Nutrients, heavy metals and microbial communities co-driven distribution of antibiotic resistance genes in adjacent environment of mariculture.
With the rapid development of aquaculture, the large amounts of pollutants were discharged into the aquatic environment, where the detected antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) have drawn increasing attention due to their potential threats to ecological environment and human health. Thus, the impact of mariculture on ARGs was assessed and the underlying mechanism of their propagation was explained. Sediments from eight sampling sites were collected along a mariculture drainage ditch, and the sediment in Yellow River Delta National Park was used as a non-mariculture control. Microbial ARGs qPCR array and illumina sequencing of 16S rRNA gene were applied to examine the changing patterns of ARGs and bacterial communities. Results showed that 18 ARGs (3 fluoroquinolone, 1 aminoglycoside, 3 macrolide-lincosamide-streptogramin B, 2 tetracycline, and 9 beta-lactam resistance genes) were influenced by mariculture, and ARGs abundance and diversity were significantly increased in mariculture sediments (p < 0.05). A remarkable shift in bacterial community structure and composition was also observed. The abundance of most of ARGs were significantly decreased in the estuary samples, implying that seawater had a significant dilution effect on the ARGs emission from the mariculture sites. Partial redundancy analysis showed that nutrients, heavy metals, and bacteria communities might directly and indirectly contribute to ARGs propagation, suggesting that the profile and dissemination of ARGs were driven by the combined effects of multiple factors in mariculture-impacted sites.
Key Laboratory of Industrial Ecology and Environmental Engineering (Ministry of Education), School of Environmental Science and Technology, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China.
Zelong
Z
Zhao
Key Laboratory of Industrial Ecology and Environmental Engineering (Ministry of Education), School of Environmental Science and Technology, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China. Electronic address: jwang@dlut.edu.cn.
Jing
J
Wang
Key Laboratory of Industrial Ecology and Environmental Engineering (Ministry of Education), School of Environmental Science and Technology, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China.
Ying
Y
Han
Key Laboratory of Industrial Ecology and Environmental Engineering (Ministry of Education), School of Environmental Science and Technology, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China.
Jingwen
J
Chen
Key Laboratory of Industrial Ecology and Environmental Engineering (Ministry of Education), School of Environmental Science and Technology, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China.
Guangfei
G
Liu
Key Laboratory of Industrial Ecology and Environmental Engineering (Ministry of Education), School of Environmental Science and Technology, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China.
Hong
H
Lu
School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Xiamen University of Technology, Xiamen 361024, China.
Bin
B
Yan
Institute of Environmental Engineering and Management, National Taipei University of Technology, Taipei 106, Taiwan, ROC.
Shiaoshing
S
Chen
D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents / Q000032:analysis / Q000494:pharmacology*; D017756:Aquaculture; D001419:Bacteria / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000235:genetics; D002681:China; D004352:Drug Resistance, Microbial / Q000187:drug effects / Q000235:genetics*; D004784:Environmental Monitoring; D063366:Estuaries; D005798:Genes, Bacterial / Q000187:drug effects*; D019216:Metals, Heavy / Q000032:analysis*; D045483:Rivers / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000382:microbiology*
D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents; D019216:Metals, Heavy
Antibiotic resistance genes; Bacterial community; Heavy metals; Mariculture; Nutrients