title: Irradiation Sterilized Gelatin-Water-Glycerol Ternary Gel as an Injectable Carrier for Bone Tissue Engineering.
abstract: Injectable gelatin gels offer an attractive option for filling bone defects. The challenge is to fabricate gelatin gels with optimal gelation properties, which can be irradiation sterilized. Here, a gelatin-water-glycerol (GWG) gel is reported for use as a broad-spectrum injectable carrier. This ternary gel is high in glycerol and low in water, and remains stable after gamma irradiation at doses (25 kGy). As an injectable gel, it remains a viscous solution at gelatin concentrations ≤2.0%, at room temperature. Its storage modulus increases dramatically and eventually exceeds the loss modulus around 46-50 °C, indicating a transition from a liquid-like state to an elastic gel-like state. This ternary gel ranges significantly in terms of storage modulus (12-1700 Pa) while demonstrating a narrow pH range (5.58-5.66), depending on the gelatin concentration. Therefore, it can be loaded with a variety of materials. It is highly cytocompatible compared with saline in vivo and culture media in vitro. When loaded with demineralized bone matrix, the composites show favorable injectability, and excellent osteogenesis performance, after irradiation. These features can be attributed to high hydrophilicity and fast degradability. These findings justify that this ternary gel is promising as an irradiation-sterilized and universal injectable delivery system.
authors.affiliation: Beijing Engineering Research Center of Orthopaedic Implants, First Affiliated Hospital of CPLA General Hospital, Beijing, 100048, P. R. China.
authors.forename: Yantao
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Zhao
authors.affiliation: Beijing Engineering Research Center of Orthopaedic Implants, First Affiliated Hospital of CPLA General Hospital, Beijing, 100048, P. R. China.
authors.forename: Liwei
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Han
authors.affiliation: School of Stomatology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, P. R. China.
authors.forename: Jun
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Yan
authors.affiliation: Beijing Engineering Research Center of Orthopaedic Implants, First Affiliated Hospital of CPLA General Hospital, Beijing, 100048, P. R. China.
authors.forename: Zhonghai
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: Beijing Engineering Research Center of Orthopaedic Implants, First Affiliated Hospital of CPLA General Hospital, Beijing, 100048, P. R. China.
authors.forename: Fuli
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210029, P. R. China.|Suzhou Institute & Collaborative Innovation Center of Suzhou Nano Science and Technology, Southeast University, Suzhou, 215000, P. R. China.
authors.forename: Yang
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Xia
authors.affiliation: Beijing Engineering Research Center of Orthopaedic Implants, First Affiliated Hospital of CPLA General Hospital, Beijing, 100048, P. R. China.
authors.forename: Shuxun
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Hou
authors.affiliation: Beijing Engineering Research Center of Orthopaedic Implants, First Affiliated Hospital of CPLA General Hospital, Beijing, 100048, P. R. China.
authors.forename: Hongbin
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Zhong
authors.affiliation: Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210029, P. R. China.|Suzhou Institute & Collaborative Innovation Center of Suzhou Nano Science and Technology, Southeast University, Suzhou, 215000, P. R. China.
authors.forename: Feimin
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: Suzhou Institute & Collaborative Innovation Center of Suzhou Nano Science and Technology, Southeast University, Suzhou, 215000, P. R. China.|State Key Laboratory of Bioelectronics, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Biomaterials and Devices, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210009, P. R. China.
authors.forename: Ning
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Gu
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001842:Bone and Bones / Q000378:metabolism*; D002460:Cell Line; D004203:Disinfection; D016503:Drug Delivery Systems / Q000379:methods*; D005720:Gamma Rays; D005780:Gelatin / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology; D008422:Materials Testing; D051379:Mice; D008807:Mice, Inbred BALB C; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D023822:Tissue Engineering / Q000379:methods*
chemical_list: D005780:Gelatin
keywords: carriers; gelatin; glycerol; injectable; irradiation