title: Dermal uptake of phthalates from clothing: Comparison of model to human participant results.
abstract: In this research, we extend a model of transdermal uptake of phthalates to include a layer of clothing. When compared with experimental results, this model better estimates dermal uptake of diethylphthalate and di-n-butylphthalate (DnBP) than a previous model. The model predictions are consistent with the observation that previously exposed clothing can increase dermal uptake over that observed in bare-skin participants for the same exposure air concentrations. The model predicts that dermal uptake from clothing of DnBP is a substantial fraction of total uptake from all sources of exposure. For compounds that have high dermal permeability coefficients, dermal uptake is increased for (i) thinner clothing, (ii) a narrower gap between clothing and skin, and (iii) longer time intervals between laundering and wearing. Enhanced dermal uptake is most pronounced for compounds with clothing-air partition coefficients between 104and 107. In the absence of direct measurements of cotton cloth-air partition coefficients, dermal exposure may be predicted using equilibrium data for compounds in equilibrium with cellulose and water, in combination with computational methods of predicting partition coefficients.
authors.affiliation: Missouri University of Science & Technology, Rolla, MO, USA.
authors.forename: G C
authors.initials: GC
authors.lastname: Morrison
authors.affiliation: EOHSI, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ, USA.|Technical University of Denmark, Lyngby, Denmark.
authors.forename: C J
authors.initials: CJ
authors.lastname: Weschler
authors.affiliation: Technical University of Denmark, Lyngby, Denmark.
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Bekö
mesh_terms: D003020:Clothing; D003198:Computer Simulation; D006801:Humans; D008956:Models, Chemical; D010795:Phthalic Acids / Q000032:analysis*; D012869:Skin Absorption / Q000187:drug effects*; D014556:Urine / Q000737:chemistry
chemical_list: D010795:Phthalic Acids; C032279:phthalic acid; C007379:diethyl phthalate
keywords: absorption; exposure; fabric; model; semivolatile organic compounds; skin