title: Hyponatremia and short-term prognosis of patients with acute pulmonary embolism: A meta-analysis.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The aim of this study was to assess the relationship between hyponatremia and the short-term prognosis of patients with acute pulmonary embolism (PE).
  
  
  METHODS
  Searches of MEDLINE (1966-) and ISI Databases (1965-) were performed for English language studies. Odds ratio (OR) and adjusted hazard ratio (HR) for short-term prognosis were calculated for PE patients with or without hyponatremia. Meta-analysis was carried out following Meta-analysis of Observational Studies in Epidemiology (MOOSE) guidelines.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Eight studies with 18,616 patients were included in this meta-analysis. The mean in-hospital mortality was 12.9% in hyponatremia group, compared with 2.3% in normonatremia group. Meta-analysis showed the summary OR was 5.586 (95% CI 3.424 to 9.112). The mean 30-day mortality was 15.9% in hyponatremia group, compared with 7.4% in normonatremia group. The summary OR was 3.091 (95% CI 1.650 to 5.788). No significant publication bias was found for the meta-analysis. Sensitivity analyses by only pooled the adjusted HRs showed the summary HR was 0.924 (95% CI 0.897 to 0.951), which indicted the mortality risk will be decrease to 0.924 times for per-1mmol/L sodium increase in hyponatremia patients.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our meta-analysis indicates that hyponatremia was related with poor short-term prognosis in patients with acute PE. Hyponatremia is a simple, cheap, powerful marker of mortality, which should be used routinely tested in the PE prognostic assessment.
authors.affiliation: Department of Respiratory Diseases, The Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, China.
authors.forename: Xiao-Yu
authors.initials: XY
authors.lastname: Zhou
authors.affiliation: Nantong University, China.
authors.forename: Hong-Lin
authors.initials: HL
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.affiliation: Department of Respiratory Diseases, The Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, China. Electronic address: pphss@126.com.
authors.forename: Song-Shi
authors.initials: SS
authors.lastname: Ni
mesh_terms: D000208:Acute Disease; D006801:Humans; D007010:Hyponatremia / Q000150:complications* / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000401:mortality; D011379:Prognosis; D011655:Pulmonary Embolism / Q000150:complications* / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000401:mortality; D018570:Risk Assessment
keywords: Hyponatremia; Meta-analysis; Pulmonary embolism; Short-term prognosis