Racial disparities in prostate cancer: a molecular perspective.
Prostate cancer incidence and mortality rates are remarkably higher in African-American men as compared to their European-Americans counterparts. Despite these recognitions, precise causes underlying such prevalent racial disparities remain poorly understood. Although socioeconomic factors could account for such differences up to a certain extent, it is now being increasingly realized that such disparity has a molecular basis. Indeed, several differences, including genetic polymorphism, gene mutations, epigenetic modifications, miRNAs alterations,etc.,have been reported in malignant prostate tissues from patients of diverse racial backgrounds. Here, we attempt to provide a molecular perspective on prostate cancer racial disparities by gathering available information on these associated factors and discussing their potential significance in disproportionate incidence and clinical outcomes.
Department of Oncologic Sciences, Mitchell Cancer Institute, University of South Alabama, 1660 Spring Hill Avenue, Mobile-36604-1405, Alabama, USA, abhardwaj@health.southalabama.edu.
Arun
A
Bhardwaj
Department of Oncologic Sciences, Mitchell Cancer Institute, University of South Alabama, Mobile, Alabama, USA.
Sanjeev K
SK
Srivastava
Department of Oncologic Sciences, Mitchell Cancer Institute, University of South Alabama, Mobile, Alabama, USA.
Mohammad Aslam
MA
Khan
Department of Oncologic Sciences, Mitchell Cancer Institute, University of South Alabama, Mobile, Alabama, USA.
Vijay K
VK
Prajapati
Department of Oncologic Sciences, Mitchell Cancer Institute, University of South Alabama, Mobile, Alabama, USA,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Medicine, University of South Alabama, Mobile, Alabama, USA.
Seema
S
Singh
Department of Pathology, College of Medicine, University of South Alabama, Mobile, Alabama, USA.
James E
JE
Carter
Department of Oncologic Sciences, Mitchell Cancer Institute, University of South Alabama, Mobile, Alabama, USA,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Medicine, University of South Alabama, Mobile, Alabama, USA.
Ajay P
AP
Singh
D001741:Black or African American / Q000235:genetics*; D044127:Epigenesis, Genetic; D020022:Genetic Predisposition to Disease; D015438:Health Behavior; D006801:Humans; D015994:Incidence; D008297:Male; D035683:MicroRNAs / Q000235:genetics; D009154:Mutation; D011110:Polymorphism, Genetic; D011471:Prostatic Neoplasms / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000209:etiology / Q000235:genetics*; D015398:Signal Transduction; D012959:Socioeconomic Factors; D014481:United States / Q000453:epidemiology; D044465:White People / Q000235:genetics*
D035683:MicroRNAs