title: Enhancement of surface flow constructed wetlands performance at low temperature through seasonal plant collocation.
abstract: In the present study, a novel seasonal plant collocation system (SPCS), specifically the Potamogeton crispus and Phragmites australis series system, was investigated to enhance the performance of surface flow constructed wetlands (SFCWs) at low temperature. Results of a year-round experiment showed that SPCS conquered the adverse effect of low temperature and achieved sustainable nutrients removal. In addition, during winter, removal efficiencies of NH4-N, TP, COD, and TN in SPCS were 18.1%, 17.6%, 10.1% and 5.2% higher than that in the control, respectively. P. crispus and P. australis complemented each other in terms of plant growth and plant uptake during the experiment period. Furthermore, it emerged that P. crispus could increase the quantity of ammonia oxidizing bacteria by 10.2%, due to its high oxygen enrichment ability. It is suggested that seasonal plant collocation has a promising future in SFCWs of areas being affected by climate change, e.g. northern China.
authors.affiliation: Shandong Key Laboratory of Water Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of Environmental Science & Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, PR China. Electronic address: zhangjian00@sdu.edu.cn.
authors.forename: Jian
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: Shandong Key Laboratory of Water Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of Environmental Science & Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, PR China.
authors.forename: Haimeng
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Sun
authors.affiliation: Shandong Academy of Environmental Science, Broadway, Jinan 250100, PR China.
authors.forename: Wengang
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: Shandong Key Laboratory of Water Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of Environmental Science & Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, PR China.
authors.forename: Zhen
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Hu
authors.affiliation: Shandong Key Laboratory of Water Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of Environmental Science & Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, PR China.
authors.forename: Xiaole
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Yin
authors.affiliation: School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Technology Sydney, Broadway, NSW 2007, Australia.
authors.forename: Huu Hao
authors.initials: HH
authors.lastname: Ngo
authors.affiliation: School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Technology Sydney, Broadway, NSW 2007, Australia.
authors.forename: Wenshan
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Guo
authors.affiliation: National Engineering Laboratory of Coal-Fired Pollutants Emission Reduction, Shandong University, Jinan 250061, PR China.
authors.forename: Jinlin
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Fan
mesh_terms: D000641:Ammonia / Q000378:metabolism; D057919:Biological Oxygen Demand Analysis; D002681:China; D057231:Climate Change; D059013:Microbial Consortia / Q000502:physiology; D006109:Poaceae / Q000502:physiology*; D031821:Potamogetonaceae / Q000502:physiology*; D012621:Seasons; D013696:Temperature; D014865:Waste Disposal, Fluid / Q000379:methods*; D053833:Wetlands
chemical_list: D000641:Ammonia
keywords: Constructed wetlands; Low temperature; Nutrients removal; Seasonal plant collocation