title: Lactose, galactose and glucose determination in naturally "lactose free" hard cheese: HPAEC-PAD method validation.
abstract: A chromatographic method by HPAEC-PAD was developed and in-house validated for the quantification of low sugar levels in hard cheese, specifically Grana Padano PDO cheese. Particular attention was paid to the extraction procedure, due to residual microbial and enzymatic activities. Specificity in detection and linearity were verified. Recoveries ranged from 93% for lactose to 98% for glucose and galactose. The obtained LOD and LOQ values were, respectively, 0.25 and 0.41mg/100g for lactose, 0.14 and 0.27mg/100g for galactose, and 0.16 and 0.26mg/100g for glucose. The method was applied to 59 samples of Grana Padano PDO cheese: galactose showed the highest concentration and variability among the samples (1.36±0.89), compared to both lactose (0.45±0.12) and glucose (0.46±0.13). Considering the very low levels of sugars detected, authentic PDO Grana Padano could be safely included in the diet of people suffering from lactose intolerance.
authors.affiliation: Consiglio per la ricerca in agricoltura e l'analisi dell'economia agraria - Centro di ricerca per le Produzioni Foraggere e Lattiero-Casearie (CREA-FLC), Via A. Lombardo 11, 26900 Lodi (LO), Italy. Electronic address: lucia.monti@crea.gov.it.
authors.forename: Lucia
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Monti
authors.affiliation: Consiglio per la ricerca in agricoltura e l'analisi dell'economia agraria - Centro di ricerca per le Produzioni Foraggere e Lattiero-Casearie (CREA-FLC), Via A. Lombardo 11, 26900 Lodi (LO), Italy. Electronic address: stefano.negri@crea.gov.it.
authors.forename: Stefano
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Negri
authors.affiliation: Consiglio per la ricerca in agricoltura e l'analisi dell'economia agraria - Centro di ricerca per le Produzioni Foraggere e Lattiero-Casearie (CREA-FLC), Via A. Lombardo 11, 26900 Lodi (LO), Italy. Electronic address: aurora.meucci@crea.gov.it.
authors.forename: Aurora
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Meucci
authors.affiliation: Consorzio Tutela Grana Padano, Via XXIV Giugno 8, 25015 San Martino Della Battaglia, (BS), Italy. Electronic address: a.stroppa@granapadano.com.
authors.forename: Angelo
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Stroppa
authors.affiliation: Consiglio per la ricerca in agricoltura e l'analisi dell'economia agraria - Centro di ricerca per le Produzioni Foraggere e Lattiero-Casearie (CREA-FLC), Via A. Lombardo 11, 26900 Lodi (LO), Italy. Electronic address: andrea.galli@crea.gov.it.
authors.forename: Andrea
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Galli
authors.affiliation: Consiglio per la ricerca in agricoltura e l'analisi dell'economia agraria - Centro di ricerca per le Produzioni Foraggere e Lattiero-Casearie (CREA-FLC), Via A. Lombardo 11, 26900 Lodi (LO), Italy. Electronic address: giovanna.contarini@crea.gov.it.
authors.forename: Giovanna
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Contarini
mesh_terms: D002611:Cheese; D002845:Chromatography / Q000379:methods*; D004032:Diet; D005690:Galactose / Q000032:analysis*; D005947:Glucose / Q000032:analysis*; D007785:Lactose / Q000032:analysis*
chemical_list: D005947:Glucose; D007785:Lactose; D005690:Galactose
keywords: Galactose; Galactose (PubChem CID: 6036); Glucose; Glucose (PubChem CID: 5793); Grana Padano PDO cheese; HPAEC-PAD; Lactose; Lactose (PubChem CID: 440995); Method validation