Evaluation of Exhaust Emissions from Three Diesel-Hybrid Cars and Simulation of After-Treatment Systems for Ultralow Real-World NOxEmissions.
Hybridization offers great potential for decreasing pollutant and carbon dioxide emissions of diesel cars. However, an assessment of the real-world emissions performance of modern diesel hybrids is missing. Here, we test three diesel-hybrid cars on the road and benchmark our findings with two cars against tests on the chassis dynamometer and model simulations. The pollutant emissions of the two cars tested on the chassis dynamometer were in compliance with the relevant Euro standards over the New European Driving Cycle and Worldwide harmonized Light vehicles Test Procedure. On the road, all three diesel-hybrids exceeded the regulatory NOxlimits (average exceedance for all trips: +150% for the Volvo, +510% for the Peugeot, and +550% for the Mercedes-Benz) and also showed elevated on-road CO2emissions (average exceedance of certification values: +178, +77, and +52%, respectively). These findings point to a wide discrepancy between certified and on-road CO2and suggest that hybridization alone is insufficient to achieve low-NOxemissions of diesel powertrains. Instead, our simulation suggests that properly calibrated selective catalytic reduction filter and lean-NOxtrap after-treatment technologies can reduce the on-road NOxemissions to 0.023 and 0.068 g/km on average, respectively, well below the Euro 6 limit (0.080 g/km).
International Council on Clean Transportation Europe , Berlin 10178, Germany.
Vicente
V
Franco
Laboratory of Applied Thermodynamics, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki , Thessaloniki 54124, Greece.
Theodora
T
Zacharopoulou
TÜV Nord Mobilität , Essen 45138, Germany.
Jan
J
Hammer
TÜV Nord Mobilität , Essen 45138, Germany.
Helge
H
Schmidt
International Council on Clean Transportation Europe , Berlin 10178, Germany.
Peter
P
Mock
Sustainable Transport Unit, Directorate C - Energy, Transport, and Climate, Directorate-General Joint Research Centre, European Commission , Ispra 21010, Italy.
Martin
M
Weiss
Laboratory of Applied Thermodynamics, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki , Thessaloniki 54124, Greece.
Zissis
Z
Samaras
D000359:Aftercare; D000393:Air Pollutants; D001336:Automobiles; D005742:Gasoline; D018986:Motor Vehicles; D001335:Vehicle Emissions
D000393:Air Pollutants; D005742:Gasoline; D001335:Vehicle Emissions