title: Psychometric Properties of the Persian Version of the Simple Shoulder Test (SST) Questionnaire.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  To validate the Persian version of the simple shoulder test in patients with shoulder joint problems.
  
  
  METHODS
  Following Beaton`s guideline, translation and back translation was conducted. We reached to a consensus on the Persian version of SST. To test the face validity in a pilot study, the Persian SST was administered to 20 individuals with shoulder joint conditions. We enrolled 148 consecutive patients with shoulder problem to fill the Persian SST, shoulder specific measure including Oxford shoulder score (OSS) and two general measures including DASH and SF-36. To measure the test-retest reliability, 42 patients were randomly asked to fill the Persian-SST for the second time after one week. Cronbach's alpha coefficient was used to demonstrate internal consistency over the 12 items of Persian-SST.
  
  
  RESULTS
  ICC for the total questionnaire was 0.61 showing good and acceptable test-retest reliability. ICC for individual items ranged from 0.32 to 0.79. The total Cronbach's alpha was 0.84 showing good internal consistency over the 12 items of the Persian-SST. Validity testing showed strong correlation between SST and OSS and DASH. The correlation with OSS was positive while with DASH scores was negative. The correlation was also good to strong with all physical and most mental subscales of the SF-36. Correlation coefficient was higher with DASH and OSS in compare to SF-36.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Persian version of SST found to be valid and reliable instrument for shoulder joint pain and function assessment in Iranian population.
authors.affiliation: Orthopedic Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
authors.forename: Mohammad H
authors.initials: MH
authors.lastname: Ebrahimzadeh
authors.affiliation: Orthopedic Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
authors.forename: Ehsan
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Vahedi
authors.affiliation: Orthopedic Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
authors.forename: Aslan
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Baradaran
authors.affiliation: Orthopedic Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
authors.forename: Ali
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Birjandinejad
authors.affiliation: Orthopedic Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
authors.forename: Seyyed-Hadi
authors.initials: SH
authors.lastname: Seyyed-Hoseinian
authors.affiliation: Orthopedic Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
authors.forename: Farshid
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Bagheri
authors.affiliation: Orthopedic Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
authors.forename: Amir Reza
authors.initials: AR
authors.lastname: Kachooei
keywords: Persian; Reliability; Simple shoulder test; Validity