title: The Relationships Among Personality, Intercultural Communication, and Cultural Self-Efficacy in Nursing Students.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The demand for nurses to provide transcultural nursing care is rising. However, little is known about the relationships among the dimensions of nurse personality, intercultural communication, and cultural self-efficacy in the provision of this care.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  The aims of this study were to examine the associations among personality, intercultural communication, and cultural self-efficacy in nursing students and to compare intercultural communication and cultural self-efficacy between first-year and third-year nursing students.
  
  
  METHODS
  One hundred twenty-six Chinese students completed a questionnaire that consisted of three scales that were designed to measure intercultural communication, cultural self-efficacy (cultural concepts, transcultural nursing functions, and cultural knowledge related to South Asians), and personality, respectively.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Intercultural communication correlated positively with the three subscales of personality, agreeableness (r = .22, p < .05), openness (r = .20, p < .05), and conscientiousness (r = .18, p < .05). Self-efficacy in cultural concepts correlated positively with agreeableness (r = .18, p < .05) and intercultural communication (r = .49, p < .01). Self-efficacy in transcultural nursing functions correlated positively with intercultural communication (r = .36, p < .01), agreeableness (r = .31, p < .01), emotional stability (r = .25, p < .01), openness (r = .32, p < .01), extraversion (r = .19, p < .05), and conscientiousness (r = .20, p < .05). Self-efficacy in cultural knowledge related to South Asians correlated positively with agreeableness (r = .20, p < .05) and intercultural communication (r = .27, p < .01). No significant difference was found between first-year and third-year students in terms of intercultural communication, self-efficacy in knowledge of cultural concepts, self-efficacy in the skills needed to perform key transcultural nursing functions, or self-efficacy in the cultural knowledge related to South Asians.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Personality assessments should be included in the nursing student recruitment process. Furthermore, nurse educators should focus greater attention on enhancing the cultural self-efficacy and intercultural communication skills of their students.
authors.affiliation: 1PhD, Assistant Professor, The Nethersole School of Nursing, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong 2BN(Hons), RN, The Nethersole School of Nursing, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong.
authors.forename: Joanne Chung-Yan
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: Chan
authors.forename: Po Yi
authors.initials: PY
authors.lastname: Sy
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D044466:Asian People / Q000523:psychology*; D002681:China; D002983:Clinical Competence; D003142:Communication; D054521:Cultural Competency; D004508:Education, Nursing, Baccalaureate; D004521:Educational Measurement; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009723:Nurse-Patient Relations; D015402:Nursing Education Research; D010551:Personality; D020377:Self Efficacy; D013338:Students, Nursing / Q000523:psychology*; D016746:Transcultural Nursing