Precise breast implant placement using percutaneous chest wall markings.
BACKGROUND
Traditionally, pre-operative breast markings are usually made using an indelible marker. These markings are at risk of being removed by pre-operative cleaning, positional changes and parenchymal changes post-incision. We present our approach to breast surgery with rib or intercostal markings using methylene blue.


METHODS
Using an indelible marker, markings are made on the breast and the inframammary crease. A blue needle (23 G) mounted on a 1 ml syringe is prepared, and aliquots of 0.1 ml of methylene blue are injected. Excessive infiltration and pre-operative local anaesthetic infiltration result in diffusion of the dye and difficulty with accuracy. Dye is injected directly over the bony periosteum closest to the inframammary fold.


RESULTS
We achieved good symmetry of bilateral breast implants. Photographs were taken pre-operative and 3 months post-operative and were evaluated independently by medical officers. All results were rated as good or very good. We had 39 patients and follow-up was between 3 and 24 months. There were no implant-related complications.


CONCLUSIONS
For accurate implant placement, a fixed position must be found. Our technique utilises the relative immobility of the ribs for accurate implant placement. Disadvantages to our method were few, and we had two cases of dizziness or patients feeling faint due to pain. There is also a potential allergic or anaphylaxis reaction, but we did not experience any allergic reaction.
Department of Plastic, Reconstructive and Aesthetic Surgery, Singapore General Hospital, Singapore.
Janna
J
Joethy
Department of Plastic, Reconstructive and Aesthetic Surgery, Singapore General Hospital, Singapore.
Bien-Keem
BK
Tan
Breast augmentation; breast implant; chest wall markings