Characterization of a new chlorovirus type with permissive and non-permissive features on phylogenetically related algal strains.
A previous report indicated that prototype chlorovirus PBCV-1 replicated in two Chlorella variabilis algal strains, NC64A and Syngen 2-3, that are ex-endosymbionts isolated from the protozoan Paramecium bursaria. Surprisingly, plaque-forming viruses on Syngen 2-3 lawns were often higher than on NC64A lawns from indigenous water samples. These differences led to the discovery of viruses that exclusively replicate in Syngen 2-3 cells, named Only Syngen (OSy) viruses. OSy-NE5, the prototype virus for the proposed new species, had a linear dsDNA genome of 327kb with 44-nucleotide-long, incompletely base-paired, covalently closed hairpin ends. Each hairpin structure was followed by an identical 2612 base-paired inverted sequence after which the DNA sequence diverged. OSy-NE5 encoded 357 predicted CDSs and 13 tRNAs. Interestingly, OSy-NE5 attached to and initiated infection in NC64A cells but infectious progeny viruses were not produced; thus OSy-NE5 replication in NC64A is blocked at some later stage of replication.
Nebraska Center for Virology, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, NE 68583-0900, USA; School of Biological Science, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, NE 68588-0118, USA.
Cristian F
CF
Quispe
Nebraska Center for Virology, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, NE 68583-0900, USA; Botany Department, Faculty of Science, Benha University, Qalubiya Governorate, 13511, Egypt.
Ahmed
A
Esmael
Nebraska Center for Virology, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, NE 68583-0900, USA; School of Biological Science, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, NE 68588-0118, USA.
Olivia
O
Sonderman
Nebraska Center for Virology, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, NE 68583-0900, USA.
Michelle
M
McQuinn
Nebraska Center for Virology, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, NE 68583-0900, USA; Department of Plant Pathology and University of Nebraska-Lincoln, NE 68583-0722, USA.
Irina
I
Agarkova
Botany Department, Faculty of Science, Benha University, Qalubiya Governorate, 13511, Egypt.
Mohammed
M
Battah
Department of Biology, Nebraska Wesleyan University, Lincoln, NE 68504-2794, USA.
Garry A
GA
Duncan
Nebraska Center for Virology, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, NE 68583-0900, USA; Department of Plant Pathology and University of Nebraska-Lincoln, NE 68583-0722, USA.
David D
DD
Dunigan
Agricultural Research Service, United States Department of Agriculture, U.S. Meat Animal Research Center, Clay Center, NE 68933-0166, USA.
Timothy P L
TPL
Smith
Department of Agricultural Sciences, University of Napoli, Via Universita 100, 80055 Portici, NA, Italy.
Cristina
C
De Castro
Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Napoli, Napoli, Italy.
Immacolata
I
Speciale
Center for Biotechnology, University of Nebraska, Lincoln, NE 68583-0900, USA.
Fangrui
F
Ma
Nebraska Center for Virology, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, NE 68583-0900, USA; Department of Plant Pathology and University of Nebraska-Lincoln, NE 68583-0722, USA. Electronic address: jvanetten1@unl.edu.
James L
JL
Van Etten
D001483:Base Sequence; D002708:Chlorella / Q000821:virology*; D016679:Genome, Viral; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D017862:Phycodnaviridae / Q000145:classification / Q000235:genetics* / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000502:physiology; D010802:Phylogeny; D012367:RNA, Viral / Q000737:chemistry / Q000235:genetics; D014764:Viral Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D014779:Virus Replication
D012367:RNA, Viral; D014764:Viral Proteins
Algal viruses; Chlorella variabilis; Chloroviruses; Non-permissive cells; OSy-NE5; Permissive cells