Structure and Function of TET Enzymes.
Mammalian DNA methylation mainly occurs at the carbon-C5 position of cytosine (5mC). TET enzymes were discovered to successively oxidize 5mC to 5-hydromethylcytosine (5hmC), 5-formylcytosine (5fC), and 5-carboxylcytosine (5caC). TET enzymes and oxidized 5mC derivatives play important roles in various biological and pathological processes, including regulation of DNA demethylation, gene transcription, embryonic development, and oncogenesis. In this chapter, we will discuss the discovery of TET-mediated 5mC oxidation and the structure, function, and regulation of TET enzymes.
Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Shanghai Medical College of Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China.
Xiaotong
X
Yin
Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Shanghai Medical College of Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China. xuyh@fudan.edu.cn.|Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Ministry of Education, Department of Systems Biology for Medicine, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shanghai Medical College of Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China. xuyh@fudan.edu.cn.|State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, Collaborative Innovation Center of Genetics and Development, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433, China. xuyh@fudan.edu.cn.
Yanhui
Y
Xu
D044503:5-Methylcytosine / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism; D019175:DNA Methylation / Q000235:genetics*; D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins / Q000737:chemistry / Q000235:genetics; D047108:Embryonic Development; D053595:Embryonic Stem Cells / Q000378:metabolism; D006899:Mixed Function Oxygenases / Q000737:chemistry / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism; D010084:Oxidation-Reduction; D011518:Proto-Oncogene Proteins / Q000737:chemistry / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism; D013329:Structure-Activity Relationship
D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins; D011518:Proto-Oncogene Proteins; D044503:5-Methylcytosine; D006899:Mixed Function Oxygenases; C462539:TET1 protein, human
DNA demethylation; Epigenetic modification; TET