title: Effect of dietary supplementation with clay-based binders on biochemical and histopathological changes in organs of turkey fed with aflatoxin-contaminated diets.
abstract: This study was carried out to investigate the effect of dietary supplementation with molecular or nano-clay binders on biochemical and histopathological examination of organs of turkeys fed diets contaminated with aflatoxin B1.Two hundred and sixteen unsexed 1-day-old British United Turkeys were randomly allotted to nine diets in a 3 × 3 factorial arrangement of diets supplemented with no toxin binder, molecular toxin binder (MTB) and nano-clay toxin binder, each contaminated with 0, 60 and 110 ppb aflatoxin B1respectively. There were three replicates per treatment with eight turkeys per replicate. Biochemical analyses, organ weights and histopathological changes of some organs were examined at the end of the study which lasted for 84 days. Turkeys fed diets supplemented with molecular and nano-binders showed higher (p < 0.001) total serum protein, reduced (p < 0.001) serum uric acid and GGT concentration values when compared with those fed aflatoxin-contaminated diets supplemented with no binder. Turkeys fed aflatoxin-contaminated diets supplemented with no binder had increased (p < 0.001) AST and ALT concentration when compared with other treatments. The heaviest (p < 0.001) liver and intestinal weight was noticed with turkeys fed diets supplemented with no binder and contaminated with 110 ppb aflatoxin B1. Pathologically, there was no visible morphological alteration noticed in all turkeys fed uncontaminated diets and nano-clay-supplemented group. Hepatic paleness, hepatomegaly and yellowish discolouration of the liver were observed with turkeys fed diets containing no binder but contaminated with 60 and 110 ppb aflatoxin B1. Intestinal histopathological changes such as goblet cell hyperplasia, villous atrophy and diffuse lymphocytic enteritis were more prominent in turkeys fed diets containing no toxin binder and MTB. In conclusion, there were improved biochemical parameters and reduced deleterious effects of aflatoxin B1in turkeys fed diet supplemented with clay binders. However, the improvement was more conspicuous in the nano-clay-supplemented group than molecular clay group.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Food Security, Environmental Resources and Agricultural Research, Federal University of Agriculture, Abeokuta, Ogun State, Nigeria.
authors.forename: A O
authors.initials: AO
authors.lastname: Lala
authors.affiliation: Department of Veterinary Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Federal University of Agriculture, Abeokuta, Ogun State, Nigeria.
authors.forename: O L
authors.initials: OL
authors.lastname: Ajayi
authors.affiliation: Department of Animal Nutrition, Federal University of Agriculture, Abeokuta, Ogun State, Nigeria.
authors.forename: A O
authors.initials: AO
authors.lastname: Oso
authors.affiliation: Department of Animal Nutrition, Federal University of Agriculture, Abeokuta, Ogun State, Nigeria.
authors.forename: M O
authors.initials: MO
authors.lastname: Ajao
authors.affiliation: Avian Unit, Veterinary Medicine and Surgery, Federal University of Agriculture, Abeokuta, Ogun State, Nigeria.
authors.forename: O O
authors.initials: OO
authors.lastname: Oni
authors.affiliation: Institute of Food Security, Environmental Resources and Agricultural Research, Federal University of Agriculture, Abeokuta, Ogun State, Nigeria.
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Okwelum
authors.affiliation: Department of Animal Nutrition, Federal University of Agriculture, Abeokuta, Ogun State, Nigeria.
authors.forename: O M O
authors.initials: OM
authors.lastname: Idowu
mesh_terms: D000348:Aflatoxins / Q000737:chemistry / Q000633:toxicity*; D000538:Aluminum Silicates / Q000737:chemistry*; D000821:Animal Feed / Q000032:analysis*; D000818:Animals; D000077215:Clay; D004032:Diet / Q000662:veterinary; D019587:Dietary Supplements; D005260:Female; D005506:Food Contamination; D008297:Male; D014422:Turkeys / Q000097:blood / Q000502:physiology*
chemical_list: D000348:Aflatoxins; D000538:Aluminum Silicates; D000077215:Clay
keywords: aflatoxin B1; histopathology; molecular and nano-clay toxin binders; serum biochemistry; turkeys