Headache, low back pain, other nociceptive and mixed pain conditions in neurorehabilitation. Evidence and recommendations from the Italian Consensus Conference on Pain in Neurorehabilitation.
Pain is a disabling symptom and is often the foremost symptom of conditions for which patients undergo neurorehabilitation. We systematically searched the PubMed and Embase electronic databases for current evidence on the frequency, evolution, predictors, assessment, and pharmacological and non-pharmacological treatment of pain in patients with headache, craniofacial pain, low back pain, failed back surgery syndrome, osteoarticular pain, myofascial pain syndrome, fibromyalgia, and chronic pelvic pain. Despite the heterogeneity of published data, consensus was reached on pain assessment and management of patients with these conditions and on the utility of a multidisciplinary approach to pain therapy that combines the benefits of pharmacological therapy, physiotherapy, neurorehabilitation, and psychotherapy. We of the Italian Consensus Conference on Pain in Neurorehabilitation (ICCPN) suggest a need to conduct randomized controlled trials on the efficacy of pain treatments and their risk-benefit profile for the conditions we have reviewed.
Neuromotor and Cognitive Rehabilitation Research Center, Department of Neurosciences, Biomedicine and Movement Sciences, University of Verona, Verona, Italy - alessandro.picelli@univr.it.
Alessandro
A
Picelli
IRCCS Santa Lucia Foundation, Rome, Italy.
Maria G
MG
Buzzi
Health Sciences Department, University of Piemonte Orientale, Novara, Italy.
Carlo
C
Cisari
Neuromotor and Cognitive Rehabilitation Research Center, Department of Neurosciences, Biomedicine and Movement Sciences, University of Verona, Verona, Italy.
Marialuisa
M
Gandolfi
Urology Section, Policlinico San Matteo Foundation IRCCS, Pavia, Italy.
Daniele
D
Porru
Neuromotor and Cognitive Rehabilitation Research Center, Department of Neurosciences, Biomedicine and Movement Sciences, University of Verona, Verona, Italy.
Silvia
S
Bonadiman
Neuromotor and Cognitive Rehabilitation Research Center, Department of Neurosciences, Biomedicine and Movement Sciences, University of Verona, Verona, Italy.
Annalisa
A
Brugnera
Neurourology Department, Città della Salute e della Scienza di Torino, Turin, Italy.
Roberto
R
Carone
Pain Therapy Hub Center of Regione Lazio, Sapienza University, Policlinico Umberto I, Rome, Italy.
Rosanna
R
Cerbo
Section of Clinical Neurophysiology and Neurorehabilitation, San Raffaele Hospital, Milan, Italy.
Ubaldo
U
Del Carro
Department of Physical and Mental Health, Second University of Naples, Naples, Italy.
Raffaele
R
Gimigliano
Health Sciences Department, University of Piemonte Orientale, Novara, Italy.
Marco
M
Invernizzi
Palliative Care and Pain Therapy Unit, Salvatore Maugeri Foundation IRCCS, Scientific Institute of Pavia, Pavia, Italy.
Danilo
D
Miotti
University of Pavia, IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo, Pavia, Italy.
Rossella
R
Nappi
Department of Clinical and Experimental Sciences, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy.|IRCCS Don Gnocchi ONLUS, Italian Scientific Spine Institute, Milan, Italy.
Stefano
S
Negrini
Department of Surgery, University of Verona, Verona, Italy.
Vittorio
V
Schweiger
C. Mondino National Neurological Institute, Pavia, Italy.|Department of Brain and Behavioral Sciences, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy.
Cristina
C
Tassorelli
Neurology Section, Department of Neurosciences, Biomedicine and Movement Sciences, University of Verona, Verona, Italy.
Stefano
S
Tamburin
D003131:Combined Modality Therapy; D019317:Evidence-Based Medicine; D006261:Headache / Q000534:rehabilitation*; D006801:Humans; D007558:Italy; D017116:Low Back Pain / Q000534:rehabilitation*; D000066530:Neurological Rehabilitation / Q000379:methods*; D059226:Nociceptive Pain / Q000534:rehabilitation*; D017063:Outcome Assessment, Health Care; D059408:Pain Management / Q000379:methods*; D010147:Pain Measurement; D057170:Translational Research, Biomedical