title: Gender Differences in Performance Predictions: Evidence from the Cognitive Reflection Test.
abstract: This paper studies performance predictions in the 7-item Cognitive Reflection Test (CRT) and whether they differ by gender. After participants completed the CRT, they predicted their own (i), the other participants' (ii), men's (iii), and women's (iv) number of correct answers. In keeping with existing literature, men scored higher on the CRT than women and both men and women were too optimistic about their own performance. When we compare gender-specific predictions, we observe that men think they perform significantly better than other men and do so significantly more than women. The equality between women's predictions about their own performance and their female peers cannot be rejected. Our findings contribute to the growing literature on the underpinnings of behavior in economics and in psychology by uncovering gender differences in confidence about one's ability relative to same and opposite sex peers.
authors.affiliation: Social and Behavioral Approaches to Global Problems, Kiel Institute for the World Economy Kiel, Germany.
authors.forename: Patrick
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Ring
authors.affiliation: Social and Behavioral Approaches to Global Problems, Kiel Institute for the World Economy Kiel, Germany.
authors.forename: Levent
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Neyse
authors.affiliation: Medical Sciences Division, Department of Experimental Psychology, University of Oxford Oxford, UK.
authors.forename: Tamas
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: David-Barett
authors.affiliation: Social and Behavioral Approaches to Global Problems, Kiel Institute for the World EconomyKiel, Germany; Department of Economics, University of KielKiel, Germany; Department of Economics and Econometrics, University of JohannesburgJohannesburg, South Africa.
authors.forename: Ulrich
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: Schmidt
keywords: Cognitive Reflection Test; competition; gender difference; intra-gender competition; overconfidence; performance prediction