title: Evidence for parasite-mediated selection during short-lasting toxic algal blooms.
abstract: Parasites play a role in the control of transient algal blooms, but it is not known whether parasite-mediated selection results in coevolution of the host and the parasites over this short time span. We investigated the presence of coevolution between the toxic dinoflagellate Alexandrium minutum and two naturally occurring endoparasites during blooms lasting a month in two river estuaries, using cross-inoculation experiments across time and space. Higher parasite abundance was associated with a large daily reduction in relative A. minutum abundances, demonstrating strong parasite-mediated selection. There was genetic variability in infectivity in both parasite species, and in resistance in the host. We found no evidence for coevolution in one estuary; however, in the other estuary, we found high genetic diversity in the two parasite species, fluctuations in infectivity and suggestion that the two parasites are well adapted to their host, as in 'Red Queen' dynamics. Thus, coevolution is possible over the short time span of a bloom, but geographically variable, and may feedback on community dynamics.
authors: Department of Infectious Disease Epidemiology, Imperial College London, Norfolk Place, London W2 1PG, UK.
authors: François
authors: 0000-0003-0591-2466
authors: F
authors: Blanquart
authors: Station Biologique de Roscoff, Sorbonne Universités, Université Pierre et Marie Curie (Paris VI), Place Georges Teissier, CS90074, 29688 Roscoff, France.|CNRS, UMI 3614, Pontifica Universidad Catolica de Chile, Universidad Austral de Chile, Place Georges Teissier, CS90074, 29688 Roscoff, France.
authors: Myriam
authors: M
authors: Valero
authors: Departamento de Botânica, Museu Nacional, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Quinta da Boa Vista, s/n, São Cristovão, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil.
authors: Catharina
authors: C
authors: Alves-de-Souza
authors: Station Biologique de Roscoff, Sorbonne Universités, Université Pierre et Marie Curie (Paris VI), Place Georges Teissier, CS90074, 29688 Roscoff, France.|Station Biologique de Roscoff, CNRS, UMR 7144, Place Georges Teissier, CS90074, 29688 Roscoff, France.
authors: Aliou
authors: A
authors: Dia
authors: Station Biologique de Roscoff, Sorbonne Universités, Université Pierre et Marie Curie (Paris VI), Place Georges Teissier, CS90074, 29688 Roscoff, France.|Station Biologique de Roscoff, CNRS, UMR 7144, Place Georges Teissier, CS90074, 29688 Roscoff, France.
authors: Frédéric
authors: F
authors: Lepelletier
authors: Station Biologique de Roscoff, Sorbonne Universités, Université Pierre et Marie Curie (Paris VI), Place Georges Teissier, CS90074, 29688 Roscoff, France.|Station Biologique de Roscoff, CNRS, UMR 7144, Place Georges Teissier, CS90074, 29688 Roscoff, France.
authors: Estelle
authors: E
authors: Bigeard
authors: Station Biologique de Roscoff, Sorbonne Universités, Université Pierre et Marie Curie (Paris VI), Place Georges Teissier, CS90074, 29688 Roscoff, France.|Station Biologique de Roscoff, CNRS, UMR 7144, Place Georges Teissier, CS90074, 29688 Roscoff, France.
authors: Christian
authors: C
authors: Jeanthon
authors: Station Biologique de Roscoff, Sorbonne Universités, Université Pierre et Marie Curie (Paris VI), Place Georges Teissier, CS90074, 29688 Roscoff, France.|CNRS, UMI 3614, Pontifica Universidad Catolica de Chile, Universidad Austral de Chile, Place Georges Teissier, CS90074, 29688 Roscoff, France.
authors: Christophe
authors: C
authors: Destombe
authors: Station Biologique de Roscoff, Sorbonne Universités, Université Pierre et Marie Curie (Paris VI), Place Georges Teissier, CS90074, 29688 Roscoff, France lguillou@sb-roscoff.fr.|Station Biologique de Roscoff, CNRS, UMR 7144, Place Georges Teissier, CS90074, 29688 Roscoff, France.
authors: Laure
authors: L
authors: Guillou
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000073930:Biological Coevolution; D004141:Dinoflagellida / Q000235:genetics*; D063366:Estuaries; D005068:Eutrophication; D014644:Genetic Variation; D006790:Host-Parasite Interactions; D010271:Parasites / Q000145:classification / Q000235:genetics*; D011157:Population Dynamics; D012641:Selection, Genetic
keywords: Red Queen; coevolution; dinoflagellate; harmful algal bloom; local adaptation; time-shift experiment