title: New endoscopic procedures for diabetes mellitus type 2 and obesity treatment.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Obesity continues to be a growing epidemic worldwide. Obese patients have severe comorbidities that make risky and technically demanding the execution of bariatric surgery from both surgical and anesthetic point of view; therefore, the focus of bariatric surgeons is increasingly moving towards minimally invasive, endoscopic techniques.
  
  
  METHODS
  The present review presents and discusses recent endoscopic techniques employed in obesity treatment, their features and results.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Endoscopic treatment can be primary or revisional; we can mainly divide the endoscopic devices into five categories: space-occupying devices, restrictive procedures, bypass liner, aspiration therapy and endoscopic revision of gastric bypass for dilated gastric pouch.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Endoscopic treatments for obesity are promising techniques for selected patients but each procedure should be tailored on the patient in a multimodal approach.
authors.affiliation: Department of General Surgery, Endocrine Surgery Center, University of Insubria Varese, Varese, Italy.
authors.forename: Francesco
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Frattini
authors.affiliation: Department of General Surgery, Endocrine Surgery Center, University of Insubria Varese, Varese, Italy.
authors.forename: Giacomo
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Borroni
authors.affiliation: Department of General Surgery, Endocrine Surgery Center, University of Insubria Varese, Varese, Italy.
authors.forename: Matteo
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Lavazza
authors.affiliation: Division of Thyroid Surgery, Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Surgical Translational Medicine, Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130033, China.
authors.forename: Xiaoli
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, Division of Breast and Endocrine Surgery, Minimally Invasive Surgery and Robotic Surgery Center, KUMC Thyroid Center Korea University, Anam Hospital, Seoul, Korea.
authors.forename: Hoon Yub
authors.initials: HY
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.affiliation: The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510630, China.
authors.forename: Renbin
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.affiliation: The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510630, China.
authors.forename: Angkoon
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Anuwong
authors.affiliation: Department of General Surgery, Endocrine Surgery Center, University of Insubria Varese, Varese, Italy.
authors.forename: Stefano
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Rausei
authors.affiliation: Department of General Surgery, Endocrine Surgery Center, University of Insubria Varese, Varese, Italy.
authors.forename: Gianlorenzo
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Dionigi
keywords: Endoscopy; bariatric surgery; obesity; weight loss