title: Association Between Auditory and Visual Continuous Performance Tests in Students With ADHD.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Continuous Performance Tests (CPTs) are known to measure inattention and impulsivity in students with ADHD. Many CPTs utilize a visual format. It is accepted that auditory tasks reflect attentional demand more closely in the classroom. Thus, the association between deficits found by auditory and visual CPTs needs to be studied. We hypothesized that impulsivity would be dependent on sensory modality and inattention would be a unitary cross-modal construct.
  
  
  METHODS
  Forty-four students with ADHD performed two CPTs (visual and auditory). We analyzed correlations between the variables examined by the two tasks.
  
  
  RESULTS
  There were strong correlations between variables measuring inattention. Correlations between auditory and visual measures of impulsivity were weak.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Inattention is partially independent of modality. In contrast, response inhibition is modality-specific. Although ADHD is defined regardless of modality, hyperactive students may exhibit deficits in the auditory modality but not in the visual modality or vice versa.
authors.affiliation: 1 Federal University of the State of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.|2 Federal University of Juiz de Fora, Brazil.|3 State University of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
authors.forename: Sergio Luís
authors.initials: SL
authors.lastname: Schmidt
authors.affiliation: 1 Federal University of the State of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
authors.forename: Eunice do Nascimento
authors.initials: EDN
authors.lastname: Simões
authors.affiliation: 4 Fluminense Federal University, Niterói, Brazil.
authors.forename: Ana Lúcia
authors.initials: AL
authors.lastname: Novais Carvalho
mesh_terms: D001288:Attention / Q000502:physiology*; D001289:Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity / Q000150:complications / Q000175:diagnosis*; D001307:Auditory Perception; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007175:Impulsive Behavior; D007266:Inhibition, Psychological; D008297:Male; D009483:Neuropsychological Tests; D011930:Reaction Time / Q000502:physiology; D013334:Students; D014796:Visual Perception; D055815:Young Adult
keywords: ADD/ADHD; Continuous Performance Test; response inhibition