Genotyping and detection of common avian and human origin-influenza viruses using a portable chemiluminescence imaging microarray.
BACKGROUND
Influenza viruses are divided into three types, A, B, and C. Human influenza A and B viruses can cause seasonal epidemics, but influenza C causes only a mild respiratory illness. Influenza A virus can infect various host species. In 2013, human-infectious avian influenza A (H7N9) was first reported in China. By the second week of 2014, there were 210 laboratory-confirmed human cases in the country, and the mortality rate eventually reached 22 %. Rapid and accurate diagnosis of influenza viruses is important for clinical management and epidemiology.


METHODS
In this assay, a cost-effective chemiluminescence (CL) detection oligonucleotide microarray was developed to genotype and detect avian influenza A (H7N9), avian influenza A (H5N1), 2009 influenza A (H1N1), seasonal influenza A (H1N1), and seasonal influenza A (H3N2). Influenza A viruses and influenza B viruses were also generally detected using this microarray.


RESULTS
The results of detection of 40 cultivated influenza virus strains showed that the microarray was able to distinguish the subtypes of these influenza viruses very well. The microarray possessed similar or 10 fold higher limit of detection than the real-time RT-PCR method. Sixty-six clinical swab samples were detected using this microarray and verified with real time RT-PCR to evaluate the efficiency of this microarray for clinical testing.


CONCLUSIONS
A reliable CL detection oligonucleotide microarray had been developed to genotype and detected these influenza viruses.
Department of Pharmacy, 210th Hospital of the Chinese People's Liberation Army, Dalian, 116021 People's Republic of China.|Postdoctoral Research Workstation, 210th Hospital of the Chinese People's Liberation Army, Dalian, 116015 People's Republic of China.
Yingjie
Y
Zhang
Key Laboratory of New Molecular Diagnosis Technologies for Infectious Diseases, Institute of Radiation Medicine, Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100850 People's Republic of China.|Key Laboratory of New Molecular Diagnosis Technologies for Infectious Diseases of Beijing, Beijing, 100850 People's Republic of China.
Qiqi
Q
Liu
Key Laboratory of New Molecular Diagnosis Technologies for Infectious Diseases, Institute of Radiation Medicine, Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100850 People's Republic of China.
Dou
D
Wang
Key Laboratory of New Molecular Diagnosis Technologies for Infectious Diseases, Institute of Radiation Medicine, Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100850 People's Republic of China.|Key Laboratory of New Molecular Diagnosis Technologies for Infectious Diseases of Beijing, Beijing, 100850 People's Republic of China.
Suhong
S
Chen
Department of Pharmacy, 210th Hospital of the Chinese People's Liberation Army, Dalian, 116021 People's Republic of China.|Postdoctoral Research Workstation, 210th Hospital of the Chinese People's Liberation Army, Dalian, 116015 People's Republic of China.
Xiaobo
X
Wang
Key Laboratory of New Molecular Diagnosis Technologies for Infectious Diseases, Institute of Radiation Medicine, Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100850 People's Republic of China.|Key Laboratory of New Molecular Diagnosis Technologies for Infectious Diseases of Beijing, Beijing, 100850 People's Republic of China.
Shengqi
S
Wang
Avian-origin influenza viruses; Chemiluminescence; Human-origin Influenza viruses; Microarray