Biomimetic approaches with smart interfaces for bone regeneration.
A 'smart tissue interface' is a host tissue-biomaterial interface capable of triggering favourable biochemical events inspired by stimuli responsive mechanisms. In other words, biomaterial surface is instrumental in dictating the interface functionality. This review aims to investigate the fundamental and favourable requirements of a 'smart tissue interface' that can positively influence the degree of healing and promote bone tissue regeneration. A biomaterial surface when interacts synergistically with the dynamic extracellular matrix, the healing process become accelerated through development of a smart interface. The interface functionality relies equally on bound functional groups and conjugated molecules belonging to the biomaterial and the biological milieu it interacts with. The essential conditions for such a special biomimetic environment are discussed. We highlight the impending prospects of smart interfaces and trying to relate the design approaches as well as critical factors that determine species-specific functionality with special reference to bone tissue regeneration.
Department of Polymer Science and Rubber Technology, Cochin University of Science and Technology, Cochin, 682 022, India. sailajags@gmail.com.
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Sailaja
Biomedical Technology Wing, Sree Chitra Tirunal Institute for Medical Sciences and Technology, Thiruvananthapuram, 695 012, India.
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Ramesh
Dental Biomaterials Research Chair, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.
Sajith
S
Vellappally
Department of Preventive Dental Sciences, College of Dentistry, Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University, Riyadh, Post Box 153, AIKharj 11942, Saudi Arabia.
Sukumaran
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Anil
Biomedical Technology Wing, Sree Chitra Tirunal Institute for Medical Sciences and Technology, Thiruvananthapuram, 695 012, India. varma@sctimst.ac.in.
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HK
Varma
D000818:Animals; D001672:Biocompatible Materials / Q000378:metabolism*; D032701:Biomimetics; D001861:Bone Regeneration; D001842:Bone and Bones / Q000502:physiology; D002113:Calcification, Physiologic; D005109:Extracellular Matrix / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D016348:Osseointegration; D023822:Tissue Engineering
D001672:Biocompatible Materials
Biomimetic; Bone regeneration; Bone tissue engineering; Cell-material interaction; Orthopaedic; Smart interface