title: Catalytic Conversion of Carbohydrates to Levulinate Ester over Heteropolyanion-Based Ionic Liquids.
abstract: An efficient one-pot approach for the production of levulinate ester from renewable carbohydrates is demonstrated over heteropolyanion-based ionic liquid (IL-POM) catalysts with alcohols as the promoters and solvents. The relationships between the structure, acidic strength, and solubility of the IL-POM in methanol and the catalytic performance were studied intensively. A cellulose conversion of 100 % could be achieved with a 71.4 % yield of methyl levulinate over the catalyst [PyPS]3PW12O40[PyPS=1-(3-sulfopropyl)pyridinium] at 150 °C for 5 h. This high efficiency is ascribed to the reasonably high activity of the ionic liquid (IL) catalyst and reaction coupling with rapid in situ esterification of the generated levulinic acid with the alcohol promoter, which allows the insolubility of cellulose encountered in biomass conversion to be overcome. Furthermore, the present process exhibits high feedstock adaptability for typical carbohydrates and handy catalyst recovery by a simple self-separation procedure through temperature control.
authors.affiliation: School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Pulp & Paper Engineering State Key Laboratory of China, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510640, China.
authors.forename: Changhua
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Song
authors.affiliation: School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Pulp & Paper Engineering State Key Laboratory of China, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510640, China.
authors.forename: Sijie
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.affiliation: School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Pulp & Paper Engineering State Key Laboratory of China, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510640, China.
authors.forename: Xinwen
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Peng
authors.affiliation: School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Pulp & Paper Engineering State Key Laboratory of China, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510640, China.
authors.forename: Jinxing
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Long
authors.affiliation: School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Pulp & Paper Engineering State Key Laboratory of China, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510640, China.
authors.forename: Wenyong
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Lou
authors.affiliation: School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Pulp & Paper Engineering State Key Laboratory of China, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510640, China.
authors.forename: Xuehui
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Li
mesh_terms: D000438:Alcohols; D018533:Biomass; D002241:Carbohydrates / Q000737:chemistry*; D002384:Catalysis; D002482:Cellulose; D052578:Ionic Liquids / Q000737:chemistry*; D007982:Levulinic Acids / Q000138:chemical synthesis*; D000071228:Polyelectrolytes; D011108:Polymers
chemical_list: D000438:Alcohols; D002241:Carbohydrates; D002482:Cellulose; D052578:Ionic Liquids; D007982:Levulinic Acids; D000071228:Polyelectrolytes; D011108:Polymers; C119867:methyl levulinate
keywords: biomass; carbohydrates; esters; ionic liquids; polyoxometalates