Effects of clary sage oil and its main components, linalool and linalyl acetate, on the plasma membrane of Candida albicans: an in vivo EPR study.
The effects of clary sage (Salvia sclarea L.) oil (CS-oil), and its two main components, linalool (Lol) and linalyl acetate (LA), on cells of the eukaryotic human pathogen yeast Candida albicans were studied. Dynamic and thermodynamic properties of the plasma membrane were investigated by electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) spectroscopy, with 5-doxylstearic acid (5-SASL) and 16-SASL as spin labels. The monitoring of the head group regions with 5-SASL revealed break-point frequency decrease in a temperature dependent manner of the plasma membrane between 9.55 and 13.15 °C in untreated, in CS-oil-, Lol- and LA-treated membranes. The results suggest a significant increase in fluidity of the treated plasma membranes close to the head groups. Comparison of the results observed with the two spin labels demonstrated that CS-oil and LA induced an increased level of fluidization at both depths of the plasma membrane. Whereas Lol treatment induced a less (1 %) ordered bilayer organization in the superficial regions and an increased (10 %) order of the membrane leaflet in deeper layers. Acute toxicity tests and EPR results indicated that both the apoptotic and the effects exerted on the plasma membrane fluidity depended on the composition and chemical structure of the examined materials. In comparison with the control, treatment with CS-oil, Lol or LA induced 13.0, 12.3 and 26.4 % loss respectively, of the metabolites absorbing at 260 nm, as a biological consequence of the plasma membrane fluidizing effects. Our results confirmed that clary sage oil causes plasma membrane perturbations which leads to cell apoptosis process.
Institute of Bioanalysis, Faculty of Medicine, University of Pécs, Szigeti út 12, Pécs, 7624, Hungary. agnesblasko@hotmail.com.
Ágnes
Á
Blaskó
Department of General and Environmental Microbiology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary.
Zoltán
Z
Gazdag
Institute of Biophysics and Radiation Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary.
Pál
P
Gróf
Department of General and Environmental Microbiology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary.
Gábor
G
Máté
Department of Medical and Aromatic Plants, Faculty of Horticultural Sciences, Corvinus University of Budapest, Budapest, Hungary.
Szilvia
S
Sárosi
Institute of Food Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary.
Judit
J
Krisch
Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Sciences and Informatics, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary.
Csaba
C
Vágvölgyi
Institute of Bioanalysis, Faculty of Medicine, University of Pécs, Szigeti út 12, Pécs, 7624, Hungary.
Lilla
L
Makszin
Department of General and Environmental Microbiology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary.
Miklós
M
Pesti
D000080462:Acyclic Monoterpenes; D000935:Antifungal Agents / Q000494:pharmacology; D017209:Apoptosis / Q000187:drug effects / Q000235:genetics*; D002176:Candida albicans / Q000187:drug effects / Q000235:genetics*; D002462:Cell Membrane / Q000187:drug effects / Q000235:genetics*; D004578:Electron Spin Resonance Spectroscopy; D008560:Membrane Fluidity / Q000187:drug effects; D039821:Monoterpenes / Q000494:pharmacology; D010938:Plant Oils / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology; D027544:Salvia / Q000737:chemistry; D013113:Spin Labels
D000080462:Acyclic Monoterpenes; D000935:Antifungal Agents; D039821:Monoterpenes; D010938:Plant Oils; D013113:Spin Labels; C074463:linalyl acetate; C018584:linalool
Candida albicans; Clary sage; Linalool; Linalyl acetate; Phase-transition temperature; Plasma membrane