title: Low-frequency cortical oscillations are modulated by temporal prediction and temporal error coding.
abstract: Monitoring and updating temporal predictions are critical abilities for adaptive behavior. Here, we investigated whether neural oscillations are related to violation and updating of temporal predictions. Human participants performed an experiment in which they had to generate a target at an expected time point, by pressing a button while taking into account a variable delay between the act and the stimulus occurrence. Our behavioral results showed that participants quickly adapted their temporal predictions in face of an error. Concurrent electrophysiological (EEG) data showed that temporal errors elicited markers that are classically related to error coding. Furthermore, intertrial phase coherence of frontal theta oscillations was modulated by error magnitude, possibly indexing the degree of surprise. Finally, we found that delta phase at stimulus onset was correlated with future behavioral adjustments. Together, our findings suggest that low frequency oscillations play a key role in monitoring and in updating temporal predictions.
authors.affiliation: Centro de Matemática, Computação e Cognição, Universidade Federal do ABC (UFABC), São Bernardo do Campo, Brazil. Electronic address: louise.barne@ufabc.edu.br.
authors.forename: Louise Catheryne
authors.initials: LC
authors.lastname: Barne
authors.affiliation: Centro de Matemática, Computação e Cognição, Universidade Federal do ABC (UFABC), São Bernardo do Campo, Brazil. Electronic address: peter.claessens@ufabc.edu.br.
authors.forename: Peter Maurice Erna
authors.initials: PME
authors.lastname: Claessens
authors.affiliation: Centro de Matemática, Computação e Cognição, Universidade Federal do ABC (UFABC), São Bernardo do Campo, Brazil. Electronic address: marcelo.reyes@ufabc.edu.br.
authors.forename: Marcelo Bussotti
authors.initials: MB
authors.lastname: Reyes
authors.affiliation: Centro de Matemática, Computação e Cognição, Universidade Federal do ABC (UFABC), São Bernardo do Campo, Brazil. Electronic address: marcelo.caetano@ufabc.edu.br.
authors.forename: Marcelo Salvador
authors.initials: MS
authors.lastname: Caetano
authors.affiliation: Centro de Matemática, Computação e Cognição, Universidade Federal do ABC (UFABC), São Bernardo do Campo, Brazil. Electronic address: andre.cravo@ufabc.edu.br.
authors.forename: André Mascioli
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Cravo
mesh_terms: D000161:Acoustic Stimulation; D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D002540:Cerebral Cortex / Q000502:physiology*; D003700:Delta Rhythm; D004569:Electroencephalography; D005071:Evoked Potentials; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D013826:Theta Rhythm; D013997:Time Factors; D013998:Time Perception / Q000502:physiology*; D055815:Young Adult
keywords: EEG; Error signals; Oscillations; Temporal learning; Time perception