title: Blood-based biomarkers in Alzheimer disease: Current state of the science and a novel collaborative paradigm for advancing from discovery to clinic.
abstract: The last decade has seen a substantial increase in research focused on the identification of blood-based biomarkers that have utility in Alzheimer's disease (AD). Blood-based biomarkers have significant advantages of being time- and cost-efficient as well as reduced invasiveness and increased patient acceptance. Despite these advantages and increased research efforts, the field has been hampered by lack of reproducibility and an unclear path for moving basic discovery toward clinical utilization. Here we reviewed the recent literature on blood-based biomarkers in AD to provide a current state of the art. In addition, a collaborative model is proposed that leverages academic and industry strengths to facilitate the field in moving past discovery only work and toward clinical use. Key resources are provided. This new public-private partnership model is intended to circumvent the traditional handoff model and provide a clear and useful paradigm for the advancement of biomarker science in AD and other neurodegenerative diseases.
authors.affiliation: Institute for Healthy Aging, University of North Texas Health Science Center, Fort Worth, TX, USA. Electronic address: sid.obryant@unthsc.edu.
authors.forename: Sid E
authors.initials: SE
authors.lastname: O'Bryant
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA; Department of Health Science Research, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA.
authors.forename: Michelle M
authors.initials: MM
authors.lastname: Mielke
authors.affiliation: Alzheimer's Disease Cooperative Study, Department of Neurosciences, UCSD School of Medicine, La Jolla, CA, USA.
authors.forename: Robert A
authors.initials: RA
authors.lastname: Rissman
authors.affiliation: AXA Research Fund and UPMC Chair, Paris, France; Department de Neurologie, Institut de la Memorie et de la Maladie d'Alzheimer (IM2A) et Institut du Cerveau et du la Moelle epiniere (ICM), Hospital de la Pitie-Salpetriere, Sorbonne Universites, Universite Pierre et Marie Curie, Paris, France.
authors.forename: Simone
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Lista
authors.affiliation: ADx NeuroSciences NV, Ghent, Belgium.
authors.forename: Hugo
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Vanderstichele
authors.affiliation: Clinical Neurochemistry Laboratory, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gotenburg, Molndal, Sweden; UCL Institute of Neurology, London, UK.
authors.forename: Henrik
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Zetterberg
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen and Friedrich-Alexander Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany; Department of Neurodegeneration Diagnostics, Medical University of Bialystok, Bialystok, Poland.
authors.forename: Piotr
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Lewczuk
authors.affiliation: Pfizer, Inc., New York, USA.
authors.forename: Holly
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Posner
authors.affiliation: Institute for Healthy Aging, University of North Texas Health Science Center, Fort Worth, TX, USA.
authors.forename: James
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Hall
authors.affiliation: Institute for Healthy Aging, University of North Texas Health Science Center, Fort Worth, TX, USA.
authors.forename: Leigh
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Johnson
authors.affiliation: Johnson & Johnson, London Innovation Center, London, UK.
authors.forename: Yiu-Lian
authors.initials: YL
authors.lastname: Fong
authors.affiliation: Neuroscience Clinical Development, Clinical Neuroscience Eisai, Woodcliff Lake, NJ, USA.
authors.forename: Johan
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Luthman
authors.affiliation: Quanterix Corporation, Lexington, MA, USA.
authors.forename: Andreas
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Jeromin
authors.affiliation: Roche Diagnostics International Ltd., Rotkreuz, Switzerland.
authors.forename: Richard
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Batrla-Utermann
authors.affiliation: Centro de Neurociencias y Unidad de Investigacion Clinica, Instituto de Investigaciones Cientificas y Servicios de Alta Tecnologia (INDICASAT AIP), Ciudad del Saber, Panama, Panama.
authors.forename: Alcibiades
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Villarreal
authors.affiliation: Centro de Neurociencias y Unidad de Investigacion Clinica, Instituto de Investigaciones Cientificas y Servicios de Alta Tecnologia (INDICASAT AIP), Ciudad del Saber, Panama, Panama.
authors.forename: Gabrielle
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Britton
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, Rhode Island Hospital and Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI, USA.
authors.forename: Peter J
authors.initials: PJ
authors.lastname: Snyder
authors.affiliation: Neurodegenerative Diseases, Nordic Bioscience Biomarkers and Research, Herlev, Denmark.
authors.forename: Kim
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Henriksen
authors.affiliation: George and Anne Ryan Institute for Neuroscience, University of Rhode Island, RI, USA.
authors.forename: Paula
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Grammas
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Health, Engineering and Sciences, Center of Excellence for Alzheimer's Disease Research and Care, School of Medical Sciences, Edith Cowan University, Joondalup, WA, Australia.
authors.forename: Veer
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Gupta
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Health, Engineering and Sciences, Center of Excellence for Alzheimer's Disease Research and Care, School of Medical Sciences, Edith Cowan University, Joondalup, WA, Australia.
authors.forename: Ralph
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Martins
authors.affiliation: AXA Research Fund and UPMC Chair, Paris, France; Department de Neurologie, Institut de la Memorie et de la Maladie d'Alzheimer (IM2A) et Institut du Cerveau et du la Moelle epiniere (ICM), Hospital de la Pitie-Salpetriere, Sorbonne Universites, Universite Pierre et Marie Curie, Paris, France.
authors.forename: Harald
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Hampel
mesh_terms: D000544:Alzheimer Disease / Q000097:blood*; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000097:blood*; D003299:Cooperative Behavior; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D055818:Public-Private Sector Partnerships; D015203:Reproducibility of Results
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers
keywords: Alzheimer's disease; Biomarker; Blood; Cerebrospinal fluid; Context of use; Diagnosis; Imaging