The Effect of Clinical Exposure to Patients on Medical Students' Attitude Towards Mental Illness.
BACKGROUND
Stigma of mental disorders causes a reduction in seeking help from the health care professionals and is evident across the world.


OBJECTIVE
The current study aimed to compare medical students' attitude towards mental illness after two different psychiatry clerkships in terms of the level of clinical exposure to patients with mental illness.


METHODS
Through a quasi-experimental study, all of the 4th-year medical students were invited to enroll this study conducted in Tehran University of Medical Sciences (TUMS). They were non-randomly assigned into two different psychiatry clerkships from January 2009 to January 2010. One group was enrolled in the traditional lecture-based course (low-exposure) while the second group participated in a novel method with increased hours of patient exposure (high-exposure). Attitude towards mental illness (AMI) was measured by a 22-item questionnaire before and after the clerkship and data were compared between the two groups in terms of changing attitude towards mental illness in five different categories.


RESULTS
A total of 211 participants were enrolled in the study (115 female) of which 115 students (54.5%) were in low-exposure group and 96 students (45.5%) in the high-exposure group. Generally, AMI scores did not differ between the two groups and did not show any significant changes before and after the psychiatry clerkship. The only exceptions to this were AMI4 category (the concept of etiology of the mental illness), which significantly improved after the clerkship in the low-exposure (P = 0.011) and the high-exposure groups (P = 0.024), respectively.


CONCLUSIONS
Exposure of medical students to patients with mental illness did not improve attitude towards mental illness and psychiatric conditions.
Department of Psychiatry, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, IR Iran; Psychosomatic Research Centre, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, IR Iran.
Homayoun
H
Amini
Department of Surgery, Shariati Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, IR Iran.
Saeed
S
Shoar
Department of Psychiatry, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, IR Iran.
Maryam
M
Tabatabaee
Department of Psychiatry, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, IR Iran.
Somaye
S
Arabzadeh
Attitude; Exposure to Patients with Mental Illness; Health Personnel; Medical Students: Mental Disorders