title: Genome-wide Association Mapping of Cold Tolerance Genes at the Seedling Stage in Rice.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Rice is a temperature-sensitive crop and its production is severely affected by low temperature in temperate and sub-tropical regions. To understand the genetic basis of cold tolerance in rice, we evaluated the cold tolerance at the seedling stage (CTS) of 295 rice cultivars in the rice diversity panel 1 (RDP1), these cultivars were collected from 82 countries.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The evaluations revealed that both temperate and tropical japonica rice cultivars are more tolerant to cold stress than indica and AUS cultivars. Using the cold tolerance phenotypes and 44 K SNP chip dataset of RDP1, we performed genome-wide association mapping of quantitative trait loci (QTLs) for CTS. The analysis identified 67 QTLs for CTS that are located on 11 chromosomes. Fifty-six of these QTLs are located in regions without known cold tolerance-related QTLs.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our study has provided new information on the genetic architecture of rice cold tolerance and has also identified highly cold tolerant cultivars and CTS-associated SNP markers that will be useful rice improvement.
authors.affiliation: Southern Regional Collaborative Innovation Center for Grain and Oil Crops in China and College of Agronomy, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, Hunan, 410128, China.
authors.forename: Dan
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: Southern Regional Collaborative Innovation Center for Grain and Oil Crops in China and College of Agronomy, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, Hunan, 410128, China.
authors.forename: Jinling
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.affiliation: Institute of Plant Protection, Hunan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changsha, Hunan, 410128, China.
authors.forename: Chengang
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100193, China.
authors.forename: Houxiang
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Kang
authors.affiliation: Southern Regional Collaborative Innovation Center for Grain and Oil Crops in China and College of Agronomy, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, Hunan, 410128, China.
authors.forename: Yue
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: Institute of Plant Protection, Hunan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changsha, Hunan, 410128, China.
authors.forename: Xinqiu
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Tan
authors.affiliation: Southern Regional Collaborative Innovation Center for Grain and Oil Crops in China and College of Agronomy, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, Hunan, 410128, China.
authors.forename: Minghao
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.affiliation: Southern Regional Collaborative Innovation Center for Grain and Oil Crops in China and College of Agronomy, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, Hunan, 410128, China.
authors.forename: Yufei
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Deng
authors.affiliation: Southern Regional Collaborative Innovation Center for Grain and Oil Crops in China and College of Agronomy, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, Hunan, 410128, China.
authors.forename: Zhilong
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: Institute of Plant Protection, Hunan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changsha, Hunan, 410128, China.
authors.forename: Yong
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.affiliation: Institute of Plant Protection, Hunan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changsha, Hunan, 410128, China.
authors.forename: Deyong
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: Southern Regional Collaborative Innovation Center for Grain and Oil Crops in China and College of Agronomy, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, Hunan, 410128, China. xiaoyh@hunau.edu.cn.
authors.forename: Yinghui
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Xiao
authors.affiliation: Southern Regional Collaborative Innovation Center for Grain and Oil Crops in China and College of Agronomy, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, Hunan, 410128, China. wang.620@osu.edu.|Department of Plant Pathology, Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA. wang.620@osu.edu.
authors.forename: Guo-Liang
authors.identifier: http://orcid.org/0000-0001-8877-3064
authors.initials: GL
authors.lastname: Wang
keywords: Cold tolerance; GWAS; Oryza sativa; Quantitative trait locus (QTL)