Retinal oxygen saturation in Chinese adolescents.
OBJECTIVE
To study the retinal oxygen saturation in normal eyes of Chinese adolescents.


METHODS
Performing retinal oximetry with the Oxymap T1 Retinal Oximeter in healthy children and adolescents (aged 5-18 years old), we measured the arterial (SaO2) and venular (SvO2) oxygen saturation and the arteriovenous difference in oxygen saturation (Sa-vO2).


RESULTS
The study included 122 individuals with a mean age of 13.0 ± 2.9 years (range: 5-18 years) and a mean refractive error of -3.25 ± 2.49 dioptres (range:-8.88 to +3.13 dioptres). Mean SaO2, SvO2and Sa-vO2was 85.5 ± 7.1%, 48.2 ± 5.5% and 37.3 ± 6.5%, respectively. Mean SaO2was significantly (p < 0.001) the lowest in the inferotemporal quadrant (79.1 ± 9.0%), followed by the superotemporal quadrant (83.4 ± 9.7%), the inferonasal quadrant (90.4 ± 10.6%) and the superonasal quadrant (93.4 ± 10.8%). In a similar manner, the values of the SvO2were the lowest (p < 0.001) in the inferotemporal quadrant (42.1 ± 8.3%), followed by the superotemporal quadrant (47.8 ± 7.2%), the inferonasal quadrant (52.3 ± 8.4%) and the superonasal quadrant (55.1 ± 7.6%). Arteriovenous difference in oxygen saturation (Sa-vO2) did not differ significantly (all p > 0.05) between the fundus quadrants. In multiple linear regression analysis, SaO2increased (regression coefficient r2= 0.28) with older age (standardized regression coefficient β: 0.23; p = 0.01) and more myopic refractive error (β: -0.39; p < 0.001). Higher SvO2was significantly correlated with more myopic refractive error (β: -0.46; p < 0.001; r2= 0.20), while Sa-vO2increased significantly only with older age in the multivariate analysis (β: 0.26; p = 0.01; r2= 0.07).


CONCLUSIONS
Our study provides normative data for Chinese children and adolescents who showed lower values than adults for SaO2and SvO2. SaO2increased with older age and higher myopic refractive error, SvO2increased with higher myopic refractive error, and Sa-vO2increased with older age.
Beijing Institute of Ophthalmology, Beijing Tongren Eye Center, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Beijing Ophthalmology and Visual Science Key Lab, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.
Xue
X
Liu
Beijing Institute of Ophthalmology, Beijing Tongren Eye Center, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Beijing Ophthalmology and Visual Science Key Lab, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.
Shuang
S
Wang
Beijing Institute of Ophthalmology, Beijing Tongren Eye Center, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Beijing Ophthalmology and Visual Science Key Lab, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.
Yi
Y
Liu
Beijing Institute of Ophthalmology, Beijing Tongren Eye Center, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Beijing Ophthalmology and Visual Science Key Lab, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.
Li Juan
LJ
Liu
Beijing Tongren Vision Care Center, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.
Yan Yun
YY
Lv
Beijing Tongren Vision Care Center, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.
Ping
P
Tang
Beijing Institute of Ophthalmology, Beijing Tongren Eye Center, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Beijing Ophthalmology and Visual Science Key Lab, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.|Department of Ophthalmology, Medical Faculty Mannheim of the Ruprecht-Karls-University of Heidelberg, Mannheim, Germany.
Jost B
http://orcid.org/0000-0003-2972-5227
JB
Jonas
Beijing Institute of Ophthalmology, Beijing Tongren Eye Center, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Beijing Ophthalmology and Visual Science Key Lab, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.
Liang
L
Xu
D000293:Adolescent; D044466:Asian People / Q000208:ethnology; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D002681:China / Q000453:epidemiology; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D010092:Oximetry; D010100:Oxygen / Q000097:blood*; D010101:Oxygen Consumption; D012016:Reference Values; D012161:Retinal Artery / Q000502:physiology*; D012169:Retinal Vein / Q000502:physiology*
D010100:Oxygen
ischaemic retinopathy; retinal arterioles; retinal oxygen saturation; retinal oxymetry; retinal vessels