title: The Role of Orthobiologics in Fracture Healing and Arthrodesis.
abstract: Nonunion after tibial shaft fracture and hindfoot arthrodesis remains a major problem. Known risk factors include advanced age, immunosuppression, smoking, and diabetes. Several factors must be considered in the fracture healing process. This review evaluates the efficacy of orthobiologics in improving union rates after fracture or arthrodesis. Use of compounds have shown increased cellular proliferation experimentally. Percutaneous autologous bone marrow has shown increased cellular proliferation. Matrix supplementation has shown significant improvements in bone healing. Several studies have highlighted the importance of adequate graft fill over graft type. Patients at increased risk for nonunion would benefit most from these adjuvant therapies.
authors.affiliation: Department of Orthopaedics, Rutgers New Jersey Medical School, 90 Bergen Street, Room 7300, Newark, NJ 07101, USA. Electronic address: Linsheldon2@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Sheldon S
authors.initials: SS
authors.lastname: Lin
authors.affiliation: Department of Orthopaedics, Rutgers New Jersey Medical School, 140 Bergen Street, ACC Building, Suite D-1610, Newark, NJ 07103, USA.
authors.forename: Michael G
authors.initials: MG
authors.lastname: Yeranosian
mesh_terms: D001174:Arthrodesis / Q000009:adverse effects; D001688:Biological Products / Q000494:pharmacology* / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D016025:Bone Transplantation / Q000379:methods; D049109:Cell Proliferation / Q000187:drug effects; D016207:Cytokines / Q000378:metabolism; D005109:Extracellular Matrix / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology; D017102:Fracture Healing / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000502:physiology*; D005599:Fractures, Ununited / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000503:physiopathology; D006801:Humans; D036341:Intercellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D001688:Biological Products; D016207:Cytokines; D036341:Intercellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins
keywords: Arthrodesis; Fracture; Fusion; Growth factors; Hindfoot; Nonunion; Orthobiologics