Ambient PM2.5 Exposure and Mortality Due to Lung Cancer and Cardiopulmonary Diseases in Polish Cities.
Air pollution, one of ten most important causes of premature mortality worldwide, remains a major issue also in the EU, with more than 400,000 premature deaths due to exposure to PM2.5reported yearly. The issue is particularly significant in Poland, where there is the highest concentration of PM2.5among the UE countries. This study focused on the proportion of mortality due to lung cancer and cardiopulmonary diseases attributable to PM2.5in eleven biggest Polish cities in the years 2006-2011. The findings demonstrate that the mean annual concentration of PM2.5varied from 14.3 to 52.5 μg/m3. The average population attributable fractions varied from 0.195 to 0.413 in case of lung cancer and from 0.130 to 0.291 for cardiopulmonary diseases. Such substantial values of this ratio translate into a considerable number of deaths, which ranged between 9.6 and 22.8 cases for lung cancer and 48.6 to 136.6 cases for cardiopulmonary diseases per 100,000 inhabitants. We conclude that the impact of PM2.5concentration on the incidence of premature deaths is unduly high in Polish cities.
Faculty of Environmental Engineering, Warsaw University of Technology, 20 Nowowiejska Street, 00-653, Warsaw, Poland. artur.badyda@is.pw.edu.pl.|Central Clinical Hospital of the Ministry of National Defense, Military Institute of Medicine, 128 Szaserów Street, 04-141, Warsaw, Poland. artur.badyda@is.pw.edu.pl.
Artur J
AJ
Badyda
Center for Research in Environmental Epidemiology, Parc de Recerca Biomèdica de Barcelona, 88 Doctor Aiguader Street, 08003, Barcelona, Spain.|Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Imperial College, London, UK.
James
J
Grellier
Central Clinical Hospital of the Ministry of National Defense, Military Institute of Medicine, 128 Szaserów Street, 04-141, Warsaw, Poland.|Polish Federation of Asthma, Allergy and COPD Patients' Associations, 23/102 Łabiszyńska Street, 03-204, Warsaw, Poland.
Piotr
P
Dąbrowiecki
D000393:Air Pollutants / Q000009:adverse effects*; D000397:Air Pollution / Q000009:adverse effects; D002318:Cardiovascular Diseases / Q000401:mortality*; D002947:Cities; D004781:Environmental Exposure / Q000009:adverse effects; D006801:Humans; D008175:Lung Neoplasms / Q000401:mortality*; D052638:Particulate Matter / Q000009:adverse effects*; D011044:Poland; D012140:Respiratory Tract Diseases / Q000401:mortality*
D000393:Air Pollutants; D052638:Particulate Matter
Air pollution; Cardiopulmonary disease; City; Lung cancer; Particulate matter; Pollutant concentration; Population attributable fraction; Premature death