title: Face, content, and construct validation of a low-cost, non-biologic, sinus surgery task trainer and knowledge-based curriculum.
abstract: The purpose of this study was to evaluate face and content validity of a low-cost, low-technology, non-biologic endoscopic sinus surgery (ESS) task trainer and knowledge-based curriculum followed by construct validation of the task trainer.
  
  
  
  A sinus surgery task trainer and curriculum were developed. Attending otolaryngologists were surveyed regarding the utility of the task trainer and curriculum. A cross-sectional construct validation study was performed including medical students, residents, and attending otolaryngologists. Nine tasks were performed on the task trainer and graded using a global rating scale (GRS). Predictors of task trainer performance were evaluated, and spatial performance was measured. Regression analyses were performed to assess main associations.
  
  
  
  All attending physicians (n = 7) agreed that the task trainer accelerates the learning curve and incorporates essential ESS techniques and that the knowledge-based curriculum describes anatomical and technical knowledge germane to ESS. Twelve medical students, 9 otolaryngology residents, and 5 attending otolaryngologists completed task trainer testing. GRS score varied by level of training after adjusting for potential confounders (slope = 2.63; p = 0.001). There was evidence of an association between a history of video gaming (slope = 1.33; p = 0.077), sports experience (slope = 2.08; p = 0.033), and sinus surgery simulation (slope = 2.72; p = 0.023) with GRS score, although not statistically significant.
  
  
  
  This study demonstrated validity of a knowledge-based sinus surgery curriculum and low-cost, sinus task trainer supporting use in early training. Participants with prior video gaming, sports participation, and sinus surgery simulation experience perform better at baseline on the task trainer.
authors.affiliation: Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA.
authors.forename: Richard A
authors.initials: RA
authors.lastname: Harbison
authors.affiliation: Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA.|Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Seattle Children's Hospital, Seattle, WA.
authors.forename: Kaalan E
authors.initials: KE
authors.lastname: Johnson
authors.affiliation: Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA.
authors.forename: Craig
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Miller
authors.affiliation: Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA.
authors.forename: Maya G
authors.initials: MG
authors.lastname: Sardesai
authors.affiliation: Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA.
authors.forename: Greg E
authors.initials: GE
authors.lastname: Davis
mesh_terms: D003365:Costs and Cost Analysis; D003479:Curriculum; D004724:Endoscopy / Q000193:education*; D005145:Face; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007396:Internship and Residency; D051188:Knowledge Bases; D008297:Male; D010036:Otolaryngology / Q000193:education*; D010256:Paranasal Sinuses / Q000601:surgery*; D013663:Teaching
keywords: endoscopy; nose models; residency training in rhinology; simulation training; sinus surgery