title: Current applications and different approaches for microbial l-asparaginase production.
abstract: l-asparaginase (EC 3.5.1.1) is an enzyme that catalysis mainly the asparagine hydrolysis in l-aspartic acid and ammonium. This enzyme is presented in different organisms, such as microorganisms, vegetal, and some animals, including certain rodent's serum, but not unveiled in humans. It can be used as important chemotherapeutic agent for the treatment of a variety of lymphoproliferative disorders and lymphomas (particularly acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) and Hodgkin's lymphoma), and has been a pivotal agent in chemotherapy protocols from around 30 years. Also, other important application is in food industry, by using the properties of this enzyme to reduce acrylamide levels in commercial fried foods, maintaining their characteristics (color, flavor, texture, security, etc.) Actually, l-asparaginase catalyzes the hydrolysis of l-asparagine, not allowing the reaction of reducing sugars with this aminoacid for the generation of acrylamide. Currently, production of l-asparaginase is mainly based in biotechnological production by using some bacteria. However, industrial production also needs research work aiming to obtain better production yields, as well as novel process by applying different microorganisms to increase the range of applications of the produced enzyme. Within this context, this mini-review presents l-asparaginase applications, production by different microorganisms and some limitations, current investigations, as well as some challenges to be achieved for profitable industrial production.
authors.affiliation: Universidade de São Paulo, Escola de Engenharia de Lorena, São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
authors.forename: Jorge Javier Muso
authors.initials: JJ
authors.lastname: Cachumba
authors.affiliation: Universidade de São Paulo, Escola de Engenharia de Lorena, São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
authors.forename: Felipe Antonio Fernandes
authors.initials: FA
authors.lastname: Antunes
authors.affiliation: Universidade de São Paulo, Escola de Engenharia de Lorena, São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
authors.forename: Guilherme Fernando Dias
authors.initials: GF
authors.lastname: Peres
authors.affiliation: Universidade de São Paulo, Escola de Engenharia de Lorena, São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
authors.forename: Larissa Pereira
authors.initials: LP
authors.lastname: Brumano
authors.affiliation: Universidade de São Paulo, Escola de Engenharia de Lorena, São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
authors.forename: Júlio César Dos
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: Santos
authors.affiliation: Universidade de São Paulo, Escola de Engenharia de Lorena, São Paulo, SP, Brazil. Electronic address: silviosilverio@usp.com.
authors.forename: Silvio Silvério
authors.initials: SS
authors.lastname: Da Silva
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000970:Antineoplastic Agents; D001215:Asparaginase / Q000096:biosynthesis* / Q000378:metabolism; D004345:Drug Industry; D005285:Fermentation; D019649:Food Industry; D006801:Humans; D007218:Industrial Microbiology
chemical_list: D000970:Antineoplastic Agents; D001215:Asparaginase
keywords: Acrylamide; Industrial production; Microbial production; Pharmaceutical application; l-asparaginase