Correlates of sleep disturbances in depressed older persons: the Netherlands study of depression in older persons (NESDO).
OBJECTIVE
Sleep disturbances are common among depressed older persons. To gain insight into sleep disturbances in late-life depression, their occurrence and correlates were assessed.


METHODS
Baseline data of 294 depressed older persons of the Netherlands Study of Depression in Older persons study were used. A diagnosis of current depression according to the diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders-IV (DSM-IV) was assessed with the Composite International Diagnostic Interview. Sleep disturbances were measured with the five-item Women's Health Initiative Insomnia Rating Scale, and considered present with a score of ≥10 points.


RESULTS
Sleep disturbances were present in 59.9% of the depressed older persons. Bivariate linear regression analyses showed that presence of sleep disturbances was associated with fewer years of education, use of alcohol, the number of chronic diseases, higher pain intensity scores, use of more benzodiazepines, more anxiety and severity of depressive symptoms. In multivariate analyses, severity of depression appeared to be the only independent correlate.


CONCLUSIONS
Sleep disturbances are highly prevalent in patients with late-life depression and independently correlated with the severity of depression. Treatment of depression may result in improvement of sleep disturbances, although cognitive behavioral interventions that focus on both depression and sleep disturbances may also be effective.
a Center for Mental Health Care Delfland , Delft , The Netherlands.
Rian Johanna Gerdina
RJG
Peters van Neijenhof
a Center for Mental Health Care Delfland , Delft , The Netherlands.|b Department of Psychiatry , Leiden University Medical Center , Leiden , The Netherlands.
Erik
E
van Duijn
c Department of Psychiatry , EMGO Institute for Health and Care Research , VU University Medical Center/Center for Mental Health Care inGeest , Amsterdam , The Netherlands.
Hannie C
HC
Comijs
d Parnassia Psychiatric Institute , Den Haag , The Netherlands.|e Department of Clinical Psychology , Leiden University Medical Center , Leiden , The Netherlands.
Julia F
http://orcid.org/0000-0003-2143-8661
JF
van den Berg
f Department of Public Health and Primary Care , Leiden University Medical Center , Leiden , The Netherlands.
Margot W M
MWM
de Waal
g Department of Psychiatry , University of Groningen , University Medical Center Groningen, Interdisciplinary Center Psychopathology of Emotion regulation , Groningen , The Netherlands.
Richard C
RC
Oude Voshaar
h Department of Psychiatry , Leiden University Medical Center , Leiden , The Netherlands.|i Department of Psychiatry , Collaborative Antwerp Psychiatric Research Institute , University of Antwerp , Antwerp , Belgium.
Roos C
RC
van der Mast
D017668:Age of Onset; D000368:Aged; D000928:Antidepressive Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D001007:Anxiety / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000523:psychology; D015928:Cognitive Behavioral Therapy / Q000379:methods*; D003863:Depression / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000523:psychology / Q000628:therapy; D039721:Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009426:Netherlands / Q000453:epidemiology; D011569:Psychiatric Status Rating Scales; D012307:Risk Factors; D012893:Sleep Wake Disorders / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000209:etiology / Q000523:psychology; D012959:Socioeconomic Factors
D000928:Antidepressive Agents
Sleep disturbances; depression; old age