How does delivery method influence factors that contribute to women's childbirth experiences?
BACKGROUND
whether delivery method influences factors contributing to women's childbirth experience remains debated.


OBJECTIVE
we compared subjective childbirth experience according to different delivery methods.


METHODS
this study used a cross-sectional design.


METHODS
the setting comprised two university hospitals: one in Geneva, Switzerland and one in Clermont-Ferrand, France.


METHODS
a total of 291 primiparous women were recruited from July 2014 to January 2015 during their stay in the maternity wards. The mean age of the participants was 30.8 (SD=4.7) years, and most were Swiss or European (86%).


METHODS
the 'Questionnaire for Assessing Childbirth Experience' was sent between four and six weeks after delivery. Clinimetric and psychometric approaches were used to assess childbirth experience according to delivery method.


RESULTS
the mean scores of the four questionnaire dimensions varied significantly by delivery method. 'First moments with the newborn' was more negatively experienced by women from the caesarean section group compared to those who delivered vaginally (p<0.001). Similar results regarding the dimension of 'emotional status' were also observed, as women who delivered by caesarean section felt more worried, less secure, and less confident (p=0.001). 'Relationship with staff' significantly differed between groups (p=0.047) as more negative results were shown in the 'unexpected medical intervention groups' (i.e. emergency caesarean section and instrumental delivered vaginally). Women's 'feelings at one-month post partum' in the emergency caesarean section group were less satisfactory than the other groups. Delivery method and other obstetric variables explained only a low proportion of the total variance in the global scores (R2adjusted=0.18), which emphasized the importance of subjective factors in women's childbirth experience.


CONCLUSIONS
a comparison of best expected positive responses to each item (clinimetric approach) showed useful results for clinicians. This research indicated that delivery method influenced key factors (psychometric approach) of the childbirth experience.


CONCLUSIONS
delivery method should not be considered alone and health professionals should focus on what is important for women to foster a more positive experience. In addition, women who have had an emergency caesarean section require special attention during post partum.
University of Applied Sciences and Arts of Western Switzerland, 47 Avenue de Champel, 1206 Geneva, Switzerland; Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Geneva University Hospitals, 30 Boulevard de la Cluse, 1211 Geneva 14, Switzerland. Electronic address: pierre.carquillat@hesge.ch.
Pierre
P
Carquillat
Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Geneva University Hospitals, 30 Boulevard de la Cluse, 1211 Geneva 14, Switzerland. Electronic address: michel.boulvain@hcuge.ch.
Michel
M
Boulvain
University of Applied Sciences and Arts of Western Switzerland, 47 Avenue de Champel, 1206 Geneva, Switzerland; Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Geneva University Hospitals, 30 Boulevard de la Cluse, 1211 Geneva 14, Switzerland. Electronic address: marie-julia.guittier@hesge.ch.
Marie-Julia
MJ
Guittier
D000328:Adult; D001291:Attitude of Health Personnel; D002585:Cesarean Section / Q000523:psychology / Q000592:standards; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D003695:Delivery of Health Care / Q000379:methods*; D036861:Delivery, Obstetric / Q000523:psychology / Q000592:standards; D005260:Female; D005602:France; D006700:Home Childbirth / Q000523:psychology / Q000592:standards; D006801:Humans; D008016:Life Change Events; D008875:Middle Aged; D009035:Mothers / Q000523:psychology*; D036801:Parturition / Q000523:psychology*; D011247:Pregnancy; D011594:Psychometrics / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000592:standards; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D013557:Switzerland
Childbirth experience; Clinimetric; Delivery method; Primiparous