title: Outcome of adrenalectomy for subclinical hypercortisolism and Cushing syndrome.
abstract: We compared operative and metabolic outcomes in patients with subclinical Cushing syndrome and Cushing syndrome caused by unilateral adrenal lesion, aiming to clarify the role of glucocorticoid replacement treatment in patients with subclinical Cushing syndrome after adrenalectomy.
  
  
  
  The medical records of all the patients who underwent unilateral adrenalectomy for subclinical Cushing syndrome or Cushing syndrome were reviewed. Diagnostic criteria for subclinical Cushing syndrome were a pathologic dexamethasone suppression test plus 2 additional criteria.
  
  
  
  Twenty-nine patients with subclinical Cushing syndrome and 50 with Cushing syndrome were identified. No significant difference was found between patients with subclinical Cushing syndrome and Cushing syndrome regarding lesion size, operative time, and hospital stay. Two patients out of 29 with subclinical Cushing syndrome and 3 out of 50 patients with Cushing syndrome experienced Clavien-Dindo grade II complications (P = .87). All the patients required postoperative glucocorticoid replacement that was discontinued within 6 months in 28 of the 29 patients with subclinical Cushing syndrome and in 3 out of 50 Cushing syndrome patients (P < .005). At long-term follow-up, adrenalectomy significantly improved hypertension and diabetes in affected patients, with no differences between subclinical Cushing syndrome and Cushing syndrome. Hypercortisolism was resolved in all the cases.
  
  
  
  Operative and metabolic outcomes of adrenalectomy are similar in subclinical Cushing syndrome and Cushing syndrome. Postoperative glucocorticoid replacement treatment is advisable in all patients with subclinical Cushing syndrome. Prolonged adrenal insufficiency is more frequent in Cushing syndrome patients.
authors.affiliation: UO Chirurgia Endocrina e Metabolica, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy. Electronic address: marco.raffaelli@unicatt.it.
authors.forename: Marco
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Raffaelli
authors.affiliation: UO Chirurgia Endocrina e Metabolica, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy.
authors.forename: Carmela
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: De Crea
authors.affiliation: UO Chirurgia Endocrina e Metabolica, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy.
authors.forename: Gerardo
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: D'Amato
authors.affiliation: UO Chirurgia Endocrina e Metabolica, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy.
authors.forename: Pierpaolo
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Gallucci
authors.affiliation: UO Chirurgia Endocrina e Metabolica, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy.
authors.forename: Celestino P
authors.initials: CP
authors.lastname: Lombardi
authors.affiliation: UO Chirurgia Endocrina e Metabolica, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy.
authors.forename: Rocco
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Bellantone
mesh_terms: D000315:Adrenalectomy / Q000379:methods*; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000704:Analysis of Variance; D015331:Cohort Studies; D003480:Cushing Syndrome / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000601:surgery*; D016208:Databases, Factual; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D005938:Glucocorticoids / Q000627:therapeutic use; D006801:Humans; D010535:Laparoscopy / Q000379:methods; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011182:Postoperative Care / Q000379:methods; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D018570:Risk Assessment; D012720:Severity of Illness Index; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D005938:Glucocorticoids