The morphometric anatomy of the delto-fulcral triangle: A 3D CT-based reconstruction study.
This study introduced the new delto-fulcral triangle (DFT), the first anatomical model of its kind. As seen from the orthopaedician's supraspinatus-outlet view, the antero-superior point of the coracoid process along with the lateral- and posterior-most acromial landmarks form the boundaries of the DFT. Since these osseous scapular landmarks accounted for both dynamic and static stabilisers of the glenohumeral joint, knowledge of the anatomical features of the DFT may prove beneficial to the orthopaedic surgeon. This study thus aimed to investigate the morphometry of the new DFT. The bony surfaces of one-hundred and sixty-nine (n= 169) normal and pathological (Omarthrosis and Cuff-Tear Arthropathy) shoulders from the hospital's CT scan database were reconstructed (Mimics®: Materialise, Leuven, Belgium). Statistical significance was observed between all three groups for Side 2 (LACPF: distance between most lateral and most posterior points of the acromion) and angles α (angle between sides 1 and 3) and β (angle between sides 1 and 2) of the DFT. It was postulated that although pathological cases present with a smaller lateral acromial distance (LACPF), their lateral acromion landmark is more posteriorly placed from the scapular plane than that of a normal case. As the aspects of the morphometric anatomy of the DFT presented with levels of statistical significance, it may provide a means to evaluate the anatomy of normal and pathological cases. Additionally, the three osseous scapular landmarks that create the DFT are clearly visualised and palpable, therefore they are easily reproducible from both X-ray images and CT scans.
Department of Clinical Anatomy, School of Laboratory Medicine and Medical Sciences, College of Health Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa.
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Naidoo
Department of Clinical Anatomy, School of Laboratory Medicine and Medical Sciences, College of Health Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa.
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Lazarus
Department of Clinical Anatomy, School of Laboratory Medicine and Medical Sciences, College of Health Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa.
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Satyapal
Department of Physical Medicine and Orthopaedic Surgery, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium.
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De Wilde
Department of Physical Medicine and Orthopaedic Surgery, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium.
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Van Tongel
Delto-fulcral triangle; Morphometric anatomy; Normal; Pathological; Supraspinatus outlet