title: Pentraxins in the activation and regulation of innate immunity.
abstract: Humoral fluid phase pattern recognition molecules (PRMs) are a key component of the activation and regulation of innate immunity. Humoral PRMs are diverse. We focused on the long pentraxin PTX3 as a paradigmatic example of fluid phase PRMs. PTX3 acts as a functional ancestor of antibodies and plays a non-redundant role in resistance against selected microbes in mouse and man and in the regulation of inflammation. This molecule interacts with complement components, thus modulating complement activation. In particular, PTX3 regulates complement-driven macrophage-mediated tumor progression, acting as an extrinsic oncosuppressor in preclinical models and selected human tumors. Evidence collected over the years suggests that PTX3 is a biomarker and potential therapeutic agent in humans, and pave the way to translation of this molecule into the clinic.
authors: Department of Inflammation and Immunology, Humanitas Clinical and Research Center, Rozzano (Milan), Italy.
authors: Kenji
authors: K
authors: Daigo
authors: Department of Inflammation and Immunology, Humanitas Clinical and Research Center, Rozzano (Milan), Italy.|Department of Medical Biotechnologies and Translational Medicine, University of Milan, Italy.
authors: Antonio
authors: A
authors: Inforzato
authors: Humanitas University, Rozzano, Italy.
authors: Isabella
authors: I
authors: Barajon
authors: Department of Inflammation and Immunology, Humanitas Clinical and Research Center, Rozzano (Milan), Italy.
authors: Cecilia
authors: C
authors: Garlanda
authors: Department of Inflammation and Immunology, Humanitas Clinical and Research Center, Rozzano (Milan), Italy.
authors: Barbara
authors: B
authors: Bottazzi
authors: Immunobiology Research Program, Research Programs Unit, Department of Bacteriology and Immunology, Haartman Institute, University of Helsinki , Helsinki , Finland.
authors: Seppo
authors: S
authors: Meri
authors: Department of Inflammation and Immunology, Humanitas Clinical and Research Center, Rozzano (Milan), Italy.|Humanitas University, Rozzano, Italy.
authors: Alberto
authors: A
authors: Mantovani
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor / Q000378:metabolism*; D002097:C-Reactive Protein / Q000378:metabolism*; D003167:Complement Activation; D003165:Complement System Proteins / Q000378:metabolism*; D006801:Humans; D007113:Immunity, Innate; D007249:Inflammation / Q000276:immunology*; D008264:Macrophages / Q000276:immunology*; D051379:Mice; D009369:Neoplasms / Q000276:immunology*; D051192:Receptors, Pattern Recognition / Q000378:metabolism*; D000683:Serum Amyloid P-Component / Q000378:metabolism*; D000099153:Pentraxins
chemical_list: D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor; D002097:C-Reactive Protein; D003165:Complement System Proteins; D051192:Receptors, Pattern Recognition; D000683:Serum Amyloid P-Component; D000099153:Pentraxins
keywords: PTX3; cancer-related inflammation; complement activation; inflammation; opsonization; pentraxins