Prevalence of Body Dysmorphic Disorder and its Association With Body Features in Female Medical Students.
BACKGROUND
Body dysmorphic disorder (BDD) is a distressing psychiatric disorder. So far there have not been any studies on BDD in Saudi Arabia.


OBJECTIVE
The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of body dysmorphic disorder in female medical students and to investigate whether there is an association between BDD and body features of concern, social anxiety and symptoms of BDD.


METHODS
A cross sectional study was carried out on female medical students of the college of medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia during January to April, 2015. Data were collected using the body image disturbance questionnaire, Body dysmorphic disorder symptomatology and social interaction anxiety scale. Descriptive statistics, bivariate and multivariate analysis were used to analyze the results.


RESULTS
Out of 365 students who filled out the questionnaire, 4.4% (95% confidence intervals (CI): 2.54% to 7.04%) were positive for BDD with skin (75%) and fat (68.8%) as the most frequent body features of concern. Ten features (skin, fat, chest, hips, buttocks, arms, legs, lips, fingers, and shoulders) out of twenty-six were significantly associated with BDD. Arms and chest were independently associated with BDD. The odds of presence of body concern related to "arms" was 4.3 (95% C.I: 1.5, 12.1) times more in BDD subjects than non-BDD subjects, while concern about "chest" was 3.8 (1.3, 10.9) times more when compared to non-BDD subjects. No statistically significant association was observed between BDD and social anxiety (P = 0.13).


CONCLUSIONS
This was the first study conducted in Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (KSA) on female medical students, which quantified the prevalence of BDD and identified the body features associated with it. Body dysmorphic disorder is prevalent in female medical students but it is relatively rare and an unnoticed disorder.
Prince Sattam Chair for Epidemiology and Public Health Chair, Department of Family & Community Medicine, College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.
Shaik
S
Shaffi Ahamed
Prince Sattam Chair for Epidemiology and Public Health Chair, Department of Family & Community Medicine, College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.
Jawaher
J
Enani
Prince Sattam Chair for Epidemiology and Public Health Chair, Department of Family & Community Medicine, College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.
Lama
L
Alfaraidi
Prince Sattam Chair for Epidemiology and Public Health Chair, Department of Family & Community Medicine, College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.
Lujain
L
Sannari
Prince Sattam Chair for Epidemiology and Public Health Chair, Department of Family & Community Medicine, College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.
Rihaf
R
Algain
Prince Sattam Chair for Epidemiology and Public Health Chair, Department of Family & Community Medicine, College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.
Zainah
Z
Alsawah
Prince Sattam Chair for Epidemiology and Public Health Chair, Department of Family & Community Medicine, College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.
Ali
A
Al Hazmi
Body Dysmorphic Disorder; Female Medical Students; Social Anxiety