Tacrolimus Monotherapy after Intravenous Methylprednisolone in Adults with Minimal Change Nephrotic Syndrome.
Glucocorticoid treatment is the first choice therapy for adults with minimal change nephrotic syndrome; however, this therapy associates with many adverse effects. Tacrolimus may be an alternative to conventional glucocorticoid therapy. To investigate this possibility, we conducted a prospective, randomized, controlled trial (WHO International Clinical Trials Registry Platform: ChiCTR-TRC-11001454) in eight renal units across China. We randomized enrolled patients with adult-onset minimal change nephrotic syndrome (n=119) to receive glucocorticoid therapy or tacrolimus after intravenous methylprednisolone (0.8 mg/kg per day) for 10 days. Patients received a conventional glucocorticoid regimen or tacrolimus monotherapy, starting with 0.05 mg/kg per day (target trough whole-blood level of 4-8 ng/ml) for 16-20 weeks and subsequently tapering over approximately 18 weeks. Remission occurred in 51 of 53 (96.2%; all complete remission) glucocorticoid-treated patients and 55 of 56 (98.3%; 52 complete and three partial remission) tacrolimus-treated patients (P=0.61 for remission;P=0.68 for complete remission). The groups had similar mean time to remission (P=0.55). Relapse occurred in 49.0% and 45.5% of the glucocorticoid- and tacrolimus-treated patients, respectively (P=0.71), with similar time to relapse (P=0.86). Seven (13.7%) glucocorticoid-treated and four (7.3%) tacrolimus-treated patients suffered frequent relapse (P=0.28); five glucocorticoid-treated and two tacrolimus-treated patients became drug dependent (P=0.26). Adverse events occurred more frequently in the glucocorticoid group (128 versus 81 in the tacrolimus group). Seven adverse events in the glucocorticoid group and two adverse events in the tacrolimus group were serious. Consequently, tacrolimus monotherapy after short-term intravenous methylprednisolone is noninferior to conventional glucocorticoid treatment for adult-onset minimal change nephrotic syndrome in this cohort.
Kidney Disease Center, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.
Xiayu
X
Li
Department of Nephrology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China.
Zhangsuo
Z
Liu
Department of Nephrology, Sichuan Academy of Medical Sciences, Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, Chengdu, China.
Li
L
Wang
Department of Nephrology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated with Shandong University, Jinan, China.
Rong
R
Wang
Department of Nephrology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.
Guohua
G
Ding
Nephrology Division, Guangdong General Hospital, Guangzhou, China.
Wei
W
Shi
Division of Nephrology, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China; and.
Ping
P
Fu
Department of Nephrology, Daping Hospital, Research Institute of Surgery, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China.
Yani
Y
He
Department of Nephrology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China.
Genyang
G
Cheng
Department of Nephrology, Sichuan Academy of Medical Sciences, Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, Chengdu, China.
Shukun
S
Wu
Department of Nephrology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated with Shandong University, Jinan, China.
Bing
B
Chen
Department of Nephrology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.
Juan
J
Du
Nephrology Division, Guangdong General Hospital, Guangzhou, China.
Zhiming
Z
Ye
Division of Nephrology, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China; and.
Ye
Y
Tao
Department of Nephrology, Daping Hospital, Research Institute of Surgery, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China.
Bengang
B
Huo
Kidney Disease Center, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.
Heng
H
Li
Kidney Disease Center, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China; chenjianghua@zju.edu.cn.
Jianghua
J
Chen
D000328:Adult; D004359:Drug Therapy, Combination; D005260:Female; D005938:Glucocorticoids / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D006801:Humans; D007262:Infusions, Intravenous; D008297:Male; D008775:Methylprednisolone / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D009402:Nephrosis, Lipoid / Q000188:drug therapy*; D011446:Prospective Studies; D016559:Tacrolimus / Q000627:therapeutic use*
D005938:Glucocorticoids; D016559:Tacrolimus; D008775:Methylprednisolone
adults; clinical trial; minimal change nephrotic syndrome; monotherapy; tacrolimus