Global Lung Function Initiative 2012 reference equations for spirometry in the Norwegian population.
We studied the fit of the Global Lung Function Initiative (GLI) all-age reference values to Norwegians, compared them with currently used references (European Community for Steel and Coal (ECSC) and Zapletal) and estimated the prevalence of obstructive lung disease.Spirometry data collected in 30 239 subjects (51.7% females) aged 12-90 years in three population-based studies were converted to z-scores.We studied healthy non-smokers comprising 2438 adults (57.4% females) aged 20-90 years and 8725 (47.7% female) adolescents aged 12-19 years. The GLI-2012 prediction equations fitted the Norwegian data satisfactorily. Median±sd z-scores were respectively 0.02±1.03, 0.01±1.04 and -0.04±0.91 for forced expiratory volume in 1 s (FEV1), forced vital capacity (FVC) and FEV1/FVC in males, and -0.01±1.02, 0.07±0.97 and -0.21±0.82 in females. The ECSC and Zapletal references significantly underestimated FEV1and FVC. Stricter criteria of obstruction (FEV1/FVC <GLI-2012 lower limit of normal (LLN)) carried a substantially higher risk of obstructive characteristics than FEV1/FVC <0.7 and >GLI-2012 LLN. Corresponding comparison regarding myocardial infarction showed a four-fold higher risk for women.The GLI-2012 reference values fit the Norwegian data satisfactorily and are recommended for use in Norway. Correspondingly, the FEV1/FVC GLI-2012 LLN identifies higher risk of obstructive characteristics than FEV1/FVC <0.7.
HUNT Research Centre, Dept of Public Health and General Practice, NTNU, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Levanger, Norway arnulf.langhammer@ntnu.no.
Arnulf
A
Langhammer
Dept of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway.
Ane
A
Johannessen
HUNT Research Centre, Dept of Public Health and General Practice, NTNU, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Levanger, Norway.
Turid L
TL
Holmen
General Practice Research Unit, Dept of Community Medicine, the Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway.
Hasse
H
Melbye
Division of Respiratory Medicine, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Canada.|Institute of Health Policy, Management and Evaluation, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada.
Sanja
S
Stanojevic
Dept of Respiratory Medicine, Rikshospitalet, Oslo University Hospital, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.
May B
MB
Lund
The Glittre Clinic, Hakadal, Norway.
Morten N
MN
Melsom
Dept of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway.
Per
P
Bakke
Dept of Pulmonary Diseases and Department of Pediatrics' Pulmonary Diseases, Erasmus Medical Centre, Erasmus University, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.
Philip H
PH
Quanjer
D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000367:Age Factors; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D002648:Child; D005260:Female; D005541:Forced Expiratory Volume; D064368:Healthy Volunteers; D006801:Humans; D016015:Logistic Models; D008168:Lung / Q000502:physiology*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009664:Norway; D012016:Reference Values; D012737:Sex Factors; D013147:Spirometry / Q000379:methods*; D013990:Tidal Volume; D055815:Young Adult