title: Use of B-Mode Ultrasound as a Body Fat Estimate in Collegiate Football Players.
abstract: Hyde, PN, Kendall, KL, Fairman, CM, Coker, NA, Yarbrough, ME, and Rossi, SJ. Utilization of B-mode ultrasound as a body fat estimate in collegiate football players. J Strength Cond Res 30(12): 3525-3530, 2016-The purpose of the present study was to validate a 7-site ultrasound imaging protocol to predict the percent body fat (%BF) in a division I football team. Body composition was estimated by ultrasound, 7-site skinfolds, and the 3-compartment-water (3C-W) model of Siri, using bioimpedance spectroscopy to estimate the total body water and air displacement plethysmography (using BODPOD) to determine the body density. Pearson's product-moment correlation analyses were run to determine correlations between ΣUltrasound and the criterion 3C-W, and between the ΣSkinfold and ΣUltrasound. Strong positive correlations were observed between ΣSkinfold and ΣUltrasound (r = 0.984; p < 0.001). Furthermore, a strong positive correlation was observed between ΣUltrasound and %BF from 3C-W (r = 0.878; p < 0.001). Based on the significant correlation analysis, a linear regression equation was developed to predict the %BF from ΣUltrasound, using %BF from the 3C-W model as the dependent variable: %BF = 6.194 + (0.096 × ΣUltrasound); standard error of the estimate (SEE) = 2.97%. Cross-validation analyses were performed using an independent sample of 29 players. The mean observed %BF from the 3C-W model and the mean predicted %BF were 18.32 ± 6.26% and 18.78 ± 6.22%, respectively. The constant error, SEE, and validity coefficient (r) were 0.87%, 2.64%, and 0.91%, respectively. The total error was 2.87%. The positive relationship between ultrasound measurements and the 3C-W model suggests that ultrasound imaging may be a practical alternative to predicting %BF in division I football players.
authors.affiliation: 1Department of Health and Kinesiology, College of Education and Human Ecology, Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio; 2Bodybuilding.com, Boise, Idaho; 3Human Performance Laboratory, School of Health and Kinesiology, Georgia Southern University, Statesboro, Georgia.
authors.forename: Parker N
authors.initials: PN
authors.lastname: Hyde
authors.forename: Kristina L
authors.initials: KL
authors.lastname: Kendall
authors.forename: Ciaran M
authors.initials: CM
authors.lastname: Fairman
authors.forename: Nicholas A
authors.initials: NA
authors.lastname: Coker
authors.forename: Mary E
authors.initials: ME
authors.lastname: Yarbrough
authors.forename: Steve J
authors.initials: SJ
authors.lastname: Rossi
mesh_terms: D056352:Athletes; D001823:Body Composition; D001834:Body Water; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D005538:Football; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D010992:Plethysmography, Impedance; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D012885:Skinfold Thickness; D050151:Subcutaneous Fat / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D014463:Ultrasonography; D055815:Young Adult