title: Monitoring acute metabolic changes in the liver and kidneys induced by fructose and glucose using hyperpolarized [2-13C]dihydroxyacetone.
abstract: To investigate acute changes in glucose metabolism in liver and kidneys in vivo after a bolus injection of either fructose or glucose, using hyperpolarized [2-13C]dihydroxyacetone.
  
  
  
  Spatially registered, dynamic, multislice MR spectroscopy was acquired for the metabolic products of [2-13C]dihydroxyacetone in liver and kidneys. Metabolism was probed in 13 fasted rats at three time points: 0, 70, and 140 min. At 60 min, rats were injected intravenously with fructose (n = 5) or glucose (n = 4) at 0.8 g/kg to initiate acute response. Controls (n = 4) did not receive a carbohydrate challenge.
  
  
  
  Ten minutes after fructose infusion, levels of [2-13C]phosphoenolpyruvate and [2-13C]glycerol-3-phosphate halved in liver: 51% (P = 0.0010) and 47% (P = 0.0001) of baseline, respectively. Seventy minutes later, levels returned to baseline. The glucose challenge did not alter the signals significantly, nor did repeated administration of the dihydroxyacetone imaging bolus. In kidneys, no statistically significant changes were detected after sugar infusion other than a 20% increase of the glycerol-3-phosphate signal between 10 and 80 min after fructose injection (P = 0.0028).
  
  
  
  Hyperpolarized [2-13C]dihydroxyacetone detects a real-time, transient metabolic response of the liver to an acute fructose challenge. Observed effects possibly include ATP depletion and changes in the unlabeled pool sizes of glycolytic intermediates. Magn Reson Med 77:65-73, 2017. © 2016 International Society for Magnetic Resonance in Medicine.
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA.
authors.forename: Irene
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Marco-Rius
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA.
authors.forename: Cornelius
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: von Morze
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA.
authors.forename: Renuka
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Sriram
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA.
authors.forename: Peng
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Cao
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine, Division of Nephrology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA.
authors.forename: Gene-Yuan
authors.initials: GY
authors.lastname: Chang
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA.
authors.forename: Eugene
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Milshteyn
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA.
authors.forename: Robert A
authors.initials: RA
authors.lastname: Bok
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA.
authors.forename: Michael A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Ohliger
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine, Division of Nephrology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA.
authors.forename: David
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Pearce
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA.
authors.forename: John
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Kurhanewicz
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA.
authors.forename: Peder E Z
authors.identifier: 0000-0003-4183-3634
authors.initials: PE
authors.lastname: Larson
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA.
authors.forename: Daniel B
authors.initials: DB
authors.lastname: Vigneron
authors.affiliation: Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA.
authors.forename: Matthew
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Merritt
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001786:Blood Glucose / Q000378:metabolism; D002247:Carbon Isotopes / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism*; D004098:Dihydroxyacetone / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism*; D005632:Fructose / Q000032:analysis / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism*; D005947:Glucose / Q000032:analysis / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism*; D007091:Image Processing, Computer-Assisted; D007668:Kidney / Q000737:chemistry / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000378:metabolism*; D008099:Liver / Q000737:chemistry / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000378:metabolism*; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley
chemical_list: D001786:Blood Glucose; D002247:Carbon Isotopes; D005632:Fructose; D005947:Glucose; D004098:Dihydroxyacetone
keywords: dynamic nuclear polarization; gluconeogenesis; glycerol-3-phosphate; glycolysis; hyperpolarization; metabolic imaging; phosphoenolpyruvate