Longitudinal associations between bullying and mental health among adolescents in Vietnam.
OBJECTIVE
This study measured bullying roles across an academic year and examined how change in bullying experiences is associated with symptoms of depression, psychological distress, and suicidal ideation among adolescents in Vietnam.


METHODS
1424 students in middle and high schools completed two self-administered questionnaires, six months apart in 2014-2015.


RESULTS
Students who were victimised often and those who were classified as highly involved as both victims and bullies at one or both survey times showed significantly higher levels of depression, psychological distress, and suicidal ideation than other students. The mental health of adolescents who were involved in bullying as a victim or bully remained at low levels was generally similar to those not involved in any bullying. However, females who had stable but low level in victimisation or bully-victim status had worse mental health than males with stable-low-level exposure.


CONCLUSIONS
This is the first longitudinal analysis of bullying among adolescents in Vietnam. Persistent and frequent bullying was strongly linked with poor mental health for males and females. A new observation is that Vietnamese girls appear to be more sensitive to low level but long-term bullying involvement than were boys.
Faculty of Social Sciences and Health Education, Hanoi University of Public Health, Hanoi, Vietnam. lhh@huph.edu.vn.|Faculty of Health, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Australia. lhh@huph.edu.vn.
Ha Thi Hai
HT
Le
Faculty of Social Sciences and Health Education, Hanoi University of Public Health, Hanoi, Vietnam.
Huong Thanh
HT
Nguyen
Faculty of Education, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Australia.
Marilyn A
MA
Campbell
Faculty of Health, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Australia.
Michelle L
ML
Gatton
Faculty of Sociology, Academy of Journalism and Communication, Hanoi, Vietnam.|Institute for Social Science Research, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia.
Nam T
NT
Tran
Faculty of Health, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Australia.|Institute for Community Health Research, Hue University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Hue, Vietnam.
Michael P
MP
Dunne
D000293:Adolescent; D058445:Bullying / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D019548:Crime Victims / Q000523:psychology; D003863:Depression / Q000453:epidemiology; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008137:Longitudinal Studies; D008297:Male; D008603:Mental Health / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D061108:Social Media; D013334:Students / Q000523:psychology; D059020:Suicidal Ideation; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D014744:Vietnam / Q000453:epidemiology
Adolescents; Bullying; Cyberbullying; Longitudinal study; Mental health; Vietnam