Evaluating the implementation of a national disclosure policy for large-scale adverse events in an integrated health care system: identification of gaps and successes.
Many healthcare organizations have developed disclosure policies for large-scale adverse events, including the Veterans Health Administration (VA). This study evaluated VA's national large-scale disclosure policy and identifies gaps and successes in its implementation.



Semi-structured qualitative interviews were conducted with leaders, hospital employees, and patients at nine sites to elicit their perceptions of recent large-scale adverse events notifications and the national disclosure policy. Data were coded using the constructs of the Consolidated Framework for Implementation Research (CFIR).



We conducted 97 interviews. Insights included how to handle the communication of large-scale disclosures through multiple levels of a large healthcare organization and manage ongoing communications about the event with employees. Of the 5 CFIR constructs and 26 sub-constructs assessed, seven were prominent in interviews. Leaders and employees specifically mentioned key problem areas involving 1) networks and communications during disclosure, 2) organizational culture, 3) engagement of external change agents during disclosure, and 4) a need for reflecting on and evaluating the policy implementation and disclosure itself. Patients shared 5) preferences for personal outreach by phone in place of the current use of certified letters. All interviewees discussed 6) issues with execution and 7) costs of the disclosure.



CFIR analysis reveals key problem areas that need to be addresses during disclosure, including: timely communication patterns throughout the organization, establishing a supportive culture prior to implementation, using patient-approved, effective communications strategies during disclosures; providing follow-up support for employees and patients, and sharing lessons learned.
Center for Healthcare Organization and Implementation Research, Edith Nourse Rogers Memorial Veterans Hospital, Bedford, MA, USA. Elizabeth.maguire@va.gov.|Center for Healthcare Organization and Implementation Research, 200 Springs Road (Mailstop152), Bedford, 01730, MA, USA. Elizabeth.maguire@va.gov.
Elizabeth M
EM
Maguire
Center for Healthcare Organization and Implementation Research, Edith Nourse Rogers Memorial Veterans Hospital, Bedford, MA, USA.|Department of Health Law, Policy and Management, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA.
Barbara G
BG
Bokhour
Health Economics Resource Center, VA Palo Alto Healthcare System, Menlo Park, CA, USA.|Center for Innovation to Implementation, VA Palo Alto Healthcare System, Menlo Park, CA, USA.|Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, CA, USA.
Todd H
TH
Wagner
Center for Innovation to Implementation, VA Palo Alto Healthcare System, Menlo Park, CA, USA.|Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, CA, USA.
Steven M
SM
Asch
Center for Healthcare Organization and Implementation Research, Edith Nourse Rogers Memorial Veterans Hospital, Bedford, MA, USA.|Department of Health Law, Policy and Management, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA.
Allen L
AL
Gifford
University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA, USA.
Thomas H
TH
Gallagher
Patient Care Services, Veterans Health Administration, Department of Veterans Affairs, Washington, DC, USA.
Janet M
JM
Durfee
Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA.
Richard A
RA
Martinello
Department of Health Law, Policy and Management, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA.|Center for Healthcare Organization and Implementation Research, VA Boston Healthcare System, 150 S. Huntington Ave, Jamaica Plain, MA, USA.
A Rani
AR
Elwy
D003142:Communication; D019033:Delivery of Health Care, Integrated / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D030881:Disclosure; D006801:Humans; D007857:Leadership; D019300:Medical Errors / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D017060:Patient Satisfaction; D011446:Prospective Studies; D014481:United States; D014493:United States Department of Veterans Affairs; D058014:Veterans Health
Adverse events; Communication; Qualitative; Veterans