Pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics study of rhein treating renal fibrosis based on metabonomics approach.
BACKGROUND
The selection of effect indicators in the pharmacokinetic/ pharmacodynamic study of complex diseases to describe the relationship between plasma concentration and effect indicators is difficult.


OBJECTIVE
Three effect indicators of renal fibrosis were successfully determined. The relationship between pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of rhein in rhubarb was elucidated.


METHODS
The study was a metabolomics analysis of rat plasma and pharmacokinetics/ pharmacodynamics of rhein.


METHODS
A sensitive and simple ultra performance liquid chromatography-tandem triple quadrupole mass spectrometry (UPLC-MS/MS) method was applied to determine the rhein plasma concentration in the rat model of renal fibrosis and rat sham-operated group after the administration of rhubarb decoction. Then, the ultra performance liquid chromatography-Micromass quadrupole-time of flight mass spectrometry (UPLC-QTOF/MS) metabolomics method was used to screen biomarkers of renal fibrosis in rat plasma. Furthermore, the relationship between the plasma concentration of rhein and the concentration of three biomarkers directly related to renal fibrosis were analyzed.


RESULTS
The three screened biomarkers could represent the effect of rhein treatment on renal fibrosis. Increasing the plasma concentration of rhein tended to restore the concentration of the three biomarkers in the model group compared with that in the sham-operated group. Evident differences in the area under the plasma concentration-time curve (AUC) of rhein were also observed under different pathological states. The results provide valuable information for the clinical application of rhubarb.


CONCLUSIONS
Rhein intervention could recover the physiological balance in living organisms from the pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic levels. New information on the pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic study of complex diseases is provided.
School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325035, China.
Hao
H
Sun
School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325035, China.
Guangwen
G
Luo
School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325035, China. Electronic address: XZH0077@126.com.
Zheng
Z
Xiang
School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325035, China.
Xiaojun
X
Cai
School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325035, China.
Dahui
D
Chen
D000818:Animals; D000880:Anthraquinones / Q000493:pharmacokinetics*; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000097:blood; D002853:Chromatography, Liquid / Q000379:methods; D005355:Fibrosis / Q000188:drug therapy; D007674:Kidney Diseases / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology*; D008297:Male; D055432:Metabolomics / Q000379:methods; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D012250:Rheum / Q000737:chemistry*; D053719:Tandem Mass Spectrometry
D000880:Anthraquinones; D015415:Biomarkers; C020491:rhein
Metabolomics; Pharmacodynamic; Pharmacokinetic; Rhein; Rhubarb