A possible regulatory link between Twist 1 and PPARγ gene regulation in 3T3-L1 adipocytes.
BACKGROUND
Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ (PPARγ) is a critical gene that regulates the function of adipocytes. Therefore, studies on the molecular regulation mechanism of PPARγ are important to understand the function of adipose tissue. Twist 1 is another important functional gene in adipose tissue, and hundreds of genes are regulated by Twist 1. The aim of this study was to investigate the regulation of Twist 1 and PPARγ expression in 3T3-L1 mature adipocytes.


METHODS
We induced differentiation in 3T3-L1 preadipocytes and examined alterations in Twist 1 and PPARγ expression. We used the PPARγ agonist pioglitazone and the PPARγ antagonist T0070907 to investigate the effect of PPARγ on Twist 1 expression. In addition, we utilized retroviral interference and overexpression of Twist 1 to determine the effects of Twist 1 on PPARγ expression.


RESULTS
The expression levels of Twist 1 and PPARγ were induced during differentiation in 3T3-L1 adipocytes. Application of either a PPARγ agonist (pioglitazone) or antagonist (T0070907) influenced Twist 1 expression, with up-regulation of Twist 1 under pioglitazone (1 μM, 24 h) and down-regulation of Twist 1 under T0070907 (100 μM, 24 h) exposure. Furthermore, the retroviral interference of Twist 1 decreased the protein and mRNA expression of PPARγ, while Twist 1 overexpression had the opposite effect.


CONCLUSIONS
There was a possible regulatory link between Twist 1 and PPARγ in 3T3-L1 mature adipocytes. This regulatory link enhanced the regulation of PPARγ and may be a functional mechanism of Twist 1 regulation of adipocyte physiology and pathology.
Department of Laboratory Medicine, Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, 250014, People's Republic of China.
Rui
R
Ren
Department of Laboratory Medicine, Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, 250014, People's Republic of China.
Zhufeng
Z
Chen
Department of Laboratory Medicine, Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, 250014, People's Republic of China.
Xia
X
Zhao
Department of Laboratory Medicine, Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, 250014, People's Republic of China.
Tao
T
Sun
Department of Endocrinology, Qingdao Municipal Hospital, Qingdao, 266071, People's Republic of China.
Yuchao
Y
Zhang
Department of Laboratory Medicine, Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, 250014, People's Republic of China.
Jie
J
Chen
Department of Laboratory Medicine, Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, 250014, People's Republic of China. lsmqianyi@126.com.
Sumei
S
Lu
Department of Laboratory Medicine, Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, 250014, People's Republic of China.
Wanshan
W
Ma
D041721:3T3-L1 Cells; D017667:Adipocytes / Q000187:drug effects; D050156:Adipogenesis / Q000187:drug effects / Q000235:genetics; D000273:Adipose Tissue / Q000254:growth & development*; D000818:Animals; D001549:Benzamides / Q000008:administration & dosage; D002454:Cell Differentiation / Q000187:drug effects; D005786:Gene Expression Regulation / Q000187:drug effects; D051379:Mice; D009687:Nuclear Proteins / Q000819:agonists / Q000096:biosynthesis* / Q000235:genetics; D047495:PPAR gamma / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000096:biosynthesis* / Q000235:genetics; D000077205:Pioglitazone; D011725:Pyridines / Q000008:administration & dosage; D045162:Thiazolidinediones / Q000008:administration & dosage; D051879:Twist-Related Protein 1 / Q000819:agonists / Q000096:biosynthesis* / Q000235:genetics
D001549:Benzamides; D009687:Nuclear Proteins; D047495:PPAR gamma; D011725:Pyridines; C458508:T 0070907; D045162:Thiazolidinediones; D051879:Twist-Related Protein 1; C067250:Twist1 protein, mouse; D000077205:Pioglitazone
Adipose tissue; Gene regulation; PPAR γ; Twist 1