title: 'Browning' the cardiac and peri-vascular adipose tissues to modulate cardiovascular risk.
abstract: Excess visceral adiposity, in particular that located adjacent to the heart and coronary arteries is associated with increased cardiovascular risk. In the pathophysiological state, dysfunctional adipose tissue secretes an array of factors modulating vascular function and driving atherogenesis. Conversely, brown and beige adipose tissues utilise glucose and lipids to generate heat and are associated with improved cardiometabolic health. The cardiac and thoracic perivascular adipose tissues are now understood to be composed of brown adipose tissue in the healthy state and undergo a brown-to-white transition i.e. during obesity which may be a driving factor of cardiovascular disease. In this review we discuss the risks of excess cardiac and vascular adiposity and potential mechanisms by which restoring the brown phenotype i.e. "re-browning" could potentially be achieved in clinically relevant populations.
authors.affiliation: The Early Life Research Unit, Division of Child Health, Obstetrics and Gynaecology, School of Medicine, University Hospital, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK, NG7 2UH.
authors.forename: Peter
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Aldiss
authors.affiliation: The Early Life Research Unit, Division of Child Health, Obstetrics and Gynaecology, School of Medicine, University Hospital, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK, NG7 2UH.
authors.forename: Graeme
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Davies
authors.affiliation: The Early Life Research Unit, Division of Child Health, Obstetrics and Gynaecology, School of Medicine, University Hospital, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK, NG7 2UH.
authors.forename: Rachel
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Woods
authors.affiliation: The Early Life Research Unit, Division of Child Health, Obstetrics and Gynaecology, School of Medicine, University Hospital, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK, NG7 2UH.
authors.forename: Helen
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Budge
authors.affiliation: VA Greater Los Angeles Healthcare System, Endocrinology and Diabetes Division, and Department of Medicine David Geffen School of Medicine, Los Angeles, CA 90073, USA.
authors.forename: Harold S
authors.initials: HS
authors.lastname: Sacks
authors.affiliation: The Early Life Research Unit, Division of Child Health, Obstetrics and Gynaecology, School of Medicine, University Hospital, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK, NG7 2UH. Electronic address: michael.symonds@nottingham.ac.uk.
authors.forename: Michael E
authors.initials: ME
authors.lastname: Symonds
mesh_terms: D000069796:Adipose Tissue, Beige / Q000378:metabolism; D002001:Adipose Tissue, Brown / Q000378:metabolism*; D050154:Adiposity; D015992:Body Mass Index; D002318:Cardiovascular Diseases / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000517:prevention & control; D003324:Coronary Artery Disease / Q000378:metabolism / Q000517:prevention & control; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D050152:Intra-Abdominal Fat / Q000502:physiology*; D008297:Male; D009765:Obesity / Q000517:prevention & control*; D011379:Prognosis; D018570:Risk Assessment
keywords: Brown adipose tissue; CVD; Epicardial adipose tissue; Perivascular adipose tissue