title: Determination of benzo[a]pyrene in edible oils using phase-transfer-catalyst-assisted saponification and supramolecular solvent microextraction coupled to HPLC with fluorescence detection.
abstract: For the analysis of edible oils, saponification is well known as a useful method for eliminating oil matrices. The conventional approach is conducted with alcoholic alkali; it consumes a large volume of organic solvents and impedes the retrieval of analytes by microextraction. In this study, a low-organic-solvent-consuming method has been developed for the analysis of benzo[a]pyrene in edible oils by high-performance liquid chromatography with fluorescence detection. Sample treatment involves aqueous alkaline saponification, assisted by a phase-transfer catalyst, and selective in situ extraction of the analyte with a supramolecular solvent. Comparison of the chromatograms of the oil extracts obtained by different microextraction methods showed that the supramolecular solvent has a better clean-up effect for the unsaponifiable matter from oil matrices. The method offered excellent linearity over a range of 0.03- 5.0 ng mL-1(r > 0.999). Recovery rates varied from 94 to 102% (RSDs <5.0%). The detection limit and quantification limit were 0.06 and 0.19 μg kg-1, respectively. The proposed method was applied for the analysis of 52 edible oils collected online in China; the analyte contents of 23 tested oil samples exceeded the maximum limit of 2 μg kg-1for benzo[a]pyrene set by the Commission Regulation of the European Union.
authors.affiliation: Shaanxi Key Labotory of Natural Products & Chemical Biology, College of Science, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China.
authors.forename: Jin
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: College of Food Sciences and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China.
authors.forename: Laping
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.affiliation: Shaanxi Key Labotory of Natural Products & Chemical Biology, College of Science, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China.
authors.forename: Ludi
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Shi
authors.affiliation: Shaanxi Key Labotory of Natural Products & Chemical Biology, College of Science, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China.
authors.forename: Tingquan
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Yi
authors.affiliation: Shaanxi Key Labotory of Natural Products & Chemical Biology, College of Science, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China.
authors.forename: Yuxia
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Wen
authors.affiliation: Shaanxi Key Labotory of Natural Products & Chemical Biology, College of Science, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China.
authors.forename: Juanli
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: Shaanxi Key Labotory of Natural Products & Chemical Biology, College of Science, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China.
authors.forename: Shuhui
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Liu
mesh_terms: D001564:Benzo(a)pyrene / Q000032:analysis*; D002681:China; D002851:Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; D004042:Dietary Fats, Unsaturated / Q000032:analysis*; D005453:Fluorescence; D005504:Food Analysis / Q000379:methods*; D057230:Limit of Detection; D059627:Liquid Phase Microextraction; D012997:Solvents / Q000737:chemistry
chemical_list: D004042:Dietary Fats, Unsaturated; D012997:Solvents; D001564:Benzo(a)pyrene
keywords: Benzo[a]pyrene; Edible oils; Phase-transfer catalysis; Saponification; Supramolecular solvent microextraction