Novel rechargeable calcium phosphate nanoparticle-containing orthodontic cement.
White spot lesions (WSLs), due to enamel demineralization, occur frequently in orthodontic treatment. We recently developed a novel rechargeable dental composite containing nanoparticles of amorphous calcium phosphate (NACP) with long-term calcium (Ca) and phosphate (P) ion release and caries-inhibiting capability. The objectives of this study were to develop the first NACP-rechargeable orthodontic cement and investigate the effects of recharge duration and frequency on the efficacy of ion re-release. The rechargeable cement consisted of pyromellitic glycerol dimethacrylate (PMGDM) and ethoxylated bisphenol A dimethacrylate (EBPADMA). NACP was mixed into the resin at 40% by mass. Specimens were tested for orthodontic bracket shear bond strength (SBS) to enamel, Ca and P ion initial release, recharge and re-release. The new orthodontic cement exhibited an SBS similar to commercial orthodontic cement without CaP release (P>0.1). Specimens after one recharge treatment (e.g., 1 min immersion in recharge solution repeating three times in one day, referred to as "1 min 3 times") exhibited a substantial and continuous re-release of Ca and P ions for 14 days without further recharge. The ion re-release did not decrease with increasing the number of recharge/re-release cycles (P>0.1). The ion re-release concentrations at 14 days versus various recharge treatments were as follows: 1 min 3 times>3 min 2 times>1 min 2 times>6 min 1 time>3 min 1 time>1 min 1 time. In conclusion, although previous studies have shown that NACP nanocomposite remineralized tooth lesions and inhibited caries, the present study developed the first orthodontic cement with Ca and P ion recharge and long-term release capability. This NACP-rechargeable orthodontic cement is a promising therapy to inhibit enamel demineralization and WSLs around orthodontic brackets.
Department of Orthodontics, School of Stomatology, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.|Biomaterials and Tissue Engineering Division, Department of Endodontics, Periodontics and Prosthodontics, University of Maryland Dental School, Baltimore, USA.
Xian-Ju
XJ
Xie
Biomaterials and Tissue Engineering Division, Department of Endodontics, Periodontics and Prosthodontics, University of Maryland Dental School, Baltimore, USA.|Department of Dentistry, China Rehabilitation Research Center, Beijing, China.
Dan
D
Xing
Biomaterials and Tissue Engineering Division, Department of Endodontics, Periodontics and Prosthodontics, University of Maryland Dental School, Baltimore, USA.|VIP Integrated Department, Stomatological Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China.
Lin
L
Wang
Biomaterials and Tissue Engineering Division, Department of Endodontics, Periodontics and Prosthodontics, University of Maryland Dental School, Baltimore, USA.
Han
H
Zhou
Biomaterials and Tissue Engineering Division, Department of Endodontics, Periodontics and Prosthodontics, University of Maryland Dental School, Baltimore, USA.
Michael D
MD
Weir
Department of Orthodontics, School of Stomatology, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.
Yu-Xing
YX
Bai
Biomaterials and Tissue Engineering Division, Department of Endodontics, Periodontics and Prosthodontics, University of Maryland Dental School, Baltimore, USA.|Center for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, USA.|Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Maryland, Baltimore County, USA.
Hockin Hk
HH
Xu
D001565:Benzoates / Q000737:chemistry*; D017438:Bisphenol A-Glycidyl Methacrylate / Q000737:chemistry*; D002130:Calcium Phosphates / Q000737:chemistry*; D003738:Dental Cements / Q000737:chemistry*; D006801:Humans; D066298:In Vitro Techniques; D008422:Materials Testing; D008689:Methacrylates / Q000737:chemistry*; D053758:Nanoparticles; D016910:Orthodontic Brackets / Q000009:adverse effects; D033081:Shear Strength; D014089:Tooth Remineralization / Q000379:methods*
D001565:Benzoates; D002130:Calcium Phosphates; D003738:Dental Cements; D008689:Methacrylates; C080129:pyromellitic dianhydride glycerol dimethacrylate adduct; C074277:ethoxylated bis-phenol A dimethacrylate; D017438:Bisphenol A-Glycidyl Methacrylate; C005044:hydroxyethyl methacrylate