title: Predictive and prognostic biomarkers of targeted agents and modern immunotherapy in renal cell carcinoma.
abstract: In the past decade, several agents targeting angiogenesis and signal transduction pathways have replaced the use of cytokines as standard of care treatment for metastatic renal cell carcinoma (RCC) after showing improved clinical benefit and survival. Currently, several novel immunotherapy agents targeting the programmed cell death-1 (PD-1) and cytotoxic T-lymphocyte-associated protein-4 (CTLA-4) pathways are being tested in metastatic RCC and are bound to revolutionise the management of this disease. However, the success of both antiangiogenic drugs and new immunotherapy agents still depends on our ability to select patients most likely to respond to treatment. This article will review the current available evidence on prognostic and predictive biomarkers of response to signal transduction pathways-targeted agents and modern immunotherapy in metastatic RCC.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medical Oncology , IMIM Hospital del Mar Medical Research Institute , Barcelona , Spain.
authors.forename: Alejo
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Rodriguez-Vida
authors.affiliation: Department of Medical Oncology , AZ Klina , Brasschaat, Antwerp , Belgium.
authors.forename: Michiel
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Strijbos
authors.affiliation: Texas Oncology-Baylor Charles A Sammons Cancer Center , Dallas, Texas , USA.
authors.forename: Thomas
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Hutson
keywords: Biomarker; Immunotherapy; Programmed cell death-1; Renal cell carcinoma; Tyrosine kinase inhibitor