title: Intraoperative neural monitoring in thyroid surgery: lessons learned from animal studies.
abstract: Recurrent laryngeal nerve (RLN) injury remains a significant morbidity associated with thyroid and parathyroid surgery. In the past decade, surgeons have increasingly used intraoperative neural monitoring (IONM) as an adjunct technique for localizing and identifying the RLN, detecting RLN injury, and predicting the outcome of vocal cord function. In recent years, many animal studies have investigated common pitfalls and new applications of IONM. For example, the use of IONM technology in animal models has proven valuable in studies of the electrophysiology of RLN injury. The advent of animal studies has substantially improved understanding of IONM technology. Lessons learned from animal studies have immediate clinical applications in establishing reliable strategies for preventing intraoperative RLN injury. This article gives an overview of the research progress on IONM-relevant animal models.
authors.affiliation: Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan;; Faculty of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Che-Wei
authors.initials: CW
authors.lastname: Wu
authors.affiliation: Division of Thyroid and Parathyroid Endocrine Surgery, Department of Laryngology and Otology, Massachusetts Eye and Ear Infirmary, Harvard Medical School, Boston, USA.
authors.forename: Gregory W
authors.initials: GW
authors.lastname: Randolph
authors.affiliation: Department of Anesthesiology, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.
authors.forename: I-Cheng
authors.initials: IC
authors.lastname: Lu
authors.affiliation: Department of Anesthesiology, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Pi-Ying
authors.initials: PY
authors.lastname: Chang
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathology, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Yi-Ting
authors.initials: YT
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.affiliation: Laboratory Animal Center, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Pao-Chu
authors.initials: PC
authors.lastname: Hun
authors.affiliation: Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan;; Faculty of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Yi-Chu
authors.initials: YC
authors.lastname: Lin
authors.affiliation: 1 Division of Surgery, Research Center for Endocrine Surgery, Department of Surgical Sciences and Human Morphology, University of Insubria (Como-Varese), Varese, Italy.
authors.forename: Gianlorenzo
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Dionigi
authors.affiliation: Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan;; Faculty of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Feng-Yu
authors.initials: FY
authors.lastname: Chiang
keywords: Intraoperative neural monitoring (IONM); animal study; recurrent laryngeal nerve (RLN); thyroid surgery; translation research