title: Gender inequality and violence against women in Spain, 2006-2014: towards a civilized society.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Considering both the economic crisis of 2008 and the Gender Equality Law (2007), this study analyses the association between gender inequality in Spanish Autonomous Communities (AC) and intimate partner violence (IPV) from 2006 to 2014 in terms of socio-demographic characteristics.
  
  
  METHODS
  Ecological study in the 17 Spanish AC on the correlation between the reported cases by IPV and deaths and the Gender Inequality Index and its dimensions: empowerment, participation in the labour market and adolescent birth rates; and their correlation with Young People Not in Education, Employment or Training (NEET).
  
  
  RESULTS
  In 2006, IPV mortality rates were higher in autonomous communities with greater gender inequality than AC with more equality (4.1 vs. 2.5×106women >14 years), as were reporting rates of IPV (OR=1.49; 95% CI: 1.47-1.50). In 2014, the IPV mortality rates in AC with greater gender inequality fell to just below the mortality rates in AC with more gender equality (2.5 vs. 2.7×106women >14 years). Rates of IPV reports also decreased (OR=1.22; 95% CI: 1.20-1.23). Adolescent birth rates were most associated with IPV reports, which were also associated with the burden of NEET by AC (ρ2006=0.494, ρ2014=0.615).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Gender-sensitive policies may serve as a platform for reduced mortality and reports of IPV in Spain, particularly in AC with more gender inequality. A reduction of NEET may reduce adolescent birth rates and in turn IPV rates.
authors: School of Nursing and Health Sciences, University of Miami, Miami, FL, USA.
authors: Erika M
authors: EM
authors: Redding
authors: Grupo de Investigación de Salud Pública, Universidad de Alicante, Campus San Vicente del Raspeig, Alicante, Spain; CIBER de Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Spain.
authors: María Teresa
authors: MT
authors: Ruiz-Cantero
authors: Grupo de Investigación de Salud Pública, Universidad de Alicante, Campus San Vicente del Raspeig, Alicante, Spain. Electronic address: j.fernandez@ua.es.
authors: José
authors: J
authors: Fernández-Sáez
authors: Grupo de Investigación de Salud Pública, Universidad de Alicante, Campus San Vicente del Raspeig, Alicante, Spain; Facultad de Ciencias Económicas y Empresariales, Universidad de Cantabria, Santander, Spain.
authors: Marta
authors: M
authors: Guijarro-Garvi
mesh_terms: D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007398:Interpersonal Relations; D000066511:Intimate Partner Violence / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D012959:Socioeconomic Factors; D013030:Spain; D013997:Time Factors
keywords: Gender and health; Género y salud; Indexes; Intimate partner violence; Violence against women; Violencia contra la mujer; Violencia de pareja; Índices