title: N-methyl-2-pyridone-5-carboxamide (2PY)-Major Metabolite of Nicotinamide: An Update on an Old Uremic Toxin.
abstract: N-methyl-2-pyridone-5-carboxamide (2PY, a major metabolite of nicotinamide, NAM) was recently identified as a uremic toxin. Recent interventional trials using NAM to treat high levels of phosphorus in end-stage renal disease have highlighted new potential uremic toxicities of 2PY. In the context of uremia, the accumulation of 2PY could be harmful-perhaps by inhibiting poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase-1 activity. Here, we review recently published data on 2PY's metabolism and toxicological profile.
authors.affiliation: Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM U-1088), Jules Verne University of Picardie, Amiens 80000, France. terrier-lenglet.aurelie@chu-amiens.fr.|Department of Pharmacy, Amiens University Medical Center, Amiens 80000, France. terrier-lenglet.aurelie@chu-amiens.fr.
authors.forename: Aurélie
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Lenglet
authors.affiliation: Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM U-1088), Jules Verne University of Picardie, Amiens 80000, France. liabeuf.sophie@chu-amiens.fr.|Clinical Research Centre and Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Amiens University Medical Center, Amiens 80000, France. liabeuf.sophie@chu-amiens.fr.
authors.forename: Sophie
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Liabeuf
authors.affiliation: Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM U-1088), Jules Verne University of Picardie, Amiens 80000, France. bodeau.sandra@chu-amiens.fr.|Laboratory of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Amiens University Medical Center, Amiens 80000, France. bodeau.sandra@chu-amiens.fr.
authors.forename: Sandra
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Bodeau
authors.affiliation: Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM U-1088), Jules Verne University of Picardie, Amiens 80000, France. loic.louvet@u-picardie.fr.
authors.forename: Loïc
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Louvet
authors.affiliation: Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM U-1088), Jules Verne University of Picardie, Amiens 80000, France. mary.aurelien@chu-amiens.fr.|Department of Pharmacy, Amiens University Medical Center, Amiens 80000, France. mary.aurelien@chu-amiens.fr.
authors.forename: Aurélien
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Mary
authors.affiliation: Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM U-1088), Jules Verne University of Picardie, Amiens 80000, France. agnes.boullier@u-picardie.fr.|Biochemistry Laboratory, Amiens University Medical Center, Amiens 80000, France. agnes.boullier@u-picardie.fr.
authors.forename: Agnès
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Boullier
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Amiens University Medical Center, Amiens 80000, France. lemaire-hurtel.anne-sophie@chu-amiens.fr.
authors.forename: Anne Sophie
authors.initials: AS
authors.lastname: Lemaire-Hurtel
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Glycochimie, des Antimicrobiens et des Agroressouces, Unité Mixte de Recherche-Centre National de la Recherché Scientifique (UMR CNRS) 7378, UFR de Pharmacy, Jules Verne University of Picardie, Amiens 80000, France. alexia.jonet@u-picardie.fr.
authors.forename: Alexia
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Jonet
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Glycochimie, des Antimicrobiens et des Agroressouces, Unité Mixte de Recherche-Centre National de la Recherché Scientifique (UMR CNRS) 7378, UFR de Pharmacy, Jules Verne University of Picardie, Amiens 80000, France. pascal.sonnet@u-picardie.fr.
authors.forename: Pascal
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Sonnet
authors.affiliation: Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM U-1088), Jules Verne University of Picardie, Amiens 80000, France. said.kamel@u-picardie.fr.|Biochemistry Laboratory, Amiens University Medical Center, Amiens 80000, France. said.kamel@u-picardie.fr.
authors.forename: Said
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Kamel
authors.affiliation: Division of Nephrology, Ambroise Paré University Medical Center, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris APHP, Boulogne, Billancourt, Paris 92100, France. ziad.massy@aphp.fr.|INSERM U1018, Team 5, CESP (Centre de Recherche en Épidémiologie et Santé des Populations), Paris-Saclay University, and Paris Ouest-Versailles-Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines University (UVSQ), Villejuif 94800, France. ziad.massy@aphp.fr.
authors.forename: Ziad A
authors.initials: ZA
authors.lastname: Massy
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D006801:Humans; D009536:Niacinamide / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000378:metabolism*; D051436:Renal Insufficiency, Chronic / Q000378:metabolism; D014118:Toxins, Biological / Q000378:metabolism*; D014511:Uremia / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D014118:Toxins, Biological; D009536:Niacinamide; C005211:N'-methyl-2-pyridone-5-carboxamide
keywords: N-methyl-2-pyridone-5-carboxamide; chronic kidney disease; niacin; nicotinamide; uremic toxin