title: Mutagenicity and cytotoxicity evaluation of photo-catalytically treated petroleum refinery wastewater using an array of bioassays.
abstract: Degradation and detoxification of petroleum refinery wastewater (PRW) was carried out by advanced oxidation processes (UV/TiO2/H2O2and gamma radiation/H2O2). Response surface methodology (RSM) was used to optimize the independent variables. The cytotoxicity was evaluated using Allium cepa, brime shrimp and haemolytic assays; whereas mutagenicity was tested by Ames tests (TA98 and TA100 strains). Maximum reductions in COD and BOD were recorded as 78% and 87% for UV/TiO2/H2O2and 77% and 86% for gamma ray/H2O2, respectively. Treatments with both methods at optimized conditions reduced the cytotoxicity and mutagenicity of PRW, however, UV/TiO2/H2O2system was found slightly efficient as compared to gamma ray/H2O2. From the results, it can be concluded that AOP's can successfully be utilized for the degradation of toxic pollutants in petroleum refinery wastewater. Moreover, the bioassays used in this study offered a good reliability for checking the detoxification of treated and un-treated PRW wastewater.
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry, The University of Lahore, Lahore, Pakistan. Electronic address: bosalvee@yahoo.com.
authors.forename: Munawar
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Iqbal
authors.affiliation: National Centre of Excellence in Physical Chemistry, University of Peshawar, Peshawar, Pakistan.
authors.forename: Jan
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Nisar
authors.affiliation: Pharmacology and Toxicology Section, College of Veterinary and Animal Science, Jhang, Pakistan.
authors.forename: Muhammad
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Adil
authors.affiliation: Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, The University of Lahore, Lahore, Pakistan.
authors.forename: Mazhar
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Abbas
authors.affiliation: Department of Allied Health Sciences, Sargodha Medical College, University of Sargodha, Sargodha, Pakistan.
authors.forename: Muhammad
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Riaz
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan.
authors.forename: M Asif
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Tahir
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathology, College of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Jhang, Pakistan.
authors.forename: Muhammad
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Younus
authors.affiliation: Department of Biochemistry, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan.
authors.forename: Muhammad
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Shahid
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001156:Artemia / Q000187:drug effects; D001681:Biological Assay; D002384:Catalysis; D002470:Cell Survival / Q000187:drug effects; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D004912:Erythrocytes / Q000187:drug effects; D006461:Hemolysis / Q000187:drug effects; D006801:Humans; D006861:Hydrogen Peroxide / Q000737:chemistry; D016296:Mutagenesis / Q000187:drug effects; D009153:Mutagens / Q000528:radiation effects / Q000633:toxicity*; D019697:Onions / Q000187:drug effects; D010084:Oxidation-Reduction; D010578:Petroleum / Q000528:radiation effects / Q000633:toxicity*; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D012756:Sheep; D014025:Titanium / Q000737:chemistry; D014466:Ultraviolet Rays; D062065:Wastewater / Q000633:toxicity*; D018508:Water Purification / Q000379:methods*
chemical_list: D006861:Hydrogen Peroxide; D009153:Mutagens; D010578:Petroleum; D014025:Titanium; D062065:Wastewater; C009495:titanium dioxide
keywords: Absorbed dose; Advanced oxidation; Bioassays; Cytotoxicity; Mutagenicity; Petroleum refinery wastewater