title: Fasting glycemia and glycated hemoglobin categories: Relationship to serum lipoprotein(a) level and disparity in 2 geographic regional groups of Turkey.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The goal of the present study was to determine covariates of serum lipoprotein (Lp) (a) within fasting glucose and glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) categories, and to detect features that were different among covariates based on residence in Marmara and Central Anatolia (Marm-CA) regions or remaining 5 geographic regions of Turkey.
  
  
  METHODS
  Data of randomly-selected group of 1167 men and women (mean age 61 years) who participated in biennial surveys of 2013 and 2015 were cross-sectionally analyzed in 6 categories.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In multiple linear regression analysis of nondiabetic women, homeostatic model assessment (HOMA) index score was inversely associated with Lp(a) (ß coefficient 0.49; p=0.001); this was not true for men. In the whole sample, Lp(a) was significantly positively associated with female sex and with serum creatinine, and inversely in each sex with HOMA index (ß coefficient 0.63; p<0.001). Linear models within separate categories showed significant associations of Lp(a) only in individuals with no evidence of diabetes other than HbA1c >6.5%: in women, positive association with total cholesterol and inverse relationship with creatinine were found, and in men, positive association with apolipoprotein (apo) B was determined. Similar age, diastolic blood pressure, fasting glucose, triglyceride, uric acid, and C-reactive protein values were obtained from participants of 2 regional groups. Residents of the Marm-CA region who were nondiabetic exhibited significantly (by 23%) lower serum Lp(a) among individuals with HbA1c ≥5.7%, significantly higher HOMA index score, concentrations of apoB, and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Hallmark of prediabetic and diabetic glycemia/HbA1c categories seems to be an independent inverse association between Lp(a) protein (yet not of apoB) and HOMA score, this being primarily so in residents of Marm-CA region.
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardiology, Cerrahpaşa Faculty of Medicine, İstanbul University; İstanbul-Turkey. alt_onat@yahoo.com.tr.
authors.forename: Altan
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Onat
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine, Mehmet Akif İnan Training and Research Hospital; Şanlıurfa-Turkey.
authors.forename: Yusuf
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Karadeniz
authors.affiliation: Department of Public Health, Cerrahpaşa Faculty of Medicine, İstanbul University; İstanbul-Turkey.
authors.forename: Günay
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Can
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardiology, Faculty of Medicine, Kafkas University; Kars-Turkey.
authors.forename: Süleyman
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Karakoyun
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardiology, Balıklıgöl State Hospital; Şanlıurfa-Turkey.
authors.forename: Fatma
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Özpamuk-Karadeniz
authors.affiliation: Biochemistry Section, Institute of Cardiology, İstanbul University; İstanbul-Turkey.
authors.forename: Ayşem
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Kaya
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardiology, Cerrahpaşa Faculty of Medicine, İstanbul University; İstanbul-Turkey.
authors.forename: Hüsniye
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Yüksel
mesh_terms: D015415:Biomarkers / Q000097:blood*; D001786:Blood Glucose / Q000378:metabolism; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D003710:Demography; D003924:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / Q000097:blood / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000235:genetics; D005215:Fasting; D005260:Female; D005951:Glucose Tolerance Test; D006442:Glycated Hemoglobin / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D016014:Linear Models; D017270:Lipoprotein(a) / Q000097:blood*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D012737:Sex Factors; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D014421:Turkey / Q000453:epidemiology
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; D001786:Blood Glucose; D006442:Glycated Hemoglobin; D017270:Lipoprotein(a)