title: Total steroid and terpenoid enriched fraction from Euphorbia neriifolia Linn offers protection against nociceptive-pain, inflammation, and in vitro arthritis model: An insight of mechanistic study.
abstract: The plant Euphorbia neriifolia Linn has been successfully used for the management of acute inflammatory, arthritic, nociceptive pain and relieves the asthmatic symptom as a tribal folk medicine in India. The present study was conducted to evaluate the anti-inflammatory, analgesic, anti-arthritic activity from total steroid and terpenoid rich fractions derived from hydro-alcoholic extract of Euphorbia neriifolia stem (STF-HAENS). STF-HAENS fraction demonstrated 68.58±2.5% and 75.25±5.1% protection against acetic acid-induced pain and central neuropathic pain at 80mg/kg. It also showed 98.47% protection against acute inflammation at 100mg/kg with 1.7 fold higher protective activity than the standard drug. The fraction exhibited this efficacy via inhibition of proinflammatory cytokines TNF-α, IFN-γ, IL-12 and IL-6 by 74%, 81.26%, 92.10% and 93.4% respectively at 100μg/ml. It also showed dual inhibition of cyclooxygenase (COX) and lipooxygenase (LOX) activity in a dose-dependent manner that elicited the desired pharmacological action. The fraction downregulated nitric-oxide production from lipopolysaccharide (LPS) stimulated PBMC derived macrophages. The spectrophotometric analysis reveals the STF-HAENS induced ameliorative effect against heat-induced denaturation of BSA protein and exhibited significant antiproteinase activity. Our findings suggest that STF-HAENS could be used as an effective safe therapeutic agent for treatment of nociceptive pain, acute inflammation and arthritis.
authors.affiliation: Dr. B.C. Roy College of Pharmacy and A.H.S., Durgapur 71320, India; Assam University, Silchar (A Central University), Dept. of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Silchar -788011, Assam, India. Electronic address: itspartha_p@yahoo.com.
authors.forename: Partha
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Palit
authors.affiliation: Pharmacognosy and Phytotherapy Research Laboratory, Division of Pharmacognosy, Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Jadavpur University, Kolkata 700032, India.
authors.forename: Subhash C
authors.initials: SC
authors.lastname: Mandal
authors.affiliation: National Institute of Technology, Agartala, Department of Bioengineering, Agartala, India.
authors.forename: Biswanath
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Bhunia
mesh_terms: D019342:Acetic Acid; D000700:Analgesics / Q000032:analysis / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use* / Q000633:toxicity; D000818:Animals; D000893:Anti-Inflammatory Agents / Q000032:analysis / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use* / Q000633:toxicity; D001092:Arachidonate 12-Lipoxygenase / Q000378:metabolism; D001168:Arthritis / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000473:pathology; D002351:Carrageenan; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D016207:Cytokines / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000378:metabolism; D028481:Euphorbia; D005260:Female; D006358:Hot Temperature; D006801:Humans; D008070:Lipopolysaccharides / Q000494:pharmacology; D008168:Lung / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D008264:Macrophages / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D008297:Male; D009569:Nitric Oxide / Q000378:metabolism; D052247:Nitric Oxide Synthase Type II / Q000378:metabolism; D059226:Nociceptive Pain / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000188:drug therapy*; D064209:Phytochemicals / Q000032:analysis / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use / Q000633:toxicity; D008517:Phytotherapy; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000032:analysis / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use* / Q000633:toxicity; D018547:Plant Stems; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D013256:Steroids / Q000032:analysis / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use / Q000633:toxicity; D013729:Terpenes / Q000032:analysis / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use / Q000633:toxicity
chemical_list: D000700:Analgesics; D000893:Anti-Inflammatory Agents; D016207:Cytokines; D008070:Lipopolysaccharides; D064209:Phytochemicals; D010936:Plant Extracts; D013256:Steroids; D013729:Terpenes; D009569:Nitric Oxide; D002351:Carrageenan; D001092:Arachidonate 12-Lipoxygenase; D052247:Nitric Oxide Synthase Type II; C496317:Nos2 protein, mouse; D019342:Acetic Acid
keywords: Cyclooxygenase; Euphorbia neriifolia; Lipooxygenase; Nitric-oxide; Nociceptive-pain; Pro-inflammatory cytokine