title: Effects of high-intensity interval training on cardiometabolic health: a systematic review and meta-analysis of intervention studies.
abstract: The current review clarifies the cardiometabolic health effects of high-intensity interval training (HIIT) in adults. A systematic search (PubMed) examining HIIT and cardiometabolic health markers was completed on 15 October 2015. Sixty-five intervention studies were included for review and the methodological quality of included studies was assessed using the Downs and Black score. Studies were classified by intervention duration and body mass index classification. Outcomes with at least 5 effect sizes were synthesised using a random-effects meta-analysis of the standardised mean difference (SMD) in cardiometabolic health markers (baseline to postintervention) using Review Manager 5.3. Short-term (ST) HIIT (<12 weeks) significantly improved maximal oxygen uptake (VO2max; SMD 0.74, 95% CI 0.36 to 1.12; p<0.001), diastolic blood pressure (DBP; SMD -0.52, 95% CI -0.89 to -0.16; p<0.01) and fasting glucose (SMD -0.35, 95% CI -0.62 to -0.09; p<0.01) in overweight/obese populations. Long-term (LT) HIIT (≥12 weeks) significantly improved waist circumference (SMD -0.20, 95% CI -0.38 to -0.01; p<0.05), % body fat (SMD -0.40, 95% CI -0.74 to -0.06; p<0.05), VO2max (SMD 1.20, 95% CI 0.57 to 1.83; p<0.001), resting heart rate (SMD -0.33, 95% CI -0.56 to -0.09; p<0.01), systolic blood pressure (SMD -0.35, 95% CI -0.60 to -0.09; p<0.01) and DBP (SMD -0.38, 95% CI -0.65 to -0.10; p<0.01) in overweight/obese populations. HIIT demonstrated no effect on insulin, lipid profile, C reactive protein or interleukin 6 in overweight/obese populations. In normal weight populations, ST-HIIT and LT-HIIT significantly improved VO2max, but no other significant effects were observed. Current evidence suggests that ST-HIIT and LT-HIIT can increase VO2max and improve some cardiometabolic risk factors in overweight/obese populations.
authors: School of Medical and Applied Sciences, Central Queensland University, Rockhampton, Queensland, Australia.|Centre for Physical Activity Studies, Central Queensland University, Rockhampton, Queensland, Australia.
authors: Romeo B
authors: RB
authors: Batacan
authors: Faculty of Health and Medicine, School of Medicine & Public Health, Priority Research Centre for Physical Activity and Nutrition, The University of Newcastle, University Drive, Callaghan, Queensland, Australia.
authors: Mitch J
authors: MJ
authors: Duncan
authors: School of Medical and Applied Sciences, Central Queensland University, Rockhampton, Queensland, Australia.|Clinical Biochemistry Laboratory, Central Queensland University, Rockhampton, Queensland, Australia.
authors: Vincent J
authors: VJ
authors: Dalbo
authors: School of Medical and Applied Sciences, Central Queensland University, Rockhampton, Queensland, Australia.|Clinical Biochemistry Laboratory, Central Queensland University, Rockhampton, Queensland, Australia.
authors: Patrick S
authors: PS
authors: Tucker
authors: School of Medical and Applied Sciences, Central Queensland University, Rockhampton, Queensland, Australia.|Centre for Physical Activity Studies, Central Queensland University, Rockhampton, Queensland, Australia.
authors: Andrew S
authors: AS
authors: Fenning
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D001786:Blood Glucose / Q000378:metabolism; D001794:Blood Pressure / Q000502:physiology; D002318:Cardiovascular Diseases / Q000517:prevention & control; D002986:Clinical Trials as Topic; D005260:Female; D000072696:High-Intensity Interval Training / Q000379:methods*; D006801:Humans; D050356:Lipid Metabolism / Q000502:physiology; D008297:Male; D008659:Metabolic Diseases / Q000517:prevention & control; D008875:Middle Aged; D009765:Obesity / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000534:rehabilitation; D050177:Overweight / Q000378:metabolism / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000628:therapy*; D010101:Oxygen Consumption / Q000502:physiology; D055105:Waist Circumference / Q000502:physiology; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D001786:Blood Glucose
keywords: Cardiovascular; Exercise; Metabolism; Physical activity; VO2max