Adenovirus 36 antibody detection: Improving the standard serum neutralization assay.
Adenovirus 36 (AdV36) causes weight gain in animal models, including non-human primates. In humans, AdV36-neutralizing antibodies are associated with adiposity; however, longitudinal studies in large populations are needed to clarify AdV36's contribution. The current gold standard for detection of AdV36-specific antibody is the serum neutralization assay (SNA), which requires long incubation times and highly trained personnel. The standard SNA was modified using an immunocytochemical (ICC) approach, which allows for a more rapid and objective assessment of AdV36 antibodies. Using the ICC assay, virus-infected cells were detected as early as day 1 (D1) and by D5 were detected in 100% of microtiter wells versus 20.3% of wells detected by observing the cytopathic effect. Further, human sera tested with the ICC assay at D5 had a sensitivity and specificity of 80.0% and 95.7%, respectively, when compared to the standard SNA read at D11. Thus, the ICC assay decreased assay incubation time, provided a more objective and easily interpreted assessment, and had a high degree of sensitivity and specificity in determining serological status. The more rapid and objective ICC method will make large population studies feasible, improve comparability among laboratories, and contribute to understanding the role of AdV36 in obesity.
Center for Infectious Diseases, The University of Texas School of Public Health, Houston, TX, United States; Department of Epidemiology, Human Genetics and Environmental Sciences, The University of Texas School of Public Health, Houston, TX, United States. Electronic address: Cynthia.L.Chappell@uth.tmc.edu.
Cynthia L
CL
Chappell
Comparative Laboratory Animal Medicine Center, The University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston, TX, United States. Electronic address: mdickerson@ocm.utah.edu.
Mary
M
Dickerson
Michael & Susan Dell Center for Healthy Living, The University of Texas School of Public Health, Houston, TX, United States; Department of Epidemiology, Human Genetics and Environmental Sciences, The University of Texas School of Public Health, Houston, TX, United States. Electronic address: Rena.S.Day@uth.tmc.edu.
R Sue
RS
Day
Infections and Obesity Laboratory, Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Baton Rouge, LA, United States. Electronic address: Olga.Dubuisson@pbrc.edu.
Olga
O
Dubuisson
Infections and Obesity Laboratory, Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Baton Rouge, LA, United States. Electronic address: Nikhil.dhurandhar@ttu.edu.
Nikhil V
NV
Dhurandhar
D000258:Adenovirus Infections, Human / Q000175:diagnosis*; D000260:Adenoviruses, Human / Q000276:immunology*; D057134:Antibodies, Neutralizing / Q000097:blood*; D000914:Antibodies, Viral / Q000097:blood*; D004797:Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay / Q000379:methods; D006801:Humans; D007150:Immunohistochemistry / Q000379:methods*; D009500:Neutralization Tests; D009765:Obesity / Q000821:virology; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity
D057134:Antibodies, Neutralizing; D000914:Antibodies, Viral
Adiposity; Elisa; Immunochemical staining; Infectobesity; Obesity; Serological assay