Bone regeneration induced by a 3D architectured hydrogel in a rat critical-size calvarial defect.
Bone regeneration can be stimulated by implantation of biomaterials, which is especially important for larger bone defects. Here, healing potency of the porous ArcGel was evaluated in a critical-size calvarial bone defect in rats in comparison with clinical standard autologous bone and Bio-Oss®Collagen (BioOss), a bone graft material frequently used in clinics. Bone healing and metabolic processes involved were monitored longitudinally by [18F]-fluoride and [18F]-FDG μ-PET/CT 1d, 3d, 3w, 6w, and 12w post implantation. Differences in quality of bone healing were assessed by ex vivo μ-CT, mechanical tests and histomorphometry. The amount of bone formed after implantation of ArcGel was comparable to autologous bone and superior to BioOss (histomorphometry). Furthermore, microarchitecture of newly formed bone was more physiological and better functional in case of ArcGel (push-out tests). [18F]-FDG uptake increased until 3d after implantation, and decreased until 12w for both ArcGel and BioOss. [18F]-fluoride uptake increased until 3w post implantation for all materials, but persisted significantly longer at higher levels for BioOss, which indicates a prolonged remodelling phase. The study demonstrates the potential of ArcGel to induce restitutio ad integrum comparable with clinical standard autologous bone and better bone regeneration in large defects compared to a commercial state-of-the-art biomaterial.
Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine (INM-4), Forschungszentrum Jülich, Wilhelm-Johnen-Str., Jülich, 52428, Germany. Electronic address: p.lohmann@fz-juelich.de.
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Lohmann
Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine (INM-4), Forschungszentrum Jülich, Wilhelm-Johnen-Str., Jülich, 52428, Germany.
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Willuweit
Institute of Biomaterial Science and Berlin-Brandenburg Center for Regenerative Therapies, Helmholtz-Zentrum Geesthacht, Kantstr. 55, Teltow, 14513, Germany.
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Neffe
Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine (INM-4), Forschungszentrum Jülich, Wilhelm-Johnen-Str., Jülich, 52428, Germany.
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Geisler
Institute of Biomaterial Science and Berlin-Brandenburg Center for Regenerative Therapies, Helmholtz-Zentrum Geesthacht, Kantstr. 55, Teltow, 14513, Germany.
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Gebauer
Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine (INM-2), Forschungszentrum Jülich, Wilhelm-Johnen-Str., Jülich, 52428, Germany.
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Beer
Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine (INM-5), Forschungszentrum Jülich, Wilhelm-Johnen-Str., Jülich, 52428, Germany.
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Coenen
Department of Dental Materials and Biomaterials Research, RWTH Aachen University Hospital, Pauwelsstr. 30, Aachen, 52074, Germany.
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Fischer
Department of Pathology, RWTH Aachen University Hospital, Pauwelsstr. 30, Aachen, 52074, Germany.
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Hermanns-Sachweh
Institute of Biomaterial Science and Berlin-Brandenburg Center for Regenerative Therapies, Helmholtz-Zentrum Geesthacht, Kantstr. 55, Teltow, 14513, Germany.
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Lendlein
Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine (INM-4), Forschungszentrum Jülich, Wilhelm-Johnen-Str., Jülich, 52428, Germany; Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine (INM-11), Forschungszentrum Jülich, Wilhelm-Johnen-Str., Jülich, 52428, Germany; Department of Electrical and Computer Systems Engineering and Monash Biomedical Imaging, School of Psychological Sciences, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.
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Shah
Institute for Experimental Molecular Imaging, University Clinic and Helmholtz Institute for Biomedical Engineering, RWTH Aachen University, Pauwelsstr. 30, Aachen, 52074, Germany.
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Kiessling
Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine (INM-4), Forschungszentrum Jülich, Wilhelm-Johnen-Str., Jülich, 52428, Germany; Department of Nuclear Medicine, RWTH Aachen University Hospital, Pauwelsstr. 30, Aachen, 52074, Germany.
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Langen
D000818:Animals; D001861:Bone Regeneration; D018786:Bone Substitutes / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism*; D016025:Bone Transplantation; D020136:Hydrogel, Polyethylene Glycol Dimethacrylate / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism*; D008297:Male; D008903:Minerals / Q000378:metabolism; D016062:Porosity; D000072078:Positron Emission Tomography Computed Tomography; D051381:Rats; D011916:Rats, Inbred F344; D012886:Skull / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000293:injuries* / Q000502:physiology*; D014945:Wound Healing
C077540:Bio-Oss; D018786:Bone Substitutes; D008903:Minerals; D020136:Hydrogel, Polyethylene Glycol Dimethacrylate
Critical-size calvarial defect; Material-induced bone regeneration; Micro-computed tomography (μ-CT); Positron-emission-tomography (PET); Push-out test; Regenerative medicine