title: Promotion of Nickel (Ni) Allergy by Anamnestic Sensitization with a Bacterial Component, Lipopolysaccharide (LPS), in Mice.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Lipopolysaccharides (LPS) promote allergic responses to nickel (Ni) both in the sensitization and elicitation steps. In this study, we examine the effect of pre-sensitization to LPS on the occurrence of Ni allergy using a mouse model.
  
  
  METHODS
  A 100 mg of LPS was injected into C57BL/6J mice intraperitoneally (ip). Three weeks later, the mice were subsequently injected with 0.3 μ moles of nickel dichloride (NiCl2) and 100 μg of CpG-DNA, which acted as an adjuvant. The mice were repeatedly immunized with the 0.3 μg of nickel sulfate (NiSO4), along with 300 μl of the adjuvant, Inject Alum (Pierce, USA). Then we examined the producing capabilities of T helper type 1 (Th1) and 2 (Th2) cytokines (interferon-gamma- (IFN)-γ and interleukin (IL)-10, respectively) from anti CD3 antibody-stimulated spleen cells.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Pre-treatment with LPS, followed by repeated challenges with Ni2+and adjuvants significantly enhanced the IFN-γ-producing capability of spleen cells (n=5, p<0.01); however, that could not enhance the capability of spleen cells by a single challenge with Ni2+and adjuvants (n=5). In contrast, without LPS treatment, single or even repeated challenges by Ni2+could not enhance the IFN-γ-producing capability. On the other hand, the IL-10-producing capability of spleen cells was not enhanced even by LPS and repeated challenges with Ni2+and adjuvants.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The solitary pre-sensitization to LPS is essential for the onset of Ni allergy by shifting the Th1/Th2 immune balance toward a Th1 dominant.
authors.affiliation: Department of Oral Biochemistry, Asahi University School of Dentistry, 1851 Hozumi, Mizuho, Gifu, 501-0296, Japan; Department of Prosthodontics, Asahi University School of Dentistry, 1851 Hozumi, Mizuho, Gifu, 501-0296, Japan.
authors.forename: Norimasa
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Adachi
authors.affiliation: Department of Oral Biochemistry, Asahi University School of Dentistry, 1851 Hozumi, Mizuho, Gifu, 501-0296, Japan.
authors.forename: Eiji
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Takayama
authors.affiliation: Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Asahi University School of Dentistry, 1851 Hozumi, Mizuho, Gifu, 501-0296, Japan.
authors.forename: Makoto
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Adachi
authors.affiliation: Department of Oral Biochemistry, Asahi University School of Dentistry, 1851 Hozumi, Mizuho, Gifu, 501-0296, Japan.
authors.forename: Masako
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Mizuno-Kamiya
authors.affiliation: Department of Oral Biochemistry, Asahi University School of Dentistry, 1851 Hozumi, Mizuho, Gifu, 501-0296, Japan.
authors.forename: Harumi
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Kawaki
authors.affiliation: Department of Oral Biochemistry, Asahi University School of Dentistry, 1851 Hozumi, Mizuho, Gifu, 501-0296, Japan; Department of Periodontology, Asahi University School of Dentistry, 1851 Hozumi, Mizuho, Gifu, 501-0296, Japan.
authors.forename: Hiroko
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Takeuchi
authors.affiliation: Department of Oral Biochemistry, Asahi University School of Dentistry, 1851 Hozumi, Mizuho, Gifu, 501-0296, Japan; Department of Periodontology, Asahi University School of Dentistry, 1851 Hozumi, Mizuho, Gifu, 501-0296, Japan.
authors.forename: Shuri
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Kubo
authors.affiliation: Department of Prosthodontics, Asahi University School of Dentistry, 1851 Hozumi, Mizuho, Gifu, 501-0296, Japan.
authors.forename: Hajime
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Ishigami
authors.affiliation: Department of Prosthodontics, Asahi University School of Dentistry, 1851 Hozumi, Mizuho, Gifu, 501-0296, Japan.
authors.forename: Masakazu
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kurachi
authors.affiliation: Department of Oral Biochemistry, Asahi University School of Dentistry, 1851 Hozumi, Mizuho, Gifu, 501-0296, Japan.
authors.forename: Nobuo
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Kondoh
keywords: CpG-DNA; IFN-γ; IL-10; LPS; Ni-ion; Th1/Th2 balance