title: Robotic Versus Laparoscopic Staging for Early Ovarian Cancer: A Case-Matched Control Study.
abstract: To evaluate the feasibility, surgical outcome, and oncologic results observed after robotic staging compared with conventional laparoscopic staging for patients with early-stage ovarian cancer patients.
  
  
  
  A retrospective cohort study (Canadian Task Force classification II-2).
  
  
  
  Catholic University of the Sacred Heart, Rome, Italy.
  
  
  
  Ninety-six patients underwent minimally invasive staging for presumed stage I ovarian cancer; 32 underwent the robotic approach (cases), and 64 underwent the laparoscopic approach (controls).
  
  
  
  There was no statistically significant difference between the 2 approaches with regard to final Fédération Internationale de Gynécologie et d'Obstétrique stage, histology, and grade of tumors. In the whole series, 15 patients (15.6%) were upstaged, with no statistically significant difference between the 2 groups. The median number of pelvic lymph nodes removed was 14 (range, 3-42) and 11 (range, 2-29) in the robotic and laparoscopic groups (p = .235), respectively. The median number of aortic lymph nodes removed was 11 (range, 3-26) and 12 (range, 1-39) in the robotic and laparoscopic groups (p = .263), respectively. The operative time was significantly shorter in the robotic group compared with the laparoscopic group (p = .043), whereas the amount of estimated blood loss was similar (p = .691). No difference was found in terms of early and postoperative complications. Overall, 72 patients were considered as requiring adjuvant treatment. Two patients experienced peritoneal recurrence.
  
  
  
  The present study suggests that there is no relevant difference between the robotic and laparoscopic approaches in staging early-stage ovarian cancer. Further prospective trials are needed to confirm our results.
authors.affiliation: Division of Gynecologic Oncology, Catholic University of the Sacred Heart, Rome, Italy. Electronic address: gallottav@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Valerio
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Gallotta
authors.affiliation: Division of Gynecologic Oncology, Catholic University of the Sacred Heart, Rome, Italy.
authors.forename: Carla
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Cicero
authors.affiliation: Division of Gynecologic Oncology, Catholic University of the Sacred Heart, Rome, Italy.
authors.forename: Carmine
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Conte
authors.affiliation: Division of Gynecologic Oncology, Catholic University of the Sacred Heart, Rome, Italy.
authors.forename: Giuseppe
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Vizzielli
authors.affiliation: Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University Hospital 'Paolo Giaccone', Palermo, Italy.
authors.forename: Marco
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Petrillo
authors.affiliation: Division of Gynecologic Oncology, Catholic University of the Sacred Heart, Rome, Italy.
authors.forename: Anna
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Fagotti
authors.affiliation: Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University Hospital 'Paolo Giaccone', Palermo, Italy.
authors.forename: Vito
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Chiantera
authors.affiliation: Division of Gynecologic Oncology, Catholic University of the Sacred Heart, Rome, Italy.
authors.forename: Barbara
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Costantini
authors.affiliation: Division of Gynecologic Oncology, Catholic University of the Sacred Heart, Rome, Italy.
authors.forename: Giovanni
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Scambia
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Molise/Gynecologic Oncology Unit, Fondazione "Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli", Rome, Italy.
authors.forename: Gabriella
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Ferrandina
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007044:Hysterectomy / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000379:methods; D007558:Italy / Q000453:epidemiology; D010535:Laparoscopy / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000379:methods; D008875:Middle Aged; D009367:Neoplasm Staging; D061646:Operative Time; D010043:Outcome and Process Assessment, Health Care; D010051:Ovarian Neoplasms / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery; D011183:Postoperative Complications / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000209:etiology / Q000517:prevention & control; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D065287:Robotic Surgical Procedures / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000379:methods
keywords: Early ovarian cancer; Laparoscopy; Robotic surgery