title: Exophytic Verrucous Hyperplasia of the Oral Cavity – Application of Standardized Criteria for Diagnosis from a Consensus Report
abstract: Verruco-papillary lesions (VPLs) of the oral cavity described in the literature involve a spectrum of conditions 
  including squamous papilloma, verruca vulgaris, focal epithelial hyperplasia, condyloma, proliferative verrucous
  leukoplakia and verrucous carcinoma. A majority of the VPLs are slow growing, benign in nature and have a
  viral aetiology. Virus associated benign mucosal outgrowths are not too difficult to diagnose either clinically or
  by microscopy. Apart from virus-associated lesions, VPLs harboring malignant potential or behaviour such as
  verrucous carcinoma, proliferative verrucous leukoplakia, oral verrucous hyperplasia (OVH), oral papillary
  squamous cell carcinoma (PSCC) and oral conventional squamous cell carcinoma with papillary features (CSCC)
  need to be further clarified for better understanding of their predictable biologic behavior and appropriate
  treatment. Current understanding of potentially malignant VPLs is perplexing and is primarily attributed to
  the use of confusing and unsatisfactory terminology. In particular, the condition referred to as oral verrucous
  hyperplasia (OVH) poses a major diagnostic challenge. OVH represents a histopathological entity whose clinical
  features are not well recognised and is usually clinically indistinguishable from a verrucous carcinoma and a
  PSCC or a CSCC. A consensus report published by an expert working group from South Asia as an outcome of
  the ‘First Asian Regional Meeting on the Terminology and Criteria for Verruco-papillary Lesions of the Oral
  Cavity’ held in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia, recognised the clinical description of these OVH as a new entity named
  ‘Exophytic Verrucous Hyperplasia’. Previously described clinical features of OVH such as the ‘blunt’ or ‘sharp’
  variants; and the ‘mass’ or ‘plaque’ variants can now collectively fall under this newly described entity. This paper
  discusses in detail the application of the standardized criteria guidelines of ‘Exophytic Verrucous Hyperplasia’
  as published by the expert group which will enable clinicians and pathologists to uniformly interpret their pool
  of OVH cases and facilitate a better understanding of OVH malignant potential.
authors.affiliation: Oral Cancer Research and Coordinating Centre & Department of Oro-Maxillofacial Surgical and Medical Sciences, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
authors.forename: Rosnah Binti
authors.initials: RB
authors.lastname: Zain
authors.affiliation: Oral Cancer Research and Coordinating Centre & Department of Oro-Maxillofacial Surgical and Medical Sciences, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
authors.forename: Thomas George
authors.initials: TG
authors.lastname: Kallarakkal
authors.affiliation: Oral Cancer Research and Coordinating Centre & Department of Oro-Maxillofacial Surgical and Medical Sciences, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
authors.forename: Anand
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Ramanathan
authors.affiliation: Department of Oral Pathology, Oral Cancer Research Institute , Yonsei University College of Dentistry, Seoul, Korea
authors.forename: Jin
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.affiliation: Centre for Research in Oral Cancer, Faculty of Dental Sciences, University of Peradeniya, Sri Lanka
authors.forename: W M
authors.initials: WM
authors.lastname: Tilakaratne
authors.affiliation: Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Pathobiology, Institute of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
authors.forename: Takashi
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Takata
authors.affiliation: Department of Oral Medicine, King’s College London, WHO Collaborating Centre for Oral Cancer, London, United Kingdom
authors.forename: Saman
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Warnakulasuriya
authors.affiliation: Department of Oral Pathology and Microbiology, Government Dental College and Hospital, Nagpur, India
authors.forename: Vinay Kumar
authors.initials: VK
authors.lastname: Hazarey
authors.affiliation: Department of Oral Diagnostic and Surgical Sciences, Dental School Health Sciences, University of Otago, New Zealand
authors.forename: Alison
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Rich
authors.affiliation: Department of Oral Diagnostic and Surgical Sciences, Dental School Health Sciences, University of Otago, New Zealand
authors.forename: Haizal Mohd
authors.initials: HM
authors.lastname: Hussaini
authors.affiliation: Stomatology Unit, Institute for Medical Research, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
authors.forename: Ajura
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Jalil
keywords: Verrucopapillary lesions; verrucous hyperplasia; proliferative verrucous leukoplakia; malignant potential