title: Inferring contemporary and historical genetic connectivity from juveniles.
abstract: Measuring population connectivity is a critical task in conservation biology. While genetic markers can provide reliable long-term historical estimates of population connectivity, scientists are still limited in their ability to determine contemporary patterns of gene flow, the most practical time frame for management. Here, we tackled this issue by developing a new approach that only requires juvenile sampling at a single time period. To demonstrate the usefulness of our method, we used the Speartooth shark (Glyphis glyphis), a critically endangered species of river shark found only in tropical northern Australia and southern Papua New Guinea. Contemporary adult and juvenile shark movements, estimated with the spatial distribution of kin pairs across and within three river systems, was contrasted with historical long-term connectivity patterns, estimated from mitogenomes and genome-wide SNP data. We found strong support for river fidelity in juveniles with the within-cohort relationship analysis. Male breeding movements were highlighted with the cross-cohort relationship analysis, and female reproductive philopatry to the river systems was revealed by the mitogenomic analysis. We show that accounting for juvenile river fidelity and female philopatry is important in population structure analysis and that targeted sampling in nurseries and juvenile aggregations should be included in the genomic toolbox of threatened species management.
authors.affiliation: CSIRO Oceans and Atmosphere, Castray Esplanade, Hobart, TAS, 7000, Australia.|Research Institute for the Environment and Livelihoods, Charles Darwin University, Ellengowan Drive, Darwin, NT, 0909, Australia.
authors.forename: Pierre
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Feutry
authors.affiliation: CSIRO Oceans & Atmosphere Indian Ocean Marine Research Centre, The University of Western Australia, M097, 35 Stirling Highway, Crawley, WA, 6009, Australia.
authors.forename: Oliver
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Berry
authors.affiliation: Research Institute for the Environment and Livelihoods, Charles Darwin University, Ellengowan Drive, Darwin, NT, 0909, Australia.
authors.forename: Peter M
authors.initials: PM
authors.lastname: Kyne
authors.affiliation: CSIRO Oceans and Atmosphere, 41 Boggo Road, Dutton Park, QLD, 4102, Australia.
authors.forename: Richard D
authors.initials: RD
authors.lastname: Pillans
authors.affiliation: CSIRO Oceans and Atmosphere, Castray Esplanade, Hobart, TAS, 7000, Australia.
authors.forename: Richard M
authors.initials: RM
authors.lastname: Hillary
authors.affiliation: CSIRO Oceans and Atmosphere, Castray Esplanade, Hobart, TAS, 7000, Australia.
authors.forename: Peter M
authors.initials: PM
authors.lastname: Grewe
authors.affiliation: Menzies Institute for Medical Research, University of Tasmania, 17 Liverpool Street, Hobart, TAS, 7000, Australia.
authors.forename: James R
authors.initials: JR
authors.lastname: Marthick
authors.affiliation: Department of Primary Industry and Fisheries, Aquatic Resource Research Unit, GPO Box 3000, Darwin , NT, 0801, Australia.
authors.forename: Grant
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Johnson
authors.affiliation: CSIRO Oceans and Atmosphere, Castray Esplanade, Hobart, TAS, 7000, Australia.
authors.forename: Rasanthi M
authors.initials: RM
authors.lastname: Gunasekera
authors.affiliation: CSIRO Oceans and Atmosphere, Castray Esplanade, Hobart, TAS, 7000, Australia.|Institute for Marine and Antarctic Science, University of Tasmania, Private Bag 129, Hobart, TAS, 7001, Australia.
authors.forename: Nicholas J
authors.initials: NJ
authors.lastname: Bax
authors.affiliation: CSIRO Oceans and Atmosphere, Castray Esplanade, Hobart, TAS, 7000, Australia.
authors.forename: Mark
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Bravington
mesh_terms: D063147:Animal Distribution; D000818:Animals; D001315:Australia; D003247:Conservation of Natural Resources; D056727:Endangered Species; D005260:Female; D051456:Gene Flow; D005828:Genetics, Population; D054629:Genome, Mitochondrial; D008297:Male; D010219:Papua New Guinea; D020641:Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide; D012754:Sharks / Q000235:genetics*
keywords: 
  Glyphis glyphis
  ; conservation biology; kinship; marine dispersal; philopatry; population structure; threatened species