title: Enzyme Immobilization and Mediation with Osmium Redox Polymers.
abstract: Enzymatic electrodes are becoming increasingly common for energy production and sensing applications. Research over the past several decades has addressed a major issue that can occur when using these biocatalysts, i.e., slow heterogeneous electron transfer, by incorporation of a redox active species to act as an electron shuttle. There are several advantages to immobilizing both the enzyme and mediator at the enzyme surface, including increased electron transfer rates, decreased enzyme leaching, and minimized diffusion limitations. Redox polymers consisting of a redox active center attached to a polymer backbone are a particularly attractive option because they have high self-exchange rates for electron transfer and tunable redox potential. Osmium (Os) polymers are the most well studied of this type of polymer for bioelectrocatalysis. Here, we describe the methods to synthesize one of the most common Os redox polymers and how it can be used to fabricate glucose oxidase electrodes. Procedures are also outlined for evaluating the enzymatic electrodes.
authors: Chemistry Department, Lebanon Valley College, 101 N College Avenue, Annville, PA, 17003-1400, USA.
authors: Gaige R
authors: GR
authors: VandeZande
authors: Chemistry Department, Lebanon Valley College, 101 N College Avenue, Annville, PA, 17003-1400, USA.
authors: Jasmine M
authors: JM
authors: Olvany
authors: Chemistry Department, Lebanon Valley College, 101 N College Avenue, Annville, PA, 17003-1400, USA.
authors: Julia L
authors: JL
authors: Rutherford
authors: Chemistry Department, Lebanon Valley College, 101 N College Avenue, Annville, PA, 17003-1400, USA. rasmusse@lvc.edu.
authors: Michelle
authors: M
authors: Rasmussen
mesh_terms: D015082:2,2'-Dipyridyl / Q000031:analogs & derivatives*; D001234:Aspergillus niger / Q000737:chemistry / Q000201:enzymology* / Q000378:metabolism; D015374:Biosensing Techniques / Q000379:methods; D055664:Electrochemical Techniques / Q000379:methods; D004566:Electrodes; D004579:Electron Transport; D004800:Enzymes, Immobilized / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000378:metabolism; D005947:Glucose / Q000032:analysis / Q000378:metabolism; D005949:Glucose Oxidase / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000378:metabolism; D007093:Imidazoles / Q000737:chemistry; D008958:Models, Molecular; D009992:Osmium / Q000737:chemistry*; D010084:Oxidation-Reduction; D011108:Polymers / Q000737:chemistry*; D011145:Polyvinyls / Q000737:chemistry
chemical_list: D004800:Enzymes, Immobilized; D007093:Imidazoles; D011108:Polymers; D011145:Polyvinyls; C524090:poly(1-vinylimidazole); D009992:Osmium; D015082:2,2'-Dipyridyl; D005949:Glucose Oxidase; D005947:Glucose
keywords: Enzyme immobilization; Mediated electron transfer; Mediator; Osmium polymer; Redox polymer