title: Microbial biosensors to monitor the encapsulation effectiveness of Doxorubicin in chimeric advanced Drug Delivery Nano Systems: A calorimetric approach.
abstract: The release of the anticancer drug doxorubicin (DOX) incorporated in a new drug carrier, namely a chimeric nanosystem formed by liposomes and dendrimers, was studied following the influence of the drug on the growth kinetics of the Lactobacillus helveticus bacterium, that would mimic the intestinal microflora. The bacterial growth was followed at 37°C by means of Isothermal Titration Calorimetry (ITC) and the method was assessed to monitor the overall effect of the delivered drug obtaining simple objective parameters to define the encapsulation effectiveness of the system, discriminating dose effects even in cases of very low release. Traditional microbiological investigations and in vitro release tests were also performed in parallel for validation. The achieved results suggest that L. helveticus is an excellent candidate as biosensor to assess the sealing effectiveness of these DOX drug carriers through ITC investigations. This approach can be extended for quantitative comparison of drug delivery systems with the same drug inserted in other supramolecular bodies for quantitative comparison. The peculiar results for the DOX drug carrier system investigated, indicate also that, the use of hydrophilic dendrimers in this case, produce a high sealing effect that seems promising in terms of the intestinal flora protection.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, University of Athens, School of Pharmacy, Panepistimioupolis, Zografou, 15771, Athens, Greece.
authors.forename: Konstantinos
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Gardikis
authors.affiliation: Department of Food, Environmental and Nutritional Sciences (DeFENS), Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Celoria 2, 20133 Milano, Italy.
authors.forename: Marco
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Signorelli
authors.affiliation: Department of Food, Environmental and Nutritional Sciences (DeFENS), Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Celoria 2, 20133 Milano, Italy.
authors.forename: Chiara
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Ferrario
authors.affiliation: Department of Food, Environmental and Nutritional Sciences (DeFENS), Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Celoria 2, 20133 Milano, Italy.
authors.forename: Alberto
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Schiraldi
authors.affiliation: Department of Food, Environmental and Nutritional Sciences (DeFENS), Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Celoria 2, 20133 Milano, Italy.
authors.forename: Maria Grazia
authors.initials: MG
authors.lastname: Fortina
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, University of Athens, School of Pharmacy, Panepistimioupolis, Zografou, 15771, Athens, Greece.
authors.forename: Sophia
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Hatziantoniou
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, University of Athens, School of Pharmacy, Panepistimioupolis, Zografou, 15771, Athens, Greece.
authors.forename: Costas
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Demetzos
authors.affiliation: Department of Food, Environmental and Nutritional Sciences (DeFENS), Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Celoria 2, 20133 Milano, Italy. Electronic address: dimitrios.fessas@unimi.it.
authors.forename: Dimitrios
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Fessas
mesh_terms: D000903:Antibiotics, Antineoplastic / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology; D015374:Biosensing Techniques; D002151:Calorimetry; D050091:Dendrimers / Q000737:chemistry; D004317:Doxorubicin / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000494:pharmacology; D004337:Drug Carriers / Q000737:chemistry; D016503:Drug Delivery Systems; D065546:Drug Liberation; D057927:Hydrophobic and Hydrophilic Interactions; D052198:Lactobacillus helveticus / Q000378:metabolism; D008081:Liposomes; D053758:Nanoparticles
chemical_list: D000903:Antibiotics, Antineoplastic; D050091:Dendrimers; D004337:Drug Carriers; D008081:Liposomes; C522260:PAMAM G3.5 dendrimer; D004317:Doxorubicin
keywords: Dendrimers; Doxorubicin; Drug delivery; Isothermal titration calorimetry (ITC); Lactobacillus helveticus; Liposomes