title: Determination of 5-hydroxymethylfurfural in honey, using headspace-solid-phase microextraction coupled with a polyoxometalate-coated piezoelectric quartz crystal.
abstract: High concentrations of 5-hydroxymethylfurfural (HMF) in honey provide an indication of overheating under inappropriate storage conditions or aging. Conventional methods for determining HMF are cumbersome and require expensive equipment or hazardous reagents. Hence the aim of this study was to propose a new analytical tool for HMF determination in honey, using a low cost acoustic wave sensor. Volatile organic compounds (VOCs) of honey samples were extracted, using the solid phase microextraction (SPME) technique, and HMF was quantified, using a piezoelectric quartz crystal with gold electrodes coated with a layer of decamolybdodivanado phosphoric acid, sensitive to HMF. The reliability of the proposed method was confirmed after comparing the results of HMF quantification with those obtained by the conventional spectrophotometric White method, and no statistical differences were found (α=0.05).
authors.affiliation: CICECO & Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, Aveiro, Portugal; CESAM & Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, Aveiro, Portugal.
authors.forename: Marta I S
authors.initials: MI
authors.lastname: Veríssimo
authors.affiliation: CIEPQPF & Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal.
authors.forename: José A F
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Gamelas
authors.affiliation: CICECO & Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, Aveiro, Portugal.
authors.forename: Dmitry V
authors.initials: DV
authors.lastname: Evtuguin
authors.affiliation: CESAM & Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, Aveiro, Portugal. Electronic address: mtgomes@ua.pt.
authors.forename: M Teresa S R
authors.initials: MT
authors.lastname: Gomes
mesh_terms: D015374:Biosensing Techniques / Q000295:instrumentation*; D005506:Food Contamination / Q000032:analysis*; D005662:Furaldehyde / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000032:analysis; D006722:Honey / Q000032:analysis*; D011791:Quartz / Q000737:chemistry*; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D052617:Solid Phase Microextraction / Q000379:methods*; D013053:Spectrophotometry; D017973:Tungsten Compounds / Q000737:chemistry*; D055549:Volatile Organic Compounds; D000099294:Polyoxometalates
chemical_list: D005662:Furaldehyde; D011791:Quartz; D017973:Tungsten Compounds; D055549:Volatile Organic Compounds; C102296:polyoxometalate I; D000099294:Polyoxometalates; C008046:5-hydroxymethylfurfural
keywords: 5-Hydroxymethylfurfural; Acoustic wave sensor; Honey; SPME