title: Attachment and Temperament in the Early Life Course: A Meta-Analytic Review.
abstract: This meta-analytic review examines the association between early attachment (assessed at 1-5 years) and child temperament (assessed at birth-12 years), and compares the strength of this association with recently documented meta-analytic associations between early attachment and social competence, externalizing behavior, and internalizing symptoms. Based on 109 independent samples (N = 11,440) of diverse socioeconomic and ethnic backgrounds, temperament was weakly associated with attachment (in)security (d = .14, CI [0.08, 0.19]) but modestly associated with resistant attachment (d = .30, CI [0.21, 0.40]). Temperament was not significantly associated with avoidant (d = .10, CI [-0.02, 0.19]) or disorganized (d = .11, CI [-0.03, 0.25]) attachment. Across developmental domains, early attachment security was more strongly associated with social competence and externalizing behaviors than internalizing symptoms and temperament.
authors.affiliation: University of Missouri.
authors.forename: Ashley M
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Groh
authors.affiliation: University of California, San Francisco.
authors.forename: Angela J
authors.initials: AJ
authors.lastname: Narayan
authors.affiliation: Leiden University.
authors.forename: Marian J
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Bakermans-Kranenburg
authors.affiliation: University of Minnesota.
authors.forename: Glenn I
authors.initials: GI
authors.lastname: Roisman
authors.affiliation: Auburn University.
authors.forename: Brian E
authors.initials: BE
authors.lastname: Vaughn
authors.affiliation: University College London.
authors.forename: R M Pasco
authors.initials: RMP
authors.lastname: Fearon
authors.affiliation: Leiden University.
authors.forename: Marinus H
authors.initials: MH
authors.lastname: van IJzendoorn
mesh_terms: D002648:Child; D002652:Child Behavior / Q000502:physiology*; D002653:Child Behavior Disorders / Q000503:physiopathology*; D002675:Child, Preschool; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D009769:Object Attachment; D066107:Social Skills; D013694:Temperament / Q000502:physiology*