title: Sonocatalytic degradation of diclofenac with FeCeOxparticles in water.
abstract: This paper studies the sonocatalytic degradation of diclofenac in water using FeCeOx-catalyzed ultrasound. The effects of pre-adsorption and gas addition were investigated. Nitrogen adsorption/desorption, SEM, XRD, Raman and XPS analyses of FeCeOxbefore and after sonication were characterized. The proposed mechanism was based on the microstructure changes of FeCeOxand reactive-species-scavenging performances. The results show that FeCeOxhas excellent performance in catalyzing an ultrasonic system in water, and 80% of diclofenac was removed in 30min ([Diclofenac]=20mg/L, FeCeOxamount=0.5g/L, pH=6, ultrasonic density=3.0W/cm3, ultrasonic frequency=20kHz, temperature=298K). The Fe, Ce, and O elements remained highly dispersed in the structure of FeCeOx, and the solid solution structure of FeCeOxremained stable after the reaction. Ce (III) was gradually oxidized to Ce (IV) and Fe (III) was gradually reduced to Fe (II) after the reaction, which indicates that Fe and Ce ions with different valences coexisted in dynamic equilibrium. The amount of oxygen vacancies in FeCeOxsignificantly decreased after the reaction, which indicates that oxygen vacancy participated in the ultrasonic process. Singlet oxygen1O2was the primary reactive species in the degradation process, and the hydroxyl radicals OH and superoxide radical anion O2-also participated in the reaction. FeCeOxhad excellent chemical stability with negligible leaching ions in the ultrasonic process.
authors: School of Environment & Natural Resource, Renmin University of China, Beijing 100872, China. Electronic address: chongshan@ruc.edu.cn.
authors: Shan
authors: S
authors: Chong
authors: School of Environment & Natural Resource, Renmin University of China, Beijing 100872, China. Electronic address: zgm@ruc.edu.cn.
authors: Guangming
authors: G
authors: Zhang
authors: School of Environment & Natural Resource, Renmin University of China, Beijing 100872, China. Electronic address: 408511242@qq.com.
authors: Zhongheng
authors: Z
authors: Wei
authors: School of Environment & Natural Resource, Renmin University of China, Beijing 100872, China. Electronic address: zhangnan0923@163.com.
authors: Nan
authors: N
authors: Zhang
authors: School of Environment & Natural Resource, Renmin University of China, Beijing 100872, China. Electronic address: jason_huangting@163.com.
authors: Ting
authors: T
authors: Huang
authors: School of Environment & Natural Resource, Renmin University of China, Beijing 100872, China. Electronic address: lyucan@ruc.edu.cn.
authors: Yucan
authors: Y
authors: Liu
mesh_terms: D000327:Adsorption; D002384:Catalysis; D002563:Cerium / Q000737:chemistry*; D004008:Diclofenac / Q000737:chemistry*; D007501:Iron / Q000737:chemistry*; D009584:Nitrogen / Q000737:chemistry; D013010:Sonication; D014867:Water / Q000737:chemistry*
chemical_list: D014867:Water; D004008:Diclofenac; D002563:Cerium; C030583:ceric oxide; D007501:Iron; D009584:Nitrogen
keywords: Diclofenac; FeCeO(x); Oxygen vacancy; Singlet oxygen; Ultrasound