Isolation and characterization of quinine fromPolygonatum verticillatum: A new marker approach to identify substitution and adulteration.
Polygonatum verticillatum(Mahameda) is an important ingredient of Ashtawarga and Ayurvedic formulations. Nowadays, it comes under the category of endangered plants due to large scale and indiscriminate collection of wild material. To overcome the scarcity, substitutes of Mahameda are also commonly used in market. These additives are different from the authentic plant by Ayurvedic and pharmacological theory of drug action, thereby resulting in substitution/adulteration. Substitution is a critical issue in isolation and quantification of the therapeutically active ingredients that can be used as markers in the identification of substitution/adulteration. Methanolic extract of the rhizomes ofP. verticillatumwas subjected to preliminary phytochemical screening for the detection of phytoconstituents, followed by column chromatography for isolation of the marker. The column was first eluted with pure hexane, and polarity of the solvent was gradually increased. A total of 1180 fractions were collected and pooled on the basis of thin-layer chromatography profile. The single compound was isolated and confirmed by chemical test, melting point, spectral analysis, and comparison with literature. Phytochemical screening of the extract shows the presence of alkaloids, flavonoids, carbohydrates, terpenoids, and phenolics. A pure white crystalline powder was isolated by column chromatography which was characterized as (6-methoxyquinolin-4-yl-8-vinylquinuclidin-2-yl) methanol, i.e. Quinine. The isolated compound, Quinine, was identified as a novel compound in Mahameda as it has not been reported in the genusPolygonatum, till now. It can be used as a marker for the identification of substitution/adulteration and standardization ofP. verticillatum.
Department of Herbal Drug Technology, University Centre of Excellence in Research, Baba Farid University of Health Sciences, Faridkot, Punjab, India.
Jaswinder Kaur
JK
Virk
Department of AYUSH, National Institute of Ayurvedic Pharmaceutical Research, Patiala, Punjab, India.
Sanjiv
S
Kumar
School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shobhit University, Meerut, Uttar Pradesh, India.
Ranjit
R
Singh
Department of Pharmacy, Babu Banarasi Das Northern India Institute of Technology, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India.
Avinash C
AC
Tripathi
Department of Pharmacy, Babu Banarasi Das Northern India Institute of Technology, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India.
Shailendra K
SK
Saraf
Department of Herbal Drug Technology, University Centre of Excellence in Research, Baba Farid University of Health Sciences, Faridkot, Punjab, India.
Vikas
V
Gupta
Department of Herbal Drug Technology, University Centre of Excellence in Research, Baba Farid University of Health Sciences, Faridkot, Punjab, India.
Parveen
P
Bansal
Adulterants; Polygonatum verticillatum; column chromatography; marker compound; substituents