title: 3D Lifetime Tomography Reveals How CdCl2Improves Recombination Throughout CdTe Solar Cells.
abstract: Using two-photon tomography, carrier lifetimes are mapped in polycrystalline CdTe photovoltaic devices. These 3D maps probe subsurface carrier dynamics that are inaccessible with traditional optical techniques. They reveal that CdCl2treatment of CdTe solar cells suppresses nonradiative recombination and enhances carrier lifetimes throughout the film with substantial improvements particularly near subsurface grain boundaries and the critical buried p-n junction.
authors.affiliation: Molecular Foundry, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA.|PLANT PV, Inc, Alameda, CA, 94501, USA.
authors.forename: Edward S
authors.initials: ES
authors.lastname: Barnard
authors.affiliation: PLANT PV, Inc, Alameda, CA, 94501, USA.
authors.forename: Benedikt
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Ursprung
authors.affiliation: National Renewable Energy Laboratory, Golden, CO, 80401, USA.
authors.forename: Eric
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Colegrove
authors.affiliation: National Renewable Energy Laboratory, Golden, CO, 80401, USA.
authors.forename: Helio R
authors.initials: HR
authors.lastname: Moutinho
authors.affiliation: Molecular Foundry, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA.
authors.forename: Nicholas J
authors.initials: NJ
authors.lastname: Borys
authors.affiliation: PLANT PV, Inc, Alameda, CA, 94501, USA.
authors.forename: Brian E
authors.initials: BE
authors.lastname: Hardin
authors.affiliation: PLANT PV, Inc, Alameda, CA, 94501, USA.
authors.forename: Craig H
authors.initials: CH
authors.lastname: Peters
authors.affiliation: National Renewable Energy Laboratory, Golden, CO, 80401, USA.
authors.forename: Wyatt K
authors.initials: WK
authors.lastname: Metzger
authors.affiliation: Molecular Foundry, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA.
authors.forename: P James
authors.initials: PJ
authors.lastname: Schuck
keywords: CdCl2; CdTe; photovoltaics; tomography; two-photon