Pediatric selective mutism therapy: a randomized controlled trial.
BACKGROUND
Selective mutism (SM) is a rare disease in children coded by DSM-5 as an anxiety disorder. Despite the disabling nature of the disease, there is still no specific treatment.


OBJECTIVE
The aims of this study were to verify the efficacy of six-month standard psychomotor treatment and the positive changes in lifestyle, in a population of children affected by SM.


METHODS
Randomized controlled trial registered in the European Clinical Trials Registry (EuDract 2015-001161-36).


METHODS
University third level Centre (Child and Adolescent Neuropsychiatry Clinic).


METHODS
Study population was composed by 67 children in group A (psychomotricity treatment) (35 M, mean age 7.84±1.15) and 71 children in group B (behavioral and educational counseling) (37 M, mean age 7.75±1.36).


METHODS
Psychomotor treatment was administered by trained child therapists in residential settings three times per week. Each child was treated for the whole period by the same therapist and all the therapists shared the same protocol. The standard psychomotor session length is of 45 minutes. At T0 and after 6 months (T1) of treatments, patients underwent a behavioral and SM severity assessment. To verify the effects of the psychomotor management, the Child Behavior Checklist questionnaire (CBCL) and Selective Mutism Questionnaire (SMQ) were administered to the parents.


RESULTS
After 6 months of psychomotor treatment SM children showed a significant reduction among CBCL scores such as in social relations, anxious/depressed, social problems and total problems (P<0.001), Withdrawn (P=0.007) and Internalizing problems (P=0.020). Regarding SM severity according to SMQ assessment, children of group A showed a reduction of SM symptoms in all situations (school, P=0.003; family, P=0.018; and social, P=0.030 situations) and in SMQ total score (P<0.001).


CONCLUSIONS
Our preliminary results suggest the positive effect of the psychomotor treatment in rehabilitative program for children affected by selective mutism, even if further studies are needed.


CONCLUSIONS
The present study identifies in psychomotricity a safe and efficacy therapy for pediatric selective mutism.
Clinic of Child and Adolescent Neuropsychiatry, Department of Mental Health, Physical and Preventive Medicine, Second University of Naples, Naples, Italy.
Maria
M
Esposito
Division of Phoniatrics and Audiology, Department of Mental Health, Physical and Preventive Medicine, Second University of Naples, Naples, Italy - francescagimigliano@gmail.com.
Francesca
F
Gimigliano
Division of Phoniatrics and Audiology, Department of Mental Health, Physical and Preventive Medicine, Second University of Naples, Naples, Italy.
Maria R
MR
Barillari
Clinic of Child and Adolescent Neuropsychiatry, Department of Mental Health, Physical and Preventive Medicine, Second University of Naples, Naples, Italy.
Francesco
F
Precenzano
Department of Medical and Surgical Specialties and Dentistry, Second University of Naples, Naples, Italy.
Maria
M
Ruberto
University of Maryland, University College, Maryland, MD, USA.
Joseph
J
Sepe
Division of Phoniatrics and Audiology, Department of Mental Health, Physical and Preventive Medicine, Second University of Naples, Naples, Italy.
Umberto
U
Barillari
Department of Medical and Surgical Specialties and Dentistry, Second University of Naples, Naples, Italy.
Raffaele
R
Gimigliano
Clinic of Child and Adolescent Neuropsychiatry, Department of Mental Health, Physical and Preventive Medicine, Second University of Naples, Naples, Italy.
Roberto
R
Militerni
Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Foggia, Foggia, Italy.
Giovanni
G
Messina
Clinic of Child and Adolescent Neuropsychiatry, Department of Mental Health, Physical and Preventive Medicine, Second University of Naples, Naples, Italy.
Marco
M
Carotenuto
D000293:Adolescent; D001008:Anxiety Disorders / Q000150:complications* / Q000175:diagnosis; D002648:Child; D015928:Cognitive Behavioral Therapy / Q000379:methods*; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D007558:Italy; D008297:Male; D009155:Mutism / Q000209:etiology / Q000523:psychology / Q000628:therapy*; D018570:Risk Assessment; D012720:Severity of Illness Index; D012737:Sex Factors; D016037:Single-Blind Method; D012959:Socioeconomic Factors; D013997:Time Factors; D016896:Treatment Outcome