title: Optic disc and peripapillary retinal nerve fiber layer characteristics associated with glaucomatous optic disc in young myopia.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To explore optic disc and peripapillary retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL) features associated with glaucomatous optic disc (GOD) in young myopia.
  
  
  METHODS
  Presence of GOD, optic disc tilt, and disc torsion were determined using fundus photographs. If the measured disc tilt ratio was >1.3, the optic disc was classified as tilted. Optic disc torsion was defined as a >15° deviation in the long axis of the optic disc from the vertical meridian. The average and four quadrants RNFL thicknesses were assessed using spectral domain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT). Logistic regression analyses were performed to identify factors associated with the presence of GOD.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Nine hundred and sixty myopic subjects were recruited from four refractive surgery clinic databases. The mean age was 26.6 ± 5.7 years and spherical equivalent (SE) was -5.5 ± 2.5 diopters. Among 960 eyes, 26 (2.7%) received GOD group classification. Among 934 normal eyes, 290 (31.0%) had titled optic discs. Eighteen eyes (69.2%) in the GOD group had tilted optic discs. When compared to normal eyes, the GOD group had significantly higher tilt ratios (1.4 ± 0.2 vs. 1.2 ± 0.1, p < 0.001) and less SE (-7.8 ± 2.7 vs. -5.4 ± 2.5 diopters, p < 0.001). Greater tilt ratio (odds ratio (OR) = 4.9, p < 0.001), less SE (OR = 0.708, p < 0.001), and thinner average RNFL (OR = 0.910, p = 0.001) were significantly associated with GOD. Among 934 normal eyes, 366 (39.2%) displayed disc torsion, while among 26 glaucomatous eyes, eight (30.8%) displayed disc torsion.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Optic disc tilt was found in approximately one-third of young myopic eyes and was independently associated with the presence of GOD.
authors.affiliation: Department of Ophthalmology, College of Medicine, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan, 388-1 Pungnap-2-dong, Songpa-gu, Seoul, 138-736, Korea.
authors.forename: Jong Eun
authors.initials: JE
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.affiliation: Department of Ophthalmology, College of Medicine, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan, 388-1 Pungnap-2-dong, Songpa-gu, Seoul, 138-736, Korea. sungeye@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Kyung Rim
authors.initials: KR
authors.lastname: Sung
authors.affiliation: Department of Ophthalmology, College of Medicine, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan, 388-1 Pungnap-2-dong, Songpa-gu, Seoul, 138-736, Korea.
authors.forename: Ji Min
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Park
authors.affiliation: Department of Ophthalmology, College of Medicine, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan, 388-1 Pungnap-2-dong, Songpa-gu, Seoul, 138-736, Korea.
authors.forename: Joo Young
authors.initials: JY
authors.lastname: Yoon
authors.affiliation: Eyereum Eye Clinic, Seoul, Korea.
authors.forename: Sung Yong
authors.initials: SY
authors.lastname: Kang
authors.affiliation: SU Yonsei Eye Clinic, Seoul, Korea.
authors.forename: Sung Bae
authors.initials: SB
authors.lastname: Park
authors.affiliation: Nunemiso Eye Clinic, Seoul, Korea.
authors.forename: Hyung Jin
authors.initials: HJ
authors.lastname: Koo
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D005260:Female; D005901:Glaucoma / Q000150:complications / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000503:physiopathology; D006801:Humans; D007429:Intraocular Pressure; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009216:Myopia / Q000150:complications / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000503:physiopathology; D009412:Nerve Fibers / Q000473:pathology*; D009898:Optic Disk / Q000473:pathology*; D009901:Optic Nerve Diseases / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000209:etiology / Q000503:physiopathology; D010781:Photography; D012029:Refraction, Ocular; D012165:Retinal Ganglion Cells / Q000473:pathology*; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D041623:Tomography, Optical Coherence / Q000379:methods*; D058609:Visual Field Tests; D014794:Visual Fields
keywords: Glaucoma; Myopia; Optic disc tilt; Optical coherence tomography; Retinal nerve fiber layer