title: Sustained Effectiveness of the Maternal Pertussis Immunization Program in England 3 Years Following Introduction.
abstract: The effectiveness of maternal immunization in preventing infant pertussis was first demonstrated in England, 1 year after the program using diphtheria-tetanus-5-component acellular pertussis-inactivated polio vaccine (dT5aP-IPV) was introduced in 2012. Vaccine effectiveness against laboratory-confirmed pertussis has been sustained >90% in the 3 years following its introduction, despite changing to another acellular vaccine with different antigen composition. Consistent with this, disease incidence in infants <3 months of age has remained low despite high activity persisting in those aged 1 year and older. Vaccine effectiveness against infant deaths was estimated at 95% (95% confidence interval, 79%-100%). Additional protection from maternal immunization is retained in infants who received their first dose of the primary series. There is no longer evidence of additional protection from maternal vaccination after the third infant dose. Although numbers are small and ongoing assessment is required, there is no evidence of increased risk of disease after primary immunization in infants whose mothers received maternal vaccination.
authors.affiliation: Immunisation, Hepatitis and Blood Safety Department.
authors.forename: Gayatri
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Amirthalingam
authors.affiliation: Immunisation, Hepatitis and Blood Safety Department.
authors.forename: Helen
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Campbell
authors.affiliation: Immunisation, Hepatitis and Blood Safety Department.
authors.forename: Sonia
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Ribeiro
authors.affiliation: Respiratory and Vaccine Preventable Bacterial Reference Unit.
authors.forename: Norman K
authors.initials: NK
authors.lastname: Fry
authors.affiliation: Immunisation, Hepatitis and Blood Safety Department.
authors.forename: Mary
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Ramsay
authors.affiliation: Immunisation, Hepatitis and Blood Safety Department.
authors.forename: Elizabeth
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Miller
authors.affiliation: Statistics, Modelling and Economics Department, Public Health England, London, United Kingdom.
authors.forename: Nick
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Andrews
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D015721:Diphtheria-Tetanus-Pertussis Vaccine / Q000276:immunology*; D004739:England / Q000453:epidemiology; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D017589:Immunization Programs; D007115:Immunization Schedule; D015994:Incidence; D007223:Infant; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D008297:Male; D018811:Maternal Exposure; D009026:Mortality; D017063:Outcome Assessment, Health Care; D011159:Population Surveillance; D014611:Vaccination; D014917:Whooping Cough / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000401:mortality / Q000517:prevention & control*
chemical_list: D015721:Diphtheria-Tetanus-Pertussis Vaccine
keywords: maternal pertussis vaccination; vaccine effectiveness