title: Forest Stewardship Council (FSC) pesticide policy and integrated pest management in certified tropical plantations.
abstract: The Forest Stewardship Council (FSC) was the first non-governmental organization composed of multi-stakeholders to ensure the social, environmental, and economic sustainability of forest resources. FSC prohibits certain chemicals and active ingredients in certified forest plantations. A company seeking certification must discontinue use of products so listed and many face problems to comply with these constraints. The aim of this study was to assess the impacts of certification on pest management from the perspective of Brazilian private forestry sector. Ninety-three percent of Brazilian FSC-certified forest companies rated leaf-cutting ants as "very important" pests. Chemical control was the most important management technique used and considered very important by 82 % of respondents. The main chemical used to control leaf-cutting ants, sulfluramid, is in the derogation process and was classified as very important by 96.5 % of the certified companies. Certified companies were generally satisfied in relation to FSC certification and the integrated management of forest pests, but 27.6 % agreed that the prohibitions of pesticides for leaf-cutting ant and termite control could be considered as a non-tariff barrier on high-productivity Brazilian forest plantations. FSC forest certification has encouraged the implementation of more sustainable techniques and decisions in pest management in forest plantations in Brazil. The prohibition on pesticides like sulfluramid and the use of alternatives without the same efficiency will result in pest mismanagement, production losses, and higher costs. This work has shown that the application of global rules for sustainable forest management needs to adapt to each local reality.
authors: Instituto de Ciências Agrárias, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Av. Universitária, 1000, Universitário, Montes Claros, Minas Gerais, 39404-547, Brazil. pedroglemes@ufmg.br.
authors: Pedro Guilherme
authors: http://orcid.org/0000-0002-1364-0424
authors: PG
authors: Lemes
authors: Departamento de Engenharia Florestal/BIOAGRO, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Av. P. H. Rolfs, s/n, Centro, Viçosa, Minas Gerais, 36570-900, Brazil.
authors: José Cola
authors: JC
authors: Zanuncio
authors: Departamento de Biologia Geral, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Av. P. H. Rolfs, s/n, Centro, Viçosa, Minas Gerais, 36570-900, Brazil.
authors: José Eduardo
authors: JE
authors: Serrão
authors: Forest Industries Research Centre, Faculty of Arts and Business, University of the Sunshine Coast, 90 Sippy Downs Dr, Sippy Downs, QLD, 4556, Australia.
authors: Simon A
authors: SA
authors: Lawson
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001000:Ants; D001938:Brazil; D005466:Fluorocarbons; D016468:Forestry / Q000379:methods*; D065928:Forests; D010571:Pest Control / Q000379:methods*; D010575:Pesticides; D017149:Private Sector; D013449:Sulfonamides
chemical_list: D005466:Fluorocarbons; D010575:Pesticides; D013449:Sulfonamides; C063732:sulfluramid
keywords: Certification; Derogation; Forest entomology; IPM; Pesticides; Sulfluramid