title: Value of calcium and phosphate in a bicarbonate-containing platelet additive solution with low plasma levels in maintaining key in vitro platelet storage parameters.
abstract: Use of recently developed platelet (PLT) additive solutions (PAS) with 5% plasma levels may reduce the frequency and/or severity of transfusion reactions attributed to plasma. PLTs suspended in bicarbonate-containing PAS-5 with 5% plasma levels can maintain key PLT parameters during 7-day storage. This study evaluates the role of calcium and phosphate, as constituents of PAS-5, in maintaining PLT parameters.
  
  
  
  An Amicus apheresis PLT unit (n = 13) was equally divided into four 60-mL aliquots in CF-250 polyolefin bags. Four different formulations of PAS-5 were prepared: PAS-5, PAS-5 without phosphate (-PO4), PAS-5 without calcium (-Ca), and PAS-5 without Ca and phosphate (-Ca/-PO4). PLTs were centrifuged, and the supernatant was expressed and replaced with the respective PAS, yielding PLTs suspended in 95% PAS and 5% plasma. PLTs were stored at 20 to 24ºC with agitation for 7 days. PLT in vitro parameters were evaluated on Days 1, 5, and 7.
  
  
  
  In PLT PAS-5 aliquots, pH levels were maintained better compared with those in -Ca and -Ca/-PO4aliquots. Glycolysis was greater in -Ca and -Ca/-PO4PLT aliquots compared with PAS-5 aliquots. Hypotonic stress response and morphology were less and p-selectin (CD62P) binding was greater in -Ca/-PO4PLT aliquots. The accumulation of reactive oxygen species was greater in -Ca/-PO4PLTs. Phosphorylation of p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) was greater in -Ca and -Ca/-PO4PLT aliquots during storage.
  
  
  
  The removal of calcium and phosphate from PAS-5 leads to the activation of p38 MAPK and deterioration of key PLT storage parameters.
authors.affiliation: American Red Cross Biomedical Services, Holland Laboratory, Rockville, Maryland.
authors.forename: Andrey
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Skripchenko
authors.affiliation: American Red Cross Biomedical Services, Holland Laboratory, Rockville, Maryland.
authors.forename: Annette
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Turgeon
authors.affiliation: American Red Cross Biomedical Services, Holland Laboratory, Rockville, Maryland.
authors.forename: Dedeene
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Thompson-Montgomery
authors.affiliation: American Red Cross Biomedical Services, Holland Laboratory, Rockville, Maryland.
authors.forename: Helen
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Awatefe
authors.affiliation: American Red Cross Biomedical Services, Holland Laboratory, Rockville, Maryland.
authors.forename: Stephen J
authors.initials: SJ
authors.lastname: Wagner
mesh_terms: D001639:Bicarbonates / Q000494:pharmacology*; D001792:Blood Platelets / Q000166:cytology / Q000378:metabolism*; D001793:Blood Preservation; D002118:Calcium / Q000494:pharmacology*; D005260:Female; D006019:Glycolysis / Q000187:drug effects; D006801:Humans; D006863:Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; D020935:MAP Kinase Signaling System / Q000187:drug effects; D008297:Male; D010710:Phosphates / Q000494:pharmacology*; D010949:Plasma; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species / Q000378:metabolism; D013997:Time Factors; D048051:p38 Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D001639:Bicarbonates; D010710:Phosphates; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species; D048051:p38 Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases; D002118:Calcium