Cell-Free Circulating Epigenomic Signatures: Non-Invasive Biomarker for Cardiovascular and Other Age-Related Chronic Diseases.
The burden of cardio-vascular and other age-related non-communicable diseases are rapidly increasing worldwide. Majority of these chronic ailments are curable, if diagnosed at early stages. Candidate biomarkers of early detection are therefore essential for identification of high-risk individuals, prompt and accurate disease diagnosis, and to monitor therapeutic response. The functional significance of circulating nucleic acids that recapitulate specific disease profiles is now well established. But subtle changes in DNA sequence may not solely reflect the differentiation of gene expression patterns observed in diverse set of diseases as epigenetic phenomena play a larger role in aetiology and patho-physiology. Unlike genetic markers, knowledge about the diagnostic utility of circulating epigenetic signatures: methylated DNA; micro RNA and modified histones are deficient. Characterization of these novel entities through omics-based molecular technologies might prompt development of a range of laboratory-based strategies, thereby accelerating their broader translational purpose for early disease diagnosis, monitoring therapeutic response and drug resistance. However, largest opportunity for innovation lies in developing point-of-care tests with accurate diagnostic and higher prognostic score that is applicable for screening of high-risk populations.
Translational Research Laboratory, School of Biological Sciences, Dr. Harisingh Gour Central University, Sagar. India.
Arpit
A
Bhargava
Division of Translational Research, Tata Memorial Centre, ACTREC, Navi Mumbai. India.
Naveen Kumar
NK
Khare
Translational Research Laboratory, School of Biological Sciences, Dr. Harisingh Gour Central University, Sagar. India.
Neha
N
Bunkar
School of Medical Science & Technology, Indian Institute of Technology, Kharagpur. India.
Koel
K
Chaudhury
Department of Biochemistry, National Institute for Research in Environmental Health (ICMR), Bhopal. India.
Kailash Chand
KC
Pandey
Translational Research Laboratory, School of Biological Sciences, Dr. Harisingh Gour Central University, Sagar. India.
Subodh K
SK
Jain
Department of Molecular Biology, National Institute for Research in Environmental Health (ICMR), Kamla Nehru Hospital Building (Gandhi Medical College Campus), Bhopal (MP) - 462001. India.
Pradyumna K
PK
Mishra
D000367:Age Factors; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000097:blood; D002318:Cardiovascular Diseases / Q000097:blood* / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000235:genetics*; D002908:Chronic Disease; D044127:Epigenesis, Genetic; D057890:Epigenomics; D006801:Humans
D015415:Biomarkers
Circulating nucleic acids; DNA methylation; histone modifications; miRNA; non-communicable diseases; nucleosomes; translational research