title: An effective compromise between cost and referral rate: A sequential hearing screening protocol using TEOAEs and AABRs for healthy newborns.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  This study evaluated the efficacy of a sequential hearing screening protocol using transient evoked otoacoustic emission (TEOAE) and automated auditory brainstem response (AABR) tests in healthy newborns.
  
  
  METHODS
  A TEOAE screening was performed during the first 48-72 h of life. If the infants failed, an AABR test was performed at the same time, and they were referred for a TEOAE rescreening at six weeks old. The results of screening Protocol 1 (only TEOAE) were compared with those of screening Protocol 2 (sequential TEOAE + AABR screenings for the first screening and TEOAE for the rescreening).
  
  
  METHODS
  A total of 1062 healthy newborns were enrolled in this research.
  
  
  RESULTS
  For Protocol 1, the first screening and rescreening referral rates were 11.1% and 2.2%, respectively. In contrast, for Protocol 2, the referral rates were significant lower at 3.8% and 0.9%, respectively. Using the two protocols, six infants were diagnosed with hearing loss (0.57%).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Adding simultaneous AABR tests for infants who fail TEOAE testing at the first screening stage can significantly reduce referral rates without increasing misdiagnosis rates. Although this sequential screening process involves slightly more time and has a higher cost than TEOAE alone, its greater accuracy compensates for this difference.
authors.affiliation: Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100730, China.
authors.forename: Yingying
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Shang
authors.affiliation: Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100730, China.
authors.forename: Wenyang
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Hao
authors.affiliation: Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100730, China.
authors.forename: Zhiqiang
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Gao
authors.affiliation: Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100730, China.
authors.forename: Chunxiao
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Xu
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatrics, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100730, China.
authors.forename: Ying
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Ru
authors.affiliation: Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100730, China. Electronic address: dr_nidaofeng@126.com.
authors.forename: Daofeng
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Ni
mesh_terms: D002681:China; D016057:Evoked Potentials, Auditory, Brain Stem / Q000502:physiology*; D005260:Female; D034381:Hearing Loss / Q000175:diagnosis; D006320:Hearing Tests / Q000379:methods*; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D008297:Male; D015997:Neonatal Screening / Q000379:methods*; D017084:Otoacoustic Emissions, Spontaneous / Q000502:physiology*; D012017:Referral and Consultation / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*
keywords: Automated auditory brainstem response; Evoked otoacoustic emissions; Hearing; Screening; Universal newborn hearing screening