Domain Structure of the Dnmt1, Dnmt3a, and Dnmt3b DNA Methyltransferases.
In mammals, three DNA methyltransferases, Dnmt1, Dnmt3a, and Dnmt3b, have been identified. Dnmt3a and Dnmt3b are responsible for establishing DNA methylation patterns produced through their de novo-type DNA methylation activity in implantation stage embryos and during germ cell differentiation. Dnmt3-like (Dnmt3l), which is a member of the Dnmt3 family but does not possess DNA methylation activity, was reported to be indispensable for global methylation in germ cells. Once the DNA methylation patterns are established, maintenance-type DNA methyltransferase Dnmt1 faithfully propagates them to the next generation via replication. All Dnmts possess multiple domains, and in this chapter, the structures and functions of these domains are described.
Laboratory of Epigenetics, Institute for Protein Research, Osaka University, 3-2 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan. tajima@protein.osaka-u.ac.jp.
Shoji
S
Tajima
Laboratory of Epigenetics, Institute for Protein Research, Osaka University, 3-2 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan.|CREST/AMED, 1-7-1 Otemachi, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo, 100-0004, Japan.
Isao
I
Suetake
Laboratory of Supramolecular Crystallography, Institute for Protein Research, Osaka University, 3-2 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan.|PRESTO/JST, Saitama, 332-0012, Japan.
Kohei
K
Takeshita
Laboratory of Supramolecular Crystallography, Institute for Protein Research, Osaka University, 3-2 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan.
Atsushi
A
Nakagawa
Laboratory of Epigenetics, Institute for Protein Research, Osaka University, 3-2 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan.
Hironobu
H
Kimura
D000818:Animals; D004247:DNA / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D000076123:DNA (Cytosine-5-)-Methyltransferase 1; D004248:DNA (Cytosine-5-)-Methyltransferases / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000235:genetics; D019175:DNA Methylation / Q000235:genetics*; D000090205:DNA Methyltransferase 3A; D010064:Embryo Implantation / Q000235:genetics; D006801:Humans; D051379:Mice; D000072417:Protein Domains / Q000235:genetics*; D017433:Protein Structure, Secondary; D000097584:DNA Methyltransferase 3B
D004247:DNA; D000076123:DNA (Cytosine-5-)-Methyltransferase 1; D004248:DNA (Cytosine-5-)-Methyltransferases; D000090205:DNA Methyltransferase 3A; D000097584:DNA Methyltransferase 3B; C000717967:DNMT3A protein, human; C000715535:Dnmt3a protein, mouse; C000619380:DNMT1 protein, human; C000619381:Dnmt1 protein, mouse