title: Pharmaceutical Particles Design by Membrane Emulsification: Preparation Methods and Applications in Drug Delivery.
abstract: Nowadays, the rational design of particles is an important issue in the development of pharmaceutical medicaments. Advances in manufacturing methods are required to design new pharmaceutical particles with target properties in terms of particle size, particle size distribution, structure and functional activity. Membrane emulsification is emerging as a promising tool for the production of emulsions and solidified particles with tailored properties in many fields. In this review, the current use of membrane emulsification in the production of pharmaceutical particles is highlighted. Membrane emulsification devices designed for small-scale testing as well as membrane-based methods suitable for large-scale production are discussed. A special emphasis is put on the important factors that contribute to the encapsulation efficiency and drug loading. The most recent studies about the utilization of the membrane emulsification for preparing particles as drug delivery systems for anticancer, proteins/peptide, lipophilic and hydrophilic bioactive drugs are reviewed.
authors.affiliation: Institute on Membrane Technology, National Research Council, ITM-CNR, Via P. Bucci 17/C at University of Calabria, 87036 Rende (CS), Italy.
authors.forename: Emma
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Piacentini
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemical Engineering, Loughborough University, LE11 3TU, United Kingdom.
authors.forename: Marijana
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Dragosavac
authors.forename: Lidietta
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Giorno
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D016503:Drug Delivery Systems; D015195:Drug Design; D004655:Emulsions / Q000737:chemistry; D006801:Humans; D010316:Particle Size; D004364:Pharmaceutical Preparations / Q000737:chemistry*; D013499:Surface Properties
chemical_list: D004655:Emulsions; D004364:Pharmaceutical Preparations
keywords: Membrane emulsification; administration
  route; drug delivery; emulsions; encapsulation efficiency; particles; pharmaceutical field; stimulus responsive