title: Recommendations for Self-Report Outcome Measures in Vulvodynia Clinical Trials.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Vulvodynia (idiopathic chronic vulvar pain) is a prevalent condition associated with significant and negative impacts in many areas of function. Despite the increased research interest in vulvodynia in recent years, recommendations for outcome measures for use in clinical trials are missing. The purpose of this paper, therefore, was to provide recommendations for outcome measures for vulvodynia clinical trials so that consistent measures are used across trials to facilitate between-study comparisons and the conduct of large multicenter trials, and to improve measurement of the multiple dimensions of vulvodynia.
  
  
  METHODS
  Given that provoked vestibulodynia (PVD)-characterized by provoked pain localized to the vaginal opening-is the most common subtype of vulvodynia and the current main focus of clinical trials, this paper focused on recommended outcome measures in PVD clinical trials. The framework used to guide the selection of outcome measures was based on the one proposed by the Initiative on Methods, Measurement, and Pain Assessment in Clinical Trials (IMMPACT).
  
  
  RESULTS
  The IMMPACT framework provided a well-suited guideline for outcome measure recommendations in PVD clinical trials. However, given the provoked presentation of PVD and the significant impact it has on sexuality, modifications to some of the IMMPACT recommendations were made and specific additional measures were suggested.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Measures that are specific to vulvovaginal pain are ideal for adoption in PVD clinical trials, and many such measures currently exist that allow the relevant IMMPACT domains to be captured.
authors.affiliation: *Department of Psychology, Queen's University, Kingston, ON †Department of Psychology, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC ‡Department of Clinical Pharmacy, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN §Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Sciences, Rutgers Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, New Brunswick, NJ ∥Departments of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, Neurology, and Psychology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL.
authors.forename: Caroline F
authors.initials: CF
authors.lastname: Pukall
authors.forename: Sophie
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Bergeron
authors.forename: Candace
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Brown
authors.forename: Gloria
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Bachmann
authors.forename: Ursula
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: Wesselmann
mesh_terms: D000223:Adaptation, Psychological; D001007:Anxiety; D058443:Catastrophization; D059350:Chronic Pain / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000523:psychology / Q000628:therapy; D002986:Clinical Trials as Topic / Q000379:methods / Q000592:standards; D003863:Depression; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D010147:Pain Measurement; D000071066:Patient Reported Outcome Measures; D017060:Patient Satisfaction; D017410:Practice Guidelines as Topic; D057566:Self Report; D012725:Sexual Behavior; D056650:Vulvodynia / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000523:psychology / Q000628:therapy*