title: Effect of Various Compounds Blocking the Colony Pigmentation on the Aflatoxin B1 Production by Aspergillus flavus.
abstract: Aflatoxins and melanins are the products of a polyketide biosynthesis. In this study, the search of potential inhibitors of the aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) biosynthesis was performed among compounds blocking the pigmentation in fungi. Four compounds-three natural (thymol, 3-hydroxybenzaldehyde, compactin) and one synthetic (fluconazole)-were examined for their ability to block the pigmentation and AFB1 production inAspergillus flavus. All compounds inhibited the mycelium pigmentation of a fungus growing on solid medium. At the same time, thymol, fluconazole, and 3-hydroxybenzaldehyde stimulated AFB1 accumulation in culture broth ofA. flavusunder submerged fermentation, whereas the addition of 2.5 μg/mL of compactin resulted in a 50× reduction in AFB1 production. Moreover, compactin also suppressed the sporulation ofA. flavuson solid medium. In vivo treatment of corn and wheat grain with compactin (50 μg/g of grain) reduced the level of AFB1 accumulation 14 and 15 times, respectively. Further prospects of the compactin study as potential AFB1 inhibitor are discussed.
authors: All-Russian Research Institute of Phytopathology, Bolshie Vyazemy, Moscow 143050, Russia. dzhavakhiya@yahoo.com.
authors: Vitaly G
authors: VG
authors: Dzhavakhiya
authors: All-Russian Research Institute of Phytopathology, Bolshie Vyazemy, Moscow 143050, Russia. tatiana.voinova@bk.ru.
authors: Tatiana M
authors: TM
authors: Voinova
authors: All-Russian Research Institute of Phytopathology, Bolshie Vyazemy, Moscow 143050, Russia. unavil@yandex.ru.
authors: Sofya B
authors: SB
authors: Popletaeva
authors: All-Russian Research Institute of Phytopathology, Bolshie Vyazemy, Moscow 143050, Russia. nataafg@gmail.com.
authors: Natalia V
authors: NV
authors: Statsyuk
authors: All-Russian Research Institute of Phytopathology, Bolshie Vyazemy, Moscow 143050, Russia. lutik47@yandex.ru.
authors: Lyudmila A
authors: LA
authors: Limantseva
authors: All-Russian Research Institute of Phytopathology, Bolshie Vyazemy, Moscow 143050, Russia. larisavniif@yahoo.com.
authors: Larisa A
authors: LA
authors: Shcherbakova
mesh_terms: D016604:Aflatoxin B1 / Q000032:analysis / Q000096:biosynthesis*; D000935:Antifungal Agents / Q000494:pharmacology; D001231:Aspergillus flavus / Q000187:drug effects / Q000254:growth & development / Q000378:metabolism*; D001547:Benzaldehydes / Q000494:pharmacology; D015725:Fluconazole / Q000494:pharmacology; D008148:Lovastatin / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000494:pharmacology; D008543:Melanins / Q000096:biosynthesis*; D025282:Mycelium / Q000187:drug effects / Q000254:growth & development / Q000378:metabolism; D010858:Pigmentation / Q000187:drug effects*; D013943:Thymol / Q000494:pharmacology; D014908:Triticum / Q000737:chemistry; D003313:Zea mays / Q000737:chemistry
chemical_list: D000935:Antifungal Agents; D001547:Benzaldehydes; D008543:Melanins; C012258:mevastatin; D013943:Thymol; D015725:Fluconazole; C011275:3-hydroxybenzaldehyde; D008148:Lovastatin; D016604:Aflatoxin B1
keywords: 3-hydroxybenzaldehyde; Aspergillus flavus; aflatoxin B1; compactin; fluconazole; fungal melanins; polyketide biosynthesis; thymol