title: On the assessment of bridging vein rupture associated acute subdural hematoma through finite element analysis.
abstract: Acute subdural hematoma (ASDH) is a type of intracranial haemorrhage following head impact, with high mortality rates. Bridging vein (BV) rupture is a major cause of ASDH, which is why a biofidelic representation of BVs in finite element (FE) head models is essential for the successful prediction of ASDH. We investigated the mechanical behavior of BVs in the KTH FE head model. First, a sensitivity study quantified the effect of loading conditions and mechanical properties on BV strain. It was found that the peak rotational velocity and acceleration and pulse duration have a pronounced effect on the BV strains. Both Young's modulus and diameter are also negatively correlated with the BV strains. A normalized multiple linear regression model using Young's modulus, outer diameter and peak rotational velocity to predict the BV strain yields an adjusted [Formula: see text]-value of 0.81. Secondly, cadaver head impact experiments were simulated with varying sets of mechanical properties, upon which the amount of successful BV rupture predictions was evaluated. The success rate fluctuated between 67 and 75%. To further increase the predictive capability of FE head models w.r.t. BV rupture, future work should be directed towards improvement of the BV representation, both geometrically and mechanically.
authors.affiliation: a Biomechanics Section , KU Leuven , Leuven , Belgium .
authors.forename: Zhao Ying
authors.initials: ZY
authors.lastname: Cui
authors.affiliation: a Biomechanics Section , KU Leuven , Leuven , Belgium .
authors.forename: Nele
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Famaey
authors.affiliation: b Department of Neurosurgery , University Hospital Gasthuisberg, KU Leuven , Belgium .
authors.forename: Bart
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Depreitere
authors.affiliation: c Composite Materials Group, Department of Metallurgy and Materials Engineering , KU Leuven , Belgium .
authors.forename: Jan
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Ivens
authors.affiliation: d Neuronic Engineering, School of Technology and Health , KTH Royal Institute of Technology , Stockholm , Sweden .
authors.forename: Svein
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Kleiven
authors.affiliation: a Biomechanics Section , KU Leuven , Leuven , Belgium .
authors.forename: Jos
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Vander Sloten
mesh_terms: D000054:Acceleration; D001696:Biomechanical Phenomena; D002102:Cadaver; D003198:Computer Simulation; D055119:Elastic Modulus; D020342:Finite Element Analysis; D020199:Hematoma, Subdural, Acute / Q000473:pathology*; D006801:Humans; D016014:Linear Models; D015999:Multivariate Analysis; D012421:Rupture; D014680:Veins / Q000473:pathology*
keywords: Bridging veins; acute subdural hematoma; finite element modelling; head impact; mechanical properties