title: Parent-Child Connectedness and Long-Term Risk for Suicidal Ideation in a Nationally Representative Sample of US Adolescents.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Few studies have addressed on the role of parent-child connectedness (PCC) on adolescents' risk for suicidal ideation from a longitudinal, developmental perspective.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  This study examined PCC during adolescence and risk of suicidal ideation into adulthood among a nationally representative sample of American adolescents.
  
  
  METHODS
  The study includes 13,234 adolescents aged 11-18 from the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent to Adult Health (Add Health) who were surveyed during adolescence (1994-1995) and then again in early adulthood (2008-2009). Multinomial logistic regression estimated the association between PCC during adolescence and having ideation during the adolescence period only, in adulthood only, and in both adolescence and adulthood as compared with those without suicidal ideation.
  
  
  RESULTS
  After adjusting for depressive symptoms and other parent and adolescent characteristics, adolescents in two-parent households who reported higher PCC during adolescence had lower relative risk of having ideation during adolescence alone and in both adolescence and adulthood. In mother-only households, higher mother connectedness was also associated with decreased risk of having adolescent ideation.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  PCC is an important modifiable target for the prevention of suicidal ideation from adolescence into adulthood.
authors.affiliation: 1 Substance Abuse & Mental Health Services Administration, enter for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, Division of Evaluation, Analysis and Quality, Analysis and Services Research Branch, Rockville, MD, USA.
authors.forename: S Janet
authors.initials: SJ
authors.lastname: Kuramoto-Crawford
authors.affiliation: 1 Substance Abuse & Mental Health Services Administration, enter for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, Division of Evaluation, Analysis and Quality, Analysis and Services Research Branch, Rockville, MD, USA.
authors.forename: Mir M
authors.initials: MM
authors.lastname: Ali
authors.affiliation: 2 Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA.
authors.forename: Holly C
authors.initials: HC
authors.lastname: Wilcox
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D003863:Depression / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000523:psychology; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D016015:Logistic Models; D008137:Longitudinal Studies; D008297:Male; D010287:Parent-Child Relations; D011569:Psychiatric Status Rating Scales; D011584:Psychology; D012306:Risk; D012307:Risk Factors; D012737:Sex Factors; D020954:Single-Parent Family / Q000523:psychology / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D059020:Suicidal Ideation; D014481:United States / Q000453:epidemiology
keywords: adolescent; family; parent–child connectedness; suicidal ideation; suicide