title: Combined effect of aerobic interval training and selenium nanoparticles on expression of IL-15 and IL-10/TNF-α ratio in skeletal muscle of 4T1 breast cancer mice with cachexia.
abstract: Cancer cachexia is characterized by inflammation, loss of skeletal muscle and adipose tissue mass, and functional impairment. Oxidative stress and inflammation are believed to regulate pathways controlling skeletal muscle wasting. The aim of this study was to determine the effects of aerobic interval training and the purported antioxidant treatment, selenium nanoparticle supplementation, on expression of IL-15 and inflammatory cytokines in 4T1 breast cancer-bearing mice with cachexia. Selenium nanoparticle supplementation accelerated cachexia symptoms in tumor-bearing mice, while exercise training prevented muscle wasting in tumor-bearing mice. Also, aerobic interval training enhanced the anti-inflammatory indices IL-10/TNF-α ratio and IL-15 expression in skeletal muscle in tumor-bearing mice. However, combining exercise training and antioxidant supplementation prevented cachexia and muscle wasting and additionally decreased tumor volume in 4T1 breast cancer mice. These finding suggested that combining exercise training and antioxidant supplementation could be a strategy for managing tumor volume and preventing cachexia in breast cancer.
authors.affiliation: Physical Education & Sport Sciences Dept., Faculty of Humanities, Tarbiat Modares University, Jala Ale Ahmad Exp., P.O. Box 14117-13116, Tehran, Iran. Electronic address: molanouri@modares.ac.ir.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Molanouri Shamsi
authors.affiliation: Physical Education & Sport Sciences Dept., Faculty of Humanities, Tarbiat Modares University, Jala Ale Ahmad Exp., P.O. Box 14117-13116, Tehran, Iran. Electronic address: soodabeh.chekachak@modares.ac.ir.
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Chekachak
authors.affiliation: Immunology Department, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Jala Ale Ahmad Exp., P.O. Box 14117-13116, Tehran, Iran. Electronic address: Soudi@modares.ac.ir.
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Soudi
authors.affiliation: Research Service, VA Puget Sound Health Care System, and Division of Gerontology and Geriatric Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98108, USA. Electronic address: quinnL@uw.edu.
authors.forename: L S
authors.initials: LS
authors.lastname: Quinn
authors.affiliation: Physical Education & Sport Sciences Dept., Faculty of Humanities, Tarbiat Modares University, Jala Ale Ahmad Exp., P.O. Box 14117-13116, Tehran, Iran. Electronic address: kia.ranjbar@modares.ac.ir.
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Ranjbar
authors.affiliation: Brain and Spinal Cord Injury Research Center, Neurosciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. Electronic address: chenari.jamal@gmail.com.
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Chenari
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology and Biotechnology Research Center, School of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. Electronic address: mohammadhossein61@gmail.com.
authors.forename: M H
authors.initials: MH
authors.lastname: Yazdi
authors.affiliation: Immunology Department, Pasteur Institute of Iran, 69 Pasteur Ave, Tehran, Iran. Electronic address: mahdavivac@gmail.com.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Mahdavi
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002100:Cachexia / Q000276:immunology* / Q000473:pathology; D005260:Female; D015972:Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic / Q000276:immunology*; D016753:Interleukin-10 / Q000276:immunology*; D019409:Interleukin-15 / Q000276:immunology*; D008325:Mammary Neoplasms, Experimental / Q000276:immunology* / Q000473:pathology; D053768:Metal Nanoparticles; D051379:Mice; D008807:Mice, Inbred BALB C; D018482:Muscle, Skeletal / Q000276:immunology* / Q000473:pathology; D009363:Neoplasm Proteins / Q000276:immunology*; D010805:Physical Conditioning, Animal; D012643:Selenium / Q000494:pharmacology*; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000276:immunology*
chemical_list: C556062:IL10 protein, mouse; D019409:Interleukin-15; D009363:Neoplasm Proteins; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha; D016753:Interleukin-10; D012643:Selenium
keywords: 4T1 breast cancer; Aerobic interval training; Cachexia; Inflammation; Interleukin-15