title: Immature myeloid cells in the tumor microenvironment: Implications for immunotherapy.
abstract: Various preclinical studies have demonstrated that the success of immunotherapeutic strategies in inhibiting tumor progression in animal models of Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM). It is also evident that tumor-induced immune suppression drastically impacts the efficacy of immune based therapies. Among the mechanisms employed by GBM to induce immunosuppression is the accumulation of regulatory T cells (Tregs) and Myeloid derived suppressor cells (MDSCs). Advancing our understanding about the pathways regulating the expansion, accumulation and activity of MDSCs will allow for the development of therapies aimed at abolishing the inhibitory effect of these cells on immunotherapeutic approaches. In this review, we have focused on the origin, expansion and immunosuppressive mechanisms of MDSCs in animal models and human cancer, in particular GBM.
authors: Department of Neurosurgery, The University of Michigan School of Medicine, MSRB II, RM 4570C, 1150 West Medical Center Drive, Ann Arbor, MI 48109-5689, USA; Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, The University of Michigan School of Medicine, MSRB II, RM 4570C, 1150 West Medical Center Drive, Ann Arbor, MI 48109-5689, USA.
authors: Neha
authors: N
authors: Kamran
authors: Department of Neurosurgery, The University of Michigan School of Medicine, MSRB II, RM 4570C, 1150 West Medical Center Drive, Ann Arbor, MI 48109-5689, USA; Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, The University of Michigan School of Medicine, MSRB II, RM 4570C, 1150 West Medical Center Drive, Ann Arbor, MI 48109-5689, USA.
authors: Mayuri
authors: M
authors: Chandran
authors: Department of Neurosurgery, The University of Michigan School of Medicine, MSRB II, RM 4570C, 1150 West Medical Center Drive, Ann Arbor, MI 48109-5689, USA; Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, The University of Michigan School of Medicine, MSRB II, RM 4570C, 1150 West Medical Center Drive, Ann Arbor, MI 48109-5689, USA.
authors: Pedro R
authors: PR
authors: Lowenstein
authors: Department of Neurosurgery, The University of Michigan School of Medicine, MSRB II, RM 4570C, 1150 West Medical Center Drive, Ann Arbor, MI 48109-5689, USA; Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, The University of Michigan School of Medicine, MSRB II, RM 4570C, 1150 West Medical Center Drive, Ann Arbor, MI 48109-5689, USA. Electronic address: mariacas@umich.edu.
authors: Maria G
authors: MG
authors: Castro
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001932:Brain Neoplasms / Q000276:immunology / Q000473:pathology / Q000628:therapy; D005909:Glioblastoma / Q000276:immunology / Q000473:pathology / Q000628:therapy; D006801:Humans; D007167:Immunotherapy / Q000379:methods*; D022423:Myeloid Cells / Q000276:immunology*; D000072737:Myeloid-Derived Suppressor Cells / Q000276:immunology*; D009369:Neoplasms / Q000276:immunology / Q000473:pathology / Q000628:therapy*; D050378:T-Lymphocytes, Regulatory / Q000276:immunology; D059016:Tumor Microenvironment / Q000276:immunology*
keywords: Glioma; Immunotherapy; Myeloid derived suppressor cells; T cells; Tumor microenvironment