title: Effects of Astragalus membranaceus, Codonopsis pilosula and allicin mixture on growth performance, nutrient digestibility, faecal microbial shedding, immune response and meat quality in finishing pigs.
abstract: A 12-week trial with 120 [(Landrace×Yorkshire)×Duroc] pigs (45.65 ± 1.93 kg) was conducted to evaluate the effects of Astragalus membranaceus, Codonopsis pilosula and allicin mixture (HM) supplementation on growth performance, nutrient digestibility, faecal microbial shedding, immune response and meat quality in finishing pigs. Pigs were allocated to one of three treatments with 0, 0.025% (HM1) and 0.05% (HM2) HM supplementation in a randomized complete block design according to sex and BW. Each treatment contained 10 replications with four pigs (two barrows and two gilts) per pen. Dietary HM resulted in a higher G:F (p < 0.05) than CON group during weeks 7 to 12 and the overall periods. Pigs fed HM2 diet had higher ADG than pigs fed CON diet. Pigs fed HM2 supplementation diet led to a higher (p < 0.05) apparent total tract digestibility (ATTD) of dry matter (DM) and gross energy (GE) than pigs fed CON diet at week 6, while the supplementation of HM led to a higher (p < 0.05) ATTD of DM and GE than pigs fed CON diet at week 12. The faecal E. coli counts were reduced, and Lactobacillus counts were increased by increasing HM supplementation (p < 0.05). Pigs fed HM1 diet had higher (p < 0.05) WBC concentration than those fed CON and HM2 diets at week 6. Pigs fed HM-supplemented diet had higher (p < 0.05) IgG and IgA concentrations than those fed CON diet at week 12. Pigs fed HM diet noted better (p < 0.05) meat colour and redness value than pigs fed CON diet. Pig fed HM2 reduced (p < 0.05) the lightness value compared with CON group. In conclusion, dietary HM supplementation exerted beneficial effects on growth performance, nutrient digestibility, intestinal microbial balance (increased Lactobacillus counts and decreased E. coli counts), immune response and meat quality.
authors.affiliation: Department of Animal Resource & Science, Dankook University, Cheonan, Choongnam, South Korea.
authors.forename: R X
authors.initials: RX
authors.lastname: Lan
authors.affiliation: Department of Animal Resource & Science, Dankook University, Cheonan, Choongnam, South Korea.
authors.forename: J W
authors.initials: JW
authors.lastname: Park
authors.affiliation: Department of Animal Resource & Science, Dankook University, Cheonan, Choongnam, South Korea.
authors.forename: D W
authors.initials: DW
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.affiliation: Department of Animal Resource & Science, Dankook University, Cheonan, Choongnam, South Korea.
authors.forename: I H
authors.initials: IH
authors.lastname: Kim
mesh_terms: D000821:Animal Feed / Q000032:analysis*; D000824:Animal Nutritional Physiological Phenomena; D000818:Animals; D027885:Astragalus propinquus; D029745:Codonopsis; D004032:Diet / Q000662:veterinary; D004063:Digestion / Q000502:physiology; D004220:Disulfides; D005243:Feces / Q000382:microbiology*; D005260:Female; D007928:Lethal Dose 50; D008297:Male; D008460:Meat; D013441:Sulfinic Acids / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D013552:Swine / Q000254:growth & development*
chemical_list: D004220:Disulfides; D013441:Sulfinic Acids; C006452:allicin
keywords: 
  Astragalus membranaceus
  ; Codonopsis pilosula and allicin mixture; faecal microbial; finishing pigs; immune response; meat quality