Matrix Metalloproteinase (MMP)-9 Levels in Children on Hemodialysis: Association with MMP-9 C-1562T Gene Polymorphism and Vitamin D Levels.
OBJECTIVE
Data concerning the concentration of matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9) and its functional polymorphisms in chronic kidney diseases (CKD) are conflicting. The present study aimed to evaluate the levels of MMP-9in children with end stage renal diseases (ESRD) on hemodialysis (HD) and to explore its association with MMP-9 polymorphism and vitamin D levels as an important risk factors for cardiovascular diseases (CVD).


METHODS
We studied 55 children with ESRD on hemodialysis and 18 healthy children served as controls. MMP-9 and vitamin D levels were measured by ELISA in serum of all patients and controls. Genotypes for MMP-9 polymorphism(C-1562T) were determined by RFLP for only 28 of the patients and all the controls.


RESULTS
There were insignificantly reduced MMP-9levels of patients vs. controls, however, there was significant increase in MMP-9 levels associated with CC genotypes for(C-1562T) polymorphism compared with CT genotype (p=0.01). We found that at MMP-9 base position-1562, the frequencies of the genotypes CC and CT in Children on HD were 71.4% and 28.6% respectively while all our controls were of the CC genotype. The alleles frequencies of C and T in patients were 85.7% and 14.29% as compared to 100% and 0%, respectively in the controls. Significant decrease in vitamin D was observed in children on HD versus that in controls (p=0.008). Serum MMP9 levels and age were variables that were independently associated with CVD.


CONCLUSIONS
MMP9 genetic polymorphism (C-1562T) affects MMP9alterations in ESRD children on HD and vitamin D deficiency is common in our HD pediatric patients who require attention in accordance with current practice guidelines. They probably require supplementation with higher doses of cholecalciferol.
Department of Pediatric, National Research Centre, Cairo, Egypt.
Ashraf
A
Galal
Department of Pediatric, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt.
Fatina I
FI
Fadel
Department of Pediatric, National Research Centre, Cairo, Egypt.
Enas
E
Mokhtar
Department of Pediatric, National Research Centre, Cairo, Egypt.
Manal F
MF
Elshamaa
Department of Clinical Pathology, National Research Centre, Cairo, Egypt.
Eman A
EA
Elghoroury
Department of Clinical Pathology, National Research Centre, Cairo, Egypt.
Solaf
S
Kamel
Department of Medical Biochemistry, National Research Centre, Cairo, Egypt.
Gamila S M
GS
Elsaeed
Department of Clinical Pathology, National Research Centre, Cairo, Egypt.
Eman H
EH
Thabet
Children; ESRD; Hemodialysis; MMP9; MMP9gene polymorphism; Vitamin D