title: Risk prediction for oral potentially malignant disorders using fuzzy analysis of cytomorphological and autofluorescence alterations in habitual smokers.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  This study aims to develop a novel noninvasive method for early cancer trend diagnosis in habitual smokers by corroborating cytomorphological and autofluorescence alterations.
  
  
  METHODS
  A total of 120 subjects were included and categorized into nonsmoker, smoker and clinically diagnosed oral potentially malignant disorder (OPMD) patients. Oral exfoliative epithelial cells were studied through differential interference contrast and fluorescence microscopy. Fuzzy trend analysis was performed using measured parameters for determining the risk factors among smokers.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The risk assessment in this study showed a positive correlation of smoking duration with early cancer risk factors with a correlation co-efficient of 0.86.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Alterations in cellular morphology and autofluorescence intensities showed positive correlation with OPMD. The present study will benefit to investigate early prediction of OPMD among susceptible individuals.
authors.affiliation: Centre for Healthcare Science & Technology, Indian Institute of Engineering Science and Technology Shibpur, Howrah-711103, India.
authors.forename: Ripon
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Sarkar
authors.affiliation: Centre for Healthcare Science & Technology, Indian Institute of Engineering Science and Technology Shibpur, Howrah-711103, India.
authors.forename: Susmita
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Dey
authors.affiliation: Department of Oral Medicine & Oral Radiology, Guru Nanak Institute of Dental Science and Research, 157/F Nilgunj Road, Panihati, Kolkata-700114, West Bengal, India.
authors.forename: Mousumi
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Pal
authors.affiliation: Department of Oral Medicine & Oral Radiology, Guru Nanak Institute of Dental Science and Research, 157/F Nilgunj Road, Panihati, Kolkata-700114, West Bengal, India.
authors.forename: Ranjan Rashmi
authors.initials: RR
authors.lastname: Paul
authors.affiliation: School of Medical Science & Technology, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, Kharagpur-721302, West Bengal, India.
authors.forename: Jyotirmoy
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Chatterjee
authors.affiliation: Department of Electronics and Telecommunication Engineering, Indian Institute of Engineering Science & Technology Shibpur, Howrah-711103, India.
authors.forename: Chirasree
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: RoyChaudhuri
authors.affiliation: Centre for Healthcare Science & Technology, Indian Institute of Engineering Science and Technology Shibpur, Howrah-711103, India.
authors.forename: Ananya
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Barui
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D003561:Cytarabine; D055088:Early Detection of Cancer; D005260:Female; D017143:Fuzzy Logic; D006801:Humans; D007091:Image Processing, Computer-Assisted; D008297:Male; D008856:Microscopy, Fluorescence; D008875:Middle Aged; D009061:Mouth Mucosa / Q000473:pathology*; D009062:Mouth Neoplasms / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000209:etiology*; D011230:Precancerous Conditions / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000209:etiology; D018570:Risk Assessment; D012907:Smoking / Q000009:adverse effects*
chemical_list: D003561:Cytarabine
keywords: autofluorescence microscopy; cytomorphometric analysis; differential interference contrast; early diagnosis; fuzzy trend analysis; oral cancer