title: Repatriation is associated with isthmus cingulate cortex reduction in community-dwelling elderly.
abstract: The impact of stressful life events (SLEs) on brain anatomy is poorly understood, particularly its long-term neural consequences. We tested the hypothesis that a serious SLE (repatriation of French citizens living in Algeria in 1962) is associated with changes in brain regions previously implicated in psychopathology (hippocampus, amygdala, corpus callosum, prefrontal cortex, anterior, posterior and isthmus cingulate cortex (ICC)) in a large elderly population.
  
  
  
  Structural magnetic resonance imaging was used to acquire anatomical scans from 82 subjects repatriated from Algeria and 339 subjects without this experience or any other trauma. We derived quantitative regional estimates of subcortical volume using FreeSurfer Software. The General Linear Model was used to test the association between repatriation and changes in brain volume adjusted for confounders (gender, age, education, total brain volume, traumatic brain injury, Mini Mental State Examination score at baseline, current and lifetime major depression and recent SLEs).
  
  
  
  Repatriation to France was associated with reduced volume in a number of areas; however, only left and right ICC survived to false discovery rate correction.
  
  
  
  In the elderly a previous (approximately 40 years before) serious SLE could be associated with long-term volume reduction in the ICC, independently of psychopathology.
authors.affiliation: a INSERM U1061, La Colombière Hospital, University of Montpellier UM1 , Montpellier , France.|b FondaMental Foundation, Créteil , France.|c Department of Emergency Psychiatry and Post Acute Care , Lapeyronie Hospital, CHRU , Montpellier , France.
authors.forename: Raffaella
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Calati
authors.affiliation: d Monash Alfred Psychiatry Research Centre, The Alfred & Monash University Central Clinical School , Melbourne , Victoria , Australia.|e General Electric Healthcare , Melbourne , Victoria , Australia.
authors.forename: Jerome J
authors.initials: JJ
authors.lastname: Maller
authors.affiliation: f Centre for Mental Health Research, Australian National University , Canberra , Australia.
authors.forename: Chantal
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Meslin
authors.affiliation: a INSERM U1061, La Colombière Hospital, University of Montpellier UM1 , Montpellier , France.|g Department of Adult Psychiatry , CHRU , Nîmes , France.
authors.forename: Jorge
authors.identifier: 0000-0003-0618-0690
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Lopez-Castroman
authors.affiliation: a INSERM U1061, La Colombière Hospital, University of Montpellier UM1 , Montpellier , France.
authors.forename: Karen
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Ritchie
authors.affiliation: a INSERM U1061, La Colombière Hospital, University of Montpellier UM1 , Montpellier , France.|b FondaMental Foundation, Créteil , France.|c Department of Emergency Psychiatry and Post Acute Care , Lapeyronie Hospital, CHRU , Montpellier , France.
authors.forename: Philippe
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Courtet
authors.affiliation: a INSERM U1061, La Colombière Hospital, University of Montpellier UM1 , Montpellier , France.
authors.forename: Sylvaine
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Artero
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000462:Algeria; D005260:Female; D005602:France; D006179:Gyrus Cinguli / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000473:pathology*; D006801:Humans; D057187:Independent Living; D008016:Life Change Events; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging; D008297:Male; D013315:Stress, Psychological / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000473:pathology*
keywords: Stress; biological psychiatry; brain imaging