Clinical and immunohistochemical characteristics of type II and type I focal cortical dysplasia.
Focal cortical dysplasia (FCD) II and I are major causes for drug-resistant epilepsy. In order to gain insight into the possible correlations between FCD II and FCD I, different clinical characteristics and immunohistochemical expression characteristics in FCD I and II were analyzed. The median age of onset and duration of epilepsy in FCD I and FCD II patients were 2.1 years and 5.3 years vs 2.4 years and 4.5 years. Therefore, the median age of onset and duration of epilepsy were similar in the two groups. Pathological lesions were predominantly located in frontal lobe in FCD II and temporal in FCD I. Significantly more signal abnormalities in FLAIR and T2 images were demonstrated in FCD II than FCD I. The rate of satisfied seizure outcome was relative higher in FCDII patients (95.12%) than that in FCDI group (84.6%). Furthermore, we detected expressions of progenitor cell proteins and the mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) cascade activation protein in FCDs. Results showed that sex-determiningregion Y-box 2(SOX2) , Kruppel-likefactor 4 (KLF4) and phospho-S6 ribosomal proteins (ser240/244 or ser235/236) were expressed in FCDII group but not in FCD I. Overall, this study unveils FCD I and II exhibit distinct clinical and immunohistochemical expression characteristics, revealing different pathogenic mechanisms.
Department of Pathology, San Bo Brain Hospital, Capital Medical University, Haidian, Beijng, P. R. China.
Kun
K
Yao
Department of Pathology, San Bo Brain Hospital, Capital Medical University, Haidian, Beijng, P. R. China.
Zejun
Z
Duan
Department of Neurosurgery, San Bo Brain Hospital, Capital Medical University, Haidian, Beijng, P. R. China.
Jian
J
Zhou
Department of Neurosurgery, San Bo Brain Hospital, Capital Medical University, Haidian, Beijng, P. R. China.
Lin
L
Li
Department of Neurosurgery, San Bo Brain Hospital, Capital Medical University, Haidian, Beijng, P. R. China.
Feng
F
Zhai
The Second Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, P. R. China.
Yanting
Y
Dong
Beijing Health Vocational College, Xicheng, Beijing, P. R. China.
Xiaoyan
X
Wang
Department of Pathology, San Bo Brain Hospital, Capital Medical University, Haidian, Beijng, P. R. China.
Zhong
Z
Ma
Department of Pathology, San Bo Brain Hospital, Capital Medical University, Haidian, Beijng, P. R. China.
Yu
Y
Bian
Department of Pathology, San Bo Brain Hospital, Capital Medical University, Haidian, Beijng, P. R. China.
Xueling
X
Qi
Department of Pathology, Capital Medical University, Beijing, P.R. China.
Liang
L
Li
D000293:Adolescent; D001706:Biopsy; D002540:Cerebral Cortex / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D004827:Epilepsy / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000601:surgery; D005260:Female; D005455:Fluorescent Antibody Technique; D006801:Humans; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D007223:Infant; D000090062:Kruppel-Like Factor 4; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging / Q000379:methods; D008297:Male; D054220:Malformations of Cortical Development / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000601:surgery; D065703:Malformations of Cortical Development, Group I / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000601:surgery; D010641:Phenotype; D063189:Symptom Assessment; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D066127:White Matter / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology
Pathology Section; epilepsy; focal cortical dysplasia type I; focal cortical dysplasia type II; imaging; pathology