Chemical Characterization and Antioxidant, Antimicrobial, and Anti-Inflammatory Activities of South Brazilian Organic Propolis.
South Brazilian organic propolis (OP), which has never been studied before, was assessed and its chemical composition, scavenging potential of reactive oxygen species, antimicrobial and anti-inflammatory activities are herein presented. Based on the chemical profile obtained using HPLC, OP was grouped into seven variants (OP1-OP7) and all of them exhibited high scavenging activity, mainly against superoxide and hypochlorous acid species. OP1, OP2, and OP3 had the smallest minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) against Gram-positive bacteria Streptococcus mutans, Streptococcus oralis, and Streptococcus aureus (12.5-100 μg/mL). OP1, OP2, OP3, and OP4 were more effective against Pseudomonas aeruginosa (Gram-negative), with MIC values ranging from 100 to 200 μg/mL. OP6 showed anti-inflammatory activity by decreasing NF-kB activation and TNF-α release in RAW 264.7 macrophages, and expressing the NF-κB-luciferase reporter stable gene. Therefore, south Brazilian OP can be considered an excellent source of bioactive compounds with great potential of application in the pharmaceutical and food industry.
Department of Agri-Food Industry, Food and Nutrition, "Luiz de Queiroz" College of Agriculture, University of São Paulo (USP), Avenida Pádua Dias, 11, 13418-900, Piracicaba, SP, Brazil.
Ana Paula
AP
Tiveron
Department of Physiological Sciences, Piracicaba Dental School, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Av. Limeira, 901, CP 52, 13414-903, Piracicaba, SP, Brazil.
Pedro Luiz
PL
Rosalen
Department of Physiological Sciences, Piracicaba Dental School, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Av. Limeira, 901, CP 52, 13414-903, Piracicaba, SP, Brazil.
Marcelo
M
Franchin
Department of Agri-Food Industry, Food and Nutrition, "Luiz de Queiroz" College of Agriculture, University of São Paulo (USP), Avenida Pádua Dias, 11, 13418-900, Piracicaba, SP, Brazil.
Risia Cristina Coelho
RC
Lacerda
Department of Physiological Sciences, Piracicaba Dental School, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Av. Limeira, 901, CP 52, 13414-903, Piracicaba, SP, Brazil.
Bruno
B
Bueno-Silva
Department of Physiological Sciences, Piracicaba Dental School, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Av. Limeira, 901, CP 52, 13414-903, Piracicaba, SP, Brazil.
Bruna
B
Benso
Department of Physiological Sciences, Piracicaba Dental School, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Av. Limeira, 901, CP 52, 13414-903, Piracicaba, SP, Brazil.
Carina
C
Denny
School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Federal University of Alfenas, Rua Gabriel Monteiro da Silva, 714, Centro, 37130-000, Alfenas, MG, Brazil.
Masaharu
M
Ikegaki
Department of Agri-Food Industry, Food and Nutrition, "Luiz de Queiroz" College of Agriculture, University of São Paulo (USP), Avenida Pádua Dias, 11, 13418-900, Piracicaba, SP, Brazil.
Severino Matias de
SM
Alencar
D000818:Animals; D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology*; D000893:Anti-Inflammatory Agents / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology*; D016166:Free Radical Scavengers / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology*; D006801:Humans; D051379:Mice; D016328:NF-kappa B / Q000276:immunology; D011429:Propolis / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology*; D011552:Pseudomonas Infections / Q000188:drug therapy; D011550:Pseudomonas aeruginosa / Q000187:drug effects; D000067996:RAW 264.7 Cells; D013290:Streptococcal Infections / Q000188:drug therapy; D013291:Streptococcus / Q000187:drug effects; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000276:immunology
D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents; D000893:Anti-Inflammatory Agents; D016166:Free Radical Scavengers; D016328:NF-kappa B; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha; D011429:Propolis