title: Prevalence, Associated Risk Factors, and Phylogenetic Analysis ofToxocara vitulorumInfection in Yaks on the Qinghai Tibetan Plateau, China.
abstract: Toxocara vitulorumhas been rarely reported in yaks at high altitudes and remote areas of Sichuan Province of Tibetan Plateau of China. The current study was designed to investigate the prevalence, associated risk factors, and phylogenetic characteristics ofT. vitulorumin yak calves on the Qinghai Tibetan plateau. Fecal samples were collected from 891 yak calves and were examined for the presence ofT. vitulorumeggs by the McMaster technique. A multivariable logistic regression model was employed to explore variables potentially associated with exposure toT. vituloruminfection.T. vitulorumspecimens were collected from the feces of yaks in Hongyuan of Sichuan Province, China. DNA was extracted from ascaris. After PCR amplification, the sequencing ofND1gene was carried out and phylogenetic analyses was performed by MEGA 6.0 software. The results showed that 64 (20.1%; 95% CI 15.8-24.9%), 75 (17.2; 13.8-21.1), 29 (40.9; 29.3-53.2), and 5 (7.6; 2.5-16.8) yak calves were detected out to excreteT. vitulorumeggs in yak calve feces in Qinghai, Tibet, Sichuan, and Gansu, respectively. The present study revealed that high infection and mortality byT. vitulorumis wildly spread on the Qinghai Tibetan plateau, China by fecal examination. Geographical origin, ages, and fecal consistencies are the risk factors associated withT. vitulorumprevalence by logistic regression analysis. Molecular detection and phylogenetic analysis ofND1gene ofT. vitulorumindicated thatT. vitulorumin the yak calves on the Qinghai Tibetan plateau are homologous to preveiously studies reported.
authors.affiliation: College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Kun
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Yanfang
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Lan
authors.affiliation: College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Houqiang
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Luo
authors.affiliation: College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Hui
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Dongyu
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.affiliation: College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Lihong
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Rui
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Gui
authors.affiliation: College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Lei
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: University College of Veterinary & Animal Sciences, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Pakistan.
authors.forename: Muhammad
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Shahzad
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Detection and Monitoring of Highland Animal Disease, Tibet Agriculture and Animal Husbandry College, Linzhi 860000 Tibet, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Suolang
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Sizhu
authors.affiliation: College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, People's Republic of China.|Laboratory of Detection and Monitoring of Highland Animal Disease, Tibet Agriculture and Animal Husbandry College, Linzhi 860000 Tibet, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Jiakui
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Detection and Monitoring of Highland Animal Disease, Tibet Agriculture and Animal Husbandry College, Linzhi 860000 Tibet, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Yangzom
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Chamba
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002417:Cattle; D016000:Cluster Analysis; D005243:Feces / Q000469:parasitology; D005260:Female; D015801:Helminth Proteins / Q000235:genetics; D008297:Male; D010802:Phylogeny; D015995:Prevalence; D012307:Risk Factors; D017422:Sequence Analysis, DNA; D017385:Sequence Homology; D018609:Tibet / Q000453:epidemiology; D014119:Toxocara / Q000145:classification* / Q000235:genetics / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D014120:Toxocariasis / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000469:parasitology*
chemical_list: D015801:Helminth Proteins
keywords: ND1; Qinghai Tibetan plateau; Toxocara vitulorum; prevalence; risk factor; yak