title: Predicting the gas-phase concentration of semi-volatile organic compounds from airborne particles: Application to a French nationwide survey.
abstract: Semi-volatile organic compounds (SVOCs) partition indoors between the gas phase, airborne particles, settled dust, and other surfaces. Unknown concentrations of SVOCs in the gas phase (Cg) can be predicted from their measured concentrations in airborne particles. In previous studies, the prediction of Cgdepended largely on choosing a specific equation for the calculation of the particle/gas partition coefficient. Moreover, the prediction of Cgis frequently performed at a reference temperature rather than the real indoor temperature. In this paper, a probabilistic approach based on Monte Carlo simulation was developed to predict the distribution of SVOCs' Cgfrom their concentrations in airborne particles at the target indoor temperature. Moreover, the distribution of the particle/gas partition coefficient of each SVOC at the target temperature was used. The approach was validated using two measured datasets in the literature: the predicted Cgfrom concentrations measured in airborne particles and the measured Cgwere generally of the same order of magnitude. The distributions of the Cgof 66 SVOCs in the French housing stock were then predicted. The SVOCs with the highest median Cg, ranging from 1ng/m3to >100ng/m3, included 8 phthalates (DEP, DiBP, DBP, DEHP, BBP, DMP, DiNP, and DMEP), 4 polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (fluorene, phenanthrene, fluoranthene, and anthracene), 2 alkylphenols (4-tert-butylphenol and 4-tert-octylphenol), 2 synthetic musks (galaxolide and tonalide), tributyl phosphate, and heptachlor. The nationwide, representative, predicted Cgvalues of SVOCs are frequently of the same order of magnitude in Europe and North America, whereas these Cgvalues in Chinese and Indian dwellings and the Cgof polybrominated diphenyl ethers in U.S. dwellings are generally higher.
authors: University of Paris-Est, Scientific and Technical Center for Building (CSTB), Health and Comfort Department, French Indoor Air Quality Observatory (OQAI), 84 Avenue Jean Jaurès, Champs sur Marne, 77447 Marne la Vallée Cedex 2, France. Electronic address: Wenjuan.Wei@cstb.fr.
authors: Wenjuan
authors: W
authors: Wei
authors: University of Paris-Est, Scientific and Technical Center for Building (CSTB), Health and Comfort Department, French Indoor Air Quality Observatory (OQAI), 84 Avenue Jean Jaurès, Champs sur Marne, 77447 Marne la Vallée Cedex 2, France; INSERM-U1085, Irset-Research Institute for Environmental and Occupational Health, Rennes, France; LERES-Environment and Health Research Laboratory (Irset and EHESP Technologic Platform), Rennes, France.
authors: Corinne
authors: C
authors: Mandin
authors: EHESP-School of Public Health, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Rennes, France; INSERM-U1085, Irset-Research Institute for Environmental and Occupational Health, Rennes, France.
authors: Olivier
authors: O
authors: Blanchard
authors: EHESP-School of Public Health, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Rennes, France; INSERM-U1085, Irset-Research Institute for Environmental and Occupational Health, Rennes, France; LERES-Environment and Health Research Laboratory (Irset and EHESP Technologic Platform), Rennes, France.
authors: Fabien
authors: F
authors: Mercier
authors: EHESP-School of Public Health, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Rennes, France; INSERM-U1085, Irset-Research Institute for Environmental and Occupational Health, Rennes, France.
authors: Maud
authors: M
authors: Pelletier
authors: EHESP-School of Public Health, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Rennes, France; INSERM-U1085, Irset-Research Institute for Environmental and Occupational Health, Rennes, France; LERES-Environment and Health Research Laboratory (Irset and EHESP Technologic Platform), Rennes, France.
authors: Barbara
authors: B
authors: Le Bot
authors: EHESP-School of Public Health, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Rennes, France; INSERM-U1085, Irset-Research Institute for Environmental and Occupational Health, Rennes, France.
authors: Philippe
authors: P
authors: Glorennec
authors: University of Paris-Est, Scientific and Technical Center for Building (CSTB), Health and Comfort Department, French Indoor Air Quality Observatory (OQAI), 84 Avenue Jean Jaurès, Champs sur Marne, 77447 Marne la Vallée Cedex 2, France.
authors: Olivier
authors: O
authors: Ramalho
keywords: Built environment; Dwelling; Indoor air; Modeling; Monte Carlo simulation; SVOC