title: Changes in Glutathione S-Transferase Activity and Parental Care Patterns in a Catfish (Pisces, Ariidae) as a Biomarker of Anthropogenic Impact in a Brazilian Harbor.
abstract: Catfish have been used as a model system for studying biochemical mechanisms of biotransformation. The main goal of this study was to identify alterations in hepatic glutathione S-transferase (GST) activity and changes in the parental care pattern of a mouth-brooding catfish, Sciades herzbergii, as a biomarker of anthropogenic impact in a port area on the northeastern coast of Brazil. The fish were sampled from a natural reserve (A1 = reference site) and from an industrialized port area (A2 = impacted site). Two analyses were carried out: hepatic GST activity and mouth-brooding behavior of males. Catfish collected from the A1 site displayed all stages of gonadal maturation, and some of the adult males were mouth brooding 12-30 embryos. Not all gonadal maturation stages of the catfish were represented at the A2 site, and no mouth-brooding males were observed. GST activity in the liver of S. herzbergii was significantly higher in fish from the impacted site compared with fish from the reference site. Values for the enzymatic activity increased progressively in fish sampled from the reserve area as they became more reproductively mature (immature ≤ maturing ≤ mature ≤ spent). However, the greatest values for GST activity (2.84 ± 0.31 μmol min-1mg protein-1) among fish sampled from the impacted area were found in (immature) juveniles. These data suggest that changes in hepatic GST activity and mouth-brooding behavior of S. herzbergii can be used as biomarkers of anthropogenic impact.
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry and Biology, State University of Maranhão (UEMA), Campus Paulo VI, Caixa Postal 9, São Luís, Maranhão, 65000-000, Brazil. raimundafortes@yahoo.com.br.|Laboratory of Biomarkers in Aquatic Organisms (LABOAq), State University of Maranhão (UEMA), Campus Paulo VI, São Luís, Maranhão, 65000-000, Brazil. raimundafortes@yahoo.com.br.|Master Program of Aquatic Resources and Fisheries (PPGRAP), State University of Maranhão (UEMA), Campus Paulo VI, São Luís, Maranhão, 65000-000, Brazil. raimundafortes@yahoo.com.br.|Master Programa in Oceanography, Federal University of Maranhão (UFMA), Campus Dom Delgado, São Luís, Maranhão, Brazil. raimundafortes@yahoo.com.br.
authors.forename: Raimunda Nonata
authors.initials: RN
authors.lastname: Fortes Carvalho Neta
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Biomarkers in Aquatic Organisms (LABOAq), State University of Maranhão (UEMA), Campus Paulo VI, São Luís, Maranhão, 65000-000, Brazil.
authors.forename: Gleyciane Lobato
authors.initials: GL
authors.lastname: Barbosa
authors.affiliation: Master Program of Aquatic Resources and Fisheries (PPGRAP), State University of Maranhão (UEMA), Campus Paulo VI, São Luís, Maranhão, 65000-000, Brazil.
authors.forename: Hetty Salvino
authors.initials: HS
authors.lastname: Torres
authors.affiliation: Master Program of Aquatic Resources and Fisheries (PPGRAP), State University of Maranhão (UEMA), Campus Paulo VI, São Luís, Maranhão, 65000-000, Brazil.
authors.forename: Débora Batista
authors.initials: DB
authors.lastname: Pinheiro Sousa
authors.affiliation: Master Program of Aquatic Resources and Fisheries (PPGRAP), State University of Maranhão (UEMA), Campus Paulo VI, São Luís, Maranhão, 65000-000, Brazil.
authors.forename: Jonatas da Silva
authors.initials: JD
authors.lastname: Castro
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry and Biology, State University of Maranhão (UEMA), Campus Paulo VI, Caixa Postal 9, São Luís, Maranhão, 65000-000, Brazil.|Master Program of Aquatic Resources and Fisheries (PPGRAP), State University of Maranhão (UEMA), Campus Paulo VI, São Luís, Maranhão, 65000-000, Brazil.
authors.forename: Débora Martins Silva
authors.initials: DM
authors.lastname: Santos
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry and Biology, State University of Maranhão (UEMA), Campus Paulo VI, Caixa Postal 9, São Luís, Maranhão, 65000-000, Brazil.|Master Program of Aquatic Resources and Fisheries (PPGRAP), State University of Maranhão (UEMA), Campus Paulo VI, São Luís, Maranhão, 65000-000, Brazil.
authors.forename: Lígia
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Tchaicka
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry and Biology, State University of Maranhão (UEMA), Campus Paulo VI, Caixa Postal 9, São Luís, Maranhão, 65000-000, Brazil.|Master Program of Aquatic Resources and Fisheries (PPGRAP), State University of Maranhão (UEMA), Campus Paulo VI, São Luís, Maranhão, 65000-000, Brazil.
authors.forename: Zafira da Silva de
authors.initials: ZD
authors.lastname: Almeida
authors.affiliation: Master Program of Aquatic Resources and Fisheries (PPGRAP), State University of Maranhão (UEMA), Campus Paulo VI, São Luís, Maranhão, 65000-000, Brazil.
authors.forename: Erivania Gomes
authors.initials: EG
authors.lastname: Teixeira
authors.affiliation: Master Program of Aquatic Resources and Fisheries (PPGRAP), State University of Maranhão (UEMA), Campus Paulo VI, São Luís, Maranhão, 65000-000, Brazil.|Master Programa in Oceanography, Federal University of Maranhão (UFMA), Campus Dom Delgado, São Luís, Maranhão, Brazil.
authors.forename: Audalio Rebelo
authors.initials: AR
authors.lastname: Torres
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D015415:Biomarkers; D001938:Brazil; D002397:Catfishes / Q000502:physiology*; D005260:Female; D005982:Glutathione Transferase / Q000378:metabolism*; D008099:Liver / Q000187:drug effects / Q000201:enzymology; D008297:Male; D010332:Paternal Behavior / Q000187:drug effects*; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical / Q000633:toxicity*
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical; D005982:Glutathione Transferase