The Effects of Dietary Macronutrient Balance on Skin Structure in Aging Male and Female Mice.
Nutrition influences skin structure; however, a systematic investigation into how energy and macronutrients (protein, carbohydrate and fat) affects the skin has yet to be conducted. We evaluated the associations between macronutrients, energy intake and skin structure in mice fed 25 experimental diets and a control diet for 15 months using the Geometric Framework, a novel method of nutritional analysis. Skin structure was associated with the ratio of dietary macronutrients eaten, not energy intake, and the nature of the effect differed between the sexes. In males, skin structure was primarily associated with protein intake, whereas in females carbohydrate intake was the primary correlate. In both sexes, the dermis and subcutaneous fat thicknesses were inversely proportional. Subcutaneous fat thickness varied positively with fat intake, due to enlarged adipocytes rather than increased adipocyte number. We therefore demonstrated clear interactions between skin structure and macronutrient intakes, with the associations being sex-specific and dependent on dietary macronutrient balance.
Burns Research and Reconstructive Surgery, ANZAC Research Institute, Concord Hospital, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia 2139.
Jonathan
http://orcid.org/0000-0002-2790-3061
J
Hew
Ageing and Alzheimers Institute and ANZAC Research Institute, Concord Hospital, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia 2139.|Charles Perkins Centre and School of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia.
Samantha M
SM
Solon-Biet
Ageing and Alzheimers Institute and ANZAC Research Institute, Concord Hospital, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia 2139.
Aisling C
AC
McMahon
EWOS Innovation, Dirdal 4335, Norway.
Kari
K
Ruohonen
Charles Perkins Centre and School of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia.|Faculty of Veterinary Science and Charles Perkins Centre, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia 2006.
David
D
Raubenheimer
School of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia.
J William O
JW
Ballard
Ageing and Alzheimers Institute and ANZAC Research Institute, Concord Hospital, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia 2139.|Charles Perkins Centre and School of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia.
David G
DG
Le Couteur
Burns Research and Reconstructive Surgery, ANZAC Research Institute, Concord Hospital, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia 2139.|Burns Unit, Concord Repatriation General Hospital, Concord, Australia.
Caroline
C
Nicholls
Burns Research and Reconstructive Surgery, ANZAC Research Institute, Concord Hospital, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia 2139.|Burns Unit, Concord Repatriation General Hospital, Concord, Australia.
Zhe
Z
Li
Burns Research and Reconstructive Surgery, ANZAC Research Institute, Concord Hospital, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia 2139.|Burns Unit, Concord Repatriation General Hospital, Concord, Australia.
Peter K M
PK
Maitz
Burns Research and Reconstructive Surgery, ANZAC Research Institute, Concord Hospital, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia 2139.
Yiwei
Y
Wang
Charles Perkins Centre and School of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia.
Stephen J
SJ
Simpson
D017667:Adipocytes / Q000166:cytology / Q000187:drug effects; D000367:Age Factors; D000375:Aging; D000824:Animal Nutritional Physiological Phenomena; D000818:Animals; D002452:Cell Count; D048429:Cell Size / Q000187:drug effects; D020405:Dermis / Q000033:anatomy & histology / Q000166:cytology / Q000187:drug effects; D004032:Diet; D004040:Dietary Carbohydrates / Q000008:administration & dosage; D004041:Dietary Fats / Q000008:administration & dosage; D004044:Dietary Proteins / Q000008:administration & dosage; D000078404:Epidermal Cells; D004817:Epidermis / Q000033:anatomy & histology / Q000187:drug effects; D005260:Female; D008297:Male; D008810:Mice, Inbred C57BL; D012737:Sex Factors; D012867:Skin / Q000033:anatomy & histology* / Q000166:cytology / Q000187:drug effects; D050151:Subcutaneous Fat / Q000033:anatomy & histology / Q000166:cytology / Q000187:drug effects
D004040:Dietary Carbohydrates; D004041:Dietary Fats; D004044:Dietary Proteins