Firing Frequency Maxima of Fast-Spiking Neurons in Human, Monkey, and Mouse Neocortex.
Cortical fast-spiking (FS) neurons generate high-frequency action potentials (APs) without apparent frequency accommodation, thus providing fast and precise inhibition. However, the maximal firing frequency that they can reach, particularly in primate neocortex, remains unclear. Here, by recording in human, monkey, and mouse neocortical slices, we revealed that FS neurons in human association cortices (mostly temporal) could generate APs at a maximal mean frequency (Fmean) of 338 Hz and a maximal instantaneous frequency (Finst) of 453 Hz, and they increase with age. The maximal firing frequency of FS neurons in the association cortices (frontal and temporal) of monkey was even higher (Fmean450 Hz, Finst611 Hz), whereas in the association cortex (entorhinal) of mouse it was much lower (Fmean215 Hz, Finst342 Hz). Moreover, FS neurons in mouse primary visual cortex (V1) could fire at higher frequencies (Fmean415 Hz, Finst582 Hz) than those in association cortex. We further validated ourin vitrodata by examining spikes of putative FS neurons in behaving monkey and mouse. Together, our results demonstrate that the maximal firing frequency of FS neurons varies between species and cortical areas.
State Key Laboratory of Cognitive Neuroscience and Learning, IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research, School of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, The Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, Beijing Normal UniversityBeijing, China; Institute of Neuroscience and State Key Laboratory of Neuroscience, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, and University of Chinese Academy of SciencesShanghai, China.
Bo
B
Wang
State Key Laboratory of Cognitive Neuroscience and Learning, IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research, School of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, The Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, Beijing Normal University Beijing, China.
Wei
W
Ke
Institute of Neuroscience and State Key Laboratory of Neuroscience, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, and University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Shanghai, China.
Jing
J
Guang
Institute of Neuroscience and State Key Laboratory of Neuroscience, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, and University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Shanghai, China.
Guang
G
Chen
Institute of Neuroscience and State Key Laboratory of Neuroscience, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, and University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Shanghai, China.
Luping
L
Yin
State Key Laboratory of Cognitive Neuroscience and Learning, IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research, School of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, The Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, Beijing Normal University Beijing, China.
Suixin
S
Deng
State Key Laboratory of Cognitive Neuroscience and Learning, IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research, School of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, The Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, Beijing Normal University Beijing, China.
Quansheng
Q
He
State Key Laboratory of Cognitive Neuroscience and Learning, IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research, School of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, The Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, Beijing Normal University Beijing, China.
Yaping
Y
Liu
State Key Laboratory of Cognitive Neuroscience and Learning, IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research, School of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, The Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, Beijing Normal University Beijing, China.
Ting
T
He
Institute of Neuroscience and State Key Laboratory of Neuroscience, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, and University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Shanghai, China.
Rui
R
Zheng
Institute of Neuroscience and State Key Laboratory of Neuroscience, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, and University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Shanghai, China.
Yanbo
Y
Jiang
State Key Laboratory of Cognitive Neuroscience and Learning, IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research, School of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, The Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, Beijing Normal University Beijing, China.
Xiaoxue
X
Zhang
Department of Neurosurgery, Brain Institute, and Department of Neurology, Epilepsy Center, Beijing Sanbo Brain Hospital, Capital Medical University Beijing, China.
Tianfu
T
Li
Department of Neurosurgery, Brain Institute, and Department of Neurology, Epilepsy Center, Beijing Sanbo Brain Hospital, Capital Medical University Beijing, China.
Guoming
G
Luan
State Key Laboratory of Cognitive Neuroscience and Learning, IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research, School of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, The Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, Beijing Normal University Beijing, China.
Haidong D
HD
Lu
State Key Laboratory of Cognitive Neuroscience and Learning, IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research, School of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, The Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, Beijing Normal University Beijing, China.
Mingsha
M
Zhang
State Key Laboratory of Cognitive Neuroscience and Learning, IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research, School of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, The Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, Beijing Normal University Beijing, China.
Xiaohui
X
Zhang
State Key Laboratory of Cognitive Neuroscience and Learning, IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research, School of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, The Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, Beijing Normal University Beijing, China.
Yousheng
Y
Shu
fast-spiking neuron; firing frequency; human; monkey; neocortex