title: Action mechanism and cardiovascular effect of anthocyanins: a systematic review of animal and human studies.
abstract: Cardiovascular diseases (CVD) are an important cause of death worldwide. Anthocyanins are a subgroup of flavonoids found in berries, flowers, fruits and leaves. In epidemiological and clinical studies, these polyphenols have been associated with improved cardiovascular risk profiles as well as decreased comorbidities. Human intervention studies using berries, vegetables, parts of plants and cereals (either fresh or as juice) or purified anthocyanin-rich extracts have demonstrated significant improvements in low density lipoproteins oxidation, lipid peroxidation, total plasma antioxidant capacity, and dyslipidemia as well as reduced levels of CVD molecular biomarkers. This review discusses the use of anthocyanins in animal models and their applications in human medicine, as dietary supplements or as new potent drugs against cardiovascular disease.
authors.affiliation: School of Pharmacy, Health Science Institute, Federal University of Pará/UFPA, Belém, PA, 66075900, Brazil.
authors.forename: Jordano Ferreira
authors.initials: JF
authors.lastname: Reis
authors.affiliation: School of Pharmacy, Health Science Institute, Federal University of Pará/UFPA, Belém, PA, 66075900, Brazil.
authors.forename: Valter Vinicius Silva
authors.initials: VV
authors.lastname: Monteiro
authors.affiliation: Pharmaceutical Science Post-Graduation Program, Health Science Institute, Federal University of Pará/UFPA, Belém, PA, 66075900, Brazil.
authors.forename: Rafaelli
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: de Souza Gomes
authors.affiliation: School of Pharmacy, Health Science Institute, Federal University of Pará/UFPA, Belém, PA, 66075900, Brazil.
authors.forename: Matheus Moraes
authors.initials: MM
authors.lastname: do Carmo
authors.affiliation: Pharmaceutical Science Post-Graduation Program, Health Science Institute, Federal University of Pará/UFPA, Belém, PA, 66075900, Brazil.
authors.forename: Glauber Vilhena
authors.initials: GV
authors.lastname: da Costa
authors.affiliation: School of Pharmacy, Health Science Institute, Federal University of Pará/UFPA, Belém, PA, 66075900, Brazil.
authors.forename: Paula Cardoso
authors.initials: PC
authors.lastname: Ribera
authors.affiliation: Pharmaceutical Science Post-Graduation Program, Health Science Institute, Federal University of Pará/UFPA, Belém, PA, 66075900, Brazil. martachagas2@yahoo.com.br.
authors.forename: Marta Chagas
authors.identifier: 0000-0002-3328-5650
authors.initials: MC
authors.lastname: Monteiro
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000872:Anthocyanins / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D000975:Antioxidants / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000378:metabolism; D002318:Cardiovascular Diseases / Q000188:drug therapy; D002319:Cardiovascular System / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000473:pathology; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D006801:Humans
chemical_list: D000872:Anthocyanins; D000975:Antioxidants; D015415:Biomarkers
keywords: Animal models; Anthocyanins; Cardiovascular disease; Human study; Oxidative stress; Polyphenols