Drugs for the treatment of pediatric type 2 diabetes mellitus and related co-morbidities.
The continuing global epidemic of obesity in adolescents has raised the prevalence of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Despite the wealth of information concerning T2DM in adults, rare data are available targeting treatment of T2DM in pediatric. Areas covered: This article has reviewed clinical practice guidelines, particularly the American Diabetes Association and the Pediatric Endocrine Society consensus, jointly with clinical trial data available in databases with respect to the use of available pharmacological options to treat T2DM and its complications in youth. Expert opinion: The use of other pharmacological treatments of T2DM in addition to metformin and insulin entails several problems. Since rare studies have been conducted on the medications available to manage T2DM in children, treating them may be more difficult than that of adults. It needs longer and larger size clinical trials along with better pharmacological agents to affect various pathophysiological mechanisms of diabetes. Meanwhile, the efficacy and safety of combinations therapies should be completed in preclinical and clinical phases.
a Diabetes Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Clinical Sciences Institute , Tehran University of Medical Sciences , Tehran , Iran.|b Endocrinology and Metabolism Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Clinical Sciences Institute , Tehran University of Medical Sciences , Tehran , Iran.
Ozra
O
Tabatabaei-Malazy
b Endocrinology and Metabolism Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Clinical Sciences Institute , Tehran University of Medical Sciences , Tehran , Iran.|c Department of Pharmacoeconomics and Pharmaceutical Administration, Faculty of Pharmacy , Tehran University of Medical Sciences , Tehran , Iran.
Shekoufeh
S
Nikfar
b Endocrinology and Metabolism Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Clinical Sciences Institute , Tehran University of Medical Sciences , Tehran , Iran.
Bagher
B
Larijani
b Endocrinology and Metabolism Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Clinical Sciences Institute , Tehran University of Medical Sciences , Tehran , Iran.|d Toxicology and Diseases Group, Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center , Tehran University of Medical Sciences , Tehran , Iran.|e Department of Toxicology and Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, and Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center , Tehran University of Medical Sciences , Tehran , Iran.
Mohammad
M
Abdollahi
D002648:Child; D002986:Clinical Trials as Topic / Q000379:methods; D015897:Comorbidity; D048909:Diabetes Complications / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000453:epidemiology; D003924:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000453:epidemiology*; D006801:Humans; D007004:Hypoglycemic Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D007328:Insulin / Q000627:therapeutic use; D008687:Metformin / Q000627:therapeutic use; D009765:Obesity / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000453:epidemiology*; D016896:Treatment Outcome
D007004:Hypoglycemic Agents; D007328:Insulin; D008687:Metformin
Pediatric; treatment; type 2 diabetes