Predicting the Need for Neoaortic Arch Intervention in Infants with Hypoplastic Left Heart Syndrome Through the Glenn Procedure.
Neoaortic recoarctation is present in up to over one-third of patients having undergone the Norwood procedure for hypoplastic left heart syndrome. Some of these patients will require reintervention by catheterization or surgery through the time of the Glenn procedure. Echocardiography and catheterization are often utilized in this period to assess hemodynamics although no specific criteria have been identified to predict whether and when neoaortic arch reintervention will be needed. We sought to identify predictors, including but not limited to echocardiographic and catheterization gradients, to predict such intervention. A retrospective analysis was conducted including patients with hypoplastic left heart syndrome. Patients with significantly comorbid lesions such as isomerism, anomalous pulmonary venous connections, and significant atrioventricular valve insufficiency were excluded as were patients without interstage echocardiographic and catheterization data. Receiver operator curve analysis was performed to establish peak-value gradients by echocardiography and catheterization that were predictive of neoaortic reintervention from the time of the Norwood through the time of the Glenn. These values were then entered into a multivariate regression with several other factors to determine what factors were predictive of need for such intervention. Bland-Altman analysis was conducted to compare echocardiographic and catheterization gradients. A peak echocardiographic gradient of 26 mmHg (100 % sensitivity, 85 % specificity) and a peak-to-peak catheterization gradient of 8.5 mm Hg (83 % sensitivity, 86 % specificity) were found to be predictive of need for neoaortic arch reintervention after multivariate analysis. Echocardiographic and catheterization gradients were found to have poor correlation with one another. A peak gradient of 26 mmHg or greater by echocardiography and a peak-to-peak gradient of 8.5 mmHg or greater by catheterization after the Norwood but prior to the Glenn are predictive of need for neoaortic reintervention through the time of the Glenn hospitalization.
Division of Cardiology, Children's Hospital of Wisconsin/Medical College of Wisconsin, 9000 Wisconsin Avenue, Milwaukee, WI, 53226, USA.
Mamata
M
Eagam
Division of Cardiology, Children's Hospital of Wisconsin/Medical College of Wisconsin, 9000 Wisconsin Avenue, Milwaukee, WI, 53226, USA. rloomba@mcw.edu.
Rohit S
RS
Loomba
Division of Cardiology, Children's Hospital of Wisconsin/Medical College of Wisconsin, 9000 Wisconsin Avenue, Milwaukee, WI, 53226, USA.
Andrew N
AN
Pelech
Division of Cardiology, Children's Hospital of Wisconsin/Medical College of Wisconsin, 9000 Wisconsin Avenue, Milwaukee, WI, 53226, USA.
James S
JS
Tweddell
Division of Cardiology, Children's Hospital of Wisconsin/Medical College of Wisconsin, 9000 Wisconsin Avenue, Milwaukee, WI, 53226, USA.
Edward
E
Kirkpatrick
D001017:Aortic Coarctation / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000601:surgery; D006328:Cardiac Catheterization / Q000379:methods*; D004452:Echocardiography / Q000379:methods*; D005260:Female; D018729:Fontan Procedure / Q000379:methods*; D006801:Humans; D018636:Hypoplastic Left Heart Syndrome / Q000601:surgery*; D007223:Infant; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D016015:Logistic Models; D008297:Male; D058327:Norwood Procedures / Q000009:adverse effects; D012372:ROC Curve; D012086:Reoperation / Q000379:methods; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D016896:Treatment Outcome
Aorta; Coarctation; Interstage; Norwood; Single ventricle; Univentricular