Marine Biota and Psychological Well-Being: A Preliminary Examination of Dose-Response Effects in an Aquarium Setting.
Exposure to natural environments can have calming and stress-reducing effects on humans. Moreover, previous studies suggest that these benefits may be greater in areas with higher species richness. Our study took advantage of a "natural experiment" to examine people's behavioral, physiological, and psychological reactions to increases in levels of marine biota in a large aquarium exhibit during three stages of restocking: Unstocked, Partially stocked, and Fully stocked. We found that increased biota levels were associated with longer spontaneous viewing of the exhibit, greater reductions in heart rate, greater increases in self-reported mood, and higher interest. We suggest that higher biota levels, even in managed settings, may be associated with important well-being and health benefits, particularly for individuals not able to access the natural analogues of managed environments.
National Marine Aquarium, Plymouth, UK; Plymouth University, UK.
Deborah
D
Cracknell
University of Exeter Medical School, UK.
Mathew P
MP
White
Plymouth University, UK.
Sabine
S
Pahl
California Academy of Sciences, San Francisco, USA.
Wallace J
WJ
Nichols
University of Exeter Medical School, UK.
Michael H
MH
Depledge
aquarium; aquatic environment; biodiversity; health and well-being; restoration