title: Whole-tumor MRI histogram analyses of hepatocellular carcinoma: Correlations with Ki-67 labeling index.
abstract: To evaluate whether whole-tumor histogram-derived parameters for an apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) map and contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) could aid in assessing Ki-67 labeling index (LI) of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC).
  
  
  
  In all, 57 patients with HCC who underwent pretreatment MRI with a 3T MR scanner were included retrospectively. Histogram parameters including mean, median, standard deviation, skewness, kurtosis, and percentiles (5th, 25th, 75th, 95th) were derived from the ADC map and MR enhancement. Correlations between histogram parameters and Ki-67 LI were evaluated and differences between low Ki-67 (≤10%) and high Ki-67 (>10%) groups were assessed.
  
  
  
  Mean, median, 5th, 25th, 75thpercentiles of ADC, and mean, median, 25th, 75th, 95thpercentiles of enhancement of arterial phase (AP) demonstrated significant inverse correlations with Ki-67 LI (rho up to -0.48 for ADC, -0.43 for AP) and showed significant differences between low and high Ki-67 groups (P < 0.001-0.04). Areas under the receiver operator characteristics (ROC) curve for identification of high Ki-67 were 0.78, 0.77, 0.79, 0.82, and 0.76 for mean, median, 5th, 25th, 75thpercentiles of ADC, respectively, and 0.74, 0.81, 0.76, 0.82, 0.69 for mean, median, 25th, 75th, 95thpercentiles of AP, respectively.
  
  
  
  Histogram-derived parameters of ADC and AP were potentially helpful for predicting Ki-67 LI of HCC.
  
  
  
  3 Technical Efficacy: Stage 3 J. MAGN. RESON. IMAGING 2017;46:383-392.
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, and Shanghai Medical Imaging Institute, Shanghai, China.
authors.forename: Xin-Xing
authors.initials: XX
authors.lastname: Hu
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, and Shanghai Medical Imaging Institute, Shanghai, China.
authors.forename: Zhao-Xia
authors.initials: ZX
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, and Shanghai Medical Imaging Institute, Shanghai, China.
authors.forename: He-Yue
authors.initials: HY
authors.lastname: Liang
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, and Shanghai Medical Imaging Institute, Shanghai, China.
authors.forename: Ying
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Ding
authors.affiliation: MR Application Development, Siemens Healthcare, Erlangen, Germany.
authors.forename: Robert
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Grimm
authors.affiliation: Siemens Shenzhen Magnetic Resonance, Shenzhen, China.
authors.forename: Cai-Xia
authors.initials: CX
authors.lastname: Fu
authors.affiliation: MR Collaboration NE Asia, Siemens Healthcare, Shanghai, China.
authors.forename: Hui
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.affiliation: MR Collaboration NE Asia, Siemens Healthcare, Shanghai, China.
authors.forename: Xu
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Yan
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathology, Zhongshan hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.
authors.forename: Yuan
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Ji
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, and Shanghai Medical Imaging Institute, Shanghai, China.
authors.forename: Meng-Su
authors.initials: MS
authors.lastname: Zeng
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, and Shanghai Medical Imaging Institute, Shanghai, China.
authors.forename: Sheng-Xiang
authors.initials: SX
authors.lastname: Rao
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D015415:Biomarkers; D006528:Carcinoma, Hepatocellular / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000503:physiopathology; D049109:Cell Proliferation; D038524:Diffusion Magnetic Resonance Imaging; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007090:Image Interpretation, Computer-Assisted; D019394:Ki-67 Antigen / Q000032:analysis*; D008113:Liver Neoplasms / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000503:physiopathology; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D012372:ROC Curve; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D012984:Software
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; D019394:Ki-67 Antigen
keywords: Ki-67 expression; apparent diffusion coefficient; hepatocellular carcinoma; histogram analysis; magnetic resonance imaging