title: Change in the responsiveness of interferon-stimulated genes during early pregnancy in cows with Borna virus-1 infection.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Borna disease virus is a neurotropic pathogen and infects the central nervous system. This virus infected a variety of animal species including cows. The most of cows infected with Borna disease virus 1 (BoDV-1) exhibit subclinical infection without any neurological symptoms throughout their lifetime. We previously reported on the low conception rates in-seropositive cows. Interferon-τ (IFN-τ) plays an important role in stable fertilization, and is produced from the fetal side following embryo growth at 15-40 days of pregnancy. IFN-τ induces the expression of interferon-stimulated gene (ISG) 15 and Mx2 in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs). To understand the embryo growth and maternal reaction during early pregnancy in cows with BoDV-1 infection, we aimed to assess the gene expression of ISG15 and Mx2 from PBMCs in BoDV-1-seropositive cows.
  
  
  RESULTS
  None of the cows showed any clinical and neurological symptoms. Among the cows that conceived, the expressions of the ISG15 and Mx2 genes were greater in the BoDV-1-seropositive cows than in the BoDV-1-seronegative cows; the difference was significant between the cows that conceived and those that did not (P < 0.05).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The expression of ISG15 and Mx2 genes during early pregnancy significantly increased in the BoDV-1-seropositive cows and may be important for the maintenance of stable pregnancy in BoDV-1-infected cows. In contrast, the gene expression levels of ISG15 and Mx2 did not significantly increase during early pregnancy in BoDV-1-seronegative cows. Thus, BoDV-1 infection may lead to instability in the maintenance of early pregnancy by interfering with INF-τ production.
authors.affiliation: School of Veterinary Medicine, Rakuno Gakuen University, Ebetsu, Hokkaido, Japan.|Scientific Feed Laboratory Co., Ltd., 3-5 Miyahara, Takasaki, Gunma, Japan.
authors.forename: Tadashi
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Takino
authors.affiliation: School of Veterinary Medicine, Rakuno Gakuen University, Ebetsu, Hokkaido, Japan.
authors.forename: Taku
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Okamura
authors.affiliation: Veterinary Clinical Center, NOSAI Hokkaido, Ishikari district, Japan.
authors.forename: Tatsuya
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Ando
authors.affiliation: School of Veterinary Medicine, Rakuno Gakuen University, Ebetsu, Hokkaido, Japan. k-hagi@rakuno.ac.jp.
authors.forename: Katsuro
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Hagiwara
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000914:Antibodies, Viral / Q000097:blood; D001890:Borna Disease / Q000235:genetics* / Q000276:immunology*; D001891:Borna disease virus / Q000502:physiology; D002417:Cattle; D002418:Cattle Diseases / Q000235:genetics* / Q000276:immunology*; D016207:Cytokines / Q000235:genetics*; D005260:Female; D005786:Gene Expression Regulation / Q000276:immunology*; D007372:Interferons / Q000378:metabolism; D007963:Leukocytes, Mononuclear / Q000378:metabolism; D064547:Myxovirus Resistance Proteins / Q000235:genetics*; D011247:Pregnancy
chemical_list: D000914:Antibodies, Viral; D016207:Cytokines; D064547:Myxovirus Resistance Proteins; D007372:Interferons
keywords: Borna disease virus; IFN-τ; Interferon-stimulated gene; pregnant