title: IL-1B rs16944 polymorphism is related to septic shock and death.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  IL-1β is a primary mediator of systemic inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS) and it may lead to shock septic. Our aim was to analyse whether IL-1B rs16944 polymorphism is associated with the onset of septic shock and death after major surgery.
  
  
  METHODS
  We performed a case-control study on 467 patients who underwent major cardiac or abdominal surgery. Of them, 205 patients developed septic shock (cases, SS group) and 262 patients developed SIRS (controls, SIRS group). The primary outcome variables were the development of septic shock and death within 90 days after diagnosis of septic shock. The IL-1B rs16944 polymorphism was genotyped by Sequenom's MassARRAY platform. The association analysis was performed under a recessive genetic model (AA vs. GG/GC).
  
  
  RESULTS
  The frequency of septic shock was higher in patients with IL-1B rs16944 AA genotype than in patients with IL-1B rs16944 GG/AG genotype when all patients were taken into account (63·6% vs. 41·8%; P = 0·006), cardiac surgery (52·2% vs. 33·3%; P = 0·072) and abdominal surgery (76·2% vs. 50·2%; P = 0·023). However, the IL-1B rs16944 AA genotype was only associated with higher likelihood of septic shock in the analysis of all population [adjusted odds ratio (aOR) = 2·26 (95%CI = 1·03; 4·97; P = 0·042], but not when it was stratified by cardiac surgery (P = 0·175) or abdominal surgery (P = 0·467). Similarly, IL-1B rs16944 AA genotype was also associated with higher likelihood of septic shock-related death in all population [aOR = 2·67 (95%CI = 1·07; 4·97); P = 0·035].
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  IL-1B rs16944 AA genotype seems to be related to the onset of septic shock and death in patients who underwent major surgery.
authors.affiliation: Unidad de Infección Viral e Inmunidad, Centro Nacional de Microbiología, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Majadahonda, Spain.
authors.forename: María Ángeles
authors.initials: MÁ
authors.lastname: Jiménez-Sousa
authors.affiliation: Unidad de Infección Viral e Inmunidad, Centro Nacional de Microbiología, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Majadahonda, Spain.
authors.forename: Luz M
authors.initials: LM
authors.lastname: Medrano
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Anestesiología y Reanimación, Hospital Clínico Universitario, Valladolid, Spain.
authors.forename: Pilar
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.affiliation: Unidad de Investigación Médica en Infección e Inmunidad, Hospital Clínico Universitario-IECSCYL, Valladolid, Spain.
authors.forename: Raquel
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Almansa
authors.affiliation: Unidad de Infección Viral e Inmunidad, Centro Nacional de Microbiología, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Majadahonda, Spain.
authors.forename: Amanda
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Fernández-Rodríguez
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Anestesiología y Reanimación, Hospital Clínico Universitario, Valladolid, Spain.
authors.forename: Esther
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Gómez-Sánchez
authors.affiliation: Unidad de Investigación Médica en Infección e Inmunidad, Hospital Clínico Universitario-IECSCYL, Valladolid, Spain.
authors.forename: Lucía
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Rico
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Anestesiología y Reanimación, Hospital Clínico Universitario, Valladolid, Spain.
authors.forename: María
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Heredia-Rodríguez
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Anestesiología y Reanimación, Hospital Clínico Universitario, Valladolid, Spain.
authors.forename: Estefanía
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Gómez-Pesquera
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Anestesiología y Reanimación, Hospital Clínico Universitario, Valladolid, Spain.
authors.forename: Eduardo
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Tamayo
authors.affiliation: Unidad de Infección Viral e Inmunidad, Centro Nacional de Microbiología, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Majadahonda, Spain.
authors.forename: Salvador
authors.identifier: http://orcid.org/0000-0001-8783-0450
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Resino
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D006348:Cardiac Surgical Procedures; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D005260:Female; D005787:Gene Frequency; D005838:Genotype; D006801:Humans; D053583:Interleukin-1beta / Q000235:genetics*; D016015:Logistic Models; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D015999:Multivariate Analysis; D016017:Odds Ratio; D020641:Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide; D011183:Postoperative Complications / Q000235:genetics* / Q000401:mortality; D012772:Shock, Septic / Q000235:genetics* / Q000401:mortality; D013514:Surgical Procedures, Operative
chemical_list: C508585:IL1B protein, human; D053583:Interleukin-1beta
keywords: Death; IL-1B; SNPs; major surgery; septic shock; systemic inflammatory response syndrome