title: Callogenesis and cell suspension establishment of tropical highland blackberry (Rubus adenotrichosSchltdl.) and its microscopic analysis.
abstract: Blackberries are fruits produced worldwide, with 25 % of their production centered in Mexico, Central and South America. Tropical highland blackberry is a fruit that can potentially enhance human health, due to their high content in phenolic compounds, which include anthocyanins, phenolic acids, tannins (gallotannins and elagitannins) and flavonoids. Therefore, the overall aim of this study is the development of a callus induction protocol, the establishment of blackberry cell suspensions (Rubus adenotrichosSchltdl.) and their cell analysis through optical microscopy and TEM, for the potential production of phenolic compounds. In order to produce callogenesis, segments of blackberry leaves were disinfected and placed in different concentrations of 2,4-D and the control media (0; 0.5; 1.0; 1.5; 2.0; 2.5 and 3.0 mg/l of 2,4-D); obtaining the higher size of calli in the medium with 1.5 mg/l of 2,4-D. After this determination, and for this specific treatment, a growth curve was performed through the use of fresh and dry weight parameters, in order to identify each of the growth stages. Furthermore, the calli obtained from the 1.5 mg/l of 2,4-D treatment were placed in two different culture media (MS and MS supplemented with 1.5 mg/l of 2,4-D) in order to establish the cell suspensions and the growth curve. To the best treatment, the total polyphenols were also quantified. It was determined that the MS medium is ideal for the growth and disintegration of the cell suspensions, obtaining 0.0256 mg of gallic acid/g of fresh sample. Finally, a cell callus and cell suspension analysis was performed through OM and TEM, evidencing a higher hystological differentiation in the calli, as well as the observation of antioxidant storage in the plastids.
authors: Centro de Investigación en Biotecnología of the Escuela de Biología, Instituto Tecnológico de Costa Rica, Cartago, Costa Rica.
authors: Alexander
authors: 0000-0002-1061-6840
authors: A
authors: Schmidt-Durán
authors: Centro de Investigación en Biotecnología of the Escuela de Biología, Instituto Tecnológico de Costa Rica, Cartago, Costa Rica.
authors: Carlos
authors: C
authors: Alvarado-Ulloa
authors: Centro de Investigación en Biotecnología of the Escuela de Biología, Instituto Tecnológico de Costa Rica, Cartago, Costa Rica.
authors: Randall
authors: R
authors: Chacón-Cerdas
authors: Centro de Investigación en Biotecnología of the Escuela de Biología, Instituto Tecnológico de Costa Rica, Cartago, Costa Rica ; Laboratorio Institucional de Microscopía, Instituto Tecnológico de Costa Rica, Cartago, Costa Rica.
authors: Luis Fernando
authors: LF
authors: Alvarado-Marchena
authors: Centro de Investigación en Biotecnología of the Escuela de Biología, Instituto Tecnológico de Costa Rica, Cartago, Costa Rica.
authors: Dora
authors: D
authors: Flores-Mora
keywords: Antioxidants; Callogenesis; Cell differentiation; Cell suspensions; Rubus adenotrichos