title: Water-soluble egg membrane enhances the immunoactivating properties of anAloe vera-based extract ofNerium oleanderleaves.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate a blend of two natural ingredients on immune parameters relevant for their current topical use and potential support of microcirculation in skin tissue.
  
  
  METHODS
  A blend (BL) ofAloe vera-basedNerium oleanderextract (NAE-8i, oleandrin-free) and hydrolyzed water-soluble egg membrane (WSEM) was applied to human whole-blood cultures for 24 hours, with each separate ingredient serving as a control. Immune-cell subsets were analyzed for expression levels of the activation markers CD69 and CD25. Culture supernatants were analyzed for cytokines, chemokines, and immunoregulating peptides.
  
  
  RESULTS
  BL increased CD69 expression on lymphocytes, monocytes, and CD3-CD56+natural killer cells, and CD25 expression on natural killer cells. The number of CD69+CD25+lymphocytes increased in cultures treated with BL and the separate ingredients. BL triggered production of multiple cytokines and chemokines, where CC chemokines MIP1α and MIP3α, as well as cytokines involved in wound healing - Groα, Groβ, ENA78, and fractalkine - reached levels manyfold above treatment with either NAE-8i or WSEM alone.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Data on BL showed that WSEM strongly enhanced NAE-8i's effects on immunoactivation in vitro. This has potential relevance for support of immunity in skin tissue, including antibacterial and antiviral defense mechanisms, wrinkle reduction, and wound care.
authors.affiliation: NIS Labs, Klamath Falls, OR.
authors.forename: Kathleen F
authors.initials: KF
authors.lastname: Benson
authors.affiliation: Department of Experimental Therapeutics, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston; Nerium Biotechnology Inc, San Antonio, TX, USA.
authors.forename: Robert A
authors.initials: RA
authors.lastname: Newman
authors.affiliation: NIS Labs, Klamath Falls, OR.
authors.forename: Gitte S
authors.initials: GS
authors.lastname: Jensen
keywords: chemokines; cytokines; leukocyte activation