title: Agreement and reproducibility of radiological signs in NEC using The Duke Abdominal Assessment Scale (DAAS).
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) is associated with high morbidity and mortality. Abdominal radiography is currently an imaging modality of choice in NEC. Recently, a numeric scale of radiological signs in NEC-The Duke Abdominal Assessment (DAAS) was introduced. The aim of this study was to measure the intra- and inter-observer agreement on the radiological signs of NEC according to DAAS to access the feasibility of this scale.
  
  
  METHODS
  We have retrospectively analyzed 87 radiographs performed in a group of 43 high-risk neonates with suspected NEC. Radiographs were assessed by 6 independent observers: two pediatric radiologists, two radiology residents, and two neonatologists. Data were analyzed using κ statistics as a measure of intra- and inter-observer agreement.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Fair-to-good intra-observer agreement was noted for all but one of observers. However, with the wide range in κ values, we found only fair inter-observer agreement detecting signs of NEC according to DAAS. There was a higher intra-group agreement in radiology practitioners, with the highest among experienced pediatric radiologists.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  However, with high observer variability in interpretation of all radiologic signs, we did not confirm that Duke Abdominal Assessment Scale could reliable facilitate reporting of abdominal radiographic findings in neonates with suspected NEC.
authors.affiliation: II Department of Radiology, Medical University of Gdansk, Gdansk, Poland.
authors.forename: Karolina
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Markiet
authors.affiliation: II Department of Radiology, Medical University of Gdansk, Gdansk, Poland.
authors.forename: Anna
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Szymanska-Dubowik
authors.affiliation: Department of Neonatology, Medical University of Gdansk, Gdansk, Poland.
authors.forename: Iwona
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Janczewska
authors.affiliation: Department of Neonatology, Medical University of Gdansk, Gdansk, Poland.
authors.forename: Iwona
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Domazalska-Popadiuk
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, Medical University of Gdansk, Smoluchowskiego 17, 80-214, Gdansk, Poland.
authors.forename: Anna
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Zawadzka-Kepczynska
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, Medical University of Gdansk, Smoluchowskiego 17, 80-214, Gdansk, Poland. abianek@gumed.edu.pl.
authors.forename: Agnieszka
authors.identifier: http://orcid.org/0000-0001-5573-9310
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Bianek-Bodzak
mesh_terms: D000005:Abdomen / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D003937:Diagnosis, Differential; D020345:Enterocolitis, Necrotizing / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D005240:Feasibility Studies; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D008297:Male; D015588:Observer Variation; D011860:Radiography, Abdominal / Q000379:methods* / Q000592:standards*; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D012189:Retrospective Studies
keywords: Abdominal X-ray; Duke Abdominal Assessment Scale; Interobserver agreement; Intraobserver agreement; NEC