Comparison of Oral Midazolam With Intravenous Midazolam for Sedation Children During Upper Gastrointestinal Endoscopy.
Upper endoscopy is a common procedure for the diagnosis and treatment of upper digestive tract diseases. The increasing number of pediatric gastrointestinal procedures has led to increasing attention on the safety and efficacy of medications used for sedation during the procedure. This randomized blinded interventional study was designed to compare the effect of oral midazolam with intravenous (IV) midazolam as a sedative medication in 119 children undergoing endoscopy. The mean time to sedation was 2.2±0.7 in IV midazolam group and 30.9±0 in oral midazolam group which was statistically significant difference between two groups. Separation from parents in oral midazolam group was as follow: 2 patients were high resistant (3.5%), 2 patients were resisted first and then relaxed (3.5%) and 55 patients were separated from their parents without any resistance (93%); whereas in IV midazolam group, 8 patients were high resistant (13.3%), 29 patients were relatively resistant (48.3%) and 23 patients were separated from their parents without any resistance (38.3%) that shows significant differences between the two groups. In terms of patient comfort during endoscopy, there was also a significant difference between the two groups. In oral midazolam, group parents were more consent, compared with the other group. The present study showed that oral midazolam is a safe and effective sedation during upper endoscopy in pediatrics. Oral midazolam reducing patients' anxiety during separation from parents leads the easy use of endoscopy and comfort of patients during endoscopy as compared with IV midazolam. Oral or IV midazolam were not able to put most patients in deep sedation level.
Children's Medical Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
Ahmad
A
Khodadad
Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences and Health Services, Yazd, Iran.
Majid
M
Aflatoonian
Children's Medical Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
Rozita
R
Jalilian
Children's Medical Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
Nazanin
N
Babaei
Children's Medical Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
Farzaneh
F
Motamed
Children's Medical Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
Alireza
A
Ebrahime Soltani
Children's Medical Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
Behnaz
B
Rasoolzadeh
Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences and Health Services, Yazd, Iran.
Fatemeh
F
Motavasselian
Research Center for Immunodeficiencies, Children's Medical Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. AND Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. AND Network of Immunity in Infection, Malignancy and Autoimmunity (NIIMA), Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN), Boston, MA, USA.
Nima
N
Rezaei
D000293:Adolescent; D001007:Anxiety / Q000517:prevention & control; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D016292:Procedural Sedation / Q000379:methods*; D004311:Double-Blind Method; D016099:Endoscopy, Gastrointestinal / Q000379:methods*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D006993:Hypnotics and Sedatives / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D007223:Infant; D008297:Male; D008874:Midazolam / Q000008:administration & dosage*
D006993:Hypnotics and Sedatives; D008874:Midazolam
Gastrointestinal endoscopy; Intravenous; Midazolam; Sedation