title: Endometritis Increases Pro-inflammatory Cytokines in Follicular Fluid and Cervico-vaginal Mucus in the Buffalo Cow.
abstract: Emerging evidence shows that some of the pro-inflammatory cytokines are elevated not only in the endometrium but also in the follicular fluid of cows with endometritis. Developing a cervico-vaginal mucus (CVM) based test has the potential for becoming a pen-side test because of the ease of sample collection. The present study describes the results of two different experiments. The first experiment was conducted to investigate the influence of endometritis on the proinflammatory cytokines of follicular fluid based on the reproductive tracts of buffalo collected at a slaughter house Buffalo genitalia were categorized into purulent endometritis (PE), cytological endometritis (CE), and non-endometritis (NE) based on the white-side test and endometrial cytology, respectively (n = 14/group). Each group was subdivided into follicular and mid-luteal stage (n = 7/stage) and the follicular fluid was collected from the largest follicle. Second experiment was done to study the difference in the levels of proinflammatory cytokines in the CVM of repeat breeders with subclinical endometritis presented to the clinic. CVM was collected from the repeaters (n = 10) and non-repeaters (n = 10) through aseptic trans-vaginal aspiration. The pro-inflammatory cytokines such as IL-1β, IL-6, IL-8, and TNFα were quantitated through bovine specific ELISA kits. Significantly higher concentrations of pro-inflammatory cytokines (IL-1β, IL-8, IL-6, and TNFα) along with low intra-follicular estradiol in buffaloes of PE and CE groups suggest that endometritis impedes the follicular steroidogenesis. Significantly higher concentration of IL-1β and TNF-α in the CVM of repeaters indicate their potential as a pen-side diagnostic test for CE.
authors.affiliation: a Veterinary Officer, Remount Veterinary Corps , Meerut , Uttar Pradesh , India.
authors.forename: Jones
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Boby
authors.affiliation: b Animal Reproduction , Indian Veterinary Research Institute , Izatnagar , Bareilly , India.
authors.forename: Harendra
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Kumar
authors.affiliation: c Animal Reproduction , Govind Ballabh Pant University of Agriculture and Technology , Pantnagar , India.
authors.forename: Harihar Prasad
authors.initials: HP
authors.lastname: Gupta
authors.affiliation: d Central Institute for Research on Buffalo , Hisar , India.
authors.forename: Mustapha Hussain
authors.initials: MH
authors.lastname: Jan
authors.affiliation: b Animal Reproduction , Indian Veterinary Research Institute , Izatnagar , Bareilly , India.
authors.forename: Sanjay Kumar
authors.initials: SK
authors.lastname: Singh
authors.affiliation: b Animal Reproduction , Indian Veterinary Research Institute , Izatnagar , Bareilly , India.
authors.forename: Manas Kumar
authors.initials: MK
authors.lastname: Patra
authors.affiliation: e IVRI, CADRAD, Izatnagar , Bareilly , India.
authors.forename: Sukdeb
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Nandi
authors.affiliation: f College of Veterinary and Animal Sciences Mannuthy , Mannuthy , India.
authors.forename: Asha
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Abraham
authors.affiliation: b Animal Reproduction , Indian Veterinary Research Institute , Izatnagar , Bareilly , India.
authors.forename: Narayanan
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Krishnaswamy
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002020:Buffaloes; D002417:Cattle; D002418:Cattle Diseases / Q000378:metabolism*; D002582:Cervix Mucus / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000378:metabolism; D016207:Cytokines / Q000032:analysis* / Q000378:metabolism; D004716:Endometritis / Q000378:metabolism / Q000662:veterinary; D004958:Estradiol / Q000032:analysis / Q000378:metabolism; D005260:Female; D015571:Follicular Fluid / Q000378:metabolism*; D011374:Progesterone / Q000032:analysis / Q000378:metabolism; D014621:Vagina / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D016207:Cytokines; D011374:Progesterone; D004958:Estradiol
keywords: Buffaloes; cervico-vaginal mucus; endometritis; follicular fluid; proinflammatory cytokine