title: Advances and Implications in Nanotechnology for Lung Cancer Management.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Lung cancer is one of the most fatal chronic diseases in the field of respiratory medicine. The purpose of this paper is to address the side effects of conventional treatment strategies and to report the findings of till date drug nanocarriers researches performed for lung cancer therapy. This review also highlights the outstanding results of several researches employing pulmonary delivery system of nano-based drug formulations suitable for lung cancer.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  Summarizing the advances made in the field of nanotechnology-based lung cancer management.
  
  
  METHODS
  We systematically searched for research literature using a well-framed review question and presented data in the tabular forms for readers' convenience.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Sixty-four papers were included in the review, the majority of which represent latest researches in the field of nanoparticle-based drug delivery for lung cancer therapy. Conventional treatment strategies for lung cancer lack specificity and are limited by undesirable toxicities in normal cells, as well as a high rate of recurrence. Intervention of nanotechnology has revolutionized the therapy of lung cancer upto a great extent by overcoming the current constraints in conventional therapies. Pulmonary delivery of nano-based drug formulations has resulted in potentially more effective and advanced lung cancer therapy.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Several nanoscale drug delivery systems for lung cancer treatment are at present in clinical trials and some of them already exist in commercially available forms in the marketplace. However, although nanoscale drug carriers for lung cancer treatment have demonstrated stupendous therapeutic potential at both preclinical and clinical trials, but there are still many limitations to be solved.
authors.forename: Sana
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Sarkar
authors.forename: Khwaja
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Osama
authors.forename: Qazi Mohammad Sajid
authors.initials: QMS
authors.lastname: Jamal
authors.forename: Mohammad Amjad
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Kamal
authors.forename: Usman
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: Sayeed
authors.forename: M Kalim A
authors.initials: MKA
authors.lastname: Khan
authors.forename: Mohd Haris
authors.initials: MH
authors.lastname: Siddiqui
authors.affiliation: Department of Bioengineering, Integral University, Lucknow-226026, UP, India.
authors.forename: Salman
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Akhtar
mesh_terms: D004337:Drug Carriers; D016503:Drug Delivery Systems / Q000379:methods*; D006801:Humans; D008175:Lung Neoplasms / Q000628:therapy*; D053758:Nanoparticles / Q000008:administration & dosage; D036103:Nanotechnology
chemical_list: D004337:Drug Carriers
keywords: Lung cancer; Muti drug resistance; nano carriers; nanoparticles; passive and active targeting; pulmonary drug delivery