title: Investigation of brain electrophysiological properties among heroin addicts: Quantitative EEG and event-related potentials.
abstract: This study aims to introduce a new approach of a comprehensive paradigm to evaluate brain electrophysiological properties among addicts. Electroencephalographic spectral power as well as amplitudes and latencies of mismatch negativity (MMN), P300, and P600 components were evaluated among 19 male heroin addicts and 19 healthy nonsmoker subjects using a paradigm consisting of three subparadigms, namely (1) digit span Wechsler test, (2) auditory oddball, and (3) visual cue-reactivity oddball paradigms. Task 1 provided auditory P300 and P600 in association with working memory. Task 2 provided auditory P300 as well as small and large deviant MMN event-related potential (ERPs). Finally, task 3 provided visual cue-reactivity P300. Results show that beta power was higher among heroin addicts while delta, theta, and alpha powers were decreased compared with healthy subjects. ERP analysis confirmed the decline of brain-evoked potential amplitudes when compared with healthy subjects, thus indicating a broad neurobiological vulnerability of preattentive and attentional processing including attentional deficits and compromise of discrimination abilities. The prolonged latency of ERPs reflects poor cognitive capacity in the engagement of attention and memory resources. On the other hand, an increase of attention towards the heroin-related stimuli could be concluded from the increase of P300 in the cue-reactivity condition among heroin addicts. Findings suggest that applying this paradigm in addiction studies benefits comprehensive evaluation of neuroelectrophysiological activity among addicts, which can promote a better understanding of drugs' effects on the brain as well as define new neuroelectrophysiological characteristics of addiction properties. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.|Centre for Innovation in Medical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
authors.forename: Farid
authors.identifier: 0000-0001-5290-0922
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Motlagh
authors.affiliation: Department of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.|Centre for Innovation in Medical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
authors.forename: Fatimah
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Ibrahim
authors.affiliation: University of Malaya, Centre of Addiction Sciences, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
authors.forename: Rusdi
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Rashid
authors.affiliation: University of Malaya, Centre of Addiction Sciences, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.|Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
authors.forename: Tahereh
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Seghatoleslam
authors.affiliation: University of Malaya, Centre of Addiction Sciences, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.|Department of Psychiatry, Mahsa University, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
authors.forename: Hussain
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Habil
mesh_terms: D000161:Acoustic Stimulation; D000328:Adult; D000704:Analysis of Variance; D001921:Brain / Q000503:physiopathology*; D003463:Cues; D004569:Electroencephalography; D005071:Evoked Potentials / Q000502:physiology*; D006556:Heroin Dependence / Q000503:physiopathology*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009483:Neuropsychological Tests; D010775:Photic Stimulation; D011930:Reaction Time / Q000502:physiology
keywords: P300; cognitive dysfunction; event-related potentials; heroin addiction; mismatch negativity; qEEG