title: A review on the biosynthesis of metallic nanoparticles (gold and silver) using bio-components of microalgae: Formation mechanism and applications.
abstract: The synthesis of nanoparticles (NP) using algae has been underexploited and even unexplored. In recent times, there are few reports on the synthesis of NP using algae, which are being used as a bio-factory for the synthesis. Moreover, the algae are a renewable source, so that it could be effectively explored in the green synthesis of NP. Hence, this review reports on the biosynthesis of NP especially gold and silver NP using algae. The most widely reported NP from algae are silver and gold than any other metallic NP, which might be due to their enormous biomedical field applications. The NP synthesized by this method is mainly in spherical shape; the reports are revealing the fact that the cell free extracts are highly exploited for the synthesis than the biomass, which is associated with the problem of recovering the particles. Besides, mechanism involving in the reduction and stabilization is well demonstrated to deepen the knowledge towards enhancement possibilities for the synthesis and applications.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biotechnology, Nandha Arts and Science College, Erode, Tamilnadu, India.
authors.forename: P Dheeban
authors.initials: PD
authors.lastname: Shankar
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry and Research Centre, Aditanar College of Arts and Science, Tirchendur, Tamil Nadu, India.
authors.forename: Sutha
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Shobana
authors.affiliation: Research Centre for Stratergic Materials, Corrosion Resistant Steel Group, National Institute for Materials Science (NIMS), Tsukuba, Japan.
authors.forename: Indira
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Karuppusamy
authors.affiliation: Department of Environmental Engineering, Daegu University, South Korea.
authors.forename: Arivalagan
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Pugazhendhi
authors.affiliation: Department of Environmental Biotechnology, Bharathidasan University, Tiruchirappalli, India.
authors.forename: Vijayan Sri
authors.initials: VS
authors.lastname: Ramkumar
authors.affiliation: Department of Mechanical Engineering, Rohini College of Engineering & Technology, Kanyakumari, Tamil Nadu, India.
authors.forename: Sundaram
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Arvindnarayan
authors.affiliation: Sustainable Management of Natural Resources and Environment Research Group, Ton Duc Thang University, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam; Faculty of Environment and Labour Safety, Ton Duc Thang University, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam. Electronic address: gopalakrishnankumar@tdt.edu.vn.
authors.forename: Gopalakrishnan
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Kumar
mesh_terms: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents / Q000737:chemistry / Q000627:therapeutic use; D018533:Biomass; D032701:Biomimetics; D016503:Drug Delivery Systems; D006046:Gold; D055772:Green Chemistry Technology; D006801:Humans; D053768:Metal Nanoparticles / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000627:therapeutic use / Q000648:ultrastructure; D058086:Microalgae / Q000254:growth & development / Q000378:metabolism*; D036103:Nanotechnology; D010944:Plants / Q000378:metabolism; D012834:Silver
chemical_list: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents; D012834:Silver; D006046:Gold
keywords: Algae; Bio-resources; Biomedical applications; Biosynthesis; Nanoparticles; Spherical