title: Alcohol Consumption and Cigarette Smoking are Important Modifiers of the Association Between Acute Pancreatitis and the PRSS1-PRSS2 Locus in Men.
abstract: The present study was designed to investigate whether the susceptibility to acute pancreatitis (AP) attributable to polymorphism rs10273639 at the PRSS1-PRSS2 locus is dependent on alcohol consumption and cigarette smoking.
  
  
  
  A total of 603 unrelated Russian individuals including 304 patients with physician-diagnosed AP and 299 sex- and age-matched healthy controls have been recruited for the study. A polymorphism rs10273639 (-408C>T) of PRSS1-PRSS2 was genotyped by TaqMan-based assay.
  
  
  
  A variant allele -408T (P = 0.003) and genotypes -408CT plus TT (P = 0.002) were associated with decreased AP risk only in men. The odds ratios for AP in the CC homozygotes versus the variant genotypes were 1.95 [95% confidence interval (CI), 0.65-5.85; P = 0.23], 1.72 (95% CI, 0.93-3.20; P = 0.08), and 2.37 (95% CI, 1.09-5.13; P = 0.03) for men who consumed up to 28, 29 to 59, and more than 60 alcohol drinks a week, respectively. Cigarette smokers with the -408CC genotype had an increased risk of AP (odds ratio, 2.07; 95% CI, 1.25-3.42; P = 0.004), whereas nonsmoker carriers did not have a disease risk (odds ratio, 1.48; 95% CI, 0.58-3.82; P = 0.42).
  
  
  
  We confirmed a robust association of polymorphism rs10273639 at PRSS1-PRSS2 with AP in the Russian population. The present study is the first to show that relationship between the locus and disease is significantly modified by alcohol consumption and cigarette smoking.
authors.affiliation: From the *Department of Biology, Medical Genetics and Ecology, †Research Institute for Genetic and Molecular Epidemiology, ‡Department of Surgical Diseases №2, Kursk State Medical University, Kursk, Russian Federation; and §Laboratory of Genetics, Kursk State University, Kursk, Russian Federation.
authors.forename: Alexey V
authors.initials: AV
authors.lastname: Polonikov
authors.forename: Tatyana A
authors.initials: TA
authors.lastname: Samgina
authors.forename: Petr M
authors.initials: PM
authors.lastname: Nazarenko
authors.forename: Olga Y
authors.initials: OY
authors.lastname: Bushueva
authors.forename: Vladimir P
authors.initials: VP
authors.lastname: Ivanov
mesh_terms: D000208:Acute Disease; D000328:Adult; D000428:Alcohol Drinking / Q000009:adverse effects*; D005260:Female; D005787:Gene Frequency; D020022:Genetic Predisposition to Disease / Q000209:etiology / Q000235:genetics*; D005838:Genotype; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010195:Pancreatitis / Q000209:etiology / Q000235:genetics*; D020641:Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide; D012307:Risk Factors; D012737:Sex Factors; D012907:Smoking / Q000009:adverse effects*; D014357:Trypsin / Q000235:genetics*; D014362:Trypsinogen / Q000235:genetics*
chemical_list: C064831:PRSS2 protein, human; D014362:Trypsinogen; C489303:PRSS1 protein, human; D014357:Trypsin