Improved hospital mortality with a low MET dose: the importance of a modified early warning score and communication tool.
Rapid response systems have been mandated for the recognition and management of the deteriorating patient. Increasing medical emergency team (MET) dose may be associated with improved outcomes. Large numbers of MET calls may divert resources from the program providing the service unless additional personnel are provided. To describe the implementation and outcomes of a multifaceted rapid response system (RRS) in a teaching hospital, we conducted an observational study. The RRS consisted of the introduction of a MET together with 1) redesign of the ward observation chart with the vital sign variables colour-coded to identify variation from normal; 2) mandated minimum frequency of vital sign measurement; 3) three formal levels of escalation based on the degree of physiological instability as measured by a modified early warning score (MEWS); 4) COMPASS© education and e-learning package with a two-hour face-to-face small group tutorial; 5) practise in escalation and communication using the ISBAR (Identify, Situation, Background, Assessment, Response/Recommendation) communication tool. The primary outcome measures were all-cause hospital mortality rate and hospital standardised mortality ratio (HSMR) compared to peer hospitals calculated by the Health Round Table. There were 161,153 separations and 1,994 hospital deaths from July 2008 to December 2012. The MET call rate was 11.3 per 1000 separations in 2012. There was a decline in all-cause hospital mortality from 13.8 to 11 deaths/1000 separations. The HSMR decreased from 95.7 in 2008 to 66 in the second half of 2012 (below the three standard deviation control limit). A low MET dose may be associated with improved hospital mortality when combined with a MEWS and an intervention to improve communication.
Critical Care Research Group, Adult Intensive Care Service, The Prince Charles Hospital and University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland.
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Mullany
Director, Adult Intensive Care Service, The Prince Charles Hospital and University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland.
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Ziegenfuss
Registered Nurse, Safety and Quality Unit, The Prince Charles Hospital, Brisbane, Queensland.
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Goleby
Fomerly Director of Patient Safety (retired), Safety and Quality Unit, The Prince Charles Hospital, Brisbane, Queensland.
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Ward
D003142:Communication; D017052:Hospital Mortality; D057209:Hospital Rapid Response Team; D006784:Hospitals, Teaching; D006801:Humans; D007362:Intensive Care Units; D008875:Middle Aged; D055986:Vital Signs
rapid response system, rapid response team, medical emergency team, modified early warning system