Maternal smoking location at home and hospitalization for respiratory tract infections among children in Japan.
We examined the effects of maternal smoking location at home on hospitalization for respiratory tract infections among young children in Japan. We used the large nationwide population-based longitudinal survey and restricted study participants to children born after 37 gestational weeks and singleton births (n = 43,851). We evaluated the associations among children between the ages of 6 and 18 months and between the ages of 18 and 30 months, respectively. After adjusting for potential confounders, both maternal outdoor and indoor smoking were associated with the elevated risk. The adjusted odds ratios (95% confidence intervals) of maternal outdoor and indoor smoking (vs nonsmoking mothers) were 1.21 (1.01-1.44) and 1.18 (1.04-1.33), respectively, in children between the ages of 6 and 18 months. We thus encourage a smoke-free home policy to protect children from second- and third-hand smoke exposure.
a Center for Regional Research, Okayama University , Okayama , Japan.
Michiyo
M
Yamakawa
b Department of Human Ecology , Okayama University Graduate School of Environmental and Life Science , Okayama , Japan.
Takashi
T
Yorifuji
c Department of Social Medicine , National Center for Child Health and Development , Tokyo , Japan.
Tsuguhiko
T
Kato
b Department of Human Ecology , Okayama University Graduate School of Environmental and Life Science , Okayama , Japan.
Toshihide
T
Tsuda
d Department of Epidemiology , Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry, and Pharmaceutical Sciences , Okayama , Japan.
Hiroyuki
H
Doi
D002675:Child, Preschool; D005260:Female; D006760:Hospitalization / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D006798:Housing; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D007564:Japan / Q000453:epidemiology; D008137:Longitudinal Studies; D008297:Male; D009035:Mothers / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D012141:Respiratory Tract Infections / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000209:etiology; D012907:Smoking; D014028:Tobacco Smoke Pollution / Q000009:adverse effects*
D014028:Tobacco Smoke Pollution
Children; epidemiology; respiratory diseases; tobacco