title: Combining in silico and in vitro approaches to evaluate the acetylcholinesterase inhibitory profile of some commercially available flavonoids in the management of Alzheimer's disease.
abstract: The current objective of the study is to identify inhibitory affinity potential of the certain commercially available flavonoids, against crystal structure of acetylcholinesterase (AChE) enzyme using in silico and in vitro studies. The inhibitory profiles of the compounds have been compared with standard AChE inhibitor donepezil. In the docking studies, conformational site analysis and docking parameters like binding energy, inhibition constant and intermolecular energy were determined using AutoDock 4.2. Docking studies conducted with diosmin, silibinin, scopoletin, taxifolin and tricetin exhibited tight binding forces prevailing with the enzyme than between donepezil. Based on the in silico studies, compounds were selected for the in vitro AChE inhibitory assay. In vitro results showed that all the selected flavonoids displayed excellent concentration-dependant inhibition of AChE. Scopoletin was found to be the most potent and specific inhibitor of the enzyme with IC50 values of 10.18±0.68μM. Scopoletin showed several strong hydrogen bonds to several important amino acid residues against target enzyme. A number of hydrophobic interactions could also explain the potency of the compounds to inhibit AChE. These molecular docking and in vitro analyses could lead to the further development of potent acetylcholinesterase inhibitors for the treatment of Alzheimer's disease.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Sri Ramakrishna Institute of Paramedical Sciences, Coimbatore, 641 044, Tamil Nadu, India.
authors.forename: Asokkumar
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Kuppusamy
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Sri Ramakrishna Institute of Paramedical Sciences, Coimbatore, 641 044, Tamil Nadu, India. Electronic address: madeswaran2@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Madeswaran
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Arumugam
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, Sri Ramakrishna Institute of Paramedical Sciences, Coimbatore, 641 044, Tamil Nadu, India.
authors.forename: Sonia
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: George
mesh_terms: D000110:Acetylcholinesterase / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism*; D000544:Alzheimer Disease / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000201:enzymology; D000818:Animals; D002800:Cholinesterase Inhibitors / Q000378:metabolism / Q000494:pharmacology* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D003198:Computer Simulation; D005419:Flavonoids / Q000378:metabolism / Q000494:pharmacology* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D006860:Hydrogen Bonding; D051379:Mice; D062105:Molecular Docking Simulation; D011487:Protein Conformation
chemical_list: D002800:Cholinesterase Inhibitors; D005419:Flavonoids; D000110:Acetylcholinesterase
keywords: Alzheimer’s disease; Amino acid residues; Binding energy; Inhibition constant; Molecular interactions