An in-situ investigation of the acute effects of Bikram yoga on positive- and negative affect, and state-anxiety in context of perceived stress.
BACKGROUND
Bikram yoga is a relatively new, but an increasingly popular form of exercise. Its health benefits were demonstrated on physical and psychological measures.


OBJECTIVE
The current field study tested the acute effects of Bikram yoga on practitioners' positive-/negative-affect and state-anxiety, and their link to the self-perceived stress, in Bikram yoga participants.


METHODS
Field study, within-participants design, testing perceived stress and its relation to changes in positive-/negative-affect and state-anxiety in 53 habitual Bikram yoga participants.


RESULTS
Statistically significant positive changes emerged in all three psychological measures after the 90-min Bikram yoga session. The decrease in negative-affect and state-anxiety were significantly and positively related to the perceived stress. Estimated effort was unrelated to the magnitude of the changes recorded in the psychological measures. Heart rates and self-report measures indicated that physically Bikram yoga is only mildly challenging.


CONCLUSIONS
The findings illustrate that, independently of the physical effort, Bikram yoga is a new mild form of exercise that reduces negative-affect and state-anxiety, and the reduction is directly related to the perceived stress. Therefore, Bikram yoga appears to be beneficial for all practitioners, but even more so for the individuals who experience substantial stress in the daily life.
a Institute of Health Promotion and Sport Sciences, Eötvös Loránd University , Budapest , Hungary.|b Institute of Psychology, Eötvös Loránd University , Budapest , Hungary , and.
Attila
A
Szabo
a Institute of Health Promotion and Sport Sciences, Eötvös Loránd University , Budapest , Hungary.
Letícia
L
Nikházy
a Institute of Health Promotion and Sport Sciences, Eötvös Loránd University , Budapest , Hungary.|c Doctoral School of Psychology, Eötvös Loránd University , Budapest , Hungary.
Benedek
B
Tihanyi
a Institute of Health Promotion and Sport Sciences, Eötvös Loránd University , Budapest , Hungary.
Szilvia
S
Boros
D000328:Adult; D000339:Affect; D001007:Anxiety; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011569:Psychiatric Status Rating Scales; D013315:Stress, Psychological; D015013:Yoga / Q000523:psychology*
coping; exercise; physical activity; posture; training