title: Iron and manganese removal: Recent advances in modelling treatment efficiency by rapid sand filtration.
abstract: A model has been developed that takes into account the main characteristics of (submerged) rapid filtration: the water quality parameters of the influent water, notably pH, iron(II) and manganese(II) concentrations, homogeneous oxidation in the supernatant layer, surface sorption and heterogeneous oxidation kinetics in the filter, and filter media adsorption characteristics. Simplifying assumptions are made to enable validation in practice, while maintaining the main mechanisms involved in iron(II) and manganese(II) removal. Adsorption isotherm data collected from different Dutch treatment sites show that Fe(II)/Mn(II) adsorption may vary substantially between them, but generally increases with higher pH. The model is sensitive to (experimentally) determined adsorption parameters and the heterogeneous oxidation rate. Model results coincide with experimental values when the heterogeneous rate constants are calibrated.
authors.affiliation: KWR Watercycle Research Institute, P.O. Box 1072, 3430 BB Nieuwegein, The Netherlands. Electronic address: dirk.vries@kwrwater.nl.
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Vries
authors.affiliation: KWR Watercycle Research Institute, P.O. Box 1072, 3430 BB Nieuwegein, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Bertelkamp
authors.affiliation: Vitens N.V., P.O. Box 1205, 8001 BE Zwolle, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Schoonenberg Kegel
authors.affiliation: Evides Waterbedrijf, P.O. Box 4472, 3006 AL Rotterdam, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Hofs
authors.affiliation: Oasen Drinking Water N.V., P.O. Box 122, 2800 AC Gouda, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Dusseldorp
authors.affiliation: Waterlaboratorium Noord, Rijksstraatweg 85, 9756 AD Glimmen, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: J H
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Bruins
authors.affiliation: Water Supply Company Limburg (WML), Limburglaan 25, 6229 GA Maastricht, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: W
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: de Vet
authors.affiliation: KWR Watercycle Research Institute, P.O. Box 1072, 3430 BB Nieuwegein, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: van den Akker
mesh_terms: D000327:Adsorption; D005374:Filtration; D007501:Iron; D008345:Manganese; D012822:Silicon Dioxide; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical; D018508:Water Purification
chemical_list: D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical; D008345:Manganese; D012822:Silicon Dioxide; D007501:Iron
keywords: Adsorption; Iron; Manganese; Model; Oxidation; Rapid sand filter