title: Comparison of Office-Based Versus Outsourced Immunization Recall Services.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Given poor use of recall in primary care practices, we compared outsourced versus office-based recall systems.
  
  
  METHODS
  From 2011 to 2013, we enrolled 87 individual Arkansas providers in distinct practices treating their own patients <24 months of age which were randomized to usual care (A), office-based (B), or outsourced (C) recall groups.
  
  
  RESULTS
  At the end of study, recall activity was 19.4%, 55.0%, and 92.6% for Groups A, B, and C, respectively (B and C vs A: P < .001). Only 68 Group B patients were identified as needing immunizations versus 826 in Group C. The majority of successful contacts were made through mobile phone (41.3%) or text message (32.6%). The total cost per practice per week was significantly lower for Group C versus Group B ($39.50 and $53.00, respectively; P = .004).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  With limited electronic health record use, an outsourced recall system is more sustainable and less costly than an office-based system.
authors: 1 Arkansas Foundation for Medical Care, Little Rock, AR, USA.
authors: Kristina L
authors: KL
authors: Bondurant
authors: 2 University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR, USA.|3 Arkansas Department of Health, Little Rock, AR, USA.
authors: J Gary
authors: JG
authors: Wheeler
authors: 4 University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, USA.
authors: Zoran
authors: Z
authors: Bursac
authors: 1 Arkansas Foundation for Medical Care, Little Rock, AR, USA.
authors: Tereasa
authors: T
authors: Holmes
authors: 2 University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR, USA.
authors: J Mick
authors: JM
authors: Tilford
mesh_terms: D001131:Arkansas; D002662:Child Health Services / Q000458:organization & administration; D057186:Comparative Effectiveness Research; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007114:Immunization / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D007115:Immunization Schedule; D007223:Infant; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D008297:Male; D010043:Outcome and Process Assessment, Health Care; D010818:Practice Patterns, Physicians' / Q000458:organization & administration*; D011320:Primary Health Care / Q000458:organization & administration*; D017010:Reminder Systems / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*
keywords: academic detailers; immunization rates; physician clinics; vaccines