PM2.5pollution from household solid fuel burning practices in Central India: 2. Application of receptor models for source apportionment.
USEPA's UNMIX, positive matrix factorization (PMF) and effective variance-chemical mass balance (EV-CMB) receptor models were applied to chemically speciated profiles of 125 indoor PM2.5measurements, sampled longitudinally during 2012-2013 in low-income group households of Central India which uses solid fuels for cooking practices. Three step source apportionment studies were carried out to generate more confident source characterization. Firstly, UNMIX6.0 extracted initial number of source factors, which were used to execute PMF5.0 to extract source-factor profiles in second step. Finally, factor analog locally derived source profiles were supplemented to EV-CMB8.2 with indoor receptor PM2.5chemical profile to evaluate source contribution estimates (SCEs). The results of combined use of three receptor models clearly describe that UNMIX and PMF are useful tool to extract types of source categories within small receptor dataset and EV-CMB can pick those locally derived source profiles for source apportionment which are analog to PMF-extracted source categories. The source apportionment results have also shown three fold higher relative contribution of solid fuel burning emissions to indoor PM2.5compared to those measurements reported for normal households with LPG stoves. The previously reported influential source marker species were found to be comparatively similar to those extracted from PMF fingerprint plots. The comparison between PMF and CMB SCEs results were also found to be qualitatively similar. The performance fit measures of all three receptor models were cross-verified and validated and support each other to gain confidence in source apportionment results.
School of Studies in Chemistry, Pt. Ravishankar Shukla University, Raipur, Chattisgarh, 492010, India.|Directorate of Geology and Mining, Chhattisgarh, Regional Laboratory, Jagdalpur, Chattisgarh, 494001, India.
Jeevan Lal
JL
Matawle
School of Studies in Chemistry, Pt. Ravishankar Shukla University, Raipur, Chattisgarh, 492010, India. shamshpervez@gmail.com.
Shamsh
S
Pervez
School of Studies in Chemistry, Pt. Ravishankar Shukla University, Raipur, Chattisgarh, 492010, India.
Manas Kanti
MK
Deb
National Environmental Engineering Research Institute, Nehru Marg, Nagpur, Maharashtra, 440020, India.
Anjali
A
Shrivastava
Indian Institute of Tropical and Meteorology (IITM), New Delhi, India.
Suresh
S
Tiwari
D016902:Air Pollution, Indoor / Q000032:analysis*; D003296:Cooking; D066264:Datasets as Topic; D004784:Environmental Monitoring / Q000379:methods*; D005191:Family Characteristics; D005390:Fires; D007194:India; D008137:Longitudinal Studies; D008956:Models, Chemical; D052638:Particulate Matter / Q000032:analysis*; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D014505:Urban Population
D052638:Particulate Matter
Chemical mass balance (CMB); Indoor PM2.5; Positive matrix factorization (PMF); Solid fuel burning; Source apportionment; UNMIX