Successful Treatment of Disseminated Bacillus Calmette-Guérin Disease in an HIV-Infected Child with a Linezolid-Containing Regimen.
Upon HIV infection diagnosis, an 8-month-old boy was transferred for evaluation of worsening respiratory distress requiring mechanical ventilation.Pneumocystis jiroveciipneumonia (PCP) was diagnosed; the boy also had a nonhealing ulcer at the site of vaccination with Statens Serum Institut (Danish strain) Bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG) vaccine and associated axillary lymphadenopathy. PCP treatment resulted in weaning from mechanical ventilation. Antimycobacterial treatment was immediately attempted but was discontinued because of hepatotoxicity. Over several months, he developed splenic lesions and then disseminated skin and cystic bone lesions.M. boviswas repeatedly cultured from both skin and bone lesions despite various multidrug antimycobacterial regimens which included linezolid. Eventually, treatment with a regimen of rifabutin, isoniazid, ethambutol, and linezolid led to definitive cure. Clinicians should consider a linezolid-containing regimen for treatment of severe disseminated BCG infection, especially if other drug regimens have failed. Although drug toxicity is a particular concern for young children, this patient received linezolid for 13 months without serious toxicity. This case also highlights the need for universal screening among pregnant women to prevent vertical transmission of HIV. Finally, routine immunization with BCG vaccine at birth should be questioned in countries with low and declining burden of tuberculosis.
University Hospital for Infectious Diseases, Zagreb, Croatia.
Srđan
0000-0002-4441-2600
S
Roglić
University of California, San Francisco, School of Medicine, San Francisco, CA, USA.
Drusia
D
Dickson
University Hospital for Infectious Diseases, Zagreb, Croatia; School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia.
Branko
B
Miše
University Hospital for Infectious Diseases, Zagreb, Croatia.
Klaudija
0000-0002-5927-3201
K
Višković
Croatian Institute of Public Health, Zagreb, Croatia.
Vera
V
Katalinić-Janković
University of California, San Francisco, School of Medicine, San Francisco, CA, USA.
George
G
Rutherford
University Hospital for Infectious Diseases, Zagreb, Croatia; School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia.
Josip
0000-0003-2641-4327
J
Begovac