Synergistic Effects of Danshen (Salvia Miltiorrhiza Radix et Rhizoma) and Sanqi (Notoginseng Radix et Rhizoma) Combination in Inhibiting Inflammation Mediators in RAW264.7 Cells.
Aims. This study aims to investigate the possible synergistic interactions of the Danshen-Sanqi combination on vascular disease via their anti-inflammatory activities.Methods. Nine combination ratios of Danshen-Sanqi extracts were screened in the RAW264.7 cell line and their anti-inflammatory effects were examined in lipopolysaccharide- (LPS-) induced nitric oxide (NO), tumor necrosis factor (TNF), and monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1) generation pathways. The interaction between Danshen and Sanqi on each target was analysed using combination index (CI) and isobologram models. Additionally, the anti-inflammatory activities of key bioactive compounds from Danshen and Sanqi were tested using the same models. The compounds from each herb that exerted the most potent activity were combined to evaluate their possible synergistic/antagonistic interactions.Results. Danshen-Sanqi 8 : 2 was found to be the optimal ratio and exerted a synergistic effect in inhibiting NO, TNF, and MCP-1 when the concentrations were higher than 1.24, 1.89, and 2.17 mg/mL, respectively. Although dihydrotanshinone I (DT) and ginsenoside Rd (Rd) from Danshen and Sanqi, respectively, exhibited the greatest individual bioactivity in the assays, antagonistic effects were observed for the DT-Rd combination 7 : 3.Conclusion. This study provided scientific evidence to support the traditional use of the Danshen-Sanqi combination for vascular disease through their synergistic interactions on anti-inflammatory pathways.
National Institute of Complementary Medicine (NICM), Western Sydney University, Locked Bag 1797, Penrith, NSW 2751, Australia.
Xian
0000-0001-8766-8158
X
Zhou
National Institute of Complementary Medicine (NICM), Western Sydney University, Locked Bag 1797, Penrith, NSW 2751, Australia; South Western Sydney Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia.
Valentina
V
Razmovski-Naumovski
National Institute of Complementary Medicine (NICM), Western Sydney University, Locked Bag 1797, Penrith, NSW 2751, Australia.
Dennis
0000-0002-6584-738X
D
Chang
National Institute of Complementary Medicine (NICM), Western Sydney University, Locked Bag 1797, Penrith, NSW 2751, Australia.
Chunguang
0000-0002-7789-2209
C
Li
Molecular Biology, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Avenue, Singapore 639798.
Antony
A
Kam
National Institute of Complementary Medicine (NICM), Western Sydney University, Locked Bag 1797, Penrith, NSW 2751, Australia.
Mitchell
M
Low
National Institute of Complementary Medicine (NICM), Western Sydney University, Locked Bag 1797, Penrith, NSW 2751, Australia.
Alan
0000-0002-7433-667X
A
Bensoussan
National Institute of Complementary Medicine (NICM), Western Sydney University, Locked Bag 1797, Penrith, NSW 2751, Australia; School of Pharmacy and Biomolecular Sciences, Liverpool John Moores University, James Parsons Building, Byrom Street, Liverpool L3 3AF, UK; Faculty of Sciences, TCM Division, University of Technology Sydney, Main Campus, P.O. Box 123, Broadway, NSW 2007, Australia.
Kelvin
K
Chan
D000818:Animals; D016207:Cytokines / Q000276:immunology; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D004338:Drug Combinations; D004357:Drug Synergism; D004365:Drugs, Chinese Herbal / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D007113:Immunity, Innate / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000276:immunology*; D007155:Immunologic Factors / Q000276:immunology; D018836:Inflammation Mediators / Q000276:immunology*; D051379:Mice; D000067996:RAW 264.7 Cells; D027561:Salvia miltiorrhiza / Q000737:chemistry*; D016896:Treatment Outcome
D016207:Cytokines; D004338:Drug Combinations; D004365:Drugs, Chinese Herbal; D007155:Immunologic Factors; D018836:Inflammation Mediators; C587496:sanqi