title: Coffee consumption and the occurrence and intensity of metabolic syndrome: a cross-sectional study.
abstract: The objective of the study was to investigate associations between coffee consumption and the occurrence of metabolic syndrome (MetS) and its components in individuals with a normal BMI, as well in those who are overweight and obese. The analysis was based on the data of 10,367 participants. The studies included a questionnaire interview, anthropometric measurements, blood pressure measurements and analyses of collected fasting-blood samples. In the overweight and obese participants, lower coffee consumption, compared with higher consumption was correlated with a significantly higher risk of abdominal obesity, hypertension, an abnormal glucose concentration, HDL cholesterol, triglycerides and MetS (p < .05). In the participants with a normal BMI, lower coffee consumption was related to the abdominal obesity, HDL cholesterol and MetS (p < .05). Individuals with a normal BMI may react slightly differently to nutritional factors modifying metabolism such as coffee, compared with those with excessive body mass.
authors.affiliation: a Department of the Prevention of Alimentary Tract Diseases, The Institute of Nursing and Midwifery, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences , Jan Kochanowski University , Kielce , Poland.
authors.forename: Edyta
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Suliga
authors.affiliation: b Department of Surgery and Surgical Nursing with the Scientific Research Laboratory, The Institute of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences , Jan Kochanowski University , Kielce , Poland.
authors.forename: Dorota
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Kozieł
authors.affiliation: c Department of Developmental Age Research, Institute of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences , Jan Kochanowski University , Kielce , Poland.
authors.forename: Elżbieta
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Cieśla
authors.affiliation: b Department of Surgery and Surgical Nursing with the Scientific Research Laboratory, The Institute of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences , Jan Kochanowski University , Kielce , Poland.
authors.forename: Dorota
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Rębak
authors.affiliation: b Department of Surgery and Surgical Nursing with the Scientific Research Laboratory, The Institute of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences , Jan Kochanowski University , Kielce , Poland.
authors.forename: Stanisław
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Głuszek
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D003069:Coffee / Q000009:adverse effects*; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D024821:Metabolic Syndrome / Q000209:etiology*; D008875:Middle Aged; D016017:Odds Ratio; D050177:Overweight / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D003069:Coffee
keywords: BMI; Coffee consumption; metabolic syndrome