title: Computerized cytometry and wavelet analysis of follicular lesions for detecting malignancy: A pilot study in thyroid cytology.
abstract: The cytologic diagnosis of indeterminate lesions of the thyroid involves much uncertainty, and the final diagnosis often requires operative resection. Computerized cytomorphometry and wavelets analysis were examined to evaluate their ability to better discriminate between benign and malignant lesions based on cytology slides.
  
  
  
  Cytologic reports from patients who underwent thyroid operation in a single, tertiary referral center were retrieved. Patients with Bethesda III and IV lesions were divided according to their final histopathology. Cytomorphometry and wavelet analysis were performed on the digitized images of the cytology slides.
  
  
  
  Cytology slides of 40 patients were analyzed. Seven patients had a histologic diagnosis of follicular malignancy, 13 had follicular adenomas, and 20 had a benign goiter. Computerized cytomorphometry with a combination of descriptors of nuclear size, shape, and texture was able to predict quantitatively adenoma versus malignancy within the indeterminate group with 95% accuracy. An automated wavelets analysis with a neural network algorithm reached an accuracy of 96% in identifying correctly malignant vs. benign lesions based on cytology.
  
  
  
  Computerized analysis of cytology slides seems to be more accurate in defining indeterminate thyroid lesions compared with conventional cytologic analysis, which is based on visual characteristics on cytology as well as the expertise of the cytologist. This pilot study needs to be validated with a greater number of samples. Providing a successful validation, we believe that such methods carry promise for better patient treatment.
authors.affiliation: Department of General Surgery, Rambam Health Care Campus, Haifa, Israel. Electronic address: hgilshtein@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Hayim
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Gilshtein
authors.affiliation: Department of General Surgery, Rambam Health Care Campus, Haifa, Israel; The Technion, Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel.
authors.forename: Michal
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Mekel
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathology, Rambam Health Care Campus, Haifa, Israel.
authors.forename: Leonid
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Malkin
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathology, Rambam Health Care Campus, Haifa, Israel; The Technion, Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel.
authors.forename: Ofer
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Ben-Izhak
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathology, Rambam Health Care Campus, Haifa, Israel; The Technion, Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel.
authors.forename: Edmond
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Sabo
mesh_terms: D018263:Adenocarcinoma, Follicular / Q000473:pathology*; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D001707:Biopsy, Needle; D003581:Cytodiagnosis; D003936:Diagnosis, Computer-Assisted; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D019044:Image Cytometry; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010865:Pilot Projects; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012494:Sampling Studies; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D013964:Thyroid Neoplasms / Q000473:pathology*; D016606:Thyroid Nodule / Q000473:pathology*; D058067:Wavelet Analysis