title: Insulin resistance and its association with catch-up growth in Chinese children born small for gestational age.
abstract: To assess insulin resistance and β-cell function from birth to age 4 years and to examine their associations with catch-up growth (CUG) in Chinese small-for-gestational-age (SGA) children.
  
  
  
  Weight and height were measured yearly from birth to age 4 years, and transformed into age- and gender-adjusted SD scores. Fasting serum insulin and glucose were measured, and fasting insulin resistance and β-cell function were estimated using the homeostasis model assessment (HOMA).
  
  
  
  The mean HOMA-IR of the SGA group was significantly lower than that of the appropriate-for-gestational-age (AGA) group at ages 2 and 3 years old, and the mean HOMA% of the SGA group was significantly lower than that of the AGA group at age 4 years old. At 4 years of age, HOMA for insulin resistance was positively correlated with the height gain and SD of height gain between 0 and 5 months, and HOMA% was positively correlated with the weight gain and SD of weight gain between 6 and 12 months in SGA children.
  
  
  
  SGA children with CUG show a greater propensity to develop insulin resistance than AGA children between ages 2 and 4 years old. HOMA parameters are related to CUG in the first year of life.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, China. Correspondence: Chunhua Liu.
authors.forename: Chunhua
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, China. Correspondence: Chunhua Liu.
authors.forename: Baiyan
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Wu
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, China. Correspondence: Chunhua Liu.
authors.forename: Niyang
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Lin
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, China. Correspondence: Chunhua Liu.
authors.forename: Xiaoyi
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Fang
mesh_terms: D044466:Asian People; D001786:Blood Glucose / Q000378:metabolism; D001823:Body Composition; D001827:Body Height; D001835:Body Weight; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D002675:Child, Preschool; D002681:China; D005260:Female; D005865:Gestational Age; D006706:Homeostasis; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D007236:Infant, Small for Gestational Age / Q000254:growth & development*; D007328:Insulin / Q000097:blood; D007333:Insulin Resistance; D008297:Male
chemical_list: D001786:Blood Glucose; D007328:Insulin