title: All-printed magnetically self-healing electrochemical devices.
abstract: The present work demonstrates the synthesis and application of permanent magnetic Nd2Fe14B microparticle (NMP)-loaded graphitic inks for realizing rapidly self-healing inexpensive printed electrochemical devices. The incorporation of NMPs into the printable ink imparts impressive self-healing ability to the printed conducting trace, with rapid (~50 ms) recovery of repeated large (3 mm) damages at the same or different locations without any user intervention or external trigger. The permanent and surrounding-insensitive magnetic properties of the NMPs thus result in long-lasting ability to repair extreme levels of damage, independent of ambient conditions. This remarkable self-healing capability has not been reported for existing man-made self-healing systems and offers distinct advantages over common capsule and intrinsically self-healing systems. The printed system has been characterized by leveraging crystallographic, magnetic hysteresis, microscopic imaging, electrical conductivity, and electrochemical techniques. The real-life applicability of the new self-healing concept is demonstrated for the autonomous repair of all-printed batteries, electrochemical sensors, and wearable textile-based electrical circuits, indicating considerable promise for widespread practical applications and long-lasting printed electronic devices.
authors.affiliation: Department of NanoEngineering, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA.
authors.forename: Amay J
authors.initials: AJ
authors.lastname: Bandodkar
authors.affiliation: Department of NanoEngineering, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA.
authors.forename: Cristian S
authors.initials: CS
authors.lastname: López
authors.affiliation: Department of NanoEngineering, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA.
authors.forename: Allibai Mohanan
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Vinu Mohan
authors.affiliation: Department of NanoEngineering, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA.
authors.forename: Lu
authors.identifier: 0000-0002-5075-5263
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Yin
authors.affiliation: Department of NanoEngineering, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA.
authors.forename: Rajan
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Kumar
authors.affiliation: Department of NanoEngineering, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA.
authors.forename: Joseph
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Wang
keywords: Printed electronics; batteries; electrochemical sensors; self-healing systems; wearables