Efficacy and mechanism of mandibular advancement devices for persistent sleep apnea after surgery: a prospective study.
BACKGROUND
To explore the feasibility, the efficacy, and the mechanism of mandibular advancement devices (MAD) in the treatment of persistent sleep apnea after surgery.


METHODS
Nineteen patients who failed uvulopalatopharyngoplasty (UPPP) or UPPP plus genioglossus advancement and hyoid myotomy (GAHM) were given a non-adjustable MAD for treatment. All patients had polysomnography (PSG) at least 6 months post-UPPP with and without the MAD. Seventeen patients had computed tomography (CT) examinations.


RESULTS
After the application of MAD, the apnea hypopnea index (AHI) decreased significantly from 41.2 ± 13.1/h to 10.1 ± 5.6/h in the responder group. The response rate was 57.9 % (11/19). During sleep apnea/hypopnea acquired from sedated sleep, the cross-sectional area and anterior-posterior and lateral diameters of the velopharynx enlarged significantly from 4.2 ± 6.0 mm2to 17.5 ± 15.3 mm2, 1.9 ± 2.3 mm to 6.5 ± 4.1 mm, and 1.1 ± 1.3 mm to 2.6 ± 2.1 mm, respectively (P < 0.01) in the responder group with MAD. The velopharyngeal collapsibility also decreased significantly from 83.3 ± 21.8 % to 46.5 ± 27.1 %. The glossopharyngeal collapsibility decreased from 39.8 ± 39.1 % to -22.9 ± 73.2 % (P < 0.05).


CONCLUSIONS
MAD can be an effective alternative treatment for patients with moderate and severe OSAHS after surgery. The principal mechanisms underlying the effect of MAD are expansion of the lateral diameter of the velopharynx, the enlargement of the velopharyngeal area, the reduction of velopharyngeal and glossopharyngeal collapsibility, and the stabilization of the upper airway.
Department of Otolaryngology, the Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital of Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China.
Huiping
H
Luo
Department of Otolaryngology, the Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital of Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China.
Xulan
X
Tang
Department of Otolaryngology, the Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital of Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China.
Yuanping
Y
Xiong
Department of Otolaryngology, the Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital of Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China.
Lili
L
Meng
Department of Otolaryngology, the Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital of Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China. yihongl@126.com.
Hongliang
H
Yi
Department of Otolaryngology, the Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital of Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China.
Shankai
S
Yin
D000328:Adult; D005240:Feasibility Studies; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D019186:Mandibular Advancement / Q000379:methods*; D008875:Middle Aged; D017286:Polysomnography; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012891:Sleep Apnea Syndromes / Q000601:surgery*; D014057:Tomography, X-Ray Computed; D017211:Treatment Failure; D016896:Treatment Outcome
Computed tomography; Mandibular advancement devices; Persistent sleep apnea; Upper Airway; Uvulopalatopharyngoplasty