title: Pimpinella anisum L. ethanolic extract ameliorates the gentamicin- induced nephrotoxicity in rats.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Gentamicin (GM) is one of the commonest causes of drug-induced nephrotoxicity. Moreover, oxidative stress plays an important role in gentamicin-induced nephrotoxicity. The current study aimed to explore the antioxidant and protective effects of Pimpinella anisum (P. anisum) on the alleviation of GM-induced damage.
  
  
  METHODS
  Forty male wistar rats were divided into four groups: control, sham that was administrated normal saline orally and intraperitoneally (i.p.), GM that received 100 mg/kg bw/day i.p., GM and ethanolic extract of P. anisum that was administrated at an oral dose of 300 mg/kg bw/day for 8 days. Creatinine, Na+, K+and blood urea nitrogen (BUN) levels were measured. The levels of ferric-reducing-antioxidant-power (FRAP) and malondialdehyde (MDA) were measured to evaluate the oxidative stress induced by GM. Kidney tissues were stained to determine the degree of tissue damage.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The plasma levels of creatinine, BUN, MDA and the absolute excretion of sodium and potassium were increased in the GM group, while FRAP level was reduced compared to the sham group. In addition, congestion of renal Vessels and tubular cell necrosis was observed. We found that 300 mg/kg bw/day P. anisum significantly reduced the plasma concentrations of renal function markers in the group receiving GM (P < 0.05). Additionally, gentamicin-induced tubule damage was improved by P. anisum.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  We demonstrated the potential therapeutic impact of P. anisum to attenuate GM-induced nephrotoxicity. Therefore, the simultaneous use of ethanolic extract of P. anisum during GM administration is recommended to reduce its nephrotoxicity effects.
authors.affiliation: Department of Physiology, School of Paramedical Sciences, Arak University of Medical Sciences, Arak, IR, Iran.
authors.forename: Saeed
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Changizi-Ashtiyani
authors.affiliation: Medical Student, Student Research Committee, Arak University of Medical Sciences, Arak, IR, Iran.
authors.forename: Amirhassan
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Seddigh
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicinal Plants, University of Arak, Arak, IR, Iran.
authors.forename: Houshang
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Najafi
authors.affiliation: Traditional and Complementary Medicine Research Center (TCMRC), Arak University of Medical Sciences, Arak, IR, Iran.
authors.forename: Nasser
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Hossaini
authors.affiliation: Medical Biology Research Center, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, IR, Iran.
authors.forename: Amir
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Avan
authors.affiliation: Molecular Medicine Group, Department of Modern Sciences and Technologies, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, IR, Iran.
authors.forename: Ahmad
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Akbary
authors.affiliation: Immunology Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, IR, Iran.
authors.forename: Mostafa
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Manian
authors.affiliation: Student Research Committee, Department of Medical Biotechnology, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, IR, Iran.
authors.forename: Reza
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Nedaeinia
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000975:Antioxidants / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000494:pharmacology*; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000097:blood; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D000431:Ethanol / Q000737:chemistry*; D005839:Gentamicins; D007668:Kidney / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D007674:Kidney Diseases / Q000097:blood / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000473:pathology / Q000517:prevention & control*; D007677:Kidney Function Tests; D008297:Male; D018384:Oxidative Stress / Q000187:drug effects*; D008517:Phytotherapy; D028042:Pimpinella / Q000737:chemistry*; D035261:Plant Components, Aerial; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000494:pharmacology*; D010946:Plants, Medicinal; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D012997:Solvents / Q000737:chemistry*
chemical_list: D000975:Antioxidants; D015415:Biomarkers; D005839:Gentamicins; D010936:Plant Extracts; D012997:Solvents; D000431:Ethanol
keywords: Gentamicin; Nephrotoxicity; Pimpinella anisum L; Rat