title: Disordered eating in French high-level athletes: association with type of sport, doping behavior, and psychological features.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Over the last few years, disordered eating in athletes has received increasing attention. According to several studies, athletes could be more vulnerable to disordered eating and some characteristics specific to the athletic community could be in favour of an increased risk of poor body image and disturbed eating habits in athletes. However, the literature is sparse and some methodological issues in studies have been pointed out. In this context, we aimed at determining the prevalence of disordered eating in French high-level athletes using clinical interviews of three different clinicians and identifying what are the factors associated with disordered eating in athletes.
  
  
  METHODS
  In France, all athletes registered on the French high-level list have to undergo a yearly evaluation. Data collected during the somatic assessment, the dietary consultation, and the psychological of the yearly evaluation were used. Multivariate analysis was performed for identification of factors associated with disordered eating.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Out of the 340 athletes included, 32.9% have been detected with a disordered eating. They were difficult to detect by clinicians, as usual criteria did not seem to be reliable for athletes. Competing in sports emphasizing leanness or low body weight was associated with disordered eating; however, gender was not.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These results highlight the need for the development of specific screening tools for high-level athletes. Furthermore, the identification of factors associated with disordered eating could improve early detection and prevention program effectiveness.
authors.affiliation: Clinical Investigation Unit BALANCED "BehaviorAL AddictioNs and ComplEx Mood Disorders", Addictology and Psychiatry Department, Nantes University Hospital, Pavillon Louis PhilippeHôpital Saint Jacques, rue Saint Jacques, 85, 44093, Nantes Cedex 1, France. morgane.rousselet@chu-nantes.fr.|EA 4275 SPHERE "BioStatistics, Pharmacoepidemiology and Human SciEnces Research tEam"Nantes University, 44000, Nantes, France. morgane.rousselet@chu-nantes.fr.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Rousselet
authors.affiliation: Clinical Investigation Unit BALANCED "BehaviorAL AddictioNs and ComplEx Mood Disorders", Addictology and Psychiatry Department, Nantes University Hospital, Pavillon Louis PhilippeHôpital Saint Jacques, rue Saint Jacques, 85, 44093, Nantes Cedex 1, France.|Medical Units of Prevention Doping of Pays de La Loire, Nantes University Hospital, 44000, Nantes, France.
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Guérineau
authors.affiliation: Regional Institute of Sport Medicine, Nantes University Hospital, 44093, Nantes, France.
authors.forename: M C
authors.initials: MC
authors.lastname: Paruit
authors.affiliation: Medical Units of Prevention Doping of Rhône-Alpes, Grenoble University Hospital, 38000, Grenoble, France.|Inserm U 1042, Hypoxy and Pathophysiology Lab, Grenoble University, 38000, Grenoble, France.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Guinot
authors.affiliation: Medical Assesment Department, CREPS Bordeaux, 33300, Talence, France.
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Lise
authors.affiliation: Regional Institute of Sport Medicine, Nantes University Hospital, 44093, Nantes, France.
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Destrube
authors.affiliation: Medical Units of Prevention Doping of Rhône-Alpes, Grenoble University Hospital, 38000, Grenoble, France.
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Ruffio-Thery
authors.affiliation: Center for Support and Prevention of Athletes, Bordeaux University Hospital, 33000, Bordeaux Cedex, France.|Medical Units of Prevention Doping of Aquitaine, Bordeaux University Hospital, 33000, Bordeaux Cedex, France.
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Dominguez
authors.affiliation: Center for Support and Prevention of Athletes, Bordeaux University Hospital, 33000, Bordeaux Cedex, France.|Medical Units of Prevention Doping of Aquitaine, Bordeaux University Hospital, 33000, Bordeaux Cedex, France.
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Brisseau-Gimenez
authors.affiliation: Regional Institute of Sport Medicine, Nantes University Hospital, 44093, Nantes, France.
authors.forename: V
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Dubois
authors.affiliation: Medical Units of Prevention Doping of Rhône-Alpes, Grenoble University Hospital, 38000, Grenoble, France.
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Mora
authors.affiliation: Center for Support and Prevention of Athletes, Bordeaux University Hospital, 33000, Bordeaux Cedex, France.
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Trolonge
authors.affiliation: Clinical Investigation Unit BALANCED "BehaviorAL AddictioNs and ComplEx Mood Disorders", Addictology and Psychiatry Department, Nantes University Hospital, Pavillon Louis PhilippeHôpital Saint Jacques, rue Saint Jacques, 85, 44093, Nantes Cedex 1, France.
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Lambert
authors.affiliation: Clinical Investigation Unit BALANCED "BehaviorAL AddictioNs and ComplEx Mood Disorders", Addictology and Psychiatry Department, Nantes University Hospital, Pavillon Louis PhilippeHôpital Saint Jacques, rue Saint Jacques, 85, 44093, Nantes Cedex 1, France.|EA 4275 SPHERE "BioStatistics, Pharmacoepidemiology and Human SciEnces Research tEam"Nantes University, 44000, Nantes, France.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Grall-Bronnec
authors.affiliation: Clinical Investigation Unit BALANCED "BehaviorAL AddictioNs and ComplEx Mood Disorders", Addictology and Psychiatry Department, Nantes University Hospital, Pavillon Louis PhilippeHôpital Saint Jacques, rue Saint Jacques, 85, 44093, Nantes Cedex 1, France.|Medical Units of Prevention Doping of Pays de La Loire, Nantes University Hospital, 44000, Nantes, France.
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Prétagut
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D056352:Athletes / Q000523:psychology*; D001828:Body Image / Q000523:psychology*; D004300:Doping in Sports / Q000523:psychology*; D001068:Feeding and Eating Disorders / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000523:psychology; D005260:Female; D005602:France; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D015995:Prevalence; D013177:Sports / Q000523:psychology*; D055815:Young Adult
keywords: Associated factors; Disordered eating; High-level athletes; Prevalence; Sport