Comparison of the effects of dietary single and multi-probiotics on growth, non-specific immune responses and disease resistance in starry flounder, Platichthys stellatus.
An 8-week feeding trial was conducted to evaluate the effects of dietary probiotics on growth performance and non-specific immune responses in starry flounder, Platichthys stellatus. Fish averaging 46.5 ± 0.65 g (mean ± SD) were fed one of the six experimental diets; one control (Cont), and five other diets were prepared by supplementing single-probiotics 1 (Bacillus subtilis; SP1, 2 × 109CFU kg-1diet), single-probiotics 2 (Bacillus licheniformis; SP2, 2 × 109CFU kg-1diet), multi-probiotics 1 (Bacillus subtilis + Bacillus licheniformis; MP1, 2 × 109CFU kg-1diet), multi-probiotics 2 (commercial probiotics; Bacillus subtills + Bacillus licheniformis + Paenibacillus polymyxa + Aspergillus oryzae + Saccharomyces cerevisiae; MP2, 2 × 109CFU kg-1diet) and oxytetracycline (OTC) at 5 g OTC kg-1diet. At the end of 8 weeks feeding trial, weight gain (WG) and specific growth rate (SGR) of fish fed SP1, MP1and MP2diets were significantly higher than those of fish fed control diet (P < 0.05). Superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity of fish fed MP2diet was significantly higher than those of fish fed OTC diet (P < 0.05). Nitro blue tetrazolium (NBT) activity and lysozyme activity of fish fed SP1, MP1and MP2diets were significantly higher than those of fish fed OTC diet (P < 0.05). However, there was no significant difference among fish fed SP1, SP2, MP1and MP2diets. During the Edwardsiella tarda challenge test, the first mortality occurred on day 2. After the 14 days challenge test, cumulative survival rate of fish fed MP1and MP2diets were significantly higher than those of fish fed control diet (P < 0.05). However, there was no significant difference among fish fed SP1, SP2, MP1, MP2and OTC diets in survival rate at the termination of the challenge test. Although there was little advantage in immunological parameters with fish fed MP diets, single and multi-probiotics were equally effective statistically. These results demonstrated that single or multi-probiotics had equal beneficial effect as an antibiotic replacer in terms of growth performance, non-specific immune responses and disease resistance in starry flounder.
Dept. of Marine Bio-materials and Aquaculture/Feeds & Foods Nutrition Research Center (FFNRC), Pukyong National University, Busan, 608-737, Republic of Korea.
Youngjin
Y
Park
Dept. of Marine Bio-materials and Aquaculture/Feeds & Foods Nutrition Research Center (FFNRC), Pukyong National University, Busan, 608-737, Republic of Korea.
Mohammad
M
Moniruzzaman
Dept. of Marine Bio-materials and Aquaculture/Feeds & Foods Nutrition Research Center (FFNRC), Pukyong National University, Busan, 608-737, Republic of Korea.
Seunghan
S
Lee
Dept. of Marine Bio-materials and Aquaculture/Feeds & Foods Nutrition Research Center (FFNRC), Pukyong National University, Busan, 608-737, Republic of Korea.
Jeongwhui
J
Hong
Dept. of Marine Bio-materials and Aquaculture/Feeds & Foods Nutrition Research Center (FFNRC), Pukyong National University, Busan, 608-737, Republic of Korea.
Seonghun
S
Won
Dept. of Biotechnology, Pukyong National University, Busan, 608-737, Republic of Korea.
Jong Min
JM
Lee
Dept. of Marine Bio-materials and Aquaculture/Feeds & Foods Nutrition Research Center (FFNRC), Pukyong National University, Busan, 608-737, Republic of Korea.
Hyeonho
H
Yun
Aquafeed Research Center, National Institute of Fisheries Science (NIFS), Pohang, 791-923, Republic of Korea.
Kang-Woong
KW
Kim
Dong Chang Co., Ltd, Busan, Republic of Korea.
Daegyun
D
Ko
Dept. of Marine Bio-materials and Aquaculture/Feeds & Foods Nutrition Research Center (FFNRC), Pukyong National University, Busan, 608-737, Republic of Korea. Electronic address: scbai@pknu.ac.kr.
Sungchul C
SC
Bai
D000821:Animal Feed / Q000032:analysis; D000818:Animals; D000890:Anti-Infective Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage; D001236:Aspergillus oryzae / Q000737:chemistry; D056449:Bacillales / Q000737:chemistry; D001774:Blood Chemical Analysis / Q000662:veterinary; D004032:Diet / Q000662:veterinary; D060467:Disease Resistance; D020609:Edwardsiella tarda / Q000502:physiology; D004756:Enterobacteriaceae Infections / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000276:immunology / Q000382:microbiology / Q000662:veterinary*; D005393:Fish Diseases / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000276:immunology* / Q000382:microbiology; D005432:Flounder / Q000097:blood / Q000254:growth & development / Q000276:immunology; D010118:Oxytetracycline / Q000008:administration & dosage; D019936:Probiotics; D011897:Random Allocation; D012441:Saccharomyces cerevisiae / Q000737:chemistry
D000890:Anti-Infective Agents; D010118:Oxytetracycline
Bacillus; Disease resistance; Growth; Immune responses; Probiotics; Starry flounder