title: White Matter Volume Predicts Language Development in Congenital Heart Disease.
abstract: To determine whether brain volume is reduced at 1 year of age and whether these volumes are associated with neurodevelopment in biventricular congenital heart disease (CHD) repaired in infancy.
  
  
  
  Infants with biventricular CHD (n = 48) underwent brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and neurodevelopmental testing with the Bayley Scales of Infant Development-II and the MacArthur-Bates Communicative Development Inventories at 1 year of age. A multitemplate based probabilistic segmentation algorithm was applied to volumetric MRI data. We compared volumes with those of 13 healthy control infants of comparable ages. In the group with CHD, we measured Spearman correlations between neurodevelopmental outcomes and the residuals from linear regression of the volumes on corrected chronological age at MRI and sex.
  
  
  
  Compared with controls, infants with CHD had reductions of 54 mL in total brain (P = .009), 40 mL in cerebral white matter (P <.001), and 1.2 mL in brainstem (P = .003) volumes. Within the group with CHD, brain volumes were not correlated with Bayley Scales of Infant Development-II scores but did correlate positively with MacArthur-Bates Communicative Development Inventory language development.
  
  
  
  Infants with biventricular CHD show total brain volume reductions at 1 year of age, driven by differences in cerebral white matter. White matter volume correlates with language development, but not broader developmental indices. These findings suggest that abnormalities in white matter development detected months after corrective heart surgery may contribute to language impairment.
  
  
  
  ClinicalTrials.gov: NCT00006183.
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA; Department of Neurology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA.
authors.forename: Caitlin K
authors.initials: CK
authors.lastname: Rollins
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardiology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA.
authors.forename: Lisa A
authors.initials: LA
authors.lastname: Asaro
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA; Department of Anesthesia, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA.
authors.forename: Alireza
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Akhondi-Asl
authors.affiliation: Department of Anesthesia, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA; Department of Anesthesiology, Perioperative and Pain Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA.
authors.forename: Barry D
authors.initials: BD
authors.lastname: Kussman
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA; Department of Neurology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA; Department of Radiology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA; Department of Psychiatry, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA.
authors.forename: Michael J
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Rivkin
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA; Department of Neurology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA; Department of Psychiatry, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA.
authors.forename: David C
authors.initials: DC
authors.lastname: Bellinger
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA; Department of Radiology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA.
authors.forename: Simon K
authors.initials: SK
authors.lastname: Warfield
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardiology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA; Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA; Department of Biostatistics, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA.
authors.forename: David
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Wypij
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardiology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA; Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA.
authors.forename: Jane W
authors.initials: JW
authors.lastname: Newburger
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA; Department of Neurology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA. Electronic address: janet.soul@childrens.harvard.edu.
authors.forename: Janet S
authors.initials: JS
authors.lastname: Soul
mesh_terms: D002657:Child Development / Q000502:physiology; D002675:Child, Preschool; D005260:Female; D006330:Heart Defects, Congenital / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000401:mortality / Q000601:surgery*; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D007804:Language Development; D016014:Linear Models; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging / Q000379:methods*; D008297:Male; D009483:Neuropsychological Tests; D009929:Organ Size; D011237:Predictive Value of Tests; D011379:Prognosis; D012016:Reference Values; D015996:Survival Rate; D013903:Thoracic Surgery / Q000379:methods; D066127:White Matter / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000254:growth & development*
keywords: MRI; brain; infant; language; neurodevelopment