title: Correlates of Helmet Use Among Recreation and Transportation Bicyclists.
abstract: Helmet use prevents injury and mortality if a bicyclist is in a collision while riding. This cross-sectional study sought to identify domain-specific (recreation versus transportation) correlates of helmet use among U.S. adult bicyclists, using nationally representative data from 2012.
  
  
  
  This analysis, conducted in 2015-2016, utilized data from the 2012 National Survey of Bicyclist and Pedestrian Attitudes and Behaviors, administered for the National Highway Traffic Safety Administration. Bivariate logistic regressions identified sociodemographic, behavioral, and environmental correlates of helmet use among U.S. adult bicyclists. Backwards elimination procedures selected final multivariate models for bicyclists' helmet use in both domains.
  
  
  
  Among recreation cyclists, helmet use was significantly associated with income ($30,000-$75,000, OR=1.79, 95% CI=1.04, 3.10; ≥$75,000, OR=2.34, 95% CI=1.38, 3.97), safety training (OR=2.94, 95% CI=1.46, 5.93), not riding at dark (OR=1.92, 95% CI=1.24, 2.98), feeling threatened while riding (OR=2.24, 95% CI=1.12, 4.45), and using bike lanes/paths (OR=2.04, 95% CI=1.42, 2.93). Helmet use among transportation riders was significantly associated with education (less than high school, OR=2.45, 95% CI=1.13, 5.32; post-high school, OR=3.55, 95% CI=1.96, 6.42), income ($30,000-$75,000, OR=2.11, 95% CI=1.17, 3.8; ≥$75,000, OR=2.33, 95% CI=1.26, 4.27), unemployment (OR=0.29, 95% CI=0.11, 0.76), not using electronics while riding (OR=2.3, 95% CI=1.41, 3.75), safety training (OR=3.19, 95% CI=1.44, 7.07), and injury while riding within the past 2 years (OR=2.81, 95% CI=1.14, 6.94).
  
  
  
  Correlates of helmet use among bicyclists are domain specific. Although confirmatory longitudinal studies are needed, findings suggest that interventions to increase bicyclists' helmet use consider riding domain.
authors.affiliation: Department of Epidemiology, Human Genetics, and Environmental Sciences, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, School of Public Health in Austin, Austin, Texas. Electronic address: anna.k.porter@uth.tmc.edu.
authors.forename: Anna K
authors.initials: AK
authors.lastname: Porter
authors.affiliation: Department of Epidemiology, Human Genetics, and Environmental Sciences, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, School of Public Health in Austin, Austin, Texas; Center for Nutrition and Health Science Research, National Institute of Public Health of Mexico, Cuernavaca, Mexico.
authors.forename: Deborah
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Salvo
authors.affiliation: Department of Epidemiology, Human Genetics, and Environmental Sciences, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, School of Public Health in Austin, Austin, Texas; Department of Kinesiology and Health Education, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas.
authors.forename: Harold W
authors.initials: HW
authors.lastname: Kohl Iii
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D001642:Bicycling / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D006260:Head Protective Devices / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D006801:Humans; D008875:Middle Aged; D011998:Recreation; D014186:Transportation; D055815:Young Adult