Crosstalk between obesity and MMP-9 in cardiac remodelling -a cross-sectional study in apparent treatment-resistant hypertension.
The balance between matrix metalloproteinases (MMP) and their tissue inhibitors (TIMP) plays a key role in the development of hypertension and obesity. We aimed to evaluate the levels of MMP-2 and 9 and TIMP-2 and -1 in obese and non-obese apparent treatment-resistant hypertensive subjects (aTRH) and its association with cardiac hypertrophy. This cross-sectional study enrolled 122 subjects and divided into obese aTRH (n = 67) and non-obese (n = 55) group. Clinical and biochemical data were compared between both groups, including office BP, ambulatory BP, plasma MMP-2 and 9, TIMP-2 and 1 and left ventricular mass index (LVMI). We found higher MMP-9 levels and MMP-9/TIMP-1 ratio in obese aTRH subjects but no difference in MMP-2 and TIMP-1 levels. Obesity influenced MMP-9 levels [β = 20.8 SE =8.6, p = 0.02) independently of potential confounders. In addition, we found a positive correlation between MMP-9 and anthropomorphic parameters. Finally, obese aTRH subjects with left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH) had greater MMP-9 levels compared with non-obese with LVH. Our study suggests that MMP-9 levels are influenced by obesity and may directly participate in the progressive LV remodelling process, suggesting a possible role for a higher cardiovascular risk in apparent resistant hypertensive subjects.
a Laboratory of Pharmacology Cardiovascular, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Department of Pharmacology , University of Campinas , Campinas , SP , Brazil.
Alessandra Mileni Versuti
AM
Ritter
a Laboratory of Pharmacology Cardiovascular, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Department of Pharmacology , University of Campinas , Campinas , SP , Brazil.
Ana Paula
AP
de Faria
a Laboratory of Pharmacology Cardiovascular, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Department of Pharmacology , University of Campinas , Campinas , SP , Brazil.
Natália
N
Barbaro
a Laboratory of Pharmacology Cardiovascular, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Department of Pharmacology , University of Campinas , Campinas , SP , Brazil.
Andréa Rodrigues
AR
Sabbatini
a Laboratory of Pharmacology Cardiovascular, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Department of Pharmacology , University of Campinas , Campinas , SP , Brazil.
Nathália Batista
NB
Corrêa
a Laboratory of Pharmacology Cardiovascular, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Department of Pharmacology , University of Campinas , Campinas , SP , Brazil.
Veridiana
V
Brunelli
b Laboratory of Neuromodulation & Center for Clinical Research Learning, Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation (PM&R) , Spaulding Rehabilitation Hospital, Harvard Medical School , Boston , MA , USA.
Rivadavio
R
Amorim
a Laboratory of Pharmacology Cardiovascular, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Department of Pharmacology , University of Campinas , Campinas , SP , Brazil.|c Laboratory of Pharmacology Cardiovascular, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Department of Internal Medicine , University of Campinas , SP , Brazil.
Rodrigo
R
Modolo
c Laboratory of Pharmacology Cardiovascular, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Department of Internal Medicine , University of Campinas , SP , Brazil.
Heitor
H
Moreno
D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D004351:Drug Resistance; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D006973:Hypertension / Q000097:blood* / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000209:etiology; D017379:Hypertrophy, Left Ventricular / Q000097:blood* / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000209:etiology; D008297:Male; D020778:Matrix Metalloproteinase 2 / Q000097:blood; D020780:Matrix Metalloproteinase 9 / Q000097:blood*; D008875:Middle Aged; D009765:Obesity / Q000097:blood* / Q000150:complications / Q000188:drug therapy; D019715:Tissue Inhibitor of Metalloproteinase-1 / Q000097:blood; D066253:Vascular Remodeling
C560822:TIMP1 protein, human; D019715:Tissue Inhibitor of Metalloproteinase-1; C522361:MMP2 protein, human; D020778:Matrix Metalloproteinase 2; C579270:MMP9 protein, human; D020780:Matrix Metalloproteinase 9
Refractory hypertension; cardiac damage; metalloproteinases; obesity