Prevalence and treatment of necrotizing ulcerative gingivitis (NUG) in the British Armed Forces: a case-control study.
OBJECTIVE
Necrotizing ulcerative gingivitis (NUG) has been seen in military populations throughout history. This study aims to determine the prevalence, treatment modality and risk factors associated with NUG in the British Armed Forces.


METHODS
A whole population dataset of the British Armed Forces was searched to determine cases of NUG during the period 1 January to 31 December 2012. Individual case records were identified, and a case-control study undertaken with data gathered and analysed against a randomised control group, matched for age, sex and service.


RESULTS
A prevalence rate for NUG of 0.11 % was determined against the whole military population. The majority of cases received (alone or in combination) the following: oral hygiene instruction (66.5 %), antibiotics (64.4 %) and a mouthwash (58.1 %). Of the cases, 48.7 % received debridement. Analgesics were only prescribed in 8.4 % of the cases, and smoking cessation advice was only given in 10.7 % of the cases. Analysis of risk factors against the control group showed an increase in odds ratios for diagnosis of NUG of 3.4 (95 % CI 2.0-5.7) for current smokers and 7.3 (95 % CI 1.9-28.0) for individuals with an overall Basic Periodontal Examination (BPE) score of 3.


CONCLUSIONS
Whilst NUG is a rare disease, it is evident from this study that it still occurs within the British Armed Forces. A strong association was shown between NUG and current smokers and those cases with an overall BPE score of 3.


CONCLUSIONS
This study provides prevalence data for NUG in the British Armed Forces and description of its treatment and associated risk factors. Oral hygiene and smoking must be addressed in patients with NUG and prescribing protocols should be carefully followed.
Defence Medical Services, Ministry of Defence, London, UK.
J
J
Dufty
Centre for Oral Clinical Research, Institute of Dentistry, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK.
N
N
Gkranias
Biostatistics Unit, UCL Eastman Dental Institute, London, UK.
A
A
Petrie
Defence Medical Services, Ministry of Defence, London, UK.
R
R
McCormick
Defence Medical Services, Ministry of Defence, London, UK.
T
T
Elmer
Centre for Oral Clinical Research, Institute of Dentistry, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK. n.donos@qmul.ac.uk.
N
N
Donos
D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D005260:Female; D005892:Gingivitis, Necrotizing Ulcerative / Q000453:epidemiology*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D008889:Military Personnel; D015995:Prevalence; D012307:Risk Factors; D006113:United Kingdom / Q000453:epidemiology
Armed forces; Military; NUG; Necrotizing ulcerative gingivitis