title: High cord blood CCL22/CXCL10 chemokine ratios precede allergic sensitization in early childhood.
abstract: Atopic diseases are known to be characterized by a T helper (Th) 2-skewed immunity; however, there are few studies addressing the Th1/Th2 immunity at birth related to the development of atopic diseases in early childhood. We investigated 186 children followed up regularly at the clinic for 4 years in a birth cohort study. The Th1-associated CXC chemokine ligand (CXCL)-10, CXCL11, and the Th2-associated CC chemokine ligand (CCL)-17 and CCL22 were quantified in cord blood by multiplex Luminex kits. Specific immunoglobulin E antibodies against food and inhalant allergens were measured at 6 months as well as 1, 1.5, 2, 3, and 4 years of age. Cord blood CCL22 levels were positively associated with IgE sensitization at age 2, whereas cord blood CXCL10 levels were negatively associated with mite sensitization at age 3. Furthermore, a high cord blood CCL22/CXCL10 chemokine ratio was significantly associated with a higher risk of allergic sensitization at age 3 (OR, 1.02; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.005-1.039; P = 0.012). However, cord blood Th1- and Th2-associated chemokines and their ratios were not associated with atopic diseases at different age. Our study indicates that a Th2-skewed immunity at birth may increase risk of allergic sensitization but not of allergic outcomes later in life.
authors.affiliation: Division of Allergy, Asthma and Rheumatology, Department of Pediatrics, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Taoyuan, Taiwan.|Community Medicine Research Centre, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Keelung, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Kuo-Wei
authors.initials: KW
authors.lastname: Yeh
authors.affiliation: Community Medicine Research Centre, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Keelung, Taiwan.|Department of Pediatrics, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital at Keelung and Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Taoyuan, Taiwan.|Division of Pediatric Pulmonology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Chih-Yung
authors.initials: CY
authors.lastname: Chiu
authors.affiliation: Community Medicine Research Centre, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Keelung, Taiwan.|Department of Pediatrics, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital at Keelung and Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Taoyuan, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Kuan-Wen
authors.initials: KW
authors.lastname: Su
authors.affiliation: Community Medicine Research Centre, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Keelung, Taiwan.|Department of Pediatrics, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital at Keelung and Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Taoyuan, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Ming-Han
authors.initials: MH
authors.lastname: Tsai
authors.affiliation: Community Medicine Research Centre, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Keelung, Taiwan.|Department of Pediatrics, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital at Keelung and Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Taoyuan, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Man-Chin
authors.initials: MC
authors.lastname: Hua
authors.affiliation: Community Medicine Research Centre, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Keelung, Taiwan.|Department of Pediatrics, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital at Keelung and Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Taoyuan, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Sui-Ling
authors.initials: SL
authors.lastname: Liao
authors.affiliation: Community Medicine Research Centre, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Keelung, Taiwan.|Division of Pediatric Pulmonology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Shen-Hao
authors.initials: SH
authors.lastname: Lai
authors.affiliation: Division of Allergy, Asthma and Rheumatology, Department of Pediatrics, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Taoyuan, Taiwan.|Community Medicine Research Centre, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Keelung, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Li-Chen
authors.initials: LC
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.affiliation: Division of Allergy, Asthma and Rheumatology, Department of Pediatrics, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Taoyuan, Taiwan.|Community Medicine Research Centre, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Keelung, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Tsung-Chieh
authors.initials: TC
authors.lastname: Yao
authors.affiliation: Division of Allergy, Asthma and Rheumatology, Department of Pediatrics, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Taoyuan, Taiwan.|Community Medicine Research Centre, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Keelung, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Jing-Long
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: Huang
mesh_terms: D000367:Age Factors; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000097:blood; D054414:Chemokine CCL17 / Q000097:blood / Q000276:immunology; D054422:Chemokine CCL22 / Q000097:blood / Q000276:immunology*; D054357:Chemokine CXCL10 / Q000097:blood / Q000276:immunology*; D054371:Chemokine CXCL11 / Q000097:blood / Q000276:immunology; D002675:Child, Preschool; D003876:Dermatitis, Atopic / Q000097:blood / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000276:immunology*; D005312:Fetal Blood / Q000276:immunology*; D005512:Food Hypersensitivity / Q000097:blood / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000276:immunology*; D006801:Humans; D007073:Immunoglobulin E / Q000097:blood / Q000276:immunology; D007223:Infant; D016015:Logistic Models; D008137:Longitudinal Studies; D016017:Odds Ratio; D012130:Respiratory Hypersensitivity / Q000097:blood / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000276:immunology*; D012307:Risk Factors; D018417:Th1 Cells / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism; D058408:Th1-Th2 Balance; D018418:Th2 Cells / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism; D013997:Time Factors
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; C106230:CCL17 protein, human; C515482:CCL22 protein, human; C114753:CXCL10 protein, human; C515202:CXCL11 protein, human; D054414:Chemokine CCL17; D054422:Chemokine CCL22; D054357:Chemokine CXCL10; D054371:Chemokine CXCL11; D007073:Immunoglobulin E
keywords: CCL22; CXCL10; Immune response; Immunity; Immunology and Microbiology Section; allergic sensitization; atopic diseases; cord blood