title: sVCAM-1, sICAM-1, TNF-α and IL-6 levels in bipolar disorder type I: Acute, longitudinal and therapeutic implications.
abstract: To explore the serum levels of soluble vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 (sVCAM-1), soluble intercellular cell adhesion molecule-1 (sICAM-1), tumour necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) and interleukin-6 (IL-6) in patients with bipolar disorder (BD), with regard to acute episode characteristics, course of the disorder and treatment.
  
  
  
  The study group consisted of 83 patients diagnosed with BD type I. The control group consisted of 73 healthy individuals, matched with the study group according to age, gender and body mass index. The serum levels of sVCAM-1, sICAM-1, TNF-α and IL-6 were measured by ELISA.
  
  
  
  Compared with healthy controls, significantly elevated levels of IL-6 and sICAM-1 and significantly lower levels of TNF-α and sVCAM-1 were identified in acute and remission phases of BD. The acute serum levels of sVCAM-1 were associated with the type and severity of acute mood symptoms as well as with course of illness characteristics. TNF-α was associated with duration of untreated disorder and type of treatment.
  
  
  
  BD is related to both acute and long-term alterations of immune mediators, including adhesion molecules. The potential immunomodulatory role of pharmacotherapeutic treatment is also to be considered in BD.
authors.affiliation: a Clinic of Psychiatry , Clinical Centre of Serbia , Belgrade , Serbia.
authors.forename: Maja
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Pantović-Stefanović
authors.affiliation: b School of Medicine, University of Belgrade , Belgrade , Serbia.|c Institute of Clinical and Medical Biochemistry , Belgrade , Serbia.
authors.forename: Nataša
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Petronijević
authors.affiliation: a Clinic of Psychiatry , Clinical Centre of Serbia , Belgrade , Serbia.
authors.forename: Bojana
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Dunjić-Kostić
authors.affiliation: b School of Medicine, University of Belgrade , Belgrade , Serbia.|c Institute of Clinical and Medical Biochemistry , Belgrade , Serbia.
authors.forename: Milica
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Velimirović
authors.affiliation: b School of Medicine, University of Belgrade , Belgrade , Serbia.|c Institute of Clinical and Medical Biochemistry , Belgrade , Serbia.
authors.forename: Tatjana
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Nikolić
authors.affiliation: d School of Medicine, University of Kragujevac , Kragujevac , Serbia.
authors.forename: Vladimir
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Jurišić
authors.affiliation: a Clinic of Psychiatry , Clinical Centre of Serbia , Belgrade , Serbia.|b School of Medicine, University of Belgrade , Belgrade , Serbia.
authors.forename: Maja
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Lačković
authors.affiliation: a Clinic of Psychiatry , Clinical Centre of Serbia , Belgrade , Serbia.|b School of Medicine, University of Belgrade , Belgrade , Serbia.
authors.forename: Aleksandar
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Damjanović
authors.affiliation: a Clinic of Psychiatry , Clinical Centre of Serbia , Belgrade , Serbia.|b School of Medicine, University of Belgrade , Belgrade , Serbia.
authors.forename: Sanja
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Totić-Poznanović
authors.affiliation: a Clinic of Psychiatry , Clinical Centre of Serbia , Belgrade , Serbia.|b School of Medicine, University of Belgrade , Belgrade , Serbia.
authors.forename: Aleksandar A
authors.initials: AA
authors.lastname: Jovanović
authors.affiliation: a Clinic of Psychiatry , Clinical Centre of Serbia , Belgrade , Serbia.|b School of Medicine, University of Belgrade , Belgrade , Serbia.
authors.forename: Maja
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Ivković
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000097:blood; D001714:Bipolar Disorder / Q000097:blood*; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D018799:Intercellular Adhesion Molecule-1 / Q000097:blood*; D015850:Interleukin-6 / Q000097:blood*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D055771:Serbia; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000097:blood*; D019010:Vascular Cell Adhesion Molecule-1 / Q000097:blood*
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; C508600:IL6 protein, human; D015850:Interleukin-6; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha; D019010:Vascular Cell Adhesion Molecule-1; D018799:Intercellular Adhesion Molecule-1
keywords: Bipolar I disorder; adhesion molecules; biochemical markers; cytokines; neuroinflammation