title: Quality assurance testing of transoesophageal echocardiography probes.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  In response to an ultrasound imaging issue with transoesophageal echocardiography probes, a testing protocol was developed to check features pertinent to the operation of these probes. The imaging problem was detected in multiple probes of the same make and model.
  
  
  METHODS
  Over a two-year period, a series of 26 probes of this model were tested at acceptance, then three to six months later before being replaced due to a defect. A range of visual, mechanical and electrical tests were performed. Image tests comprised low-contrast penetration measurements and a comparison of phantom images at regular intervals to highlight artefacts in both B-mode and colour Doppler imaging.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Of the 26 defective probes replaced, 7 suffered mechanical/electrical problems, 5 of which prevented imaging results being obtained. Low-contrast penetration reduction of greater than 5% occurred in 14 probes. B-mode artefacts were observed on 12 probes and Doppler noise artefacts on 6 probes. No faults were found on five probes. The manufacturer addressed the imaging problem identified and of the seven subsequent probes supplied, only one suffered an imaging fault.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The implementation of a quality assurance protocol for transoesophageal echocardiography probes resulted in cost savings on replacements/repairs. When provided with the evidence gathered, the manufacturer supplied 23 probes under warranty or as loan equipment. The regular testing of the probes substantially reduced the impact of downtime and poor diagnosis from this equipment on the clinical service.
authors.affiliation: Medical Physics, NHS Lothian, Royal Infirmary, Edinburgh, UK.
authors.forename: Christopher
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: McLeod
authors.affiliation: Medical Physics, NHS Lothian, Royal Infirmary, Edinburgh, UK.
authors.forename: Kirsty
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: McNeill
authors.affiliation: Medical Physics, NHS Lothian, Royal Infirmary, Edinburgh, UK.
authors.forename: Karne
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: McBride
authors.affiliation: Medical Physics, NHS Lothian, Royal Infirmary, Edinburgh, UK.
authors.forename: Scott
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Inglis
authors.affiliation: Medical Physics, NHS Lothian, Royal Infirmary, Edinburgh, UK.
authors.forename: Stephen D
authors.initials: SD
authors.lastname: Pye
keywords: Echocardiography; equipment; quality assurance; transoesophageal