title: Measurement Invariance of a Body Dysmorphic Disorder Symptom Questionnaire Across Sex: The Body Image Questionnaire-Child and Adolescent Version.
abstract: Measures of body dysmorphic disorder symptoms have received little psychometric evaluation in adolescent samples. This study aimed to examine cross-sex measurement invariance in the Body Image Questionnaire-Child and Adolescent version (BIQ-C) to establish whether observed sex differences in total scores may be meaningful or due to differences in measurement properties. A sample of 3,057 Australian high school students completed the initial screening item of the measure (63.2% male, Mage= 14.58 years, SD = 1.37, range = 12-18 years). Of these participants, 1,512 (49.5%) reported appearance concerns and thus completed the full measure. Partial scalar measurement invariance was established among a revised two-factor, 9-item version of the BIQ-C (BIQ-C-9). Females reported significantly greater latent factor variance, higher BIQ-C-9 total and factor scores, and higher scores on most individual BIQ-C-9 items. The measure can be used with caution to compare body dysmorphic disorder symptoms between male and female adolescents, though sex-specific cutoff scores should be used.
authors.affiliation: 1 Macquarie University, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.
authors.forename: Sophie C
authors.initials: SC
authors.lastname: Schneider
authors.affiliation: 1 Macquarie University, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.
authors.forename: Andrew J
authors.initials: AJ
authors.lastname: Baillie
authors.affiliation: 2 Western Sydney University, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.|3 University of Tasmania, Launceston, Tasmania, Australia.
authors.forename: Jonathan
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Mond
authors.affiliation: 4 University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia.
authors.forename: Cynthia M
authors.initials: CM
authors.lastname: Turner
authors.affiliation: 1 Macquarie University, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.
authors.forename: Jennifer L
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: Hudson
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D057215:Body Dysmorphic Disorders / Q000523:psychology*; D002648:Child; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D011594:Psychometrics; D012494:Sampling Studies; D012737:Sex Factors; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires
keywords: adolescent; body dysmorphic disorder; measurement invariance; screening; sex differences