title: Nitric Oxide and Hydrogen Sulfide Interact When Modulating Gastric Physiological Functions in Rodents.
abstract: The objective was to evaluate the effects of nitric oxide (NO) and hydrogen sulfide (H2S) donors and possible interactions between these two systems in modulating gastric function.
  
  
  
  Mice received saline, sodium nitroprusside (SNP), or sodium hydrosulfite (NaHS), and after 1 h, the animals were killed for immunofluorescence analysis of CSE or eNOS expressions, respectively. Other groups received saline, SNP, NaHS, Lawesson's reagent (H2S donor), PAG + SNP, L-NAME, L-NAME + NaHS, or L-NAME + Lawesson's reagent. Then, the gastric secretions (mucous and acid), gastric blood flow, gastric defense against ethanol, and gastric motility (gastric emptying and gastric contractility) were evaluated.
  
  
  
  SNP and NaHS increased the expression of CSE or eNOS, respectively. SNP or Lawesson's reagent did not alter gastric acid secretion but increased mucus production, and these effects reverted with PAG and L-NAME treatment, respectively. SNP or NaHS increased gastric blood flow and protected the gastric mucosa against ethanol injury, and these effects reverted with PAG and L-NAME treatments, respectively. SNP delayed gastric emptying when compared with saline, and PAG partially reversed this effect. NaHS accelerate gastric emptying, and L-NAME partially reversed this effect. SNP and NaHS alone induced gastric fundus and pylorus relaxation. However, pretreatment with PAG or L-NAME reversed these relaxant effects only in the pylorus but not in the gastric fundus.
  
  
  
  NO and H2S interact in gastric physiological functions, and this "cross-talk" is important in the control of mucus secretion, gastric blood flow, gastric mucosal defense, and gastric motility, but not in the control of basal gastric acid secretion.
authors.affiliation: Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, CE, Brazil.
authors.forename: Larisse Tavares
authors.initials: LT
authors.lastname: Lucetti
authors.affiliation: Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, CE, Brazil.
authors.forename: Renan Oliveira
authors.initials: RO
authors.lastname: Silva
authors.affiliation: Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, CE, Brazil.
authors.forename: Ana Paula Macedo
authors.initials: AP
authors.lastname: Santana
authors.affiliation: Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, CE, Brazil.
authors.forename: Bruno
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: de Melo Tavares
authors.affiliation: Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, CE, Brazil.
authors.forename: Mariana Lima
authors.initials: ML
authors.lastname: Vale
authors.affiliation: Department of Morphology, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, CE, Brazil.
authors.forename: Pedro Marcos Gomes
authors.initials: PM
authors.lastname: Soares
authors.affiliation: Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, CE, Brazil.
authors.forename: Francisco José Batista
authors.initials: FJ
authors.lastname: de Lima Júnior
authors.affiliation: Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, CE, Brazil.
authors.forename: Pedro Jorge Caldas
authors.initials: PJ
authors.lastname: Magalhães
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacology, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Prêto, SP, Brazil.
authors.forename: Fernando
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: de Queiroz Cunha
authors.affiliation: Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, CE, Brazil.
authors.forename: Ronaldo
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: de Albuquerque Ribeiro
authors.affiliation: Department of Biotechnology and Biodiversity Center Research, Federal University of Piauí, Parnaíba, PI, Brazil.
authors.forename: Jand-Venes Rolim
authors.initials: JR
authors.lastname: Medeiros
authors.affiliation: Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, CE, Brazil. souzamar.ufc@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Marcellus Henrique Loiola Ponte
authors.identifier: 0000-0003-2376-3433
authors.initials: MH
authors.lastname: Souza
mesh_terms: D000480:Alkynes / Q000494:pharmacology; D000818:Animals; D002492:Central Nervous System Depressants / Q000494:pharmacology; D003542:Cystathionine gamma-Lyase / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism; D004347:Drug Interactions; D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors / Q000494:pharmacology; D000431:Ethanol / Q000494:pharmacology; D005455:Fluorescent Antibody Technique; D005744:Gastric Acid / Q000378:metabolism; D005746:Gastric Emptying / Q000187:drug effects*; D005748:Gastric Fundus / Q000187:drug effects; D005753:Gastric Mucosa / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D005978:Glutathione / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D005998:Glycine / Q000031:analogs & derivatives / Q000494:pharmacology; D017078:Laser-Doppler Flowmetry; D008297:Male; D008315:Malondialdehyde / Q000378:metabolism; D051379:Mice; D009093:Mucus / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D009119:Muscle Contraction / Q000187:drug effects; D019331:NG-Nitroarginine Methyl Ester / Q000494:pharmacology; D020030:Nitric Oxide Donors / Q000494:pharmacology*; D052250:Nitric Oxide Synthase Type III / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism; D009599:Nitroprusside / Q000494:pharmacology*; D011708:Pylorus / Q000187:drug effects; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D012039:Regional Blood Flow; D013270:Stomach / Q000098:blood supply / Q000187:drug effects*; D013440:Sulfides / Q000494:pharmacology*
chemical_list: D000480:Alkynes; D002492:Central Nervous System Depressants; D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors; D020030:Nitric Oxide Donors; D013440:Sulfides; D009599:Nitroprusside; D000431:Ethanol; D008315:Malondialdehyde; C009055:propargylglycine; D052250:Nitric Oxide Synthase Type III; D003542:Cystathionine gamma-Lyase; C025451:sodium bisulfide; D005978:Glutathione; D005998:Glycine; D019331:NG-Nitroarginine Methyl Ester
keywords: Gasotransmitters; Gastric functions; Hydrogen sulfide; Nitric oxide