Use-patterns of personal care and household cleaning products in Switzerland.
Reliable consumer use data are needed to determine health risks posed by chemicals contained in household cleaning and personal care products. Essential information includes the amount of product applied, the frequency of use, and the site of application. To obtain such data, a survey was conducted in Switzerland to assess consumer usage patterns. The use-patterns of 12 household care products, 5 laundry products, and 22 personal care products were collected among the Swiss population (N = 759; ages 0-91) by postal questionnaire, providing for the first time in Europe comprehensive information regarding use of household cleaning and personal care products for the same study population. Apart from the investigation of use frequency, quantity, duration, and habits, also co-use analysis was performed separately for household and personal care products. Use-patterns are presented for both genders and all age groups, including children below the age of 12, who may be more vulnerable to adverse effects attributed to certain chemicals. Also, the currently missing use factors for cosmetic/baby wet wipes were assessed. Stratification of the data by gender, age and other socio-demographic factors, such as region affiliation, allowed us to identify differences between population sub-groups, emphasizing the need for region-specific exposure factors.
Institute for Chemical and Bioengineering, ETH Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland.
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Garcia-Hidalgo
Institute for Chemical and Bioengineering, ETH Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland. Electronic address: natalie.von.goetz@chem.ethz.ch.
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von Goetz
Institute for Environmental Decisions, ETH Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland.
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Siegrist
Institute for Chemical and Bioengineering, ETH Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland.
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Hungerbühler
D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D003257:Consumer Product Safety; D003358:Cosmetics / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D004781:Environmental Exposure / Q000032:analysis* / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D005260:Female; D006795:Household Products / Q000032:analysis*; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D018570:Risk Assessment; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D013557:Switzerland; D055815:Young Adult
D003358:Cosmetics
Amount; Co-use; Consumer product; Exposure factors; Use frequency