title: Antiviral Therapy by HIV-1 Broadly Neutralizing and Inhibitory Antibodies.
abstract: Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) infection causes acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS), a global epidemic for more than three decades. HIV-1 replication is primarily controlled through antiretroviral therapy (ART) but this treatment does not cure HIV-1 infection. Furthermore, there is increasing viral resistance to ART, and side effects associated with long-term therapy. Consequently, there is a need of alternative candidates for HIV-1 prevention and therapy. Recent advances have discovered multiple broadly neutralizing antibodies against HIV-1. In this review, we describe the key epitopes on the HIV-1 Env protein and the reciprocal broadly neutralizing antibodies, and discuss the ongoing clinical trials of broadly neutralizing and inhibitory antibody therapy as well as antibody combinations, bispecific antibodies, and methods that improve therapeutic efficacy by combining broadly neutralizing antibodies (bNAbs) with latency reversing agents. Compared with ART, HIV-1 therapeutics that incorporate these broadly neutralizing and inhibitory antibodies offer the advantage of decreasing virus load and clearing infected cells, which is a promising prospect in HIV-1 prevention and treatment.
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics, School of Public Health, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China. zhiqingzhang.xmu@foxmail.com.
authors.forename: Zhiqing
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics, School of Public Health, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China. shaowei@xmu.edu.cn.|National Institute of Diagnostics and Vaccine Development in Infectious Disease, School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China. shaowei@xmu.edu.cn.
authors.forename: Shaowei
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics, School of Public Health, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China. guying@xmu.edu.cn.|National Institute of Diagnostics and Vaccine Development in Infectious Disease, School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China. guying@xmu.edu.cn.
authors.forename: Ying
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Gu
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics, School of Public Health, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China. nsxia@xmu.edu.cn.|National Institute of Diagnostics and Vaccine Development in Infectious Disease, School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China. nsxia@xmu.edu.cn.
authors.forename: Ningshao
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Xia
mesh_terms: D000163:Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000276:immunology* / Q000821:virology; D000911:Antibodies, Monoclonal / Q000276:immunology / Q000627:therapeutic use; D057134:Antibodies, Neutralizing / Q000276:immunology* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D000939:Epitopes / Q000276:immunology; D015483:HIV Antibodies / Q000276:immunology* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D015658:HIV Infections / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000276:immunology* / Q000821:virology; D015497:HIV-1 / Q000187:drug effects / Q000276:immunology*; D006801:Humans; D051917:Leukosialin / Q000276:immunology; D054299:env Gene Products, Human Immunodeficiency Virus / Q000276:immunology
chemical_list: D000911:Antibodies, Monoclonal; D057134:Antibodies, Neutralizing; D000939:Epitopes; D015483:HIV Antibodies; D051917:Leukosialin; D054299:env Gene Products, Human Immunodeficiency Virus
keywords: HIV-1; antibody therapy; broadly neutralizing antibody; epitope