Pathologic and immunologic characteristics of coxsackievirus A16 infection in rhesus macaques.
Coxsackievirus A16 (CV-A16) causes human hand, foot and mouth disease, but its pathogenesis is unclear. In rhesus macaques, CV-A16 infection causes characteristic vesicles in the oral mucosa and limbs as well as viremia and positive viral loads in the tissues, suggesting that these animals reflect the pathologic process of the infection. An immunologic analysis indicated a defective immune response, which included undetectable neutralizing antibodies and IFN-γ-specific memory T-cells in macaques infected with CV-A16. Furthermore, existing neutralizing antibodies in macaques immunized with the inactivated vaccine were surprisingly unable to protect against a viral challenge despite the presence of a positive T-cell memory response against viral antigens. The virus was capable of infecting pre-conventional dendritic cells and replicating within them, which may correlate with the immunological characteristics observed in the animals.
Institute of Medical Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Yunnan Key Laboratory of Vaccine Research and Development on Severe Infectious Diseases, Kunming, Yunnan, China.
Jingjing
J
Wang
Institute of Medical Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Yunnan Key Laboratory of Vaccine Research and Development on Severe Infectious Diseases, Kunming, Yunnan, China.
Ying
Y
Zhang
Institute of Medical Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Yunnan Key Laboratory of Vaccine Research and Development on Severe Infectious Diseases, Kunming, Yunnan, China.
Xiaolong
X
Zhang
Institute of Medical Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Yunnan Key Laboratory of Vaccine Research and Development on Severe Infectious Diseases, Kunming, Yunnan, China.
Yajie
Y
Hu
Institute of Medical Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Yunnan Key Laboratory of Vaccine Research and Development on Severe Infectious Diseases, Kunming, Yunnan, China.
Chenghong
C
Dong
Institute of Medical Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Yunnan Key Laboratory of Vaccine Research and Development on Severe Infectious Diseases, Kunming, Yunnan, China.
Longding
L
Liu
Jiangsu Convac Biotechnology Co., Ltd., Taizhou, Jiangsu, China.
Erxia
E
Yang
Institute of Medical Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Yunnan Key Laboratory of Vaccine Research and Development on Severe Infectious Diseases, Kunming, Yunnan, China.
Yanchun
Y
Che
Institute of Medical Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Yunnan Key Laboratory of Vaccine Research and Development on Severe Infectious Diseases, Kunming, Yunnan, China.
Jing
J
Pu
Institute of Medical Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Yunnan Key Laboratory of Vaccine Research and Development on Severe Infectious Diseases, Kunming, Yunnan, China.
Xi
X
Wang
Institute of Medical Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Yunnan Key Laboratory of Vaccine Research and Development on Severe Infectious Diseases, Kunming, Yunnan, China.
Jie
J
Song
Institute of Medical Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Yunnan Key Laboratory of Vaccine Research and Development on Severe Infectious Diseases, Kunming, Yunnan, China.
Yun
Y
Liao
Institute of Medical Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Yunnan Key Laboratory of Vaccine Research and Development on Severe Infectious Diseases, Kunming, Yunnan, China.
Min
M
Feng
Institute of Medical Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Yunnan Key Laboratory of Vaccine Research and Development on Severe Infectious Diseases, Kunming, Yunnan, China.
Yan
Y
Liang
Institute of Medical Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Yunnan Key Laboratory of Vaccine Research and Development on Severe Infectious Diseases, Kunming, Yunnan, China.
Ting
T
Zhao
Institute of Medical Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Yunnan Key Laboratory of Vaccine Research and Development on Severe Infectious Diseases, Kunming, Yunnan, China; Jiangsu Convac Biotechnology Co., Ltd., Taizhou, Jiangsu, China.
Li
L
Jiang
Institute of Medical Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Yunnan Key Laboratory of Vaccine Research and Development on Severe Infectious Diseases, Kunming, Yunnan, China.
Zhanlong
Z
He
Institute of Medical Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Yunnan Key Laboratory of Vaccine Research and Development on Severe Infectious Diseases, Kunming, Yunnan, China.
Shuaiyao
S
Lu
Institute of Medical Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Yunnan Key Laboratory of Vaccine Research and Development on Severe Infectious Diseases, Kunming, Yunnan, China.
Lichun
L
Wang
Institute of Medical Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Yunnan Key Laboratory of Vaccine Research and Development on Severe Infectious Diseases, Kunming, Yunnan, China.
Yanyan
Y
Li
Institute of Medical Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Yunnan Key Laboratory of Vaccine Research and Development on Severe Infectious Diseases, Kunming, Yunnan, China.
Shengtao
S
Fan
Institute of Medical Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Yunnan Key Laboratory of Vaccine Research and Development on Severe Infectious Diseases, Kunming, Yunnan, China.
Lei
L
Guo
Institute of Medical Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Yunnan Key Laboratory of Vaccine Research and Development on Severe Infectious Diseases, Kunming, Yunnan, China. Electronic address: liqihan@imbcams.com.cn.
Qihan
Q
Li
D000818:Animals; D057134:Antibodies, Neutralizing / Q000276:immunology; D000914:Antibodies, Viral / Q000276:immunology; D003713:Dendritic Cells / Q000276:immunology / Q000821:virology; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D029821:Enterovirus A, Human / Q000235:genetics / Q000472:pathogenicity / Q000502:physiology*; D006232:Hand, Foot and Mouth Disease / Q000276:immunology* / Q000473:pathology / Q000517:prevention & control / Q000821:virology; D006801:Humans; D007371:Interferon-gamma / Q000276:immunology; D008253:Macaca mulatta; D009500:Neutralization Tests; D013601:T-Lymphocytes / Q000276:immunology; D014765:Viral Vaccines / Q000276:immunology
D057134:Antibodies, Neutralizing; D000914:Antibodies, Viral; D014765:Viral Vaccines; D007371:Interferon-gamma
Coxsackievirus A16 (CV-A16); Dendritic cell (DC); Inactivated vaccine