title: Nurse Adherence to Safe-Handling Practices: Observation Versus Self-Assessment.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Chemotherapy medications place nurses at risk for occupational exposure, a primary nursing safety concern. No literature was available on adherence to following chemotherapy handling practices and nurses' perceptions of safe-handling practices.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  The aims of the pilot study were to examine actual and subjective ambulatory oncology nurse adherence to chemotherapy safe-handling guideline recommendations that prevent chemotherapy exposure.
  
  
  METHODS
  A prospective, comparative mixed-methods study was used to compare objective and subjective nurse behaviors of expected safe chemotherapy handling-specifically, micro-ethnography and questionnaires. Fisher's exact test was used to assess differences in the rates of observations and questionnaire responses.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Twenty-two cases of chemotherapy handling were observed, and 12 of 33 nurses completed self-assessments. Of observed practices, nurses completed three behaviors 100% of the time (disposing of gloves in a chemotherapy-approved container after initiating chemotherapy, discarding the chemotherapy bag and tubing after disconnecting chemotherapy infusions, and washing hands after chemotherapy was administered). When objective and subjective behavior adherence were compared, three behaviors were carried out with greater frequency than what nurses perceived on questionnaires (double gloving and gowning when disconnecting chemotherapy and properly discarding chemotherapy). Two behaviors were carried out with less frequency than nurses provided on questionnaires (double gloving and protecting work surfaces during administration).
authors.affiliation: Cleveland Clinic.
authors.forename: Christina M
authors.initials: CM
authors.lastname: Colvin
authors.affiliation: Cleveland Clinic.
authors.forename: Diana
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Karius
authors.affiliation: Cleveland Clinic.
authors.forename: Nancy M
authors.initials: NM
authors.lastname: Albert
mesh_terms: D000046:Academic Medical Centers; D000328:Adult; D000553:Ambulatory Care / Q000592:standards / Q000639:trends; D000970:Antineoplastic Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D005260:Female; D017575:Gloves, Protective / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D019983:Guideline Adherence; D006801:Humans; D007262:Infusions, Intravenous; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009369:Neoplasms / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000451:nursing; D019370:Observation; D016273:Occupational Exposure / Q000517:prevention & control; D016272:Occupational Health; D009859:Oncology Nursing / Q000592:standards* / Q000639:trends; D010865:Pilot Projects; D011446:Prospective Studies; D017751:Safety Management / Q000592:standards*; D012647:Self-Assessment
chemical_list: D000970:Antineoplastic Agents
keywords: adherence; chemotherapy; occupational exposure; oncology nursing; personal protective equipment; safe handling