title: Thalidomide for steroid-dependent chronic disseminated candidiasis after stem cell transplantation: A case report.
abstract: Chronic disseminated candidiasis (CDC) is a rare and difficult-to-treat invasive fungal disease occurring mainly after prolonged and profound neutropenia. We describe the case of a 59-year-old man successfully treated with thalidomide for CDC recurrences after an autologous transplantation. We add evidence of the effectiveness of immunomodulatory drugs to manage inflammatory reconstitution immune syndrome-related refractory CDC.
authors.affiliation: Hôpital Necker-Enfants Malades, Centre d'Infectiologie Necker Pasteur, APHP, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Institut Hospitalo-Universitaire Imagine, Paris, France.
authors.forename: Blandine
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Rammaert
authors.affiliation: Hôpital Necker-Enfants Malades, Immunologie Biologique, APHP, Paris, France.|PRES Sorbonne-Paris-Cité, Université Paris Descartes, Paris, France.
authors.forename: Sophie
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Candon
authors.affiliation: Hôpital Européen Georges Pompidou, Service de Médecine Nucléaire, APHP, Paris, France.
authors.forename: Christophe
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Maunoury
authors.affiliation: PRES Sorbonne-Paris-Cité, Université Paris Descartes, Paris, France.|Hôpital Necker-Enfants Malades, Laboratoire de Microbiologie, Unité de Mycologie-Parasitologie, APHP, Paris, France.
authors.forename: Marie-Elisabeth
authors.initials: ME
authors.lastname: Bougnoux
authors.affiliation: PRES Sorbonne-Paris-Cité, Université Paris Descartes, Paris, France.|Institut Pasteur, Unité d'histopathologie Humaine et Modèles Animaux, Paris, France.
authors.forename: Grégory
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Jouvion
authors.affiliation: Hôpital Avicenne, Service d'hématologie, APHP, Bobigny, France.
authors.forename: Thorsten
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Braun
authors.affiliation: Hôpital Necker-Enfants Malades, Service de Radiologie Adulte, APHP, Paris, France.
authors.forename: Jean-Michel
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Correas
authors.affiliation: Hôpital Necker-Enfants Malades, Centre d'Infectiologie Necker Pasteur, APHP, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Institut Hospitalo-Universitaire Imagine, Paris, France.|PRES Sorbonne-Paris-Cité, Université Paris Descartes, Paris, France.|Institut Pasteur, Unité de Mycologie Moléculaire, Centre National de Référence Mycoses Invasives et Antifongiques, Paris, France.|CNRS, URA 3012, Paris, France.
authors.forename: Olivier
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Lortholary
mesh_terms: D000935:Antifungal Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use; D016026:Bone Marrow Transplantation / Q000009:adverse effects*; D002176:Candida albicans / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D002177:Candidiasis / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000276:immunology; D002908:Chronic Disease; D015725:Fluconazole / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use; D005938:Glucocorticoids / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D006689:Hodgkin Disease / Q000150:complications / Q000601:surgery*; D006801:Humans; D054019:Immune Reconstitution Inflammatory Syndrome / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000276:immunology; D007166:Immunosuppressive Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009503:Neutropenia / Q000150:complications; D000072078:Positron Emission Tomography Computed Tomography; D012008:Recurrence; D013792:Thalidomide / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D014184:Transplantation, Homologous / Q000009:adverse effects; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D000935:Antifungal Agents; D005938:Glucocorticoids; D007166:Immunosuppressive Agents; D013792:Thalidomide; D015725:Fluconazole
keywords: 
  Candida
  ; chronic disseminated candidiasis; immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome; stem cell transplantation