Influence of Contrast Agent Dilution on Ballon Deflation Time and Visibility During Tracheal Balloon Dilation: A 3D Printed Phantom Study.
OBJECTIVE
To determine the effect of contrast medium dilution during tracheal balloon dilation on balloon deflation time and visibility using a 3-dimensional (3D) printed airway phantom.


METHODS
A comparison study to investigate balloon deflation times and image quality was performed using two contrast agents with different viscosities, i.e., iohexol and ioxithalamate, and six contrast dilutions with a 3D printed airway phantom.


RESULTS
Compared to 1:0 concentration, 3:1, 2:1, 1:1, 1:2, and 1:3, contrast/saline ratios resulted in a 46% (56.2 s), 59.8% (73.1 s), 74.9% (91.6 s), 81.7% (99.8 s), and 83.5% (102 s) reduction for iohexol, respectively, and a 51.8% (54.7 s), 63.8% (67.6 s), 74.7% (79.2 s), 80.5% (85.3 s), and 82.4% (87.4 s) reduction for ioxithalamate, respectively, in the mean balloon deflation time, although at the expense of decreased balloon opacity (3.5, 6.9, 11.1, 12.4, and 13.9%, for iohexol, respectively, and 3.2, 6, 9.6, 10.8, and 12.4%, for ioxithalamate, respectively).


CONCLUSIONS
Use of a lower viscosity contrast agent and higher contrast dilution is considered to be able to reduce balloon deflation times and then simultaneously decrease visualization of balloons. The rapid balloon deflation time is likely to improve the safe performance of interventional procedures.
Departments of Radiology and Research Institute of Radiology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, 388-1, Poongnap 2-dong, Songpa-gu, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
Min Tae
MT
Kim
Departments of Radiology and Research Institute of Radiology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, 388-1, Poongnap 2-dong, Songpa-gu, Seoul, Republic of Korea.|Biomedical Engineering Research Center, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, 388-1, Poongnap 2-dong, Songpa-gu, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
Jung-Hoon
JH
Park
Departments of Radiology and Research Institute of Radiology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, 388-1, Poongnap 2-dong, Songpa-gu, Seoul, Republic of Korea. jhshin@amc.seoul.kr.
Ji Hoon
http://orcid.org/0000-0002-2367-1347
JH
Shin
Departments of Radiology and Research Institute of Radiology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, 388-1, Poongnap 2-dong, Songpa-gu, Seoul, Republic of Korea. namkugkim@gmail.com.|Department of Convergence Medicine, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, 388-1, Poongnap 2-dong, Songpa-gu, Seoul, Republic of Korea. namkugkim@gmail.com.
Namkug
N
Kim
Seoul National University College of Medicine, 103, Daehak-ro, Ihwa-dong, Jongno-gu, Seoul, 110-799, Republic of Korea.
Sunghyun Daniel
SD
Kim
Departments of Radiology and Research Institute of Radiology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, 388-1, Poongnap 2-dong, Songpa-gu, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
Jiaywei
J
Tsauo
Departments of Radiology and Research Institute of Radiology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, 388-1, Poongnap 2-dong, Songpa-gu, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
Kun Young
KY
Kim
Biomedical Engineering Research Center, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, 388-1, Poongnap 2-dong, Songpa-gu, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
Guk Bae
GB
Kim
Departments of Radiology and Research Institute of Radiology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, 388-1, Poongnap 2-dong, Songpa-gu, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
Ho-Young
HY
Song
D003287:Contrast Media; D004106:Dilatation / Q000295:instrumentation* / Q000379:methods / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D006801:Humans; D007472:Iohexol; D007483:Iothalamic Acid / Q000031:analogs & derivatives; D019047:Phantoms, Imaging; D066330:Printing, Three-Dimensional; D013997:Time Factors; D014132:Trachea; D014135:Tracheal Stenosis / Q000628:therapy*
D003287:Contrast Media; D007483:Iothalamic Acid; D007472:Iohexol; C002587:ioxitalamic acid
Balloon catheter; Deflation time; Obstruction; Tracheal Stricture