title: DNA barcoding of crickets, katydids and grasshoppers (Orthoptera) from Central Europe with focus on Austria, Germany and Switzerland.
abstract: We present a DNA barcoding study on the insect order Orthoptera that was generated in collaboration between four barcoding projects in three countries, viz. Barcoding Fauna Bavarica (Germany), German Barcode of Life, Austrian Barcode of Life and Swiss Barcode of Life. Our data set includes 748 COI sequences from 127 of the 162 taxa (78.4%) recorded in the three countries involved. Ninety-three of these 122 species (76.2%, including all Ensifera) can be reliably identified using DNA barcodes. The remaining 26 caeliferan species (families Acrididae and Tetrigidae) form ten clusters that share barcodes among up to five species, in three cases even across different genera, and in six cases even sharing individual barcodes. We discuss incomplete lineage sorting and hybridization as most likely causes of this phenomenon, as the species concerned are phylogenetically young and hybridization has been previously observed. We also highlight the problem of nuclear mitochondrial pseudogenes (numts), a known problem in the barcoding of orthopteran species, and the possibility of Wolbachia infections. Finally, we discuss the possible taxonomic implications of our barcoding results and point out future research directions.
authors.affiliation: Zoologische Staatssammlung München (SNSB-ZSM), Münchhausenstr. 21, 81247, München, Germany.|Institut de Biologia Evolutiva (CSIC-Universitat Pompeu Fabra), Passeig Maritim de la Barceloneta 37, 08003, Barcelona, Spain.
authors.forename: O
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Hawlitschek
authors.affiliation: Zoologische Staatssammlung München (SNSB-ZSM), Münchhausenstr. 21, 81247, München, Germany.
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Morinière
authors.affiliation: Department of Biology, Behavioural Physiology, Humboldt University Berlin, Invalidenstr. 43, 10115, Berlin, Germany.
authors.forename: G U C
authors.initials: GUC
authors.lastname: Lehmann
authors.affiliation: Orthoptera Working Group Brandenburg and Berlin, Friedensallee 37, 14532, Stahnsdorf, Germany.
authors.forename: A W
authors.identifier: http://orcid.org/0000-0002-9524-0765
authors.initials: AW
authors.lastname: Lehmann
authors.affiliation: Institute for Integrative Nature Conservation Research, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences (BOKU), Gregor Mendel-Str. 33, 1180, Vienna, Austria.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kropf
authors.affiliation: Zoologische Staatssammlung München (SNSB-ZSM), Münchhausenstr. 21, 81247, München, Germany.
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Dunz
authors.affiliation: Zoologische Staatssammlung München (SNSB-ZSM), Münchhausenstr. 21, 81247, München, Germany.
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Glaw
authors.affiliation: Zoologische Staatssammlung München (SNSB-ZSM), Münchhausenstr. 21, 81247, München, Germany.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Detcharoen
authors.affiliation: Zoologische Staatssammlung München (SNSB-ZSM), Münchhausenstr. 21, 81247, München, Germany.
authors.forename: S
authors.identifier: http://orcid.org/0000-0001-5751-8706
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Schmidt
authors.affiliation: Zoologische Staatssammlung München (SNSB-ZSM), Münchhausenstr. 21, 81247, München, Germany.
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Hausmann
authors.affiliation: 3rd Zoological Dep., Natural History Museum Vienna, Burgring 7, 1010, Vienna, Austria.
authors.forename: N U
authors.initials: NU
authors.lastname: Szucsich
authors.affiliation: Université de Genève, Département de Génétique et Evolution, Quai Ernest Ansermet 30, 1211, Geneva 4, Switzerland.
authors.forename: S A
authors.initials: SA
authors.lastname: Caetano-Wyler
authors.affiliation: Zoologische Staatssammlung München (SNSB-ZSM), Münchhausenstr. 21, 81247, München, Germany.|Department Biology II and GeoBio-Center of Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Groβhaderner Str. 2, 82152, Planegg-Martinsried, Germany.
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Haszprunar
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001317:Austria; D058893:DNA Barcoding, Taxonomic; D004269:DNA, Bacterial / Q000235:genetics; D003576:Electron Transport Complex IV / Q000235:genetics; D005858:Germany; D007391:International Cooperation; D009987:Orthoptera / Q000145:classification* / Q000235:genetics*; D013557:Switzerland; D020577:Wolbachia / Q000235:genetics
chemical_list: D004269:DNA, Bacterial; D003576:Electron Transport Complex IV
keywords: 
  Chorthippus
  ; BIN sharing; Barcode Index Number; hybridization; numt; pseudogene