title: Blood coagulation in immunothrombosis-At the frontline of intravascular immunity.
abstract: While hemostasis is the physiological process that prevents blood loss after vessel injury, thrombosis is often portrayed as a pathologic event involving blood coagulation and platelet aggregation eventually leading to vascular occlusion and tissue damage. However, recent work suggests that thrombosis can also be a physiological process, termed immunothrombosis, initiated by the innate immune system providing a first line of defense to locally control infection. Fibrin forms the structural basis of immunothrombotic clots and its assembly involves the concerted action of coagulation factors, platelets and leukocytes. Here, we summarize the cellular and molecular events that initiate fibrin formation during the innate immune response and discuss how aberrant activation of these pathways fosters pathologies associated with thrombosis, including disseminated intravascular coagulation and atherothrombosis.
authors.affiliation: Medizinische Klinik und Poliklinik I, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, Munich, 81377, Germany. Electronic address: F.Gaertner@med.uni-muenchen.de.
authors.forename: Florian
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Gaertner
authors.affiliation: Medizinische Klinik und Poliklinik I, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, Munich, 81377, Germany. Electronic address: Steffen.Massberg@med.uni-muenchen.de.
authors.forename: Steffen
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Massberg
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001777:Blood Coagulation / Q000276:immunology; D001779:Blood Coagulation Factors / Q000378:metabolism; D001792:Blood Platelets / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism; D005337:Fibrin / Q000378:metabolism; D006487:Hemostasis / Q000276:immunology; D054884:Host-Pathogen Interactions / Q000276:immunology; D006801:Humans; D007113:Immunity, Innate; D007962:Leukocytes / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism; D011485:Protein Binding; D013927:Thrombosis / Q000097:blood* / Q000209:etiology*
chemical_list: D001779:Blood Coagulation Factors; D005337:Fibrin
keywords: Coagulation; Fibrin; Host defense; Immunothrombosis; Innate immunity; Leukocytes; Platelets