title: Venous compression syndrome of internal jugular veins prevalence in patients with multiple sclerosis and chronic cerebro-spinal venous insufficiency.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Analysis of the incidence of Venous Compression Syndrome (VCS) with full block of the flow of the internal jugular veins (IJVs) in patients with Multiple Sclerosis and Chronic cerebro-spinal venous insufficiency.
  
  
  METHODS
  We included 769 patients with MS and CCSVI (299 males, 470 females) and 210 controls without ms and ccsvi (92 males, 118 females). each subject was investigated by echo-color-doppler (ecd). morphological and hemodynamic ecd data were recorded by a computerized mem-net maps of epidemiological national observatory on ccsvi and they were analyzed by mem-net clinical analysis programs.
  
  
  RESULTS
  VCS of IJVs occurs in 240 subjects affected by CCSVI and MS (31% of total) and in 12 controls (6% of total). The differences between the two groups are statistical significant (X² = 36.64, p<0.0001).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Up to day there are no longitudinal studies that allow us to identify the WC of jugular and/or vertebral veins as etiology of a chronic neurodegenerative disease, but we note that Venous Compression Syndrome of IJVs is strongly associated with MS and CCSVI.
  
  
  BACKGROUND
  Chronic Cerebro-Spinal Venous Insufficiency, Multiple Sclerosis, Venous Compression Syndrome.
authors.forename: Sandro
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Mandolesi
authors.forename: Tarcisio
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Niglio
authors.forename: Augusto
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Orsini
authors.forename: Simone
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: De Sio
authors.forename: Alessandro
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: d'Alessandro
authors.forename: Dimitri
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Mandolesi
authors.forename: Francesco
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Fedele
authors.forename: Aldo
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: d'Alessandro
mesh_terms: D002490:Central Nervous System / Q000098:blood supply*; D002560:Cerebrovascular Circulation; D005260:Female; D019416:Head Movements; D018056:Hemorheology; D006801:Humans; D007601:Jugular Veins / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D008297:Male; D008833:Microcirculation; D009103:Multiple Sclerosis / Q000150:complications*; D011187:Posture; D011312:Pressure; D015995:Prevalence; D013577:Syndrome; D018615:Ultrasonography, Doppler, Color; D014689:Venous Insufficiency / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000209:etiology