title: [Tourniquet-induced ischaemia-reperfusion injury: the comparison of antioxidative effects of small-dose propofol and ketamine].
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The aim of the present study was to investigate the preventive effects of propofol and ketamine as small dose sedation during spinal anesthesia on tourniquet-induced ischemia-reperfusion injury.
  
  
  METHODS
  30 patients were randomly assigned into two groups of 15 patients. In the propofol group, sedation was performed with propofol 0.2mg.kg-1followed by infusion at a rate of 2mg.kg-1.h-1. In the ketamine group, a continuous infusion of ketamine 0.5mg.kg-1.h-1was used until the end of surgery. Intravenous administration of midazolam was not used in any patients. Ramsay sedation scale was used for assessing the sedation level. Venous blood samples were obtained before propofol and ketamine infusion (T1), at 30minutes (min) of tourniquet ischemia (T2), and 5min after tourniquet deflation (T3) for malondialdehyde (MDA) measurements.
  
  
  RESULTS
  No differences were noted between the groups in hemodynamic (p>0.05) and demographic data (p>0.05). There was no statistically significant difference between the two groups in terms of T1, T2 and T3 periods (p>0.05). There was a statistically increase observed in MDA values respectively both in Group P and Group K between the reperfusion period (1.95±0.59, 2.31±0.48) and pre-ischemia (1.41±0.38, 1.54±0.45), and ischemia (1.76±0.70, 1.71±0.38) (μmoL-1) periods (p<0.05).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Small-dose propofol and ketamine has similar potential to reduce the oxidative stress caused by tourniquet-induced ischemia-reperfusion injury in patients undergoing arthroscopic knee surgery under spinal anesthesia.
authors.affiliation: Ordu State Hospital, Department of Anesthesiology and Reanimation, Ordu, Turquia.
authors.forename: Karaca
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Omer
authors.affiliation: Hitit University School of Medicine, Department of Anesthesiology and Reanimation, Çorum, Turquia.
authors.forename: Gogus
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Nermin
authors.affiliation: Ataturk University School of Medicine, Department of Anesthesiology and Reanimation, Erzurum, Turquia. Electronic address: aliahiskalioglu@hotmail.com.
authors.forename: Ahiskalioglu
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Ali
authors.affiliation: Ataturk University School of Medicine, Department of Anesthesiology and Reanimation, Erzurum, Turquia.
authors.forename: Aksoy
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Mehmet
authors.affiliation: Ordu State Hospital, Department of Anesthesiology and Reanimation, Ordu, Turquia.
authors.forename: Dogus
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Unal
authors.affiliation: Ordu State Hospital, Department of Anesthesiology and Reanimation, Ordu, Turquia.
authors.forename: Kumas Solak
authors.initials: KS
authors.lastname: Sezen
authors.affiliation: Ordu State Hospital, Department of Biochemistry, Ordu, Turquia.
authors.forename: Kalafat
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Hakan
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000775:Anesthesia, Spinal / Q000379:methods; D000778:Anesthetics, Dissociative / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D000975:Antioxidants / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D006993:Hypnotics and Sedatives / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D007649:Ketamine / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D008297:Male; D015742:Propofol / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D011446:Prospective Studies; D015427:Reperfusion Injury / Q000209:etiology* / Q000517:prevention & control*; D014111:Tourniquets / Q000009:adverse effects*
chemical_list: D000778:Anesthetics, Dissociative; D000975:Antioxidants; D006993:Hypnotics and Sedatives; D007649:Ketamine; D015742:Propofol
keywords: Arthroscopic knee surgery; Artroscopia do joelho; Cetamina; Ischaemia reperfusion; Isquemia‐reperfusão; Ketamine; Propofol