Inflammatory response of human dental pulp to at-home and in-office tooth bleaching.
This study evaluated the inflammatory responses of human dental pulp after the use of two bleaching techniques.
Pulp samples were collected from human third molars extracted for orthodontic reasons and divided into three groups: control - no tooth bleaching (CG) (n=7); at-home bleaching with 15% carbamide peroxide (AH) (n = 10), and in-office bleaching with 38% hydrogen peroxide (IO) (n=12). Pulps were removed and stained with hematoxylin-eosin for microscopic analysis of inflammation intensity, collagen degradation, and pulp tissue organization. Immunohistochemistry was used to detect mast cells (tryptase+), blood vessels (CD31+), and macrophages (CD68+). Chi-square, Kruskal-Wallis, and Mann Whitney tests were used for statistical analysis. The level of significance was set at p<.05.
The inflammation intensity and the number of macrophages were significantly greater in IO than in AH and CG (p<0.05). The results of CD31+ (blood vessels per mm2) were similar in CG (61.39±20.03), AH (52.29±27.62), and IO (57.43±8.69) groups (p>0.05). No mast cells were found in the pulp samples analyzed.
In-office bleaching with 38% hydrogen peroxide resulted in more intense inflammation, higher macrophages migration, and greater pulp damage then at-home bleaching with 15% carbamide peroxide, however, these bleaching techniques did not induce migration of mast cells and increased the number of blood vessels.
Universidade Federal de Goiás, Faculdade de Odontologia, Goiânia, GO, Brasil.
Maysa Magalhães
MM
Vaz
Universidade Federal de Goiás, Faculdade de Odontologia, Goiânia, GO, Brasil.
Lawrence Gonzaga
LG
Lopes
Universidade Federal de Goiás, Faculdade de Odontologia, Goiânia, GO, Brasil.
Paula Carvalho
PC
Cardoso
Universidade Federal de Goiás, Faculdade de Odontologia, Goiânia, GO, Brasil.
João Batista de
JB
Souza
Universidade Federal de Goiás, Faculdade de Odontologia, Goiânia, GO, Brasil.
Aline Carvalho
AC
Batista
Universidade Federal de Goiás, Faculdade de Odontologia, Goiânia, GO, Brasil.
Nádia Lago
NL
Costa
Universidade Federal de Goiás, Faculdade de Odontologia, Goiânia, GO, Brasil.
Érica Miranda
ÉM
Torres
Universidade Federal de Goiás, Faculdade de Odontologia, Departamento de Ciências Estomatológicas, Goiânia, GO, Brasil.
Carlos
C
Estrela
D015703:Antigens, CD; D015214:Antigens, Differentiation, Myelomonocytic; D001808:Blood Vessels / Q000187:drug effects / Q000473:pathology; D000077463:Carbamide Peroxide; D002452:Cell Count; D003094:Collagen / Q000187:drug effects; D003782:Dental Pulp / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000473:pathology; D006801:Humans; D006861:Hydrogen Peroxide / Q000633:toxicity; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D010545:Peroxides / Q000633:toxicity; D019408:Platelet Endothelial Cell Adhesion Molecule-1; D011671:Pulpitis / Q000139:chemically induced* / Q000473:pathology; D011897:Random Allocation; D018709:Statistics, Nonparametric; D013997:Time Factors; D014073:Tooth Bleaching / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000379:methods; D058205:Tooth Bleaching Agents / Q000633:toxicity*; D014508:Urea / Q000031:analogs & derivatives / Q000633:toxicity; D000097382:CD68 Molecule
D015703:Antigens, CD; D015214:Antigens, Differentiation, Myelomonocytic; D000077463:Carbamide Peroxide; D003094:Collagen; D006861:Hydrogen Peroxide; D010545:Peroxides; D019408:Platelet Endothelial Cell Adhesion Molecule-1; D058205:Tooth Bleaching Agents; D014508:Urea; C067980:CD68 antigen, human; D000097382:CD68 Molecule