Quality of life and related factors among chronic hepatitis B-infected patients: a multi-center study, Turkey.
BACKGROUND
The aim of this study was to assess health-related quality of life (HRQOL) among chronic hepatitis B (CHB) patients in Turkey and to study related factors.


METHODS
This multicenter study was carried out between January 01 and April 15, 2015 in Turkey in 57 centers. Adults were enrolled and studied in three groups. Group 1: Inactive HBsAg carriers, Group 2: CHB patients receiving antiviral therapy, Group 3: CHB patients who were neither receiving antiviral therapy nor were inactive HBsAg carriers. Study data was collected by face-to-face interviews using a standardized questionnaire, Short Form-36 (SF-36) and Hepatitis B Quality of Life (HBQOL). Values equivalent to p < 0.05 in analyses were accepted as statistically significant.


RESULTS
Four thousand two hundred fifty-seven patients with CHB were included in the study. Two thousand five hundred fifty-nine (60.1 %) of the patients were males. Groups 1, 2 and 3, consisted of 1529 (35.9 %), 1721 (40.4 %) and 1007 (23.7 %) patients, respectively. The highest value of HRQOL was found in inactive HBsAg carriers. We found that total HBQOL score increased when antiviral treatment was used. However, HRQOL of CHB patients varied according to their socio-demographic properties. Regarding total HBQOL score, a higher significant level of HRQOL was determined in inactive HBV patients when matched controls with the associated factors were provided.


CONCLUSIONS
The HRQOL score of CHB patients was higher than expected and it can be worsen when the disease becomes active. Use of an antiviral therapy can contribute to increasing HRQOL of patients.
Department of Infectious Diseases and Clinical Microbiology, Etimesgut Military Hospital, Ankara, Turkey. zehrakaracaer@yahoo.com.
Zehra
http://orcid.org/0000-0002-2658-4679
Z
Karacaer
Institute of Public Health, Hacettepe University Faculty of Medicine, Ankara, Turkey.
Banu
B
Cakir
Department of Infectious Diseases and Clinical Microbiology, Gulhane Military Medical Academy, Ankara, Turkey.
Hakan
H
Erdem
Department of Infectious Diseases and Clinical Microbiology, 25 Aralık State Hospital, Gaziantep, Turkey.
Kenan
K
Ugurlu
Department of Infectious Diseases and Clinical Microbiology, Sevket Yilmaz Training and Research Hospital, Bursa, Turkey.
Gul
G
Durmus
Department of Infectious Diseases and Clinical Microbiology, Duzce University School of Medicine, Duzce, Turkey.
Nevin Koc
NK
Ince
Department of Infectious Diseases and Clinical Microbiology, Recep Tayyip Erdogan University School of Medicine, Rize, Turkey.
Cinar
C
Ozturk
Department of Infectious Diseases, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Medical School, Houston, TX, USA.
Rodrigo
R
Hasbun
Department of Infectious Diseases and Clinical Microbiology, Kartal Dr. Lutfi Kirdar Education and Research Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey.
Ayse
A
Batirel
Department of Infectious Diseases and Clinical Microbiology, Samsun Training and Research Hospital, Samsun, Turkey.
Esmeray Mutlu
EM
Yilmaz
Department of Infectious Diseases and Clinical Microbiology, Ondokuz Mayis University School of Medicine, Samsun, Turkey.
Ilkay
I
Bozkurt
Department of Infectious Diseases and Clinical Microbiology, Ondokuz Mayis University School of Medicine, Samsun, Turkey.
Mustafa
M
Sunbul
Department of Infectious Diseases and Clinical Microbiology, Ataturk State Hospital, Zonguldak, Turkey.
Aynur
A
Aynioglu
Department of Infectious Diseases and Clinical Microbiology, Samsun Training and Research Hospital, Samsun, Turkey.
Aynur
A
Atilla
Department of Infectious Diseases and Clinical Microbiology, Bozok University School of Medicine, Yozgat, Turkey.
Ayse
A
Erbay
Department of Infectious Diseases and Clinical Microbiology, Kanuni Sultan Suleyman Training and Research Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey.
Ayse
A
Inci
Department of Infectious Diseases and Clinical Microbiology, Bozok University School of Medicine, Yozgat, Turkey.
Cigdem
C
Kader
Department of Infectious Diseases and Clinical Microbiology, Marmara University Pendik Training and Research Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey.
Elif Tukenmez
ET
Tigen
Department of Infectious Diseases and Clinical Microbiology, Gulhane Military Medical Academy Haydarpasa Training and Research Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey.
Gokhan
G
Karaahmetoglu
Department of Infectious Diseases and Clinical Microbiology, Bozyaka Training and Research Hospital, Izmir, Turkey.
Seher Ayten
SA
Coskuner
Department of Infectious Diseases and Clinical Microbiology, Bozyaka Training and Research Hospital, Izmir, Turkey.
Ebru
E
Dik
Department of Infectious Diseases and Clinical Microbiology, Izmir Metropolitan Municipalities Esrefpasa Hospital, Izmir, Turkey.
Huseyin
H
Tarakci
Department of Infectious Diseases and Clinical Microbiology, Bozyaka Training and Research Hospital, Izmir, Turkey.
Selma
S
Tosun
Department of Infectious Diseases and Clinical Microbiology, Konya Training and Research Hospital, Konya, Turkey.
Fatime
F
Korkmaz
Department of Infectious Diseases and Clinical Microbiology, Yildirim Beyazit University Ankara Ataturk Training and Research Hospital, Ankara, Turkey.
Servet
S
Kolgelier
Department of Infectious Diseases and Clinical Microbiology, Medeniyet University, Goztepe Training and Research Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey.
Fatma Yilmaz
FY
Karadag
Department of Infectious Diseases and Clinical Microbiology, Haydarpasa Numune Training and Research Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey.
Serpil
S
Erol
Department of Infectious Diseases and Clinical Microbiology, Bagcilar Training and Research Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey.
Kamuran
K
Turker
Department of Infectious Diseases and Clinical Microbiology, Pamukkale University School of Medicine, Denizli, Turkey.
Ceyda
C
Necan
Department of Infectious Diseases and Clinical Microbiology, Giresun State Hospital, Giresun, Turkey.
Ahmet Melih
AM
Sahin
Department of Infectious Diseases and Clinical Microbiology, Medeniyet University, Goztepe Training and Research Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey.
Pinar
P
Ergen
Department of Infectious Diseases and Clinical Microbiology, Ankara Oncology Training and Research Hospital, Ankara, Turkey.
Gulsen
G
Iskender
Department of Infectious Diseases and Clinical Microbiology, Dumlupinar University Evliya Celebi Training and Research Hospital, Kutahya, Turkey.
Pinar
P
Korkmaz
Department of Infectious Diseases and Clinical Microbiology, Necmettin Erbakan University, Meram School of Medicine, Konya, Turkey.
Esma Gulesen
EG
Eroglu
Department of Infectious Diseases and Clinical Microbiology, Eyup State Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey.
Yasemin
Y
Durdu
Department of Infectious Diseases and Clinical Microbiology, Umit Hospital, Eskisehir, Turkey.
Mehmet
M
Ulug
Department of Infectious Diseases and Clinical Microbiology, Kecioren Training and Research Hospital, Ankara, Turkey.
Suna Secil
SS
Deniz
Department of Infectious Diseases and Clinical Microbiology, Kecioren Training and Research Hospital, Ankara, Turkey.
Filiz
F
Koc
Department of Infectious Diseases and Clinical Microbiology, Osmangazi University School of Medicine, Eskisehir, Turkey.
Saygın Nayman
SN
Alpat
Department of Infectious Diseases and Clinical Microbiology, Antalya Training and Research Hospital, Antalya, Turkey.
Nefise
N
Oztoprak
Department of Infectious Diseases and Clinical Microbiology, Mustafa Kemal University School of Medicine, Hatay, Turkey.
Omer
O
Evirgen
Department of Infectious Diseases and Clinical Microbiology, Sitki Kocman University School of Medicine, Mugla, Turkey.
Hamdi
H
Sozen
Department of Infectious Diseases and Clinical Microbiology, Corlu State Hospital, Tekirdag, Turkey.
Mustafa
M
Dogan
Department of Infectious Diseases and Clinical Microbiology, Karadeniz Technical University School of Medicine, Trabzon, Turkey.
Selcuk
S
Kaya
Department of Infectious Diseases and Clinical Microbiology, Gazi Yasargil Training and Research Hospital, Diyarbakir, Turkey.
Safak
S
Kaya
Department of Clinical Microbiology, Sakarya University School of Medicine, Sakarya, Turkey.
Mustafa
M
Altindis
Department of Infectious Diseases and Clinical Microbiology, Dicle University School of Medicine, Diyarbakir, Turkey.
Emel
E
Aslan
Department of Infectious Diseases and Clinical Microbiology, Dicle University School of Medicine, Diyarbakir, Turkey.
Recep
R
Tekin
Department of Infectious Diseases and Clinical Microbiology, Corlu State Hospital, Tekirdag, Turkey.
Busra Ergut
BE
Sezer
Department of Infectious Diseases and Clinical Microbiology, Denizli State Hospital, Denizli, Turkey.
Kevser
K
Ozdemir
Department of Infectious Diseases and Clinical Microbiology, Mersin University School of Medicine, Mersin, Turkey.
Gulden
G
Ersoz
Department of Infectious Diseases and Clinical Microbiology, Gaziantep University School of Medicine, Gaziantep, Turkey.
Ahmet
A
Sahin
Department of Infectious Diseases and Clinical Microbiology, Kayseri Training and Research Hospital, Kayseri, Turkey.
Ilhami
I
Celik
Department of Infectious Diseases and Clinical Microbiology, Kafkas University School of Medicine, Kars, Turkey.
Emsal
E
Aydin
Department of Infectious Diseases and Clinical Microbiology, Ankara Numune Training and Research Hospital, Ankara, Turkey.
Aliye
A
Bastug
Department of Infectious Diseases and Clinical Microbiology, Sani Konukoglu Hospital, Gaziantep, Turkey.
Rezan
R
Harman
Department of Infectious Diseases and Clinical Microbiology, Karsıkaya State Hospital, Izmir, Turkey.
Hacer Deniz
HD
Ozkaya
Department of Infectious Diseases and Clinical Microbiology, Ataturk University School of Medicine, Erzurum, Turkey.
Emine
E
Parlak
Department of Infectious Diseases and Clinical Microbiology, Trabzon Kanuni Training and Research Hospital, Trabzon, Turkey.
Ilknur
I
Yavuz
Department of Infectious Diseases and Clinical Microbiology, Onsekiz Mart University School of Medicine, Canakkale, Turkey.
Suzan
S
Sacar
Department of Infectious Diseases and Clinical Microbiology, Umraniye Training and Research Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey.
Senol
S
Comoglu
Department of Infectious Diseases and Clinical Microbiology, Kasimpasa Military Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey.
Ercan
E
Yenilmez
Department of Infectious Diseases and Clinical Microbiology, Abant Izzet Baysal University School of Medicine, Bolu, Turkey.
Fatma
F
Sirmatel
Department of Infectious Diseases and Clinical Microbiology, Istanbul University Cerrahpasa School of Medicine, Istanbul, Turkey.
Ilker Inanc
II
Balkan
Department of Infectious Diseases and Clinical Microbiology, Balikesir University School of Medicine, Balikesir, Turkey.
Yesim
Y
Alpay
Department of Infectious Diseases and Clinical Microbiology, Canakkale Military Hospital, Canakkale, Turkey.
Mustafa
M
Hatipoglu
Department of Infectious Diseases and Clinical Microbiology, Firat University School of Medicine, Elazig, Turkey.
Affan
A
Denk
Department of Infectious Diseases and Clinical Microbiology, Izmir Dr. Suat Seren Pulmonology and Pulmonary Surgery Training and Research Hospital, Izmir, Turkey.
Gunes
G
Senol
Department of Infectious Diseases and Clinical Microbiology, Necmettin Erbakan University, Meram School of Medicine, Konya, Turkey.
Mehmet
M
Bitirgen
Department of Infectious Diseases and Clinical Microbiology, Duzce University School of Medicine, Duzce, Turkey.
Mehmet Faruk
MF
Geyik
Department of Infectious Diseases and Clinical Microbiology, Yildirim Beyazit University Ankara Ataturk Training and Research Hospital, Ankara, Turkey.
Rahmet
R
Guner
Department of Infectious Diseases and Clinical Microbiology, Umraniye Training and Research Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey.
Ayten
A
Kadanali
Department of Infectious Diseases and Clinical Microbiology, Gulhane Military Medical Academy, Ankara, Turkey.
Ahmet
A
Karakas
Department of Infectious Diseases and Clinical Microbiology, Gaziantep University School of Medicine, Gaziantep, Turkey.
Mustafa
M
Namiduru
Department of Infectious Diseases and Clinical Microbiology, Firat University School of Medicine, Elazig, Turkey.
Hatice
H
Udurgucu
Faculty of Health Sciences, Department of Nursing, Selahaddin Eyyubi University, Diyarbakir, Turkey.
Rukiye Pinar
RP
Boluktas
Department of Infectious Diseases and Clinical Microbiology, Van Military Hospital, Van, Turkey.
Ergenekon
E
Karagoz
Department of Gastroenterology, Ankara University School of Medicine, Ankara, Turkey.
Necati
N
Ormeci
D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000998:Antiviral Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D005260:Female; D006305:Health Status Indicators; D019694:Hepatitis B, Chronic / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000523:psychology; D006801:Humans; D007407:Interviews as Topic; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011446:Prospective Studies; D011788:Quality of Life; D014421:Turkey
D000998:Antiviral Agents
Chronic hepatitis B infection; Quality of life; The Hepatitis B Quality of Life Instrument; Turkey