Differential Effects between Cigarette Total Particulate Matter and Cigarette Smoke Extract on Blood and Blood Vessel.
The generation and collection of cigarette smoke (CS) is a prerequisite for any toxicology study on smoking, especially anin vitroCS exposure study. In this study, the effects on blood and vascular function were tested with two widely used CS preparations to compare the biological effects of CS with respect to the CS preparation used. CS was prepared in the form of total particulate matter (TPM), which is CS trapped in a Cambridge filter pad, and cigarette smoke extract (CSE), which is CS trapped in phosphate-buffered saline. TPM potentiated platelet reactivity to thrombin and thus increased aggregation at a concentration of 25~100 μg/mL, whereas 2.5~10% CSE decreased platelet aggregation by thrombin. Both TPM and CSE inhibited vascular contraction by phenylephrine at 50~100 μg/mL and 10%, respectively. TPM inhibited acetylcholine-induced vasorelaxation at 10~100 μg/mL, but CSE exhibited a minimal effect on relaxation at the concentration that affects vasoconstriction. Neither TPM nor CSE induced hemolysis of erythrocytes or influenced plasma coagulation, as assessed by prothrombin time (PT) and activated partial thromboplastin time (aPTT). Taken together, CS affects platelet activity and deteriorates vasomotor functionsin vitro. However, the effect on blood and blood vessels may vary depending on the CS preparation. Therefore, the results of experiments conducted with CS preparations should be interpreted with caution.
College of Pharmacy, Dongguk University, Goyang, Korea.
Jung-Min
JM
Park
College of Pharmacy, Dongguk University, Goyang, Korea.
Kyung-Hwa
KH
Chang
College of Pharmacy, Dongguk University, Goyang, Korea.
Kwang-Hoon
KH
Park
Inhalation Toxicology Research Center, Korea Institute of Toxicology, Jeongeup, Korea.
Seong-Jin
SJ
Choi
Inhalation Toxicology Research Center, Korea Institute of Toxicology, Jeongeup, Korea.
Kyuhong
K
Lee
Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Health Sciences, School of Pharmacy, Aichi Gakuin University, Nagoya, Japan.
Jin-Yong
JY
Lee
Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Health Sciences, School of Pharmacy, Aichi Gakuin University, Nagoya, Japan.
Masahiko
M
Satoh
Department of Public Health Science, Graduate School, Korea University, Seoul, Korea.
Seong-Yu
SY
Song
College of Pharmacy, Dongguk University, Goyang, Korea.
Moo-Yeol
MY
Lee
Cardiovascular toxicity; Cigarette; Cigarette smoke extract (CSE); Smoking; Total particulate matter (TPM)