title: Visual system manifestations of Alzheimer's disease.
abstract: Alzheimer's disease (AD) is an increasingly common disease with massive personal and economic costs. While it has long been known that AD impacts the visual system, there has recently been an increased focus on understanding both pathophysiological mechanisms that may be shared between the eye and brain and how related biomarkers could be useful for AD diagnosis. Here, were review pertinent cellular and molecular mechanisms of AD pathophysiology, the presence of AD pathology in the visual system, associated functional changes, and potential development of diagnostic tools based on the visual system. Additionally, we discuss links between AD and visual disorders, including possible pathophysiological mechanisms and their relevance for improving our understanding of AD.
authors.affiliation: University of Arizona College of Medicine, Phoenix, Arizona, USA.
authors.forename: Yael
authors.identifier: http://orcid.org/0000-0002-7325-8454
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Kusne
authors.affiliation: University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado, USA.
authors.forename: Andrew B
authors.initials: AB
authors.lastname: Wolf
authors.affiliation: University of Arizona College of Medicine, Phoenix, Arizona, USA.
authors.forename: Kate
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Townley
authors.affiliation: University of Arizona College of Medicine, Phoenix, Arizona, USA.|Arizona Retinal Specialists, Sun City, Arizona, USA.
authors.forename: Mandi
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Conway
authors.affiliation: University of Arizona College of Medicine, Phoenix, Arizona, USA.|Arizona Retinal Specialists, Sun City, Arizona, USA.
authors.forename: Gholam A
authors.initials: GA
authors.lastname: Peyman
mesh_terms: D000544:Alzheimer Disease / Q000150:complications* / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000503:physiopathology; D005123:Eye / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000503:physiopathology; D006801:Humans; D059906:Neuroimaging / Q000379:methods*; D014786:Vision Disorders / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000209:etiology / Q000503:physiopathology; D014792:Visual Acuity; D014793:Visual Cortex / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000503:physiopathology*
keywords: Alzheimer's disease; amyloid; biomarkers; neurodegeneration; ocular; retina; tau; visual; visual system