title: Drosophila DH31 Neuropeptide and PDF Receptor Regulate Night-Onset Temperature Preference.
abstract: Body temperature exhibits rhythmic fluctuations over a 24 h period (Refinetti and Menaker, 1992) and decreases during the night, which is associated with sleep initiation (Gilbert et al., 2004; Kräuchi, 2007a,b). However, the underlying mechanism of this temperature decrease is largely unknown. We have previously shown that Drosophila exhibit a daily temperature preference rhythm (TPR), in which their preferred temperatures increase during the daytime and then decrease at the transition from day to night (night-onset) (Kaneko et al., 2012). Because Drosophila are small ectotherms, their body temperature is very close to that of the ambient temperature (Stevenson, 1985), suggesting that their TPR generates their body temperature rhythm. Here, we demonstrate that the neuropeptide diuretic hormone 31 (DH31) and pigment-dispersing factor receptor (PDFR) contribute to regulate the preferred temperature decrease at night-onset. We show that PDFR and tethered-DH31 expression in dorsal neurons 2 (DN2s) restore the preferred temperature decrease at night-onset, suggesting that DH31 acts on PDFR in DN2s. Notably, we previously showed that the molecular clock in DN2s is important for TPR. Although PDF (another ligand of PDFR) is a critical factor for locomotor activity rhythms, Pdf mutants exhibit normal preferred temperature decreases at night-onset. This suggests that DH31-PDFR signaling specifically regulates a preferred temperature decrease at night-onset. Thus, we propose that night-onset TPR and locomotor activity rhythms are differentially controlled not only by clock neurons but also by neuropeptide signaling in the brain.
  
  
  
  Body temperature rhythm (BTR) is fundamental for the maintenance of functions essential for homeostasis, such as generating metabolic energy and sleep. One major unsolved question is how body temperature decreases dramatically during the night. Previously, we demonstrated that a BTR-like mechanism, referred to as temperature preference rhythm (TPR), exists in Drosophila Here, we demonstrate that the diuretic hormone 31 (DH31) neuropeptide and pigment-dispersing factor receptor (PDFR) regulate preferred temperature decreases at night-onset via dorsal neurons 2. This is the first in vivo evidence that DH31 could function as a ligand of PDFR. Although both DH31 and PDF are ligands of PDFR, we show that DH31 regulates night-onset TPR, but PDF does not, suggesting that night-onset TPR and locomotor activity rhythms are controlled by different neuropeptides via different clock cells.
authors.affiliation: Visual Systems Group, Abrahamson Pediatric Eye Institute, Division of Pediatric Ophthalmology, and.
authors.forename: Tadahiro
authors.identifier: 0000-0003-4873-9296
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Goda
authors.affiliation: Visual Systems Group, Abrahamson Pediatric Eye Institute, Division of Pediatric Ophthalmology, and.
authors.forename: Xin
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Tang
authors.affiliation: Visual Systems Group, Abrahamson Pediatric Eye Institute, Division of Pediatric Ophthalmology, and.
authors.forename: Yujiro
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Umezaki
authors.affiliation: Visual Systems Group, Abrahamson Pediatric Eye Institute, Division of Pediatric Ophthalmology, and.
authors.forename: Michelle L
authors.initials: ML
authors.lastname: Chu
authors.forename: Michael
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kunst
authors.forename: Michael N
authors.initials: MNN
authors.lastname: Nitabach
authors.affiliation: Visual Systems Group, Abrahamson Pediatric Eye Institute, Division of Pediatric Ophthalmology, and fumika.hamada@cchmc.org.|Division of Developmental Biology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio 45229.|Japan Science and Technology Agency, Precursory Research for Embryonic Science and Technology (PRESTO), Saitama 332-0012, Japan, and.|Department of Ophthalmology, College of Medicine, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio 45229.
authors.forename: Fumika N
authors.identifier: 0000-0002-5365-0504
authors.initials: FN
authors.lastname: Hamada
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001683:Biological Clocks / Q000502:physiology; D001833:Body Temperature Regulation / Q000502:physiology*; D002940:Circadian Rhythm / Q000502:physiology*; D004330:Drosophila / Q000502:physiology*; D029721:Drosophila Proteins / Q000378:metabolism*; D005786:Gene Expression Regulation; D007301:Insect Hormones / Q000378:metabolism*; D043562:Receptors, G-Protein-Coupled / Q000378:metabolism*; D011984:Sensory Receptor Cells / Q000502:physiology*
chemical_list: C434606:Dh31 protein, Drosophila; D029721:Drosophila Proteins; D007301:Insect Hormones; C507073:PDFR protein, Drosophila; D043562:Receptors, G-Protein-Coupled
keywords: DH31; Drosophila; PDFR; circadian rhythm; temperature preference behavior; thermoregulation