title: Extravesical (modified Gregoir Lich) versus intravesical (Cohen's) ureteric reimplantation for vesicoureteral reflux in children: A single center experience.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  There are multiple techniques for surgical correction of vesicoureteral reflux (VUR). We compared the outcomes of extravesical versus Cohen's reimplantation for VUR in children.
  
  
  METHODS
  Records of all children (n= 118) who underwent reimplantation for VUR between 2003 and 2014 were analyzed (male: female = 43:75). Children with secondary VUR, duplication anomalies, and ectopic ureter were excluded from our study. Extravesical reimplantation (EVR) was performed bilateral in 32 children (Group 1a) and unilateral in 19 (Group 1b), while bilateral Cohen's reimplantation was performed in 67 (Group 2). Parameters compared were length of the surgical procedure, average duration of stay in the hospital, postoperative bladder spasms, significant hematuria >72 h, and long-term complications.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The mean age at operation was 15 months in Group 1, and 36 months in Group 2. The mean duration of surgery was significantly less (P= 0.0001) in Group 1a (n= 32; mean 104 min; standard deviation [SD] 18 min) compared to Group 2 (n= 67; mean 128 min; SD 15 min). The mean (SD) postoperative stay was significantly lower (P= 0.0001) at 4.5 (1.5) days in Group 1a compared to 6.5 (0.5) days in Group 2. Postoperative bladder spasms were significantly lower (P= 0.03) at 10/32 in Group 1a compared to 37/67 in Group 2. All patients responded well with anticholinergics. Postoperative hematuria and bladder spasms were significantly lower (P= 0.03) in Group 1a compared to Group 2. There was no significant difference in persistent VUR between Group 1 and Group 2. At 1 year follow, none of them had any evidence of ureteral obstruction.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  EVR has lower operative time, less postoperative discomfort and shorter hospital stay compared to Cohen's reimplantation. Both techniques are equally effective in treating reflux.
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, Sri Ramachandra Medical College, Porur, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India.
authors.forename: Krishnamoorthy
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Sriram
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, Sri Ramachandra Medical College, Porur, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India.
authors.forename: Ramesh
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Babu
keywords: Children; ureteric reimplantation; vesicoureteral reflux