title: Natural Proline-Rich Cyclopolypeptides from Marine Organisms: Chemistry, Synthetic Methodologies and Biological Status.
abstract: Peptides have gained increased interest as therapeutics during recent years. More than 60 peptide drugs have reached the market for the benefit of patients and several hundreds of novel therapeutic peptides are in preclinical and clinical development. The key contributor to this success is the potent and specific, yet safe, mode of action of peptides. Among the wide range of biologically-active peptides, naturally-occurring marine-derived cyclopolypeptides exhibit a broad range of unusual and potent pharmacological activities. Because of their size and complexity, proline-rich cyclic peptides (PRCPs) occupy a crucial chemical space in drug discovery that may provide useful scaffolds for modulating more challenging biological targets, such as protein-protein interactions and allosteric binding sites. Diverse pharmacological activities of natural cyclic peptides from marine sponges, tunicates and cyanobacteria have encouraged efforts to develop cyclic peptides with well-known synthetic methods, including solid-phase and solution-phase techniques of peptide synthesis. The present review highlights the natural resources, unique structural features and the most relevant biological properties of proline-rich peptides of marine-origin, focusing on the potential therapeutic role that the PRCPs may play as a promising source of new peptide-based novel drugs.
authors: School of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Life Science, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan 430070, China. wanyinfang@whut.edu.cn.
authors: Wan-Yin
authors: WY
authors: Fang
authors: Laboratory of Peptide Research and Development, School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medical Sciences, The University of the West Indies, Saint Augustine, Trinidad and Tobago, West Indies. Rajiv.Dahiya@sta.uwi.edu.
authors: Rajiv
authors: R
authors: Dahiya
authors: School of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Life Science, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan 430070, China. qinhuali@whut.edu.cn.
authors: Hua-Li
authors: HL
authors: Qin
authors: School of Pharmacy, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Gondar, Gondar 196, Ethiopia. ritz_pharma@yahoo.co.in.
authors: Rita
authors: R
authors: Mourya
authors: Laboratory of Peptide Research and Development, School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medical Sciences, The University of the West Indies, Saint Augustine, Trinidad and Tobago, West Indies. Sandeep.Maharaj@sta.uwi.edu.
authors: Sandeep
authors: S
authors: Maharaj
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D059001:Aquatic Organisms / Q000737:chemistry*; D001688:Biological Products / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000493:pharmacokinetics*; D000458:Cyanobacteria / Q000737:chemistry; D055808:Drug Discovery / Q000379:methods; D006801:Humans; D010456:Peptides, Cyclic / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000494:pharmacology*; D011161:Porifera / Q000737:chemistry; D011392:Proline / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000494:pharmacology*; D014561:Urochordata / Q000737:chemistry
chemical_list: D001688:Biological Products; D010456:Peptides, Cyclic; D011392:Proline
keywords: lipophilicity parameter; marine sponge; marine tunicate; peptide synthesis; pharmacological activity; proline-rich cyclic peptide; stereochemistry