The longitudinal relationship between flourishing mental health and incident mood, anxiety and substance use disorders.
High levels of mental well-being might protect against the onset of mental disorders but longitudinal evidence is scarce. This study examines whether flourishing mental health predicts first-incidence and recurrent mental disorders 3 years later. Data were used from 4482 representative adults participating in the second (2010-12) and third wave (2013-15) of the Netherlands Mental Health Survey and Incidence Study-2 (NEMESIS-2). Mental well-being was assessed with the Mental Health Continuum-Short Form (MHC-SF) at the second wave. The classification criteria of this instrument were used to classify participants as having flourishing mental health: high levels of both hedonic well-being (life-satisfaction, happiness) and eudaimonic well-being (social contribution, purpose in life, personal growth). DSM-IV mood, anxiety and substance use disorders were measured with the Composite International Diagnostic Interview (CIDI) 3.0 at all waves. Odds ratios of (first and recurrent) incident disorders were estimated, using logistic regression analyses adjusting for potential confounders. Flourishing reduced the risk of incident mood disorders by 28% and of anxiety disorders by 53%, but did not significantly predicted substance use disorders. A similar pattern of associations was found for either high hedonic or high eudaimonic well-being. Significant results were found for substance use disorders when life-events and social support were removed as covariates. This study underscores the rationale of promoting mental well-being as a public mental health strategy to prevent mental illness. In wealthy European nations it seems fruitful to measure and pursuit a flourishing life rather than merely high levels of hedonic well-being.
Trimbos Institute, Netherlands Institute of Mental Health and Addiction, PO Box 725, Utrecht, AS 3500, The Netherlands.|Department of Psychology, Centre for eHealth and Well-being Research, Health and Technology, University of Twente, PO Box 217, Enschede, AE 7500, The Netherlands.
Marijke
M
Schotanus-Dijkstra
Trimbos Institute, Netherlands Institute of Mental Health and Addiction, PO Box 725, Utrecht, AS 3500, The Netherlands.
Margreet
M
Ten Have
Department of Psychology, Centre for eHealth and Well-being Research, Health and Technology, University of Twente, PO Box 217, Enschede, AE 7500, The Netherlands.|Department of the Elderly, GGNet, PO Box 928, Apeldoorn, BD 7300, The Netherlands.
Sanne M A
SMA
Lamers
Trimbos Institute, Netherlands Institute of Mental Health and Addiction, PO Box 725, Utrecht, AS 3500, The Netherlands.
Ron
R
de Graaf
Department of Psychology, Centre for eHealth and Well-being Research, Health and Technology, University of Twente, PO Box 217, Enschede, AE 7500, The Netherlands.
Ernst T
ET
Bohlmeijer
D000328:Adult; D001008:Anxiety Disorders / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000209:etiology; D000066498:Emotional Adjustment; D005260:Female; D006240:Happiness; D006801:Humans; D015994:Incidence; D008137:Longitudinal Studies; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D019964:Mood Disorders / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000209:etiology; D009426:Netherlands / Q000453:epidemiology; D010549:Personal Satisfaction; D012008:Recurrence; D019966:Substance-Related Disorders / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000209:etiology; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D055815:Young Adult