title: Low β2 Main Peak Frequency in the Electroencephalogram Signs Vulnerability to Depression.
abstract: Objective:After an intense and repeated stress some rats become vulnerable to depression. This state is characterized by persistent low serum BDNF concentration. Our objective was to determine whether electrophysiological markers can sign vulnerability to depression.Methods:Forty-three Sprague Dawley rats were recorded with supradural electrodes above hippocampus and connected to wireless EEG transmitters. Twenty-nine animals experienced four daily social defeats (SD) followed by 1 month recovery. After SD, 14 rats had persistent low serum BDNF level and were considered as vulnerable (V) while the 15 others were considered as non-vulnerable (NV). EEG signals were analyzed during active waking before SD (Baseline), just after SD (Post-Stress) and 1 month after SD (Recovery).Results:We found that V animals are characterized by higher high θ and α spectral relative powers and lower β2 main peak frequency before SD. These differences are maintained at Post-Stress and Recovery for α spectral relative powers and β2 main peak frequency. Using ROC analysis, we show that low β2 main peak frequency assessed during Baseline is a good predictor of the future state of vulnerability to depression.Conclusion:Given the straightforwardness of EEG recordings, these results open the way to prospective studies in humans aiming to identify population at-risk for depression.
authors.affiliation: Département Neurosciences and Contraintes Opérationnelles, Institut de Recherche Biomédicale des ArméesBrétigny-sur-Orge, France; Sorbonne Universités, Pierre and Marie Curie University Univ Paris 06, INSERM, CNRS, Neurosciences Paris Seine - Institut de Biologie Paris Seine (NPS - IBPS), Site Pitié-SalpêtrièreParis, France; Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, U1130Paris, France; Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, UMR8246Paris, France.
authors.forename: Damien
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Claverie
authors.affiliation: Sorbonne Universités, Pierre and Marie Curie University Univ Paris 06, INSERM, CNRS, Neurosciences Paris Seine - Institut de Biologie Paris Seine (NPS - IBPS), Site Pitié-SalpêtrièreParis, France; Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, U1130Paris, France; Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, UMR8246Paris, France; Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Faculté de MédecineParis, France.
authors.forename: Chrystel
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Becker
authors.affiliation: Aix Marseille Univ., INSERM, INS, Inst. Neurosci. Syst. Marseille, France.
authors.forename: Antoine
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Ghestem
authors.affiliation: Département Neurosciences and Contraintes Opérationnelles, Institut de Recherche Biomédicale des Armées Brétigny-sur-Orge, France.
authors.forename: Mathieu
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Coutan
authors.affiliation: Sorbonne Universités, Pierre and Marie Curie University Univ Paris 06, INSERM, CNRS, Neurosciences Paris Seine - Institut de Biologie Paris Seine (NPS - IBPS), Site Pitié-SalpêtrièreParis, France; Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, U1130Paris, France; Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, UMR8246Paris, France.
authors.forename: Françoise
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Camus
authors.affiliation: Aix Marseille Univ., INSERM, INS, Inst. Neurosci. Syst. Marseille, France.
authors.forename: Christophe
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Bernard
authors.affiliation: Sorbonne Universités, Pierre and Marie Curie University Univ Paris 06, INSERM, CNRS, Neurosciences Paris Seine - Institut de Biologie Paris Seine (NPS - IBPS), Site Pitié-SalpêtrièreParis, France; Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, U1130Paris, France; Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, UMR8246Paris, France; AP-HP, Hôpital de la Pitié-Salpêtrière, Service de Biochimie Endocrinienne et OncologiqueParis, France.
authors.forename: Jean-Jacques
authors.initials: JJ
authors.lastname: Benoliel
authors.affiliation: Département Neurosciences and Contraintes Opérationnelles, Institut de Recherche Biomédicale des ArméesBrétigny-sur-Orge, France; Ecole du Val de GrâceParis, France.
authors.forename: Frédéric
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Canini
keywords: BDNF; Beta 2; EEG; biomarker; peak frequency; social defeat; stress; vulnerability to depression