"Pacing Bigeminal".
A rapid pacing-induced heart failure model is commonly used in developing dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM). Traditionally, the right ventricular lead was connected with a single chamber pacemaker specific for animals that had a high frequency. However, the pacemaker used in this model is commercially unavailable. We developed a "pacing bigeminal" method using a commercially available dual-chamber (DDD) pacemaker to achieve high-frequency pacing. Twenty beagles were assigned to group A (n = 10) (pacing bigeminal method) and group B (n = 10) (traditional method). Echocardiographic measurements and electrocardiograms were obtained at baseline, at two weeks of pacing, and at 4 weeks of end pacing. LV anterior wall cardiac samples were obtained at 2 weeks of pacing and 4 weeks of end pacing for myocardial microscopic evaluation. Clinical manifestation and exposure time were also observed. After pacing for 10.5 ± 2.3 (714) days, the beagles in group B experienced heart failure, whereas in group A, only 7.9 ± 2.5 (5-12) days (P < 0.05) were needed to reach heart failure. Both methods could induce wide QRS duration, heart rate elevation, and myocardial microscopic changes (P > 0.05). In conclusion, this pacing bigeminal-induced heart failure method is feasible and can induce heart failure faster than the traditional method, which makes it a promising alternative method.
Department of Echocardiography, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University.
Xue
X
Gong
Shengmei
S
Qin
Zheyong
Z
Huang
Nianwei
N
Zhou
Zhaohua
Z
Yang
Zhenning
Z
Nie
Shimo
S
Dai
Ruiming
R
Yao
Zhi
Z
Wei
Junbo
J
Ge
Yangang
Y
Su
Xianhong
X
Shu
D000818:Animals; D002304:Cardiac Pacing, Artificial / Q000379:methods*; D002311:Cardiomyopathy, Dilated / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000209:etiology* / Q000503:physiopathology; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D004285:Dogs; D004562:Electrocardiography; D005260:Female; D008297:Male; D010138:Pacemaker, Artificial