Effects of repealing the motorcycle helmet law in Michigan.
BACKGROUND
In 2012, Michigan repealed its universal helmet law. Our study assessed the clinical impact of this repeal.


METHODS
Our trauma database was queried retrospectively for 2 motorcycle riding seasons before and 3 seasons after repeal. On-scene death data was obtained from the Medical Examiner.


RESULTS
Helmet use in hospitalized patients decreased after the helmet law repeal. Non-helmeted patients had a significant increased rate of head injury. Non-helmeted patients were more likely to die during hospitalization. While, helmet use and drugs/alcohol status significantly affected the risk for head injury, only drug/alcohol had a significant effect on overall mortality.


CONCLUSIONS
Following helmet law repeal, helmet use has decreased. Helmet status and drug/alcohol use was found to significantly increase risk of head injury. Although overall mortality was only affected by drug/alcohol use, non-helmeted patients did have a higher inpatient mortality. These findings deserve furthermore study and may provide a basis for reinstating the universal helmet law.
General Surgery Resident at Beaumont Health, Royal Oak, MI, USA. Electronic address: Zachary.hothem@beaumont.edu.
Zachary
Z
Hothem
General Surgery Resident at Beaumont Health, Royal Oak, MI, USA. Electronic address: Robert.simon@beaumont.edu.
Robert
R
Simon
General Surgery Resident at Beaumont Health, Royal Oak, MI, USA. Electronic address: Wesley.barnes@beaumont.edu.
Wesley
W
Barnes
General Surgery Resident at Beaumont Health, Royal Oak, MI, USA. Electronic address: Azmath.mohammad@beaumont.edu.
Azmath
A
Mohammad
General Surgery Resident at Beaumont Health, Royal Oak, MI, USA. Electronic address: Shruti.sevak@beaumont.edu.
Shruti
S
Sevak
Department of General Surgery at Beaumont Health, Royal Oak, MI, USA. Electronic address: Kathryn.ziegler@beaumont.org.
Kathryn
K
Ziegler
Department of General and Trauma Surgery at Beaumont Health, Royal Oak, MI, USA. Electronic address: Anthony.iacco@beaumont.org.
Anthony
A
Iacco
Department of General and Trauma Surgery at Beaumont Health, Royal Oak, MI, USA. Electronic address: Randy.janczyk@beaumont.edu.
Randy
R
Janczyk
D000328:Adult; D000428:Alcohol Drinking / Q000401:mortality; D006259:Craniocerebral Trauma / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000517:prevention & control; D005260:Female; D015600:Glasgow Coma Scale; D006260:Head Protective Devices / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008824:Michigan / Q000453:epidemiology; D009049:Motorcycles / Q000331:legislation & jurisprudence*; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D019966:Substance-Related Disorders / Q000401:mortality
Helmet law; Helmet use; Michigan helmet law; Michigan motorcycle; Motorcycle crash; Motorcycle helmet