title: Infants' Social Experiences in Three African Sociocultural Contexts.
abstract: This study introduces a peri-urban context of poverty to the study of child development in Africa in contrast to the more typical assessments in middle-class and rural contexts. Spot observations were used to assess universal caregiving behaviors toward seventy-six 3-month-old infants. Results show that middle-class infants experienced distal parenting behaviors instantiated by mothers, whereas rural children experienced proximal parenting practices in interactions with others. Infants growing up in poverty had mothers and other caretakers involved at mostly low levels. They experienced low levels of body contact, body stimulation, and object stimulation, and high levels of face-to-face positions. The study indicates that caregiving in the context of poverty does not necessarily follow familiar pathways and needs to be contextualized accordingly.
authors.affiliation: The Hebrew University of Jerusalem.
authors.forename: Hiltrud W R
authors.initials: HWR
authors.lastname: Otto
authors.affiliation: Stellenbosch University.
authors.forename: Nicole
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Schuitmaker
authors.affiliation: University of Osnabrueck.
authors.forename: Bettina
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Lamm
authors.affiliation: Max Planck Institute for Ornithology.
authors.forename: Monika
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Abels
authors.affiliation: The Hebrew University of Jerusalem.
authors.forename: Yan
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Serdtse
authors.affiliation: University of Osnabrueck.
authors.forename: Relindis
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Yovsi
authors.affiliation: Stellenbosch University.
authors.forename: Mark
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Tomlinson
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D002163:Cameroon / Q000208:ethnology; D002657:Child Development; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D008297:Male; D008425:Maternal Behavior / Q000208:ethnology*; D016487:Parenting / Q000208:ethnology*; D011203:Poverty / Q000208:ethnology*; D012424:Rural Population; D012923:Social Class; D013019:South Africa / Q000208:ethnology; D055815:Young Adult