Double-tailed acyl glycoside niosomal nanocarrier for enhanced oral bioavailability of Cefixime.
Novel, safe, efficient, and cost effective surfactants from renewable resources has attracted attention for enhancing solubility and bioavailability of hydrophobic dugs. We report the synthesis, characterization, and biocompatibility of a novel non-ionic acyl glycoside double-tailed surfactant for niosomal drug delivery system. Structure of the surfactant was confirmed by1H NMR and mass spectroscopy. Applications of surfactant in niosomal drug delivery were explored using Cefixime as model. The shape, size, and polydispersity index (PDI) of drug loaded vesicles were investigated with atomic force microscope (AFM) and dynamic light scattering (DLS). Drug entrapping efficiency (EE%) was determined using HPLC. Biocompatibility of the surfactant was evaluated by in vitro cytotoxicity, blood hemolysis, and in vivo acute toxicity. Bioavailability of the surfactant based formulation was investigated in rabbits using HPLC. Vesicles were found to be 159.76 ± 6.54 nm with narrow size distribution and spherical shape. EE% was found to be 71.39 ± 3.52%. Novel surfactant was non-cytotoxicity and hemo-compatible even at 1000 μg/mL concentration and was safe up to 2000 mg/kg body weight. The in vivo bioavailability of niosomal formulation showed elevated plasma concentration and decreased clearance of Cefixime. Current findings reveal that this novel surfactant is biocompatible and could be employed for niosomal drug delivery.
a Department of Pharmacy , University of Malakand , Chakdara , Pakistan.
Muhammad
M
Imran
b HEJ Research Institute of Chemistry, International Center for Chemical and Biological Sciences , Karachi University , Karachi , Pakistan.
Muhammad Raza
MR
Shah
a Department of Pharmacy , University of Malakand , Chakdara , Pakistan.
Farhat
F
Ullah
a Department of Pharmacy , University of Malakand , Chakdara , Pakistan.
Shafi
S
Ullah
a Department of Pharmacy , University of Malakand , Chakdara , Pakistan.
Abdul
A
Sadiq
b HEJ Research Institute of Chemistry, International Center for Chemical and Biological Sciences , Karachi University , Karachi , Pakistan.
Imdad
I
Ali
b HEJ Research Institute of Chemistry, International Center for Chemical and Biological Sciences , Karachi University , Karachi , Pakistan.
Farid
F
Ahmed
c School of Pharmacy , China Pharmaceutical University , Nanjing , China.
Waqas
W
Nawaz
D000818:Animals; D001682:Biological Availability; D020682:Cefixime / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000737:chemistry / Q000493:pharmacokinetics*; D004337:Drug Carriers / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000633:toxicity; D065546:Drug Liberation; D005260:Female; D006027:Glycosides / Q000737:chemistry*; D006461:Hemolysis / Q000187:drug effects; D006801:Humans; D008081:Liposomes / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000633:toxicity; D008297:Male; D008422:Materials Testing; D051379:Mice; D011817:Rabbits
D004337:Drug Carriers; D006027:Glycosides; D008081:Liposomes; D020682:Cefixime
Cefixime; Nonionic surfactant; bioavailability; biocompatibility; synthesis