Protein carbonyl content: a novel biomarker for aging in HIV/AIDS patients.
BACKGROUND
The major complications of "treated" Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) infection are cardiovascular disease, malignancy, renal disease, liver disease, bone disease, and perhaps neurological complications, which are phenomena of the normal aging process occurring at an earlier age in the HIV-infected population. The present study is aimed to explore protein carbonyl content as a biomarker for detecting oxidative DNA damage induced ART toxicity and/or accelerated aging in HIV/AIDS patients.


OBJECTIVE
To investigate the potential of carbonyl content as a biomarker for detecting oxidative Deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) damage induced Antiretroviral Theraphy (ART) toxicity and/or accelerated aging in HIV/AIDS patients.


METHODS
In this case-control study a total 600 subjects were included. All subjects were randomly selected and grouped as HIV-negative (control group) (n=300), HIV-infected ART naive (n=100), HIV-infected on first line ART (n=100), and HIV-infected on second line ART (n=100). Seronegative control subjects were age- and sex-matched with the ART naive patients and the two other groups. Carbonyl protein was determined by the method described in Levine et al. DNA damage marker 8-OH-dG was determined using 8-hydroxy-2-deoxy Guanosine StressXpress ELA Kit by StressMarq Biosciences.


RESULTS
Protein carbonyl content levels and oxidative DNA damage were significantly higher (p<0.05) in HIV-infected patients on second line ART and HIV-infected patients on first line ART than ART naive patients and controls. In a linear regression analysis, increased protein carbonyl content was positively associated with increased DNA damage (OR: 0.356; 95% CI: 0.287-0.426) p<0.05.


CONCLUSIONS
Carbonyl content may has a role as a biomarker for detecting oxidative DNA damage induced ART toxicity and/or accelerated aging in HIV/AIDS patients. Larger studies are warranted to elucidate the role of carbonyl content as a biomarker for premature aging in HIV/AIDS patients.
Grant Government Medical College and Sir JJ Group of Hospitals, Department of Biochemistry, Mumbai, India. Electronic address: vaishali.h@gmail.com.
Vaishali
V
Kolgiri
Grant Government Medical College and Sir JJ Group of Hospitals, Department of Biochemistry, Mumbai, India.
Vinayak Wamanrao
VW
Patil
D000080242:8-Hydroxy-2'-Deoxyguanosine; D000163:Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome / Q000097:blood* / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000503:physiopathology; D000328:Adult; D000367:Age Factors; D000375:Aging / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism; D000818:Animals; D019380:Anti-HIV Agents / Q000009:adverse effects; D023241:Antiretroviral Therapy, Highly Active / Q000009:adverse effects*; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000097:blood; D018791:CD4 Lymphocyte Count; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D004249:DNA Damage / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000502:physiology; D003849:Deoxyguanosine / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000097:blood; D004797:Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D050050:Protein Carbonylation / Q000502:physiology; D012016:Reference Values; D012307:Risk Factors; D018709:Statistics, Nonparametric; D013997:Time Factors; D055815:Young Adult
D019380:Anti-HIV Agents; D015415:Biomarkers; D000080242:8-Hydroxy-2'-Deoxyguanosine; D003849:Deoxyguanosine
8-OH-dG; Carbonyl content; DNA damage; Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection; ROS