Serial EEG Monitoring in a Patient With Anti-NMDA Receptor Encephalitis.
Electroencephalogram (EEG) abnormalities are very common in anti- N-methyl-d-aspartate receptor (anti-NMDAR) encephalitis. Extreme delta brush (EDB) is a distinctive EEG pattern that is can be suggestive of the diagnosis; however, the etiology of the EDB remains unclear. Furthermore, there is question with regard to its ictal or interictal nature. We report a 20-year-old woman with anti-NMDAR encephalitis whose serial video-EEG monitoring was obtained at 2, 2.5, 4, and 6 months after admission. There was a long-standing EDB lasting up to several hours, with no evolution in frequency, amplitude, or morphology, and without clear association her frequent orofacial dyskinesia. Intravenous benzodiazepine administrations did not change the EDB pattern. As her clinical symptoms improved, the EDB gradually became less prominent and less frequent, with complete resolution at 6 months after admission. These findings suggest that EDB is more likely a marker of the severity of the disease in contrast to an epileptic seizure and is useful for diagnosis and monitoring of treatment response in conjunction with clinical improvement.
1 EEG Monitoring Unit, Neurology, Barnes Jewish Hospital, St Louis, MO, USA.
Yanfang
Y
Shi
D060426:Anti-N-Methyl-D-Aspartate Receptor Encephalitis / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000188:drug therapy*; D000927:Anticonvulsants / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D001931:Brain Mapping / Q000379:methods*; D003936:Diagnosis, Computer-Assisted / Q000379:methods*; D016903:Drug Monitoring / Q000379:methods*; D004569:Electroencephalography / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000379:methods; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008137:Longitudinal Studies; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D048029:TNF Receptor-Associated Factor 6; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D055815:Young Adult
D000927:Anticonvulsants; D048029:TNF Receptor-Associated Factor 6
anti-NMDA receptor encephalitis; continuous video-EEG monitoring; extreme delta brush; ictal pattern; nonconvulsive status epilepticus