Beer as a Rich Source of Fluoride Delivered into the Body.
Fluoride is an element which in the minimum amount is necessary for the proper construction of the teeth and bones. But on the other hand, it increases the synthesis of reactive oxygen species, inflammatory mediators, and impairs the action of enzymes. Beer is the most popular alcoholic beverage in the world. Due to its prevalence and volume of consumption, it should be considered as a potential source of F- and taken into account in designing a balanced diet. Therefore, the aim of this study was to analyze beer samples in terms of F- levels. The concentrations of fluoride were examined using ion-selective electrode Thermo Scientific Orion and statistical analysis was based on two-way ANOVA and t test. When compared to imported beers, Polish beers were characterized by the lowest mean F- concentration (0.089 ppm). The highest mean F- concentrations were recorded in beers from Thailand (0.260 ppm), Italy (0.238 ppm), Mexico (0.210 ppm), and China (0.203 ppm). Our study shows that beer is a significant source of fluoride for humans, which is mainly associated with the quality of the water used in beer production.
Department of Biochemistry and Human Nutrition, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, Broniewskiego 24 street, 71-460, Szczecin, Poland.
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Styburski
Department of Biochemistry, Pomeranian Medical University, Powstańców Wlkp. av. 72, 70-111, Szczecin, Poland.
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Baranowska-Bosiacka
Department of Biochemistry, Pomeranian Medical University, Powstańców Wlkp. av. 72, 70-111, Szczecin, Poland.
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Goschorska
Department of Biochemistry, Pomeranian Medical University, Powstańców Wlkp. av. 72, 70-111, Szczecin, Poland.
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Chlubek
Department of Biochemistry and Human Nutrition, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, Broniewskiego 24 street, 71-460, Szczecin, Poland. gutowska@pum.edu.pl.
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Gutowska
D001515:Beer / Q000032:analysis*; D002681:China; D005459:Fluorides / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000032:analysis*; D006801:Humans; D007558:Italy; D008800:Mexico; D011044:Poland; D013785:Thailand
D005459:Fluorides
Beer; Fluoride content; Fluoride intake