title: Characterizing the Blood Oxygen Level-Dependent Fluctuations in Musculoskeletal Tumours Using Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging.
abstract: This study characterized the blood oxygen level-dependent (BOLD) fluctuations in benign and malignant musculoskeletal tumours via power spectrum analyses in pre-established low-frequency bands. BOLD MRI and T1-weighted imaging (T1WI) were collected for 52 patients with musculoskeletal tumours. Three ROIs were drawn on the T1WI image in the tumours' central regions, peripheral regions and neighbouring tissue. The power spectrum of the BOLD within each ROI was calculated and divided into the following four frequency bands: 0.01-0.027 Hz, 0.027-0.073 Hz, 0.073-0.198 Hz, and 0.198-0.25 Hz. ANOVA was conducted for each frequency band with the following two factors: the location of the region of interest (LoR, three levels: tumour "centre", "peripheral" and "healthy tissue") and tumour characteristic (TC, two levels: "malignant" and "benign"). There was a significant main effect of LoR in the frequencies of 0.073-0.198 Hz and 0.198-0.25 Hz. These data were further processed with post-hoc pair-wise comparisons. BOLD fluctuations at 0.073-0.198 Hz were stronger in the peripheral than central regions of the malignant tumours; however, no such difference was observed for the benign tumours. Our findings provide evidence that the BOLD signal fluctuates with spatial heterogeneity in malignant musculoskeletal tumours at the frequency band of 0.073-0.198 Hz.
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, The Third Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei 050051, China.|Hebei Province Biomechanical Key Laboratory of Orthopedics, Shijiazhuang, Hebei 050051, China.
authors.forename: Li-Sha
authors.initials: LS
authors.lastname: Duan
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, The Third Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei 050051, China.|Hebei Province Biomechanical Key Laboratory of Orthopedics, Shijiazhuang, Hebei 050051, China.
authors.forename: Meng-Jun
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, The Third Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei 050051, China.|Hebei Province Biomechanical Key Laboratory of Orthopedics, Shijiazhuang, Hebei 050051, China.
authors.forename: Feng
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Sun
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, The Third Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei 050051, China.|Hebei Province Biomechanical Key Laboratory of Orthopedics, Shijiazhuang, Hebei 050051, China.
authors.forename: Zhen-Jiang
authors.initials: ZJ
authors.lastname: Zhao
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, The Third Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei 050051, China.|Hebei Province Biomechanical Key Laboratory of Orthopedics, Shijiazhuang, Hebei 050051, China.
authors.forename: Mei
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Xing
authors.affiliation: Center for Cognition and Brain Disorders, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 311121, China.|Zhejiang Key Laboratory for Research in Assessment of Cognitive Impairments, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310015, China.
authors.forename: Yu-Feng
authors.initials: YF
authors.lastname: Zang
authors.affiliation: Physics Department, Oakland University, 190 Science and Engineering Building, 2200 N. Squirrel Road, Rochester, Michigan 48309-4401, USA.
authors.forename: Steven
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Louis
authors.affiliation: Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, 540 East Canfield Avenue, Detroit, Michigan 48201, USA.
authors.forename: Sheng-Jie
authors.initials: SJ
authors.lastname: Cui
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, The Third Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei 050051, China.|Hebei Province Biomechanical Key Laboratory of Orthopedics, Shijiazhuang, Hebei 050051, China.
authors.forename: Jian-Ling
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: Cui
authors.affiliation: Center for Cognition and Brain Disorders, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 311121, China.|Zhejiang Key Laboratory for Research in Assessment of Cognitive Impairments, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310015, China.|Department of Radiology and BRIC, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA.
authors.forename: Han
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Zhang
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D001859:Bone Neoplasms / Q000097:blood* / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D019042:Muscle Neoplasms / Q000097:blood* / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D010100:Oxygen / Q000097:blood*
chemical_list: D010100:Oxygen