title: Margins of tolerance and reference values for the formant vowels for use in voice therapy for the deaf in commercial computer.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  This study presents the margins of minimum and maximum tolerances for the frequencies of the first three formants (F1, F2, and F3) in the pronunciation of vowels of Brazilian Portuguese for use in voice therapy for the deaf.
  
  
  METHODS
  The frequencies were obtained from the voluntary collaboration of 53 adults who had their voices recorded and converted into digital signals during the phonation of each of the seven vowels (/a/, /e/, /Ɛ/, /i/, /o/, /ᴐ/, /u/) sustained for approximately one second. The samples were divided into two groups: male and female. The recording and extraction of the formants were conducted by software developed exclusively for this purpose in MATLAB platform using the eight-coefficient LPC (Linear Predictive Coding) algorithm.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The results showed that a consistent reference for the mean values of the F1, F2, and F3 frequencies can be obtained through graphical and statistical analysis of the samples collected from the voice signals.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The reference values obtained were analyzed and can be used for the calibration of devices and serve as a basis for training oralization for the deaf.
authors.affiliation: Instituto Federal de São Paulo - IFSP - Bragança Paulista (SP), Brasil.
authors.forename: André Luis Maciel
authors.initials: AL
authors.lastname: Leme
authors.affiliation: Universidade Estadual Paulista - UNESP - Guaratinguetá (SP), Brasil.|Universidade de Taubaté - UNITAL - Taubaté (SP), Brasil.
authors.forename: Márcio Abud
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Marcelino
authors.affiliation: Universidade de Taubaté - UNITAL - Taubaté (SP), Brasil.
authors.forename: Pedro Paulo Leite do
authors.initials: PP
authors.lastname: Prado
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001938:Brazil; D003201:Computers; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007802:Language; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D019986:Persons with Hearing Disabilities / Q000534:rehabilitation*; D010699:Phonation; D012016:Reference Values; D012815:Signal Processing, Computer-Assisted / Q000295:instrumentation*; D013018:Sound Spectrography; D013061:Speech Acoustics; D014832:Voice Disorders / Q000628:therapy*; D014833:Voice Quality; D014834:Voice Training; D055815:Young Adult