Dietary Strategies Implicated in the Prevention and Treatment of Metabolic Syndrome.
Metabolic syndrome (MetS) is established as the combination of central obesity and different metabolic disturbances, such as insulin resistance, hypertension and dyslipidemia. This cluster of factors affects approximately 10%-50% of adults worldwide and the prevalence has been increasing in epidemic proportions over the last years. Thus, dietary strategies to treat this heterogenic disease are under continuous study. In this sense, diets based on negative-energy-balance, the Mediterranean dietary pattern, n-3 fatty acids, total antioxidant capacity and meal frequency have been suggested as effective approaches to treat MetS. Furthermore, the type and percentage of carbohydrates, the glycemic index or glycemic load, and dietary fiber content are some of the most relevant aspects related to insulin resistance and impaired glucose tolerance, which are important co-morbidities of MetS. Finally, new studies focused on the molecular action of specific nutritional bioactive compounds with positive effects on the MetS are currently an objective of scientific research worldwide. The present review summarizes some of the most relevant dietary approaches and bioactive compounds employed in the treatment of the MetS to date.
GENYAL Platform on Nutrition and Health, IMDEA Food Institute, CEI UAM + CSIC, 28049 Madrid, Spain. rocio.delaiglesia@imdea.org.
Rocio
R
de la Iglesia
GENYAL Platform on Nutrition and Health, IMDEA Food Institute, CEI UAM + CSIC, 28049 Madrid, Spain. viviana.loria@imdea.org.
Viviana
V
Loria-Kohen
Department of Nutrition, Food Science and Physiology, University of Navarra, 31008 Pamplona, Spain. mazulet@unav.es.|CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y la Nutrición (CIBERobn), 28029 Madrid, Spain. mazulet@unav.es.
Maria Angeles
MA
Zulet
Department of Nutrition, Food Science and Physiology, University of Navarra, 31008 Pamplona, Spain. jalfmtz@unav.es.|CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y la Nutrición (CIBERobn), 28029 Madrid, Spain. jalfmtz@unav.es.
Jose Alfredo
JA
Martinez
GENYAL Platform on Nutrition and Health, IMDEA Food Institute, CEI UAM + CSIC, 28049 Madrid, Spain. guillermo.reglero@imdea.org.
Guillermo
G
Reglero
GENYAL Platform on Nutrition and Health, IMDEA Food Institute, CEI UAM + CSIC, 28049 Madrid, Spain. ana.ramirez@imdea.org.
Ana
A
Ramirez de Molina
D004032:Diet; D038441:Diet, Mediterranean; D004043:Dietary Fiber / Q000008:administration & dosage; D004734:Energy Metabolism; D015525:Fatty Acids, Omega-3 / Q000008:administration & dosage; D005247:Feeding Behavior; D038321:Glycemic Index; D006801:Humans; D024821:Metabolic Syndrome / Q000178:diet therapy* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000517:prevention & control*; D009747:Nutritional Physiological Phenomena
D004043:Dietary Fiber; D015525:Fatty Acids, Omega-3
bioactive compounds; dietary strategies; metabolic syndrome