Phenanthrene and Pyrene Modify the Composition and Structure of the Cultivable Endophytic Bacterial Community in Ryegrass (Lolium multiflorum Lam).
This study provides new insights into the dynamics of bacterial community structure during phytoremediation. The communities of cultivable autochthonous endophytic bacteria in ryegrass exposed to polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) were investigated with regard to their potential to biodegrade PAHs. Bacterial counts and 16S rRNA gene sequence were used in the microbiological evaluation. A total of 33 endophytic bacterial strains were isolated from ryegrass plants, which represented 15 different genera and eight different classes, respectively. Moreover, PAH contamination modified the composition and structure of the endophytic bacterial community in the plants.Bacillussp.,Pantoeasp.,Pseudomonassp.,Arthrobactersp.,Pedobactersp. andDelftiasp. were only isolated from the seedlings exposed to PAHs. Furthermore, the dominant genera in roots shifted fromEnterobactersp. toSerratiasp.,Bacillussp.,Pantoeasp., andStenotrophomonassp., which could highly biodegrade phenanthrene (PHE). However, the diversity of endophytic bacterial community was decreased by exposure to the mixture of PAHs, and increased by respective exposure to PHE and pyrene (PYR), while the abundance was increased by PAH exposure. The results clearly indicated that the exposure of plants to PAHs would be beneficial for improving the effectiveness of phytoremediation of PAHs.
Institute of Organic Contaminant Control and Soil Remediation, College of Resource and Environmental Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China. zhuxuezhu@njau.edu.cn.
Xuezhu
X
Zhu
Institute of Organic Contaminant Control and Soil Remediation, College of Resource and Environmental Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China. jinlinj0411@126.com.
Li
L
Jin
Institute of Organic Contaminant Control and Soil Remediation, College of Resource and Environmental Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China. 2013203015@njau.edu.cn.
Kai
K
Sun
Institute of Organic Contaminant Control and Soil Remediation, College of Resource and Environmental Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China. 2015103062@njau.edu.cn.
Shuang
S
Li
Institute of Organic Contaminant Control and Soil Remediation, College of Resource and Environmental Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China. lixuel@njau.edu.cn.
Xuelin
X
Li
Institute of Organic Contaminant Control and Soil Remediation, College of Resource and Environmental Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China. lingwanting@njau.edu.cn.
Wanting
W
Ling
D001419:Bacteria / Q000145:classification* / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000235:genetics; D001673:Biodegradation, Environmental; D004785:Environmental Pollutants / Q000633:toxicity; D008129:Lolium / Q000382:microbiology*; D010616:Phenanthrenes / Q000494:pharmacology*; D018517:Plant Roots / Q000378:metabolism; D011549:Pseudomonas / Q000235:genetics; D011721:Pyrenes / Q000494:pharmacology*; D012336:RNA, Ribosomal, 16S / Q000235:genetics; D036226:Seedlings; D012989:Soil Pollutants / Q000378:metabolism
D004785:Environmental Pollutants; D010616:Phenanthrenes; D011721:Pyrenes; D012336:RNA, Ribosomal, 16S; D012989:Soil Pollutants; C031181:phenanthrene; C030984:pyrene
biodegradation; community structure; cultivable endophytic bacteria; diversity; polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons