title: Early Bone Response to Dual Acid-Etched and Machined Dental Implants Placed in the Posterior Maxilla: A Histologic and Histomorphometric Human Study.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To compare the early bone response to implants with dual acid-etched (DAE) and machined (MA) surface, when placed in the posterior human maxilla.
  
  
  METHODS
  Fourteen patients received 2 implants in the posterior maxilla: 1 DAE and 1 MA. After 2 months, the implants were retrieved for histologic/histomorphometric evaluation. The bone-to-implant contact (BIC%), bone density in the threaded area (BDTA%), and the bone density (BD%) were calculated. The Wilcoxon matched-pairs signed rank test was used to evaluate differences (BIC%, BDTA%, and BD%) between the surfaces.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In the MA implants, a mean (±SD) BIC%, BDTA%, and BD% of 21.76 (±12.79), 28.58 (±16.91), and 21.54 (±11.67), respectively, was reported. In the DAE implants, a mean (±SD) BIC%, BDTA%, and BD% of 37.49 (±29.51), 30.59 (±21.78), and 31.60 (±18.06), respectively, was reported. Although the mean BIC% of DAE implants value was almost double than that of MA implants, no significant differences were found between the 2 groups with regard to BIC% (P = 0.198) and with regard to BDTA% (P = 0.778) and BD% (P = 0.124).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The DAE surface increased the periimplant endosseous healing properties in the native bone of the posterior maxilla.
authors.affiliation: *Researcher, Department of Surgical and Morphological Science, Dental School, University of Varese, Varese, Italy. †Researcher, Dental Research Division, Guarulhos University, Sao Paulo, Brazil. ‡Professor, Head of Oral Implantology Clinic, Dental Research Division, Guarulhos University, Sao Paulo, Brazil. §Senior Lecturer, Department of Oral Rehabilitation, Maurice and Gabriela Goldschleger School of Dental Medicine, University of Tel Aviv, Tel Aviv, Israel. ¶Researcher, Department of Medical, Oral and Biotechnological Sciences, University of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy. ‖Full Professor, Department of Medical, Oral and Biotechnological Sciences, University of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy. #Professor, Department of Dental Sciences, University Vita Salute S. Raffaele, Milan, Italy.
authors.forename: Francesco Guido
authors.initials: FG
authors.lastname: Mangano
authors.forename: Jefferson Trabach
authors.initials: JT
authors.lastname: Pires
authors.forename: Jamil Awad
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Shibli
authors.forename: Eitan
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Mijiritsky
authors.forename: Giovanna
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Iezzi
authors.forename: Adriano
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Piattelli
authors.forename: Carlo
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Mangano
mesh_terms: D000134:Acid Etching, Dental / Q000379:methods; D000368:Aged; D015519:Bone Density; D000069343:Bone-Implant Interface / Q000473:pathology*; D003758:Dental Implantation, Endosseous / Q000379:methods; D015921:Dental Implants; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008437:Maxilla / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery; D008875:Middle Aged; D016348:Osseointegration
chemical_list: D015921:Dental Implants