Neuroanatomical changes in Parkinson's disease in relation to cognition: An update.
The pathophysiological changes underlying impairment of cognition in Parkinson's disease (PD) are complex and not fully understood till date. Hence, understanding the structural changes responsible for cognitive decline in PD is essential for early diagnosis and to offer effective treatment. In this review, we discuss the neuroanatomical changes in major brain structures responsible for cognition in PD. We have included the key findings of various studies to provide up-to-date information for better understanding of pathophysiology of PD, which will help researchers and clinicians in planning and developing new treatment methods for the benefit of PD patients.
Department of Anatomy, Azeezia Institute of Medical Sciences and Research Centre, Kollam, Kerala, India.
K G
KG
Prakash
Department of Anatomy, Shri B. M. Patil Medical College, Hospital and Research Centre (B. L. D. E. University), Bijapur, Karnataka, India.
B M
BM
Bannur
Department of Pharmacology, Azeezia Institute of Medical Sciences and Research Centre, Kollam, Kerala, India.
Madhavrao D
MD
Chavan
Department of Anatomy, Azeezia Institute of Medical Sciences and Research Centre, Kollam, Kerala, India.
K
K
Saniya
Department of Physiology, Little Flower Institute of Medical Sciences and Research, Angamaly, Kerala, India.
Kumar Sai
KS
Sailesh
Department of Physiology, Saveetha Medical College, Saveetha University, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India.
Archana
A
Rajagopalan
Cognition; Parkinson's disease; neuroanatomical changes; nonmotor features