Coccolithophore Cell Biology: Chalking Up Progress.
Coccolithophores occupy a special position within the marine phytoplankton because of their production of intricate calcite scales, or coccoliths. Coccolithophores are major contributors to global ocean calcification and long-term carbon fluxes. The intracellular production of coccoliths requires modifications to cellular ultrastructure and metabolism that are surveyed here. In addition to calcification, which appears to have evolved with a diverse range of functions, several other remarkable features that likely underpin the ecological and evolutionary success of coccolithophores have recently been uncovered. These include complex and varied life cycle strategies related to abiotic and biotic interactions as well as a range of novel metabolic pathways and nutritional strategies. Together with knowledge of coccolithophore genetic and physiological variability, these findings are beginning to shed new light on species diversity, distribution, and ecological adaptation. Further advances in genetics and functional characterization at the cellular level will likely to lead to a rapid increase in this understanding.
Department of Biology and Marine Biology, University of North Carolina Wilmington, Wilmington, North Carolina 28403; email: taylora@uncw.edu.
Alison R
AR
Taylor
Marine Biological Association, Plymouth PL1 2PB, United Kingdom; email: cbr@mba.ac.uk , glw@mba.ac.uk.|School of Ocean and Earth Science, National Oceanography Centre, University of Southampton, Southampton SO14 3ZH, United Kingdom.
Colin
C
Brownlee
Marine Biological Association, Plymouth PL1 2PB, United Kingdom; email: cbr@mba.ac.uk , glw@mba.ac.uk.
Glen
G
Wheeler
D002113:Calcification, Physiologic; D002119:Calcium Carbonate; D057486:Carbon Cycle; D058087:Haptophyta / Q000502:physiology*; D010839:Phytoplankton
D002119:Calcium Carbonate
Emiliania; calcification; dimethylsulfoniopropionate; haptophyte; mixotrophy; vesicle; virus