Severe Mitral Annular Calcification: Multimodality Imaging for Therapeutic Strategies and Interventions.
Mitral annular calcification (MAC) is a chronic degenerative process associated with advanced age and conditions predisposing to left ventricular hypertrophy. Assessment of mitral valve disease in patients with severe MAC can be a challenge. When severe MAC results in mitral stenosis or regurgitation, multimodality imaging with 2-dimensional, 3-dimensional, and Doppler echocardiography and cardiac computed tomography angiography can delineate the severity and pathoanatomic features to help guide therapeutic strategies. New approaches using computer-assisted simulation of transcatheter valves and novel percutaneous and surgical techniques are being used to devise effective alternative strategies to conventional mitral valve replacement in this high-risk group of patients.
Department of Cardiovascular Diseases and Cardiovascular Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota. Electronic address: Eleid.mackram@mayo.edu.
Mackram F
MF
Eleid
Department of Cardiovascular Diseases and Cardiovascular Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota.
Thomas A
TA
Foley
Department of Cardiovascular Diseases and Cardiovascular Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota.
Sameh M
SM
Said
Department of Cardiovascular Diseases and Cardiovascular Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota.
Sorin V
SV
Pislaru
Department of Cardiovascular Diseases and Cardiovascular Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota.
Charanjit S
CS
Rihal
D002114:Calcinosis / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000601:surgery*; D000072226:Computed Tomography Angiography; D017023:Coronary Angiography; D015150:Echocardiography, Doppler; D019560:Echocardiography, Three-Dimensional; D017548:Echocardiography, Transesophageal; D006350:Heart Valve Prosthesis; D019918:Heart Valve Prosthesis Implantation / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000295:instrumentation; D006439:Hemodynamics; D006801:Humans; D008943:Mitral Valve / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000601:surgery*; D008944:Mitral Valve Insufficiency / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000601:surgery*; D008946:Mitral Valve Stenosis / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000601:surgery*; D064847:Multimodal Imaging / Q000379:methods*; D011237:Predictive Value of Tests; D020127:Recovery of Function; D012720:Severity of Illness Index; D016896:Treatment Outcome
cardiac computed tomography angiography; echocardiography; mitral annular calcification; transcatheter mitral valve implantation