Protein oxidation: an overview of metabolism of sulphur containing amino acid, cysteine.
The available data suggest that among cellular constituents, proteins are the major target for oxidation primarily because of their quantity and high rate of interactions with ROS. Proteins are susceptible to ROS modifications of amino acid side chains which alter protein structure. Among the amino acids, Cysteine (Cys) is more prone to oxidation by ROS because of its high nucleophilic property. The reactivity of Cys with ROS is due to the presence of thiol group. In the oxidised form, Cys forms disulfide bond, which are primary covalent cross-link found in proteins, and which stabilize the native conformation of a protein. Indirect evidence suggests that thiol modifications by ROS may be involved in neurodegenerative disorders, but the significance and precise extent of the contributions are poorly understood. Here, we review the role of oxidized Cys in different pathological consequences and its biochemistry may increase the research in the discovery of new therapies. The purpose of this review is to re-examine the role and biochemistry of oxidised Cys residues.
Department of Biosciences, Integral University, Lucknow-226026, saheem@iul.ac.in.
Saheem
S
Ahmad
Department of Biosciences, Integral University, Lucknow- 226026, India.
Hamda
H
Khan
Department of Biochemistry, King George Medical University, Lucknow, India.
Uzma
U
Shahab
Rajiv Gandhi Center for Diabetes and Endocrinology, J.N. Medical College, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh-202002, India.
Shahnawaz
S
Rehman
Department of Biosciences, Integral University, Lucknow- 226026, India,and Department of Bioengineering, Integral University, Lucknow- 226026, India.
Zeeshan
Z
Rafi
Department of Biosciences, Integral University, Lucknow- 226026, India.
Mohd Yasir
MY
Khan
Department of Biosciences, Integral University, Lucknow- 226026, India.
Ahsanullah
A
Ansari
Department of Biosciences, Integral University, Lucknow- 226026, India.
Zeba
Z
Siddiqui
Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, Jazan University, Jazan, Saudi Arabia.
Jalaluddin Mohammad
JM
Ashraf
Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, Jazan University, Jazan, Saudi Arabia.
Saleh M S
SM
Abdullah
Department of Biochemistry, J.N. Medical College, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh-202002, India.
Safia
S
Habib
Department of Biosciences, Integral University, Lucknow- 226026, India.
Moin
M
Uddin
D000595:Amino Acid Sequence; D003545:Cysteine / Q000378:metabolism*; D005609:Free Radicals / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D010084:Oxidation-Reduction; D011506:Proteins / Q000378:metabolism*; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species / Q000378:metabolism
D005609:Free Radicals; D011506:Proteins; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species; D003545:Cysteine