title: Regulation of autophagy by Ca2.
abstract: Autophagy is an evolutionarily conserved lysosomal catabolic process used as an internal engine in response to nutrient starvation or metabolic stress. A number of protein complexes and an intricate network of stress signaling cascades impinge on the regulation of autophagy; the mammalian target of rapamycin serves as a canonical player. Ca2+, as a major intracellular second messenger, regulates multiple physiological and pathological functions. Although significant information is already well-established about the role of Ca2+in apoptosis, its role in autophagy has been recently determined and is poorly understood. Intracellular Ca2+positively and negatively affects autophagy. In this review, evidence for both views and the interplay of Ca2+between autophagy and apoptosis induction are discussed. The available data revealed the bidirectional role of Ca2+in the regulation of autophagy. Moreover, the data also indicated that this role probably depends on the context of time, space, Ca2+source, and cell state, thus either preventing or enhancing autophagy.
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical Medicine, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, 221000, China.|Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Xuzhou Central Hospital, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, 221009, China.
authors.forename: Fang
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Sun
authors.affiliation: Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Xuzhou Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, 221002, China.
authors.forename: Xia
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Xu
authors.affiliation: Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Xuzhou Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, 221002, China.
authors.forename: Xiaohong
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical Medicine, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, 221000, China. bettyzhang10@163.com.|Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Xuzhou Central Hospital, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, 221009, China. bettyzhang10@163.com.|Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Xuzhou Central Hospital, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, 221002, China. bettyzhang10@163.com.
authors.forename: Bei
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Zhang
keywords: Apoptosis; Autophagic regulation; Ca2+; IP3Rs; Mitochondria