title: Mealtime habits and risk of developing the metabolic syndrome or insulin resistance among Mexican adults.
abstract: Meals are an important source of food intake, contributing to body weight and health status. Previous studies have examined the relationship between isolated mealtime behaviours and the metabolic syndrome (MetS). The aim of this study was to examine the influence over time of ten interrelated mealtime habits on the risk of developing the MetS and insulin resistance (IR) among Mexican adults. We conducted a prospective cohort study with a sample of 956 health workers. The Mealtime Habits Quality (MHQ) scale is based on four mealtime situations (availability of time to eat, distractions while eating, environmental and social context of eating, and familiar or cultural eating habits), which were used to assess the participants' MHQ at the baseline (2004-2006) and follow-up (2010-2012) evaluations. The MetS was assessed using criteria from the National Cholesterol Education Program Adult Treatment Panel III (NCEP-ATP III) and the International Diabetes Federation (IDF). IR was defined using the homoeostasis model assessment. Crude and adjusted relative risks were calculated to estimate the relationship between MHQ and the risk of developing the MetS or IR. Participants classified in the lower MHQ category had an 8·8 (95 % CI 3·1, 25) and 11·1 (95 % CI 3·4, 36·1) times greater risk of developing the MetS (using the NCEP-ATP III and IDF criteria, respectively), and an 11·2 times (95 % CI 3·9, 31·5) greater likelihood of developing IR, compared with those in the higher MHQ group. This prospective study reveals that individuals who engaged in more undesirable than recommended mealtime behaviours had a >10-fold risk of developing the MetS or IR.
authors.affiliation: Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Autónoma de Tlaxcala. Ciencias de la Salud # 11, Tercera sección, Guardia, Zacatelco, C.P. 90750, Tlaxcala, Mexico.|Departamento de Calidad y Educación en Salud, Secretaría de Salud de Tlaxcala, Ignacio Picazo Norte # 25, Col. Centro, Chiautempan, C.P. 90800, Tlaxcala, Mexico.
authors.forename: Pablo
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Méndez-Hernández
authors.affiliation: PhD Program in Health Sciences, École Interdisciplinaire Sciences-Santé, University of Lyon, Claude Bernard Lyon 1 University, 43 Boulevard du 11 Novembre 1918, 69100 Lyon, France.|Unidad de Investigación Epidemiológica y en Servicios de Salud, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Benito Juárez # 31, Colonia Centro, Cuernavaca, C.P. 62000, Morelos, Mexico.
authors.forename: Libia Darina
authors.initials: LD
authors.lastname: Dosamantes-Carrasco
authors.affiliation: Aix Marseille University, INSERM, IRD, SESSTIM UMRS912, 232 Boulevard Sainte Marguerite, 13009, Marseille, France.|University of Lyon, Claude Bernard Lyon 1 University, ISPB, 43 Boulevard, du 11 Novembre 1918, 69008, Lyon, France.
authors.forename: Carole
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Siani
authors.affiliation: Doctorate Program in Biological Sciences, Universidad Autónoma de Tlaxcala. Centro Tlaxcala de Biología de la Conducta. Carretera Tlaxcala-Puebla Km 1.5, Tlaxcala, C.P. 90062, Tlaxcala, Mexico.
authors.forename: Romain
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Pierlot
authors.affiliation: Centro Tlaxcala de Biología de la Conducta, Universidad Autónoma de Tlaxcala. Carretera Tlaxcala-Puebla Km 1.5 C.P. 90, Tlaxcala, C.P. 90062, Tlaxcala, Mexico.|Unidad Periférica Tlaxcala, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Carretera Tlaxcala-Puebla Km 1.5, C.P. 90070, Tlaxcala, Mexico.
authors.forename: Margarita
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Martínez-Gómez
authors.affiliation: Unidad de Investigación Epidemiológica y en Servicios de Salud, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Benito Juárez # 31, Colonia Centro, Cuernavaca, C.P. 62000, Morelos, Mexico.
authors.forename: Berenice
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Rivera-Paredez
authors.affiliation: Unidad de Investigación Epidemiológica y en Servicios de Salud, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Benito Juárez # 31, Colonia Centro, Cuernavaca, C.P. 62000, Morelos, Mexico.
authors.forename: Laura
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Cervantes-Popoca
authors.affiliation: Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Autónoma de Tlaxcala. Ciencias de la Salud # 11, Tercera sección, Guardia, Zacatelco, C.P. 90750, Tlaxcala, Mexico.
authors.forename: Elodia
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Rojas-Lima
authors.affiliation: Centro de Investigación en Salud Poblacional, Instituto Nacional de Salud Pública, Av. Universidad # 655, Santa María Ahucatitlán, Cuernavaca, C.P. 62100, Morelos, Mexico.
authors.forename: Eduardo
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Salazar-Martínez
authors.affiliation: Unidad de Investigación Epidemiológica y en Servicios de Salud, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Benito Juárez # 31, Colonia Centro, Cuernavaca, C.P. 62000, Morelos, Mexico.|UCLA Department of Health Policy and Management, Fielding School of Public Health and Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center, 650 Charles Young Drive South, A2-125 CHS, Box 956900, Los Angeles, CA 90095-6900, USA.
authors.forename: Yvonne N
authors.initials: YN
authors.lastname: Flores
authors.affiliation: Unidad de Investigación Epidemiológica y en Servicios de Salud, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Benito Juárez # 31, Colonia Centro, Cuernavaca, C.P. 62000, Morelos, Mexico.|Centro de Investigación en Salud Poblacional, Instituto Nacional de Salud Pública, Av. Universidad # 655, Santa María Ahucatitlán, Cuernavaca, C.P. 62100, Morelos, Mexico.
authors.forename: Jorge
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Salmerón
keywords: Abdominal obesity; Insulin resistance; Mealtime habits; Metabolic syndrome; Mexican adults