title: Metal-resistant rhizobacteria isolates improve Mucuna deeringiana phytoextraction capacity in multi-metal contaminated soils from a gold mining area.
abstract: Phytoremediation consists of biological techniques for heavy metal remediation, which include exploring the genetic package of vegetable species to remove heavy metals from the environment. The goals of this study were to investigate heavy metal and bioaugmentation effects on growth and nutrient uptake by Mucuna deeringiana; to determine the metal translocation factor and bioconcentration factor and provide insight for using native bacteria to enhance heavy metal accumulation. The experiment was conducted under greenhouse conditions using a 2 × 4 factorial scheme with highly and slightly contaminated soil samples and inoculating M. deeringiana with three highly lead (Pb+2)-resistant bacteria Kluyvera intermedia (Ki), Klebsiella oxytoca (Ko), and Citrobacter murliniae (Cm) isolated from the rhizosphere of native plants identified as Senecio brasiliensis (Spreng.) Less., Senecio leptolobus DC., and Baccharis trimera (Less) DC., respectively. The increased heavy metal concentrations in soil samples do not decrease the root dry mass of M. deeringiana, concerning the number and dry weight of nodules. The shoot dry mass is reduced by the increasing concentration of heavy metals in soil associated with Kluyvera intermedia and Klebsiella oxytoca bacteria. The number of nodules is affected by heavy metals associated with Citrobacter murliniae bacteria. The bacteria K. intermedia, C. murliniae, and K. oxytoca increase the lead and cadmium available in the soil and enhanced metal uptake by Mucuna deeringiana. The M. deeringiana specie has characteristics that make it hyperaccumulate copper and zinc. The translocation and bioconcentration factors for M. deeringiana characterize it as a promising candidate to phytostabilize multi-metal contaminated soils.
authors.affiliation: Cinobelina Elvas, Agronomy Department, Federal University of Piauí, BR 135, km 3, Planalto Horizonte, Bom Jesus, PI, Brazil. cacioboechat@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Cácio Luiz
authors.initials: CL
authors.lastname: Boechat
authors.affiliation: Soil Department, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil.
authors.forename: Patricia
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Giovanella
authors.affiliation: Federal Institute of Education Science and Technology of Rondônia, Colorado do Oeste, RO, Brazil.
authors.forename: Magno Batista
authors.initials: MB
authors.lastname: Amorim
authors.affiliation: Soil Department, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil.
authors.forename: Enilson Luiz Saccol
authors.initials: EL
authors.lastname: de Sá
authors.affiliation: Soil Department, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil.
authors.forename: Flávio Anastácio
authors.initials: FA
authors.lastname: de Oliveira Camargo
mesh_terms: D001673:Biodegradation, Environmental; D002104:Cadmium; D003300:Copper; D006046:Gold; D019216:Metals, Heavy; D008906:Mining; D031299:Mucuna; D018517:Plant Roots / Q000737:chemistry; D010944:Plants; D058441:Rhizosphere; D012987:Soil; D012989:Soil Pollutants / Q000032:analysis; D015032:Zinc
chemical_list: D019216:Metals, Heavy; D012987:Soil; D012989:Soil Pollutants; D002104:Cadmium; D006046:Gold; D003300:Copper; D015032:Zinc
keywords: Bioaugmentation; Metal bioavailable; Metal phytoextraction; Nutrients uptake; Rhizospheric soil