title: Methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus in Ethiopia: a meta-analysis.
abstract: The burden of methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus is a major public health concern worldwide; however the overall epidemiology of multidrug resistant strains is neither coordinated nor harmonized, particularly in developing countries including Ethiopia. Therefore, the aim of this meta-analysis was to assess the burden of methicillin resistant Staphylococcos aureus and its antibiotic resistance pattern in Ethiopia at large.
  
  
  
  PubMed, Google Scholar, and lancet databases were searched and a total of 20 studies have been selected for meta-analysis. Six authors have independently extracts data on the prevalence of methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus among clinical isolates of Staphylococcus aureus. Statistical analysis was achieved by using Open meta-analyst (version 3.13) and Comprehensive meta-analysis (version 3.3) softwares. The overall prevalence of methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus and its antibiotic resistance pattern were pooled by using the forest plot, table and figure with 95% CI.
  
  
  
  The pooled prevalence of methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus was 32.5% (95% CI, 24.1 to 40.9%). Moreover, methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus strains were found to be highly resistant to penicillin, ampicillin, erythromycin, and amoxicillin, with a pooled resistance ratio of 99.1, 98.1, 97.2 and 97.1%, respectively. On the other hand, comparably low levels of resistance ratio were noted to vancomycin, 5.3%.
  
  
  
  The overall burden of methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus is considerably high, besides these strains showed extreme resistance to penicillin, ampicillin, erythromycin and amoxicillin. In principle, appropriate use of antibiotics, applying safety precautions are the key to reduce the spread of multidrug resistant strains, methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus in particular.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medical Microbiology, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Gondar, P. O. Box: 196, Gondar, Ethiopia. wolet03.2004@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Setegn
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Eshetie
authors.affiliation: Department of Anesthesia, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Bahirdar University, Bahirdar, Ethiopia.
authors.forename: Fentahun
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Tarekegn
authors.affiliation: Department of Medical Microbiology, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Gondar, P. O. Box: 196, Gondar, Ethiopia.
authors.forename: Feleke
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Moges
authors.affiliation: Department of Medical Microbiology, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Gondar, P. O. Box: 196, Gondar, Ethiopia.
authors.forename: Anteneh
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Amsalu
authors.affiliation: Department of Medical Microbiology, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Gondar, P. O. Box: 196, Gondar, Ethiopia.
authors.forename: Wubet
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Birhan
authors.affiliation: Department of Medical Microbiology, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Gondar, P. O. Box: 196, Gondar, Ethiopia.
authors.forename: Kahsay
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Huruy
mesh_terms: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use; D005002:Ethiopia / Q000453:epidemiology; D006801:Humans; D055624:Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus / Q000187:drug effects / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D008826:Microbial Sensitivity Tests; D013203:Staphylococcal Infections / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000382:microbiology*
chemical_list: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents
keywords: Ethiopia; Meta-analysis; Methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus; Systematic review