BDE-47 induces oxidative stress, activates MAPK signaling pathway, and elevates de novo lipogenesis in the copepod Paracyclopina nana.
Brominated flame retardant, 2, 2', 4, 4'-tetrabromodiphenyl ether (BDE-47), has received grave concerns as a persistent organic pollutant, which is toxic to marine organisms, and a suspected link to endocrine abnormalities. Despite the wide distribution in the marine ecosystem, very little is known about the toxic impairments on marine organisms, particularly on invertebrates. Thus, we examined the adverse effects of BDE-47 on life history trait (development), oxidative markers, fatty acid composition, and lipid accumulation in response to BDE-47-induced stress in the marine copepod Paracyclopina nana. Also, activation level of mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling pathways along with the gene expression profile of de novo lipogenesis (DNL) pathways were addressed. As a result, BDE-47 induced oxidative stress (e.g. reactive oxygen species, ROS) mediated activation of extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) and c-Jun-N-terminal kinase (JNK) signaling cascades in MAPK pathways. Activated MAPK pathways, in turn, induced signal molecules that bind to the transcription factors (TFs) responsible for lipogenesis to EcR, SREBP, ChREBP promoters. Also, the stress stimulated the conversion of saturated fatty acids (SFAs) to polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs), a preparedness of the organism to adapt the observed stress, which could be correlated with the elongase and desaturase gene (e.g. ELO3, Δ5-DES, Δ9-DES) expressions, and then extended to the delayed early post-embryonic development and increased accumulation of lipid droplets in P. nana. This study will provide a better understanding of how BDE-47 effects on marine invertebrates particularly on the copepods, an important link in the marine food chain.
Department of Biological Science, College of Science, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, South Korea.
Min-Chul
MC
Lee
Department of Biological Science, College of Science, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, South Korea.
Jayesh
J
Puthumana
Department of Food and Nutrition, College of Health Science, Honam University, Gwangju 62399, South Korea; Department of Food and Nutrition, College of Human Ecology, Hanyang University, Seoul 04763, South Korea.
Seung-Hwi
SH
Lee
Department of Biological Science, College of Science, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, South Korea.
Hye-Min
HM
Kang
Department of Biological Science, College of Science, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, South Korea.
Jun Chul
JC
Park
Department of Biological Science, College of Science, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, South Korea.
Chang-Bum
CB
Jeong
Department of Biological Science, College of Science, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, South Korea.
Jeonghoon
J
Han
Department of Biological Science, College of Science, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, South Korea.
Dae-Sik
DS
Hwang
Pathology Division, National Institute of Fisheries Science, Busan 46083, South Korea.
Jung Soo
JS
Seo
Department of Marine Bioscience, College of Life Sciences, Gangneung-Wonju National University, Gangneung 25457, South Korea.
Heum Gi
HG
Park
Department of Food and Nutrition, College of Human Ecology, Hanyang University, Seoul 04763, South Korea. Electronic address: aesonom@hanyang.ac.kr.
Ae-Son
AS
Om
Department of Biological Science, College of Science, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, South Korea. Electronic address: jslee2@skku.edu.
Jae-Seong
JS
Lee
D000818:Animals; D033342:Copepoda / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000254:growth & development / Q000378:metabolism; D005227:Fatty Acids / Q000378:metabolism; D055768:Halogenated Diphenyl Ethers / Q000633:toxicity*; D048031:JNK Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases / Q000378:metabolism; D050155:Lipogenesis / Q000187:drug effects*; D020935:MAP Kinase Signaling System / Q000187:drug effects*; D020928:Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases / Q000378:metabolism*; D018384:Oxidative Stress / Q000187:drug effects*; D011401:Promoter Regions, Genetic; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species / Q000378:metabolism; D060888:Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction; D051779:Sterol Regulatory Element Binding Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D014157:Transcription Factors / Q000378:metabolism; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical / Q000737:chemistry / Q000633:toxicity*
D005227:Fatty Acids; D055768:Halogenated Diphenyl Ethers; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species; D051779:Sterol Regulatory Element Binding Proteins; D014157:Transcription Factors; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical; C511295:2,2',4,4'-tetrabromodiphenyl ether; D048031:JNK Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases; D020928:Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases
BDE-47; DNL pathways; Lipogenesis; MAPK pathways; Oxidative stress; Paracyclopina nana