title: Lasing with Pumping Levels of Si Nanocrystals on Silicon Wafer.
abstract: It is reported that the silicon nanocrystals (NCs) are fabricated by using self-assembly growth method with the annealing and the electron beam irradiation processes in the pulsed laser depositing, on which the visible lasing with higher gain (over 130 cm-1) and the enhanced emission in optical telecommunication window are measured in photoluminescence (PL). It is interesting that the enhanced visible electroluminescence (EL) on silicon nanocrystals (Si-NCs) is obviously observed by the naked eyes, and the light-emitting diode (LED) of the Si-NCs with external quantum efficiency of 20% is made on silicon chip in our laboratory. A four-level system is built for emission model in nanosilicon, in which the PL and EL measurement and transmission electron microscope (TEM) analysis demonstrate that the pumping levels with shorter lifetime from the rising energy of the Si quantum dots due to the quantum confinement effect occur, and the electronic localized states with longer lifetime owing to impurities bonding on Si-NCs surface are formed in the crystallized process to produce the inversion of population for lasing, where the optical gain is generated.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Nanophotonic Physics, Guizhou University, Guiyang, 550025, China. wqhuang@gzu.edu.cn.
authors.forename: Wei-Qi
authors.initials: WQ
authors.lastname: Huang
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Ore Deposit Geochemistry Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Science Institute of Geochemistry, Guiyang, 550003, China.
authors.forename: Shi-Rong
authors.initials: SR
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Surface Physics, Key Laboratory of Micro and Nano Photonic Structures (Ministry of Education) and Department of Physics, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433, China.
authors.forename: Zhong-Mei
authors.initials: ZM
authors.lastname: Huang
authors.affiliation: Institute of Nanophotonic Physics, Guizhou University, Guiyang, 550025, China.
authors.forename: Xue-Ke
authors.initials: XK
authors.lastname: Wu
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Ore Deposit Geochemistry Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Science Institute of Geochemistry, Guiyang, 550003, China.
authors.forename: Chao-Jian
authors.initials: CJ
authors.lastname: Qin
authors.affiliation: Physics Department, Lancaster University, Lancaster, LA1 4YB, UK.
authors.forename: Qian-Dong
authors.initials: QD
authors.lastname: Zhuang
keywords: Four-level system; Pulsed laser deposition; Silicon nanocrystal; Visible lasing