title: Perceived risks and reasons to smoke cigarettes during pregnancy among Alaska native women.
abstract: The purpose of this study was to explore perceptions of the risks of smoking and reasons Alaska Native women give for smoking during pregnancy.
  
  
  
  A total of 118 women (54 smokers, 64 non-smokers) enrolled in a biomarker study and completed a baseline interview asking about their concerns regarding tobacco use while pregnant and reasons why pregnant women might smoke during pregnancy. Responses were collapsed into six categories of perceived risks of smoking and eight categories of reasons to smoke during pregnancy.
  
  
  
  The majority of both pregnant non-smokers and smokers (72.6% and 60.4%) agreed that smoking during pregnancy could negatively impact the health of their baby. However, non-smokers were more likely than smokers (77.4% vs. 58.5%) to view smoking during pregnancy as a risk factor for the baby's development (p = .029). Both non-smokers and smokers identified addiction as a reason for smoking during pregnancy (82.8% and 63%); however, non-smokers were more likely than smokers to state this was a reason for use (p = .015). Seventy-three percent of the entire sample reported a reason to smoke in pregnancy was to help manage negative affect.
  
  
  
  Results from this work may be helpful in advancing research by identifying targets for intervention specific to Alaska Native women receiving prenatal care in Anchorage, Alaska.
authors.affiliation: a Department of Psychiatry and Psychology , Mayo Clinic , Rochester , MN , USA.|g Present address: Minneapolis VA Health Care System , Minneapolis , MN , USA.
authors.forename: Carrie
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Bronars
authors.affiliation: a Department of Psychiatry and Psychology , Mayo Clinic , Rochester , MN , USA.
authors.forename: Christi
authors.identifier: 0000-0002-7194-8160
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Patten
authors.affiliation: b Clinical & Research Services, Division of Community Health Services , Alaska Native Tribal Health Consortium , Anchorage , AK , USA.
authors.forename: Kathryn
authors.identifier: 0000-0002-4066-0930
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Koller
authors.affiliation: c Department of Psychiatry , University of Minnesota , Minneapolis , MN , USA.
authors.forename: Dorothy
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Hatsukami
authors.affiliation: b Clinical & Research Services, Division of Community Health Services , Alaska Native Tribal Health Consortium , Anchorage , AK , USA.
authors.forename: Christie A
authors.initials: CA
authors.lastname: Flanagan
authors.affiliation: d Division of Biomedical Statistics and Informatics , Mayo Clinic , Rochester , MN , USA.
authors.forename: Paul A
authors.initials: PA
authors.lastname: Decker
authors.affiliation: d Division of Biomedical Statistics and Informatics , Mayo Clinic , Rochester , MN , USA.
authors.forename: Andrew
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Hanson
authors.affiliation: b Clinical & Research Services, Division of Community Health Services , Alaska Native Tribal Health Consortium , Anchorage , AK , USA.
authors.forename: Abbie
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Wolfe
authors.affiliation: a Department of Psychiatry and Psychology , Mayo Clinic , Rochester , MN , USA.
authors.forename: Christine
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Hughes
authors.affiliation: e Department of Medicine , University of California San Francisco , San Francisco , CA , USA.
authors.forename: Neal
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Benowitz
authors.affiliation: f Southcentral Foundation, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology , Alaska Native Medical Center , Anchorage , AK , USA.
authors.forename: Neil J
authors.initials: NJ
authors.lastname: Murphy
authors.affiliation: b Clinical & Research Services, Division of Community Health Services , Alaska Native Tribal Health Consortium , Anchorage , AK , USA.
authors.forename: Timothy
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Thomas
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000072957:Alaska Natives / Q000523:psychology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D011247:Pregnancy; D011248:Pregnancy Complications; D011295:Prenatal Care; D012307:Risk Factors; D013315:Stress, Psychological / Q000517:prevention & control*; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D000073869:Tobacco Smoking / Q000009:adverse effects*
keywords: Alaska Native; cigarette smoke; perceptions; pregnancy