title: Dec1 expression predicts prognosis and the response to temozolomide chemotherapy in patients with glioma.
abstract: Differentiated embryo chondrocyte expressed gene 1 (Dec1), a crucial cell differentiation mediator and apoptosis inhibitor, is abundantly expressed in various types of human cancer and is associated with malignant tumor progression. As poor differentiation and low apoptosis are closely associated with poor survival rates and a poor response to radio/chemotherapy in patients with cancer, the prognostic value of Dec1 expression was examined in the present study and its correlation with response to temozolomide (TMZ) chemotherapy was analyzed in patients with glioma. Dec1 expression was analyzed by immunohistochemistry in 157 samples of newly diagnosed glioma and 63 recurrent glioblastoma cases that relapsed during TMZ chemotherapy. Correlations with clinical variables, prognosis and the response to TMZ chemotherapy were analyzed in the newly diagnosed gliomas. Dec1 expression was also compared with the apoptosis index determined by TdT‑mediated dUTP nick ending‑labeling assay in recurrent glioblastomas. The antiglioma effect of TMZ in nude mice xenografts with Dec1 expression was examined in vivo. High expression of Dec1, which was significantly associated with high pathological tumor grade and poor response to TMZ chemotherapy, was demonstrated to be an unfavorable independent prognostic factor and predicted poor survival in patients with newly diagnosed glioma. In patients with recurrent glioblastoma, there was a negative correlation between Dec1 expression and the apoptotic index. In nude mice treated with TMZ, Dec1 overexpression potentiated proliferation, but attenuated TMZ‑induced apoptosis. In conclusion, Dec1 is a prognostic factor for the clinical outcome and a predictive factor for the response to TMZ chemotherapy in patients with glioma.
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurosurgery, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710032, P.R. China.
authors.forename: Xiao-Ming
authors.initials: XM
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurosurgery, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710032, P.R. China.
authors.forename: Wei
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Lin
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurosurgery, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710032, P.R. China.
authors.forename: Jiang
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurosurgery, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710032, P.R. China.
authors.forename: Wei
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurosurgery, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710032, P.R. China.
authors.forename: An-An
authors.initials: AA
authors.lastname: Yin
authors.affiliation: Department of Anesthesiology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710032, P.R. China.
authors.forename: Yi
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Huang
authors.affiliation: Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Science, Center of Teaching Experiment, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710032, P.R. China.
authors.forename: Jian
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Science, Center of Teaching Experiment, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710032, P.R. China.
authors.forename: Libo
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Yao
authors.affiliation: Cadet Brigade Team Three, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710032, P.R. China.
authors.forename: Huan
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Bian
authors.affiliation: Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Science, Center of Teaching Experiment, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710032, P.R. China.
authors.forename: Jing
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurosurgery, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710032, P.R. China.
authors.forename: Xiang
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Zhang
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000818:Animals; D018906:Antineoplastic Agents, Alkylating / Q000627:therapeutic use; D051792:Basic Helix-Loop-Helix Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D045744:Cell Line, Tumor; D003606:Dacarbazine / Q000031:analogs & derivatives / Q000627:therapeutic use; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D005260:Female; D015870:Gene Expression; D005910:Glioma / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000401:mortality*; D018398:Homeodomain Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D006801:Humans; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D053208:Kaplan-Meier Estimate; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D060787:Neoplasm Grading; D009367:Neoplasm Staging; D011379:Prognosis; D016016:Proportional Hazards Models; D000077204:Temozolomide; D047368:Tumor Burden; D023041:Xenograft Model Antitumor Assays
chemical_list: D018906:Antineoplastic Agents, Alkylating; D051792:Basic Helix-Loop-Helix Proteins; D003606:Dacarbazine; D018398:Homeodomain Proteins; D000077204:Temozolomide; C107989:BHLHE40 protein, human