title: Effects of a 12-week, short-interval, intermittent, low-intensity, slow-jogging program on skeletal muscle, fat infiltration, and fitness in older adults: randomized controlled trial.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  We developed a short-interval, low-intensity, slow-jogging (SJ) program consisting of sets of 1 min of SJ at walking speed and 1 min of walking. We aimed to examine the effects of an easily performed SJ program on skeletal muscle, fat infiltration, and fitness in older adults.
  
  
  METHODS
  A total of 81 community-dwelling, independent, older adults (70.8 ± 4.0 years) were randomly assigned to the SJ or control group. The SJ group participants were encouraged to perform 90 min of SJ at their anaerobic threshold (AT) intensity and 90 min of walking intermittently per week. Aerobic capacity at the AT and sit-to-stand (STS) scores were measured. Intracellular water (ICW) in the legs was assessed by segmental multi-frequency bioelectrical impedance analysis. Subcutaneous (SAT) and intermuscular (IMAT) adipose tissue and muscle cross-sectional area (CSA) were measured at the mid-thigh using computed tomography.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A total of 75 participants (37 SJ group, 38 controls) completed the 12-week intervention. The AT and STS improved in the SJ group compared with the controls (AT 15.7 vs. 4.9 %, p < 0.01; STS 12.9 vs. 4.5 %, p < 0.05). ICW in the upper leg increased only in the SJ group (9.7 %, p < 0.05). SAT and IMAT were significantly decreased only in the SJ group (p < 0.01).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The 12-week SJ program was easily performed by older adults with low skeletal muscle mass, improved aerobic capacity, muscle function, and muscle composition in older adults.
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Exercise Physiology, Faculty of Sports and Health Science, Fukuoka University, 8-19-1 Nanakuma, Jonan-ku, Fukuoka, 814-0180, Japan.
authors.forename: Masahiro
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Ikenaga
authors.affiliation: National Institute of Health and Nutrition, Tokyo, Japan.
authors.forename: Yosuke
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Yamada
authors.affiliation: Graduate School of Sports and Health Science, Fukuoka University, Fukuoka, Japan.
authors.forename: Yujiro
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Kose
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Exercise Physiology, Faculty of Sports and Health Science, Fukuoka University, 8-19-1 Nanakuma, Jonan-ku, Fukuoka, 814-0180, Japan.
authors.forename: Kazuhiro
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Morimura
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Exercise Physiology, Faculty of Sports and Health Science, Fukuoka University, 8-19-1 Nanakuma, Jonan-ku, Fukuoka, 814-0180, Japan.
authors.forename: Yasuki
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Higaki
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Exercise Physiology, Faculty of Sports and Health Science, Fukuoka University, 8-19-1 Nanakuma, Jonan-ku, Fukuoka, 814-0180, Japan.
authors.forename: Akira
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Kiyonaga
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Exercise Physiology, Faculty of Sports and Health Science, Fukuoka University, 8-19-1 Nanakuma, Jonan-ku, Fukuoka, 814-0180, Japan. htanaka@fukuoka-u.ac.jp.
authors.forename: Hiroaki
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Tanaka
mesh_terms: D000273:Adipose Tissue / Q000502:physiology*; D000368:Aged; D015308:Anaerobic Threshold; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007590:Jogging / Q000502:physiology*; D008297:Male; D018482:Muscle, Skeletal / Q000502:physiology*; D010809:Physical Fitness
keywords: Aerobic capacity; Jogging; Muscle composition; Muscle hypertrophy; Randomized controlled trial