The experience of being a neutropenic cancer patient in an acute care isolation room: a systematic review of qualitative evidence.
BACKGROUND
Protective isolation is one of the precautionary measures put in place for neutropenic cancer patients, where patients will be placed in an isolation room during their medical treatment in the hospital. The purpose of this practice is to minimise neutropenic patients from contracting nosocomial infection and the length of stay in the isolation room varies depending on their medical condition. It has been reported in some literature that this group of patients experience social isolation, a wide range of emotions and psychological burdens such as depression and anxiety as a result of staying in the isolation room. Therefore, a systematic review on neutropenic cancer patients' experience in isolation room will add knowledge to the nursing science of providing high quality care for this particular group of patients.


OBJECTIVE
The objectives of this review are to understand neutropenic cancer patients' experiences in the isolation room and their coping mechanisms.


METHODS
The participants of interest were adults neutropenic cancer patients aged 18 years old and above.The phenomenon of interest i was the experience of neutropenic cancer patients who were nursed in an isolation room due to chemotherapy induced neutropenia or during the period of haematopoietic stem cell transplant.The studies of interests were are qualitative studies which focus on adult neutropenic cancer patients' experiences in an isolation room.The outcome of interest wai s patients' self reported experiences.


METHODS
An initial search to identify keywords was undertaken in MEDLINE and CINAHL. A second search using all identified keywords and index terms across the databases was performed subsequently. The final search included reference lists from included papers for additional studies.


METHODS
Six qualitative papers were included in this review. The papers were qualitative descriptive, phenomenological, qualitative exploratory and grounded theory. All the papers used interview as primary method to collect data except one study which had an additional art making directive method.


METHODS
Data were extracted using standardised data extraction tools from JBI-QARI.


RESULTS
Categories were formed based on aggregation from the similar findings with like meaning. The categories were then read and reread to develop two synthesised findings that were presented as declamatory and generalisable statements to guide and inform clinical practice.


RESULTS
Two syntheses were generated based on the meta-aggregation. The first synthesis was that health care workers need to be aware physical isolation could result in social isolation in patients that made them feel powerless. The second synthesis was that health care workers should encourage patients to use cognitive mechanisms to cope with isolation experiences. Family, friends and nurses should step in to provide help in any form whenever patients need it.


CONCLUSIONS
Isolation room has a negative impact on the neutropenic cancer patients while they are hospitalised. However, they are coping effectively using cognitive mechanisms and receive adequate support externally.Offering patients more options especially having flexibility in their daily routine such as meal times could be a useful intervention to allow them to take some control. Notifying the patient in advance of their time of treatment and involving patients in their treatment care will promote their autonomy. Tracking the patients' coping mechanisms and offering support when necessary will ease the patients' isolation experience.The psychological effects of being cared for in isolation room may undermine the clinical benefits of infection control. Therefore, future research is needed to evaluate the effectiveness of isolation room in preventing neutropenic cancer patients from infection.
1. Singapore National University Hospital Centre for Evidence Based Nursing: Joanna Briggs Collaboration.
Yee Mei
YM
Lee
Dora
D
Lang
Poh Chi
PC
Tho