title: Dynamic functional connectivity in bipolar disorder is associated with executive function and processing speed: A preliminary study.
abstract: Disturbances in functional connectivity have been suggested to contribute to cognitive and emotion processing deficits observed in bipolar disorder (BD). Functional connectivity between medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) and other brain regions may be particularly abnormal. The goal of the present study was to characterize the temporal dynamics of the default mode network (DMN) connectivity in BD and examine its association with cognition.
  
  
  
  In a preliminary study, euthymic BD (n = 15) and healthy comparison (HC, n = 19) participants underwent resting-state functional MRI, using high-resolution sequences adapted from the Human Connectome Project, and completed neuropsychological measures of processing speed and executive function. A seed-based approach was used to measure DMN correlations in each participant, with regions of interest in the mPFC, posterior cingulate cortex (PCC), and lateral parietal cortex. Subsequently, to characterize temporal dynamics, correlational analyses between the mPFC and other DMN nodes were repeated using a sliding-window correlational analysis with subsets of the time series.
  
  
  
  When averaged across the entire scan, there were no group differences in overall connectivity strength between the mPFC and other regions of the DMN. However, dynamic connectivity between the mPFC and PCC was altered in BD, such that connectivity was less variable (i.e., more rigid) over time. Decreased connectivity variability was associated with slower processing speed and reduced cognitive set-shifting in BD patients.
  
  
  
  Variability in resting-state functional connectivity may be an index of internetwork flexibility that is reduced in BD and a correlate of ongoing cognitive impairment during periods of euthymia. (PsycINFO Database Record
authors: Mental Illness Research, Education, and Clinical Center, Veterans Affairs San Diego Healthcare System.
authors: Tanya T
authors: 0000-0002-9510-9564
authors: TT
authors: Nguyen
authors: Veterans Medical Research Foundation.
authors: Sanja
authors: S
authors: Kovacevic
authors: San Diego State University/University of California, San Diego Joint Doctoral Program in Clinical Psychology.
authors: Sheena I
authors: SI
authors: Dev
authors: Department of Radiology, University of California, San Diego.
authors: Kun
authors: K
authors: Lu
authors: Department of Radiology, University of California, San Diego.
authors: Thomas T
authors: 0000-0002-1978-7486
authors: TT
authors: Liu
authors: Mental Illness Research, Education, and Clinical Center, Veterans Affairs San Diego Healthcare System.
authors: Lisa T
authors: LT
authors: Eyler
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001714:Bipolar Disorder / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000503:physiopathology* / Q000523:psychology*; D001921:Brain / Q000503:physiopathology*; D001931:Brain Mapping; D003071:Cognition / Q000502:physiology*; D003072:Cognition Disorders / Q000503:physiopathology; D004644:Emotions; D056344:Executive Function / Q000502:physiology*; D005260:Female; D006179:Gyrus Cinguli / Q000503:physiopathology; D006801:Humans; D007090:Image Interpretation, Computer-Assisted; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009415:Nerve Net / Q000503:physiopathology*; D009483:Neuropsychological Tests / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D010296:Parietal Lobe / Q000503:physiopathology; D017397:Prefrontal Cortex / Q000503:physiopathology*; D011594:Psychometrics / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D011930:Reaction Time / Q000502:physiology*; D012016:Reference Values