title: Platyphylloside Isolated FromBetula platyphyllaInhibit Adipocyte Differentiation and Induce Lipolysis Via Regulating Adipokines Including PPARγ in 3T3-L1 Cells.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Obesity causes or aggravates many health problems, both independently and in association with several pathological disorders, including Type II diabetes, hypertension, atherosclerosis, and cancer. Therefore, we screened small compounds isolated from natural products for the development of anti-obesity drugs.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  The purpose of this study was to investigate the anti-adipogenic activities of platyphylloside, diarylheptanoid isolated fromBetula platyphylla, which was selected based on the screening using 3T3-L1 cells.
  
  
  METHODS
  To evaluate the inhibition of adipocyte differentiation and lipolysis, lipid contents of BPP on were measured using Oil Red O staining in 3T3-L1 cells. The mRNA and protein expression levels of various adipokines were measured by Quantitative real-time PCR and Western blotting analysis, respectively.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Platyphylloside showed significant inhibitory activity on adipocyte differentiation in 3T3-L1 cells and suppressed adipocyte differentiation even in the presence of troglitazone, a PPARγ agonist. Platyphylloside might suppress adipocyte differentiation through PPARγ, C/EBPα, and SREBP1-induced adipogenesis, which is synergistically associated with downstream adipocyte-specific gene promoters such as aP2, FAS, SCD-1, LPL, and Adiponectin. In addition, platyphylloside affected lipolysis by down-regulating perilipin and HSL and up-regulating TNFα.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Taken together, the results reveal that platyphylloside has anti-adipogenic activity and highlight its potential in the prevention and treatment of obesity.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The extract of B.platyphyllabark and its isolate, BPP, had anti-adipogenic activity in 3T3-L1 cells via suppression of adipocyte differentiation from preadipocytes.Treatment with BPP significantly down-regulated the expression of PPARγ, C/EBP, C/EBPβ, C/EBPδ, SREBP1c, SCD-1, FAS, aP2 and LPL.BPP induced a lipolytic response in mature adipocytes via up-regulation krof TNFá and down-regulation of HSL, perilipin, PPARγ, PDE3B, and Gia1.BPP is a novel potential agent in the prevention and treatment of obesity through its anti-adipogenic activities and lipolysis.Abbreviations used:DMEM: Dulbecco's modified Eagle's medium, FBS: fetal bovine serum, ORO: Oil Red O, PBS: phosphate buffered saline, RT: room temperature, PPAR: peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor, C/EBP: CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein, SREBP1: sterol regulatory element binding protein 1, SCD-1: steroyl-coenzyme A desaturase 1, LPL: lipoprotein lipase, aP2: adipocyte fatty acid binding protein, FAS: fatty acid synthase, HSL: hormone sensitive lipase, Giα1: GPT binding protein, PDE3B: phosphodiesterase 3B, TNFα: tumor necrosis factor α, GAPDH: glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate dehydrogenase, SD: standard deviation, EGCG: epigallocatechin-3-gallate, TZD: thiazolidinediones.
authors.affiliation: College of Pharmacy, Sunchon National University, 255 Jungangno, Suncheon-si 57922, Jeonnam, Republic of Korea; Suncheon Research Center for Natural Medicines, 255 Jungangno, Suncheon-si 57922, Jeonnam, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Mina
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.affiliation: College of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Seoul National University, 599 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Sang Hyun
authors.initials: SH
authors.lastname: Sung
keywords: 3T3-L1 cells; Adipogenesis; adipocyte differentiation; betula platyphylla; diarylheptanoid; obesity; platyphylloside