White shrimp Litopenaeus vannamei that have received fucoidan exhibit a defense against Vibrio alginolyticus and WSSV despite their recovery of immune parameters to background levels.
White shrimp Litopenaeus vannamei receiving fucoidan at 2, 6, and 10 μg g-1after 0-144 h or 0-120 h were examined for immune parameters (haemograms, phenoloxidase activity, respiratory burst, and superoxide dismutase activity), proliferation of haemocyte in the haematopoietic tissue (HPT), gene expression, and phagocytic activity and clearance efficiency to Vibrio alginolyticus. Immune parameters and mitotic index of HPT increased after 3-24 h, reached their maxima after 48-72 h, and returned to background values after 144 h. Transcripts of lipopolysaccharide and β-1,3-glucan binding protein (LGBP), peroxinectin (PX), prophenoloxidase (proPO) I, proPO II, astakine, and haemocyte homeostasis-associated protein (HHAP) were up-regulated to a maximum after 48-72 h and returned to background values after 144 h. Phagocytic activity and clearance efficiency to V. alginolyticus increased after 12 h, reached its maximum after 48 h, and continued to remain higher after 120 h. In another experiment, shrimp receiving fucoidan after 48 h and 144 h were respectively challenged with V. alinolyticus at 6 × 106colony-forming units (cfu) shrimp-1or challenged with WSSV at 1.2 × 105copies shrimp-1and then placed in seawater. The survival rate of shrimp receiving fucoidan was significantly higher than in controls. In conclusion, shrimp receiving fucoidan showed a proliferation of HPT, increased immune parameters, and up-regulated transcripts of LGBP, PX, proPO I, proPO II, astakine, and HHAP after 48 h. Shrimp receiving fucoidan exhibited a defense against V. alginolyticus and WSSV, even after immune parameters recovered to background levels.
Department of Aquaculture, College of Life Sciences, Center of Excellence for the Oceans, National Taiwan Ocean University, Keelung, 20224, Taiwan, ROC.
Yu-Yuan
YY
Chen
Department of Aquaculture, College of Life Sciences, Center of Excellence for the Oceans, National Taiwan Ocean University, Keelung, 20224, Taiwan, ROC.
Suwaree
S
Kitikiew
Department of Aquaculture, College of Life Sciences, Center of Excellence for the Oceans, National Taiwan Ocean University, Keelung, 20224, Taiwan, ROC.
Su-Tuen
ST
Yeh
Department of Aquaculture, College of Life Sciences, Center of Excellence for the Oceans, National Taiwan Ocean University, Keelung, 20224, Taiwan, ROC. Electronic address: jcchen@mail.ntou.edu.tw.
Jiann-Chu
JC
Chen
D000276:Adjuvants, Immunologic / Q000494:pharmacology; D000818:Animals; D060829:Arthropod Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D006434:Hemocytes / Q000276:immunology; D007113:Immunity, Innate / Q000187:drug effects*; D033561:Penaeidae / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000276:immunology* / Q000382:microbiology / Q000821:virology; D011134:Polysaccharides / Q000494:pharmacology*; D044149:Vibrio alginolyticus / Q000502:physiology*; D046848:White spot syndrome virus 1 / Q000502:physiology*
D000276:Adjuvants, Immunologic; D060829:Arthropod Proteins; D011134:Polysaccharides; C007789:fucoidan
Clearance efficiency; Fucoidan; Gene expression; Haematopoietic tissue; Immune response; Litopenaeus vannamei; Phagocytosis; Vibrio alginolyticus; WSSV