title: Repair Injured Heart by Regulating Cardiac Regenerative Signals.
abstract: Cardiac regeneration is a homeostatic cardiogenic process by which the sections of malfunctioning adult cardiovascular tissues are repaired and renewed employing a combination of both cardiomyogenesis and angiogenesis. Unfortunately, while high-quality regeneration can be performed in amphibians and zebrafish hearts, mammalian hearts do not respond in kind. Indeed, a long-term loss of proliferative capacity in mammalian adult cardiomyocytes in combination with dysregulated induction of tissue fibrosis impairs mammalian endogenous heart regenerative capacity, leading to deleterious cardiac remodeling at the end stage of heart failure. Interestingly, several studies have demonstrated that cardiomyocyte proliferation capacity is retained in mammals very soon after birth, and cardiac regeneration potential is correspondingly preserved in some preadolescent vertebrates after myocardial infarction. There is therefore great interest in uncovering the molecular mechanisms that may allow heart regeneration during adult stages. This review will summarize recent findings on cardiac regenerative regulatory mechanisms, especially with respect to extracellular signals and intracellular pathways that may provide novel therapeutics for heart diseases. Particularly, bothin vitroandin vivoexperimental evidences will be presented to highlight the functional role of these signaling cascades in regulating cardiomyocyte proliferation, cardiomyocyte growth, and maturation, with special emphasis on their responses to heart tissue injury.
authors: Department of Pathology & Lab Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH 45267, USA.
authors: Wen-Feng
authors: 0000-0002-1499-4347
authors: WF
authors: Cai
authors: Department of Pharmacology & Cell Biophysics, College of Medicine, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH 45267, USA.
authors: Guan-Sheng
authors: 0000-0003-3255-2777
authors: GS
authors: Liu
authors: Department of Pathology & Lab Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH 45267, USA.
authors: Lei
authors: L
authors: Wang
authors: Department of Pathology & Lab Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH 45267, USA.
authors: Christian
authors: C
authors: Paul
authors: Infectious Disease Hospital, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330002, China.
authors: Zhi-Li
authors: 0000-0002-3628-6878
authors: ZL
authors: Wen
authors: Department of Pathology & Lab Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH 45267, USA.
authors: Yigang
authors: 0000-0001-5315-4722
authors: Y
authors: Wang