title: Dietary, anthropometric, and biochemical factors influencing plasma choline, carnitine, trimethylamine, and trimethylamine-N-oxide concentrations.
abstract: The objective of the study was to evaluate the nutritional, anthropometric, and biochemical factors that influence choline, l-carnitine, trimethylamine (TMA), and trimethylamine-N-oxide (TMAO) metabolism in elderly women. The volunteers' diet was assessed using a food frequency questionnaire. Dietary patterns were estimated using a self-established score method. Body mass index (BMI), serum glucose, total, HDL, LDL cholesterol, triacylglycerol, homocysteine (tHcy), free choline (fchol), L-carnitine, TMA, and TMAO were assessed. Higher concentrations of l-carnitine, fchol, and TMAO were found in those women who had more western-style dietary patterns. Nor choline or betaine intake affected plasma fchol, TMA, or TMAO. BMI was positively correlated with fchol and TMA. tHcy was positively correlated with fchol, TMA, and TMAO, while fchol was also positively correlated with TMA and TMAO. Dietary patterns and plasma tHcy concentration influence fchol, TMA, and TMAO plasma concentration. Plasma TMA and fchol may be associated with BMI.
authors.affiliation: a Department of Human Nutrition and Hygiene , Poznań University of Life Sciences , Poznań , Poland.
authors.forename: Anna M
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Malinowska
authors.affiliation: b Department of Fermentation and Biosynthesis, Institute of Food Technology of Plant Origin , Poznań University of Life Sciences , Poznań , Poland.
authors.forename: Artur
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Szwengiel
authors.affiliation: a Department of Human Nutrition and Hygiene , Poznań University of Life Sciences , Poznań , Poland.
authors.forename: Agata
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Chmurzynska
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D049628:Body Size; D002331:Carnitine / Q000097:blood*; D002794:Choline / Q000097:blood*; D004032:Diet; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008744:Methylamines / Q000097:blood*; D008875:Middle Aged
chemical_list: D008744:Methylamines; C005855:trimethyloxamine; C023336:trimethylamine; D002794:Choline; D002331:Carnitine
keywords: Choline; dietary pattern; l-carnitine; trimethylamine (TMA); trimethylamine-N-oxide (TMAO)