title: Development of Interleukin-2 Loaded Chitosan-Based Nanogels Using Artificial Neural Networks and Investigating the Effects on Wound Healing in Rats.
abstract: The aim of this study was to develop and characterize rh- IL-2 loaded chitosan-based nanogels for the healing of wound incision in rats. Nanogels were prepared using chitosan and bovine serum albumin (BSA) by ionic gelation method and high temperature application, respectively. Particle size, zeta potential, and polydispersity index were measured for characterization of nanogels. The morphology of nanogels was examined by using SEM and AFM. The IL-2 loading capacity of nanogels was determined using ELISA method. In vitro release of IL-2 from nanogels was performed using Franz diffusion cells. Artificial neural network (ANN) models were developed using selected input parameters (stirring rate, chitosan%, BSA%, TPP%) where particle size was an output parameter for IL-2 free nanogels. Wound healing effect of IL-2 loaded chitosan-TPP nanogel was evaluated by determining the malondialdehyde (MDA) and glutathione (GSH) levels of wound tissues in rats. The particle size of IL-2 loaded chitosan-TPP nanogels was found to be larger than that of IL-2 loaded BSA-based chitosan nanogels. Drug loading capacity of nanogels was found 100% ± 0.010 for both nanogels. IL-2 was released slowly after the initial burst effect. According to SEM and AFM imaging, BSA-chitosan nanogel particles were of nanometer size and presented a swelling tendency, and chitosan-TPP nanogel particles were found to be spherical and homogenously dispersed. IL-2 loaded chitosan-TPP nanogel was found suitable for improving wound healing because it decreased the MDA levels and increased the GSH levels wound tissues comparing to control group.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Gazi University, Etiler, 06330, Ankara, Turkey.|Sanovel Pharmaceuticals, İstanbul, Turkey.
authors.forename: Canan
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Aslan
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Gazi University, Etiler, 06330, Ankara, Turkey. ncelebi@gazi.edu.tr.
authors.forename: Nevin
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Çelebi
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Gazi University, Etiler, 06330, Ankara, Turkey.
authors.forename: I Tuncer
authors.initials: IT
authors.lastname: Değim
authors.affiliation: Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Gazi University, Beşevler, 06510, Ankara, Turkey.
authors.forename: Ayşegül
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Atak
authors.affiliation: Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Gazi University, Beşevler, 06510, Ankara, Turkey.
authors.forename: Çiğdem
authors.initials: Ç
authors.lastname: Özer
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000970:Antineoplastic Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000493:pharmacokinetics; D001672:Biocompatible Materials / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology; D048271:Chitosan / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology; D004058:Diffusion; D016503:Drug Delivery Systems; D005782:Gels; D007376:Interleukin-2 / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000493:pharmacokinetics; D053758:Nanoparticles; D009415:Nerve Net / Q000187:drug effects; D010316:Particle Size; D011092:Polyethylene Glycols / Q000494:pharmacology*; D051381:Rats; D012997:Solvents / Q000494:pharmacology; D014945:Wound Healing / Q000187:drug effects
chemical_list: D000970:Antineoplastic Agents; D001672:Biocompatible Materials; D005782:Gels; D007376:Interleukin-2; D012997:Solvents; D011092:Polyethylene Glycols; D048271:Chitosan
keywords: artificial neural network; chitosan; interleukin-2; nanogel; wound healing