title: Isolation, purification, characterization and immunostimulatory activity of polysaccharides derived from American ginseng.
abstract: In this study, crude American ginseng polysaccharide (AGPS) was extracted with hot water and preliminarily purified by using resin S-8 and Polyamide columns. Then, it was further purified and separated by DEAE-Sepharose CL-6B and Sepharose CL-6B chromatography, respectively. Five main fractions were obtained, named WPS-1, WPS-2, SPS-1, SPS-2 and SPS-3. Their homogeneities and structural characteristics were elucidated based on UV-vis spectroscopy, High Performance Gel Filtration Chromatography (HPGFC), Gas Chromatography (GC), Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), Infrared Spectrum (IR), and NMR Spectroscopy methods. Furthermore, the immunostimulatory effects of these fractions upon splenic lymphocyte proliferation, macrophage phagocytosis and nitric oxide (NO) production, were investigated in vitro. The results indicated that their stimulations could be ordered as SPS-3>SPS-1>CPS (crude polysaccharides)>WPS-1>WPS-2>SPS-2. Among them, SPS-3 showed more potent immunomodulatory activity and could be explored as a potential immunopotentiating agent for use in functional food or medicine.
authors.affiliation: College of Food Engineering, Harbin University of Commerce, Harbin, 150076, China. Electronic address: yuxiaohong1017@163.com.
authors.forename: Xiao-Hong
authors.initials: XH
authors.lastname: Yu
authors.affiliation: College of Food Engineering, Harbin University of Commerce, Harbin, 150076, China. Electronic address: liuying10420@163.com.
authors.forename: Ying
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.affiliation: College of Food Engineering, Harbin University of Commerce, Harbin, 150076, China. Electronic address: yxf930213@163.com.
authors.forename: Xian-Ling
authors.initials: XL
authors.lastname: Wu
authors.affiliation: College of Food Engineering, Harbin University of Commerce, Harbin, 150076, China. Electronic address: 13361061037@163.com.
authors.forename: Li-Zhai
authors.initials: LZ
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.affiliation: College of Food Engineering, Harbin University of Commerce, Harbin, 150076, China. Electronic address: fuwei880303@163.com.
authors.forename: Wei
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Fu
authors.affiliation: College of Food Engineering, Harbin University of Commerce, Harbin, 150076, China. Electronic address: sdd901017@163.com.
authors.forename: Dan-Dan
authors.initials: DD
authors.lastname: Song
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D008214:Lymphocytes / Q000187:drug effects*; D008264:Macrophages / Q000187:drug effects*; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D009569:Nitric Oxide / Q000378:metabolism; D005894:Panax / Q000737:chemistry*; D010587:Phagocytosis; D011134:Polysaccharides / Q000494:pharmacology*; D013154:Spleen / Q000166:cytology
chemical_list: D011134:Polysaccharides; D009569:Nitric Oxide
keywords: American ginseng; Characterization; Immunostimulatory activity; Polysaccharide; Purification