Basophil mediated pro-allergic inflammation in vehicle-emitted particles exposure.
Despite of the fact that engine manufacturers develop a new technology to reduce exhaust emissions, insufficient attention given to particulate emissions. However, diesel exhaust particles are a major source of air-borne pollution, contain vast amount of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and may have deleterious effects on the immune system, resulting in the induction and enhancement of pro-allergic processes. In the current study, vehicle emitted particles (VEP) from 2 different types of cars (diesel - D and gasoline - G) and locomotive (L) were collected. Overall, 129 four-week-old, male SPF-class Kunming mice were subcutaneously instilled with either low dose 100, 250 or high dose, 500mg/kg VEP and 15 mice were assigned as control group. The systemic toxicity was evaluated and alterations in the percentages of the CD3, CD4, CD8, CD16, CD25 expressing cells, basophils, eosinophils and neutrophils were determined. Basophil percentages were inversely associated with the PAH content of the VEPs, however basophil sensitization was more important than cell count in VEP exposure. Thus, the effects of VEP-PAHs emerge with the activation of basophils in an allergen independent fashion. Despite the increased percentage of CD4+ T cells, a sharp decrease in basophil counts at 500mg/kg of VEP indicates a decreased inhibitory effect of CD16+ monocytes on the proliferation of CD4+ T cell and suppressed polarization into a Th2 phenotype. Therefore, although the restrictions for vehicles emissions differ between countries, follow up studies and strict regulations are needed.
Far Eastern Federal University, Engineering School, Scientific Educational Centre of Nanotechnology, 690950, Vladivostok, Russia.
Alexander M
AM
Zakharenko
Gazi University, Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Toxicology, 06330, Hipodrom, Ankara, Turkey.
Ayse Basak
AB
Engin
Far Eastern Federal University, Engineering School, Scientific Educational Centre of Nanotechnology, 690950, Vladivostok, Russia.
Valery V
VV
Chernyshev
Far Eastern Federal University, Engineering School, Scientific Educational Centre of Nanotechnology, 690950, Vladivostok, Russia.
Vladimir V
VV
Chaika
Far Eastern Federal University, Engineering School, Scientific Educational Centre of Nanotechnology, 690950, Vladivostok, Russia.
Sergey M
SM
Ugay
Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, School of Medicine, North Khorasan University of Medical Sciences, Bojnurd, Iran.
Ramin
R
Rezaee
Pharmaceutical Research Center, Department of Pharmacodynamics and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
Gholamreza
G
Karimi
Far Eastern Federal University, Engineering School, Scientific Educational Centre of Nanotechnology, 690950, Vladivostok, Russia.
Vladimir A
VA
Drozd
Far Eastern Federal University, Engineering School, Scientific Educational Centre of Nanotechnology, 690950, Vladivostok, Russia.
Anna V
AV
Nikitina
Far Eastern Federal University, Engineering School, Scientific Educational Centre of Nanotechnology, 690950, Vladivostok, Russia.
Sergey F
SF
Solomennik
Far Eastern Federal University, Engineering School, Scientific Educational Centre of Nanotechnology, 690950, Vladivostok, Russia.
Olga R
OR
Kudryavkina
Biology Institute Shandong Academy of Science, Jinan 250014, China.
Liu
L
Xin
Biology Institute Shandong Academy of Science, Jinan 250014, China.
Yuan
Y
Wenpeng
Department of Forensic Sciences and Toxicology, Medical School, University of Crete, Heraklion 71003, Greece.
Manolis
M
Tzatzarakis
Far Eastern Federal University, Engineering School, Scientific Educational Centre of Nanotechnology, 690950, Vladivostok, Russia; Department of Forensic Sciences and Toxicology, Medical School, University of Crete, Heraklion 71003, Greece. Electronic address: aris@med.uoc.gr.
Aristidis M
AM
Tsatsakis
Far Eastern Federal University, Engineering School, Scientific Educational Centre of Nanotechnology, 690950, Vladivostok, Russia. Electronic address: droopy@mail.ru.
Kirill S
KS
Golokhvast
D000393:Air Pollutants / Q000633:toxicity*; D000818:Animals; D001336:Automobiles; D001491:Basophils / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000276:immunology*; D007249:Inflammation / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000276:immunology*; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D052638:Particulate Matter / Q000633:toxicity*; D011084:Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons / Q000633:toxicity*; D012426:Russia; D013047:Specific Pathogen-Free Organisms; D001335:Vehicle Emissions / Q000633:toxicity*
D000393:Air Pollutants; D052638:Particulate Matter; D011084:Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons; D001335:Vehicle Emissions
Basophil; CD16+ cells; CD4+ T cells; Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons; Vehicle emitted particles