title: Micronized Organic Magnesium Salts Enhance Opioid Analgesia in Rats.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  As previously reported, magnesium sulphate administered parenterally significantly increased an opioid antinociception in different kinds of pain. Since the typical form of magnesium salts are poorly and slowly absorbed from the gastrointestinal tract we examined whether their micronized form could increase opioids induced antinociception.
  
  
  METHODS
  In behavioural studies on rats morphine, tramadol and oxycodone together with magnesium (lactate dihydrate, hydroaspartate, chloride) in micronized (particles of size D90 < 50 μm) and conventional forms were used. Changes in pain thresholds were determined using mechanical stimuli. The intestinal absorption of two forms of magnesium lactate dihydrate (at the doses of 7.5 or 15 mg ions) in the porcine gut sac model were also compared.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Micronized form of magnesium lactate dihydrate or hydroaspartate but not chloride (15 mg of magnesium ions kg-1) enhanced the analgesic activity of orally administered opioids, significantly faster and more effective in comparison to the conventional form of magnesium salts (about 40% for oxycodone administered together with a micronized form of magnesium hydroaspartate). Moreover, in vitro studies of transport across porcine intestines of magnesium ions showed that magnesium salts administered in micronized form were absorbed from the intestines to a greater extent than the normal form of magnesium salts.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The co-administration of micronized magnesium organic salts with opioids increased their synergetic analgesic effect. This may suggest an innovative approach to the treatment of pain in clinical practice.
authors: Department of Pharmacodynamics, Centre for Preclinical Research and Technology, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland.
authors: Magdalena
authors: M
authors: Bujalska-Zadrożny
authors: Department of Pharmacodynamics, Centre for Preclinical Research and Technology, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland.
authors: Kamila
authors: K
authors: Kulik
authors: Department of Pharmacodynamics, Centre for Preclinical Research and Technology, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland.|Chair and Department of Psychiatry, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland.
authors: Michał
authors: M
authors: Ordak
authors: Department of Pharmacodynamics, Centre for Preclinical Research and Technology, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland.
authors: Małgorzata
authors: M
authors: Sasinowska-Motyl
authors: Department of Pharmacodynamics, Centre for Preclinical Research and Technology, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland.
authors: Emilia
authors: E
authors: Gąsińska
authors: Department of Pharmacodynamics, Centre for Preclinical Research and Technology, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland.
authors: Anna
authors: A
authors: de Corde
authors: Department of Pharmacodynamics, Centre for Preclinical Research and Technology, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland.
authors: Agnieszka
authors: A
authors: Kowalczyk
authors: Department of Cytogenetics, Institute of Genetics and Animal Breeding, Polish Academy of Sciences, Magdalenka, Poland.
authors: Mariusz
authors: M
authors: Sacharczuk
authors: Department of Pharmacognosy and Molecular Basis of Phytotherapy, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland.
authors: Marek
authors: M
authors: Naruszewicz
mesh_terms: D000698:Analgesia / Q000379:methods; D000700:Analgesics / Q000494:pharmacology; D000701:Analgesics, Opioid / Q000494:pharmacology*; D000818:Animals; D004357:Drug Synergism; D017616:Magnesium Compounds / Q000494:pharmacology*; D008297:Male; D009020:Morphine / Q000494:pharmacology; D010098:Oxycodone / Q000494:pharmacology; D010147:Pain Measurement / Q000187:drug effects; D017288:Pain Threshold / Q000187:drug effects; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D014147:Tramadol / Q000494:pharmacology
chemical_list: D000700:Analgesics; D000701:Analgesics, Opioid; D017616:Magnesium Compounds; D014147:Tramadol; D009020:Morphine; D010098:Oxycodone