title: History of the Endolymphatic Sac: From Anatomy to Surgery.
abstract: To evaluate the historical descriptive origins of the anatomy of endolymphatic sac (ELS), its initial dilation description, its association with tumors, and lastly its surgical implication.
  
  
  
  A collection of historical and contemporary references, and selected textbooks were compiled spanning the 18th century to present day with specific focus on the description of the ELS, ELS dilation, and ELS tumors (ELSTs).
  
  
  
  Domenico Cotugno describes the ELS in 1760. Carl Hasse introduces the term endolymphatic sac (saccus endolymphaticus) in 1873, which has remained in use till today. Carlo Mondini, in 1791, describes ELS dilation. Georges Portmann proposes opening the ELS for the treatment of Ménière's disease (MD) in 1926. In 1984, the first reported case of an ELST is described with pathology consisting of an adenoma. Four years later, in 1988, the first report is published suggesting ELSTs in direct association to von Hippel-Lindau disease.
  
  
  
  Domenico Cotugno is precise in describing the ELS in 1760. A timeline of important events relating to the ELS is presented. These include ELS dilation, surgical opening of the ELS for Meniere's, and ELSTs relating to von Hippel-Lindau disease.
authors.affiliation: *Division of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital †Department of Otolaryngology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts ‡Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California.
authors.forename: C Eduardo
authors.initials: CE
authors.lastname: Corrales
authors.forename: Albert
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Mudry
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D004712:Endolymphatic Sac; D005260:Female; D049671:History, 18th Century; D049672:History, 19th Century; D049673:History, 20th Century; D006801:Humans; D010036:Otolaryngology / Q000266:history*