title: On the design and operation of primary settling tanks in state of the art wastewater treatment and water resources recovery.
abstract: In state of the art wastewater treatment, primary settling tanks (PSTs) are considered as an integral part of the biological wastewater and sludge treatment process, as well as of the biogas and electric energy production. Consequently they strongly influence the efficiency of the entire wastewater treatment plant. However, in the last decades the inner physical processes of PSTs, largely determining their efficiency, have been poorly addressed. In common practice PSTs are still solely designed and operated based on the surface overflow rate and the hydraulic retention time (HRT) as a black box. The paper shows the results of a comprehensive investigation programme, including 16 PSTs. Their removal efficiency and inner physical processes (like the settling process of primary sludge), internal flow structures within PSTs and their impact on performance were investigated. The results show that: (1) the removal rates of PSTs are generally often underestimated in current design guidelines, (2) the removal rate of different PSTs shows a strongly fluctuating pattern even in the same range of the HRT, and (3) inlet design of PSTs becomes highly relevant in the removal efficiency at rather high surface overflow rates, above 5 m/h, which is the upper design limit of PSTs for dry weather load.
authors.affiliation: Department of Sanitary and Environmental Engineering, Budapest University of Technology, Műgyetem rkp. 3., H-1111 Budapest, Hungary E-mail: patziger.m@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Miklos
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Patziger
authors.affiliation: Universität der Bundeswehr München, Institute of Hydro Sciences, Sanitary Management, Werner-Heisenberg-Weg 39, 85577 Neubiberg, Germany.
authors.forename: Frank Wolfgang
authors.initials: FW
authors.lastname: Günthert
authors.affiliation: Ruhrverband, Kronprinzenstr 37, 45128 Essen, Germany.
authors.forename: Norbert
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Jardin
authors.affiliation: Graz University of Technology, Institute of Sanitary and Water Landscape Engineering, Stremayrgasse 10/I, A-8010 Graz, Austria.
authors.forename: Harald
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Kainz
authors.affiliation: Bauhaus Universität Weimar, Urban Water Management and Sanitation, Coudraystr. 7, 99421 Weimar, Germany.
authors.forename: Jörg
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Londong
mesh_terms: D012722:Sewage / Q000737:chemistry; D064091:Waste Disposal Facilities; D014865:Waste Disposal, Fluid / Q000379:methods*; D062065:Wastewater / Q000737:chemistry*; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical / Q000737:chemistry*; D018508:Water Purification / Q000379:methods
chemical_list: D012722:Sewage; D062065:Wastewater; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical