title: Influences of Vagotomy on Gut Ischemia-Reperfusion Injury in Mice.
abstract: How vagotomy affects host responses to gut ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) is unclear.
  
  
  
  Experiment 1: male Institute of Cancer Research mice (n = 22) were assigned to the I/R or the vago-I/R group. The I/R mice underwent 45-min superior mesenteric artery (SMA) occlusion. The vago-I/R mice received vagotomy before SMA occlusion. Survival was observed for 48 h.Experiment 2: mice (n = 55) were divided into four groups (Sham, vago, I/R, vago-I/R). Sham and vago groups did not undergo gut I/R. Mice were killed at 3 or 6 h after reperfusion, and cytokine levels in the plasma, jejunum, and ileum were evaluated. In addition, gut histology at 6 h was examined.Experiment 3: mice (n = 24) were divided into four groups as in Experiment 2. The small intestine was harvested at 3 h after reperfusion and the tissue was cultured ex vivo for 3 h. Cytokine levels of the culture supernatant were then measured.
  
  
  
  Experiment 1: survival was significantly worse with vago-I/R than I/R.Experiment 2: along with severe gut injury, vago-I/R increased IL-6 and monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1) in plasma, IFN-γ in the jejunum and MCP-1 in the ileum, as compared with I/R. Significant positive correlations were noted between plasma and intestinal levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines (IL-6, MCP-1, and TNF-α).Experiment 3: MCP-1 in the jejunal culture medium was higher in the vago-I/R than in the I/R group.
  
  
  
  Vagotomy worsens survival after gut I/R, together with increases in pro-inflammatory cytokines in both plasma and the gut in association with severe intestinal tissue damage.
authors: *Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan †Department of Surgical Center, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan ‡Department of Digestive Surgery, Nihon University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan §Department of Laboratory of Veterinary Surgery, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan.
authors: Motonari
authors: M
authors: Ri
authors: Kazuhiko
authors: K
authors: Fukatsu
authors: Taiki
authors: T
authors: Miyakuni
authors: Masashi
authors: M
authors: Yanagawa
authors: Satoshi
authors: S
authors: Murakoshi
authors: Hiroshi
authors: H
authors: Yasuhara
authors: Yasuyuki
authors: Y
authors: Seto
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D018932:Chemokine CCL2 / Q000097:blood / Q000378:metabolism; D016207:Cytokines / Q000097:blood / Q000378:metabolism; D007082:Ileum / Q000378:metabolism; D015850:Interleukin-6 / Q000097:blood / Q000378:metabolism; D007413:Intestinal Mucosa / Q000378:metabolism*; D007421:Intestine, Small / Q000378:metabolism; D007422:Intestines / Q000293:injuries; D007511:Ischemia / Q000276:immunology* / Q000401:mortality; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D015427:Reperfusion Injury / Q000276:immunology* / Q000401:mortality; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000097:blood / Q000378:metabolism; D014628:Vagotomy / Q000009:adverse effects*; D014630:Vagus Nerve / Q000378:metabolism / Q000601:surgery
chemical_list: C491768:Ccl2 protein, mouse; D018932:Chemokine CCL2; D016207:Cytokines; D015850:Interleukin-6; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha