title: Hürthle cell carcinoma: current perspectives.
abstract: Hürthle cell carcinoma (HCC) can present either as a minimally invasive or as a widely invasive tumor. HCC generally has a more aggressive clinical behavior compared with the other differentiated thyroid cancers, and it is associated with a higher rate of distant metastases. Minimally invasive HCC demonstrates much less aggressive behavior; lesions <4 cm can be treated with thyroid lobectomy alone, and without radioactive iodine (RAI). HCC has been observed to be less iodine-avid compared with other differentiated thyroid cancers; however, recent data have demonstrated improved survival with RAI use in patients with HCC >2 cm and those with nodal and distant metastases. Patients with localized iodine-resistant disease who are not candidates for a wait-and-watch approach can be treated with localized therapies. Systemic therapy is reserved for patients with progressive, widely metastatic HCC.
authors.affiliation: Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine.
authors.forename: Sara
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Ahmadi
authors.affiliation: Section of Endocrine Surgery, Department of Surgery.
authors.forename: Michael
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Stang
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathology, Duke University Medical Center.
authors.forename: Xiaoyin Sara
authors.initials: XS
authors.lastname: Jiang
authors.affiliation: Section of Endocrine Surgery, Department of Surgery; Duke Cancer Institute; Duke Clinical Research Institute, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA.
authors.forename: Julie Ann
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Sosa
keywords: Hurthle cell lesion; follicular cell carcinoma; minimally invasive HCC; thyroid cancer; thyroid nodule