title: The Involvement of a Concerned Significant Other in Gambling Disorder Treatment Outcome.
abstract: Interpersonal distress is a common feature in gambling disorder and adding a concerned significant other (CSO) to the recovery process could be an effective tool for improving treatment outcome. However, little empirical evidence is available regarding the effectiveness of including a CSO to interventions. We aimed to compare treatment outcomes (i.e. compliance with therapy guidelines, dropout from treatment, and relapse during treatment) in a CBT program involving a CSO to CBT treatment as usual (TAU) without a CSO. The sample comprised male gambling disorder patients (N = 675). The manualized CBT intervention consisted of 16 weekly outpatient group sessions and a 3-month follow-up period. Patient CSOs attended a predetermined number of sessions with the patient and were provided with resources to acquire a better understanding of the disorder, to manage risk situations, and to aid patients in adhering to treatment guidelines. Patients with a CSO had significant higher treatment attendance and reduced dropout compared to patients receiving TAU. Moreover, patients whose spouse was involved in the treatment program were less likely to relapse and adhered to the treatment guidelines more than those with a non-spousal CSO. Our results suggest that incorporating interpersonal support to gambling disorder interventions could potentially improve treatment outcomes.
authors.affiliation: Pathological Gambling Unit, Department of Psychiatry, Bellvitge University Hospital-IDIBELL, C/Feixa Llarga s/n, 08907, Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain. sjimenez@bellvitgehospital.cat.|Ciber Fisiopatología Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERObn), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, C/Monforte de Lemos, 3-5, Pabellón 11 - Planta 0, 28029, Madrid, Spain. sjimenez@bellvitgehospital.cat.|Department of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Barcelona, Campus de Bellvitge - Pavelló de Govern, Feixa Llarga s/n, 08907, Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain. sjimenez@bellvitgehospital.cat.
authors.forename: Susana
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Jiménez-Murcia
authors.affiliation: Département de Psychoéducation, Université du Québec à Trois-Rivières, 3351 Boulevard des Forges, Trois-Rivières, QC, G9A 5H7, Canada.
authors.forename: Joël
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Tremblay
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry, University of Minnesota Medical School, 2450 Riverside Avenue South Minneapolis, Minneapolis, MN, 55454, USA.
authors.forename: Randy
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Stinchfield
authors.affiliation: Ciber Fisiopatología Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERObn), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, C/Monforte de Lemos, 3-5, Pabellón 11 - Planta 0, 28029, Madrid, Spain.|Departament de Psicobiologia i Metodologia de les Ciències de la Salut, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, C/Fortuna Edificio B, 08193, Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain.
authors.forename: Roser
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Granero
authors.affiliation: Pathological Gambling Unit, Department of Psychiatry, Bellvitge University Hospital-IDIBELL, C/Feixa Llarga s/n, 08907, Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain.|Ciber Fisiopatología Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERObn), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, C/Monforte de Lemos, 3-5, Pabellón 11 - Planta 0, 28029, Madrid, Spain.|Department of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Barcelona, Campus de Bellvitge - Pavelló de Govern, Feixa Llarga s/n, 08907, Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain.
authors.forename: Fernando
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Fernández-Aranda
authors.affiliation: Pathological Gambling Unit, Department of Psychiatry, Bellvitge University Hospital-IDIBELL, C/Feixa Llarga s/n, 08907, Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain.|Ciber Fisiopatología Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERObn), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, C/Monforte de Lemos, 3-5, Pabellón 11 - Planta 0, 28029, Madrid, Spain.
authors.forename: Gemma
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Mestre-Bach
authors.affiliation: Pathological Gambling Unit, Department of Psychiatry, Bellvitge University Hospital-IDIBELL, C/Feixa Llarga s/n, 08907, Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain.|Ciber Fisiopatología Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERObn), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, C/Monforte de Lemos, 3-5, Pabellón 11 - Planta 0, 28029, Madrid, Spain.
authors.forename: Trevor
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Steward
authors.affiliation: Pathological Gambling Unit, Department of Psychiatry, Bellvitge University Hospital-IDIBELL, C/Feixa Llarga s/n, 08907, Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain.|Nursing Department of Mental Health, Public Health, Maternal and Child Health, Nursing School, University of Barcelona, Campus de Bellvitge - Pavelló de Govern, Feixa Llarga s/n, 08907, Hospitalet del Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain.
authors.forename: Amparo
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Del Pino-Gutiérrez
authors.affiliation: Pathological Gambling Unit, Department of Psychiatry, Bellvitge University Hospital-IDIBELL, C/Feixa Llarga s/n, 08907, Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain.
authors.forename: Marta
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Baño
authors.affiliation: Pathological Gambling Unit, Department of Psychiatry, Bellvitge University Hospital-IDIBELL, C/Feixa Llarga s/n, 08907, Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain.
authors.forename: Laura
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Moragas
authors.affiliation: Pathological Gambling Unit, Department of Psychiatry, Bellvitge University Hospital-IDIBELL, C/Feixa Llarga s/n, 08907, Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain.
authors.forename: Neus
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Aymamí
authors.affiliation: Pathological Gambling Unit, Department of Psychiatry, Bellvitge University Hospital-IDIBELL, C/Feixa Llarga s/n, 08907, Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain.
authors.forename: Mónica
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Gómez-Peña
authors.affiliation: Departament de Psicobiologia i Metodologia de les Ciències de la Salut, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, C/Fortuna Edificio B, 08193, Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain.
authors.forename: Salomé
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Tárrega
authors.affiliation: Pathological Gambling Unit, Department of Psychiatry, Bellvitge University Hospital-IDIBELL, C/Feixa Llarga s/n, 08907, Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain.
authors.forename: Eduardo
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Valenciano-Mendoza
authors.affiliation: Centre d'Excellence pour la Prévention et le Traitement du Jeu, Faculté de Sciencies Sociales, Université Laval, Pavillon Félix-Antoine-Savard, 2325 rue des Bibliothèques, Local 1116, Quebec, QC, Canada.
authors.forename: Isabelle
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Giroux
authors.affiliation: Pathological Gambling Unit, Department of Psychiatry, Bellvitge University Hospital-IDIBELL, C/Feixa Llarga s/n, 08907, Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain.
authors.forename: Marta
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Sancho
authors.affiliation: Pathological Gambling Unit, Department of Psychiatry, Bellvitge University Hospital-IDIBELL, C/Feixa Llarga s/n, 08907, Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain.
authors.forename: Isabel
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Sánchez
authors.affiliation: Pathological Gambling Unit, Department of Psychiatry, Bellvitge University Hospital-IDIBELL, C/Feixa Llarga s/n, 08907, Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain.|Ciber Fisiopatología Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERObn), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, C/Monforte de Lemos, 3-5, Pabellón 11 - Planta 0, 28029, Madrid, Spain.
authors.forename: Núria
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Mallorquí-Bagué
authors.affiliation: Atención e Investigación en Socioadicciones, Red de Salud Mental y Adicciones, Generalitat de Catalunya (XHUB), C/Forn 7-9 Local, 08014, Barcelona, Spain.
authors.forename: Vega
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: González
authors.affiliation: Facultat de Psicologia, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Edifici B1, Campus de la Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, C/Ca n'Altayó, s/n, 08193, Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain.
authors.forename: Virginia
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Martín-Romera
authors.affiliation: Pathological Gambling Unit, Department of Psychiatry, Bellvitge University Hospital-IDIBELL, C/Feixa Llarga s/n, 08907, Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain.|Department of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Barcelona, Campus de Bellvitge - Pavelló de Govern, Feixa Llarga s/n, 08907, Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain.|CIBER Salud Mental (CIBERSAM), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, C/Monforte de Lemos 3-5, Pabellón 11 - Planta 0, 28029, Madrid, Spain.
authors.forename: José M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Menchón
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D015928:Cognitive Behavioral Therapy / Q000379:methods; D005260:Female; D005715:Gambling / Q000523:psychology* / Q000628:therapy*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010349:Patient Compliance / Q000523:psychology*; D012944:Social Support; D018454:Spouses / Q000523:psychology*; D016896:Treatment Outcome
keywords: Cognitive-behavioral therapy; Concerned significant others; Gambling disorder; Outcome predictors