title: Quantitative Method to Investigate the Balance between Metabolism and Proteome Biomass: Starting from Glycine.
abstract: The balance between metabolism and biomass is very important in biological systems; however, to date there has been no quantitative method to characterize the balance. In this methodological study, we propose to use the distribution of amino acids in different domains to investigate this balance. It is well known that endogenous or exogenous amino acids in a biological system are either metabolized or incorporated into free amino acids (FAAs) or proteome amino acids (PAAs). Using glycine (Gly) as an example, we demonstrate a novel method to accurately determine the amounts of amino acids in various domains using serum, urine, and cell samples. As expected, serum and urine had very different distributions of FAA- and PAA-Gly. Using Tet21N human neuroblastoma cells, we also found that Myc(oncogene)-induced metabolic reprogramming included a higher rate of metabolizing Gly, which provides additional evidence that the metabolism of proliferating cells is adapted to facilitate producing new cells. It is therefore anticipated that our method will be very valuable for further studies of the metabolism and biomass balance that will lead to a better understanding of human cancers.
authors.affiliation: Northwest Metabolomics Research Center, Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98109, USA.|Jiangxi Key Laboratory for Mass Spectrometry and Instrumentation, East China University of Technology, Nanchang, Jiangxi Province, 330013, China.
authors.forename: Haiwei
authors.identifier: 0000-0002-7598-5022
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Gu
authors.affiliation: Division of Basic Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, 98109, USA.
authors.forename: Patrick A
authors.initials: PA
authors.lastname: Carroll
authors.affiliation: Department of Biochemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98109, USA.
authors.forename: Jianhai
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Du
authors.affiliation: Northwest Metabolomics Research Center, Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98109, USA.
authors.forename: Jiangjiang
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Zhu
authors.affiliation: Northwest Metabolomics Research Center, Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98109, USA.
authors.forename: Fausto Carnevale
authors.initials: FC
authors.lastname: Neto
authors.affiliation: Division of Basic Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, 98109, USA.
authors.forename: Robert N
authors.initials: RN
authors.lastname: Eisenman
authors.affiliation: Northwest Metabolomics Research Center, Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98109, USA.|Public Health Sciences Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, 98109, USA.
authors.forename: Daniel
authors.identifier: 0000-0003-2467-8118
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Raftery
mesh_terms: D000596:Amino Acids / Q000032:analysis / Q000097:blood / Q000378:metabolism / Q000652:urine; D045744:Cell Line, Tumor; D049109:Cell Proliferation; D005998:Glycine / Q000032:analysis / Q000097:blood / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000652:urine; D006801:Humans; D053858:Metabolic Networks and Pathways; D008958:Models, Molecular; D009369:Neoplasms / Q000097:blood / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000652:urine; D020543:Proteome / Q000032:analysis / Q000378:metabolism*; D040901:Proteomics
chemical_list: D000596:Amino Acids; D020543:Proteome; D005998:Glycine
keywords: Warburg effect; biomass; cancer; glycine; metabolism