Haemostatic resuscitation in trauma: the next generation.
To discuss the recent developments in and evolvement of next generation haemostatic resuscitation in bleeding trauma.



Mortality from major trauma is a worldwide problem, and massive haemorrhage remains a major cause of potentially preventable deaths. Development of coagulopathy further increases trauma mortality emphasizing that coagulopathy is a key target in the phase of bleeding. The pathophysiology of coagulopathy in trauma reflects at least three distinct mechanisms that may be present isolated or coexist: acute traumatic coagulopathy, coagulopathy associated with the lethal triad, and consumptive coagulopathy. The concepts of 'damage control surgery' and 'damage control resuscitation' have been developed to ensure early control of bleeding and coagulopathy to improve outcome in bleeding trauma. Haemostatic resuscitation aims at controlling coagulopathy and consists of a ratio driven strategy aiming at 1 : 1 : 1, using tranexamic acid according to CRASH-2, and applying haemostatic monitoring enabling a switch to a goal-directed approach when bleeding slows. Haemostatic resuscitation is the mainstay of trauma resuscitation and is associated with improved survival.



The next generation of haemostatic resuscitation aims at applying a ratio 1 : 1 : 1 driven strategy while using antifibrinolytics, haemostatic monitoring and avoiding critical fibrinogen deficiency by substitution.
aSection for Transfusion Medicine, Capital Region Blood Bank, Copenhagen University Hospital, Rigshospitalet, DenmarkbDepartment of Anaesthesia, Centre of Head and Orthopedics, Copenhagen University Hospital, Rigshospitalet, DenmarkcDepartment of Surgery, Division of Acute Care Surgery, Centre for Translational Injury Research (CeTIR), University of Texas Medical School at Houston, Texas, USAdCentre for Systems Biology, The School of Engineering and Natural Sciences, University of Iceland, Iceland.
Jakob
J
Stensballe
Sisse R
SR
Ostrowski
Pär I
PI
Johansson
D001778:Blood Coagulation Disorders / Q000150:complications / Q000628:therapy*; D006470:Hemorrhage; D006487:Hemostasis; D006490:Hemostatics; D006801:Humans; D012151:Resuscitation / Q000379:methods*; D014947:Wounds and Injuries / Q000628:therapy*
D006490:Hemostatics