Complex structure of the fission yeast SREBP-SCAP binding domains reveals an oligomeric organization.
Sterol regulatory element-binding protein (SREBP) transcription factors are master regulators of cellular lipid homeostasis in mammals and oxygen-responsive regulators of hypoxic adaptation in fungi. SREBP C-terminus binds to the WD40 domain of SREBP cleavage-activating protein (SCAP), which confers sterol regulation by controlling the ER-to-Golgi transport of the SREBP-SCAP complex and access to the activating proteases in the Golgi. Here, we biochemically and structurally show that the carboxyl terminal domains (CTD) of Sre1 and Scp1, the fission yeast SREBP and SCAP, form a functional 4:4 oligomer and Sre1-CTD forms a dimer of dimers. The crystal structure of Sre1-CTD at 3.5 Å and cryo-EM structure of the complex at 5.4 Å together with in vitro biochemical evidence elucidate three distinct regions in Sre1-CTD required for Scp1 binding, Sre1-CTD dimerization and tetrameric formation. Finally, these structurally identified domains are validated in a cellular context, demonstrating that the proper 4:4 oligomeric complex formation is required for Sre1 activation.
State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, Beijing 100084, China.|Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Structural Biology, Beijing 100084, China.|Tsinghua-Peking Joint Center for Life Sciences, School of Life Sciences and School of Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China.
Xin
X
Gong
State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, Beijing 100084, China.|Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Structural Biology, Beijing 100084, China.|Tsinghua-Peking Joint Center for Life Sciences, School of Life Sciences and School of Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China.
Hongwu
H
Qian
Department of Cell Biology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA.
Wei
W
Shao
State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, Beijing 100084, China.|Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Structural Biology, Beijing 100084, China.
Jingxian
J
Li
State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, Beijing 100084, China.|Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Structural Biology, Beijing 100084, China.|Tsinghua-Peking Joint Center for Life Sciences, School of Life Sciences and School of Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China.
Jianping
J
Wu
Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Structural Biology, Beijing 100084, China.|Tsinghua-Peking Joint Center for Life Sciences, School of Life Sciences and School of Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China.
Jun-Jie
JJ
Liu
State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, Beijing 100084, China.|Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Structural Biology, Beijing 100084, China.
Wenqi
W
Li
Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Structural Biology, Beijing 100084, China.|Tsinghua-Peking Joint Center for Life Sciences, School of Life Sciences and School of Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China.
Hong-Wei
HW
Wang
Department of Cell Biology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA.
Peter
P
Espenshade
State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, Beijing 100084, China.|Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Structural Biology, Beijing 100084, China.|Tsinghua-Peking Joint Center for Life Sciences, School of Life Sciences and School of Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China.
Nieng
N
Yan
D020285:Cryoelectron Microscopy; D018360:Crystallography, X-Ray; D019281:Dimerization; D006056:Golgi Apparatus / Q000378:metabolism; D047908:Intracellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism*; D008565:Membrane Proteins / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism*; D062105:Molecular Docking Simulation; D011485:Protein Binding; D055503:Protein Multimerization; D017433:Protein Structure, Secondary; D017434:Protein Structure, Tertiary; D012568:Schizosaccharomyces / Q000378:metabolism*; D029702:Schizosaccharomyces pombe Proteins / Q000737:chemistry / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D051779:Sterol Regulatory Element Binding Proteins / Q000737:chemistry / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D014461:Ultracentrifugation
D047908:Intracellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins; D008565:Membrane Proteins; C102196:SREBP cleavage-activating protein; D029702:Schizosaccharomyces pombe Proteins; C500467:Sre1 protein, S pombe; D051779:Sterol Regulatory Element Binding Proteins