title: Microfluidic device for label-free quantitation and distinction of bladder cancer cells from the blood cells using micro machined silicon based electrical approach; suitable in urinalysis assays.
abstract: This paper introduces an integrated microfluidic chip as a promising tool to measure the concentration of bladder cancer cells (BCC) in urine samples. Silicon microchannels were used as trapping gates for both floated BCC and leukocytes which are found in the urine of patients. By the assistance of the gold electrodes patterned at the bottom of the micro gates, the capacitance of captured cancerous and blood cells were measured. Different membrane capacitance between BCC and leukocyte was the indicative signal for diagnosing the nature of captured cells in a urine like solution. The concentration range of the target that could be detected was about 10 BCCs per one chip. Such response has been achieved without applying any biochemical or florescent markers. Thus, it could be a simple and cheap approach to support cytological and immune-fluorescent assays. The limit of detection was approximately 1 cancerous cell/11 leukocytes in 1ml of the urine like solution. The entire measurement time was less than an hour. Consequently, this electrical microfluidic device promises significant potential in urinalysis.
authors.affiliation: Nano Electronic Center of Excellence, Nano Bio Electronic Devices Lab, School of Electrical and Computer Eng, University of Tehran, Tehran, P.O. Box 14395/515, Iran; Nano Electronic Center of Excellence, Thin Film and Nanoelectronic Lab, School of Electrical and Computer Eng, University of Tehran, Tehran, P.O. Box 14395/515, Iran.
authors.forename: Seied Ali
authors.initials: SA
authors.lastname: Hosseini
authors.affiliation: Nano Electronic Center of Excellence, Nano Bio Electronic Devices Lab, School of Electrical and Computer Eng, University of Tehran, Tehran, P.O. Box 14395/515, Iran; Nano Electronic Center of Excellence, Thin Film and Nanoelectronic Lab, School of Electrical and Computer Eng, University of Tehran, Tehran, P.O. Box 14395/515, Iran.
authors.forename: Somayeh
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Zanganeh
authors.affiliation: Nano Electronic Center of Excellence, Nano Bio Electronic Devices Lab, School of Electrical and Computer Eng, University of Tehran, Tehran, P.O. Box 14395/515, Iran; Nano Electronic Center of Excellence, Thin Film and Nanoelectronic Lab, School of Electrical and Computer Eng, University of Tehran, Tehran, P.O. Box 14395/515, Iran.
authors.forename: Elaheh
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Akbarnejad
authors.affiliation: Nano Electronic Center of Excellence, Nano Bio Electronic Devices Lab, School of Electrical and Computer Eng, University of Tehran, Tehran, P.O. Box 14395/515, Iran; Nano Electronic Center of Excellence, Thin Film and Nanoelectronic Lab, School of Electrical and Computer Eng, University of Tehran, Tehran, P.O. Box 14395/515, Iran.
authors.forename: Fatemeh
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Salehi
authors.affiliation: Nano Electronic Center of Excellence, Nano Bio Electronic Devices Lab, School of Electrical and Computer Eng, University of Tehran, Tehran, P.O. Box 14395/515, Iran; Nano Electronic Center of Excellence, Thin Film and Nanoelectronic Lab, School of Electrical and Computer Eng, University of Tehran, Tehran, P.O. Box 14395/515, Iran. Electronic address: m.abdolahad@ut.a.ir.
authors.forename: Mohammad
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Abdolahad
mesh_terms: D001773:Blood Cells / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D056656:Lab-On-A-Chip Devices; D007962:Leukocytes / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000378:metabolism*; D046210:Microfluidic Analytical Techniques / Q000379:methods*; D012825:Silicon / Q000737:chemistry*; D016482:Urinalysis / Q000379:methods; D001749:Urinary Bladder Neoplasms / Q000097:blood* / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000652:urine*
chemical_list: D012825:Silicon
keywords: Bladder cancer; Impedance detection; Microfluidic; Silicon micromachining; Urinalysis