title: Non-Pharmacological Treatments of Allergic Rhinitis (Neglected Treatments).
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Allergic rhinitis is the most common diseases affecting people in industrialized society. However, this is not a new disease and it was clinically described and treated for the first time by Rhazes (865-925 CE). The disease was also mentioned in "The Canon of Medicine" by Avicenna (980-1037).
  
  
  METHODS
  We searched in Scopus, Web of Science, and PubMed for "allergic rhinitis", "interactions", "non-prescription", "prescription", and in electronic copies of ITM sources the "canon" and "Al-Havi".
  
  
  RESULTS
  Both Persian pioneers of Medicine recommended non-pharmacologic management as an important phase of the therapy. Their recommendations consisted of avoiding overeating and polydipsia, massage of the lower extremities, adjusting the duration and time of sleep, sleeping in the supine position, avoiding exposure of the head to cold air and taking a shower early in the morning.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Although some aspects of their recommendations, such as massage of the lower extremities, avoiding of overeating and adjusting of sleep pattern were approved, but further cross-sectional and prospective studies are needed to confirm other non-pharmacological treatments.
authors.affiliation: Department of Traditional Persian Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran; Research Center for Traditional Medicine and History of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran; Essence of Parsiyan Wisdom Institute, Traditional Medicine and Medicinal Plant Incubator, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran.
authors.forename: Mohammad Ebrahim
authors.initials: ME
authors.lastname: Zohalinezhad
authors.affiliation: Department of Phytopharmaceuticals (Traditional Pharmacy), School of Pharmacy, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran; Medicinal Plants Processing Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran.
authors.forename: Mohammad M
authors.initials: MM
authors.lastname: Zarshenas
keywords: Allergic; Medicine; Rhinitis; Therapeutics; Traditional