Visualization and quantitation of fetal movements by real-time three-dimensional ultrasound with live xPlane imaging in the first trimester of pregnancy.
OBJECTIVE
To prove whether real-time three-dimensional (3D) ultrasound with live xPlane imaging is better in observing fetal movements than standard ultrasound imaging.


METHODS
50 healthy women with singleton pregnancies (22-43 years old) at 11 to 14 weeks of gestation underwent real-time 3D ultrasound examination with live xPlane imaging from July 2014 to February 2015. The incidence and frequency of 10 fetal movement patterns in 10 minutes were evaluated, including general movements (GMs), isolated arm movements, isolated leg movements, hiccup, stretching, breathing, startle, jaw opening, isolated head retroflexion, and isolated head anteflexion. The correlation between gestational age and frequency of each fetal movement pattern was analyzed.


RESULTS
GM had the highest incidence (100%), followed by startle (84%) and isolated arm movements (68%). Their median frequency was 5 (IQR 3-6), 5 (IQR 1.75-11.5), and 1 (IQR 0-2), respectively. GM (Z=5.875, P<0.001) and startle (Z=5.302, P<0.001) had significantly higher frequency than isolated arm movements. The other 7 fetal movement patterns had much lower incidence and frequency. The frequency of GM was positively correlated with gestational age (r=0.360, P=0.010).


CONCLUSIONS
Real-time 3D ultrasound with live x Plane imaging was shown to be a feasible tool for observing fetal movements.
Ye
Y
Lu
Taizhu
T
Yang
Hong Luo, Department of Diagnostic Ultrasound, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children, Ministry of Education, No. 20, Section 3, Renmin Nanlu, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China, uolhong@163.com.
Hong
H
Luo
Feng
F
Deng
Qianyun
Q
Cai
Weiwei
W
Sun
Hao
H
Song
D000328:Adult; D005260:Female; D005324:Fetal Movement; D005865:Gestational Age; D006801:Humans; D021621:Imaging, Three-Dimensional / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods*; D011247:Pregnancy; D011261:Pregnancy Trimester, First; D016216:Ultrasonography, Prenatal / Q000379:methods*