Rigorous Science: a How-To Guide.
Proposals to improve the reproducibility of biomedical research have emphasized scientific rigor. Although the word "rigor" is widely used, there has been little specific discussion as to what it means and how it can be achieved. We suggest that scientific rigor combines elements of mathematics, logic, philosophy, and ethics. We propose a framework for rigor that includes redundant experimental design, sound statistical analysis, recognition of error, avoidance of logical fallacies, and intellectual honesty. These elements lead to five actionable recommendations for research education.
Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland, USA acasade1@jhu.edu.
Arturo
0000-0002-9402-9167
A
Casadevall
Departments of Laboratory Medicine and Microbiology, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, Washington, USA.
Ferric C
FC
Fang
D035843:Biomedical Research / Q000193:education / Q000941:ethics / Q000592:standards*; D003627:Data Interpretation, Statistical; D008128:Logic; D010684:Philosophy; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D012107:Research Design