Genetics of Congenital Heart Disease: Past and Present.
Congenital heart disease is the most common congenital anomaly, representing an important cause of infant morbidity and mortality. Congenital heart disease represents a group of heart anomalies that include septal defects, valve defects, and outflow tract anomalies. The exact genetic, epigenetic, or environmental basis of congenital heart disease remains poorly understood, although the exact mechanism is likely multifactorial. However, the development of new technologies including copy number variants, single-nucleotide polymorphism, next-generation sequencing are accelerating the detection of genetic causes of heart anomalies. Recent studies suggest a role of small non-coding RNAs, micro RNA, in congenital heart disease. The recently described epigenetic factors have also been found to contribute to cardiac morphogenesis. In this review, we present past and recent genetic discoveries in congenital heart disease.
Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases and Transplantation, Clinic of Pediatric Cardiology, University of Medicine and Pharmacy Tîrgu Mureş, 50 Gh Marinescu St, 540136, Tirgu Mures, Romania.
Iolanda
I
Muntean
Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases and Transplantation, Clinic of Pediatric Cardiology, University of Medicine and Pharmacy Tîrgu Mureş, 50 Gh Marinescu St, 540136, Tirgu Mures, Romania. rodicatoganel@yahoo.com.
Rodica
R
Togănel
Clinic of Cardiology, University of Medicine and Pharmacy Tîrgu Mureş, Tirgu Mures, Romania.
Theodora
T
Benedek
D000818:Animals; D044127:Epigenesis, Genetic; D006330:Heart Defects, Congenital / Q000196:embryology / Q000235:genetics*; D006801:Humans; D035683:MicroRNAs / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism; D038081:Organogenesis / Q000235:genetics*
D035683:MicroRNAs
Congenital heart disease; Copy number variants; Epigenetic; Micro RNA; Next-generation sequencing; Single-nucleotide polymorphism