Visualization of Aspergillus fumigatus biofilms with Scanning Electron Microscopy and Variable Pressure-Scanning Electron Microscopy: A comparison of processing techniques.
Aspergillus fumigatus biofilms consist of a three-dimensional network of cellular hyphae and extracellular matrix. They are involved in infections of immune-compromised individuals, particularly those with cystic fibrosis. These structures are associated with persistence of infection, resistance to host immunity, and antimicrobial resistance. Thorough understanding of structure and function is imperative in the design of therapeutic drugs. Optimization of processing parameters, including aldehyde fixation, heavy metal contrasting, drying techniques and Ionic Liquid treatment, was undertaken for an ultrastructural approach to understand cellular and extracellular biofilm components. Conventional and Variable Pressure Scanning Electron Microscopy were applied to analyze the structure of biofilms attached to plastic and formed at an air-liquid interface.
Cell Sciences Imaging Facility, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA. Electronic address: lydiaj@stanford.edu.
Lydia-Marie
LM
Joubert
Division of Infectious Diseases and Geographic Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA; California Institute for Medical Research, San Jose, CA, USA.
Jose Ag
JA
Ferreira
Division of Infectious Diseases and Geographic Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA; California Institute for Medical Research, San Jose, CA, USA.
David A
DA
Stevens
Division of Infectious Diseases and Geographic Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA; California Institute for Medical Research, San Jose, CA, USA.
Hasan
H
Nazik
Department of Chemistry, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA.
Lynette
L
Cegelski
D001232:Aspergillus fumigatus / Q000648:ultrastructure*; D018441:Biofilms; D003550:Cystic Fibrosis / Q000382:microbiology; D004352:Drug Resistance, Microbial; D005109:Extracellular Matrix / Q000648:ultrastructure; D054884:Host-Pathogen Interactions / Q000276:immunology; D006801:Humans; D025301:Hyphae / Q000648:ultrastructure; D008855:Microscopy, Electron, Scanning; D011312:Pressure
Aspergillus fumigatus; Biofilms; Processing techniques; Scanning Electron Microscopy; Variable Pressure-SEM