title: Schistosomal-derived lysophosphatidylcholine triggers M2 polarization of macrophages through PPARγ dependent mechanisms.
abstract: Mansonic schistosomiasis is a disease caused by the trematode Schistosoma mansoni, endemic to tropical countries. S. mansoni infection induces the formation of granulomas and potent polarization of Th2-type immune response. There is great interest in understanding the mechanisms used by this parasite that causes a modulation of the immune system. Recent studies from our group demonstrated that lipids of S. mansoni, including lysophosphatidylcholine (LPC) have immunomodulatory activity. In the present study, our aim was to investigate the role of lipids derived from S. mansoni in the activation and polarization of macrophages and to characterize the mechanisms involved in this process. Peritoneal macrophages obtained from wild type C57BL/6mice or bone marrow derived macrophages were stimulated in vitro with lipids extracted from adult worms of S. mansoni. We demonstrated that total schistosomal-derived lipids as well as purified LPC induced alternatively activated macrophages/M2 profile observed by increased expression of arginase-1, mannose receptor, Chi3l3, TGFβ and production of IL-10 and PGE224h after stimulation. The involvement of the nuclear receptor PPARγ in macrophage response against LPC was investigated. Through Western blot and immunofluorescence confocal microscopy we demonstrated that schistosomal-derived LPC induces increased expression of PPARγ in macrophages. The LPC-induced increased expression of arginase-1 were significantly inhibited by the PPAR-γ antagonist GW9662. Together, these results demonstrate an immunomodulatory role of schistosomal-derived LPC in activating macrophages to a profile of the type M2 through PPARγ-dependent mechanisms, indicating a novel pathway for macrophage polarization triggered by parasite-derived LPC with potential implications to disease pathogenesis.
authors.affiliation: Laboratório de Imunofarmacologia, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil.
authors.forename: Leonardo Santos
authors.initials: LS
authors.lastname: Assunção
authors.affiliation: Laboratório de Imunofarmacologia, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil; Laboratório de Imunologia e Inflamação, Universidade de Brasília (UNB), Brasilia, Brazil.
authors.forename: Kelly G
authors.initials: KG
authors.lastname: Magalhães
authors.affiliation: Laboratório de Imunofarmacologia, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil.
authors.forename: Alan Brito
authors.initials: AB
authors.lastname: Carneiro
authors.affiliation: Laboratório de Imunofarmacologia, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil.
authors.forename: Raphael
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Molinaro
authors.affiliation: Laboratório de Imunofarmacologia, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil; Laboratório de Biologia Celular, Universidade Federal de Juiz de Fora, Juiz de Fora, MG, Brazil.
authors.forename: Patrícia E
authors.initials: PE
authors.lastname: Almeida
authors.affiliation: Laboratório de Bioquímica de Lipídios e Lipoproteínas, Programa de Biologia Molecular e Biotecnologia, Instituto de Bioquímica Médica Leopoldo de Meis, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil; Instituto Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia em Entomologia Molecular, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
authors.forename: Georgia C
authors.initials: GC
authors.lastname: Atella
authors.affiliation: Laboratório de Imunofarmacologia, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil.
authors.forename: Hugo C
authors.initials: HC
authors.lastname: Castro-Faria-Neto
authors.affiliation: Laboratório de Imunofarmacologia, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil. Electronic address: pbozza@ioc.fiocruz.br.
authors.forename: Patrícia T
authors.initials: PT
authors.lastname: Bozza
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001119:Arginase / Q000378:metabolism; D016753:Interleukin-10 / Q000378:metabolism; D008055:Lipids / Q000502:physiology; D008244:Lysophosphatidylcholines / Q000378:metabolism*; D008262:Macrophage Activation / Q000502:physiology; D017737:Macrophages, Peritoneal / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000502:physiology*; D051379:Mice; D008810:Mice, Inbred C57BL; D047495:PPAR gamma / Q000378:metabolism*; D012550:Schistosoma mansoni / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D008055:Lipids; D008244:Lysophosphatidylcholines; D047495:PPAR gamma; D016753:Interleukin-10; D001119:Arginase
keywords: Lysophosphatidylcholine; Macrophage; PPARgamma; Parasites; S. mansoni