Vital Signs: Disparities in Tobacco-Related Cancer Incidence and Mortality - United States, 2004-2013.
BACKGROUND
Tobacco use causes at least 12 types of cancer and is the leading preventable cause of cancer.


METHODS
Data from the United States Cancer Statistics dataset for 2004-2013 were used to assess incidence and death rates and trends for cancers that can be caused by tobacco use (tobacco-related cancers: oral cavity and pharynx; esophagus; stomach; colon and rectum; liver; pancreas; larynx; lung, bronchus, and trachea; kidney and renal pelvis; urinary bladder; cervix; and acute myeloid leukemia) by sex, age, race, ethnicity, state, county-level poverty and educational attainment, and cancer site.


RESULTS
Each year during 2009-2013, on average, 660,000 persons in the United States received a diagnosis of a tobacco-related cancer, and 343,000 persons died from these cancers. Tobacco-related cancer incidence and death rates were higher among men than women; highest among black men and women; higher in counties with low proportion of college graduates or high level of poverty; lowest in the West; and differed two-fold among states. During 2004-2013, incidence of tobacco-related cancer decreased 1.3% per year and mortality decreased 1.6% per year, with decreases observed across most groups, but not at the same rate.


CONCLUSIONS
Tobacco-related cancer declined during 2004-2013. However, the burden remains high, and disparities persist among certain groups with higher rates or slower declines in rates.


CONCLUSIONS
The burden of tobacco-related cancers can be reduced through efforts to prevent and control tobacco use and other comprehensive cancer control efforts focused on reducing cancer risk, detecting cancer early, improving cancer treatments, helping more persons survive cancer, improving cancer survivors' quality of life, and better assisting communities disproportionately impacted by cancer.
S Jane
SJ
Henley
Cheryll C
CC
Thomas
Saida R
SR
Sharapova
Behnoosh
B
Momin
Greta M
GM
Massetti
Deborah M
DM
Winn
Brian S
BS
Armour
Lisa C
LC
Richardson
D000328:Adult; D017677:Age Distribution; D000368:Aged; D005006:Ethnicity / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D005260:Female; D054624:Health Status Disparities; D006801:Humans; D015994:Incidence; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009369:Neoplasms / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000208:ethnology / Q000401:mortality*; D044469:Racial Groups / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D017678:Sex Distribution; D012907:Smoking / Q000009:adverse effects*; D012959:Socioeconomic Factors; D014481:United States / Q000453:epidemiology