Comprehensive polymerase chain reaction assay for detection of pathogenic DNA in lymphoproliferative disorders of the ocular adnexa.
Infectious agents have been identified as a major cause of specific types of human cancers worldwide. Several microorganisms have been identified as potential aggravators of ocular adnexal neoplasms; however, given the rarity of these neoplasms, large epidemiological studies are difficult to coordinate. This study aimed to conduct an exhaustive search for pathogenic DNA in lymphoproliferative disorders (LPD) of the ocular adnexa in a total of 70 patients who were diagnosed with LPD of the ocular adnexa between 2008 and 2013. Specimens were screened for bacterial, viral, fungal, and parasitic DNA by multiplex polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and quantitative real-time PCR. Among cases of conjunctival mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue lymphoma, human herpes virus (HHV)-6, HHV-7, chlamydia, Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) and bacterial 16S ribosomal DNA were detected. In cases of IgG4-related ocular disease, similar pathogens were detected but in a larger number of patients. Our PCR assays detected DNAs of various infectious agents in tumor specimens, especially HHV6, HHV7, and EBV, with different positive rates in various types of LPD. Chronic inflammatory stimulation or activation of oncogenes from these infectious agents might be involved in the pathogenesis of LPD of the ocular adnexa.
Department of Ophthalmology, Tokyo Medical University, Tokyo, Japan.
Yoshihiko
Y
Usui
Department of Ophthalmology, University of Southern California, USA.
Narsing A
NA
Rao
Department of Ophthalmology &Visual Science, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan.
Hiroshi
H
Takase
Department of Ophthalmology, Tokyo Medical University, Tokyo, Japan.
Kinya
K
Tsubota
Department of Ophthalmology, Tokyo Medical University, Tokyo, Japan.
Kazuhiko
K
Umazume
David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, 10833 Le Conte Ave, Los Angeles, CA 90095.
Daniel
D
Diaz-Aguilar
Department of Ophthalmology, Tokyo Medical University, Tokyo, Japan.
Takeshi
T
Kezuka
Department of Ophthalmology &Visual Science, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan.|Miyata Eye Hospital, Miyakonojo, Japan.
Manabu
M
Mochizuki
Department of Ophthalmology, Tokyo Medical University, Tokyo, Japan.
Hiroshi
H
Goto
Laboratory for Retinal Regeneration, RIKEN Center for Developmental Biology, Kobe, Japan.|Department of Ophthalmology, Kobe City Medical Center General Hospital, Kobe, Japan.
Sunao
S
Sugita
D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D002689:Chlamydia / Q000235:genetics*; D004269:DNA, Bacterial / Q000235:genetics*; D004279:DNA, Viral / Q000235:genetics*; D005128:Eye Diseases / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000235:genetics / Q000382:microbiology / Q000821:virology; D005260:Female; D006564:Herpesviridae / Q000235:genetics*; D006801:Humans; D008232:Lymphoproliferative Disorders / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000235:genetics / Q000382:microbiology / Q000821:virology; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D060885:Multiplex Polymerase Chain Reaction / Q000379:methods*
D004269:DNA, Bacterial; D004279:DNA, Viral