title: Determination of lithium and transition metals in Li1Ni1/3Co1/3Mn1/3O2(NCM) cathode material for lithium-ion batteries by capillary electrophoresis.
abstract: In this work, we present a novel electrophoretic method that was developed for the determination of lithium and transition metals in LiNi1/3Co1/3Mn1/3O2cathode material after microwave digestion. The cations in the digested LiNi1/3Co1/3Mn1/3O2material were separated by CE and the element content was determined by UV/Vis detection. To characterize the precision of the measurements, the RSDs and concentrations were calculated and compared to those obtained with ICP-optical emission spectrometry (ICP-OES). Furthermore, a certified reference material (BCR 176R-fly ash) was investigated for all techniques. For active material components, the LOD and LOQ were determined. The LODs and LOQs for the metals determined by CE were as follows: lithium (LOD/LOQ): 17.41/62.70 μg/L, cobalt (LOD/LOQ): 348.4/1283 μg/L, manganese (LOD/LOQ): 540.2/2095 μg/L, and nickel (LOD/LOQ): 838.0/2982 μg/L. Recovery rates for lithium were in the range of 95-103%. It could be proven that with the new technique, the results for the determination of the lithium content of active material were comparable with those obtained by ICP-OES and ion chromatography. Furthermore, the recovery rates of the transition metals were determined to be between 96 and 110% by CE and ICP-OES.
authors.affiliation: MEET - Münster Electrochemical Energy Technology, Institute of Physical Chemistry, University of Münster, Münster, Germany.
authors.forename: Britta
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Vortmann-Westhoven
authors.affiliation: MEET - Münster Electrochemical Energy Technology, Institute of Physical Chemistry, University of Münster, Münster, Germany.
authors.forename: Constantin
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Lürenbaum
authors.affiliation: Helmholtz Institute Münster (HI MS), IEK-12, Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, Corrensstraße 46, 48149, Münster, Germany.
authors.forename: Martin
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Winter
authors.affiliation: MEET - Münster Electrochemical Energy Technology, Institute of Physical Chemistry, University of Münster, Münster, Germany.
authors.forename: Sascha
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Nowak
mesh_terms: D002852:Chromatography, Ion Exchange; D060729:Coal Ash / Q000737:chemistry; D011211:Electric Power Supplies; D004566:Electrodes; D019075:Electrophoresis, Capillary / Q000379:methods*; D057230:Limit of Detection; D008094:Lithium / Q000032:analysis* / Q000737:chemistry; D008422:Materials Testing / Q000379:methods*; D008872:Microwaves; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D028561:Transition Elements / Q000032:analysis* / Q000737:chemistry
chemical_list: D060729:Coal Ash; D028561:Transition Elements; D008094:Lithium
keywords: CE; Ion chromatography (IC); Lithium; Lithium-ion battery (LIB); Microwave digestion