title: Different foveal schisis patterns in each retinal layer in eyes with hereditary juvenile retinoschisis evaluated by en-face optical coherence tomography.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To analyze the structures of schisis in eyes with hereditary juvenile retinoschisis using en-face optical coherence tomography (OCT) imaging.
  
  
  METHODS
  In this retrospective observational study, we reviewed the medical records of patients with hereditary juvenile retinoschisis who underwent comprehensive ophthalmic examinations including swept-source OCT.
  
  
  RESULTS
  OCT images were obtained from 16 eyes of nine boys (mean age ± standard deviation, 10.6 ± 4.0 years). The horizontal OCT images at the fovea showed inner nuclear layer (INL) schisis in one eye (6.3 %), ganglion cell layer (GCL) and INL schisis in 12 eyes (75.0 %), INL and outer plexiform layer (OPL) schisis in two eyes (12.5 %), and GCL, INL, and OPL schisis in one eye (6.3 %). En-face OCT images showed characteristic schisis patterns in each retinal layer, which were represented by multiple hyporeflective holes in the parafoveal region in the GCL, a spoke-like pattern in the foveal region, a reticular pattern in the parafoveal region in the INL, and multiple hyporeflective polygonal cavities with partitions in the OPL.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our results using en-face OCT imaging clarified different patterns of schisis formation among the GCL, INL, and OPL, which lead to further recognition of structure in hereditary juvenile retinoschisis.
authors.affiliation: Department of Ophthalmology and Laboratory for Visual Science, National Center for Child Health and Development, 2-10-1 Okura Setagaya-ku, Tokyo, 157-8535, Japan.
authors.forename: Tomoyo
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Yoshida-Uemura
authors.affiliation: Department of Ophthalmology and Laboratory for Visual Science, National Center for Child Health and Development, 2-10-1 Okura Setagaya-ku, Tokyo, 157-8535, Japan.|Department of Ophthalmology, The Jikei University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan.
authors.forename: Satoshi
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Katagiri
authors.affiliation: Department of Ophthalmology and Laboratory for Visual Science, National Center for Child Health and Development, 2-10-1 Okura Setagaya-ku, Tokyo, 157-8535, Japan.
authors.forename: Tadashi
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Yokoi
authors.affiliation: Department of Ophthalmology and Laboratory for Visual Science, National Center for Child Health and Development, 2-10-1 Okura Setagaya-ku, Tokyo, 157-8535, Japan.
authors.forename: Sachiko
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Nishina
authors.affiliation: Department of Ophthalmology and Laboratory for Visual Science, National Center for Child Health and Development, 2-10-1 Okura Setagaya-ku, Tokyo, 157-8535, Japan. azuma-n@ncchd.go.jp.
authors.forename: Noriyuki
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Azuma
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D005584:Fovea Centralis / Q000473:pathology*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D012165:Retinal Ganglion Cells / Q000473:pathology*; D041441:Retinoschisis / Q000151:congenital / Q000175:diagnosis*; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D041623:Tomography, Optical Coherence / Q000379:methods*; D014792:Visual Acuity
keywords: En-face optical coherence tomography; Ganglion cell layer; Inner nuclear layer; Outer nuclear layer; Retinoschisis; Swept-source optical coherence tomography