title: Formulation design space for stable, pH sensitive crystalline nifedipine nanoparticles.
abstract: Enteric coated formulations protect drugs from degrading in the harsh environment of the stomach (acidic pH and enzymes), and promotes drug delivery to and absorption into the duodenum and/or later parts of the intestine. Four DoE models were applied to optimize formulation parameters for the preparation of pH sensitive nifedipine nanoparticles. Stability studies were performed on the optimized formulations to monitor any possible variation in particle size distribution, homogeneity index, surface charge and drug release (pH 1.2 and pH 6.8). Stability studies were performed for 3 months at 4°C, 25°C and 40°C. A combination of Eudragit®L 100-55 and polyvinyl alcohol was determined to be the most effective in stabilizing the nanoparticle suspension. The average particle size distribution, polydispersity index and surface charge of the optimized pH sensitive nifedipine nanoparticles were determined to be 131.86±8.21nm, 0.135±0.008 and -7.631±0.146mV, respectively. Following three months storage, it was observed that the formulations stored at 4°C were stable in terms of particle size distribution, polydispersity index, surface charge, drug loading and drug release, whereas those stored at 25°C and 40°C were relatively unstable. A predictive model to prepare stable pH sensitive nifedipine nanoparticles, was successfully developed using multiple linear regression analysis.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269, United States.
authors.forename: Rajan
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Jog
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269, United States.
authors.forename: Kenechi
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Unachukwu
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269, United States. Electronic address: diane.burgess@uconn.edu.
authors.forename: Diane J
authors.initials: DJ
authors.lastname: Burgess
mesh_terms: D000180:Acrylic Resins / Q000737:chemistry; D002626:Chemistry, Pharmaceutical / Q000379:methods; D016503:Drug Delivery Systems / Q000379:methods; D065546:Drug Liberation; D006863:Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; D053758:Nanoparticles / Q000737:chemistry*; D009543:Nifedipine / Q000737:chemistry*; D010316:Particle Size; D011142:Polyvinyl Alcohol / Q000737:chemistry; D012044:Regression Analysis; D012995:Solubility; D013535:Suspensions / Q000737:chemistry; D013696:Temperature
chemical_list: D000180:Acrylic Resins; C446821:Eudragit L100-55; D013535:Suspensions; D011142:Polyvinyl Alcohol; D009543:Nifedipine
keywords: DoE; Enteric coating; Eudragit; Stability testing; in vitro dissolution testing; pH sensitive nifedipine nanoparticles