Three-dimensional laparoscopy vs 2-dimensional laparoscopy with high-definition technology for abdominal surgery: a systematic review.
BACKGROUND
This systematic review investigates newer generation 3-dimensional (3D) laparoscopy vs 2-dimensional (2D) laparoscopy in terms of error rating, performance time, and subjective assessment as early comparisons have shown contradictory results due to technological shortcomings.


METHODS
This systematic review was performed according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines. Randomized controlled trials (RCTs) comparing newer generation 3D-laparoscopy with 2D-laparoscopy were included through searches in Pubmed, EMBASE, and Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials database.


CONCLUSIONS
Of 643 articles, 13 RCTs were included, of which 2 were clinical trials. Nine of 13 trials (69%) and 10 of 13 trials (77%) found a significant reduction in performance time and error, respectively, with the use of 3D-laparoscopy. Overall, 3D-laparoscopy was found to be superior or equal to 2D-laparoscopy. All trials featuring subjective evaluation found a superiority of 3D-laparoscopy. More clinical RCTs are still awaited for the convincing results to be reproduced.
Center for Perioperative Optimization, Department of Surgery D, Herlev Hospital, University of Copenhagen, Herlev Ringvej 75, DK-2730 Herlev, Denmark. Electronic address: sayakafergo@hotmail.com.
Charlotte
C
Fergo
Department of Surgery, Koege Sygehus, Koege, Denmark.
Jakob
J
Burcharth
Department of Surgery, Hvidovre Hospital, University of Copenhagen, Hvidovre, Denmark.
Hans-Christian
HC
Pommergaard
Center for Perioperative Optimization, Department of Surgery D, Herlev Hospital, University of Copenhagen, Herlev Ringvej 75, DK-2730 Herlev, Denmark.
Niels
N
Kildebro
Center for Perioperative Optimization, Department of Surgery D, Herlev Hospital, University of Copenhagen, Herlev Ringvej 75, DK-2730 Herlev, Denmark.
Jacob
J
Rosenberg
D006801:Humans; D021621:Imaging, Three-Dimensional; D010535:Laparoscopy
Imaging; Minimally invasive surgery; Three-dimensional laparoscopy