Transcriptional and Posttranslational Regulation of Nucleotide Excision Repair: The Guardian of the Genome against Ultraviolet Radiation.
Ultraviolet (UV) radiation from sunlight represents a constant threat to genome stability by generating modified DNA bases such as cyclobutane pyrimidine dimers (CPD) and pyrimidine-pyrimidone (6-4) photoproducts (6-4PP). If unrepaired, these lesions can have deleterious effects, including skin cancer. Mammalian cells are able to neutralize UV-induced photolesions through nucleotide excision repair (NER). The NER pathway has multiple components including seven xeroderma pigmentosum (XP) proteins (XPA to XPG) and numerous auxiliary factors, including ataxia telangiectasia and Rad3-related (ATR) protein kinase and RCC1 like domain (RLD) and homologous to the E6-AP carboxyl terminus (HECT) domain containing E3 ubiquitin protein ligase 2 (HERC2). In this review we highlight recent data on the transcriptional and posttranslational regulation of NER activity.
Department of Biological Science, Dong-A University, Busan 49315, Korea. zmpark@donga.ac.kr.
Jeong-Min
JM
Park
Department of Biological Science, Dong-A University, Busan 49315, Korea. thkang@dau.ac.kr.
Tae-Hong
TH
Kang
D000818:Animals; D064007:Ataxia Telangiectasia Mutated Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D002868:Chromosomal Proteins, Non-Histone / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D004249:DNA Damage; D004260:DNA Repair; D020662:Guanine Nucleotide Exchange Factors / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D020033:Protein Isoforms / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D011499:Protein Processing, Post-Translational; D011740:Pyrimidine Dimers / Q000378:metabolism; D015398:Signal Transduction; D012878:Skin Neoplasms / Q000209:etiology / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D014158:Transcription, Genetic; D044767:Ubiquitin-Protein Ligases; D014466:Ultraviolet Rays / Q000009:adverse effects*; D014983:Xeroderma Pigmentosum / Q000209:etiology / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D051760:Xeroderma Pigmentosum Group A Protein / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism
D002868:Chromosomal Proteins, Non-Histone; D020662:Guanine Nucleotide Exchange Factors; D020033:Protein Isoforms; D011740:Pyrimidine Dimers; C477650:RCC2 protein, human; C497314:XPA protein, human; D051760:Xeroderma Pigmentosum Group A Protein; C058406:pyrimidine-pyrimidone dimer; C118566:HERC2 protein, human; D044767:Ubiquitin-Protein Ligases; C576597:ATR protein, human; D064007:Ataxia Telangiectasia Mutated Proteins
nucleotide excision repair; posttranslational regulation; transcriptional regulation; ultraviolet radiation