Correlation between brain damage, associated biomarkers, and medication in psychiatric inpatients: A cross-sectional study.
BACKGROUND
We clarified the correlation between brain damage, associated biomarkers and medication in psychiatric patients, because patients with schizophrenia have an increased risk of stroke.


METHODS
The cross-sectional study was performed from January 2013 to December 2015. Study participants were 96 hospitalized patients (41 men and 55 women) in the Department of Psychiatry at Kohnodai Hospital, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, Ichikawa, Chiba, Japan. Patients were classified into schizophrenia (n=70) and mood disorders (n=26) by psychiatric diagnoses with DSM-IV-TR criteria.


RESULTS
The incidence of brain damage [symptomatic and silent brain infarctions (SBIs) and white matter hyperintensity (WMH)] was correlated more with mood disorders than with schizophrenia. It has been previously shown that the concentrations of protein-conjugated acrolein (PC-Acro) and interleukin-6 (IL-6) increased in plasma of brain infarction patients together with C-reactive protein (CRP). The concentration of PC-Acro was significantly higher in patients with mood disorders than in those with schizophrenia. The concentration of IL-6 in both groups was nearly equal to that in the control group, but that of CRP in both groups, especially in mood disorders, was higher than that in the control group. Accordingly, the relative risk value for brain infarction was higher in patients with mood disorders than with schizophrenia. Medication with atypical antipsychotics reduced PC-Acro significantly in all psychiatric patients and reduced IL-6 in mood disorder patients.


CONCLUSIONS
Measurement of 3 biomarkers (CRP, PC-Acro and IL-6) are probably useful for judgement of severity of brain damage and effectiveness of medication in psychiatric patients.
Amine Pharma Research Institute, Innovation Plaza at Chiba University, Chiba, Chiba, Japan.
Madoka
M
Yoshida
Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chiba University, Chiba, Chiba, Japan; Faculty of Pharmacy, Chiba Institute of Science, Choshi, Chiba, Japan.
Tetsuto
T
Kanzaki
Amine Pharma Research Institute, Innovation Plaza at Chiba University, Chiba, Chiba, Japan.
Mutsumi
M
Mizoi
Amine Pharma Research Institute, Innovation Plaza at Chiba University, Chiba, Chiba, Japan.
Mizuho
M
Nakamura
Amine Pharma Research Institute, Innovation Plaza at Chiba University, Chiba, Chiba, Japan.
Takeshi
T
Uemura
Faculty of Pharmacy, Chiba Institute of Science, Choshi, Chiba, Japan.
Seisuke
S
Mimori
Kohnodai Hospital, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, Ichikawa, Chiba, Japan.
Yoriyasu
Y
Uju
Kohnodai Hospital, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, Ichikawa, Chiba, Japan.
Keisuke
K
Sekine
Kohnodai Hospital, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, Ichikawa, Chiba, Japan.
Yukihiro
Y
Ishii
Kohnodai Hospital, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, Ichikawa, Chiba, Japan.
Taro
T
Yoshimi
Kohnodai Hospital, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, Ichikawa, Chiba, Japan.
Reiko
R
Yasui
Kohnodai Hospital, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, Ichikawa, Chiba, Japan.
Asuka
A
Yasukawa
Kohnodai Hospital, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, Ichikawa, Chiba, Japan.
Mamoru
M
Sato
Kohnodai Hospital, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, Ichikawa, Chiba, Japan.
Seiko
S
Okamoto
Kohnodai Hospital, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, Ichikawa, Chiba, Japan.
Tetsuya
T
Hisaoka
Kohnodai Hospital, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, Ichikawa, Chiba, Japan.
Masafumi
M
Miura
Kohnodai Hospital, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, Ichikawa, Chiba, Japan.
Shun
S
Kusanishi
Kohnodai Hospital, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, Ichikawa, Chiba, Japan.
Kanako
K
Murakami
Kohnodai Hospital, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, Ichikawa, Chiba, Japan.
Chieko
C
Nakano
Kohnodai Hospital, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, Ichikawa, Chiba, Japan.
Yasuhiko
Y
Mizuta
Kohnodai Hospital, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, Ichikawa, Chiba, Japan.
Shunichi
S
Mishima
Kohnodai Hospital, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, Ichikawa, Chiba, Japan.
Tatsuro
T
Hayakawa
Kohnodai Hospital, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, Ichikawa, Chiba, Japan.
Kazumi
K
Tsukada
Faculty of Pharmacy, Chiba Institute of Science, Choshi, Chiba, Japan.
Keiko
K
Kashiwagi
Amine Pharma Research Institute, Innovation Plaza at Chiba University, Chiba, Chiba, Japan; Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chiba University, Chiba, Chiba, Japan. Electronic address: iga16077@faculty.chiba-u.jp.
Kazuei
K
Igarashi
D000328:Adult; D014150:Antipsychotic Agents / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000097:blood; D020520:Brain Infarction / Q000150:complications; D001930:Brain Injuries / Q000150:complications*; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007297:Inpatients; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D019964:Mood Disorders / Q000097:blood* / Q000150:complications / Q000188:drug therapy*; D012559:Schizophrenia / Q000097:blood* / Q000150:complications / Q000188:drug therapy*
D014150:Antipsychotic Agents; D015415:Biomarkers
Biomarker; CRP; IL-6; Mood disorders; PC-Acro; Schizophrenia