title: Neuro-cognitive system dysfunction and symptom sets: A review of fMRI studies in youth with conduct problems.
abstract: In this paper, we review fMRI work on neuro-cognitive systems that are considered to be dysfunctional in individuals with conduct problems (i.e., individuals with Conduct Disorder (CD), Oppositional Defiant Disorder (ODD) or antisocial behavior without formal clinical diagnosis). These are: empathy, the acute threat response, reinforcement-based decision-making, response inhibition and the Default Mode Network. Evidence regarding the Default Mode Network is somewhat inconsistent and its functional role/the symptom sets consequent on its dysfunction remain underspecified. However, dysfunctions in the other four neuro-cognitive systems are associated with symptom sets seen in individuals with conduct problems.
authors: Section on Affective Cognitive Neuroscience, National Institute of Mental Health, National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services, Building 15K, Room 206, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA. Electronic address: jamesblair@mail.nih.gov.
authors: R J R
authors: RJR
authors: Blair
authors: Department of Cognitive Neuroscience, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud university medical center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.
authors: K
authors: K
authors: Veroude
authors: Department of Cognitive Neuroscience, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud university medical center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands; Karakter Child and Adolescent Psychiatry University Centre, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.
authors: J K
authors: JK
authors: Buitelaar
mesh_terms: D000987:Antisocial Personality Disorder / Q000503:physiopathology*; D019958:Attention Deficit and Disruptive Behavior Disorders / Q000503:physiopathology*; D001931:Brain Mapping; D019955:Conduct Disorder / Q000503:physiopathology*; D006801:Humans; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging; D009434:Neural Pathways / Q000503:physiopathology*
keywords: Aggression; Callous unemotional traits; Conduct disorder; Decision-making; Empathy