title: Endoscopic nasopharyngectomy in recurrent nasopharyngeal carcinoma: a case series, literature review, and pooled analysis.
abstract: To critically evaluate the use of endoscopic nasopharyngectomy in the treatment of recurrent nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) through a case series, systematic literature review, and pooled analysis.
  
  
  
  A case series of 18 patients combined with systematic literature review and pooled analysis of PubMed, Web of Science, and Scopus search, identifying 576 papers. After excluding 307 papers as search engine duplicates, only 16 of the remaining papers had adequate patient data to be included.
  
  
  
  Our case series of 18 patients had a 2-year disease-free survival (DFS) and overall survival (OS) of 90.0% and 100%, respectively. The pooled analysis of 300 patients that had an endoscopic resection of recurrent NPC showed recurrence-free survival and overall survival were 85.8% and 82.9%, respectively. Most, 56.1%, were recurrent T1 lesions. Resection margins were negative in 90.2% of patients. Local recurrence occurred in 20.1% of patients. Major complications occurred in 13.6% of patients. The mean hospital stay was 5.8 days, the mean operating time was 228.3 minutes, and the mean operative blood loss was 163 mL.
  
  
  
  Endoscopic resection of recurrent NPC occurs with low surgical morbidity. However, further long-term evaluation with longer follow-up data is needed to evaluate if the survival data is comparable or better than open approaches.
authors.affiliation: Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Chinese University of Hong Kong, Prince of Wales Hospital, Shatin, Hong Kong.
authors.forename: Alexander C
authors.initials: AC
authors.lastname: Vlantis
authors.affiliation: Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Chinese University of Hong Kong, Prince of Wales Hospital, Shatin, Hong Kong.|Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, United Christian Hospital, Kowloon East Cluster, Hong Kong.
authors.forename: Dennis L Y
authors.initials: DL
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.affiliation: Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Chinese University of Hong Kong, Prince of Wales Hospital, Shatin, Hong Kong.
authors.forename: Eddy W Y
authors.initials: EW
authors.lastname: Wong
authors.affiliation: Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Chinese University of Hong Kong, Prince of Wales Hospital, Shatin, Hong Kong.
authors.forename: Samuel M W
authors.initials: SM
authors.lastname: Chow
authors.affiliation: Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Chinese University of Hong Kong, Prince of Wales Hospital, Shatin, Hong Kong.
authors.forename: Siu K
authors.initials: SK
authors.lastname: Ng
authors.affiliation: Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Chinese University of Hong Kong, Prince of Wales Hospital, Shatin, Hong Kong.
authors.forename: Jason Y K
authors.initials: JY
authors.lastname: Chan
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D002277:Carcinoma / Q000601:surgery*; D004724:Endoscopy; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D000077274:Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma; D009303:Nasopharyngeal Neoplasms / Q000601:surgery*; D009305:Nasopharynx / Q000601:surgery; D009364:Neoplasm Recurrence, Local / Q000601:surgery*; D010611:Pharyngectomy
keywords: endoscopic nasopharyngectomy; minimally invasive; nasopharyngeal carcinoma; outcomes; recurrent nasopharyngeal carcinoma