title: Chromatin remodeling during in vivo neural stem cells differentiating to neurons in early Drosophila embryos.
abstract: Neurons are a key component of the nervous system and differentiate from multipotent neural stem cells (NSCs). Chromatin remodeling has a critical role in the differentiation process. However, its in vivo epigenetic regulatory role remains unknown. We show here that nucleosome depletion regions (NDRs) form in both proximal promoters and distal enhancers during NSCs differentiating into neurons in the early Drosophila embryonic development. NDR formation in the regulatory regions involves nucleosome shift and eviction. Nucleosome occupancy in promoter NDRs is inversely proportional to the gene activity. Genes with promoter NDR formation during differentiation are enriched for functions related to neuron development and maturation. Active histone-modification signals (H3K4me3 and H3K9ac) in promoters are gained in neurons in two modes: de novo establishment to high levels or increase from the existing levels in NSCs. The gene sets corresponding to the two modes have different neuron-related functions. Dynamic changes of H3K27ac and H3K9ac signals in enhancers and promoters synergistically repress genes associated with neural stem or progenitor cell-related pluripotency and upregulate genes associated with neuron projection morphogenesis, neuron differentiation, and so on. Our results offer new insights into chromatin remodeling during in vivo neuron development and lay a foundation for its epigenetic regulatory mechanism study of other lineage specification.
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical Laboratory Medicine, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital of Tongji University, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Signaling and Disease Research, The School of Life Sciences and Technology, The Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China.
authors.forename: Youqiong
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Ye
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical Laboratory Medicine, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital of Tongji University, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Signaling and Disease Research, The School of Life Sciences and Technology, The Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China.
authors.forename: Min
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical Laboratory Medicine, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital of Tongji University, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Signaling and Disease Research, The School of Life Sciences and Technology, The Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China.
authors.forename: Liang
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Gu
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical Laboratory Medicine, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital of Tongji University, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Signaling and Disease Research, The School of Life Sciences and Technology, The Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China.
authors.forename: Xiaolong
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical Laboratory Medicine, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital of Tongji University, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Signaling and Disease Research, The School of Life Sciences and Technology, The Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China.
authors.forename: Jiejun
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Shi
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical Laboratory Medicine, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital of Tongji University, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Signaling and Disease Research, The School of Life Sciences and Technology, The Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China.
authors.forename: Xiaobai
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical Laboratory Medicine, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital of Tongji University, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Signaling and Disease Research, The School of Life Sciences and Technology, The Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China.
authors.forename: Cizhong
authors.identifier: 0000-0001-5406-2360
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Jiang
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D030801:Animals, Genetically Modified / Q000378:metabolism; D002454:Cell Differentiation; D042002:Chromatin Assembly and Disassembly; D004330:Drosophila / Q000378:metabolism; D029721:Drosophila Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D004625:Embryo, Nonmammalian / Q000166:cytology; D004742:Enhancer Elements, Genetic / Q000235:genetics; D006657:Histones / Q000378:metabolism; D008856:Microscopy, Fluorescence; D058953:Neural Stem Cells / Q000166:cytology / Q000378:metabolism*; D009474:Neurons / Q000166:cytology / Q000378:metabolism*; D009707:Nucleosomes / Q000378:metabolism; D011401:Promoter Regions, Genetic; D014157:Transcription Factors / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D029721:Drosophila Proteins; D006657:Histones; D009707:Nucleosomes; D014157:Transcription Factors