title: Immune-Related Adverse Events Associated with Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors.
abstract: Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs), including antibodies targeting cytotoxic T-lymphocyte-associated antigen 4 (CTLA-4) and programmed cell death protein-1 (PD-1), have shown durable treatment responses in multiple tumor types by enhancing antitumor immunity. However, removal of self-tolerance can induce autoimmunity and produce a unique immune-driven toxicity profile, termed immune-related adverse events (irAEs). As ICIs gain approval for a growing number of indications, it is imperative clinicians increase their knowledge of and ability to manage irAEs. This review examines the etiology, presentation, kinetics, and treatment of irAEs and aims to provide practical guidance for clinicians.
authors.affiliation: Bras Drug Development Program, Division of Medical Oncology and Hematology, Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, 610 University Avenue, Suite, Toronto, ON, M5G 2M9, Canada.|Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.|OICR Research Fellow, Ontario Institute for Cancer Research, 661 University Ave, Suite 510, Toronto, ON, M5G 0A3, Canada.
authors.forename: Daphne
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Day
authors.affiliation: Bras Drug Development Program, Division of Medical Oncology and Hematology, Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, 610 University Avenue, Suite, Toronto, ON, M5G 2M9, Canada. aaron.hansen@uhn.ca.|Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada. aaron.hansen@uhn.ca.
authors.forename: Aaron R
authors.identifier: http://orcid.org/0000-0001-8262-2441
authors.initials: AR
authors.lastname: Hansen
mesh_terms: D000911:Antibodies, Monoclonal / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D061067:Antibodies, Monoclonal, Humanized / Q000009:adverse effects*; D001327:Autoimmune Diseases / Q000209:etiology; D060890:B7-H1 Antigen / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000032:analysis; D060908:CTLA-4 Antigen / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism; D059248:Chemoradiotherapy / Q000009:adverse effects; D002986:Clinical Trials as Topic; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D015658:HIV Infections / Q000209:etiology; D006801:Humans; D007108:Immune Tolerance / Q000187:drug effects; D000074324:Ipilimumab; D058990:Molecular Targeted Therapy / Q000379:methods; D000077594:Nivolumab; D061026:Programmed Cell Death 1 Receptor / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D000911:Antibodies, Monoclonal; D061067:Antibodies, Monoclonal, Humanized; D060890:B7-H1 Antigen; D015415:Biomarkers; C423236:CD274 protein, human; D060908:CTLA-4 Antigen; C556706:CTLA4 protein, human; D000074324:Ipilimumab; C105992:PDCD1 protein, human; D061026:Programmed Cell Death 1 Receptor; D000077594:Nivolumab; C582435:pembrolizumab; C520704:tremelimumab