title: Posttreatment surveillance for sinonasal malignancy.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Sinonasal neoplasms have a high rate of recurrence following treatment, and clinicians utilize a variety of surveillance techniques. Generally, surveillance modality and frequency of follow-up are determined by the guidelines for head and neck cancer as a broad category. However, recent studies have demonstrated that a more tailored approach to follow-up may be necessary.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Endoscopy has low sensitivity in recurrence detection, especially in the asymptomatic patient. However, it is able to identify superficial recurrences that may be more amenable to repeat resection. Conversely, imaging [computed tomography (CT), MRI, and F-fluorodeoxyglucose-PET/CT] is useful in ruling out disease, but the inflammatory environment of the posttreatment sinonasal cavity leads to a high number of false positives. This is especially notable in PET/CT, which has worse specificity and positive predictive value in sinonasal malignancy than in head and neck malignancy overall, especially in the early posttreatment period. Little data are available on optimal timing and duration of follow-up, but tumor histology and aggressiveness should be considered when choosing a surveillance approach.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Sinonasal malignancy surveillance strategies may warrant modifications of current protocols used for head and neck malignancy. This is due to a number of factors, including a greater diversity of sinonasal disorder and increased duration of posttreatment sinonasal inflammation. Clinicians should be aware of the performance parameters of commonly used surveillance techniques and adjust follow-up regimens based on this information.
authors.affiliation: aPerelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania bDepartment of Otorhinolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA.
authors.forename: Alan D
authors.initials: AD
authors.lastname: Workman
authors.forename: James N
authors.initials: JN
authors.lastname: Palmer
authors.forename: Nithin D
authors.initials: ND
authors.lastname: Adappa
mesh_terms: D002294:Carcinoma, Squamous Cell / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000601:surgery*; D004724:Endoscopy / Q000379:methods; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging / Q000379:methods; D008297:Male; D008991:Monitoring, Physiologic / Q000379:methods*; D064847:Multimodal Imaging / Q000379:methods*; D009361:Neoplasm Invasiveness / Q000473:pathology; D009364:Neoplasm Recurrence, Local / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery; D009367:Neoplasm Staging; D010255:Paranasal Sinus Neoplasms / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery*; D000072078:Positron Emission Tomography Computed Tomography / Q000379:methods; D011182:Postoperative Care / Q000379:methods; D018570:Risk Assessment