title: Biodegradation of Chlorpyrifos, Malathion, and Dimethoate by Three Strains of Bacteria Isolated from Pesticide-Polluted Soils in Sudan.
abstract: This study was done to identify pesticide-biodegrading microorganisms and to characterize degradation rates. Bacillus safensis strain FO-36bT, Bacillus subtilis subsp. inaquosorum strain KCTC13429T, and Bacillus cereus strain ATCC14579Twere isolated from pesticide-polluted soil in Sudan, separately incubated with each pesticide with periodic samples drawn for GC and GC-MS. Pesticide biodegradation followed a biphasic model. α and β half-lives (days) of chlorpyrifos, malathion, and dimethoate in B. safensis culture were 2.13, 4.76; 2.59, 5.66; and 9.5, 11.0, respectively. Values in B. subtilis and B. cereus cultures were 4.09, 9.45 and 4.33, 9.99 for chlorpyrifos; 2.99, 5.36 and 2.43, 4.71 for malathion; and 9.53, 15.11 and 4.16, 9.27 for dimethoate. No metabolite was detected in B. subtilis cultures, whereas a few were detected from B. safensis and B. cereus cultures. Bacterial efficiency can be ordered as B. safensis > B. subtilis > B. cereus for chlorpyrifos and B. cereus > B. subtilis > B. safensis for malathion and dimethoate.
authors: Department of Crop Protection, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Khartoum , Shambat, Sudan.
authors: Abd Elaziz S A
authors: AE
authors: Ishag
authors: Department of Crop Protection, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Khartoum , Shambat, Sudan.
authors: Azhari O
authors: AO
authors: Abdelbagi
authors: Department of Crop Protection, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Khartoum , Shambat, Sudan.|Discipline of Plant Pathology, School of Agriculture Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Kwazulu , Natal, South Africa.
authors: Ahmed M A
authors: AM
authors: Hammad
authors: Department of Soil and Environment, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Khartoum , Shambat, Sudan.
authors: Elsiddig A E
authors: EA
authors: Elsheikh
authors: Faculty of Agricultural Technology and Fish Sciences, Al Neelain University , Khartoum, Sudan.
authors: Osama E
authors: OE
authors: Elsaid
authors: Department of Biological Environment, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Kangwon National University , Chuncheon, Gangwon-do, Republic of Korea.
authors: J-H
authors: JH
authors: Hur
authors: Discipline of Plant Pathology, School of Agriculture Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Kwazulu , Natal, South Africa.
authors: Mark D
authors: MD
authors: Laing
mesh_terms: D001407:Bacillus / Q000145:classification / Q000235:genetics / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000378:metabolism*; D001409:Bacillus cereus / Q000145:classification / Q000235:genetics / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000378:metabolism*; D001673:Biodegradation, Environmental; D004390:Chlorpyrifos / Q000378:metabolism*; D004117:Dimethoate / Q000378:metabolism*; D008294:Malathion / Q000378:metabolism*; D010575:Pesticides / Q000378:metabolism*; D010802:Phylogeny; D012988:Soil Microbiology; D012989:Soil Pollutants / Q000378:metabolism*; D013397:Sudan
chemical_list: D010575:Pesticides; D012989:Soil Pollutants; D004390:Chlorpyrifos; D008294:Malathion; D004117:Dimethoate
keywords: Sudan; bacteria; biodegradation; chlorpyrifos; dimethoate; malathion