title: Metabolic profile alterations in the postmortem brains of patients with schizophrenia using capillary electrophoresis-mass spectrometry.
abstract: We aimed to find the alterations in the profiles of low-molecular-weight metabolites in the brains of schizophrenia patients that may reflect the pathophysiology of the disorder.
  
  
  
  Human postmortem brain tissues from the frontal cortex (15 schizophrenia patients and 15 controls) and the hippocampus (14 schizophrenia patients and 15 controls) were obtained from the Stanley Foundation Neuropathology Consortium. We analyzed ~300 metabolites, using capillary electrophoresis with time-of-flight mass spectrometry.
  
  
  
  In the frontal cortex, the mean levels of 29 metabolites were significantly different between the schizophrenia and control groups. In the hippocampus, only a dipeptide, glycylglycine was significantly (p≤0.001, nominal p-value) increased in schizophrenia. Glycylglycine was also significantly (p=0.007) increased in the frontal cortex of schizophrenia. The pathway analyses revealed that several metabolic pathways including KEGG "Central carbon metabolism in cancer" and "Protein digestion and absorption" were commonly affected in the frontal cortex and the hippocampus of schizophrenia patients.
  
  
  
  These findings point out alterations in glucose metabolism and proteolysis in the brains of schizophrenia.
authors.affiliation: Department of Mental Disorder Research, National Institute of Neuroscience, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, 4-1-1, Ogawahigashi, Kodaira, Tokyo, 187-8502, Japan.
authors.forename: Takashi
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Fujii
authors.affiliation: Department of Mental Disorder Research, National Institute of Neuroscience, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, 4-1-1, Ogawahigashi, Kodaira, Tokyo, 187-8502, Japan.
authors.forename: Kotaro
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Hattori
authors.affiliation: Department of Mental Disorder Research, National Institute of Neuroscience, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, 4-1-1, Ogawahigashi, Kodaira, Tokyo, 187-8502, Japan.
authors.forename: Tomoko
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Miyakawa
authors.affiliation: Human Metabolome Technologies, Inc., Tsuruoka, Yamagata, 997-0052, Japan.
authors.forename: Yoshiaki
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Ohashi
authors.affiliation: Human Metabolome Technologies, Inc., Tsuruoka, Yamagata, 997-0052, Japan.
authors.forename: Hajime
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Sato
authors.affiliation: Department of Mental Disorder Research, National Institute of Neuroscience, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, 4-1-1, Ogawahigashi, Kodaira, Tokyo, 187-8502, Japan. Electronic address: hkunugi@ncnp.go.jp.
authors.forename: Hiroshi
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Kunugi
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000704:Analysis of Variance; D001921:Brain / Q000378:metabolism*; D019075:Electrophoresis, Capillary; D005260:Female; D006033:Glycylglycine / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D019344:Lactic Acid / Q000378:metabolism; D008297:Male; D013058:Mass Spectrometry; D055442:Metabolome / Q000502:physiology*; D008875:Middle Aged; D011180:Postmortem Changes; D011733:Pyridoxamine / Q000378:metabolism; D012559:Schizophrenia / Q000473:pathology* / Q000503:physiopathology*; D013223:Statistics as Topic
chemical_list: D006033:Glycylglycine; D019344:Lactic Acid; D011733:Pyridoxamine
keywords: Cortex; Hippocampus; Metabolome; Schizophrenia