Validation of Brunei's Malay EQ-5D Questionnaire in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes.
BACKGROUND
The Malay spoken in Brunei a South East Asian country where Malay is the national language is distinctive and different from Malay spoken in Malaysia, Singapore and Indonesia. This study aimed to develop a Brunei Malay version of the 5-level EQ-5D questionnaire (EQ-5D-5L) and to assess its psychometric properties among patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM).


METHODS
The Brunei Malay EQ-5D-5L was developed by culturally adapting two existing Malay versions. A total of 154 Bruneians with T2DM completed the questionnaire in two different points of time with one week apart. Known-groups validity of the utility-based EQ-5D-5L index and visual analogue scale (EQ-VAS) was evaluated by comparing subgroups of patients known to differ in health status. Test-retest reliability was assessed using the intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) or Cohen's kappa.


RESULTS
As hypothesized, patients known to have 'better' health had higher EQ-5D-5L index scores than those having 'worse' health in all 7 known-groups comparisons. The hypothesized difference in the EQ-VAS scores was observed in only 4 of the 7 known-groups comparisons. Kappa values ranged from 0.206 to 0.446 for the EQ-5D-5L items; the ICC value for the EQ-5D-5L index and EQ-VAS was 0.626 and 0.521, respectively.


CONCLUSIONS
The utility-based EQ-5D-5L index appears to be valid and reliable for measuring the health of Brunei patients with T2DM. The validity of the EQ-VAS in Brunei requires further investigation.
PAPRSB Institute of Health Sciences, Universiti Brunei Darussalam, Bandar Seri Begawan, Brunei.|SSH School of Public Health, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore.
David
D
Koh
PAPRSB Institute of Health Sciences, Universiti Brunei Darussalam, Bandar Seri Begawan, Brunei.
Awg Muhammad Khairulamin Bin
AM
Abdullah
SSH School of Public Health, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore.
Pei
P
Wang
PAPRSB Institute of Health Sciences, Universiti Brunei Darussalam, Bandar Seri Begawan, Brunei.
Naing
N
Lin
SSH School of Public Health, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore.
Nan
N
Luo
D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D001007:Anxiety / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000503:physiopathology; D044466:Asian People; D002010:Brunei; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D003863:Depression / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000503:physiopathology; D003924:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000503:physiopathology; D005260:Female; D006304:Health Status; D006801:Humans; D007802:Language; D008296:Malaysia; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010146:Pain / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000503:physiopathology; D010147:Pain Measurement; D011594:Psychometrics / Q000592:standards*; D011788:Quality of Life; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires / Q000592:standards*; D064232:Visual Analog Scale