Clinical and histological risk factors for progression of IgA nephropathy: an update in children, young and adult patients.
The identification of risk factors conditioning the progression of immunoglobulin (Ig)A nephropathy (IgAN) is needed due to the variability of the outcome of this renal disease, which ranges from remission or indolent course to progressive slow loss of renal function or rapidly evolving chronic renal failure. Based on the supposed individual risk of progression, the therapy is modulated from renin-angiotensin inhibitors to corticosteroids, alone or associated with other powerful but potentially harmful immunosuppressors. Over the last 20 years, several studies have produced great advances in the field of biomarkers for detecting risk factors that play a role in the progression of IgAN. This review will focus on the clinical and histological risk factors which have been detected and validated by the majority of the studies and which may presently be considered of value for prognostication of outcome in patients with IgAN, driving the individual treatment choice.
Fondazione Ricerca Molinette, Ospedale Regina Margherita, Piazza Polonia 94, 10126, Torino, Italy. rosanna.coppo@unito.it.
Rosanna
R
Coppo
D000293:Adolescent; D000305:Adrenal Cortex Hormones / Q000627:therapeutic use; D000328:Adult; D000367:Age Factors; D047228:Angiotensin II Type 1 Receptor Blockers / Q000627:therapeutic use; D000806:Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitors / Q000627:therapeutic use; D002648:Child; D018450:Disease Progression; D005922:Glomerulonephritis, IGA / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000276:immunology / Q000473:pathology; D006801:Humans; D007166:Immunosuppressive Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use; D007668:Kidney / Q000187:drug effects / Q000276:immunology / Q000473:pathology; D012084:Renin-Angiotensin System; D012307:Risk Factors; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D055815:Young Adult
D000305:Adrenal Cortex Hormones; D047228:Angiotensin II Type 1 Receptor Blockers; D000806:Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitors; D007166:Immunosuppressive Agents
Biomarkers; IgA nephropathy; Pathology; Progression; Proteinuria; Risk factors