title: Racial and Ethnic Disparities in Infant Mortality in North Carolina, 2008-2009.
abstract: This study was designed to investigate whether racial and ethnic disparities in infant mortality still exist in North Carolina and to examine predictors of infant mortality using the North Carolina Vital Statistics Dataverse.
  
  
  
  This was a retrospective, cross-sectional, observational study that included all 257,543 births in North Carolina in 2008-2009. Infant mortality was assessed based on birth records included in the database. Infant births and deaths were summarized by demographic and maternal/infant characteristics. A multivariate logistic regression model was constructed to jointly assess predictors of infant mortality.
  
  
  
  The overall infant mortality rate in North Carolina was 0.8%. Adjusting for confounders through the construction and assessment of a multivariate logistic regression model, statistically significant associations were found between infant mortality and each of the following: maternal race (both black and 'other' versus white), infant sex, both premature and preterm gestation (versus full term), birth weight (both low and high versus normal), maternal education (both less than high school graduate and more than high school versus college graduate), prenatal care (both intermediate and inadequate versus adequate), and maternal tobacco use.
  
  
  
  Maternal race was limited to white, black, and other. Data on socioeconomic status, maternal medical risk factors, and quality of prenatal care were not available. At the time of the analysis, data for years beyond 2009 were limited.
  
  
  
  Racial disparities in infant mortality persist in North Carolina; specifically, infants of nonwhite mothers have a higher mortality rate than do infants of white mothers. Other factors that continue to play a significant role in infant mortality in North Carolina include preterm and premature births, male infant sex, low birth weight, maternal education less than college graduate, maternal tobacco use, and less than adequate prenatal care.
authors.affiliation: assistant professor, Department of Clinical Research, Campbell University College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, Buies Creek, North Carolina hollandm@campbell.edu.
authors.forename: Melissa A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Holland
authors.affiliation: adjunct assistant professor, Department of Clinical Research, Campbell University College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, Buies Creek, North Carolina.
authors.forename: Mary L
authors.initials: ML
authors.lastname: Young
authors.affiliation: assistant professor, Department of Clinical Research, Campbell University College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, Buies Creek, North Carolina.
authors.forename: Michael R
authors.initials: MR
authors.lastname: Jiroutek
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001719:Birth Certificates; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D003710:Demography; D005006:Ethnicity; D005260:Female; D054625:Healthcare Disparities / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D007226:Infant Mortality; D007230:Infant, Low Birth Weight; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D008297:Male; D009035:Mothers / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D009657:North Carolina / Q000453:epidemiology; D011247:Pregnancy; D047928:Premature Birth / Q000208:ethnology*; D044469:Racial Groups; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012307:Risk Factors; D012959:Socioeconomic Factors