The Genome of the Toluene-Degrading Pseudomonas veronii Strain 1YdBTEX2 and Its Differential Gene Expression in Contaminated Sand.
The natural restoration of soils polluted by aromatic hydrocarbons such as benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene and m- and p-xylene (BTEX) may be accelerated by inoculation of specific biodegraders (bioaugmentation). Bioaugmentation mainly involves introducing bacteria that deploy their metabolic properties and adaptation potential to survive and propagate in the contaminated environment by degrading the pollutant. In order to better understand the adaptive response of cells during a transition to contaminated material, we analyzed here the genome and short-term (1 h) changes in genome-wide gene expression of the BTEX-degrading bacterium Pseudomonas veronii 1YdBTEX2 in non-sterile soil and liquid medium, both in presence or absence of toluene. We obtained a gapless genome sequence of P. veronii 1YdBTEX2 covering three individual replicons with a total size of 8 Mb, two of which are largely unrelated to current known bacterial replicons. One-hour exposure to toluene, both in soil and liquid, triggered massive transcription (up to 208-fold induction) of multiple gene clusters, such as toluene degradation pathway(s), chemotaxis and toluene efflux pumps. This clearly underlines their key role in the adaptive response to toluene. In comparison to liquid medium, cells in soil drastically changed expression of genes involved in membrane functioning (e.g., lipid composition, lipid metabolism, cell fatty acid synthesis), osmotic stress response (e.g., polyamine or trehalose synthesis, uptake of potassium) and putrescine metabolism, highlighting the immediate response mechanisms of P. veronii 1YdBTEX2 for successful establishment in polluted soil.
Department of Fundamental Microbiology, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland.
Marian
M
Morales
Department of Fundamental Microbiology, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland.
Vladimir
V
Sentchilo
Institute of Microbiology, University Hospital Center and University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland.|SIB Swiss Institute for Bioinformatics, Lausanne, Switzerland.
Claire
C
Bertelli
Department of Ecology and Evolution, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland.|SIB Swiss Institute for Bioinformatics, Lausanne, Switzerland.
Andrea
A
Komljenovic
Department of Ecology and Evolution, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland.|SIB Swiss Institute for Bioinformatics, Lausanne, Switzerland.
Nadezda
N
Kryuchkova-Mostacci
Master in Molecular Life Sciences, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland.
Audrey
A
Bourdilloud
Bioinformatics and Systems Biology, Justus-Liebig-University, Gießen, Germany.
Burkhard
B
Linke
Bioinformatics and Systems Biology, Justus-Liebig-University, Gießen, Germany.
Alexander
A
Goesmann
Lausanne Genomic Technologies Facility, Center for Integrative Genomics, University of Lausanne, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland.
Keith
K
Harshman
Master in Molecular Life Sciences, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland.
Francisca
F
Segers
Master in Molecular Life Sciences, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland.
Fabien
F
Delapierre
Master in Molecular Life Sciences, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland.
Damien
D
Fiorucci
Master in Molecular Life Sciences, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland.
Mathieu
M
Seppey
Master in Molecular Life Sciences, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland.
Evgeniya
E
Trofimenco
Master in Molecular Life Sciences, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland.
Pauline
P
Berra
Master in Molecular Life Sciences, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland.
Athimed
A
El Taher
Master in Molecular Life Sciences, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland.
Chloé
C
Loiseau
Master in Molecular Life Sciences, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland.
Dejan
D
Roggero
Master in Molecular Life Sciences, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland.
Madeleine
M
Sulfiotti
Master in Molecular Life Sciences, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland.
Angela
A
Etienne
Master in Molecular Life Sciences, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland.
Gustavo
G
Ruiz Buendia
Master in Molecular Life Sciences, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland.
Loïc
L
Pillard
Master in Molecular Life Sciences, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland.
Angelique
A
Escoriza
Master in Molecular Life Sciences, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland.
Roxane
R
Moritz
Master in Molecular Life Sciences, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland.
Cedric
C
Schneider
Master in Molecular Life Sciences, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland.
Esteban
E
Alfonso
Master in Molecular Life Sciences, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland.
Fatma
F
Ben Jeddou
Master in Molecular Life Sciences, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland.
Oliver
O
Selmoni
Department of Fundamental Microbiology, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland.
Gregory
G
Resch
Institute of Microbiology, University Hospital Center and University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland.
Gilbert
G
Greub
Department of Fundamental Microbiology, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland.
Olivier
O
Emery
Department of Fundamental Microbiology, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland.
Manupriyam
M
Dubey
Institute of Microbiology, University Hospital Center and University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland.
Trestan
T
Pillonel
Department of Ecology and Evolution, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland.|SIB Swiss Institute for Bioinformatics, Lausanne, Switzerland.
Marc
M
Robinson-Rechavi
Department of Fundamental Microbiology, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland.
Jan Roelof
JR
van der Meer
D001673:Biodegradation, Environmental; D015964:Gene Expression Regulation, Bacterial / Q000187:drug effects; D016680:Genome, Bacterial / Q000235:genetics; D023281:Genomics; D011549:Pseudomonas / Q000187:drug effects / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism*; D012989:Soil Pollutants / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000633:toxicity; D014050:Toluene / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000633:toxicity
D012989:Soil Pollutants; D014050:Toluene