title: Imaging for Oncologic Response Assessment in Lymphoma.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The purpose of this article is to examine the role of different imaging biomarkers, focusing in particular on the use of updated CT and PET response criteria for the assessment of oncologic treatment effectiveness in patients with lymphoma but also discussing other potential functional imaging methods and their limitations.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Lymph nodes are commonly involved by metastatic solid tumors as well as by lymphoma. Evolving changes in cancer therapy for lymphoma and metastases have led to improved clinical outcomes. Imaging is a recognized surrogate endpoint that uses established criteria based on changes in tumor bulk to monitor the effects of treatment. With the introduction of targeted therapies and novel antiangiogenic drugs, the oncologic expectations from imaging assessment are changing to move beyond simple morphologic methods. Molecular and functional imaging methods (e.g., PET, perfusion, DWI, and dual-energy CT) are therefore being investigated as imaging biomarkers of response and prognosis. The role of these advanced imaging biomarkers extends beyond measuring tumor burden and therefore might offer insight into early predictors of therapeutic response. Despite the potential benefits of these exciting imaging biomarkers, several challenges currently exist.
authors: 1 Division of Abdominal Imaging, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI.
authors: Naveen M
authors: NM
authors: Kulkarni
authors: 2 University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX.
authors: Daniella F
authors: DF
authors: Pinho
authors: 3 Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh of UPMC, Pittsburgh, PA.
authors: Srikala
authors: S
authors: Narayanan
authors: 4 Division of Abdominal Imaging and Intervention, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, 55 Fruit St, White 270, Boston, MA 02114.
authors: Avinash R
authors: AR
authors: Kambadakone
authors: 5 Cancer Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA.
authors: Jeremy S
authors: JS
authors: Abramson
authors: 4 Division of Abdominal Imaging and Intervention, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, 55 Fruit St, White 270, Boston, MA 02114.
authors: Dushyant V
authors: DV
authors: Sahani
mesh_terms: D038524:Diffusion Magnetic Resonance Imaging / Q000379:methods*; D006801:Humans; D008223:Lymphoma / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000628:therapy*; D057054:Molecular Imaging / Q000379:methods; D017063:Outcome Assessment, Health Care / Q000379:methods*; D049268:Positron-Emission Tomography / Q000379:methods*; D014057:Tomography, X-Ray Computed / Q000379:methods*; D016896:Treatment Outcome
keywords: DWI; International Working Group criteria; Lugano criteria; PET; lymphoma