Methylation status of homeobox genes in common human cancers.
Approximately 300 homeobox loci were identified in the euchromatic regions of the human genome, of which 235 are probable functional genes and 65 are likely pseudogenes. Many of these genes play important roles in embryonic development and cell differentiation. Dysregulation of homeobox gene expression is a frequent occurrence in cancer. Accumulating evidence suggests that as genetics disorders, epigenetic modifications alter the expression of oncogenes and tumor suppressor genes driving tumorigenesis and perhaps play a more central role in the evolution and progression of this disease. Here, we described the current knowledge regarding homeobox gene DNA methylation in human cancer and describe its relevance in the diagnosis, therapeutic response and prognosis of different types of human cancers.
Department of Oral Pathology, School of Dentistry, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.
Maria Fernanda Setúbal Destro
MF
Rodrigues
Department of Oral Pathology, School of Dentistry, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.
Carina Magalhães
CM
Esteves
Department of Stomatology, School of Dentistry, Federal University of Bahia, Salvador, Brazil.
Flávia Caló Aquino
FC
Xavier
Department of Oral Pathology, School of Dentistry, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil. Electronic address: fadnunes@uol.com.br.
Fabio Daumas
FD
Nunes
D019175:DNA Methylation; D044127:Epigenesis, Genetic; D015972:Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic; D005801:Genes, Homeobox; D006801:Humans; D009369:Neoplasms / Q000235:genetics*
DNA methylation; Epigenetic; Homeobox genes; Solid tumors