title: Memory by association: Integrating memories prolongs retention by two-year-olds.
abstract: Recalling one memory often leads to the recollection of other memories that share overlapping features. This phenomenon, spreading activation, was originally documented in studies conducted with verbal adults, and more recently, it has been demonstrated with preverbal infants. Here, we examine the effect of spreading activation on long-term retention by 2-year-olds. Participants were tested in the Visual Recognition Memory (VRM) paradigm and the deferred imitation paradigm. Typically, infants of this age exhibit retention in the VRM paradigm for 24h, while they exhibit retention in the deferred imitation paradigm for at least 8 weeks. In the present experiment, we paired these tasks together during original encoding and tested infants after an 8-week delay. Two-year-olds exhibited retention in both tasks. That is, when these two tasks initially occurred together - one task that is extremely memorable and one that is not - retrieving the memory of the more memorable task cued retrieval of the less memorable task, extending its longevity.
authors.affiliation: Psychology Department, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand. Electronic address: hayne@psy.otago.ac.nz.
authors.forename: Harlene
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Hayne
authors.affiliation: Psychology Department, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand.
authors.forename: Julien
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Gross
mesh_terms: D001245:Association Learning / Q000502:physiology*; D002675:Child, Preschool; D003463:Cues; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008568:Memory / Q000502:physiology*; D011939:Mental Recall / Q000502:physiology; D010364:Pattern Recognition, Visual / Q000502:physiology*; D010775:Photic Stimulation / Q000379:methods*; D012153:Retention, Psychology / Q000502:physiology*; D013997:Time Factors
keywords: Deferred imitation; Infants; Long-term retention; Spreading activation; Visual recognition memory