title: Real-world evaluation of the effectiveness of reversing camera and parking sensor technologies in preventing backover pedestrian injuries.
abstract: Backover injuries to pedestrians are a significant road safety issue, but their prevalence is underestimated as the majority of such injuries are often outside the scope of official road injury recording systems, which just focus on public roads. Based on experimental evidence, reversing cameras have been found to be effective in reducing the rate of collisions when reversing; the evidence for the effectiveness of reverse parking sensors has been mixed. The wide availability of these technologies in recent model vehicles provides impetus for real-world evaluations using crash data. A logistic model was fitted to data from crashes that occurred on public roads constituting 3172 pedestrian injuries in New Zealand and four Australian States to estimate the odds of backover injury (compared to other sorts of pedestrian injury crashes) for the different technology combinations fitted as standard equipment (both reversing cameras and sensors; just reversing cameras; just sensors; neither cameras nor sensors) controlling for vehicle type, jurisdiction, speed limit area and year of manufacture restricted to the range 2007-2013. Compared to vehicles without any of these technologies, reduced odds of backover injury were estimated for all three of these technology configurations: 0.59 (95% CI 0.39-0.88) for reversing cameras by themselves; 0.70 (95% CI 0.49-1.01) for both reversing cameras and sensors; 0.69 (95% CI 0.47-1.03) for reverse parking sensors by themselves. These findings are important as they are the first to our knowledge to present an assessment of real-world safety effectiveness of these technologies.
authors.affiliation: University of Otago, New Zealand. Electronic address: michael.keall@otago.ac.nz.
authors.forename: M D
authors.initials: MD
authors.lastname: Keall
authors.affiliation: Monash University Accident Research Centre, Victoria, Australia.
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Fildes
authors.affiliation: Monash University Accident Research Centre, Victoria, Australia.
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Newstead
mesh_terms: D000056:Accident Prevention / Q000295:instrumentation* / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D000063:Accidents, Traffic / Q000517:prevention & control*; D001315:Australia; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008962:Models, Theoretical; D009520:New Zealand; D000069636:Pedestrians / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D012449:Safety / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D013672:Technology; D014741:Video Recording; D014947:Wounds and Injuries / Q000517:prevention & control
keywords: Induced exposure; Pedestrian injury; Reverse parking sensors; Reversing cameras