Microbial Profiles and Detection Techniques in Peri-Implant Diseases: a Systematic Review.
OBJECTIVE
To describe the microbial profiles of peri-implant diseases and the main detection methods.


METHODS
A literature search was performed in MEDLINE via PubMed database to identify studies on microbial composition of peri-implant surfaces in humans published in the last 5 years. Studies had to have clear implant status definition for health, peri-implant mucositis and/or peri-implantitis and specifically study microbial composition of the peri-implant sulcus.


RESULTS
A total of 194 studies were screened and 47 included. Peri-implant sites are reported to be different microbial ecosystems compared to periodontal sites. However, differences between periodontal and peri-implant health and disease are not consistent across all studies, possibly due to the bias introduced by the microbial detection technique. New methods non species-oriented are being used to find 'unexpected' microbiota not previously described in these scenarios.


CONCLUSIONS
Microbial profile of peri-implant diseases usually includes classic periodontopathogens. However, correlation between studies is difficult, particularly because of the use of different detection methods. New metagenomic techniques should be promoted for future studies to avoid detection bias.
Department of Oral Surgery and Implant Dentistry, School of Dentistry, University of Granada Spain.
Miguel
M
Padial-Molina
Department of Oral Surgery and Implant Dentistry, School of Dentistry, University of Granada Spain.
Jesús
J
López-Martínez
Department of Pathology and Biopathology and Medicine Regenerative Institute (IBIMER, CIBM), University of Granada Spain.
Francisco
F
O'Valle
Department of Oral Surgery and Implant Dentistry, School of Dentistry, University of Granada Spain.
Pablo
P
Galindo-Moreno
dental implants; diagnosis; microbiology; peri-implantitis