title: Coexisting cancers: a mixture of neuroendocrine carcinoma and adenocarcinoma in the gallbladder: A case report.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Neuroendocrine carcinoma is rare with a proportion of less than 2% in gallbladder malignancies, cases of gallbladder neuroendocrine cell carcinoma coexisting with adenocarcinoma are exceptionally rare, and the prognosis is dismal.
  
  
  METHODS
  Herein, we presented an unusual case of poorly differentiated gallbladder neuroendocrine cell carcinoma coexisting with poorly differentiated adenocarcinoma who survived 20 months after the multimodal treatment (MT) of extended surgery and postoperative chemotherapy.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Our result indicated that for advanced gallbladder neuroendocrine cell carcinoma coexisting with adenocarcinoma, MT including extended surgical approach combined with postoperative chemotherapy may contribute to a relatively good survival outcome.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  MT may contribute to a relatively good survival outcome for advanced gallbladder neuroendocrine cell carcinoma coexisting with gallbladder adenocarcinoma.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biliary Surgery Department of Pathology, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, China.
authors.forename: Hai-Jie
authors.initials: HJ
authors.lastname: Hu
authors.forename: Rong-Xing
authors.initials: RX
authors.lastname: Zhou
authors.forename: Yong-Qiong
authors.initials: YQ
authors.lastname: Tan
authors.forename: Qiu-Yang
authors.initials: QY
authors.lastname: Jing
authors.forename: Wen-Jie
authors.initials: WJ
authors.lastname: Ma
authors.forename: Qin
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.forename: Jun-Ke
authors.initials: JK
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Shu-Jin
authors.initials: SJ
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Nan-Sheng
authors.initials: NS
authors.lastname: Cheng
authors.forename: Fu-Yu
authors.initials: FY
authors.lastname: Li
mesh_terms: D000230:Adenocarcinoma / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery; D000328:Adult; D018278:Carcinoma, Neuroendocrine / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery; D005260:Female; D005706:Gallbladder Neoplasms / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery; D006801:Humans; D009378:Neoplasms, Multiple Primary / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery