title: Particulate Matter 2.5 Exposure and Self-Reported Use of Wood Stoves and Other Indoor Combustion Sources in Urban Nonsmoking Homes in Norway.
abstract: Few studies have examined particulate matter (PM) exposure from self-reported use of wood stoves and other indoor combustion sources in urban settings in developed countries. We measured concentrations of indoor PM < 2.5 microns (PM2.5) for one week with the MicroPEM™ nephelometer in 36 households in the greater Oslo, Norway metropolitan area. We examined indoor PM2.5 levels in relation to use of wood stoves and other combustion sources during a 7 day monitoring period using mixed effects linear models with adjustment for ambient PM2.5 levels. Mean hourly indoor PM2.5 concentrations were higher (p = 0.04) for the 14 homes with wood stove use (15.6 μg/m3) than for the 22 homes without (12.6 μg/m3). Moreover, mean hourly PM2.5 was higher (p = 0.001) for use of wood stoves made before 1997 (6 homes, 20.2 μg/m3), when wood stove emission limits were instituted in Norway, compared to newer wood stoves (8 homes, 11.9 μg/m3) which had mean hourly values similar to control homes. Increased PM2.5 levels during diary-reported burning of candles was detected independently of concomitant wood stove use. These results suggest that self-reported use of wood stoves, particularly older stoves, and other combustion sources, such as candles, are associated with indoor PM2.5 measurements in an urban population from a high income country.
authors.affiliation: Division of Intramural Research, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institutes of Health, U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, United States of America.
authors.forename: Annah B
authors.initials: AB
authors.lastname: Wyss
authors.affiliation: Social & Scientific Systems, Inc., Durham, North Carolina, United States of America.
authors.forename: Anna Ciesielski
authors.initials: AC
authors.lastname: Jones
authors.affiliation: Department of Air Pollution and Noise, Domain for Infection Control and Environmental Health, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway.
authors.forename: Anette K
authors.initials: AK
authors.lastname: Bølling
authors.affiliation: Division of Intramural Research, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institutes of Health, U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, United States of America.
authors.forename: Grace E
authors.initials: GE
authors.lastname: Kissling
authors.affiliation: Research Triangle Institute International, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, United States of America.
authors.forename: Ryan
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Chartier
authors.affiliation: Department of Air Pollution and Noise, Domain for Infection Control and Environmental Health, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway.
authors.forename: Hans Jørgen
authors.initials: HJ
authors.lastname: Dahlman
authors.affiliation: Research Triangle Institute International, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, United States of America.
authors.forename: Charles E
authors.initials: CE
authors.lastname: Rodes
authors.affiliation: Social & Scientific Systems, Inc., Durham, North Carolina, United States of America.
authors.forename: Janet
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Archer
authors.affiliation: Research Triangle Institute International, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, United States of America.
authors.forename: Jonathan
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Thornburg
authors.affiliation: Department of Air Pollution and Noise, Domain for Infection Control and Environmental Health, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway.
authors.forename: Per E
authors.initials: PE
authors.lastname: Schwarze
authors.affiliation: Division of Intramural Research, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institutes of Health, U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, United States of America.
authors.forename: Stephanie J
authors.initials: SJ
authors.lastname: London
mesh_terms: D016902:Air Pollution, Indoor / Q000032:analysis*; D002947:Cities; D003296:Cooking; D004781:Environmental Exposure / Q000032:analysis*; D006801:Humans; D016014:Linear Models; D009664:Norway; D052638:Particulate Matter / Q000032:analysis*; D057566:Self Report; D012906:Smoke; D013997:Time Factors
chemical_list: D052638:Particulate Matter; D012906:Smoke