title: Exposure to ultraviolet radiation late in development increases the toxicity of oil to mahi-mahi (Coryphaena hippurus) embryos.
abstract: The Deepwater Horizon oil spill in 2010 overlapped with the spawning of many pelagic fish species in the Gulf of Mexico, including mahi-mahi (Coryphaena hippurus). Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) released during the spill have been shown to cause photo-induced toxicity under ultraviolet (UV) radiation. In the present study, mahi-mahi embryos were exposed to high-energy water accommodated fractions of source and naturally weathered oils for up to 48 h. The timing of co-exposure with UV radiation varied between an early development exposure for 8 h or a late development exposure for 8 h. The UV co-exposure had a photo-induced toxic effect on hatching success for all oil types and exposure scenarios. A more sensitive developmental window to photo-induced toxicity was observed when UV exposure occurred late in development. Source Oil B was over 6-fold more toxic, and Massachusetts source oil was 1.6-fold more toxic when the embryos were co-exposed to UV light late in development. Furthermore, weathered oil from the surface co-exposure with UV late in development resulted in bradycardia in the mahi-mahi. The present study provides evidence that the developmental window when UV co-exposure occurs has a significant effect on the degree of photo-induced toxicity of oil and that UV co-exposure may exacerbate long-term cardiac effects in developing fish. Environ Toxicol Chem 2017;36:1592-1598. © 2016 SETAC.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biological Sciences and Advanced Environmental Research Institute, University of North Texas, Denton, Texas, USA.
authors.forename: Lauren E
authors.initials: LE
authors.lastname: Sweet
authors.affiliation: Department of Biological Sciences and Advanced Environmental Research Institute, University of North Texas, Denton, Texas, USA.
authors.forename: Jason
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Magnuson
authors.affiliation: Department of Biological Sciences and Advanced Environmental Research Institute, University of North Texas, Denton, Texas, USA.
authors.forename: T Ross
authors.initials: TR
authors.lastname: Garner
authors.affiliation: Department of Biological Sciences and Advanced Environmental Research Institute, University of North Texas, Denton, Texas, USA.
authors.forename: Matthew M
authors.initials: MM
authors.lastname: Alloy
authors.affiliation: Rosenstiel School of Marine and Atmospheric Science, Department of Marine Biology and Ecology, University of Miami, Miami, Florida, USA.
authors.forename: John D
authors.initials: JD
authors.lastname: Stieglitz
authors.affiliation: Rosenstiel School of Marine and Atmospheric Science, Department of Marine Biology and Ecology, University of Miami, Miami, Florida, USA.
authors.forename: Daniel
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Benetti
authors.affiliation: Rosenstiel School of Marine and Atmospheric Science, Department of Marine Biology and Ecology, University of Miami, Miami, Florida, USA.
authors.forename: Martin
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Grosell
authors.affiliation: Department of Biological Sciences and Advanced Environmental Research Institute, University of North Texas, Denton, Texas, USA.
authors.forename: Aaron P
authors.initials: AP
authors.lastname: Roberts
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D004625:Embryo, Nonmammalian / Q000187:drug effects / Q000528:radiation effects*; D010473:Perciformes / Q000196:embryology*; D010578:Petroleum / Q000633:toxicity*; D059392:Petroleum Pollution; D011084:Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons; D014466:Ultraviolet Rays / Q000009:adverse effects*; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical / Q000633:toxicity*
chemical_list: D010578:Petroleum; D011084:Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical
keywords: Oil spills; Photo-induced toxicity; Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs)