Dietary Weight Loss, Exercise, and Oxidative Stress in Postmenopausal Women: A Randomized Controlled Trial.
Oxidative stress, a potential mechanism linking obesity and cancer, results from an imbalance between activation/inactivation of reactive oxygen species, byproducts of cellular metabolism. In a randomized controlled trial, we investigated effects of diet and/or exercise on biomarkers of oxidative stress. A total of 439 overweight/obese [body mass index (BMI) > 25 kg/m2] postmenopausal women, ages 50 of 75 years, were randomized to 12 months of (i) reduced-calorie weight loss diet ("diet"; n = 118); (ii) moderate-to-vigorous intensity aerobic exercise ("exercise"; n = 117); (iii) combined diet and exercise intervention ("diet + exercise"; n = 117); or (iv) control (n = 87). Outcomes were circulating markers of oxidative stress, including fluorescent oxidation products (FOP), F2-isoprostanes, and oxidized low-density lipoprotein (LDL). On average, participants were 57.9 years, with a BMI of 30.9 kg/m2F2-isprostanes were significantly reduced in the diet (-22.7%, P = 0.0002) and diet + exercise (-23.5%, P < 0.0001) arms versus controls (-2.99%) and nonsignificantly reduced in the exercise arm (-14.5%, P = 0.01). Participants randomized to the diet and diet + exercise arms had significant increases in levels of FOP [control -5.81%; diet +14.77% (P = 0.0001); diet + exercise +17.45%, (P = 0.0001)]. In secondary analyses, increasing weight loss was statistically significantly associated with linear trends of greater reductions in oxidized LDL and in F2-isoprostanes and increases in FOP. Compared with controls, exercise participants whose maximal oxygen consumption increased had significant decreases in levels of F2-isoprostanes and in oxidized LDL and increases in FOP. Dietary weight loss, with or without exercise, significantly reduced some markers of oxidative stress in postmenopausal women. Cancer Prev Res; 9(11); 835-43. ©2016 AACR.
Public Health Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington. cduggan@fhcrc.org.
Catherine
C
Duggan
Public Health Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington.
Jean de Dieu
JD
Tapsoba
Public Health Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington.|School of Public Health, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington.
Ching-Yun
CY
Wang
Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia.
Kristin L
KL
Campbell
School of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington.
Karen
K
Foster-Schubert
University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota.
Myron D
MD
Gross
Public Health Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington.|School of Public Health, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington.
Anne
A
McTiernan
D000368:Aged; D004038:Diet, Reducing; D015444:Exercise; D028441:F2-Isoprostanes / Q000097:blood; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008077:Lipoproteins, LDL / Q000097:blood; D008875:Middle Aged; D009765:Obesity; D050177:Overweight; D018384:Oxidative Stress; D017698:Postmenopause; D015431:Weight Loss
D028441:F2-Isoprostanes; D008077:Lipoproteins, LDL; C099252:oxidized low density lipoprotein