title: The Effects of 10-Hz Repetitive Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation on Depression in Chronic Stroke Patients.
abstract: Half of all stroke patients experience depression, which adversely affects functional recovery. To improve functional outcomes, post-stroke depressive symptoms require more effective management strategies.
  
  
  
  This study examined whether repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) applied over the left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC) can manage post-stroke depression and improve motor function.
  
  
  
  This study was a single-center, prospective, double blind, sham-controlled preliminary study. Twenty-four patients with chronic stroke were randomly assigned to two groups: (1) the rTMS group, in which patients received ten sessions of high-frequency (10 Hz) stimulation; and (2) the sham group, in which patients received ten sessions of sham stimulation. Functional recovery was assessed at two time points before the intervention (four weeks and one day) and two time points after the intervention (one day and four weeks), using the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI), 17-item version of the Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (HAM-D17), upper (MI-UE) and lower limb Motricity Indices (MI-LE), modified Brunnstrom Classification (MBC), and Functional Ambulatory Category (FAC) assessments.
  
  
  
  At both post-intervention time points, BDI and HAM-D17 in the rTMS group were significantly decreased compared to those in the sham group (Mann-Whitney U test, p < 0.05) and compared to pre-intervention time points (Wilcoxon's test, p < 0.017). However, no significant changes in MI-UE, MI-LE, MBC, and FAC were found.
  
  
  
  Our results suggest that rTMS is a beneficial therapeutic modality for managing depression after stroke.
authors.affiliation: Department of Physical Therapy, Daegu University, Gyeongsan, Daegu, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Seo Young
authors.initials: SY
authors.lastname: Gu
authors.affiliation: Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, College of Medicine, Yeungnam University, 317-1 Daemyungdong, Namgu, Daegu, 705-717, Republic of Korea. Electronic address: wheel633@hanmail.net.
authors.forename: Min Cheol
authors.initials: MC
authors.lastname: Chang
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D002908:Chronic Disease; D003863:Depression / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000523:psychology / Q000628:therapy*; D004311:Double-Blind Method; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011446:Prospective Studies; D011569:Psychiatric Status Rating Scales; D020127:Recovery of Function; D018709:Statistics, Nonparametric; D020521:Stroke / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000523:psychology / Q000628:therapy*; D050781:Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation / Q000379:methods*; D016896:Treatment Outcome
keywords: Depression; Repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation; Stroke