[Mechanisms of chronification and potential addiction in tumor pain : Comparison with non-tumor pain - A review of the literature].
BACKGROUND
Due to advances in oncological therapy options and increasing survival rates, the number of cancer patients with persistant pain, who are in need of analgesic therapy has increased. It has been proven that biopsychosocial mechanisms exist in patients with persistant non-cancer pain leading to chronification. Furthermore, addiction has been identified as a complication of analgesic therapy.


OBJECTIVE
Can the multidimensional model of chronic pain enhancement and chronification be used for patients with cancer pain, analogue to patients with non-cancer pain? Can addiction sydromes as a result of analgesic treatment be demonstrated?


METHODS
In this non-systematic review, a literature search was carried out for somatic and psychosocial chronification mechanisms in patients with cancer pain. Indications for potential addiction syndromes in cancer patients are demonstrated based on selected publications. A Medline search provided a number of relevant publications that are listed (see Supplementary Material).


CONCLUSIONS
Somatic chronification mechanisms, such as pain intensity, repetitive algesic stimuli, topical and demographic factors, are found both in persistant non-cancer pain and cancer pain. Cancer-induced peripheral and central sensitization mechanisms that can be due to underlying genetic variations, are specific for cancer pain. With regard to psychosocial determinants for pain chronification, both cancer and non-cancer patients show similar patterns. Furthermore, data from the literature support the existence of addiction in cancer patients.


CONCLUSIONS
In order to optimize treatment more attention should be paid to the risk of chronification and addiction in cases of chronic persistant cancer pain.
Anästhesie, Interdisziplinäre Intensivmedizin, Schmerzmedizin/Palliativmedizin, Zentrum für Schmerzmedizin, CURA - Katholisches Krankenhaus im Siebengebirge, Schülgenstr. 15, 53604, Bad Honnef, Deutschland. stefan.wirz@cura.org.
S
S
Wirz
Abteilung für Anästhesie und Schmerztherapie, Gemeinschaftskrankenhaus Havelhöhe, Krankenhaus für Anthroposophische Medizin, Berlin, Deutschland.
M
M
Schenk
Interdisziplinäres Schmerzzentrum, Universitätsklinikum Freiburg, Freiburg, Deutschland.
B
B
Kleinmann
Psychoonkologie, Pius-Hospital Oldenburg, Oldenburg, Deutschland.
K
K
Kieseritzky
D000701:Analgesics, Opioid / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D000072716:Cancer Pain / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000523:psychology*; D059350:Chronic Pain / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000523:psychology*; D006801:Humans; D009293:Opioid-Related Disorders / Q000523:psychology* / Q000628:therapy; D016032:Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic
D000701:Analgesics, Opioid
Analgesics; Central sensitization; Peripheral sensitization; Psychosocial factors; Substance addiction