Frequently asked questions about chlorophyll fluorescence, the sequel.
Using chlorophyll (Chl) a fluorescence many aspects of the photosynthetic apparatus can be studied, both in vitro and, noninvasively, in vivo. Complementary techniques can help to interpret changes in the Chl a fluorescence kinetics. Kalaji et al. (Photosynth Res 122:121-158, 2014a) addressed several questions about instruments, methods and applications based on Chl a fluorescence. Here, additional Chl a fluorescence-related topics are discussed again in a question and answer format. Examples are the effect of connectivity on photochemical quenching, the correction of FV/FMvalues for PSI fluorescence, the energy partitioning concept, the interpretation of the complementary area, probing the donor side of PSII, the assignment of bands of 77 K fluorescence emission spectra to fluorescence emitters, the relationship between prompt and delayed fluorescence, potential problems when sampling tree canopies, the use of fluorescence parameters in QTL studies, the use of Chl a fluorescence in biosensor applications and the application of neural network approaches for the analysis of fluorescence measurements. The answers draw on knowledge from different Chl a fluorescence analysis domains, yielding in several cases new insights.
Department of Plant Physiology, Faculty of Agriculture and Biology, Warsaw University of Life Sciences - SGGW, Nowoursynowska 159, 02-776, Warsaw, Poland. hazem@kalaji.pl.
Hazem M
HM
Kalaji
, Wesemlinstrasse 58, 6006, Lucerne, Switzerland. gert.schansker@gmail.com.
Gert
G
Schansker
Department of Plant Physiology, Slovak Agricultural University, Tr. A. Hlinku 2, 949 76, Nitra, Slovak Republic.
Marian
M
Brestic
Department of Agricultural, Food and Environmental Sciences, University of Florence, Piazzale delle Cascine 28, 50144, Florence, Italy.
Filippo
F
Bussotti
Departamento de Horticultura, Instituto Valenciano de Investigaciones Agrarias, Ctra. Moncada-Náquera Km 4.5., 46113, Moncada, Valencia, Spain.
Angeles
A
Calatayud
Department of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, University of Ferrara, Corso Ercole I d'Este, 32, 44121, Ferrara, Italy.
Lorenzo
L
Ferroni
Department of Biophysics and Radiobiology, Faculty of Biology, St. Kliment Ohridski University of Sofia, 8 Dr.Tzankov Blvd., 1164, Sofia, Bulgaria.
Vasilij
V
Goltsev
Department of Agriculture, Food and Environment, Via del Borghetto, 80, 56124, Pisa, Italy.
Lucia
L
Guidi
School of Life Sciences, Devi Ahilya University, Indore, M.P., 452 001, India.
Anjana
A
Jajoo
State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, China.
Pengmin
P
Li
Consiglio per la ricerca in agricoltura e l'analisi dell'economia agraria [Research Unit for Agriculture in Dry Environments], 70125, Bari, Italy.
Pasquale
P
Losciale
Department of Biotechnology, Doon (P.G.) College of Agriculture Science, Dehradun, Uttarakhand, 248001, India.
Vinod K
VK
Mishra
Centre for Life Sciences, Central University of Jharkhand, Ratu-Lohardaga Road, Ranchi, 835205, India.
Amarendra N
AN
Misra
Departamento de Producción vegetal, Universitat Politècnica de València, Camino de Vera sn., 46022, Valencia, Spain.
Sergio G
SG
Nebauer
Department of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, University of Ferrara, Corso Ercole I d'Este, 32, 44121, Ferrara, Italy.
Simonetta
S
Pancaldi
Departamento de Horticultura, Instituto Valenciano de Investigaciones Agrarias, Ctra. Moncada-Náquera Km 4.5., 46113, Moncada, Valencia, Spain.
Consuelo
C
Penella
Department of Agricultural, Food and Environmental Sciences, University of Florence, Piazzale delle Cascine 28, 50144, Florence, Italy.
Martina
M
Pollastrini
ICAR - Indian Institute of Oil Palm Research, Pedavegi, West Godavari Dt., Andhra Pradesh, 534 450, India.
Kancherla
K
Suresh
Institute of Plant Physiology, INFIVE (Universidad Nacional de La Plata - Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas), Diagonal 113 N°495, CC 327, La Plata, Argentina.
Eduardo
E
Tambussi
Institute of Plant Physiology, INFIVE (Universidad Nacional de La Plata - Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas), Diagonal 113 N°495, CC 327, La Plata, Argentina.
Marcos
M
Yanniccari
Department of Plant Physiology, Slovak Agricultural University, Tr. A. Hlinku 2, 949 76, Nitra, Slovak Republic.
Marek
M
Zivcak
Department of Plant Physiology, Faculty of Agriculture and Biology, Warsaw University of Life Sciences - SGGW, Nowoursynowska 159, 02-776, Warsaw, Poland.
Magdalena D
MD
Cetner
Department of Plant Physiology, Faculty of Agriculture and Biology, Warsaw University of Life Sciences - SGGW, Nowoursynowska 159, 02-776, Warsaw, Poland.
Izabela A
IA
Samborska
, 204 Anne Burras Lane, Newport News, VA, 23606, USA.
Alexandrina
A
Stirbet
Department of Plant Physiology, Slovak University of Agriculture, A. Hlinku 2, 94976, Nitra, Slovak Republic.
Katarina
K
Olsovska
Department of Plant Physiology, Slovak University of Agriculture, A. Hlinku 2, 94976, Nitra, Slovak Republic.
Kristyna
K
Kunderlikova
Department of Plant Anatomy and Cytology, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Silesia, ul. Jagiellońska 28, 40-032, Katowice, Poland.
Henry
H
Shelonzek
Institute for Ecology of Industrial Areas, Kossutha 6, 40-844, Katowice, Poland.
Szymon
S
Rusinowski
Department of Plant Ecology, Institute of Botany, Jagiellonian University, Lubicz 46, 31-512, Kraków, Poland.
Wojciech
W
Bąba
D015374:Biosensing Techniques; D002734:Chlorophyll / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000378:metabolism*; D000077194:Chlorophyll A; D018556:Crops, Agricultural; D045346:Cytochrome b6f Complex / Q000378:metabolism; D045347:Cytochromes b6 / Q000378:metabolism; D004579:Electron Transport; D005453:Fluorescence; D006540:Herbicides / Q000633:toxicity; D008027:Light; D045331:Photosystem I Protein Complex / Q000378:metabolism; D045332:Photosystem II Protein Complex / Q000378:metabolism; D013312:Stress, Physiological; D013696:Temperature; D014197:Trees
D045347:Cytochromes b6; D006540:Herbicides; D045331:Photosystem I Protein Complex; D045332:Photosystem II Protein Complex; D002734:Chlorophyll; D045346:Cytochrome b6f Complex; D000077194:Chlorophyll A
Area; Chl a fluorescence; Delayed fluorescence; Energy partitioning; Photochemical quenching