title: The interactive effect on injury severity of driver-vehicle units in two-vehicle crashes.
abstract: This study sets out to investigate the interactive effect on injury severity of driver-vehicle units in two-vehicle crashes.
  
  
  
  A Bayesian hierarchical ordered logit model is proposed to relate the variation and correlation of injury severity of drivers involved in two-vehicle crashes to the factors of both driver-vehicle units and the crash configurations. A total of 6417 crash records with 12,834 vehicles involved in Florida are used for model calibration.
  
  
  
  The results show that older, female and not-at-fault drivers and those without use of safety equipment are more likely to be injured but less likely to injure the drivers in the other vehicles. New vehicles and lower speed ratios are associated with lower injury degree of both drivers involved. Compared with automobiles, vans, pick-ups, light trucks, median trucks, and heavy trucks possess better self-protection and stronger aggressivity. The points of impact closer to the driver's seat in general indicate a higher risk to the own drivers while engine cover and vehicle rear are the least hazardous to other drivers. Head-on crashes are significantly more severe than angle and rear-end crashes. We found that more severe crashes occurred on roadways than on shoulders or safety zones.
  
  
  
  Based on these results, some suggestions for traffic safety education, enforcement and engineering are made. Moreover, significant within-crash correlation is found in the crash data, which demonstrates the applicability of the proposed model.
authors.affiliation: School of Civil Engineering and Transportation, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510641, PR China. Electronic address: zengqiang@scut.edu.cn.
authors.forename: Qiang
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Zeng
authors.affiliation: School of Civil Engineering and Transportation, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510641, PR China. Electronic address: hywen@scut.edu.cn.
authors.forename: Huiying
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Wen
authors.affiliation: Urban Transport Research Center, School of Traffic and Transportation Engineering, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410075, PR China. Electronic address: huanghelai@csu.edu.cn.
authors.forename: Helai
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Huang
mesh_terms: D000063:Accidents, Traffic / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D001499:Bayes Theorem; D005260:Female; D005431:Florida; D006801:Humans; D015601:Injury Severity Score; D016015:Logistic Models; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D018986:Motor Vehicles / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D012449:Safety; D055815:Young Adult
keywords: Driver-vehicle unit; Hierarchical ordered logit model; Injury severity; Interactive effect; Two-vehicle crash