title: Impact of Adding a Pictorial Display to Enhance Recall of Cancer Patient Histories: A Randomized Trial.
abstract: Current health care delivery models have increased the need for safe and concise patient handover. Handover interventions in the literature have focused on the use of structured tools but have not evaluated their ability to facilitate retention of patient information.
  
  
  
  In this study, mock pictorial displays were generated in an attempt to create a snapshot of each patient's medical and social circumstances. These pictorial displays contained the patient's photograph and other disease- and treatment-related images. The objective of this randomized trial was to assess the ability of these snapshots to enhance delayed information recall by care providers.
  
  
  
  Participating physicians were given four advanced cancer patient histories to review, two at a time over two weeks. Pictorial image displays, referred to as the Electronic Whiteboard (EWB) were added, in a randomized manner to half of the textual histories. The impact of the EWB on information recall was tested in immediate and delayed time frames.
  
  
  
  Overall, patient information recall declined significantly over time, with or without the EWB. Still, this trial demonstrates significantly higher test scores after 24 hours with the addition of pictures to textual patient information, compared with textual information alone (P = 0.0002). A more modest improvement was seen with the addition of the EWB for questionnaires administered immediately after history review (P = 0.008). Most participants agreed that the EWB was a useful enhancement and that seeing a patient's photograph improved their ability to retain information.
  
  
  
  Most studies examining the institution of handover protocols in the health care setting have failed to harness the power of pictures and other representative images. This study demonstrates the ability of pictorial displays to improve both immediate and delayed recall of patient histories without increasing review time. These types of displays may be amenable to generation by software programs and have the potential to enhance information transfer in various settings.
authors.affiliation: Division of Palliative Care Medicine, Department of Oncology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada. Electronic address: gary.wolch@ahs.ca.
authors.forename: Gary
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Wolch
authors.affiliation: Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Oncology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada.
authors.forename: Sunita
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Ghosh
authors.affiliation: Department of Internal Medicine, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada.
authors.forename: Curtiss
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Boyington
authors.affiliation: Division of Palliative Care Medicine, Department of Oncology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada.
authors.forename: Sharon M
authors.initials: SM
authors.lastname: Watanabe
authors.affiliation: Division of Palliative Care Medicine, Department of Oncology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada.
authors.forename: Robin
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Fainsinger
authors.affiliation: Division of Palliative Care Medicine, Department of Oncology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada.
authors.forename: Sarah
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Burton-Macleod
authors.affiliation: Division of Palliative Care Medicine, Department of Oncology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada.
authors.forename: Vincent
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Thai
authors.affiliation: Department of Undergraduate Studies, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada.
authors.forename: JoAnn
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Thai
authors.affiliation: Division of Palliative Care Medicine, Department of Oncology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada.
authors.forename: Konrad
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Fassbender
mesh_terms: D003266:Continuity of Patient Care; D006801:Humans; D011939:Mental Recall; D010775:Photic Stimulation / Q000379:methods*; D010820:Physicians; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires
keywords: Patient handover; electronic whiteboard; information recall; pictorial display; picture superiority effect