Smoking and the risk of dry eye: a Meta-analysis.
OBJECTIVE
To collect the evidence to estimate the correlation between smoking and the incidence of dry eye.


METHODS
The PubMed, EMBASE, the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL, last issue), CBM (Chinese BioMedical Literature Database), and CNKI (China National Knowledge Infrastructure/Chinese Academic Journals full-text Database) were searched for eligible studies published from January 1964 to December 2015 to investigate the association of smoking with the risk of dry eye. The odds ratio (OR) and 95% confidence interval (CI) were summarized and calculated. The extracted studies were pooled by the fixed-effects model or a random-effects model.


RESULTS
Two cohort studies and eight cross-sectional surveys were included in our Meta-analysis. There was no statistically significant relationship between current (OR=1.32; 95% CI: 0.99-1.76;P=0.055) or ever smoking (OR=1.12; 95% CI: 0.98-1.28;P=0.107) and the risk of dry eye among the studies, even when age and gender were adjusted (OR=1.16; 95% CI: 0.83-1.64;P=0.383). In the sensitivity analysis in which only general population were included, the association was significant between smoking and dry eye (OR=1.50; 95% CI: 1.08-2.09;P=0.016).


CONCLUSIONS
This Meta-analysis suggests that smoking may associate with the risk of dry eye in general population.
Department of Ophthalmology, Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200011, China.
Li
L
Xu
Department of Health Statistics and Social Medicine, School of Public Health, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China.
Wei
W
Zhang
Department of Ophthalmology and Vision Science, Eye, Ear, Nose and Throat Hospital, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200031, China.
Xiao-Yu
XY
Zhu
Department of General Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital, Institute of General Surgery, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China.
Tao
T
Suo
Department of Ophthalmology, Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200011, China.
Xian-Qun
XQ
Fan
Department of Ophthalmology, Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200011, China.
Yao
Y
Fu
Meta-analysis; dry eye; smoking