title: Effect of T-2 toxin-contaminated diet on common carp (Cyprinus carpio L.).
abstract: The T-2 toxin, a fungal metabolite produced by Fusarium molds, occurs in a range of agriculture products. Reduced availability of fish meal has led to increasing use of cereals as a source of protein in commercial aquaculture feeds, which has increased the potential for mycotoxin contamination. The purpose of this study was to investigate toxicity of T-2 toxin intake in common carp (Cyprinus carpio L.) using haematological, biochemical and immunological parameters and oxidative stress indices. In a four-week feeding trial, fish were fed a commercial diet with 5.3 mg/kg T-2 toxin added. Ingestion of contaminated diet did not lead to mortality of fish, probably due to lower feed intake. On the other hand, it significantly affected haematological variables such as haematocrit, haemoglobin, red blood cell counts leading to anemia and white blood cell counts leading to leukopenia due to lymphopenia. Plasma glucose concentration and alanine amino transferase activity showed a significant increase while triglycerides concentration decreased. Activity of ceruloplasmin was significantly decreased in plasma. Further, liver glutathione S-transferase activity was significantly increased and catalase activity decreased, in parallel with a significant increase in caudal kidney catalase activity and a decrease in glutathione peroxidase activity. Finally, lipid peroxidation (detected as malondialdehyde) was significantly increased in the liver and caudal kidney. Changes in non-specific immune response and cytokine levels in head kidney indicated immune system sensitivity to T-2 toxin. Overall, the results demonstrate that this feed-borne mycotoxin is able to induce anaemia and oxidative stress and cause changes in the immune response of common carp.
authors.affiliation: Department of Animal Protection, Welfare and Behavior, University of Veterinary and Pharmaceutical Sciences Brno, Palackeho tr. 1946/1, 612 42 Brno, Czechia; Department of Immunology, Veterinary Research Institute, Hudcova 296/70, 621 00 Brno, Czechia.
authors.forename: Iveta
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Matejova
authors.affiliation: Department of Immunology, Veterinary Research Institute, Hudcova 296/70, 621 00 Brno, Czechia. Electronic address: faldyna@vri.cz.
authors.forename: Martin
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Faldyna
authors.affiliation: Department of Zoology, Fisheries, Hydrobiology and Apiculture, Mendel University in Brno, Zemedelska 1, 613 00 Brno, Czechia.
authors.forename: Helena
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Modra
authors.affiliation: Department of Animal Protection, Welfare and Behavior, University of Veterinary and Pharmaceutical Sciences Brno, Palackeho tr. 1946/1, 612 42 Brno, Czechia.
authors.forename: Jana
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Blahova
authors.affiliation: Department of Ecology and Diseases of Game, Fish and Bees, University of Veterinary and Pharmaceutical Sciences Brno, Palackeho tr. 1946/1, 612 42 Brno, Czechia.
authors.forename: Miroslava
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Palikova
authors.affiliation: Department of Ecology and Diseases of Game, Fish and Bees, University of Veterinary and Pharmaceutical Sciences Brno, Palackeho tr. 1946/1, 612 42 Brno, Czechia.
authors.forename: Zdenka
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Markova
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmaceutics, University of Veterinary and Pharmaceutical Sciences Brno, Palackeho tr. 1946/1, 612 42 Brno, Czechia.
authors.forename: Ales
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Franc
authors.affiliation: Department of Immunology, Veterinary Research Institute, Hudcova 296/70, 621 00 Brno, Czechia.
authors.forename: Monika
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Vicenova
authors.affiliation: Department of Animal Physiology and Immunology, Masaryk University, 61137 Brno, Czechia.
authors.forename: Libor
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Vojtek
authors.affiliation: Department of Animal Physiology and Immunology, Masaryk University, 61137 Brno, Czechia.
authors.forename: Jana
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Bartonkova
authors.affiliation: Department of Animal Protection, Welfare and Behavior, University of Veterinary and Pharmaceutical Sciences Brno, Palackeho tr. 1946/1, 612 42 Brno, Czechia.
authors.forename: Pavla
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Sehonova
authors.affiliation: Department of Animal Protection, Welfare and Behavior, University of Veterinary and Pharmaceutical Sciences Brno, Palackeho tr. 1946/1, 612 42 Brno, Czechia.
authors.forename: Martin
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Hostovsky
authors.affiliation: Department of Animal Protection, Welfare and Behavior, University of Veterinary and Pharmaceutical Sciences Brno, Palackeho tr. 1946/1, 612 42 Brno, Czechia.
authors.forename: Zdenka
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Svobodova
mesh_terms: D000821:Animal Feed / Q000032:analysis; D000818:Animals; D002347:Carps / Q000276:immunology / Q000502:physiology*; D004032:Diet / Q000662:veterinary; D006403:Hematologic Tests / Q000662:veterinary; D007113:Immunity, Innate / Q000187:drug effects*; D018384:Oxidative Stress / Q000187:drug effects*; D013605:T-2 Toxin / Q000633:toxicity*
chemical_list: D013605:T-2 Toxin
keywords: Complement; Fusarium; Mycotoxin; Phagocytes; TBARS; Trichothecenes