An update on DPP-4 inhibitors in the management of type 2 diabetes.
DPP-4 inhibitors are a class of compounds used for the treatment of type 2 diabetes. The drugs inhibit the degradation of GLP-1, thus amplifying the incretin effect. They have moderate glycemic efficacy, a low propensity of causing hypoglycaemia and are weight neutral. The drugs are often used as second line therapy after metformin. Areas covered: This review summarizes the available compounds in the market and discusses the novel compounds that are currently under development. Several large cardiovascular outcome trials with some of the compounds have been completed, and their results and implications are considered. Fixed dose combination pills are currently the main focus of research and the contribution of these to the care of patients with diabetes is further discussed. Expert opinion: The DPP-4 inhibitors have been a successful class in drug development for diabetes. Taken orally and available as fixed dose combinations with metformin or with SGLT-2 inhibitors, they have reached a large market share of over 7 billion dollars. Other than retagliptin, it does not appear that any additional compound will be launched soon. Currently, the main focus is on the development of additional fixed dose combinations with SGLT-2 inhibitors, but the success of these combinations remains to be seen.
a The Diabetes Research Unit, Internal Medicine Section , Hadassah Hebrew University Hospital , Jerusalem , Israel.|b Endocrinology and Metabolism Unit, Internal Medicine Section , Hadassah Hebrew University Hospital , Jerusalem , Israel.
Avivit
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Cahn
c Department M3/Internal Medicine IV , University of Medicine and Pharmacy , Târgu Mureş , Romania.|d Diabetes, Nutrition and Metabolic Diseases Unit , Emergency County Clinical Hospital , Târgu Mureş , Romania.
Simona
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Cernea
a The Diabetes Research Unit, Internal Medicine Section , Hadassah Hebrew University Hospital , Jerusalem , Israel.
Itamar
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Raz
D000818:Animals; D003924:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000503:physiopathology; D054873:Dipeptidyl-Peptidase IV Inhibitors / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D004338:Drug Combinations; D015195:Drug Design; D052216:Glucagon-Like Peptide 1 / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D007004:Hypoglycemic Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D054795:Incretins / Q000378:metabolism; D008687:Metformin / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use; D051297:Sodium-Glucose Transporter 2; D000077203:Sodium-Glucose Transporter 2 Inhibitors
D054873:Dipeptidyl-Peptidase IV Inhibitors; D004338:Drug Combinations; D007004:Hypoglycemic Agents; D054795:Incretins; C089180:SLC5A2 protein, human; D051297:Sodium-Glucose Transporter 2; D000077203:Sodium-Glucose Transporter 2 Inhibitors; D052216:Glucagon-Like Peptide 1; D008687:Metformin
DPP-4 inhibitors; alogliptin; anagliptin; combination pills; evogliptin; gemigliptin; gosogliptin; linagliptin; omarigliptin; outcome studies; retagliptin; saxagliptin; sitagliptin; teneligliptin; trelagliptin; vildagliptin