Interventions in Parkinson's disease: Role of executive function.
The cortico-striatal network plays a major role in executive functions (EF), and is believed to play a role in the pathophysiology of Parkinson's disease (PD). However, the tools to assess EF are limited. This review assesses the impact of all PD interventions, namely, pharmacotherapy, physical exercise and Deep Brain Stimulation (DBS) surgery on EF. The effect of PD pharmacotherapy varies with the drug class, neuropsychological test used and the affected dopamine receptor family. There appears to be a benefit of aerobic exercise on EF, including judgment and attention. The effect of Deep Brain Stimulation on EF might vary with site of brain stimulation, the neuropsychological test performed and the pre-operative cognitive state. The effect of EF on underlying manifestations and as a factor in the pathway to the motor benefit needs to be better assessed with more accurate tests that focus on motor component of EF.
Department of Neurology, Henry Ford Hospital, Detroit, MI, amahaja1@hfhs.org.
Abhimanyu
A
Mahajan
Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD.
Jennifer A
JA
Deal
Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD.
Michelle
M
Carlson
D000978:Antiparkinson Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use; D065098:Catechol O-Methyltransferase Inhibitors / Q000627:therapeutic use; D046690:Deep Brain Stimulation; D018491:Dopamine Agonists / Q000627:therapeutic use; D056344:Executive Function / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology*; D005081:Exercise Therapy; D006801:Humans; D007980:Levodopa / Q000627:therapeutic use; D008996:Monoamine Oxidase Inhibitors / Q000627:therapeutic use; D010300:Parkinson Disease / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000523:psychology* / Q000628:therapy*
D000978:Antiparkinson Agents; D065098:Catechol O-Methyltransferase Inhibitors; D018491:Dopamine Agonists; D008996:Monoamine Oxidase Inhibitors; D007980:Levodopa