Relationship between Irisin Concentration and Serum Cytokines in Mother and Newborn.
BACKGROUND
Irisin is considered to be a myokine and adipokine that may also participate in reproductive functions, as it increases significantly throughout pregnancy. However, the regulation of circulating irisin and its relationship with other cytokines has not been assessed thus far in pregnant women and their offspring.


OBJECTIVE
The aim of this study was to evaluate differences in irisin and cytokine concentrations between women at the end of pregnancy and their offspring, as well as the relationship between maternal and newborn irisin and maternal and newborn biomarkers.


METHODS
Twenty-eight mother/newborn pairs were included in this study. The following biomarkers were evaluated in maternal venous and arterial umbilical cord blood samples: irisin, 27 cytokine panel, total antioxidant capacity (TAC), total plasma protein, and free fatty acid concentration.


RESULTS
The newborns had significantly lower irisin concentrations compared to their mothers (p = 0.03), but this difference was present only in babies born from mothers without labor prior to cesarean section delivery (p = 0.01). No significant differences in maternal and newborn irisin concentrations were found between diabetic and non-diabetic mothers or between overweight/obese and normal weight mothers. A significant positive correlation was found between TAC level and irisin concentration in newborns. Maternal and newborn interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-1RA, IL-5, IL-7, and interferon gamma-induced protein (IP)-10 levels were significantly positively correlated with irisin concentrations in both study groups. In addition, maternal IL1β, IL-5, IL-7, and IP-10 levels positively predicted maternal irisin concentrations. Furthermore, arterial cord blood TAC and IL-1β and IL1-RA levels positively predicted newborn irisin concentrations. Multiple regression analyses showed that maternal IL-13 negatively predicted offspring irisin levels (p = 0.03) and that maternal IL-1β positively predicted newborn irisin concentrations (p = 0.046).


CONCLUSIONS
No evidence was found that serum irisin concentrations in mothers at pregnancy termination or those of their newborns correlated with maternal body mass index, the presence of diabetes mellitus, or free fatty acid levels. However, the results of this study indicated that cytokines might predict irisin concentration in mothers and their offspring, although interactions between irisin levels during pregnancy and the newborn have not yet been fully elucidated.
Neurobiology of Development, Instituto Nacional de Perinatologia, Mexico City, Mexico.
Maria
M
Hernandez-Trejo
Catedra de Cardiologia, Escuela Nacional de Medicina, Tecnologico de Monterrey, Monterrey, México.|Centro de Investigacion Biomedica, Hospital Zambrano-Hellion, Tecnologico de Monterrey, San Pedro Garza-Garcia, Mexico.
Gerardo
G
Garcia-Rivas
Catedra de Cardiologia, Escuela Nacional de Medicina, Tecnologico de Monterrey, Monterrey, México.
Alejandro
A
Torres-Quintanilla
Basic Medical Sciences, TEC-ABC School of Medicine, Tecnologico de Monterrey, Mexico City, Mexico.
Estibalitz
http://orcid.org/0000-0002-3271-9955
E
Laresgoiti-Servitje
D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000975:Antioxidants / Q000378:metabolism; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000097:blood*; D015992:Body Mass Index; D054357:Chemokine CXCL10 / Q000097:blood; D016207:Cytokines / Q000097:blood*; D016640:Diabetes, Gestational / Q000097:blood; D005227:Fatty Acids / Q000097:blood; D005260:Female; D005312:Fetal Blood / Q000378:metabolism*; D005353:Fibronectins / Q000097:blood*; D006801:Humans; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D007378:Interleukins / Q000097:blood; D016014:Linear Models; D009035:Mothers; D015999:Multivariate Analysis; D011247:Pregnancy; D055815:Young Adult
D000975:Antioxidants; D015415:Biomarkers; C114753:CXCL10 protein, human; D054357:Chemokine CXCL10; D016207:Cytokines; C577593:FNDC5 protein, human; D005227:Fatty Acids; D005353:Fibronectins; D007378:Interleukins