Systematic Review on Global Epidemiology of Methicillin-ResistantStaphylococcus pseudintermedius: Inference of Population Structure from Multilocus Sequence Typing Data.
Background and rationale:Methicillin-resistantStaphylococcus pseudintermedius(MRSP) is a major cause of infections in dogs, also posing a zoonotic risk to humans. This systematic review aimed to determine the global epidemiology of MRSP and provide new insights into the population structure of this important veterinary pathogen.Methodology:Web of Science was searched systematically for articles reporting data on multilocus sequence typing (MLST) ofS. pseudintermediusisolates from dogs or other animal or human patients and carriers. Data from the eligible studies were then integrated with data from the MLST database for this species. Analysis of MLST data was performed with eBURST and ClonalFrame, and the proportion of MRSP isolates resistant to selected antimicrobial drugs was determined for the most predominant clonal complexes.Results:Fifty-eight studies published over the last 10 years were included in the review. MRSP represented 76% of the 1428 isolates characterized by the current MLST scheme. The population ofS. pseudintermediuswas highly diverse and included five major MRSP clonal complexes (CCs). CC71, previously described as the epidemic European clone, is now widespread worldwide. In Europe, CC258, which is more frequently susceptible to enrofloxacin and aminoglycosides, and more frequently resistant to sulphonamides/trimethoprim than CC71, is increasingly reported in various countries. CC68, previously described as the epidemic North American clone, is frequently reported in this region but also in Europe, while CC45 (associated with chloramphenicol resistance) and CC112 are prevalent in Asia. It was estimated that clonal diversification in this species is primarily driven by homologous recombination (r/m= 7.52).Conclusion:This study provides evidence thatS. pseudintermediushas an epidemic population structure, in which five successful MRSP lineages with specific traits regarding antimicrobial resistance, genetic diversity and geographical distribution have emerged upon a weakly clonal background through acquisition of SCCmecand other mobile genetic elements.
Department of Veterinary Disease Biology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen Frederiksberg, Denmark.
Teresa
T
Pires Dos Santos
Department of Veterinary Disease Biology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen Frederiksberg, Denmark.
Peter
P
Damborg
Department of Veterinary Disease Biology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen Frederiksberg, Denmark.
Arshnee
A
Moodley
Department of Veterinary Disease Biology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of CopenhagenFrederiksberg, Denmark; Department of Biomedical Sciences, Ross University School of Veterinary MedicineSt Kitts, West Indies.
Luca
L
Guardabassi
MLST; MRSP; Staphylococcus pseudintermedius; antimicrobial resistance; companion animals; epidemiology; systematic review