title: Real-time and non-invasive monitoring of embryonic stem cell survival during the development of embryoid bodies with smart nanosensor.
abstract: Embryonic stem cells (ESCs)-derived embryoid body (EB) is a powerful model for the study of early embryonic development and the discovery of therapeutics for tissue regeneration. This article reports a smart nanosensor platform for labeling and tracking the survival and distribution of ESCs during the EB development in a real-time and non-invasive way. Compared with the cell tracker (i.e. DiO) and the green fluorescent protein (GFP), nanosensors provide the homogenous and highly-efficient ESC labeling. Following the internalization, intracellular nanosensors gradually release the non-fluorescent molecules that become fluorescent only in viable cells. This allows a continuous monitoring of ESC survival and distribution during the process of EB formation. Finally, we confirm that nanosensor labeling does not cause the significant influences to biological properties of the ESCs and EBs.
  
  
  
  The distribution pattern of viable embryonic stem cells (ESCs) within embryoid body (EB) is closely related with the maturation of EBs. Noninvasive and real-time monitoring of viable ESC distribution in EBs would allow researchers to optimize the culturing condition in time during the EB development and to select the suitable EBs for subsequent applications.
authors.affiliation: School of Chemical and Biomedical Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 70 Nanyang Drive, Singapore 637457, Singapore.
authors.forename: Jiayin
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Fu
authors.affiliation: School of Chemical and Biomedical Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 70 Nanyang Drive, Singapore 637457, Singapore.
authors.forename: Christian
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Wiraja
authors.affiliation: School of Chemical and Biomedical Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 70 Nanyang Drive, Singapore 637457, Singapore.
authors.forename: Ruiqi
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Chong
authors.affiliation: School of Chemical and Biomedical Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 70 Nanyang Drive, Singapore 637457, Singapore; NTU-Northwestern Institute for Nanomedicine, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Avenue, Singapore 639798, Singapore. Electronic address: CJXu@ntu.edu.sg.
authors.forename: Chenjie
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Xu
authors.affiliation: School of Chemical and Biomedical Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 70 Nanyang Drive, Singapore 637457, Singapore. Electronic address: DAWang@ntu.edu.sg.
authors.forename: Dong-An
authors.initials: DA
authors.lastname: Wang
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002454:Cell Differentiation / Q000235:genetics; D002455:Cell Division; D049109:Cell Proliferation; D002470:Cell Survival; D003199:Computer Systems; D058732:Embryoid Bodies / Q000166:cytology*; D005786:Gene Expression Regulation; D049452:Green Fluorescent Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D051379:Mice; D000066450:Mouse Embryonic Stem Cells / Q000166:cytology*; D036103:Nanotechnology / Q000295:instrumentation*; D013194:Staining and Labeling
chemical_list: D049452:Green Fluorescent Proteins
keywords: Embryoid body; Embryonic stem cell; Nanosensor; Real-time and non-invasive monitoring; Viability