title: Remediation of hexavalent chromium spiked soil by using synthesized iron sulfide particles.
abstract: Carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) stabilized microscale iron sulfide (FeS) particles were synthesized and applied to remediate hexavalent chromium (Cr(VI)) spiked soil. The effects of parameters including dosage of FeS particles, soil moisture, and natural organic matter (NOM) in soil were investigated with comparison to iron sulfate (FeSO4). The results show that the stabilized FeS particles can reduce Cr(VI) and immobilize Cr in soil quickly and efficiently. The soil moisture ranging from 40% to 70% and NOM in soil had no significant effects on Cr(VI) remediation by FeS particles. When molar ratio of FeS to Cr(VI) was 1.5:1, about 98% of Cr(VI) in soil was reduced by FeS particles in 3 d and Cr(VI) concentration decreased from 1407 mg kg-1to 16 mg kg-1. The total Cr and Cr(VI) in Toxicity Characteristic Leaching Procedure (TCLP) leachate were reduced by 98.4% and 99.4%, respectively. In FeS particles-treated soil, the exchangeable Cr fraction was mainly converted to Fe-Mn oxides bound fraction because of the precipitation of Cr(III)-Fe(III) hydroxides. The physiologically based extraction test (PBET) bioaccessibility of Cr was decreased from 58.67% to 6.98%. Compared to FeSO4, the high Cr(VI) removal and Cr immobilization efficiency makes prepared FeS particles a great potential in field application of Cr(VI) contaminated soil remediation.
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of the Three Gorges Reservoir Region's Eco-environment of Ministry of Education, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400044, PR China.
authors.forename: Yujie
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of the Three Gorges Reservoir Region's Eco-environment of Ministry of Education, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400044, PR China.
authors.forename: Wanyu
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: Chongqing Solid Waste Management Center, Chongqing, 401147, PR China.
authors.forename: Liqiang
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Zhou
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of the Three Gorges Reservoir Region's Eco-environment of Ministry of Education, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400044, PR China. Electronic address: liuyuanyuan@cqu.edu.cn.
authors.forename: Yuanyuan
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.affiliation: Chongqing Institute of Green and Intelligent Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chongqing, 400714, PR China.
authors.forename: Zakaria A
authors.initials: ZA
authors.lastname: Mirza
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Coal Mine Disaster Dynamics and Control, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400044, PR China.
authors.forename: Xiang
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Lin
mesh_terms: D002266:Carboxymethylcellulose Sodium / Q000737:chemistry*; D002857:Chromium / Q000032:analysis / Q000737:chemistry*; D052918:Environmental Restoration and Remediation / Q000379:methods*; D005296:Ferrous Compounds / Q000737:chemistry*; D006878:Hydroxides; D007501:Iron / Q000737:chemistry*; D010087:Oxides; D012987:Soil / Q000737:chemistry*; D012989:Soil Pollutants / Q000032:analysis / Q000737:chemistry*; D013440:Sulfides / Q000737:chemistry*
chemical_list: D005296:Ferrous Compounds; D006878:Hydroxides; D010087:Oxides; D012987:Soil; D012989:Soil Pollutants; D013440:Sulfides; D002857:Chromium; C074702:chromium hexavalent ion; C020748:ferrous sulfate; D007501:Iron; D002266:Carboxymethylcellulose Sodium
keywords: FeS particles; Hexavalent chromium/Cr(VI); Immobilization; Soil remediation