title: Postoperative Cerebrospinal Fluid Leak Rates with Subfascial Epidural Drain Placement after Intentional Durotomy in Spine Surgery.
abstract: Study DesignRetrospective chart review.ObjectivePostoperative cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) leak is a known complication of intraoperative durotomy. Intraoperative placement of subfascial epidural drains following primary dural repair has been proposed as a potential management strategy to prevent formation of CSF cutaneous fistula and symptomatic pseudomeningocele. Here we describe our experience with subfascial drain after intentional durotomy.MethodsMedical records of patients who underwent placement of subfascial epidural drains during spinal procedures with intentional intraoperative durotomies over a 4-year period at two institutions were retrospectively reviewed. Primary outcomes of interest were postoperative CSF cutaneous fistula or symptomatic pseudomeningocele formation.ResultsTwenty-five patients were included. Mean length of follow-up was 9.5 months. Twelve patients (48%) underwent simultaneous arthrodesis. The average duration of the drain was 5.3 days with average daily output of 126.5 mL. Subgroup analyses revealed that average drain duration for the arthrodesis group was 6.33 days, which is significantly greater than that of the nonfused group, which was 3.7 days (p= 0.016). Similarly, the average daily drain output for the arthrodesis subgroup at 153.1 mL was significantly higher than that of the nonfused subgroup (86.8 mL,p= 0.04). No patient developed postoperative CSF cutaneous fistula or symptomatic pseudomeningocele or had negative sequelae associated with overdrainage of CSF. One patient had a delayed wound infection.ConclusionsThe intraoperative placement of subfascial epidural drains was not associated with postoperative development of CSF cutaneous fistula, symptomatic pseudomeningocele, overdrainage, or subdural hematoma in the cases reviewed. Subfascial closed wound drain placement is a safe and efficacious management method after intentional spinal durotomies. It is particularly helpful in those who undergo simultaneous arthrodesis, as those patients have statistically higher daily drain output and longer drain durations.
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurosurgery, University of California, Los Angeles, California, United States.
authors.forename: Tianyi
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Niu
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurosurgery, University of California, Los Angeles, California, United States.
authors.forename: Derek S
authors.initials: DS
authors.lastname: Lu
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurosurgery, University of California, Los Angeles, California, United States.
authors.forename: Andrew
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Yew
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurological Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, California, United States.
authors.forename: Darryl
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Lau
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurosurgery, University of California, Los Angeles, California, United States.
authors.forename: Haydn
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Hoffman
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurosurgery, University of California, Los Angeles, California, United States.
authors.forename: David
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: McArthur
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurological Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, California, United States.
authors.forename: Dean
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Chou
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurosurgery, University of California, Los Angeles, California, United States; Brain Research Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, California, United States.
authors.forename: Daniel C
authors.initials: DC
authors.lastname: Lu
keywords: CSF leak; arthrodesis; intentional durotomy; subfascial epidural drain