title: Neuropsychological study of IQ scores in offspring of parents with bipolar I disorder.
abstract: Studies comparing IQ in Offspring of Bipolar Parents (OBP) with Offspring of Healthy Controls (OHC) have reported conflicting findings. They have included OBP with mental health/neurodevelopmental disorders and/or pharmacological treatment which could affect results. This UK study aimed to assess IQ in OBP with no mental health/neurodevelopmental disorder and assess the relationship of sociodemographic variables with IQ.
  
  
  
  IQ data using the Wechsler Abbreviated Scale of Intelligence (WASI) from 24 OBP and 34 OHC from the North East of England was analysed using mixed-effects modelling.
  
  
  
  All participants had IQ in the average range. OBP differed statistically significantly from OHC on Full Scale IQ (p = .001), Performance IQ (PIQ) (p = .003) and Verbal IQ (VIQ) (p = .001) but not on the PIQ-VIQ split. OBP and OHC groups did not differ on socio-economic status (SES) and gender. SES made a statistically significant contribution to the variance of IQ scores (p = .001).
  
  
  
  Using a robust statistical model of analysis, the OBP with no current/past history of mental health/neurodevelopmental disorders had lower IQ scores compared to OHC. This finding should be borne in mind when assessing and recommending interventions for OBP.
authors.affiliation: a Institute of Neuroscience , Newcastle University , Newcastle upon Tyne , UK.|b Northumberland, Tyne and Wear NHS Foundation Trust , Newcastle upon Tyne , UK.
authors.forename: Aditya
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Sharma
authors.affiliation: c Institute of Health and Society , Newcastle University , Newcastle upon Tyne , UK.|d Tees, Esk and Wear Valley NHS Foundation Trust , Middlesborough , UK.
authors.forename: Nigel
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Camilleri
authors.affiliation: a Institute of Neuroscience , Newcastle University , Newcastle upon Tyne , UK.|b Northumberland, Tyne and Wear NHS Foundation Trust , Newcastle upon Tyne , UK.|e Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy , Paracelsus Medical University , Salzburg , Austria.
authors.forename: Heinz
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Grunze
authors.affiliation: a Institute of Neuroscience , Newcastle University , Newcastle upon Tyne , UK.
authors.forename: Evelyn
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Barron
authors.affiliation: a Institute of Neuroscience , Newcastle University , Newcastle upon Tyne , UK.
authors.forename: James
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Le Couteur
authors.affiliation: f School of Biology , Newcastle University , Newcastle upon Tyne , UK.
authors.forename: Andrew
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Close
authors.affiliation: f School of Biology , Newcastle University , Newcastle upon Tyne , UK.
authors.forename: Steven
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Rushton
authors.affiliation: a Institute of Neuroscience , Newcastle University , Newcastle upon Tyne , UK.|g Newcastle upon Tyne Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust , Newcastle upon Tyne , UK.
authors.forename: Thomas
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Kelly
authors.affiliation: a Institute of Neuroscience , Newcastle University , Newcastle upon Tyne , UK.|b Northumberland, Tyne and Wear NHS Foundation Trust , Newcastle upon Tyne , UK.
authors.forename: Ian Nicol
authors.initials: IN
authors.lastname: Ferrier
authors.affiliation: b Northumberland, Tyne and Wear NHS Foundation Trust , Newcastle upon Tyne , UK.|c Institute of Health and Society , Newcastle University , Newcastle upon Tyne , UK.
authors.forename: Ann
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Le Couteur
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D001714:Bipolar Disorder; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D002648:Child; D016241:Child of Impaired Parents; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007360:Intelligence; D007361:Intelligence Tests; D008297:Male; D010290:Parents
keywords: Bipolar disorder; IQ; offspring; socio-economic status