title: Optimization of a cloud point extraction procedure with response surface methodology for the quantification of dissolved iron in produced water from the petroleum industry using FAAS.
abstract: The characterization of inorganic elements in the produced water (PW) samples is a difficult task because of the complexity of the matrix. This work deals with a study of a methodology for dissolved Fe quantification in PW from oil industry by flame atomic absorption spectrometry (FAAS) after cloud point extraction (CPE). The procedure is based on the CPE using PAN as complexing agent and Triton X-114 as surfactant. The best conditions for Fe extraction parameters were studied using a Box-Behnken design. The proposed method presented a LOQ of 0.010μgmL-1and LOD of 0.003μgmL-1. The precision of the method was evaluated in terms of repeatability, obtaining a coefficient of variation of 2.54%. The accuracy of the method was assessed by recovery experiments of Fe spiked that presented recovery of 103.28%. The method was applied with satisfactory performance to determine Fe by FAAS in PW samples.
authors.affiliation: Laboratório de Estudos em Química Aplicada, Departamento de Química Analítica e Físico-Química, Universidade Federal do Ceará, Campus do Pici, 60451-970, Fortaleza, CE, Brazil.
authors.forename: Tamyris A
authors.initials: TA
authors.lastname: Gondim
authors.affiliation: Laboratório de Estudos em Química Aplicada, Departamento de Química Analítica e Físico-Química, Universidade Federal do Ceará, Campus do Pici, 60451-970, Fortaleza, CE, Brazil.
authors.forename: Jhonyson A C
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Guedes
authors.affiliation: Universidade da Integração Internacional da Lusofonia Afro-brasileira, Campus dos Palmares, Km 51, 62.785-000, Acarape, CE, Brazil.
authors.forename: Livia P D
authors.initials: LP
authors.lastname: Ribeiro
authors.affiliation: Laboratório de Estudos em Química Aplicada, Departamento de Química Analítica e Físico-Química, Universidade Federal do Ceará, Campus do Pici, 60451-970, Fortaleza, CE, Brazil.
authors.forename: Gisele S
authors.initials: GS
authors.lastname: Lopes
authors.affiliation: Laboratório de Estudos em Química Aplicada, Departamento de Química Analítica e Físico-Química, Universidade Federal do Ceará, Campus do Pici, 60451-970, Fortaleza, CE, Brazil. Electronic address: wladianamatos@ufc.br.
authors.forename: Wladiana O
authors.initials: WO
authors.lastname: Matos
mesh_terms: D001938:Brazil; D006863:Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; D007501:Iron / Q000032:analysis* / Q000302:isolation & purification; D057230:Limit of Detection; D017830:Octoxynol; D000066388:Oil and Gas Industry / Q000379:methods* / Q000592:standards; D011092:Polyethylene Glycols / Q000737:chemistry; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D013054:Spectrophotometry, Atomic / Q000379:methods*; D013501:Surface-Active Agents / Q000737:chemistry*; D062065:Wastewater / Q000737:chemistry*; D018508:Water Purification / Q000379:methods*
chemical_list: D007501:Iron; D017830:Octoxynol; D011092:Polyethylene Glycols; D013501:Surface-Active Agents; D062065:Wastewater; C010615:Nonidet P-40
keywords: Box-Behnken design; Cloud point extraction; FAAS; Iron; Produced water