Inhibitory effect ofActinidia argutaon mutagenesis, inflammation and two-stage mouse skin tumorigenesis.
BACKGROUND
Actinidia arguta, known as sarunashi in Japan, is a vine tree native to east-Asia, including Japan, that produces small fruit rich in anthocyanins, catechins, vitamin C, chlorophyll, beta-carotene and other polyphenols.


RESULTS
Our study revealed the inhibitory effect of the juice ofA. arguta(arguta-juice) toward the mutagenicity of food-derived carcinogens and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons using the Ames test, and antioxidant activity of arguta-juice as determined using a free radical scavenging assay. The formation of DNA adducts in liver of mice fed 2-amino-3,8-dimethylimidazo[4,5-f]quinoxaline (MeIQx) decreased significantly following administration of arguta-juice. The preventive effect of arguta-juice on the induction of inflammation of mouse ear by 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate (TPA) was revealed. The anti-carcinogenic effect of a topically applied partially purified fraction ofA. argutawas revealed on skin tumorigenesis in mice induced by treatment with 7,12-dimethylbenz(a)anthracene and TPA. In an effort to reveal the mechanisms for antimutagenicity of arguta-juice, effects on the enzymes that metabolize xenobiotics were examined. Combined effects comprising i) inhibition of the metabolic activation of mutagens with phase I enzymes, but ii) no prevention on the activity of phase II detoxification enzyme, UGT, were observed. We also investigated the characterization and partial purification of the antimutagenic components inA. arguta, which suggested that the components inA. argutaresponsible for the antimutagenicity were water-soluble, heat-labile phenolic compounds.


CONCLUSIONS
These results suggested that components inA. argutaare attractive candidates for potential use as chemopreventive agents.
Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tsushima, Okayama 700-8530 Japan.
Mari
M
Nishimura
Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tsushima, Okayama 700-8530 Japan.
Yuma
Y
Okimasu
Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University, Tsushima, Okayama 700-8530 Japan.
Naoko
N
Miyake
Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University, Tsushima, Okayama 700-8530 Japan.
Misako
M
Tada
Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University, Tsushima, Okayama 700-8530 Japan.
Ryoko
R
Hida
Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tsushima, Okayama 700-8530 Japan.
Tomoe
T
Negishi
Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tsushima, Okayama 700-8530 Japan.
Sakae
0000-0001-8909-7774
S
Arimoto-Kobayashi
Actinidia arguta; Antimutagenesis; Chemoprevention; DNA adduct; Enzyme inhibition; Radical scavenging; Skin cancer