title: Epidemiology and Genetic Risk Factors of Drug Hepatotoxicity.
abstract: Idiosyncratic drug-induced liver injury (DILI) from prescription medications and herbal and dietary supplements has an annual incidence rate of approximately 20 cases per 100,000 per year. However, the risk of DILI varies greatly according to the drug. In the United States and Europe, antimicrobials are the commonest implicated agents, with amoxicillin/clavulanate the most common, whereas in Asian countries, herbal and dietary supplements predominate. Genetic analysis of DILI is currently limited, but multiple polymorphisms of human leukocyte antigen genes and genes involved in drug metabolism and transport have been identified as risk factors for DILI.
authors.affiliation: Division of Liver Diseases, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, 1 Gustave L. Levy Place, Box 1104, New York, NY 10029, USA. Electronic address: jawad.ahmad@mountsinai.org.
authors.forename: Jawad
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Ahmad
authors.affiliation: Division of Liver Diseases, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, 1 Gustave L. Levy Place, Box 1104, New York, NY 10029, USA.
authors.forename: Joseph A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Odin
mesh_terms: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects; D000894:Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects; D056486:Chemical and Drug Induced Liver Injury / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000209:etiology / Q000235:genetics*; D019587:Dietary Supplements / Q000009:adverse effects; D064420:Drug-Related Side Effects and Adverse Reactions / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000503:physiopathology; D005060:Europe / Q000453:epidemiology; D005260:Female; D020022:Genetic Predisposition to Disease / Q000453:epidemiology*; D014943:Global Health; D006801:Humans; D015994:Incidence; D038622:Internationality; D008099:Liver / Q000187:drug effects*; D008297:Male; D004364:Pharmaceutical Preparations / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D012307:Risk Factors; D014481:United States / Q000453:epidemiology; D014944:World Health Organization
chemical_list: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents; D000894:Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal; D004364:Pharmaceutical Preparations
keywords: Drug-induced liver injury (DILI); Epidemiology; Genetics