title: Experience-Driven Differences in Childhood Cortisol Predict Affect-Relevant Brain Function and Coping in Adolescent Monozygotic Twins.
abstract: Stress and emotion involve diverse developmental and individual differences. Partially attributed to the development of the prefrontal cortex (PFC), the amygdala, and hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis, the precise genetic and experiential contributions remain unknown. In previous work, childhood basal cortisol function predicted adolescent resting-state functional connectivity (rs-FC) and psychopathology. To parse experience-driven (non-genetic) contributions, we investigated these relations with a monozygotic (MZ) twin design. Specifically, we examined whether intrapair differences in childhood afternoon cortisol levels predicted cotwin differences in adolescent brain function and coping. As expected, intrapair differences in childhood cortisol forecast amygdala-perigenual PFC rs-FC (R2= 0.84, FWE-corrected p = 0.01), and amygdala recovery following unpleasant images (R2= 0.40, FWE-corrected p < 0.05), such that the cotwin with higher childhood cortisol evinced relatively lower rs-FC and poorer amygdala recovery in adolescence. Cotwin differences in amygdala recovery also predicted coping styles. These data highlight experience-dependent change in childhood and adolescence.
authors.affiliation: Center for Healthy Minds at the Waisman Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 1500 Highland Avenue, Madison, WI, 53705, USA.|Waisman Laboratory for Brain Imaging and Behavior, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 1500 Highland Avenue, Madison, WI 53705, USA.
authors.forename: Cory A
authors.initials: CA
authors.lastname: Burghy
authors.affiliation: Center for Healthy Minds at the Waisman Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 1500 Highland Avenue, Madison, WI, 53705, USA.|Waisman Laboratory for Brain Imaging and Behavior, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 1500 Highland Avenue, Madison, WI 53705, USA.
authors.forename: Michelle E
authors.initials: ME
authors.lastname: Fox
authors.affiliation: Department of Medical Physics, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 1111 Highland Avenue, Madison, WI, 53705, USA.
authors.forename: M Daniela
authors.initials: MD
authors.lastname: Cornejo
authors.affiliation: Center for Healthy Minds at the Waisman Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 1500 Highland Avenue, Madison, WI, 53705, USA.|Waisman Laboratory for Brain Imaging and Behavior, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 1500 Highland Avenue, Madison, WI 53705, USA.
authors.forename: Diane E
authors.initials: DE
authors.lastname: Stodola
authors.affiliation: Center for Healthy Minds at the Waisman Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 1500 Highland Avenue, Madison, WI, 53705, USA.|Waisman Laboratory for Brain Imaging and Behavior, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 1500 Highland Avenue, Madison, WI 53705, USA.
authors.forename: Sasha L
authors.initials: SL
authors.lastname: Sommerfeldt
authors.affiliation: Center for Healthy Minds at the Waisman Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 1500 Highland Avenue, Madison, WI, 53705, USA.|Waisman Laboratory for Brain Imaging and Behavior, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 1500 Highland Avenue, Madison, WI 53705, USA.
authors.forename: Cecilia A
authors.initials: CA
authors.lastname: Westbrook
authors.affiliation: Waisman Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 1500 Highland Avenue, Madison, WI 53705, USA.
authors.forename: Carol
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Van Hulle
authors.affiliation: Center for Healthy Minds at the Waisman Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 1500 Highland Avenue, Madison, WI, 53705, USA.|Waisman Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 1500 Highland Avenue, Madison, WI 53705, USA.
authors.forename: Nicole L
authors.initials: NL
authors.lastname: Schmidt
authors.affiliation: Waisman Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 1500 Highland Avenue, Madison, WI 53705, USA.|Department of Psychology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 1202 West Johnson Street, Madison, WI 53706-1969, USA.
authors.forename: H Hill
authors.initials: HH
authors.lastname: Goldsmith
authors.affiliation: Center for Healthy Minds at the Waisman Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 1500 Highland Avenue, Madison, WI, 53705, USA.|Waisman Laboratory for Brain Imaging and Behavior, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 1500 Highland Avenue, Madison, WI 53705, USA.|Department of Psychology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 1202 West Johnson Street, Madison, WI 53706-1969, USA.|Department of Psychiatry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 6001 Research Park Blvd., Madison, WI 53719, USA.
authors.forename: Richard J
authors.initials: RJ
authors.lastname: Davidson
authors.affiliation: Department of Medical Physics, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 1111 Highland Avenue, Madison, WI, 53705, USA.|Department of Psychiatry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 6001 Research Park Blvd., Madison, WI 53719, USA.
authors.forename: Rasmus M
authors.initials: RM
authors.lastname: Birn
mesh_terms: D000223:Adaptation, Psychological; D000293:Adolescent; D000339:Affect / Q000502:physiology*; D000679:Amygdala / Q000502:physiology*; D001931:Brain Mapping; D002648:Child; D005260:Female; D059647:Gene-Environment Interaction; D006801:Humans; D006854:Hydrocortisone / Q000378:metabolism*; D008137:Longitudinal Studies; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging; D008297:Male; D013315:Stress, Psychological / Q000235:genetics; D014430:Twins, Monozygotic
chemical_list: D006854:Hydrocortisone