title: Virus Infections of HoneybeesApis Mellifera.
abstract: The health and vigour of honeybee colonies are threatened by numerous parasites (such asVarroa destructorandNosemaspp.) and pathogens, including viruses, bacteria, protozoa. Among honeybee pathogens, viruses are one of the major threats to the health and well-being of honeybees and cause serious concern for researchers and beekeepers. To tone down the threats posed by these invasive organisms, a better understanding of bee viral infections will be of crucial importance in developing effective and environmentally benign disease control strategies. Here we summarize recent progress in the understanding of the morphology, genome organization, transmission, epidemiology and pathogenesis of eight honeybee viruses: Deformed wing virus (DWV) and Kakugo virus (KV); Sacbrood virus (SBV); Black Queen cell virus (BQCV); Acute bee paralysis virus (ABPV); Kashmir bee virus (KBV); Israeli Acute Paralysis Virus (IAPV); Chronic bee paralysis virus (CBPV). The review has been designed to provide researchers in the field with updated information about honeybee viruses and to serve as a starting point for future research.
authors: Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Bari , Valenzano, Italy.
authors: Giuseppina
authors: G
authors: Tantillo
authors: Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Bari , Valenzano, Italy.
authors: Marilisa
authors: M
authors: Bottaro
authors: Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Bari , Valenzano, Italy.
authors: Angela
authors: A
authors: Di Pinto
authors: Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Bari , Valenzano, Italy.
authors: Vito
authors: V
authors: Martella
authors: Freelance DVM , Bari, Italy.
authors: Pietro
authors: P
authors: Di Pinto
authors: Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Bari , Valenzano, Italy.
authors: Valentina
authors: V
authors: Terio
keywords: Colony collapse disorder; Honeybee viruses; Infections