Sestrins: A New Kid for Stroke Treatment?
BACKGROUND
The sestrin family includes several conserved stress-induced proteins that contribute to the maintenance of homeostasis, DNA stability and cell viability in response to various types of injuries.


OBJECTIVE
It is well established that the protective functions of AMP-dependent protein kinase (AMPK) and/or mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) are regulated by sestrins. Additionally, it has been revealed that sestrins are able to protect cells from oxidative stress by scavenging reactive oxygen species (ROS).


METHODS
The essential involvement of sestrins in mTORC1 inhibition and ROS scavenging signaling pathways, which modulate metabolism homeostasis and regulate autophagy, indicates that sestrins may serve as a potential agent for cell growth, development, metabolism, and neurodegenerative disorders. However, the potential role of sestrins in stroke has not been discussed and summarized.


CONCLUSIONS
Based on the current understanding of sestrins, it is believed that sestrins are one of the potential endogenous protective molecules/mechanisms following cerebral stroke, which are associated with neuronal protection, neuroinflammation suppression, and blood brain barrier preservation.
Department of Anesthesiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China.|Departments of Anesthesiology and Basic Sciences, Loma Linda University School of Medicine, Loma Linda, CA, United States.
Xudan
X
Shi
Departments of Anesthesiology and Basic Sciences, Loma Linda University School of Medicine, Loma Linda, CA, United States.
Liang
L
Xu
Departments of Anesthesiology and Basic Sciences, Loma Linda University School of Medicine, Loma Linda, CA, United States.
Jay
J
Malagult
Departments of Anesthesiology and Basic Sciences, Loma Linda University School of Medicine, Loma Linda, CA, United States.
Jiping
J
Tang
Department of Anesthesiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China.
Min
M
Yan
Departments of Anesthesiology and Basic Sciences, Loma Linda University School of Medicine, Loma Linda, CA, United States.
John H
JH
Zhang
D055372:AMP-Activated Protein Kinases / Q000378:metabolism; D000818:Animals; D006360:Heat-Shock Proteins / Q000378:metabolism*; D006801:Humans; D009687:Nuclear Proteins / Q000378:metabolism*; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species / Q000378:metabolism; D015398:Signal Transduction / Q000502:physiology; D020521:Stroke / Q000378:metabolism*; D058570:TOR Serine-Threonine Kinases / Q000378:metabolism
D006360:Heat-Shock Proteins; D009687:Nuclear Proteins; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species; D058570:TOR Serine-Threonine Kinases; D055372:AMP-Activated Protein Kinases
AMP-dependent protein kinase; Sestrins; mammalian target of rapamycin; reactive oxygen species; redox