title: Effects of dietary almond- and olive oil-based docosahexaenoic acid- and vitamin E-enriched beverage supplementation on athletic performance and oxidative stress markers.
abstract: Functional beverages based on almonds and olive oil and enriched with α-tocopherol and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) could be useful in modulating oxidative stress and enhancing physical performance in sportsmen. The aim of this work was to evaluate the effects of supplementation with functional beverages on physical performance, plasma and erythrocyte fatty acids' and polyphenol handling, oxidative and nitrative damage, and antioxidant and mitochondrial gene expression in young and senior athletes. Athletes performed maximal exercise tests before and after one month of dietary supplementation and blood samples were taken immediately before and one hour after each test. The beverages did not alter performance parameters during maximal exercise. Supplementation increased polyunsaturated and reduced saturated plasma fatty acids while increasing the DHA erythrocyte content; it maintained basal plasma and blood polyphenol levels, but increased the blood cell polyphenol concentration in senior athletes. Supplementation protects against oxidative damage although it enhances nitrative damage in young athletes. The beverages enhance the gene expression of antioxidant enzymes in peripheral blood mononuclear cells after exercise in young athletes.
authors.affiliation: Research Group on Community Nutrition and Oxidative Stress, Science Laboratory of Physical Activity, Department of Fundamental Biology and Health Sciences, University of Balearic Islands, 07122 Palma de Mallorca, Spain and CIBER: CB12/03/30038 Fisiopatología de la Obesidad la Nutrición, CIBEROBN, Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), University of Balearic Islands, 07122 Palma de Mallorca, Spain. antonipons@uib.es.
authors.forename: X
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Capó
authors.affiliation: Research Group on Community Nutrition and Oxidative Stress, Science Laboratory of Physical Activity, Department of Fundamental Biology and Health Sciences, University of Balearic Islands, 07122 Palma de Mallorca, Spain and Departamento de Nutrición y Dietética, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad de Concepción, 4070386 Concepción, Chile.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Martorell
authors.affiliation: Research Group on Community Nutrition and Oxidative Stress, Science Laboratory of Physical Activity, Department of Fundamental Biology and Health Sciences, University of Balearic Islands, 07122 Palma de Mallorca, Spain and CIBER: CB12/03/30038 Fisiopatología de la Obesidad la Nutrición, CIBEROBN, Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), University of Balearic Islands, 07122 Palma de Mallorca, Spain. antonipons@uib.es.
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Busquets-Cortés
authors.affiliation: Research Group on Community Nutrition and Oxidative Stress, Science Laboratory of Physical Activity, Department of Fundamental Biology and Health Sciences, University of Balearic Islands, 07122 Palma de Mallorca, Spain and CIBER: CB12/03/30038 Fisiopatología de la Obesidad la Nutrición, CIBEROBN, Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), University of Balearic Islands, 07122 Palma de Mallorca, Spain. antonipons@uib.es.
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Sureda
authors.affiliation: Sports Physiology Dept. CAR, Sant Cugat del Valles, GIRSANE, Barcelona 08174, Spain.
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Riera
authors.affiliation: Sports Physiology Dept. CAR, Sant Cugat del Valles, GIRSANE, Barcelona 08174, Spain.
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Drobnic
authors.affiliation: Research Group on Community Nutrition and Oxidative Stress, Science Laboratory of Physical Activity, Department of Fundamental Biology and Health Sciences, University of Balearic Islands, 07122 Palma de Mallorca, Spain and CIBER: CB12/03/30038 Fisiopatología de la Obesidad la Nutrición, CIBEROBN, Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), University of Balearic Islands, 07122 Palma de Mallorca, Spain. antonipons@uib.es.
authors.forename: J A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Tur
authors.affiliation: Research Group on Community Nutrition and Oxidative Stress, Science Laboratory of Physical Activity, Department of Fundamental Biology and Health Sciences, University of Balearic Islands, 07122 Palma de Mallorca, Spain and CIBER: CB12/03/30038 Fisiopatología de la Obesidad la Nutrición, CIBEROBN, Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), University of Balearic Islands, 07122 Palma de Mallorca, Spain. antonipons@uib.es.
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Pons
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000375:Aging; D054874:Athletic Performance; D001628:Beverages / Q000032:analysis*; D015415:Biomarkers; D019587:Dietary Supplements; D004281:Docosahexaenoic Acids / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology*; D005080:Exercise Test / Q000187:drug effects; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D000069463:Olive Oil / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology*; D018384:Oxidative Stress / Q000187:drug effects*; D010938:Plant Oils / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology*; D014810:Vitamin E / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology*; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; D000069463:Olive Oil; D010938:Plant Oils; D014810:Vitamin E; D004281:Docosahexaenoic Acids; C068582:almond oil