title: Implementation and acceptability of strategies instituted for engaging men in family planning services in Kibaha district, Tanzania.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Men as the main decision makers in most of African families have an important role to play towards acceptance of family planning methods. This study sought to identify strategies used to engage men in family planning services and determine the extent to which men in Kibaha district in Tanzania accept these interventions.
  
  
  METHODS
  We conducted a cross sectional study using both quantitative and qualitative techniques. We used a questionnaire to interview a random sample of 365 of currently married or cohabiting men who had at least one child under the age of five years. We further conducted in-depth interviews with health workers involved in delivering reproductive health services as well as community dispensers of family planning commodities. Descriptive analysis was used to determine the extent to which men were engaged in family planning services. The data from the indepth interviews were analysed manually according to the predetermined themes, guided by the grounded theory to identify the existing strategies used to encourage male involvement in family planning services.
  
  
  RESULTS
  According to the key informants, strategies that are used to encourage men to engage in family planning services include invitations through their spouses, either verbally or by using partner notification cards, incorporating family planning messages during monthly meetings and community outreach reproductive health programs. Of 365 men responding to the questionnaire, only 31 (8.4%) said they were invited to accompany their spouses to family planning clinics. Among them, 71% (22/31) visited family planning clinics. A third (32%) of the respondents had heard of community health meetings and only 20.7% of them attended these meetings. More than a third (12/34) of men who attended these meeting asserted that family planning messages targeting men featured in the agenda and subsequently half of them visited health facilities for family planning services.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Existing strategies such as invitations to clinics and community sensitization have shown to encourage men to engage in family planning services. However, these interventions reach few men and hence there is a need to rolling them up to improve uptake of family planning services.
authors.affiliation: National Institute for Medical Research (NIMR), P.O. Box 9653, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania. jmsovela@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Judith
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Msovela
authors.affiliation: Muhimbili University of Health and Allied Sciences (MUHAS), P.O. Box 65015, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania.
authors.forename: Anna
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Tengia-Kessy
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D003268:Contraception Behavior; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D003657:Decision Making; D005191:Family Characteristics; D005193:Family Planning Services / Q000379:methods*; D005260:Female; D007722:Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008571:Men / Q000523:psychology*; D010342:Patient Acceptance of Health Care; D036301:Qualitative Research; D018454:Spouses; D013636:Tanzania
keywords: Acceptability; Engaging men; Family planning; Kibaha; Strategies