title: Small RNA Modifications: Integral to Function and Disease.
abstract: Small RNAs have the potential to store a secondary layer of labile biological information in the form of modified nucleotides. Emerging evidence has shown that small RNAs including microRNAs (miRNAs), PIWI-interacting RNAs (piRNAs) and tRNA-derived small RNAs (tsRNAs) harbor a diversity of RNA modifications. These findings highlight the importance of RNA modifications in the modulation of basic properties such as RNA stability and other complex physiological processes involved in stress responses, metabolism, immunity, and epigenetic inheritance of environmentally acquired traits, among others. High-resolution, high-throughput methods for detecting, mapping and screening these small RNA modifications now provide opportunities to uncover their diagnostic potential as sensitive disease markers.
authors.affiliation: Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, University of Nevada, Reno School of Medicine, Reno, NV 89557, USA.
authors.forename: Xudong
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: Department of Biomolecular Engineering, University of California, Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, CA 95064, USA.
authors.forename: Aaron E
authors.initials: AE
authors.lastname: Cozen
authors.affiliation: Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, University of Nevada, Reno School of Medicine, Reno, NV 89557, USA.
authors.forename: Ying
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.affiliation: Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, University of Nevada, Reno School of Medicine, Reno, NV 89557, USA. Electronic address: cqi@medicine.nevada.edu.
authors.forename: Qi
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.affiliation: Department of Biomolecular Engineering, University of California, Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, CA 95064, USA. Electronic address: tmjlowe@ucsc.edu.
authors.forename: Todd M
authors.initials: TM
authors.lastname: Lowe
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D005819:Genetic Markers; D006801:Humans; D017393:RNA Editing; D012323:RNA Processing, Post-Transcriptional; D020871:RNA Stability; D058727:RNA, Small Untranslated / Q000032:analysis / Q000235:genetics*; D059467:Transcriptome
chemical_list: D005819:Genetic Markers; D058727:RNA, Small Untranslated
keywords: ARM-seq; DM-tRNA-seq; LC-MS/MS; RNA editing; RNA modification; tRNA-derived small RNAs