title: Etiologic Factors That Lead to Failure After Primary Anterior Cruciate Ligament Surgery.
abstract: Anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstruction is common in the active young population. Failure of ACL reconstruction can be due to continued or recurrent instability, stiffness, or patient-reported failure in the setting of seemingly successful surgical reconstruction, such as pain that limits activity. Multiple preoperative, intraoperative, and postoperative variables can be optimized to give the greatest likelihood of success. Some of these include timing of surgery, identification, and treatment of associated ligamentous, meniscal and chondral injuries, tunnel placement, graft choice, fixation, tensioning, and postoperative rehabilitation. This article reviews common causes of ACL reconstruction failure concentrating on modifiable factors.
authors.affiliation: Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of Connecticut, Farmington, CT, USA.
authors.forename: James D
authors.initials: JD
authors.lastname: Wylie
authors.affiliation: Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of Utah, 590 Wakara Way, Salt Lake City, UT 84108, USA.
authors.forename: Lucas S
authors.initials: LS
authors.lastname: Marchand
authors.affiliation: Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of Utah, 590 Wakara Way, Salt Lake City, UT 84108, USA. Electronic address: Robert.Burks@hsc.utah.edu.
authors.forename: Robert T
authors.initials: RT
authors.lastname: Burks
mesh_terms: D000070598:Anterior Cruciate Ligament Injuries / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000601:surgery*; D059549:Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction / Q000009:adverse effects; D018771:Arthralgia / Q000209:etiology; D001265:Athletic Injuries / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000601:surgery; D006801:Humans; D007239:Infections / Q000209:etiology; D007593:Joint Instability / Q000209:etiology; D017060:Patient Satisfaction; D011183:Postoperative Complications; D012086:Reoperation; D000068958:Return to Sport; D017211:Treatment Failure
keywords: Anterior cruciate ligament; Etiologic factors; Failure; Reconstruction; Revision