title: Aberrant IgA1 Glycosylation in IgA Nephropathy: A Systematic Review.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Galactose-deficient IgA1 was evaluated in patients with IgA nephropathy(IgAN) and controls in order to determine the predictive value of galactose-deficient IgA1 in cases of IgA nephropathy.
  
  
  METHODS
  PubMed, EMBASE, Cochrane central register of controlled trials, CNKI, CBM disc, and VIP database were searched to identify eligible studies that evaluated a difference in aberrant IgA1 glycosylation in IgAN patients compared with controls. A meta-analysis was conducted to evaluate the impact of galactose-deficient IgA1(Gd-IgA1) levels in different groups.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A total of 22 studies (n = 1657) met inclusion criteria. The mean Newcastle-Ottawa Scale (NOS) score was 7.2 and ranged from 6 to 8. The standard mean difference(SMD) in the meta-analysis of 20 studies of the level of Gd-IgA1 in the serum and/or supernatant of cultured cells was higher in the IgAN group compared with healthy controls as well as in those with other renal diseases (SMD = 1.76, 95% CI = 1.18-2.34, P<0.00001; SMD = 1.05, 95% CI = 0.05-2.04, P = 0.04). The data synthesis suggested that IgAN patients had similar levels of serum Gd-IgA1, with no significant differences, compared with first-degree relatives and Henoch-Schonlein purpura nephritis (HSPN) patients (MD = 0.04, 95% CI = 0.00-0.08, P = 0.05; MD = -46.03, 95% CI = -217.70-125.64, P = 0.60). In addition, the combined MD of 5 studies indicated that there were no significant differences in Gd-IgA1 levels among patients with varying severities of IgAN (MD = 0.02, 95% CI = -0.02-0.05, P = 0.28).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The pooled evidence suggests that the level of Gd-IgA1 in the serum or supernatant of cultured cells from peripheral blood or tonsils may be a useful biomarker for predicting IgA nephropathy, though the level of Gd-IgA1 was not significantly associated with disease severity.
authors.affiliation: Beijing Children's Hospital affiliated to Capital Medical University, Nephrology Department, Beijing Key Laboratory of Pediatric Chronic Kidney Disease and Blood Purification, Beijing, 100045, China.
authors.forename: Qiang
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Sun
authors.affiliation: The Affiliated Bayi Brain Hospital, The Military General Hospital of Beijing PLA, Beijing, 100053, China.
authors.forename: Zhenhai
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: Beijing Children's Hospital affiliated to Capital Medical University, Nephrology Department, Beijing Key Laboratory of Pediatric Chronic Kidney Disease and Blood Purification, Beijing, 100045, China.
authors.forename: Hong
authors.identifier: http://orcid.org/0000-0003-4037-7497
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: Beijing Children's Hospital affiliated to Capital Medical University, Nephrology Department, Beijing Key Laboratory of Pediatric Chronic Kidney Disease and Blood Purification, Beijing, 100045, China.
authors.forename: Xiaorong
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Liu
mesh_terms: D015415:Biomarkers / Q000097:blood / Q000737:chemistry; D042241:Early Diagnosis; D005260:Female; D005690:Galactose / Q000378:metabolism*; D005922:Glomerulonephritis, IGA / Q000276:immunology*; D006031:Glycosylation; D006801:Humans; D007070:Immunoglobulin A / Q000097:blood* / Q000737:chemistry; D008297:Male; D016032:Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; D007070:Immunoglobulin A; D005690:Galactose