Vitamin D receptor gene FokI variant in diabetic foot ulcer and its relation with oxidative stress.
OBJECTIVE
The patient's suffering and financial costs affiliated with Diabetic Foot Ulcer (DFU), as one of the most important complications of diabetes, are highly undesirable and this highlights the importance of preventive medicine about this disorder. Furthermore hyperglycemia causes generation of free radicals which leads to oxidative stress (OS). Hence, this study aims to examine the association between vitamin D receptor (VDR) gene FokI polymorphism and DFU in Iranian population and also its correlation with OS biomarkers.


METHODS
In a case-control study, a total of 212 patients with type 2 diabetes with and without diabetic foot ulcer were included. Genotyping was conducted by polymerase chain reaction and restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) analysis. Samples were analyzed for thiobarbituric reactive substances (TBARS) and ferric reducing ability of plasma (FRAP) as markers of OS.


RESULTS
The results indicated a significant difference in genotype frequencies of VDR gene FokI polymorphism in patients with diabetic foot ulcer in comparison to those without diabetic foot ulcer (TT+TC vs. CC p=0.04; OR=1.76; 95% CI=1.02-3.05). Moreover, the patients carrying the T allele had a significantly higher level of TBARS (p=0.01).


CONCLUSIONS
We found a significant association between FokI functional variant of VDR gene and diabetic foot ulcer in an Iranian population. Increased levels of TBARS in patients carrying the T allele of FokI polymorphism indicate an association between this variant and OS in patients with diabetes.
Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
Negin
N
Soroush
Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Endocrinology and Metabolism Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Clinical Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. Electronic address: radfarma@tums.ac.ir.
Mania
M
Radfar
Metabolic Disorders Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Molecular-Cellular Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
Armita Kakavand
AK
Hamidi
Department of Toxicology and Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
Mohammad
M
Abdollahi
Department of Community Medicine, School of Medicine, Alborz University of Medical Sciences, Karaj, Iran.
Mostafa
M
Qorbani
Diabetes Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Clinical Science Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
Farideh
F
Razi
Diabetes Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Clinical Science Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
Ensieh Nasli
EN
Esfahani
Metabolic Disorders Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Molecular-Cellular Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. Electronic address: amolimm@tums.ac.ir.
Mahsa M
MM
Amoli
D016022:Case-Control Studies; D003924:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / Q000150:complications / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism*; D017719:Diabetic Foot / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism*; D005260:Female; D005787:Gene Frequency; D014644:Genetic Variation; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D018384:Oxidative Stress; D020641:Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide; D018167:Receptors, Calcitriol / Q000235:genetics*; D017392:Thiobarbituric Acid Reactive Substances / Q000378:metabolism
D018167:Receptors, Calcitriol; D017392:Thiobarbituric Acid Reactive Substances
Diabetic foot ulcer; Oxidative stress; Type 2 diabetes; VDR gene polymorphism