title: Clinical efficacy of turmeric use in gingivitis: A comprehensive review.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Gingivitis affects an estimated 80% of the population, and is characterized as the world's most predominant inflammatory periodontal disease. Without intervention, gingivitis can advance to alveolar bone loss. Therefore, the primary goal in patients suffering with gingivitis is to control plaque buildup and soft tissue inflammation. Current guidelines consider chlorhexidine as the gold standard in the prevention and treatment of gingivitis. However, negative side effects of chlorhexidine, including oral mucosal erosion, discoloration of teeth, and bitter taste, provide an opportunity for alternative medications. Turmeric, a commonly used herb, possesses anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, antibacterial, antiviral, and antifungal properties. By virtue of these properties, multiple controlled trials have been performed to investigate the efficacy of turmeric in gingivitis.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  The aim of this comprehensive review is to summarize and evaluate the evidence on the efficacy of turmeric as compared to chlorhexidine in the prevention and treatment of gingivitis.
  
  
  RESULTS
  PubMed, MedLine (Web of Science), and EBSCO (academic search complete) were utilized as primary literature search tools. The following search strategy was used: ((turmeric OR curcumin OR curcuma) AND (gingivitis OR "gum inflammation")). Five reviewed studies show that both turmeric and chlorhexidine significantly decrease plaque index (PI) and gingival index (GI), and can therefore be used in the prevention and treatment of gingivitis.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Both chlorhexidine and turmeric can be used as an adjunct to mechanical means in preventing and treating gingivitis. However, trials longer than 21 days with a greater number of patients are necessary to further evaluate the comparison between turmeric and chlorhexidine.
authors.affiliation: St. John Fisher College Wegmans School of Pharmacy, 3690 East Avenue, Rochester NY, 14618, USA. Electronic address: kas04230@sjfc.edu.
authors.forename: Karissa A
authors.initials: KA
authors.lastname: Stoyell
authors.affiliation: St. John Fisher College Wegmans School of Pharmacy, 3690 East Avenue, Rochester NY, 14618, USA. Electronic address: jlm08611@sjfc.edu.
authors.forename: Jennifer L
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: Mappus
authors.affiliation: St. John Fisher College Wegmans School of Pharmacy, 3690 East Avenue, Rochester NY, 14618, USA. Electronic address: mgandhi@sjfc.edu.
authors.forename: Mona A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Gandhi
mesh_terms: D002710:Chlorhexidine / Q000627:therapeutic use; D030024:Curcuma; D003774:Dental Plaque Index; D005891:Gingivitis / Q000188:drug therapy*; D006801:Humans; D008517:Phytotherapy / Q000379:methods*; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000627:therapeutic use*
chemical_list: D010936:Plant Extracts; C012596:turmeric extract; D002710:Chlorhexidine
keywords: Curcuma; Curcumin; Gingivitis; Gum inflammation; Turmeric