title: Etravirine and Rilpivirine Drug Resistance Among HIV-1 Subtype C Infected Children Failing Non-Nucleoside Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitor-Based Regimens in South India.
abstract: We have analyzed reverse transcriptase (RT) region of HIV-1 pol gene from 97 HIV-infected children who were identified as failing first-line therapy that included first-generation non-nucleoside RT inhibitors (Nevirapine and Efavirenz) for at least 6 months. We found that 54% and 65% of the children had genotypically predicted resistance to second-generation non-nucleoside RT inhibitors drugs Etravirine (ETR) and Rilpivirine, respectively. These cross-resistance mutations may compromise future NNRTI-based regimens, especially in resource-limited settings. To complement these investigations, we also analyzed the sequences in Stanford database, Monogram weighted score, and DUET weighted score algorithms for ETR susceptibility and found almost perfect agreement between the three algorithms in predicting ETR susceptibility from genotypic data.
authors.affiliation: 1 Y.R. Gaitonde Centre for AIDS Research and Education (YRG CARE) , Chennai, India .
authors.forename: Shanmugam
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Saravanan
authors.affiliation: 1 Y.R. Gaitonde Centre for AIDS Research and Education (YRG CARE) , Chennai, India .
authors.forename: Bagavathi
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Kausalya
authors.affiliation: 1 Y.R. Gaitonde Centre for AIDS Research and Education (YRG CARE) , Chennai, India .
authors.forename: Selvamurthi
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Gomathi
authors.affiliation: 1 Y.R. Gaitonde Centre for AIDS Research and Education (YRG CARE) , Chennai, India .
authors.forename: Sathasivam
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Sivamalar
authors.affiliation: 1 Y.R. Gaitonde Centre for AIDS Research and Education (YRG CARE) , Chennai, India .
authors.forename: Balakrishnan
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Pachamuthu
authors.affiliation: 1 Y.R. Gaitonde Centre for AIDS Research and Education (YRG CARE) , Chennai, India .
authors.forename: Poongulali
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Selvamuthu
authors.affiliation: 1 Y.R. Gaitonde Centre for AIDS Research and Education (YRG CARE) , Chennai, India .
authors.forename: Amrose
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Pradeep
authors.affiliation: 1 Y.R. Gaitonde Centre for AIDS Research and Education (YRG CARE) , Chennai, India .|2 Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine , Baltimore, Maryland.
authors.forename: Solomon
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Sunil
authors.affiliation: 3 Asha Kirana Hospital , Mysore, India .
authors.forename: Sarvode N
authors.initials: SN
authors.lastname: Mothi
authors.affiliation: 4 University of California , San Diego, San Diego, California.
authors.forename: Davey M
authors.initials: DM
authors.lastname: Smith
authors.affiliation: 5 Brown University , Providence, Rhode Island.
authors.forename: Rami
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Kantor
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D019380:Anti-HIV Agents / Q000494:pharmacology* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D024882:Drug Resistance, Viral; D005260:Female; D005838:Genotype; D015658:HIV Infections / Q000821:virology*; D054303:HIV Reverse Transcriptase / Q000235:genetics; D015497:HIV-1 / Q000145:classification / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000235:genetics; D006801:Humans; D007194:India; D008297:Male; D020125:Mutation, Missense; D009570:Nitriles; D011724:Pyridazines / Q000494:pharmacology* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D011743:Pyrimidines; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D000068696:Rilpivirine / Q000494:pharmacology* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D017422:Sequence Analysis, DNA; D017211:Treatment Failure
chemical_list: D019380:Anti-HIV Agents; D009570:Nitriles; D011724:Pyridazines; D011743:Pyrimidines; C451734:etravirine; D054303:HIV Reverse Transcriptase; D000068696:Rilpivirine
keywords: HIV drug resistance; HIV drug resistance in South India; HIV in children; etravirine; etravirine resistance in children; rilpivirine; subtype C resistance