title: An Examination of the Sequence of Intersecting Seal and Laser Printing Toner Line.
abstract: Examining the sequence of intersecting seal and laser printing line is a significant method of determining the authenticity and validity of documents. In this study, five brands of stamp pad inks, three types of inkpads and seven kinds of laser printers were used to make heterogeneous line intersections. Observation method of physical characteristics, scraping technique and fluorescence method was used to determine the sequence of intersecting lines. Distinguishing features were noted between the materials produced in both sequences. As the results obtained from the study were positive, these features might provide a scientific basis for accurately determining the sequence between laser printing line and inkpad (stamp pad ink) seal.
authors.affiliation: Department of Document Examination, National Police University of China, No. 83 Tawan Street, Shenyang City, 110854, China.
authors.forename: Biao
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: Department of Document Examination, National Police University of China, No. 83 Tawan Street, Shenyang City, 110854, China.
authors.forename: Guoliang
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Ouyang
keywords: document examination; forensic science; inkpad seal; laser printing line; sequence of intersecting lines; stamp pad ink seal