title: Metabolomics evaluation of the in vivo toxicity of bromoacetonitriles: One class of high-risk nitrogenous disinfection byproducts.
abstract: Bromoacetonitriles (BANs), one class of nitrogenous disinfection byproducts (N-DBPs), have frequently been detected in drinking water. The cytotoxicity and genotoxicity of BANs have been demonstrated in mammalian cells. However, a systematic study of the in vivo toxicity of BANs is rare. In this study, metabolomics combined with histopathology and oxidative stress analysis were used to evaluate the toxicity of BANs in mice. The results indicated that BAN exposure induced liver and kidney injury in mice. Furthermore, the superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) activities decreased, and the level of malonaldehyde (MDA) increased in mice livers due to BANs exposure, which indicated that hepatic oxidative stress was induced. These toxicities increased with an increasing number of bromine at the α carbon. In addition, BAN exposure disrupted the metabolic pathways of amino acid, energy and lipid metabolism in mice. Our results provide evidence for the comprehensive omics endpoints of the in vivo toxicity of BANs.
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210023, China.
authors.forename: Yongfeng
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Deng
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210023, China. Electronic address: yanzhang@nju.edu.cn.
authors.forename: Yan
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210023, China.
authors.forename: Yifeng
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Lu
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210023, China.
authors.forename: Kai
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Lu
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210023, China.
authors.forename: Hao
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Bai
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210023, China. Electronic address: hqren@nju.edu.cn.
authors.forename: Hongqiang
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Ren
mesh_terms: D000097:Acetonitriles / Q000633:toxicity*; D000818:Animals; D004202:Disinfectants / Q000032:analysis / Q000633:toxicity*; D055442:Metabolome / Q000187:drug effects*; D055432:Metabolomics; D051379:Mice; D018384:Oxidative Stress; D013482:Superoxide Dismutase / Q000378:metabolism; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical / Q000032:analysis / Q000633:toxicity*; D018508:Water Purification
chemical_list: D000097:Acetonitriles; D004202:Disinfectants; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical; C000624721:bromoacetonitrile; D013482:Superoxide Dismutase
keywords: Bromoacetonitriles; Disinfection byproducts; Metabolomics; Mice; Toxicity