title: Trained Immunity and Susceptibility to HIV.
abstract: In this issue of Clinical and Vaccine Immunology, K. Jensen et al. (Clin Vaccine Immunol 24:e00360-16, 2017, https://doi.org/10.1128/CVI.00360-16) describe a dual-purpose attenuated Mycobacterium tuberculosis-simian immunodeficiency virus vaccine (AMTB-SIV). Interestingly, immunized infant macaques required fewer oral exposures to SIV to become infected relative to nonimmunized animals. The authors hypothesized that augmented susceptibility to SIV was due to activation of CD4+T cells through trained immunity. This commentary explores the possible relationship between trained immunity, enhanced CD4 T cell responses, and increased susceptibility to human immunodeficiency virus (HIV).
authors.affiliation: Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, Maryland, USA steven.derrick@fda.hhs.gov.
authors.forename: Steven C
authors.initials: SC
authors.lastname: Derrick
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D015496:CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes / Q000276:immunology*; D015658:HIV Infections; D006801:Humans; D008253:Macaca mulatta / Q000276:immunology; D018449:SAIDS Vaccines / Q000276:immunology; D016097:Simian Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome / Q000276:immunology*; D015302:Simian Immunodeficiency Virus / Q000276:immunology
chemical_list: D018449:SAIDS Vaccines
keywords: BCG; HIV; trained immunity; tuberculosis; vaccine