title: An Explanation of the Underlying Mechanisms for the In Vitro and In Vivo Antiurolithic Activity ofGlechoma longituba.
abstract: Purpose. To use in vitro and in vivo models to evaluateGlechoma longitubaextract to provide scientific evidence for this extract's antiurolithic activity.Materials and Methods. Potassium citrate was used as a positive control group. Oxidative stress (OS) markers and the expression of osteopontin (OPN) and kidney injury molecule-1 (KIM-1) were measured to assess the protective effects ofGlechoma longituba. Multiple urolithiasis-related biochemical parameters were evaluated in urine and serum. Kidneys were harvested for histological examination and the assessment of crystal deposits.Results. In vitro and in vivo experiments demonstrated that treatment withGlechoma longitubaextract significantly decreased calcium oxalate- (CaOx-) induced OPN expression, KIM-1 expression, and OS compared with the positive control group (P< 0.05). Additionally, in vivo rats that receivedGlechoma longitubaextract exhibited significantly decreased CaOx deposits and pathological alterations (P< 0.05) compared with urolithic rats. Significantly lower levels of oxalate, creatinine, and urea and increased citrate levels were observed among rats that receivedGlechoma longituba(P< 0.05) compared with urolithic rats.Conclusion.Glechoma longitubahas antiurolithic effects due to its possible combined effects of increasing antioxidant levels, decreasing urinary stone-forming constituents and urolithiasis-related protein expression, and elevating urinary citrate levels.
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, Institute of Urology, Gansu Nephro-Urological Clinical Center, Key Laboratory of Urological Diseases in Gansu Province, The Second Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu 730030, China; Department of Neurosurgery, The Neurosurgery Clinical Medical Center, The Second Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu 730030, China.
authors.forename: Qiang
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Liang
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, Institute of Urology, Gansu Nephro-Urological Clinical Center, Key Laboratory of Urological Diseases in Gansu Province, The Second Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu 730030, China; Department of Urology, First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University and Institute of Urology, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China.
authors.forename: Xiaoran
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurosurgery, The Neurosurgery Clinical Medical Center, The Second Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu 730030, China.
authors.forename: Wangning
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Zhou
authors.affiliation: First Clinical Medical College of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu 730000, China.
authors.forename: Yu
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Su
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, Institute of Urology, Gansu Nephro-Urological Clinical Center, Key Laboratory of Urological Diseases in Gansu Province, The Second Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu 730030, China.
authors.forename: Shenbao
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: He
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, Institute of Urology, Gansu Nephro-Urological Clinical Center, Key Laboratory of Urological Diseases in Gansu Province, The Second Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu 730030, China.
authors.forename: Shuanglei
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Cheng
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, Institute of Urology, Gansu Nephro-Urological Clinical Center, Key Laboratory of Urological Diseases in Gansu Province, The Second Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu 730030, China.
authors.forename: Jianzhong
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Lu
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, Institute of Urology, Gansu Nephro-Urological Clinical Center, Key Laboratory of Urological Diseases in Gansu Province, The Second Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu 730030, China.
authors.forename: Wenjuan
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Cao
authors.affiliation: Department of General Surgery, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou 730030, China.
authors.forename: Yuke
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Yan
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, Institute of Urology, Gansu Nephro-Urological Clinical Center, Key Laboratory of Urological Diseases in Gansu Province, The Second Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu 730030, China.
authors.forename: Xiaxia
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Pei
authors.affiliation: Orthopaedics Key Laboratory of Gansu Province, Department of Orthopaedics, The Second Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu, China.
authors.forename: Jin
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Qi
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardiology, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou 730030, China.
authors.forename: Guangli
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Xu
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, Institute of Urology, Gansu Nephro-Urological Clinical Center, Key Laboratory of Urological Diseases in Gansu Province, The Second Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu 730030, China.
authors.forename: Zhongjin
authors.identifier: 0000-0001-8786-1580
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Yue
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D019686:Lamiaceae / Q000737:chemistry*; D008297:Male; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000737:chemistry*; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D052878:Urolithiasis / Q000188:drug therapy*
chemical_list: D010936:Plant Extracts