title: Cryopreservation and Banking of Dental Stem Cells.
abstract: Over the past decade, dental tissues have become an attractive source of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs). Dental stem cells (DSCs) are not only able to differentiate into adipogenic, chondrogenic and osteogenic lineanges, but an increasing amount of research also pointed out their potential applicability in numerous clinical disorders, such as myocardial infarction, neurodegenerative diseases and diabetes. Together with their multilineage differentiation capacity, their easy availability from extracted third molars makes these stem cells a suitable alternative for bone marrow-derived MSCs. More importantly, DSCs appear to retain their stem cell properties following cryopreservation, a key aspect in their long-term preservation and upscale production. However, the vast number of different cryopreservation protocols makes it difficult to draw definite conclusions regarding the behavior of these stem cells. The routine application and banking of DSCs is also associated with some other pitfalls, such as interdonor variability, cell culture-induced changes and the use of animal-derived culture medium additives. Only thorough assessment of these challenges and the implementation of standardized, GMP procedures will successfully lead to better treatment options for patients who no longer benefit from current stem cell therapies.
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Morphology, Biomedical Research Institute (BIOMED), Hasselt University, Agoralaan, Building C, 3590, Diepenbeek, Belgium. petra.hilkens@uhasselt.be.
authors.forename: Petra
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Hilkens
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Morphology, Biomedical Research Institute (BIOMED), Hasselt University, Agoralaan, Building C, 3590, Diepenbeek, Belgium.
authors.forename: Ronald B
authors.initials: RB
authors.lastname: Driesen
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Morphology, Biomedical Research Institute (BIOMED), Hasselt University, Agoralaan, Building C, 3590, Diepenbeek, Belgium.
authors.forename: Esther
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Wolfs
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Morphology, Biomedical Research Institute (BIOMED), Hasselt University, Agoralaan, Building C, 3590, Diepenbeek, Belgium.
authors.forename: Pascal
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Gervois
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Morphology, Biomedical Research Institute (BIOMED), Hasselt University, Agoralaan, Building C, 3590, Diepenbeek, Belgium.
authors.forename: Tim
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Vangansewinkel
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Morphology, Biomedical Research Institute (BIOMED), Hasselt University, Agoralaan, Building C, 3590, Diepenbeek, Belgium.
authors.forename: Jessica
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Ratajczak
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Morphology, Biomedical Research Institute (BIOMED), Hasselt University, Agoralaan, Building C, 3590, Diepenbeek, Belgium.
authors.forename: Yörg
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Dillen
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Morphology, Biomedical Research Institute (BIOMED), Hasselt University, Agoralaan, Building C, 3590, Diepenbeek, Belgium.
authors.forename: Annelies
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Bronckaers
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Morphology, Biomedical Research Institute (BIOMED), Hasselt University, Agoralaan, Building C, 3590, Diepenbeek, Belgium.
authors.forename: Ivo
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Lambrichts
mesh_terms: D018070:Biological Specimen Banks / Q000458:organization & administration*; D002454:Cell Differentiation; D049109:Cell Proliferation; D015925:Cryopreservation / Q000379:methods*; D003451:Cryoprotective Agents / Q000494:pharmacology; D003470:Culture Media / Q000494:pharmacology; D003782:Dental Pulp / Q000166:cytology* / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology; D003920:Diabetes Mellitus / Q000473:pathology / Q000628:therapy; D004121:Dimethyl Sulfoxide / Q000494:pharmacology; D006801:Humans; D050417:Insulin-Secreting Cells / Q000166:cytology* / Q000502:physiology / Q000637:transplantation; D009203:Myocardial Infarction / Q000473:pathology / Q000628:therapy; D032383:Myocytes, Cardiac / Q000166:cytology* / Q000502:physiology / Q000637:transplantation; D019636:Neurodegenerative Diseases / Q000473:pathology / Q000628:therapy; D009474:Neurons / Q000166:cytology* / Q000502:physiology / Q000637:transplantation; D013234:Stem Cells / Q000166:cytology* / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology
chemical_list: D003451:Cryoprotective Agents; D003470:Culture Media; D004121:Dimethyl Sulfoxide
keywords: Cryopreservation; Dental stem cell banking; Dental stem cells; Good manufacturing practice; Mesenchymal stem cells; Multilineage differentiation; Paracrine effects