Enantioselective Analytical- and Preparative-Scale Separation of Hexabromocyclododecane Stereoisomers Using Packed Column Supercritical Fluid Chromatography.
Hexabromocyclododecane (HBCDD) is an additive brominated flame retardant which has been listed in Annex A of the Stockholm Convention for elimination of production and use. It has been reported to persist in the environment and has the potential for enantiomer-specific degradation, accumulation, or both, making enantioselective analyses increasingly important. The six main stereoisomers of technical HBCDD (i.e., the (+) and (-) enantiomers of α-, β-, and γ-HBCDD) were separated and isolated for the first time using enantioselective packed column supercritical fluid chromatography (pSFC) separation methods on a preparative scale. Characterization was completed using published chiral liquid chromatography (LC) methods and elution profiles, as well as X-ray crystallography, and the isolated fractions were definitively identified. Additionally, the resolution of the enantiomers, along with two minor components of the technical product (δ- and ε-HBCDD), was investigated on an analytical scale using both LC and pSFC separation techniques, and changes in elution order were highlighted. Baseline separation of all HBCDD enantiomers was achieved by pSFC on an analytical scale using a cellulose-based column. The described method emphasizes the potential associated with pSFC as a green method of isolating and analyzing environmental contaminants of concern.
Wellington Laboratories Inc., 345 Southgate Drive, Guelph, ON N1G 3M5, Canada. nicole@well-labs.com.|Man-Technology-Environment (MTM) Research Center, Örebro University, 70182 Örebro, Sweden. nicole@well-labs.com.
Nicole
N
Riddell
Man-Technology-Environment (MTM) Research Center, Örebro University, 70182 Örebro, Sweden. Lauren.Mullin@oru.se.|Waters Corporation, 34 Maple Street, Milford, MA 01757, USA. Lauren.Mullin@oru.se.
Lauren Gayle
LG
Mullin
Man-Technology-Environment (MTM) Research Center, Örebro University, 70182 Örebro, Sweden. Bert.VanBavel@oru.se.|Norwegian Institute for Water Research, NO-349 Oslo, Norway. Bert.VanBavel@oru.se.
Bert
B
van Bavel
Man-Technology-Environment (MTM) Research Center, Örebro University, 70182 Örebro, Sweden. Ingrid.Ericson@oru.se.
Ingrid
I
Ericson Jogsten
Wellington Laboratories Inc., 345 Southgate Drive, Guelph, ON N1G 3M5, Canada. alan@well-labs.com.
Alan
A
McAlees
Wellington Laboratories Inc., 345 Southgate Drive, Guelph, ON N1G 3M5, Canada. allison@well-labs.com.
Allison
A
Brazeau
Wellington Laboratories Inc., 345 Southgate Drive, Guelph, ON N1G 3M5, Canada. scott@well-labs.com.
Scott
S
Synnott
Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 3H6, Canada. alough@chem.utoronto.ca.
Alan
A
Lough
Wellington Laboratories Inc., 345 Southgate Drive, Guelph, ON N1G 3M5, Canada. bob@well-labs.com.|Chemistry Department, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada. bob@well-labs.com.
Robert
R
McCrindle
Wellington Laboratories Inc., 345 Southgate Drive, Guelph, ON N1G 3M5, Canada. rmccrind@uoguelph.ca.
Brock
B
Chittim
D002853:Chromatography, Liquid; D025924:Chromatography, Supercritical Fluid; D006842:Hydrocarbons, Brominated / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D013058:Mass Spectrometry; D008958:Models, Molecular; D015394:Molecular Structure; D013237:Stereoisomerism
D006842:Hydrocarbons, Brominated; C089796:hexabromocyclododecane
enantiomeric separation; hexabromocyclododecane; supercritical fluid chromatography