Comparison of the alendronate and irradiation with a light-emitting diode (LED) on murine osteoclastogenesis.
Photomodulation therapy (PBMT) using light-emitting diode (LED) has been proposed as an alternative to conventional osteoporosis therapies. Our aim was to determine the effect of irradiation with a light-emitting diode on receptor activator of NF-κB ligand (RANKL)-mediated differentiation of mouse bone marrow macrophages into osteoclasts and compare it to alendronate treatment. The cells were irradiated with LED at 635±10 nm, 9-cm spot size, 5 mW/cm2, and 18 J for 60 min/day in a CO2incubator. The differentiation of irradiated and untreated RANKL-stimulated bone marrow macrophages into osteoclasts was evaluated by tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP) staining and by molecular methods. These included assessing messenger RNA (mRNA) expression of osteoclastic markers such as TRAP, c-Fos, Atp6v0d2, DC-STAMP, NFATc1, cathepsin K, MMP9 and OSCAR; phosphorylation of various MAPKs, including extracellular signal-regulated kinase ERK1/2, P38, and JNK; NF-κB translocation; and resorption pit formation. Results were compared to those obtained with sodium alendronate. Production of reactive oxygen species was measured by a 2',7'-dihydrodichlorofluorescein diacetate assay. LED irradiation and alendronate inhibited mRNA expression of osteoclast-related genes, such as TRAP, c-Fos, and NFATc1, and reduced the osteoclast activity of RANKL-stimulated bone marrow macrophages. LED irradiation, but not alendronate, also inhibited the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS); phosphorylation of ERK, P38, and IκB; and NF-κB translocation. These findings suggest that LED irradiation downregulates osteoclastogenesis by ROS production; this effect could lead to reduced bone loss and may offer a new therapeutic tool for managing osteoporosis.
Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Chosun University Hospital, Dong-Gu, Gwangju, Korea.
Hong Moon
HM
Sohn
Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Chosun University Hospital, Dong-Gu, Gwangju, Korea.
Youngjong
Y
Ko
Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Chosun University Hospital, Dong-Gu, Gwangju, Korea.
Mineon
M
Park
Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Chosun University Hospital, Dong-Gu, Gwangju, Korea.
Bora
B
Kim
Department of Biomedical Science, BK21-Plus Research Team for Bioactive Control, Chosun University, Gwangju, Korea.
Jung Eun
JE
Park
Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Chosun University Hospital, Dong-Gu, Gwangju, Korea.
Donghwi
D
Kim
Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Chosun University Hospital, Dong-Gu, Gwangju, Korea.
Young Lae
YL
Moon
Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Chosun University Hospital, Dong-Gu, Gwangju, Korea. wonbong@chosun.ac.kr.|Department of Premedical Sciences, College of Medicine, Chosun University, 309 Pilmun-daero, Dong-gu, Gwangju, 61452, Republic of Korea. wonbong@chosun.ac.kr.
Wonbong
W
Lim
D019386:Alendronate / Q000494:pharmacology*; D000818:Animals; D001854:Bone Marrow Cells / Q000166:cytology / Q000187:drug effects; D001862:Bone Resorption / Q000473:pathology; D002454:Cell Differentiation / Q000187:drug effects; D015536:Down-Regulation / Q000187:drug effects; D048049:Extracellular Signal-Regulated MAP Kinases / Q000378:metabolism; D008027:Light; D008264:Macrophages / Q000166:cytology / Q000187:drug effects; D008297:Male; D008807:Mice, Inbred BALB C; D016328:NF-kappa B / Q000378:metabolism; D010010:Osteoclasts / Q000166:cytology* / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism / Q000528:radiation effects; D010012:Osteogenesis / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000528:radiation effects*; D010766:Phosphorylation / Q000187:drug effects; D053245:RANK Ligand / Q000494:pharmacology; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species / Q000378:metabolism; D053246:Receptor Activator of Nuclear Factor-kappa B / Q000378:metabolism; D015398:Signal Transduction / Q000187:drug effects
D016328:NF-kappa B; D053245:RANK Ligand; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species; D053246:Receptor Activator of Nuclear Factor-kappa B; D048049:Extracellular Signal-Regulated MAP Kinases; D019386:Alendronate
LED; Osteoclastogenesis; Osteoporosis; ROS