Essential Oils from Ugandan Medicinal Plants:In VitroCytotoxicity and Effects on IL-1β-Induced Proinflammatory Mediators by Human Gingival Fibroblasts.
The study investigated cytotoxicity of essential oils from four medicinal plants (Bidens pilosa,Ocimum gratissimum,Cymbopogon nardus, andZanthoxylum chalybeum) on human gingival fibroblasts and their effects on proinflammatory mediators' secretion. Cytotoxicity of essential oils was investigated using 3-(4, 5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyl-tetrazolium bromide assay. Effects of essential oils at subcytotoxicity concentrations on interleukin- (IL-) 6, IL-8, and prostaglandin E2(PGE2) secretions by gingival fibroblasts treated with IL-1β(300 pg/mL) were evaluated by ELISA and EIA. IC50values of the essential oils ranged from 26μg/mL to 50μg/mL. Baseline and IL-1β-induced secretion of PGE2was inhibited by treatment with essential oil fromO. gratissimum. Essential oils fromB. pilosaandC. nardushad synergistic effects with IL-1βon PGE2seceretion. In conclusion, the study suggests that essential oil fromO. gratissimumdecreases gingival fibroblasts secretion of PGE2, while essential oils fromB. pilosaandC. nardusincrease PGE2secretion. Essential oil fromZ. chalybeumwas the most cytotoxic, while oil fromC. narduswas the least cytotoxic. Although the clinical significance of these findings remains to be determined, it may be suggested that essential oil fromO. gratissimum, applied at subcytotoxicity concentrations, could reduce the participation of gingival fibroblasts in the gingival inflammation and tissue destruction associated with periodontitis.
Department of Dentistry, School of Health Sciences, College of Health Sciences, Makerere University, P.O. Box 7072, Kampala, Uganda.
Francis
0000-0002-6964-0159
F
Ocheng
Department of Medical Microbiology, School of Biomedical Sciences, College of Health Sciences, Makerere University, P.O. Box 7072, Kampala, Uganda.
Freddie
F
Bwanga
Department of Dental Medicine, Unit of Periodontology, Karolinska Institutet, P.O. Box 4064, 141 04 Huddinge, Sweden.
Elisabeth
0000-0003-1788-7501
E
Almer Boström
Department of Medical Microbiology, School of Biomedical Sciences, College of Health Sciences, Makerere University, P.O. Box 7072, Kampala, Uganda.
Moses
M
Joloba
Ecological Chemistry Group, Department of Chemistry, School of Chemical Science and Engineering, Royal Institute of Technology, 100 44 Stockholm, Sweden.
Anna-Karin
AK
Borg-Karlson
Department of Dental Medicine, Unit of Periodontology, Karolinska Institutet, P.O. Box 4064, 141 04 Huddinge, Sweden.
Tülay
T
Yucel-Lindberg
Mbarara University of Science and Technology, P.O. Box 1410, Mbarara, Uganda.
Celestino
C
Obua
Department of Dental Medicine, Unit of Periodontology, Karolinska Institutet, P.O. Box 4064, 141 04 Huddinge, Sweden.
Anders
0000-0001-6481-858X
A
Gustafsson