Subcritical water oxidation of 6-aminopenicillanic acid and cloxacillin using H2O2, K2S2O8, and O2.
This study was undertaken to investigate the degradation of 6-aminopenicillanic acid (6-APA) and cloxacillin in aqueous solution by the combined effect of subcritical water and the oxidising agents O2, H2O2, and K2S2O8. Nano ZnO was used as a solid catalyst. Response surface methodology was used to determine the optimum experimental parameters (temperature, treatment time, and concentration of oxidising agent). For 6-APA, the maximum organic carbon (TOC) removal rates of 83.54%, 81.11% and 42.42% were obtained using H2O2, K2S2O8, and O2, respectively. For cloxacillin, the maximum TOC removal rates of 67.69%, 76.02% and 14.45% were obtained using H2O2, K2S2O8, and O2, respectively. Additionally, the impact of nano and commercial ZnO on TOC removal rates was determined. Secondary ions produced during the degradation process-such as nitrite, nitrate, sulphate and chloride-were determined using ion chromatography.
a Department of Chemistry , Faculty of Arts and Science, Mersin University , Mersin , Turkey.
Erdal
E
Yabalak
b Department of Analytical Chemistry , Faculty of Pharmacy, Mersin University , Mersin , Turkey.
H Ali
HA
Döndaş
a Department of Chemistry , Faculty of Arts and Science, Mersin University , Mersin , Turkey.
Ahmet Murat
AM
Gizir
D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents / Q000737:chemistry*; D003023:Cloxacillin / Q000737:chemistry*; D052918:Environmental Restoration and Remediation; D006801:Humans; D006861:Hydrogen Peroxide / Q000737:chemistry; D006863:Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; D007475:Ion Exchange Resins; D010084:Oxidation-Reduction; D010397:Penicillanic Acid / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000737:chemistry; D013431:Sulfates / Q000737:chemistry; D013696:Temperature; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical / Q000737:chemistry*; D018508:Water Purification / Q000379:methods
D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents; D007475:Ion Exchange Resins; D013431:Sulfates; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical; D010397:Penicillanic Acid; D006861:Hydrogen Peroxide; D003023:Cloxacillin; C004408:aminopenicillanic acid
ANOVA; degradation; nano ZnO; response surface methodology; total organic carbon removal