Directional and reoccurring sequence change in zoonotic RNA virus genomes visualized by time-series word count.
Ebolavirus, MERS coronavirus and influenza virus are zoonotic RNA viruses, which mutate very rapidly. Viral growth depends on many host factors, but human cells may not provide the ideal growth conditions for viruses invading from nonhuman hosts. The present time-series analyses of short and long oligonucleotide compositions in these genomes showed directional changes in their composition after invasion from a nonhuman host, which are thought to recur after future invasions. In the recent West Africa Ebola outbreak, directional time-series changes in a wide range of oligonucleotides were observed in common for three geographic areas, and the directional changes were observed also for the recent MERS coronavirus epidemics starting in the Middle East. In addition, common directional changes in human influenza A viruses were observed for three subtypes, whose epidemics started independently. Long oligonucleotides that showed an evident directional change observed in common for the three subtypes corresponded to some of influenza A siRNAs, whose activities have been experimentally proven. Predicting directional and reoccurring changes in oligonucleotide composition should become important for designing diagnostic RT-PCR primers and therapeutic oligonucleotides with long effectiveness.
Department of Bioscience, Nagahama Institute of Bio-Science and Technology, Tamura-cho 1266, Nagahama-shi, Shiga-ken 526-0829, Japan.|Nara Institute of Science and Technology, 8916-5 Takayama, Ikoma, Nara 630-0192 Japan.
Yoshiko
Y
Wada
Department of Bioscience, Nagahama Institute of Bio-Science and Technology, Tamura-cho 1266, Nagahama-shi, Shiga-ken 526-0829, Japan.
Kennosuke
K
Wada
Department of Bioscience, Nagahama Institute of Bio-Science and Technology, Tamura-cho 1266, Nagahama-shi, Shiga-ken 526-0829, Japan.
Yuki
Y
Iwasaki
Nara Institute of Science and Technology, 8916-5 Takayama, Ikoma, Nara 630-0192 Japan.
Shigehiko
S
Kanaya
Department of Bioscience, Nagahama Institute of Bio-Science and Technology, Tamura-cho 1266, Nagahama-shi, Shiga-ken 526-0829, Japan.
Toshimichi
T
Ikemura
D000818:Animals; D001483:Base Sequence; D029043:Ebolavirus / Q000235:genetics; D016679:Genome, Viral; D006801:Humans; D065207:Middle East Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus / Q000235:genetics; D009841:Oligonucleotides / Q000235:genetics; D009975:Orthomyxoviridae / Q000235:genetics; D013997:Time Factors; D015047:Zoonoses / Q000821:virology*
D009841:Oligonucleotides