title: Determination of binding properties of ampicillin in drug-human serum albumin standard solution using N-vinylpyrrolidone copolymer combined with the micellar systems.
abstract: It is well-known that only the unbound (free) drug fraction can achieve a pharmacological effect. Therefore the determination of free drug concentration is a very important issue in the field of pharmacology. In this study poly-1-vinyl-2-pyrrolidone (VP) crosslinked with divinylbenzene (DVB) compared with the micellar liquid chromatography (MLC) with and without pre-made drug adsorption was used for quantitative analysis of free ampicillin concentration in the standard solution of drug-human serum albumin owing to its ability to block protein adsorption. The commonly recognized adsorption method based on drug adsorption on VP-DVB has been compared to the entirely new application of MLC with direct sample injection (DSI) not requiring pre-made adsorption. Micellar aggregates are able to solubilize various compounds therefore micellar environment can be used for direct determination of free drug concentration. The obtained results show that the free drug concentration values obtained in the micellar systems based on cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB) (93.98μgL-1, 78.3%) as well as on polyoxyethylene (23) lauryl ether (Brij35) (91.15μgL-1, 75.9%) are similar to those obtained after the drug adsorption on VP-DVB using both RP-HPLC (95.85μgmL-1, 79.9%) and spectrophotometry (96.47μgmL-1, 80.4%). However, only %PPB (% plasma protein binding) value calculated on the basis of Brij35 retention factor is similar to the literature data. The obtained results are within the analytical range of % of free drug concentration. Therefore N-vinylpyrrolidone copolymer as well as micellar system based on the non-ionic surfactant can be successfully applied for determination of free drug concentration. Moreover, the new application of MLC with DSI can be recognized as a promising, fast and simple method for quantitative determination of free drug concentration.
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Chemistry, Chair of Physical Chemistry, Department of Planar Chromatography, Maria Curie - Skłodowska University, M. Curie - Skłodowska Sq. 3, 20-031 Lublin, Poland. Electronic address: katarzyna.stepnik@poczta.umcs.lublin.pl.
authors.forename: Katarzyna E
authors.initials: KE
authors.lastname: Stępnik
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Chemistry, Chair of Physical Chemistry, Department of Planar Chromatography, Maria Curie - Skłodowska University, M. Curie - Skłodowska Sq. 3, 20-031 Lublin, Poland.
authors.forename: Irena
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Malinowska
mesh_terms: D000327:Adsorption; D000667:Ampicillin / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000378:metabolism; D002853:Chromatography, Liquid / Q000379:methods; D006801:Humans; D008823:Micelles; D018625:Microscopy, Atomic Force; D011108:Polymers / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000378:metabolism; D011485:Protein Binding; D011760:Pyrrolidinones / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000378:metabolism; D000075462:Serum Albumin, Human / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000378:metabolism; D012996:Solutions / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D008823:Micelles; D011108:Polymers; D011760:Pyrrolidinones; D012996:Solutions; C042670:N-vinyl-2-pyrrolidinone; D000667:Ampicillin; D000075462:Serum Albumin, Human
keywords: Adsorption; Blood proteins; Drug-protein binding; Micellar liquid chromatography; Unbound drug