title: Leptin as a cardiovascular risk marker in metabolically healthy obese: Hyperleptinemia in metabolically healthy obese.
abstract: Adipokines contribute to the inflammatory process which can lead to obesity-associated cardiometabolic complications. Metabolically healthy obese individuals seem to be protected or more resistant to develop these complications and it is intriguing why some individuals develop comorbidities and others do not. Thus, we questioned whether the differences between metabolically healthy and unhealthy obese relied on the alterations in metabolic profile, characterized by serum leptin and adiponectin. A total of 142 obese adults were divided into 2 groups - metabolically healthy obese (MHO) or unhealthy obese (MUO) - and they were evaluated for anthropometric measures, body composition, blood pressure, dietary intakes and plasma levels of leptin and adiponectin. Leptin/adiponectin ratio (L/A) was calculated. Age, BMI and blood pressure were higher in the MUO. No differences in anthropometric measurements, body composition, dietary intake and dietary quality were observed between groups. Leptin were significantly higher in the MUO (53.07 ± 34.56 versus 36.27 ± 24.02 ng/ml in the MHO, r < 0.04). The logistic regression analysis demonstrated that leptin was an important factor associated with not being healthy, independent of age, body weight and BMI. There were no differences between groups for adiponectin and L/A. Leptin correlated positively with body weight (r = 0.25, r < 0.05), BMI (r = 0.38, r < 0.05) and BF (r = 0.74, r < 0.05), and negatively with FFM (r = -0.74, r < 0.05). Our findings suggest that leptin is an important cardiovascular disease marker to obese population and can contribute to evaluate metabolic risks in these individuals.
authors.affiliation: Programa de Pós-graduação Interdisciplinar em Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal de São Paulo - UNIFESP, Santos, SP, Brazil.
authors.forename: Giovana
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Jamar
authors.affiliation: Programa de Pós-graduação Interdisciplinar em Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal de São Paulo - UNIFESP, Santos, SP, Brazil; Departamento de Biociências, Universidade Federal de São Paulo - UNIFESP, Santos, SP, Brazil.
authors.forename: Danielle Arisa
authors.initials: DA
authors.lastname: Caranti
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Biociências, Universidade Federal de São Paulo - UNIFESP, Santos, SP, Brazil.
authors.forename: Helena
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: de Cassia Cesar
authors.affiliation: Programa de Pós-Graduação em Nutrição, Universidade Federal de São Paulo - UNIFESP, São Paulo SP, Brazil.
authors.forename: Deborah Cristina Landi
authors.initials: DCL
authors.lastname: Masquio
authors.affiliation: Programa de Pós-graduação Interdisciplinar em Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal de São Paulo - UNIFESP, Santos, SP, Brazil; Departamento de Saúde, Clínica e Instituições, Universidade Federal de São Paulo - UNIFESP, Santos SP, Brazil.
authors.forename: Daniel Henrique
authors.initials: DH
authors.lastname: Bandoni
authors.affiliation: Programa de Pós-graduação Interdisciplinar em Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal de São Paulo - UNIFESP, Santos, SP, Brazil; Departamento de Biociências, Universidade Federal de São Paulo - UNIFESP, Santos, SP, Brazil. Electronic address: lucianapisani@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Luciana Pellegrini
authors.initials: LP
authors.lastname: Pisani
mesh_terms: D052242:Adiponectin / Q000097:blood; D000328:Adult; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000097:blood*; D015992:Body Mass Index; D002318:Cardiovascular Diseases / Q000097:blood*; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D004032:Diet; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D020738:Leptin / Q000097:blood*; D016015:Logistic Models; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D015596:Nutrition Assessment; D009765:Obesity / Q000097:blood*; D012307:Risk Factors
chemical_list: D052242:Adiponectin; D015415:Biomarkers; D020738:Leptin
keywords: Adipokines; Healthy; Hyperleptinemia; Metabolic obesity