title: The effects of partial sleep restriction and altered sleep timing on appetite and food reward.
abstract: We examined the effects of partial sleep restriction (PSR) with an advanced wake-time or delayed bedtime on measures of appetite, food reward and subsequent energy intake (EI). Twelve men and 6 women (age: 23 ± 4 years, body fat: 18.8 ± 10.1%) participated in 3 randomized crossover sessions: control (habitual bed- and wake-time), 50% PSR with an advanced wake-time and 50% PSR with a delayed bedtime. Outcome variables included sleep architecture (polysomnography), ad libitum EI (validated food menu), appetite sensations (visual analogue scales), satiety quotient (SQ; mm/100 kcal) and food reward (Leeds Food Preference Questionnaire and the relative-reinforcing value (RRV) of preferred food task). Increased fasting and post-standard breakfast appetite ratings were noted following PSR with an advanced wake-time compared to the control and PSR with a delayed bedtime sessions (Fasting hunger ratings: 77 ± 16 vs. 65 ± 18 and 64 ± 16; P = 0.01; Post-meal hunger AUC: 5982 ± 1781 vs. 4508 ± 2136 and 5198 ± 2201; P = 0.03). Increased explicit wanting and liking for high- relative to low-fat foods were also noted during the advanced wake-time vs. control session (Explicit wanting: -3.5 ± 12.5 vs. -9.3 ± 8.9, P = 0.01; Explicit liking: -1.6 ± 8.5 vs. -7.8 ± 9.6, P = 0.002). No differences in the RRV of preferred food, SQ and ad libitum lunch intake were noted between sessions. These findings suggest that appetite sensations and food reward are increased following PSR with an advanced wake-time, rather than delayed bedtime, vs.
  
  
  
  However, this did not translate into increased EI during a test meal. Given the increasing prevalence of shift workers and incidences of sleep disorders, additional studies are needed to evaluate the prolonged effects of voluntary sleep restriction with altered sleep timing on appetite and EI measurements.
authors.affiliation: Behavioural and Metabolic Research Unit, School of Human Kinetics, University of Ottawa, Ottawa K1N 6N5, Canada.
authors.forename: Jessica
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: McNeil
authors.affiliation: Laboratoire du Sommeil, Département de Psychoéducation et de Psychologie, Université du Québec en Outaouais, Gatineau J8X 3X7, Canada.
authors.forename: Geneviève
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Forest
authors.affiliation: Behavioural and Metabolic Research Unit, School of Human Kinetics, University of Ottawa, Ottawa K1N 6N5, Canada.
authors.forename: Luzia Jaeger
authors.initials: LJ
authors.lastname: Hintze
authors.affiliation: Laboratoire du Sommeil, Département de Psychoéducation et de Psychologie, Université du Québec en Outaouais, Gatineau J8X 3X7, Canada.
authors.forename: Jean-François
authors.initials: JF
authors.lastname: Brunet
authors.affiliation: BioPsychology Group, Institute of Psychological Sciences, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, United Kingdom.
authors.forename: Graham
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Finlayson
authors.affiliation: BioPsychology Group, Institute of Psychological Sciences, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, United Kingdom.
authors.forename: John E
authors.initials: JE
authors.lastname: Blundell
authors.affiliation: Behavioural and Metabolic Research Unit, School of Human Kinetics, University of Ottawa, Ottawa K1N 6N5, Canada. Electronic address: edoucet@uottawa.ca.
authors.forename: Éric
authors.initials: É
authors.lastname: Doucet
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001066:Appetite; D018592:Cross-Over Studies; D004435:Eating / Q000523:psychology*; D002149:Energy Intake; D005215:Fasting / Q000502:physiology / Q000523:psychology; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D006815:Hunger / Q000502:physiology; D008297:Male; D017286:Polysomnography; D019518:Postprandial Period; D012201:Reward; D012527:Satiation / Q000502:physiology; D012890:Sleep / Q000502:physiology; D012892:Sleep Deprivation / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000523:psychology*; D013997:Time Factors; D055815:Young Adult
keywords: Appetite; Food reward; Satiety quotient; Sleep architecture; Sleep deprivation