title: Factors determining accumulation of bisphenol A and alkylphenols at a low trophic level as exemplified by mussels Mytilus trossulus.
abstract: The aim of the study was to investigate abiotic and biotic factors influencing the accumulation of endocrine disrupting compounds (EDCs) such as bisphenol A (BPA), 4-tert-octylphenol (OP) and 4-nonylphenol (NP) in mussels Mytilus trossulus from the Gulf of Gdansk (Southern Baltic). The key abiotic factor influencing BPA, OP and NP accumulation in mussels is their hydrophilicity/lipophilicity, which affects their main assimilation routes - by digestive tract for the more lipophilic OP and NP, and additionally by the gills for the less lipophilic BPA. As a result, high condition index (i.e. higher soft tissue weight) is more often correlated with high concentrations of OP and NP in mussels than with BPA. Furthermore, alkylphenols have 6-8 times greater accumulative potential than BPA. Concentration of the studied compounds was lower in females than in males following spawning, and the effect lasted longer for BPA than for alkylphenols. The influence of season and hydrological conditions on BPA, OP, NP in the mussel was more pronounced than the proximity of external sources of these compounds. An increase in water temperature in summer probably stimulated the solubility of BPA, the least lipophilic of the studied compounds, and led to increased assimilation of this compound from water (through gills). On the other hand, high OP and NP concentrations in mussels occurred in spring, which was caused by increased surface run-off and sediments resuspension.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Oceanography, University of Gdansk, Al. Marszałka Piłsudskiego 46, 81-378 Gdynia, Poland. Electronic address: marta.staniszewska@ug.edu.pl.
authors.forename: Marta
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Staniszewska
authors.affiliation: Institute of Oceanography, University of Gdansk, Al. Marszałka Piłsudskiego 46, 81-378 Gdynia, Poland.
authors.forename: Bożena
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Graca
authors.affiliation: Institute of Oceanography, University of Gdansk, Al. Marszałka Piłsudskiego 46, 81-378 Gdynia, Poland.
authors.forename: Adam
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Sokołowski
authors.affiliation: Institute of Oceanography, University of Gdansk, Al. Marszałka Piłsudskiego 46, 81-378 Gdynia, Poland.
authors.forename: Iga
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Nehring
authors.affiliation: Department of Analytical Chemistry, Chemical Faculty, Gdansk University of Technology, ul. Narutowicza 11/12, 80-233 Gdansk, Poland.
authors.forename: Andrzej
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Wasik
authors.affiliation: Institute of Oceanography, University of Gdansk, Al. Marszałka Piłsudskiego 46, 81-378 Gdynia, Poland.
authors.forename: Anna
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Jendzul
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001559:Benzhydryl Compounds / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism*; D004435:Eating; D005260:Female; D020387:Food Chain; D005880:Gills / Q000378:metabolism; D057927:Hydrophobic and Hydrophilic Interactions; D008297:Male; D049878:Mytilus / Q000378:metabolism*; D010636:Phenols / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism*; D012621:Seasons; D013696:Temperature; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism; D000098826:Bisphenol A Compounds
chemical_list: D001559:Benzhydryl Compounds; D010636:Phenols; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical; C041594:4-nonylphenol; C105260:4-tert-octylphenol; C006780:bisphenol A; D000098826:Bisphenol A Compounds
keywords: Accumulation; Alkylphenols; Bisphenol A; Endocrine disruptors; Mytilus trossulus; Trophic level