Effect of Paecilomyces lilacinus, Trichoderma harzianum and Trichoderma virens fungal extracts on the hatchability of Ancylostoma eggs.
BACKGROUND
Ancylostoma species have demanded attention due to their zoonotic potential. The use of anthelmintics is the usual method to prevent environmental contamination by Ancylostoma eggs and larvae. Nematophagous fungi have been widely used in their biological control due to the fungus ability to capture and digest free nematode forms.


OBJECTIVE
The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of four different fungal extracts of Paecilomyces lilacinus (n=2), Trichoderma harzianum (n=1) and Trichoderma virens (n=1) isolates on the hatchability of Ancylostoma eggs.


METHODS
Fungal extracts consisted of fungal broth culture supernatant without filtration (crude extract) and filtered broth (filtered extract), macerated mycelium (crude macerate), and macerated mycelium submitted to filtration (filtered macerate). The Ancylostoma eggs were obtained from the feces of naturally infected dogs. In vitro assays were performed in five replicates and consisted of four treatments and one control group.


RESULTS
The activity of the fungal extracts of each evaluated fungus differed (p<0.05) from those of the control group, showing significant ovicidal activity. The hatching of the eggs suffered reduction percentages of 68.43% and 47.05% with P. lilacinus, and 56.43% with T. harzianum, when crude macerate extract was used. The reduction with the macerate extract of T. virens was slightly lower (52.25%) than that for the filtered macerate (53.64%).


CONCLUSIONS
The results showed that all extracts were effective in reducing the hatchability of Ancylostoma eggs. The ovicidal effect observed is likely to have been caused by the action of hydrolytic enzymes secreted by the fungi.
Universidade Federal de Pelotas (UFPel), Instituto de Biología, Departamento de Microbiologia e Parasitologia, Pelotas, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil.
Bianca Delgado Menezes
BD
Hofstätter
Universidade Federal de Pelotas (UFPel), Instituto de Biología, Departamento de Microbiologia e Parasitologia, Pelotas, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil.
Anelise
A
Oliveira da Silva Fonseca
Universidade Federal de Pelotas (UFPel), Instituto de Biología, Departamento de Microbiologia e Parasitologia, Pelotas, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil.
Fernando
F
de Souza Maia Filho
Universidade Federal de Pelotas (UFPel), Instituto de Biología, Departamento de Microbiologia e Parasitologia, Pelotas, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil.
Julia
J
de Souza Silveira
Universidade Federal de Pelotas (UFPel), Instituto de Biología, Departamento de Microbiologia e Parasitologia, Pelotas, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil.
Beatriz Maroneze
BM
Persici
Universidade Federal de Santa Maria (UFSM), Centro de Ciências Rurais, Departamento de Zootecnia, Santa Maria, Rio Grande do Sul, Brasil.
Luciana
L
Pötter
Universidade Federal de Santa Maria (UFSM), Centro de Ciências Rurais, Departamento de Zootecnia, Santa Maria, Rio Grande do Sul, Brasil.
Andressa
A
Silveira
Universidade Federal de Santa Maria (UFSM), Centro de Ciências Rurais, Departamento de Zootecnia, Santa Maria, Rio Grande do Sul, Brasil.
Zaida Inês
ZI
Antoniolli
Universidade Federal de Pelotas (UFPel), Instituto de Biología, Departamento de Microbiologia e Parasitologia, Pelotas, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil. Electronic address: danielabrayer@gmail.com.
Daniela Isabel
DI
Brayer Pereira
D000722:Ancylostoma / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000302:isolation & purification; D000724:Ancylostomiasis / Q000469:parasitology / Q000662:veterinary; D000818:Animals; D061046:Biological Control Agents / Q000494:pharmacology*; D001688:Biological Products / Q000494:pharmacology*; D004283:Dog Diseases / Q000469:parasitology; D004285:Dogs; D010063:Ovum / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000502:physiology*; D010143:Paecilomyces; D014242:Trichoderma
D061046:Biological Control Agents; D001688:Biological Products
Biological control; Control biológico; Enzimas; Enzymes; Helminths; Helmintos; Hongos nematófagos; Nematophagous fungi; Ovicida; Ovicidal