title: Validation of the virtual-reality prospective memory test (Hong Kong Chinese version) for individuals with first-episode schizophrenia.
abstract: This study was performed to examine the psychometric properties of a Virtual-Reality Prospective Memory Test (Hong Kong Chinese version; VRPMT-CV). The VRPMT was administered to 44 individuals with first-episode schizophrenia. The test was administered again 2 weeks later to establish test-retest reliability. The concurrent validity of the VRPMT was evaluated by examining the correlations between the VRPMT score and the score on the Chinese version of the Cambridge Prospective Memory Test (CAMPROMPT-CV). The performance of individuals with schizophrenia on the VRPMT was also compared with that of 42 healthy control subjects to examine the test's sensitivity and specificity. The intraclass correlation for test-retest reliability of the total VRPMT-CV score was 0.78 (p = .005). A significant correlation was found between the total VRPMT-CV score and the total CAMPROMPT-CV score (r = 0.90; p < .001). Comparison with the healthy control subjects revealed that the total VRPMT-CV score was a sensitive (92.9%) and specific (75%) measure of prospective memory deficits in individuals with schizophrenia. The VRPMT-CV is an assessment of prospective memory that has good construct validity, test-retest reliability, sensitivity and specificity in the context of first-episode schizophrenia.
authors.affiliation: a Department of Rehabilitation Sciences , The Hong Kong Polytechnic University , Hung Hom , Hong Kong, PRC.
authors.forename: David W K
authors.initials: DWK
authors.lastname: Man
authors.affiliation: b Center of Health Technology, FEIT , University of Technology Sydney , Ultimo , NSW , Australia.
authors.forename: Balasankar
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Ganesan
authors.affiliation: a Department of Rehabilitation Sciences , The Hong Kong Polytechnic University , Hung Hom , Hong Kong, PRC.
authors.forename: Calvin C K
authors.initials: CCK
authors.lastname: Yip
authors.affiliation: c Hope Community Rehabilitation Day Centre , Haven of Hope Christian Service , Hong Kong, PRC.
authors.forename: Christina O P
authors.initials: COP
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.affiliation: d Placidity Place (ICCMW) , The Society of Rehabilitation and Crime Prevention , Hong Kong, PRC.
authors.forename: Sarah Y L
authors.initials: SYL
authors.lastname: Tsang
authors.affiliation: e Occupational Therapy Department , The Tsung Tsin Mission of Hong Kong Social Service , Hong Kong, PRC.
authors.forename: Pan W P
authors.initials: PWP
authors.lastname: Yu
authors.affiliation: f Occupational Therapy Outreach Services , Mercy Medirehab Professional Group Limited , Hong Kong , PRC.
authors.forename: Janice G E
authors.initials: JGE
authors.lastname: Young
authors.affiliation: g Behavioural Basis of Health Program , Griffith Health Institute, Griffith University , Gold Coast , Australia.
authors.forename: David H K
authors.identifier: http://orcid.org/0000-0002-4810-9262
authors.initials: DHK
authors.lastname: Shum
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D044466:Asian People; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008569:Memory Disorders / Q000209:etiology* / Q000534:rehabilitation*; D061212:Memory, Episodic; D008609:Mental Status Schedule; D008875:Middle Aged; D009483:Neuropsychological Tests; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D012559:Schizophrenia / Q000150:complications*; D012565:Schizophrenic Psychology; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D014175:Translating; D063367:Virtual Reality Exposure Therapy / Q000379:methods*
keywords: First-onset schizophrenia; Virtual Reality Memory Test; prospective memory; reliability; sensitivity; specificity; validity