C2 dumbbell-shaped peripheral nerve sheath tumors: Surgical management and relationship with venous structures.
OBJECTIVE
This study focuses on the adjacent venous structures of tumors and their treatment in patients with second cervical (C2) dumbbell-shaped peripheral nerve sheath tumors (PNSTs).


METHODS
The authors retrospectively analyzed the clinical outcome and the venous structures involved with tumors in 16 patients with C2 dumbbell-shaped PNSTs treated surgically between 2008 and 2015.


RESULTS
The venous structures at the craniocervical junction could be visualized in all 16 patients on contrast-enhanced T1-weighted magnetic resonance imaging. The venous structures could be identified during surgery. The common locations of venous structures were noted as follows: the suboccipital cavernous sinus was located anterolateral and toward the top of the tumor; the vertebral venous plexus was located ventral to the tumor; and the vertebral artery venous plexus was shifted anteriorly and laterally by the tumor. Total excision was achieved in all 16 patients. Clinical improvements were observed in all 16 patients postoperatively.


CONCLUSIONS
The C2 dumbbell-shaped PNSTs were closely related to the suboccipital venous structures. Understanding and proper management of these venous structures is critical for reduced bleeding and successful surgery.
Department of Neurosurgery, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Division of Spine, China International Neurological Institute, Beijing, People's Republic of China; Department of Neurosurgery, Beijing Hospital, National Center of Gerontology, Beijing, People's Republic of China.
Zuowei
Z
Wang
Department of Neurosurgery, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Division of Spine, China International Neurological Institute, Beijing, People's Republic of China.
Xingwen
X
Wang
Department of Neurosurgery, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Division of Spine, China International Neurological Institute, Beijing, People's Republic of China.
Hao
H
Wu
Department of Neurosurgery, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Division of Spine, China International Neurological Institute, Beijing, People's Republic of China.
Zan
Z
Chen
Department of Neurosurgery, Beijing Hospital, National Center of Gerontology, Beijing, People's Republic of China.
Qingguo
Q
Yuan
Department of Neurosurgery, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Division of Spine, China International Neurological Institute, Beijing, People's Republic of China. Electronic address: fengzengjian@hotmail.com.
Fengzeng
F
Jian
D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D001368:Axis, Cervical Vertebra; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009333:Neck / Q000098:blood supply* / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D018317:Nerve Sheath Neoplasms / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000601:surgery*; D019635:Neurosurgical Procedures / Q000379:methods* / Q000592:standards; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D014680:Veins / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*
C2; Peripheral nerve sheath tumor; Suboccipital cavernous sinus; Venous anatomy; Vertebral artery venous plexus; Vertebral venous plexus