title: The Stress-Response MAP Kinase Signaling in Cardiac Arrhythmias.
abstract: Stress-response kinases, the mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs) are activated in response to the challenge of a myriad of stressors. c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK), extracellular signal-regulated kinases (ERKs), and p38 MAPKs are the predominant members of the MAPK family in the heart. Extensive studies have revealed critical roles of activated MAPKs in the processes of cardiac injury and heart failure and many other cardiovascular diseases. Recently, emerging evidence suggests that MAPKs also promote the development of cardiac arrhythmias. Thus, understanding the functional impact of MAPKs in the heart could shed new light on the development of novel therapeutic approaches to improve cardiac function and prevent arrhythmia development in the patients. This review will summarize the recent findings on the role of MAPKs in cardiac remodeling and arrhythmia development and point to the critical need of future studies to further elucidate the fundamental mechanisms of MAPK activation and arrhythmia development in the heart.
authors.affiliation: Department of Molecular Biophysics and Physiology, Rush University Medical Center, 1750 W Harrison St, Chicago, IL, 60612, USA. xun_ai@rush.edu.
authors.forename: Xun
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Ai
authors.affiliation: Department of Molecular Biophysics and Physiology, Rush University Medical Center, 1750 W Harrison St, Chicago, IL, 60612, USA.
authors.forename: Jiajie
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Yan
authors.affiliation: Department of Molecular Biophysics and Physiology, Rush University Medical Center, 1750 W Harrison St, Chicago, IL, 60612, USA.
authors.forename: Elena
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Carrillo
authors.affiliation: Department of Molecular Biophysics and Physiology, Rush University Medical Center, 1750 W Harrison St, Chicago, IL, 60612, USA.
authors.forename: Wenmao
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Ding
mesh_terms: D001145:Arrhythmias, Cardiac / Q000201:enzymology* / Q000503:physiopathology; D002118:Calcium / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D020935:MAP Kinase Signaling System
chemical_list: D002118:Calcium
keywords: Aging; Arrhythmia; Cardiovascular diseases; Heart; Mitogen-activated protein kinases; Stress