title: Actin: Structure, Function, Dynamics, and Interactions with Bacterial Toxins.
abstract: Actin is one of the most abundant proteins in any eukaryotic cell and an indispensable component of the cytoskeleton. In mammalian organisms, six highly conserved actin isoforms can be distinguished, which differ by only a few amino acids. In non-muscle cells, actin polymerizes into actin filaments that form actin structures essential for cell shape stabilization, and participates in a number of motile activities like intracellular vesicle transport, cytokinesis, and also cell locomotion. Here, we describe the structure of monomeric and polymeric actin, the polymerization kinetics, and its regulation by actin-binding proteins. Probably due to its conserved nature and abundance, actin and its regulating factors have emerged as prefered targets of bacterial toxins and effectors, which subvert the host actin cytoskeleton to serve bacterial needs.
authors.affiliation: Department of Cell Biology and Infection, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France.
authors.forename: Sonja
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Kühn
authors.affiliation: Department of Anatomy and Molecular Embryology, Ruhr-University, Bochum, Germany. hans.g.mannherz@rub.de.
authors.forename: Hans Georg
authors.initials: HG
authors.lastname: Mannherz
mesh_terms: D000199:Actins / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D000818:Animals; D001419:Bacteria / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D001424:Bacterial Infections / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000382:microbiology; D001427:Bacterial Toxins / Q000378:metabolism*; D006801:Humans; D008840:Microfilament Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D011485:Protein Binding
chemical_list: D000199:Actins; D001427:Bacterial Toxins; D008840:Microfilament Proteins