title: Fabrication of self-assembled chitosan-dispersed LDL nanoparticles for drug delivery with a one-step green method.
abstract: Self-assembled nanoparticles (NPs) composed of chitosan (CS) and low density lipoprotein (LDL) of hen eggs were prepared by a one-step green synthesis of mixing CS solution and LDL suspension. The formulated CS-LDL NPs were then applied to encapsulate doxorubicin hydrochloride (DOX) with the encapsulation efficiency of 51.7%. The average particle size and ζ-potential of DOX-loaded CS-LDL NPs (CS-LDL-DOX NPs) were 179nm and +48.3mV, respectively. The encapsulated DOX showed less cytotoxicity than free DOX after 24-h incubation with gastric cancer SGC7901 cells, which may be due to extended release. Cellular uptake of CS-LDL-DOX NPs was significant higher than that of free DOX due to the endocytosis of tumor cells. Thus CS-LDL-DOX NPs showed a potential in reducing cytotoxicity of DOX by extended release behavior and preferential uptake compared to free DOX. In addition, flow cytometry and terminal-deoxynucleotidyl-transferase-mediated dUTP nick-end labeling assay demonstrated that CS-LDL-DOX NPs induced the apoptosis of cancer cells. Autophagy was involved in effects caused by CS-LDL-DOX NPs through blocking AKT/mTOR signaling, which was demonstrated by the analyses of the expression of LC3, p62, AKT, p-AKT, mTOR and p-mTOR.
authors.affiliation: College of Food Science and Technology and the MOE Key Laboratory of Environment Correlative Dietology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China.
authors.forename: Jing
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Tian
authors.affiliation: College of Food Science and Technology and the MOE Key Laboratory of Environment Correlative Dietology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China.
authors.forename: Shasha
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Xu
authors.affiliation: Hubei International Scientific and Technological Cooperation Base of Sustainable Resource and Energy, Hubei Key Lab of Biomass Resource Chemistry and Environmental Biotechnology, School of Resource and Environmental Science, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430079, China. Electronic address: hbdeng@whu.edu.cn.
authors.forename: Hongbing
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Deng
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardiology, Cardiology Department of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, 100853, China.
authors.forename: Xinxing
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Song
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardiology, Cardiology Department of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, 100853, China.
authors.forename: Xiujuan
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: Hubei International Scientific and Technological Cooperation Base of Sustainable Resource and Energy, Hubei Key Lab of Biomass Resource Chemistry and Environmental Biotechnology, School of Resource and Environmental Science, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430079, China.
authors.forename: Jiajia
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardiology, Cardiology Department of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, 100853, China. Electronic address: wind8828@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Feng
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Cao
authors.affiliation: College of Food Science and Technology and the MOE Key Laboratory of Environment Correlative Dietology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China. Electronic address: libinfood@mail.hzau.edu.cn.
authors.forename: Bin
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Li
mesh_terms: D000903:Antibiotics, Antineoplastic / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology; D017209:Apoptosis / Q000187:drug effects; D018929:Cell Culture Techniques; D045744:Cell Line, Tumor; D002470:Cell Survival / Q000187:drug effects; D048271:Chitosan / Q000737:chemistry*; D004317:Doxorubicin / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology; D004337:Drug Carriers / Q000138:chemical synthesis / Q000737:chemistry*; D065546:Drug Liberation; D005434:Flow Cytometry; D055772:Green Chemistry Technology / Q000379:methods*; D006801:Humans; D008077:Lipoproteins, LDL / Q000737:chemistry*; D053758:Nanoparticles / Q000737:chemistry*; D013499:Surface Properties; D013678:Technology, Pharmaceutical / Q000379:methods*
chemical_list: D000903:Antibiotics, Antineoplastic; D004337:Drug Carriers; D008077:Lipoproteins, LDL; D004317:Doxorubicin; D048271:Chitosan
keywords: Chitosan; Low-density lipoprotein; Nanocarrier; Self-assembly