title: In vitro and in vivo anti-inflammatory effects of theaflavin-3,3'-digallate on lipopolysaccharide-induced inflammation.
abstract: Inflammation is a defensive response against various harmful stimuli and stress conditions, such as tissue injury and one of the most common pathological processes occurring in human diseases. Theaflavin-3,3'-digallate, one of the theaflavins present in black tea, exhibits several bioactive properties, including the ability to lower the incidence of coronary heart disease, a positive effect on the bone mineral density, and the ability to prevent cancer. The aim of this study was to evaluate whether theaflavin-3,3'-digallate could reduce the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines in vivo and in vitro and ameliorate acute lung injury (ALI) in a mouse model. In this study, we demonstrated that theaflavin-3,3'-digallate suppressed the lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced phosphorylation of c-Jun N-terminal kinase and p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase in RAW 264.7 macrophages. In addition, we also showed that theaflavin-3,3'-digallate inhibited the expression of tumor necrosis factor alpha, interleukin -1 beta, and interleukin 6 in phorbol myristate acetate -primed U937 and RAW 264.7 cells. Furthermore, theaflavin-3,3'-digallate treatment attenuated the severity of LPS-induced ALI in mice. These results suggested that theaflavin-3,3'-digallate might be a potential therapeutic candidate for the treatment of inflammation and inflammatory diseases.
authors.affiliation: Guangzhou Jinan Biomedicine Research and Development Center, Institute of Biomedicine, College of Life Science and Technology, Jinan University, 510632 Guangzhou, PR China.
authors.forename: Yanting
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Wu
authors.affiliation: Guangzhou Jinan Biomedicine Research and Development Center, Institute of Biomedicine, College of Life Science and Technology, Jinan University, 510632 Guangzhou, PR China.
authors.forename: Fujun
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Jin
authors.affiliation: College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, 510632 Guangzhou, PR China.
authors.forename: Yiliang
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, 510632 Guangzhou, PR China.
authors.forename: Feng
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: Guangzhou Jinan Biomedicine Research and Development Center, Institute of Biomedicine, College of Life Science and Technology, Jinan University, 510632 Guangzhou, PR China.
authors.forename: Lu
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: Guangzhou Jinan Biomedicine Research and Development Center, Institute of Biomedicine, College of Life Science and Technology, Jinan University, 510632 Guangzhou, PR China.
authors.forename: Qiaoli
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: Guangzhou Jinan Biomedicine Research and Development Center, Institute of Biomedicine, College of Life Science and Technology, Jinan University, 510632 Guangzhou, PR China.
authors.forename: Zhe
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Ren
authors.affiliation: Guangzhou Jinan Biomedicine Research and Development Center, Institute of Biomedicine, College of Life Science and Technology, Jinan University, 510632 Guangzhou, PR China. Electronic address: twang-yf@163.com.
authors.forename: Yifei
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Wang
mesh_terms: D021581:Active Transport, Cell Nucleus / Q000187:drug effects; D000818:Animals; D000893:Anti-Inflammatory Agents / Q000494:pharmacology* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D044946:Biflavonoids / Q000494:pharmacology* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D002392:Catechin / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use; D045744:Cell Line, Tumor; D002467:Cell Nucleus / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D005786:Gene Expression Regulation / Q000187:drug effects; D006801:Humans; D007249:Inflammation / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000188:drug therapy; D053583:Interleukin-1beta / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D015850:Interleukin-6 / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D048031:JNK Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases / Q000378:metabolism; D008070:Lipopolysaccharides / Q000494:pharmacology*; D008168:Lung / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D020935:MAP Kinase Signaling System / Q000187:drug effects; D051379:Mice; D016328:NF-kappa B / Q000378:metabolism; D000067996:RAW 264.7 Cells; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D048051:p38 Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D000893:Anti-Inflammatory Agents; D044946:Biflavonoids; D053583:Interleukin-1beta; D015850:Interleukin-6; D008070:Lipopolysaccharides; D016328:NF-kappa B; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha; C585473:theaflavin-3,3'-digallate; D002392:Catechin; D048031:JNK Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases; D048051:p38 Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases
keywords: Acute lung injury; Inflammation; Theaflavin-3,3′-digallate Lipopolysaccharide; Theaflavins