title: Immunology Update: New Vaccines.
abstract: A new 9-valent human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccine is effective against more cancer-causing HPV types than previous vaccines. HPV vaccine series started with previous vaccines can be completed with the 9-valent vaccine. Two new influenza vaccines are available for adults 65 years and older: a high-dose vaccine and an enhanced adjuvant vaccine. These elicit stronger antibody responses than standard-dose vaccines. Current guidelines specify no preference for the new versus standard-dose vaccines. Two new group B meningococcal vaccines are intended for use during outbreaks and for patients with asplenia, complement deficiencies, frequent occupational meningococcus exposure, or for patients who desire protection from type B meningococcus. These are not substitutes for the quadrivalent vaccine already in use. For pneumococcus, new recommendations state that 13-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (PCV13) should be administered to patients 65 years and older, followed at least 1 year later by the polyvalent pneumococcal polysaccharide vaccine (PPSV23). For patients ages 19 to 64 years with immunocompromise and not previously vaccinated against pneumococcus, administration of these two vaccines should be separated by at least 8 weeks. Rotavirus vaccine is standard for infants at age 2 months. Also, there is a new cholera vaccine approved for use in the United States.
authors.affiliation: Department of Family Medicine Louisiana State University School of Medicine, 1542 Tulane Ave, New Orleans, LA 70112.
authors.forename: S Paul
authors.initials: SP
authors.lastname: Starr
mesh_terms: D000276:Adjuvants, Immunologic; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D006801:Humans; D007252:Influenza Vaccines / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000276:immunology; D053918:Papillomavirus Vaccines / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000276:immunology; D022242:Pneumococcal Vaccines / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000276:immunology; D017410:Practice Guidelines as Topic; D022243:Rotavirus Vaccines / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000276:immunology; D014195:Travel; D014481:United States; D014612:Vaccines / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000276:immunology*
chemical_list: C538862:13-valent pneumococcal vaccine; D000276:Adjuvants, Immunologic; D007252:Influenza Vaccines; D053918:Papillomavirus Vaccines; D022242:Pneumococcal Vaccines; D022243:Rotavirus Vaccines; D014612:Vaccines