Prevalence of Human Papillomavirus in Self-Collected Cervicovaginal Swabs in Young Women in the United States Between 2003 and 2012.
To evaluate whether there was a change in prevalence of human papillomavirus (HPV) in the United States correlated with the introduction of HPV vaccines in both vaccinated and unvaccinated women.



We performed a retrospective review of prevalence data for women aged 18-29 years living in the United States using the National Health and Nutrition Examination Surveys, which is an ongoing series of cross-sectional surveys. Participants provided responses to standardized questions and self-collected cervicovaginal swabs in which a Linear Array HPV Assay was used to determine HPV prevalence. A total of 783 women from the prevaccine era (2003-2004) and 1,526 from the postvaccine era (2007-2012) were analyzed.



Among women aged 18-29 years, the prevalence of vaccine-type HPV declined among women receiving one or more doses of vaccine (P=.003): 10.1% (95% confidence interval [CI] 7.1-13.8%) in the prevaccine era to 4.2% (95% CI 3.3-10.9%) in the postvaccine era. There was no change in prevalence of nonvaccine-type HPV among women receiving one or more doses of vaccine (P>.05). There was also no change in prevalence of vaccine-type HPV among unvaccinated women from the prevaccine era 10.1% (95% CI 7.1-13.8%) to 8.8% (95% CI 5.6-12.9%) in the postvaccine era (P=.4). Vaccine coverage increased to 31.5% of eligible women aged 18-29 years as of 2011-2012.



Six years after introduction of HPV vaccination in the United States, there has been a decrease in the prevalence of vaccine-type HPV among women correlated with receiving one or more vaccine doses with no change in nonvaccine-type HPV. Furthermore, there has been no change in prevalence of vaccine-type HPV among unvaccinated women.
Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Division of Gynecologic Oncology, and the Department of Clinical Investigation, Womack Army Medical Center, Fort Bragg, North Carolina.
Christopher M
CM
Tarney
John
J
Klaric
Thomas
T
Beltran
Megan
M
Pagan
Jasmine
J
Han
D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D052685:Alphapapillomavirus / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D002584:Cervix Uteri / Q000821:virology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D009749:Nutrition Surveys; D030361:Papillomavirus Infections / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000517:prevention & control; D053918:Papillomavirus Vaccines; D015995:Prevalence; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012648:Self Care; D014481:United States / Q000453:epidemiology; D014621:Vagina / Q000821:virology*; D055815:Young Adult
D053918:Papillomavirus Vaccines