title: Anticancer Effects of Rosemary (Rosmarinus officinalis L.) Extract and Rosemary Extract Polyphenols.
abstract: Cancer cells display enhanced growth rates and a resistance to apoptosis. The ability of cancer cells to evade homeostasis and proliferate uncontrollably while avoiding programmed cell death/apoptosis is acquired through mutations to key signaling molecules, which regulate pathways involved in cell proliferation and survival. Compounds of plant origin, including food components, have attracted scientific attention for use as agents for cancer prevention and treatment. The exploration into natural products offers great opportunity to evaluate new anticancer agents as well as understand novel and potentially relevant mechanisms of action. Rosemary extract has been reported to have antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antidiabetic and anticancer properties. Rosemary extract contains many polyphenols with carnosic acid and rosmarinic acid found in highest concentrations. The present review summarizes the existing in vitro and in vivo studies focusing on the anticancer effects of rosemary extract and the rosemary extract polyphenols carnosic acid and rosmarinic acid, and their effects on key signaling molecules.
authors.affiliation: Department of Health Sciences, Brock University, St. Catharines, ON L2S 3A1, Canada. jessy.moore@brocku.ca.
authors.forename: Jessy
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Moore
authors.affiliation: Department of Health Sciences, Brock University, St. Catharines, ON L2S 3A1, Canada. my11dq@brocku.ca.
authors.forename: Michael
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Yousef
authors.affiliation: Department of Health Sciences, Brock University, St. Catharines, ON L2S 3A1, Canada. ltsiani@brocku.ca.|Centre for Bone and Muscle Health, Brock University, St. Catharines, ON L2S 3A1, Canada. ltsiani@brocku.ca.
authors.forename: Evangelia
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Tsiani
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000972:Antineoplastic Agents, Phytogenic / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000494:pharmacology*; D045744:Cell Line, Tumor; D002934:Cinnamates / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000494:pharmacology*; D053630:Depsides / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000494:pharmacology*; D006801:Humans; D009369:Neoplasms / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D008517:Phytotherapy; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000494:pharmacology*; D010946:Plants, Medicinal; D059808:Polyphenols / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000494:pharmacology*; D027542:Rosmarinus / Q000737:chemistry*; D015398:Signal Transduction / Q000187:drug effects; D023041:Xenograft Model Antitumor Assays; D000097123:Rosmarinic Acid
chemical_list: D000972:Antineoplastic Agents, Phytogenic; D002934:Cinnamates; D053630:Depsides; D010936:Plant Extracts; D059808:Polyphenols; D000097123:Rosmarinic Acid
keywords: cancer; carnosic acid; cell signaling; proliferation; rosemary extract; rosmarinic acid; survival