Methyl Transfer in Glucosinolate Biosynthesis Mediated by Indole Glucosinolate O-Methyltransferase 5.
Indole glucosinolates (IGs) are plant secondary metabolites that are derived from the amino acid tryptophan. The product of Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) IG core biosynthesis, indol-3-ylmethyl glucosinolate (I3M), can be modified by hydroxylation and subsequent methoxylation of the indole ring in position 1 (1-IG modification) or 4 (4-IG modification). Products of the 4-IG modification pathway mediate plant-enemy interactions and are particularly important for Arabidopsis innate immunity. While CYP81Fs encoding cytochrome P450 monooxygenases and IGMTs encoding indole glucosinolate O-methyltransferases have been identified as key genes for IG modification, our knowledge about the IG modification pathways is not complete. In particular, it is unknown which enzyme is responsible for methyl transfer in the 1-IG modification pathway and whether this pathway plays a role in defense, similar to 4-IG modification. Here, we analyze two Arabidopsis transfer DNA insertion lines with targeted metabolomics. We show that biosynthesis of 1-methoxyindol-3-ylmethyl glucosinolate (1MOI3M) from I3M involves the predicted unstable intermediate 1-hydroxyindol-3-ylmethyl glucosinolate (1OHI3M) and that IGMT5, a gene with moderate similarity to previously characterized IGMTs, encodes the methyltransferase that is responsible for the conversion of 1OHI3M to 1MOI3M. Disruption of IGMT5 function increases resistance against the root-knot nematode Meloidogyne javanica and suggests a potential role for the 1-IG modification pathway in Arabidopsis belowground defense.
Ecologie Systématique Evolution, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique/Université Paris-Sud/AgroParisTech, Université Paris-Saclay, 91400 Orsay, France (M.P., M.M., J.Kr.).|Palestinian National Agricultural Research Center, 19356 Jenin, Palestine (M.M.).|Institut Jean-Pierre Bourgin, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique/AgroParisTech/Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Université Paris-Saclay, 78000 Versailles, France (F.P.).|Waters, Ltd., Wilmslow SK9 4AX, United Kingdom; and.|Copenhagen Plant Science Center and Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, University of Copenhagen, 1165 Copenhagen, Denmark (C.I.C.H., C.E.O., N.A.).
Marina
M
Pfalz
Ecologie Systématique Evolution, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique/Université Paris-Sud/AgroParisTech, Université Paris-Saclay, 91400 Orsay, France (M.P., M.M., J.Kr.).|Palestinian National Agricultural Research Center, 19356 Jenin, Palestine (M.M.).|Institut Jean-Pierre Bourgin, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique/AgroParisTech/Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Université Paris-Saclay, 78000 Versailles, France (F.P.).|Waters, Ltd., Wilmslow SK9 4AX, United Kingdom; and.|Copenhagen Plant Science Center and Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, University of Copenhagen, 1165 Copenhagen, Denmark (C.I.C.H., C.E.O., N.A.).
Maisara
0000-0003-2388-9714
M
Mukhaimar
Ecologie Systématique Evolution, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique/Université Paris-Sud/AgroParisTech, Université Paris-Saclay, 91400 Orsay, France (M.P., M.M., J.Kr.).|Palestinian National Agricultural Research Center, 19356 Jenin, Palestine (M.M.).|Institut Jean-Pierre Bourgin, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique/AgroParisTech/Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Université Paris-Saclay, 78000 Versailles, France (F.P.).|Waters, Ltd., Wilmslow SK9 4AX, United Kingdom; and.|Copenhagen Plant Science Center and Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, University of Copenhagen, 1165 Copenhagen, Denmark (C.I.C.H., C.E.O., N.A.).
François
0000-0001-7873-9866
F
Perreau
Ecologie Systématique Evolution, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique/Université Paris-Sud/AgroParisTech, Université Paris-Saclay, 91400 Orsay, France (M.P., M.M., J.Kr.).|Palestinian National Agricultural Research Center, 19356 Jenin, Palestine (M.M.).|Institut Jean-Pierre Bourgin, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique/AgroParisTech/Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Université Paris-Saclay, 78000 Versailles, France (F.P.).|Waters, Ltd., Wilmslow SK9 4AX, United Kingdom; and.|Copenhagen Plant Science Center and Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, University of Copenhagen, 1165 Copenhagen, Denmark (C.I.C.H., C.E.O., N.A.).
Jayne
J
Kirk
Ecologie Systématique Evolution, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique/Université Paris-Sud/AgroParisTech, Université Paris-Saclay, 91400 Orsay, France (M.P., M.M., J.Kr.).|Palestinian National Agricultural Research Center, 19356 Jenin, Palestine (M.M.).|Institut Jean-Pierre Bourgin, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique/AgroParisTech/Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Université Paris-Saclay, 78000 Versailles, France (F.P.).|Waters, Ltd., Wilmslow SK9 4AX, United Kingdom; and.|Copenhagen Plant Science Center and Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, University of Copenhagen, 1165 Copenhagen, Denmark (C.I.C.H., C.E.O., N.A.).
Cecilie Ida Cetti
CI
Hansen
Ecologie Systématique Evolution, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique/Université Paris-Sud/AgroParisTech, Université Paris-Saclay, 91400 Orsay, France (M.P., M.M., J.Kr.).|Palestinian National Agricultural Research Center, 19356 Jenin, Palestine (M.M.).|Institut Jean-Pierre Bourgin, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique/AgroParisTech/Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Université Paris-Saclay, 78000 Versailles, France (F.P.).|Waters, Ltd., Wilmslow SK9 4AX, United Kingdom; and.|Copenhagen Plant Science Center and Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, University of Copenhagen, 1165 Copenhagen, Denmark (C.I.C.H., C.E.O., N.A.).
Carl Erik
0000-0002-2275-0596
CE
Olsen
Ecologie Systématique Evolution, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique/Université Paris-Sud/AgroParisTech, Université Paris-Saclay, 91400 Orsay, France (M.P., M.M., J.Kr.).|Palestinian National Agricultural Research Center, 19356 Jenin, Palestine (M.M.).|Institut Jean-Pierre Bourgin, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique/AgroParisTech/Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Université Paris-Saclay, 78000 Versailles, France (F.P.).|Waters, Ltd., Wilmslow SK9 4AX, United Kingdom; and.|Copenhagen Plant Science Center and Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, University of Copenhagen, 1165 Copenhagen, Denmark (C.I.C.H., C.E.O., N.A.).
Niels
0000-0003-4670-8330
N
Agerbirk
Ecologie Systématique Evolution, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique/Université Paris-Sud/AgroParisTech, Université Paris-Saclay, 91400 Orsay, France (M.P., M.M., J.Kr.); juergen.kroymann@u-psud.fr.|Palestinian National Agricultural Research Center, 19356 Jenin, Palestine (M.M.); juergen.kroymann@u-psud.fr.|Institut Jean-Pierre Bourgin, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique/AgroParisTech/Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Université Paris-Saclay, 78000 Versailles, France (F.P.); juergen.kroymann@u-psud.fr.|Waters, Ltd., Wilmslow SK9 4AX, United Kingdom; and juergen.kroymann@u-psud.fr.|Copenhagen Plant Science Center and Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, University of Copenhagen, 1165 Copenhagen, Denmark (C.I.C.H., C.E.O., N.A.) juergen.kroymann@u-psud.fr.
Juergen
0000-0002-4573-6498
J
Kroymann
D000818:Animals; D017360:Arabidopsis / Q000201:enzymology* / Q000235:genetics / Q000469:parasitology; D029681:Arabidopsis Proteins / Q000378:metabolism*; D053898:Biosynthetic Pathways; D004269:DNA, Bacterial / Q000235:genetics; D060467:Disease Resistance / Q000235:genetics; D018506:Gene Expression Regulation, Plant; D017343:Genes, Plant; D005961:Glucosinolates / Q000096:biosynthesis*; D013058:Mass Spectrometry; D055442:Metabolome / Q000235:genetics; D008745:Methylation; D008780:Methyltransferases / Q000378:metabolism*; D016254:Mutagenesis, Insertional / Q000235:genetics; D009154:Mutation / Q000235:genetics; D010935:Plant Diseases / Q000235:genetics / Q000382:microbiology / Q000469:parasitology; D018517:Plant Roots / Q000201:enzymology / Q000235:genetics; D010941:Plant Tumors / Q000469:parasitology; D011401:Promoter Regions, Genetic / Q000235:genetics; D014431:Tylenchoidea / Q000502:physiology
D029681:Arabidopsis Proteins; D004269:DNA, Bacterial; D005961:Glucosinolates; C036483:T-DNA; C000622969:IGMT5 protein, Arabidpsis; D008780:Methyltransferases; C031863:indole methyltransferase