title: Clinical features and long-term progression of reticular pseudodrusen in age-related macular degeneration: findings from a multicenter cohort.
abstract: PurposeTo determine whether reticular pseudodrusen (RPD) confer a long-term increased risk of progression to late age-related macular degeneration (AMD) in the fellow eye of patients with unilateral wet-AMD.Patients and methodsThis was a multicenter, combined prospective and retrospective, longitudinal, observational, study. Patients with wet-AMD in one eye were recruited from two centers and evaluated on the risk of progression to late-AMD in the second eye (study eye). A minimum follow-up of 5 years was required, unless progression occurred first. Baseline retinal profile of patients was evaluated using multimodal imaging. Baseline images were graded by two separate centers.ResultsWe recruited 88 patients (48 female) with a mean age of 75.6±7.1 years and mean follow-up of 65.7±20.9 months. Baseline prevalence of RPD was 58% (n=51). There was no statistically significant association of RPD with increased age (P=0.29) or sex distribution (P=0.39). The most sensitive image modality for RPD was IR (93%), followed by FAF (92%), OCT (74%, RF (33%) and CFP (29%). After 5 years, 54.50% (n=48) of the study eyes progressed to late-AMD. Of those, 81.25% (n=39) developed CNV and 18.75% (n=9) geographic atrophy. After correcting for age and sex, the presence of RPD was significantly associated with development of late-stage AMD (OR=2.55, P=0.03).ConclusionA multimodal approach is mandatory for RPD detection. RPD are highly prevalent in the fellow eyes of patients with unilateral neovascular AMD. Presence of RPD is associated with increased long-term risk of progression, highlighting the importance of comprehensive multimodal retinal imaging and careful monitoring of at-risk patients.
authors: Department of Ophthalmology-Centro Hospitalar e Universitário de Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal.|Association for Innovation and Biomedical Research on Light and Image (AIBILI), Coimbra, Portugal.
authors: J Q
authors: JQ
authors: Gil
authors: Department of Ophthalmology-Centro Hospitalar e Universitário de Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal.|Association for Innovation and Biomedical Research on Light and Image (AIBILI), Coimbra, Portugal.
authors: J P
authors: JP
authors: Marques
authors: Center for Experimental Medicine, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, UK.
authors: R
authors: R
authors: Hogg
authors: Department of Clinical Science 'Luigi Sacco', Eye Clinic, Sacco Hospital, University of Milan, Milan, Italy.
authors: C
authors: C
authors: Rosina
authors: Department of Ophthalmology-Centro Hospitalar e Universitário de Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal.|Association for Innovation and Biomedical Research on Light and Image (AIBILI), Coimbra, Portugal.|Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal.
authors: M L
authors: ML
authors: Cachulo
authors: Department of Ophthalmology-Centro Hospitalar e Universitário de Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal.|Association for Innovation and Biomedical Research on Light and Image (AIBILI), Coimbra, Portugal.
authors: A
authors: A
authors: Santos
authors: Department of Clinical Science 'Luigi Sacco', Eye Clinic, Sacco Hospital, University of Milan, Milan, Italy.
authors: G
authors: G
authors: Staurenghi
authors: Center for Experimental Medicine, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, UK.
authors: U
authors: U
authors: Chakravarthy
authors: Department of Ophthalmology-Centro Hospitalar e Universitário de Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal.|Association for Innovation and Biomedical Research on Light and Image (AIBILI), Coimbra, Portugal.|Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal.
authors: R
authors: R
authors: Silva
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D018450:Disease Progression; D005260:Female; D057092:Geographic Atrophy / Q000175:diagnosis; D006801:Humans; D016015:Logistic Models; D008137:Longitudinal Studies; D008268:Macular Degeneration / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000473:pathology; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D064847:Multimodal Imaging; D011174:Portugal / Q000453:epidemiology; D015995:Prevalence; D011446:Prospective Studies; D015593:Retinal Drusen / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000473:pathology; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012307:Risk Factors; D013030:Spain / Q000453:epidemiology