title: High throughput screening of photocatalytic conversion of pharmaceutical contaminants in water.
abstract: The susceptibility for photon-induced degradation of over 800 pharmaceutical compounds present in the LOPAC1280library, was analyzed by UV/Vis spectroscopy in the absence or presence of TiO2P25 in water. In general, few compounds were effectively degraded in the absence of the TiO2photocatalyst (3% of all compounds tested), while in the presence of TiO2, the majority of compounds was converted, often to a large degree. Differences in degree of degradation are evaluated on the basis of molecular weight, as well as the chemical nature of the drug compounds (functional groups and pharmacological classes). In general, if the molecular weight increases, the degradation efficacy decreases. Relatively high degrees of conversion can be achieved for (relatively small) molecules with functional groups such as aldehydes, alcohols, ketones and nitriles. A low degree of conversion was observed for compounds composed of conjugated aromatic systems. Trends in degradation efficacy on the basis of pharmacological class, e.g. comparing hormones and opioids, are not obvious.
authors.affiliation: Photocatalytic Synthesis Group, MESA+ Institute for Nanotechnology, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Twente, Meander 229, P.O. Box 217, 7500 AE, Enschede, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Joana
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Romão
authors.affiliation: MIRA Institute for Biomedical Technology and Technical Medicine, University of Twente, P.O. Box 217, 7500 AE, Enschede, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: David
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Barata
authors.affiliation: LAETA, IDMEC, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Portugal.
authors.forename: Nelson
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Ribeiro
authors.affiliation: MIRA Institute for Biomedical Technology and Technical Medicine, University of Twente, P.O. Box 217, 7500 AE, Enschede, The Netherlands; Maastricht University, MERLN Institute for Technology-Inspired Regenerative Medicine, P.O. Box 616, 6200 MD, Maastricht, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Pamela
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Habibovic
authors.affiliation: MIRA Institute for Biomedical Technology and Technical Medicine, University of Twente, P.O. Box 217, 7500 AE, Enschede, The Netherlands; Stem Cells and Drug Screening Lab, Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal. Electronic address: fernandesham@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Hugo
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Fernandes
authors.affiliation: Photocatalytic Synthesis Group, MESA+ Institute for Nanotechnology, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Twente, Meander 229, P.O. Box 217, 7500 AE, Enschede, The Netherlands. Electronic address: g.mul@utwente.nl.
authors.forename: Guido
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Mul
mesh_terms: D002384:Catalysis / Q000528:radiation effects; D004781:Environmental Exposure; D004784:Environmental Monitoring / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods*; D057166:High-Throughput Screening Assays / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods*; D006863:Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; D010084:Oxidation-Reduction; D004364:Pharmaceutical Preparations / Q000032:analysis / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000528:radiation effects*; D010782:Photolysis / Q000528:radiation effects; D014025:Titanium / Q000737:chemistry; D014867:Water / Q000737:chemistry*; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical / Q000032:analysis / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000528:radiation effects*
chemical_list: D004364:Pharmaceutical Preparations; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical; D014867:Water; D014025:Titanium
keywords: High throughput screening; Pharmaceutical compounds; Photocatalysis; Reactant selectivity; Titanium dioxide; Water treatment