title: Activation of telomerase by HPVs.
abstract: Telomerase extends the ends of linear chromosomes, and its expression leads to cellular immortalization. In HPV-associated cancers, telomerase is universally detected, and this occurs by activation of the catalytic subunit of telomerase, hTERT. The expression of hTERT is affected by both high-risk HPV E6 and E7. Seminal studies over the last two decades have identified the transcriptional, epigenetic, and post-transcriptional roles high-risk E6 and E7 have in telomerase regulation. This review will summarize these findings and highlight the importance of telomerase activation as an oncogenic pathway in HPV-associated cancer development and progression.
authors.affiliation: Center for Global Infectious Disease Research, Seattle Children's Research Institute, Seattle, WA, USA; Department of Pediatrics, Division of Adolescent Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA. Electronic address: rkatzen@uw.edu.
authors.forename: Rachel A
authors.initials: RA
authors.lastname: Katzenellenbogen
mesh_terms: D063646:Carcinogenesis / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D002460:Cell Line; D002875:Chromosomes / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism; D004789:Enzyme Activation; D044127:Epigenesis, Genetic; D054884:Host-Pathogen Interactions; D006801:Humans; D015603:Keratinocytes / Q000378:metabolism / Q000821:virology; D009856:Oncogene Proteins, Viral / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism; D027383:Papillomaviridae / Q000235:genetics* / Q000254:growth & development / Q000472:pathogenicity; D050725:Papillomavirus E7 Proteins / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism; D030361:Papillomavirus Infections / Q000201:enzymology / Q000235:genetics / Q000473:pathology / Q000821:virology*; D011401:Promoter Regions, Genetic; D011499:Protein Processing, Post-Translational; D021122:Protein Subunits / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D012097:Repressor Proteins / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism; D012878:Skin Neoplasms / Q000201:enzymology / Q000235:genetics / Q000473:pathology / Q000821:virology*; D019098:Telomerase / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: C068651:E6 protein, Human papillomavirus type 16; D009856:Oncogene Proteins, Viral; D050725:Papillomavirus E7 Proteins; D021122:Protein Subunits; D012097:Repressor Proteins; C059731:oncogene protein E7, Human papillomavirus type 16; C509186:TERT protein, human; D019098:Telomerase
keywords: HPV E6; HPV E7; Telomerase; hTERT