MicroRNAs in parathyroid physiopathology.
Parathyroid glands regulate calcium homeostasis through synthesis and secretion of parathormone (PTH). They sense the extracellular calcium concentration through the G-protein coupled calcium sensing receptor (CASR) and release PTH in order to preserve calcium concentration in the physiological range. Tumors of the parathyroid glands are common endocrine neoplasia associated with primary or secondary/tertiary hyperparathyroidisms. Small non-coding RNAs are regulators of gene expression able to modulate hormone synthesis, hormone release and endocrine cell proliferation. In this scenario, microRNA (miRNA) expression profiles have been investigated in parathyroid tumors, while miRNAs are involved in hypocalcemia and uremia-induced PTH release from normal parathyroid cells. Here we reviewed data about the role of miRNAs in the regulation of: 1) PTH synthesis and secretion; 2) CASR expression; 3) parathyroid cell tumorigenesis. Though studies about miRNAs in parathyroid gland pathophysiology are limited, they contribute in elucidating regulatory pathways involved in PTH release and parathyroid cell tumorigenesis.
Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, University of Milan, Milan, Italy; Division of Pathology, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy.
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Vaira
Laboratory of Experimental Endocrinology, IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Galeazzi, Milan, Italy.
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Verdelli
Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, University of Milan, Milan, Italy; Division of Pathology, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy.
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Forno
Endocrinology Service, Department of Biomedical Sciences for Health, University of Milan, IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Galeazzi, Milan, Italy. Electronic address: sabrina.corbetta@unimi.it.
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Corbetta
D000818:Animals; D002118:Calcium / Q000378:metabolism; D002471:Cell Transformation, Neoplastic / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D055098:Endocrine Cells / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D015972:Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic; D006706:Homeostasis; D006801:Humans; D006961:Hyperparathyroidism / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000503:physiopathology; D006996:Hypocalcemia / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000503:physiopathology; D035683:MicroRNAs / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism; D010280:Parathyroid Glands / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000503:physiopathology; D010281:Parathyroid Hormone / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D010282:Parathyroid Neoplasms / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000503:physiopathology; D044169:Receptors, Calcium-Sensing / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D015398:Signal Transduction
C095550:CASR protein, human; D035683:MicroRNAs; C470125:PTH protein, human; D010281:Parathyroid Hormone; D044169:Receptors, Calcium-Sensing; D002118:Calcium
C19MC; Hyperparathyroidism; PTH; Parathyroid tumors; miRNAs