title: Oxidative Priority, Meal Frequency, and the Energy Economy of Food and Activity: Implications for Longevity, Obesity, and Cardiometabolic Disease.
abstract: In most modern societies, the relationship that many individuals have with food has fundamentally changed from previous generations. People have shifted away from viewing food as primarily sustenance, and rather now seek out foods based on pure palatability or specific nutrition. However, it is far from clear what optimal nutrition is for the general population or specific individuals. We previously described the Food Triangle as a way to organize food based on an increasing energy density paradigm, and now expand on this model to predict the impact of oxidative priority and both nutrient and fiber density in relation to caloric load. When combined with meal frequency, integrated energy expenditure, macronutrient oxidative priority, and fuel partitioning expressed by the respiratory quotient, our model also offers a novel explanation for chronic overnutrition and the cause of excess body fat accumulation. Herein, we not only review how metabolism is a dynamic process subject to many regulators that mediate the fate of ingested calories but also discuss how the Food Triangle predicts the oxidative priority of ingested foods and provides a conceptual paradigm for healthy eating supported by health and longevity research.
authors.affiliation: 1 Thermogenex , Huntsville, Alabama.
authors.forename: Raymond J
authors.initials: RJ
authors.lastname: Cronise
authors.affiliation: 2 Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School , Boston, Massachusetts.|3 Department of Pharmacology, School of Medical Sciences, The University of New South Wales , Sydney, Australia .
authors.forename: David A
authors.initials: DA
authors.lastname: Sinclair
authors.affiliation: 4 Division of Diabetes, Endocrinology, and Metabolic Diseases, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health , Bethesda, Maryland.
authors.forename: Andrew A
authors.initials: AA
authors.lastname: Bremer
mesh_terms: D002318:Cardiovascular Diseases / Q000209:etiology / Q000503:physiopathology; D004435:Eating; D002149:Energy Intake; D004734:Energy Metabolism; D005247:Feeding Behavior; D005502:Food; D006801:Humans; D008136:Longevity / Q000502:physiology*; D008659:Metabolic Diseases / Q000209:etiology / Q000503:physiopathology; D009752:Nutritional Status; D009765:Obesity / Q000209:etiology* / Q000503:physiopathology; D010084:Oxidation-Reduction; D013816:Thermodynamics; D022722:Thermogenesis
keywords: cardiometabolic disease; longevity; metabolism; obesity; oxidative priority