title: Breaking up sitting time after stroke (BUST-Stroke).
abstract: Rationale Prolonged sitting is associated with an increased risk of cardiovascular and all-cause mortality and morbidity. The metabolic and cardiovascular effects of breaking up sitting time in people with stroke are unknown. Aims and hypotheses To determine the (i) metabolic and cardiovascular effects and (ii) safety and feasibility of an experimental protocol to break up uninterrupted sitting in people with stroke. We hypothesize that activity breaks will attenuate the effects of uninterrupted sitting on glucose and insulin metabolism, blood pressure, lipid profiles, and plasma fibrinogen and that it will be both safe and feasible. Sample size estimate Based on previous estimates of population variability (SD 1% glucose and 30% insulin), 19 paired observations (i.e. participants) will achieve a power of 0.9 to detect a difference of 0.8% in glucose and 24% in insulin area under the curve (two-tailed testing, α = 0.05). Methods and design People with stroke will complete three experimental conditions one week apart in randomized order: (a) uninterrupted sitting, (b) prolonged sitting with intermittent walking, and (c) prolonged sitting with intermittent standing exercises. Serial blood samples will be collected and blood pressure measured at 30 min intervals for 8 h. Study outcomes Primary outcome will be postprandial glucose and insulin responses. Secondary outcomes will include fibrinogen concentrations, blood pressure, and adverse events and protocol feasibility. Discussion This is the first important step in determining the cardiovascular effects of breaking up sitting time after stroke. Findings will guide future studies testing behavioral strategies to reduce sitting time for the purpose of lowering recurrent stroke risk.
authors: 1 Hunter Stroke Service, Hunter New England Local Health District, Newcastle NSW, Australia.|2 Centre for Research Excellence in Stroke Rehabilitation and Recovery, Hunter Medical Research Institute, Newcastle NSW, Australia.|3 School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Health, University of Newcastle, Newcastle NSW, Australia.|4 Priority Research Centre for Stroke and Brain Injury, University of Newcastle, Newcastle NSW, Australia.
authors: Heidi
authors: H
authors: Janssen
authors: 5 Baker IDI Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne VIC, Australia.
authors: David W
authors: DW
authors: Dunstan
authors: 6 Centre for Research Excellence in Stroke Rehabilitation and Recovery, Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, Heidelberg VIC, Australia.|7 University of Melbourne, Parkville VIC, Australia.
authors: Julie
authors: J
authors: Bernhardt
authors: 2 Centre for Research Excellence in Stroke Rehabilitation and Recovery, Hunter Medical Research Institute, Newcastle NSW, Australia.|4 Priority Research Centre for Stroke and Brain Injury, University of Newcastle, Newcastle NSW, Australia.|8 School of Biomedical Science and Pharmacy, Faculty of Health, University of Newcastle, Newcastle NSW, Australia.
authors: Frederick R
authors: FR
authors: Walker
authors: 3 School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Health, University of Newcastle, Newcastle NSW, Australia.
authors: Amanda
authors: A
authors: Patterson
authors: 2 Centre for Research Excellence in Stroke Rehabilitation and Recovery, Hunter Medical Research Institute, Newcastle NSW, Australia.|4 Priority Research Centre for Stroke and Brain Injury, University of Newcastle, Newcastle NSW, Australia.|8 School of Biomedical Science and Pharmacy, Faculty of Health, University of Newcastle, Newcastle NSW, Australia.|9 Priority Research Centre for Physical Activity and Nutrition, University of Newcastle, Newcastle NSW, Australia.
authors: Robin
authors: R
authors: Callister
authors: 9 Priority Research Centre for Physical Activity and Nutrition, University of Newcastle, Newcastle NSW, Australia.
authors: Ashlee
authors: A
authors: Dunn
authors: 2 Centre for Research Excellence in Stroke Rehabilitation and Recovery, Hunter Medical Research Institute, Newcastle NSW, Australia.|4 Priority Research Centre for Stroke and Brain Injury, University of Newcastle, Newcastle NSW, Australia.|8 School of Biomedical Science and Pharmacy, Faculty of Health, University of Newcastle, Newcastle NSW, Australia.|10 Department of Neurology, John Hunter Hospital, Hunter New England Local Health District, Newcastle NSW, Australia.
authors: Neil J
authors: NJ
authors: Spratt
authors: 2 Centre for Research Excellence in Stroke Rehabilitation and Recovery, Hunter Medical Research Institute, Newcastle NSW, Australia.|3 School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Health, University of Newcastle, Newcastle NSW, Australia.|4 Priority Research Centre for Stroke and Brain Injury, University of Newcastle, Newcastle NSW, Australia.
authors: Coralie
authors: C
authors: English
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D001786:Blood Glucose / Q000378:metabolism; D015444:Exercise / Q000502:physiology; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009765:Obesity / Q000097:blood; D019518:Postprandial Period / Q000502:physiology; D011187:Posture / Q000502:physiology*; D020127:Recovery of Function; D057185:Sedentary Behavior; D020521:Stroke / Q000517:prevention & control* / Q000628:therapy; D016138:Walking / Q000502:physiology*
chemical_list: D001786:Blood Glucose
keywords: Sitting; cardiovascular disease; physical activity; rehabilitation; stroke; stroke risk