title: Sequence and localization of an ultraviolet (sws1) opsin in the retina of the Japanese sardine Sardinops melanostictus (Teleostei: Clupeiformes).
abstract: A full-length complementary (c)DNA encoding ultraviolet (UV)-sensitive opsin (sws1) was isolated from the retina of the Japanese sardine Sardinops melanostictus. The sws1 phylogenetic tree showed a sister group relationship with the Cypriniformes, following the ray-finned fish phylogeny. By expressing reconstituted opsin in vitro, it was determined that the maximum absorbance spectrum (λmax) of sws1 is around 382 nm, being intermediate in position between two subtypes of sws1 pigment that are UV sensitive (λmax= 355-380 nm) and violet sensitive (λmax= 388-455 nm), which have been reported to date. The ocular media transmitted >20% transmittance of light in the range of 360-600 nm. In situ hybridization analyses revealed that sws1 messenger (m)RNA is localized in a central single cone surrounded by four double cones in a square mosaic. The square mosaic occupies the ventro-temporal quadrant of the retina and the in situ hybridization signals were dominant in this area suggesting that the fish may use UV vision when looking upward. Based on these results, considerable significances of potential UV sensitivity, in relation to characteristic habits of S. melanostictus, are discussed.
authors.affiliation: Department of Life Sciences, Graduate School of Bioresources, Mie University, Kurimamachiya 1577, Tsu, Mie, 514-8507, Japan.
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Miyazaki
authors.affiliation: A. V. Zhirmunsky Institute of Marine Biology, Far Eastern Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, Vladivostok, 690041, Russia.
authors.forename: S L
authors.initials: SL
authors.lastname: Kondrashev
authors.affiliation: School of Marine Biosciences, Kitasato University, Kitasato 1-15-1, Minami-ku, Sagamihara, Kanagawa, 252-0373, Japan.
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Kasagi
authors.affiliation: School of Marine Biosciences, Kitasato University, Kitasato 1-15-1, Minami-ku, Sagamihara, Kanagawa, 252-0373, Japan.
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Mizusawa
authors.affiliation: School of Marine Biosciences, Kitasato University, Kitasato 1-15-1, Minami-ku, Sagamihara, Kanagawa, 252-0373, Japan.
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Takahashi
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D005399:Fishes / Q000502:physiology*; D005786:Gene Expression Regulation / Q000502:physiology*; D017403:In Situ Hybridization; D008027:Light; D010802:Phylogeny; D021381:Protein Transport; D012160:Retina; D017949:Retinal Cone Photoreceptor Cells / Q000502:physiology; D017299:Rod Opsins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D014785:Vision, Ocular
chemical_list: D017299:Rod Opsins
keywords: absorption spectrum; colour vision; retinal cones; visual pigment