title: Influence of Four Different Abutment Materials and the Adhesive Joint of Two-Piece Abutments on Cervical Implant Bone and Soft Tissue.
abstract: The main aim of this study was to evaluate the influence of four different abutment materials and the adhesive joint of two-piece abutments on the cervical implant bone and soft tissue.
  
  
  
  Sixty-four titanium implants (Camlog Conelog; 4.3 ± 9 mm) were placed bone level into the edentulous arches of four minipigs. Four different types of abutments were placed at implant exposure: zirconium dioxide, lithium disilicate, and titanium bonded to a titanium luting base with resin cement; one-piece titanium abutments served as the control. The animals were sacrificed 6 months after implant exposure, and the bone-to-implant contact (BIC) area, sulcus depth, the length of the junctional epithelium and the connective tissue, the biologic width, and first cervical BIC-implant shoulder distance were measured using histomorphometry and light and fluorescence microscopy.
  
  
  
  Overall, 14 implants were lost (22%). At exposure, the implant shoulder-bone distance was 0.6 ± 0.7 mm. Six months later, the bone loss was 2.1 ± 1.2 mm measured histomorphometrically. There was a significant difference between the two measurements (P ≤ .0001). No significant influence could be found between any of the abutment materials with regard to bone loss or soft tissue anatomy (P > .05), with the exception of zirconium dioxide and onepiece titanium abutments when measuring the length of the junctional epithelium (P ≤ .01). The maxilla provided significantly more soft tissue and less bone loss compared with the mandible (P ≤ .02).
  
  
  
  All tested abutment materials and techniques seem to be comparable with regard to soft tissue properties and the cervical bone level.
authors.forename: Christian
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Mehl
authors.forename: Volker
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Gassling
authors.forename: Stephan
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Schultz-Langerhans
authors.forename: Yahya
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Açil
authors.forename: Telse
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Bähr
authors.forename: Jörg
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Wiltfang
authors.forename: Matthias
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kern
mesh_terms: D000269:Adhesives; D016301:Alveolar Bone Loss / Q000473:pathology*; D000539:Alveolar Process / Q000473:pathology; D000704:Analysis of Variance; D000818:Animals; D000044:Dental Abutments; D003758:Dental Implantation, Endosseous / Q000379:methods*; D015921:Dental Implants; D003776:Dental Porcelain; D017267:Dental Prosthesis Design; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D004846:Epithelial Attachment / Q000473:pathology*; D007576:Jaw, Edentulous, Partially / Q000601:surgery*; D008334:Mandible / Q000601:surgery; D008437:Maxilla / Q000601:surgery; D013552:Swine; D013556:Swine, Miniature; D014025:Titanium; D015040:Zirconium
chemical_list: D000269:Adhesives; D015921:Dental Implants; C493120:lithia disilicate; D003776:Dental Porcelain; D015040:Zirconium; D014025:Titanium; C028541:zirconium oxide