title: Good Science, Good Sense and Good Sensibilities: The Three Ss of Carol Newton.
abstract: The Three Rs principle of Replacement, Reduction and Refinement developed by William M. S. Russell and Rex L. Burch in the 1950s has achieved worldwide recognition as a means of reducing the impact of science on animals and improving their welfare. However, application of the Three Rs is still far from universal, and evidence-based methods to implement the Three Rs are still lacking in many areas of laboratory animal science. The purpose of this paper is to create interest in a less well-known but equally useful principle that complements the Three Rs, which was proposed by the American biomathematician Carol M. Newton in the 1970s: the Three Ss-Good Science, Good Sense and Good Sensibilities.
authors.affiliation: Norecopa, c/o Norwegian Veterinary Institute, P.O. Box 750 Sentrum, Oslo 0106, Norway. adrian.smith@norecopa.no.
authors.forename: Adrian J
authors.initials: AJ
authors.lastname: Smith
authors.affiliation: Science Group, Research Animals Department, RSPCA, Wilberforce Way, Southwater, West Sussex RH13 9RS, UK. penny.hawkins@rspca.org.uk.
authors.forename: Penny
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Hawkins
keywords: Carol Newton; Good Science; Good Sense; Good Sensibilities; Three Rs; Three Ss