title: Viral Inhibition of PRR-Mediated Innate Immune Response: Learning from KSHV Evasion Strategies.
abstract: The innate immune system has evolved to detect and destroy invading pathogens before they can establish systemic infection. To successfully eradicate pathogens, including viruses, host innate immunity is activated through diverse pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) which detect conserved viral signatures and trigger the production of type I interferon (IFN) and pro-inflammatory cytokines to mediate viral clearance. Viral persistence requires that viruses co-opt cellular pathways and activities for their benefit. In particular, due to the potent antiviral activities of IFN and cytokines, viruses have developed various strategies to meticulously modulate intracellular innate immune sensing mechanisms to facilitate efficient viral replication and persistence. In this review, we highlight recent advances in the study of viral immune evasion strategies with a specific focus on how Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus (KSHV) effectively targets host PRR signaling pathways.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, College of Science and Technology, Korea University, Sejong 30019, Korea.
authors.forename: Hye-Ra
authors.initials: HR
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.affiliation: Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Harlyne J. Norris Cancer Research Tower, 1450 Biggy Street, Los Angeles, California 90033, USA.
authors.forename: Un Yung
authors.initials: UY
authors.lastname: Choi
authors.affiliation: Department of Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, College of Science and Technology, Korea University, Sejong 30019, Korea.
authors.forename: Sung-Woo
authors.initials: SW
authors.lastname: Hwang
authors.affiliation: Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Harlyne J. Norris Cancer Research Tower, 1450 Biggy Street, Los Angeles, California 90033, USA.
authors.forename: Stephanie
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.affiliation: Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Harlyne J. Norris Cancer Research Tower, 1450 Biggy Street, Los Angeles, California 90033, USA.
authors.forename: Jae U
authors.initials: JU
authors.lastname: Jung
mesh_terms: D016207:Cytokines / Q000276:immunology; D006566:Herpesviridae Infections / Q000276:immunology* / Q000821:virology*; D019288:Herpesvirus 8, Human / Q000276:immunology*; D006801:Humans; D057131:Immune Evasion; D007113:Immunity, Innate / Q000276:immunology*; D007372:Interferons / Q000276:immunology; D051192:Receptors, Pattern Recognition / Q000276:immunology*; D015398:Signal Transduction
chemical_list: D016207:Cytokines; D051192:Receptors, Pattern Recognition; D007372:Interferons
keywords: KSHV; PRRs; cytokines; immune evasion strategy; innate immune response; type I IFN