The Road Less Traveled: Alternative Pathways for Action-Verb Processing in Parkinson's Disease.
Action verbs are critically embodied in motor brain networks. In Parkinson's disease (PD), damage to the latter compromises access to such words. However, patients are not fully incapable of processing them, as their performance is far from floor level. Here we tested the hypothesis that action-verb processing in PD may rely on alternative disembodied semantic circuits. Seventeen PD patients and 15 healthy controls listened to action verbs and nouns during functional MRI scanning. Using cluster-mass analysis with a permutation test, we assessed task-related functional connectivity considering seeds differentially engaged by action and non-action words (namely, putamen and M1 versus posterior superior temporal lobe, respectively). The putamen seed showed reduced connectivity within the basal ganglia in patients for both lexical categories. However, only action verbs recruited different cortical networks in each group. Specifically, the M1 seed exhibited more anterior connectivity for controls and more posterior connectivity for patients, with no differences in the temporal seed. Moreover, the patients' level of basal ganglia atrophy positively correlated with their reliance on M1-posterior connectivity during action-verb processing. PD patients seem to have processed action verbs via non-motor cortical networks subserving amodal semantics. Such circuits may afford alternative pathways to process words when default embodied mechanisms are disturbed. Moreover, the greater the level of basal ganglia atrophy, the greater the patients' reliance on this alternative route. Our findings offer new insights into differential neurofunctional mechanisms recruited to process action semantics in PD.
Laboratory of Experimental Psychology and Neuroscience (LPEN), Institute of Cognitive and Translational Neuroscience (INCyT), INECO Foundation, Favaloro University, Buenos Aires, Argentina.|National Scientific and Technical Research Council (CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina.
Sofía
S
Abrevaya
Laboratory of Experimental Psychology and Neuroscience (LPEN), Institute of Cognitive and Translational Neuroscience (INCyT), INECO Foundation, Favaloro University, Buenos Aires, Argentina.|National Scientific and Technical Research Council (CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina.
Lucas
L
Sedeño
Laboratory of Experimental Psychology and Neuroscience (LPEN), Institute of Cognitive and Translational Neuroscience (INCyT), INECO Foundation, Favaloro University, Buenos Aires, Argentina.
Sol
S
Fitipaldi
Group of Neuropsychology and Conduct (GRUNECO), Faculty of Medicine, University of Antioquia (UDEA), Medellín, Colombia.
David
D
Pineda
Neuroscience Group, Faculty of Medicine, University of Antioquia (UDEA), Medellín, Colombia.
Francisco
F
Lopera
Neuroscience Group, Faculty of Medicine, University of Antioquia (UDEA), Medellín, Colombia.|Neurology Unit Pablo Tobón Uribe Hospital, Medellín, Colombia.
Omar
O
Buritica
Neuroscience Group, Faculty of Medicine, University of Antioquia (UDEA), Medellín, Colombia.
Andrés
A
Villegas
Department of Research, Instituto de Alta Tecnología Médica de Antioquia, Medellín, Colombia.
Catalina
C
Bustamante
Group of Neuropsychology and Conduct (GRUNECO), Faculty of Medicine, University of Antioquia (UDEA), Medellín, Colombia.|Mental Health Group, School of Public Health, Universidad de Antioquia (UDEA), Medellín, Colombia.
Diana
D
Gomez
Neuroscience Group, Faculty of Medicine, University of Antioquia (UDEA), Medellín, Colombia.|Mental Health Group, School of Public Health, Universidad de Antioquia (UDEA), Medellín, Colombia.
Natalia
N
Trujillo
Instituto Ferreyra (INIMEC, CONICET, UNC), National University of Córdoba, Friuli, Cordoba, Cordoba.
Ricardo
R
Pautassi
Laboratory of Experimental Psychology and Neuroscience (LPEN), Institute of Cognitive and Translational Neuroscience (INCyT), INECO Foundation, Favaloro University, Buenos Aires, Argentina.|National Scientific and Technical Research Council (CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina.|Universidad Autónoma del Caribe, Barranquilla, Colombia.|Center for Social and Cognitive Neuroscience (CSCN), School of Psychology, Universidad Adolfo Ibáñez, Santiago de Chile, Chile.|Centre of Excellence in Cognition and its Disorders, Australian Research Council (ACR), Macquarie University, NSW, Sydney, Australia.
Agustín
A
Ibáñez
Laboratory of Experimental Psychology and Neuroscience (LPEN), Institute of Cognitive and Translational Neuroscience (INCyT), INECO Foundation, Favaloro University, Buenos Aires, Argentina.|National Scientific and Technical Research Council (CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina.|Faculty of Elementary and Special Education (FEEyE), National University of Cuyo (UNCuyo), Mendoza, Argentina.
Adolfo M
AM
García
D001479:Basal Ganglia / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000503:physiopathology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D021621:Imaging, Three-Dimensional; D007802:Language; D007806:Language Disorders / Q000209:etiology*; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging; D008297:Male; D009068:Movement / Q000502:physiology; D009434:Neural Pathways / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000503:physiopathology*; D009483:Neuropsychological Tests; D010100:Oxygen / Q000097:blood; D010300:Parkinson Disease / Q000150:complications* / Q000473:pathology*; D013223:Statistics as Topic
D010100:Oxygen
Functional magnetic resonance imaging; Parkinson’s disease; language; motor cortex; semantics