title: State of the evidence: Cannabinoids and cancer pain-A systematic review.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Cannabinoids are widely used to alleviate intractable symptoms such as pain, nausea, and muscle spasticity. The purpose of this review was to ascertain the current state of the science regarding use of cannabinoids for cancer pain.
  
  
  METHODS
  Four electronic databases were searched for randomized control trials of cannabinoids and cancer pain. Studies included examined the analgesic effects of cannabinoids for cancer pain. Methodological quality was assessed using the Jadad scale.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Eight randomized control trials met the inclusion criteria for review. Most trials found analgesic effects from cannabinoids when compared to placebo, although not all associations reached statistical significance. The analgesic effects of cannabinoids were also limited by dose-dependent side effects. Side effects most commonly reported were changes in cognition, sedation, and dizziness.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  There is evidence that cannabinoids are effective adjuvants for cancer pain not completely relieved by opioid therapy, but there is a dearth of high-quality studies to support a stronger conclusion. Cannabinoids appear to be safe in low and medium doses. Methodological limitations of the trials limited the ability to make sound conclusions. Further research is warranted before efficacy, safety, and utility of cannabinoids for cancer pain can be determined.
authors.forename: Sydney
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Tateo
mesh_terms: D000700:Analgesics / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D000072716:Cancer Pain / Q000188:drug therapy*; D002186:Cannabinoids / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D006801:Humans
chemical_list: D000700:Analgesics; D002186:Cannabinoids
keywords: Cancer; alternative; complementary and alternative medicine (CAM); pain management