Oxidative Stress andSalvia miltiorrhizain Aging-Associated Cardiovascular Diseases.
Aging-associated cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) have some risk factors that are closely related to oxidative stress.Salvia miltiorrhiza(SM) has been used commonly to treat CVDs for hundreds of years in the Chinese community. We aimed to explore the effects of SM on oxidative stress in aging-associated CVDs. Through literature searches using Medicine, PubMed, EMBASE, Cochrane library, CINAHL, and Scopus databases, we found that SM not only possesses antioxidant, antiapoptotic, and anti-inflammatory effects but also exerts angiogenic and cardioprotective activities. SM may reduce the production of reactive oxygen species by inhibiting oxidases, reducing the production of superoxide, inhibiting the oxidative modification of low-density lipoproteins, and ameliorating mitochondrial oxidative stress. SM also increases the activities of catalase, manganese superoxide dismutase, glutathione peroxidase, and coupled endothelial nitric oxide synthase. In addition, SM reduces the impact of ischemia/reperfusion injury, prevents cardiac fibrosis after myocardial infarction, preserves cardiac function in coronary disease, maintains the integrity of the blood-brain barrier, and promotes self-renewal and proliferation of neural stem/progenitor cells in stroke. However, future clinical well-designed and randomized control trials will be necessary to confirm the efficacy of SM in aging-associated CVDs.
Department of Chinese Medicine, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.
Cheng-Chieh
0000-0002-9553-8342
CC
Chang
Department of Applied Cosmetology, Kao Yuan University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.
Yu-Chun
YC
Chang
Department of Chinese Medicine, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung, Taiwan; Kaohsiung Medical University, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung, Taiwan; Fooyin University College of Nursing, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.
Wen-Long
0000-0001-9549-6202
WL
Hu
Department of Chinese Medicine, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung, Taiwan; School of Chinese Medicine for Post Baccalaureate, I-Shou University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.
Yu-Chiang
0000-0001-7490-4465
YC
Hung
D000367:Age Factors; D000375:Aging / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology; D000818:Animals; D000893:Anti-Inflammatory Agents / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000627:therapeutic use; D000975:Antioxidants / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D017209:Apoptosis / Q000187:drug effects; D002318:Cardiovascular Diseases / Q000209:etiology / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology / Q000517:prevention & control*; D002319:Cardiovascular System / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D006801:Humans; D018384:Oxidative Stress / Q000187:drug effects*; D008517:Phytotherapy; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D010946:Plants, Medicinal; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species / Q000378:metabolism; D012307:Risk Factors; D027561:Salvia miltiorrhiza / Q000737:chemistry*
D000893:Anti-Inflammatory Agents; D000975:Antioxidants; D010936:Plant Extracts; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species