title: Amygdala and auditory cortex exhibit distinct sensitivity to relevant acoustic features of auditory emotions.
abstract: Discriminating between auditory signals of different affective value is critical to successful social interaction. It is commonly held that acoustic decoding of such signals occurs in the auditory system, whereas affective decoding occurs in the amygdala. However, given that the amygdala receives direct subcortical projections that bypass the auditory cortex, it is possible that some acoustic decoding occurs in the amygdala as well, when the acoustic features are relevant for affective discrimination. We tested this hypothesis by combining functional neuroimaging with the neurophysiological phenomena of repetition suppression (RS) and repetition enhancement (RE) in human listeners. Our results show that both amygdala and auditory cortex responded differentially to physical voice features, suggesting that the amygdala and auditory cortex decode the affective quality of the voice not only by processing the emotional content from previously processed acoustic features, but also by processing the acoustic features themselves, when these are relevant to the identification of the voice's affective value. Specifically, we found that the auditory cortex is sensitive to spectral high-frequency voice cues when discriminating vocal anger from vocal fear and joy, whereas the amygdala is sensitive to vocal pitch when discriminating between negative vocal emotions (i.e., anger and fear). Vocal pitch is an instantaneously recognized voice feature, which is potentially transferred to the amygdala by direct subcortical projections. These results together provide evidence that, besides the auditory cortex, the amygdala too processes acoustic information, when this is relevant to the discrimination of auditory emotions.
authors.affiliation: Swiss Center for Affective Sciences, University of Geneva, Switzerland; Neuroscience of Emotion and Affective Dynamics Laboratory, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland; Department of Fundamental Neuroscience, Geneva University Hospital, Geneva, Switzerland.
authors.forename: Alessia
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Pannese
authors.affiliation: Swiss Center for Affective Sciences, University of Geneva, Switzerland; Neuroscience of Emotion and Affective Dynamics Laboratory, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland.
authors.forename: Didier
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Grandjean
authors.affiliation: Swiss Center for Affective Sciences, University of Geneva, Switzerland; Department of Psychology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland; Neuroscience Center Zurich, University of Zurich and ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland; Center for Integrative Human Physiology (ZIHP), University of Zurich, Switzerland. Electronic address: sascha.fruehholz@uzh.ch.
authors.forename: Sascha
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Frühholz
mesh_terms: D000161:Acoustic Stimulation / Q000379:methods; D000679:Amygdala / Q000502:physiology*; D001303:Auditory Cortex / Q000502:physiology*; D001307:Auditory Perception / Q000502:physiology*; D001931:Brain Mapping / Q000379:methods; D004644:Emotions / Q000502:physiology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007091:Image Processing, Computer-Assisted / Q000379:methods; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging / Q000379:methods; D014831:Voice / Q000502:physiology
keywords: Amygdala; Auditory emotions; Temporal voice area; Voice; fMRI