title: Long-term outcomes of a phase II trial of moderate hypofractionated image-guided intensity modulated radiotherapy (IG-IMRT) for localized prostate cancer.
abstract: To evaluate long-term radiation toxicity and biochemical control of two moderately hypofractionated radiotherapy regimens for prostate cancer.
  
  
  
  Eligible men with localized prostate cancer received image-guided intensity modulated radiotherapy (IG-IMRT) to a dose of 60 or 66Gy in 3Gy fractions in a phase II trial. Endpoints included late gastrointestinal (GI) and genitourinary (GU) toxicity and biochemical failure (FFBF).
  
  
  
  Ninety-six men received 60Gy and 27 received 66Gy. Accrual to the 66Gy cohort terminated early due to excessive Grade 3-4 late toxicity. Median follow-up was 128months (60Gy) and 108months (66Gy). In the 60Gy cohort, cumulative late Grade ⩾2 GI and GU toxicity at 8years was 4% and 12% respectively. In the 66Gy cohort, late Grade ⩾2 GI and GU toxicity was 21% and 4% respectively at 8years. The 5- and 8-year FFBF for 60Gy was 81% and 66%, and for 66Gy was 88% and 80%.
  
  
  
  Moderate hypofractionation with IG-IMRT to 60Gy was associated with favorable late toxicity although late urinary toxicity and biochemical failures were observed beyond 5years. Dose escalation to 66Gy was associated with significantly worse late toxicity.
authors.affiliation: Radiation Medicine Program, Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, Canada; University of Toronto, Department of Radiation Oncology, Canada.
authors.forename: Hester
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Lieng
authors.affiliation: Biostatistics, Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, Canada.
authors.forename: Melania
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Pintilie
authors.affiliation: Radiation Medicine Program, Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, Canada; University of Toronto, Department of Radiation Oncology, Canada.
authors.forename: Andrew
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Bayley
authors.affiliation: Radiation Medicine Program, Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, Canada; University of Toronto, Department of Radiation Oncology, Canada.
authors.forename: Alejandro
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Berlin
authors.affiliation: Radiation Medicine Program, Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, Canada; University of Toronto, Department of Radiation Oncology, Canada.
authors.forename: Robert
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Bristow
authors.affiliation: Radiation Medicine Program, Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, Canada; University of Toronto, Department of Radiation Oncology, Canada.
authors.forename: Peter
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Chung
authors.affiliation: Radiation Medicine Program, Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, Canada; University of Toronto, Department of Radiation Oncology, Canada.
authors.forename: Mary
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Gospodarowicz
authors.affiliation: Radiation Medicine Program, Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, Canada; University of Toronto, Department of Radiation Oncology, Canada; Department of Radiation Oncology, Waikato Hospital, Hamilton, New Zealand.
authors.forename: Roger
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Huang
authors.affiliation: Radiation Medicine Program, Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, Canada; University of Toronto, Department of Radiation Oncology, Canada; CHUM, Hôpital Notre-Dame, Montreal, Canada.
authors.forename: Cynthia
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Ménard
authors.affiliation: Radiation Medicine Program, Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, Canada; University of Toronto, Department of Radiation Oncology, Canada.
authors.forename: Padraig
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Warde
authors.affiliation: Radiation Medicine Program, Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, Canada; University of Toronto, Department of Radiation Oncology, Canada. Electronic address: charles.catton@rmp.uhn.ca.
authors.forename: Charles
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Catton
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D019583:Dose Fractionation, Radiation; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011446:Prospective Studies; D011471:Prostatic Neoplasms / Q000532:radiotherapy*; D000069473:Radiation Dose Hypofractionation; D011832:Radiation Injuries / Q000517:prevention & control; D061089:Radiotherapy, Image-Guided / Q000379:methods*; D050397:Radiotherapy, Intensity-Modulated / Q000379:methods*; D013995:Time; D016896:Treatment Outcome
keywords: Hypofractionation; Late toxicity; Outcomes; Prostate cancer; Radiotherapy