The genus Rosa and arthritis: Overview on pharmacological perspectives.
The genus Rosa (roses) has long been used in traditional or folk medicine worldwide for the treatment of various types of arthritis including rheumatoid arthritis and osteoarthritis. The active constituents of Rosa spp., such as flavonoids, triterpenoids, and phytosterols, could act on different targets in the NF-κB signalling pathway, inhibit pro-inflammatory enzymes (e.g. MMPs and COX-2), lower the production of inflammatory cytokines and chemokines (e.g. TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6, CCL5), and reduce oxidative stress, which in turn suppress inflammatory processes. Preclinical and clinical studies have demonstrated that these species possess analgesic, anti-arthritic, anti-inflammatory, anti-oxidative and bone-preserving activities. This review presents comprehensive overview of the mode and mechanism of action of various extracts, preparations, and active constituents from this genus. The dynamic beneficial effects of the products prepared from this genus in arthritis management are summarized. The Rosa genus is a treasure waiting for further exploration by researchers interested in the development of safe and effective anti-arthritic agents.
Centre for Cancer and Inflammation Research, School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong.
Brian Chi Yan
BC
Cheng
Centre for Cancer and Inflammation Research, School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong.
Xiu-Qiong
XQ
Fu
Centre for Cancer and Inflammation Research, School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong.
Hui
H
Guo
Centre for Cancer and Inflammation Research, School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong.
Ting
T
Li
Shenzhen Institute of Geriatrics, Shenzhen, China.
Zheng-Zhi
ZZ
Wu
School of Pharmacy & Biomolecular Sciences, Liverpool John Moores University, L33AF, United Kingdom; Faculty of Science, University of Technology, Sydney, NSW 2007, Australia.
Kelvin
K
Chan
Centre for Cancer and Inflammation Research, School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong. Electronic address: zlyu@hkbu.edu.hk.
Zhi-Ling
ZL
Yu
D000818:Animals; D000893:Anti-Inflammatory Agents / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000493:pharmacokinetics / Q000494:pharmacology* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D000975:Antioxidants / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000493:pharmacokinetics / Q000494:pharmacology* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D001168:Arthritis / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000276:immunology; D016207:Cytokines / Q000276:immunology; D005419:Flavonoids / Q000737:chemistry / Q000493:pharmacokinetics / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use; D006801:Humans; D007249:Inflammation / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000276:immunology; D016328:NF-kappa B / Q000276:immunology; D010146:Pain / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000276:immunology; D010636:Phenols / Q000737:chemistry / Q000493:pharmacokinetics / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use; D008517:Phytotherapy / Q000379:methods; D027826:Rosa / Q000737:chemistry*; D015398:Signal Transduction / Q000187:drug effects; D014315:Triterpenes / Q000737:chemistry / Q000493:pharmacokinetics / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use
D000893:Anti-Inflammatory Agents; D000975:Antioxidants; D016207:Cytokines; D005419:Flavonoids; D016328:NF-kappa B; D010636:Phenols; D014315:Triterpenes
Rheumatoid arthritis; Rosa canina; Rosa multiflora; Rose hips; Ursolic acid; β-sitosterol