title: Importance of phosphatidylcholine on the chloroplast surface.
abstract: In plant cells, phosphatidylcholine (PC) is a major glycerolipid of most membranes but practically lacking from the plastid internal membranes. In chloroplasts, PC is absent from the thylakoids and the inner envelope membrane. It is however the main component of the outer envelope membrane, where it exclusively distributes in the outer monolayer. This unique distribution is likely related with operational compartmentalization of plant lipid metabolism. In this review, we summarize the different mechanisms involved in homeostasis of PC in plant cells. The specific origin of chloroplast PC is examined and the involvement of the P4-ATPase family of phospholipid flippases (ALA) is considered with a special attention to the recently reported effect of the endoplasmic reticulum-localized ALA10 on modification of chloroplast PC desaturation. The different possible roles of chloroplast PC are then discussed and analyzed in consideration of plant physiology.
authors.affiliation: Laboratoire de Physiologie Cellulaire et Végétale, UMR5168, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Université Grenoble Alpes, Institut National Recherche Agronomique, Commissariat à l'Energie Atomique et aux Energies Alternatives, BIG, 17 Rue des Martyrs, F-38054 Grenoble, France.
authors.forename: César
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Botella
authors.affiliation: Laboratoire de Physiologie Cellulaire et Végétale, UMR5168, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Université Grenoble Alpes, Institut National Recherche Agronomique, Commissariat à l'Energie Atomique et aux Energies Alternatives, BIG, 17 Rue des Martyrs, F-38054 Grenoble, France.
authors.forename: Juliette
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Jouhet
authors.affiliation: Laboratoire de Physiologie Cellulaire et Végétale, UMR5168, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Université Grenoble Alpes, Institut National Recherche Agronomique, Commissariat à l'Energie Atomique et aux Energies Alternatives, BIG, 17 Rue des Martyrs, F-38054 Grenoble, France. Electronic address: maryse.block@cea.fr.
authors.forename: Maryse A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Block
mesh_terms: D002736:Chloroplasts / Q000378:metabolism*; D006706:Homeostasis; D010713:Phosphatidylcholines / Q000378:metabolism*; D010944:Plants / Q000378:metabolism*; D013499:Surface Properties
chemical_list: D010713:Phosphatidylcholines
keywords: Chloroplast; Flippase; Membrane asymmetry; Membrane contact site; P4-ATPase; Phosphatidylcholine