title: [The co-payment of the dependence from the structural reform of 2012 in Spain].
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The objective of this piece of work is to establish the cost of dependency and the cost of financing it. Specifically, we will determine the cost of co-payment for individual users following the modification introduced by the 13th of July 2012 Resolution as well as its allocation by the autonomous regions.
  
  
  METHODS
  The degree and level of dependency was established using the Survey on Disability, Personal Autonomy and Dependency Situations, 2008. The cost of dependency according to degree and level and autonomous regions was established with information from the System for Personal Autonomy and Care of Dependent Persons. The co-payment was established according to applicants' purchasing power. The rating of these services, and the contribution of individual users were done in agreement with 2012 legislation and with common indicators and benchmarks for the whole national territory.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The total estimated cost is 10,598.8 million euros (1.03% of GDP), and Andalusia, the Valencian Community and Catalonia are those regions with the greatest costs. The average national co-payment per individual user is 53.54%, with differences due to degrees and levels of disability and autonomous regions, although, generally speaking, all of the users fund more than half of the care they receive.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This change in legislation has meant that co-payment is higher than the 33% established by this law and that co-payments prior to 2012 were about 20%. If we add to this the differences in autonomous regions, it would be useful to reflect on the uneven application of the law.
authors.affiliation: Facultad de Ciencias Sociales, Centro de Estudios Sociosanitarios, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, Cuenca, España.
authors.forename: Raúl
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Del Pozo-Rubio
authors.affiliation: Facultad de Ciencias Económicas y Empresariales, Centro de Estudios Sociosanitarios, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, Albacete, España. Electronic address: Isabel.Pardo@ulcm.es.
authors.forename: Isabel
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Pardo-García
authors.affiliation: Facultad de Ciencias Económicas y Empresariales, Centro de Estudios Sociosanitarios, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, Albacete, España.
authors.forename: Francisco
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Escribano-Sotos
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D005251:Fees, Medical; D005260:Female; D018166:Health Care Reform / Q000331:legislation & jurisprudence; D006801:Humans; D008134:Long-Term Care / Q000191:economics*; D008297:Male; D013030:Spain
keywords: Cuidados de larga duración; Economics; Economía; Factores socioeconómicos; Gasto en salud; Health expenditure; Long term care; Socioeconomic factors