title: Diffusion-weighted endorectal MR imaging at 3T for prostate cancer: correlation with tumor cell density and percentage Gleason pattern on whole mount pathology.
abstract: To determine if tumor cell density and percentage of Gleason pattern within an outlined volumetric tumor region of interest (TROI) on whole-mount pathology (WMP) correlate with apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) values on corresponding TROIs outlined on pre-operative MRI.
  
  
  
  Men with biopsy-proven prostate adenocarcinoma undergoing multiparametric MRI (mpMRI) prior to prostatectomy were consented to this prospective study. WMP and mpMRI images were viewed using 3D Slicer and each TROI from WMP was contoured on the high b-value ADC maps (b0, 1400). For each TROI outlined on WMP, TCD (tumor cell density) and the percentage of Gleason pattern 3, 4, and 5 were recorded. The ADCmean, ADC10th percentile, ADC90th percentile, and ADCratiowere also calculated in each case from the ADC maps using 3D Slicer.
  
  
  
  Nineteen patients with 21 tumors were included in this study. ADCmeanvalues for TROIs were 944.8 ± 327.4 vs. 1329.9 ± 201.6 mm2/s for adjacent non-neoplastic prostate tissue (p < 0.001). ADCmean, ADC10th percentile, and ADCratiovalues for higher grade tumors were lower than those of lower grade tumors (mean 809.71 and 1176.34 mm2/s, p = 0.014; 10th percentile 613.83 and 1018.14 mm2/s, p = 0.009; ratio 0.60 and 0.94, p = 0.005). TCD and ADCmean(ρ = -0.61, p = 0.005) and TCD and ADC10th percentile(ρ = -0.56, p = 0.01) were negatively correlated. No correlation was observed between percentage of Gleason pattern and ADC values.
  
  
  
  DWI MRI can characterize focal prostate cancer using ADCratio, ADC10th percentile, and ADCmean, which correlate with pathological tumor cell density.
authors: Department of Radiology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, 02115, USA. diglazer@partners.org.
authors: Daniel I
authors: DI
authors: Glazer
authors: Department of Radiology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, 02115, USA.
authors: Elmira
authors: E
authors: Hassanzadeh
authors: Department of Radiology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, 02115, USA.
authors: Andriy
authors: A
authors: Fedorov
authors: Department of Radiology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, 02115, USA.
authors: Olutayo I
authors: OI
authors: Olubiyi
authors: Department of Radiology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, 02115, USA.
authors: Shayna S
authors: SS
authors: Goldberger
authors: Department of Radiology, Charité University Hospital, Berlin, Germany.
authors: Tobias
authors: T
authors: Penzkofer
authors: Division of Anatomical Pathology, The Ottawa Hospital, Ottawa, ON, K1H 8L6, Canada.|University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, K1H 8L6, Canada.
authors: Trevor A
authors: TA
authors: Flood
authors: Department of Pathology, Humber River Hospital, Toronto, ON, M3M 0B2, Canada.
authors: Paul
authors: P
authors: Masry
authors: Department of Radiology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, 02115, USA.
authors: Robert V
authors: RV
authors: Mulkern
authors: Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women's Hospital , Boston, MA, USA.
authors: Michelle S
authors: MS
authors: Hirsch
authors: Department of Radiology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, 02115, USA.
authors: Clare M
authors: CM
authors: Tempany
authors: Department of Radiology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, 02115, USA.|Department of Radiology, Dana Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, 02115, USA.
authors: Fiona M
authors: FM
authors: Fennessy
mesh_terms: D000230:Adenocarcinoma / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000473:pathology* / Q000601:surgery; D000368:Aged; D003287:Contrast Media; D038524:Diffusion Magnetic Resonance Imaging / Q000379:methods*; D019786:Gadolinium DTPA; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D060787:Neoplasm Grading; D011446:Prospective Studies; D011468:Prostatectomy; D011471:Prostatic Neoplasms / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000473:pathology* / Q000601:surgery
chemical_list: D003287:Contrast Media; D019786:Gadolinium DTPA
keywords: ADC; DWI; Gleason pattern; MRI; Prostate cancer