title: The influence of salinity on growth, morphology, leaf ultrastructure, and cell viability of the seagrass Halodule wrightii Ascherson.
abstract: Halodule wrightii is an ecologically important seagrass; however, little is known about the adaptation of this species in the context of environmental change, particularly changes arising from alterations in salinity of coastal ecosystems. This study aimed to determine the effects of different salinities on growth, morphology, leaf ultrastructure, and cell viability of H. wrightii. To accomplish this, plants were cultivated for 21 days in salinities of 25, 35, and 45. More hydropotens were observed in samples exposed to salinity of 45 with increased invagination of the plasma membrane and cell wall. These invaginations were also observed in other epidermal cells of the leaf blade. In particular, a significant retraction of plasma membrane was seen in samples exposed to salinity of 45, with possible deposition of compounds between the membrane and cell wall. Osmotic stress in samples exposed to salinity of 45 affected the chloroplasts through an increase in plastoglobules and thylakoids by granum in the epidermal chloroplasts of the leaf and decrease in the number of chloroplasts. Overall, this study showed that H. wrightii can survive within salinities that range between 25 and 45 without changing growth rate. However, the plant did have higher cell viability at salinity of 35. Salt stress in mesocosms, at both salinity of 25 and 45, decreased cell viability in this species. H . wrightii had greater changes in salinity of 45; this showed that the species is more tolerant of salinities below this value.
authors.affiliation: Postgraduate Program in Cell Biology and Development, Department of Cell Biology, Embryology and Genetics, Federal University of Santa Catarina, 88049-900CP 476, Florianopolis, SC, Brazil. chirle.f@ufsc.br.
authors.forename: Chirle
authors.identifier: http://orcid.org/0000-0002-4496-6566
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Ferreira
authors.affiliation: Plant Cell Biology Laboratory, Department of Cell Biology, Embryology and Genetics, Federal University of Santa Catarina, 88049-900CP 476, Florianopolis, SC, Brazil.
authors.forename: Carmen
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Simioni
authors.affiliation: Plant Cell Biology Laboratory, Department of Cell Biology, Embryology and Genetics, Federal University of Santa Catarina, 88049-900CP 476, Florianopolis, SC, Brazil.
authors.forename: Éder C
authors.initials: ÉC
authors.lastname: Schmidt
authors.affiliation: Plant Morphogenesis and Biochemistry Laboratory, Federal University of Santa Catarina, 88049-900CP 476, Florianopolis, SC, Brazil.
authors.forename: Fernanda
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Ramlov
authors.affiliation: Plant Morphogenesis and Biochemistry Laboratory, Federal University of Santa Catarina, 88049-900CP 476, Florianopolis, SC, Brazil.
authors.forename: Marcelo
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Maraschin
authors.affiliation: Plant Cell Biology Laboratory, Department of Cell Biology, Embryology and Genetics, Federal University of Santa Catarina, 88049-900CP 476, Florianopolis, SC, Brazil.
authors.forename: Zenilda L
authors.initials: ZL
authors.lastname: Bouzon
mesh_terms: D035961:Alismatales / Q000254:growth & development* / Q000648:ultrastructure; D002470:Cell Survival; D018515:Plant Leaves / Q000254:growth & development* / Q000648:ultrastructure; D054712:Salinity; D055051:Salt-Tolerant Plants / Q000254:growth & development / Q000648:ultrastructure; D012623:Seawater
keywords: Hydropoten; Plastoglobules; Wall ingrowths