title: Expression of stem cell markers in oral cavity and oropharynx squamous cell carcinoma.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The aim of this study was to analyze the expression of CD24, CD44, CD133, ALDH1, CD29 (integrin-β1), and Ki-67 in squamous cell carcinoma of the oral cavity and oropharynx.
  
  
  METHODS
  Fifty-two tumors and 21 metastatic lymph nodes were evaluated by using immunohistochemistry.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Seven of 52 cases (13.5%) showed positive cytoplasmic staining of aldehyde dehydrogenase 1; integrin-β1 was expressed in 45 of 50 cases (90%); 30 of 52 cases (57.7%) had positive membranous staining of CD44; CD24 was expressed in 44 of 50 cases (88%); and three of 52 cases (5.8%) stained positively for membranous CD133. Median proliferation rate, measured by Ki-67, was 37.1% for tumors. Five-year cancer-specific survival rates for the CD44-negative and CD44-positive groups were 74% and 38%, respectively, although this difference did not reach statistical significance (P = .052).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our study demonstrated the expression of putative stem cell markers in squamous cell carcinoma of the oral cavity and oropharynx, with participation of CD44-positive cells in association with poor survival outcome.
authors.affiliation: International Research Center, AC Camargo Cancer Center, São Paulo, SP, Brazil; Department of Pathology, AC Camargo Cancer Center, São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
authors.forename: Flávia Paiva Prudente
authors.initials: FP
authors.lastname: de Moraes
authors.affiliation: Department of General Pathology, Dental School, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
authors.forename: Silvia Vanessa
authors.initials: SV
authors.lastname: Lourenço
authors.affiliation: International Research Center, AC Camargo Cancer Center, São Paulo, SP, Brazil; Department of Pathology, AC Camargo Cancer Center, São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
authors.forename: Renata Carolina Fraga
authors.initials: RC
authors.lastname: Ianez
authors.affiliation: International Research Center, AC Camargo Cancer Center, São Paulo, SP, Brazil; Department of Pathology, AC Camargo Cancer Center, São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
authors.forename: Elen Alves
authors.initials: EA
authors.lastname: de Sousa
authors.affiliation: International Research Center, AC Camargo Cancer Center, São Paulo, SP, Brazil; Department of Pathology, AC Camargo Cancer Center, São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
authors.forename: Marlon Messias da Conceição
authors.initials: MM
authors.lastname: Silva
authors.affiliation: International Research Center, AC Camargo Cancer Center, São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
authors.forename: Aline Santos
authors.initials: AS
authors.lastname: Damascena
authors.affiliation: Department of Head and Neck Surgery and Otorhinolaryngology, AC Camargo Cancer Center, São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
authors.forename: Luiz Paulo
authors.initials: LP
authors.lastname: Kowalski
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathology, AC Camargo Cancer Center, São Paulo, SP, Brazil; Department of General Pathology, Dental School, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
authors.forename: Fernando Augusto
authors.initials: FA
authors.lastname: Soares
authors.affiliation: International Research Center, AC Camargo Cancer Center, São Paulo, SP, Brazil; Department of Pathology, AC Camargo Cancer Center, São Paulo, SP, Brazil. Electronic address: ccamilo@cipe.accamargo.org.br.
authors.forename: Cláudia Malheiros
authors.initials: CM
authors.lastname: Coutinho-Camillo
mesh_terms: D000071916:AC133 Antigen / Q000378:metabolism; D000080924:Aldehyde Dehydrogenase 1 Family; D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor / Q000378:metabolism*; D051927:CD24 Antigen / Q000378:metabolism; D002294:Carcinoma, Squamous Cell / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D018960:Hyaluronan Receptors / Q000378:metabolism; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D019012:Integrin beta1 / Q000378:metabolism; D007527:Isoenzymes / Q000378:metabolism; D019394:Ki-67 Antigen / Q000378:metabolism; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009062:Mouth Neoplasms / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology; D009367:Neoplasm Staging; D009959:Oropharyngeal Neoplasms / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology; D050697:Retinal Dehydrogenase / Q000378:metabolism; D013234:Stem Cells / Q000378:metabolism*; D015996:Survival Rate
chemical_list: D000071916:AC133 Antigen; D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor; D051927:CD24 Antigen; C497889:CD24 protein, human; C497483:CD44 protein, human; D018960:Hyaluronan Receptors; D019012:Integrin beta1; D007527:Isoenzymes; D019394:Ki-67 Antigen; C000606023:PROM1 protein, human; D000080924:Aldehyde Dehydrogenase 1 Family; C510223:ALDH1A1 protein, human; D050697:Retinal Dehydrogenase