Manipulation of the innate immune response by human papillomaviruses.
The innate immune response constitutes the first line of defense against infections by pathogens. Successful pathogens such as human papillomaviruses (HPVs) have evolved mechanisms that target several points in these pathways including sensing of viral genomes, blocking the synthesis of interferons and inhibiting the action of JAK/STAT transcription factors. Disruption of these inhibitory mechanisms contributes to the ability of HPVs to establish persistent infections, which is the major etiological factor in the development of anogenital cancers. Interestingly, HPVs also positively activate several members of these pathways such as STAT-5 that are important for their differentiation-dependent life cycle. STAT-5 activation induces the ATM and ATR DNA damage response pathways that play critical roles in HPV genome amplification. Targeting of these pathways by pharmaceuticals can provide novel opportunities to inhibit infections by these important human pathogens.
Department of Microbiology-Immunology, Northwestern University, Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, 60611, United States.
Shiyuan
S
Hong
Department of Microbiology-Immunology, Northwestern University, Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, 60611, United States. Electronic address: l-laimins@northwestern.edu.
Laimonis A
LA
Laimins
D064007:Ataxia Telangiectasia Mutated Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology; D005786:Gene Expression Regulation; D016679:Genome, Viral; D006801:Humans; D057131:Immune Evasion; D007113:Immunity, Innate; D007372:Interferons / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology; D053612:Janus Kinases / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology; D015603:Keratinocytes / Q000276:immunology* / Q000821:virology; D016328:NF-kappa B / Q000235:genetics* / Q000276:immunology; D009856:Oncogene Proteins, Viral / Q000235:genetics* / Q000276:immunology; D027383:Papillomaviridae / Q000235:genetics* / Q000254:growth & development / Q000472:pathogenicity; D030361:Papillomavirus Infections / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology / Q000473:pathology / Q000821:virology*; D050799:STAT5 Transcription Factor / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology; D015398:Signal Transduction; D014779:Virus Replication
D016328:NF-kappa B; D009856:Oncogene Proteins, Viral; D050799:STAT5 Transcription Factor; D007372:Interferons; D053612:Janus Kinases; C576324:ATM protein, human; C576597:ATR protein, human; D064007:Ataxia Telangiectasia Mutated Proteins
Inflammasome; Interferons; JAK-STAT pathway; PAMPs