title: Recent Advances in Lipid-Based Vesicles and Particulate Carriers for Topical and Transdermal Application.
abstract: In the recent decade, skin delivery (topical and transdermal) has gained an unprecedented popularity, especially due to increased incidences of chronic skin diseases, demand for targeted and patient compliant delivery, and interest in life cycle management strategies among pharmaceutical companies. Literature review of recent publications indicates that among various skin delivery systems, lipid-based delivery systems (vesicular carriers and lipid particulate systems) have been the most successful. Vesicular carriers consist of liposomes, ultradeformable liposomes, and ethosomes, while lipid particulate systems consist of lipospheres, solid lipid nanoparticles, and nanostructured lipid carriers. These systems can increase the skin drug transport by improving drug solubilization in the formulation, drug partitioning into the skin, and fluidizing skin lipids. Considering that lipid-based delivery systems are regarded as safe and efficient, they are proving to be an attractive delivery strategy for the pharmaceutical as well as cosmeceutical drug substances. However, development of these delivery systems requires comprehensive understanding of physicochemical characteristics of drug and delivery carriers, formulation and process variables, mechanism of skin delivery, recent technological advancements, specific limitations, and regulatory considerations. Therefore, this review article encompasses recent research advances addressing the aforementioned issues.
authors.affiliation: Department of Product Development, G & W Labs, 101 Coolidge Street, South Plainfield, New Jersey 07080. Electronic address: shashank52@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Shashank
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Jain
authors.affiliation: Charles River Laboratories Contract Manufacturing PA, LLC, Boothwyn, Pennsylvania 19061.
authors.forename: Niketkumar
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Patel
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas 77555.
authors.forename: Mansi K
authors.initials: MK
authors.lastname: Shah
authors.affiliation: Department of Product Development, G & W PA Laboratories, Sellersville, Pennsylvania 18960.
authors.forename: Pinak
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Khatri
authors.affiliation: Department of Formulation Development, Capsugel Dosage Form Solutions Division, Xcelience, Tampa, Florida 33634.
authors.forename: Namrata
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Vora
mesh_terms: D000279:Administration, Cutaneous; D000287:Administration, Topical; D000818:Animals; D003692:Delayed-Action Preparations / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D050356:Lipid Metabolism; D008055:Lipids / Q000737:chemistry*; D008081:Liposomes / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000378:metabolism; D053758:Nanoparticles / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism; D004364:Pharmaceutical Preparations / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D010599:Pharmacokinetics; D012867:Skin / Q000033:anatomy & histology / Q000378:metabolism; D012869:Skin Absorption
chemical_list: D003692:Delayed-Action Preparations; D008055:Lipids; D008081:Liposomes; D004364:Pharmaceutical Preparations
keywords: colloid; controlled release; drug delivery systems; lipids; liposomes; nanoparticles; percutaneous; permeability; skin; transdermal drug delivery