title: Changes in the Expression of Biofilm-Associated Surface Proteins inStaphylococcus aureusFood-Environmental Isolates Subjected to Sublethal Concentrations of Disinfectants.
abstract: Sublethal concentrations (sub-MICs) of certain disinfectants are no longer effective in removing biofilms from abiotic surfaces and can even promote the formation of biofilms. Bacterial cells can probably adapt to these low concentrations of disinfectants and defend themselves by way of biofilm formation. In this paper, we report on threeStaphylococcus aureusbiofilm formers (strong B+++, moderate B++, and weak B+) that were cultivated with sub-MICs of commonly used disinfectants, ethanol or chloramine T, and quantified using Syto9 green fluorogenic nucleic acid stain. We demonstrate that 1.25-2.5% ethanol and 2500μg/mL chloramine T significantly enhancedS. aureusbiofilm formation. To visualize differences in biofilm compactness betweenS. aureusbiofilms in control medium, 1.25% ethanol, or 2500μg/mL chloramine T, scanning electron microscopy was used. To describe changes in abundance of surface-exposed proteins in ethanol- or chloramine T-treated biofilms, surface proteins were prepared using a novel trypsin shaving approach and quantified after dimethyl labeling by LC-LTQ/Orbitrap MS. Our data show that some proteins with adhesive functions and others with cell maintenance functions and virulence factor EsxA were significantly upregulated by both treatments. In contrast, immunoglobulin-binding protein A was significantly downregulated for both disinfectants. Significant differences were observed in the effect of the two disinfectants on the expression of surface proteins including some adhesins, foldase protein PrsA, and two virulence factors.
authors.affiliation: Department of Food and Feed Safety, Veterinary Research Institute, Hudcova 70, Brno, Czech Republic.
authors.forename: Lenka
authors.identifier: 0000-0002-2924-6210
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Cincarova
authors.affiliation: Department of Immunology, Veterinary Research Institute, Hudcova 70, Brno, Czech Republic.
authors.forename: Ondrej
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Polansky
authors.affiliation: Department of Food and Feed Safety, Veterinary Research Institute, Hudcova 70, Brno, Czech Republic.
authors.forename: Vladimir
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Babak
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry and Toxicology, Veterinary Research Institute, Brno, Czech Republic.
authors.forename: Pavel
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Kulich
authors.affiliation: Department of Food and Feed Safety, Veterinary Research Institute, Hudcova 70, Brno, Czech Republic.
authors.forename: Petr
authors.identifier: 0000-0003-2836-1644
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Kralik
mesh_terms: D001426:Bacterial Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D018441:Biofilms / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000254:growth & development; D002470:Cell Survival / Q000187:drug effects; D004202:Disinfectants / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D005516:Food Microbiology; D015964:Gene Expression Regulation, Bacterial / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology; D008565:Membrane Proteins / Q000378:metabolism*; D013045:Species Specificity; D013211:Staphylococcus aureus / Q000145:classification / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D001426:Bacterial Proteins; D004202:Disinfectants; D008565:Membrane Proteins