title: Training Does Not Alter Muscle Ceramide and Diacylglycerol in Offsprings of Type 2 Diabetic Patients Despite Improved Insulin Sensitivity.
abstract: Ceramide and diacylglycerol (DAG) may be involved in the early phase of insulin resistance but data are inconsistent in man. We evaluated if an increase in insulin sensitivity after endurance training was accompanied by changes in these lipids in skeletal muscle. Nineteen first-degree type 2 diabetes Offsprings (Offsprings) (age: 33.1 ± 1.4 yrs; BMI: 26.4 ± 0.4 kg/m2) and sixteen matched Controls (age: 31.3 ± 1.5 yrs; BMI: 25.3 ± 0.7 kg/m2) performed 10 weeks of endurance training three times a week at 70% of VO2max on a bicycle ergometer. Before and after the intervention a hyperinsulinemic-euglycemic clamp and VO2max test were performed and muscle biopsies obtained. Insulin sensitivity was significantly lower in Offsprings compared to control subjects (p< 0.01) but improved in both groups after 10 weeks of endurance training (Off: 17 ± 6%; Con: 12 ± 9%,p< 0.01). The content of muscle ceramide, DAG, and their subspecies were similar between groups and did not change in response to the endurance training except for an overall reduction in C22:0-Cer (p< 0.05). Finally, the intervention induced an increase in AKT protein expression (Off: 27 ± 11%; Con: 20 ± 24%,p< 0.05). This study showed no relation between insulin sensitivity and ceramide or DAG content suggesting that ceramide and DAG are not major players in the early phase of insulin resistance in human muscle.
authors: Xlab, Centre of Healthy Aging, Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.
authors: Ditte
authors: 0000-0001-9348-6828
authors: D
authors: Søgaard
authors: Department of Endocrinology and Diabetes M, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus Sygehus, Aarhus, Denmark; Department of Internal Medicine, Regional Hospital Viborg, Viborg, Denmark.
authors: Torben
authors: T
authors: Østergård
authors: Department of Physiology, Medical University of Bialystok, Bialystok, Poland.
authors: Agnieszka U
authors: AU
authors: Blachnio-Zabielska
authors: Department of Physiology, Medical University of Bialystok, Bialystok, Poland.
authors: Marcin
authors: M
authors: Baranowski
authors: Xlab, Centre of Healthy Aging, Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.
authors: Andreas Hansen
authors: AH
authors: Vigelsø
authors: Institute of Sports Medicine Copenhagen, Bispebjerg Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark.
authors: Jesper Løvind
authors: JL
authors: Andersen
authors: Xlab, Centre of Healthy Aging, Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.
authors: Flemming
authors: 0000-0001-9970-9535
authors: F
authors: Dela
authors: Xlab, Centre of Healthy Aging, Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.
authors: Jørn Wulff
authors: JW
authors: Helge
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D015153:Blotting, Western; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D002518:Ceramides / Q000378:metabolism*; D016241:Child of Impaired Parents; D002853:Chromatography, Liquid; D003924:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; D004075:Diglycerides / Q000378:metabolism*; D015444:Exercise; D005260:Female; D015309:Glucose Clamp Technique; D006801:Humans; D007333:Insulin Resistance; D008297:Male; D018482:Muscle, Skeletal / Q000378:metabolism*; D010101:Oxygen Consumption; D010807:Physical Endurance; D051057:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-akt / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D002518:Ceramides; D004075:Diglycerides; D051057:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-akt