title: Removal of harmful alga, Chattonella marina, by recyclable natural magnetic sphalerite.
abstract: Fish-killing harmful algal blooms (HABs) of Chattonella marina causes serious hazards and risks to fish farming and environment throughout the world. At present, it is necessary to explore cost-effective and recyclable materials for controlling C. marina blooms to reduce the cost and control the potential side effect to the environment. A novel earth-abundant natural magnetic sphalerite (NMS) for removing C. marina was systematically investigated, including the effect of NMS dosage, temperature, pH and salinity on algal removal efficiency. Algal cells could be rapidly removed by NMS (1-2g/L) through adsorption and physical interaction. The algal destruction process was enhanced under the following reaction conditions: temperature>25°C, salinity>30 ppt and pH value<7.5. The reusability of magnetic recycled NMS and effect of light irradiation on algal cell removal were also determined. NMS exhibited excellent stability after repeated algal cell removal, and the efficiency was further enhanced by light illumination. The current study suggested that using NMS to control C. marina blooms could be a novel promising strategy, which is cost-effective, stable, and easy for recycling.
authors.affiliation: School of Life Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, NT, Hong Kong SAR, China.
authors.forename: Bo
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: School of Life Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, NT, Hong Kong SAR, China.
authors.forename: Dan
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Wu
authors.affiliation: School of Life Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, NT, Hong Kong SAR, China.
authors.forename: Ka Him
authors.initials: KH
authors.lastname: Chu
authors.affiliation: College of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanyang Normal University, Nanyang 473061, China.
authors.forename: Liqun
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Ye
authors.affiliation: School of Life Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, NT, Hong Kong SAR, China.
authors.forename: Ho Yin
authors.initials: HY
authors.lastname: Yip
authors.affiliation: Ocean Science and Technology Division, Graduate School at Shenzhen, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen 518055, China.
authors.forename: Zhonghua
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Cai
authors.affiliation: School of Life Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, NT, Hong Kong SAR, China. Electronic address: pkwong@cuhk.edu.hk.
authors.forename: Po Keung
authors.initials: PK
authors.lastname: Wong
mesh_terms: D000327:Adsorption; D002681:China; D052918:Environmental Restoration and Remediation / Q000379:methods*; D057097:Harmful Algal Bloom / Q000187:drug effects*; D060328:Magnetic Phenomena; D008962:Models, Theoretical; D059027:Recycling; D058009:Stramenopiles / Q000187:drug effects*; D013440:Sulfides / Q000737:chemistry*; D017967:Zinc Compounds / Q000737:chemistry*
chemical_list: D013440:Sulfides; D017967:Zinc Compounds; C031238:zinc sulfide
keywords: Chattonella marina; Harmful algal blooms; Natural magnetic sphalerite; Recyclable