title: New and Repurposed Drugs for Pediatric Multidrug-Resistant Tuberculosis. Practice-based Recommendations.
abstract: It is estimated that 33,000 children develop multidrug-resistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB) each year. In spite of these numbers, children and adolescents have limited access to the new and repurposed MDR-TB drugs. There is also little clinical guidance for the use of these drugs and for the shorter MDR-TB regimen in the pediatric population. This is despite the fact that these drugs and regimens are associated with improved interim outcomes and acceptable safety profiles in adults. This review fills a gap in the pediatric MDR-TB literature by providing practice-based recommendations for the use of the new (delamanid and bedaquiline) and repurposed (linezolid and clofazimine) MDR-TB drugs and the new shorter MDR-TB regimen in children and adolescents.
authors.affiliation: 1 U.S. Military HIV Research Program, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, Maryland.
authors.forename: Elizabeth P
authors.initials: EP
authors.lastname: Harausz
authors.affiliation: 2 Desmond Tutu TB Centre, Department of Paediatrics and Child Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Cape Town, South Africa.
authors.forename: Anthony J
authors.initials: AJ
authors.lastname: Garcia-Prats
authors.affiliation: 3 Centre for International Child Health, Imperial College London, United Kingdom.
authors.forename: James A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Seddon
authors.affiliation: 2 Desmond Tutu TB Centre, Department of Paediatrics and Child Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Cape Town, South Africa.
authors.forename: H Simon
authors.initials: HS
authors.lastname: Schaaf
authors.affiliation: 2 Desmond Tutu TB Centre, Department of Paediatrics and Child Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Cape Town, South Africa.
authors.forename: Anneke C
authors.initials: AC
authors.lastname: Hesseling
authors.affiliation: 4 Manson Unit, Médecins Sans Frontières, London, United Kingdom.
authors.forename: Jay
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Achar
authors.affiliation: 5 Médecins Sans Frontières, Khayelitsha, South Africa.
authors.forename: Jonathan
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Bernheimer
authors.affiliation: 6 Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas.
authors.forename: Andrea T
authors.initials: AT
authors.lastname: Cruz
authors.affiliation: 7 Salvatore Maugeri Foundation, Tradate, Italy.|8 Public Health Consulting Group, Lugano, Switzerland.
authors.forename: Lia
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: D'Ambrosio
authors.affiliation: 9 United Nations Children's Fund, New York, New York.
authors.forename: Anne
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Detjen
authors.affiliation: 10 Centre for International Child Health, University of Melbourne Department of Paediatrics and Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Royal Children's Hospital, Melbourne, Australia.
authors.forename: Stephen M
authors.initials: SM
authors.lastname: Graham
authors.affiliation: 5 Médecins Sans Frontières, Khayelitsha, South Africa.
authors.forename: Jennifer
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Hughes
authors.affiliation: 11 Médecins Sans Frontières, Mumbai, India.
authors.forename: Sylvie
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Jonckheere
authors.affiliation: 12 Children's Hospital at Westmead, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia.
authors.forename: Ben J
authors.initials: BJ
authors.lastname: Marais
authors.affiliation: 7 Salvatore Maugeri Foundation, Tradate, Italy.
authors.forename: Giovanni Battista
authors.initials: GB
authors.lastname: Migliori
authors.affiliation: 13 Treatment Action Group, HIV/TB Project, New York, New York.
authors.forename: Lindsay
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: McKenna
authors.affiliation: 14 Republican Research and Practical Centre for Pulmonology and TB, Minsk, Belarus; and.
authors.forename: Alena
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Skrahina
authors.affiliation: 15 Unit of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, Alma Mater Studiorum-University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy.
authors.forename: Marina
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Tadolini
authors.affiliation: 16 Department of Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts; and.
authors.forename: Peyton
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Wilson
authors.affiliation: 17 Department of Global Health and Social Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts.
authors.forename: Jennifer
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Furin
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000995:Antitubercular Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D002648:Child; D006801:Humans; D017410:Practice Guidelines as Topic; D018088:Tuberculosis, Multidrug-Resistant / Q000188:drug therapy*
chemical_list: D000995:Antitubercular Agents
keywords: Mycobacterium tuberculosis; adolescent; child; multidrug-resistant tuberculosis; pediatric