The Association of Estimated Cardiorespiratory Fitness on mortality risk among those with an elevated gamma gap.
OBJECTIVE
An elevated (≥3.1g/dl) gamma gap (Total Protein (g/dl)-Albumin (g/dl)) is associated with increased cardiovascular disease risk and risk for all-cause mortality. Cardiorespiratory fitness is associated with reduced mortality risk. The potential protective effects of cardiorespiratory fitness on mortality risk among those with an elevated gamma gap have yet to be investigated, which was the purpose of this study.


METHODS
Data from the 1999-2006 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey were used (N=9251 adults 20-85yrs). Participants were followed through 2011. Cardiorespiratory fitness was estimated from a recently developed algorithm that was derived to estimate cardiorespiratory fitness within the context of predicting mortality risk.


RESULTS
After full adjustments among those with an elevated gamma gap, a 1 metabolic equivalent of task (MET) increase in cardiorespiratory fitness was associated with a 24% reduced hazard of all-cause mortality (HR=0.76; 95% CI: 0.64-0.91; P=0.003).


CONCLUSIONS
Having adequate levels of cardiorespiratory fitness may be of critical importance in reducing all-cause mortality risk, particularly among adults with an elevated gamma gap.
Physical Activity Epidemiology Laboratory, Department of Health, Exercise Science and Recreation Management, The University of Mississippi, University, MS 38677, United States.
Meghan K
MK
Edwards
Jackson Heart Study Vanguard Center of Oxford, Physical Activity Epidemiology Laboratory, Department of Health, Exercise Science and Recreation Management, The University of Mississippi, University, MS 38677, United States. Electronic address: pdloprin@olemiss.edu.
Paul D
PD
Loprinzi
D000328:Adult; D000367:Age Factors; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D001798:Blood Proteins / Q000378:metabolism*; D002097:C-Reactive Protein / Q000378:metabolism; D000072599:Cardiorespiratory Fitness / Q000502:physiology*; D002318:Cardiovascular Diseases / Q000097:blood* / Q000401:mortality* / Q000503:physiopathology; D002423:Cause of Death; D015331:Cohort Studies; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009026:Mortality / Q000639:trends*; D009749:Nutrition Surveys; D016016:Proportional Hazards Models; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D018570:Risk Assessment; D012709:Serum Albumin / Q000378:metabolism*; D012737:Sex Factors; D055815:Young Adult
D001798:Blood Proteins; D012709:Serum Albumin; D002097:C-Reactive Protein
Epidemiology; Globulin fraction; Inflammation; Survival