Preconditioning of Human Mesenchymal Stem Cells to Enhance Their Regulation of the Immune Response.
Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have attracted the attention of researchers and clinicians for their ability to differentiate into a number of cell types, participate in tissue regeneration, and repair the damaged tissues by producing various growth factors and cytokines, as well as their unique immunoprivilege in alloreactive hosts. The immunomodulatory functions of exogenous MSCs have been widely investigated in immune-mediated inflammatory diseases and transplantation research. However, a harsh environment at the site of tissue injury/inflammation with insufficient oxygen supply, abundance of reactive oxygen species, and presence of other harmful molecules that damage the adoptively transferred cells collectively lead to low survival and engraftment of the transferred cells. Preconditioning of MSCsex vivoby hypoxia, inflammatory stimulus, or other factors/conditions prior to their use in therapy is an adaptive strategy that prepares MSCs to survive in the harsh environment and to enhance their regulatory function of the local immune responses. This review focuses on a number of approaches in preconditioning human MSCs with the goal of augmenting their capacity to regulate both innate and adaptive immune responses.
Department of Biomedical Sciences, Nazarbayev University School of Medicine, Astana 010000, Kazakhstan.
Arman
0000-0002-4407-1236
A
Saparov
Stem Cell Laboratory, National Center for Biotechnology, Astana 010000, Kazakhstan.
Vyacheslav
V
Ogay
Center for Life Sciences, Nazarbayev University, Astana 010000, Kazakhstan.
Talgat
T
Nurgozhin
Division of Cardiology, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA.
Medet
M
Jumabay
Research Laboratory of Electronics and Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA.
William C W
0000-0002-6891-3557
WC
Chen