title: Forms and Lability of Phosphorus in Algae and Aquatic Macrophytes Characterized by Solution31P NMR Coupled with Enzymatic Hydrolysis.
abstract: Solution Phosphorus-31 nuclear magnetic resonance (31P NMR) spectroscopy coupled with enzymatic hydrolysis (EH) with commercially available phosphatases was used to characterize phosphorus (P) compounds in extracts of the dominant aquatic macrophytes and algae in a eutrophic lake. Total extractable organic P (Po) concentrations ranged from 504 to 1643 mg kg-1and 2318 to 8395 mg kg-1for aquatic macrophytes and algae, respectively. Using31P NMR spectroscopy, 11 Pospecies were detected in the mono- and diester region. Additionally, orthophosphate, pyrophosphate and phosphonates were also detected. Using EH, phytate-like P was identified as the prevalent class of enzyme-labile Po, followed by labile monoester- and diester-P. Comparison of the NMR and EH data indicated that the distribution pattern of major P forms in the samples determined by the two methods was similar (r = 0.712, p < 0.05). Additional31P NMR spectroscopic analysis of extracts following EH showed significant decreases in the monoester and pyrophosphate regions, with a corresponding increase in the orthophosphate signal, as compared to unhydrolyzed extracts. Based on these quantity and hydrolysis data, we proposed that recycling of Poin vegetative biomass residues is an important mechanism for long-term self-regulation of available P for algal blooming in eutrophic lakes.
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, China.|College of Water Sciences, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China.
authors.forename: Weiying
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Feng
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, China.
authors.forename: Yuanrong
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Zhu
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, China.
authors.forename: Fengchang
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Wu
authors.affiliation: USDA-ARS, Southern Regional Research Center, New Orleans, LA 70124, USA.
authors.forename: Zhongqi
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: He
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, China.
authors.forename: Chen
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, China.|Department of Biomedical Veterinary Sciences and Toxicology Centre, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5B3, Canada.
authors.forename: John P
authors.initials: JP
authors.lastname: Giesy
mesh_terms: D002681:China; D005068:Eutrophication; D006868:Hydrolysis; D060106:Lakes; D009682:Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; D058086:Microalgae / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000378:metabolism; D010758:Phosphorus / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000378:metabolism; D053545:Spirulina / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D010758:Phosphorus