title: Distribution of Type I Restriction-Modification Systems in Streptococcus suis: An Outlook.
abstract: Streptococcus suisis a porcine commensal and pathogen with zoonotic potential. We recently identified a novel Type I restriction-modification (R-M) system in a zoonoticS. suisclone which has emerged in the Netherlands. Here, we describe the DNA inversions in the specificity subunit of this system inS. suisserotype 2, clonal complex 20 and explain the absence of domain movement by the absence of repeats. In addition, we identified a core Type I R-M system present in 95% of the isolates and found an association of the distribution of Type I R-M systems in theS. suisgenome with population structure. We speculate on the potential role of Type I R-M systems inS. suisgiven the recently described associations of Type I R-M systems with virulence and propose future research directions.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medical Microbiology, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Meibergdreef 9, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands. n.willemse@amc.uva.nl.|Department of Global Health-Amsterdam Institute for Global Health and Development, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Pietersbergweg 17, 1105 BM Amsterdam, The Netherlands. n.willemse@amc.uva.nl.
authors.forename: Niels
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Willemse
authors.affiliation: Department of Medical Microbiology, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Meibergdreef 9, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands. schultsz@gmail.com.|Department of Global Health-Amsterdam Institute for Global Health and Development, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Pietersbergweg 17, 1105 BM Amsterdam, The Netherlands. schultsz@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Constance
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Schultsz
keywords: DNA inversions; Streptococcus suis; Type I restriction–modification system; genomic analysis; pfam; prophage