title: Gain in Insurance Coverage and Residual Uninsurance Under the Affordable Care Act: Texas, 2013-2016.
abstract: To examine the effects of the Affordable Care Act's (ACA's) Marketplace on Texas residents and determine which population subgroups benefited the most and which the least.
  
  
  
  We analyzed insurance coverage rates among nonelderly Texas adults using the Health Reform Monitoring Survey-Texas from September 2013, just before the first open enrollment period in the Marketplace, through March 2016.
  
  
  
  Texas has experienced a roughly 6-percentage-point increase in insurance coverage (from 74.7% to 80.6%; P = .012) after implementation of the major insurance provisions of the ACA. The 4 subgroups with the largest increases in adjusted insurance coverage between 2013 and 2016 were persons aged 50 to 64 years (12.1 percentage points; P = .002), Hispanics (10.9 percentage points; P = .002), persons reporting fair or poor health status (10.2 percentage points; P = .038), and those with a high school diploma as their highest educational attainment (9.2 percentage points; P = .023).
  
  
  
  Many population subgroups have benefited from the ACA's Marketplace, but approximately 3 million Texas residents still lack health coverage. Adopting the ACA's Medicaid expansion is a means to address the lack of coverage.
authors.affiliation: Stephen Pickett is with the Department of Economics, Rice University, Houston, TX. Elena Marks is with the Episcopal Health Foundation, Houston, and the Baker Institute for Public Policy, Rice University. Vivian Ho is with the Baker Institute for Public Policy and the Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston.
authors.forename: Stephen
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Pickett
authors.affiliation: Stephen Pickett is with the Department of Economics, Rice University, Houston, TX. Elena Marks is with the Episcopal Health Foundation, Houston, and the Baker Institute for Public Policy, Rice University. Vivian Ho is with the Baker Institute for Public Policy and the Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston.
authors.forename: Elena
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Marks
authors.affiliation: Stephen Pickett is with the Department of Economics, Rice University, Houston, TX. Elena Marks is with the Episcopal Health Foundation, Houston, and the Baker Institute for Public Policy, Rice University. Vivian Ho is with the Baker Institute for Public Policy and the Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston.
authors.forename: Vivian
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Ho
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D019458:Insurance Coverage / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D008297:Male; D008484:Medicaid / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D017057:Medically Uninsured / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D008875:Middle Aged; D058991:Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D013781:Texas; D014481:United States