Multiple-modality exercise and mind-motor training to improve cardiovascular health and fitness in older adults at risk for cognitive impairment: A randomized controlled trial.
BACKGROUND
The effects of multiple-modality exercise on arterial stiffening and cardiovascular fitness has not been fully explored.


OBJECTIVE
To explore the influence of a 24-week multiple-modality exercise program associated with a mind-motor training in cardiovascular health and fitness in community-dwelling older adults, compared to multiple-modality exercise (M2) alone.


METHODS
Participants (n=127, aged 67.5 [7.3] years, 71% females) were randomized to either M4 or M2 groups. Both groups received multiple-modality exercise intervention (60min/day, 3days/week for 24-weeks); however, the M4 group underwent additional 15min of mind-motor training, whereas the M2 group received 15min of balance training. Participants were assessed at 24-weeks and after a 28-week non-contact follow-up (52-weeks).


RESULTS
at 52-weeks, the M4 group demonstrated a greater VO2max (ml/kg/min) compared to the M2 group (mean difference: 2.39, 95% CI: 0. 61 to 4.16, p=0.009). Within-group analysis indicated that the M4 group demonstrated a positive change in VO2max at 24-weeks (mean change: 1.93, 95% CI: 0.82 to 3.05, p=0.001) and 52-weeks (4.02, 95% CI: 2.71 to 5.32, p=0.001). Similarly, the M2 group increased VO2max at 24-weeks (2.28, 95% CI: 1.23 to 3.32, p<0.001) and 52-weeks (1.63, 95% CI: 0.43 to 2.83, p=0.008). Additionally, the M2 group decreased 24h SBP (mmHg) at 24-weeks (-2.31, 95% CI: -4.61 to -0.01, p=0.049); whereas the M4 group improved 24h DBP (-1.6, 95% CI: -3.03 to -0.17, p=0.028) at 52-weeks.


CONCLUSIONS
Mind-motor training associated with multiple-modality exercise can positively impact cardiovascular fitness to the same extent as multiple-modality exercise alone.
School of Kinesiology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Western University, London, ON, Canada; Lawson Health Research Institute, London, ON, Canada. Electronic address: nboasort@uwo.ca.
Narlon C
NC
Boa Sorte Silva
Lawson Health Research Institute, London, ON, Canada; Department of Family Medicine, Schulich School of Medicine & Dentistry, Western University, London, ON, Canada; Graduate Program in Health & Rehabilitation Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, Western University, London, ON, Canada. Electronic address: mgregor7@uwo.ca.
Michael A
MA
Gregory
Lawson Health Research Institute, London, ON, Canada; Department of Family Medicine, Schulich School of Medicine & Dentistry, Western University, London, ON, Canada; Graduate Program in Health & Rehabilitation Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, Western University, London, ON, Canada; School of Health Studies, Faculty of Health Sciences, Western University, London, ON, Canada. Electronic address: dawn.gill@uwo.ca.
Dawn P
DP
Gill
School of Kinesiology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Western University, London, ON, Canada; Lawson Health Research Institute, London, ON, Canada; Department of Family Medicine, Schulich School of Medicine & Dentistry, Western University, London, ON, Canada; Graduate Program in Health & Rehabilitation Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, Western University, London, ON, Canada. Electronic address: petrella@uwo.ca.
Robert J
RJ
Petrella
D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D002318:Cardiovascular Diseases / Q000517:prevention & control*; D003072:Cognition Disorders / Q000517:prevention & control*; D005081:Exercise Therapy / Q000379:methods*; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006293:Health Promotion / Q000379:methods*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010809:Physical Fitness; D016896:Treatment Outcome
Cardiovascular health; Exercise; Group-based program; Mind-motor training; Older adults; Randomized controlled trial