Nerolidol-loaded nanospheres prevent behavioral impairment via ameliorating Na+, K+-ATPase and AChE activities as well as reducing oxidative stress in the brain of Trypanosoma evansi-infected mice.
The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of nerolidol-loaded nanospheres (N-NS) on the treatment of memory impairment caused by Trypanosoma evansi in mice, as well as oxidative stress, and Na+, K+-ATPase and acetylcholinesterase (AChE) activities in brain tissue. Animals were submitted to behavioral tasks (inhibitory avoidance task and open-field test) 4 days postinfection (PI). Reactive oxygen species (ROS) and thiobarbituric acid-reactive substance (TBARS) levels and catalase (CAT), superoxide dismutase (SOD), Na+, K+-ATPase and AChE activities were measured on the fifth-day PI. T. evansi-infected mice showed memory deficit, increased ROS and TBARS levels and SOD and AChE activities, and decreased CAT and Na+, K+-ATPase activities compared to uninfected mice. N-NS prevented memory impairment and oxidative stress parameters (except SOD activity), while free nerolidol (N-F) restored only CAT activity. Also, N-NS treatment was able to prevent alterations in Na+, K+-ATPase and AChE activities caused by T. evansi infection. A significantly negative correlation was observed between memory and ROS production (p < 0.001; r = -0.941), as well as between memory and AChE activity (p < 0.05; r = -0.774). On the contrary, a significantly positive correlation between memory and Na+, K+-ATPase activity was observed (p < 0.01; r = 0.844). In conclusion, N-NS was able to reverse memory impairment and to prevent increased ROS and TBARS levels due to amelioration of Na+, K+-ATPase and AChE activities and to activation of the antioxidant enzymes, respectively. These results suggest that N-NS treatment may be a useful strategy to treat memory dysfunction and oxidative stress caused by T. evansi infection.
Department of Microbiology and Parasitology, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria (UFSM), Santa Maria, RS, Brazil. matheusd.biomed@yahoo.com.br.
Matheus D
MD
Baldissera
Department of Microbiology and Parasitology, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria (UFSM), Santa Maria, RS, Brazil.
Carine F
CF
Souza
Department of Microbiology and Parasitology, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria (UFSM), Santa Maria, RS, Brazil.
Thirssa H
TH
Grando
Department of Morphology, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria (UFSM), Santa Maria, RS, Brazil.
Karen L S
KL
Moreira
Department of Microbiology and Parasitology, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria (UFSM), Santa Maria, RS, Brazil.
Andressa S
AS
Schafer
Department of Microbiology and Parasitology, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria (UFSM), Santa Maria, RS, Brazil.
Luciana F
LF
Cossetin
Laboratory of Nanotechnology, Centro Universitário Franciscano, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil.
Ana P T
AP
da Silva
Department of Morphology, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria (UFSM), Santa Maria, RS, Brazil.
Marcelo L
ML
da Veiga
Department of Morphology, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria (UFSM), Santa Maria, RS, Brazil.
Maria Izabel U M
MI
da Rocha
Graduate School of Animal Science, Universidade do Estado de Santa Catarina (UDESC), Chapecó, SC, Brazil.
Lenita M
LM
Stefani
Graduate School of Animal Science, Universidade do Estado de Santa Catarina (UDESC), Chapecó, SC, Brazil.
Aleksandro S
AS
da Silva
Department of Microbiology and Parasitology, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria (UFSM), Santa Maria, RS, Brazil. sgmonteiro@uol.com.br.
Silvia G
SG
Monteiro
D000110:Acetylcholinesterase / Q000378:metabolism; D000818:Animals; D000975:Antioxidants / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D001362:Avoidance Learning / Q000187:drug effects; D001522:Behavior, Animal / Q000187:drug effects*; D001921:Brain / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000201:enzymology / Q000473:pathology; D002374:Catalase / Q000378:metabolism; D020808:Central Nervous System Protozoal Infections / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000201:enzymology / Q000469:parasitology / Q000523:psychology; D002800:Cholinesterase Inhibitors / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D003072:Cognition Disorders / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000201:enzymology / Q000469:parasitology / Q000523:psychology; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D005260:Female; D058851:GPI-Linked Proteins / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000378:metabolism; D008568:Memory / Q000187:drug effects; D008569:Memory Disorders / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000201:enzymology / Q000469:parasitology / Q000523:psychology; D051379:Mice; D009043:Motor Activity / Q000187:drug effects; D054118:Nanospheres; D018697:Nootropic Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage; D018384:Oxidative Stress / Q000187:drug effects*; D011930:Reaction Time / Q000187:drug effects; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species / Q000378:metabolism; D012717:Sesquiterpenes / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D000254:Sodium-Potassium-Exchanging ATPase / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors* / Q000378:metabolism; D013482:Superoxide Dismutase / Q000378:metabolism; D017392:Thiobarbituric Acid Reactive Substances / Q000378:metabolism; D014345:Trypanosoma / Q000472:pathogenicity*; D014352:Trypanosomiasis / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000201:enzymology / Q000469:parasitology / Q000523:psychology
D000975:Antioxidants; D002800:Cholinesterase Inhibitors; D058851:GPI-Linked Proteins; D018697:Nootropic Agents; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species; D012717:Sesquiterpenes; D017392:Thiobarbituric Acid Reactive Substances; D002374:Catalase; D013482:Superoxide Dismutase; D000110:Acetylcholinesterase; C548245:Ache protein, mouse; D000254:Sodium-Potassium-Exchanging ATPase; C037055:nerolidol
Antioxidant enzymes; Cognitive impairment; Nanomedicine; Trypanosomosis