title: In vitro and in vivo evaluation of MgF2coated AZ31 magnesium alloy porous scaffolds for bone regeneration.
abstract: Porous magnesium scaffolds are attracting increasing attention because of their degradability and good mechanical property. In this work, a porous and degradable AZ31 magnesium alloy scaffold was fabricated using laser perforation technique. To enhance the corrosion resistance and cytocompatibility of the AZ31 scaffolds, a fluoride treatment was used to acquire the MgF2coating. Enhanced corrosion resistance was confirmed by immersion and electrochemical tests. Due to the protection provided by the MgF2coating, the magnesium release and pH increase resulting from the degradation of the FAZ31 scaffolds were controllable. Moreover, in vitro studies revealed that the MgF2coated AZ31 (FAZ31) scaffolds enhanced the proliferation and attachment of rat bone marrow stromal cells (rBMSCs) compared with the AZ31 scaffolds. In addition, our present data indicated that the extract of the FAZ31 scaffold could enhance the osteogenic differentiation of rBMSCs. To compare the in vivo bone regenerative capacity of the AZ31 and FAZ31 scaffolds, a rabbit femoral condyle defect model was used. Micro-computed tomography (micro-CT) and histological examination were performed to evaluate the degradation of the scaffolds and bone volume changes. In addition to the enhanced the corrosion resistance, the FAZ31 scaffolds were more biocompatible and induced significantly more new bone formation in vivo. Conversely, bone resorption was observed from the AZ31 scaffolds. These promising results suggest potential clinical applications of the fluoride pretreated AZ31 scaffold for bone tissue repair and regeneration.
authors: Department of Orthopedics, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai 200233, China.
authors: Weilin
authors: W
authors: Yu
authors: Department of Orthopedics, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai 200233, China.
authors: Huakun
authors: H
authors: Zhao
authors: Department of Orthopedics, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai 200233, China.
authors: Zhenyu
authors: Z
authors: Ding
authors: Department of Orthopedics, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai 200233, China.
authors: Zhiwang
authors: Z
authors: Zhang
authors: Department of Orthopedics, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai 200233, China.
authors: Benben
authors: B
authors: Sun
authors: Department of Orthopedics, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai 200233, China.
authors: Ji
authors: J
authors: Shen
authors: Institute of Metal Research, Chinese Academy of Science, Shenyang 110016, China.
authors: Shanshan
authors: S
authors: Chen
authors: Institute of Metal Research, Chinese Academy of Science, Shenyang 110016, China.
authors: Bingchun
authors: B
authors: Zhang
authors: Institute of Metal Research, Chinese Academy of Science, Shenyang 110016, China.
authors: Ke
authors: K
authors: Yang
authors: Institute of Metal Research, Chinese Academy of Science, Shenyang 110016, China. Electronic address: mxliu@imr.ac.cn.
authors: Meixia
authors: M
authors: Liu
authors: Department of Orthopedics, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai 200233, China. Electronic address: chendaoyun324309@163.com.
authors: Daoyun
authors: D
authors: Chen
authors: Department of Orthopedics, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai 200233, China. Electronic address: hyhua18930177339@163.com.
authors: Yaohua
authors: Y
authors: He
mesh_terms: D000497:Alloys / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology*; D000818:Animals; D001854:Bone Marrow Cells / Q000166:cytology / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology; D001861:Bone Regeneration / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000502:physiology; D001862:Bone Resorption / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000473:pathology / Q000517:prevention & control; D002454:Cell Differentiation / Q000187:drug effects; D020099:Coated Materials, Biocompatible / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology*; D003343:Corrosion; D005269:Femur / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000187:drug effects / Q000293:injuries / Q000601:surgery; D005459:Fluorides / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology*; D006863:Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; D017616:Magnesium Compounds / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology*; D059630:Mesenchymal Stem Cells / Q000166:cytology / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000502:physiology; D010006:Osteoblasts / Q000166:cytology / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology; D010012:Osteogenesis; D016062:Porosity; D011817:Rabbits; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D013977:Tibia / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000187:drug effects / Q000293:injuries / Q000601:surgery; D023822:Tissue Engineering; D054457:Tissue Scaffolds; D055114:X-Ray Microtomography
chemical_list: D000497:Alloys; D020099:Coated Materials, Biocompatible; D017616:Magnesium Compounds; C586533:Mg-Al-Zn-Mn-Si-Cu alloy; C031288:magnesium fluoride; D005459:Fluorides
keywords: Magnesium alloy; MgF(2) coating; Osteogenesis; Scaffold; Surface modification