title: Effects of ultrasonication and conventional mechanical homogenization processes on the structures and dielectric properties of BaTiO3ceramics.
abstract: The effects of the homogenization process on the structures and dielectric properties of pure and Nb-doped BaTiO3ceramics have been investigated using an ultrasonic homogenization and conventional mechanical methods. The reagents were homogenized using an ultrasonic processor with high-intensity ultrasonic waves and using a compact mixer-shaker. The components and crystal types of the powders were determined by Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and X-ray diffraction (XRD) analyses. The complex permittivity (ε', ε″) and AC conductivity (σ') of the samples were analyzed in a wide frequency range of 20Hz to 2MHz at room temperature. The structures and dielectric properties of pure and Nb-doped BaTiO3ceramics strongly depend on the homogenization process in a solid-state reaction method. Using an ultrasonic processor with high-intensity ultrasonic waves based on acoustic cavitation phenomena can make a significant improvement in producing high-purity BaTiO3ceramics without carbonate impurities with a small dielectric loss.
authors: Department of Physics, Faculty of Science and Letters, Mustafa Kemal University, 31001 Hatay, Turkey. Electronic address: hatice-akbas@windowslive.com.
authors: Hatice Zehra
authors: HZ
authors: Akbas
authors: Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Letters, Mustafa Kemal University, 31001 Hatay, Turkey.
authors: Zeki
authors: Z
authors: Aydin
authors: Iskenderun Vocational School, Iskenderun Technical University, 31200 Hatay, Turkey.
authors: Onur
authors: O
authors: Yilmaz
authors: MARGEM, Mustafa Kemal University, 31001 Hatay, Turkey.
authors: Selvin
authors: S
authors: Turgut
keywords: Barium titanate; Dielectric properties; Homogenization process; Mechanical milling; Ultrasonication