title: The Chemokine CXCL-10 Is a Marker of Infection Stage in Individuals With DNAemia Due to Parvovirus B19.
abstract: Accurate diagnosis of parvovirus B19 (B19V) infection requires the differentiation between acute and past infection, which is especially important when DNAemia due to B19V (hereafter, "B19V DNAemia") is detected in pregnancy. Here, we explored whether the level of the chemokine CXCL-10, in combination with findings of molecular and serological assays, can discriminate between acute and past B19V infection.
  
  
  
  B19V DNA-positive serum samples from 222 immunocompetent individuals were analyzed for (1) viral DNA loads, (2) anti-B19V immunoglobulin M (IgM) and immunoglobulin G (IgG), (3) anti-VP1 IgG avidity, (4) anti-VP-2 epitope type specificity (ETS), and (5) CXCL-10 serum levels.
  
  
  
  Anti-B19V IgM and IgG, avidity, and ETS assays were used to categorize individuals with B19V DNAemia as having acute or past B19V infection. Acute B19V infection caused a significant increase in the serum concentration of CXCL-10, compared with the concentration at baseline, before infection. Higher CXCL-10 serum levels were furthermore detected in acute B19V infection as compared to past infection. As a marker, CXCL-10 serum levels could discriminate between acute and past B19V infection, with an excellent discriminatory capacity when CXCL-10 and B19V DNA levels were used as combined parameters.
  
  
  
  Acute B19V infection is associated with increased CXCL-10 production, and measurement of CXCL-10 serum levels thus allows for the staging of B19V infection in individuals with B19V DNAemia.
authors: Department of Virology, Medical University of Vienna, Austria.
authors: Lukas
authors: L
authors: Weseslindtner
authors: Department of Virology, Medical University of Vienna, Austria.
authors: Judith H
authors: JH
authors: Aberle
authors: Haartman Institute, Department of Virology, University of Helsinki, Finland.
authors: Lea
authors: L
authors: Hedman
authors: Haartman Institute, Department of Virology, University of Helsinki, Finland.
authors: Klaus
authors: K
authors: Hedman
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000914:Antibodies, Viral / Q000097:blood; D000915:Antibody Affinity; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000097:blood*; D036022:Capsid Proteins / Q000276:immunology; D054357:Chemokine CXCL10 / Q000097:blood*; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D004279:DNA, Viral / Q000097:blood*; D000939:Epitopes / Q000276:immunology; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007074:Immunoglobulin G / Q000097:blood; D007075:Immunoglobulin M / Q000097:blood; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010322:Parvoviridae Infections / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000473:pathology* / Q000821:virology; D016732:Parvovirus B19, Human / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D011247:Pregnancy; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D019562:Viral Load; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D000914:Antibodies, Viral; D015415:Biomarkers; C114753:CXCL10 protein, human; D036022:Capsid Proteins; D054357:Chemokine CXCL10; D004279:DNA, Viral; D000939:Epitopes; D007074:Immunoglobulin G; D007075:Immunoglobulin M; C095548:capsid protein VP2, parvovirus B19
keywords: B19V; CXCL-10; DNAemia; IP-10; chemokine; parvovirus