Differential proteome analysis during early somatic embryogenesis in Musa spp. AAA cv. Grand Naine.
Endogenous hormone secretion proteins along with stress and defense proteins play predominant role in banana embryogenesis. This study reveals the underlying molecular mechanism during transition from vegetative to embryogenic state. Banana (Musa spp.) is well known globally as a food fruit crop for millions. The requirement of quality planting material of banana is enormous. Although mass multiplication through tissue culture is in vogue, high-throughput techniques like somatic embryogenesis (SE) as a mass multiplication tool needs to be improved. Apart from clonal propagation, SE has extensive applications in genetic improvement and mutation. SE in banana is completely genome-dependent and most of the commercial cultivars exhibit recalcitrance. Thus, understanding the molecular basis of embryogenesis in Musa will help to develop strategies for mass production of quality planting material. In this study, differentially expressed proteins between embryogenic calli (EC) and non-embryogenic calli (NEC) with respect to the explant, immature male flower buds (IMFB), of cv. Grand Naine (AAA) were determined using two-dimensional gel electrophoresis (2DE). The 2DE results were validated through qRT-PCR. In total, 65 proteins were identified: 42 were highly expressed and 23 were less expressed in EC compared to NEC and IMFB. qRT-PCR analysis of five candidate proteins, upregulated in EC, were well correlated with expression at transcript level. Further analysis of proteins showed that embryogenesis in banana is associated with the control of oxidative stress. The regulation of ROS scavenging system and protection of protein structure occurred in the presence of heat shock proteins. Alongside, high accumulation of stress-related cationic peroxidase and plant growth hormone-related proteins like indole-3-pyruvate monooxygenase and adenylate isopentenyltransferase in EC revealed the association with the induction of SE.
Crop Improvement Division, ICAR, National Research Centre for Banana, Thogamalai Main Road, Thayanoor Post, Tiruchirappalli, 102, Tamil Nadu, India.
Marimuthu
M
Kumaravel
Crop Improvement Division, ICAR, National Research Centre for Banana, Thogamalai Main Road, Thayanoor Post, Tiruchirappalli, 102, Tamil Nadu, India. umabinit@yahoo.co.in.
Subbaraya
S
Uma
Crop Improvement Division, ICAR, National Research Centre for Banana, Thogamalai Main Road, Thayanoor Post, Tiruchirappalli, 102, Tamil Nadu, India.
Suthanthiram
S
Backiyarani
Crop Improvement Division, ICAR, National Research Centre for Banana, Thogamalai Main Road, Thayanoor Post, Tiruchirappalli, 102, Tamil Nadu, India.
Marimuthu Somasundaram
MS
Saraswathi
Crop Protection Division, ICAR, National Research Centre for Banana, Thogamalai Main Road, Thayanoor Post, Tiruchirappalli, 102, Tamil Nadu, India.
Muthu Mayil
MM
Vaganan
Crop Improvement Division, ICAR, National Research Centre for Banana, Thogamalai Main Road, Thayanoor Post, Tiruchirappalli, 102, Tamil Nadu, India.
Muthusamy
M
Muthusamy
Crop Improvement Division, ICAR, National Research Centre for Banana, Thogamalai Main Road, Thayanoor Post, Tiruchirappalli, 102, Tamil Nadu, India.
Kallu Purayil
KP
Sajith
D016000:Cluster Analysis; D015180:Electrophoresis, Gel, Two-Dimensional; D018506:Gene Expression Regulation, Plant; D063990:Gene Ontology; D028521:Musa / Q000378:metabolism*; D010940:Plant Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D058439:Plant Somatic Embryogenesis Techniques; D020543:Proteome / Q000378:metabolism*; D040901:Proteomics / Q000379:methods*; D060888:Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D012639:Seeds / Q000166:cytology
D010940:Plant Proteins; D020543:Proteome
2DE; Embryogenic callus; Non-embryogenic callus; Protein expression; Somatic embryogenesis; qRT-PCR