Tailored Fabrication of Transferable and Hollow Weblike Titanium Dioxide Structures.
The preparation of weblike titanium dioxide thin films by atomic layer deposition on cellulose biotemplates is reported. The method produces a TiO2web, which is flexible and transferable from the deposition substrate to that of the end application. Removal of the cellulose template by calcination converts the amorphous titania to crystalline anatase and gives the structure a hollow morphology. The TiO2webs are thoroughly characterized using electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction, and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy to give new insight into manufacturing of porous titanium dioxide structures by means of template-based methods. Functionality and integrity of the TiO2hollow weblike thin films were successfully confirmed by applying them as electrodes in dye-sensitized solar cells.
Department of Chemistry and Bioengineering, Tampere University of Technology, P.O. Box 541, 33101, Tampere, Finland.
Arto
http://orcid.org/0000-0003-0903-3207
A
Hiltunen
Surface Science Laboratory, Optoelectronics Research Centre, Tampere University of Technology, P.O. Box 692, 33101, Tampere, Finland.
Kimmo
K
Lahtonen
Surface Science Laboratory, Optoelectronics Research Centre, Tampere University of Technology, P.O. Box 692, 33101, Tampere, Finland.
Jesse
J
Saari
Department of Chemistry and Bioengineering, Tampere University of Technology, P.O. Box 541, 33101, Tampere, Finland.
Anniina
A
Ojanperä
Department of Materials Science, Tampere University of Technology, P.O. Box 589, 33101, Tampere, Finland.
Essi
E
Sarlin
Laboratory of Fibre and Cellulose Technology, Åbo Akademi University, Porthansgatan 3, 20500, Turku, Finland.
Holger
H
Wondraczek
Department of Chemistry and Bioengineering, Tampere University of Technology, P.O. Box 541, 33101, Tampere, Finland.
Alexander
A
Efimov
Department of Chemistry and Bioengineering, Tampere University of Technology, P.O. Box 541, 33101, Tampere, Finland.
Kimmo
K
Kaunisto
Department of Chemistry and Bioengineering, Tampere University of Technology, P.O. Box 541, 33101, Tampere, Finland.
Paola
P
Vivo
INSTM, Department of Chemistry, Padova University, 35131, Padova, Italy.
Chiara
C
Maccato
CNR-ICMATE and INSTM, Department of Chemistry, Padova University, 35131, Padova, Italy.
Davide
D
Barreca
Laboratory of Fibre and Cellulose Technology, Åbo Akademi University, Porthansgatan 3, 20500, Turku, Finland.|Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 200F bus 2424, B-3001, Leuven, Belgium.
Pedro
P
Fardim
Department of Chemistry and Bioengineering, Tampere University of Technology, P.O. Box 541, 33101, Tampere, Finland.
Nikolai
N
Tkachenko
Surface Science Laboratory, Optoelectronics Research Centre, Tampere University of Technology, P.O. Box 692, 33101, Tampere, Finland.
Mika
M
Valden
Department of Chemistry and Bioengineering, Tampere University of Technology, P.O. Box 541, 33101, Tampere, Finland.
Helge
H
Lemmetyinen
photochemistry; surface analysis; templated synthesis; thin films; titanium