Knowledge of the physiology of spore-forming bacteria can explain the origin of spores in the food environment.
Spore-forming bacteria are able to grow under a wide range of environmental conditions, to form biofilms and to differentiate into resistant forms: spores. This resistant form allows their dissemination in the environment; consequently, they may contaminate raw materials. Sporulation can occur all along the food chain, in raw materials, but also in food processes, leading to an increase in food contamination. However, the problem of sporulation during food processing is poorly addressed and sporulation niches are difficult to identify from the farm to the fork. Sporulation is a survival strategy. Some environmental factors are required to trigger this differentiation process and others act by modulating it. The efficiency of sporulation is the result of the combined effects of these two types of factors on vegetative cell metabolism. This paper aims to explain and help identify sporulation niches in the food chain, based on features of spore-former physiology.
Université de Brest, EA3882, Laboratoire Universitaire de Biodiversité et Ecologie Microbienne, UMT Spore-Risk, 6 rue de l'Université, Quimper, France. Electronic address: emilie.gauvry@univ-brest.fr.
Emilie
E
Gauvry
Université de Brest, EA3882, Laboratoire Universitaire de Biodiversité et Ecologie Microbienne, UMT Spore-Risk, 6 rue de l'Université, Quimper, France. Electronic address: Anne-Gabrielle.Mathot@univ-brest.fr.
Anne-Gabrielle
AG
Mathot
Université de Brest, EA3882, Laboratoire Universitaire de Biodiversité et Ecologie Microbienne, UMT Spore-Risk, 6 rue de l'Université, Quimper, France. Electronic address: ivan.leguerinel@univ-brest.fr.
Ivan
I
Leguérinel
Université de Brest, EA3882, Laboratoire Universitaire de Biodiversité et Ecologie Microbienne, UMT Spore-Risk, 6 rue de l'Université, Quimper, France. Electronic address: Olivier.Couvert@univ-brest.fr.
Olivier
O
Couvert
ADRIA Développement, UMT14.01 Spore-Risk, Z.A. de Creac'h Gwen, Quimper, France. Electronic address: florence.postollec@adria.tm.fr.
Florence
F
Postollec
INRA, UMR408 Sécurité et Qualité des Produits d'Origine Végétale, F-84000 Avignon, France; Avignon Université, UMR408 Sécurité et Qualité des Produits d'Origine Végétale, F-84000 Avignon, France. Electronic address: veronique.broussolle@avignon.inra.fr.
Véronique
V
Broussolle
Université de Brest, EA3882, Laboratoire Universitaire de Biodiversité et Ecologie Microbienne, UMT Spore-Risk, 6 rue de l'Université, Quimper, France. Electronic address: louis.coroller@univ-brest.fr.
Louis
L
Coroller
D000821:Animal Feed / Q000382:microbiology; D000818:Animals; D001407:Bacillus / Q000254:growth & development* / Q000378:metabolism; D001426:Bacterial Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D018441:Biofilms / Q000254:growth & development; D003013:Clostridium / Q000254:growth & development* / Q000378:metabolism; D005506:Food Contamination; D005511:Food Handling; D005516:Food Microbiology; D006799:Housing, Animal; D053038:Quorum Sensing / Q000502:physiology; D013171:Spores, Bacterial / Q000254:growth & development*; D014157:Transcription Factors / Q000378:metabolism; D014675:Vegetables / Q000382:microbiology
D001426:Bacterial Proteins; C080950:Spo0A protein, Bacillus subtilis; D014157:Transcription Factors
Environmental factors; Food process; Spore-former; Sporulation initiation