Combination of grape extract-silver nanoparticles and liposomes: A totally green approach.
In the present work, silver nanoparticles were prepared using a totally green procedure combining silver nitrate and an extract of grape pomace as a green source. Additionally, nanoparticles were stabilized using phospholipid and water and/or a mixture of water and propylene glycol (PG). To the best of our knowledge, grape-silver nanoparticle stabilized liposomes or PG-liposomes were formulated, for the first time, combining the residual products of wine-made industry, silver nitrate and phospholipids, avoiding the addition of hazardous substances to human health and the environment, in an easy, scalable and reproducible method. The structure and morphology of grape-silver nanoparticle stabilized vesicles were evaluated by transmission electron microscopy (TEM), UV-vis spectroscopy and photon correlation spectroscopy. Samples were designed as possible carrier for skin protection because of their double function: the grape extract acts as antioxidant and the colloidal silver as antimicrobial agent, which might be helpful in eliminating dangerous free radicals and many pathogenic microorganisms. Obtained nanoparticles were small in size and their combination with phospholipids did not hamper the vesicle formation, which were multilamellar and sized ~100nm. TEM images shows a heterogeneous distribution of nanoparticles, which were located both in the intervesicular medium and in the vesicular structure. Further, grape-silver nanoparticles, when stabilized by liposomes, were able to inhibit the proliferation of both Staphylococcus aureus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa and provided a great protection of keratinocytes and fibroblasts against oxidative stress avoiding their damage and death.
Dipartimento Scienze della Vita e dell'Ambiente, Università di Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy.
Ines
I
Castangia
Dipartimento Scienze della Vita e dell'Ambiente, Università di Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy.
Francesca
F
Marongiu
Dipartimento Scienze della Vita e dell'Ambiente, Università di Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy.
Maria Letizia
ML
Manca
Dipartimento Scienze Biomediche, Università di Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy.
Raffaello
R
Pompei
Dipartimento Scienze Biomediche, Università di Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy.
Fabrizio
F
Angius
Dipartimento Scienze Chimiche e Geologiche, Università di Cagliari e Unità di Ricerca INSTM di Cagliari - Cittadella Universitaria di Monserrato, 09042, Monserrato, (CA), Italy; Consorzio AUSI, Palazzo Bellavista Monteponi, Iglesias, Carbonia-Iglesias, Italy.
Andrea
A
Ardu
Dipartimento Scienze della Vita e dell'Ambiente, Università di Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy.
Anna Maria
AM
Fadda
Dipartimento Scienze della Vita e dell'Ambiente, Università di Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy. Electronic address: manconi@unica.it.
Maria
M
Manconi
Dipartimento Scienze Chimiche e Geologiche, Università di Cagliari e Unità di Ricerca INSTM di Cagliari - Cittadella Universitaria di Monserrato, 09042, Monserrato, (CA), Italy.
Guido
G
Ennas
D016475:3T3 Cells; D000818:Animals; D002470:Cell Survival / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology; D004338:Drug Combinations; D055772:Green Chemistry Technology / Q000379:methods*; D006801:Humans; D008081:Liposomes; D053768:Metal Nanoparticles / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000737:chemistry*; D051379:Mice; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000302:isolation & purification; D011550:Pseudomonas aeruginosa / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology; D012835:Silver Nitrate / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000737:chemistry*; D013211:Staphylococcus aureus / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology; D027843:Vitis
D004338:Drug Combinations; D008081:Liposomes; D010936:Plant Extracts; D012835:Silver Nitrate
Fibroblasts; Grapes pomace; Keratinocytes; Oxidative stress; Phospholipids vesicles; Staphylococcus aureus