Marine sponge-associated bacteria as a potential source for polyhydroxyalkanoates.
Marine sponges are filter feeding porous animals and usually harbor a remarkable array of microorganisms in their mesohyl tissues as transient and resident endosymbionts. The marine sponge-microbial interactions are highly complex and, in some cases, the relationships are thought to be truly symbiotic or mutualistic rather than temporary associations resulting from sponge filter-feeding activity. The marine sponge-associated bacteria are fascinating source for various biomolecules that are of potential interest to several biotechnological industries. In recent times, a particular attention has been devoted to bacterial biopolymer (polyesters) such as intracellular polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHAs) produced by sponge-associated bacteria. Bacterial PHAs act as an internal reserve for carbon and energy and also are a tremendous alternative for fossil fuel-based polymers mainly due to their eco-friendliness. In addition, PHAs are produced when the microorganisms are under stressful conditions and this biopolymer synthesis might be exhibited as one of the survival mechanisms of sponge-associated or endosymbiotic bacteria which exist in a highly competitive and stressful sponge-mesohyl microenvironment. In this review, we have emphasized the industrial prospects of marine bacteria for the commercial production of PHAs and special importance has been given to marine sponge-associated bacteria as a potential resource for PHAs.
a Department of Biological Engineering, College of Engineering , Konkuk University , Seoul , South Korea.
Ganesan
G
Sathiyanarayanan
b Centre for Pheromone Technology, Department of Animal Science, School of Life Sciences , Bharathidasan University , Tiruchirappalli , India.
Ganesan
G
Saibaba
c Department of Food Science and Technology , Pondicherry University , Kalapet , India.
George Seghal
GS
Kiran
a Department of Biological Engineering, College of Engineering , Konkuk University , Seoul , South Korea.|d Microbial Carbohydrate Resource Bank , Konkuk University , Seoul , South Korea.
Yung-Hun
YH
Yang
e Department of Microbiology , Pondicherry University , Kalapet , India.
Joseph
J
Selvin
D000818:Animals; D001419:Bacteria / Q000378:metabolism*; D001709:Biotechnology / Q000379:methods; D054813:Polyhydroxyalkanoates / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism*; D011161:Porifera / Q000382:microbiology*
D054813:Polyhydroxyalkanoates
Marine sponge; biopolymers; polyhydroxyalkanoates; polyhydroxybutyrate; sponge-associated bacteria