title: An LC-MS/MS based candidate reference method for the quantification of total gentamicin in human serum and plasma using NMR characterized calibrator material.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Accurate measurement of gentamicin concentration in serum and plasma is required for therapeutic drug monitoring to ensure appropriate treatment of patients. In this work, we present a validated LC-MS/MS-based candidate reference measurement procedure for total gentamicin quantification to be used for standardization and harmonization of routine assays applied for therapeutic drug monitoring of this compound. Total gentamicin is the sum of the concentrations of five known congeners C1, C1a, C2, C2a and C2b. To our knowledge, there is so far no LC-MS method for quantification of total gentamicin in human serum described in literature.
  
  
  METHODS
  Sample preparation was based on sample dilution with an aqueous internal standard solution followed by protein precipitation. Stable derivatives of gentamicin-glycine congeners were prepared by chemical synthesis and used as internal standards. The primary calibration material used in this assay was characterized by NMR spectroscopy and the pattern of the gentamicin congeners was determined. The total gentamicin was reported as the sum of the congeners which were quantified individually by LC-MS/MS.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The method allows the measurement of total gentamicin in human serum and plasma in the concentration range of 0.1 to 12.0μg/ml with an assay imprecision of ≤6% CV and an assay accuracy between 96% and 114%. LOD and LOQ for the total gentamicin were 0.04μg/ml and 0.13μg/ml, respectively. Comparative measurement of 128 native patient samples using this method implemented at two laboratory sites showed an excellent agreement.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Validation results proved that this protocol describes a robust and reliable method which is suggested as reference measurement procedure for the standardization and harmonization of routine assays for the quantification of total gentamicin.
authors.affiliation: Roche Diagnostics GmbH, Nonnenwald 2, 82377 Penzberg, Germany.
authors.forename: Stephanie
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Lucha
authors.affiliation: Roche Diagnostics GmbH, Nonnenwald 2, 82377 Penzberg, Germany.
authors.forename: Judith
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Taibon
authors.affiliation: Roche Diagnostics GmbH, Nonnenwald 2, 82377 Penzberg, Germany.
authors.forename: Stephan
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Pongratz
authors.affiliation: Roche Diagnostics GmbH, Nonnenwald 2, 82377 Penzberg, Germany.
authors.forename: Christian
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Geletneky
authors.affiliation: Roche Diagnostics GmbH, Nonnenwald 2, 82377 Penzberg, Germany.
authors.forename: Erasmus
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Huber
authors.affiliation: Roche Diagnostics GmbH, Nonnenwald 2, 82377 Penzberg, Germany.
authors.forename: Christine
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Wintterle-Roehm
authors.affiliation: Roche Diagnostics GmbH, Nonnenwald 2, 82377 Penzberg, Germany.
authors.forename: Robert
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Lang
authors.affiliation: Institute of Laboratory Medicine, Hospital of the Ludwig-Maximilians University, Marchioninistraße 15, 81377 Munich, Germany.
authors.forename: Stefanie H
authors.initials: SH
authors.lastname: Grimm
authors.affiliation: Roche Diagnostics GmbH, Nonnenwald 2, 82377 Penzberg, Germany.
authors.forename: Thomas
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Duelffer
authors.affiliation: Roche Diagnostics GmbH, Nonnenwald 2, 82377 Penzberg, Germany.
authors.forename: Kirill
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Tarasov
authors.affiliation: Institute of Laboratory Medicine, Hospital of the Ludwig-Maximilians University, Marchioninistraße 15, 81377 Munich, Germany; Laboratory Dr. Brunner, Mainaustraße 48 a+b, 78464 Konstanz, Germany.
authors.forename: Johannes
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Zander
authors.affiliation: Institute of Laboratory Medicine, Hospital of the Ludwig-Maximilians University, Marchioninistraße 15, 81377 Munich, Germany. Electronic address: Michael.Vogeser@med.uni-muenchen.de.
authors.forename: Michael
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Vogeser
authors.affiliation: Roche Diagnostics GmbH, Nonnenwald 2, 82377 Penzberg, Germany.
authors.forename: Uwe
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: Kobold
mesh_terms: D001774:Blood Chemical Analysis / Q000592:standards*; D002138:Calibration; D002853:Chromatography, Liquid; D005839:Gentamicins / Q000097:blood*; D006801:Humans; D057230:Limit of Detection; D016014:Linear Models; D009682:Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy / Q000592:standards*; D010949:Plasma / Q000737:chemistry*; D012015:Reference Standards; D044967:Serum / Q000737:chemistry*; D053719:Tandem Mass Spectrometry; D035501:Uncertainty
chemical_list: D005839:Gentamicins
keywords: Gentamicin; LC-MS/MS; NMR; Plasma; Reference method; Serum