title: Nuclear but not mitochondrial-encoded oxidative phosphorylation genes are altered in aging, mild cognitive impairment, and Alzheimer's disease.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  We have comprehensively described the expression profiles of mitochondrial DNA and nuclear DNA genes that encode subunits of the respiratory oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) complexes (I-V) in the hippocampus from young controls, age matched, mild cognitively impaired (MCI), and Alzheimer's disease (AD) subjects.
  
  
  METHODS
  Hippocampal tissues from 44 non-AD controls (NC), 10 amnestic MCI, and 18 AD cases were analyzed on Affymetrix Hg-U133 plus 2.0 arrays.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The microarray data revealed significant down regulation in OXPHOS genes in AD, particularly those encoded in the nucleus. In contrast, there was up regulation of the same gene(s) in MCI subjects compared to AD and ND cases. No significant differences were observed in mtDNA genes identified in the array between AD, ND, and MCI subjects except one mt-ND6.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our findings suggest that restoration of the expression of nuclear-encoded OXPHOS genes in aging could be a viable strategy for blunting AD progression.
authors: ASU-Banner Neurodegenerative Disease Research Center, Biodesign Institute and School of Life Sciences, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, USA; Banner Sun Health Research Institute, Sun City, AZ, USA. Electronic address: diego.mastroeni@asu.edu.
authors: Diego
authors: D
authors: Mastroeni
authors: Biodesign Institute, and Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, USA.
authors: Omar M
authors: OM
authors: Khdour
authors: ASU-Banner Neurodegenerative Disease Research Center, Biodesign Institute and School of Life Sciences, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, USA.
authors: Elaine
authors: E
authors: Delvaux
authors: ASU-Banner Neurodegenerative Disease Research Center, Biodesign Institute and School of Life Sciences, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, USA.
authors: Jennifer
authors: J
authors: Nolz
authors: Banner Sun Health Research Institute, Sun City, AZ, USA.
authors: Gary
authors: G
authors: Olsen
authors: Institute for Memory Impairments and Neurological Disorders, University of California, Irvine, CA, USA.
authors: Nicole
authors: N
authors: Berchtold
authors: Institute for Memory Impairments and Neurological Disorders, University of California, Irvine, CA, USA.
authors: Carl
authors: C
authors: Cotman
authors: Biodesign Institute, and Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, USA.
authors: Sidney M
authors: SM
authors: Hecht
authors: ASU-Banner Neurodegenerative Disease Research Center, Biodesign Institute and School of Life Sciences, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, USA; Banner Sun Health Research Institute, Sun City, AZ, USA.
authors: Paul D
authors: PD
authors: Coleman
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000375:Aging / Q000235:genetics*; D000544:Alzheimer Disease / Q000235:genetics*; D001344:Autopsy; D003072:Cognition Disorders / Q000235:genetics*; D005260:Female; D006624:Hippocampus; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008928:Mitochondria / Q000235:genetics*; D020411:Oligonucleotide Array Sequence Analysis; D010085:Oxidative Phosphorylation
keywords: Aging; Alzheimer's disease; Microarray; Mild cognitively impaired (MCI); Mitochondria; Oxidative phosphorylation-related genes expression; Postmortem brains