title: A study of medication errors in a tertiary care hospital.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To determine the nature and types of medication errors (MEs), to evaluate occurrence of drug-drug interactions (DDIs), and assess rationality of prescription orders in a tertiary care teaching hospital.
  
  
  METHODS
  A prospective, observational study was conducted in General Medicine and Pediatric ward of Civil Hospital, Ahmedabad during October 2012 to January 2014. MEs were categorized as prescription error, dispensing error, and administration error (AE). The case records and treatment charts were reviewed. The investigator also accompanied the staff nurse during the ward rounds and interviewed patients or care taker to gather information, if necessary. DDIs were assessed by Medscape Drug Interaction Checker software (version 4.4). Rationality of prescriptions was assessed using Phadke's criteria.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A total of 1109 patients (511 in Medicine and 598 in Pediatric ward) were included during the study period. Total number of MEs was 403 (36%) of which, 195 (38%) were in Medicine and 208 (35%) were in Pediatric wards. The most common ME was PEs 262 (65%) followed by AEs 126 (31%). A potential significant DDIs were observed in 191 (17%) and serious DDIs in 48 (4%) prescriptions. Majority of prescriptions were semirational 555 (53%) followed by irrational 317 (30%), while 170 (17%) prescriptions were rational.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  There is a need to establish ME reporting system to reduce its incidence and improve patient care and safety.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacology, Government Medical College, Surat, Gujarat, India.
authors.forename: Nrupal
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Patel
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacology, B. J. Medical College, Ahmedabad, Gujarat, India.
authors.forename: Mira
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Desai
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacology, B. J. Medical College, Ahmedabad, Gujarat, India.
authors.forename: Samdih
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Shah
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacology, B. J. Medical College, Ahmedabad, Gujarat, India.
authors.forename: Prakruti
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Patel
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacology, B. J. Medical College, Ahmedabad, Gujarat, India.
authors.forename: Anuradha
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Gandhi
keywords: Medication errors; Medscape Drug Interaction Checker; Phadke's criteria; medicine; pediatric