Bioactive Polymeric Nanoparticles for Periodontal Therapy.
OBJECTIVE
to design calcium and zinc-loaded bioactive and cytocompatible nanoparticles for the treatment of periodontal disease.


METHODS
PolymP-nActive nanoparticles were zinc or calcium loaded. Biomimetic calcium phosphate precipitation on polymeric particles was assessed after 7 days immersion in simulated body fluid, by scanning electron microscopy attached to an energy dispersive analysis system. Amorphous mineral deposition was probed by X-ray diffraction. Cell viability analysis was performed using oral mucosa fibroblasts by: 1) quantifying the liberated deoxyribonucleic acid from dead cells, 2) detecting the amount of lactate dehydrogenase enzyme released by cells with damaged membranes, and 3) by examining the cytoplasmic esterase function and cell membranes integrity with a fluorescence-based method using the Live/Dead commercial kit. Data were analyzed by Kruskal-Wallis and Mann-Whitney tests.


RESULTS
Precipitation of calcium and phosphate on the nanoparticles surfaces was observed in calcium-loaded nanoparticles. Non-loaded nanoparticles were found to be non-toxic in all the assays, calcium and zinc-loaded particles presented a dose dependent but very low cytotoxic effect.


CONCLUSIONS
The ability of calcium-loaded nanoparticles to promote precipitation of calcium phosphate deposits, together with their observed non-toxicity may offer new strategies for periodontal disease treatment.
Dental School. University of Granada. Colegio Máximo, Campus de Cartuja s/n. 18017 Granada, Spain.
Raquel
http://orcid.org/0000-0001-7679-6840
R
Osorio
Tissue Engineering Group, Department of Histology, University of Granada, 18012, Granada, Spain.
Camilo Andrés
CA
Alfonso-Rodríguez
NanoMyP. Spin-Off Enterprise from University of Granada. Edificio BIC-Granada. Av. Innovación 1. 18016 Armilla, Granada, Spain.
Antonio L
AL
Medina-Castillo
Tissue Engineering Group, Department of Histology, University of Granada, 18012, Granada, Spain.
Miguel
M
Alaminos
Dental School. University of Granada. Colegio Máximo, Campus de Cartuja s/n. 18017 Granada, Spain.
Manuel
M
Toledano
D040761:Biomimetic Materials / Q000737:chemistry; D002118:Calcium / Q000737:chemistry; D002130:Calcium Phosphates / Q000737:chemistry; D006801:Humans; D008422:Materials Testing / Q000379:methods; D008855:Microscopy, Electron, Scanning / Q000379:methods; D009061:Mouth Mucosa / Q000187:drug effects; D053758:Nanoparticles / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000737:chemistry*; D010510:Periodontal Diseases / Q000188:drug therapy*; D011108:Polymers / Q000737:chemistry*; D013499:Surface Properties; D014961:X-Ray Diffraction / Q000379:methods; D015032:Zinc / Q000737:chemistry
D002130:Calcium Phosphates; D011108:Polymers; C020243:calcium phosphate; D015032:Zinc; D002118:Calcium