title: Heart failure 2016: still more questions than answers.
abstract: Heart failure has reached epidemic proportions given the ageing of populations and is associated with high mortality and re-hospitalization rates. This article reviews and summarizes recent advances in the diagnosis, assessment and treatment of the patients with heart failure. Data are discussed based also on the most recent guidelines indications. Open issues and unmet needs are highlighted.
authors.affiliation: Cardiology, Department of Medical and Surgical Specialties, Radiological Sciences, and Public Health, University of Brescia, Italy. Electronic address: metramarco@libero.it.
authors.forename: Marco
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Metra
authors.affiliation: Cardiology, Department of Medical and Surgical Specialties, Radiological Sciences, and Public Health, University of Brescia, Italy.
authors.forename: Valentina
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Carubelli
authors.affiliation: Cardiology, Department of Medical and Surgical Specialties, Radiological Sciences, and Public Health, University of Brescia, Italy.
authors.forename: Alice
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Ravera
authors.affiliation: Monash University, Australia and University of Warwick, UK.
authors.forename: Andrew J
authors.initials: AJ
authors.lastname: Stewart Coats
mesh_terms: D002317:Cardiovascular Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage; D006333:Heart Failure / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000628:therapy*; D006439:Hemodynamics / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology; D006801:Humans; D007674:Kidney Diseases / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000628:therapy; D017410:Practice Guidelines as Topic / Q000592:standards; D013318:Stroke Volume / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology
chemical_list: D002317:Cardiovascular Agents
keywords: devices; ejection fraction; heart failure; hospitalization; prognosis; treatment