title: Detection of Helicobacter pylori and the genotypes of resistance to clarithromycin and the heterogeneous genotype to this antibiotic in biopsies obtained from symptomatic children.
abstract: The aim of this study was to use a commercially available kit (GenoType® HelicoDR; Hain Life Science, Germany) to detect Helicobacter pylori infection and clarithromycin resistance genotype in biopsies obtained from symptomatic children.
  
  
  RESULTS
  111 out of 136 (81.6%) biopsies were H. pylori positive by genotype: 47 (42.3%) showed wild-type genotype, 53 resistant genotype (47.7%) and 11 heterogeneous genotype (9.9%). Culture was negative in 27 out of the 111 genotyped biopsies. Mutation A2143G (87.5%), followed by A2142G (7.5%) and double mutant A2142C-A2143G (5%) were found. The 11 heterogeneous genotype biopsies showed wild-type plus A2143G in 9 and plus A2142G in 2.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This kit is a rapid, culture-independent method for routine application in biopsies from the pediatric population that allows detection of clarithromycin resistance and heterogeneous genotypes. It is important to know the clinical impact of infection with this type of strains as well as the role in treatment success.
authors.affiliation: Department of Microbiology, Hospital Universitario de La Princesa, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Princesa (IIS-IP), Madrid, Spain; Department of Preventive Medicine, Public Health and Microbiology, Medical School, Autonomous University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain.
authors.forename: John Jairo
authors.initials: JJ
authors.lastname: Aguilera-Correa
authors.affiliation: Unidad de Gastroenterologia Pediátrica, Hospital Universitario Doce de Octubre, Madrid, Spain.
authors.forename: Pedro
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Urruzuno
authors.affiliation: Unidad de Gastroenterologia Pediátrica, Hospital Universitario Fuenlabrada, Madrid, Spain.
authors.forename: Josefa
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Barrio
authors.affiliation: Unidad de Gastroenteologia Pediátrica, Hospital Universitario Niño Jesus, Madrid, Spain.
authors.forename: María José
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Martinez
authors.affiliation: Department of Microbiology, Hospital Universitario de La Princesa, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Princesa (IIS-IP), Madrid, Spain.
authors.forename: Sonia
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Agudo
authors.affiliation: Department of Microbiology, Hospital Universitario de La Princesa, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Princesa (IIS-IP), Madrid, Spain.
authors.forename: Angela
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Somodevilla
authors.affiliation: Department of Microbiology, Hospital Universitario de La Princesa, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Princesa (IIS-IP), Madrid, Spain.
authors.forename: Laura
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Llorca
authors.affiliation: Department of Microbiology, Hospital Universitario de La Princesa, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Princesa (IIS-IP), Madrid, Spain; Department of Preventive Medicine, Public Health and Microbiology, Medical School, Autonomous University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain. Electronic address: talarcon@helicobacterspain.com.
authors.forename: Teresa
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Alarcón
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents / Q000494:pharmacology*; D001706:Biopsy; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D017291:Clarithromycin / Q000494:pharmacology*; D024881:Drug Resistance, Bacterial; D005260:Female; D014644:Genetic Variation; D005838:Genotype; D016481:Helicobacter Infections / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000382:microbiology; D016480:Helicobacter pylori / Q000145:classification / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000235:genetics / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D017354:Point Mutation
chemical_list: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents; D017291:Clarithromycin
keywords: Clarithromycin resistance; Heterogeneous genotypes; Pediatric patients