Leaf Volatile Compounds and Associated Gene Expression during Short-Term Nitrogen Deficient Treatments in Cucumis Seedlings.
Nitrogen (N) is an important macronutrient for plant growth and development, but the regulatory mechanism of volatile compounds in response to N deficiency is not well understood, especially in cucumber, which consumes excessive N during growth. In this study, the major volatile compounds from cucumber leaves subjected to N deficiency were analyzed by GC-MS. A total of 24 volatile components were identified including 15 aldehydes, two ketones, two alkenes, and five other volatile compounds in 9930 leaves. Principal component analysis using volatile compounds from cucumber leaves provided good separation between N-sufficient and N-deficient treatments. The main volatiles in cucumber leaves were found to be C6 and C9 aldehydes, especially (E)-2-hexanal and (E,Z)-2,6-nonadienal. (E)-2-hexanal belonged to the C6 aldehyde and was the most abundant compound, whereas (E,Z)-2,6-nonadienal was the chief component of C9 aldehydes. During N-deficient treatment, short-chain volatile content was significantly improved at 5 day, other volatiles displayed significant reduction or no significantly changes in all sampling points. Improvement of short-chain volatiles was confirmed in the six other inbred lines at 5 day after N-deficient treatments. The expression analysis of 12 cucumberLOXgenes and twoHPLgenes revealed thatCsLOX19,CsLOX20, andCsLOX22had common up-regulated expression patterns in response to N-deficient stress in most inbred lines; meanwhile, most sample points ofCsHPL1also had significant up-regulated expression patterns. This research focused on the relationship between volatiles in cucumber and different nitrogen environments to provide valuable insight into the effect of cultivation and management of the quality of cucumber and contributes to further research on volatile metabolism in cucumber.
Key Laboratory of Horticultural Crops Genetic Improvement (Ministry of Agriculture), Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China. 115425193@163.com.
Jie
J
Deng
Key Laboratory of Horticultural Crops Genetic Improvement (Ministry of Agriculture), Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China. yuhongjun@caas.cn.
Hong-Jun
HJ
Yu
Key Laboratory of Horticultural Crops Genetic Improvement (Ministry of Agriculture), Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China. yijinlidy@163.com.
Yun-Yun
YY
Li
Key Laboratory of Horticultural Crops Genetic Improvement (Ministry of Agriculture), Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China. 13716247546@163.com.
Xiao-Meng
XM
Zhang
Key Laboratory of Horticultural Crops Genetic Improvement (Ministry of Agriculture), Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China. pengliucaas@foxmail.com.
Peng
P
Liu
Key Laboratory of Horticultural Crops Genetic Improvement (Ministry of Agriculture), Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China. liqiang05@caas.cn.
Qiang
Q
Li
Key Laboratory of Horticultural Crops Genetic Improvement (Ministry of Agriculture), Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China. jiangweijie@caas.cn.|College of Forestry and Horticulture; Xinjiang Agricultural University, Urumqi 830052, China. jiangweijie@caas.cn.
Wei-Jie
WJ
Jiang
D000447:Aldehydes / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000378:metabolism; D000475:Alkenes / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000378:metabolism; D018553:Cucumis sativus / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D008401:Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry; D018506:Gene Expression Regulation, Plant; D006836:Hydro-Lyases / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D007659:Ketones / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000378:metabolism; D058945:Lipoxygenases / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D009584:Nitrogen / Q000172:deficiency / Q000494:pharmacology*; D018515:Plant Leaves / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D010940:Plant Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D025341:Principal Component Analysis; D036226:Seedlings / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D013997:Time Factors; D055549:Volatile Organic Compounds / Q000302:isolation & purification* / Q000378:metabolism
D000447:Aldehydes; D000475:Alkenes; D007659:Ketones; D010940:Plant Proteins; D055549:Volatile Organic Compounds; D058945:Lipoxygenases; C443399:9-hydroperoxide lyase; D006836:Hydro-Lyases; D009584:Nitrogen
LOX-HPL pathways; aldehyde; cucumber; leaf volatile; nitrogen deficiency