title: Progress of Trachoma Mapping in Mainland Tanzania: Results of Baseline Surveys from 2012 to 2014.
abstract: Following surveys in 2004-2006 in 50 high-risk districts of mainland Tanzania, trachoma was still suspected to be widespread elsewhere. We report on baseline surveys undertaken from 2012 to 2014.
  
  
  
  A total of 31 districts were surveyed. In 2012 and 2013, 12 at-risk districts were selected based on proximity to known trachoma endemic districts, while in 2014, trachoma rapid assessments were undertaken, and 19 of 55 districts prioritized for baseline surveys. A multi-stage cluster random sampling methodology was applied whereby 20 villages (clusters) and 36 households per cluster were surveyed. Eligible participants, children aged 1-9 years and people aged 15 years and older, were examined for trachoma using the World Health Organization simplified grading system.
  
  
  
  A total of 23,171 households were surveyed and 104,959 participants (92.3% of those enumerated) examined for trachoma signs. A total of 44,511 children aged 1-9 years and 65,255 people aged 15 years and older were examined for trachomatous inflammation-follicular (TF) and trichiasis, respectively. Prevalence of TF varied by district, ranging from 0.0% (95% confidence interval, CI 0.0-0.1%) in Mbinga to 11.8% (95% CI 6.8-16.5%) in Chunya. Trichiasis prevalence was lowest in Urambo (0.03%, 95% CI 0.00-0.24%) and highest in Kibaha (1.08%, 95% CI 0.74-1.43%).
  
  
  
  Only three districts qualified for mass drug administration with azithromycin. Trichiasis is still a public health problem in many districts, thus community-based trichiasis surgery should be considered to prevent blindness due to trachoma. These findings will facilitate achievement of trachoma elimination objectives.
authors: a Neglected Tropical Disease Control Program , Ministry of Health and Social Welfare , Dar es Salaam , Tanzania.
authors: Upendo J
authors: UJ
authors: Mwingira
authors: a Neglected Tropical Disease Control Program , Ministry of Health and Social Welfare , Dar es Salaam , Tanzania.
authors: George
authors: G
authors: Kabona
authors: b National Institute for Medical Research , Dar es Salaam , Tanzania.
authors: Mathias
authors: M
authors: Kamugisha
authors: a Neglected Tropical Disease Control Program , Ministry of Health and Social Welfare , Dar es Salaam , Tanzania.
authors: Edward
authors: E
authors: Kirumbi
authors: a Neglected Tropical Disease Control Program , Ministry of Health and Social Welfare , Dar es Salaam , Tanzania.|c IMA WorldHealth Tanzania , Dar es Salaam , Tanzania.
authors: Bernard
authors: B
authors: Kilembe
authors: a Neglected Tropical Disease Control Program , Ministry of Health and Social Welfare , Dar es Salaam , Tanzania.|d Sightsavers Tanzania , Dar es Salaam , Tanzania.
authors: Alistidia
authors: A
authors: Simon
authors: a Neglected Tropical Disease Control Program , Ministry of Health and Social Welfare , Dar es Salaam , Tanzania.|c IMA WorldHealth Tanzania , Dar es Salaam , Tanzania.
authors: Andreas
authors: A
authors: Nshala
authors: c IMA WorldHealth Tanzania , Dar es Salaam , Tanzania.
authors: Deogratias
authors: D
authors: Damas
authors: e World Health Organization , Dar es Salaam , Tanzania.
authors: Alphonsina
authors: A
authors: Nanai
authors: b National Institute for Medical Research , Dar es Salaam , Tanzania.
authors: Mwelecele
authors: M
authors: Malecela
authors: a Neglected Tropical Disease Control Program , Ministry of Health and Social Welfare , Dar es Salaam , Tanzania.
authors: Maria
authors: M
authors: Chikawe
authors: c IMA WorldHealth Tanzania , Dar es Salaam , Tanzania.
authors: Christina
authors: C
authors: Mbise
authors: f Kongwa Trachoma Project , Kongwa , Tanzania.
authors: Harran
authors: H
authors: Mkocha
authors: g Kilimanjaro Christian Medical Centre , Moshi , Tanzania.
authors: Patrick
authors: P
authors: Massae
authors: h RTI International , Washington , DC , USA.
authors: Humphrey R
authors: HR
authors: Mkali
authors: i RTI International , Dar es Salaam , Tanzania.
authors: Lisa
authors: L
authors: Rotondo
authors: i RTI International , Dar es Salaam , Tanzania.
authors: Kathryn
authors: K
authors: Crowley
authors: j Task Force for Global Health , Decatur , GA , USA.
authors: Rebecca
authors: R
authors: Willis
authors: k Clinical Research Department , London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine , London , UK.
authors: Anthony W
authors: AW
authors: Solomon
authors: i RTI International , Dar es Salaam , Tanzania.
authors: Jeremiah M
authors: JM
authors: Ngondi
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D017963:Azithromycin / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D005260:Female; D006306:Health Surveys; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D008297:Male; D011159:Population Surveillance; D015995:Prevalence; D013636:Tanzania / Q000453:epidemiology; D014141:Trachoma / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000453:epidemiology*
chemical_list: D017963:Azithromycin
keywords: Baseline survey; GTMP; SAFE strategy; Tanzania; trachoma; trichiasis