title: Effect of patchouli (Pogostemon cablin) essential oil on in vitro and in vivo leukocytes behavior in acute inflammatory response.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of Pogostemon cablin essential oil (PEO) on leukocyte behavior in the inflammatory response.
  
  
  RESULTS
  PEO was analyzed using Gas Chromatography/Mass Spectrometry (GC/SM) and Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy (NMR) methods and showed predominance of patchoulol (38.50%), α-bulnesene (20.37%), α-guaiene (12.31%), seychellene (8.33%) and α-patchoulene (4.91%). PEO at concentrations of 1, 3, 10, 30, 60 and 90μg/ml reduced the in vitro neutrophil chemotaxis toward fMLP, and at concentrations of 3 and 10μg/ml, increased the phagocytic activity of neutrophils. Topical application of PEO in high concentrations promoted an increase of ear edema and myeloperoxidase (MPO) activity. However, the oral treatment with 100, 200 and 300mg/kg reduced leukocyte recruitment, nitric oxide (NO) production, and rolling and adherent leukocyte number in the microcirculation.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  PEO affects the leukocyte behavior, and the mechanism proposed of PEO seems to be, at least in part, involving the participation of NO and pro-inflammatory cytokines.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, State University of Maringá, Maringá, PR, Brazil. Electronic address: saulo.esf@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Saulo Euclides
authors.initials: SE
authors.lastname: Silva-Filho
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, State University of Maringá, Maringá, PR, Brazil.
authors.forename: Luiz Alexandre Marques
authors.initials: LAM
authors.lastname: Wiirzler
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, State University of Maringá, Maringá, PR, Brazil.
authors.forename: Heitor Augusto Otaviano
authors.initials: HAO
authors.lastname: Cavalcante
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, State University of Maringá, Maringá, PR, Brazil.
authors.forename: Nancy Sayuri
authors.initials: NS
authors.lastname: Uchida
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, State University of Maringá, Maringá, PR, Brazil.
authors.forename: Francielli Maria
authors.initials: FM
authors.lastname: de Souza Silva-Comar
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, State University of Maringá, Maringá, PR, Brazil.
authors.forename: Gabriel Fernando Esteves
authors.initials: GFE
authors.lastname: Cardia
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry, State University of Maringá, Maringá, PR, Brazil.
authors.forename: Expedito Leite
authors.initials: EL
authors.lastname: da Silva
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, State University of Maringá, Maringá, PR, Brazil.
authors.forename: Rafael Pazinatto
authors.initials: RP
authors.lastname: Aguiar
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, State University of Maringá, Maringá, PR, Brazil.
authors.forename: Ciomar Aparecida
authors.initials: CA
authors.lastname: Bersani-Amado
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, State University of Maringá, Maringá, PR, Brazil.
authors.forename: Roberto Kenji Nakamura
authors.initials: RKN
authors.lastname: Cuman
mesh_terms: D000208:Acute Disease; D000287:Administration, Topical; D000818:Animals; D002448:Cell Adhesion / Q000187:drug effects; D002470:Cell Survival / Q000187:drug effects; D002633:Chemotaxis / Q000187:drug effects; D004487:Edema / Q000473:pathology; D005122:Exudates and Transudates; D008401:Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry; D007249:Inflammation / Q000473:pathology*; D007958:Leukocyte Count; D036904:Leukocyte Rolling / Q000187:drug effects; D007962:Leukocytes / Q000166:cytology* / Q000187:drug effects; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D009569:Nitric Oxide / Q000378:metabolism; D010538:Peritonitis / Q000473:pathology; D009195:Peroxidase / Q000378:metabolism; D010587:Phagocytosis / Q000187:drug effects; D000070177:Pogostemon; D012717:Sesquiterpenes / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology*; D015054:Zymosan
chemical_list: D012717:Sesquiterpenes; D009569:Nitric Oxide; D015054:Zymosan; D009195:Peroxidase; C052983:patchouli alcohol
keywords: Anti-inflammatory; Leukocytes; Natural products; Patchouli; Sesquiterpenes