Mercury Exposure in Children of the Wanshan Mercury Mining Area, Guizhou, China.
To evaluate the mercury (Hg) exposure level of children located in a Hg mining area, total Hg concentrations and speciation were determined in hair and urine samples of children in the Wanshan Hg mining area, Guizhou Province, China. Rice samples consumed by these same children were also collected for total mercury (THg) and methyl-mercury (MeHg) analysis. The geometric mean concentrations of THg and MeHg in the hair samples were 1.4 (range 0.50-6.0) μg/g and 1.1 (range 0.35-4.2) μg/g, respectively, while the geometric mean concentration of urine Hg (UHg) was 1.4 (range 0.09-26) μg/g Creatinine (Cr). The average of the probable daily intake (PDI) of MeHg via rice consumption was 0.052 (0.0033-0.39) µg/kg/day, which significantly correlated with the hair MeHg concentrations (r = 0.55,p< 0.01), indicating that ingestion of rice is the main pathway of MeHg exposure for children in this area. Furthermore, 18% (26/141) of the PDIs of MeHg exceeded the USEPA Reference Dose (RfD) of 0.10 µg/kg/day, indicating that children in this area are at a high MeHg exposure level. This paper for the first time evaluates the co-exposure levels of IHg and MeHg of children living in Wanshan mining area, and revealed the difference in exposure patterns between children and adults in this area.
State Key Laboratory of Environmental Geochemistry, Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guiyang 550081, China. dubuyun2010@163.com.|University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China. dubuyun2010@163.com.
Buyun
B
Du
State Key Laboratory of Environmental Geochemistry, Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guiyang 550081, China. liping@mail.gyig.ac.cn.
Ping
P
Li
State Key Laboratory of Environmental Geochemistry, Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guiyang 550081, China. fengxinbin@vip.skleg.cn.
Xinbin
X
Feng
State Key Laboratory of Environmental Geochemistry, Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guiyang 550081, China. qiuguangle@vip.skleg.cn.
Guangle
G
Qiu
Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210008, China. zhoujgzh2010@aliyun.com.
Jun
J
Zhou
Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées, Laboratoire Géosciences Environnement Toulouse, IRD-CNRS-Université Toulouse, 14 avenue Edouard Belin, Toulouse 31400, France. laurence.maurice@ird.fr.
Laurence
L
Maurice
D000293:Adolescent; D002648:Child; D002681:China; D004781:Environmental Exposure; D004784:Environmental Monitoring; D004785:Environmental Pollutants / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000652:urine; D005260:Female; D006197:Hair / Q000737:chemistry; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008628:Mercury / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000652:urine; D008767:Methylmercury Compounds / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000652:urine; D012275:Oryza / Q000737:chemistry*
D004785:Environmental Pollutants; D008767:Methylmercury Compounds; D008628:Mercury
China; Methyl Hg; Wanshan; children; mercury exposure; mercury mining; probable daily intake (PDI); total Hg