Prevalence, severity, and risk indicators of gingival inflammation in a multi-center study on South American adults: a cross sectional study.
The aim of this study is to investigate the prevalence and severity of gingival inflammation and associated risk indicators in South American adults.
Multi-stage samples totaling 1,650 adults from Porto Alegre (Brazil), Tucumán (Argentina), and Santiago (Chile) were assessed. The sampling procedure consisted of a 4-stage process. Examinations were performed in mobile dental units by calibrated examiners. A multivariable logistic regression model was utilized for associating variables as indicators of gingival inflammation (GI) (Gingival Index ≥0.5). Statistical significance was set at 0.05.
A total of 96.5% of the adults have GI. Regarding the severity of GI, 22.5% of participants examined have mild GI, 74.0% have moderate GI, and 3.6% have severe GI. The multivariate analyses identify the main risk indicators for GI as adults with higher mean of Calculus Index (OR=18.59); with a Visible Plaque Index ≥30% (OR=14.56); living in Santiago (OR=7.17); having ≤12 years of schooling (OR=2.18), and females (OR=1.93).
This study shows a high prevalence and severity of gingival inflammation, being the first one performed in adult populations in three cities of South America.
Universidade de Chile, Facultad de Odontología, Departamento de Odontología Conservadora, Laboratorio de Biología Periodontal, Santiago, Chile.
Paola
P
Carvajal
Universidad Maimónides, Facultad de Odontología, Buenos Aires, Argentina.
Mariel
M
Gómez
Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Faculdade de Odontologia, Departamento de Odontologia Conservadora, Porto Alegre, Brasil.
Sabrina
S
Gomes
Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Faculdade de Odontologia, Departamento de Odontologia Conservadora, Porto Alegre, Brasil.
Ricardo
R
Costa
Universidad Maimónides, Facultad de Odontología, Buenos Aires, Argentina.
Andres
A
Toledo
Universidade de Chile, Facultad de Odontología, Departamento de Odontología Conservadora, Laboratorio de Biología Periodontal, Santiago, Chile.
Fernando
F
Solanes
Universidad Maimónides, Facultad de Odontología, Buenos Aires, Argentina.
Hugo
H
Romanelli
Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Faculdade de Odontologia, Departamento de Odontologia Conservadora, Porto Alegre, Brasil.
Rui
R
Oppermann
Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Faculdade de Odontologia, Departamento de Odontologia Conservadora, Porto Alegre, Brasil.
Cassiano
C
Rösing
Universidade de Chile, Facultad de Odontología, Departamento de Odontología Conservadora, Laboratorio de Biología Periodontal, Santiago, Chile.
Jorge
J
Gamonal
D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D017677:Age Distribution; D000367:Age Factors; D003773:Dental Plaque / Q000453:epidemiology; D004812:Epidemiologic Methods; D005260:Female; D005891:Gingivitis / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000209:etiology / Q000473:pathology*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010518:Periodontitis / Q000209:etiology; D012307:Risk Factors; D012720:Severity of Illness Index; D017678:Sex Distribution; D012737:Sex Factors; D012959:Socioeconomic Factors; D013020:South America / Q000453:epidemiology; D055815:Young Adult