Relational victimization and depressive symptoms: The role of autonomic nervous system reactivity in emerging adults.
The goal of the current study was to investigate the association between relational victimization, defined as being the target of aggressive acts that damage relationships (e.g., gossip, social exclusion) and depressive symptoms during the relatively understudied developmental period of emerging adulthood. In addition, as individual differences in stress reactivity may influence the outcomes associated with victimization by peers, the moderating roles of sympathetic nervous system (SNS; as measured by skin conductance reactivity) and parasympathetic nervous system (PNS; as measured by respiratory sinus arrhythmia) reactivity to social and non-social stressors were examined. Findings indicated that relational victimization was positively related to depressive symptoms in individuals demonstrating coactivation (i.e., high SNS and PNS reactivity) and coinhibition (blunted SNS and PNS reactivity) to both social and non-social stressor tasks. These patterns may reflect a breakdown of regulation in the body's physiological response to stress, thus increasing risk for depressive symptoms in the context of peer stress. Findings highlight potential areas for future interventions.
Department of Psychological Science, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT, United States. Electronic address: lholterm@uvm.edu.
Leigh Ann
LA
Holterman
Department of Psychological Science, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT, United States. Electronic address: dmurrayc@uvm.edu.
Dianna K
DK
Murray-Close
Department of Psychological Science, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT, United States. Electronic address: nlafko@uvm.edu.
Nicole L
NL
Breslend
D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D019548:Crime Victims / Q000523:psychology*; D003863:Depression / Q000503:physiopathology*; D005260:Female; D005712:Galvanic Skin Response / Q000502:physiology*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D010275:Parasympathetic Nervous System / Q000503:physiopathology*; D010379:Peer Group; D065809:Respiratory Sinus Arrhythmia / Q000502:physiology*; D013315:Stress, Psychological / Q000503:physiopathology*; D013564:Sympathetic Nervous System / Q000503:physiopathology*; D055815:Young Adult
Autonomic nervous system reactivity; Coactivation; Coinhibition; Depressive symptoms; Emerging adults; Relational victimization