Contribution of cholesterol and oxysterols to the pathophysiology of Parkinson's disease.
Neurodegenerative diseases are a major public health issue worldwide. Some countries, including France, have engaged in research into the causes of Parkinson's disease, Alzheimer's disease, and multiple sclerosis and the management of these patients. It should lead to a better understanding of the mechanisms leading to these diseases including the possible involvement of lipids in their pathogenesis. Parkinson's disease is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder characterized by the loss of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra and the accumulation of α-synuclein (Lewy bodies). Several in vivo studies have shown a relationship between the lipid profile [cholesterol, oxidized cholesterol products (oxysterols) formed either enzymatically or by auto-oxidation], the use of drugs regulating cholesterol levels, and the development of Parkinson's disease. Several oxysterols are present in the brain and could play a role in the development of this disease, particularly in the accumulation of α-synuclein, and through various side effects, such as oxidation, inflammation, and cell death. Consequently, in Parkinson's disease, some oxysterols could contribute to the pathophysiology of the disease and constitute potential biomarkers or therapeutic targets.
Team 'Biochemistry of the Peroxisome, Inflammation and Lipid Metabolism' EA 7270, Université de Bourgogne Franche-Comté, INSERM, Dijon, France.
Margaux
M
Doria
Team 'Biochemistry of the Peroxisome, Inflammation and Lipid Metabolism' EA 7270, Université de Bourgogne Franche-Comté, INSERM, Dijon, France; Department of Neurology, University Hospital/University of Bourgogne Franche-Comté, Dijon, France.
Lucie
L
Maugest
Team 'Biochemistry of the Peroxisome, Inflammation and Lipid Metabolism' EA 7270, Université de Bourgogne Franche-Comté, INSERM, Dijon, France; Department of Neurology, University Hospital/University of Bourgogne Franche-Comté, Dijon, France.
Thibault
T
Moreau
Team 'Biochemistry of the Peroxisome, Inflammation and Lipid Metabolism' EA 7270, Université de Bourgogne Franche-Comté, INSERM, Dijon, France.
Gérard
G
Lizard
Team 'Biochemistry of the Peroxisome, Inflammation and Lipid Metabolism' EA 7270, Université de Bourgogne Franche-Comté, INSERM, Dijon, France. Electronic address: anne.vejux@u-bourgogne.fr.
Anne
A
Vejux
D016923:Cell Death; D002784:Cholesterol / Q000378:metabolism*; D059290:Dopaminergic Neurons / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology; D006801:Humans; D010084:Oxidation-Reduction; D000072376:Oxysterols / Q000378:metabolism*; D010300:Parkinson Disease / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology / Q000503:physiopathology; D017729:Presynaptic Terminals / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D066329:Protein Aggregates; D013378:Substantia Nigra / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology / Q000503:physiopathology; D051844:alpha-Synuclein / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000378:metabolism
D000072376:Oxysterols; D066329:Protein Aggregates; D051844:alpha-Synuclein; D002784:Cholesterol
Cholesterol; Oxysterol; Parkinson's disease