Fish gut-liver immunity during homeostasis or inflammation revealed by integrative transcriptome and proteome studies.
The gut-associated lymphoid tissue, connected with liver via bile and blood, constructs a local immune environment of both defense and tolerance. The gut-liver immunity has been well-studied in mammals, yet in fish remains largely unknown, even though enteritis as well as liver and gallbladder syndrome emerged as a limitation in aquaculture. In this study, we performed integrative bioinformatic analysis for both transcriptomic (gut and liver) and proteomic (intestinal mucus and bile) data, in both healthy and infected tilapias. We found more categories of immune transcripts in gut than liver, as well as more adaptive immune in gut meanwhile more innate in liver. Interestingly reduced differential immune transcripts between gut and liver upon inflammation were also revealed. In addition, more immune proteins in bile than intestinal mucus were identified. And bile probably providing immune effectors to intestinal mucus upon inflammation was deduced. Specifically, many key immune transcripts in gut or liver as well as key immune proteins in mucus or bile were demonstrated. Accordingly, we proposed a hypothesized profile of fish gut-liver immunity, during either homeostasis or inflammation. Current data suggested that fish gut and liver may collaborate immunologically while keep homeostasis using own strategies, including potential unique mechanisms.
Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430072, China.
Nan
N
Wu
Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430072, China.|Demorgen Bioinformation Technology Co. Ltd, Wuhan 430072, China.
Yu-Long
YL
Song
Fisheries College, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang 524088, China.
Bei
B
Wang
Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430072, China.|University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China.
Xiang-Yang
XY
Zhang
Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430072, China.|College of Fisheries and Life Science, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China.
Xu-Jie
XJ
Zhang
Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430072, China.
Ya-Li
YL
Wang
Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430072, China.
Ying-Yin
YY
Cheng
Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430072, China.
Dan-Dan
DD
Chen
Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430072, China.
Xiao-Qin
XQ
Xia
Fisheries College, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang 524088, China.
Yi-Shan
YS
Lu
Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430072, China.|State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Wuhan 430072, China.
Yong-An
YA
Zhang
D000818:Animals; D001646:Bile / Q000378:metabolism; D005399:Fishes / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology*; D041981:Gastrointestinal Tract / Q000276:immunology*; D005786:Gene Expression Regulation; D015723:Gene Library; D063990:Gene Ontology; D006706:Homeostasis; D018928:Immunity, Mucosal; D007249:Inflammation / Q000235:genetics* / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism; D008099:Liver / Q000276:immunology*; D009093:Mucus / Q000378:metabolism; D000072417:Protein Domains; D020543:Proteome / Q000378:metabolism*; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D059467:Transcriptome / Q000235:genetics*
D020543:Proteome; D012333:RNA, Messenger