title: Adenosine, but not guanosine, protects vaginal epithelial cells from Trichomonas vaginalis cytotoxicity.
abstract: Trichomonas vaginalis causes the most common non-viral sexually transmitted disease worldwide. The cytoadherence and cytotoxicity upon the vaginal epithelial cells are crucial for the infection. Extracellular nucleotides are released during cell damage and, along with their nucleosides, can activate purinoceptors. The opposing effects of nucleotides versus nucleosides are regulated by ectonucleotidases. Herein we evaluated the hemolysis and cytolysis induced by T. vaginalis, as well as the extracellular nucleotide hydrolysis along with the effects mediated by nucleotides and nucleosides on cytotoxicity. In addition, the gene expression of purinoceptors in host cells was determined. The hemolysis and cytolysis exerted by all T. vaginalis isolates presented positive Pearson correlation. All T. vaginalis isolates were able to hydrolyze nucleotides, showing higher NTPDase than ecto-5'-nucleotidase activity. The most cytotoxic isolate, TV-LACM6, hydrolyzes ATP, GTP with more efficiency than AMP and GMP. The vaginal epithelial cell line (HMVII) expressed the genes for all subtypes of P1, P2X and P2Y receptors. Finally, when nucleotides and nucleosides were tested, the cytotoxic effect elicited by TV-LACM6 was increased with nucleotides. In contrast, the cytotoxicity was reversed by adenosine in presence of EHNA, but not by guanosine, contributing to the understanding of the purinergic signaling role on T. vaginalis cytotoxicity.
authors.affiliation: Laboratório de Pesquisa em Parasitologia, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Av. Ipiranga 2752, 90610-000, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil.
authors.forename: Camila Braz
authors.initials: CB
authors.lastname: Menezes
authors.affiliation: Laboratório de Pesquisa em Parasitologia, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Av. Ipiranga 2752, 90610-000, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil; Domo Salute Consultoria Regulatória Ltda, Rua Cristóvão Colombo 2948/411, CEP 90560-002, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil.
authors.forename: Amanda Piccoli
authors.initials: AP
authors.lastname: Frasson
authors.affiliation: Laboratório de Pesquisa em Parasitologia, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Av. Ipiranga 2752, 90610-000, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil.
authors.forename: Lucia Collares
authors.initials: LC
authors.lastname: Meirelles
authors.affiliation: Laboratório de Pesquisa em Parasitologia, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Av. Ipiranga 2752, 90610-000, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil. Electronic address: tiana.tasca@ufrgs.br.
authors.forename: Tiana
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Tasca
mesh_terms: D000241:Adenosine / Q000378:metabolism*; D002460:Cell Line; D002470:Cell Survival; D004847:Epithelial Cells / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000469:parasitology* / Q000502:physiology; D005260:Female; D006151:Guanosine / Q000378:metabolism*; D006801:Humans; D006868:Hydrolysis; D009711:Nucleotides / Q000378:metabolism; D011755:Pyrophosphatases / Q000378:metabolism; D011983:Receptors, Purinergic / Q000032:analysis; D014246:Trichomonas vaginalis / Q000254:growth & development*
chemical_list: D009711:Nucleotides; D011983:Receptors, Purinergic; D006151:Guanosine; D011755:Pyrophosphatases; D000241:Adenosine
keywords: Adenosine; Cytopathogenesis; Guanosine; NTPDase; Trichomonas vaginalis; ecto-5′nucleotidase