title: The effect of lead on the process of spermatogenesis in sex glands of male albino rats.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The aim of this study was to investigate the morphological and functional features of the process of spermatogenesis in the testes of male albino rats when exposed to lead acetate.
  
  
  METHODS
  Using histological, morphometric and statistical methods explored the effects of lead acetate on the process of spermatogenesis in the testes of male albino rats. Investigations were carried out using a digital microscope Axio Imager. M2 and automatic cell counter Countess™.
  
  
  RESULTS
  It is shown that when exposed to lead acetate a decrease in the production of all populations of spermatogenic cells, decreased spermatogenesis index and an index of relaxation (tension spermatogenesis), the increase in the index of ripening, index meiotic activity and germinative index, which indicates a decrease in the functional activity of the testes. On preparations, it is possible to see that after the influence of acetate of lead the head of spermatozoa becomes more roundish, breaks of tails observed.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Lead acetate reduces the productivity of the seminal glands, which leads to the decrease of the concentration of spermatozoa, and their viability. The results of the studies suggest a negative impact of lead acetate in the course of the process of spermatogenesis in the testes of male white rats.
authors.affiliation: Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution of Higher Education, M. E. Evseviev Mordovian State Pedagogical Institute, Saransk, Russia.
authors.forename: Olga Sergeevna
authors.initials: OS
authors.lastname: Shubina
authors.affiliation: Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution of Higher Education, M. E. Evseviev Mordovian State Pedagogical Institute, Saransk, Russia.
authors.forename: Natalia Anatolievna
authors.initials: NA
authors.lastname: Dudenkova
keywords: Sertoli cells; epididymis (appendage testis); lead acetate; seminal glands (testis); spermatogenesis; spermatogenic cells