title: Comparative analysis of nonvolatile and volatile metabolites in Lichtheimia ramosa cultivated in different growth media.
abstract: Lichtheimia ramosa is one of the predominant filamentous fungi in Korean traditional nuruk. The nonvolatile and volatile metabolites of L. ramosa cultivated in three growth media: complete medium (CM), potato dextrose broth (PDB), and sabouraud dextrose broth (SDB), were investigated and compared. Among nonvolatile metabolites, serine, lysine, and ornithine increased in CM and PDB cultivated with L. ramosa during the exponential phase. In addition, glucose level increased in CM whereas decreased in PDB and SDB. The major volatile metabolites in the extract samples were acetic acid, ethanol, 3-methyl-2-buten-1-ol, 2-phenylethanol, ethylacetate, 2-furaldehyde, 5-(hydroxymethyl)-2-furaldehyde, 2,3-dihydro-3,5,-dihydroxy-6-methyl-4H-pyran-4-one, and α-humulene. In particular, the levels of volatile metabolites related to makgeolli (e.g., acetic acid, ethanol, and ethyl acetate) were highest in extracts cultivated in CM. On the other hand, the level of 2-phenylethanol was relatively higher in PDB and SDB, possibly due to there being more phenylalanine present in the biomass sample in media.
authors.affiliation: a Department of Food Science and Engineering , Ewha Womans University , Seoul , Korea.
authors.forename: Hyun
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Chung
authors.affiliation: a Department of Food Science and Engineering , Ewha Womans University , Seoul , Korea.
authors.forename: NaKyeom
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.affiliation: b School of Systems Biomedical Science , Soongsil University , Seoul , Korea.
authors.forename: Jeong-Ah
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Seo
authors.affiliation: a Department of Food Science and Engineering , Ewha Womans University , Seoul , Korea.
authors.forename: Young-Suk
authors.initials: YS
authors.lastname: Kim
mesh_terms: D000596:Amino Acids / Q000032:analysis / Q000378:metabolism; D003470:Culture Media / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000378:metabolism; D003517:Cyclopentanes / Q000378:metabolism; D005227:Fatty Acids / Q000032:analysis / Q000378:metabolism; D005516:Food Microbiology / Q000379:methods; D008401:Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry / Q000379:methods; D005947:Glucose / Q000378:metabolism; D000081222:Monocyclic Sesquiterpenes; D009090:Mucorales / Q000166:cytology / Q000254:growth & development / Q000378:metabolism*; D010626:Phenylethyl Alcohol / Q000378:metabolism; D012717:Sesquiterpenes / Q000378:metabolism; D055549:Volatile Organic Compounds / Q000032:analysis* / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D000596:Amino Acids; D003470:Culture Media; D003517:Cyclopentanes; D005227:Fatty Acids; D000081222:Monocyclic Sesquiterpenes; D012717:Sesquiterpenes; D055549:Volatile Organic Compounds; C042686:humulene; D005947:Glucose; D010626:Phenylethyl Alcohol
keywords: GC–TOF-MS; Lichtheimia ramosa; metabolites; nonvolatile; volatile