title: The effect of nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor/antioxidant response element signalling pathway in the lanthanum chloride-induced impairment of learning and memory in rats.
abstract: Lanthanum exerts adverse effects on the central nervous system. However, the mechanism underlying these adverse effects has not been clarified. It is known that oxidative stress plays an important role in neurological injuries induced by harmful factors. Nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor (Nrf2) is very important in the response to oxidative stress in tissues and cells. The purpose of this study was to explore the effect of lanthanum chloride (LaCl3) on the spatial learning and memory of rats and to determine whether the Nrf2/antioxidant response element pathway acts in the hippocampus. Four groups of Wistar rats were exposed to 0 mM, 9 mM, 18 mM or 36 mM LaCl3through their drinking water from the day of birth to 2 months after weaning. The results showed that LaCl3impaired the spatial learning and memory of the rats, damaged the neuronal ultrastructure, increased reactive oxygen species levels and significantly down-regulated Nrf2 as well as the mRNA and protein expression of Nrf2-regulated genes, including NADP(H): dehydrogenase quinone 1, haeme oxygenase-1, superoxide dismutase 2, glutathione peroxidase 1, glutathione-S-transferase, γ-glutamine cysteine synthase and glutathione reductase, in the hippocampus. This study suggests that LaCl3can impair the spatial learning and memory of rats, possibly by perturbing the Nrf2/antioxidant response element signalling pathway.
authors.affiliation: Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China.
authors.forename: Lijin
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China.
authors.forename: Jinghua
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.affiliation: Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China.
authors.forename: Cuihong
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Jin
authors.affiliation: Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China.
authors.forename: Shengwen
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Wu
authors.affiliation: Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China.
authors.forename: Xiaobo
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Lu
authors.affiliation: Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China.
authors.forename: Xiaoyu
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Hu
authors.affiliation: Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China.
authors.forename: Yaling
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Sun
authors.affiliation: Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China.
authors.forename: Yuan
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Cai
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D061745:Antioxidant Response Elements / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology*; D001921:Brain / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D005260:Female; D007811:Lanthanum / Q000633:toxicity*; D008297:Male; D018782:Maze Learning / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology*; D008569:Memory Disorders / Q000139:chemically induced* / Q000378:metabolism*; D051267:NF-E2-Related Factor 2 / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000378:metabolism*; D011897:Random Allocation; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D015398:Signal Transduction / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology
chemical_list: D051267:NF-E2-Related Factor 2; C495637:Nfe2l2 protein, rat; C028521:lanthanum chloride; D007811:Lanthanum
keywords: Hippocampus; Lanthanum; Learning and memory; Nrf2; Oxidative stress; ROS