title: Screening of lipophilic marine toxins in marine aquaculture environment using liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry.
abstract: This study aimed to develop an exact mass suspect screening approach to perform finding of multiple lipophilic marine toxins (LMTs) in seawater, suspended particulate matter (SPM), and marine sediment from marine aquaculture area using liquid chromatography-time of flight mass spectrometry (LC-TOF/MS). The method was validated and proven to be reliable for the screening of various LMTs. Then, the method was applied to screen LMTs in marine environmental samples collected from mariculture area of Jiaozhou Bay, China. Okadaic acid (OA), pectenotoxin 2 (PTX2), etc were detected and tentatively identified. Positive detection results were confirmed by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS), and contents of OA and PTX2 in seawater, SPM and marine sediment were also quantified. The mean concentration of OA ranged from 2.71 to 14.06 ng L-1in seawater and from 0.78 to 3.34 ng g-1dry weight in marine sediment. The mean concentration of PTX2 ranged from 0.86 to 7.90 ng L-1in seawater, from 1.56 to 10.67 ng in SPM obtained from 1 L seawater sample and from 0.95 to 2.23 ng g-1dry weight in marine sediment. The above results suggested that the proposed method was convenient and reliable for the screening of LMTs in different marine environmental samples. In addition, typical LMTs exist in different marine environmental media of the mariculture area of Jiaozhou Bay, China. Follow-up studies should focus on improving current understanding on the environmental behavior of these LMTs in the marine aquaculture environment.
authors: Research Center for Marine Ecology, The First Institute of Oceanography, State Oceanic Administration, Qingdao, 266061, China; Laboratory for Marine Ecology and Environmental Science, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266071, China. Electronic address: craige2000@hotmail.com.
authors: Junhui
authors: J
authors: Chen
authors: Research Center for Marine Ecology, The First Institute of Oceanography, State Oceanic Administration, Qingdao, 266061, China.
authors: Xin
authors: X
authors: Li
authors: Research Center for Marine Ecology, The First Institute of Oceanography, State Oceanic Administration, Qingdao, 266061, China; Laboratory for Marine Ecology and Environmental Science, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266071, China.
authors: Shuai
authors: S
authors: Wang
authors: Research Center for Marine Ecology, The First Institute of Oceanography, State Oceanic Administration, Qingdao, 266061, China.
authors: Farong
authors: F
authors: Chen
authors: Research Center for Marine Ecology, The First Institute of Oceanography, State Oceanic Administration, Qingdao, 266061, China; Laboratory for Marine Ecology and Environmental Science, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266071, China.
authors: Wei
authors: W
authors: Cao
authors: Research Center for Marine Ecology, The First Institute of Oceanography, State Oceanic Administration, Qingdao, 266061, China.
authors: Chengjun
authors: C
authors: Sun
authors: Research Center for Marine Ecology, The First Institute of Oceanography, State Oceanic Administration, Qingdao, 266061, China; Laboratory for Marine Ecology and Environmental Science, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266071, China.
authors: Li
authors: L
authors: Zheng
authors: Research Center for Marine Ecology, The First Institute of Oceanography, State Oceanic Administration, Qingdao, 266061, China.
authors: Xiaoru
authors: X
authors: Wang
mesh_terms: D017756:Aquaculture; D002681:China; D002853:Chromatography, Liquid / Q000379:methods; D004784:Environmental Monitoring / Q000379:methods*; D019015:Geologic Sediments / Q000032:analysis*; D008387:Marine Toxins / Q000032:analysis*; D052638:Particulate Matter / Q000032:analysis*; D012623:Seawater / Q000032:analysis*; D053719:Tandem Mass Spectrometry / Q000379:methods
chemical_list: D008387:Marine Toxins; D052638:Particulate Matter
keywords: High resolution mass spectrometry; Lipophilic marine toxins; Marine sediment; Seawater; Suspended particulate mater