Lethal H1N1 influenza A virus infection alters the murine alveolar type II cell surfactant lipidome.
Alveolar type II (ATII) epithelial cells are the primary site of influenza virus replication in the distal lung. Development of acute respiratory distress syndrome in influenza-infected mice correlates with significant alterations in ATII cell function. However, the impact of infection on ATII cell surfactant lipid metabolism has not been explored. C57BL/6 mice were inoculated intranasally with influenza A/WSN/33 (H1N1) virus (10,000 plaque-forming units/mouse) or mock-infected with virus diluent. ATII cells were isolated by a standard lung digestion protocol at 2 and 6 days postinfection. Levels of 77 surfactant lipid-related compounds of known identity in each ATII cell sample were measured by ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry. In other mice, bronchoalveolar lavage fluid was collected to measure lipid and protein content using commercial assay kits. Relative to mock-infected animals, ATII cells from influenza-infected mice contained reduced levels of major surfactant phospholipids (phosphatidylcholine, phosphatidylglycerol, and phosphatidylethanolamine) but increased levels of minor phospholipids (phosphatidylserine, phosphatidylinositol, and sphingomyelin), cholesterol, and diacylglycerol. These changes were accompanied by reductions in cytidine 5'-diphosphocholine and 5'-diphosphoethanolamine (liponucleotide precursors for ATII cell phosphatidylcholine and phosphatidylethanolamine synthesis, respectively). ATII cell lamellar bodies were ultrastructurally abnormal after infection. Changes in ATII cell phospholipids were reflected in the composition of bronchoalveolar lavage fluid, which contained reduced amounts of phosphatidylcholine and phosphatidylglycerol but increased amounts of sphingomyelin, cholesterol, and protein. Influenza infection significantly alters ATII cell surfactant lipid metabolism, which may contribute to surfactant dysfunction and development of acute respiratory distress syndrome in influenza-infected mice.
Department of Veterinary Biosciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio; and.
Parker S
PS
Woods
Department of Veterinary Biosciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio; and.
Lauren M
LM
Doolittle
Department of Veterinary Biosciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio; and.
Lucia E
LE
Rosas
Department of Veterinary Biosciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio; and.
Lisa M
LM
Joseph
Department of Pathology, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio.
Edward P
EP
Calomeni
Department of Veterinary Biosciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio; and davis.2448@osu.edu.
Ian C
IC
Davis
D056809:Alveolar Epithelial Cells / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000502:physiology* / Q000821:virology; D000818:Animals; D001992:Bronchoalveolar Lavage Fluid; D002469:Cell Separation; D002784:Cholesterol / Q000378:metabolism; D003566:Cytidine Diphosphate Choline; D053118:Influenza A Virus, H1N1 Subtype / Q000502:physiology*; D050356:Lipid Metabolism; D055442:Metabolome; D008810:Mice, Inbred C57BL; D009976:Orthomyxoviridae Infections / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000821:virology*; D010743:Phospholipids / Q000378:metabolism; D011663:Pulmonary Surfactants / Q000378:metabolism*
D010743:Phospholipids; D011663:Pulmonary Surfactants; D003566:Cytidine Diphosphate Choline; D002784:Cholesterol
acute respiratory distress syndrome; alveolar type II cell; influenza; lipidomics; liponucleotide; mouse; phospholipid; surfactant