title: Persistent Trigeminal Artery in Endonasal Resection of Skull Base Tumors: A Systematic Review.
abstract: BackgroundPrimitive persistent trigeminal artery (PTA) is an uncommon embryologic vascular communication between the carotid and basilar arteries, which can be intimately involved by skull base tumors (SBT). Owing to its rarity, skull base surgeons should familiarize themselves with the anatomical variations of PTA to avoid catastrophic complications.ObjectiveTo appraise and summarize the available evidence of PTA involved by SBTs while advocating a standardized algorithm for the surgical planning of these patients.MethodsMEDLINE and PubMed databases were searched using keywords pertaining to PTA and SBTs. Demographics, clinical presentation, radiographic findings, outcomes, and adverse events were extracted and analyzed.ResultsA total of 13 cases between 1973 and 2015 were identified. The mean patient age at presentation was 43 years with predilections toward females and pituitary adenomas. Headaches and endocrine abnormalities were the most common symptoms. The tumors were more frequently associated with Salas medial-type PTA (70%) and Saltzman type-I PTA (31%) than seen in the general population in angiographic studies. We also present a new case of atypical meningioma with Saltzman type-1 PTA.ConclusionWith endoscopic approaches to SBTs becoming more commonplace, surgeons may encounter this anatomical abnormality more frequently. It is important for both otolaryngologists and neurosurgeons to gain a complete understanding of the anatomical variations and neurointerventional capabilities for the successful endoscopic management of these situations.Level of Evidence: 4.
authors.affiliation: Caruso Department of Otolaryngology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, United States.
authors.forename: Jasper
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Shen
authors.affiliation: Imaging Medical Group, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California, United States.
authors.forename: James
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Tourje
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathology, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California, United States.
authors.forename: Elena E
authors.initials: EE
authors.lastname: Chang
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurosurgery, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California, United States.
authors.forename: Adam N
authors.initials: AN
authors.lastname: Mamelak
authors.affiliation: Division of Otolaryngology, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California, United States.
authors.forename: Arthur W
authors.initials: AW
authors.lastname: Wu
keywords: arterial variants; arteriovenous malformation; meningioma; persistent trigeminal artery; skull base surgery; skull base tumor