title: Polysaccharide-coated liposomal formulations for dental targeting.
abstract: The efficacy of treatments of oral ailments is often challenged by a low residence time of the conventional pharmaceutical formulations in the oral cavity, which could be improved by using bioadhesive formulations. This in vitro study investigated charged liposomes, both uncoated and coated through electrostatic deposition with polysaccharides (chitosan, alginate and pectin), as bioadhesive systems for the oral cavity. First, formulations that provided liposomes fully coated with polysaccharide were selected. Thereafter, the stability of both the uncoated and the polysaccharide-coated liposomes was investigated in artificial saliva simulating pH, ionic strength, and ionic content of natural saliva. Additionally, adsorption to hydroxyapatite (model for tooth enamel) was tested. The surface charge was of high importance for both the stability in salivary environment and bioadhesion. In artificial saliva, the negatively charged liposomes were the most stable, and the stability of the positively charged liposomes was improved through coating with a negatively charged polysaccharide. On the contrary, the positively charged liposomes were the most bioadhesive, although a moderate adsorption was recorded for the negatively charged liposomes. Based on the present results, the negatively charged liposomes seem to be the most promising formulations used as a tooth adhesive nanosystem and could as such provide improved treatment of tooth ailments.
authors.affiliation: SiteDel Group, School of Pharmacy, University of Oslo, P. O. Box 1068, Blindern, 0316 Oslo, Norway. Electronic address: sara.pistone@farmasi.uio.no.
authors.forename: Sara
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Pistone
authors.affiliation: Department of Cariology, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway. Electronic address: morten.rykke@odont.uio.no.
authors.forename: Morten
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Rykke
authors.affiliation: SiteDel Group, School of Pharmacy, University of Oslo, P. O. Box 1068, Blindern, 0316 Oslo, Norway. Electronic address: gro.smistad@farmasi.uio.no.
authors.forename: Gro
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Smistad
authors.affiliation: SiteDel Group, School of Pharmacy, University of Oslo, P. O. Box 1068, Blindern, 0316 Oslo, Norway. Electronic address: marianne.hiorth@farmasi.uio.no.
authors.forename: Marianne
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Hiorth
mesh_terms: D000268:Adhesiveness; D000327:Adsorption; D000464:Alginates / Q000737:chemistry*; D002626:Chemistry, Pharmaceutical / Q000379:methods; D048271:Chitosan / Q000737:chemistry*; D004337:Drug Carriers / Q000737:chemistry; D016503:Drug Delivery Systems; D017886:Durapatite / Q000378:metabolism; D020723:Glucuronic Acid / Q000737:chemistry; D006603:Hexuronic Acids / Q000737:chemistry; D006863:Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; D008081:Liposomes; D009055:Mouth; D049329:Nanostructures; D009994:Osmolar Concentration; D010368:Pectins / Q000737:chemistry*; D011134:Polysaccharides / Q000737:chemistry; D012463:Saliva / Q000378:metabolism; D055672:Static Electricity
chemical_list: D000464:Alginates; D004337:Drug Carriers; D006603:Hexuronic Acids; D008081:Liposomes; D011134:Polysaccharides; D010368:Pectins; D020723:Glucuronic Acid; D048271:Chitosan; D017886:Durapatite
keywords: Adsorption; Artificial saliva; Dental drug delivery; Hydroxyapatite; Oral cavity; Polymer-coated liposome