title: Mental stress assessment using simultaneous measurement of EEG and fNIRS.
abstract: Previous studies reported mental stress as one of the major contributing factors leading to various diseases such as heart attack, depression and stroke. An accurate stress assessment method may thus be of importance to clinical intervention and disease prevention. We propose a joint independent component analysis (jICA) based approach to fuse simultaneous measurement of electroencephalography (EEG) and functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) on the prefrontal cortex (PFC) as a means of stress assessment. For the purpose of this study, stress was induced by using an established mental arithmetic task under time pressure with negative feedback. The induction of mental stress was confirmed by salivary alpha amylase test. Experiment results showed that the proposed fusion of EEG and fNIRS measurements improves the classification accuracy of mental stress by +3.4% compared to EEG alone and +11% compared to fNIRS alone. Similar improvements were also observed in sensitivity and specificity of proposed approach over unimodal EEG/fNIRS. Our study suggests that combination of EEG (frontal alpha rhythm) and fNIRS (concentration change of oxygenated hemoglobin) could be a potential means to assess mental stress objectively.
authors.affiliation: Universiti Teknologi PETRONAS, Centre of Intelligent Signal and Imaging Research, Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, 32610 Bandar Seri Iskandar, Perak, Malaysia.
authors.forename: Fares
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Al-Shargie
authors.affiliation: Hitachi, Ltd., Research & Development Group, 350-0395, Japan.
authors.forename: Masashi
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kiguchi
authors.affiliation: Universiti Teknologi PETRONAS, Centre of Intelligent Signal and Imaging Research, Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, 32610 Bandar Seri Iskandar, Perak, Malaysia.
authors.forename: Nasreen
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Badruddin
authors.affiliation: Universiti Teknologi PETRONAS, Centre of Intelligent Signal and Imaging Research, Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, 32610 Bandar Seri Iskandar, Perak, Malaysia.
authors.forename: Sarat C
authors.initials: SC
authors.lastname: Dass
authors.affiliation: Universiti Teknologi PETRONAS, Centre of Intelligent Signal and Imaging Research, Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, 32610 Bandar Seri Iskandar, Perak, Malaysia.
authors.forename: Ahmad Fadzil Mohammad
authors.initials: AF
authors.lastname: Hani
authors.affiliation: Universiti Teknologi PETRONAS, Centre of Intelligent Signal and Imaging Research, Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, 32610 Bandar Seri Iskandar, Perak, Malaysia.
authors.forename: Tong Boon
authors.initials: TB
authors.lastname: Tang
keywords: (110.2960) Image analysis; (170.1610) Clinical applications; (350.2660) Fusion