title: Peel of araticum fruit (Annona crassiflora Mart.) as a source of antioxidant compounds with α-amylase, α-glucosidase and glycation inhibitory activities.
abstract: Annona crassiflora Mart., whose fruit is popularly known as araticum, is a member of the Annonaceae family found in the Brazilian Cerrado. Although this plant has several medicinal uses, its bioactive molecules are not fully understood. A bioguided assay was performed to identify the main bioactive compounds of A. crassiflora fruit peel from the ethanol extract fractions with antioxidant capacity and α-amylase, α-glucosidase and glycation inhibitory activities. Ethyl acetate and n-butanol fractions showed, respectively, higher antioxidant capacity (DPPH IC501.5±0.1 and 0.8±0.1μgmL-1, ORAC 3355±164 and 2714±79μmoltroloxeq/g, and FRAP 888±16 and 921±9μmoltroloxeq/g) and inhibitory activities against α-amylase (IC504.5±0.8 and 1.7±0.3μgmL-1), α-glucosidase (IC50554.5±158.6 and 787.8±140.6μgmL-1) and glycation (IC5014.3±3.3 and 16.0±4.2μgmL-1), and lower cytotoxicity, compared to the other fractions and crude ethanol extract. The HPLC-ESI-MS/MS analysis identified various biomolecules known as potent antioxidants, such as chlorogenic acid, (epi)catechin, procyanidins, caffeoyl-hexosides, quercetin-glucosides and kaempferol. The fruit peel of A. crassiflora, a specie from Cerrado, the Brazilian Savanna, provided a source of antioxidant compounds with properties to block carbohydrate digestive enzymes and formation of glycation products. Thus, there is potential to use the by-products of araticum in order to identify and isolate phytochemicals for application in nutraceutical supplements, food additives and pharmaceuticals products.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Genetics and Biochemistry - Federal University of Uberlândia, Av. Pará, 1720, 38400-902 Uberlândia, MG, Brazil.
authors.forename: Allisson B
authors.initials: AB
authors.lastname: Justino
authors.affiliation: Institute of Genetics and Biochemistry - Federal University of Uberlândia, Av. Pará, 1720, 38400-902 Uberlândia, MG, Brazil.
authors.forename: Mariana N
authors.initials: MN
authors.lastname: Pereira
authors.affiliation: Institute of Genetics and Biochemistry - Federal University of Uberlândia, Av. Pará, 1720, 38400-902 Uberlândia, MG, Brazil.
authors.forename: Danielle D
authors.initials: DD
authors.lastname: Vilela
authors.affiliation: Institute of Genetics and Biochemistry - Federal University of Uberlândia, Av. Pará, 1720, 38400-902 Uberlândia, MG, Brazil.
authors.forename: Leonardo G
authors.initials: LG
authors.lastname: Peixoto
authors.affiliation: Institute of Chemistry - Federal University of Uberlândia, Av. João Naves de Ávila, 2121, 38408-100 Uberlândia, MG, Brazil.
authors.forename: Mário M
authors.initials: MM
authors.lastname: Martins
authors.affiliation: Institute of Genetics and Biochemistry - Federal University of Uberlândia, Av. Pará, 1720, 38400-902 Uberlândia, MG, Brazil.
authors.forename: Renata R
authors.initials: RR
authors.lastname: Teixeira
authors.affiliation: Institute of Biomedical Sciences - Federal University of Uberlândia, Av. Pará, 1720, 38400-902 Uberlândia, MG, Brazil.
authors.forename: Natália C
authors.initials: NC
authors.lastname: Miranda
authors.affiliation: Institute of Biomedical Sciences - Federal University of Uberlândia, Av. Pará, 1720, 38400-902 Uberlândia, MG, Brazil.
authors.forename: Neide M
authors.initials: NM
authors.lastname: da Silva
authors.affiliation: Institute of Chemistry - Federal University of Uberlândia, Av. João Naves de Ávila, 2121, 38408-100 Uberlândia, MG, Brazil.
authors.forename: Raquel M F
authors.initials: RM
authors.lastname: de Sousa
authors.affiliation: Institute of Chemistry - Federal University of Uberlândia, Av. João Naves de Ávila, 2121, 38408-100 Uberlândia, MG, Brazil.
authors.forename: Alberto
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: de Oliveira
authors.affiliation: Institute of Genetics and Biochemistry - Federal University of Uberlândia, Av. Pará, 1720, 38400-902 Uberlândia, MG, Brazil. Electronic address: foued@ufu.br.
authors.forename: Foued S
authors.initials: FS
authors.lastname: Espindola
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D031041:Annona / Q000737:chemistry*; D000975:Antioxidants / Q000737:chemistry / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000494:pharmacology*; D002470:Cell Survival / Q000187:drug effects; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors / Q000737:chemistry / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000494:pharmacology*; D005347:Fibroblasts / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism; D005638:Fruit / Q000737:chemistry*; D051379:Mice; D041681:NIH 3T3 Cells; D013329:Structure-Activity Relationship; D000516:alpha-Amylases / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors* / Q000378:metabolism; D000520:alpha-Glucosidases / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D000975:Antioxidants; D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors; D000516:alpha-Amylases; D000520:alpha-Glucosidases
keywords: Annonaceae; Fruit peel; Glycation; Natural products; Phenolic compounds; Starch hydrolase