title: Anacyclus Pyrethrum Extract Exerts Anticancer Activities on the Human Colorectal Cancer Cell Line (HCT) by Targeting Apoptosis, Metastasis and Cell Cycle Arrest.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Colorectal cancer is the second leading cause of cancer mortality in the USA. There are a number of medicinal plants triggering apoptosis response in cancer cells, thus have a therapeutic potential. On the other hand, due to traditional uses and availability of Anacyclus pyrethrum extract, we decided to evaluate the efficacy of this medicinal herb on human colorectal cancer cell line (HCT).
  
  
  METHODS
  In the present study, the cytotoxic effects of Anacyclus pyrethrum extract were assessed by 3-(4, 5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2, 5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay, and trypan blue viability dye. Then, flow cytometry assay was exploited to measure cell death and apoptosis stage. The scratch test was exploited to assess the effect of Anacyclus pyrethrum on the migration of cancer cells. The expression levels of Caspase 3, Bcl-2, MMP1, and Vimentin genes were quantified by real-time PCR. Finally, cell cycle was analyzed by flow cytometry.
  
  
  RESULTS
  MTT assay showed that Anacyclus pyrethrum extract significantly inhibited the cell growth. According to the flow cytometry assay result, the herbal extract was able to induce apoptosis in colorectal cancer cells. Our findings also demonstrated that the plant extract substantially increases the caspase 3 mRNA expression, while decreases Bcl-2, MMP1, and Vimentin. Cell cycle arrest occurred in G1 stage, due to the results of flow cytometry.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These results indicate that Anacyclus pyrethrum extract can successfully induce apoptosis in HCT cells. Therefore, it could be used as a novel therapeutic candidate for colorectal cancer treatment.
authors: Immunology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, daneshghah Ave, Tabriz, Iran.|Student Research Committee, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.
authors: Ali
authors: A
authors: Mohammadi
authors: Immunology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, daneshghah Ave, Tabriz, Iran.|Student Research Committee, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.
authors: Behzad
authors: B
authors: Mansoori
authors: Immunology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, daneshghah Ave, Tabriz, Iran.
authors: Pooneh Chokhachi
authors: PC
authors: Baradaran
authors: Immunology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, daneshghah Ave, Tabriz, Iran.
authors: Sepideh Chokhachi
authors: SC
authors: Baradaran
authors: Immunology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, daneshghah Ave, Tabriz, Iran. Behzad_im@yahoo.com.
authors: Behzad
authors: B
authors: Baradaran
mesh_terms: D017209:Apoptosis; D059447:Cell Cycle Checkpoints; D045744:Cell Line, Tumor; D049109:Cell Proliferation; D011723:Chrysanthemum cinerariifolium / Q000737:chemistry*; D015179:Colorectal Neoplasms / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000473:pathology; D006801:Humans; D009362:Neoplasm Metastasis; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000737:chemistry*
chemical_list: D010936:Plant Extracts
keywords: Anacyclus pyrethrum extract; Apoptosis; Cell cycle; HCT; Metastasis