title: Evidence of association between sleep quality and APOE ε4 in healthy older adults: A pilot study.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  It has been estimated that the prevalence of Alzheimer disease (AD) and related dementias will triple by 2035, unless effective interventions or treatments are found for the neurodegenerative disease. Understanding sleep changes as a marker for both AD risk and progression is a burgeoning area of investigation. Specifically, there is emerging evidence that both sleep disturbances and the APOE ε4 allele are associated with increased dementia risk. Previous research has suggested that in AD, individuals carrying the APOE ε4 allele have decreased sleep quality compared to individuals without the APOE ε4 allele. This observational trial aimed to determine if healthy older adults with the risk allele (APOE ε4+) have more sleep complaints or evidence of objective sleep disruption compared to healthy older adults without the risk allele (APOE ε4-).
  
  
  METHODS
  Within the larger Brain in Motion study, a subset of participants completed at-home polysomnography (PSG) and actigraphy sleep assessment. Subjective sleep complaints were determined using the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index.
  
  
  RESULTS
  This investigation found a significant relationship between presence of APOE ε4 allele and objective sleep disturbances measured by both actigraphy and PSG, but not subjective sleep complaints in a healthy population screened for dementia.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These data suggest that the influence of APOE ε4 allele on objective sleep quality may precede subjective sleep complaints in individuals at increased risk for dementia.
authors: From the Department of Physiology & Pharmacology (L.L.D., A.V.T., A.N., K.D.G., G.E., M.J.P.), Hotchkiss Brain Institute (L.L.D., S.J.G., A.V.T., A.N., K.D.G., P.J.H., M.J.P.), Department of Medical Sciences (S.J.G.), Department of Medicine (J.K.R., P.J.H.), Department of Medical Genetics (J.S.P.), Department of Clinical Neurosciences (M.J.P.), and Libin Cardiovascular Institute of Alberta (M.J.P.), Cumming School of Medicine, and Alberta Children's Hospital Research Institute for Child and Maternal Health (J.S.P.), Faculty of Kinesiology (M.J.P.), and Sleep Centre, Foothills Medical Centre (J.K.R., P.J.H.), University of Calgary; and Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine (G.E.), and Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, Faculty of Science (G.E.), Dalhousie University, Halifax, Canada.
authors: Lauren L
authors: LL
authors: Drogos
authors: From the Department of Physiology & Pharmacology (L.L.D., A.V.T., A.N., K.D.G., G.E., M.J.P.), Hotchkiss Brain Institute (L.L.D., S.J.G., A.V.T., A.N., K.D.G., P.J.H., M.J.P.), Department of Medical Sciences (S.J.G.), Department of Medicine (J.K.R., P.J.H.), Department of Medical Genetics (J.S.P.), Department of Clinical Neurosciences (M.J.P.), and Libin Cardiovascular Institute of Alberta (M.J.P.), Cumming School of Medicine, and Alberta Children's Hospital Research Institute for Child and Maternal Health (J.S.P.), Faculty of Kinesiology (M.J.P.), and Sleep Centre, Foothills Medical Centre (J.K.R., P.J.H.), University of Calgary; and Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine (G.E.), and Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, Faculty of Science (G.E.), Dalhousie University, Halifax, Canada.
authors: Stephanie J
authors: SJ
authors: Gill
authors: From the Department of Physiology & Pharmacology (L.L.D., A.V.T., A.N., K.D.G., G.E., M.J.P.), Hotchkiss Brain Institute (L.L.D., S.J.G., A.V.T., A.N., K.D.G., P.J.H., M.J.P.), Department of Medical Sciences (S.J.G.), Department of Medicine (J.K.R., P.J.H.), Department of Medical Genetics (J.S.P.), Department of Clinical Neurosciences (M.J.P.), and Libin Cardiovascular Institute of Alberta (M.J.P.), Cumming School of Medicine, and Alberta Children's Hospital Research Institute for Child and Maternal Health (J.S.P.), Faculty of Kinesiology (M.J.P.), and Sleep Centre, Foothills Medical Centre (J.K.R., P.J.H.), University of Calgary; and Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine (G.E.), and Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, Faculty of Science (G.E.), Dalhousie University, Halifax, Canada.
authors: Amanda V
authors: AV
authors: Tyndall
authors: From the Department of Physiology & Pharmacology (L.L.D., A.V.T., A.N., K.D.G., G.E., M.J.P.), Hotchkiss Brain Institute (L.L.D., S.J.G., A.V.T., A.N., K.D.G., P.J.H., M.J.P.), Department of Medical Sciences (S.J.G.), Department of Medicine (J.K.R., P.J.H.), Department of Medical Genetics (J.S.P.), Department of Clinical Neurosciences (M.J.P.), and Libin Cardiovascular Institute of Alberta (M.J.P.), Cumming School of Medicine, and Alberta Children's Hospital Research Institute for Child and Maternal Health (J.S.P.), Faculty of Kinesiology (M.J.P.), and Sleep Centre, Foothills Medical Centre (J.K.R., P.J.H.), University of Calgary; and Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine (G.E.), and Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, Faculty of Science (G.E.), Dalhousie University, Halifax, Canada.
authors: Jill K
authors: JK
authors: Raneri
authors: From the Department of Physiology & Pharmacology (L.L.D., A.V.T., A.N., K.D.G., G.E., M.J.P.), Hotchkiss Brain Institute (L.L.D., S.J.G., A.V.T., A.N., K.D.G., P.J.H., M.J.P.), Department of Medical Sciences (S.J.G.), Department of Medicine (J.K.R., P.J.H.), Department of Medical Genetics (J.S.P.), Department of Clinical Neurosciences (M.J.P.), and Libin Cardiovascular Institute of Alberta (M.J.P.), Cumming School of Medicine, and Alberta Children's Hospital Research Institute for Child and Maternal Health (J.S.P.), Faculty of Kinesiology (M.J.P.), and Sleep Centre, Foothills Medical Centre (J.K.R., P.J.H.), University of Calgary; and Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine (G.E.), and Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, Faculty of Science (G.E.), Dalhousie University, Halifax, Canada.
authors: Jillian S
authors: JS
authors: Parboosingh
authors: From the Department of Physiology & Pharmacology (L.L.D., A.V.T., A.N., K.D.G., G.E., M.J.P.), Hotchkiss Brain Institute (L.L.D., S.J.G., A.V.T., A.N., K.D.G., P.J.H., M.J.P.), Department of Medical Sciences (S.J.G.), Department of Medicine (J.K.R., P.J.H.), Department of Medical Genetics (J.S.P.), Department of Clinical Neurosciences (M.J.P.), and Libin Cardiovascular Institute of Alberta (M.J.P.), Cumming School of Medicine, and Alberta Children's Hospital Research Institute for Child and Maternal Health (J.S.P.), Faculty of Kinesiology (M.J.P.), and Sleep Centre, Foothills Medical Centre (J.K.R., P.J.H.), University of Calgary; and Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine (G.E.), and Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, Faculty of Science (G.E.), Dalhousie University, Halifax, Canada.
authors: Aileen
authors: A
authors: Naef
authors: From the Department of Physiology & Pharmacology (L.L.D., A.V.T., A.N., K.D.G., G.E., M.J.P.), Hotchkiss Brain Institute (L.L.D., S.J.G., A.V.T., A.N., K.D.G., P.J.H., M.J.P.), Department of Medical Sciences (S.J.G.), Department of Medicine (J.K.R., P.J.H.), Department of Medical Genetics (J.S.P.), Department of Clinical Neurosciences (M.J.P.), and Libin Cardiovascular Institute of Alberta (M.J.P.), Cumming School of Medicine, and Alberta Children's Hospital Research Institute for Child and Maternal Health (J.S.P.), Faculty of Kinesiology (M.J.P.), and Sleep Centre, Foothills Medical Centre (J.K.R., P.J.H.), University of Calgary; and Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine (G.E.), and Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, Faculty of Science (G.E.), Dalhousie University, Halifax, Canada.
authors: Kyle D
authors: KD
authors: Guild
authors: From the Department of Physiology & Pharmacology (L.L.D., A.V.T., A.N., K.D.G., G.E., M.J.P.), Hotchkiss Brain Institute (L.L.D., S.J.G., A.V.T., A.N., K.D.G., P.J.H., M.J.P.), Department of Medical Sciences (S.J.G.), Department of Medicine (J.K.R., P.J.H.), Department of Medical Genetics (J.S.P.), Department of Clinical Neurosciences (M.J.P.), and Libin Cardiovascular Institute of Alberta (M.J.P.), Cumming School of Medicine, and Alberta Children's Hospital Research Institute for Child and Maternal Health (J.S.P.), Faculty of Kinesiology (M.J.P.), and Sleep Centre, Foothills Medical Centre (J.K.R., P.J.H.), University of Calgary; and Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine (G.E.), and Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, Faculty of Science (G.E.), Dalhousie University, Halifax, Canada.
authors: Gail
authors: G
authors: Eskes
authors: From the Department of Physiology & Pharmacology (L.L.D., A.V.T., A.N., K.D.G., G.E., M.J.P.), Hotchkiss Brain Institute (L.L.D., S.J.G., A.V.T., A.N., K.D.G., P.J.H., M.J.P.), Department of Medical Sciences (S.J.G.), Department of Medicine (J.K.R., P.J.H.), Department of Medical Genetics (J.S.P.), Department of Clinical Neurosciences (M.J.P.), and Libin Cardiovascular Institute of Alberta (M.J.P.), Cumming School of Medicine, and Alberta Children's Hospital Research Institute for Child and Maternal Health (J.S.P.), Faculty of Kinesiology (M.J.P.), and Sleep Centre, Foothills Medical Centre (J.K.R., P.J.H.), University of Calgary; and Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine (G.E.), and Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, Faculty of Science (G.E.), Dalhousie University, Halifax, Canada.
authors: Patrick J
authors: PJ
authors: Hanly
authors: From the Department of Physiology & Pharmacology (L.L.D., A.V.T., A.N., K.D.G., G.E., M.J.P.), Hotchkiss Brain Institute (L.L.D., S.J.G., A.V.T., A.N., K.D.G., P.J.H., M.J.P.), Department of Medical Sciences (S.J.G.), Department of Medicine (J.K.R., P.J.H.), Department of Medical Genetics (J.S.P.), Department of Clinical Neurosciences (M.J.P.), and Libin Cardiovascular Institute of Alberta (M.J.P.), Cumming School of Medicine, and Alberta Children's Hospital Research Institute for Child and Maternal Health (J.S.P.), Faculty of Kinesiology (M.J.P.), and Sleep Centre, Foothills Medical Centre (J.K.R., P.J.H.), University of Calgary; and Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine (G.E.), and Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, Faculty of Science (G.E.), Dalhousie University, Halifax, Canada. poulin@ucalgary.ca.
authors: Marc J
authors: MJ
authors: Poulin
mesh_terms: D056044:Actigraphy; D000368:Aged; D053327:Apolipoprotein E4 / Q000235:genetics*; D005260:Female; D056726:Genetic Association Studies; D005838:Genotype; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010865:Pilot Projects; D017286:Polysomnography; D012307:Risk Factors; D012893:Sleep Wake Disorders / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000235:genetics*; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires
chemical_list: D053327:Apolipoprotein E4