title: Sarniensine, a mesembrine-type alkaloid isolated from Nerine sarniensis, an indigenous South African Amaryllidaceae, with larvicidal and adulticidal activities against Aedes aegypti.
abstract: A new mesembrine-type alkaloid, named sarniensine, was isolated together with tazettine, lycorine, the main alkaloid, and 3-epimacronine from Nerine sarniensis, with the last two produced for the first time by this plant. This Amaryllidaceae, which is indigenous of South Africa, was investigated for its alkaloid content, because the organic extract of its bulbs showed strong larvicidal activity with an LC50value of 0.008μgμL-1against first instar Aedes aegypti larvae and with an LD50value 4.6μg/mosquito against adult female Ae. aegypti, which is the major vector for dengue, yellow fever and the Zika virus. The extract did not show repellency at MED value of 0.375mgcm2against adult Ae. aegypti. Sarniensine was characterized using spectroscopic and chiroptical methods as (3aR,4Z,6S,7aS)-6-methoxy-3a-(2'-methoxymethyl-benzo [1,3]dioxol-1'-yl)-1-methyl-2,3,3a,6,7,7a-hexahydro-1H-indole. It was less effective against larva at the lowest concentration of 0.1μgμL-1, however it showed strong adulticidal activity with an LD50value of 1.38±0.056μgmosquito-1.
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Naples "Federico II", Complesso Universitario Monte S. Angelo, Via Cintia 4, 80126 Napoli, Italy.
authors.forename: Marco
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Masi
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry and Polymer Science, University of Stellenbosch, Private Bag X1, Matieland, 7602 Stellenbosch, South Africa.
authors.forename: Alet E
authors.initials: AE
authors.lastname: van der Westhuyzen
authors.affiliation: Department of Entomology and Nematology, Emerging Pathogens Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA; USDA-ARS, Center for Medical, Agricultural, and Veterinary Entomology, Gainesville, FL 32608, USA.
authors.forename: Nurhayat
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Tabanca
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Naples "Federico II", Complesso Universitario Monte S. Angelo, Via Cintia 4, 80126 Napoli, Italy.
authors.forename: Marco
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Evidente
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Naples "Federico II", Complesso Universitario Monte S. Angelo, Via Cintia 4, 80126 Napoli, Italy.
authors.forename: Alessio
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Cimmino
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry and Polymer Science, University of Stellenbosch, Private Bag X1, Matieland, 7602 Stellenbosch, South Africa.
authors.forename: Ivan R
authors.initials: IR
authors.lastname: Green
authors.affiliation: USDA-ARS, Center for Medical, Agricultural, and Veterinary Entomology, Gainesville, FL 32608, USA.
authors.forename: Ulrich R
authors.initials: UR
authors.lastname: Bernier
authors.affiliation: USDA-ARS, Center for Medical, Agricultural, and Veterinary Entomology, Gainesville, FL 32608, USA.
authors.forename: James J
authors.initials: JJ
authors.lastname: Becnel
authors.affiliation: Department of Entomology and Nematology, Emerging Pathogens Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA.
authors.forename: Jeffrey R
authors.initials: JR
authors.lastname: Bloomquist
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry and Polymer Science, University of Stellenbosch, Private Bag X1, Matieland, 7602 Stellenbosch, South Africa.
authors.forename: Willem A L
authors.initials: WA
authors.lastname: van Otterlo
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Naples "Federico II", Complesso Universitario Monte S. Angelo, Via Cintia 4, 80126 Napoli, Italy. Electronic address: evidente@unina.it.
authors.forename: Antonio
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Evidente
mesh_terms: D000330:Aedes; D000070378:Amaryllidaceae / Q000737:chemistry*; D047151:Amaryllidaceae Alkaloids / Q000737:chemistry / Q000302:isolation & purification; D000818:Animals; D026121:Indole Alkaloids / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000302:isolation & purification; D007306:Insecticides / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000302:isolation & purification; D007814:Larva; D015394:Molecular Structure; D010617:Phenanthridines / Q000737:chemistry / Q000302:isolation & purification; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000737:chemistry*; D018517:Plant Roots / Q000737:chemistry
chemical_list: C462105:3-epimacronine; D047151:Amaryllidaceae Alkaloids; D026121:Indole Alkaloids; D007306:Insecticides; D010617:Phenanthridines; D010936:Plant Extracts; C000613486:sarniensine; C011361:tazettine; C011300:mesembrine; C015330:lycorine
keywords: Aedes aegypti; Amaryllidaceae alkaloids; Larvicide and adulticide activities; Natural pesticide; Nerine sarniensis; Sarniensine