title: Polyphenol-rich virgin olive oil reduces insulin resistance and liver inflammation and improves mitochondrial dysfunction in high-fat diet fed rats.
abstract: Virgin olive oil is an essential component of the Mediterranean diet. Its antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties are mainly linked to phenolic contents. This study aims to evaluate the beneficial effects of a polyphenol-rich virgin olive oil (HPCOO) or olive oil without polyphenols (WPOO) in rats fed high-fat diet (HFD).
  
  
  
  Male Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into four groups based on the different types of diet: (I) standard diet (STD); (II) HFD; (III) HFD containing WPOO, and (IV) HFD containing HPCOO. HPCOO and WPOO induced a significant improvement of HFD-induced impaired glucose homeostasis (by hyperglycemia, altered oral glucose tolerance, and HOMA-IR) and inflammatory status modulating pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines (TNF-α, IL-1, and IL-10) and adipokines. Moreover, HPCOO and less extensively WPOO, limited HFD-induced liver oxidative and nitrosative stress and increased hepatic fatty acid oxidation. To study mitochondrial performance, oxidative capacity and energy efficiency were also evaluated in isolated liver mitochondria. HPCOO, but not WPOO, reduced H2O2release and aconitase activity by decreasing degree of coupling, which plays a major role in the control of mitochondrial reactive oxygen species emission.
  
  
  
  HPCOO limits HFD-induced insulin resistance, inflammation, and hepatic oxidative stress, preventing nonalcoholic fatty liver disease progression.
authors: Department of Pharmacy, University of Naples "Federico II", Naples, Italy.
authors: Adriano
authors: A
authors: Lama
authors: Department of Pharmacy, University of Naples "Federico II", Naples, Italy.
authors: Claudio
authors: C
authors: Pirozzi
authors: Department of Biology, University of Naples "Federico II", Naples, Italy.
authors: Maria Pia
authors: MP
authors: Mollica
authors: Department of Biology, University of Naples "Federico II", Naples, Italy.
authors: Giovanna
authors: G
authors: Trinchese
authors: Department of Pharmacy, University of Naples "Federico II", Naples, Italy.
authors: Francesca
authors: F
authors: Di Guida
authors: Department of Biology, University of Naples "Federico II", Naples, Italy.
authors: Gina
authors: G
authors: Cavaliere
authors: Department of Pharmacy, University of Naples "Federico II", Naples, Italy.
authors: Antonio
authors: A
authors: Calignano
authors: Department of Pharmacy, University of Naples "Federico II", Naples, Italy.
authors: Giuseppina
authors: G
authors: Mattace Raso
authors: Department of Translational Medical Science, University of Naples "Federico II", Naples, Italy.|European Laboratory for the Investigation of Food Induced Diseases, University of Naples "Federico II", Naples, Italy.|CEINGE Advanced Biotechnologies, University of Naples "Federico II", Naples, Italy.
authors: Roberto
authors: R
authors: Berni Canani
authors: Department of Pharmacy, University of Naples "Federico II", Naples, Italy.
authors: Rosaria
authors: R
authors: Meli
mesh_terms: D054392:Adipokines / Q000097:blood; D000818:Animals; D016207:Cytokines / Q000097:blood; D059305:Diet, High-Fat / Q000009:adverse effects; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D005947:Glucose / Q000378:metabolism; D006505:Hepatitis / Q000178:diet therapy* / Q000209:etiology / Q000503:physiopathology; D007333:Insulin Resistance; D050356:Lipid Metabolism / Q000187:drug effects; D008297:Male; D008930:Mitochondria, Liver / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism; D065626:Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease / Q000178:diet therapy / Q000503:physiopathology; D000069463:Olive Oil / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology*; D018384:Oxidative Stress / Q000187:drug effects; D059808:Polyphenols / Q000494:pharmacology*; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D024505:Tocopherols / Q000494:pharmacology
chemical_list: D054392:Adipokines; D016207:Cytokines; D000069463:Olive Oil; D059808:Polyphenols; D005947:Glucose; D024505:Tocopherols
keywords: Inflammation; Mediterranean diet; Mitochondrial and hepatic oxidative stress; Nonalcoholic Fatty liver disease; Olive oil polyphenols