HIV/AIDS Risk and Prevention Issues Among Inuit Living in Nunavut Territory of Canada.
OBJECTIVE
HIV infections occur across the Arctic but their incidence among aboriginal populations varies vastly. At the time this research was initiated there were no data on their occurrence, risk of HIV/AIDS or preventive strategies among Inuit living in the Nunavut territory of Canada. This review is the first to assess the risk of HIV infection among Inuit and evaluate current prevention strategies among Canadian-Inuit populations.


METHODS
The contents of this article are based on the author's own research, undertaken during 3 visits to the Canadian Arctic and the published literature.


RESULTS
Disproportionately high rates of Chlamydia and Gonorrhoea within Inuit communities confirm the potential threat of silent HIV transmission. Inuit awareness of HIV/AIDS issues remains inadequate. It is easy to blame distorted perceptions fuelled by the media, religious influence and socio-cultural factors. Aboriginal and Inuit groups, including youth, women and injection drug abusers are at increased risk of infection. The adaptability of proven prevention methods including condom use and male circumcision are discussed. Access to treatment, adherence and resistance issues in the North Canada, require attention.


CONCLUSIONS
HIV/AIDS poses a considerable threat to Canadian Inuit public health. The most important problem to be addressed is Inuit lack of awareness and understanding of HIV. Education is the single most effective means of prevention. Inuit-specific and culture-sensitive interventions are recommended. Further research opportunities exist to investigate Inuit understanding over HIV/AIDS issues and to assess local prevention efforts.
Department of Infection, Immunity and Inflammation, University of Leicester, Leicester, U.K. dralexanderkumar@gmail.com.
Alexander
A
Kumar
D000163:Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000517:prevention & control*; D001110:Arctic Regions; D015658:HIV Infections / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000517:prevention & control*; D007722:Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice; D006801:Humans; D004930:Inuit / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D020957:Nunavut / Q000453:epidemiology; D015995:Prevalence; D011315:Preventive Medicine / Q000379:methods*; D012307:Risk Factors
Aboriginals; HIV/AIDS; Inuit; epidemiology; review; sexually transmitted disease