title: Cystatin C Levels in Middle-Aged Patients with Obstructive Sleep Apnea Syndrome.
abstract: Background. Obstructive sleep apnea syndrome (OSAS) is associated with systemic inflammation and increased risk of cardiovascular and chronic kidney disease. Cystatin C (Cyst C) is a novel biomarker of both latent renal damage and cardiovascular disease. Aim of the study was to measure serum levels of Cyst C, as well as IL-8 and CRP, in otherwise healthy OSAS patients.Methods. 84 individuals examined with polysomnography for OSAS symptoms without known comorbidities were prospectively recruited.Results. According to apnea hypopnea index (AHI) subjects were divided in two groups: OSAS group (AHI > 5/hour,n= 64) and controls (AHI < 5/hour,n= 20), which were age- and BMI-matched. Cyst C levels were higher in OSAS patients versus controls (1176.13 ± 351.33 versus 938.60 ± 245.83 ng/mL, resp.;p= 0.017) while serum IL-8 and CRP levels did not differ significantly. Positive correlation was found between Cyst C levels and respiratory disturbance index (RDI) (r= 0.240,p= 0.039) and percentage of time with oxygen saturation <90% (r= 0.290,p= 0.02) and negative correlation was found between Cyst C levels and average oxygen saturation during sleep (r= -0.291,p= 0.012). After adjustment for age and BMI, RDI was the only independent predictor of Cyst C levels (β= 0.256,p= 0.039).Conclusion. Cyst C serum levels are increased in OSAS patients without comorbidities, suggesting an increased renal and cardiovascular disease risk.
authors.affiliation: Master Program in Sleep Medicine, Medical School, Democritus University of Thrace, Alexandroupolis, Greece.
authors.forename: Kostas
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Archontogeorgis
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Hygiene and Environmental Protection, Medical School, Democritus University of Thrace, Alexandroupolis, Greece.
authors.forename: Evangelia
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Nena
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Biopathology, University General Hospital of Evros, Alexandroupolis, Greece.
authors.forename: Christina
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Tsigalou
authors.affiliation: Department of Pneumonology, Medical School, Democritus University of Thrace, Alexandroupolis, Greece.
authors.forename: Athanasios
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Voulgaris
authors.affiliation: Department of Pneumonology, Medical School, Democritus University of Thrace, Alexandroupolis, Greece.
authors.forename: Maria
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Xanthoudaki
authors.affiliation: Department of Pneumonology, Medical School, Democritus University of Thrace, Alexandroupolis, Greece.
authors.forename: Marios
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Froudarakis
authors.affiliation: Master Program in Sleep Medicine, Medical School, Democritus University of Thrace, Alexandroupolis, Greece; Department of Pneumonology, Medical School, Democritus University of Thrace, Alexandroupolis, Greece.
authors.forename: Paschalis
authors.identifier: 0000-0001-7121-6253
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Steiropoulos
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D015992:Body Mass Index; D002097:C-Reactive Protein / Q000032:analysis; D002318:Cardiovascular Diseases / Q000209:etiology / Q000517:prevention & control; D055316:Cystatin C / Q000097:blood*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D016209:Interleukin-8 / Q000097:blood; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D017286:Polysomnography / Q000379:methods; D051436:Renal Insufficiency, Chronic / Q000209:etiology / Q000517:prevention & control; D012137:Respiratory System / Q000503:physiopathology; D012720:Severity of Illness Index; D020181:Sleep Apnea, Obstructive / Q000097:blood / Q000150:complications / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000503:physiopathology; D013223:Statistics as Topic
chemical_list: D055316:Cystatin C; D016209:Interleukin-8; D002097:C-Reactive Protein