title: Leadership behavior changes following a theory-based leadership development intervention: A longitudinal study of subordinates' and leaders' evaluations.
abstract: The aim was to evaluate effects of leadership courses based on the developmental leadership model at the leadership behavioral level. A longitudinal design was employed with assessments before, one and six months after the leadership courses. The sample consisted of 59 leaders who made self-ratings and were rated by at least three subordinates on each occasion. Leadership behaviors were measured with the Developmental Leadership Questionnaire (DLQ). A limited increase of favorable leadership behaviors and a significant reduction of unfavorable leadership behaviors were found, particularly according to the subordinates' ratings. A cluster analysis yielded three meaningful leader profiles and showed that this pattern was found in all three profiles, irrespective of how favorably they were rated before the onset of the intervention.
authors.affiliation: Swedish Defence University, Karlstad, Sweden.|Hedmark University College, Elverum, Norway.
authors.forename: Gerry
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Larsson
authors.affiliation: Karolinska Institutet, Stockholn, Sweden.
authors.forename: Christer
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Sandahl
authors.affiliation: Karolinska Institutet, Stockholn, Sweden.
authors.forename: Teresa
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Söderhjelm
authors.affiliation: Norwegian University of Technology and Science, Trondheim, Norway.
authors.forename: Endre
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Sjövold
authors.affiliation: Swedish Defence University, Karlstad, Sweden.
authors.forename: Ann
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Zander
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007318:Inservice Training; D007398:Interpersonal Relations; D007857:Leadership; D008137:Longitudinal Studies; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D024382:Professional Role; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires
keywords: Development Leadership Questionnaire (DLQ); Leadership development; longitudinal; theory-based intervention