title: Synergistic reaction of silver nitrate, silver nanoparticles, and methylene blue against bacteria.
abstract: In this paper we describe the antibacterial effect of methylene blue, MB, and silver nitrate reacting alone and in combination against five bacterial strains including Serratia marcescens and Escherichia coli bacteria. The data presented suggest that when the two components are combined and react together against bacteria, the effects can be up to three orders of magnitude greater than that of the sum of the two components reacting alone against bacteria. Analysis of the experimental data provides proof that a synergistic mechanism is operative within a dose range when the two components react together, and additive when reacting alone against bacteria.
authors.affiliation: Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843.
authors.forename: Runze
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: Department of Physics and Astronomy, Key Laboratory for Laser Plasmas (Ministry of Education), Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China.|Collaborative Innovation Center of Inertial Fusion Sciences and Applications (CICIFSA), Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China.
authors.forename: Jie
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine, University of California, Irvine, CA 92697.
authors.forename: Thomas C
authors.initials: TC
authors.lastname: Cesario
authors.affiliation: Department of Plant Pathology and Microbiology, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843.
authors.forename: Xin
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: Department of Plant Pathology and Microbiology, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843.
authors.forename: Joshua S
authors.initials: JS
authors.lastname: Yuan
authors.affiliation: Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843; prentzepis@tamu.edu.
authors.forename: Peter M
authors.initials: PM
authors.lastname: Rentzepis
mesh_terms: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use; D001419:Bacteria / Q000187:drug effects*; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D004357:Drug Synergism; D053768:Metal Nanoparticles / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D008751:Methylene Blue / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D008826:Microbial Sensitivity Tests / Q000379:methods; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species / Q000627:therapeutic use; D012834:Silver / Q000494:pharmacology; D012835:Silver Nitrate / Q000627:therapeutic use*
chemical_list: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species; D012834:Silver; D012835:Silver Nitrate; D008751:Methylene Blue
keywords: bacteria; methylene blue; silver ions; synergistic effect