A Framework for Assessing High School Students' Statistical Reasoning.
Based on a synthesis of literature, earlier studies, analyses and observations on high school students, this study developed an initial framework for assessing students' statistical reasoning about descriptive statistics. Framework descriptors were established across five levels of statistical reasoning and four key constructs. The former consisted of idiosyncratic reasoning, verbal reasoning, transitional reasoning, procedural reasoning, and integrated process reasoning. The latter include describing data, organizing and reducing data, representing data, and analyzing and interpreting data. In contrast to earlier studies, this initial framework formulated a complete and coherent statistical reasoning framework. A statistical reasoning assessment tool was then constructed from this initial framework. The tool was administered to 10 tenth-grade students in a task-based interview. The initial framework was refined, and the statistical reasoning assessment tool was revised. The ten students then participated in the second task-based interview, and the data obtained were used to validate the framework. The findings showed that the students' statistical reasoning levels were consistent across the four constructs, and this result confirmed the framework's cohesion. Developed to contribute to statistics education, this newly developed statistical reasoning framework provides a guide for planning learning goals and designing instruction and assessments.
Department of Production and Operation Management, Faculty of Technology Management and Business, Universiti Tun Hussein Onn Malaysia, Batu Pahat, Johor, Malaysia.
Shiau Wei
http://orcid.org/0000-0002-9134-5025
SW
Chan
Department of Educational Sciences, Mathematics and Creative Multimedia, Faculty of Education, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Skudai, Johor, Malaysia.
Zaleha
Z
Ismail
Institute of Educational Leadership, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
Bambang
B
Sumintono
D004521:Educational Measurement / Q000379:methods*; D006801:Humans; D013223:Statistics as Topic; D013334:Students; D013850:Thinking