title: Association between PSA Levels and Biomarkers of Subclinical Systemic Inflammation in Middle-Aged Healthy Men from the General Population.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  This study was aimed to determine the association between PSA levels and biomarkers of subclinical systemic inflammation based on data from 119 middle-aged healthy men from the general population.
  
  
  METHODS
  Serum levels of PSA and biomarkers of systemic inflammation (CRP and fibrinogen) were measured. Demographic data were also collected. Subjects were divided into two groups according to PSA levels; < 2 ng/ml and ≥ 2 ng/ml.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The mean (SD) age of men was 55 ± 4.0 years. We found a positive significant correlation between PSA and fibrinogen levels (r = 0.20, p = 0.04), and between CRP and fibrinogen levels (r = 0.60, p = 0.01). On the other hand, no significant correlation between PSA and CRP levels was found. Men with PSA values ≥ 2 ng/ml had significantly higher levels of fibrinogen as compared to those with PSA < 2 ng/ml (2.9 ng/ml vs. 2.4 ng/ml, p = 0.01). In a multivariate regression analysis model adjusted for the age of subjects, BMI, marital status, smoking, snuff, and alcohol intake with serum levels of PSA as a dependent variable, serum level of fibrinogen predicted higher PSA-values (odds ratio = 3.30, 95% CI = 1.05-10.20, p = 0.042).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The present results indicate that serum fibrinogen is a biomarker of subclinical systemic inflammation associated with PSA elevation among middle-aged healthy men from the general population.
authors.affiliation: Department of Translational Medicine, Division of Urological Research, Skåne University Hospital, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden.
authors.forename: Saad
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Elzanaty
authors.affiliation: Department of Internal Medicine, Skåne University Hospital, Lund, Sweden.
authors.forename: Babak
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Rezanezhad
authors.affiliation: Arrhythmia Clinic, Cardiology, Skåne University Hospital, Lund, Sweden.
authors.forename: Rasmus
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Borgquist
keywords: CRP; Fibrinogen; PSA; Prostate cancer; Systemic inflammation