title: Association of the ACE rs4646994 and rs4341 polymorphisms with the progression of carotid atherosclerosis in slovenian patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus.
abstract: The current study was designed to reveal possible associations between the angiotensin-converting-enzyme (ACE) gene polymorphisms (rs4646994 and rs4341) with markers of carotid atherosclerosis in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) in a 4-year-long follow-up study. Five hundred and ninety-five T2DM subjects and 200 control subjects were enrolled. Genotyping of ACE polymorphisms was performed using KASPar assays, and ultrasound examinations were performed twice (at the enrollment and at follow-up). With regard to the progression of atherosclerosis in subjects with T2DM, statistically significant differences were demonstrated in the change of the sum of carotid plaques thickness for the rs4646994 polymorphism. We did not demonstrate an association between the tested polymorphisms (rs4646994 and rs4341) and either carotid intima media thickness (CIMT) or CIMT progression in a 3.8-year period. In our study, we demonstrated that subjects with T2DM with the DD genotype of the rs4646994 [ACE insertion/deletion (I/D)] polymorphism had faster progression of atherosclerosis in comparison to subjects with other genotypes.
authors: Institute of Oncology Ljubljana, Zaloška 2, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia.
authors: S
authors: S
authors: Merlo
authors: J
authors: J
authors: Novák
authors: Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, Kamenice 5, building A20, 625 00, Brno, Czech Republic.
authors: N
authors: N
authors: Tkáčová
authors: Institute of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, University in Ljubljana, Vrazov trg 2, Ljubljana, Slovenia.
authors: J
authors: J
authors: Nikolajević Starčević
authors: General Hospital Rakičan, Ulica dr. Vrbnjaka 6, Murska Sobota, 9000, Slovenia.
authors: M
authors: M
authors: Šantl Letonja
authors: General Hospital Slovenj Gradec, Gosposvetska cesta 1, 2380 Slovenj Gradec, Slovenia.
authors: J
authors: J
authors: Makuc
authors: General Hospital Slovenj Gradec, Gosposvetska cesta 1, 2380 Slovenj Gradec, Slovenia.
authors: A
authors: A
authors: Cokan Vujkovac
authors: Institute of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, University in Ljubljana, Vrazov trg 2, Ljubljana, Slovenia.
authors: J
authors: J
authors: Letonja
authors: Institute of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, University in Ljubljana, Vrazov trg 2, Ljubljana, Slovenia.
authors: D
authors: D
authors: Bregar
authors: Institute of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, University in Ljubljana, Vrazov trg 2, Ljubljana, Slovenia.
authors: M
authors: M
authors: Zorc
authors: Institute of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, University in Ljubljana, Vrazov trg 2, Ljubljana, Slovenia.
authors: M
authors: M
authors: Rojko
authors: Institute of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, University in Ljubljana, Vrazov trg 2, Ljubljana, Slovenia.
authors: S
authors: S
authors: Mankoč
authors: Department of Cardiovascular Diseases, International Clinical Research Center, St. Anne´s University Hospital and Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic.
authors: P
authors: P
authors: Kruzliak
authors: Institute of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, University in Ljubljana, Vrazov trg 2, Ljubljana, Slovenia.
authors: D
authors: D
authors: Petrovič
keywords: Angiotensin-converting-enzyme (ACE) gene polymorphism; Association study; Carotid atherosclerosis; Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM)