title: Mortality following congenital diaphragmatic hernia repair: the role of anesthesia.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Mortality following surgical repair of congenital diaphragmatic hernia (CDH) remains high. The volume and type of perioperative intravenous fluid administered, baro-trauma, oxygen toxicity, and the duration of anesthesia are thought to affect outcome in surgical populations.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  The aim of this retrospective observational study was to determine whether the perioperative volume or type of fluids and/or the duration of anesthesia were associated with postoperative mortality and if mortality was predicted by the oxygenation index (OI) prior to or following CDH surgical repair.
  
  
  METHODS
  The records of infants with a left-sided CDH and without other congenital anomalies, who underwent surgical repair between April 2009 and March 2015, were examined. The oxygenation index was used to "quantify" the severity of lung function abnormality and reported as the best OI on day 1 after birth (OIBEST), the OI immediately prior to surgery (OIPRE) and at 1, 6, 12, and 24 h postsurgery (OI1h, OI6h, OI12h, OI24h), respectively. The change in the OI index (delta OI) was calculated by subtracting OIPREfrom postoperative OIs.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The records of 37 CDH infants (median gestational age 35.8, range 31.5-41.4 weeks) were assessed; six died postoperatively. Neither the duration of anesthesia, the volume of crystalloids or colloids administered, nor the peak inflation pressures used during surgical repair were significantly correlated with postoperative mortality. Neither fetal tracheal occlusion nor use of a parietal patch significantly influenced mortality. The postoperative OI1h, OI6h, OI12hshowed weak evidence for a difference between survivors and nonsurvivors. An OI24hof ≥5.5 predicted mortality with 100% sensitivity (95% CI, confidence intervals (CI) 40-100) and 93.1% specificity (95% CI, 77-99).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Neither the volume of intraoperative fluids administered nor the duration of anesthesia was associated with postoperative death. The OI 24 h postsurgery was the best predictor of an increased risk of mortality.
authors: Department of Anaesthetics, King's College Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK.
authors: Chulananda
authors: C
authors: Goonasekera
authors: Neonatal Intensive Care Centre, King's College Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK.
authors: Kamal
authors: K
authors: Ali
authors: Neonatal Intensive Care Centre, King's College Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK.
authors: Ann
authors: A
authors: Hickey
authors: Neonatal Intensive Care Centre, King's College Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK.
authors: Lekshmi
authors: L
authors: Sasidharan
authors: Department of Anaesthetics, King's College Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK.
authors: Malcolm
authors: M
authors: Mathew
authors: Department of Paediatric Surgery, Kings College Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK.
authors: Mark
authors: M
authors: Davenport
authors: Division of Asthma, Allergy and Lung Biology, MRC Centre for Allergic Mechanisms of Asthma, King's College London, London, UK.|NIHR Biomedical Centre at Guy's & St Thomas NHS Foundation Trust and King's College, London, UK.
authors: Anne
authors: A
authors: Greenough
mesh_terms: D000758:Anesthesia / Q000379:methods*; D005260:Female; D005440:Fluid Therapy / Q000379:methods; D065630:Hernias, Diaphragmatic, Congenital / Q000401:mortality* / Q000601:surgery*; D006801:Humans; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D008297:Male; D019990:Perioperative Care / Q000379:methods; D011183:Postoperative Complications / Q000401:mortality*; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D013997:Time Factors
keywords: anesthetic duration; blood transfusion; colloids; crystalloids; oxygenation index; survival predication