Complete Genome Sequencing and Phylogenetic Analysis of a Getah Virus Strain (Genus Alphavirus, Family Togaviridae) Isolated from Culex tritaeniorhynchus Mosquitoes in Nagasaki, Japan in 2012.
Getah virus (GETV; genus Alphavirus, family Togaviridae) is a mosquito-borne virus known to cause disease in horses and pigs. In 2014, for the first time in ∼30 years, a sudden GETV outbreak occurred among racehorses in Ibaraki, Japan. Two years before this outbreak, we obtained multiple GETV isolates from Culex tritaeniorhynchus mosquitoes collected in Nagasaki, Japan and determined the whole genome sequence of GETV isolate 12IH26. Our phylogenetic analysis of GETV strains revealed that the isolate 12IH26 forms a robust clade with the epidemic strains 14-I-605-C1 and 14-I-605-C2 isolated from horses in the 2014 outbreak in Ibaraki. Furthermore, the complete genomic sequence of the isolate 12IH26 was 99.9% identical to those of the 2014 epidemic strains in Ibaraki. Phylogenetic analysis also showed that the recent Japanese GETV strains, including the isolate 12IH26, are closely related to the Chinese and South Korean strains rather than the previous Japanese strains, suggesting that GETV strains may be transported from overseas into Japan through long-distance migration of the infected mosquitoes or migratory birds.
1 Department of Environmental Parasitology, Tokyo Medical and Dental University , Tokyo, Japan .|2 Department of Medical Entomology, National Institute of Infectious Diseases , Tokyo, Japan .
Daisuke
D
Kobayashi
2 Department of Medical Entomology, National Institute of Infectious Diseases , Tokyo, Japan .
Haruhiko
H
Isawa
2 Department of Medical Entomology, National Institute of Infectious Diseases , Tokyo, Japan .|3 Division of infectious Diseases Epidemiology and Control, National Defense Medical Research Institute , National Defense Medical College, Saitama, Japan .
Hiroko
H
Ejiri
2 Department of Medical Entomology, National Institute of Infectious Diseases , Tokyo, Japan .
Toshinori
T
Sasaki
4 Department of Vector Ecology and Environment, Institute of Tropical Medicine, Nagasaki University , Nagasaki, Japan .
Toshihiko
T
Sunahara
4 Department of Vector Ecology and Environment, Institute of Tropical Medicine, Nagasaki University , Nagasaki, Japan .
Kyoko
K
Futami
2 Department of Medical Entomology, National Institute of Infectious Diseases , Tokyo, Japan .
Yoshio
Y
Tsuda
5 Research and Education Center for Prevention of Global Infectious Diseases of Animals, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology , Tokyo, Japan .
Yukie
Y
Katayama
5 Research and Education Center for Prevention of Global Infectious Diseases of Animals, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology , Tokyo, Japan .
Tetsuya
T
Mizutani
4 Department of Vector Ecology and Environment, Institute of Tropical Medicine, Nagasaki University , Nagasaki, Japan .
Noboru
N
Minakawa
1 Department of Environmental Parasitology, Tokyo Medical and Dental University , Tokyo, Japan .
Nobuo
N
Ohta
2 Department of Medical Entomology, National Institute of Infectious Diseases , Tokyo, Japan .
Kyoko
K
Sawabe
D000524:Alphavirus / Q000145:classification / Q000235:genetics*; D019943:Amino Acid Substitution; D025041:Animal Migration; D000818:Animals; D003465:Culex / Q000821:virology*; D005260:Female; D016679:Genome, Viral; D007564:Japan; D000072138:Mosquito Vectors / Q000821:virology*; D010802:Phylogeny; D014764:Viral Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism
D014764:Viral Proteins
Culex tritaeniorhynchus; Getah virus; Japan