title: Enhanced Production of Anthraquinones and Phenolic Compounds and Biological Activities in the Cell Suspension Cultures of Polygonum multiflorum.
abstract: Anthraquinones (AQs) and phenolic compounds are important phytochemicals that are biosynthesized in cell suspension cultures ofPolygonum multiflorum. We wanted to optimize the effects of plant growth regulators (PGRs), media, sucrose, l-glutamine, jasmonic acid (JA), and salicylic acid (SA) for the production of phytochemicals and biomass accumulation in a cell suspension culture ofP. multiflorum. The medium containing Murashige and Skoog (MS) salts and 4% sucrose supplemented with 1 mg/L 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid, 0.5 mg/L thidiazuron, and 100 µM l-glutamine at 28 days of cell suspension culture was suitable for biomass accumulation and AQ production. Maximum biomass accumulation (12.5 and 12.35 g fresh mass (FM); 3 and 2.93 g dry mass (DM)) and AQ production (emodin 295.20 and 282 mg/g DM; physcion 421.55 and 410.25 mg/g DM) were observed using 100 µM JA and SA, respectively. JA- and SA-elicited cell cultures showed several-fold higher biomass accumulation and AQ production than the control cell cultures. Furthermore, the cell suspension cultures effectively produced 23 phenolic compounds, such as flavonols and hydroxycinnamic and hydroxybenzoic acid derivatives. PGR-, JA-, and SA-elicited cell cultures produced a higher amount of AQs and phenolic compounds. Because of these metabolic changes, the antioxidant, antimicrobial, and anticancer activities were high in the PGR-, JA-, and SA-elicited cell cultures. The results showed that the elicitors (JA and SA) induced the enhancement of biomass accumulation and phytochemical (AQs and phenolic compounds) production as well as biological activities in the cell suspension cultures ofP. multiflorum. This optimized protocol can be developed for large-scale biomass accumulation and production of phytochemicals (AQs and phenolic compounds) from cell suspension cultures, and the phytochemicals can be used for various biological activities.
authors.affiliation: Department of Applied Bioscience, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Konkuk University, Seoul 143 701, Korea. muthu@konkuk.ac.kr.
authors.forename: Muthu
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Thiruvengadam
authors.affiliation: Department of Applied Bioscience, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Konkuk University, Seoul 143 701, Korea. krekhathiruvengadam@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Kaliyaperumal
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Rekha
authors.affiliation: Department of Applied Bioscience, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Konkuk University, Seoul 143 701, Korea. govindr@konkuk.ac.kr.
authors.forename: Govindasamy
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Rajakumar
authors.affiliation: Department of Applied Bioscience, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Konkuk University, Seoul 143 701, Korea. Itjnazi@konkuk.ac.kr.
authors.forename: Taek-Jun
authors.initials: TJ
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.affiliation: Department of Applied Bioscience, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Konkuk University, Seoul 143 701, Korea. kshkim@konkuk.ac.kr.
authors.forename: Seung-Hyun
authors.initials: SH
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.affiliation: Department of Applied Bioscience, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Konkuk University, Seoul 143 701, Korea. imcim@konkuk.ac.kr.
authors.forename: Ill-Min
authors.initials: IM
authors.lastname: Chung
mesh_terms: D000880:Anthraquinones / Q000032:analysis / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000494:pharmacology; D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents / Q000032:analysis / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000494:pharmacology; D000972:Antineoplastic Agents, Phytogenic / Q000032:analysis / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000494:pharmacology; D000975:Antioxidants / Q000032:analysis / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000494:pharmacology; D001419:Bacteria / Q000187:drug effects; D001424:Bacterial Infections / Q000188:drug therapy; D018533:Biomass; D018929:Cell Culture Techniques / Q000379:methods*; D045744:Cell Line, Tumor; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D000068676:Fallopia multiflora / Q000737:chemistry / Q000166:cytology* / Q000378:metabolism; D005973:Glutamine / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D010636:Phenols / Q000032:analysis / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000494:pharmacology; D013395:Sucrose / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D000880:Anthraquinones; D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents; D000972:Antineoplastic Agents, Phytogenic; D000975:Antioxidants; D010636:Phenols; D005973:Glutamine; D013395:Sucrose
keywords: Polygonum multiflorum; anticancer activity; antimicrobial activity; cell suspension culture; emodin; phenolic compounds; physcion