title: Exposure to PM10, NO2, and O3and impacts on human health.
abstract: Air pollution is emerging as a risk factor for human health like cancer and other health outcomes in developing countries, especially Iran where air pollutant concentrations are elevated. Additionally, some of the crucial environmental problems are caused by air pollution. Nevertheless, the data on health effects of air pollution are limited. The main objective of this study was to assess the health impacts attributed to particulate matter less than 10 μg/m3(PM10), nitrogen dioxide (NO2), and ozone (O3) in Kermanshah City (Iran). The diurnal averages of PM10and NO2levels and 1-h averages of O3concentrations were applied to assess the cardiovascular mortality due to exposure to these pollutants during the years 2014 and 2015. The excess number of cardiovascular mortality was estimated by relative risk (RR) and baseline incidence (BI) defined by the World Health Organization (WHO). The excess in mortality risk for cardiovascular diseases is of 188 premature deaths related to PM10, 33 related to NO2, and 83 related to O3, respectively. The results indicate that a 10-μg/m3change in PM10, NO2, and O3generates a relative risk of 1.066, 1.012, and 1.020, respectively. The excess of relative risk is of 6.6, 1.2, and 2.0%, respectively. Immediate policies and actions are needed to reduce the various sources of these pollutants from transport and energy manufacture facilities in Kermanshah.
authors.affiliation: Health Care System of Karoon, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran.
authors.forename: Yusef Omidi
authors.initials: YO
authors.lastname: Khaniabadi
authors.affiliation: Environmental Technologies Research Center (ETRC), Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran.|Air Pollution and Respiratory Diseases Research Center, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran.
authors.forename: Gholamreza
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Goudarzi
authors.affiliation: Health Center of Hendijan, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran.
authors.forename: Seyed Mohammad
authors.initials: SM
authors.lastname: Daryanoosh
authors.affiliation: Cancer Registry and Environmental Epidemiology Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Via Venezian 1, Milan, Italy.
authors.forename: Alessandro
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Borgini
authors.affiliation: Cancer Registry and Environmental Epidemiology Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Via Venezian 1, Milan, Italy.
authors.forename: Andrea
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Tittarelli
authors.affiliation: Department of Territorial and Production Systems Sustainability, SSPT-MET-INAT, ENEA, CR Casaccia, Via Anguillarese 301, 00123, Rome, Italy. alessandra.demarco@enea.it.
authors.forename: Alessandra
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: De Marco
mesh_terms: D000393:Air Pollutants / Q000633:toxicity*; D000397:Air Pollution; D002318:Cardiovascular Diseases / Q000401:mortality*; D004781:Environmental Exposure; D006801:Humans; D015994:Incidence; D007492:Iran / Q000453:epidemiology; D009585:Nitrogen Dioxide / Q000633:toxicity*; D010126:Ozone / Q000633:toxicity*; D052638:Particulate Matter / Q000633:toxicity; D012307:Risk Factors
chemical_list: D000393:Air Pollutants; D052638:Particulate Matter; D010126:Ozone; D009585:Nitrogen Dioxide
keywords: Air pollutants; AirQ; Cardiovascular mortality