The roots of empathy: Through the lens of rodent models.
Empathy is a phenomenon often considered dependent on higher-order emotional control and an ability to relate to the emotional state of others. It is, by many, attributed only to species having well-developed cortical circuits capable of performing such complex tasks. However, over the years, a wealth of data has been accumulated showing that rodents are capable not only of sharing emotional states of their conspecifics, but also of prosocial behavior driven by such shared experiences. The study of rodent empathic behaviors is only now becoming an independent research field. Relevant animal models allow precise manipulation of neural networks, thereby offering insight into the foundations of empathy in the mammalian brains. Here we review the data on empathic behaviors in rat and mouse models, their neurobiological and neurophysiological correlates, and the factors influencing these behaviors. We discuss how simple rodent models of empathy enhance our understanding of how brain controls empathic behaviors.
Laboratory of Emotions' Neurobiology, Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology, Warsaw, Poland. Electronic address: k.meyza@nencki.gov.pl.
K Z
KZ
Meyza
Helen Wills Neuroscience Institute, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA.
I Ben-Ami
IB
Bartal
Department of Psychology, University of Texas, Austin, TX, USA.
M H
MH
Monfils
Department of Behavioral Neuroscience, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR, USA.
J B
JB
Panksepp
Laboratory of Emotions' Neurobiology, Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology, Warsaw, Poland. Electronic address: e.knapska@nencki.gov.pl.
E
E
Knapska
D000818:Animals; D001921:Brain; D004644:Emotions; D004645:Empathy
Animal empathy; Emotional contagion; Mouse; Neuronal correlates; Rat; Rodent; Vicarious experience