Blood-CSF barrier and compartmentalization of CNS cellular immune response in HIV infection.
HIV infection is persistent in the CNS, to evaluate the compartmentalization of the CNS immune response to HIV, we compared soluble markers of cellular immunity in the blood and CSF among HIV- (n=19) and HIV+ (n=68), as well as among HIV participants with or without CSF pleocytosis. Dysfunction of the blood cerebrospinal fluid barrier (BCSFB) was common in HIV participants. CSF levels of TNFα, IFNγ, IL-2, IL-6, IL-7, IL-10, IP-10, MIP-1α, MIP-1β, and RANTES were significantly higher in participants with CSF pleocytosis (P<0.05); serum levels of these biomarkers were comparable. The CNS immune response is compartmentalized, and remains so despite the BCSFB dysfunction during HIV infection; it is markedly reduced by virology suppression, although BCSFB dysfunction persists on this subgroup.
Universidade Federal do Paraná, Curitiba, Paraná, Brazil; Faculdades Pequeno Príncipe, Curitiba, Paraná, Brazil; Instituto de Pesquisa Pelé Pequeno Príncipe, Curitiba, Paraná, Brazil. Electronic address: sergio.ma@ufpr.br.
Sérgio M
SM
de Almeida
Universidade Federal do Paraná, Curitiba, Paraná, Brazil; Faculdades Pequeno Príncipe, Curitiba, Paraná, Brazil; Instituto de Pesquisa Pelé Pequeno Príncipe, Curitiba, Paraná, Brazil.
Indianara
I
Rotta
Universidade Federal do Paraná, Curitiba, Paraná, Brazil.
Clea E
CE
Ribeiro
University of California San Diego, San Diego, CA, USA.
Davey
D
Smith
University of California San Diego, San Diego, CA, USA.
Ruiyi
R
Wang
University of California San Diego, San Diego, CA, USA.
Jennifer
J
Judicello
University of California San Diego, San Diego, CA, USA.
Michael
M
Potter
University of California San Diego, San Diego, CA, USA.
Florin
F
Vaida
University of California San Diego, San Diego, CA, USA.
Scott
S
Letendre
University of California San Diego, San Diego, CA, USA.
Ronald J
RJ
Ellis
University of California San Diego, San Diego, CA, USA.
D000328:Adult; D001812:Blood-Brain Barrier / Q000473:pathology*; D002490:Central Nervous System / Q000473:pathology*; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D016207:Cytokines / Q000097:blood* / Q000134:cerebrospinal fluid*; D005260:Female; D015658:HIV Infections / Q000134:cerebrospinal fluid / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D015497:HIV-1 / Q000235:genetics; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D012313:RNA / Q000134:cerebrospinal fluid
D016207:Cytokines; D012313:RNA
Biomarkers; Blood-CSF barrier; Cerebrospinal fluid; HIV-1; HIV-associated neurocognitive disorders; Inflammation; Subtype