The Reliability and Discriminative Ability of the Overhead Squat Test for Observational Screening of Medial Knee Displacement.
The overhead squat test (OHS) is a functional screening exam that is used to identify high-risk movement profiles such as medial knee displacement (MKD). The reliability and discriminative ability of observational screening during the OHS to identify MKD have yet to be established.



To investigate the reliability and discriminative ability of observational screening for medial knee displacement MKD during the OHS.



Clinical measurement, cross sectional.



100 college students were video-recorded performing the OHS. Three certified athletic trainers classified the knee posture of each subject during the OHS on 2 different occasions using screening guidelines.



Ratings were evaluated by calculating kappa coefficients for intra- and interrater levels of agreements. MKD was measured using motion analysis.



Intrarater reliability ranged from .60-.76 with an average value of .70. Interrater reliability was substantial (kappa > .60) for both observation sessions (Fleiss kappa session 1 = .69, session 2 = .70). Sensitivity ranged was .58-.83, while specificity ranged was .70-.88. The MKD group displayed significantly more displacement than the no-MKD group (p < .001). There was a moderate positive correlation (r = .48, p < .001) between knee-posture group and MKD assessed using motion analysis.



The OHS has substantial reliability and is able to assess the presence of MKD. The OHS should be used as part of a comprehensive examination that evaluates multiple movement patterns and risk levels.
1 Dept of Kinesiology, University of Wisconsin - Madison, Madison, WI.
Eric G
EG
Post
1 Dept of Kinesiology, University of Wisconsin - Madison, Madison, WI.
Matthew
M
Olson
1 Dept of Kinesiology, University of Wisconsin - Madison, Madison, WI.
Stephanie
S
Trigsted
2 Dept of Biostatistics and Medical Informatics, University of Wisconsin - Madison, Madison, WI.
Scott
S
Hetzel
1 Dept of Kinesiology, University of Wisconsin - Madison, Madison, WI.
David R
DR
Bell
D053587:Arthrometry, Articular / Q000379:methods*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007719:Knee Joint / Q000502:physiology*; D008297:Male; D015588:Observer Variation; D016059:Range of Motion, Articular; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D014741:Video Recording; D055815:Young Adult
MKD; OHS; movement screening; preparticipation physical exam