title: Ischemic Heart Disease in HIV: An In-depth Look at Cardiovascular Risk.
abstract: Although the incidence of cardiovascular diseases classically associated with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) has decreased considerably with antiretroviral therapy, cardiovascular risk, and especially ischemic heart disease, are higher in HIV-infected patients than in uninfected individuals. This is due to the interaction of patient-dependent factors with virus-dependent factors, as well as factors associated with antiretroviral therapy. With increasing of life expectancy and the chronicity of HIV infection, cardiovascular disease has emerged as an important cause of morbidity and mortality in HIV patients. In developed countries, the most common cardiovascular manifestation of HIV is ischemic heart disease. Currently, it is not uncommon to find HIV patients with acute coronary syndrome and, given the important pharmacokinetic interactions of antiretroviral drugs, it is important to know which cardiovascular treatments are safe in this group of patients. The ideal approach would be to mitigate the cardiovascular risk in HIV patients with specific primary prevention measures. All these issues are discussed in this review, which aims to aid clinical cardiologists faced with HIV patients with ischemic heart disease or with high cardiovascular risk in daily clinical practice.
authors.affiliation: Servicio de Cardiología, Hospital Universitario Álvaro Cunqueiro, Vigo, Pontevedra, Spain. Electronic address: raposeiras26@hotmail.com.
authors.forename: Sergio
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Raposeiras-Roubín
authors.affiliation: Massachusetts General Hospital Divisions of General Internal Medicine and Infectious Diseases and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States.
authors.forename: Virginia
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Triant
mesh_terms: D000806:Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitors / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use; D019380:Anti-HIV Agents / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D000924:Anticholesteremic Agents / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use; D000925:Anticoagulants / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use; D015897:Comorbidity; D004347:Drug Interactions; D015658:HIV Infections / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000276:immunology; D006801:Humans; D019161:Hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA Reductase Inhibitors / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use; D007249:Inflammation; D009203:Myocardial Infarction / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000276:immunology / Q000517:prevention & control; D017202:Myocardial Ischemia / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000276:immunology / Q000517:prevention & control; D009566:Nitrates / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use; D010975:Platelet Aggregation Inhibitors / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use; D012306:Risk; D018570:Risk Assessment; D012307:Risk Factors
chemical_list: D000806:Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitors; D019380:Anti-HIV Agents; D000924:Anticholesteremic Agents; D000925:Anticoagulants; D019161:Hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA Reductase Inhibitors; D009566:Nitrates; D010975:Platelet Aggregation Inhibitors
keywords: Cardiovascular disease; Enfermedad cardiovascular; HIV; Infarto agudo de miocardio; Myocardial infarction; VIH