title: Imagery rescripting as a clinical intervention for aversive memories: A meta-analysis.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Literature suggests that imagery rescripting (ImRs) is an effective psychological intervention.
  
  
  METHODS
  We conducted a meta-analysis of ImRs for psychological complaints that are associated with aversive memories. Relevant publications were collected from the databases Medline, PsychInfo, and Web of Science.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The search identified 19 trials (including seven randomized controlled trials) with 363 adult patients with posttraumatic stress disorder (eight trials), social anxiety disorder (six trials), body dysmorphic disorder (two trials), major depression (one trial), bulimia nervosa (one trial), or obsessive compulsive disorder (one trial). ImRs was administered over a mean of 4.5 sessions (range, 1-16). Effect size estimates suggest that ImRs is largely effective in reducing symptoms from pretreatment to posttreatment and follow-up in the overall sample (Hedges' g = 1.22 and 1.79, respectively). The comparison of ImRs to passive treatment conditions resulted in a large effect size (g = 0.90) at posttreatment. Finally, the effects of ImRs on comorbid depression, aversive imagery, and encapsulated beliefs were also large.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Most of the analyses involved pre-post comparisons and the findings are limited by the small number of randomized controlled trials.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our findings indicate that ImRs is a promising intervention for psychological complaints related to aversive memories, with large effects obtained in a small number of session.
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychology, University of Münster, Münster, Germany. Electronic address: morina@uni-muenster.de.
authors.forename: Nexhmedin
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Morina
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical Psychology, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Jaap
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Lancee
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical Psychology, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Arnoud
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Arntz
mesh_terms: D002986:Clinical Trials as Topic; D016206:Databases, Bibliographic / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D006801:Humans; D019018:Imagery, Psychotherapy / Q000379:methods*; D001523:Mental Disorders / Q000523:psychology* / Q000534:rehabilitation*; D016896:Treatment Outcome
keywords: Aversive memories; Imagery rescripting; Intervention; Meta-analysis