Hyponatraemia: Epidemiology and aetiology in a tertiary care centre in Pakistan.
To determine the incidence, aetiology and epidemiology of hospitalized patients with hyponatraemia.



Subjects were identified through hospital information system for two consecutive low sodium values (< 130 mEq/L) and charts were reviewed retrospectively. Possible etiologic factors were identified and co-morbidities documented. Management plans were also noted.



Among the hospitalized patients the incidence of hyponatraemia was 6.72%. The mean age was 54.8±14.8 years and there were 50% males. The mean serum sodium at presentation was 122 mEq/L. Most common causes were volume depletion (30.6%) and chronic kidney disease (22.6%). Most of the patients had two or more co morbidities. Hyponatraemia at presentation and improvement or worsening during hospital stay did not affect survival of patients.



Hypervolaemic hyponatraemia was the most common presentation in our study.
Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, University of Health Sciences, Lahore.
Nauman
N
Tarif
Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, University of Health Sciences, Lahore.
Omer
O
Sabir
Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, University of Health Sciences, Lahore.
Azra
A
Niaz
Department of Pathology, Fatima Memorial Hospital, University of Health Sciences, Lahore.
Rizwan
R
Akhtar
Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, University of Health Sciences, Lahore.
Kashif
K
Rafique
Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, University of Health Sciences, Lahore.
Nabiha
N
Rizvi
D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D006801:Humans; D007010:Hyponatremia / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000209:etiology; D015994:Incidence; D007902:Length of Stay; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010154:Pakistan / Q000453:epidemiology; D012964:Sodium; D062606:Tertiary Care Centers / Q000706:statistics & numerical data
D012964:Sodium
Hyponatremia, Serum Sodium concentration, Hypovolemic Hyponatremia, SIADH, Hypervolemic Hyponatremia.