title: Actinidia arguta supplementation protects aorta and liver in rats with induced hypercholesterolemia.
abstract: There are no published results focusing on the study of hardy kiwifruit as a supplementation to the atherogenic diet. We hypothesized that hardy kiwifruit (Actinidia arguta (A. arguta)) from Poland possess better pro-healthy action than two Asian varieties (Hayward and Bidan). We tested this hypothesis by measuring the metabolic reactions of rats loaded with 1% cholesterol and supplemented with 5% of hardy kiwifruit (A. arguta), Hayward, or Bidan in their diets. The experiment was performed on 71 male Wistar rats. Cholesterol showed a significant impact on the rise of liver somatic index, while lipid profile improved by decreasing the levels of TC, LDL-C, TC/HDL-C, AI, TG, and increasing HDL-C in the serum of rats (P<.05). Total plasma antioxidant capacity determined by ABTS, FRAP, and DPPH assays was increased. ALP in rat serum was higher in groups receiving cholesterol diets and kiwifruit. A decrease in fibrinogen as well as prolonged prothrombin time and a reduction of the MPO in serum were estimated. The smallest percentage of lesions in the aortic arch was in the ChGeneva, ChWeiki, and ChAnna. Similarly, the smallest fatty liver disease was recorded in the ChGeneva and ChAnna groups. The distribution of lipids in the liver from these groups had a character of "mosaic," in hardy/mini kiwifruit (Jumbo), Hayward, and Bidan was distributed uniformly. The longest villi were in ChWeiki, and significantly lower in ChHayward and ChBidan. The present results support our hypothesis that A. arguta showed better pro-health impacts in rats loaded with cholesterol than Hayward and Bidan kiwifruit, and, for the first time, the positive nutritional effects of supplemented A. arguta for hypercholesterolemia are noted.
authors.affiliation: Department of Physiological Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Warsaw University of Life Sciences (SGGW), Warsaw, Poland. Electronic address: maria_leontowicz@sggw.pl.
authors.forename: Maria
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Leontowicz
authors.affiliation: Department of Physiological Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Warsaw University of Life Sciences (SGGW), Warsaw, Poland.
authors.forename: Hanna
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Leontowicz
authors.affiliation: Department of Biology of Animal Environment, Faculty of Animal Sciences, Warsaw University of Life Sciences (SGGW), Warsaw, Poland.
authors.forename: Iwona
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Jesion
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathology and Veterinary Diagnostics, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Warsaw University of Life Sciences (SGGW), Warsaw, Poland.
authors.forename: Wojciech
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Bielecki
authors.affiliation: Department of Functional Food and Commodities, Faculty of Human Nutrition and Consumption, Warsaw University of Life Sciences (SGGW), Warsaw, Poland.
authors.forename: Katarzyna
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Najman
authors.affiliation: Department of Environmental Protection, Faculty of Horticulture, Biotechnology, and Landscape Architecture (SGGW), Warsaw, Poland.
authors.forename: Piotr
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Latocha
authors.affiliation: Department of Horticultural Science, Mokpo National University, Muan, Jeonnam, South Korea.
authors.forename: Yong-Seo
authors.initials: YS
authors.lastname: Park
authors.affiliation: The Institute for Drug Research, School of Pharmacy, The Hebrew University, Hadassah Medical School, Jerusalem 91120, Israel. Electronic address: shela.gorin@mail.huji.ac.il.
authors.forename: Shela
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Gorinstein
mesh_terms: D029042:Actinidia / Q000737:chemistry*; D000410:Alanine Transaminase / Q000378:metabolism; D000818:Animals; D001011:Aorta; D001219:Aspartate Aminotransferases / Q000097:blood; D052160:Benzothiazoles / Q000097:blood; D002791:Cholesterol, Dietary / Q000008:administration & dosage; D008076:Cholesterol, HDL / Q000097:blood; D008078:Cholesterol, LDL / Q000097:blood; D004036:Diet, Atherogenic; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D006937:Hypercholesterolemia / Q000178:diet therapy*; D008099:Liver / Q000378:metabolism*; D008297:Male; D043264:Phosphodiesterase I / Q000097:blood; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D013451:Sulfonic Acids / Q000097:blood; D014280:Triglycerides / Q000097:blood
chemical_list: D052160:Benzothiazoles; D002791:Cholesterol, Dietary; D008076:Cholesterol, HDL; D008078:Cholesterol, LDL; D013451:Sulfonic Acids; D014280:Triglycerides; C002502:2,2'-azino-di-(3-ethylbenzothiazoline)-6-sulfonic acid; D001219:Aspartate Aminotransferases; D000410:Alanine Transaminase; D043264:Phosphodiesterase I
keywords: Aorta; Cholesterol; Hardy Kiwifruit; Ileum; Lipids; Liver; Rats