title: Women with Postpartum Weight Retention Have Delayed Wake Times and Decreased Sleep Efficiency During the Perinatal Period: A Brief Report.
abstract: This study assessed sleep and circadian rhythms across the perinatal period in new mothers with and without postpartum weight retention (PPWR).
  
  
  
  Weight was measured at 2 and 16 weeks postpartum in 21 women with previous major depression or bipolar disorder (mean age 29.5±4.7 years) who self-reported pre-pregnancy weight during third trimester. Wrist actigraphy was acquired at 33 weeks gestation and postpartum weeks 2, 6, and 16. Circadian phase was measured at 33 weeks gestation and 6 weeks postpartum. The Horne-Östberg Morningness-Eveningness Questionnaire and Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Inventory were completed during third trimester. Women were classified as PPWR+ if weight at 16 weeks postpartum exceeded pre-pregnancy weight by ≥5kg.
  
  
  
  Compared to pre-pregnancy, average weight gain (±SD) was 6.3±8.8 kg at 2 weeks postpartum and 5.2±8.5 kg at 16 weeks postpartum. ANOVA showed that PPWR+ women (n=8, 38%) had later sleep offset times and lower sleep efficiencies than PPWR- women at all time points and were more likely to report snoring during pregnancy.
  
  
  
  Data from this small sample showed that women with PPWR had more disturbed sleep and later wake times and were more likely to report symptoms of sleep-disordered breathing. Future work in larger samples should examine whether interventions to improve sleep during pregnancy decreases PPWR.
authors.affiliation: Brown University, Providence, RI, United States; Rhode Island Hospital, Providence, RI, United States; Sleep for Science Research Laboratory, Providence, RI, United States. Electronic address: Katherine_Sharkey@brown.edu.
authors.forename: K M
authors.initials: KM
authors.lastname: Sharkey
authors.affiliation: Rhode Island Hospital, Providence, RI, United States; Sleep for Science Research Laboratory, Providence, RI, United States.
authors.forename: G M
authors.initials: GM
authors.lastname: Boni
authors.affiliation: Rhode Island Hospital, Providence, RI, United States; Sleep for Science Research Laboratory, Providence, RI, United States.
authors.forename: J A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Quattrucci
authors.affiliation: Brown University, Providence, RI, United States; Sleep for Science Research Laboratory, Providence, RI, United States.
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Blatch
authors.affiliation: Rhode Island Hospital, Providence, RI, United States; Sleep for Science Research Laboratory, Providence, RI, United States.
authors.forename: S N
authors.initials: SN
authors.lastname: Carr
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D001714:Bipolar Disorder; D003865:Major Depressive Disorder; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D036801:Parturition; D049590:Postpartum Period; D011247:Pregnancy; D011263:Pregnancy Trimester, Third; D057566:Self Report; D012890:Sleep / Q000502:physiology*; D012891:Sleep Apnea Syndromes / Q000503:physiopathology; D012893:Sleep Wake Disorders / Q000503:physiopathology*; D013997:Time Factors; D014851:Wakefulness / Q000502:physiology*; D015430:Weight Gain / Q000502:physiology*; D055815:Young Adult
keywords: DLMO; circadian; postpartum; postpartum weight retention; pregnancy; sleep