title: Mycotoxin and fungicide residues in wheat grains from fungicide-treated plants measured by a validated LC-MS method.
abstract: Wheat (Triticum aestivum) is an annual crop, cultivated in the winter and spring and susceptible to several pathogens, especially fungi, which are managed with fungicides. It is also one of the most consumed cereals, and can be contaminated by mycotoxins and fungicides. The objective of this study was to validate an analytical method by LC-MS for simultaneous determination of mycotoxins and fungicide residues in wheat grains susceptible to fusarium head blight treated with fungicides, and to evaluate the relationship between fungicide application and mycotoxin production. All parameters of the validated analytical method were within AOAC and ANVISA limits. Deoxynivalenol was the prevalent mycotoxin in wheat grain and epoxiconazole was the fungicide residue found in the highest concentration. All fungicidal treatments induced an increase in AFB2 production when compared to the control (without application). AFB1 and deoxynivalenol, on the contrary, were reduced in all fungicide treatments compared to the control.
authors.affiliation: Graduate Program of Food Science and Technology, Agroindustrial Science and Technology Department, Faculty of Agronomy Eliseu Maciel, Federal University of Pelotas, Pelotas, Brazil.
authors.forename: Suzane Rickes
authors.initials: SR
authors.lastname: da Luz
authors.affiliation: Graduate Program in Plant Health, Department of Plant Protection, Faculty of Agronomy Eliseu Maciel, Federal University of Pelotas, Pelotas, Brazil.
authors.forename: Paulo Cesar
authors.initials: PC
authors.lastname: Pazdiora
authors.affiliation: Graduate Program in Plant Health, Department of Plant Protection, Faculty of Agronomy Eliseu Maciel, Federal University of Pelotas, Pelotas, Brazil.
authors.forename: Leandro José
authors.initials: LJ
authors.lastname: Dallagnol
authors.affiliation: Graduate Program of Food Science and Technology, Agroindustrial Science and Technology Department, Faculty of Agronomy Eliseu Maciel, Federal University of Pelotas, Pelotas, Brazil.
authors.forename: Giniani Carla
authors.initials: GC
authors.lastname: Dors
authors.affiliation: Graduate Program of Food Science and Technology, Agroindustrial Science and Technology Department, Faculty of Agronomy Eliseu Maciel, Federal University of Pelotas, Pelotas, Brazil. Electronic address: fabio.chaves@ufpel.edu.br.
authors.forename: Fábio Clasen
authors.initials: FC
authors.lastname: Chaves
mesh_terms: D002853:Chromatography, Liquid / Q000379:methods*; D005658:Fungi / Q000187:drug effects*; D005659:Fungicides, Industrial / Q000032:analysis* / Q000494:pharmacology*; D013058:Mass Spectrometry / Q000379:methods*; D009183:Mycotoxins / Q000032:analysis*; D014908:Triticum / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000187:drug effects / Q000382:microbiology; D054928:Validation Studies as Topic
chemical_list: D005659:Fungicides, Industrial; D009183:Mycotoxins
keywords: Food safety; Mycotoxins; Pesticide residues; Triticum aestivum