV and spontaneous premature delivery is low with an odds ratio between 1.5 and 2 in the most recent studies (EL3). Metronidazole or clindamycin is effective to treat BV (EL3). It is recommended to prescribe one of these antibiotics in the case of symptomatic BV (Professional Consensus). The testing associated with the treatment of BV in the global population showed no benefit in the prevention of the risk of spontaneous preterm delivery (EL2). Concerning low-risk asymptomatic population (defined by the absence of antecedent of premature delivery), it has been failed profit to track and treat the BV in the prevention of the risk of spontaneous preterm delivery (EL1). Concerning the high-risk population (defined by a history of preterm delivery), it has been failed profit to track and treat the VB in the prevention of the risk of spontaneous preterm delivery (EL3). However, in the sub population of patients with a history of preterm delivery occurred in a context of materno-fetal bacterial infection, there may be a benefit to detect and treat early and systematically genital infection, and in particular the BV (Professional Consensus).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The screening and treatment of BV during pregnancy in asymptomatic low-risk population is not recommended in the prevention of the risk of spontaneous preterm delivery (grade A). In the population at high risk with the only notion of antecedent of premature delivery, screening and treatment of the BV is not recommended (grade C).
authors: Hôpital Saint-Vincent-de-Paul, GHICL, FLMM, 59000 Lille, France. Electronic address: brabant.gilles@ghicl.net.
authors: G
authors: G
authors: Brabant
mesh_terms: D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D011247:Pregnancy; D011251:Pregnancy Complications, Infectious / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000188:drug therapy; D047928:Premature Birth / Q000209:etiology* / Q000517:prevention & control; D016585:Vaginosis, Bacterial / Q000150:complications* / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000188:drug therapy
keywords: Accouchement prématuré; Bacterial vaginosis; Biologie moléculaire; Chorioamnionitis; Chorioamniotite; Clindamycin; Clindamycine; Fausse couche tardive; Grossesse; Late miscarriage; Metronidazole; Microbiote vaginal; Molecular biology; Métronidazole; Pregnancy; Premature delivery; Probiotics; Probiotiques; Vaginal microbiota; Vaginose bactérienne