title: The Cartography of UV-induced DNA Damage Formation and DNA Repair.
abstract: DNA damage presents a barrier to DNA-templated biochemical processes, including gene expression and faithful DNA replication. Compromised DNA repair leads to mutations, enhancing the risk for genetic diseases and cancer development. Conventional experimental approaches to study DNA damage required a researcher to choose between measuring bulk damage over the entire genome, with little or no resolution regarding a specific location, and obtaining data specific to a locus of interest, without a global perspective. Recent advances in high-throughput genomic tools overcame these limitations and provide high-resolution measurements simultaneously across the genome. In this review, we discuss the available methods for measuring DNA damage and their repair, focusing on genomewide assays for pyrimidine photodimers, the major types of damage induced by ultraviolet irradiation. These new genomic assays will be a powerful tool in identifying key components of genome stability and carcinogenesis.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, NC.
authors.forename: Jinchuan
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Hu
authors.affiliation: Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, NC.
authors.forename: Sheera
authors.identifier: 0000-0002-9767-3740
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Adar
mesh_terms: D004247:DNA / Q000528:radiation effects*; D004249:DNA Damage; D004260:DNA Repair; D015894:Genome, Human; D042822:Genomic Instability; D006801:Humans; D014466:Ultraviolet Rays
chemical_list: D004247:DNA