title: Burning mouth syndrome and associated factors: A case-control retrospective study.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Burning mouth syndrome (BMS) can be defined as burning pain or dysesthesia on the tongue and/or other sites of the oral mucosa without a causative identifiable lesion. The discomfort is usually of daily recurrence, with a higher incidence among people aged 50 to 60 years, affecting mostly the female sex and diminishing their quality of life. The aim of this study was to evaluate the association between several pathogenic factors and burning mouth syndrome.
  
  
  METHODS
  736 medical records of patients diagnosed of burning mouth syndrome and 132 medical records for the control group were studied retrospectively. The study time span was from January 1990 to December 2014. The protocol included: sex, age, type of oral discomfort and location, among other factors.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Analysis of the association between pathogenic factors and BMS diagnosis revealed that only 3 factors showed a statistically significant association: triggers (P=.003), parafunctional habits (P=.006), and oral hygiene (P=.012). There were neither statistically significant differences in BMS incidence between sex groups (P=.408) nor association of BMS with the pathogenic factors of substance abuse (P=.915), systemic pathology (P=.685), and dietary habits (P=.904).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Parafunctional habits like bruxism and abnormal movements of tongue and lips can explain the BMS main symptomatology. Psychological aspects and systemic factors should be always considered. As a multifactorial disorder, the treatment of BMS should be executed in a holistic way.
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Odontoestomatología, Campus Universitario de Bellvitge , L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, España. Electronic address: echimenos@ub.edu.
authors.forename: Eduardo
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Chimenos-Küstner
authors.affiliation: Escuela de Odontología, Universidad de Barcelona, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, España.
authors.forename: Fiorella
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: de Luca-Monasterios
authors.affiliation: Escuela de Odontología, Universidad de Barcelona, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, España.
authors.forename: Mayra
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Schemel-Suárez
authors.affiliation: Escuela de Odontología, Universidad de Barcelona, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, España.
authors.forename: María E
authors.initials: ME
authors.lastname: Rodríguez de Rivera-Campillo
authors.affiliation: Facultad de Biología, Universidad de Barcelona, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, España.
authors.forename: Alejandro M
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Pérez-Pérez
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Odontoestomatología, Campus Universitario de Bellvitge , L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, España.
authors.forename: José
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: López-López
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D002054:Burning Mouth Syndrome / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000209:etiology*; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012307:Risk Factors
keywords: Ansiedad; Anxiety; Ardor bucal; Bruxism; Bruxismo; Burning mouth; Dolor; Pain; Syndrome; Síndrome