title: Multimodal imaging of combined hamartoma of the retina and retinal pigment epithelium associated with an acquired vitelliform lesion.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  We present a case of a combined hamartoma of the retina and retinal pigment epithelium associated with a subfoveal acquired vitelliform lesion induced by vitreomacular traction. The purpose of this report is to present a unifying hypothesis of these concurrent findings, as aided by multimodal imaging.
  
  
  METHODS
  A 25-year-old white man presented with a 6-month history of a visual disturbance in his left eye. At presentation, ophthalmic assessment showed a combined hamartoma adjacent to his optic nerve that had caused marked corrugation within the inner retinal surface. An acquired vitelliform lesion was present in the macula with an associated epiretinal membrane as demonstrated on spectral-domain optical coherence tomography. Optical coherence tomography angiography corroborated the clinical diagnosis of combined hamartoma.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  We are not aware of previous cases of a combined hamartoma associated with an acquired vitelliform lesion. As previously proposed in acquired vitelliform lesions related to epiretinal membrane and vitreoretinal traction, we believe that macular tractional forces might interfere with retinal pigment epithelium phagocytosis of shed outer segments, leading to the occurrence of this acquired vitelliform lesion.
authors.affiliation: Vitreous-Retina-Macula Consultants of New York, 460 Park Avenue, Fifth Floor, New York, 10022 NY USA.|The LuEsther T. Mertz Retinal Research Center, Manhattan Eye Ear and Throat Hospital, New York, NY USA.|Department of Ophthalmology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY USA.
authors.forename: Bora
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Chae
authors.affiliation: Vitreous-Retina-Macula Consultants of New York, 460 Park Avenue, Fifth Floor, New York, 10022 NY USA.|The LuEsther T. Mertz Retinal Research Center, Manhattan Eye Ear and Throat Hospital, New York, NY USA.|Department of Ophthalmology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY USA.|Department of Ophthalmology, Edward S. Harkness Eye Institute, College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, NY USA.
authors.forename: Elona
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Dhrami-Gavazi
authors.affiliation: Vitreous-Retina-Macula Consultants of New York, 460 Park Avenue, Fifth Floor, New York, 10022 NY USA.|The LuEsther T. Mertz Retinal Research Center, Manhattan Eye Ear and Throat Hospital, New York, NY USA.
authors.forename: Kunal K
authors.initials: KK
authors.lastname: Dansingani
authors.affiliation: Vitreous-Retina-Macula Consultants of New York, 460 Park Avenue, Fifth Floor, New York, 10022 NY USA.|The LuEsther T. Mertz Retinal Research Center, Manhattan Eye Ear and Throat Hospital, New York, NY USA.|Department of Ophthalmology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY USA.|Department of Ophthalmology, Edward S. Harkness Eye Institute, College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, NY USA.
authors.forename: K Bailey
authors.initials: KB
authors.lastname: Freund
authors.affiliation: Department of Ophthalmology, Edward S. Harkness Eye Institute, College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, NY USA.
authors.forename: Winston
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.affiliation: Vitreous-Retina-Macula Consultants of New York, 460 Park Avenue, Fifth Floor, New York, 10022 NY USA.|The LuEsther T. Mertz Retinal Research Center, Manhattan Eye Ear and Throat Hospital, New York, NY USA.|Department of Ophthalmology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY USA.|Department of Ophthalmology, Edward S. Harkness Eye Institute, College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, NY USA.
authors.forename: Lawrence A
authors.initials: LA
authors.lastname: Yannuzzi
keywords: Combined hamartoma; Optical coherence tomography angiogram; Vitelliform lesion; Vitreo-macular traction