title: Non-invasive evaluation of placental blood flow: lessons from animal models.
abstract: In human obstetrics, placental vascularisation impairment is frequent as well as linked to severe pathological events (preeclampsia and intrauterine growth restriction), and there is a need for reliable methods allowing non-invasive evaluation of placental blood flow. Uteroplacental vascularisation is complex, and animal models are essential for the technical development and safety assessment of these imaging tools for human clinical use; however, these techniques can also be applied in the veterinary context. This paper reviews how ultrasound-based imaging methods such as 2D and 3D Doppler can provide valuable insight for the exploration of placental blood flow both in humans and animals and how new approaches such as the use of ultrasound contrast agents or ultrafast Doppler may allow to discriminate between maternal (non-pulsatile) and foetal (pulsatile) blood flow in the placenta. Finally, functional magnetic resonance imaging could also be used to evaluate placental blood flow, as indicated by studies in animal models, but its safety in human pregnancy still requires to be confirmed.
authors.affiliation: UMR BDRINRA, ENVA, Université Paris Saclay, Jouy en Josas, France eve.mourier@inra.fr.|PremUp FoundationParis, France.
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Mourier
authors.affiliation: UMR BDRINRA, ENVA, Université Paris Saclay, Jouy en Josas, France.|PremUp FoundationParis, France.
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Tarrade
authors.affiliation: IADIInserm U947, University of Lorraine, CHRU of Brabois, Nancy, France.|CHRU of Nancypole de Gynécologie Obstétrique, Nancy, France.
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Duan
authors.affiliation: UMR BDRINRA, ENVA, Université Paris Saclay, Jouy en Josas, France.|PremUp FoundationParis, France.
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Richard
authors.affiliation: IADIInserm U947, University of Lorraine, CHRU of Brabois, Nancy, France.|CHRU of Nancypole de Gynécologie Obstétrique, Nancy, France.
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Bertholdt
authors.affiliation: IADIInserm U947, University of Lorraine, CHRU of Brabois, Nancy, France.|CHRU of Nancypole de Gynécologie Obstétrique, Nancy, France.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Beaumont
authors.affiliation: IADIInserm U947, University of Lorraine, CHRU of Brabois, Nancy, France.|CHRU of Nancypole de Gynécologie Obstétrique, Nancy, France.
authors.forename: O
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Morel
authors.affiliation: UMR BDRINRA, ENVA, Université Paris Saclay, Jouy en Josas, France.|PremUp FoundationParis, France.
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Chavatte-Palmer
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D005069:Evaluation Studies as Topic; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D023421:Models, Animal; D010920:Placenta / Q000098:blood supply*; D021041:Placental Circulation / Q000502:physiology*; D011247:Pregnancy; D012039:Regional Blood Flow / Q000502:physiology*