Prevalence of psychological symptoms among adults with sickle cell disease in Korle-Bu Teaching Hospital, Ghana.
BACKGROUND
Previous research revealed high prevalence of psychological symptoms among sickle cell disease (SCD) patients in the West and Europe. In some Black SCD populations such as Nigeria and Jamaica, anxiety and depression had low prevalence rates compared to Europe. With difficulty locating research data on the prevalence of psychological symptoms in Ghana, this study aimed at exploring psychological symptoms among adults with SCD in a Teaching Hospital in Accra, Ghana.


METHODS
Two hundred and one participants (males 102 and females 99) who were HbSS (n = 131) and HbSC (n = 70), aged 18 years and above were purposively recruited. Using the Brief Symptom Inventory (BSI) in a cross-sectional survey, the research answered questions about the prevalence of psychological symptoms. It also examined gender and genotype differences in psychological symptoms scores.


RESULTS
Results indicated that adults with SCD had non-distress psychological symptoms scores. Although paranoid ideation as a psychological symptom indicated "a little bit" score, its prevalence was only 1 %. The prevalence of psychological symptoms as indexed by the Positive Symptom Total (PST) was 10 %. Anxiety, hostility, and depression were psychological symptoms with low scores. Furthermore, except psychoticism scores, males did not differ significantly from females in other psychological symptoms. On the contrary, HbSS participants differed significantly, reporting more psychological symptoms than their HbSC counterparts.


CONCLUSIONS
The study concluded that there was low prevalence of psychological symptoms among adults with SCD in this Ghanaian study. Although psychological symptoms distress scores were not observed among study participants at this time, females differed significantly by experiencing more psychoticism symptoms than males. HbSS participants also differed significantly by experiencing more depression, phobic anxiety, paranoid ideation, psychoticism, and additional symptoms such as poor appetite, trouble falling asleep, thoughts of dying, and feeling guilty, than their HbSC counterparts. Implications for further study and clinical practice were discussed.
Department of Psychological Medicine and Mental Health, School of Medical Sciences, University of Cape Coast, Cape Coast, Ghana. m.t.anim@uccsms.edu.gh.|Department of Psychological Medicine and Mental Health, School of Medical Sciences, College of Health and Allied Sciences, University of Cape Coast, Cape Coast, Ghana. m.t.anim@uccsms.edu.gh.
Michael Tetteh
MT
Anim
Department of Psychology, University of Ghana, Legon, Ghana.
Joseph
J
Osafo
Department of Psychological Medicine and Mental Health, School of Medical Sciences, University of Cape Coast, Cape Coast, Ghana.
Felix
F
Yirdong
D000755:Anemia, Sickle Cell / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000235:genetics / Q000523:psychology*; D015897:Comorbidity; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D005260:Female; D005838:Genotype; D005869:Ghana / Q000453:epidemiology; D006784:Hospitals, Teaching; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D015995:Prevalence; D012737:Sex Factors
Chronic disease; Ghana; Prevalence; Psychological distress; Psychological symptoms; Sickle cell disease