Larvicidal activity of essential oil of Peumus boldus Molina and its ascaridole-enriched fraction against Culex quinquefasciatus.
Culex quinquefasciatus (Say, 1823), known as the domestic mosquito, is a common and abundant species throughout the world, and a cosmopolitan species. The adults of this mosquito are important in terms of public and animal health since they display adaptability to different hosts. In humans, they are responsible for the transmission of various diseases. One manner of control of this vector is the use of insecticidal or larvicidal products, which may have the drawback of toxicity to mammals and can be harmful to the environment. The present work evaluated the larvicidal potential of the essential oil (EO) and ascaridole-enriched fraction (EF4-5) obtained from the leaves of Peumus boldus Molina (boldo). The EO, obtained by steam distillation, was analyzed by GC/MS and fractionated on silica gel. EO and EF4-5, containing 31.4% and 89.5% ascaridole, respectively, were evaluated against C. quinquefasciatus at concentrations of 100, 50 and 25 μg/ml on the third and fourth instars. They showed lethal concentrations (LC50) of 82.14 and 41.85 μg/ml, respectively. Larvae treated with the EF4-5 showed morphological changes in the midgut, with cells possessing a cytoplasm that contained small vacuole-like structures, as well as a nucleus with decondensed chromatin and a cell apex with a short brush border. The cells of the fat body showed larger protein granules, which were acidophilic relative to the larvae of the control group. Moreover, the enriched fraction at a dose of 50 μg/ml showed a residual larvicidal effect according to exposure time on C. quinquefasciatus. This residual effect deserves consideration, since a long-term larvicidal product may be a useful tool for vector control.
Campus Centro-Oeste Dona Lindu, Universidade Federal de São João Del Rei, Divinópolis, MG, Brazil.
Débora Silva Borges
DS
de Castro
Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil.
Denise Brentan
DB
da Silva
Departamento de Medicina, Universidade Federal de São João Del Rei, São João Del Rei, MG, Brazil.
Jacqueline Domingues
JD
Tibúrcio
Departamento de Ciências Naturais, Universidade Federal de São João Del Rei, São João Del Rei, MG, Brazil.
Marcos Eduardo Guerra
ME
Sobral
Instituto de Ciências Exatas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil.
Vany
V
Ferraz
Campus Centro-Oeste Dona Lindu, Universidade Federal de São João Del Rei, Divinópolis, MG, Brazil.
Alex Gutterres
AG
Taranto
Departamento de Biologia Animal, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, MG, Brazil.
José Eduardo
JE
Serrão
Campus Centro-Oeste Dona Lindu, Universidade Federal de São João Del Rei, Divinópolis, MG, Brazil. Electronic address: jmaximo.siqueira@gmail.com.
João Máximo
JM
de Siqueira
Campus Centro-Oeste Dona Lindu, Universidade Federal de São João Del Rei, Divinópolis, MG, Brazil.
Stênio Nunes
SN
Alves
D000818:Animals; D003465:Culex / Q000187:drug effects*; D000081005:Cyclohexane Monoterpenes; D008401:Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry; D007814:Larva / Q000187:drug effects; D007928:Lethal Dose 50; D009682:Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; D039821:Monoterpenes / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000494:pharmacology; D009822:Oils, Volatile / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology*; D010545:Peroxides / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000494:pharmacology; D031611:Peumus / Q000737:chemistry*; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000494:pharmacology; D018515:Plant Leaves / Q000737:chemistry
D000081005:Cyclohexane Monoterpenes; D039821:Monoterpenes; D009822:Oils, Volatile; D010545:Peroxides; D010936:Plant Extracts; C043372:ascaridole
Ascaridole; Culex quinquefasciatus; Essential oil; Larvicidal; Peumus boldus