title: Deep Brain Stimulation in Posttraumatic Tremor: A Series of Cases and Literature Review.
abstract: Posttraumatic tremor (PTT) is the most frequent movement disorder secondary to cranioencephalic trauma and can be persistent and disabling.
  
  
  
  We review and assess the efficacy of deep brain stimulation (DBS) at the VIM/VOP/ZI (ventralis intermedius/ventrooralis posterior/zona incerta) complex level for the treatment of PTT.
  
  
  
  During the period from 1999 to 2014, 5 patients diagnosed with PTT were selected who had experienced a major deterioration in their quality of life without improvement during medical treatment for more than 1 year. They underwent surgery for DBS at the VIM/VOP/ZI complex level, and the modified tremor scale before and after surgery was used for their follow-up.
  
  
  
  Each patient showed improvements in their symptoms after DBS compared with baseline, which was moderate (II) in 2 cases and marked (III) in the other cases. All of the improvements were maintained with chronic DBS, without tremor rebound.
  
  
  
  Stimulation of the contralateral VIM/VOP/ZI complex resulted in a noticeable improvement in tremor and recovery of independence in basic daily activities in patients with PTT.
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurosurgery, Ramon y Cajal University Hospital, Madrid, Spain.
authors.forename: Luis Mariano
authors.initials: LM
authors.lastname: Rojas-Medina
authors.forename: Lucia
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Esteban-Fernández
authors.forename: Victor
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Rodríguez-Berrocal
authors.forename: Marta
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Del Álamo de Pedro
authors.forename: Luis
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Ley Urzaiz
authors.forename: Ignacio Regidor
authors.initials: IR
authors.lastname: Bailly-Baillere
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000070642:Brain Injuries, Traumatic / Q000150:complications / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000601:surgery*; D046690:Deep Brain Stimulation / Q000379:methods* / Q000639:trends; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D009069:Movement Disorders / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000209:etiology / Q000601:surgery*; D014202:Tremor / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000209:etiology / Q000601:surgery*; D055815:Young Adult