Inhibition of H9N2 Virus Invasion into Dendritic Cells by the S-Layer Protein fromL. acidophilusATCC 4356.
Probiotics are essential for the prevention of virus invasion and the maintenance of the immune balance. However, the mechanism of competition between probiotics and virus are unknown. The objectives of this study were to isolate the surface layer (S-layer) protein fromL. acidophilusATCC 4356 as a new antiviral material, to evaluate the stimulatory effects of the S-layer protein on mouse dendritic cells (DCs) and to verify its ability to inhibit the invasion of H9N2 avian influenza virus (AIV) in DCs. We found that the S-layer protein induced DCs activation and up-regulated the IL-10 secretion. The invasion and replication of the H9N2 virus in mouse DCs was successfully demonstrated. However, the invasion of H9N2 virus into DCs could be inhibited by treatment with the S-layer protein prior to infection, which was verified by the reduced hemagglutinin (HA) and neuraminidase (NA) mRNA expression, and nucleoprotein (NP) protein expression in the DCs. Furthermore, treatment with the S-layer protein increases the Mx1, Isg15, and Ddx58 mRNA expressions, and remits the inflammatory process to inhibit H9N2 AIV infection. In conclusion, the S-layer protein stimulates the activation of mouse DCs, inhibits H9N2 virus invasion of DCs, and stimulates the IFN-I signaling pathway. Thus, the S-layer protein fromLactobacillusis a promising biological antiviral material for AIV prevention.
College of Veterinary Medicine, Histology and Embryology, Nanjing Agricultural University Nanjing, China.
Xue
X
Gao
College of Veterinary Medicine, Histology and Embryology, Nanjing Agricultural University Nanjing, China.
Lulu
L
Huang
College of Veterinary Medicine, Histology and Embryology, Nanjing Agricultural University Nanjing, China.
Liqi
L
Zhu
College of Veterinary Medicine, Histology and Embryology, Nanjing Agricultural University Nanjing, China.
Chunxiao
C
Mou
College of Veterinary Medicine, Histology and Embryology, Nanjing Agricultural University Nanjing, China.
Qihang
Q
Hou
College of Veterinary Medicine, Histology and Embryology, Nanjing Agricultural University Nanjing, China.
Qinghua
Q
Yu
D000818:Animals; D000998:Antiviral Agents / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors; D002460:Cell Line; D016207:Cytokines / Q000235:genetics; D000071457:DEAD Box Protein 58 / Q000235:genetics; D003713:Dendritic Cells / Q000276:immunology* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000821:virology*; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D015870:Gene Expression; D006388:Hemagglutinins / Q000235:genetics; D053127:Influenza A Virus, H9N2 Subtype / Q000187:drug effects*; D016753:Interleukin-10 / Q000378:metabolism; D007779:Lactobacillus acidophilus / Q000378:metabolism*; D008562:Membrane Glycoproteins / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors* / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000378:metabolism; D051379:Mice; D008810:Mice, Inbred C57BL; D064547:Myxovirus Resistance Proteins / Q000235:genetics; D009439:Neuraminidase / Q000235:genetics; D009698:Nucleoproteins / Q000235:genetics; D009976:Orthomyxoviridae Infections / Q000276:immunology / Q000517:prevention & control*; D019936:Probiotics; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000378:metabolism; D014452:Ubiquitins / Q000235:genetics; D015854:Up-Regulation
D000998:Antiviral Agents; D016207:Cytokines; C489550:G1p2 protein, mouse; D006388:Hemagglutinins; D008562:Membrane Glycoproteins; C579070:Mx1 protein, mouse; D064547:Myxovirus Resistance Proteins; D009698:Nucleoproteins; D012333:RNA, Messenger; C055764:S-layer proteins; D014452:Ubiquitins; D016753:Interleukin-10; D009439:Neuraminidase; C503356:Ddx58 protein, mouse; D000071457:DEAD Box Protein 58
L. acidophilus; S-layer protein; avian influenza virus; dendritic cells; mucosal