title: Effect of Fordyce Happiness Model on depression, stress, anxiety, and fatigue in patients with multiple sclerosis.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  This study was conducted to investigate the effect of Fordyce Happiness Model (FHM) on depression, stress, anxiety, and fatigue in MS patients.
  
  
  METHODS
  In this clinical trial, 140 MS patients assigned to experimental and control groups. Depression, anxiety, stress, and fatigue were measured by Depression Anxiety Stress Scale-21 and Piper Standard Scale before and immediately and three months after the implementation of FHM. The data were analyzed by SPSS 18.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Independent t-test indicated that total scores of stress, depression, and fatigue of the two groups were not significantly different before the intervention but were significantly different after the intervention (P˂0.05). Moreover, anxiety scores of the two were not significantly different after the intervention (P˃0.05).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  FHM can assist MS patients to manage their disease and associated problems in life. Besides that, since FHM is efficient and costless, it can be incorporated into the health interventions for MS patients.
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Nursing and Midwifery, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Faculty of Brain and Spinal Injury Repair Research Center of Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. Electronic address: khayeri.f@iums.ac.ir.
authors.forename: Fereydoon
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Khayeri
authors.affiliation: Department of Health Education and Promotion, School of Health, Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences, Shahrekord, Iran. Electronic address: Leila_Rabiei@yahoo.com.
authors.forename: Leili
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Rabiei
authors.affiliation: Babol University of Medical Sciences, School of Nursing and Midwifery, Ramsar, Mazandaran, Iran. Electronic address: abbasshamsalinia@yahoo.com.
authors.forename: Abbas
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Shamsalinia
authors.affiliation: Community-oriented Nursing and Midwifery Research Center, Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences, Shahrekord, Iran. Electronic address: masoodi1383@yahoo.com.
authors.forename: Reza
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Masoudi
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000529:Complementary Therapies; D003863:Depression / Q000209:etiology / Q000628:therapy; D005221:Fatigue / Q000209:etiology / Q000628:therapy; D005260:Female; D006240:Happiness; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D008960:Models, Psychological; D009103:Multiple Sclerosis / Q000150:complications*; D013315:Stress, Psychological / Q000209:etiology / Q000628:therapy
keywords: Anxiety; Depression; FHM; Fatigue; Multiple sclerosis; Stress