Holistic sludge management through ozonation: A critical review.
This paper critically reviews the multidimensional benefits of ozonation in wastewater treatment plants. These benefits include sludge reduction, removal of emerging trace organic contaminants (TrOC) from wastewater and sludge, and resource recovery from sludge. Literature shows that ozonation leads to sludge solubilisation, reducing overall biomass yield. Sludge solubilisation is primarily influenced by ozone dosage, which, in turn, depends on the fraction of ozonated sludge, ozone concentration, and sludge concentration. Additionally, sludge ozonation facilitates the removal of TrOCs from wastewater. On the other hand, by inducing cell lysis, ozonation increases the chemical oxygen demand (COD) and nutrient concentration of the sludge supernatant, which deteriorates effluent quality. This issue can be resolved by implementing resource recovery. Thus far, successful retrieval of phosphorous from ozonated sludge supernatant has been performed. The recovery of phosphorous and other resources from sludge could help offset the operation cost of ozonation, and give greater incentive for wastewater treatment plants to adapt this approach.
Strategic Water Infrastructure Laboratory, School of Civil, Mining and Environmental Engineering, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW, 2522, Australia.
Galilee U
GU
Semblante
Strategic Water Infrastructure Laboratory, School of Civil, Mining and Environmental Engineering, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW, 2522, Australia. Electronic address: faisal@uow.edu.au.
Faisal I
FI
Hai
Environmental Engineering and Science Program, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, 45221-0012, USA.
Dionysios D
DD
Dionysiou
Integrated Research System for Sustainability Science, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Tokyo, 113-8654, Japan.
Kensuke
K
Fukushi
Strategic Water Infrastructure Laboratory, School of Chemistry, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW, 2522, Australia.
William E
WE
Price
Strategic Water Infrastructure Laboratory, School of Civil, Mining and Environmental Engineering, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW, 2522, Australia.
Long D
LD
Nghiem
D057919:Biological Oxygen Demand Analysis; D010126:Ozone; D012722:Sewage; D064091:Waste Disposal Facilities; D014865:Waste Disposal, Fluid / Q000379:methods*; D062065:Wastewater / Q000737:chemistry*
D010126:Ozone; D012722:Sewage; D062065:Wastewater
Cryptic growth; Effluent quality; Ozone; Phosphorous recovery; Sludge reduction