title: A study on fluorescence properties of carboxymethyl-quaternary ammonium oligochitosan and its performances as a tracing agent.
abstract: Carboxymethyl-quaternary ammonium oligochitosan (CM-QAOC) exhibited high inhibition to scaling and microbial formation and also remarkable fluorescence. In this paper its fluorescent properties and application as a fluorescent tracing chemical for industrial water treatment were studied in detail. The fluorescence intensities of CM-QAOC were in good linear agreement with its content in the concentration range of 5 to 500 mg/L and in the range of pH 7 to 9, which shows CM-QAOC can trace itself directly. The results showed the fluorescence would not be influenced by common phosphorus-containing organic and inorganic water treatment chemicals and N-dodecyl-N,N-dimethyl-benzenemethanaminium chloride. This means CM-QAOC is compatible with those chemicals. The metal ions Ca2+, Mg2+, Fe3+and Cu2+from raw water or corrosion products could cause obvious enhancement in fluorescence intensities and sometimes blue-shifts in the fluorescence maxima, which demonstrated CM-QAOC could also be used as tracer to monitor damages like corrosion and scaling in water systems, by varying changes of fluorescence intensities and maximum emission wavelength. The fluorescence of CM-QAOC may be influenced by NaClO, and be quenched by sunshine slightly. Its ratio of biochemical oxygen demand to chemical oxygen demand was 0.53, which indicates CM-QAOC is a biodegradable chemical. Therefore, CM-QAOC can be applied as a tracer and environmental-friendly chemical for industrial cooling water treatment.
authors.affiliation: School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hebei University of Technology, No. 8, Guangrong Road, Hongqiao District, Tianjin 300131, China E-mail: zhang_huixin@aliyun.com.
authors.forename: Huixin
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hebei University of Technology, No. 8, Guangrong Road, Hongqiao District, Tianjin 300131, China E-mail: zhang_huixin@aliyun.com.
authors.forename: Luping
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Zhao
authors.affiliation: School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hebei University of Technology, No. 8, Guangrong Road, Hongqiao District, Tianjin 300131, China E-mail: zhang_huixin@aliyun.com.
authors.forename: Dongxue
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Sun
authors.affiliation: School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hebei University of Technology, No. 8, Guangrong Road, Hongqiao District, Tianjin 300131, China E-mail: zhang_huixin@aliyun.com.
authors.forename: Zhiyue
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Cai
authors.affiliation: School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hebei University of Technology, No. 8, Guangrong Road, Hongqiao District, Tianjin 300131, China E-mail: zhang_huixin@aliyun.com.
authors.forename: Jie
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hebei University of Technology, No. 8, Guangrong Road, Hongqiao District, Tianjin 300131, China E-mail: zhang_huixin@aliyun.com.
authors.forename: Xu
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Han
authors.affiliation: School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hebei University of Technology, No. 8, Guangrong Road, Hongqiao District, Tianjin 300131, China E-mail: zhang_huixin@aliyun.com.
authors.forename: Xiaohui
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Guo
authors.affiliation: School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hebei University of Technology, No. 8, Guangrong Road, Hongqiao District, Tianjin 300131, China E-mail: zhang_huixin@aliyun.com.
authors.forename: Manli
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Cui
authors.affiliation: School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hebei University of Technology, No. 8, Guangrong Road, Hongqiao District, Tianjin 300131, China E-mail: zhang_huixin@aliyun.com.
authors.forename: Duanduan
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Xie
mesh_terms: D057919:Biological Oxygen Demand Analysis; D002686:Chitin / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000737:chemistry; D048271:Chitosan; D005453:Fluorescence; D007220:Industrial Waste; D008670:Metals / Q000737:chemistry; D009844:Oligosaccharides; D010758:Phosphorus / Q000737:chemistry; D000644:Quaternary Ammonium Compounds / Q000737:chemistry*; D014865:Waste Disposal, Fluid / Q000379:methods; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical / Q000737:chemistry*; D018508:Water Purification / Q000379:methods
chemical_list: D007220:Industrial Waste; D008670:Metals; D009844:Oligosaccharides; D000644:Quaternary Ammonium Compounds; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical; C493484:oligochitosan; D002686:Chitin; D010758:Phosphorus; D048271:Chitosan