title: Understanding the delayed prescribing of antibiotics for respiratory tract infection in primary care: a qualitative analysis.
abstract: To identify general practitioner (GP) views and understanding on the use of delayed prescribing in primary care.
  
  
  
  Qualitative semistructured telephone interview study.
  
  
  
  Primary care general practices in England.
  
  
  
  32 GPs from identified high-prescribing and low-prescribing general practices in England.
  
  
  
  Semistructured telephone interviews were conducted with GPs identified from practices within clinical commissioning groups with the highest and lowest prescribing rates in England. A thematic analysis of the data was conducted to generate themes.
  
  
  
  All GPs had a good understanding of respiratory tract infection (RTI) management and how the delayed prescribing approach could be used in primary care. However, GPs highlighted factors that were influential as to whether delayed prescribing was successfully carried out during the consultation. These included the increase in evidence of antimicrobial resistance, and GPs' prior experiences of using delayed prescribing during the consultation. The patient-practitioner relationship could also influence treatment outcomes for RTI, and a lack of an agreed prescribing strategy within and between practices was considered to be of significance to GPs. Participants expressed that a lack of feedback on prescribing data at an individual and practice level made it difficult to know if delayed prescribing strategies were successful in reducing unnecessary consumption. GPs agreed that coherent and uniform training and guidelines would be of some benefit to ensure consistent prescribing throughout the UK.
  
  
  
  Delayed prescribing is encouraged in primary care, but is not always implemented successfully. Greater uniformity within and between practices in the UK is needed to operationalise delayed prescribing, as well as providing feedback on the uptake of antibiotics. Finally, GPs may need further guidance on how to answer the concerns of patients without interpreting these questions as a demand for antibiotics, as well as educating the patient about antimicrobial resistance and supporting a good patient-practitioner relationship.
authors.affiliation: Department of Primary Care & Population Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK.
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Ryves
authors.affiliation: Department of Primary Care & Population Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK.
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Eyles
authors.affiliation: Department of Primary Care & Population Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Moore
authors.affiliation: Department of Primary Care & Population Health Sciences, King's College London, London, UK.
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: McDermott
authors.affiliation: Department of Primary Care & Population Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK.
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Little
authors.affiliation: Department of Primary Care & Population Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK.
authors.forename: G M
authors.initials: GM
authors.lastname: Leydon
mesh_terms: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D001291:Attitude of Health Personnel; D004352:Drug Resistance, Microbial; D004739:England; D058006:General Practice; D006801:Humans; D007407:Interviews as Topic; D017060:Patient Satisfaction; D010817:Physician-Patient Relations; D017410:Practice Guidelines as Topic; D010818:Practice Patterns, Physicians'; D011320:Primary Health Care; D036301:Qualitative Research; D012017:Referral and Consultation; D012141:Respiratory Tract Infections / Q000188:drug therapy*
chemical_list: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents
keywords: Antibiotics; PRIMARY CARE; Prescribing; QUALITATIVE RESEARCH; Respiratory Tract Infection