title: Proposed mechanisms for water oxidation by Photosystem II and nanosized manganese oxides.
abstract: Plants, algae and cyanobacteria capture sunlight, extracting electrons from H2O to reduce CO2into sugars while releasing O2in the oxygenic photosynthetic process. Because of the important role of water oxidation in artificial photosynthesis and many solar fuel systems, understanding the structure and function of this unique biological catalyst forms a requisite research field. Herein the structure of the water-oxidizing complex and its ligand environment are described with reference to the 1.9Å resolution X-ray-derived crystallographic model of the water-oxidizing complex from the cyanobacterium Thermosynechococcus vulcanus. Proposed mechanisms for water oxidation by Photosystem II and nanosized manganese oxides are also reviewed and discussed in the paper.
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry, Institute for Advanced Studies in Basic Sciences (IASBS), Zanjan, Iran; Center of Climate Change and Global Warming, Institute for Advanced Studies in Basic Sciences (IASBS), Zanjan, Iran. Electronic address: mmnajafpour@iasbs.ac.ir.
authors.forename: Mohamad Mahdi
authors.initials: MM
authors.lastname: Najafpour
authors.affiliation: Department of Inorganic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran.
authors.forename: Sima
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Heidari
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Basic Sciences, Azarbaijan Shahid Madani University, Tabriz, Iran.
authors.forename: S Esmael
authors.initials: SE
authors.lastname: Balaghi
authors.affiliation: Fachbereich Chemie and Wissenschaftliches Zentrum für Materialwissenschaften (WZMW), Philipps-Universität Marburg, Hans-Meerwein-Straße, D-35032 Marburg, Germany.
authors.forename: Małgorzata
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Hołyńska
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Basic Sciences, Azarbaijan Shahid Madani University, Tabriz, Iran.
authors.forename: Moayad Hossaini
authors.initials: MH
authors.lastname: Sadr
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Basic Sciences, Azarbaijan Shahid Madani University, Tabriz, Iran.
authors.forename: Behzad
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Soltani
authors.affiliation: Department of Inorganic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran.
authors.forename: Maasoumeh
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Khatamian
authors.affiliation: Plant Functional Biology and Climate Change Cluster, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, Australia.
authors.forename: Anthony W
authors.initials: AW
authors.lastname: Larkum
authors.affiliation: Controlled Photobiosynthesis Laboratory, Institute of Plant Physiology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Botanicheskaya Street 35, Moscow 127276, Russia; Institute of Basic Biological Problems, Russian Academy of Sciences, Pushchino, Moscow, Region, 142290, Russia; Bionanotechnology Laboratory, Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Azerbaijan National Academy of Sciences, Matbuat Avenue 2a, Baku 1073, Azerbaijan; Department of Plant Physiology, Faculty of Biology, M.V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, Leninskie Gory 1-12, Moscow 119991, Russia. Electronic address: suleyman.allakhverdiev@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Suleyman I
authors.initials: SI
authors.lastname: Allakhverdiev
mesh_terms: D000458:Cyanobacteria / Q000378:metabolism; D017895:Manganese Compounds / Q000378:metabolism*; D010084:Oxidation-Reduction; D010087:Oxides / Q000378:metabolism*; D010788:Photosynthesis / Q000502:physiology; D045332:Photosystem II Protein Complex / Q000378:metabolism*; D010944:Plants / Q000378:metabolism; D014867:Water / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D017895:Manganese Compounds; D010087:Oxides; D045332:Photosystem II Protein Complex; D014867:Water; C027424:manganese oxide
keywords: Calcium-manganese cluster; Mechanism; Nanosized manganese oxide; Oxygen; Photosynthesis; Water; Water oxidation; Water oxidizing complex