title: Anti-Inflammatory Effect of Ethanolic Extract of Sargassum serratifolium in Lipopolysaccharide-Stimulated BV2 Microglial Cells.
abstract: Sargassum serratifolium was found to contain high concentrations of meroterpenoids, having strong antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and neuroprotective activities. This study aims to investigate the anti-inflammatory mechanisms of an ethanolic extract of S. serratifolium (ESS) using lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated BV2 microglial cells and to identify the anti-inflammatory components in ESS. The level of proinflammatory cytokines was measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. The expression of inflammation-related proteins and mRNA was evaluated by Western blot and reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction analysis, respectively. Anti-inflammatory activities of isolated components from ESS were analyzed in LPS-stimulated BV2 cells. ESS inhibited LPS-induced nitric oxide (NO) and prostaglandin E2and the expression of inducible NO synthase and cyclooxygenase-2. ESS also decreased the release of proinflammatory cytokines in a dose-dependent manner. LPS-induced nuclear factor-kappa B (κB) transcriptional activity and translocation into the nucleus were remarkably suppressed by ESS through the prevention of inhibitor κB-α degradation. The main anti-inflammatory components in ESS were identified as sargahydroquinoic acid, sargachromenol, and sargaquinoic acid based on the inhibition of NO production using LPS-stimulated BV2 cells. Furthermore, treatment with ESS significantly reduced levels of tumor necrosis factor-α and interleukin-1β stimulated with LPS in mouse hippocampus. Our results indicate that ESS can be used as a functional food or therapeutic agent for the treatment of neuroinflammatory diseases.
authors.affiliation: 1 Department of Food and Nutrition, Pukyoung National University , Busan, Korea.
authors.forename: Sun-Ji
authors.initials: SJ
authors.lastname: Oh
authors.affiliation: 1 Department of Food and Nutrition, Pukyoung National University , Busan, Korea.
authors.forename: Eun-Ji
authors.initials: EJ
authors.lastname: Joung
authors.affiliation: 1 Department of Food and Nutrition, Pukyoung National University , Busan, Korea.
authors.forename: Mi-Sung
authors.initials: MS
authors.lastname: Kwon
authors.affiliation: 2 College of Pharmacy, Pusan National University , Busan, Korea.
authors.forename: Bonggi
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.affiliation: 3 Department of Pathobiological Science, School of Veterinary Medicine, Louisiana State University , Baton Rouge, Louisiana, USA .
authors.forename: Tadanobu
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Utsuki
authors.affiliation: 4 Department of Marine Biology, Pukyoung National University , Busan, Korea.
authors.forename: Chul-Woong
authors.initials: CW
authors.lastname: Oh
authors.affiliation: 1 Department of Food and Nutrition, Pukyoung National University , Busan, Korea.
authors.forename: Hyeung-Rak
authors.initials: HR
authors.lastname: Kim
mesh_terms: D000475:Alkenes / Q000494:pharmacology; D000818:Animals; D000893:Anti-Inflammatory Agents / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology*; D001578:Benzopyrans / Q000494:pharmacology; D016227:Benzoquinones / Q000494:pharmacology; D002460:Cell Line; D049109:Cell Proliferation / Q000187:drug effects; D002470:Cell Survival / Q000187:drug effects; D051546:Cyclooxygenase 2 / Q000378:metabolism; D016207:Cytokines / Q000378:metabolism; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D007249:Inflammation / Q000378:metabolism; D008070:Lipopolysaccharides / Q000494:pharmacology*; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D008813:Mice, Inbred ICR; D017628:Microglia / Q000166:cytology / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism; D016328:NF-kappa B / Q000378:metabolism; D009569:Nitric Oxide / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000378:metabolism; D052247:Nitric Oxide Synthase Type II / Q000378:metabolism; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000737:chemistry / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000494:pharmacology*; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000187:drug effects; D011897:Random Allocation; D044647:Sargassum / Q000737:chemistry*; D015398:Signal Transduction / Q000187:drug effects
chemical_list: D000475:Alkenes; D000893:Anti-Inflammatory Agents; D001578:Benzopyrans; D016227:Benzoquinones; D016207:Cytokines; D008070:Lipopolysaccharides; D016328:NF-kappa B; D010936:Plant Extracts; D012333:RNA, Messenger; C503204:sargachromenol; C528847:sargahydroquinoic acid; C477718:sargaquinoic acid; D009569:Nitric Oxide; D052247:Nitric Oxide Synthase Type II; C077623:Ptgs2 protein, mouse; D051546:Cyclooxygenase 2
keywords: Sargassum serratifolium; anti-inflammation; sargachromenol; sargahydroquinoic acid; sargaquinoic acid