title: The Influence of Solid Microneedles on the Transdermal Delivery of Selected Antiepileptic Drugs.
abstract: The aim of this project was to examine the effect of microneedle rollers on the percutaneous penetration of tiagabine hydrochloride and carbamazepine across porcine skin in vitro. Liquid chromatography-mass spectrometric analysis was carried out using an Agilent 1200 Series HPLC system coupled to an Agilent G1969A TOF-MS system. Transdermal flux values of the drugs were determined from the steady-state portion of the cumulative amount versus time curves. Following twelve hours of microneedle roller application, there was a 6.74-fold increase in the percutaneous penetration of tiagabine hydrochloride (86.42 ± 25.66 µg/cm²/h) compared to passive delivery (12.83 ± 6.30 µg/cm²/h). For carbamazepine in 20% ethanol, passive transdermal flux of 7.85 ± 0.60 µg/cm²/h was observed compared to 10.85 ± 0.11 µg/cm²/h after microneedle treatment. Carbamazepine reconstituted in 30% ethanol resulted in only a 1.19-fold increase in drug permeation across porcine skin (36.73 ± 1.83 µg/cm²/h versus 30.74 ± 1.32 µg/cm²/h). Differences in flux values of untreated and microneedle-treated porcine skin using solid microneedles for the transdermal delivery of tiagabine were statistically significant. Although there were 1.38- and 1.19-fold increases in transdermal flux values of carbamazepine when applied as 20% and 30% ethanol solutions across microneedle-treated porcine skin, respectively, the increases were not statistically significant.
authors.affiliation: College of Pharmacy, Touro University California, Mare Island-Vallejo, CA 94592, USA. julia.nguyen@tu.edu.
authors.forename: Julia
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Nguyen
authors.affiliation: College of Pharmacy, Touro University California, Mare Island-Vallejo, CA 94592, USA. kevin.ita@tu.edu.
authors.forename: Kevin B
authors.initials: KB
authors.lastname: Ita
authors.affiliation: Department of Plant, Soil and Entomological Sciences, University of Idaho, Moscow, ID 83844, USA. mmorra@uidaho.edu.
authors.forename: Matthew J
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Morra
authors.affiliation: Department of Plant, Soil and Entomological Sciences, University of Idaho, Moscow, ID 83844, USA. ipopova@uidaho.edu.
authors.forename: Inna E
authors.initials: IE
authors.lastname: Popova
keywords: carbamazepine; epilepsy; microneedles; tiagabine hydrochloride; transdermal drug delivery