title: An inflammatory biomarker-based nomogram to predict prognosis of patients with nasopharyngeal carcinoma: an analysis of a prospective study.
abstract: Chronic inflammation plays an important role in tumor progression. The aim of this analysis was to evaluate whether inflammatory biomarkers such as the Glasgow prognostic score (GPS), the neutrophil-lymphocyte ratio (NLR), the platelet-lymphocyte ratio (PLR), and the lymphocyte-monocyte ratio (LMR) could predict the prognosis of nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC). In this analysis, pretreatment GPS, NLR, PLR, LMR of 388 patients who were diagnosed as nonmetastatic NPC and recruited prospectively in the 863 Program No. 2006AA02Z4B4 were assessed. Of those, the 249 cases enrolled between December 27th 2006 and July 31st 2011 were defined as the development set. The rest 139 cases enrolled between August 1st 2011 and July 31st 2013 were defined as the validation set. The variables above were analyzed in the development set, together with age, gender, Karnofsky performance score, T stage, and N stage, with respect to their impact on the disease-specific survival (DSS) through a univariate analysis. The candidate prognostic factors then underwent a multivariate analysis. A nomogram was established to predict the DSS, by involving the independent prognostic factors. Its predction capacity was evaluated through calculating Harrell's concordance index (C-index) in the validation set. After multivariate analysis for the development set, age (≤50 vs. >50 years old), T stage (T1-2 vs. T3-4), N stage (N0-1 vs. N2-3) and pretreatment GPS (0 vs. 1-2), NLR (≤2.5 vs. >2.5), LMR (≤2.35 vs. >2.35) were independent prognostic factors of DSS (P values were 0.002, 0.008, <0.001, 0.004, 0.018, and 0.004, respectively). A nomogram was established by involving all the factors above. Its C-index for predicting the DSS of the validation set was 0.734 (standard error 0.056). Pretreatment GPS, NLR, and LMR were independent prognostic factors of NPC. The nomogram based on them could be used to predict the DSS of NPC patients.
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiation Oncology, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center of Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.|Department of Oncology, The 421 Hospital of Chinese People's Liberation Army, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.
authors.forename: Xiao-Hui
authors.initials: XH
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiation Oncology, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center of Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.
authors.forename: Hui
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Chang
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiation Oncology, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center of Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.
authors.forename: Bing-Qing
authors.initials: BQ
authors.lastname: Xu
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiation Oncology, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center of Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.
authors.forename: Ya-Lan
authors.initials: YL
authors.lastname: Tao
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiation Oncology, Anhui Province Hospital Affiliated to Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China.
authors.forename: Jin
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Gao
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiation Oncology, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center of Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.
authors.forename: Chen
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiation Oncology, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center of Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.
authors.forename: Chen
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Qu
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiation Oncology, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center of Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.
authors.forename: Shu
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Zhou
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiation Oncology, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center of Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.
authors.forename: Song-Ran
authors.initials: SR
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiation Oncology, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center of Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.
authors.forename: Xiao-Hui
authors.initials: XH
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiation Oncology, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center of Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.
authors.forename: Wen-Wen
authors.initials: WW
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiation Oncology, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center of Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.
authors.forename: Xin
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.affiliation: Department of Oncology, The 421 Hospital of Chinese People's Liberation Army, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.
authors.forename: Si-Lang
authors.initials: SL
authors.lastname: Zhou
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiation Oncology, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center of Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.
authors.forename: Yun-Fei
authors.initials: YF
authors.lastname: Xia
mesh_terms: D001772:Blood Cell Count; D002277:Carcinoma / Q000276:immunology* / Q000473:pathology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D018655:Lymphocyte Count; D008297:Male; D009000:Monocytes / Q000166:cytology*; D000077274:Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma; D009303:Nasopharyngeal Neoplasms / Q000276:immunology* / Q000473:pathology*; D060787:Neoplasm Grading; D009367:Neoplasm Staging; D009504:Neutrophils / Q000166:cytology*; D049451:Nomograms; D010976:Platelet Count; D011379:Prognosis; D011446:Prospective Studies
keywords: Disease-specific survival; inflammatory biomarkers; nasopharyngeal carcinoma; nomogram; prediction