title: Essential oil composition, total phenolic, flavonoid contents, and antioxidant activity of Thymus species collected from different regions of Iran.
abstract: In this study, the essential oil (EO) composition, flavonoid and phenolic contents, and antioxidant activities of fourteen Thymus accessions belonging to ten species were evaluated. Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) analysis revealed the presence of 38 compounds with the major constituents including thymol (12.4-79.74%), carvacrol (4.37-42.14%), geraniol (0.3-22.44%), and p-cymene (0.8-12.86%). Cluster analysis identified three groups of high thymol, geraniol/linalool, and high carvacrol. The highest phenolic and flavonoid contents were detected in T. daenensis-1 (70.6mg tannic acid equivalents (TAE) g-1DW) and T. vulgaris (8.55mg quercetin equivalents (QE) g-1DW), respectively. The antioxidant activities of the samples were determined using 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and reducing power assay. The results demonstrated that T. daenensis-3 (IC50=273.36), T. vulgaris (IC50=289.3), and T. fedtschenkoi-3 (IC50=339.22) possessed higher antioxidant activities than the others. Finally, the Thymus species with high bioactive compounds may be recommended for further food applications.
authors.affiliation: Department of Agronomy and Plant Breeding, College of Agriculture, Isfahan University of Technology, Isfahan 84156 83111, Iran.
authors.forename: Behnaz
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Tohidi
authors.affiliation: Department of Agronomy and Plant Breeding, College of Agriculture, Isfahan University of Technology, Isfahan 84156 83111, Iran. Electronic address: mrahimmalek@cc.iut.ac.ir.
authors.forename: Mehdi
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Rahimmalek
authors.affiliation: Department of Agronomy and Plant Breeding, College of Agriculture, Isfahan University of Technology, Isfahan 84156 83111, Iran.
authors.forename: Ahmad
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Arzani
mesh_terms: D000080462:Acyclic Monoterpenes; D000975:Antioxidants / Q000032:analysis*; D016000:Cluster Analysis; D000081007:Cymenes; D005419:Flavonoids / Q000032:analysis*; D008401:Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry; D007492:Iran; D016014:Linear Models; D039821:Monoterpenes / Q000032:analysis; D009822:Oils, Volatile / Q000737:chemistry*; D010636:Phenols / Q000032:analysis*; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000032:analysis; D025341:Principal Component Analysis; D013634:Tannins / Q000032:analysis; D013729:Terpenes / Q000032:analysis; D013943:Thymol / Q000032:analysis; D046930:Thymus Plant / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000145:classification
chemical_list: D000080462:Acyclic Monoterpenes; D000975:Antioxidants; D000081007:Cymenes; D005419:Flavonoids; D039821:Monoterpenes; D009822:Oils, Volatile; D010636:Phenols; D010936:Plant Extracts; D013634:Tannins; D013729:Terpenes; C007210:4-cymene; D013943:Thymol; C073316:carvacrol; C018584:linalool; C007836:geraniol
keywords: Antioxidant activity; DPPH; Essential oil; Reducing power; Thyme