title: Evaluating the risk of hypertension according to the metabolic health status stratified by degree of obesity.
abstract: Despite the accumulated evidence showing the significant association between hypertension and obesity, it remains unclear how metabolic healthy status of obesity have an impact on the development of hypertension. Thus, this study was to investigate the risk of hypertension according to the metabolic healthy status stratified by the degree of obesity. A cohort of 25,442 Korean men without hypertension at baseline was followed-up from 2005 to 2010. They were divided into the following 6 phenotypes according to their baseline metabolic health and obesity status: metabolically healthy normal weight (MH-NW), metabolically healthy overweight (MH-OW), metabolically healthy obese (MHO), metabolically unhealthy normal weight (MU-NW), metabolically unhealthy overweight (MU-OW), and metabolically unhealthy obese (MUO). Cox proportional hazard model was used to evaluate the risk for hypertension according to the metabolically healthy status stratified by degree of obesity. During 91,256.4 person-years of follow-up, 4633 participants (18.2%) developed hypertension. The adjusted hazard ratios (95% confidence intervals) for hypertension in MH-OW, MHO, MU-NW, MU-OW, and MUO phenotypes compared with MH-NW phenotype were 1.13 (1.04-1.23), 1.43 (1.15-1.69), 1.17 (1.02-1.34), 1.49 (1.27-1.72), and 1.54 (1.36-1.88), respectively. The interaction between metabolically healthy status and degree of obesity was not significant (P for interaction = .29). Compared with MH-NW, both the obese phenotype and metabolically unhealthy phenotype independently had an increased risk for hypertension. These results imply that both metabolic health status and obesity status play important roles independently in the risk of hypertension in Korean men.
authors.affiliation: Department of Preventive Medicine, School of Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Korea.
authors.forename: Jae-Hong
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Ryoo
authors.affiliation: Department of Internal Medicine, Center for Cohort Studies, Total Healthcare Center, Kangbuk Samsung Hospital, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea. Electronic address: kkkmin7@hotmail.com.
authors.forename: Sung Keun
authors.initials: SK
authors.lastname: Park
authors.affiliation: Department of Preventive Medicine, Korea Central Cancer Registry, National Cancer Control Institute, National Cancer Center, Goyang, Korea.
authors.forename: Chang-Mo
authors.initials: CM
authors.lastname: Oh
authors.affiliation: Department of Dermatology, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Kangbuk Samsung Hospital, Seoul, Korea.
authors.forename: Young-Jun
authors.initials: YJ
authors.lastname: Choi
authors.affiliation: Department of Industrial Design, College of Arts, Chonbuk National University, Jeollabuk-do, Korea.
authors.forename: Ju Youn
authors.initials: JY
authors.lastname: Chung
authors.affiliation: Department of Physical Education, Graduate School, Sangji University, Wonju, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Woo Taek
authors.initials: WT
authors.lastname: Ham
authors.affiliation: Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul Paik Hospital, Inje University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.
authors.forename: Taegi
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Jung
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D015992:Body Mass Index; D015331:Cohort Studies; D054624:Health Status Disparities; D006801:Humans; D006973:Hypertension / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000378:metabolism; D063826:Kosovo / Q000453:epidemiology; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009765:Obesity / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000378:metabolism; D016016:Proportional Hazards Models; D011446:Prospective Studies; D018570:Risk Assessment / Q000379:methods; D012720:Severity of Illness Index; D013223:Statistics as Topic
keywords: Hypertension; metabolic syndrome; obesity