title: Dysphoric mania, mixed states, and mania with mixed features specifier: are we mixing things up?
abstract: Various terms have been used to describe mania when it is accompanied by depressive symptoms. In this article, we attempt to define and discuss 3 of these terms: dysphoric mania, mixed state, and mania with mixed features specifier. We conclude that whatever term is used, it is important to be aware that mania is more often unpleasant than pleasant, and that the unpleasantness is not limited to depression.
authors.affiliation: 1Lindner Center of HOPE,Mason,Ohio,USA.
authors.forename: Susan L
authors.initials: SL
authors.lastname: McElroy
authors.affiliation: 1Lindner Center of HOPE,Mason,Ohio,USA.
authors.forename: Paul E
authors.initials: PE
authors.lastname: Keck
mesh_terms: D000928:Antidepressive Agents / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use; D018692:Antimanic Agents / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use; D014150:Antipsychotic Agents / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use; D001714:Bipolar Disorder / Q000145:classification / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000523:psychology; D015897:Comorbidity; D003865:Major Depressive Disorder / Q000145:classification / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000523:psychology; D003937:Diagnosis, Differential; D039721:Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders; D004359:Drug Therapy, Combination; D006801:Humans; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D000928:Antidepressive Agents; D018692:Antimanic Agents; D014150:Antipsychotic Agents
keywords: Depression; dysphoric mania; mania; mixed features specifier; mixed states