title: Real-time Simultaneous DKG and 2D DKG Using High-speed Digital Camera.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  For the evaluation of voice disorders, direct observation of vocal cord vibration is important. Among the various methods, laryngeal videostroboscopy (LVS) is widely used, but it was not a true image because it collects images from different cycles. In contrast, high-speed videoendoscopy and videokymography have much higher frame rates and can assess functional and mobility disorders.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  The purpose of the study is to describe real-time, simultaneous digital kymography (DKG), two-dimensional scanning (2D) DKG, and multi-frame (MF) LVS system using a high-speed digital camera, and identify the efficacy of this system in evaluating vibratory patterns of pathologic voice.
  
  
  METHODS
  The pattern of vocal fold vibration was evaluated in a vocally healthy subject and in subjects with vocal polyp, vocal nodules, vocal cord scar, and vocal cord paralysis. We used both quantitative (left-right phase symmetry, amplitude symmetry index) and qualitative (anterior-posterior phase symmetry) parameters for assessment of vocal fold vibration.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Our system could record videos within seconds and required relatively little memory. The speed of replay in the DKG, 2D DKG, MF LVS, and high-speed videoendoscopy was controllable. The number of frame per cycle with MF LVS was almost the same as the fundamental frequency.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our system can provide images of various modalities simultaneously in real time and analyze morphological and functional vibratory patterns. It can be possible to provide a greater level of information for the diagnosis and treatment of vibratory disorders.
authors.affiliation: Department of Applied IT and Engineering, Pusan National University, Miryang, Gyeongsangnam-do, South Korea.
authors.forename: Duck-Hoon
authors.initials: DH
authors.lastname: Kang
authors.affiliation: Department of Otolaryngology, School of Medicine, Pusan National University, Yang-san, Gyeongsangnam-do, South Korea.
authors.forename: Soo-Geun
authors.initials: SG
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: Department of Speech Rehabilitation, Choonhae Collage of Health Sciences, Ulsan, South Korea.
authors.forename: Hee-June
authors.initials: HJ
authors.lastname: Park
authors.affiliation: Department of Otolaryngology, School of Medicine, Pusan National University, Yang-san, Gyeongsangnam-do, South Korea.
authors.forename: Jin-Choon
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.affiliation: Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Medicine, Pusan National University, Yang-san, Gyeongsangnam-do, South Korea.
authors.forename: Gye-Rok
authors.initials: GR
authors.lastname: Jeon
authors.affiliation: Technology Research Institute, IMI Technology Co., Ltd., Gyeonggi-do, South Korea.
authors.forename: Ill-Sang
authors.initials: IS
authors.lastname: Choi
authors.affiliation: Department of Applied IT and Engineering, Pusan National University, Miryang, Gyeongsangnam-do, South Korea.
authors.forename: Seon-Jong
authors.initials: SJ
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.affiliation: Department of Applied IT and Engineering, Pusan National University, Miryang, Gyeongsangnam-do, South Korea. Electronic address: voicebjshin@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Bum-Joo
authors.initials: BJ
authors.lastname: Shin
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D001696:Biomechanical Phenomena; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D002921:Cicatrix / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000503:physiopathology; D004867:Equipment Design; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007600:Judgment; D007734:Kymography / Q000295:instrumentation* / Q000379:methods; D007818:Laryngeal Diseases / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000503:physiopathology; D007828:Laryngoscopy / Q000295:instrumentation* / Q000379:methods; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010699:Phonation; D011127:Polyps / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000503:physiopathology; D011237:Predictive Value of Tests; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D049489:Stroboscopy / Q000295:instrumentation* / Q000379:methods; D013997:Time Factors; D014732:Vibration; D014741:Video Recording / Q000295:instrumentation* / Q000379:methods; D014796:Visual Perception; D014826:Vocal Cord Paralysis / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000503:physiopathology; D014827:Vocal Cords / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000503:physiopathology
keywords: 2D DKG; DKG; Real-time; Videostroboscopy