Comparative anatomical analysis of the transcallosal-transchoroidal and transcallosal-transforniceal-transchoroidal approaches to the third ventricle.
OBJECTIVE Access to the third ventricle is a veritable challenge to neurosurgeons. In this context, anatomical and morphometric studies are useful for establishing the limitations and advantages of a particular surgical approach. The transchoroidal approach is versatile and provides adequate exposure of the middle and posterior regions of the third ventricle. However, the fornix column limits the exposure of the anterior region of the third ventricle. There is evidence that the unilateral section of the fornix column has little effect on cognitive function. This study compared the anatomical exposure afforded by the transforniceal-transchoroidal approach with that of the transchoroidal approach. In addition, a morphometric evaluation of structures that are relevant to and common in the 2 approaches was performed. METHODS The anatomical exposure provided by the transcallosal-transchoroidal and transcallosal-transforniceal-transchoroidal approaches was compared in 8 fresh cadavers, using a neuronavigation system. The working area, microsurgical exposure area, and angular exposure on the longitudinal and transversal planes of 2 anatomical targets (tuber cinereum and cerebral aqueduct) were compared. Additionally, the thickness of the right frontal lobe parenchyma, thickness of the corpus callosum trunk, and longitudinal diameter of the interventricular foramen were measured. The values obtained were submitted to statistical analysis using the Wilcoxon test. RESULTS In the quantitative evaluation, compared with the transchoroidal approach, the transforniceal-transchoroidal approach provided a greater mean working area (transforniceal-transchoroidal 150 ± 11 mm2; transchoroidal 121 ± 8 mm2; p < 0.05), larger mean microsurgical exposure area (transforniceal-transchoroidal 101 ± 9 mm2; transchoroidal 80 ± 5 mm2; p < 0.05), larger mean angular exposure area on the longitudinal plane for the tuber cinereum (transforniceal-transchoroidal 71° ± 7°; transchoroidal 64° ± 6°; p < 0.05), and larger mean angular exposure area on the longitudinal plane for the cerebral aqueduct (transforniceal-transchoroidal 62° ± 6°; transchoroidal 55° ± 5°; p < 0.05). No differences were observed in angular exposure along the transverse axis for either anatomical target (tuber cinereum and cerebral aqueduct; p > 0.05). The mean thickness of the right frontal lobe parenchyma was 35 ± 3 mm, the mean thickness of the corpus callosum trunk was 10 ± 1 mm, and the mean longitudinal diameter of the interventricular foramen was 4.6 ± 0.4 mm. In the qualitative assessment, it was noted that the transforniceal-transchoroidal approach led to greater exposure of the third ventricle anterior region structures. There was no difference between approaches in the exposure of the structures of the middle and posterior region. CONCLUSIONS The transforniceal-transchoroidal approach provides greater surgical exposure of the third ventricle anterior region than that offered by the transchoroidal approach. In the population studied, morphometric analysis established mean values for anatomical structures common to both approaches.
Division of Neurosurgery, University of São Paulo Medical School.|Discipline of Neurosurgery, Santa Casa de São Paulo Medical School, São Paulo, Brazil.
João Luiz
JL
Vitorino Araujo
Discipline of Neurosurgery, Santa Casa de São Paulo Medical School, São Paulo, Brazil.
José C E
JCE
Veiga
Division of Neurosurgery, University of São Paulo Medical School.
Hung Tzu
HT
Wen
Division of Neurosurgery, University of São Paulo Medical School.
Almir F
AF
de Andrade
Division of Neurosurgery, University of São Paulo Medical School.
Manoel J
MJ
Teixeira
Division of Neurosurgery, University of São Paulo Medical School.
José P
JP
Otoch
Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida; and.
Albert L
AL
Rhoton
Division of Neurological Surgery, Barrow Neurological Institute, St. Joseph's Hospital and Medical Center, Phoenix, Arizona.
Mark C
MC
Preul
Division of Neurological Surgery, Barrow Neurological Institute, St. Joseph's Hospital and Medical Center, Phoenix, Arizona.
Robert F
RF
Spetzler
Division of Neurosurgery, University of São Paulo Medical School.
Eberval G
EG
Figueiredo
D000328:Adult; D002102:Cadaver; D002831:Choroid Plexus / Q000033:anatomy & histology; D003337:Corpus Callosum / Q000033:anatomy & histology; D020712:Fornix, Brain / Q000033:anatomy & histology; D006801:Humans; D019635:Neurosurgical Procedures / Q000379:methods*; D020542:Third Ventricle / Q000033:anatomy & histology* / Q000601:surgery*
comparative anatomy; corpus callosum; diagnostic technique; fornix; neuroanatomy; neurosurgical procedure; third ventricle