Validation of Biomarker Proteins Using Reverse Capture Protein Microarrays.
Genomics has revolutionized large-scale and high-throughput sequencing and has led to the discovery of thousands of new proteins. Protein chip technology is emerging as a miniaturized and highly parallel platform that is suited to rapid, simultaneous screening of large numbers of proteins and the analysis of various protein-binding activities, enzyme substrate relationships, and posttranslational modifications. Specifically, reverse capture protein microarrays provide the most appropriate platform for identifying low-abundance, disease-specific biomarker proteins in a sea of high-abundance proteins from biological fluids such as blood, serum, plasma, saliva, urine, and cerebrospinal fluid as well as tissues and cells obtained by biopsy. Samples from hundreds of patients can be spotted in serial dilutions on many replicate glass slides. Each slide can then be probed with one specific antibody to the biomarker of interest. That antibody's titer can then be determined quantitatively for each patient, allowing for the statistical assessment and validation of the diagnostic or prognostic utility of that particular antigen. As the technology matures and the availability of validated, platform-compatible antibodies increases, the platform will move further into the desirable realm of discovery science for detecting and quantitating low-abundance signaling proteins. In this chapter, we describe methods for the successful application of the reverse capture protein microarray platform for which we have made substantial contributions to the development and application of this method, particularly in the use of body fluids other than serum/plasma.
Department of Anatomy, Physiology and Genetics, Institute for Molecular Medicine, Center for Medical Proteomics, Uniformed Services University School of Medicine, 4301 Jones Bridge Road, Bethesda, MD, 20814, USA.
Catherine
C
Jozwik
Department of Anatomy, Physiology and Genetics, Institute for Molecular Medicine, Center for Medical Proteomics, Uniformed Services University School of Medicine, 4301 Jones Bridge Road, Bethesda, MD, 20814, USA.
Ofer
O
Eidelman
Department of Anatomy, Physiology and Genetics, Institute for Molecular Medicine, Center for Medical Proteomics, Uniformed Services University School of Medicine, 4301 Jones Bridge Road, Bethesda, MD, 20814, USA.
Joshua
J
Starr
Department of Anatomy, Physiology and Genetics, Institute for Molecular Medicine, Center for Medical Proteomics, Uniformed Services University School of Medicine, 4301 Jones Bridge Road, Bethesda, MD, 20814, USA.
Harvey B
HB
Pollard
Department of Anatomy, Physiology and Genetics, Institute for Molecular Medicine, Center for Medical Proteomics, Uniformed Services University School of Medicine, 4301 Jones Bridge Road, Bethesda, MD, 20814, USA. meera.srivastava@usuhs.edu.
Meera
M
Srivastava
D000906:Antibodies / Q000737:chemistry; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000097:blood / Q000134:cerebrospinal fluid / Q000652:urine; D001826:Body Fluids / Q000737:chemistry; D006801:Humans; D061251:Primary Cell Culture; D011327:Printing / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods*; D040081:Protein Array Analysis / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods*; D011499:Protein Processing, Post-Translational; D011506:Proteins / Q000032:analysis* / Q000378:metabolism; D040901:Proteomics / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods*; D054928:Validation Studies as Topic
D000906:Antibodies; D015415:Biomarkers; D011506:Proteins
Antibodies; Bioinformatics; Biomarkers; Body fluids; Proteomics; Reverse capture protein microarray