Vascular Inflammation: A Novel Access Route for Nanomedicine.
Despite an improved understanding of its pathophysiology and a wide range of new treatments, cardiovascular disease (CVD) remains a serious public health issue and the number one cause of mortality in the United States. Conditions that promote chronic systemic inflammation, such as obesity, cancer, and autoimmune and infectious diseases, are now known to play an important role in promoting CVD by inducing the expression of endothelial adhesion molecules and chemokines; these in turn promote leukocyte adherence and infiltration, which initiates and spurs the progression of CVD. In response to this new understanding, researchers are evaluating the potential cardiovascular benefits of new-generation therapies based on endogenous molecules with anti-inflammatory properties. Similarly, targeted approaches that leverage the phenotypic differences between non-inflamed and inflamed endothelia have the potential to selectively deliver therapeutics and decrease the morbidity and mortality of CVD patients. In this review, we discuss the role of inflammation in CVD and explore the therapeutic potential of targeting inflamed vasculature through conventional and biomimetic approaches.
Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, Texas.
Roberto
R
Molinaro
Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, Texas; Escuela de Ingeniería y Ciencias, Tecnológico de Monterrey, Monterrey, Nuevo León, Mexico.
Christian
C
Boada
Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, Texas.
Guillermo Medrano
GM
Del Rosal
Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, Texas.
Kelly A
KA
Hartman
Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, Texas; CEINGE, Biotecnologie Avanzate S.c.a.r.l., Naples, Italy.
Claudia
C
Corbo
Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, Texas.
Elizabeth D
ED
Andrews
Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, Texas.
Naama E
NE
Toledano-Furman
Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, Texas.
John P
JP
Cooke
Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, Texas; Houston Methodist Hospital, Houston, Texas.
Ennio
E
Tasciotti
D001685:Biological Factors / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D016503:Drug Delivery Systems; D006801:Humans; D050997:Nanomedicine / Q000379:methods*; D053758:Nanoparticles; D014657:Vasculitis / Q000188:drug therapy*
D001685:Biological Factors
C-reactive protein; NF-kB; cardiovascular diseases; drug delivery platform; endotheliopathies; endothelium; statins; theranostic; vascular inflammation