title: Sex differences in the adolescent brain and body: Findings from the saguenay youth study.
abstract: This Mini-Review describes sex differences in 66 quantitative characteristics of the brain and body measured in a community-based sample of 1,024 adolescents 12-18 years of age, members of the Saguenay Youth Study. Using an extensive phenotyping protocol, we have obtained measures in a number of domains, including brain structure, cognition, mental health, substance use, body composition, metabolism, cardiovascular reactivity, and life style. For each measure, we provide estimates of effect size (Cohen's d) and sex-specific correlations with age (Pearson R). In total 59 of the 66 characteristics showed sex differences (at a nominal P < 0.05), with small (32), medium-sized (13), and large (11) effects. Some, but not all, of these sex differences increase during adolescence; this appears to be the case mostly for anatomical and physiological measures. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
authors.affiliation: Rotman Research Institute, Baycrest, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.|Departments of Psychology and Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.|Child Mind Institute, New York, New York.
authors.forename: Tomáš
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Paus
authors.affiliation: Rotman Research Institute, Baycrest, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.|Department of Psychology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
authors.forename: Angelita Pui-Yee
authors.initials: AP
authors.lastname: Wong
authors.affiliation: The Hospital for Sick Children, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
authors.forename: Catriona
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Syme
authors.affiliation: The Hospital for Sick Children, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.|Departments of Physiology and Nutritional Sciences, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
authors.forename: Zdenka
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Pausova
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000367:Age Factors; D001921:Brain / Q000473:pathology* / Q000503:physiopathology*; D002648:Child; D018981:Congenital Disorders of Glycosylation / Q000473:pathology* / Q000503:physiopathology; D006801:Humans; D008359:Mannose-6-Phosphate Isomerase / Q000172:deficiency*; D012727:Sex Characteristics
chemical_list: D008359:Mannose-6-Phosphate Isomerase
keywords: Adolescence; Body composition; Brain; Cardiovascular system; Cognitive development; Lifestyle; Mental health; Metabolism; Substance use