title: Improvement of anthropometric and biochemical, but not of vitamin A, status in adolescents who undergo Roux-en-Y gastric bypass: a 1-year follow up study.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The aim of this study was to describe anthropometric, biochemical, co-morbidity, and vitamin A nutritional status in severely obese adolescents before and 30, 180, and 365 days after Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (RYGB).
  
  
  METHODS
  Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
  
  
  METHODS
  Sixty-four adolescents (15-19 years old) with a body mass index≥40 kg/m2were enrolled in a prospective follow-up study. Vitamin A status was evaluated before surgery (T0), and 30 (T30), 180 (T180), and 365 (T365) days after surgery, applying biochemical and functional indicators. Anthropometric measures, lipid profile, glycemia, and basal insulin also were assessed. No patients were lost during follow-up.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Before surgery, 26.6% of the sample group experienced vitamin A deficiency (VAD). Serum retinol levels dropped significantly 30 days after surgery and then returned to basal levels. There was a significant increase in the prevalence of β-carotene deficiency and night blindness throughout the postsurgery period. A significant reduction in blood glucose, insulin resistance, lipid profile, and anthropometric parameters was observed.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The finding that oral daily supplementation with 5000 IU retinol acetate failed to reverse VAD and night blindness after RYGB is highly significant. We recommend assessment of VAD and night blindness in extremely obese adolescents before and after RYGB. We further recommend monitoring for an additional 180 days (for VAD) and 365 days (for night blindness) after surgery, with particular attention to daily supplementation needs.
authors.affiliation: Center for Research on Micronutrients, Institute of Nutrition, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
authors.forename: Jacqueline Souza
authors.initials: JS
authors.lastname: Silva
authors.affiliation: National Cancer Institute, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. Electronic address: gabrielavc@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Gabriela Villaça
authors.initials: GV
authors.lastname: Chaves
authors.affiliation: Center for Research on Micronutrients, Institute of Nutrition, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
authors.forename: Ana Paula
authors.initials: AP
authors.lastname: Stenzel
authors.affiliation: Center for Research on Micronutrients, Institute of Nutrition, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
authors.forename: Silvia Elaine
authors.initials: SE
authors.lastname: Pereira
authors.affiliation: Surgical Clinic, Center for Research on Micronutrients, Institute of Nutrition, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
authors.forename: Carlos José
authors.initials: CJ
authors.lastname: Saboya
authors.affiliation: Department of Social and Applied Nutrition, Center for Research on Micronutrients, Institute of Nutrition, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
authors.forename: Andréa
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Ramalho
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000886:Anthropometry; D001786:Blood Glucose / Q000378:metabolism; D008078:Cholesterol, LDL / Q000378:metabolism; D004224:Diterpenes; D004812:Epidemiologic Methods; D005260:Female; D015390:Gastric Bypass; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D055118:Medication Adherence; D009767:Obesity, Morbid / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000601:surgery*; D063766:Pediatric Obesity / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000601:surgery*; D000084562:Retinyl Esters; D014280:Triglycerides / Q000378:metabolism; D014801:Vitamin A / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000031:analogs & derivatives / Q000378:metabolism*; D014802:Vitamin A Deficiency / Q000150:complications* / Q000378:metabolism; D014815:Vitamins / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D001786:Blood Glucose; D008078:Cholesterol, LDL; D004224:Diterpenes; D000084562:Retinyl Esters; D014280:Triglycerides; D014815:Vitamins; D014801:Vitamin A; C009166:retinol acetate
keywords: Bariatric surgery; Nutritional status; Vitamin A