title: The fruit of Acanthopanax senticosus (Rupr. et Maxim.) Harms improves insulin resistance and hepatic lipid accumulation by modulation of liver adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase activity and lipogenic gene expression in high-fat diet-fed obese mice.
abstract: Obesity-associated insulin resistance is a major risk factor for most metabolic diseases, including dyslipidemia and type 2 diabetes. Acanthopanax senticosus (Rupr. et Maxim.) Harms (Goka) root has been used in traditional Chinese medicine for treatment of diabetes and other conditions; however, little is known about the effects of Goka fruit (GF). Goka fruit is rich in anthocyanin, which has beneficial effects on obesity and insulin resistance via activation of adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase (AMPK). We hypothesized that GF can improve obesity-associated insulin resistance. The aim of the present study was to investigate whether GF improves insulin resistance in high-fat diet (HFD)-induced obese mice. High-fat diet mice treated with GF (500 and 1000 mg/kg) for 12 weeks showed an improved glucose tolerance and insulin sensitivity, as well as reduced plasma insulin and liver lipid accumulation. Moreover, GF administration to HFD mice resulted in down-regulation of fatty acid synthase expression and up-regulation of cholesterol 7-alpha-hydroxylase expression in the liver. Notably, AMPK phosphorylation in the liver increased after GF administration. In summary, GF supplementation improved obesity-associated insulin resistance and hepatic lipid accumulation through modulation of AMPK activity and lipid metabolism-associated gene expression.
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Applied Life Sciences, Niigata University of Pharmacy and Applied Life Sciences, Niigata, Niigata 956-8603, Japan.
authors.forename: Tetsuo
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Saito
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Applied Life Sciences, Niigata University of Pharmacy and Applied Life Sciences, Niigata, Niigata 956-8603, Japan.
authors.forename: Miyako
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Nishida
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Applied Life Sciences, Niigata University of Pharmacy and Applied Life Sciences, Niigata, Niigata 956-8603, Japan.
authors.forename: Masafumi
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Saito
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Applied Life Sciences, Niigata University of Pharmacy and Applied Life Sciences, Niigata, Niigata 956-8603, Japan.
authors.forename: Akari
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Tanabe
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Applied Life Sciences, Niigata University of Pharmacy and Applied Life Sciences, Niigata, Niigata 956-8603, Japan.
authors.forename: Takahiro
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Eitsuka
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Applied Life Sciences, Niigata University of Pharmacy and Applied Life Sciences, Niigata, Niigata 956-8603, Japan; Kyolin Institute for Chinese Medicine Information, Sagamihara, Kanagawa 252-0344, Japan.
authors.forename: Shi-Hua
authors.initials: SH
authors.lastname: Yuan
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Applied Life Sciences, Niigata University of Pharmacy and Applied Life Sciences, Niigata, Niigata 956-8603, Japan.
authors.forename: Nobuo
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Ikekawa
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Applied Life Sciences, Niigata University of Pharmacy and Applied Life Sciences, Niigata, Niigata 956-8603, Japan. Electronic address: wm7h-nsd@asahi-net.or.jp.
authors.forename: Hiroshi
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Nishida
mesh_terms: D055372:AMP-Activated Protein Kinases / Q000378:metabolism*; D050156:Adipogenesis; D000818:Animals; D000872:Anthocyanins / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use; D059305:Diet, High-Fat / Q000009:adverse effects; D004365:Drugs, Chinese Herbal / Q000494:pharmacology* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D028001:Eleutherococcus / Q000737:chemistry*; D005234:Fatty Liver / Q000517:prevention & control; D005638:Fruit; D015870:Gene Expression / Q000187:drug effects; D018149:Glucose Intolerance / Q000188:drug therapy; D007004:Hypoglycemic Agents / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use; D007328:Insulin / Q000097:blood; D007333:Insulin Resistance; D050356:Lipid Metabolism / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000235:genetics; D050155:Lipogenesis; D008099:Liver / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism; D008297:Male; D008810:Mice, Inbred C57BL; D008820:Mice, Obese; D009765:Obesity / Q000150:complications* / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000378:metabolism; D010766:Phosphorylation; D008517:Phytotherapy; D018517:Plant Roots
chemical_list: D000872:Anthocyanins; D004365:Drugs, Chinese Herbal; D007004:Hypoglycemic Agents; D007328:Insulin; D055372:AMP-Activated Protein Kinases
keywords: AMP-activated protein kinase; Acanthopanax senticosus (Rupr. et Maxim.) Harms; Glucose intolerance; High-fat diet; Insulin resistance