Prevalence of lifetime depression in a large hemiplegic migraine cohort.
OBJECTIVE
To determine the prevalence of depression and determinants associated with depression in a large population of hemiplegic migraine (HM) patients.


METHODS
We conducted a cross-sectional, validated questionnaire study among 89 well-defined HM patients and 235 headache-free controls. The prevalence of lifetime depression and its relation to migraine characteristics was assessed.


RESULTS
HM patients had increased odds for lifetime depression (odds ratio 3.73, 95% confidence interval 2.18-6.38) compared with controls. Use of acute antimigraine medication was associated with lifetime depression.


CONCLUSIONS
Depression is part of the monogenic hemiplegic migraine phenotype. Further studies are needed to elucidate the pathophysiologic role of HM genes in comorbid depression. For now, clinicians should take comorbid depression into consideration when starting prophylactic treatment of HM.
From the Departments of Neurology (M.A.L., N.P., I.d.B., B.E.C.K., W.P.J.v.O., M.D.F., G.M.T.), Psychiatry (M.A.L.), and Biostatistics (E.W.v.Z.), Leiden University Medical Center, the Netherlands.
Mark A
MA
Louter
From the Departments of Neurology (M.A.L., N.P., I.d.B., B.E.C.K., W.P.J.v.O., M.D.F., G.M.T.), Psychiatry (M.A.L.), and Biostatistics (E.W.v.Z.), Leiden University Medical Center, the Netherlands.
Nadine
N
Pelzer
From the Departments of Neurology (M.A.L., N.P., I.d.B., B.E.C.K., W.P.J.v.O., M.D.F., G.M.T.), Psychiatry (M.A.L.), and Biostatistics (E.W.v.Z.), Leiden University Medical Center, the Netherlands.
Irene
I
de Boer
From the Departments of Neurology (M.A.L., N.P., I.d.B., B.E.C.K., W.P.J.v.O., M.D.F., G.M.T.), Psychiatry (M.A.L.), and Biostatistics (E.W.v.Z.), Leiden University Medical Center, the Netherlands.
Babette E C
BE
Kuijvenhoven
From the Departments of Neurology (M.A.L., N.P., I.d.B., B.E.C.K., W.P.J.v.O., M.D.F., G.M.T.), Psychiatry (M.A.L.), and Biostatistics (E.W.v.Z.), Leiden University Medical Center, the Netherlands.
Willebrordus P J
WP
van Oosterhout
From the Departments of Neurology (M.A.L., N.P., I.d.B., B.E.C.K., W.P.J.v.O., M.D.F., G.M.T.), Psychiatry (M.A.L.), and Biostatistics (E.W.v.Z.), Leiden University Medical Center, the Netherlands.
Erik W
EW
van Zwet
From the Departments of Neurology (M.A.L., N.P., I.d.B., B.E.C.K., W.P.J.v.O., M.D.F., G.M.T.), Psychiatry (M.A.L.), and Biostatistics (E.W.v.Z.), Leiden University Medical Center, the Netherlands.
Michel D
MD
Ferrari
From the Departments of Neurology (M.A.L., N.P., I.d.B., B.E.C.K., W.P.J.v.O., M.D.F., G.M.T.), Psychiatry (M.A.L.), and Biostatistics (E.W.v.Z.), Leiden University Medical Center, the Netherlands. g.m.terwindt@lumc.nl.
Gisela M
GM
Terwindt
D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D001007:Anxiety / Q000453:epidemiology; D002491:Central Nervous System Agents / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use; D015897:Comorbidity; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D003863:Depression / Q000453:epidemiology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D020325:Migraine with Aura / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000523:psychology; D009426:Netherlands; D016017:Odds Ratio; D015995:Prevalence; D011569:Psychiatric Status Rating Scales; D012737:Sex Factors; D012959:Socioeconomic Factors; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D055815:Young Adult
D002491:Central Nervous System Agents