title: Modulation of the cytokine profile in Caco-2 cells by faecal lactobacilli and bifidobacteria from individuals with distinct dietary habits.
abstract: Enterocytes are actively involved in the defense against pathogens and they limit penetration of commensal microbes into tissues. They also have an important role in gut immunity as enterocytes confer mucosal dendritic cell specialisation. On the other hand, the microbiota is directly involved in the development and modulation of the intestinal immune system. Particularly, lactobacilli and bifidobacteria play a primary role in shaping the immune response. We further explored this issue by evaluating whether functional differences in Caco-2 cells could characterise faecal populations of lactobacilli (155 samples) and bifidobacteria (110 samples) isolated from three dietary cohorts (omnivores, ovo-lacto-vegetarians and vegans) recruited at four Italian centres (Turin, Parma, Bologna and Bari). According to our findings, tested bacteria were unable to modulate expression of IL-8, IL-10, TGF-β or thymic stromal lymphopoietin (TSLP) cytokines in unstimulated Caco-2 cells. Conversely, in phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate and ionomycin (PMA/Io) stimulated Caco-2 cells, lactobacilli from the omnivorous group and all bifidobacteria significantly down-regulated IL-8. Notably, both genera also lowered the TSLP expression in stimulated Caco-2 cells, regardless of the diet regimen. By further examining these data on the basis of geographical origin, we found that lactobacilli from the vegetarian group recruited in Bari, significantly up-regulated this cytokine. In conclusion, we highlighted a peculiar immune-modulatory activity profile for lactobacilli on enterocytes undergoing a stimulatory signal, which was associated with a specific dietary habit. Furthermore, the geographical area had a significant impact on the inflammatory potential of members of the Lactobacillus genus.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Food Sciences, CNR, Avellino, Italy.
authors.forename: Diomira
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Luongo
authors.affiliation: Institute of Food Sciences, CNR, Avellino, Italy.
authors.forename: Annachiara
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Coppola
authors.affiliation: Institute of Food Sciences, CNR, Avellino, Italy.
authors.forename: Lucia
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Treppiccione
authors.affiliation: Institute of Food Sciences, CNR, Avellino, Italy.
authors.forename: Paolo
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Bergamo
authors.affiliation: Institute of Food Sciences, CNR, Avellino, Italy.
authors.forename: Alida
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Sorrentino
authors.affiliation: Department of Agricultural, Forest and Food Science, University of Turin, Grugliasco, Italy.
authors.forename: Ilario
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Ferrocino
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, Alma Mater Studiorum University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy.
authors.forename: Silvia
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Turroni
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Food Microbiology, Department of Food Science, University of Parma, Parco Area delle Scienze 48/A, Parma, Italy.
authors.forename: Erasmo
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Neviani
authors.affiliation: Department of Soil, Plant and Food Sciences, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Bari, Italy.
authors.forename: Raffaella
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Di Cagno
authors.affiliation: Department of Agricultural, Forest and Food Science, University of Turin, Grugliasco, Italy.
authors.forename: Luca
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Cocolin
authors.affiliation: Institute of Food Sciences, CNR, Avellino, Italy. Electronic address: mrossi@isa.cnr.it.
authors.forename: Mauro
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Rossi
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D001644:Bifidobacterium / Q000276:immunology* / Q000302:isolation & purification; D018938:Caco-2 Cells; D016207:Cytokines / Q000276:immunology*; D005247:Feeding Behavior; D005260:Female; D005518:Food Preferences; D006801:Humans; D016209:Interleukin-8 / Q000276:immunology*; D007778:Lactobacillus / Q000276:immunology* / Q000302:isolation & purification; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D013755:Tetradecanoylphorbol Acetate / Q000494:pharmacology; D000094632:Thymic Stromal Lymphopoietin
chemical_list: C508606:CXCL8 protein, human; D016207:Cytokines; D016209:Interleukin-8; D013755:Tetradecanoylphorbol Acetate; D000094632:Thymic Stromal Lymphopoietin
keywords: Diet; Enterocyte; Immunity; Microbiota