Anti-Inflammatory Potential of Ethyl Acetate Fraction of Moringa oleifera in Downregulating the NF-κB Signaling Pathway in Lipopolysaccharide-Stimulated Macrophages.
In the present investigation, we prepared four different solvent fractions (chloroform, hexane, butanol, and ethyl acetate) ofMoringa oleiferaextract to evaluate its anti-inflammatory potential and cellular mechanism of action in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced RAW264.7 cells. Cell cytotoxicity assay suggested that the solvent fractions were not cytotoxic to macrophages at concentrations up to 200 µg/mL. The ethyl acetate fraction suppressed LPS-induced production of nitric oxide and proinflammatory cytokines in macrophages in a concentration-dependent manner and was more effective than the other fractions. Immunoblot observations revealed that the ethyl acetate fraction effectively inhibited the expression of inflammatory mediators including cyclooxygenase-2, inducible nitric oxide synthase, and nuclear factor (NF)-κB p65 through suppression of the NF-κB signaling pathway. Furthermore, it upregulated the expression of the inhibitor of κB (IκBα) and blocked the nuclear translocation of NF-κB. These findings indicated that the ethyl acetate fraction ofM. oleiferaexhibited potent anti-inflammatory activity in LPS-stimulated macrophages via suppression of the NF-κB signaling pathway.
Laboratory of Vaccines and Immunotherapeutics, Institute of Bioscience, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Selangor, Malaysia. arulbio@gmail.com.
Palanisamy
P
Arulselvan
Laboratory of Vaccines and Immunotherapeutics, Institute of Bioscience, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Selangor, Malaysia. wansen.0801@gmail.com.
Woan Sean
WS
Tan
Laboratory of Vaccines and Immunotherapeutics, Institute of Bioscience, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Selangor, Malaysia. gothai_86@yahoo.com.
Sivapragasam
S
Gothai
Laboratory of Vaccines and Immunotherapeutics, Institute of Bioscience, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Selangor, Malaysia. katyakyini_2708@hotmail.com.
Katyakyini
K
Muniandy
Laboratory of Vaccines and Immunotherapeutics, Institute of Bioscience, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Selangor, Malaysia. sharida.fakurazi@gmail.com.|Department of Human Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Selangor, Malaysia. sharida.fakurazi@gmail.com.
Sharida
S
Fakurazi
Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Selangor, Malaysia. nhaizan@upm.edu.my.
Norhaizan Mohd
NM
Esa
Department of Botany and Microbiology, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia. aalarfajj@ksu.edu.sa.
Abdullah A
AA
Alarfaj
Department of Medical Microbiology and Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Selangor, Malaysia. sureshkudsc@gmail.com.
S Suresh
SS
Kumar
D000085:Acetates / Q000737:chemistry*; D000818:Animals; D015536:Down-Regulation / Q000187:drug effects*; D008070:Lipopolysaccharides / Q000633:toxicity*; D051379:Mice; D029588:Moringa oleifera / Q000737:chemistry*; D016328:NF-kappa B / Q000378:metabolism*; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology; D000067996:RAW 264.7 Cells; D015398:Signal Transduction / Q000187:drug effects*
D000085:Acetates; D008070:Lipopolysaccharides; D016328:NF-kappa B; D010936:Plant Extracts; C007650:ethyl acetate
IκBα; RAW264.7 cells; inflammation; inflammatory mediators; proinflammatory cytokines