The "in and out" of glucosamine 6-O-sulfation: the 6th sense of heparan sulfate.
The biological properties of Heparan sulfate (HS) polysaccharides essentially rely on their ability to bind and modulate a multitude of protein ligands. These interactions involve internal oligosaccharide sequences defined by their sulfation patterns. Amongst these, the 6-O-sulfation of HS contributes significantly to the polysaccharide structural diversity and is critically involved in the binding of many proteins. HS 6-O-sulfation is catalyzed by 6-O-sulfotransferases (6OSTs) during biosynthesis, and it is further modified by the post-synthetic action of 6-O-endosulfatases (Sulfs), two enzyme families that remain poorly characterized. The aim of the present review is to summarize the contribution of 6-O-sulfates in HS structure/function relationships and to discuss the present knowledge on the complex mechanisms regulating HS 6-O-sulfation.
University Grenoble Alpes, IBS, F-38044, Grenoble, France.|CNRS, IBS, F-38044, Grenoble, France.|CEA, IBS, F-38044, Grenoble, France.
Rana
R
El Masri
University Grenoble Alpes, IBS, F-38044, Grenoble, France.|CNRS, IBS, F-38044, Grenoble, France.|CEA, IBS, F-38044, Grenoble, France.
Amal
A
Seffouh
University Grenoble Alpes, IBS, F-38044, Grenoble, France.|CNRS, IBS, F-38044, Grenoble, France.|CEA, IBS, F-38044, Grenoble, France.
Hugues
H
Lortat-Jacob
University Grenoble Alpes, IBS, F-38044, Grenoble, France. romain.vives@ibs.fr.|CNRS, IBS, F-38044, Grenoble, France. romain.vives@ibs.fr.|CEA, IBS, F-38044, Grenoble, France. romain.vives@ibs.fr.
Romain R
RR
Vivès
D000818:Animals; D002236:Carbohydrate Conformation; D002240:Carbohydrate Sequence; D016207:Cytokines / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000378:metabolism; D005944:Glucosamine / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism; D006497:Heparan Sulfate / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D036341:Intercellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000378:metabolism; D009419:Nerve Tissue Proteins / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000378:metabolism; D011485:Protein Binding; D013329:Structure-Activity Relationship; D013431:Sulfates / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000378:metabolism; D015238:Sulfotransferases / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism
D016207:Cytokines; D005944:Glucosamine; D006497:Heparan Sulfate; D036341:Intercellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins; D009419:Nerve Tissue Proteins; D013431:Sulfates; D015238:Sulfotransferases; C046905:glucosamine 6-O-sulfate
Biosynthesis; Glycosaminoglycan; Interaction; Structure/function relationships; Sulfatase