title: Acute and subacute oral toxicity of periodate salts in rats.
abstract: Periodate salts are being developed as potential replacements for perchlorate due to potential health hazards associated with exposure to perchlorate. The aim of this study was to investigate acute and subacute effects of periodate salts in rats. Acute oral toxicity of potassium and sodium periodate was determined using the Sequential Stage-Wise Probit method. The LD50for potassium periodate was 732 (95% CI = 539-838, slope = 13.4) and 685 mg/kg (95% CI = 580-809, slope = 10.6) for females and males, respectively. The LD50for sodium periodate was 318 (95% CI = 292-347, slope = 24.3) and 741 mg/kg (95% CI = 704-779, slope = 31.2) for females and males, respectively. In the subacute study, rats were administered sodium periodate at five doses (1/16 LD50up to LD50) or distilled water for 14-days via oral gavage. Female rats in the 318 mg/kg-day group and male rats in the 185, 370, and 741 mg/kg-day groups exhibited moribundity, kidney toxicity, uremia, and a stress response. BMDL10s of 17.2 and 33.7 mg/kg-day were derived for females and males, respectively. Comparison with the NOAEL for perchlorate-induced thyroid toxicity in rats (0.009 mg/kg-day) suggests sodium periodate is less toxic than perchlorate on a subacute basis.
authors.affiliation: Toxicology Directorate, Army Public Health Center, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD, USA. Electronic address: Emily.m.lent.civ@mail.mil.
authors.forename: Emily May
authors.initials: EM
authors.lastname: Lent
authors.affiliation: Toxicology Directorate, Army Public Health Center, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD, USA.
authors.forename: Lee C B
authors.initials: LCB
authors.lastname: Crouse
authors.affiliation: Toxicology Directorate, Army Public Health Center, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD, USA.
authors.forename: William S
authors.initials: WS
authors.lastname: Eck
mesh_terms: D000284:Administration, Oral; D000818:Animals; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000097:blood / Q000652:urine; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D005260:Female; D007668:Kidney / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D007674:Kidney Diseases / Q000097:blood / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000473:pathology / Q000652:urine; D007928:Lethal Dose 50; D008297:Male; D019055:No-Observed-Adverse-Effect Level; D009929:Organ Size / Q000187:drug effects; D016877:Oxidants / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000633:toxicity*; D010504:Periodic Acid / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000633:toxicity*; D017680:Potassium Compounds / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000633:toxicity*; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D018570:Risk Assessment; D012737:Sex Factors; D013312:Stress, Physiological / Q000187:drug effects; D013950:Thymus Gland / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D013997:Time Factors; D023382:Toxicity Tests, Acute; D059551:Toxicity Tests, Subacute; D014511:Uremia / Q000097:blood / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000652:urine
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; D016877:Oxidants; D017680:Potassium Compounds; D010504:Periodic Acid; C009288:metaperiodate; C037192:potassium periodate
keywords: Iodine; Oxidizer; Perchlorate; Periodate; Renal; Thyroid