The Chemical Profile ofSenna velutinaLeaves and Their Antioxidant and Cytotoxic Effects.
Natural products can be a source of biomolecules with antioxidant activity which are able to prevent oxidative stress-induced diseases and show antitumor activity, making them important sources of new anticancer drug prototypes. In this context, this study aimed to analyze the chemical composition of an ethanol extract ofSenna velutinaleaves and to assess its antioxidant and cytotoxic activities in leukemic cells. The antioxidant properties were evaluated using a DPPH free radical scavenging assay and by examining the extract's inhibition of AAPH-induced lipid peroxidation in human erythrocytes. Its cytotoxicity and possible mechanisms of action were assessed in Jurkat and K562 leukemic cell lines. The ethanol extract contained flavonoids, such as epigallocatechin, epicatechin, kaempferol heteroside, rutin, and dimeric and trimeric proanthocyanidin derivatives. The extract exhibited antioxidant activity by scavenging free radicals and antihemolytic action, and it decreased malondialdehyde content in human erythrocytes. Furthermore, the extract also induced leukemic cell death by activating intracellular calcium and caspase-3, decreasing mitochondrial membrane potential, and arresting the cell cycle in S and G2 phases. Hence,S. velutinaleaf extract contains antioxidant and antileukemic biomolecules with potential applications in diseases associated with oxidative stress and in the inhibition of tumor cell proliferation.
School of Environmental and Biological Science, Federal University of Grande Dourados, Rodovia Dourados Itahum, Km 12, 79.804-970 Dourados, MS, Brazil.
Jaqueline Ferreira
JF
Campos
School of Environmental and Biological Science, Federal University of Grande Dourados, Rodovia Dourados Itahum, Km 12, 79.804-970 Dourados, MS, Brazil.
David Tsuyoshi Hiramatsu
DT
de Castro
School of Environmental and Biological Science, Federal University of Grande Dourados, Rodovia Dourados Itahum, Km 12, 79.804-970 Dourados, MS, Brazil.
Marcio José
MJ
Damião
Department of Biochemistry, Federal University of São Paulo, Rua Pedro de Toledo 669, 04039-032 São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
Heron F
HF
Vieira Torquato
Department of Biochemistry, Federal University of São Paulo, Rua Pedro de Toledo 669, 04039-032 São Paulo, SP, Brazil; Interdisciplinary Center of Biochemistry Investigation, University of Mogi das Cruzes, Av. Dr. Cândido Xavier de Almeida Souza, No. 200, Mogi das Cruzes, SP, Brazil.
Edgar J
EJ
Paredes-Gamero
Center of Biological and Health Sciences, Federal University of Mato Grosso do Sul, Campo Grande, MS, Brazil.
Carlos Alexandre
0000-0003-1231-9441
CA
Carollo
Department of Biology and Biotechnology, Agricultural College of Bragança, Polytechnic Institute of Bragança, Campus Santa Apolónia, 5301-855 Bragança, Portugal.
Leticia M
0000-0002-9249-1948
LM
Estevinho
School of Environmental and Biological Science, Federal University of Grande Dourados, Rodovia Dourados Itahum, Km 12, 79.804-970 Dourados, MS, Brazil.
Kely
0000-0001-5764-2125
K
de Picoli Souza
School of Environmental and Biological Science, Federal University of Grande Dourados, Rodovia Dourados Itahum, Km 12, 79.804-970 Dourados, MS, Brazil.
Edson Lucas
0000-0002-6557-7914
EL
Dos Santos
D000972:Antineoplastic Agents, Phytogenic / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000494:pharmacology*; D000975:Antioxidants / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000494:pharmacology*; D001713:Biphenyl Compounds / Q000737:chemistry; D002118:Calcium / Q000378:metabolism; D053148:Caspase 3 / Q000378:metabolism; D049109:Cell Proliferation / Q000187:drug effects; D002470:Cell Survival / Q000187:drug effects; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D004912:Erythrocytes / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D059565:G2 Phase Cell Cycle Checkpoints / Q000187:drug effects; D006801:Humans; D020128:Inhibitory Concentration 50; D019169:Jurkat Cells; D020014:K562 Cells; D007938:Leukemia / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D015227:Lipid Peroxidation / Q000187:drug effects; D008315:Malondialdehyde / Q000378:metabolism; D053078:Membrane Potential, Mitochondrial / Q000187:drug effects; D018384:Oxidative Stress / Q000187:drug effects*; D064209:Phytochemicals / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000494:pharmacology*; D008517:Phytotherapy; D010851:Picrates / Q000737:chemistry; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000494:pharmacology*; D018515:Plant Leaves / Q000737:chemistry*; D010946:Plants, Medicinal; D059807:S Phase Cell Cycle Checkpoints / Q000187:drug effects; D029846:Senna Plant / Q000737:chemistry*
D000972:Antineoplastic Agents, Phytogenic; D000975:Antioxidants; D001713:Biphenyl Compounds; D064209:Phytochemicals; D010851:Picrates; D010936:Plant Extracts; D008315:Malondialdehyde; C004931:1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl; C505407:CASP3 protein, human; D053148:Caspase 3; D002118:Calcium