"Mind the gap" acute coronary syndrome in women: A contemporary review of current clinical evidence.
The incidence and prevalence of coronary artery disease in women has exceeded that in men over the past four decades, and although a significant decline in mortality has occurred in the past two decades, there is a growing body of evidence suggesting that there are gender differences between the clinical manifestations and course of coronary artery disease, as well as differences in treatment and treatment response. This review article considers the current literature regarding the gender-specific manifestation of acute coronary syndromes. Through the review of basic science articles, subsets of trial data, and meta-analyses, the gender-specific differences in within acute coronary syndromes are considered in terms of diagnostic dilemmas, pathophysiology, and treatment options (including pharmacological, percutaneous and surgical methods). Finally, acute coronary syndromes and their management in the special circumstance of pregnancy are also reviewed.
Department of Cardiology, Papworth Hospital, Papworth Everard, UK. Electronic address: lizdavis@nhs.net.
Elizabeth
E
Davis
Hertfordshire Cardiology Centre, Lister Hospital, Stevenage, UK; Imperial College, London, UK; University of Hertfordshire, Herts, UK.
Diana A
DA
Gorog
The Division of Cardiovascular Diseases and Department of Internal Medicine, Mayo Clinic and Mayo Foundation, Rochester, MN, United States.
Charanjit
C
Rihal
The Division of Cardiovascular Diseases and Department of Internal Medicine, Mayo Clinic and Mayo Foundation, Rochester, MN, United States.
Abhiram
A
Prasad
Hertfordshire Cardiology Centre, Lister Hospital, Stevenage, UK.
Manivannan
M
Srinivasan
D054058:Acute Coronary Syndrome / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000628:therapy*; D000319:Adrenergic beta-Antagonists / Q000627:therapeutic use; D002986:Clinical Trials as Topic / Q000379:methods; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D062645:Percutaneous Coronary Intervention / Q000639:trends; D012307:Risk Factors; D012737:Sex Factors
D000319:Adrenergic beta-Antagonists
Angioplasty; Myocardial infarction; Pregnancy; Women