Fermented rice bran supplementation mitigates metabolic syndrome in stroke-prone spontaneously hypertensive rats.
BACKGROUND
Previous study shown that enzyme treated-rice bran effectively improved hypertension and glucose intolerance in stroke-prone spontaneously hypertensive rat (SHRSP). However, dual fermentation of rice bran's efficacy against metabolic syndrome in SHRSP is still unknown.


METHODS
Fermented rice bran (FRB) was prepared by dual fermentation of rice bran using fungi and lactic acid bacteria. The effect of FRB on metabolic syndrome in stroke-prone spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHRSP) was investigated by single and chronic supplementation.


RESULTS
Dual fermentation of rice bran enriches the functional value of rice bran. Single-dose oral administration of FRB (2 g/kg body weight) reduced systolic blood pressure; however, chronic supplementation with 5 % FRB (4 weeks) significantly reduced both systolic and diastolic blood pressure. FRB supplementation improved leptin impairment and increased serum adiponectin levels and angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitory activity. Furthermore, FRB supplementation improved glucose tolerance and insulin sensitivity as well as serum insulin levels. Lipid profiles were also improved by the regulation of 5' adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase activation. Moreover, supplementation with FRB reduced the expressions of hepatic transcription factors such as liver X receptor alpha, sterol regulatory element-binding protein 1c, and carbohydrate-responsive element-binding protein alpha, as well as their target genes. In conclusion, dietary supplementation with FRB may lower hypertension and alleviate metabolic syndrome.


CONCLUSIONS
Metabolic syndrome was better alleviated with FRB supplementation. We therefore suggest FRB as an alternative medicine to reduce the risks of lifestyle-related diseases.
Laboratory of Nutrition, Department of Science of Food Function and Health, Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Tohoku University, 1-1 Tsutsumidori-Amamiyamachi, Aoba-ku, Sendai, 981-8555, Japan.
Md
M
Alauddin
Laboratory of Nutrition, Department of Science of Food Function and Health, Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Tohoku University, 1-1 Tsutsumidori-Amamiyamachi, Aoba-ku, Sendai, 981-8555, Japan. shirakah@m.tohoku.ac.jp.
Hitoshi
H
Shirakawa
Faculty of Agriculture, Yamagata University, Tsuruoka, Japan.
Takuya
T
Koseki
Yamagata General Agricultural Research Center, Yamagata, Japan.
Naoko
N
Kijima
Department of Food Science & Technology, Universitas Bakrie, Jakarta, Indonesia.
Ardiansyah
Faculty of Food Technology, Bogor Agricultural University, Bogor, Indonesia.
Slamet
S
Budijanto
Laboratory of Nutrition, Department of Science of Food Function and Health, Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Tohoku University, 1-1 Tsutsumidori-Amamiyamachi, Aoba-ku, Sendai, 981-8555, Japan.
Jahidul
J
Islam
Laboratory of Nutrition, Department of Science of Food Function and Health, Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Tohoku University, 1-1 Tsutsumidori-Amamiyamachi, Aoba-ku, Sendai, 981-8555, Japan.
Tomoko
T
Goto
Laboratory of Nutrition, Department of Science of Food Function and Health, Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Tohoku University, 1-1 Tsutsumidori-Amamiyamachi, Aoba-ku, Sendai, 981-8555, Japan.
Michio
M
Komai
D000818:Animals; D001230:Aspergillus / Q000378:metabolism; D001786:Blood Glucose / Q000378:metabolism; D005285:Fermentation; D006801:Humans; D007333:Insulin Resistance; D007778:Lactobacillus / Q000378:metabolism; D008297:Male; D024821:Metabolic Syndrome / Q000178:diet therapy* / Q000209:etiology / Q000378:metabolism; D012275:Oryza / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000382:microbiology; D051381:Rats; D011918:Rats, Inbred SHR; D020521:Stroke / Q000150:complications*
D001786:Blood Glucose
Adiponectin; Angiotensin-converting enzyme; Fermented rice bran; Glucose tolerance; Metabolic syndrome; Stroke-prone spontaneously hypertensive rat