Effect of prenatal antioxidant intake on infants' respiratory infection is modified by a CD14 polymorphism.
BACKGROUND
Prenatal maternal diet may influence disease susceptibility in offspring with specific genetic backgrounds. We hypothesized that interactions between prenatal antioxidant intake and polymorphisms in immunity genes influence respiratory tract infection (RTI) susceptibility in infants at 12 months of age.


METHODS
This study included 550 infants. In the Cohort for Childhood Origin of Asthma and Allergic Diseases (COCOA) birth cohort study, prenatal maternal diet was assessed by administering a food frequency questionnaire. Infants' cord blood was genotyped for CD14 (rs2569190), TLR4 (rs1927911), and GSDMB (rs4794820) polymorphisms by the TaqMan method.


RESULTS
Higher prenatal intake of total fruit and vegetables (FV) was associated with the decreased risk of RTI in offspring (P-trend=0.0430). In children with TT genotype at rs2569190, a higher prenatal intake of vitamins A and C, fruits, and total FV decreased RTI risk (P-trend <0.05), while in infants with TC+CC genotype, a higher prenatal intake of fruit increased RTI risk (P-trend <0.05). When analyzing the 3 genotypes, children with TT genotype at rs2569190 were more protected against RTIs compared with those with CC genotype with respect to vitamin C and fruits [odds ratio (OR)=5.04 and OR=10.30, respectively]. In children with CC genotype at rs1927911, RTI risk showed a dose-response association with a higher prenatal intake of vitamin C (P for interaction<0.05). A higher prenatal intake of fruits and total FV reduced RTI risk in infants with GA+AA genotype of rs4794820 (P for interaction<0.05).


CONCLUSIONS
Prenatal antioxidant intake may reduce RTI risk in infants and this relationship may be modified by CD14, TLR4, and GSDMB polymorphisms.
ASEAN Institute for Health Development, Mahidol University, Salaya, Phutthamonthon, Nakhonpathom, Thailand.
Seo Ah
SA
Hong
Department of Pediatrics, Inje University Haeundae Paik Hospital, Busan, Korea.
Eun
E
Lee
Department of Food and Nutrition, Research Institute of Human Ecology, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Korea.
Sung Ok
SO
Kwon
Department of Pediatrics, Severance Children's Hospital, College of Medicine, Yonsei University, Seoul, Korea.
Kyung Won
KW
Kim
Department of Pediatrics, CHA Medical Center, CHA University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.
Youn Ho
YH
Shin
Department of Pediatrics, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.
Kang Mo
KM
Ahn
Division of Allergy and Respiratory Diseases, Korea National Institute of Health, Osong Health Technology Administration Complex, Seoul, Korea.
Eun-Jin
EJ
Kim
Division of Allergy and Respiratory Diseases, Korea National Institute of Health, Osong Health Technology Administration Complex, Seoul, Korea.
Jeom-Gyu
JG
Lee
Department of Food and Nutrition, Research Institute of Human Ecology, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Korea.
Se-Young
SY
Oh
Department of Pediatrics, Childhood Asthma Atopy Center, Environmental Health Center, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, 88 Olympic-ro 43-gil, Songpa-gu, Seoul, 138-736, Korea. sjhong@amc.seoul.kr.
Soo-Jong
SJ
Hong
D000328:Adult; D000975:Antioxidants / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D004032:Diet; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D020022:Genetic Predisposition to Disease; D005865:Gestational Age; D006801:Humans; D015994:Incidence; D007223:Infant; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D007234:Infant, Premature; D018950:Lipopolysaccharide Receptors / Q000235:genetics*; D008137:Longitudinal Studies; D008297:Male; D018811:Maternal Exposure; D011110:Polymorphism, Genetic; D011247:Pregnancy; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012016:Reference Values; D056910:Republic of Korea; D012141:Respiratory Tract Infections / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000235:genetics / Q000517:prevention & control*; D018570:Risk Assessment
D000975:Antioxidants; D018950:Lipopolysaccharide Receptors
CD14; antioxidants; fruit; polymorphism; respiratory tract infection