Chronic Opisthorchis viverrini Infection Changes the Liver Microbiome and Promotes Helicobacter Growth.
Adults of Opisthorchis viverrini reside in the biliary system, inducing inflammation of bile ducts and cholangitis, leading to hepatobiliary disease (HBD) including cholangiocarcinoma. O. viverrini infection also has major implications for the bacterial community in bile ducts and liver. To investigate this in chronic O. viverrini infection (≥ 8 months p.i.), bacterial genomic DNA from livers of hamsters and from worms was investigated using culture techniques, PCR for Helicobacter spp. and high-throughput next-generation sequencing targeting the V3-V4 hypervariable regions of prokaryotic 16S rRNA gene. Of a total of 855,046 DNA sequence reads, 417,953 were useable after filtering. Metagenomic analyses assigned these to 93 operational taxonomic units (OTUs) consisting of 80 OTUs of bacteria, including 6 phyla and 42 genera. In the chronic O. viverrini-infected group, bacterial community composition and diversity were significantly increased compared to controls. Sequences of Fusobacterium spp. were the most common (13.81%), followed by Streptococcus luteciae (10.76%), Escherichia coli (10.18%), and Bifidobacterium spp. (0.58%). In addition, Helicobacter pylori (0.17% of sequences) was also identified in the liver of chronic O. viverrini infections, but not in normal liver. The presence of H. pylori was confirmed by PCR and by use of an antibody against bacterial antigen, supporting the metagenomics data. The identities of bacteria cultured for enrichment suggested that chronic O. viverrini infection changes the liver microbiome and promotes Helicobacter spp. growth. There may be synergy between O. viverrini and the liver microbiome in enhancing immune response-mediated hepatobiliary diseases.
Biomedical Science Program, Graduate School, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand.|Centre for Research and Development of Medical Diagnostic Laboratories, Faculty of Associated Medical Sciences, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, 40002, Thailand.|Liver Fluke and Cholangiocarcinoma Research Center, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, 40002, Thailand.
Upsornsawan
U
Itthitaetrakool
Centre for Research and Development of Medical Diagnostic Laboratories, Faculty of Associated Medical Sciences, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, 40002, Thailand.|Liver Fluke and Cholangiocarcinoma Research Center, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, 40002, Thailand.
Porntip
P
Pinlaor
Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, 40002, Thailand.|Liver Fluke and Cholangiocarcinoma Research Center, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, 40002, Thailand.
Somchai
S
Pinlaor
Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, 40002, Thailand.|Liver Fluke and Cholangiocarcinoma Research Center, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, 40002, Thailand.
Chariya
C
Chomvarin
Centre for Research and Development of Medical Diagnostic Laboratories, Faculty of Associated Medical Sciences, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, 40002, Thailand.|Science Program in Medical Technology, Faculty of Associated Medical Sciences, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, 40002, Thailand.|Liver Fluke and Cholangiocarcinoma Research Center, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, 40002, Thailand.
Rungtiwa
R
Dangtakot
Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, 40002, Thailand.|Liver Fluke and Cholangiocarcinoma Research Center, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, 40002, Thailand.
Apisit
A
Chaidee
Centre for Research and Development of Medical Diagnostic Laboratories, Faculty of Associated Medical Sciences, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, 40002, Thailand.
Chotechana
C
Wilailuckana
Centre for Research and Development of Medical Diagnostic Laboratories, Faculty of Associated Medical Sciences, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, 40002, Thailand.
Arunnee
A
Sangka
Centre for Research and Development of Medical Diagnostic Laboratories, Faculty of Associated Medical Sciences, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, 40002, Thailand.
Aroonlug
A
Lulitanond
Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, 40002, Thailand.|Liver Fluke and Cholangiocarcinoma Research Center, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, 40002, Thailand.
Puangrat
P
Yongvanit
D000818:Animals; D006224:Cricetinae; D004269:DNA, Bacterial / Q000032:analysis; D004275:DNA, Ribosomal / Q000032:analysis; D016998:Helicobacter / Q000235:genetics / Q000254:growth & development*; D059014:High-Throughput Nucleotide Sequencing / Q000379:methods; D008099:Liver / Q000382:microbiology*; D008297:Male; D056186:Metagenomics / Q000379:methods*; D009889:Opisthorchiasis / Q000382:microbiology*; D009891:Opisthorchis / Q000502:physiology; D010802:Phylogeny; D012336:RNA, Ribosomal, 16S / Q000032:analysis*; D017422:Sequence Analysis, DNA
D004269:DNA, Bacterial; D004275:DNA, Ribosomal; D012336:RNA, Ribosomal, 16S