title: In-syringe dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction based on the solidification of ionic liquids for the determination of benzoylurea insecticides in water and tea beverage samples.
abstract: A novel in-syringe dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction based on the solidification of ionic liquids (in-syringe SIL-DLLME) was coupled with high-performance liquid chromatography-ultraviolet detector (HPLC-UVD) to detect five benzoylurea insecticides (BUs) in water and tea beverage samples. In this method, the hydrophobic ionic liquid [N8881][PF6] was formed in situ by the metathesis reaction between [N8881]Cl and the anion-exchange reagent KPF6to extract the target analytes. The whole extraction procedure was performed in a syringe. The solidified extractant could be separated from the aqueous phase by exposing the emulsified extraction solution to an ice bath and then easily collected by squeezing out the aqueous phase through the prepared NWPP-based needle. Various parameters affecting the extraction efficiency, such as the amount of [N8881]Cl, the molar ratio of [N8881]Cl to KPF6, salt addition, cooling time, solution temperature, sample pH and sample volume, were evaluated. Under the optimized conditions, the proposed method was validated with satisfactory results: good linearities with coefficients of determination greater than 0.99 were obtained in the range of 2-500µgL-1; the limits of detection varied between 0.29 and 0.59µgL-1; the recoveries of the five benzoylurea insecticides ranged from 85.93% to 90.52%; and the intra-day (n=3) and inter-day (n=3) relative standard deviations were less than 5.36%. Finally, the proposed method was successfully used for the determination of BUs in real water and tea beverage samples.
authors.affiliation: Department of Applied Chemistry, College of Science, China Agricultural University, Yuanmingyuan West Road 2#, Haidian District, Beijing 100193, China.
authors.forename: Huazi
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: Department of Applied Chemistry, College of Science, China Agricultural University, Yuanmingyuan West Road 2#, Haidian District, Beijing 100193, China.
authors.forename: Lu
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Hu
authors.affiliation: Department of Applied Chemistry, College of Science, China Agricultural University, Yuanmingyuan West Road 2#, Haidian District, Beijing 100193, China.
authors.forename: Wanzhen
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: Department of Applied Chemistry, College of Science, China Agricultural University, Yuanmingyuan West Road 2#, Haidian District, Beijing 100193, China.
authors.forename: Xiaoling
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.affiliation: Department of Applied Chemistry, College of Science, China Agricultural University, Yuanmingyuan West Road 2#, Haidian District, Beijing 100193, China.
authors.forename: Runhua
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Lu
authors.affiliation: Department of Applied Chemistry, College of Science, China Agricultural University, Yuanmingyuan West Road 2#, Haidian District, Beijing 100193, China.
authors.forename: Sanbing
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: Department of Applied Chemistry, College of Science, China Agricultural University, Yuanmingyuan West Road 2#, Haidian District, Beijing 100193, China.
authors.forename: Wenfeng
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Zhou
authors.affiliation: Department of Applied Chemistry, College of Science, China Agricultural University, Yuanmingyuan West Road 2#, Haidian District, Beijing 100193, China.
authors.forename: Haixiang
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Gao
authors.affiliation: Department of Applied Chemistry, College of Science, China Agricultural University, Yuanmingyuan West Road 2#, Haidian District, Beijing 100193, China. Electronic address: jli@cau.edu.cn.
authors.forename: Jing
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Li
mesh_terms: D001628:Beverages / Q000032:analysis*; D002851:Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid / Q000379:methods; D005618:Fresh Water / Q000737:chemistry; D006863:Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; D007306:Insecticides / Q000032:analysis / Q000302:isolation & purification; D052578:Ionic Liquids / Q000737:chemistry*; D059627:Liquid Phase Microextraction / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods*; D010671:Phenylurea Compounds / Q000032:analysis* / Q000302:isolation & purification; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D045483:Rivers; D013594:Syringes; D013662:Tea; D013696:Temperature; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical / Q000032:analysis* / Q000302:isolation & purification
chemical_list: D007306:Insecticides; D052578:Ionic Liquids; D010671:Phenylurea Compounds; D013662:Tea; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical
keywords: Benzoylurea insecticides; Dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction; Ionic liquids; Solidification; Syringe