title: Respiratory dynamics in phonation and breathing-A real-time MRI study.
abstract: The respiratory system is a central part of voice production, but for phonation neither the underlying functional relations between diaphragm (DPH) and rib cage (RC), nor differences to normal breathing are yet understood. This study aims to compare respiratory dynamics in phonation and breathing via dynamic MRI of the lung. Images of the breathing apparatus of 6 professional singers were captured in a 1.5T MRI system in supine position during vital capacity breathing and maximal long sustained phonation at 3 different pitches and loudness conditions. In a dynamic series of cross-sectional images of the lung, distances between characteristic anatomical landmarks were measured. During exhalation in normal breathing the diaphragm and rib cage moved synchronously to reduce lung volume, but during phonation different functional units could be identified, which support phonation by facilitating the control of subglottic pressure.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Musicians' Medicine, Medical Center - University of Freiburg, Germany; Department of Otolaryngology, Medical Center - University of Freiburg, Germany; Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Germany. Electronic address: Louisa.Traser@uniklinik-freiburg.de.
authors.forename: Louisa
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Traser
authors.affiliation: Dept. of Radiology, Medical Physics, Medical Center - University of Freiburg, Germany.
authors.forename: Ali Caglar
authors.initials: AC
authors.lastname: Özen
authors.affiliation: Institute of Musicians' Medicine, Medical Center - University of Freiburg, Germany; Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Germany.
authors.forename: Fabian
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Burk
authors.affiliation: Dept. of Radiology, Medical Physics, Medical Center - University of Freiburg, Germany.
authors.forename: Michael
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Burdumy
authors.affiliation: Dept. of Radiology, Medical Physics, Medical Center - University of Freiburg, Germany.
authors.forename: Michael
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Bock
authors.affiliation: Institute of Musicians' Medicine, Medical Center - University of Freiburg, Germany; Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Germany.
authors.forename: Bernhard
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Richter
authors.affiliation: Institute of Musicians' Medicine, Medical Center - University of Freiburg, Germany; Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Germany.
authors.forename: Matthias
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Echternach
mesh_terms: D000009:Abdominal Muscles / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000502:physiology; D000328:Adult; D000704:Analysis of Variance; D003964:Diaphragm / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D004569:Electroencephalography; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging; D008297:Male; D010699:Phonation / Q000502:physiology*; D012119:Respiration; D012727:Sex Characteristics; D013147:Spirometry; D016683:Supine Position; D013997:Time Factors
keywords: Diaphragm; Phonation; Real-time magnetic resonance imaging; Respiration; Singer Imaging