title: A prospective study of impaired fasting glucose and type 2 diabetes in China: The Kailuan study.
abstract: The worldwide prevalence and incidence of diabetes and obesity are increasing in pandemic proportions. This is particularly relevant for China, where an extremely large population is growing, aging, and urbanizing. We thus conducted a prospective study to examine the prevalence and incidence of impaired fasting glucose (IFG) and diabetes, the rate at which fasting blood glucose rises, and the major modifiable risk factors associated with these outcomes in a large Chinese population from the Kailuan prospective study.A prospective cohort included 100,279 Chinese participants, aged 18 years or more, who had available information on fasting blood glucose concentrations at the start of the study (2006). Examination surveys were conducted every 2 years in 2008 and 2010. For the analyses of incident diabetes, we included 76,869 participants who were free of diabetes, cardiovascular disease, and cancer at the baseline and participants in the 2008 and/or 2010 follow-up. Diabetes was defined by a fasting blood glucose concentration ≥7 mmol/L, self-reported history, or active treatment with insulin or any oral hypoglycemic agent. IFG was defined by a fasting blood glucose concentration between 5.6 and 6.9 mmol/L.During the 4-year study, the prevalence of diabetes and IFG rose from 6.6% to 7.7%, and 17.3% to 22.6%, respectively. There were 17,811 incident cases of IFG and 4867 incident cases of diabetes. The age-standardized incident rate of IFG and diabetes were 62.6/1000 person-years (51.2/1000 person-years in women and 73.8/1000 person-years in men) and 10.0/1000 person-years (7.8/1000 person-years in women and 12.1/1000 person-years in men), respectively. We observed steady increases in fasting blood glucose with body anthropometrics and in every defined category of body mass index, including in those traditionally considered to be well within the "normal" range.In this large longitudinal study of Chinese adults, we observed a high prevalence and incidence of IFG and diabetes over 4 years of follow-up. Our findings are alarming for Chinese public health since steady rises in fasting blood glucose were seen across all permutations of body habitus, even apparently very lean individuals.
authors.affiliation: Department of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Hypertension, Brigham and Women's Hospital & Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA Department of Internal Medicine, Kailuan Hospital Department of Internal Medicine, Hebei Union University Hospital, Tangshan, Hebei Department of Neurology, Beijing Tian Tan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China Department of Rheumatology, Brigham and Women's Hospital & Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA Department of respiratory medicine, The People's Hospital of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, Ürümqi, Xinjiang, China Department of Nutrition, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA Department of Nutritional Science, Penn State University, State College, PA.
authors.forename: Anand
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Vaidya
authors.forename: Liufu
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Cui
authors.forename: Lixia
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Sun
authors.forename: Bing
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Lu
authors.forename: Shuohua
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.forename: Xing
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.forename: Yong
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Zhou
authors.forename: Xiurong
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.forename: Xiaobing
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Xie
authors.forename: Frank B
authors.initials: FB
authors.lastname: Hu
authors.forename: Shouling
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Wu
authors.forename: Xiang
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Gao
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D001786:Blood Glucose / Q000032:analysis*; D002681:China / Q000453:epidemiology; D003924:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / Q000453:epidemiology*; D005215:Fasting; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D015994:Incidence; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D015995:Prevalence; D011446:Prospective Studies
chemical_list: D001786:Blood Glucose