title: A Qualitative Study of Symptom Experiences of Women With Acute Coronary Syndrome.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Most studies show that women with symptoms of acute coronary syndrome (ACS) delay seeking care longer than men do. Contributing factors include women being more likely to experience diverse symptoms, to experience symptoms that do not match preexisting symptom expectations, to interpret symptoms as noncardiac, and to minimize symptoms until they become incapacitating.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  The aim of the study is to identify factors influencing women's ability to recognize and accurately interpret symptoms of suspected ACS.
  
  
  METHODS
  This qualitative study used in-depth interviews with 18 women diagnosed with ACS to determine how they recognized, interpreted, and acted on symptoms. An interview guide developed from the author's initial research was used to provide structure for the process.
  
  
  RESULTS
  All of the women went through a process of recognizing and interpreting their symptoms. Eight women had symptoms arise abruptly. Most of these women recognized a change immediately, "knew" to go for treatment, and did so quickly. Three women had vague symptoms that started slowly, converting unexpectedly to intense symptoms prompting them to seek care urgently. The remaining 7 women had evolving symptoms, were more likely to interpret symptoms as unrelated to their heart, and avoided disclosing symptoms to others. Despite recognizing that the situation may be serious, women with evolving symptoms adopted a wait-and-see approach.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Women with less severe, intermittent, or evolving symptoms are at increased risk for delayed presentation, diagnosis, and treatment for ACS. These women should be targeted for educational and behavioral interventions.
authors.affiliation: Leslie L. Davis, PhD, RN, ANP-BC, FAANP, FPCNA, FAHA Assistant Professor of Nursing, School of Nursing, University of North Carolina, Greensboro.
authors.forename: Leslie L
authors.initials: LL
authors.lastname: Davis
mesh_terms: D054058:Acute Coronary Syndrome / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000523:psychology*; D000328:Adult; D001294:Attitude to Health; D003657:Decision Making; D059026:Diagnostic Self Evaluation; D005260:Female; D007722:Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice; D006801:Humans; D008875:Middle Aged; D010342:Patient Acceptance of Health Care / Q000523:psychology*; D036301:Qualitative Research; D012307:Risk Factors; D013997:Time Factors