Growth and Productivity Response of Hybrid Rice to Application of Animal Manures, Plant Residues and Phosphorus.
The objective of this research was to evaluate the impact of organic sources (animal manures vs. plant residues at the rate of 10 t ha-1each) on the productivity of hybrid rice (Oryza sativaL.) production under different levels of phosphorus (0, 30, 60, and 90 kg P ha-1) fertilization. Two separate field experiments were conducted. In experiment (1), impact of three animal manures sources (cattle, sheep, and poultry manures) and P levels were studied along with one control plot (no animal manure and P applied) was investigated. In experiment (2), three plant residues sources (peach leaves, garlic residues, and wheat straw) and P levels were studied along with one control plot (no plant residues and P applied). Both the experiments were carried out on small land farmer field at District Swabi, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Province (Northwest Pakistan) during summer 2015. The results revealed that in both experiments the control plot had significantly (p≤ 0.05) less productivity than the average of all treated plots with organic sources and P level. The increase in P levels in both experiments (animal manure vs. plant residues) resulted in higher rice productivity (90 > 60 > 30 > 0 kg P ha-1). In the experiment under animal manures, application of poultry manure increased rice productivity as compared with sheep and cattle manures (poultry > sheep > cattle manures). In the experiment under plant residues, application of peach leaves or garlic residues had higher rice productivity than wheat straw (peach leaves = garlic residues > wheat straw). On average, rice grown under animal manures produced about 20% higher grain yield than rice grown under crop residues. We conclude from this study that application of 90 kg P ha-1along with combined application of animal manures, especially poultry manure increases rice productivity. Also, the use of either garlic residues or peach leaves, never applied before as organic manures, can increase crop productivity and will help in degraded soil for sustainable soil management.
Department of Agronomy, University of Agriculture Peshawar, Pakistan.
Amanullah
Department of Agronomy, University of Agriculture Peshawar, Pakistan.
Shams-Ul-Tamraiz
SU
Khan
Department of Agronomy, University of Agriculture Peshawar, Pakistan.
Asif
A
Iqbal
National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, MOA Key Laboratory of Crop Ecophysiology and Farming System, College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University Wuhan, China.
Shah
S
Fahad
Northwest Pakistan; animal manures; grain yield; growth; hybrid rice; phosphorus levels; plant residues; yield components