PIN1 in breast development and cancer: a clinical perspective.
Mammary gland development, various stages of mammary tumorigenesis and breast cancer progression have the peptidyl-prolyl cis/trans isomerase PIN1 at their centerpiece, in virtue of the ability of this unique enzyme to fine-tune the dynamic crosstalk between multiple molecular pathways. PIN1 exerts its action by inducing conformational and functional changes on key cellular proteins, following proline-directed phosphorylation. Through this post-phosphorylation signal transduction mechanism, PIN1 controls the extent and direction of the cellular response to a variety of inputs, in physiology and disease. This review discusses PIN1's roles in normal mammary development and cancerous progression, as well as the clinical impact of targeting this enzyme in breast cancer patients.
National Laboratory CIB (LNCIB), Area Science Park, Padriciano 99, Trieste 34149, Italy.
Alessandra
A
Rustighi
National Laboratory CIB (LNCIB), Area Science Park, Padriciano 99, Trieste 34149, Italy.|Department of Life Sciences, University of Trieste, via Weiss 2, Trieste 34128, Italy.
Alessandro
A
Zannini
National Laboratory CIB (LNCIB), Area Science Park, Padriciano 99, Trieste 34149, Italy.|Department of Life Sciences, University of Trieste, via Weiss 2, Trieste 34128, Italy.
Elena
E
Campaner
National Laboratory CIB (LNCIB), Area Science Park, Padriciano 99, Trieste 34149, Italy.
Yari
Y
Ciani
National Laboratory CIB (LNCIB), Area Science Park, Padriciano 99, Trieste 34149, Italy.|Bioinformatics Core Facility, Centre for Integrative Biology, CIBIO, University of Trento, Via Sommarive 18, 38123, Povo, Trento, Italy.
Silvano
S
Piazza
National Laboratory CIB (LNCIB), Area Science Park, Padriciano 99, Trieste 34149, Italy.|Department of Life Sciences, University of Trieste, via Weiss 2, Trieste 34128, Italy.
Giannino
G
Del Sal
D001943:Breast Neoplasms / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology*; D019008:Drug Resistance, Neoplasm; D050684:E2F Transcription Factors / Q000378:metabolism; D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors / Q000627:therapeutic use; D005260:Female; D042822:Genomic Instability; D006801:Humans; D042361:Mammary Glands, Human / Q000254:growth & development / Q000378:metabolism*; D000072340:NIMA-Interacting Peptidylprolyl Isomerase / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D015398:Signal Transduction
D050684:E2F Transcription Factors; D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors; D000072340:NIMA-Interacting Peptidylprolyl Isomerase; C000606846:PIN1 protein, human