title: Beverage Consumption Habits in Italian Population: Association with Total Water Intake and Energy Intake.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The aim of this study was to investigate total water intake (TWI) from water, beverages and foods among Italian adults and the elderly.
  
  
  METHODS
  Data of 2607 adults and the elderly, aged 18-75 years from the last national food consumption survey, INRAN-SCAI 2005-06, were used to evaluate the TWI. The INRAN-SCAI 2005-06 survey was conducted on a representative sample of 3323 individuals aged 0.1 to 97.7 years. A 3-day semi-structured diary was used for participants to record the consumption of all foods, beverages and nutritional supplements.
  
  
  RESULTS
  On average, TWI was 1.8 L for men and 1.7 L for women. More than 75% of women and 90% of men did not comply with the European Food Safety Authority (EFSA) Adequate Intake. The contribution of beverages to the total energy intake (EI) was 6% for the total sample. Water was the most consumed beverage, followed by alcoholic beverages for men and hot beverages for women.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  According to the present results, adults and elderly Italians do not reach the adequate intake for water as suggested by the EFSA and by the national reference level of nutrient and energy intake. Data on water consumption should also be analyzed in single socio-demographic groups in order to identify sub-groups of the population that need more attention and to plan more targeted interventions.
authors: CREA-Consiglio per la ricerca in agricoltura e l'analisi dell'economia agraria-Centro Alimenti e Nutrizione, Via Ardeatina 546, Rome 00178, Italy. lorenza.mistura@crea.gov.it.
authors: Lorenza
authors: L
authors: Mistura
authors: CREA-Consiglio per la ricerca in agricoltura e l'analisi dell'economia agraria-Centro Alimenti e Nutrizione, Via Ardeatina 546, Rome 00178, Italy. laura.daddezio@crea.gov.it.
authors: Laura
authors: L
authors: D'Addezio
authors: CREA-Consiglio per la ricerca in agricoltura e l'analisi dell'economia agraria-Centro Alimenti e Nutrizione, Via Ardeatina 546, Rome 00178, Italy. aida.turrini@crea.gov.it.
authors: Aida
authors: A
authors: Turrini
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000434:Alcoholic Beverages; D001628:Beverages; D004032:Diet / Q000208:ethnology; D004034:Diet Surveys; D000072001:Diet, Healthy; D004326:Drinking / Q000208:ethnology; D002149:Energy Intake / Q000208:ethnology; D005062:European Union; D005247:Feeding Behavior / Q000208:ethnology; D005260:Female; D006358:Hot Temperature; D006801:Humans; D007558:Italy; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D018673:Nutrition Policy; D010349:Patient Compliance / Q000208:ethnology; D012727:Sex Characteristics; D055815:Young Adult
keywords: beverages; energy intake; total water intake