title: Emerging technologies for salivaomics in cancer detection.
abstract: Salivary diagnostics has great potential to be used in the early detection and prevention of many cancerous diseases. If implemented with rigour and efficiency, it can result in improving patient survival times and achieving earlier diagnosis of disease. Recently, extraordinary efforts have been taken to develop non-invasive technologies that can be applied without complicated and expensive procedures. Saliva is a biofluid that has demonstrated excellent properties and can be used as a diagnostic fluid, since many of the biomarkers suggested for cancers can also be found in whole saliva, apart from blood or other body fluids. The currently accepted gold standard methods for biomarker development include chromatography, mass spectometry, gel electrophoresis, microarrays and polymerase chain reaction-based quantification. However, salivary diagnostics is a flourishing field with the rapid development of novel technologies associated with point-of-care diagnostics, RNA sequencing, electrochemical detection and liquid biopsy. Those technologies will help introduce population-based screening programs, thus enabling early detection, prognosis assessment and disease monitoring. The purpose of this review is to give a comprehensive update on the emerging diagnostic technologies and tools for the early detection of cancerous diseases based on saliva.
authors.affiliation: Center for Oral/Head & Neck Oncology Research, School of Dentistry, University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
authors.forename: Karolina Elżbieta
authors.initials: KE
authors.lastname: Kaczor-Urbanowicz
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Biomedical Sciences, Adult's Dentistry Department, Universidad Europea de Madrid, Madrid, Spain.
authors.forename: Carmen
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Martín Carreras-Presas
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Department of Physics, Kazimierz Pulaski University of Technology and Humanities in Radom, Radom, Poland.
authors.forename: Tadeusz
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Kaczor
authors.affiliation: Center for Oral/Head & Neck Oncology Research, School of Dentistry, University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
authors.forename: Michael
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Tu
authors.affiliation: Center for Oral/Head & Neck Oncology Research, School of Dentistry, University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
authors.forename: Fang
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Wei
authors.affiliation: Bioscience Research Center, College of Dentistry, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, USA.
authors.forename: Franklin
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Garcia-Godoy
authors.affiliation: Center for Oral/Head & Neck Oncology Research, School of Dentistry, University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
authors.forename: David T W
authors.initials: DT
authors.lastname: Wong
mesh_terms: D004574:Electromagnetic Fields; D023281:Genomics / Q000379:methods*; D006801:Humans; D055432:Metabolomics / Q000379:methods*; D009369:Neoplasms / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000378:metabolism*; D040901:Proteomics / Q000379:methods*; D012463:Saliva / Q000378:metabolism*
keywords: RNA-Sequencing; cancer; liquid biopsy; point-of-care; salivary diagnostics