Animal models of frailty: current applications in clinical research.
The ethical, logistical, and biological complications of working with an older population of people inherently limits clinical studies of frailty. The recent development of animal models of frailty, and tools for assessing frailty in animal models provides an invaluable opportunity for frailty research. This review summarizes currently published animal models of frailty including the interleukin-10 knock-out mouse, the mouse frailty phenotype assessment tool, and the mouse clinical frailty index. It discusses both current and potential roles of these models in research into mechanisms of frailty, interventions to prevent/delay frailty, and the effect of frailty on outcomes. Finally, this review discusses some of the challenges and opportunities of translating research findings from animals to humans.
Department of Pharmacology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada.
Alice E
AE
Kane
Kolling Institute of Medical Research and Sydney Medical School, University of Sydney; Department of Clinical Pharmacology; Department of Aged Care, Royal North Shore Hospital, Sydney, NSW, Australia.
Sarah N
SN
Hilmer
Kolling Institute of Medical Research and Sydney Medical School, University of Sydney; Department of Clinical Pharmacology; Department of Aged Care, Royal North Shore Hospital, Sydney, NSW, Australia.
John
J
Mach
National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD, USA.
Sarah J
SJ
Mitchell
National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD, USA.
Rafael
R
de Cabo
Department of Pharmacology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada.
Susan E
SE
Howlett
D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000818:Animals; D005260:Female; D016330:Frail Elderly; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D008810:Mice, Inbred C57BL; D018345:Mice, Knockout; D023421:Models, Animal
IL-10 knock-out; frailty index; frailty phenotype; mouse models