Levels of Metals in Kidney, Liver, and Muscle Tissue and their Influence on the Fitness for the Consumption of Wild Boar from Western Slovakia.
Due to environmental pollution, wild animals are exposed to various pollutants. Some game animals, such as wild boars are used by people for food, but their meat is not evaluated regarding pollution transfer, since they are unavailable on the official market. The aim of this paper is to present the concentrations of chosen metals (Cd, Co, Cu, Hg, Pb, and Zn) in the kidneys, liver, and muscles of wild boars (n = 40) hunted in eastern Slovakia, as derivatives of physiological distribution and anthropogenic pollution. We found that sex was not a statistically significant factor for metal concentrations. Tissue differences were observed for all the metals studied except for Co. Cd, Cu, and Hg showed the highest median concentrations in kidney tissue with the lowest in muscle tissue (2.73, 3.78, and 0.061 μg/g w.w., respectively). The highest Zn median concentration was noted in the liver tissue with the lowest in muscle tissue. Co and Cu concentrations varied according to the age groups. Correlations between metal concentrations in muscle and kidney tissue were not especially strong; such relationships were not found in liver tissue. Among all the potential relationships of the given metal concentrations between tissues, the only significant relationship, albeit weak, was noted for Pb in muscle and liver tissue. The concentrations found seem not to be extremely high, but according to EU maximum permitted residue levels for Cd and Pb concentrations in meat, none of the samples studied was fully fit for human consumption. TWI and risk was also excessive for both metals.
Department of Poultry Science and Small Animal Husbandry, Slovak University of Agriculture, Trieda Hlinku 2, 949 01, Nitra, Slovakia.
Jozef
J
Gašparík
Institute of Biology, Pedagogical University of Cracow, Podbrzezie 3, 31-054, Krakow, Poland. ljbinkowski@gmail.com.
Łukasz J
http://orcid.org/0000-0001-7271-2371
ŁJ
Binkowski
Department of Economics, Slovak University of Agriculture, Trieda Hlinku 2, 949 01, Nitra, Slovakia.
Andrej
A
Jahnátek
Department of Poultry Science and Small Animal Husbandry, Slovak University of Agriculture, Trieda Hlinku 2, 949 01, Nitra, Slovakia.
Peter
P
Šmehýl
Department of Poultry Science and Small Animal Husbandry, Slovak University of Agriculture, Trieda Hlinku 2, 949 01, Nitra, Slovakia.
Milan
M
Dobiaš
Department of Animal Physiology, Slovak University of Agriculture, Trieda Hlinku 2, 949 01, Nitra, Slovakia.
Norbert
N
Lukáč
Institute of Biology, Pedagogical University of Cracow, Podbrzezie 3, 31-054, Krakow, Poland.
Martyna
M
Błaszczyk
Institute of Biology, Pedagogical University of Cracow, Podbrzezie 3, 31-054, Krakow, Poland.
Magdalena
M
Semla
Institute of Biology, Pedagogical University of Cracow, Podbrzezie 3, 31-054, Krakow, Poland.
Peter
P
Massanyi
D000818:Animals; D000835:Animals, Wild / Q000378:metabolism*; D004784:Environmental Monitoring; D004787:Environmental Pollution / Q000032:analysis; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007668:Kidney / Q000737:chemistry*; D008099:Liver / Q000737:chemistry*; D008297:Male; D008460:Meat / Q000032:analysis* / Q000592:standards*; D019216:Metals, Heavy / Q000032:analysis*; D018482:Muscle, Skeletal / Q000737:chemistry*; D018154:Slovakia; D013552:Swine / Q000378:metabolism*
D019216:Metals, Heavy
Cadmium; Game; Lead; Mercury; Pollution