title: Use of Serum MicroRNAs as Biomarker for Hepatobiliary Diseases in Dogs.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Current biochemical indicators cannot discriminate between parenchymal, biliary, vascular, and neoplastic hepatobiliary diseases. MicroRNAs are promising new biomarkers for hepatobiliary disease in humans and dogs.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To measure serum concentrations of an established group of microRNAs in dogs and to investigate their concentrations in various types of hepatobiliary diseases.
  
  
  METHODS
  Forty-six client-owned dogs with an established diagnosis of hepatobiliary disease and stored serum samples and eleven client-owned healthy control Labrador Retrievers.
  
  
  METHODS
  Retrospective study. Medical records of dogs with parenchymal, biliary, vascular, or neoplastic hepatobiliary diseases and control dogs were reviewed. Concentrations of miR-21, miR-122, miR-126, miR-148a, miR-200c, and miR-222 were quantified in serum by real-time polymerase chain reaction.
  
  
  RESULTS
  No different microRNA concentrations were found in the adenoma and congenital portosystemic shunt groups. In all other diseases, miR-122 concentrations were elevated with the highest concentration in the mucocele group (267-fold, CI: 40-1,768, P < .001). In dogs with biliary diseases, miR-21 and miR-222 were only increased in dogs with mucoceles (26-fold, CI: 5-141, P = .005 and 13-fold, CI: 2-70, P = .025, respectively). Uniquely increased microRNAs were found in the hepatocellular carcinoma group (miR-200c, 35-fold increase, CI: 3-382, P = .035) and the chronic hepatitis group (miR-126, 22-fold increase, CI: 5-91, P = .002).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  A microRNA panel consisting of miR-21, miR-122, miR-126, miR-200c, and miR-222 can distinguish between parenchymal, biliary, and neoplastic hepatobiliary diseases. Serum microRNA profiling is a promising new tool that might be a valuable addition to conventional diagnostics to help diagnose various hepatobiliary diseases in dogs.
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical Sciences of Companion Animals, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Dirksen
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical Sciences of Companion Animals, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Verzijl
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathobiology, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: G C
authors.initials: GC
authors.lastname: Grinwis
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical Sciences of Companion Animals, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: R P
authors.initials: RP
authors.lastname: Favier
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical Sciences of Companion Animals, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: L C
authors.initials: LC
authors.lastname: Penning
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical Sciences of Companion Animals, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: I A
authors.initials: IA
authors.lastname: Burgener
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, Erasmus MC-University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: L J
authors.initials: LJ
authors.lastname: van der Laan
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical Sciences of Companion Animals, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Fieten
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical Sciences of Companion Animals, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Spee
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001649:Bile Duct Diseases / Q000097:blood / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000662:veterinary*; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000097:blood; D004283:Dog Diseases / Q000097:blood* / Q000175:diagnosis; D004285:Dogs; D005260:Female; D008107:Liver Diseases / Q000097:blood / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000662:veterinary*; D008297:Male; D035683:MicroRNAs / Q000097:blood*; D012189:Retrospective Studies
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; D035683:MicroRNAs
keywords: Biomarker; Hepatitis; Mucocele; Neoplasia