title: Dietary Protein Sources and Incidence of Breast Cancer: A Dose-Response Meta-Analysis of Prospective Studies.
abstract: Protein is important to the human body, and different sources of protein may have different effects on the risk of breast cancer. Thus, we conducted a meta-analysis to investigate the association between different dietary protein sources and breast cancer risk. PubMed and several databases were searched until December 2015. Relevant articles were retrieved according to specific searching criteria. Forty-six prospective studies were included. The summary relative risk (RR) for highest versus lowest intake was 1.07 (95% confidence interval (CI) 1.01-1.14,I² = 34.6%) for processed meat, 0.92 (95% CI 0.84-1.00,I² = 0%) for soy food, 0.93 (95% CI 0.85-1.00,I² = 40.1%) for skim milk, and 0.90 (95% CI 0.82-1.00,I² = 0%) for yogurt. Similar conclusions were obtained in dose-response association for each serving increase: total red meat (RR: 1.07; 95% CI 1.01-1.14,I² = 7.1%), fresh red meat (RR: 1.13; 95% CI 1.01-1.26,I² = 56.4%), processed meat (RR: 1.09; 95% CI 1.02-1.17,I² = 11.8%), soy food (RR: 0.91; 95% CI 0.84-1.00,I² = 0%), and skim milk (RR: 0.96; 95% CI 0.92-1.00,I² = 11.9%). There was a null association between poultry, fish, egg, nuts, total milk, and whole milk intake and breast cancer risk. Higher total red meat, fresh red meat, and processed meat intake may be risk factors for breast cancer, whereas higher soy food and skim milk intake may reduce the risk of breast cancer.
authors.affiliation: Oncology Center, Zhujiang Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510000, China. m15521144080@163.com.
authors.forename: Jing
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Wu
authors.affiliation: Oncology Center, Zhujiang Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510000, China. zengrongtannan@163.com.
authors.forename: Rong
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Zeng
authors.affiliation: Oncology Center, Zhujiang Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510000, China. fjhuangjunpeng@163.com.
authors.forename: Junpeng
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Huang
authors.affiliation: Oncology Center, Zhujiang Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510000, China. 15018731689@163.com.
authors.forename: Xufeng
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: Oncology Center, Zhujiang Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510000, China. drjirenzhang@163.com.
authors.forename: Jiren
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: Division of Respiratory Medicine, Department of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Queen Mary Hospital, Hong Kong, China. jhcom@hku.hk.
authors.forename: James Chung-Man
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: Ho
authors.affiliation: Oncology Center, Zhujiang Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510000, China. 18665000236@163.com.
authors.forename: Yanfang
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Zheng
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001943:Breast Neoplasms / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000517:prevention & control*; D000072001:Diet, Healthy; D004044:Dietary Proteins / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000009:adverse effects*; D015387:Egg Proteins, Dietary / Q000008:administration & dosage; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D015994:Incidence; D008461:Meat Products / Q000009:adverse effects; D008894:Milk Proteins / Q000008:administration & dosage; D016017:Odds Ratio; D014674:Plant Proteins, Dietary / Q000008:administration & dosage; D011200:Poultry; D011446:Prospective Studies; D065840:Protective Factors; D064167:Recommended Dietary Allowances; D000069466:Red Meat / Q000009:adverse effects; D018570:Risk Assessment; D012307:Risk Factors; D040242:Risk Reduction Behavior; D030262:Soybean Proteins / Q000008:administration & dosage
chemical_list: D004044:Dietary Proteins; D015387:Egg Proteins, Dietary; D008894:Milk Proteins; D014674:Plant Proteins, Dietary; D030262:Soybean Proteins
keywords: breast cancer; dietary protein sources; meta-analysis; prospective studies