Folic acid delivery by serum proteins: loading efficacy and protein morphology.
The loading efficacy of folic acid with serum proteins human serum albumin (HSA), bovine serum albumin (BSA), and beta-lactoglobulin (β-LG) was analyzed and the effect of acid conjugation on protein morphology was determined. Structural analysis showed that folic acid binds HSA, BSA, and β-LG via hydrophilic, hydrophobic, and H-bonding contacts with BSA forming more stable conjugates than HSA and β-LG. Molecular modeling showed the presence of several H-bonding systems, stabilizing acid-protein conjugates. Folic acid conjugation alters protein conformation by major alterations of α-helix and β-sheet. TEM images showed major protein morphological changes inducing protein aggregation upon acid interaction. The results show that serum proteins can deliver folic acid to target molecules.
a Département of Chemistry-Biochemistry and Physics , Université du Québec à Trois-Rivières , C. P. 500, Trois-Rivières G9A 5H7 , Québec , Canada.
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Bourassa
a Département of Chemistry-Biochemistry and Physics , Université du Québec à Trois-Rivières , C. P. 500, Trois-Rivières G9A 5H7 , Québec , Canada.
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Chanphai
a Département of Chemistry-Biochemistry and Physics , Université du Québec à Trois-Rivières , C. P. 500, Trois-Rivières G9A 5H7 , Québec , Canada.
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Tajmir-Riahi
D000818:Animals; D001665:Binding Sites; D002417:Cattle; D005492:Folic Acid / Q000737:chemistry*; D006801:Humans; D006860:Hydrogen Bonding; D057927:Hydrophobic and Hydrophilic Interactions; D007700:Kinetics; D007782:Lactoglobulins / Q000737:chemistry*; D062105:Molecular Docking Simulation; D066329:Protein Aggregates; D011485:Protein Binding; D000072756:Protein Conformation, alpha-Helical; D000072757:Protein Conformation, beta-Strand; D054730:Protein Interaction Domains and Motifs; D012710:Serum Albumin, Bovine / Q000737:chemistry*; D000075462:Serum Albumin, Human / Q000737:chemistry*; D013816:Thermodynamics
D007782:Lactoglobulins; D066329:Protein Aggregates; D012710:Serum Albumin, Bovine; D005492:Folic Acid; D000075462:Serum Albumin, Human
BSA; HSA; TEM; delivery; folic acid; modeling; morphology; β-LG