title: Machismo, Marianismo, and Negative Cognitive-Emotional Factors: Findings From the Hispanic Community Health Study/Study of Latinos Sociocultural Ancillary Study.
abstract: There is limited research on the traditional Hispanic male and female gender roles ofmachismoandmarianismo,respectively, in relation to negative cognitions and emotions. Given the vulnerability of Hispanics to negative cognitions and emotions, it is important to examine sociocultural correlates of emotional distress. Therefore, we examined associations ofmachismoandmarianismowith negative cognitive-emotional factors (i.e., depression symptoms; cynical hostility; and trait anxiety and anger) in the Hispanic Community Health Study/Study of Latinos Sociocultural Ancillary Study, a cross-sectional cohort study of sociocultural and psychosocial correlates of cardiometabolic health. Participants were aged 18-74 years and self-identified as Hispanic of Central American, Cuban, Dominican, Mexican, Puerto Rican, South American, and other Hispanic background (N= 4,426). Results revealed that specific components ofmachismo(traditional machismo) andmarianismo(family and spiritual pillar dimensions) were associated with higher levels of negative cognitions and emotions after adjusting for socio-demographic factors (p< .05); these associations remained consistent across sex, Hispanic background group, and acculturation. Findings can inform mental health interventions and contribute to our understanding of the importance of gender role socialization in the context of self-reported negative cognitive-emotional factors in Hispanics.
authors.affiliation: Institute for Behavioral and Community Health, Graduate School of Public Health, San Diego State University.
authors.forename: Alicia
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Nuñez
authors.affiliation: Institute for Behavioral and Community Health, Graduate School of Public Health, San Diego State University; Department of Psychology, San Diego State University.
authors.forename: Patricia
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: González
authors.affiliation: Institute for Behavioral and Community Health, Graduate School of Public Health, San Diego State University.
authors.forename: Gregory A
authors.initials: GA
authors.lastname: Talavera
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry, University of Illinois at Chicago.
authors.forename: Lisa
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Sanchez-Johnsen
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychology, San Diego State University.
authors.forename: Scott C
authors.initials: SC
authors.lastname: Roesch
authors.affiliation: Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina.
authors.forename: Sonia M
authors.initials: SM
authors.lastname: Davis
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychology, University of Miami.
authors.forename: William
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Arguelles
authors.affiliation: Faculty Affairs, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine.
authors.forename: Veronica Y
authors.initials: VY
authors.lastname: Womack
authors.affiliation: Department of Epidemiology and Population Health, Albert Einstein College of Medicine.
authors.forename: Natania W
authors.initials: NW
authors.lastname: Ostrovsky
authors.affiliation: Department of Educational Psychology, Texas A&M University.
authors.forename: Lizette
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Ojeda
authors.affiliation: Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University.
authors.forename: Frank J
authors.initials: FJ
authors.lastname: Penedo
authors.affiliation: Institute for Behavioral and Community Health, Graduate School of Public Health, San Diego State University; Department of Psychology, San Diego State University.
authors.forename: Linda C
authors.initials: LC
authors.lastname: Gallo
keywords: gender roles; machismo; marianismo; negative cognitions/emotions