title: The effects of expanding outpatient and inpatient evaluation and management services in a pediatric interventional radiology practice.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Despite a continuing emphasis on evaluation and management clinical services in adult interventional radiology (IR) practice, the peer-reviewed literature addressing these services - and their potential economic benefits - is lacking in pediatric IR practice.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To measure the effects of expanding evaluation and management (E&M) services through the establishment of a dedicated pediatric interventional radiology outpatient clinic and inpatient E&M reporting system.
  
  
  METHODS
  We collected and analyzed E&M current procedural terminology (CPT) codes from all patients seen in a pediatric interventional radiology outpatient clinic between November 2014 and August 2015. We also calculated the number of new patients seen in the clinic who had a subsequent procedure (procedural conversion rate). For comparison, we used historical data comprising pediatric patients seen in a general interventional radiology (IR) clinic for the 2 years immediately prior. An inpatient E&M reporting system was implemented and all inpatient E&M (and subsequent procedural) services between July 2015 and September 2015 were collected and analyzed. We estimated revenue for both outpatient and inpatient services using the Medicare Physician Fee Schedule global non-facility price as a surrogate.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Following inception of a pediatric IR clinic, the number of new outpatients (5.5/month; +112%), procedural conversion rate (74.5%; +19%), estimated E&M revenue (+158%), and estimated procedural revenue from new outpatients (+228%) all increased. Following implementation of an inpatient clinic reporting system, there were 8.3 consults and 7.3 subsequent hospital encounters per month, with a procedural conversion rate of 88%.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Growth was observed in all meaningful metrics following expansion of outpatient and inpatient pediatric IR E&M services.
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology and Imaging Sciences, Division of Interventional Radiology and Image-guided Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA.
authors.forename: Faramarz
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Edalat
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology and Imaging Sciences, Division of Interventional Radiology and Image-guided Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA.
authors.forename: Will S
authors.initials: WS
authors.lastname: Lindquester
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology and Imaging Sciences, Division of Interventional Radiology and Image-guided Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA.|Department of Radiology and Imaging Sciences, Division of Pediatric Radiology, Emory University School of Medicine, Children's Healthcare of Atlanta at Egleston, 1364 Clifton Road NE, Ste. D112, Atlanta, GA, 30322, USA.
authors.forename: Anne E
authors.initials: AE
authors.lastname: Gill
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology and Imaging Sciences, Division of Pediatric Radiology, Emory University School of Medicine, Children's Healthcare of Atlanta at Egleston, 1364 Clifton Road NE, Ste. D112, Atlanta, GA, 30322, USA.
authors.forename: Stephen F
authors.initials: SF
authors.lastname: Simoneaux
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology and Imaging Sciences, Division of Pediatric Radiology, Emory University School of Medicine, Children's Healthcare of Atlanta at Egleston, 1364 Clifton Road NE, Ste. D112, Atlanta, GA, 30322, USA.
authors.forename: Jennifer
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Gaines
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology and Imaging Sciences, Division of Interventional Radiology and Image-guided Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA. matt.hawkins@emory.edu.|Department of Radiology and Imaging Sciences, Division of Pediatric Radiology, Emory University School of Medicine, Children's Healthcare of Atlanta at Egleston, 1364 Clifton Road NE, Ste. D112, Atlanta, GA, 30322, USA. matt.hawkins@emory.edu.
authors.forename: C Matthew
authors.initials: CM
authors.lastname: Hawkins
mesh_terms: D039702:Current Procedural Terminology; D017598:Efficiency, Organizational; D005249:Fees and Charges; D006801:Humans; D006278:Medicare / Q000191:economics; D017146:Models, Organizational; D010372:Pediatrics / Q000191:economics / Q000458:organization & administration*; D011216:Practice Management, Medical / Q000191:economics / Q000458:organization & administration*; D010818:Practice Patterns, Physicians' / Q000191:economics; D015642:Radiology, Interventional / Q000191:economics / Q000458:organization & administration*; D014481:United States; D014600:Utilization Review
keywords: Evaluation and management; Interventional radiology; Outpatient clinic; Pediatrics