Nosocomial infection of CCHF among health care workers in Rajasthan, India.
BACKGROUND
Ever since Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever [CCHF] discovered in India, several outbreaks of this disease have been recorded in Gujarat State, India. During the year 2011 to 2015 several districts of Gujarat and Rajasthan state (Sirohi) found to be affected with CCHF including the positivity among ticks and livestock. During these years many infected individuals succumbed to this disease; which subsequently led to nosocomial infections. Herein, we report CCHF cases recorded from Rajasthan state during January 2015. This has affected four individuals apparently associated with one suspected CCHF case admitted in a private hospital in Jodhpur, Rajasthan.


METHODS
A 30-year-old male was hospitalized in a private hospital in Jodhpur, Rajasthan State, who subsequently had developed thrombocytopenia and showed hemorrhagic manifestations and died in the hospital. Later on, four nursing staff from the same hospital also developed the similar symptoms (Index case and Case A, B, C). Index case succumbed to the disease in the hospital at Jodhpur followed by the death of the case A that was shifted to AIIMS hospital, Delhi due to clinical deterioration. Blood samples of the index case and Case A, B, C were referred to the National institute of Virology, Pune, India for CCHF diagnosis from the different hospitals in Rajasthan, Delhi and Gujarat. However, a sample of deceased suspected CCHF case was not referred. Subsequently, blood samples of 5 nursing staff and 37 contacts (Case D was one of them) from Pokhran area, Jaisalmer district were referred to NIV, Pune.


CONCLUSIONS
It clearly indicated that nursing staff acquired a nosocomial infection while attending the suspected CCHF case in an Intensive Care Unit of a private hospital in Jodhpur. However, one case was confirmed from the Pokhran area where the suspected CCHF case was residing. This case might have got the infection from suspected CCHF case or through other routes. CCHF strain associated with these nosocomial infections shares the highest identity with Afghanistan strain and its recent introduction from Afghanistan cannot be ruled out. However, lack of active surveillance, unawareness among health care workers leads to such nosocomial infections.
National Institute of Virology, 20-A, Dr. Ambedkar Road, Pune, Maharashtra, Pin Code: 411001, India.
Pragya D
PD
Yadav
National Institute of Virology, 20-A, Dr. Ambedkar Road, Pune, Maharashtra, Pin Code: 411001, India.
Deepak Y
DY
Patil
National Institute of Virology, 20-A, Dr. Ambedkar Road, Pune, Maharashtra, Pin Code: 411001, India.
Anita M
AM
Shete
National Institute of Virology, 20-A, Dr. Ambedkar Road, Pune, Maharashtra, Pin Code: 411001, India.
Prasad
P
Kokate
Goyal Hospital and Research Center, Jodhpur, Rajasthan, India.
Pulkit
P
Goyal
National Institute of Virology, 20-A, Dr. Ambedkar Road, Pune, Maharashtra, Pin Code: 411001, India.
Santosh
S
Jadhav
All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India.
Sanjeev
S
Sinha
National Institute of Virology, 20-A, Dr. Ambedkar Road, Pune, Maharashtra, Pin Code: 411001, India.
Divya
D
Zawar
All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India.
Surendra K
SK
Sharma
All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India.
Arti
A
Kapil
All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India.
D K
DK
Sharma
B J Medical College, Ahmadabad, Gujarat, India.
Kamlesh J
KJ
Upadhyay
National Institute of Virology, 20-A, Dr. Ambedkar Road, Pune, Maharashtra, Pin Code: 411001, India. dtmourya@gmail.com.
Devendra T
DT
Mourya
D000328:Adult; D003428:Cross Infection; D004196:Disease Outbreaks; D003225:Hemorrhagic Fever Virus, Crimean-Congo; D006479:Hemorrhagic Fever, Crimean / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000635:transmission*; D006801:Humans; D007194:India / Q000453:epidemiology; D017758:Infectious Disease Transmission, Patient-to-Professional; D007362:Intensive Care Units; D008297:Male; D009726:Nurses; D055815:Young Adult
CCHF; Gujarat; RT-PCR; Rajasthan; Tick; Virus