Bone marrow aspirate concentrate for the treatment of osteochondral lesions of the talus: a systematic review of outcomes.
BACKGROUND
The goal of this perform a systematic review on the outcomes of bone marrow aspirate concentrate (BMAC) for the treatment of chondral defects and osteoarthritis (OA) of the talus.


RESULTS
The systematic search performed identified 47 studies after duplicates were removed. After inclusion criteria were applied four studies were considered for insightful analysis for the treatment of focal chondral defects in the foot and ankle with the use of BMAC. Three studies were retrospective and one study was prospective in nature. One study was a comparative cohort study and three studies were case series.


CONCLUSIONS
This review denotes that there exists an overwhelming paucity of long-term data and high-level evidence supporting BMAC for the treatment of chondral defects. Nonetheless, the evidence available showed varying degrees of beneficial results of BMAC for the treatment of ankle cartilage defects. The limited literature presented in this review demonstrates the need for more advanced, comparative studies to further investigate the efficacy, safety and techniques for BMAC in the treatment of OLTs. The authors recommend that BMAC therapy should be performed with careful consideration until the application and target population for this treatment are established.
Steadman Philippon Research Institute, 181 West Meadow Drive, Suite 400, Vail, CO, 81657, USA.
Jorge
J
Chahla
Steadman Philippon Research Institute, 181 West Meadow Drive, Suite 400, Vail, CO, 81657, USA.
Mark E
ME
Cinque
Steadman Philippon Research Institute, 181 West Meadow Drive, Suite 400, Vail, CO, 81657, USA.
Jason M
JM
Shon
Steadman Philippon Research Institute, 181 West Meadow Drive, Suite 400, Vail, CO, 81657, USA.
Daniel J
DJ
Liechti
Steadman Philippon Research Institute, 181 West Meadow Drive, Suite 400, Vail, CO, 81657, USA.
Lauren M
LM
Matheny
The Steadman Clinic, 181 West Meadow Drive, Suite 400, Vail, CO, 81657, USA. drlaprade@sprivail.org.|Steadman Philippon Research Institute, 181 West Meadow Drive, Suite 400, Vail, CO, 81657, USA. drlaprade@sprivail.org.
Robert F
RF
LaPrade
The Steadman Clinic, 181 West Meadow Drive, Suite 400, Vail, CO, 81657, USA.|Steadman Philippon Research Institute, 181 West Meadow Drive, Suite 400, Vail, CO, 81657, USA.
Thomas O
TO
Clanton
BMAC treatment of osteochondral defects; Bone marrow aspirate concentrate; Talar osteochondral lesion