title: A Theoretical and Empirical Integrated Method to Select the Optimal Combined Signals for Geometry-Free and Geometry-Based Three-Carrier Ambiguity Resolution.
abstract: Twelve GPS Block IIF satellites, out of the current constellation, can transmit on three-frequency signals (L1, L2, L5). Taking advantages of these signals, Three-Carrier Ambiguity Resolution (TCAR) is expected to bring much benefit for ambiguity resolution. One of the research areas is to find the optimal combined signals for a better ambiguity resolution in geometry-free (GF) and geometry-based (GB) mode. However, the existing researches select the signals through either pure theoretical analysis or testing with simulated data, which might be biased as the real observation condition could be different from theoretical prediction or simulation. In this paper, we propose a theoretical and empirical integrated method, which first selects the possible optimal combined signals in theory and then refines these signals with real triple-frequency GPS data, observed at eleven baselines of different lengths. An interpolation technique is also adopted in order to show changes of the AR performance with the increase in baseline length. The results show that the AR success rate can be improved by 3% in GF mode and 8% in GB mode at certain intervals of the baseline length. Therefore, the TCAR can perform better by adopting the combined signals proposed in this paper when the baseline meets the length condition.
authors.affiliation: International Doctoral Innovation Center, The University of Nottingham Ningbo China, 199 Taikang East Road, Ningbo 315100, China. Dongsheng.Zhao@nottingham.edu.cn.|Department of Civil Engineering, The University of Nottingham Ningbo China, 199 Taikang East Road, Ningbo 315100, China. Dongsheng.Zhao@nottingham.edu.cn.
authors.forename: Dongsheng
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Zhao
authors.affiliation: Department of Civil Engineering, The University of Nottingham Ningbo China, 199 Taikang East Road, Ningbo 315100, China. Gethin.Roberts@nottingham.ac.uk.|Nottingham Geospatial Institute, The University of Nottingham, Triumph Road, Nottingham NG72TU, UK. Gethin.Roberts@nottingham.ac.uk.
authors.forename: Gethin Wyn
authors.initials: GW
authors.lastname: Roberts
authors.affiliation: Department of Civil Engineering, The University of Nottingham Ningbo China, 199 Taikang East Road, Ningbo 315100, China. Lawrence.Lau@nottingham.edu.cn.
authors.forename: Lawrence
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Lau
authors.affiliation: Department of Civil Engineering, The University of Nottingham Ningbo China, 199 Taikang East Road, Ningbo 315100, China. Craig.Hancock@nottingham.edu.cn.
authors.forename: Craig M
authors.initials: CM
authors.lastname: Hancock
authors.affiliation: School of Computer Science, The University of Nottingham Ningbo China, 199 Taikang East Road, Ningbo 315100, China. Ruibin.Bai@nottingham.edu.cn.
authors.forename: Ruibin
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Bai
keywords: GPS; ambiguity resolution; geometry-based; geometry-free; real data; triple-frequency observations