title: Screening for potential serum-based proteomic biomarkers for human type 2 diabetes mellitus using MALDI-TOF MS.
abstract: Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a complex, pandemic disease contributing towards the global burden of health issues. To date, there are no simple clinical tests for the early detection of T2DM.
  
  
  
  To identify potential peptide biomarkers for such applications, 406 sera of T2DM patients (n = 206) and healthy controls (n = 200) are analyzed by using MALDI-TOF MS with a cross-sectional case-control design.
  
  
  
  Six peptides (peaks m/z 1452.9, 1692.8, 1946.0, 2115.1, 2211.0 and 4053.6) are identified as candidate biomarkers for T2DM. A diagnostic model constructed with six peptides is able to discriminate T2DM patients from healthy controls, with an accuracy of 82.20%, sensitivity of 82.50%, and specificity of 77.80% in the validation set. Peptide peaks m/z 1452.9 and 1692.8 are identified as fragments of the complement C3f, while peptide peaks m/z 1946.0, 2115.1, and 2211.0 are identified as the fragments of kininogen 1 isoform 1 precursor.
  
  
  
  This study reinforces proteomic analyses as a potential technique for defining significant clinical peptide biomarkers, providing a simple and convenient diagnostic model for T2DM in clinical examination.
authors.affiliation: Department of Endocrinology, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China.
authors.forename: Qiutao
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Meng
authors.affiliation: Beijing Key Laboratory of Clinical Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.|School of Medical and Health Sciences, Edith Cowan University, Perth, Australia.
authors.forename: Siqi
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Ge
authors.affiliation: Department of Endocrinology, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China.
authors.forename: Wenhua
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Yan
authors.affiliation: Research and Technology Service Center, Chinese PLA 302 Hospital, Beijing, China.
authors.forename: Ruisheng
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: Department of Endocrinology, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China.
authors.forename: Jingtao
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Dou
authors.affiliation: Department of Endocrinology, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China.
authors.forename: Haibing
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: Department of Endocrinology, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China.
authors.forename: Baoan
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: Bioyong (Beijing) Technology Co., Ltd., Beijing, China.
authors.forename: Qingwei
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Ma
authors.affiliation: Beijing Key Laboratory of Clinical Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.
authors.forename: Yong
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Zhou
authors.affiliation: Beijing Key Laboratory of Clinical Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.
authors.forename: Manshu
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Song
authors.affiliation: Beijing Key Laboratory of Clinical Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.|School of Medical and Health Sciences, Edith Cowan University, Perth, Australia.
authors.forename: Xinwei
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Yu
authors.affiliation: Beijing Key Laboratory of Clinical Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.
authors.forename: Hao
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: Beijing Key Laboratory of Clinical Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.
authors.forename: Xinghua
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.affiliation: Beijing Key Laboratory of Clinical Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.
authors.forename: Fen
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.affiliation: Beijing Key Laboratory of Clinical Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.
authors.forename: Mohamed Ali
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Alzain
authors.affiliation: Beijing Key Laboratory of Clinical Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.
authors.forename: Yuxiang
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Yan
authors.affiliation: Beijing Key Laboratory of Clinical Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.
authors.forename: Ling
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: Beijing Key Laboratory of Clinical Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.
authors.forename: Lijuan
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Wu
authors.affiliation: Beijing Key Laboratory of Clinical Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.
authors.forename: Feifei
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Zhao
authors.affiliation: Beijing Key Laboratory of Clinical Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.
authors.forename: Yan
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: He
authors.affiliation: Beijing Key Laboratory of Clinical Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.
authors.forename: Xiuhua
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Guo
authors.affiliation: Central of Laboratory, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Beijing, China.
authors.forename: Feng
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.affiliation: School of Life Science and Biopharmaceuticals, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, China.
authors.forename: Weizhuo
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Xu
authors.affiliation: School of Medical and Health Sciences, Edith Cowan University, Perth, Australia.
authors.forename: Monique
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Garcia
authors.affiliation: School of Medical and Health Sciences, Edith Cowan University, Perth, Australia.
authors.forename: Desmond
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Menon
authors.affiliation: Beijing Key Laboratory of Clinical Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.
authors.forename: Youxin
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: Department of Endocrinology, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China.
authors.forename: Yiming
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Mu
authors.affiliation: Beijing Key Laboratory of Clinical Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.|School of Medical and Health Sciences, Edith Cowan University, Perth, Australia.
authors.forename: Wei
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Wang
mesh_terms: D015415:Biomarkers / Q000097:blood; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D003924:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / Q000097:blood* / Q000175:diagnosis; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D040901:Proteomics; D019032:Spectrometry, Mass, Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption-Ionization
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers
keywords: MALDI-TOF MS; Predictive models; Serum peptide biomarkers; Type 2 diabetes mellitus