title: Sulfatide species with various fatty acid chains in oligodendrocytes at different developmental stages determined by imaging mass spectrometry.
abstract: HSO3-3-galactosylceramide (Sulfatide) species comprise the major glycosphingolipid components of oligodendrocytes and myelin and play functional roles in the regulation of oligodendrocyte maturation and myelin formation. Although various sulfatide species contain different fatty acids, it is unclear how these sulfatide species affect oligodendrogenesis and myelination. The O4 monoclonal antibody reaction with sulfatide has been widely used as a useful marker for oligodendrocytes and myelin. However, sulfatide synthesis during the pro-oligodendroblast stage, where differentiation into the oligodendrocyte lineage has already occurred, has not been examined. Notably, this stage comprises O4-positive cells. In this study, we identified a sulfatide species from the pro-oligodendroblast-to-myelination stage by imaging mass spectrometry. The results demonstrated that short-chain sulfatides with 16 carbon non-hydroxylated fatty acids (C16) and 18 carbon non-hydroxylated fatty acids (C18) or 18 carbon hydroxylated fatty acids (C18-OH) existed in restricted regions of the early embryonic spinal cord, where pro-oligodendroblasts initially appear, and co-localized with Olig2-positive pro-oligodendroblasts. C18 and C18-OH sulfatides also existed in isolated pro-oligodendroblasts. C22-OH sulfatide became predominant later in oligodendrocyte development and the longer C24 sulfatide was predominant in the adult brain. Additionally, the presence of each sulfatide species in a different area of the adult brain was demonstrated by imaging mass spectrometry at an increased lateral resolution. These findings indicated that O4 recognized sulfatides with short-chain fatty acids in pro-oligodendroblasts. Moreover, the fatty acid chain of the sulfatide became longer as the oligodendrocyte matured. Therefore, individual sulfatide species may have unique roles in oligodendrocyte maturation and myelination. Read the Editorial Highlight for this article on page 356.
authors.affiliation: Department of Anatomy and Cell Science, Kansai Medical University, Osaka, Japan.
authors.forename: Yukie
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Hirahara
authors.affiliation: Department of Anatomy and Cell Science, Kansai Medical University, Osaka, Japan.
authors.forename: Taketoshi
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Wakabayashi
authors.affiliation: Department of Anatomy and Cell Science, Kansai Medical University, Osaka, Japan.|School of Health Science, Faculty of Medicine, Tottori University, Tottori, Japan.
authors.forename: Tetsuji
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Mori
authors.affiliation: Department of Anatomy and Cell Science, Kansai Medical University, Osaka, Japan.
authors.forename: Taro
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Koike
authors.affiliation: Department of Optical Imaging, Institute for Medical Photonics Research, Preeminent Medical Photonics Education & Research Center, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Shizuoka, Japan.
authors.forename: Ikuko
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Yao
authors.affiliation: The Division of Laboratory Animal Science, Science Research Center, Kochi University Medical School, Kochi, Japan.
authors.forename: Masayuki
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Tsuda
authors.affiliation: Department of Biochemistry, Kochi University Medical School, Kochi, Japan.
authors.forename: Koichi
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Honke
authors.affiliation: Department of Biology, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan.
authors.forename: Hitoshi
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Gotoh
authors.affiliation: Department of Biology, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan.
authors.forename: Katsuhiko
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Ono
authors.affiliation: Department of Anatomy and Cell Science, Kansai Medical University, Osaka, Japan.
authors.forename: Hisao
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Yamada
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001921:Brain / Q000254:growth & development* / Q000378:metabolism; D002417:Cattle; D005227:Fatty Acids / Q000032:analysis* / Q000378:metabolism; D005260:Female; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D008810:Mice, Inbred C57BL; D018345:Mice, Knockout; D009836:Oligodendroglia / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000378:metabolism; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D019032:Spectrometry, Mass, Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption-Ionization / Q000379:methods; D013116:Spinal Cord / Q000737:chemistry / Q000254:growth & development* / Q000378:metabolism; D013433:Sulfoglycosphingolipids / Q000032:analysis* / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D005227:Fatty Acids; D013433:Sulfoglycosphingolipids
keywords: HSO3-3-galactosylceramide; fatty acid chain; imaging mass spectrometry; myelin; pro-oligodendroblast