title: A scoping review of the role of LEGO®therapy for improving inclusion and social skills among children and youth with autism.
abstract: LEGO®therapy uses children's natural interest in play to help motivate behavioural change and may be an effective teaching tool to increase social competency and communication skills. Although the literature is growing it has not been synthesized.
  
  
  
  To review the literature on the role of LEGO®therapy on social skills and inclusion among children and youth with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD).
  
  
  
  A scoping review was conducted, involving comprehensive searches of international databases. Eligible articles included: (a) youth aged 19 or younger, with ASD; (b) empirical research on LEGO®therapy interventions; (c) published from 1996 to 2016 in a peer-reviewed journal, conference proceedings, or dissertation.
  
  
  
  Of the 6964 studies identified, 15 articles-involving 293 participants, aged 5-16 (mean age 8.7 years), across five countries-met the inclusion criteria. Although the outcomes of the LEGO®therapy varied across the studies, 14 studies reported at least one improvement in social and communication skills (e.g., building friendships, improved social interactions and social competence), ASD-specific behaviors, belonging, family relationships, coping, and reductions in playing alone.
  
  
  
  Although LEGO®therapy shows promise as an intervention for children and youth with ASD, more rigorously designed studies are needed to fully understand its impact.
authors.affiliation: Bloorview Research Institute, Holland Bloorview Kids Rehabilitation Hospital, 150 Kilgour Road, Toronto, Ontario, M4G 1R8, Canada; Department of Occupational Science & Occupational Therapy, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Rehabilitation Sciences Institute, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada. Electronic address: slindsay@hollandbloorview.ca.
authors.forename: Sally
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Lindsay
authors.affiliation: Bloorview Research Institute, Holland Bloorview Kids Rehabilitation Hospital, 150 Kilgour Road, Toronto, Ontario, M4G 1R8, Canada.
authors.forename: Kara Grace
authors.initials: KG
authors.lastname: Hounsell
authors.affiliation: Bloorview Research Institute, Holland Bloorview Kids Rehabilitation Hospital, 150 Kilgour Road, Toronto, Ontario, M4G 1R8, Canada; Rehabilitation Sciences Institute, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
authors.forename: Celia
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Cassiani
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000067877:Autism Spectrum Disorder; D001321:Autistic Disorder; D002648:Child; D003142:Communication; D006233:Persons with Disabilities; D006801:Humans; D007398:Interpersonal Relations; D066107:Social Skills
keywords: Autism; Children; LEGO(®); Review; Social skills