title: Validation of Taiwan Performance-Based Instrumental Activities of Daily Living (TPIADL), a Performance- Based Measurement of Instrumental Activities of Daily Living for Patients with Vascular Cognitive Impairment.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Patients with cerebrovascular diseases often presented both cognitive and physical impairment. Disability in everyday functioning involving cognitive impairment among patients may be hard to completely rely on informants' reports, as their reports may be confounded with physical impairment. The aim of this study was to validate a performance-based measure of functional assessment, the Taiwan Performance-Based Instrumental Activities of Daily Living (TPIADL), for vascular cognitive impairment (VCI) by examining its psychometric properties and diagnostic accuracy.
  
  
  METHODS
  Ninety-seven patients with cerebrovascular diseases, including 30 with vascular dementia (VaD), 28 with mild cognitive impairment and 39 with no cognitive impairment, and 49 healthy control adults were recruited during study period. The TPIADL, as well as the Mini Mental State Examination (MMSE), Lawton-IADL and Barthel Index (BI), were performed. The internal consistency, convergent and criteria validity of the TPIADL were examined.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Cronbach's alpha of the TPIADL test was 0.84. The TPIADL scores were significantly correlated with the Lawton IADL (r = -0.587, p <0.01). Notably, the TPIADL had a higher correlation coefficient with the cognitive domain of Lawton IADL (r = -0.663) than with physical domain of Lawton IADL (r = -0.541). The area under the relative operating characteristic curve was 0.888 (95% CI = 0.812-0.965) to differentiate VaD from other groups. The optimal cut-off point of the TPIADL for detecting VaD was 6/7, which gives a sensitivity of 73.3% and a specificity of 84.5%.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The TPIADL is a brief and sensitive tool for the detection of IADL impairment in patients with VaD.
authors.affiliation: Department of Occupational Therapy, College of Health Science, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.|Graduate Institute of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Hui-Mei
authors.initials: HM
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.|Department of Neurology, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Hsiu-Fen
authors.initials: HF
authors.lastname: Lin
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry3, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.|Graduate Institute of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.|Department of Psychiatry, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Mei-Feng
authors.initials: MF
authors.lastname: Huang
authors.affiliation: Department of Occupational Therapy, College of Health Science, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Chun-Wei
authors.initials: CW
authors.lastname: Chang
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry3, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.|Graduate Institute of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.|Department of Psychiatry, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Yi-Chun
authors.initials: YC
authors.lastname: Yeh
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.|Graduate Institute of Natural Products, College of Pharmacy, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Yi-Ching
authors.initials: YC
authors.lastname: Lo
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry3, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.|Department of Psychiatry, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Cheng-Fang
authors.initials: CF
authors.lastname: Yen
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry3, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.|Department of Psychiatry, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Cheng-Sheng
authors.initials: CS
authors.lastname: Chen
mesh_terms: D000203:Activities of Daily Living; D000368:Aged; D060825:Cognitive Dysfunction / Q000150:complications* / Q000503:physiopathology*; D015140:Dementia, Vascular / Q000150:complications* / Q000503:physiopathology*; D003710:Demography; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D012372:ROC Curve; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D013624:Taiwan