Oncolytic adenovirus coexpressing interleukin-12 and shVEGF restores antitumor immune function and enhances antitumor efficacy.
Tumor microenvironment is extremely immunosuppressive, preventing efficient induction of antitumor immunity. To overcome tumor-mediated immunosuppression and enhance the potency of immunogene therapy, oncolytic adenovirus (Ad) co-expressing interleukin (IL)-12 and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF)-specific short hairpin ribonucleic acid (shVEGF; RdB/IL12/shVEGF) was generated. Intratumoral injection of RdB/IL12/shVEGF induced a strong antitumor effect in an immune competent B16-F10 melanoma model. RdB/IL12/shVEGF restored immune surveillance function in tumor tissues and actively recruited immune cells by elevating the expression levels of IL-12 and interferon-γ. RdB/IL12/shVEGF efficiently suppressed expression of immunosuppressive VEGF, resulting in restoration of the antitumor immune response and prevention of thymic atrophy. In situ delivery of RdB/IL12/shVEGF to tumor tissues resulted in massive infiltration of differentiated CD4+ T cells, CD8+ T cells, natural killer cells, and dendritic cells to tissues surrounding the necrotic region of tumor. Furthermore, RdB/IL12/shVEGF induced a potent tumor-specific T helper type 1 immune response, implying that attenuation of the immunosuppressive environment mediated by downregulation of VEGF can significantly enhance immune stimulatory functions in the tumor milieu. Collectively, these findings indicate the potential of inducing and restoring potent antitumor immunity using intratumorally administered oncolytic Ad co-expressing IL-12 and shVEGF.
Department of Bioengineering, College of Engineering, Hanyang University, Seongdong-gu, 222 Wangsimni-ro 133-791, Seoul, Korea.
Hyo Min
HM
Ahn
Department of Bioengineering, College of Engineering, Hanyang University, Seongdong-gu, 222 Wangsimni-ro 133-791, Seoul, Korea.
JinWoo
J
Hong
Department of Bioengineering, College of Engineering, Hanyang University, Seongdong-gu, 222 Wangsimni-ro 133-791, Seoul, Korea.
Chae-Ok
CO
Yun
D000256:Adenoviridae / Q000235:genetics; D000818:Animals; D002465:Cell Movement; D003713:Dendritic Cells / Q000502:physiology*; D005822:Genetic Vectors; D006801:Humans; D007157:Immunologic Surveillance; D007371:Interferon-gamma / Q000378:metabolism; D018664:Interleukin-12 / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism; D008213:Lymphocyte Activation; D016246:Lymphocytes, Tumor-Infiltrating / Q000502:physiology*; D008297:Male; D008546:Melanoma, Experimental; D051379:Mice; D008810:Mice, Inbred C57BL; D009374:Neoplasms, Experimental / Q000628:therapy*; D050130:Oncolytic Virotherapy; D034741:RNA, Small Interfering / Q000235:genetics*; D018417:Th1 Cells / Q000276:immunology*; D059016:Tumor Microenvironment; D042461:Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A / Q000235:genetics
D034741:RNA, Small Interfering; D042461:Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A; D018664:Interleukin-12; D007371:Interferon-gamma
cancer immunogene therapy; interleukin-12; oncolytic adenovirus; thymic atrophy; vascular endothelial growth factor