title: RP-HPLC/MS/MS Analysis of the Phenolic Compounds, Antioxidant and Antimicrobial Activities of Salvia L. Species.
abstract: The identification and quantification of the phenolic contents of methanolic extracts of threeSalviaL. species namelyS. brachyantha(Bordz.) Pobed,S. aethiopisL., andS. microstegiaBoiss. and Bal. were evaluated using reverse phase high performance liquid chromatography, UV adsorption, and mass spectrometry (RP-HPLC/MS). In order to determine the antioxidant capacity of these species, cupric ions (Cu2+) reducing assay (CUPRAC) and ferric ions (Fe3+) reducing assay (FRAP) were performed to screen the reducing capacity and 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) assay was employed for evaluation of the radical scavenging activity for both solvents. In further investigation, the antimicrobial activities ofSalviaspecies were tested using the disc diffusion method against three Gram-positive and four Gram-negative microbial species, as well as three fungi species. The results showed that there is a total of 18 detectable phenols, the most abundant of which was kaempferol inS. microstegiaand rosmarinic acids inS. brachyanthaandS aethiopis. The other major phenols were found to be apigenin, luteolin,p-coumaric acid, and chlorogenic acid. All species tested showed moderate and lower antioxidant activity than standard antioxidants such as butylated hydroxyanisole (BHA), butylated hydroxytoluene (BHT), and ascorbic acid. The ethanolic extracts ofSalviaspecies revealed a wide range of antimicrobial activity.S. brachyanthaandS. microstegiashowed the highest antimicrobial activities againstB. subtilis, whereasS. aethiopiswas more effective onY. lipolytica.None of the extracts showed anti-fungal activity againstS. cerevisiae.Thus these species could be valuable due to their bioactive compounds.
authors: Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Erzincan University, Erzincan 24100, Turkey. htohma@erzincan.edu.tr.
authors: Hatice
authors: H
authors: Tohma
authors: Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Erzincan University, Erzincan 24100, Turkey. koksalekrem@gmail.com.
authors: Ekrem
authors: E
authors: Köksal
authors: Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Bingol University, Bingol 12000, Turkey. omerkilic77@gmail.com.
authors: Ömer
authors: Ö
authors: Kılıç
authors: Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Muş Alparslan University, Muş 49250, Turkey. y.alan@alparslan.edu.tr.
authors: Yusuf
authors: Y
authors: Alan
authors: Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, Dicle University, Diyarbakır 21280, Turkey. mustafaabdullahyilmaz@gmail.com.
authors: Mustafa Abdullah
authors: MA
authors: Yılmaz
authors: Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Atatürk University, Erzurum 25240, Turkey. igulcin@atauni.edu.tr.|Department of Zoology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia. igulcin@atauni.edu.tr.
authors: İlhami
authors: İ
authors: Gülçin
authors: Department of Nursing, School of Health, Muş Alparslan University, Mus 49250, Turkey. ercanbursal@gmail.com.
authors: Ercan
authors: E
authors: Bursal
authors: Department of Zoology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia. salwasel@ksu.edu.sa.
authors: Saleh H
authors: SH
authors: Alwasel
keywords: HPLC-MS/MS; Salvia L. species; antimicrobial activity; antioxidant activity; phenolic compounds