title: Alpha-glucosidase Inhibitory and Antioxidant Potential of Antidiabetic HerbAlternanthera sessilis: Comparative Analyses of Leaf and Callus Solvent Fractions.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Alternanthera sessilisis a medicinal herb which is consumed as vegetable and used as traditional remedies of various ailments in Asia and Africa.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  This study aimed to investigate the antiglucosidase and antioxidant activity of solvent fractions ofA. sessilisleaf and callus.
  
  
  METHODS
  Leaf and callus methanol extracts were fractionated to produce hexane, chloroform, ethyl acetate, butanol, and water fractions. Antiglucosidase and 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl scavenging activities as well as total phenolic (TP), total flavonoid (TF), and total coumarin (TC) contents were evaluated. Lineweaver-Burk plot analysis was performed on leaf and callus fractions with the strongest antiglucosidase activity.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Leaf ethyl acetate fraction (LEF) had the strongest antiglucosidase (EC500.55 mg/mL) and radical scavenging (EC5010.81 μg/mL) activity among leaf fractions. Callus ethyl acetate fraction (CEF) and chloroform fraction had the highest antiglucosidase (EC500.25 mg/mL) and radical scavenging (EC5034.12 μg/mL) activity, respectively, among callus fractions. LEF and CEF were identified as noncompetitive and competitive α-glucosidase inhibitors, respectively. LEF and CEF had greater antiglucosidase activity than acarbose. Leaf fractions had higher phytochemical contents than callus fractions. LEF had the highest TP, TF, and TC contents. Antiglucosidase and antioxidant activities of leaf fractions correlated with phytochemical contents.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  LEF had potent antiglucosidase activity and concurrent antioxidant activity. CEF had the highest antiglucosidase activity among all fractions. Callus culture is a promising tool for enhancing production of potent α-glucosidase inhibitors.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Leaf ethyl acetate fraction (LEF) had the strongest antiglucosidase (EC500.55 mg/mL) and radical scavenging (EC5010.81 μg/mL) activity among leaf fractionsCallus ethyl acetate fraction (CEF) and chloroform fraction had the highest antiglucosidase (EC500.25 mg/mL) and radical scavenging (EC5034.12 μg/mL) activity, respectively, among callus fractionsLEF and CEF were identified as noncompetitive and competitive á-glucosidase inhibitors, respectivelyAntiglucosidase and antioxidant activities of leaf fractions correlated with phytochemical contents.Abbreviations used:LHF: Leaf hexane fraction, LCF: Leaf chloroform fraction, LEF: Leaf ethyl acetate fraction, LBF: Leaf butanol fraction, LWF: Leaf water fraction, CHF: Callus hexane fraction, CCF: Callus chloroform fraction, CEF: Callus ethyl acetate fraction, CBF: Callus butanol fraction, CWF: Callus water fraction, TP: Total phenolic, TF: Total flavonoid, TC: Total coumarin.
authors.affiliation: Centre for Biodiversity Research, Universiti Tunku Abdul Rahman, Kampar, Malaysia; Department of Chemical Science, Faculty of Science, Universiti Tunku Abdul Rahman, Kampar, Malaysia.
authors.forename: Tsun-Thai
authors.initials: TT
authors.lastname: Chai
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemical Science, Faculty of Science, Universiti Tunku Abdul Rahman, Kampar, Malaysia.
authors.forename: Chee-Siong
authors.initials: CS
authors.lastname: Khoo
authors.affiliation: Centre for Biodiversity Research, Universiti Tunku Abdul Rahman, Kampar, Malaysia; Department of Biological Science, Faculty of Science, Universiti Tunku Abdul Rahman, Kampar, Malaysia.
authors.forename: Chong-Siang
authors.initials: CS
authors.lastname: Tee
authors.affiliation: Centre for Biodiversity Research, Universiti Tunku Abdul Rahman, Kampar, Malaysia; Department of Chemical Science, Faculty of Science, Universiti Tunku Abdul Rahman, Kampar, Malaysia.
authors.forename: Fai-Chu
authors.initials: FC
authors.lastname: Wong
keywords: Alternanthera sessilis; antiglucosidase; antioxidant; callus; leaf