title: Predictors of the Perception of Smoking Health Risks in Smokers With or Without Schizophrenia.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  This study sought to examine the predictors of health risk perception in smokers with or without schizophrenia.
  
  
  METHODS
  The health risk subscale from the Smoking Consequences Questionnaire was dichotomized and used to measure health risk perception in smokers with (n = 67) and without schizophrenia (n = 100). A backward stepwise logistic regression was conducted using variables associated at the bivariate level to determine multivariate predictors.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Overall, 62.5% of smokers without schizophrenia and 40.3% of smokers with schizophrenia completely recognize the health risks of smoking (p ≤ .01). Multivariate predictors for smokers without schizophrenia included: sex (Exp (B) = .3; p < .05), Smoking Consequences Questionnaire state enhancement (Exp (B) = .69; p < .01), and craving relief (Exp (B) = 1.8; p < .01). Among smokers with schizophrenia, predictors were education (Exp (B) = .7; p < .05), nicotine dependence (Exp (B) = .5; p < .01), motivation to quit (Exp (B) = 1.8; p < .01), and Smoking Consequences Questionnaire craving relief (Exp (B) = 1.8; p < .01).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  There was overlap and differences between predictors in smokers with and without schizophrenia. Commonly used techniques for education on the health consequences of cigarettes may work in smokers with schizophrenia, but intervention efforts specifically tailored to smokers with schizophrenia might be more efficacious.
authors.affiliation: a National Institute on Drug Abuse, Intramural Research Program , Baltimore , Maryland , USA.
authors.forename: William J
authors.initials: WJ
authors.lastname: Kowalczyk
authors.affiliation: b Maryland Psychiatric Research Center, University of Maryland School of Medicine , Baltimore , Maryland , USA.
authors.forename: Heidi J
authors.initials: HJ
authors.lastname: Wehring
authors.affiliation: a National Institute on Drug Abuse, Intramural Research Program , Baltimore , Maryland , USA.
authors.forename: George
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Burton
authors.affiliation: b Maryland Psychiatric Research Center, University of Maryland School of Medicine , Baltimore , Maryland , USA.
authors.forename: Heather
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Raley
authors.affiliation: b Maryland Psychiatric Research Center, University of Maryland School of Medicine , Baltimore , Maryland , USA.
authors.forename: Stephanie
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Feldman
authors.affiliation: a National Institute on Drug Abuse, Intramural Research Program , Baltimore , Maryland , USA.
authors.forename: Stephen J
authors.initials: SJ
authors.lastname: Heishman
authors.affiliation: b Maryland Psychiatric Research Center, University of Maryland School of Medicine , Baltimore , Maryland , USA.
authors.forename: Deanna L
authors.initials: DL
authors.lastname: Kelly
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001294:Attitude to Health; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D012307:Risk Factors; D012559:Schizophrenia / Q000150:complications*; D012565:Schizophrenic Psychology; D012907:Smoking / Q000523:psychology*; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D014029:Tobacco Use Disorder / Q000150:complications / Q000523:psychology*
keywords: Schizophrenia; cigarette smoking; health risks; perception