title: Thyroid hormone regulated genes in cerebral cortex development.
abstract: The physiological and developmental effects of thyroid hormones are mainly due to the control of gene expression after interaction of T3with the nuclear receptors. To understand the role of thyroid hormones on cerebral cortex development, knowledge of the genes regulated by T3during specific stages of development is required. In our laboratory, we previously identified genes regulated by T3in primary cerebrocortical cells in culture. By comparing these data with transcriptomics of purified cell types from the developing cortex, the cellular targets of T3can be identified. In addition, many of the genes regulated transcriptionally by T3have defined roles in cortex development, from which the role of T3can be derived. This review analyzes the specific roles of T3-regulated genes in the different stages of cortex development within the physiological frame of the developmental changes of thyroid hormones and receptor concentrations in the human cerebral cortex during fetal development. These data indicate an increase in the sensitivity to T3during the second trimester of fetal development. The main cellular targets of T3appear to be the Cajal-Retzius and the subplate neurons. On the other hand, T3regulates transcriptionally genes encoding extracellular matrix proteins, involved in cell migration and the control of diverse signaling pathways.
authors.affiliation: Instituto de Investigaciones BiomédicasConsejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas y Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, and Center for Biomedical Research on Rare Diseases, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain jbernal@iib.uam.es.
authors.forename: Juan
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Bernal
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002540:Cerebral Cortex / Q000196:embryology / Q000378:metabolism*; D016326:Extracellular Matrix Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D005786:Gene Expression Regulation / Q000502:physiology*; D006801:Humans; D009474:Neurons / Q000378:metabolism; D011988:Receptors, Thyroid Hormone / Q000378:metabolism*; D013963:Thyroid Hormones / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D016326:Extracellular Matrix Proteins; D011988:Receptors, Thyroid Hormone; D013963:Thyroid Hormones
keywords: brain; development; fetus; gene expression; thyroid hormone metabolism