CDK4 in lung, and head and neck cancers in old age: evaluation as a biomarker.
BACKGROUND
Cyclin dependent kinases (CDK) are key factors in promoting the initiation and development of tumors. These kinases are important for maintenance of mitochondrial biogenesis and imbalance in their expression in old age may lead to the oxidative stress. Lung cancer (LC), and head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) are two very prominent cancers in older Indians. Both the cancers are showing increasing trend in older population. The present study assessed serum concentration of one of the kinases; CDK4 in older LC and HNSCC patients.


METHODS
The study included 100 subjects each of LC and HNSCC; and older subjects without cancer or any major health problems as controls. Serum CDK4 concentration was estimated using real-time label-free Surface plasmon resonance (SPR) and was verified by western blot.


RESULTS
Significant elevation in serum CDK4 was observed in cases with LC and HNSCC compared to controls. HNSCC patients with higher CDK4 expression had distinctly shorter survival than patients with comparatively lower CDK4 expression. No such difference was observed in LC patients. The germ line mutation study of this gene in Exon-2 was performed and none was observed among cases and controls.


CONCLUSIONS
It can be concluded that older patients with HNSCC and lung cancer have raised serums CDK4 levels, which has the potential to emerge as a biomarker in clinical practice.
Department of Geriatric Medicine, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Ansari Nagar, New Delhi, 110029, India.
J
J
Banerjee
Department of Geriatric Medicine, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Ansari Nagar, New Delhi, 110029, India.
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Pradhan
Department of Biophysics, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Ansari Nagar, New Delhi, 110029, India.
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A
Gupta
Department of Biophysics, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Ansari Nagar, New Delhi, 110029, India.
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R
Kumar
Department of Biophysics, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Ansari Nagar, New Delhi, 110029, India.
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V
Sahu
Department of Biostatistics, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India.
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AD
Upadhyay
Department of Geriatric Medicine, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Ansari Nagar, New Delhi, 110029, India.
P
P
Chaterjee
Department of Biostatistics, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India.
S
S
Dwivedi
Department of Biophysics, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Ansari Nagar, New Delhi, 110029, India. sharmistha_d@hotmail.com.
S
S
Dey
Department of Geriatric Medicine, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Ansari Nagar, New Delhi, 110029, India. abdey@hotmail.com.
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Dey
D000368:Aged; D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor / Q000097:blood*; D015153:Blotting, Western; D002294:Carcinoma, Squamous Cell / Q000097:blood* / Q000401:mortality / Q000473:pathology; D051358:Cyclin-Dependent Kinase 4 / Q000097:blood*; D005260:Female; D006258:Head and Neck Neoplasms / Q000097:blood* / Q000401:mortality / Q000473:pathology; D006801:Humans; D008175:Lung Neoplasms / Q000097:blood* / Q000401:mortality / Q000473:pathology; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D016133:Polymerase Chain Reaction; D000077195:Squamous Cell Carcinoma of Head and Neck; D020349:Surface Plasmon Resonance
D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor; C495900:CDK4 protein, human; D051358:Cyclin-Dependent Kinase 4
Cyclin-dependent kinase 4; Head and neck squamous cell carcinoma; Lung cancer; Surface plasmon resonance