title: Differences in concentration of metal debris in blood, serum, and plasma samples of patients with metal-on-metal hip resurfacing arthroplasty.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Cobalt and chromium are released from MOM hips and their precise nature (ions/particles) is not known. Their distribution in serum, plasma, and whole blood may help to determine their nature.
  
  
  METHODS
  We measured cobalt and chromium concentrations in plasma, serum, and whole blood samples of patients with resurfacing MOM hips.
  
  
  RESULTS
  We found that chromium concentration was highest in plasma, followed by serum and whole blood. Chromium and cobalt concentrations were higher in serum and plasma, compared to whole blood.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  We, therefore, suggest that in future cobalt and chromium concentrations shall be reported using plasma samples.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Orthopaedics, The Robert Jones and Agnes Hunt Orthopaedic and District Hospital, Oswestry, Shropshire SY10 7AG, United Kingdom.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Khan
authors.affiliation: Institute of Orthopaedics, The Robert Jones and Agnes Hunt Orthopaedic and District Hospital, Oswestry, Shropshire SY10 7AG, United Kingdom.
authors.forename: J H
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Kuiper
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical Biochemistry, University Hospital Southampton NHS Foundation Trust, Southampton SO16 6YD, United Kingdom.
authors.forename: Christine
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Sieniawska
authors.affiliation: Institute of Orthopaedics, The Robert Jones and Agnes Hunt Orthopaedic and District Hospital, Oswestry, Shropshire SY10 7AG, United Kingdom.
authors.forename: J B
authors.initials: JB
authors.lastname: Richardson
keywords: Chromium; Cobalt; Metal ions; Plasma; Serum