title: Comparative Analysis of the Antiviral Activity of Camel, Bovine, and Human Lactoperoxidases Against Herpes Simplex Virus Type 1.
abstract: Lactoperoxidase is a milk hemoprotein that acts as a non-immunoglobulin protective protein and shows strong antimicrobial activity. Bovine milk contains about 15 and 7 times higher levels of lactoperoxidase than human colustrum and camel milk, respectively. Human, bovine, and camel lactoperoxidases (hLPO, bLPO, and cLPO, respectively) were purified as homogeneous samples with specific activities of 4.2, 61.3, and 8.7 u/mg, respectively. The optimal working pH was 7.5 (hLPO and bLPO) and 6.5 (cLPO), whereas the optimal working temperature for these proteins was 40 °C. The Kmof hLPO, cLPO, and bLPO were 17, 16, and 19 mM, and their corresponding Vmaxvalues were 2, 1.7, and 2.7 μmol/min ml. However, in the presence of H2O2, the Kmvalues were 11 mM for hLPO and cLPO and 20 mM for bLPO, while the corresponding Vmaxvalues were 1.17 for hLPO and 1.4 μmol/min ml for cLPO and bLPO. All three proteins were able to inhibit the herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) in Vero cell line model. The relative antiviral activities were proportional to the protein concentrations. The highest anti-HSV-1 activity was exhibited by bLPO that inhibited the HSV particles at a concentration of 0.5 mg/ml with the relative activity of 100%.
authors.affiliation: Protective and Therapeutic Proteins Laboratory, Protein Research Department, Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology Research Institute GEBRI, City for Scientific Research and Technology Applications, New Borg El Arab, Alexandria, 21934, Egypt.
authors.forename: Esmail M
authors.initials: EM
authors.lastname: El-Fakharany
authors.affiliation: Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, PO Box 80203, Jeddah, 21589, Saudi Arabia. vuversky@health.usf.edu.|Department of Molecular Medicine and USF Health Byrd Alzheimer's Research Institute, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, 33612, USA. vuversky@health.usf.edu.|Laboratory of Structural Dynamics, Stability and Folding of Proteins, Institute of Cytology, Russian Academy of Sciences, St. Petersburg, Russia. vuversky@health.usf.edu.
authors.forename: Vladimir N
authors.initials: VN
authors.lastname: Uversky
authors.affiliation: Protective and Therapeutic Proteins Laboratory, Protein Research Department, Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology Research Institute GEBRI, City for Scientific Research and Technology Applications, New Borg El Arab, Alexandria, 21934, Egypt. redwan1961@yahoo.com.|Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, PO Box 80203, Jeddah, 21589, Saudi Arabia. redwan1961@yahoo.com.
authors.forename: Elrashdy M
authors.initials: EM
authors.lastname: Redwan
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000998:Antiviral Agents / Q000737:chemistry / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000494:pharmacology*; D002162:Camelus; D002417:Cattle; D002522:Chlorocebus aethiops; D003126:Colostrum / Q000737:chemistry*; D006139:Guaiacol / Q000737:chemistry*; D018259:Herpesvirus 1, Human / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000254:growth & development; D006801:Humans; D006861:Hydrogen Peroxide / Q000737:chemistry; D006863:Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; D007700:Kinetics; D007784:Lactoperoxidase / Q000737:chemistry / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000494:pharmacology*; D008826:Microbial Sensitivity Tests; D008892:Milk / Q000737:chemistry*; D013696:Temperature; D014709:Vero Cells
chemical_list: D000998:Antiviral Agents; D006139:Guaiacol; D006861:Hydrogen Peroxide; D007784:Lactoperoxidase
keywords: Antiviral activity; Comparative analysis; Herpes simplex virus type 1; Lactoperoxidase system; Lactoperoxidate; Milk protein; Protein purification