title: Direct and indirect costs among patients with binge-eating disorder in the United States.
abstract: To quantify the economic burden of binge-eating disorder (BED) in terms of work productivity loss, healthcare resource utilization, and healthcare costs.
  
  
  
  Respondents of the US National Health and Wellness Survey 2013 were invited to participate in a follow-up internet survey to identify adults with BED using DSM-5 criteria. Work productivity loss, healthcare resource utilization, and direct and indirect costs were assessed for BED respondents and matched non-BED respondents using generalized linear models or two-part models as appropriate.
  
  
  
  A total of 1,720 people were included in our analysis (N = 344 with BED; N= 1,376 without BED). BED respondents had higher levels of activity impairment than non-BED respondents (41.29% vs. 23.18%, p < .001). Employed BED respondents (N = 178) had a greater level of work impairment than employed non-BED respondents (N = 686) (36.83% vs. 14.41%, p = .009). Higher healthcare resource utilization in the past 6 months among BED respondents was reported than matched non-BED respondents: numbers of surgeries (0.23 vs. 0.13, p = .021), ER visits (0.26 vs. 0.15, p = .016), and physician visits (6.09 vs. 4.56, p = .002). BED respondents reported higher total direct costs than matched non-BED respondents ($20,194 vs. $14,465, p = .005). The indirect costs among employed BED respondents were also higher than those without BED ($19,327 vs. $9,032, p < .001).
  
  
  
  Individuals with BED reported significantly greater economic burden with respect to work productivity loss, level of healthcare resource utilization, and costs compared to non-BED respondents. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.(Int J Eat Disord 2017; 50:523-532).
authors.affiliation: Health Outcomes and Pharmacy Practice Division, College of Pharmacy, The University of Texas at Austin, 2409 University Avenue, STOP A1930, Austin, Texas.
authors.forename: You-Li
authors.initials: YL
authors.lastname: Ling
authors.affiliation: Health Outcomes and Pharmacy Practice Division, College of Pharmacy, The University of Texas at Austin, 2409 University Avenue, STOP A1930, Austin, Texas.
authors.forename: Karen L
authors.initials: KL
authors.lastname: Rascati
authors.affiliation: Shire at the time of this study, Employee of Global Health Economics and Outcomes Research Division, 1200 Morris Drive, Wayne, Pennsylvania.
authors.forename: Manjiri
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Pawaskar
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D056912:Binge-Eating Disorder / Q000191:economics*; D017281:Cost of Illness; D005260:Female; D017048:Health Care Costs / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D006306:Health Surveys / Q000379:methods*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D014481:United States
keywords: direct and indirect costs of binge-eating disorder