title: Chitosan nanoparticles enhances the anti-quorum sensing activity of kaempferol.
abstract: Quorum sensing (QS) is a cell density dependent expression of species in bacteria mediated by compounds called autoinducers (AI). Several processes responsible for successful establishment of bacterial infection are mediated by QS. Inhibition of QS is therefore being considered as a new target for antimicrobial chemotherapy. Flavonoid compounds are strong antioxidant and antimicrobial agents but their applications are limited due to their poor dissolution and bioavailability. Our objective was to investigate the effect of kaempferol loaded chitosan nanoparticles on modulating QS mediated by AI in model bioassay test systems. For this purpose, kaempferol loaded nanoparticles were synthesized and characterized in terms of hydrodynamic diameter, hydrogen bonding, amorphous transformation and antioxidant activity. QS inhibition in time dependent manner of nanoparticles was measured in violacein pigment producing using the biosensor strain Chromobacterium violaceum CV026 mediated by AI known as acylated homoserine lactone (AHL). Our results indicated that the average kaempferol loaded chitosan/TPP nanoparticle size and zeta potential were 192.27±13.6nm and +35mV, respectively. The loading and encapsulation efficiency of kaempferol into chitosan/TPP nanoparticles presented higher values between 78 and 93%. Kaempferol loaded chitosan/TPP nanoparticle during the 30 storage days significantly inhibited the production of violacein pigment in Chromobacterium violaceum CV026. The observation that kaempferol encapsulated chitosan nanoparticles can inhibit QS related processes opens up an exciting new strategy for antimicrobial chemotherapy as stable QS-based anti-biofilm agents.
authors: Faculty of Ayhan Şahenk Agricultural Sciences and Technologies, Ömer Halisdemir University, 51240 Nigde, Turkey. Electronic address: ilksedef@hotmail.com.
authors: Sedef
authors: S
authors: Ilk
authors: Department of Nanotechnology and Nanomedicine, The Institute of Science and Engineering, Hacettepe University, Beytepe, 06800 Ankara, Turkey.
authors: Necdet
authors: N
authors: Sağlam
authors: Department of Plant Production and Technologies, Faculty of Ayhan Şahenk Agricultural Sciences and Technologies, Ömer Halisdemir University, 51240 Nigde, Turkey.
authors: Mustafa
authors: M
authors: Özgen
authors: Department of Sports Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Hacettepe University, Beytepe, 06800 Ankara, Turkey.
authors: Feza
authors: F
authors: Korkusuz
mesh_terms: D054742:Acyl-Butyrolactones / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000378:metabolism; D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology*; D000975:Antioxidants / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology*; D018441:Biofilms / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000254:growth & development; D001713:Biphenyl Compounds / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors; D048271:Chitosan / Q000737:chemistry*; D002861:Chromobacterium / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000254:growth & development / Q000378:metabolism; D004339:Drug Compounding; D006860:Hydrogen Bonding; D007211:Indoles / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000378:metabolism; D044949:Kaempferols / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology*; D053758:Nanoparticles / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000648:ultrastructure; D010851:Picrates / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors; D053038:Quorum Sensing / Q000187:drug effects
chemical_list: D054742:Acyl-Butyrolactones; D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents; D000975:Antioxidants; D001713:Biphenyl Compounds; D007211:Indoles; D044949:Kaempferols; D010851:Picrates; C006552:kaempferol; D048271:Chitosan; C004931:1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl; C063155:violacein
keywords: Anti-quorum sensing; Biofilm formation; Chitosan nanoparticle; Chromobacterium violaceum; Kaempferol