Opposing Roles of Wnt Inhibitors IGFBP-4 and Dkk1 in Cardiac Ischemia by Differential Targeting of LRP5/6 and β-catenin.
BACKGROUND
Myocardial infarction is one of the leading causes of morbidity and mortality worldwide, triggering irreversible myocardial cell damage and heart failure. The role of low-density lipoprotein receptor-related proteins 5 and 6 (LRP5/6) as coreceptors of the Wnt/β-catenin pathway in the adult heart remain unknown. Insulin-like growth factor binding protein 4 and dickkopf-related protein 1 (Dkk1) are 2 secreted LRP5/6 binding proteins that play a crucial role in heart development through preventing Wnt/β-catenin pathway activation. However, their roles in the adult heart remain unexplored.


METHODS
To understand the role of LRP5/6 and β-catenin in the adult heart, we constructed conditional cardiomyocyte-specific LRP5/6 and β-catenin knockout mice and induced surgical myocardial infarction. We also directly injected recombinant proteins of insulin-like growth factor binding protein 4 and Dkk1 into the heart immediately following myocardial infarction to further examine the mechanisms through which these proteins regulate LRP5/6 and β-catenin.


RESULTS
Deletion of LRP5/6 promoted cardiac ischemic insults. Conversely, deficiency of β-catenin, a downstream target of LRP5/6, was beneficial in ischemic injury. It is interesting to note that although both insulin-like growth factor binding protein 4 and Dkk1 are secreted Wnt/β-catenin pathway inhibitors, insulin-like growth factor binding protein 4 protected the ischemic heart by inhibiting β-catenin, whereas Dkk1 enhanced the injury response mainly through inducing LRP5/6 endocytosis and degradation.


CONCLUSIONS
Our findings reveal previously unidentified dual roles of LRP5/6 involved in the cardiomyocyte response to ischemic injury. These findings suggest new therapeutic strategies in ischemic heart disease by fine-tuning LRP5/6 and β-catenin signaling within the Wnt/β-catenin pathway.
From Clinical and Translational Research Center Shanghai East Hospital, Key Laboratory of Arrhythmias, Ministry of Education, Tongji University School of Medicine, China (D.W., Jinhui Peng, D.-n.R., J.C., Y. Zhu, Y.Y., H.Y., E.M., Y.C., Zhongmin Liu, S.L., L.A., W.Z.); Department of Orthopedics, Changzheng Hospital, Shanghai, China (Jinhui Peng, Q.Q.); Academy of Integrative Medicine, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, Fujian, China (L.Q., Jun Peng); Shanghai Key Laboratory of Signaling and Disease Research, The School of Life Sciences and Technology, Tongji University, China (Zhenping Liu, C.J.); State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, Department of Genetics, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China (Y.Y., T.Z.); and Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China (J.W., Y. Zou).
Da
D
Wo
From Clinical and Translational Research Center Shanghai East Hospital, Key Laboratory of Arrhythmias, Ministry of Education, Tongji University School of Medicine, China (D.W., Jinhui Peng, D.-n.R., J.C., Y. Zhu, Y.Y., H.Y., E.M., Y.C., Zhongmin Liu, S.L., L.A., W.Z.); Department of Orthopedics, Changzheng Hospital, Shanghai, China (Jinhui Peng, Q.Q.); Academy of Integrative Medicine, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, Fujian, China (L.Q., Jun Peng); Shanghai Key Laboratory of Signaling and Disease Research, The School of Life Sciences and Technology, Tongji University, China (Zhenping Liu, C.J.); State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, Department of Genetics, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China (Y.Y., T.Z.); and Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China (J.W., Y. Zou).
Jinhui
J
Peng
From Clinical and Translational Research Center Shanghai East Hospital, Key Laboratory of Arrhythmias, Ministry of Education, Tongji University School of Medicine, China (D.W., Jinhui Peng, D.-n.R., J.C., Y. Zhu, Y.Y., H.Y., E.M., Y.C., Zhongmin Liu, S.L., L.A., W.Z.); Department of Orthopedics, Changzheng Hospital, Shanghai, China (Jinhui Peng, Q.Q.); Academy of Integrative Medicine, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, Fujian, China (L.Q., Jun Peng); Shanghai Key Laboratory of Signaling and Disease Research, The School of Life Sciences and Technology, Tongji University, China (Zhenping Liu, C.J.); State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, Department of Genetics, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China (Y.Y., T.Z.); and Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China (J.W., Y. Zou).
Dan-Ni
DN
Ren
From Clinical and Translational Research Center Shanghai East Hospital, Key Laboratory of Arrhythmias, Ministry of Education, Tongji University School of Medicine, China (D.W., Jinhui Peng, D.-n.R., J.C., Y. Zhu, Y.Y., H.Y., E.M., Y.C., Zhongmin Liu, S.L., L.A., W.Z.); Department of Orthopedics, Changzheng Hospital, Shanghai, China (Jinhui Peng, Q.Q.); Academy of Integrative Medicine, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, Fujian, China (L.Q., Jun Peng); Shanghai Key Laboratory of Signaling and Disease Research, The School of Life Sciences and Technology, Tongji University, China (Zhenping Liu, C.J.); State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, Department of Genetics, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China (Y.Y., T.Z.); and Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China (J.W., Y. Zou).
Liman
L
Qiu
From Clinical and Translational Research Center Shanghai East Hospital, Key Laboratory of Arrhythmias, Ministry of Education, Tongji University School of Medicine, China (D.W., Jinhui Peng, D.-n.R., J.C., Y. Zhu, Y.Y., H.Y., E.M., Y.C., Zhongmin Liu, S.L., L.A., W.Z.); Department of Orthopedics, Changzheng Hospital, Shanghai, China (Jinhui Peng, Q.Q.); Academy of Integrative Medicine, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, Fujian, China (L.Q., Jun Peng); Shanghai Key Laboratory of Signaling and Disease Research, The School of Life Sciences and Technology, Tongji University, China (Zhenping Liu, C.J.); State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, Department of Genetics, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China (Y.Y., T.Z.); and Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China (J.W., Y. Zou).
Jinxiao
J
Chen
From Clinical and Translational Research Center Shanghai East Hospital, Key Laboratory of Arrhythmias, Ministry of Education, Tongji University School of Medicine, China (D.W., Jinhui Peng, D.-n.R., J.C., Y. Zhu, Y.Y., H.Y., E.M., Y.C., Zhongmin Liu, S.L., L.A., W.Z.); Department of Orthopedics, Changzheng Hospital, Shanghai, China (Jinhui Peng, Q.Q.); Academy of Integrative Medicine, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, Fujian, China (L.Q., Jun Peng); Shanghai Key Laboratory of Signaling and Disease Research, The School of Life Sciences and Technology, Tongji University, China (Zhenping Liu, C.J.); State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, Department of Genetics, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China (Y.Y., T.Z.); and Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China (J.W., Y. Zou).
Ye
Y
Zhu
From Clinical and Translational Research Center Shanghai East Hospital, Key Laboratory of Arrhythmias, Ministry of Education, Tongji University School of Medicine, China (D.W., Jinhui Peng, D.-n.R., J.C., Y. Zhu, Y.Y., H.Y., E.M., Y.C., Zhongmin Liu, S.L., L.A., W.Z.); Department of Orthopedics, Changzheng Hospital, Shanghai, China (Jinhui Peng, Q.Q.); Academy of Integrative Medicine, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, Fujian, China (L.Q., Jun Peng); Shanghai Key Laboratory of Signaling and Disease Research, The School of Life Sciences and Technology, Tongji University, China (Zhenping Liu, C.J.); State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, Department of Genetics, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China (Y.Y., T.Z.); and Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China (J.W., Y. Zou).
Yingjing
Y
Yan
From Clinical and Translational Research Center Shanghai East Hospital, Key Laboratory of Arrhythmias, Ministry of Education, Tongji University School of Medicine, China (D.W., Jinhui Peng, D.-n.R., J.C., Y. Zhu, Y.Y., H.Y., E.M., Y.C., Zhongmin Liu, S.L., L.A., W.Z.); Department of Orthopedics, Changzheng Hospital, Shanghai, China (Jinhui Peng, Q.Q.); Academy of Integrative Medicine, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, Fujian, China (L.Q., Jun Peng); Shanghai Key Laboratory of Signaling and Disease Research, The School of Life Sciences and Technology, Tongji University, China (Zhenping Liu, C.J.); State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, Department of Genetics, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China (Y.Y., T.Z.); and Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China (J.W., Y. Zou).
Hongwei
H
Yan
From Clinical and Translational Research Center Shanghai East Hospital, Key Laboratory of Arrhythmias, Ministry of Education, Tongji University School of Medicine, China (D.W., Jinhui Peng, D.-n.R., J.C., Y. Zhu, Y.Y., H.Y., E.M., Y.C., Zhongmin Liu, S.L., L.A., W.Z.); Department of Orthopedics, Changzheng Hospital, Shanghai, China (Jinhui Peng, Q.Q.); Academy of Integrative Medicine, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, Fujian, China (L.Q., Jun Peng); Shanghai Key Laboratory of Signaling and Disease Research, The School of Life Sciences and Technology, Tongji University, China (Zhenping Liu, C.J.); State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, Department of Genetics, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China (Y.Y., T.Z.); and Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China (J.W., Y. Zou).
Jian
J
Wu
From Clinical and Translational Research Center Shanghai East Hospital, Key Laboratory of Arrhythmias, Ministry of Education, Tongji University School of Medicine, China (D.W., Jinhui Peng, D.-n.R., J.C., Y. Zhu, Y.Y., H.Y., E.M., Y.C., Zhongmin Liu, S.L., L.A., W.Z.); Department of Orthopedics, Changzheng Hospital, Shanghai, China (Jinhui Peng, Q.Q.); Academy of Integrative Medicine, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, Fujian, China (L.Q., Jun Peng); Shanghai Key Laboratory of Signaling and Disease Research, The School of Life Sciences and Technology, Tongji University, China (Zhenping Liu, C.J.); State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, Department of Genetics, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China (Y.Y., T.Z.); and Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China (J.W., Y. Zou).
En
E
Ma
From Clinical and Translational Research Center Shanghai East Hospital, Key Laboratory of Arrhythmias, Ministry of Education, Tongji University School of Medicine, China (D.W., Jinhui Peng, D.-n.R., J.C., Y. Zhu, Y.Y., H.Y., E.M., Y.C., Zhongmin Liu, S.L., L.A., W.Z.); Department of Orthopedics, Changzheng Hospital, Shanghai, China (Jinhui Peng, Q.Q.); Academy of Integrative Medicine, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, Fujian, China (L.Q., Jun Peng); Shanghai Key Laboratory of Signaling and Disease Research, The School of Life Sciences and Technology, Tongji University, China (Zhenping Liu, C.J.); State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, Department of Genetics, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China (Y.Y., T.Z.); and Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China (J.W., Y. Zou).
Tao P
TP
Zhong
From Clinical and Translational Research Center Shanghai East Hospital, Key Laboratory of Arrhythmias, Ministry of Education, Tongji University School of Medicine, China (D.W., Jinhui Peng, D.-n.R., J.C., Y. Zhu, Y.Y., H.Y., E.M., Y.C., Zhongmin Liu, S.L., L.A., W.Z.); Department of Orthopedics, Changzheng Hospital, Shanghai, China (Jinhui Peng, Q.Q.); Academy of Integrative Medicine, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, Fujian, China (L.Q., Jun Peng); Shanghai Key Laboratory of Signaling and Disease Research, The School of Life Sciences and Technology, Tongji University, China (Zhenping Liu, C.J.); State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, Department of Genetics, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China (Y.Y., T.Z.); and Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China (J.W., Y. Zou).
Yihan
Y
Chen
From Clinical and Translational Research Center Shanghai East Hospital, Key Laboratory of Arrhythmias, Ministry of Education, Tongji University School of Medicine, China (D.W., Jinhui Peng, D.-n.R., J.C., Y. Zhu, Y.Y., H.Y., E.M., Y.C., Zhongmin Liu, S.L., L.A., W.Z.); Department of Orthopedics, Changzheng Hospital, Shanghai, China (Jinhui Peng, Q.Q.); Academy of Integrative Medicine, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, Fujian, China (L.Q., Jun Peng); Shanghai Key Laboratory of Signaling and Disease Research, The School of Life Sciences and Technology, Tongji University, China (Zhenping Liu, C.J.); State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, Department of Genetics, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China (Y.Y., T.Z.); and Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China (J.W., Y. Zou).
Zhongmin
Z
Liu
From Clinical and Translational Research Center Shanghai East Hospital, Key Laboratory of Arrhythmias, Ministry of Education, Tongji University School of Medicine, China (D.W., Jinhui Peng, D.-n.R., J.C., Y. Zhu, Y.Y., H.Y., E.M., Y.C., Zhongmin Liu, S.L., L.A., W.Z.); Department of Orthopedics, Changzheng Hospital, Shanghai, China (Jinhui Peng, Q.Q.); Academy of Integrative Medicine, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, Fujian, China (L.Q., Jun Peng); Shanghai Key Laboratory of Signaling and Disease Research, The School of Life Sciences and Technology, Tongji University, China (Zhenping Liu, C.J.); State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, Department of Genetics, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China (Y.Y., T.Z.); and Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China (J.W., Y. Zou).
Shangfeng
S
Liu
From Clinical and Translational Research Center Shanghai East Hospital, Key Laboratory of Arrhythmias, Ministry of Education, Tongji University School of Medicine, China (D.W., Jinhui Peng, D.-n.R., J.C., Y. Zhu, Y.Y., H.Y., E.M., Y.C., Zhongmin Liu, S.L., L.A., W.Z.); Department of Orthopedics, Changzheng Hospital, Shanghai, China (Jinhui Peng, Q.Q.); Academy of Integrative Medicine, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, Fujian, China (L.Q., Jun Peng); Shanghai Key Laboratory of Signaling and Disease Research, The School of Life Sciences and Technology, Tongji University, China (Zhenping Liu, C.J.); State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, Department of Genetics, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China (Y.Y., T.Z.); and Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China (J.W., Y. Zou).
Luoquan
L
Ao
From Clinical and Translational Research Center Shanghai East Hospital, Key Laboratory of Arrhythmias, Ministry of Education, Tongji University School of Medicine, China (D.W., Jinhui Peng, D.-n.R., J.C., Y. Zhu, Y.Y., H.Y., E.M., Y.C., Zhongmin Liu, S.L., L.A., W.Z.); Department of Orthopedics, Changzheng Hospital, Shanghai, China (Jinhui Peng, Q.Q.); Academy of Integrative Medicine, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, Fujian, China (L.Q., Jun Peng); Shanghai Key Laboratory of Signaling and Disease Research, The School of Life Sciences and Technology, Tongji University, China (Zhenping Liu, C.J.); State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, Department of Genetics, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China (Y.Y., T.Z.); and Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China (J.W., Y. Zou).
Zhenping
Z
Liu
From Clinical and Translational Research Center Shanghai East Hospital, Key Laboratory of Arrhythmias, Ministry of Education, Tongji University School of Medicine, China (D.W., Jinhui Peng, D.-n.R., J.C., Y. Zhu, Y.Y., H.Y., E.M., Y.C., Zhongmin Liu, S.L., L.A., W.Z.); Department of Orthopedics, Changzheng Hospital, Shanghai, China (Jinhui Peng, Q.Q.); Academy of Integrative Medicine, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, Fujian, China (L.Q., Jun Peng); Shanghai Key Laboratory of Signaling and Disease Research, The School of Life Sciences and Technology, Tongji University, China (Zhenping Liu, C.J.); State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, Department of Genetics, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China (Y.Y., T.Z.); and Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China (J.W., Y. Zou).
Cizhong
C
Jiang
From Clinical and Translational Research Center Shanghai East Hospital, Key Laboratory of Arrhythmias, Ministry of Education, Tongji University School of Medicine, China (D.W., Jinhui Peng, D.-n.R., J.C., Y. Zhu, Y.Y., H.Y., E.M., Y.C., Zhongmin Liu, S.L., L.A., W.Z.); Department of Orthopedics, Changzheng Hospital, Shanghai, China (Jinhui Peng, Q.Q.); Academy of Integrative Medicine, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, Fujian, China (L.Q., Jun Peng); Shanghai Key Laboratory of Signaling and Disease Research, The School of Life Sciences and Technology, Tongji University, China (Zhenping Liu, C.J.); State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, Department of Genetics, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China (Y.Y., T.Z.); and Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China (J.W., Y. Zou).
Jun
J
Peng
From Clinical and Translational Research Center Shanghai East Hospital, Key Laboratory of Arrhythmias, Ministry of Education, Tongji University School of Medicine, China (D.W., Jinhui Peng, D.-n.R., J.C., Y. Zhu, Y.Y., H.Y., E.M., Y.C., Zhongmin Liu, S.L., L.A., W.Z.); Department of Orthopedics, Changzheng Hospital, Shanghai, China (Jinhui Peng, Q.Q.); Academy of Integrative Medicine, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, Fujian, China (L.Q., Jun Peng); Shanghai Key Laboratory of Signaling and Disease Research, The School of Life Sciences and Technology, Tongji University, China (Zhenping Liu, C.J.); State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, Department of Genetics, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China (Y.Y., T.Z.); and Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China (J.W., Y. Zou).
Yunzeng
Y
Zou
From Clinical and Translational Research Center Shanghai East Hospital, Key Laboratory of Arrhythmias, Ministry of Education, Tongji University School of Medicine, China (D.W., Jinhui Peng, D.-n.R., J.C., Y. Zhu, Y.Y., H.Y., E.M., Y.C., Zhongmin Liu, S.L., L.A., W.Z.); Department of Orthopedics, Changzheng Hospital, Shanghai, China (Jinhui Peng, Q.Q.); Academy of Integrative Medicine, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, Fujian, China (L.Q., Jun Peng); Shanghai Key Laboratory of Signaling and Disease Research, The School of Life Sciences and Technology, Tongji University, China (Zhenping Liu, C.J.); State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, Department of Genetics, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China (Y.Y., T.Z.); and Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China (J.W., Y. Zou).
Qirong
Q
Qian
From Clinical and Translational Research Center Shanghai East Hospital, Key Laboratory of Arrhythmias, Ministry of Education, Tongji University School of Medicine, China (D.W., Jinhui Peng, D.-n.R., J.C., Y. Zhu, Y.Y., H.Y., E.M., Y.C., Zhongmin Liu, S.L., L.A., W.Z.); Department of Orthopedics, Changzheng Hospital, Shanghai, China (Jinhui Peng, Q.Q.); Academy of Integrative Medicine, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, Fujian, China (L.Q., Jun Peng); Shanghai Key Laboratory of Signaling and Disease Research, The School of Life Sciences and Technology, Tongji University, China (Zhenping Liu, C.J.); State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, Department of Genetics, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China (Y.Y., T.Z.); and Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China (J.W., Y. Zou). wzhu@tongji.edu.cn zou.yunzeng@zs-hospital.sh.cn qianqr@163.com.
Weidong
W
Zhu
D000818:Animals; D004249:DNA Damage / Q000187:drug effects; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D015536:Down-Regulation / Q000187:drug effects; D006657:Histones / Q000378:metabolism; D006861:Hydrogen Peroxide / Q000633:toxicity; D018974:Insulin-Like Growth Factor Binding Protein 4 / Q000235:genetics / Q000494:pharmacology* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D036341:Intercellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000494:pharmacology* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D060492:Low Density Lipoprotein Receptor-Related Protein-5 / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D060488:Low Density Lipoprotein Receptor-Related Protein-6 / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D008810:Mice, Inbred C57BL; D018345:Mice, Knockout; D017202:Myocardial Ischemia / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology* / Q000517:prevention & control; D032383:Myocytes, Cardiac / Q000166:cytology / Q000378:metabolism; D034622:RNA Interference; D034741:RNA, Small Interfering / Q000378:metabolism; D011994:Recombinant Proteins / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use; D051153:Wnt Proteins / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000378:metabolism; D060449:Wnt Signaling Pathway / Q000187:drug effects*; D051176:beta Catenin / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*
D006657:Histones; D006861:Hydrogen Peroxide; D018974:Insulin-Like Growth Factor Binding Protein 4; D036341:Intercellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins; D060492:Low Density Lipoprotein Receptor-Related Protein-5; D060488:Low Density Lipoprotein Receptor-Related Protein-6; D034741:RNA, Small Interfering; D011994:Recombinant Proteins; D051153:Wnt Proteins; D051176:beta Catenin; C501127:Dkk1 protein, mouse; C475961:gamma-H2AX protein, mouse
Dkk1 protein, mouse; beta-catenin; insulin-like growth factor binding protein 4; ischemia; low-density lipoprotein receptor-related proteins 5 and 6; myocardial infarction