title: Forces shaping the Drosophila wing.
abstract: How genes encode the three-dimensional shape of tissues is a fascinating problem in biology. Pioneering genetic studies in the fruit fly Drosophila have identified key genes that control the generation of force patterns in the developing wing. Shortrange force patterns generated by planar polarised myosins can promote boundary formation and tissue elongation during the larval wing disc stage. Long-range force patterns are also crucial to shaping the wing during the pupal stage. We review the different ways in which both local and global force patterns can be generated, such as: patterned acto-myosin contractility, patterned anchorage to the extracellular matrix, and patterned tissue growth. In all cases, the balance between force, mass, and resistance explains how the resulting mechanical response produces particular tissue forms-a point underscored by the ability of computer simulations of tissue mechanics to reproduce such morphogenetic events.
authors: The Francis Crick Institute, 1 Brill Place, London NW1 1BF, United Kingdom.
authors: M C
authors: MC
authors: Diaz de la Loza
authors: The Francis Crick Institute, 1 Brill Place, London NW1 1BF, United Kingdom. Electronic address: barry.thompson@crick.ac.uk.
authors: B J
authors: BJ
authors: Thompson
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D017209:Apoptosis; D001696:Biomechanical Phenomena; D019521:Body Patterning / Q000235:genetics*; D002455:Cell Division; D016764:Cell Polarity; D029721:Drosophila Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D004331:Drosophila melanogaster / Q000235:genetics / Q000254:growth & development* / Q000378:metabolism; D004847:Epithelial Cells / Q000166:cytology* / Q000378:metabolism; D018507:Gene Expression Regulation, Developmental; D007814:Larva / Q000235:genetics / Q000254:growth & development / Q000378:metabolism; D008954:Models, Biological; D011679:Pupa / Q000235:genetics / Q000254:growth & development / Q000378:metabolism; D014921:Wings, Animal / Q000166:cytology / Q000254:growth & development* / Q000378:metabolism; D051155:Wnt1 Protein / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D029721:Drosophila Proteins; D051155:Wnt1 Protein; C064196:dpp protein, Drosophila; C074622:wg protein, Drosophila