Cognitive behavioral therapy for compulsive buying behavior: Predictors of treatment outcome.
Compulsive buying behavior (CBB) is receiving increasing consideration in both consumer and psychiatric-epidemiological research, yet empirical evidence on treatment interventions is scarce and mostly from small homogeneous clinical samples.



To estimate the short-term effectiveness of a standardized, individual cognitive behavioral therapy intervention (CBT) in a sample of n=97 treatment-seeking patients diagnosed with CBB, and to identify the most relevant predictors of therapy outcome.



The intervention consisted of 12 individual CBT weekly sessions, lasting approximately 45minutes each. Data on patients' personality traits, psychopathology, sociodemographic factors, and compulsive buying behavior were used in our analysis.



The risk (cumulative incidence) of poor adherence to the CBT program was 27.8%. The presence of relapses during the CBT program was 47.4% and the dropout rate was 46.4%. Significant predictors of poor therapy adherence were being male, high levels of depression and obsessive-compulsive symptoms, low anxiety levels, high persistence, high harm avoidance and low self-transcendence.



Cognitive behavioral models show promise in treating CBB, however future interventions for CBB should be designed via a multidimensional approach in which patients' sex, comorbid symptom levels and the personality-trait profiles play a central role.
Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Ciber Fisiopatología Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERObn), C/Monforte de Lemos, 3-5, Pabellón 11, Planta 0, 28029 Madrid, Spain; Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Departament de Psicobiologia i Metodologia de les Ciències de la Salut, C/Fortuna Edificio B, Bellaterra, Cerdanyola del Vallès, 08193 Barcelona, Spain.
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Granero
Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Ciber Fisiopatología Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERObn), C/Monforte de Lemos, 3-5, Pabellón 11, Planta 0, 28029 Madrid, Spain; Bellvitge University Hospital-IDIBELL, Department of Psychiatry, Pathological Gambling Unit, C/Feixa Llarga s/n, Hospitalet de Llobregat, 08907 Barcelona, Spain; Campus de Bellvitge Pavelló de Govern, University of Barcelona, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Clinical Sciences, Feixa Llarga s/n, Hospitalet de Llobregat, 08907 Barcelona, Spain.
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Fernández-Aranda
Bellvitge University Hospital-IDIBELL, Department of Psychiatry, Pathological Gambling Unit, C/Feixa Llarga s/n, Hospitalet de Llobregat, 08907 Barcelona, Spain.
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Mestre-Bach
Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Ciber Fisiopatología Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERObn), C/Monforte de Lemos, 3-5, Pabellón 11, Planta 0, 28029 Madrid, Spain; Bellvitge University Hospital-IDIBELL, Department of Psychiatry, Pathological Gambling Unit, C/Feixa Llarga s/n, Hospitalet de Llobregat, 08907 Barcelona, Spain.
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Steward
Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Ciber Fisiopatología Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERObn), C/Monforte de Lemos, 3-5, Pabellón 11, Planta 0, 28029 Madrid, Spain; Bellvitge University Hospital-IDIBELL, Department of Psychiatry, Pathological Gambling Unit, C/Feixa Llarga s/n, Hospitalet de Llobregat, 08907 Barcelona, Spain.
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Baño
Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Ciber Fisiopatología Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERObn), C/Monforte de Lemos, 3-5, Pabellón 11, Planta 0, 28029 Madrid, Spain; Bellvitge University Hospital-IDIBELL, Department of Psychiatry, Pathological Gambling Unit, C/Feixa Llarga s/n, Hospitalet de Llobregat, 08907 Barcelona, Spain.
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Agüera
Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Ciber Fisiopatología Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERObn), C/Monforte de Lemos, 3-5, Pabellón 11, Planta 0, 28029 Madrid, Spain; Bellvitge University Hospital-IDIBELL, Department of Psychiatry, Pathological Gambling Unit, C/Feixa Llarga s/n, Hospitalet de Llobregat, 08907 Barcelona, Spain.
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Mallorquí-Bagué
Bellvitge University Hospital-IDIBELL, Department of Psychiatry, Pathological Gambling Unit, C/Feixa Llarga s/n, Hospitalet de Llobregat, 08907 Barcelona, Spain.
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Aymamí
Bellvitge University Hospital-IDIBELL, Department of Psychiatry, Pathological Gambling Unit, C/Feixa Llarga s/n, Hospitalet de Llobregat, 08907 Barcelona, Spain.
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Gómez-Peña
Bellvitge University Hospital-IDIBELL, Department of Psychiatry, Pathological Gambling Unit, C/Feixa Llarga s/n, Hospitalet de Llobregat, 08907 Barcelona, Spain.
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Sancho
Bellvitge University Hospital-IDIBELL, Department of Psychiatry, Pathological Gambling Unit, C/Feixa Llarga s/n, Hospitalet de Llobregat, 08907 Barcelona, Spain.
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Sánchez
Bellvitge University Hospital-IDIBELL, Department of Psychiatry, Pathological Gambling Unit, C/Feixa Llarga s/n, Hospitalet de Llobregat, 08907 Barcelona, Spain; Campus de Bellvitge Pavelló de Govern, University of Barcelona, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Clinical Sciences, Feixa Llarga s/n, Hospitalet de Llobregat, 08907 Barcelona, Spain; Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Ciber de Salud Mental (CIBERSAM), C/Monforte de Lemos 3-5, Pabellón 11, Planta 0, 28029 Madrid, Spain.
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Menchón
Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Departament de Psicologia Clinica, C/Fortuna Edificio B, Bellaterra, Cerdanyola del Vallès, 08193 Barcelona, Spain.
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Martín-Romera
Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Ciber Fisiopatología Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERObn), C/Monforte de Lemos, 3-5, Pabellón 11, Planta 0, 28029 Madrid, Spain; Bellvitge University Hospital-IDIBELL, Department of Psychiatry, Pathological Gambling Unit, C/Feixa Llarga s/n, Hospitalet de Llobregat, 08907 Barcelona, Spain; Campus de Bellvitge Pavelló de Govern, University of Barcelona, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Clinical Sciences, Feixa Llarga s/n, Hospitalet de Llobregat, 08907 Barcelona, Spain. Electronic address: sjimenez@bellvitgehospital.cat.
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Jiménez-Murcia
D000328:Adult; D015928:Cognitive Behavioral Therapy / Q000379:methods*; D003132:Commerce; D003192:Compulsive Behavior / Q000523:psychology / Q000628:therapy*; D003863:Depression / Q000628:therapy; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009771:Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder / Q000523:psychology / Q000628:therapy*; D011599:Psychopathology; D012201:Reward; D012720:Severity of Illness Index; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D055815:Young Adult
Addiction; Cognitive behavior therapy (CBT); Compulsive buying; Dropout; Personality; Relapse