title: Monthly Distribution of Phlebotomine Sand Flies, and Biotic and Abiotic Factors Related to Their Abundance, in an Urban Area to Which Visceral Leishmaniasis Is Endemic in Corumbá, Brazil.
abstract: The monthly distribution and abundance of sand flies are influenced by both biotic and abiotic factors. The present study aimed to evaluate the seasonal distribution of sand flies and the relation between their abundance and environmental parameters, including vegetation and climate. This study was conducted over a 2-year period (April 2012 to March 2014). Monthly distribution was evaluated through the weekly deployment of CDC light traps in the peridomicile area of 5 residences in an urban area of the municipality of Corumbá in the State of Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil. Meteorological data were obtained from the Mato Grosso do Sul Center for Weather, Climate, and Water Resources. The spectral indices were calculated based on spatial resolution images (GeoEye) and the percentage of vegetal coverage. Differences in the abundance of sand flies among the collection sites were assessed using the Kruskal-Wallis test, and the strength of correlations between environmental variables was determined by calculating Spearman's correlation coefficients. Lutzomyia cruzi, Lu. forattinii, and Evandromyia corumbaensis were the most frequently found species. Although no significant association was found among these sand fly species and the tested environmental variables (vegetation and climate), high population peaks were found during the rainy season, whereas low peaks were observed in the dry season. The monthly distribution of sand flies was primarily determined by Lu. cruzi, which accounted for 93.94% of the specimens collected each month throughout the experimental period. The fact that sand flies were detected year-round indicates a continuous risk of infection to humans, demonstrating the need for targeted management and education programs.
authors: Programa de Pós-Graduação em Saúde Pública, Faculdade de Saúde Pública, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brasil.|Departamento de Estatística, Campus Macaé, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Macaé, RJ, Brasil.
authors: Everton
authors: http://orcid.org/0000-0002-0074-5278
authors: E
authors: Falcão de Oliveira
authors: Laboratório de Parasitologia Humana, Centro de Ciências Biológicas e da Saúde, Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso do Sul, Campo Grande, MS, Brasil.
authors: Aline Etelvina
authors: AE
authors: Casaril
authors: Laboratório de Parasitologia Humana, Centro de Ciências Biológicas e da Saúde, Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso do Sul, Campo Grande, MS, Brasil.
authors: Wagner Souza
authors: WS
authors: Fernandes
authors: Agência Estadual de Defesa Sanitária Animal e Vegetal, IAGRO, Corumbá, MS, Brasil.
authors: Michelle de Saboya
authors: MS
authors: Ravanelli
authors: Departamento de Estatística, Campus Macaé, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Macaé, RJ, Brasil.
authors: Márcio José de
authors: MJ
authors: Medeiros
authors: Laboratório de Geoprocessamento para Aplicações Ambientais, Faculdade de Engenharias, Arquitetura e Urbanismo e Geografia, Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso do Sul, Campo Grande, MS, Brasil.
authors: Roberto Macedo
authors: RM
authors: Gamarra
authors: Laboratório de Geoprocessamento para Aplicações Ambientais, Faculdade de Engenharias, Arquitetura e Urbanismo e Geografia, Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso do Sul, Campo Grande, MS, Brasil.
authors: Antônio Conceição
authors: AC
authors: Paranhos Filho
authors: Laboratório de Parasitologia Humana, Centro de Ciências Biológicas e da Saúde, Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso do Sul, Campo Grande, MS, Brasil.
authors: Elisa Teruya
authors: ET
authors: Oshiro
authors: Laboratório de Parasitologia Humana, Centro de Ciências Biológicas e da Saúde, Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso do Sul, Campo Grande, MS, Brasil.
authors: Alessandra Gutierrez de
authors: AG
authors: Oliveira
authors: Programa de Pós-Graduação em Saúde Pública, Faculdade de Saúde Pública, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brasil.|Departamento de Epidemiologia, Faculdade de Saúde Pública, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brasil.
authors: Eunice Aparecida Bianchi
authors: EA
authors: Galati
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001938:Brazil / Q000453:epidemiology; D058872:Epidemics; D006801:Humans; D006813:Humidity; D007303:Insect Vectors / Q000469:parasitology; D007898:Leishmaniasis, Visceral / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000469:parasitology; D010691:Phlebotomus / Q000254:growth & development* / Q000502:physiology; D011156:Population Density; D012621:Seasons; D013696:Temperature