The Rising Frequency of IT Blackouts Indicates the Increasing Relevance of IT Emergency Concepts to Ensure Patient Safety.
As many medical workflows depend vastly on IT support, great demands are placed on the availability and accuracy of the applications involved. The cases of IT failure through ransomware at the beginning of 2016 are impressive examples of the dependence of clinical processes on IT. Although IT risk management attempts to reduce the risk of IT blackouts, the probability of partial/total data loss, or even worse, data falsification, is not zero. The objective of this paper is to present the state of the art with respect to strategies, processes, and governance to deal with the failure of IT systems.



This article is conducted as a narrative review.



Worst case scenarios are needed, dealing with methods as to how to survive the downtime of clinical systems, for example through alternative workflows. These workflows have to be trained regularly. We categorize the most important types of IT system failure, assess the usefulness of classic counter measures, and state that most risk management approaches fall short on exactly this matter.



To ensure that continuous, evidence-based improvements to the recommendations for IT emergency concepts are made, it is essential that IT blackouts and IT disasters are reported, analyzed, and critically discussed. This requires changing from a culture of shame and blame to one of error and safety in healthcare IT. This change is finding its way into other disciplines in medicine. In addition, systematically planned and analyzed simulations of IT disaster may assist in IT emergency concept development.
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Prof. Dr. Rainer Röhrig, Carl von Ossietzky University, Department of Medical Informatics, 26111 Oldenburg, Germany, E-mail: Rainer.Roehrig@uni-oldenburg.de.
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D057286:Electronic Health Records; D004868:Equipment Failure; D006801:Humans; D007256:Information Systems; D061214:Patient Safety; D012308:Risk Management; D057188:Workflow
Clinical Information System; Electronic Medical Records; Equipment Failure; ITIL; Patient Safety