Production and application of menaquinone-7 (vitamin K2): a new perspective.
Menaquinone-7, a highly valuable member of the vitamin K series, has significant effects on preventing osteoporosis and cardiovascular disease besides its positive effects on blood coagulation. In this review, chemical and biological aspects of menaquinone-7 are briefly summarized followed by a critical review on upstream and downstream processing developments for its production and recovery, including solid versus liquid fermentations, static versus agitated fermentations and online versus post-production recovery. Latest research outcomes for improving industrial scale production of menaquinone-7 are summarized and recommendations are given for areas of future research.
Department of Agricultural and Biological Engineering, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, 16802, USA.
Ehsan
E
Mahdinia
Department of Agricultural and Biological Engineering, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, 16802, USA.
Ali
A
Demirci
Faculty of Science and Engineering, The University of Waikato, Hamilton, 3240, New Zealand. aydin.berenjian@waikato.ac.nz.
Aydin
A
Berenjian
D001419:Bacteria / Q000378:metabolism*; D061249:Batch Cell Culture Techniques; D019149:Bioreactors; D001709:Biotechnology / Q000379:methods*; D004345:Drug Industry; D005285:Fermentation; D006801:Humans; D024482:Vitamin K 2 / Q000378:metabolism*
D024482:Vitamin K 2
Fermentation; Menaquinone; Nutritional benefits; Production; Separation; Vitamin K