title: Effects of Physical Exercise on Markers of Cellular Immunosenescence: A Systematic Review.
abstract: Aging affects negatively the immune system, defined as immunosenescence, which increases the susceptibility of elderly persons to infection, autoimmune disease, and cancer. There are strong indications that physical exercise in elderly persons may prevent the age-related decline in immune response without significant side effects. Consequently, exercise is being considered as a safe mode of intervention to reduce immunosenescence. The aim of this review was to appraise the existing evidence regarding the impact of exercise on surface markers of cellular immunosenescence in either young and old humans or animals. PubMed and Web of Science were systematically screened, and 28 relevant articles in humans or animals were retrieved. Most of the intervention studies demonstrated that an acute bout of exercise induced increases in senescent, naïve, memory CD4+and CD8+T-lymphocytes and significantly elevated apoptotic lymphocytes in peripheral blood. As regards long-term effects, exercise induced increased levels of T-lymphocytes expressing CD28+in both young and elderly subjects. Few studies found an increase in natural killer cell activity following a period of training. We can conclude that exercise has considerable effects on markers of cellular aspects of the immune system. However, very few studies have been conducted so far to investigate the effects of exercise on markers of cellular immunosenescence in elderly persons. Implications for immunosenescence need further investigation.
authors.affiliation: Frailty in Ageing Research Group, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Laarbeeklaan 103, 1090, Brussels, Belgium.|Gerontology Department, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Laarbeeklaan 103, 1090, Brussels, Belgium.
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Cao Dinh
authors.affiliation: Frailty in Ageing Research Group, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Laarbeeklaan 103, 1090, Brussels, Belgium.|Geriatrics Department, Universitair Ziekenhuis Brussel, Laarbeeklaan 101, 1090, Brussels, Belgium.
authors.forename: I
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Beyer
authors.affiliation: Frailty in Ageing Research Group, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Laarbeeklaan 103, 1090, Brussels, Belgium.|Gerontology Department, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Laarbeeklaan 103, 1090, Brussels, Belgium.|Geriatrics Department, Universitair Ziekenhuis Brussel, Laarbeeklaan 101, 1090, Brussels, Belgium.
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Mets
authors.affiliation: Frailty in Ageing Research Group, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Laarbeeklaan 103, 1090, Brussels, Belgium.|Gerontology Department, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Laarbeeklaan 103, 1090, Brussels, Belgium.
authors.forename: O O
authors.initials: OO
authors.lastname: Onyema
authors.affiliation: Frailty in Ageing Research Group, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Laarbeeklaan 103, 1090, Brussels, Belgium.|Gerontology Department, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Laarbeeklaan 103, 1090, Brussels, Belgium.
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Njemini
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Hematology, Universitair Ziekenhuis Brussel, Laarbeeklaan 101, 1090, Brussels, Belgium.
authors.forename: W
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Renmans
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Hematology, Universitair Ziekenhuis Brussel, Laarbeeklaan 101, 1090, Brussels, Belgium.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: De Waele
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Hematology, Universitair Ziekenhuis Brussel, Laarbeeklaan 101, 1090, Brussels, Belgium.
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Jochmans
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Hematology, Universitair Ziekenhuis Brussel, Laarbeeklaan 101, 1090, Brussels, Belgium.
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Vander Meeren
authors.affiliation: Frailty in Ageing Research Group, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Laarbeeklaan 103, 1090, Brussels, Belgium. ivan.bautmans@vub.be.|Gerontology Department, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Laarbeeklaan 103, 1090, Brussels, Belgium. ivan.bautmans@vub.be.|Geriatrics Department, Universitair Ziekenhuis Brussel, Laarbeeklaan 101, 1090, Brussels, Belgium. ivan.bautmans@vub.be.
authors.forename: I
authors.identifier: 0000-0002-6820-9586
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Bautmans
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D015415:Biomarkers; D015444:Exercise / Q000502:physiology*; D006801:Humans; D000068884:Immunosenescence / Q000502:physiology*; D010805:Physical Conditioning, Animal / Q000502:physiology
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers
keywords: Elderly; Exercise; Immunosenescence; Surface marker