Growing three-dimensional biomorphic graphene powders using naturally abundant diatomite templates towards high solution processability.
Mass production of high-quality graphene with low cost is the footstone for its widespread practical applications. We present herein a self-limited growth approach for producing graphene powders by a small-methane-flow chemical vapour deposition process on naturally abundant and industrially widely used diatomite (biosilica) substrates. Distinct from the chemically exfoliated graphene, thus-produced biomorphic graphene is highly crystallized with atomic layer-thickness controllability, structural designability and less noncarbon impurities. In particular, the individual graphene microarchitectures preserve a three-dimensional naturally curved surface morphology of original diatom frustules, effectively overcoming the interlayer stacking and hence giving excellent dispersion performance in fabricating solution-processible electrodes. The graphene films derived from as-made graphene powders, compatible with either rod-coating, or inkjet and roll-to-roll printing techniques, exhibit much higher electrical conductivity (∼110,700 S m-1at 80% transmittance) than previously reported solution-based counterparts. This work thus puts forward a practical route for low-cost mass production of various powdery two-dimensional materials.
Center for Nanochemistry (CNC), Beijing Science and Engineering Research Center for Nanocarbons, Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, State Key Laboratory for Structural Chemistry of Unstable and Stable Species, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China.|Key Laboratory for Special Functional Materials (Ministry of Education), Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, China.
Ke
K
Chen
Center for Nanochemistry (CNC), Beijing Science and Engineering Research Center for Nanocarbons, Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, State Key Laboratory for Structural Chemistry of Unstable and Stable Species, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China.|Department of Materials Science and Engineering, College of Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China.
Cong
C
Li
Center for Nanochemistry (CNC), Beijing Science and Engineering Research Center for Nanocarbons, Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, State Key Laboratory for Structural Chemistry of Unstable and Stable Species, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China.
Liurong
L
Shi
Center for Nanochemistry (CNC), Beijing Science and Engineering Research Center for Nanocarbons, Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, State Key Laboratory for Structural Chemistry of Unstable and Stable Species, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China.
Teng
T
Gao
Center for Nanochemistry (CNC), Beijing Science and Engineering Research Center for Nanocarbons, Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, State Key Laboratory for Structural Chemistry of Unstable and Stable Species, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China.
Xiuju
X
Song
Centre of Polymer and Carbon Materials, Polish Academy of Sciences, M. Curie-Sklodowskiej 34, Zabrze 41-819, Poland.|IFW Dresden, 20 Helmholtz Strasse, Dresden 01069, Germany.
Alicja
A
Bachmatiuk
Center for Nanochemistry (CNC), Beijing Science and Engineering Research Center for Nanocarbons, Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, State Key Laboratory for Structural Chemistry of Unstable and Stable Species, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China.
Zhiyu
Z
Zou
Center for Nanochemistry (CNC), Beijing Science and Engineering Research Center for Nanocarbons, Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, State Key Laboratory for Structural Chemistry of Unstable and Stable Species, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China.
Bing
B
Deng
Center for Nanochemistry (CNC), Beijing Science and Engineering Research Center for Nanocarbons, Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, State Key Laboratory for Structural Chemistry of Unstable and Stable Species, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China.
Qingqing
Q
Ji
Center for Nanochemistry (CNC), Beijing Science and Engineering Research Center for Nanocarbons, Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, State Key Laboratory for Structural Chemistry of Unstable and Stable Species, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China.
Donglin
D
Ma
Center for Nanochemistry (CNC), Beijing Science and Engineering Research Center for Nanocarbons, Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, State Key Laboratory for Structural Chemistry of Unstable and Stable Species, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China.
Hailin
H
Peng
Key Laboratory for Special Functional Materials (Ministry of Education), Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, China.
Zuliang
Z
Du
Centre of Polymer and Carbon Materials, Polish Academy of Sciences, M. Curie-Sklodowskiej 34, Zabrze 41-819, Poland.|IFW Dresden, 20 Helmholtz Strasse, Dresden 01069, Germany.|School of Energy, Soochow University, Suzhou 215006, China.
Mark Hermann
MH
Rümmeli
Center for Nanochemistry (CNC), Beijing Science and Engineering Research Center for Nanocarbons, Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, State Key Laboratory for Structural Chemistry of Unstable and Stable Species, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China.|Department of Materials Science and Engineering, College of Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China.
Yanfeng
Y
Zhang
Center for Nanochemistry (CNC), Beijing Science and Engineering Research Center for Nanocarbons, Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, State Key Laboratory for Structural Chemistry of Unstable and Stable Species, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China.
Zhongfan
Z
Liu