title: [In vivo and in vitro experimental study on the effect of fluoride-induced autophagy in rat HAT-7 cell line].
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To study the effect of fluoride on autophagy in rat ameloblasts both in vitro and in vivo.
  
  
  METHODS
  Logarithmic-phase HAT-7 cells were cultured in different concentrations of fluoride for 48h. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) was used to detect autophagosomes. Western blot and RT-qPCR were carried out to examine the expression of LC3 and Beclin 1. Forty Wistar rats were divided into 4 groups randomly. The expression of LC3 and Beclin 1 in rats was investigated by immunohistochemical staining in vivo. The data were analysed using SPSS13.0 software package.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The amount of autophagosomes in the experimental group was significantly more than that in the control group (P<0.05). The expression of LC3 and Beclin 1 were up-regulated in dose dependent manner after treatment with fluoride. Regression analysis showed that fluoride dependently induced the expression of LC3 and Beclin 1 (P<0.05).Immunohistochemical analysis revealed that the expression of LC3 and Beclin 1 in rat ameloblasts in the experimental groups was positive compared to control group.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Excessive fluoride induced autophagy in ameloblasts both in vitro and in vivo.
authors.affiliation: School of Stomatology, China Medical University, Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases in Liaoning Province.Shenyang 110002, Liaoning Province, China. E-mail:leishuang90@126.com.
authors.forename: Shuang
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Lei
authors.forename: Ying
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.forename: Kai-Qiang
authors.initials: KQ
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.forename: Jian
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Li
mesh_terms: D000565:Ameloblasts; D000818:Animals; D051017:Apoptosis Regulatory Proteins; D001343:Autophagy; D000071186:Beclin-1; D002460:Cell Line; D005459:Fluorides; D010710:Phosphates; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar
chemical_list: D051017:Apoptosis Regulatory Proteins; D000071186:Beclin-1; C512829:Becn1 protein, rat; D010710:Phosphates; C012980:fluorophosphate; D005459:Fluorides