Study on formation of 2,4,6-trichloroanisole by microbial O-methylation of 2,4,6-trichlorophenol in lake water.
To explore the mechanisms and influence factors on the production of 2,4,6-trichloroanisole (2,4,6-TCA) in surface waters, the 2,4,6-TCA formation potential (FP) test was conducted by incubating the real lake water with the addition of 2,4,6-trichlorophenol (2,4,6-TCP) precursor. Besides bacteria and fungi, two common cyanobacteria and algae species, i.e., Chlorella vulgaris and Anabaena flos-aquae, have been proved to have strong capabilities to produce 2,4,6-TCA, which may contribute the high 2,4,6-TCA FP (152.2 ng/L) of lake water. The microbial O-methylation of 2,4,6-TCP precursor is catalyzed by chlorophenol O-methyltransferases (CPOMTs), and their characteristics were identified by adding inductive methyl donors or excluding microorganisms via ultrafiltration. The results indicated both S-adenosyl methionine (SAM) dependent and non-SAM dependent CPOMTs played important roles; extracellular CPOMTs also participated in the biosynthesis of 2,4,6-TCA. Moreover, investigating the effects of various environmental factors revealed initial 2,4,6-TCP processor concentration, temperature, pH and some divalent metal cations (i.e., Mn2+, Mg2+and Zn2+) had obvious effects on the production of 2,4,6-TCA.
College of Civil Engineering and Architecture, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, Zhejiang, China.
Kejia
K
Zhang
College of Civil Engineering and Architecture, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, Zhejiang, China.
Zhang
Z
Luo
College of Civil Engineering and Architecture, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, Zhejiang, China.
Tuqiao
T
Zhang
College of Civil Engineering and Architecture, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, Zhejiang, China.
Minmin
M
Mao
Department of Environmental Science & Engineering, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433, China. Electronic address: jiefu@fudan.edu.cn.
Jie
J
Fu
D000840:Anisoles / Q000378:metabolism*; D002681:China; D048408:Chlorella vulgaris / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D002733:Chlorophenols / Q000378:metabolism*; D000458:Cyanobacteria / Q000187:drug effects / Q000201:enzymology / Q000378:metabolism; D005658:Fungi / Q000187:drug effects / Q000201:enzymology / Q000378:metabolism; D006863:Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; D060106:Lakes / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000382:microbiology*; D008670:Metals / Q000494:pharmacology; D008745:Methylation / Q000187:drug effects; D008780:Methyltransferases / Q000378:metabolism; D013696:Temperature
D000840:Anisoles; D002733:Chlorophenols; D008670:Metals; C110228:2,4,6-trichloroanisole; D008780:Methyltransferases; C480302:S-adenosyl-L-methionine:trichlorophenol O-methyltransferase; C024564:2,4,6-trichlorophenol
2,4,6-Trichloroanisole; 2,4,6-Trichlorophenol; Chlorophenol O-methyltransferases; Control strategy; S-Adenosyl methionine