title: Change in the vertical dimension of Class II Division 1 patients after use of cervical or high-pull headgear.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The goals of this study were to compare the effects that cervical and high-pull headgear have on the vertical dimensions in Class II Division 1 patients during phase 1 treatment and to compare these effects with untreated predicted growth for the sample population.
  
  
  METHODS
  Pretreatment and posttreatment cephalometric radiographs of children who had undergone Class II Division 1 correction with cervical (n = 22) or high-pull headgear (n = 19) were analyzed for the measurements that describe the changes in the vertical component of growth and mandibular position. The groups were matched for age (mean, 9 ± 2.5 years), treatment time (mean, 14 months), malocclusion, and similar skeletal features. The groups were compared with each other and also with an untreated growth model.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Treatment with cervical headgear resulted in smaller increases in measurements that describe the vertical dimension than with high-pull headgear. Cervical headgear showed more favorable changes in mandibular growth that were statistically significant when compared with the untreated growth models.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In this study, the cervical headgear showed more control over the vertical dimension and produced more favorable changes in mandibular position by normalizing the occlusal plane. Compared with the untreated growth model, cervical headgear worked synergistically with growth to produce more optimal changes in mandibular position.
authors.affiliation: Private practice, Louisville, Ky.
authors.forename: Erin Dobbins
authors.initials: ED
authors.lastname: Zervas
authors.affiliation: Assistant professor, Department of Orthodontics, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Ill.
authors.forename: Maria Therese S
authors.initials: MT
authors.lastname: Galang-Boquiren
authors.affiliation: Associate professor, Department of Restorative Dentistry, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Ill.
authors.forename: Ales
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Obrez
authors.affiliation: Statistician, Department of Orthodontics, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Ill.
authors.forename: Maria Grace
authors.initials: MG
authors.lastname: Costa Viana
authors.affiliation: Adjunct faculty, Department of Orthodontics, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Ill; Private practice, Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil.
authors.forename: Nelson
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Oppermann
authors.affiliation: Adjunct faculty, Department of Orthodontics, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Ill; Faculty, University São Leopoldo Mandic, Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil.
authors.forename: Flavio
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Sanchez
authors.affiliation: Faculty, Department of Orthodontics, Universidad Central de Venezuela, Caracas, Venezuela.
authors.forename: Enrique Garcia
authors.initials: EG
authors.lastname: Romero
authors.affiliation: Associate professor, Department of Orthodontics, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Ill. Electronic address: bkusno1@uic.edu.
authors.forename: Budi
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Kusnoto
mesh_terms: D002508:Cephalometry; D002648:Child; D005115:Extraoral Traction Appliances; D006801:Humans; D008312:Malocclusion, Angle Class II / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000628:therapy; D014087:Tooth Movement Techniques / Q000379:methods*