title: Mechanisms underlying the toxic effects of antimony species in human embryonic kidney cells (HEK-293) and their comparison with arsenic species.
abstract: Antimony cytotoxicity was assessed in human embryonic kidney cells (HEK-293). Uptake, mitochondrial respiratory activity, ROS generation and diffusional kinetics were measured using fluorescence recovery after photobleaching (FRAP). Furthermore, the toxic effect induced by Sb was compared with As toxicity in regard to ROS generation and diffusional kinetics, which provides information on the protein aggregation process. Our results show a favored uptake of Sb(III) and a more severe effect, decreasing the mitochondrial activity more than in the presence of Sb(V). In comparison with As, the Sb species did not generate a significant increase in ROS generation, which was observed with As(III) and As(V). FRAP analysis yielded important information on the diffusion and binding dynamics of live cells in presence of these metalloids. The mobile fraction showed a strong decrease with the As species and Sb(III). The diffusion rate and the koff-ratewere significantly decreased for the As and Sb species but were more strong in the presence of As(III).
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Toxicology and Environmental Health, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chiba University.
authors.forename: Marcelo
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Verdugo
authors.forename: Yasumitsu
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Ogra
authors.forename: Waldo
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Quiroz
mesh_terms: D000965:Antimony / Q000633:toxicity*; D001152:Arsenicals / Q000009:adverse effects*; D002470:Cell Survival / Q000187:drug effects; D004058:Diffusion; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D036681:Fluorescence Recovery After Photobleaching; D057809:HEK293 Cells; D006801:Humans; D007700:Kinetics; D008928:Mitochondria / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism; D018384:Oxidative Stress / Q000187:drug effects; D010087:Oxides / Q000633:toxicity; D066329:Protein Aggregates; D066263:Protein Aggregation, Pathological; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species / Q000378:metabolism; D014162:Transfection
chemical_list: D001152:Arsenicals; D010087:Oxides; D066329:Protein Aggregates; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species; C091696:antimony oxide; D000965:Antimony