title: Laparoscopic management of urachal cysts.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The urachus and the urachal remnants represent a failure in the obliteration of the allantois at birth that connects the bladder to the umbilicus. After birth it obliterates and presents as the midline umbilical ligament. Urachal cyst are the most common urachal anomaly in the pediatric population. The traditional surgical approach is a semicircular infraumbilical incision or a lower midline laparotomy.
  
  
  METHODS
  In a 10 years period at Pediatric Surgery Department of Vicenza 16 children were diagnosed with urachal anomalies presenting as abdominal or urinary symptoms. Eight underwent open excision; eight were treated by laparoscopic surgery. The average age was 5.5 years (range, 4 months-13 years) in open group and 10 years (range, 1 month-18 years) in laparoscopic group.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Mean operative time was 63 minutes (range, 35-105 minutes) in open group, 50 minutes (range, 35-90 minutes) in laparoscopic group. There were no postoperative complications. The patients of laparoscopic group were all discharged after few days (range, 2-4 days). Pathological examination confirmed a benign urachal remnant in all cases. Reporting our experience since comparing the two surgical approaches we want to describe the technique step by step of laparoscopic urachal cyst excision as minimally invasive diagnostic and surgical techniques.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Laparoscopy represents a useful alternative for the management of persistent or infected urachus, in particular when there's the suspect despite the lack of radiological evidence. The morbidity associated with this approach is very low as the risk or recurrence. Laparoscopy in the management of urachal cyst is safe effective and ensures good cosmesis with all the advantages of minimally invasive approach.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatric Surgery and Pediatric Minimally Invasive Surgery and New Technologies, San Bortolo Hospital, Vicenza, Italy.
authors.forename: Salvatore Fabio
authors.initials: SF
authors.lastname: Chiarenza
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatric Surgery and Pediatric Minimally Invasive Surgery and New Technologies, San Bortolo Hospital, Vicenza, Italy.
authors.forename: Cosimo
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Bleve
keywords: Urachal cyst; laparoscopy; urachal remnant; urachal sinus; urachus