Emerging relationship between CFTR, actin and tight junction organization in cystic fibrosis airway epithelium.
Cystic fibrosis (CF), one of the most common genetic disorders affecting primarily Caucasians, is due to mutations in the CF Transmembrane Conductance Regulator (CFTR) gene, encoding for a chloride channel also acting as regulator of other transmembrane proteins. In healthy subjects, CFTR is maintained in its correct apical plasma membrane location via the formation of a multiprotein complex in which scaffold proteins (such as NHERF1) and signaling molecules (such as cAMP and protein kinases) guarantee its correct functioning. In CF, a disorganized and dysfunctional airway epithelium brings an altered flux of ions and water into the lumen of bronchioles, consequent bacterial infections and an enormous influx of inflammatory cells (mainly polymorphonuclear neutrophils) into the airway lumen. Recent evidence in healthy airway cells supports the notion that CFTR protein/function is strictly correlated with the actin cytoskeleton and tight junctions status. In CF cells, the most frequent CFTR gene mutation, F508del, has been shown to be associated with a disorganized actin cytoskeleton and altered tight junction permeability. Thus, the correct localization of CFTR on the apical plasma membrane domain through the formation of the scaffolding and signaling complex is likely fundamental to determine a physiological airway epithelium. The correction of CFTR mutations by either gene or drug therapies, as well as by stem cell-based interventions, can determine the resumption of a physiological organization of actin stress fibers and TJ structure and barrier function, further indicating the close interrelationship among these processes.
Laboratory of Experimental and Regenerative Medicine, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Foggia, Foggia, Italy.
Stefano
S
Castellani
Department of Biosciences, Biotechnologies and Biopharmaceutics, University of Bari, Bari, Italy.
Maria
M
Favia
Department of Biosciences, Biotechnologies and Biopharmaceutics, University of Bari, Bari, Italy.
Lorenzo
L
Guerra
Laboratory of Experimental and Regenerative Medicine, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Foggia, Foggia, Italy.
Annalucia
A
Carbone
Department of Biosciences, Biotechnologies and Biopharmaceutics, University of Bari, Bari, Italy.
Anna Claudia
AC
Abbattiscianni
Laboratory of Experimental and Regenerative Medicine, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Foggia, Foggia, Italy.
Sante
S
Di Gioia
Department of Biosciences, Biotechnologies and Biopharmaceutics, University of Bari, Bari, Italy.
Valeria
V
Casavola
Laboratory of Experimental and Regenerative Medicine, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Foggia, Foggia, Italy. massimo.conese@unifg.it.
Massimo
M
Conese
D000199:Actins / Q000378:metabolism*; D003550:Cystic Fibrosis / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology*; D019005:Cystic Fibrosis Transmembrane Conductance Regulator / Q000378:metabolism*; D006801:Humans; D020545:Respiratory Mucosa / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology*; D019108:Tight Junctions / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology*
D000199:Actins; D019005:Cystic Fibrosis Transmembrane Conductance Regulator