title: Dual-volume excitation and parallel reconstruction for J-difference-edited MR spectroscopy.
abstract: To develop J-difference editing with parallel reconstruction in accelerated multivoxel (PRIAM) for simultaneous measurement in two separate brain regions of γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) or glutathione.
  
  
  
  PRIAM separates signals from two simultaneously excited voxels using receiver-coil sensitivity profiles. PRIAM was implemented into Mescher-Garwood (MEGA) edited experiments at 3 Tesla (T), and validated by acquiring dual-voxel MEGA-PRIAM (and compared with conventional single-voxel MEGA-PRESS) spectra from a GABA/glutathione phantom, and 11 healthy participants.
  
  
  
  MEGA-PRIAM effectively separated phantom spectra with ∼3-4% between-voxel contamination. GABA and glutathione measurements agreed well with those obtained using single-voxel MEGA-PRESS (mean difference was below 2% in GABA levels, and below 7% in glutathione levels). In vivo, GABA- and glutathione-edited spectra were successfully reconstructed with a mean in vivo g-factor of 1.025 (typical voxel-center separation: 7-8 cm). MEGA-PRIAM experiments showed higher signal-to-noise ratio than sequential single-voxel experiments of the same total duration (mean improvement 1.38 ± 0.24).
  
  
  
  Simultaneous acquisition of J-difference-edited GABA or glutathione spectra from two voxels is feasible at 3 T. MEGA-PRIAM increases data acquisition rates compared with MEGA-PRESS by a factor of 2. Magn Reson Med, 2016. © 2016 International Society for Magnetic Resonance in Medicine.
authors.affiliation: Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, the Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.|F.M. Kirby Center for Functional Brain Imaging, Kennedy Krieger Institute, Baltimore, MD, USA.
authors.forename: Georg
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Oeltzschner
authors.affiliation: Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, the Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.|F.M. Kirby Center for Functional Brain Imaging, Kennedy Krieger Institute, Baltimore, MD, USA.
authors.forename: Nicolaas A J
authors.initials: NA
authors.lastname: Puts
authors.affiliation: Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, the Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.|F.M. Kirby Center for Functional Brain Imaging, Kennedy Krieger Institute, Baltimore, MD, USA.|Department of Biomedical Engineering, the Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.
authors.forename: Kimberly L
authors.identifier: 0000-0002-3091-2073
authors.initials: KL
authors.lastname: Chan
authors.affiliation: Hvidovre Hospital, Danish Research Center for Magnetic Resonance, Hvidovre, Denmark.
authors.forename: Vincent O
authors.initials: VO
authors.lastname: Boer
authors.affiliation: Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, the Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.|F.M. Kirby Center for Functional Brain Imaging, Kennedy Krieger Institute, Baltimore, MD, USA.
authors.forename: Peter B
authors.initials: PB
authors.lastname: Barker
authors.affiliation: Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, the Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.|F.M. Kirby Center for Functional Brain Imaging, Kennedy Krieger Institute, Baltimore, MD, USA.
authors.forename: Richard A E
authors.initials: RA
authors.lastname: Edden
keywords: GABA; GSH; brain; dual volume; edited MRS; multivoxel