Assessment of Photodynamic Inactivation against Periodontal Bacteria Mediated by a Chitosan Hydrogel in a 3D Gingival Model.
Chitosan hydrogels containing hydroxypropyl methylcellulose (HPMC) and toluidine blue O were prepared and assessed for their mucoadhesive property and antimicrobial efficacy of photodynamic inactivation (PDI). Increased HPMC content in the hydrogels resulted in increased mucoadhesiveness. Furthermore, we developed a simple In Vitro 3D gingival model resembling the oral periodontal pocket to culture the biofilms ofStaphylococcus aureus(S. aureus),Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans(A. actinomycetemcomitans), andPorphyromonas gingivalis(P. gingivalis). The PDI efficacy of chitosan hydrogel was examined against periodontal biofilms cultured in this 3D gingival model. We found that the PDI effectiveness was limited due to leaving some of the innermost bacteria alive at the non-illuminated site. Using this 3D gingival model, we further optimized PDI procedures with various adjustments of light energy and irradiation sites. The PDI efficacy of the chitosan hydrogel against periodontal biofilms can significantly improve via four sides of irradiation. In conclusion, this study not only showed the clinical applicability of this chitosan hydrogel but also the importance of the light irradiation pattern in performing PDI for periodontal disease.
Department of Biochemical Science and Technology, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan. swaigod@hotmail.com.
Po-Chun
PC
Peng
Department of Cosmetic Science, Providence University, Taichung City 43301, Taiwan. chienming.hsieh@gmail.com.
Chien-Ming
CM
Hsieh
Department of Biochemical Science and Technology, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan. d00b22004@ntu.edu.tw.
Chueh-Pin
CP
Chen
Graduate Institute of Biomedical Materials and Tissue Engineering, College of Oral Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan. tmtsai00@gmail.com.
Tsuimin
T
Tsai
Department of Biochemical Science and Technology, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan. chintin@ntu.edu.tw.
Chin-Tin
CT
Chen
D016976:Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology / Q000528:radiation effects; D001424:Bacterial Infections / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000382:microbiology; D018441:Biofilms / Q000187:drug effects / Q000528:radiation effects; D048271:Chitosan / Q000737:chemistry*; D004307:Dose-Response Relationship, Radiation; D005881:Gingiva / Q000187:drug effects / Q000382:microbiology / Q000528:radiation effects; D005882:Gingival Diseases / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000382:microbiology; D006801:Humans; D020136:Hydrogel, Polyethylene Glycol Dimethacrylate / Q000737:chemistry / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D065347:Hypromellose Derivatives / Q000737:chemistry / Q000627:therapeutic use; D008027:Light; D008953:Models, Anatomic; D010514:Periodontal Pocket / Q000382:microbiology; D010778:Photochemotherapy / Q000379:methods*; D017319:Photosensitizing Agents / Q000737:chemistry / Q000627:therapeutic use; D016966:Porphyromonas gingivalis / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology / Q000528:radiation effects; D013211:Staphylococcus aureus / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology / Q000528:radiation effects; D014048:Tolonium Chloride / Q000737:chemistry / Q000627:therapeutic use; D016896:Treatment Outcome
D017319:Photosensitizing Agents; D014048:Tolonium Chloride; D020136:Hydrogel, Polyethylene Glycol Dimethacrylate; D065347:Hypromellose Derivatives; D048271:Chitosan
chitosan hydrogel; periodontal disease; photodynamic inactivation