title: Carotid and aortic stiffness in essential hypertension and their relation with target organ damage: the CATOD study.
abstract: The objective of the study is to investigate in the hypertensive population the possible differential association between increased aortic and/or carotid stiffness and organ damage in multiple districts, such as the kidney, the vessels, and the heart.
  
  
  
  In 314 essential hypertensive patients, carotid-femoral pulse wave velocity (cfPWV, by applanation tonometry) and carotid stiffness (from ultrasound images analysis), together with left ventricular hypertrophy, carotid intima-media thickness, urinary albumin-creatinin ratio, and glomerular filtration rate were measured. Increased cfPWV and carotid stiffness were defined according to either international reference values or the 90th percentile of a local control group (110 age and sex-matched healthy individuals).
  
  
  
  When considering the 90th percentile of a local control group, increased cfPWV was associated with reduced glomerular filtration rate, either when carotid stiffness was increased [odds ratio (OR) 13.27 (confidence limits (CL) 95% 3.86-45.58)] or not [OR 7.39 (CL95% 2.25-24.28)], whereas increased carotid stiffness was associated with left ventricular hypertrophy, either when cfPWV was increased [OR 2.86 (CL95% 1.15-7.09)] or not [OR 2.81 (CL95% 1.13-6.97)]. No association between increased cfPWV or carotid stiffness and target organ damage was found when cutoffs obtained by international reference values were used. The concomitance of both increased cfPWV and carotid stiffness did not have an additive effect on organ damage.
  
  
  
  Aortic and carotid stiffness are differentially associated with target organ damage in hypertensive patients. Regional arterial stiffness as assessed by cfPWV is associated with renal organ damage and local carotid stiffness with cardiac organ damage.
authors.affiliation: aDepartment of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa bInstitute of Clinical Physiology - CNR, Pisa, Italy cIcahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York City, New York, USA.
authors.forename: Rosa Maria
authors.initials: RM
authors.lastname: Bruno
authors.forename: Giulia
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Cartoni
authors.forename: Francesco
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Stea
authors.forename: Sabina
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Armenia
authors.forename: Elisabetta
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Bianchini
authors.forename: Simona
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Buralli
authors.forename: Chiara
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Giannarelli
authors.forename: Stefano
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Taddei
authors.forename: Lorenzo
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Ghiadoni
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000419:Albuminuria / Q000503:physiopathology; D001011:Aorta / Q000503:physiopathology*; D001794:Blood Pressure; D002339:Carotid Arteries / Q000503:physiopathology*; D059168:Carotid Intima-Media Thickness; D003331:Coronary Vessels / Q000503:physiopathology; D003404:Creatinine / Q000652:urine; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D000075222:Essential Hypertension; D005260:Female; D005919:Glomerular Filtration Rate; D006321:Heart / Q000503:physiopathology; D006801:Humans; D006973:Hypertension / Q000503:physiopathology*; D017379:Hypertrophy, Left Ventricular / Q000503:physiopathology; D007668:Kidney / Q000503:physiopathology; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D016017:Odds Ratio; D063177:Pulse Wave Analysis; D059289:Vascular Stiffness
chemical_list: D003404:Creatinine