title: Long-term evaluation of fecal continence and quality of life in patients operated for anorectal malformations.
abstract: Patients operated for correction of anorectal malformations (ARM) can develop fecal incontinence, constipation, and soiling, with loss in quality of life.
  To evaluate, through the use of questionnaires, fecal continence, and quality of life of children in the late postoperative follow-up of ARM correction, both high and low. In addition, the levels of fecal continence and quality of life were compared with those of a control group.
  A Fecal Continence Index Questionnaire (ICF) and a Questionnaire for Assessment of Quality of Life Related to Fecal Continence in Children and Adolescents (QQVCFCA) were administered to 63 patients with ARM, aged from 7 to 19 years, whose surgical treatment had been completed for at least 6 months. The patients were compared to a control group of 59 children.
  In the control group, 25 (42.4%) patients had good continence and 34 (57.6%), normal continence. We found that the quality of life in children with ARM is compromised globally, in all areas and in the ICF questionnaire, compared to controls (p<0.001). There was no difference between patients with high and low defects. Thirty-two (50.8%) patients had other associated anomalies.
  In patients operated for ARM correction, quality of life and ICF were compromised, and there was no difference between patients with high-type and low-type of the disease. In about half the cases there are other associated malformations.
authors.affiliation: Associate Professor, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo (FMUSP). Physician, Service of Pediatric Surgery and Liver Transplantation, Instituto da Criança, Hospital das Clínicas, FMUSP, São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
authors.forename: Ana Cristina Aoun
authors.initials: AC
authors.lastname: Tannuri
authors.affiliation: Medical Student, FMUSP, São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
authors.forename: Mariana Aparecida Elisei
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Ferreira
authors.affiliation: Physician, Service of Pediatric Surgery and Liver Transplantation, Instituto da Criança, Hospital das Clínicas, FMUSP, São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
authors.forename: Arthur Loguetti
authors.initials: AL
authors.lastname: Mathias
authors.affiliation: Full Professor, Department of Pediatric Surgery and Liver Transplantation, FMUSP. Head of the Service of Pediatric Surgery and Liver Transplantation, Instituto da Criança, Hospital das Clínicas, FMUSP, São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
authors.forename: Uenis
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: Tannuri
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000071056:Anorectal Malformations / Q000150:complications / Q000523:psychology / Q000601:surgery*; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D002648:Child; D005242:Fecal Incontinence / Q000209:etiology / Q000523:psychology / Q000601:surgery*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D011788:Quality of Life / Q000523:psychology*; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D013997:Time Factors; D055815:Young Adult