title: The Combined Application of the Caco-2 Cell Bioassay Coupled with In Vivo (Gallus gallus) Feeding Trial Represents an Effective Approach to Predicting Fe Bioavailability in Humans.
abstract: Research methods that predict Fe bioavailability for humans can be extremely useful in evaluating food fortification strategies, developing Fe-biofortified enhanced staple food crops and assessing the Fe bioavailability of meal plans that include such crops. In this review, research from four recent poultry (Gallus gallus) feeding trials coupled with in vitro analyses of Fe-biofortified crops will be compared to the parallel human efficacy studies which used the same varieties and harvests of the Fe-biofortified crops. Similar to the human studies, these trials were aimed to assess the potential effects of regular consumption of these enhanced staple crops on maintenance or improvement of iron status. The results demonstrate a strong agreement between the in vitro/in vivo screening approach and the parallel human studies. These observations therefore indicate that the in vitro/Caco-2 cell andGallus gallusmodels can be integral tools to develop varieties of staple food crops and predict their effect on iron status in humans. The cost-effectiveness of this approach also means that it can be used to monitor the nutritional stability of the Fe-biofortified crop once a variety has released and integrated into the food system. These screening tools therefore represent a significant advancement to the field for crop development and can be applied to ensure the sustainability of the biofortification approach.
authors.affiliation: USDA-ARS Robert Holley Center for Agriculture and Health, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA. et79@cornell.edu.
authors.forename: Elad
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Tako
authors.affiliation: Department of Statistics, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269-4120, USA. haim.bar@uconn.edu.
authors.forename: Haim
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Bar
authors.affiliation: USDA-ARS Robert Holley Center for Agriculture and Health, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA. rpg3@cornell.edu.
authors.forename: Raymond P
authors.initials: RP
authors.lastname: Glahn
mesh_terms: D000821:Animal Feed; D000818:Animals; D000072759:Biofortification; D001681:Biological Assay; D001682:Biological Availability; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000378:metabolism; D018938:Caco-2 Cells; D002645:Chickens / Q000097:blood / Q000378:metabolism*; D018556:Crops, Agricultural; D003677:Deficiency Diseases / Q000378:metabolism / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000517:prevention & control; D005527:Food, Fortified; D006801:Humans; D007501:Iron / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000097:blood / Q000378:metabolism*; D000090463:Iron Deficiencies; D023421:Models, Animal; D009752:Nutritional Status; D009753:Nutritive Value; D013045:Species Specificity
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; D007501:Iron
keywords: Caco-2 bioassay; Gallus gallus; beans; bioavailability; biofortification; iron; pearl millet; screening tools