Frequency and diversity of phlebotomine sand flies (Diptera: Psychodidae) in Sinop, State of Mato Grosso, Brazil.
Understanding the diversity of sand flies is important for the epidemiology and control of leishmaniasis. This study aimed to understand the frequency, diversity, and seasonality of medically important sand flies in the municipality of Sinop, State of Mato Grosso, Brazil.
The study was conducted in an urban area, including four ecotypes with different levels of urbanization. The sand flies were collected using light traps for three nights per month, from May 2014 to April 2015.
A total of 62,745 sand flies was collected, 52.34% of which were female. The frequency and diversity of sand flies was the highest in areas of permanent preservation (APPs) (96.85%), and was lower in more urbanized areas. Lutzomyia dasypodogeton was the most frequent species in the APPs. Lutzomyia antunesi was the most frequent in neighborhoods with forest fragments and neighborhoods around APPs, and L. aragaoi was the most frequent in completely urbanized neighborhoods. A higher frequency and diversity of sand flies was observed in the rainy season (87.92%) than in the dry season (12.08%). Eight medically important species were captured, and Lutzomyia antunesi, which is associated with American cutaneous leishmaniasis and visceral leishmaniasis, was observed in all ecotypes throughout the year.
We observed a high frequency and diversity of sand flies in all urban areas, and some species collected were major vectors of leishmaniasis. These results support the need for further studies of the natural rates of infection of these insects and the circulation of the disease in hosts and vectors.
Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências da Saúde, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso, Cuiabá, Mato Grosso, Brazil.|Escritório Regional de Saúde de Sinop, Secretaria de Estado de Saúde de Mato Grosso, Cuiabá, Mato Grosso, Brazil.
Sirlei Franck
SF
Thies
Instituto de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso, Sinop, Mato Grosso, Brazil.
Roberta Vieira de Morais
RV
Bronzoni
Departamento de Estatística, Instituto de Ciências Exatas e da Terra, Instituto de Saúde Coletiva, Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso, Cuiabá, Mato Grosso, Brazil.
Mariano Martinez
MM
Espinosa
Escritório Regional de Saúde de Sinop, Secretaria de Estado de Saúde de Mato Grosso, Cuiabá, Mato Grosso, Brazil.
Cladson de Oliveira
CO
Souza
Instituto de Biologia, Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso, Cuiabá, Mato Grosso, Brazil.
Ana Lucia Maria
AL
Ribeiro
Departamento de Geografia, Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso, Cuiabá, Mato Grosso, Brazil.
Emerson Soares Dos
ES
Santos
Laboratório de Leishmanioses, Centro de Pesquisas René Rachou, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil.
Edelberto Santos
ES
Dias
Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências da Saúde, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso, Cuiabá, Mato Grosso, Brazil.
Amílcar Sabino
AS
Damazo
D000818:Animals; D044822:Biodiversity; D001938:Brazil; D005260:Female; D007303:Insect Vectors / Q000145:classification*; D016773:Leishmaniasis, Cutaneous / Q000635:transmission; D007898:Leishmaniasis, Visceral / Q000635:transmission; D008297:Male; D011156:Population Density; D011576:Psychodidae / Q000145:classification*; D012621:Seasons; D014505:Urban Population