Healthcare Needs of and Access Barriers for Brazilian Transgender and Gender Diverse People.
Transgender and gender diverse people (TGD) have specific healthcare needs and struggles with access barriers that should be addressed by public health systems. Our study aimed to address this topic in the Brazilian context. A hospital and web-based cross-sectional survey built with input from the medical and transgender communities was developed to assess TGD healthcare needs of and access barriers in two Brazilian states. Although services that assist this population have existed in Brazil since the 1990s, TGD have difficulty accessing these services due to discrimination, lack of information and a policy design that does not meet the needs of TGD. A history of discrimination was associated with a 6.72-fold increase in the frequency of health service avoidance [95% CI (4.5, 10.1)]. This article discusses the urgent necessity for adequate health policies and for the training of professionals regarding the needs of Brazilian TGD.
Department of Psychology, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul, Avenida Ipiranga, 6681, Prédio 11, Sala 933, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil. angelo.costa@pucrs.br.
Angelo Brandelli
AB
Costa
Department of Psychology, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul, Avenida Ipiranga, 6681, Prédio 11, Sala 933, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil.
Heitor Tome
HT
da Rosa Filho
Department of Psychology, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul, Avenida Ipiranga, 6681, Prédio 11, Sala 933, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil.
Paola Fagundes
PF
Pase
Gender Identity Program (PROTIG), Hospital de Clinicas de Porto Alegre (HCPA), Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil.
Anna Martha Vaitses
AMV
Fontanari
Department of Social Psychology, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil.
Ramiro Figueiredo
RF
Catelan
Gender Identity Program (PROTIG), Hospital de Clinicas de Porto Alegre (HCPA), Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil.
Andressa
A
Mueller
Gender Identity Program (PROTIG), Hospital de Clinicas de Porto Alegre (HCPA), Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil.
Dhiordan
D
Cardoso
Gender Identity Program (PROTIG), Hospital de Clinicas de Porto Alegre (HCPA), Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil.
Bianca
B
Soll
Gender Identity Program (PROTIG), Hospital de Clinicas de Porto Alegre (HCPA), Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil.
Karine
K
Schwarz
Gender Identity Program (PROTIG), Hospital de Clinicas de Porto Alegre (HCPA), Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil.
Maiko Abel
MA
Schneider
Transdisciplinary Gender Identity and Sexual Orientation Service (AMTIGOS-NUFOR), Hospital de Clinicas da Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo (HCFMUSP), Universidade de São Paulo (USP), São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
Daniel Augusto Mori
DAM
Gagliotti
Transdisciplinary Gender Identity and Sexual Orientation Service (AMTIGOS-NUFOR), Hospital de Clinicas da Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo (HCFMUSP), Universidade de São Paulo (USP), São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
Alexandre
A
Saadeh
Gender Identity Program (PROTIG), Hospital de Clinicas de Porto Alegre (HCPA), Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil.
Maria Inês Rodrigues
MIR
Lobato
Department of Social Psychology, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil.
Henrique Caetano
HC
Nardi
Department of Psychology, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil.
Silvia Helena
SH
Koller
D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D001938:Brazil; D005260:Female; D019538:Health Care Surveys; D006297:Health Services Accessibility; D006301:Health Services Needs and Demand; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D063508:Social Discrimination; D063106:Transgender Persons; D055815:Young Adult
Brazil; Discrimination; Gender affirmation procedures; Hormones; Transgender persons