A novel method for assessing the toxicity of silver nanoparticles in Caenorhabditis elegans.
At present, nanotechnology has been producing nanoscale materials with unprecedented speed. Nanomaterials could be inevitably released into the environment owing to their widespread use, and their potential toxicity has caused a great concern. With regard to assessment of nanomaterial toxicity, many studies probably don't truly reflect their toxicity, because the nanoparticles were not stable and uniformly dispersed in the medium. In the present study, the semi-fluid nematode growth gelrite medium (NGG) was used to achieve better distribution of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs). We aimed to evaluate the toxicity of AgNPs in three different culture methods, such as the NGG, nematode growth medium (NGM) and K-medium (KM). Our transmission electron microscopy, hydrodynamic diameter, and inductively coupled plasma-atomic emission spectrometry results demonstrated that AgNPs homogeneously and stably dispersed in NGG compared to that in liquid KM. Furthermore, the conventional toxicity end points, such as body length, fecundity, lifespan, population growth, germline cell apoptosis, reactive oxygen species, and mitochondrial membrane potential were used to assess the toxicity of AgNPs to Caenorhabditis elegans (C. elegans) in NGG, NGM and KM. Our results showed that the toxicity of AgNPs obtained in the NGG test medium was much higher than that in the standard NGM and KM. In addition to the improved dispersion of nanoparticles, NGG also offered advantages for long-term studies and likely provided a convenient nematode toxicity testing method. These results revealed that the NGG test medium was a suitable and sensitive culture method for the evaluation of AgNPs toxicity using C. elegans.
Key Laboratory of Ion Beam Bioengineering, Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, Anhui 230031, China; School of Life Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China; School of Bioengineering, Huainan Normal University, Huainan, Anhui 232038, China.
Xun
X
Luo
Key Laboratory of Ion Beam Bioengineering, Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, Anhui 230031, China; Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology and Pollution Control Technology of Anhui Province, Hefei, Anhui 230031, China. Electronic address: shmxu@mail.ustc.edu.cn.
Shengmin
S
Xu
Key Laboratory of Ion Beam Bioengineering, Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, Anhui 230031, China; Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology and Pollution Control Technology of Anhui Province, Hefei, Anhui 230031, China.
Yaning
Y
Yang
Key Laboratory of Ion Beam Bioengineering, Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, Anhui 230031, China; Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology and Pollution Control Technology of Anhui Province, Hefei, Anhui 230031, China.
Yajun
Y
Zhang
School of Bioengineering, Huainan Normal University, Huainan, Anhui 232038, China.
Shunchang
S
Wang
Key Laboratory of Ion Beam Bioengineering, Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, Anhui 230031, China; Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology and Pollution Control Technology of Anhui Province, Hefei, Anhui 230031, China.
Shaopeng
S
Chen
Key Laboratory of Ion Beam Bioengineering, Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, Anhui 230031, China; Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology and Pollution Control Technology of Anhui Province, Hefei, Anhui 230031, China.
An
A
Xu
Key Laboratory of Ion Beam Bioengineering, Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, Anhui 230031, China; School of Life Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China; Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology and Pollution Control Technology of Anhui Province, Hefei, Anhui 230031, China. Electronic address: ljw@ipp.ac.cn.
Lijun
L
Wu
D000818:Animals; D017209:Apoptosis / Q000187:drug effects; D017173:Caenorhabditis elegans / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000254:growth & development / Q000378:metabolism; D003470:Culture Media; D005298:Fertility / Q000187:drug effects; D006066:Gonads / Q000187:drug effects / Q000473:pathology; D053768:Metal Nanoparticles / Q000737:chemistry / Q000633:toxicity*; D046529:Microscopy, Electron, Transmission; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species / Q000378:metabolism; D012834:Silver / Q000737:chemistry / Q000633:toxicity*; D018675:Toxicity Tests
D003470:Culture Media; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species; D012834:Silver
AgNPs toxicity; C. elegans; Germ cell apoptosis; NGG; Nanotoxicity