title: Clinical Aspects of Cerebral Venous Thrombosis: Experiences in Two Institutions.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Cerebral venous thrombosis (CVT) is a rare condition for which few clinical reviews have been conducted in Korea. Our aim was to investigate, risk factors, clinical presentations/courses, and outcomes of 22 patients treated for CVT at two centers.
  
  
  METHODS
  A retrospective analysis was conducted, selecting 22 patients diagnosed with and treated for CVT at two patient care centers over a 10-year period (January 1, 2004 to August 31, 2015). Patient data, pathogenetic concerns (laboratory findings), risk factors, locations, symptoms, treatments, and clinical outcomes were reviewed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Mean patient age at diagnosis was 54.41 ± 16.19. Patients most often presented with headache (40%), followed by seizure (27%) and altered mental status (18%). Focal motor deficits (5%), visual symptoms (5%), and dysarthria (5%) were less common. Important predisposing factors in CVT included prothrombotic conditions (35%), infections (14%), hyperthyroidism (18%), trauma (14%), and malignancy (4%). By location, 9 patients (40%) experienced thrombosis of superior sagittal sinus predominantly, with involvement of transverse sinus in 20 (90%), sigmoid sinus in 12 (40%), and the deep venous system in 5 (23%). Treatment generally consisted of anticoagulants (63%) or antiplatelet (23%) drugs, but surgical decompression was considered if warranted (14%). Medical therapy in CVT yields good functional outcomes.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Mean age of patients with CVT in our study exceeded that reported in Europe or in America and had difference in risk factors. Functional outcomes are good with use of antithrombotic medication, whether or not hemorrhagic infarction is evident.
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurosurgery, Hallym University Sacred Heart Hospital, College of Medicine, Hallym University, Anyang, Korea.
authors.forename: Hyun Taek
authors.initials: HT
authors.lastname: Rim
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurosurgery, Hallym University Sacred Heart Hospital, College of Medicine, Hallym University, Anyang, Korea.
authors.forename: Hyo Sub
authors.initials: HS
authors.lastname: Jun
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurosurgery, Hallym University Sacred Heart Hospital, College of Medicine, Hallym University, Anyang, Korea.
authors.forename: Jun Hyong
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Ahn
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurosurgery, Hallym University Sacred Heart Hospital, College of Medicine, Hallym University, Anyang, Korea.
authors.forename: Ji Hee
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurosurgery, Hallym University Sacred Heart Hospital, College of Medicine, Hallym University, Anyang, Korea.
authors.forename: Jae Keun
authors.initials: JK
authors.lastname: Oh
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurosurgery, Hallym University Sacred Heart Hospital, College of Medicine, Hallym University, Anyang, Korea.
authors.forename: Joon Ho
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Song
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurosurgery, Kangdong Sacred Heart Hospital, Seoul, Korea.
authors.forename: Byung Moon
authors.initials: BM
authors.lastname: Cho
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurosurgery, Hallym University Sacred Heart Hospital, College of Medicine, Hallym University, Anyang, Korea.
authors.forename: In Bok
authors.identifier: 0000-0001-8003-3264
authors.initials: IB
authors.lastname: Chang
keywords: Anticoagulants; Sinus thrombosis; Venous thrombosis