title: Recycling of waste tire rubber: Microwave devulcanization and incorporation in a thermoset resin.
abstract: This study focused on the possibility of recycling Waste Tire Rubber (WTR) to be used as polymer modifier. Thus, WTR was grinded into powder, at ambient temperature, with a disc mill PQ500 and microwave electromagnetic energy was used to devulcanize this powder with the final aim of producing a new composite by its incorporation in a thermoset resin. The influence of the treatment microwave energy on the devulcanization ratio was investigated. FTIR analysis revealed that rupture of Sulfur-Sulfur (SS) and Carbon-Sulfur (CS) bonds have occurred during the treatment. Swelling analysis showed that the microwave treatment can lead to a very significant degree of devulcanization. The Ground Tire Rubber (GTR) and the Devulcanized Ground Tire Rubber (DGTR) were then separately used to prepare epoxy based composites. It appeared that epoxy composites filled with DGTR have better mechanical properties than those filled with untreated GTR. This result agrees with scanning electron microscopy observations which highlighted a better interface coherence between DGTR and epoxy. A complementary analysis pointed out a linear relationship between the rubber modulus and the number of crosslink per chain.
authors.affiliation: LEC2M, Université Mouloud Mammeri de Tizi-Ouzou, B.P. 17, Hasnaoua, 15000 Tizi-Ouzou, Algeria.
authors.forename: Karima
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Aoudia
authors.affiliation: LEC2M, Université Mouloud Mammeri de Tizi-Ouzou, B.P. 17, Hasnaoua, 15000 Tizi-Ouzou, Algeria.
authors.forename: Saïd
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Azem
authors.affiliation: LMR, INSA Centre Val de Loire, 3 rue de la Chocolaterie, BP 3410, 41034 Blois Cedex, France. Electronic address: nourredine.aithocine@insa-cvl.fr.
authors.forename: Nourredine
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Aït Hocine
authors.affiliation: LMR, INSA Centre Val de Loire, 3 rue de la Chocolaterie, BP 3410, 41034 Blois Cedex, France.
authors.forename: Michel
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Gratton
authors.affiliation: INTEMA, CONICET, University of Mar del Plata, Av. Juan B. Justo 4302, B7608FDQ Mar del Plata, Argentina.
authors.forename: Valeria
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Pettarin
authors.affiliation: PHENIX TECHNOLGIES, 29 Rue de Champfroid, 28800 Sancheville, France.
authors.forename: Saïd
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Seghar
mesh_terms: D008855:Microscopy, Electron, Scanning; D008872:Microwaves; D059027:Recycling / Q000379:methods*; D012408:Rubber; D017550:Spectroscopy, Fourier Transform Infrared; D018505:Waste Management / Q000379:methods
chemical_list: D012408:Rubber
keywords: Composite; Devulcanization; Epoxy; Microwave; Recycling; Waste tire rubber