title: A computationally simplistic poly-phasic approach to explore microbial communities from the Yucatan aquifer as a potential sources of novel natural products.
abstract: The need for new antibiotics has sparked a search for the microbes that might potentially produce them. Current sequencing technologies allow us to explore the biotechnological potential of microbial communities in diverse environments without the need for cultivation, benefitting natural product discovery in diverse ways. A relatively recent method to search for the possible production of novel compounds includes studying the diverse genes belonging to polyketide synthase pathways (PKS), as these complex enzymes are an important source of novel therapeutics. In order to explore the biotechnological potential of the microbial community from the largest underground aquifer in the world located in the Yucatan, we used a polyphasic approach in which a simple, non-computationally intensive method was coupled with direct amplification of environmental DNA to assess the diversity and novelty of PKS type I ketosynthase (KS) domains. Our results suggest that the bioinformatic method proposed can indeed be used to assess the novelty of KS enzymes; nevertheless, this in silico study did not identify some of the KS diversity due to primer bias and stringency criteria outlined by the metagenomics pipeline. Therefore, additionally implementing a method involving the direct cloning of KS domains enhanced our results. Compared to other freshwater environments, the aquifer was characterized by considerably less diversity in relation to known ketosynthase domains; however, the metagenome included a family of KS type I domains phylogenetically related, but not identical, to those found in the curamycin pathway, as well as an outstanding number of thiolases. Over all, this first look into the microbial community found in this large Yucatan aquifer and other fresh water free living microbial communities highlights the potential of these previously overlooked environments as a source of novel natural products.
authors: Center for Scientific Investigation of Yucatan (CICY), Calle 43 No. 130, Colonia Chuburná de Hidalgo, Mérida, Yucatán, C.P. 97200, Mexico.
authors: Miguel David
authors: MD
authors: Marfil-Santana
authors: Center for Scientific Investigation of Yucatan (CICY), Calle 43 No. 130, Colonia Chuburná de Hidalgo, Mérida, Yucatán, C.P. 97200, Mexico.
authors: Aileen
authors: A
authors: O'Connor-Sánchez
authors: Center for Scientific Investigation of Yucatan (CICY), Calle 43 No. 130, Colonia Chuburná de Hidalgo, Mérida, Yucatán, C.P. 97200, Mexico.
authors: Jorge Humberto
authors: JH
authors: Ramírez-Prado
authors: Center for Scientific Investigation of Yucatan (CICY), Calle 43 No. 130, Colonia Chuburná de Hidalgo, Mérida, Yucatán, C.P. 97200, Mexico.
authors: Cesar
authors: C
authors: De Los Santos-Briones
authors: School of Chemistry, National Autonomous University of Mexico (UNAM), Campus Sisal, Puerto de Abrigo s/n Municipio de Hunucmá, Sisal, Yucatan, C.P. 97356, Mexico.
authors: Lluvia Korynthia
authors: LK
authors: López-Aguiar
authors: School of Chemical Engeneering, Autonomous University of Yucatan (UADY), Periférico Norte Kilometro 33.5, Chuburná de Hidalgo Inn, Mérida, Yucatán, C.P. 97203, Mexico.
authors: Rafael
authors: R
authors: Rojas-Herrera
authors: Post Graduate Studies and Research Center of Ensenada (CICESE), Ensenada, Baja California, C.P. 22860, Mexico.
authors: Asunción
authors: A
authors: Lago-Lestón
authors: School of Chemistry, National Autonomous University of Mexico (UNAM), Campus Sisal, Puerto de Abrigo s/n Municipio de Hunucmá, Sisal, Yucatan, C.P. 97356, Mexico. apdavo@unam.mx.
authors: Alejandra
authors: A
authors: Prieto-Davó
mesh_terms: D001688:Biological Products / Q000737:chemistry / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D019295:Computational Biology / Q000379:methods; D055808:Drug Discovery / Q000379:methods; D005618:Fresh Water / Q000382:microbiology; D014644:Genetic Variation; D060587:Groundwater / Q000382:microbiology; D054892:Metagenome; D056186:Metagenomics; D059013:Microbial Consortia / Q000235:genetics*; D010802:Phylogeny; D048630:Polyketide Synthases / Q000235:genetics*; D064210:Secondary Metabolism / Q000235:genetics
chemical_list: D001688:Biological Products; D048630:Polyketide Synthases
keywords: Yucatan aquifer; microbial metagenomics; natural product discovery; polyketide synthase; secondary metabolites