Predominance of unusual rotavirus G1P[6] strain in North India: An evidence from hospitalized children and adult diarrheal patients.
Group A Rotavirus remains the leading cause of gastroenteritis in children and accounts for 0.2 million fatalities each year; out of which, approximately 47,100 deaths occur in India. In adults also, rotavirus is reported to be responsible for diarrhea severe enough to require hospitalizations. India has recently introduced rotavirus vaccine in the Universal Immunization Programme and Himachal Pradesh became the first Indian state to implement this project. This study is an attempt to provide the pre-vaccination data on rotavirus gastroenteritis burden and circulating genotypes in Himachal Pradesh, India. A total of 607 faecal specimens (247 children ≤5years, 50 older children and 310 adults) from hospitalized diarrheal patients from Himachal Pradesh, India were screened for rotavirus using ELISA and RT-PCR. The positive samples were further G/P genotyped using semi-nested PCR. Rotavirus was detected in 25.2% and 28.3% of samples with ELISA and RT-PCR, respectively. In children, rotavirus frequency was significantly high with positivity in 49.0% cases whereas 14.0% adult samples have rotavirus in them. Genotyping of the positive samples revealed predominance of G1 (66.0%) and P[6] (66.7%) genotypes. The most common G and P combination was G1P[6] (62.8%) followed by G1P[8] (16.5%), G9P[6] (7.4%) and G12P[6] (5.0%). Molecular analysis reveals the belonging of P[6] strains in Lineage 1a. This pre-vaccination data on rotavirus prevalence and diversity would be helpful for assessing the affect of vaccination on the disease burden and its comparison with post-vaccination data of circulating genotypes would help in studying the effect on diversity of rotavirus strains possibly due to vaccine selection pressure.
Department of Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Jaypee University of Information Technology, Waknaghat, Solan 173234, Himachal Pradesh, India.
Swapnil
S
Jain
Department of Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Jaypee University of Information Technology, Waknaghat, Solan 173234, Himachal Pradesh, India.
Nutan
N
Thakur
Department of Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Jaypee University of Information Technology, Waknaghat, Solan 173234, Himachal Pradesh, India.
Jitendraa
J
Vashistt
Department of Pediatrics, Indira Gandhi Medical College, Shimla 171001, Himachal Pradesh, India.
Neelam
N
Grover
Division of Virology, National Institute of Cholera and Enteric Diseases (NICED), P-33, C.I.T. Road, Scheme-XM, Beliaghata, Kolkata 700 010, West Bengal, India.
Triveni
T
Krishnan
Department of Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Jaypee University of Information Technology, Waknaghat, Solan 173234, Himachal Pradesh, India. Electronic address: hchangotra@yahoo.com.
Harish
H
Changotra
D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D004797:Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay; D005243:Feces / Q000821:virology; D005759:Gastroenteritis / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000821:virology*; D006801:Humans; D007194:India / Q000453:epidemiology; D007223:Infant; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D010802:Phylogeny; D016133:Polymerase Chain Reaction; D015995:Prevalence; D012401:Rotavirus / Q000145:classification / Q000235:genetics*; D012400:Rotavirus Infections / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000821:virology*; D055815:Young Adult
Diarrhea; ELISA; G1P[6]; Genotypes; RT-PCR; Rotavirus