title: Evaluation of the sonographic visibility and sonographic appearance of the breast biopsy marker (UltraClip®) placed in phantoms and patients.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate the usefulness of the UltraClip®dual trigger breast tissue marker (UltraClip) for sonographic localization, we investigate the sonographic visibility and sonographic appearance of the UltraClip placed in phantoms and patients.
  
  
  METHODS
  Ten UltraClips were placed in the target lesions in the phantoms. After the ultrasound examination of the UltraClip, the ultrasound images were compared to the real appearance of the UltraClip obtained by cutting the phantoms. In the patient, the UltraClip markers were placed after biopsy of a suspicious breast lesion or before or during neoadjuvant chemotherapy. The patients consented to return 1-3 weeks after the procedure for ultrasound imaging of the UltraClip.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The UltraClip placed in the phantom appeared as a hyperechoic structure with a mean maximum diameter of 5.5 mm, which was found to correspond to the metallic clip in 90% (9/10) of the cases, and as a hyperechoic tubular structure with a maximum diameter of 9.0 mm corresponded to the expanded polyvinyl alcohol polymer in the remaining 10% (1/10) of cases. On the other hand, the UltraClip was detected as a hyperechoic structure measuring 3.5 mm in size only in 9 of the 15 (60%) patients. The sonographic visibility of the UltraClip was not affected depending on whether the target lesion or post-biopsy scar was sonographically detectable or not [60% (6/10) vs. 60% (3/5)].
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  While sonographic localization by targeting the UltraClip may be useful in 60% of the patients, another localization technique will be needed in the remaining patients.
authors.affiliation: Breast Center, Kameda Medical Center, 929 Higashi-cho, Kamogawa, Chiba, 296-8602, Japan. sakamoto.naomi@kameda.jp.
authors.forename: Naomi
authors.identifier: http://orcid.org/0000-0002-5286-5116
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Sakamoto
authors.affiliation: Division of Ultrasonographic Examination, Kameda Medical Center, Kamogawa, Japan.
authors.forename: Yukari
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Ogawa
authors.affiliation: Breast Center, Kameda Medical Center, 929 Higashi-cho, Kamogawa, Chiba, 296-8602, Japan.
authors.forename: Yuko
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Tsunoda
authors.affiliation: Breast Center, Kameda Medical Center, 929 Higashi-cho, Kamogawa, Chiba, 296-8602, Japan.
authors.forename: Eisuke
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Fukuma
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor / Q000032:analysis*; D001707:Biopsy, Needle / Q000295:instrumentation*; D001943:Breast Neoplasms / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000601:surgery; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D008875:Middle Aged; D019047:Phantoms, Imaging; D025321:Surgery, Computer-Assisted / Q000295:instrumentation*; D016217:Ultrasonography, Mammary / Q000379:methods*
chemical_list: D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor
keywords: Breast biopsy marker; Breast ultrasound; Metallic clip; Phantoms; Ultrasound localization