title: Lower hemoglobin levels in patients with parkinson's disease are associated with disease severity and iron metabolism.
abstract: Although several lines of evidence suggest that low levels of hemoglobin are a risk factor for Parkinson's disease (PD), few studies have examined changes in hemoglobin after PD onset. In this study, we quantify alterations in hemoglobin after the onset of PD and explore possible mechanisms for changes in hemoglobin. We enrolled 213 PD and 219 control subjects between 2013 and 2014 at the Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University and Nanfang Hospital of Southern Medical University. We collected data from routine blood tests (including markers of iron metabolism) and measured basic clinical parameters. The hemoglobin levels were lower in PD patients relative to control subjects (125.1±15.68g/L and 139.9±11.83g/L, respectively; p＜0.001). Serum iron levels did not change in PD patients compared to control subjects (14.92±4.88μmol/L and 15.73±4.40μmol/L, respectively; p=0.35). Total iron binding capacity (TIBC) was also unaltered (PD group: 48.29±9.13μmol/L; control group: 49.74±8.35 μmol/L; p=0.43). The level of ferritin in PD and control subjects was 174.07±74.04ng/mL and 191.82±91.49ng/mL (p=0.04), respectively. We further analyzed the relationship between iron metabolism and PD by stratifying the data by disease severity and found that late-stage PD patients have lower levels of iron, ferritin, and TIBC (14.36±4.95μmol/L, 162.24±71.25μmol/L and 46.84±10.15ng/mL) compared to age-matched controls. Significant correlations were observed between hemoglobin levels and iron metablism. Our results suggest that hemoglobin levels are lower in PD patients compared to controls and are associated with the severity of PD and iron metabolism.
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, Nanfang Hospital, the Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China.
authors.forename: Qingyuan
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Deng
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, Nanfang Hospital, the Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China.
authors.forename: Xiao
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Zhou
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, Nanfang Hospital, the Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China.
authors.forename: Jinyu
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology,Guangdong 999 Brain Hospital, Guangzhou, China.
authors.forename: Mengqiu
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Pan
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, the Third Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.
authors.forename: Huimin
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Gao
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, the Third Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.
authors.forename: Jing
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Zhou
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, Nanfang Hospital, the Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China.
authors.forename: Dongmei
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, Nanfang Hospital, the Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China.
authors.forename: Qiong
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, Nanfang Hospital, the Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China.
authors.forename: Xiaomei
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, Nanfang Hospital, the Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China. Electronic address: zhpn1023@sohu.com.
authors.forename: Qun
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, Nanfang Hospital, the Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China. Electronic address: 358353103@qq.com.
authors.forename: Yunqi
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Xu
mesh_terms: D000740:Anemia / Q000150:complications; D000978:Antiparkinson Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000097:blood; D018450:Disease Progression; D005260:Female; D005293:Ferritins / Q000097:blood; D006454:Hemoglobins / Q000378:metabolism*; D006801:Humans; D007501:Iron / Q000097:blood / Q000378:metabolism*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010300:Parkinson Disease / Q000097:blood* / Q000188:drug therapy; D012720:Severity of Illness Index
chemical_list: D000978:Antiparkinson Agents; D015415:Biomarkers; D006454:Hemoglobins; D005293:Ferritins; D007501:Iron
keywords: Hemoglobin; Iron metabolism; Parkinson's disease