title: Available sustainable alternatives replace endangered animal horn based on their proteomic analysis and bio-effect evaluation.
abstract: The use of endangered animal products in traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) and other ethno-medicines is culturally widespread across many regions of Asia. In the present study, traditional efficacies of seven types of animal horn including antipyretic, sedative and procoagulant activities were evaluated. Shotgun proteomic analysis was performed on material from horns following separation into soluble and insoluble fractions. Over 200 proteins were identified in each sample using nano LC-MS/MS, and these were classified according to their molecular function and cellular component using principal component analysis (PCA). The results indicated that seven horns showed antipyretic, sedative and procoagulant effect. Proteomic analysis showed that YH and WBH were similar to RH in terms of protein profile, and GH was similar to SAH. In addition, YH and GH were similar to RH in their cellular component classification profile. PCA based on the composition of keratin and keratin-associated proteins showed that constituents of WBH and GH were similar to RH and SAH, respectively. This is the first analysis of the protein content of animal horns used in TCM, and it is effective to substitute the horn of endangered animals with sustainable alternatives from domestic animals.
authors: Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization, and National and Local Collaborative Engineering Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization and Formulae Innovative Medicine, Nanjing 210023, P.R. China.|Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Research and Development in Marine Bio-resource Pharmaceutics, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, P.R. China.|Jiangsu Key Laboratory for High Technology Research of TCM Formulae, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, P.R. China.
authors: Rui
authors: R
authors: Liu
authors: School of Pharmacy, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, P.R. China.|Suzhou Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Suzhou, 215009, P.R. China.
authors: Fei
authors: F
authors: Wang
authors: The First Affiliated Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, P.R. China.
authors: Qiong
authors: Q
authors: Huang
authors: Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization, and National and Local Collaborative Engineering Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization and Formulae Innovative Medicine, Nanjing 210023, P.R. China.|Jiangsu Key Laboratory for High Technology Research of TCM Formulae, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, P.R. China.
authors: Jin-Ao
authors: JA
authors: Duan
authors: Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization, and National and Local Collaborative Engineering Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization and Formulae Innovative Medicine, Nanjing 210023, P.R. China.|Jiangsu Key Laboratory for High Technology Research of TCM Formulae, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, P.R. China.
authors: Pei
authors: P
authors: Liu
authors: Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization, and National and Local Collaborative Engineering Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization and Formulae Innovative Medicine, Nanjing 210023, P.R. China.|Jiangsu Key Laboratory for High Technology Research of TCM Formulae, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, P.R. China.
authors: Erxin
authors: E
authors: Shang
authors: Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Research and Development in Marine Bio-resource Pharmaceutics, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, P.R. China.
authors: Dong
authors: D
authors: Zhu
authors: Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization, and National and Local Collaborative Engineering Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization and Formulae Innovative Medicine, Nanjing 210023, P.R. China.|Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Research and Development in Marine Bio-resource Pharmaceutics, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, P.R. China.
authors: Hongmei
authors: H
authors: Wen
authors: Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization, and National and Local Collaborative Engineering Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization and Formulae Innovative Medicine, Nanjing 210023, P.R. China.|Jiangsu Key Laboratory for High Technology Research of TCM Formulae, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, P.R. China.
authors: Dawei
authors: D
authors: Qian
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D058633:Antipyretics / Q000032:analysis / Q000494:pharmacology; D001208:Asia; D001685:Biological Factors / Q000032:analysis* / Q000494:pharmacology*; D002853:Chromatography, Liquid; D003029:Coagulants / Q000032:analysis / Q000494:pharmacology; D006733:Horns / Q000737:chemistry*; D006993:Hypnotics and Sedatives / Q000032:analysis / Q000494:pharmacology; D020543:Proteome / Q000032:analysis*; D040901:Proteomics; D053719:Tandem Mass Spectrometry
chemical_list: D058633:Antipyretics; D001685:Biological Factors; D003029:Coagulants; D006993:Hypnotics and Sedatives; D020543:Proteome