Nutritional compensation to exercise- vs. diet-induced acute energy deficit in adolescents with obesity.
BACKGROUND
To compare the energy and macronutrient intake responses to equivalent energy deficits induced by diet (food restriction) and exercise in adolescents with obesity.


METHODS
Fourteen 12-15years old obese adolescents completed three experimental conditions (08:00am to 07:30pm) in a randomized crossover design: i) control session (CON); ii) diet-induced 25% energy depletion (Def-EI), iii) and an exercise-induced 25% energy depletion (Def-EX). The sessions order was either CON/Def-EI/Def-EX or CON/Def-EX/Def-EI as the deficit corresponded to 25% of the energy ingested at lunch on the control day (CON) and was imposed either by exercise (Def-EX) or diet (Def-EI). Ad libitum EI and macronutrients preferences were assessed at dinner and appetite sensations assessed using visual analogue scales.


RESULTS
Mean BMI was 36.6±5.0kg/m2(z-BMI: 2.40±0.29). The individually calibrated 25% energy deficit represented 254±92kcal. Ad libitum EI was significantly higher during both Def-EX (971±225kcal) and Def-EI (949±246kcal) compared with CON (742±297) (p<0.05). The relative energy ingested derived from fat was significantly higher on both Def-EX (36.6±10.9%) and Def-EI (36.9±13.1%) compared with CON (21.6±7.8%) (p<0.05). The energy derived from carbohydrates was significantly lower on both Def-EX (48.3±9.0%) and Def-EI (44.4±17.3%) compare with CON (61.1±10.1%) (p<0.05). Appetite sensations were not different between conditions. The induced energy deficit was negatively correlated with the ad libitum EI difference between the exercise and the control session (EI Def-EX - EI CON) (r=-0,643 p<0.05) and positively correlated with the EI difference between the dietary restriction and the control session (EI Def-EI - EI CON) (r=0,569 p<0.05).


CONCLUSIONS
Equicaloric exercise- or diet-induced energy deficits could lead to similar EI compensation in obese adolescents but this EI compensation might be influenced by the magnitude of the deficit.
Clermont Auvergne University, EA 3533, Laboratory of the Metabolic Adaptations to Exercise under Physiological and Pathological Conditions (AME2P), Clermont-Ferrand, France; CRNH-Auvergne, Clermont-Ferrand, France. Electronic address: David.Thivel@univ-bpclermont.fr.
David
D
Thivel
School of Human Kinetics, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Canada.
Eric
E
Doucet
CRNH-Auvergne, Clermont-Ferrand, France; Department of Sport Medicine and Functional Explorations, Clermont-Ferrand University Hospital, G. Montpied Hospital, Clermont-Ferrand, France; INRA, UMR 1019, Clermont-Ferrand, France; University Clermont 1, UFR Medicine, Clermont-Ferrand, France.
Valérie
V
Julian
Romagnat Pediatric Medical Center, Childhood Obesity Department, Romagnat, France.
Charlotte
C
Cardenoux
CRNH-Auvergne, Clermont-Ferrand, France; INRA, UMR 1019, Clermont-Ferrand, France; Department of Human Nutrition, Clermont-Ferrand University Hospital, G. Montpied Hospital, Clermont-Ferrand, France; University Clermont 1, UFR Medicine, Clermont-Ferrand, France.
Yves
Y
Boirie
CRNH-Auvergne, Clermont-Ferrand, France; Department of Sport Medicine and Functional Explorations, Clermont-Ferrand University Hospital, G. Montpied Hospital, Clermont-Ferrand, France; INRA, UMR 1019, Clermont-Ferrand, France; University Clermont 1, UFR Medicine, Clermont-Ferrand, France.
Martine
M
Duclos
D000293:Adolescent; D000886:Anthropometry; D019540:Area Under Curve; D001823:Body Composition; D002648:Child; D004032:Diet / Q000009:adverse effects*; D002149:Energy Intake / Q000502:physiology*; D004734:Energy Metabolism / Q000502:physiology; D015444:Exercise / Q000502:physiology*; D005260:Female; D005502:Food; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D009765:Obesity / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000503:physiopathology*; D064133:Sports Nutritional Physiological Phenomena; D064232:Visual Analog Scale
Energy deficit; Energy intake; Exercise; Pediatric obesity