title: Associations of urinary phthalate and phenol biomarkers with menarche in a multiethnic cohort of young girls.
abstract: To study potential environmental influences on puberty in girls, we investigated urinary biomarkers in relation to age at menarche. Phenols and phthalates were measured at baseline (6-8 years of age). Menarche was ascertained over 11 years for 1051 girls with menarche and biomarkers. Hazards ratios were estimated from Cox models adjusted for race/ethnicity and caregiver education (aHR, 95% confidence intervals [CI] for 5th vs 1st quintile urinary biomarker concentrations). 2,5-Dichlorophenol was associated with earlier menarche (aHR 1.34 [1.06-1.71]); enterolactone was associated with later menarche (aHR 0.82 [0.66-1.03]), as was mono-3-carboxypropyl phthalate (MCPP) (aHR 0.73 [0.59-0.91]); the three p-trends were <0.05. Menarche differed by 4-7 months across this range. Enterolactone and MCPP associations were stronger in girls with below-median body mass index. These analytes were also associated with age at breast development in this cohort. Findings from this prospective study suggest that some childhood exposures are associated with pubertal timing.
authors.affiliation: Department of Environmental Medicine and Public Health, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, 1 Gustave L. Levy Place Box 1057, New York, NY 10029, USA. Electronic address: mary.wolff@mssm.edu.
authors.forename: Mary S
authors.initials: MS
authors.lastname: Wolff
authors.affiliation: Department of Environmental Medicine and Public Health, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, 1 Gustave L. Levy Place Box 1057, New York, NY 10029, USA. Electronic address: ashley.pajak7@mssm.edu.
authors.forename: Ashley
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Pajak
authors.affiliation: Department of Environmental Health, Kettering Building, Room 208, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, 3223 Eden Avenue, Cincinnati, OH 45267-0056, USA. Electronic address: pinneysm@ucmail.uc.edu.
authors.forename: Susan M
authors.initials: SM
authors.lastname: Pinney
authors.affiliation: Division of Environmental and Occupational Disease Control, California Department of Public Health, 850 Marina Bay Pkwy, Bldg P, Richmond, CA 94804, USA. Electronic address: gayle.windham@cdph.ca.gov.
authors.forename: Gayle C
authors.initials: GC
authors.lastname: Windham
authors.affiliation: Department of Environmental Medicine and Public Health, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, 1 Gustave L. Levy Place Box 1057, New York, NY 10029, USA. Electronic address: maida.galvez@mssm.edu.
authors.forename: Maida
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Galvez
authors.affiliation: Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 4770 Buford Hwy, MS-F17, Atlanta, GA 30341, USA. Electronic address: szr8@cdc.gov.
authors.forename: Michael
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Rybak
authors.affiliation: Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 4770 Buford Hwy, MS-F17, Atlanta, GA 30341, USA. Electronic address: zca2@cdc.gov.
authors.forename: Manori J
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Silva
authors.affiliation: Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 4770 Buford Hwy, MS-F17, Atlanta, GA 30341, USA. Electronic address: xay5@cdc.gov.
authors.forename: Xiaoyun
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Ye
authors.affiliation: Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 4770 Buford Hwy, MS-F17, Atlanta, GA 30341, USA. Electronic address: aic7@cdc.gov.
authors.forename: Antonia M
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Calafat
authors.affiliation: Division of Research, Kaiser Permanente, 2000 Broadway, Oakland, CA 94612, USA. Electronic address: larry.kushi@kp.org.
authors.forename: Lawrence H
authors.initials: LH
authors.lastname: Kushi
authors.affiliation: Division of Adolescent Medicine, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, 3333 Burnet Avenue (ML-4000), Cincinnati, OH 45229-3029, USA. Electronic address: frank.biro@cchmc.org.
authors.forename: Frank M
authors.initials: FM
authors.lastname: Biro
authors.affiliation: Department of Environmental Medicine and Public Health, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, 1 Gustave L. Levy Place Box 1057, New York, NY 10029, USA. Electronic address: susan.teitelbaum@mssm.edu.
authors.forename: Susan L
authors.initials: SL
authors.lastname: Teitelbaum
mesh_terms: D001741:Black or African American; D001213:Asian; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000652:urine; D002140:California; D002648:Child; D015331:Cohort Studies; D004781:Environmental Exposure / Q000032:analysis*; D005260:Female; D006630:Hispanic or Latino; D006801:Humans; D008572:Menarche / Q000187:drug effects / Q000208:ethnology* / Q000652:urine*; D009519:New York City; D009820:Ohio; D010636:Phenols / Q000652:urine*; D010795:Phthalic Acids / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000652:urine*; D016016:Proportional Hazards Models; D044465:White People
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; D010636:Phenols; D010795:Phthalic Acids; C032279:phthalic acid
keywords: Environmental; Menarche; Phenols; Phthalates; Phytoestrogens