title: Can water disinfection prevent the transmission of infectious koi herpesvirus to naïve carp? - a case report.
abstract: Hygienic measures such as disinfection are important tools for the maintenance of fish health in aquaculture. While little information is available on the disinfection of water intended for fish containment, Huwa-San®, a disinfectant used in food and water industries, was used for daily treatment at concentrations of approximately 60 ppm over a total period of 3 months (experiment 1) with a 3-week treatment-free interval after 2 months (experiment 2). During this period, koi herpesvirus (KHV) was added to the water of two aquaria, one used as a normal contact control, the other one receiving daily water disinfectant treatments that prevented KHV infection of carp. In the second experiment, Huwa-San®treatment was interrupted and KHV infection was prevalent. However, when naïve fish were introduced to the same aquarium after re-application of disinfectant, KHV could not be detected in those naïve fish. Whilst KHV could not be detected in samples where disinfectant had been applied, it was present in samples of naïve fish cohabiting with infection contact control animals which had undergone no disinfectant treatment over experiments 1 and 2. The results presented here show that water treatment with a disinfectant may prevent transmission of infectious KHV to naïve carp cohabited with infected carp.
authors.affiliation: Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, Federal Research Institute for Animal Health, Greifswald-Insel Riems, Germany.
authors.forename: S M
authors.initials: SM
authors.lastname: Bergmann
authors.affiliation: Marine Laboratory, Marine Scotland Science, Aberdeen, UK.
authors.forename: E S
authors.initials: ES
authors.lastname: Monro
authors.affiliation: Food Science and Fisheries, West Pomeranian University of Technology, Szczecin, Poland.
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Kempter
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D017756:Aquaculture / Q000379:methods*; D002347:Carps; D004266:DNA Virus Infections / Q000517:prevention & control / Q000662:veterinary* / Q000821:virology; D004267:DNA Viruses / Q000502:physiology*; D004203:Disinfection; D005393:Fish Diseases / Q000517:prevention & control* / Q000821:virology; D014871:Water Microbiology
keywords: carp; koi herpesvirus; koi herpesvirus disease; water disinfection