title: Templates as a method for implementing data provenance in decision support systems.
abstract: Decision support systems are used as a method of promoting consistent guideline-based diagnosis supporting clinical reasoning at point of care. However, despite the availability of numerous commercial products, the wider acceptance of these systems has been hampered by concerns about diagnostic performance and a perceived lack of transparency in the process of generating clinical recommendations. This resonates with the Learning Health System paradigm that promotes data-driven medicine relying on routine data capture and transformation, which also stresses the need for trust in an evidence-based system. Data provenance is a way of automatically capturing the trace of a research task and its resulting data, thereby facilitating trust and the principles of reproducible research. While computational domains have started to embrace this technology through provenance-enabled execution middlewares, traditionally non-computational disciplines, such as medical research, that do not rely on a single software platform, are still struggling with its adoption. In order to address these issues, we introduce provenance templates - abstract provenance fragments representing meaningful domain actions. Templates can be used to generate a model-driven service interface for domain software tools to routinely capture the provenance of their data and tasks. This paper specifies the requirements for a Decision Support tool based on the Learning Health System, introduces the theoretical model for provenance templates and demonstrates the resulting architecture. Our methods were tested and validated on the provenance infrastructure for a Diagnostic Decision Support System that was developed as part of the EU FP7 TRANSFoRm project.
authors.affiliation: Division of Health and Social Care Research, King's College London, London, United Kingdom. Electronic address: vasa.curcin@kcl.ac.uk.
authors.forename: Vasa
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Curcin
authors.affiliation: Division of Health and Social Care Research, King's College London, London, United Kingdom. Electronic address: elliot.fairweather@kcl.ac.uk.
authors.forename: Elliot
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Fairweather
authors.affiliation: Reed Online Ltd, London, United Kingdom. Electronic address: roxana.danger@reedonline.co.uk.
authors.forename: Roxana
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Danger
authors.affiliation: Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Dublin, Ireland. Electronic address: derekcorrigan@rcsi.ie.
authors.forename: Derek
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Corrigan
mesh_terms: D035843:Biomedical Research / Q000639:trends*; D003199:Computer Systems; D003625:Data Collection / Q000592:standards*; D020000:Decision Support Systems, Clinical; D006801:Humans; D008962:Models, Theoretical; D012984:Software
keywords: D2.1 (Software Engineering) Requirements/specification J.3 (Life and Medical Sciences): Health data provenance; Decision support systems; Model-driven architectures