title: Anopheles plumbeus (Diptera: Culicidae) in Germany: updated geographic distribution and public health impact of a nuisance and vector mosquito.
abstract: The aim of this study was to map the current spatial distribution of Anopheles plumbeus in Germany, a potential vector of malaria parasites and West Nile virus. Reports of mass occurrence and nuisance connected with artificial breeding site usage by this species were analysed.
  
  
  
  Distribution data were collected from 2011 to 2014 mainly through trapping and submissions of adult mosquito specimens to a citizen science project. In the framework of the latter, additional information was gathered on recent nuisance incidents caused by An. plumbeus, including a longitudinal analysis of mosquito occurrence and the impact of management measures at a nuisance site in south-western Germany.
  
  
  
  Based on the most comprehensive set of collection data obtained during the last decades, An. plumbeus is shown to be widely distributed over Germany. The data also indicate a continuing extension of the breeding site repertoire of the species from natural to artificial habitats that facilitate mass development. Increasing incidents of persistent nuisance suggest that this mosquito species is rarely diagnosed correctly and managed adequately.
  
  
  
  As An. plumbeus is both a serious nuisance pest and a potential vector species, awareness of this species and the public health problems linked to it should be raised among pest managers and public health personnel.
authors: Leibniz Centre for Agricultural Landscape Research, Müncheberg, Germany.
authors: Eva C
authors: EC
authors: Heym
authors: Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, Federal Research Institute for Animal Health, Greifswald - Insel Riems, Germany.
authors: Helge
authors: H
authors: Kampen
authors: Federal Institute for Geosciences and Natural Resources (BGR), Hannover, Germany.
authors: Marcus
authors: M
authors: Fahle
authors: Landscape Ecology and Environmental Systems Analysis, Institute of Geoecology, Technische Universität, Braunschweig, Germany.|Ecohydrology and Landscape Evaluation, Institute of Ecology, Technische Universität, Berlin, Germany.
authors: Tobias L
authors: TL
authors: Hohenbrink
authors: Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, Federal Research Institute for Animal Health, Greifswald - Insel Riems, Germany.
authors: Mandy
authors: M
authors: Schäfer
authors: Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, Federal Research Institute for Animal Health, Greifswald - Insel Riems, Germany.
authors: Dorothee E
authors: DE
authors: Scheuch
authors: Leibniz Centre for Agricultural Landscape Research, Müncheberg, Germany.
authors: Doreen
authors: D
authors: Walther
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000852:Anopheles; D017753:Ecosystem; D005858:Germany / Q000453:epidemiology; D006801:Humans; D008288:Malaria / Q000453:epidemiology*; D000072138:Mosquito Vectors; D062206:Spatial Analysis; D014901:West Nile Fever / Q000453:epidemiology*
keywords: cambio ambiental; changement environnemental; ciencia ciudadana; citizen science; criadero en huecos de árboles; disease vector; diseño masivo; développement de masse; environmental change; mass development; molestia; nuisance; science citoyenne; tree-hole breeder; vecteur de maladie; vector de enfermedad; éleveur