Maternal High Estradiol Exposure is Associated with Elevated Thyroxine and Pax8 in Mouse Offspring.
Our previous studies have shown that maternal high estradiol (E2) environment increased the risk of thyroid dysfunction in offspring. However, the mechanism involved remains unexplored. To evaluate the thyroid function of offspring after high E2exposure and to explore the underlying mechanism, we established a high E2mouse model of early pregnancy, and detected thyroid hormones of their offspring. In thyroids of offspring, the expressions of Tg, Nis, Tpo, Pax8, and Titf1 and CpG island methylation status of Pax8 and genes involved in methylation were analyzed. We found that thyroxine (T4) and FT4 levels of offspring were obviously increased in the high-E2group, especially in females. In both 3- and 8-week-old offspring of the high-E2group, Pax8 was significantly up-regulated in thyroid glands, accompanied by the abnormal CpG island methylation status in the promoter region. Furthermore, Dnmt3a and Mbd1 were obviously down-regulated in thyroids of the high E2group. Besides, the disturbance of thyroid function in females was more severe than that in males, implying that the effects were related to gender. In summary, our study indicated that maternal high E2exposure disturbed the thyroid function of offspring through the dysregulation and abnormal DNA methylation of Pax8.
Department of Reproductive Endocrinology, Women's Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310006, China.|Key Laboratory of Reproductive Genetics, Ministry of Education, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China.
Ping-Ping
PP
Lv
Key Laboratory of Reproductive Genetics, Ministry of Education, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China.|The Center of Reproductive Medicine, the 2nd affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310006, China.
Shen
S
Tian
Key Laboratory of Reproductive Genetics, Ministry of Education, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China.|The Center of Reproductive Medicine, the 2nd affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310006, China.
Chun
C
Feng
Department of Reproductive Endocrinology, Women's Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310006, China.|Key Laboratory of Reproductive Genetics, Ministry of Education, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China.
Jing-Yi
JY
Li
Key Laboratory of Reproductive Genetics, Ministry of Education, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China.|The Center of Reproductive Medicine, the 2nd affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310006, China.
Dan-Qin
DQ
Yu
International Peace Maternity and Child Health Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200030, China.
Li
L
Jin
Key Laboratory of Reproductive Genetics, Ministry of Education, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China.
Yan
Y
Shen
International Peace Maternity and Child Health Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200030, China.
Tian-Tian
TT
Yu
Key Laboratory of Reproductive Genetics, Ministry of Education, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China.
Ye
Y
Meng
International Peace Maternity and Child Health Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200030, China.
Guo-Lian
GL
Ding
Key Laboratory of Reproductive Genetics, Ministry of Education, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China.|The Center of Reproductive Medicine, the 2nd affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310006, China.
Min
M
Jin
Department of Reproductive Endocrinology, Women's Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310006, China.|Key Laboratory of Reproductive Genetics, Ministry of Education, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China.
Xi-Jing
XJ
Chen
Key Laboratory of Reproductive Genetics, Ministry of Education, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China.
Jian-Zhong
JZ
Sheng
Department of Reproductive Endocrinology, Women's Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310006, China.|Key Laboratory of Reproductive Genetics, Ministry of Education, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China.
Dan
D
Zhang
Department of Reproductive Endocrinology, Women's Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310006, China.|Key Laboratory of Reproductive Genetics, Ministry of Education, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China.|International Peace Maternity and Child Health Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200030, China.|Institute of Embryo-Fetal Original Adult Diseases and Shanghai Key laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200030, China.
He-Feng
HF
Huang
D000818:Animals; D018899:CpG Islands / Q000187:drug effects; D019175:DNA Methylation / Q000187:drug effects; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D004958:Estradiol / Q000009:adverse effects*; D005260:Female; D005819:Genetic Markers / Q000187:drug effects; D008297:Male; D018811:Maternal Exposure / Q000009:adverse effects*; D051379:Mice; D000072636:PAX8 Transcription Factor / Q000235:genetics*; D011247:Pregnancy; D011297:Prenatal Exposure Delayed Effects / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism; D013974:Thyroxine / Q000378:metabolism*; D015854:Up-Regulation
D005819:Genetic Markers; D000072636:PAX8 Transcription Factor; C499496:Pax8 protein, mouse; D004958:Estradiol; D013974:Thyroxine