title: Hydrophilic Polymer Brush Layers on Stainless Steel Using Multilayered ATRP Initiator Layer.
abstract: Thin polymer coatings (in tens of nanometers to a micron thick) are desired on industrial surfaces such as stainless steel. In this thickness range coatings are difficult to produce using conventional methods. In this context, surface-initiated controlled polymerization method can offer a promising tool to produce thin polymer coatings via bottom-up approach. Furthermore, the industrial surfaces are chemically heterogeneous and exhibit surface features in the form of grain boundaries and grain surfaces. Therefore, the thin coatings must be equally effective on both the grain surfaces and the grain boundary regions. This study illustrates a novel "periodic rejuvenation of surface initiation" process using surface-initiated ATRP technique to amplify the graft density of poly(oligoethylene glycol)methacrylate (POEGMA) brush layers on stainless steel 316L surface. The optimized conditions demonstrate a controlled, macroscopically homogeneous, and stable POEGMA brush layer covering both the grain surface and the grain boundary region. Various relevant parameters-surface cleaning methods, controllability of thickness, graft density, homogeneity and stability-were studied using techniques such as ellipsometer, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy-energy-dispersive X-ray, surface zeta potential, and infrared reflection-adsorption spectroscopy.
authors: Department of Biological and Chemical Engineering, Aarhus University , Hangøvej 2, DK-8200 Aarhus N, Denmark.
authors: Jakob Ege
authors: JE
authors: Friis
authors: Department of Biological and Chemical Engineering, Aarhus University , Hangøvej 2, DK-8200 Aarhus N, Denmark.
authors: Kaare
authors: K
authors: Brøns
authors: Department of Chemistry, Aarhus University , Langelandsgade 140, DK-8000 Aarhus C, Denmark.
authors: Zakaria
authors: Z
authors: Salmi
authors: SACHEM Japan GK 5-6-27 Mizuhai, Higashi Osaka 578-0921, Japan.
authors: Kyoko
authors: K
authors: Shimizu
authors: Interdisciplinary Nanoscience Center, Aarhus Univeristy , Gustav Wieds Vej 14, DK-8000 Aarhus C, Denmark.
authors: Guruprakash
authors: G
authors: Subbiahdoss
authors: Grundfos Holding A/S , Poul Due Jensens Vej 7, DK-8850 Bjerringbro, Denmark.
authors: Allan Hjarbæk
authors: AH
authors: Holm
authors: Materials and Chemistry Center, Alfa Laval Lund AB , P.O. Box 74, SE-22100 Lund, Sweden.
authors: Olga
authors: O
authors: Santos
authors: Department of Chemistry, Aarhus University , Langelandsgade 140, DK-8000 Aarhus C, Denmark.|Interdisciplinary Nanoscience Center, Aarhus Univeristy , Gustav Wieds Vej 14, DK-8000 Aarhus C, Denmark.
authors: Steen Uttrup
authors: SU
authors: Pedersen
authors: Department of Bioscience, Aarhus University , Ny Munkegade 116, DK-8000 Aarhus C, Denmark.|Interdisciplinary Nanoscience Center, Aarhus Univeristy , Gustav Wieds Vej 14, DK-8000 Aarhus C, Denmark.
authors: Rikke Louise
authors: RL
authors: Meyer
authors: Department of Chemistry, Aarhus University , Langelandsgade 140, DK-8000 Aarhus C, Denmark.|Interdisciplinary Nanoscience Center, Aarhus Univeristy , Gustav Wieds Vej 14, DK-8000 Aarhus C, Denmark.|Applied Physical Chemistry, KTH Royal Institute of Technology , SE-10044 Stockholm, Sweden.|Carbon Dioxide Activation Center , Gustav Wieds Vej 14, DK-8000 Aarhus C, Denmark.
authors: Kim
authors: K
authors: Daasbjerg
authors: Department of Biological and Chemical Engineering, Aarhus University , Hangøvej 2, DK-8200 Aarhus N, Denmark.|Interdisciplinary Nanoscience Center, Aarhus Univeristy , Gustav Wieds Vej 14, DK-8000 Aarhus C, Denmark.|Carbon Dioxide Activation Center , Gustav Wieds Vej 14, DK-8000 Aarhus C, Denmark.
authors: Joseph
authors: J
authors: Iruthayaraj
keywords: coating; diblock polymer brush, grain boundary; electrografting, aryldiazonium; graft density; poly(oxyethyleneglycol)methacrylate; stainless steel 316L; surface Initiated ATRP