title: Objective Voice Analysis of Pediatric Cochlear Implant Recipients and Comparison With Hearing Aids Users and Hearing Controls.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Phonation is influenced by hearing as a feedback mechanism. The purpose of the present study was to compare selected acoustic parameters in children using cochlear implants (CIs), those using hearing aids (HA), and their normal-hearing (NH) peers.
  
  
  METHODS
  The participants were 15 children using CI (mean age: 72 months), 15 children using HA (mean age: 74 months), and 15 NH children (mean age: 77 months). The vowel /a/ was produced to measure perturbation and mean fundamental frequency. The six Persian vowels in /CbVCd/ were obtained to extract vowel duration. Data were analyzed by one-way analysis of variance.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Results revealed a statistically significant difference between the NH group and the HA group regarding fundamental frequency (F2,51= 3.443, P < 0.05), jitter local (F2,51= 1.629, P < 0.05), jitter local absolute (F2,51= 6.519, P < 0.001), jitter rap (F2,51= 7.151, P < 0.001), jitter ppq5 (F2,51= 5.894, P < 0.001), shimmer local (%) (F2,51= 8.070, P < 0.001), shimmer local (dB) (F2,51= 3.884, P < 0.05), shimmer apq3 (F2,51= 4.926, P < 0.05), shimmer apq5 (F2,51= 8.442, P < 0.001), and harmonic-to-noise ratio (F2,51= 4.117, P < 0.001). The mean values of the duration of all six vowels were significantly greater in children with CI and HA than in NH children (P < 0.001).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  It seems that after 8 months of using CI, auditory control of voice production would be enabled. Furthermore, children with hearing impairment potentially regard vowel sound duration as a distinguishing feature, whereas in NH speakers, the duration has the least effect in vowel identification.
authors.affiliation: Department of Speech Therapy, University of Social Welfare and Rehabilitation Sciences, Tehran, Iran. Electronic address: soniajafary11@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Narges
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Jafari
authors.affiliation: Department of Ear, Nose, Throat, Head and Neck Research Center, Hazrat-e-Rasoul Hospital, Tehran, Iran.
authors.forename: Farzad
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Izadi
authors.affiliation: Department of Speech Therapy, University of Social Welfare and Rehabilitation Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
authors.forename: Abolfazl
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Salehi
authors.affiliation: Otolaryngology Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Science, Tehran, Iran.
authors.forename: Payman
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Dabirmoghaddam
authors.affiliation: Department of Speech Therapy, University of Social Welfare and Rehabilitation Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
authors.forename: Fariba
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Yadegari
authors.affiliation: Department of Nursing, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
authors.forename: Abbas
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Ebadi
authors.affiliation: Department of Physiotherapy, School of Rehabilitation, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
authors.forename: Saeed Talebian
authors.initials: ST
authors.lastname: Moghadam
mesh_terms: D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D003054:Cochlear Implants; D005260:Female; D006310:Hearing Aids; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D010699:Phonation; D013061:Speech Acoustics; D014833:Voice Quality
keywords: Cochlear implant; Harmonic-to-noise ratio; Hearing aid; Jitter, shimmer, fundamental frequency; Vowel duration