title: Crohn's Disease Is Associated with the Risk for Thyroid Cancer.
abstract: It is known that inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is associated with a high risk for some of extraintestinal cancers. The aim of this study was to identify whether IBD is associated with thyroid cancer using a large national database.
  
  
  
  We performed a case-control study using the 2012 National Inpatient Sample (NIS) database. The study group included all patients with Crohn's disease (CD) (ICD-9 Code: 555) and ulcerative colitis (UC) (ICD-9 Code: 556), and the control group included all patients with diverticulitis (ICD-9 Code: 562.11, 562.13). Both univariable and multivariable analyses were performed to assess the risk factors associated with thyroid cancer.
  
  
  
  We analyzed more than 28 million hospitalizations in 2012, with 289,935 being IBD-related admissions and 315,145 being diverticulitis-related admissions. Subjects who had IBD were found to be significantly more likely to have thyroid cancer than those with diverticulitis (odds ratio = 1.97 [1.5-2.6], P = 0.033). There was no difference between men and women in the prevalence of thyroid cancer in IBD (P = 0.6). There was no difference between CD and UC (P = 0.14) and between UC and diverticulitis (P = 0.93). In multivariate analysis, CD was found to be associated with thyroid cancer (odds ratio = 2.3 [1.06-5.1], P = 0.034). Age was shown to be a protective factor in the presence of thyroid cancer (P < 0.005), and a higher Charlson comorbidity index was associated with the presence of thyroid cancer (odds ratio, 1.5 [1.3-1.7]; P < 0.001).
  
  
  
  Our study showed that CD, not UC, is associated with a higher risk for thyroid cancer. It is recommended that patients with CD may need a close monitoring of thyroid diseases.
authors.affiliation: *Department of Internal Medicine, Fairview Hospital, the Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, Ohio; and †Center for Inflammatory Bowel Diseases, Digestive Disease and Surgery Institute, the Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, Ohio.
authors.forename: Vaibhav
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Wadhwa
authors.forename: Rocio
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Lopez
authors.forename: Bo
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Shen
mesh_terms: D016022:Case-Control Studies; D003093:Colitis, Ulcerative / Q000150:complications*; D003424:Crohn Disease / Q000150:complications*; D016208:Databases, Factual; D004238:Diverticulitis / Q000150:complications; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007297:Inpatients / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D015999:Multivariate Analysis; D015995:Prevalence; D012307:Risk Factors; D013964:Thyroid Neoplasms / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000209:etiology*; D014481:United States / Q000453:epidemiology