Cardiogenic shock in pregnancy: Analysis from the National Inpatient Sample.
OBJECTIVE
Cardiogenic shock (CS) may occur during pregnancy and dramatically worsen peripartum outcomes.


METHODS
We analyzed the National Inpatient Sample from 2002 to 2013 to describe the incidence of, risk factors for and outcomes of CS during pregnancy.


RESULTS
Of the 53,794,192 hospitalizations analyzed, 2044 were complicated by CS. The mortality rate in peripartum women with CS was 18.81% versus 0.02% without. It occurs more often during postpartum (58.83%) as compared with delivery (23.47%) or antepartum (17.70%) hospitalizations. Factors associated with CS -related death included cardiac arrest, renal failure, and sepsis.


CONCLUSIONS
CS during pregnancy occurs more commonly in the postpartum period and is associated with a high mortality.
a Department of Anesthesia and Critical Care , University of Chicago , Chicago , Illinois , USA.
Jennifer
J
Banayan
b Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology , University of Chicago , Chicago , Illinois , USA.
Sarosh
S
Rana
c Department of Anesthesia, Critical Care and Pain Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center , Harvard Medical School , Boston , Massachusetts , USA.
Ariel
A
Mueller
a Department of Anesthesia and Critical Care , University of Chicago , Chicago , Illinois , USA.
Avery
A
Tung
b Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology , University of Chicago , Chicago , Illinois , USA.
Hadi
H
Ramadan
d Department of Cardiology, Perelman School of Medicine , University of Pennsylvania , Philadelphia , Pennsylvania , USA.
Zoltan
Z
Arany
a Department of Anesthesia and Critical Care , University of Chicago , Chicago , Illinois , USA.
Junaid
J
Nizamuddin
c Department of Anesthesia, Critical Care and Pain Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center , Harvard Medical School , Boston , Massachusetts , USA.|e Clinical Research Center , Soroka University Medical Center , Beer-Sheva , Israel.
Victor
V
Novack
a Department of Anesthesia and Critical Care , University of Chicago , Chicago , Illinois , USA.
Barbara
B
Scavone
f Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Intermountain Medical Center , University of Utah School of Medicine , Salt Lake City , Utah , USA.
Samuel M
http://orcid.org/0000-0003-1206-6261
SM
Brown
a Department of Anesthesia and Critical Care , University of Chicago , Chicago , Illinois , USA.
Sajid
S
Shahul
D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D015994:Incidence; D008875:Middle Aged; D011247:Pregnancy; D011248:Pregnancy Complications / Q000401:mortality*; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012307:Risk Factors; D012770:Shock, Cardiogenic / Q000401:mortality*; D014481:United States / Q000453:epidemiology; D055815:Young Adult
Cardiogenic shock; extracorporeal membrane oxygenation; incidence; maternal mortality; pregnancy