title: Contemporary infectious exanthems: an update.
abstract: An exanthem is a skin rash that may be associated with mucous membrane eruption, fever or other symptoms. It may develop as manifestation of an infectious disease or as adverse reaction to drugs. Beside the 'classical exanthems' commonly occurring in childhood, other exanthems, defined as 'atypical' for the different morphology and causal agents, may occur. Among the atypical exanthems with infectious etiology, viral, bacterial, parasitic and helminth infections are implicated. We describe herein etiology and epidemiology of the atypical exanthems caused by infectious agents. In case of exanthem, to make a correct etiological diagnosis is crucial for both the patient and community concerning issues such as time off school, immunizations and risk in pregnancy and immunocompromised individuals.
authors.affiliation: DISSAL Department of Dermatology, IRCCS AOU San Martino-IST, Largo Rosanna Benzi, 10, 16132 Genoa, Italy.
authors.forename: Francesco
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Drago
authors.affiliation: DISSAL Department of Dermatology, IRCCS AOU San Martino-IST, Largo Rosanna Benzi, 10, 16132 Genoa, Italy.
authors.forename: Giulia
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Ciccarese
authors.affiliation: DISSAL Department of Dermatology, IRCCS AOU San Martino-IST, Largo Rosanna Benzi, 10, 16132 Genoa, Italy.
authors.forename: Giulia
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Gasparini
authors.affiliation: DISSAL Department of Dermatology, IRCCS AOU San Martino-IST, Largo Rosanna Benzi, 10, 16132 Genoa, Italy.
authors.forename: Ludovica
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Cogorno
authors.affiliation: DISSAL Department of Dermatology, IRCCS AOU San Martino-IST, Largo Rosanna Benzi, 10, 16132 Genoa, Italy.
authors.forename: Sanja
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Javor
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Medical Microbiology, Department of Biotechnology & Life Sciences, University of Insubria, Varese, Italy.
authors.forename: Antonio
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Toniolo
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Molecular Microbiology & Virology, School of Medicine, University of Milano-Bicocca, 20900 Monza, Italy.
authors.forename: Francesco
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Broccolo
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001419:Bacteria; D001424:Bacterial Infections / Q000175:diagnosis; D003937:Diagnosis, Differential; D005076:Exanthema / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000382:microbiology* / Q000469:parasitology* / Q000821:virology*; D006373:Helminthiasis / Q000175:diagnosis; D006376:Helminths; D006801:Humans; D010271:Parasites; D010272:Parasitic Diseases / Q000175:diagnosis; D014777:Virus Diseases / Q000175:diagnosis; D014780:Viruses
keywords: bacteria; diagnosis; exanthem; parasite; skin eruption; skin infection; skin rash; virus