title: Advances on the chromatographic determination of amphenicols in food.
abstract: Antibiotics are widely used in veterinary medicine to treat and prevent diseases and their residues can remain in food of animal origin causing adverse effects to human health. Amphenicols (chloramphenicol, thiamphenicol, and florfenicol) may be found in foodstuffs, although the use of chloramphenicol has been prohibited in many countries due to its high toxicity. Since these antibiotics are usually present at trace levels in food, sensitive and selective techniques are required to detect them. This paper reviews analytical methods used since 2002 for the quantitative analysis of amphenicols in food. Sample preparation and separation/detection techniques are described and compared. The advantages and disadvantages of these procedures are discussed. Furthermore, the worldwide legislation and occurrence of these antibiotics in food matrices as well as future trends are also presented.
authors.affiliation: LBqA - Laboratório de Bioquímica de Alimentos, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Av. Antonio Carlos 6627, Belo Horizonte, MG 31270 901, Brasil; LAMEFI - Laboratório de Medidas Físicas, Faculdade de Engenharia de Alimentos, Instituto de Tecnologia, Universidade Federal do Pará, Av. Augusto Corrêa 01, Campus Universitário do Guamá, Guama, Belém, PA, 66075 900, Brasil.
authors.forename: Letícia R
authors.initials: LR
authors.lastname: Guidi
authors.affiliation: LBqA - Laboratório de Bioquímica de Alimentos, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Av. Antonio Carlos 6627, Belo Horizonte, MG 31270 901, Brasil.
authors.forename: Patrícia A S
authors.initials: PA
authors.lastname: Tette
authors.affiliation: LBqA - Laboratório de Bioquímica de Alimentos, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Av. Antonio Carlos 6627, Belo Horizonte, MG 31270 901, Brasil; Laboratório de Controle de Qualidade de Produtos Farmacêuticos e Cosméticos, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Av. Antonio Carlos 6627, Belo Horizonte, MG 31270 901, Brasil.
authors.forename: Christian
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Fernandes
authors.affiliation: LAMEFI - Laboratório de Medidas Físicas, Faculdade de Engenharia de Alimentos, Instituto de Tecnologia, Universidade Federal do Pará, Av. Augusto Corrêa 01, Campus Universitário do Guamá, Guama, Belém, PA, 66075 900, Brasil.
authors.forename: Luiza H M
authors.initials: LH
authors.lastname: Silva
authors.affiliation: LBqA - Laboratório de Bioquímica de Alimentos, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Av. Antonio Carlos 6627, Belo Horizonte, MG 31270 901, Brasil. Electronic address: mbeatriz@ufmg.br.
authors.forename: Maria Beatriz A
authors.initials: MB
authors.lastname: Gloria
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002701:Chloramphenicol / Q000032:analysis* / Q000737:chemistry / Q000302:isolation & purification; D002845:Chromatography / Q000379:methods*; D005502:Food; D005506:Food Contamination / Q000517:prevention & control; D006801:Humans; D015394:Molecular Structure; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D013839:Thiamphenicol / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000032:analysis* / Q000737:chemistry / Q000302:isolation & purification
chemical_list: D002701:Chloramphenicol; C035534:florfenicol; D013839:Thiamphenicol
keywords: Antibiotic; Chloramphenicol; Florfenicol; Legislation; Occurrence; Quantitative methods; Thiamphenicol