title: Size Distribution of Chlorinated Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons in Atmospheric Particles.
abstract: The particle size distribution of chlorinated polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (ClPAHs) in particulate matter (PM) in Japan is examined for the first time. PM was collected using a PM0.1air sampler with a six-stage filter. PM was collected in October 2014 and January 2015 to observe potential seasonal variation in the atmospheric behavior and size of PM, including polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and ClPAHs. We found that the concentration of PAHs and ClPAHs between 0.5-1.0 μm and 1.0-2.5 μm markedly increase in January (i.e., the winter season). Among the ClPAHs, 1-ClPyrene and 6-ClBenzo[a]Pyrene were the most commonly occurring compounds; further, approximately 15% of ClPAHs were in the nanoparticle phase (<0.1 μm). The relatively high presence of nanoparticles is a potential human health concern because these particles can easily be deposited in the lung periphery. Lastly, we evaluated the aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) ligand activity of PM extracts in each size fraction. The result indicates that PM < 2.5 μm has the strong AhR ligand activity.
authors.affiliation: Osaka Prefectural Institute of Public Health, 1-3-69, Nakamichi, Higashinari-ku, Osaka, 537-0025, Japan. knkakimoto@iph.pref.osaka.jp.|Institute of Medical, Pharmaceutical and Health Sciences, Kanazawa University, Kakuma-machi, Kanazawa, Ishikawa, 920-1192, Japan. knkakimoto@iph.pref.osaka.jp.
authors.forename: Kensaku
authors.identifier: http://orcid.org/0000-0002-0592-3280
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Kakimoto
authors.affiliation: Osaka Prefectural Institute of Public Health, 1-3-69, Nakamichi, Higashinari-ku, Osaka, 537-0025, Japan.
authors.forename: Haruna
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Nagayoshi
authors.affiliation: Osaka Prefectural Institute of Public Health, 1-3-69, Nakamichi, Higashinari-ku, Osaka, 537-0025, Japan.
authors.forename: Yoshimasa
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Konishi
authors.affiliation: Osaka Prefectural Institute of Public Health, 1-3-69, Nakamichi, Higashinari-ku, Osaka, 537-0025, Japan.
authors.forename: Keiji
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Kajimura
authors.affiliation: Department of Environmental Bioscience, Faculty of Agriculture, Meijo University, 1-501, Shiogamaguchi, Tenpaku-ku, Nagoya, 468-8502, Japan.
authors.forename: Takeshi
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Ohura
authors.affiliation: Research Center for Environmental Preservation, Osaka University, 2-4, Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan.
authors.forename: Takeshi
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Nakano
authors.affiliation: Institute of Science and Engineering, Kanazawa University, Kakuma-machi, Kanazawa, Ishikawa, 920-1192, Japan.
authors.forename: Mitsuhiko
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Hata
authors.affiliation: Institute of Science and Engineering, Kanazawa University, Kakuma-machi, Kanazawa, Ishikawa, 920-1192, Japan.
authors.forename: Masami
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Furuuchi
authors.affiliation: Institute of Nature and Environmental Technology, Kanazawa University, Kakuma-machi, Kanazawa, Ishikawa, 920-1192, Japan.
authors.forename: Ning
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Tang
authors.affiliation: Institute of Nature and Environmental Technology, Kanazawa University, Kakuma-machi, Kanazawa, Ishikawa, 920-1192, Japan.
authors.forename: Kazuichi
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Hayakawa
authors.affiliation: Institute of Medical, Pharmaceutical and Health Sciences, Kanazawa University, Kakuma-machi, Kanazawa, Ishikawa, 920-1192, Japan.
authors.forename: Akira
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Toriba
mesh_terms: D000393:Air Pollutants / Q000032:analysis*; D004784:Environmental Monitoring; D006843:Hydrocarbons, Chlorinated / Q000032:analysis*; D007564:Japan; D008024:Ligands; D010316:Particle Size; D052638:Particulate Matter / Q000032:analysis*; D011084:Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons / Q000032:analysis*; D018336:Receptors, Aryl Hydrocarbon / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D000393:Air Pollutants; D006843:Hydrocarbons, Chlorinated; D008024:Ligands; D052638:Particulate Matter; D011084:Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons; D018336:Receptors, Aryl Hydrocarbon