Protective effects of dieckol on N-nitrosodiethylamine induced hepatocarcinogenesis in rats.
Dieckol (DEK) is a naturally occuring phlorotannins found in marine brown algae Ecklonia cava which is attributed with various pharmacological properties. This study was aimed to investigate the protective role of DEK on N-Nitrosdiethylamine (NDEA) induced rat hepatocarcinogenesis. In this investigation 0.01% NDEA in drinking water for 15 weeks to induce hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). DEK was administered orally (10, 20 and 40mg/kg body weight) for 15 weeks with 0.01% NDEA through drinking water. Hepatocarcinogesis was measured by the increased activities of serum liver marker enzymes namely aspartate trasaminase (AST), alanine transaminase (ALT), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), gamma glutamyl transferase (GGT), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), α-fetoprotein (AFP) and total bilirubin along with increased elevation of cytochrome p450, lipid peroxidation markers, thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS), lipid hydroperoxides (HP), protein carbonyl content (PCC) and conjugated dienes (CD). The effect of NDEA was indicated by significant decreased activities of enzymatic antioxidants like superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), glutathione peroxidase (GPx), glutathione-S-transferase (GST), glutathione reductase (GR) and non-enzymatic antioxidants like reduced glutathione, vitamin C and vitamin E. The oral administration of DEK at a dose of 40mg/kg body weight significantly reversed the activities of hepatic marker enzymes, dercreased lipid peroxidative markers, increased antioxidant cascade and decreased NDEA concentration in liver. DEK at a dose of 40mg/kg body weight was highly effective when compared to other two doses (10 and 20mg/kg body weight). All these changes were accompanied by histopathological observations in liver. The obtained results clearly demonstrated that DEK prevents lipid peroxidation, hepatic cell damage and promote the enzymatic and non-enzymatic antioxidant defense system in NDEA-induced hepatocarcinogenesis which might be due to activities like scavenging of oxy radicals by Dieckol.
Centre of Advanced Study in Marine Biology, Faculty of Marine Sciences, Annamalai University, Tamil Nadu 608 502, India. Electronic address: sentbiot@gmail.com.
Velayutham
V
Sadeeshkumar
Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Faculty of Science, Annamalai University, Tamil Nadu 608 502, India; Department of Neurosciences, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta T2N 4N1, Canada.
Arul
A
Duraikannu
Centre of Advanced Study in Marine Biology, Faculty of Marine Sciences, Annamalai University, Tamil Nadu 608 502, India.
Samuthrapandian
S
Ravichandran
Centre of Advanced Study in Marine Biology, Faculty of Marine Sciences, Annamalai University, Tamil Nadu 608 502, India.
Wilson Sylvester
WS
Fredrick
Department of Biotechnology, Theni College of Arts & Science, Veerapandi, Tamil Nadu 608 502, India.
Ramar
R
Sivaperumal
Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Annamalai University, Tamil Nadu 608 502, India.
Paulrasu
P
Kodisundaram
D000818:Animals; D016588:Anticarcinogenic Agents / Q000494:pharmacology*; D000975:Antioxidants / Q000494:pharmacology*; D001572:Benzofurans / Q000494:pharmacology*; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000378:metabolism; D006528:Carcinoma, Hepatocellular / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000201:enzymology / Q000473:pathology / Q000517:prevention & control*; D002471:Cell Transformation, Neoplastic / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D004052:Diethylnitrosamine; D015227:Lipid Peroxidation / Q000187:drug effects; D008099:Liver / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000201:enzymology / Q000473:pathology; D008111:Liver Function Tests; D008114:Liver Neoplasms, Experimental / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000201:enzymology / Q000473:pathology / Q000517:prevention & control*; D008297:Male; D018384:Oxidative Stress / Q000187:drug effects; D050050:Protein Carbonylation / Q000187:drug effects; D017208:Rats, Wistar
D016588:Anticarcinogenic Agents; D000975:Antioxidants; D001572:Benzofurans; D015415:Biomarkers; C503840:dieckol; D004052:Diethylnitrosamine
Antioxidants; Dieckol; Hepatocarcinogenesis; Lipid peroxidation; N-Nitrosodiethylamine