title: Programmed Death-Ligand 1 Expression and Response to the Anti-Programmed Death 1 Antibody Pembrolizumab in Melanoma.
abstract: Purpose Expression of programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) is a potential predictive marker for response and outcome after treatment with anti-programmed death 1 (PD-1). This study explored the relationship between anti-PD-1 activity and PD-L1 expression in patients with advanced melanoma who were treated with pembrolizumab in the phase Ib KEYNOTE-001 study (clinical trial information: NCT01295827). Patients and Methods Six hundred fifty-five patients received pembrolizumab10 mg/kg once every 2 weeks or once every 3 weeks, or 2 mg/kg once every 3 weeks. Tumor response was assessed every 12 weeks per Response Evaluation Criteria in Solid Tumors (RECIST) v1.1 by independent central review. Primary outcome was objective response rate. Secondary outcomes included progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS). Membranous PD-L1 expression in tumor and tumor-associated immune cells was assessed by a clinical trial immunohistochemistry assay (22C3 antibody) and scored on a unique melanoma (MEL) scale of 0 to 5 by one of three pathologists who were blinded to clinical outcome; a score ≥ 2 (membranous staining in ≥ 1% of cells) was considered positive. Results Of 451 patients with evaluable PD-L1 expression, 344 (76%) had PD-L1-positive tumors. Demographic and staging variables were equally distributed among PD-L1-positive and -negative patients. An association between higher MEL score and higher response rate and longer PFS (hazard ratio, 0.76; 95% CI, 0.71 to 0.82) and OS (hazard ratio, 0.76; 95% CI, 0.69 to 0.83) was observed ( P < .001 for each). Objective response rate was 8%, 12%, 22%, 43%, 57%, and 53% for MEL 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, and 5, respectively. Conclusion PD-L1 expression in pretreatment tumor biopsy samples was correlated with response rate, PFS, and OS; however, patients with PD-L1-negative tumors may also achieve durable responses.
authors.affiliation: Adil I. Daud, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco; Antoni Ribas, University of California, Los Angeles; Omid Hamid, The Angeles Clinic and Research Institute, Los Angeles; Charlotte Roach and Grant Toland, Dako North America, Carpinteria, CA; Jedd D. Wolchok, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY; Wen-Jen Hwu, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston; Amita Patnaik, South Texas Accelerated Research Therapeutics, San Antonio, TX; Jeffrey S. Weber, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa; Richard Joseph, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL; F. Stephen Hodi, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA; Tara C. Gangadhar, Abramson Cancer Center at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia; Hassane Zarour, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA; Roxana Dronca, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN; Jared K. Lunceford, Xiaoyun Nicole Li, Kenneth Emancipator, Marisa Dolled-Filhart, S. Peter Kang, and Scot Ebbinghaus, Merck & Co, Kenilworth, NJ; Caroline Robert, Gustave Roussy and Paris-Sud University, Villejuif, France; Anthony M. Joshua, Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, Toronto, ON, Canada; Richard Kefford, Crown Princess Mary Cancer Centre, Westmead Hospital and Melanoma Institute Australia; Richard Kefford, Macquarie University; and Richard Kefford and Peter Hersey, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia.
authors.forename: Adil I
authors.initials: AI
authors.lastname: Daud
authors.affiliation: Adil I. Daud, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco; Antoni Ribas, University of California, Los Angeles; Omid Hamid, The Angeles Clinic and Research Institute, Los Angeles; Charlotte Roach and Grant Toland, Dako North America, Carpinteria, CA; Jedd D. Wolchok, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY; Wen-Jen Hwu, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston; Amita Patnaik, South Texas Accelerated Research Therapeutics, San Antonio, TX; Jeffrey S. Weber, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa; Richard Joseph, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL; F. Stephen Hodi, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA; Tara C. Gangadhar, Abramson Cancer Center at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia; Hassane Zarour, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA; Roxana Dronca, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN; Jared K. Lunceford, Xiaoyun Nicole Li, Kenneth Emancipator, Marisa Dolled-Filhart, S. Peter Kang, and Scot Ebbinghaus, Merck & Co, Kenilworth, NJ; Caroline Robert, Gustave Roussy and Paris-Sud University, Villejuif, France; Anthony M. Joshua, Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, Toronto, ON, Canada; Richard Kefford, Crown Princess Mary Cancer Centre, Westmead Hospital and Melanoma Institute Australia; Richard Kefford, Macquarie University; and Richard Kefford and Peter Hersey, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia.
authors.forename: Jedd D
authors.initials: JD
authors.lastname: Wolchok
authors.affiliation: Adil I. Daud, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco; Antoni Ribas, University of California, Los Angeles; Omid Hamid, The Angeles Clinic and Research Institute, Los Angeles; Charlotte Roach and Grant Toland, Dako North America, Carpinteria, CA; Jedd D. Wolchok, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY; Wen-Jen Hwu, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston; Amita Patnaik, South Texas Accelerated Research Therapeutics, San Antonio, TX; Jeffrey S. Weber, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa; Richard Joseph, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL; F. Stephen Hodi, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA; Tara C. Gangadhar, Abramson Cancer Center at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia; Hassane Zarour, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA; Roxana Dronca, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN; Jared K. Lunceford, Xiaoyun Nicole Li, Kenneth Emancipator, Marisa Dolled-Filhart, S. Peter Kang, and Scot Ebbinghaus, Merck & Co, Kenilworth, NJ; Caroline Robert, Gustave Roussy and Paris-Sud University, Villejuif, France; Anthony M. Joshua, Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, Toronto, ON, Canada; Richard Kefford, Crown Princess Mary Cancer Centre, Westmead Hospital and Melanoma Institute Australia; Richard Kefford, Macquarie University; and Richard Kefford and Peter Hersey, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia.
authors.forename: Caroline
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Robert
authors.affiliation: Adil I. Daud, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco; Antoni Ribas, University of California, Los Angeles; Omid Hamid, The Angeles Clinic and Research Institute, Los Angeles; Charlotte Roach and Grant Toland, Dako North America, Carpinteria, CA; Jedd D. Wolchok, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY; Wen-Jen Hwu, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston; Amita Patnaik, South Texas Accelerated Research Therapeutics, San Antonio, TX; Jeffrey S. Weber, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa; Richard Joseph, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL; F. Stephen Hodi, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA; Tara C. Gangadhar, Abramson Cancer Center at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia; Hassane Zarour, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA; Roxana Dronca, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN; Jared K. Lunceford, Xiaoyun Nicole Li, Kenneth Emancipator, Marisa Dolled-Filhart, S. Peter Kang, and Scot Ebbinghaus, Merck & Co, Kenilworth, NJ; Caroline Robert, Gustave Roussy and Paris-Sud University, Villejuif, France; Anthony M. Joshua, Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, Toronto, ON, Canada; Richard Kefford, Crown Princess Mary Cancer Centre, Westmead Hospital and Melanoma Institute Australia; Richard Kefford, Macquarie University; and Richard Kefford and Peter Hersey, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia.
authors.forename: Wen-Jen
authors.initials: WJ
authors.lastname: Hwu
authors.affiliation: Adil I. Daud, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco; Antoni Ribas, University of California, Los Angeles; Omid Hamid, The Angeles Clinic and Research Institute, Los Angeles; Charlotte Roach and Grant Toland, Dako North America, Carpinteria, CA; Jedd D. Wolchok, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY; Wen-Jen Hwu, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston; Amita Patnaik, South Texas Accelerated Research Therapeutics, San Antonio, TX; Jeffrey S. Weber, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa; Richard Joseph, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL; F. Stephen Hodi, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA; Tara C. Gangadhar, Abramson Cancer Center at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia; Hassane Zarour, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA; Roxana Dronca, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN; Jared K. Lunceford, Xiaoyun Nicole Li, Kenneth Emancipator, Marisa Dolled-Filhart, S. Peter Kang, and Scot Ebbinghaus, Merck & Co, Kenilworth, NJ; Caroline Robert, Gustave Roussy and Paris-Sud University, Villejuif, France; Anthony M. Joshua, Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, Toronto, ON, Canada; Richard Kefford, Crown Princess Mary Cancer Centre, Westmead Hospital and Melanoma Institute Australia; Richard Kefford, Macquarie University; and Richard Kefford and Peter Hersey, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia.
authors.forename: Jeffrey S
authors.initials: JS
authors.lastname: Weber
authors.affiliation: Adil I. Daud, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco; Antoni Ribas, University of California, Los Angeles; Omid Hamid, The Angeles Clinic and Research Institute, Los Angeles; Charlotte Roach and Grant Toland, Dako North America, Carpinteria, CA; Jedd D. Wolchok, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY; Wen-Jen Hwu, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston; Amita Patnaik, South Texas Accelerated Research Therapeutics, San Antonio, TX; Jeffrey S. Weber, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa; Richard Joseph, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL; F. Stephen Hodi, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA; Tara C. Gangadhar, Abramson Cancer Center at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia; Hassane Zarour, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA; Roxana Dronca, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN; Jared K. Lunceford, Xiaoyun Nicole Li, Kenneth Emancipator, Marisa Dolled-Filhart, S. Peter Kang, and Scot Ebbinghaus, Merck & Co, Kenilworth, NJ; Caroline Robert, Gustave Roussy and Paris-Sud University, Villejuif, France; Anthony M. Joshua, Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, Toronto, ON, Canada; Richard Kefford, Crown Princess Mary Cancer Centre, Westmead Hospital and Melanoma Institute Australia; Richard Kefford, Macquarie University; and Richard Kefford and Peter Hersey, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia.
authors.forename: Antoni
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Ribas
authors.affiliation: Adil I. Daud, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco; Antoni Ribas, University of California, Los Angeles; Omid Hamid, The Angeles Clinic and Research Institute, Los Angeles; Charlotte Roach and Grant Toland, Dako North America, Carpinteria, CA; Jedd D. Wolchok, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY; Wen-Jen Hwu, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston; Amita Patnaik, South Texas Accelerated Research Therapeutics, San Antonio, TX; Jeffrey S. Weber, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa; Richard Joseph, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL; F. Stephen Hodi, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA; Tara C. Gangadhar, Abramson Cancer Center at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia; Hassane Zarour, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA; Roxana Dronca, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN; Jared K. Lunceford, Xiaoyun Nicole Li, Kenneth Emancipator, Marisa Dolled-Filhart, S. Peter Kang, and Scot Ebbinghaus, Merck & Co, Kenilworth, NJ; Caroline Robert, Gustave Roussy and Paris-Sud University, Villejuif, France; Anthony M. Joshua, Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, Toronto, ON, Canada; Richard Kefford, Crown Princess Mary Cancer Centre, Westmead Hospital and Melanoma Institute Australia; Richard Kefford, Macquarie University; and Richard Kefford and Peter Hersey, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia.
authors.forename: F Stephen
authors.initials: FS
authors.lastname: Hodi
authors.affiliation: Adil I. Daud, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco; Antoni Ribas, University of California, Los Angeles; Omid Hamid, The Angeles Clinic and Research Institute, Los Angeles; Charlotte Roach and Grant Toland, Dako North America, Carpinteria, CA; Jedd D. Wolchok, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY; Wen-Jen Hwu, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston; Amita Patnaik, South Texas Accelerated Research Therapeutics, San Antonio, TX; Jeffrey S. Weber, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa; Richard Joseph, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL; F. Stephen Hodi, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA; Tara C. Gangadhar, Abramson Cancer Center at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia; Hassane Zarour, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA; Roxana Dronca, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN; Jared K. Lunceford, Xiaoyun Nicole Li, Kenneth Emancipator, Marisa Dolled-Filhart, S. Peter Kang, and Scot Ebbinghaus, Merck & Co, Kenilworth, NJ; Caroline Robert, Gustave Roussy and Paris-Sud University, Villejuif, France; Anthony M. Joshua, Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, Toronto, ON, Canada; Richard Kefford, Crown Princess Mary Cancer Centre, Westmead Hospital and Melanoma Institute Australia; Richard Kefford, Macquarie University; and Richard Kefford and Peter Hersey, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia.
authors.forename: Anthony M
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Joshua
authors.affiliation: Adil I. Daud, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco; Antoni Ribas, University of California, Los Angeles; Omid Hamid, The Angeles Clinic and Research Institute, Los Angeles; Charlotte Roach and Grant Toland, Dako North America, Carpinteria, CA; Jedd D. Wolchok, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY; Wen-Jen Hwu, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston; Amita Patnaik, South Texas Accelerated Research Therapeutics, San Antonio, TX; Jeffrey S. Weber, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa; Richard Joseph, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL; F. Stephen Hodi, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA; Tara C. Gangadhar, Abramson Cancer Center at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia; Hassane Zarour, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA; Roxana Dronca, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN; Jared K. Lunceford, Xiaoyun Nicole Li, Kenneth Emancipator, Marisa Dolled-Filhart, S. Peter Kang, and Scot Ebbinghaus, Merck & Co, Kenilworth, NJ; Caroline Robert, Gustave Roussy and Paris-Sud University, Villejuif, France; Anthony M. Joshua, Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, Toronto, ON, Canada; Richard Kefford, Crown Princess Mary Cancer Centre, Westmead Hospital and Melanoma Institute Australia; Richard Kefford, Macquarie University; and Richard Kefford and Peter Hersey, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia.
authors.forename: Richard
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Kefford
authors.affiliation: Adil I. Daud, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco; Antoni Ribas, University of California, Los Angeles; Omid Hamid, The Angeles Clinic and Research Institute, Los Angeles; Charlotte Roach and Grant Toland, Dako North America, Carpinteria, CA; Jedd D. Wolchok, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY; Wen-Jen Hwu, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston; Amita Patnaik, South Texas Accelerated Research Therapeutics, San Antonio, TX; Jeffrey S. Weber, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa; Richard Joseph, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL; F. Stephen Hodi, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA; Tara C. Gangadhar, Abramson Cancer Center at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia; Hassane Zarour, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA; Roxana Dronca, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN; Jared K. Lunceford, Xiaoyun Nicole Li, Kenneth Emancipator, Marisa Dolled-Filhart, S. Peter Kang, and Scot Ebbinghaus, Merck & Co, Kenilworth, NJ; Caroline Robert, Gustave Roussy and Paris-Sud University, Villejuif, France; Anthony M. Joshua, Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, Toronto, ON, Canada; Richard Kefford, Crown Princess Mary Cancer Centre, Westmead Hospital and Melanoma Institute Australia; Richard Kefford, Macquarie University; and Richard Kefford and Peter Hersey, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia.
authors.forename: Peter
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Hersey
authors.affiliation: Adil I. Daud, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco; Antoni Ribas, University of California, Los Angeles; Omid Hamid, The Angeles Clinic and Research Institute, Los Angeles; Charlotte Roach and Grant Toland, Dako North America, Carpinteria, CA; Jedd D. Wolchok, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY; Wen-Jen Hwu, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston; Amita Patnaik, South Texas Accelerated Research Therapeutics, San Antonio, TX; Jeffrey S. Weber, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa; Richard Joseph, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL; F. Stephen Hodi, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA; Tara C. Gangadhar, Abramson Cancer Center at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia; Hassane Zarour, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA; Roxana Dronca, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN; Jared K. Lunceford, Xiaoyun Nicole Li, Kenneth Emancipator, Marisa Dolled-Filhart, S. Peter Kang, and Scot Ebbinghaus, Merck & Co, Kenilworth, NJ; Caroline Robert, Gustave Roussy and Paris-Sud University, Villejuif, France; Anthony M. Joshua, Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, Toronto, ON, Canada; Richard Kefford, Crown Princess Mary Cancer Centre, Westmead Hospital and Melanoma Institute Australia; Richard Kefford, Macquarie University; and Richard Kefford and Peter Hersey, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia.
authors.forename: Richard
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Joseph
authors.affiliation: Adil I. Daud, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco; Antoni Ribas, University of California, Los Angeles; Omid Hamid, The Angeles Clinic and Research Institute, Los Angeles; Charlotte Roach and Grant Toland, Dako North America, Carpinteria, CA; Jedd D. Wolchok, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY; Wen-Jen Hwu, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston; Amita Patnaik, South Texas Accelerated Research Therapeutics, San Antonio, TX; Jeffrey S. Weber, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa; Richard Joseph, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL; F. Stephen Hodi, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA; Tara C. Gangadhar, Abramson Cancer Center at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia; Hassane Zarour, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA; Roxana Dronca, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN; Jared K. Lunceford, Xiaoyun Nicole Li, Kenneth Emancipator, Marisa Dolled-Filhart, S. Peter Kang, and Scot Ebbinghaus, Merck & Co, Kenilworth, NJ; Caroline Robert, Gustave Roussy and Paris-Sud University, Villejuif, France; Anthony M. Joshua, Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, Toronto, ON, Canada; Richard Kefford, Crown Princess Mary Cancer Centre, Westmead Hospital and Melanoma Institute Australia; Richard Kefford, Macquarie University; and Richard Kefford and Peter Hersey, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia.
authors.forename: Tara C
authors.initials: TC
authors.lastname: Gangadhar
authors.affiliation: Adil I. Daud, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco; Antoni Ribas, University of California, Los Angeles; Omid Hamid, The Angeles Clinic and Research Institute, Los Angeles; Charlotte Roach and Grant Toland, Dako North America, Carpinteria, CA; Jedd D. Wolchok, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY; Wen-Jen Hwu, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston; Amita Patnaik, South Texas Accelerated Research Therapeutics, San Antonio, TX; Jeffrey S. Weber, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa; Richard Joseph, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL; F. Stephen Hodi, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA; Tara C. Gangadhar, Abramson Cancer Center at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia; Hassane Zarour, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA; Roxana Dronca, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN; Jared K. Lunceford, Xiaoyun Nicole Li, Kenneth Emancipator, Marisa Dolled-Filhart, S. Peter Kang, and Scot Ebbinghaus, Merck & Co, Kenilworth, NJ; Caroline Robert, Gustave Roussy and Paris-Sud University, Villejuif, France; Anthony M. Joshua, Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, Toronto, ON, Canada; Richard Kefford, Crown Princess Mary Cancer Centre, Westmead Hospital and Melanoma Institute Australia; Richard Kefford, Macquarie University; and Richard Kefford and Peter Hersey, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia.
authors.forename: Roxana
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Dronca
authors.affiliation: Adil I. Daud, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco; Antoni Ribas, University of California, Los Angeles; Omid Hamid, The Angeles Clinic and Research Institute, Los Angeles; Charlotte Roach and Grant Toland, Dako North America, Carpinteria, CA; Jedd D. Wolchok, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY; Wen-Jen Hwu, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston; Amita Patnaik, South Texas Accelerated Research Therapeutics, San Antonio, TX; Jeffrey S. Weber, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa; Richard Joseph, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL; F. Stephen Hodi, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA; Tara C. Gangadhar, Abramson Cancer Center at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia; Hassane Zarour, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA; Roxana Dronca, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN; Jared K. Lunceford, Xiaoyun Nicole Li, Kenneth Emancipator, Marisa Dolled-Filhart, S. Peter Kang, and Scot Ebbinghaus, Merck & Co, Kenilworth, NJ; Caroline Robert, Gustave Roussy and Paris-Sud University, Villejuif, France; Anthony M. Joshua, Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, Toronto, ON, Canada; Richard Kefford, Crown Princess Mary Cancer Centre, Westmead Hospital and Melanoma Institute Australia; Richard Kefford, Macquarie University; and Richard Kefford and Peter Hersey, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia.
authors.forename: Amita
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Patnaik
authors.affiliation: Adil I. Daud, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco; Antoni Ribas, University of California, Los Angeles; Omid Hamid, The Angeles Clinic and Research Institute, Los Angeles; Charlotte Roach and Grant Toland, Dako North America, Carpinteria, CA; Jedd D. Wolchok, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY; Wen-Jen Hwu, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston; Amita Patnaik, South Texas Accelerated Research Therapeutics, San Antonio, TX; Jeffrey S. Weber, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa; Richard Joseph, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL; F. Stephen Hodi, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA; Tara C. Gangadhar, Abramson Cancer Center at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia; Hassane Zarour, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA; Roxana Dronca, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN; Jared K. Lunceford, Xiaoyun Nicole Li, Kenneth Emancipator, Marisa Dolled-Filhart, S. Peter Kang, and Scot Ebbinghaus, Merck & Co, Kenilworth, NJ; Caroline Robert, Gustave Roussy and Paris-Sud University, Villejuif, France; Anthony M. Joshua, Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, Toronto, ON, Canada; Richard Kefford, Crown Princess Mary Cancer Centre, Westmead Hospital and Melanoma Institute Australia; Richard Kefford, Macquarie University; and Richard Kefford and Peter Hersey, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia.
authors.forename: Hassane
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Zarour
authors.affiliation: Adil I. Daud, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco; Antoni Ribas, University of California, Los Angeles; Omid Hamid, The Angeles Clinic and Research Institute, Los Angeles; Charlotte Roach and Grant Toland, Dako North America, Carpinteria, CA; Jedd D. Wolchok, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY; Wen-Jen Hwu, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston; Amita Patnaik, South Texas Accelerated Research Therapeutics, San Antonio, TX; Jeffrey S. Weber, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa; Richard Joseph, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL; F. Stephen Hodi, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA; Tara C. Gangadhar, Abramson Cancer Center at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia; Hassane Zarour, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA; Roxana Dronca, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN; Jared K. Lunceford, Xiaoyun Nicole Li, Kenneth Emancipator, Marisa Dolled-Filhart, S. Peter Kang, and Scot Ebbinghaus, Merck & Co, Kenilworth, NJ; Caroline Robert, Gustave Roussy and Paris-Sud University, Villejuif, France; Anthony M. Joshua, Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, Toronto, ON, Canada; Richard Kefford, Crown Princess Mary Cancer Centre, Westmead Hospital and Melanoma Institute Australia; Richard Kefford, Macquarie University; and Richard Kefford and Peter Hersey, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia.
authors.forename: Charlotte
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Roach
authors.affiliation: Adil I. Daud, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco; Antoni Ribas, University of California, Los Angeles; Omid Hamid, The Angeles Clinic and Research Institute, Los Angeles; Charlotte Roach and Grant Toland, Dako North America, Carpinteria, CA; Jedd D. Wolchok, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY; Wen-Jen Hwu, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston; Amita Patnaik, South Texas Accelerated Research Therapeutics, San Antonio, TX; Jeffrey S. Weber, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa; Richard Joseph, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL; F. Stephen Hodi, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA; Tara C. Gangadhar, Abramson Cancer Center at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia; Hassane Zarour, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA; Roxana Dronca, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN; Jared K. Lunceford, Xiaoyun Nicole Li, Kenneth Emancipator, Marisa Dolled-Filhart, S. Peter Kang, and Scot Ebbinghaus, Merck & Co, Kenilworth, NJ; Caroline Robert, Gustave Roussy and Paris-Sud University, Villejuif, France; Anthony M. Joshua, Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, Toronto, ON, Canada; Richard Kefford, Crown Princess Mary Cancer Centre, Westmead Hospital and Melanoma Institute Australia; Richard Kefford, Macquarie University; and Richard Kefford and Peter Hersey, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia.
authors.forename: Grant
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Toland
authors.affiliation: Adil I. Daud, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco; Antoni Ribas, University of California, Los Angeles; Omid Hamid, The Angeles Clinic and Research Institute, Los Angeles; Charlotte Roach and Grant Toland, Dako North America, Carpinteria, CA; Jedd D. Wolchok, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY; Wen-Jen Hwu, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston; Amita Patnaik, South Texas Accelerated Research Therapeutics, San Antonio, TX; Jeffrey S. Weber, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa; Richard Joseph, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL; F. Stephen Hodi, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA; Tara C. Gangadhar, Abramson Cancer Center at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia; Hassane Zarour, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA; Roxana Dronca, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN; Jared K. Lunceford, Xiaoyun Nicole Li, Kenneth Emancipator, Marisa Dolled-Filhart, S. Peter Kang, and Scot Ebbinghaus, Merck & Co, Kenilworth, NJ; Caroline Robert, Gustave Roussy and Paris-Sud University, Villejuif, France; Anthony M. Joshua, Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, Toronto, ON, Canada; Richard Kefford, Crown Princess Mary Cancer Centre, Westmead Hospital and Melanoma Institute Australia; Richard Kefford, Macquarie University; and Richard Kefford and Peter Hersey, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia.
authors.forename: Jared K
authors.initials: JK
authors.lastname: Lunceford
authors.affiliation: Adil I. Daud, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco; Antoni Ribas, University of California, Los Angeles; Omid Hamid, The Angeles Clinic and Research Institute, Los Angeles; Charlotte Roach and Grant Toland, Dako North America, Carpinteria, CA; Jedd D. Wolchok, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY; Wen-Jen Hwu, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston; Amita Patnaik, South Texas Accelerated Research Therapeutics, San Antonio, TX; Jeffrey S. Weber, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa; Richard Joseph, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL; F. Stephen Hodi, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA; Tara C. Gangadhar, Abramson Cancer Center at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia; Hassane Zarour, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA; Roxana Dronca, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN; Jared K. Lunceford, Xiaoyun Nicole Li, Kenneth Emancipator, Marisa Dolled-Filhart, S. Peter Kang, and Scot Ebbinghaus, Merck & Co, Kenilworth, NJ; Caroline Robert, Gustave Roussy and Paris-Sud University, Villejuif, France; Anthony M. Joshua, Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, Toronto, ON, Canada; Richard Kefford, Crown Princess Mary Cancer Centre, Westmead Hospital and Melanoma Institute Australia; Richard Kefford, Macquarie University; and Richard Kefford and Peter Hersey, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia.
authors.forename: Xiaoyun Nicole
authors.initials: XN
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: Adil I. Daud, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco; Antoni Ribas, University of California, Los Angeles; Omid Hamid, The Angeles Clinic and Research Institute, Los Angeles; Charlotte Roach and Grant Toland, Dako North America, Carpinteria, CA; Jedd D. Wolchok, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY; Wen-Jen Hwu, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston; Amita Patnaik, South Texas Accelerated Research Therapeutics, San Antonio, TX; Jeffrey S. Weber, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa; Richard Joseph, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL; F. Stephen Hodi, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA; Tara C. Gangadhar, Abramson Cancer Center at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia; Hassane Zarour, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA; Roxana Dronca, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN; Jared K. Lunceford, Xiaoyun Nicole Li, Kenneth Emancipator, Marisa Dolled-Filhart, S. Peter Kang, and Scot Ebbinghaus, Merck & Co, Kenilworth, NJ; Caroline Robert, Gustave Roussy and Paris-Sud University, Villejuif, France; Anthony M. Joshua, Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, Toronto, ON, Canada; Richard Kefford, Crown Princess Mary Cancer Centre, Westmead Hospital and Melanoma Institute Australia; Richard Kefford, Macquarie University; and Richard Kefford and Peter Hersey, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia.
authors.forename: Kenneth
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Emancipator
authors.affiliation: Adil I. Daud, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco; Antoni Ribas, University of California, Los Angeles; Omid Hamid, The Angeles Clinic and Research Institute, Los Angeles; Charlotte Roach and Grant Toland, Dako North America, Carpinteria, CA; Jedd D. Wolchok, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY; Wen-Jen Hwu, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston; Amita Patnaik, South Texas Accelerated Research Therapeutics, San Antonio, TX; Jeffrey S. Weber, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa; Richard Joseph, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL; F. Stephen Hodi, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA; Tara C. Gangadhar, Abramson Cancer Center at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia; Hassane Zarour, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA; Roxana Dronca, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN; Jared K. Lunceford, Xiaoyun Nicole Li, Kenneth Emancipator, Marisa Dolled-Filhart, S. Peter Kang, and Scot Ebbinghaus, Merck & Co, Kenilworth, NJ; Caroline Robert, Gustave Roussy and Paris-Sud University, Villejuif, France; Anthony M. Joshua, Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, Toronto, ON, Canada; Richard Kefford, Crown Princess Mary Cancer Centre, Westmead Hospital and Melanoma Institute Australia; Richard Kefford, Macquarie University; and Richard Kefford and Peter Hersey, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia.
authors.forename: Marisa
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Dolled-Filhart
authors.affiliation: Adil I. Daud, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco; Antoni Ribas, University of California, Los Angeles; Omid Hamid, The Angeles Clinic and Research Institute, Los Angeles; Charlotte Roach and Grant Toland, Dako North America, Carpinteria, CA; Jedd D. Wolchok, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY; Wen-Jen Hwu, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston; Amita Patnaik, South Texas Accelerated Research Therapeutics, San Antonio, TX; Jeffrey S. Weber, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa; Richard Joseph, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL; F. Stephen Hodi, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA; Tara C. Gangadhar, Abramson Cancer Center at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia; Hassane Zarour, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA; Roxana Dronca, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN; Jared K. Lunceford, Xiaoyun Nicole Li, Kenneth Emancipator, Marisa Dolled-Filhart, S. Peter Kang, and Scot Ebbinghaus, Merck & Co, Kenilworth, NJ; Caroline Robert, Gustave Roussy and Paris-Sud University, Villejuif, France; Anthony M. Joshua, Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, Toronto, ON, Canada; Richard Kefford, Crown Princess Mary Cancer Centre, Westmead Hospital and Melanoma Institute Australia; Richard Kefford, Macquarie University; and Richard Kefford and Peter Hersey, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia.
authors.forename: S Peter
authors.initials: SP
authors.lastname: Kang
authors.affiliation: Adil I. Daud, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco; Antoni Ribas, University of California, Los Angeles; Omid Hamid, The Angeles Clinic and Research Institute, Los Angeles; Charlotte Roach and Grant Toland, Dako North America, Carpinteria, CA; Jedd D. Wolchok, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY; Wen-Jen Hwu, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston; Amita Patnaik, South Texas Accelerated Research Therapeutics, San Antonio, TX; Jeffrey S. Weber, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa; Richard Joseph, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL; F. Stephen Hodi, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA; Tara C. Gangadhar, Abramson Cancer Center at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia; Hassane Zarour, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA; Roxana Dronca, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN; Jared K. Lunceford, Xiaoyun Nicole Li, Kenneth Emancipator, Marisa Dolled-Filhart, S. Peter Kang, and Scot Ebbinghaus, Merck & Co, Kenilworth, NJ; Caroline Robert, Gustave Roussy and Paris-Sud University, Villejuif, France; Anthony M. Joshua, Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, Toronto, ON, Canada; Richard Kefford, Crown Princess Mary Cancer Centre, Westmead Hospital and Melanoma Institute Australia; Richard Kefford, Macquarie University; and Richard Kefford and Peter Hersey, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia.
authors.forename: Scot
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Ebbinghaus
authors.affiliation: Adil I. Daud, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco; Antoni Ribas, University of California, Los Angeles; Omid Hamid, The Angeles Clinic and Research Institute, Los Angeles; Charlotte Roach and Grant Toland, Dako North America, Carpinteria, CA; Jedd D. Wolchok, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY; Wen-Jen Hwu, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston; Amita Patnaik, South Texas Accelerated Research Therapeutics, San Antonio, TX; Jeffrey S. Weber, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa; Richard Joseph, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL; F. Stephen Hodi, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA; Tara C. Gangadhar, Abramson Cancer Center at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia; Hassane Zarour, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA; Roxana Dronca, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN; Jared K. Lunceford, Xiaoyun Nicole Li, Kenneth Emancipator, Marisa Dolled-Filhart, S. Peter Kang, and Scot Ebbinghaus, Merck & Co, Kenilworth, NJ; Caroline Robert, Gustave Roussy and Paris-Sud University, Villejuif, France; Anthony M. Joshua, Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, Toronto, ON, Canada; Richard Kefford, Crown Princess Mary Cancer Centre, Westmead Hospital and Melanoma Institute Australia; Richard Kefford, Macquarie University; and Richard Kefford and Peter Hersey, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia.
authors.forename: Omid
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Hamid
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D061067:Antibodies, Monoclonal, Humanized / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D000970:Antineoplastic Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D060890:B7-H1 Antigen / Q000378:metabolism*; D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor / Q000378:metabolism; D004334:Drug Administration Schedule; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D008297:Male; D008545:Melanoma / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000276:immunology* / Q000473:pathology; D008875:Middle Aged; D009367:Neoplasm Staging; D061026:Programmed Cell Death 1 Receptor / Q000378:metabolism*; D015996:Survival Rate; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D061067:Antibodies, Monoclonal, Humanized; D000970:Antineoplastic Agents; D060890:B7-H1 Antigen; D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor; D061026:Programmed Cell Death 1 Receptor; C582435:pembrolizumab