title: Vi capsular polysaccharide: Synthesis, virulence, and application.
abstract: Vi capsular polysaccharide, a linear homopolymer of α-1,4-linked N-acetylgalactosaminuronate, is characteristically produced by Salmonella enterica serovar Typhi. The Vi capsule covers the surface of the producing bacteria and serves as an virulence factor via inhibition of complement-mediated killing and promoting resistance against phagocytosis. Furthermore, Vi also represents a predominant protective antigen and plays a key role in the development of vaccines against typhoid fever. Herein, we reviewed the latest advances associated with the Vi polysaccharide, from its synthesis and transport within bacterial cells, mechanisms involved in virulence, immunological characteristics, and applications in vaccine, as well as its purification and detection methods.
authors.affiliation: a Department of Microbiology , Third Military Medical University , Chongqing , China.
authors.forename: Xiaomei
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Hu
authors.affiliation: a Department of Microbiology , Third Military Medical University , Chongqing , China.
authors.forename: Zhijin
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.affiliation: a Department of Microbiology , Third Military Medical University , Chongqing , China.
authors.forename: Kun
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Xiong
authors.affiliation: a Department of Microbiology , Third Military Medical University , Chongqing , China.
authors.forename: Jing
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: a Department of Microbiology , Third Military Medical University , Chongqing , China.
authors.forename: Xiancai
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Rao
authors.affiliation: a Department of Microbiology , Third Military Medical University , Chongqing , China.
authors.forename: Yanguang
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Cong
mesh_terms: D000942:Antigens, Bacterial / Q000276:immunology; D016667:Bacterial Capsules / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism*; D006801:Humans; D011135:Polysaccharides, Bacterial / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism*; D012485:Salmonella typhi / Q000276:immunology* / Q000472:pathogenicity*; D014435:Typhoid Fever / Q000382:microbiology; D014436:Typhoid-Paratyphoid Vaccines / Q000276:immunology; D037521:Virulence Factors / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D000942:Antigens, Bacterial; D011135:Polysaccharides, Bacterial; D014436:Typhoid-Paratyphoid Vaccines; C057664:Vi polysaccharide vaccine, typhoid; D037521:Virulence Factors; C054154:capsular polysaccharide, Salmonella
keywords: Salmonella; Vi; capsular polysaccharide; vaccine; virulence