title: Protective Effect of Crocodile Hemoglobin and Whole Blood Against Hydrogen Peroxide-Induced Oxidative Damage in Human Lung Fibroblasts (MRC-5) and Inflammation in Mice.
abstract: A putative protective effect of cHb and cWb against H2O2-induced oxidative damage was evaluated in detail using MRC-5 cells. In addition, the carrageenan (Carr)-induced mouse paw edema model and the cotton pellet-induced granuloma model were employed to examine the in vivo anti-inflammatory activity of cHb and cWb in mice. It was demonstrated that both cHb and cWb treatments significantly increased cell viability and inhibited morphology alterations in MRC-5 cells exposed to H2O2. Orally administered cHb and cWb significantly reduced Carr-induced paw edema volume and cotton pellet-induced granuloma formation. Moreover, cHb and cWb decreased the expression levels of important pro-inflammatory cytokines (IL-6, IL-1β, and TNF-α), while only cWb was found to increase the expression of the anti-inflammatory cytokine IL-10 significantly. Finally, the activity of antioxidant enzymes (SOD, CAT, and GPx) in the liver improved after cHb and cWb treatment under acute and chronic inflammation. Taken collectively, the results of this study suggest that both cHb and cWb protect against hydrogen peroxide-induced damage in fibroblast cells. Moreover, cHb and cWb were found to exhibit anti-inflammatory activity in both the acute and chronic stages of inflammation and appear to enhance antioxidant enzyme activity and decrease lipid peroxidation in the livers of mice. Therefore, this study indicates that cHb and cWb have great potential to be used in the development of dietary supplements for the prevention of oxidative stress related to inflammatory disorders.
authors.affiliation: Protein and Proteomics Research Center for Commercial and Industrial Purposes (ProCCI), Faculty of Science, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, 40002, Thailand.|Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, 40002, Thailand.
authors.forename: Santi
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Phosri
authors.affiliation: Protein and Proteomics Research Center for Commercial and Industrial Purposes (ProCCI), Faculty of Science, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, 40002, Thailand.|Office of the Dean, Faculty of Science, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, 40002, Thailand.
authors.forename: Nisachon
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Jangpromma
authors.affiliation: Protein and Proteomics Research Center for Commercial and Industrial Purposes (ProCCI), Faculty of Science, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, 40002, Thailand.|Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, 40002, Thailand.
authors.forename: Rina
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Patramanon
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, 40002, Thailand.
authors.forename: Bunkerd
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Kongyingyoes
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacognosy and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, 40002, Thailand.
authors.forename: Pramote
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Mahakunakorn
authors.affiliation: Protein and Proteomics Research Center for Commercial and Industrial Purposes (ProCCI), Faculty of Science, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, 40002, Thailand. somkly@kku.ac.th.|Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, 40002, Thailand. somkly@kku.ac.th.
authors.forename: Sompong
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Klaynongsruang
mesh_terms: D000489:Alligators and Crocodiles / Q000097:blood*; D000818:Animals; D000893:Anti-Inflammatory Agents / Q000494:pharmacology; D000975:Antioxidants / Q000494:pharmacology; D016207:Cytokines / Q000187:drug effects; D004487:Edema / Q000188:drug therapy; D005347:Fibroblasts / Q000473:pathology*; D006454:Hemoglobins / Q000494:pharmacology* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D006801:Humans; D006861:Hydrogen Peroxide / Q000494:pharmacology; D007249:Inflammation / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000201:enzymology / Q000378:metabolism; D008168:Lung / Q000473:pathology*; D051379:Mice; D018384:Oxidative Stress / Q000187:drug effects*; D010088:Oxidoreductases / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D000893:Anti-Inflammatory Agents; D000975:Antioxidants; D016207:Cytokines; D006454:Hemoglobins; D006861:Hydrogen Peroxide; D010088:Oxidoreductases
keywords: animal models; anti-inflammatory; antioxidant; crocodile; cytokines