Electrical stimulation of cerebellar fastigial nucleus protects against cerebral ischemic injury by PPARγ upregulation.
OBJECTIVE
Cerebellar fastigial nucleus stimulation (FNS) has been shown to protect against cerebral ischemic injury. Peroxisome proliferator activator receptor gamma (PPARγ) has been reported to cause neuroprotection in animal models of stroke. The present study was performed to explore the neuroprotective mechanisms of FNS treatment in experimental stroke.


METHODS
Adult male Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats preconditioned through transfection with either PPARγ-small hairpin RNA (shRNA) or lentiviral vector without shRNA and surgically subjected to middle cerebral artery occlusion and reperfusion subsequently received FNS treatment. The expression of PPARγ after FNS treatment was measured using western blotting and immunohistochemistry. Subsequently, the neuronal apoptosis, neurological deficits scores, and cerebral infarction were also evaluated. Additionally, the influence of FNS on the pro-inflammatory cytokines expression were determined by ELISA.


RESULTS
We found that FNS significantly upregulated PPARγ expression, attenuated apoptosis and inflammatory response, and reduced infarct volume. The protective effect of FNS was abrogated by PPARγ-shRNA.


CONCLUSIONS
Our results as described above suggested that FNS confers neuroprotection by upregulated PPARγ.
a Department of Neurology , Shandong Provincial Jiaotong Hospital , Jinan , Shandong , China.
Bin
B
Liu
b Department of Neurology , The Second Afﬁliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University , Chongqing , China.
Yanhong
Y
Zhang
b Department of Neurology , The Second Afﬁliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University , Chongqing , China.
Ying
Y
Jiang
b Department of Neurology , The Second Afﬁliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University , Chongqing , China.
Longling
L
Li
b Department of Neurology , The Second Afﬁliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University , Chongqing , China.
Changqing
C
Li
b Department of Neurology , The Second Afﬁliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University , Chongqing , China.
Jinfang
J
Li
D000704:Analysis of Variance; D000818:Animals; D017209:Apoptosis / Q000502:physiology; D002545:Brain Ischemia / Q000150:complications* / Q000628:therapy; D002529:Cerebellar Nuclei / Q000502:physiology*; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D004558:Electric Stimulation; D004660:Encephalitis / Q000378:metabolism; D004797:Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay; D020287:In Situ Nick-End Labeling; D020244:Infarction, Middle Cerebral Artery / Q000150:complications; D008297:Male; D009422:Nervous System Diseases / Q000209:etiology* / Q000517:prevention & control*; D047495:PPAR gamma / Q000378:metabolism*; D034741:RNA, Small Interfering / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D015424:Reperfusion; D014161:Transduction, Genetic; D015854:Up-Regulation / Q000502:physiology*
D047495:PPAR gamma; D034741:RNA, Small Interfering
Middle cerebral artery occlusion; PPARγ; apoptosis; fastigial nucleus stimulation; inflammation