title: Biomechanical Response of Military Booted and Unbooted Foot-Ankle-Tibia from Vertical Loading.
abstract: A new anthropomorphic test device (ATD) is being developed by the US Army to be responsive to vertical loading during a vehicle underbody blast event. To obtain design parameters for the new ATD, a series of non-injurious tests were conducted to derive biofidelity response corridors for the foot-ankle complex under vertical loading. Isolated post mortem human surrogate (PMHS) lower leg specimens were tested with and without military boot and in different initial foot-ankle positions. Instrumentation included a six-axis load cell at the proximal end, three-axis accelerometers at proximal and distal tibia, and calcaneus, and strain gages. Average proximal tibia axial forces for a neutral-positioned foot were about 2 kN for a 4 m/s test, 4 kN for 6 m/s test and 6 kN for an 8 m/s test. The force time-to-peak values were from 3 to 5 msec and calcaneus acceleration rise times were 2 to 8 msec. Compared to the neutral posture, the "off-axis" measures (e.g. shear and bending moment) were much greater in magnitude in plantar- or dorsi-flexed posture. The results as a function of velocity demonstrated uniform increases with increasing test velocities. The response corridors supplied from the present investigation will serve as initial design parameters for the ATD lower leg, and can also be used for validation for a human computational model.
authors.affiliation: Medical College of Wisconsin and VA Medical Center, Milwaukee, WI.
authors.forename: Frank A
authors.initials: FA
authors.lastname: Pintar
authors.affiliation: Medical College of Wisconsin and VA Medical Center, Milwaukee, WI.
authors.forename: Michael B
authors.initials: MB
authors.lastname: Schlick
authors.affiliation: Medical College of Wisconsin and VA Medical Center, Milwaukee, WI.
authors.forename: Narayan
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Yoganandan
authors.affiliation: Johns Hopkins University Applied Physics Laboratory, Columbia, MD.
authors.forename: Liming
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Voo
authors.affiliation: Johns Hopkins University Applied Physics Laboratory, Columbia, MD.
authors.forename: Andrew C
authors.initials: AC
authors.lastname: Merkle
authors.affiliation: US Army Research Laboratory, Aberdeen Proving Grounds, MD.
authors.forename: Michael
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kleinberger
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000842:Ankle; D016512:Ankle Injuries; D001696:Biomechanical Phenomena; D002102:Cadaver; D005107:Explosions; D005528:Foot; D018409:Foot Injuries; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D008887:Military Medicine; D018986:Motor Vehicles; D011187:Posture; D012775:Shoes; D013314:Stress, Mechanical; D013977:Tibia; D016474:Weight-Bearing