title: Titanium posts and bonded amalgam core longevity: A 22-year clinical survival retrospective study.
abstract: The authors conducted a retrospective study to evaluate the long-term (18-22 years) clinic results of titanium post and bonded amalgam core restorations with metal-ceramic crowns placed in patients.
  
  
  
  From 1992 through 1996, the authors placed 88 restorations in 66 patients. They measured the ferrule effect in the minor dentin collar area. In 2014, the authors analyzed the following variables: ferrule length, length and thickness of the post, and tooth position.
  
  
  
  The overall survival of the restorations decreased over time with survival rates of 89.6% after 5 years of follow-up appointments and 64.2% after 18 years of follow-up appointments. There were 42 failures, and the maxillary premolars had the most failures. The teeth with 2 or more millimeters ferrule length had a higher survival rate than those with a 0 to less than 2 mm ferrule length; these results were not statistically significant.
  
  
  
  Statistically significant differences were detected according to the location of the tooth. The cores in the anterior teeth were 3.26 times more likely to fail than those in the molars, which presented higher survival rates; maxillary premolars had the most failures (28.5%). Both the metallic post length and its diameter did not influence restoration survival. The ferrule length was not statistically significant.
  
  
  
  The clinical technique to restore endodontically treated teeth that includes a titanium post and bonded amalgam restorations results in greater coronal destruction but shows good long-term results, ease of fabrication, and modest cost in comparison with other techniques.
authors.forename: Martín
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Caserío Valea
authors.forename: Victor
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Alonso de la Peña
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D003723:Dental Amalgam / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D019232:Dental Restoration Failure / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D003793:Dental Restoration, Permanent / Q000379:methods / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D011176:Post and Core Technique / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D013997:Time Factors; D014025:Titanium
chemical_list: D003723:Dental Amalgam; D014025:Titanium
keywords: Amalgam core; composite resin; ferrule; hard copper band; survival curve; titanium post