title: The Effects of Nanoparticles Containing Iron on Blood and Inflammatory Markers in Comparison to Ferrous Sulfate in Anemic Rats.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Ferrous sulfate is the most used supplement for treating anemia, but it can result in unfavorable side effects. Nowadays, nanotechnology is used as a way to increase bioavailability and decrease the side effects of drugs and nutrients. This study investigates the effects of nanoparticles containing iron on blood and inflammatory markers in comparison to ferrous sulfate in anemic rats.
  
  
  METHODS
  To induce the model of hemolytic anemia, 50 mg/kg bw phenylhydrazine was injected intraperitoneally in rats on the 1stday and 25 mg/kg bw for the four following days. Then, rats were randomly divided into five groups. No material was added to the nipple of the Group 1 (control). Group 2 received 0.4 mg/day nanoparticles of iron; Group 3 received 0.4 mg/day ferrous sulfate, and Groups 4 and 5 received double dose of iron nanoparticle and ferrous sulfate, respectively for ten days.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Hemoglobin and red blood cell (RBC) in Group 2 were significantly higher than Group 3 (P< 0.05). In addition, hemoglobin and RBC in Group 4 and 5 were significantly higher than Group 3 (P< 0.05). The average level of serum iron in Groups 2 and 4 was remarkably more than the groups received ferrous sulfate with similar doses (P< 0.05). C-reactive protein in Group 3 was more than Group 2 and in Group 5 was more compare to all other groups.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Single dose of nanoparticles had more bioavailability compare to ferrous sulfate, but this did not occur for the double dose. Furthermore, both doses of nanoparticles caused lower inflammation than ferrous sulfate.
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
authors.forename: Elaheh Honarkar
authors.initials: EH
authors.lastname: Shafie
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
authors.forename: Seyed Ali
authors.initials: SA
authors.lastname: Keshavarz
authors.affiliation: Department of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Amirkabir University of Technology, Tehran, Iran.
authors.forename: Mohammad Esmaiel
authors.initials: ME
authors.lastname: Kefayati
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran.
authors.forename: Fatemeh
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Taheri
authors.affiliation: Department of Statistic and Epidemiology, Faculty of Nutrition and Health, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.
authors.forename: Parvin
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Sarbakhsh
authors.affiliation: Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
authors.forename: Mohammad Reza
authors.initials: MR
authors.lastname: Vafa
keywords: Anemia; ferrous sulfate; nanoparticle