Relationships between vitreous levels of soluble receptor for advanced glycation end products (sRAGE) and renal function in patients with diabetic retinopathy.
OBJECTIVE
We investigated the relationship between vitreous levels of soluble receptor for advanced glycation end products (sRAGE) and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and renal function, and correlations between vitreous sRAGE levels and proliferative diabetic retinopathy (PDR) activity.


METHODS
We examined 33 eyes from 33 patients with diabetes mellitus who underwent a vitrectomy (eight patients in the non-PDR [NPDR] group and 25 in the PDR group). Serum creatinine levels and estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) were measured and classified according to the chronic kidney disease (CKD)-staging method. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was performed to quantify vitreous sRAGE and VEGF levels.


RESULTS
Vitreous sRAGE levels were significantly higher in PDR group compared to NPDR group (p = 0.00003). Vitreous sRAGE levels were significantly higher in patients with CKD stage 5 (end-stage renal failure or hemodialysis) than in patients with CKD stage 1 or 2 (p < 0.01) and 3 or 4 (p < 0.05), and were significantly correlated with eGFR (r = - 0.490, p = 0.007) and creatinine levels (r = 0.484, p = 0.006). Within the PDR group, patients with low (<27 pg/mL) sRAGE levels required repeat vitreous surgeries for early postoperative vitreous hemorrhage significantly more frequently than those with high (≥27 pg/mL) sRAGE levels (p = 0.0067).


CONCLUSIONS
Vitreous sRAGE levels were significantly correlated with renal function, and low vitreous sRAGE levels in patients with PDR were associated with postoperative vitreous hemorrhage. Vitreous sRAGE may be a useful biomarker for renal dysfunction associated with diabetic retinopathy.
Department of Ophthalmology, Diabetes Center, Tokyo Women's Medical University School of Medicine, 8-1 Kawada-cho, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, 162-8666, Japan. makikokumakawa@gmail.com.
Makiko
M
Katagiri
Division of Ophthalmology, Department of Visual Sciences, Nihon University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan.
Jun
J
Shoji
Department of Ophthalmology, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan.
Satoshi
S
Kato
Department of Ophthalmology, Diabetes Center, Tokyo Women's Medical University School of Medicine, 8-1 Kawada-cho, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, 162-8666, Japan.
Shigehiko
S
Kitano
Department of Medicine, Diabetes Center, Tokyo Women's Medical University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan.
Yasuko
Y
Uchigata
D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000378:metabolism; D003404:Creatinine / Q000032:analysis; D003930:Diabetic Retinopathy / Q000378:metabolism*; D005260:Female; D005919:Glomerular Filtration Rate; D006801:Humans; D007676:Kidney Failure, Chronic / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000503:physiopathology; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D000067759:Receptor for Advanced Glycation End Products / Q000378:metabolism*; D042461:Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A / Q000378:metabolism; D014822:Vitreous Body / Q000378:metabolism*
D015415:Biomarkers; D000067759:Receptor for Advanced Glycation End Products; D042461:Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A; D003404:Creatinine
Postoperative vitreous hemorrhage; Proliferative diabetic retinopathy; Renal function; Soluble receptor for advanced glycation end products; Vascular endothelial growth factor; Vitreous fluid