title: Life-course socio-economic status and adult BMI in Ghana; analysis of the WHO study on global ageing and adult health (SAGE).
abstract: Obesity rates have continued to increase over time globally, resulting in an increase in the burden of obesity-associated chronic diseases. There is a paucity of research on the association between obesity and generational changes in socio-economic status (SES) in developing countries like Ghana, and therefore a critical need to better understand within-country differences in obesity and its association with SES over the life-course.
  
  
  
  Data from a nationally representative sample of adult women in Ghana was used to examine the association between life-course SES and adult body mass index (BMI). Life-course SES was defined based on changes in the employment and education status of both parents and the study participant. Survey weighted multivariable linear regression models were used to examine the association between individual and life-course SES in relation to BMI.
  
  
  
  Participants with higher SES over their life course, that is, both the participant and her father had at least a primary education (both > = primary vs. both < primary: BMI 27.2 vs. 24.1), and both were employed (both employed vs. both unemployed: BMI 26.5 vs. 24.4) had higher BMI compared with participants with lower SES over their life course.
  
  
  
  Higher individual and life-course SES is associated with higher BMI among women in Ghana, although maternal employment was associated with lower BMI.
authors.affiliation: Department of Epidemiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, 35294-0022, USA. tomiakin@uab.edu.|Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA. tomiakin@uab.edu.
authors.forename: Tomi F
authors.initials: TF
authors.lastname: Akinyemiju
authors.affiliation: Department of Epidemiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, 35294-0022, USA.
authors.forename: Xueyan
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Zhao
authors.affiliation: Department of Epidemiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, 35294-0022, USA.
authors.forename: Swati
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Sakhuja
authors.affiliation: Department of Epidemiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, 35294-0022, USA.
authors.forename: Pauline
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Jolly
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000367:Age Factors; D015992:Body Mass Index; D005260:Female; D005869:Ghana; D006304:Health Status; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D009765:Obesity / Q000453:epidemiology*; D012923:Social Class; D012959:Socioeconomic Factors; D014944:World Health Organization
keywords: BMI; Ghana; Life-course; Obesity; Socioeconomic status