title: Activating transcription factor 3 attenuates chemokine and cytokine expression in mouse skeletal muscle after exercise and facilitates molecular adaptation to endurance training.
abstract: Activating transcription factor (ATF)3 regulates the expression of inflammation-related genes in several tissues under pathological contexts. In skeletal muscle, atf3 expression increases after exercise, but its target genes remain unknown. We aimed to identify those genes and to determine the influence of ATF3 on muscle adaptation to training. Skeletal muscles of ATF3-knockout (ATF3-KO) and control mice were analyzed at rest, after exercise, and after training. In resting muscles, there was no difference between genotypes in enzymatic activities or fiber type. After exercise, a microarray analysis in quadriceps revealed ATF3 affects genes modulating chemotaxis and chemokine/cytokine activity. Quantitative PCR showed that the mRNA levels of chemokine C-C motif ligand (ccl)8 and chemokine C-X-C motif ligand (cxcl)13 were higher in quadriceps of ATF3-KO mice than in control mice. The same was observed for ccl9 and cxcl13 in soleus. Also in soleus, ccl2, interleukin (il)6, il1β, and cluster of differentiation (cd)68 mRNA levels increased after exercise only in ATF3-KO mice. Endurance training increased the basal mRNA level of hexokinase-2, hormone sensitive lipase, glutathione peroxidase-1, and myosin heavy chain IIa in quadriceps of control mice but not in ATF3-KO mice. In summary, ATF3 attenuates the expression of inflammation-related genes after exercise and thus facilitates molecular adaptation to training.-Fernández-Verdejo, R., Vanwynsberghe, A. M., Essaghir, A., Demoulin, J.-B., Hai, T., Deldicque, L., Francaux, M. Activating transcription factor 3 attenuates chemokine and cytokine expression in mouse skeletal muscle after exercise and facilitates molecular adaptation to endurance training.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Neuroscience, Université Catholique de Louvain, Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium.
authors.forename: Rodrigo
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Fernández-Verdejo
authors.affiliation: Institute of Neuroscience, Université Catholique de Louvain, Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium.
authors.forename: Aline M
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Vanwynsberghe
authors.affiliation: De Duve Institute, Université Catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium; and.
authors.forename: Ahmed
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Essaghir
authors.affiliation: De Duve Institute, Université Catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium; and.
authors.forename: Jean-Baptiste
authors.initials: JB
authors.lastname: Demoulin
authors.affiliation: Department of Biological Chemistry and Pharmacology, Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA.
authors.forename: Tsonwin
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Hai
authors.affiliation: Institute of Neuroscience, Université Catholique de Louvain, Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium.
authors.forename: Louise
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Deldicque
authors.affiliation: Institute of Neuroscience, Université Catholique de Louvain, Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium; marc.francaux@uclouvain.be.
authors.forename: Marc
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Francaux
mesh_terms: D051700:Activating Transcription Factor 3 / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D000818:Animals; D005786:Gene Expression Regulation / Q000502:physiology; D051379:Mice; D008810:Mice, Inbred C57BL; D018345:Mice, Knockout; D018482:Muscle, Skeletal / Q000502:physiology*; D010805:Physical Conditioning, Animal; D010807:Physical Endurance / Q000502:physiology
chemical_list: D051700:Activating Transcription Factor 3; C103002:Atf3 protein, mouse
keywords: inflammation; microarray; phenotype