title: Effect of Fusarium-Derived Metabolites on the Barrier Integrity of Differentiated Intestinal Porcine Epithelial Cells (IPEC-J2).
abstract: The human, animal and plant pathogenFusarium, which contaminates agricultural commodities worldwide, produces numerous secondary metabolites. An example is the thoroughly-investigated deoxynivalenol (DON), which severely impairs gastrointestinal barrier integrity. However, to date, the toxicological profile of otherFusarium-derived metabolites, such as enniatins, beauvericin, moniliformin, apicidin, aurofusarin, rubrofusarin, equisetin and bikaverin, are poorly characterized. Thus we examined their effects-as metabolites alone and as metabolites in combination with DON-on the intestinal barrier function of differentiated intestinal porcine epithelial cells (IPEC-J2) over 72 h. Transepithelial electrical resistance (TEER) was measured at 24-h intervals, followed by evaluation of cell viability using neutral red (NR) assay. Enniatins A, A1, B and B1, apicidin, aurofusarin and beauvericin significantly reduced TEER. Moniliformin, equisetin, bikaverin and rubrofusarin had no effect on TEER. In the case of apicidin, aurofusarin and beauvericin, TEER reductions were further substantiated by the addition of otherwise no-effect DON concentrations. In all cases, viability was unaffected, confirming that TEER reductions were not due to compromised viability. Considering the prevalence of mycotoxin contamination and the diseases associated with intestinal barrier disruption, consumption of contaminated food or feed may have substantial health implications.
authors.affiliation: BIOMIN Research Center, Technopark 1, Tulln an der Donau 3430, Austria. alexandra.springler@biomin.net.|Department of Applied Genetics and Cell Biology, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna 1190, Austria. alexandra.springler@biomin.net.
authors.forename: Alexandra
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Springler
authors.affiliation: BIOMIN Research Center, Technopark 1, Tulln an der Donau 3430, Austria. gala.vrubel@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Galina-Jacqueline
authors.initials: GJ
authors.lastname: Vrubel
authors.affiliation: BIOMIN Research Center, Technopark 1, Tulln an der Donau 3430, Austria. e.mayer@biomin.net.
authors.forename: Elisabeth
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Mayer
authors.affiliation: BIOMIN Research Center, Technopark 1, Tulln an der Donau 3430, Austria. gerd.schatzmayr@biomin.net.
authors.forename: Gerd
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Schatzmayr
authors.affiliation: BIOMIN Research Center, Technopark 1, Tulln an der Donau 3430, Austria. barbara.novak@biomin.net.
authors.forename: Barbara
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Novak
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002460:Cell Line; D004847:Epithelial Cells / Q000187:drug effects*; D005670:Fusarium / Q000378:metabolism*; D007413:Intestinal Mucosa / Q000166:cytology*; D009183:Mycotoxins / Q000633:toxicity*; D013552:Swine
chemical_list: D009183:Mycotoxins
keywords: IPEC-J2; deoxynivalenol; emerging mycotoxin; intestinal barrier function; transepithelial electrical resistance