title: Multiple Intracranial High Density Foci after Brain Parenchymal Catheterization.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To report an observational investigation of small high attenuated foci in computed tomography (CT) scan followed by brain parenchymal catheterization.
  
  
  METHODS
  From January 2011 to March 2015, we retrospectively reviewed the 381 patients who had undergone brain catheterization in our clinic and enrolled the patients who had newly developed high attenuation foci in the postoperative CT scans. The brain CT scans were reviewed about the lesion location, Hounsfield Unit (HU) and the time of appearance.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Twenty seven of 381 patients had high attenuation foci in CT scans after the procedure. The location of high density lesions was as follows: parenchyma in 9 (33.3%) cases, ventricle in 5 (18.5%), combined in parenchyma and ventricle in 13 (48.1%). The lesions were identified in the catheter tract in parenchymal type, and catheter-lodged frontal horn or choroid plexus in ventricular type. We could not find the calcific foci before the catheter removal, and those were found after removal in all cases. The time of appearance after the removal was variable from 0 to 14 days (mean 4.2, median 3). The regular rules of HU change in CT scans were not found as times go on.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The high attenuation foci in CT scans were bone dust originated from skull during operation. Although these lesions did not make troubles, we should clean the operation field before the insertion of brain catheter and we may use another material, like Surgicel to seal up the burr hole instead of bone dust in the end of operation.
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurosurgery, Kwangju Christian Hospital, Gwangju, Korea.
authors.forename: Tae-Min
authors.initials: TM
authors.lastname: Choi
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurosurgery, Kwangju Christian Hospital, Gwangju, Korea.
authors.forename: Kyu Yong
authors.initials: KY
authors.lastname: Cho
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurosurgery, Kwangju Christian Hospital, Gwangju, Korea.
authors.forename: Byung Chan
authors.initials: BC
authors.lastname: Lim
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurosurgery, Kwangju Christian Hospital, Gwangju, Korea.
authors.forename: Jun Seob
authors.initials: JS
authors.lastname: Lim
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurosurgery, Kwangju Christian Hospital, Gwangju, Korea.
authors.forename: Rae-Seop
authors.initials: RS
authors.lastname: Lee
keywords: Bone transplantation; Brain; Calcinosis; Catheterization