title: Haglund's Syndrome: A Commonly Seen Mysterious Condition.
abstract: Haglund's deformity was first described by Patrick Haglund in 1927. It is also known as retrocalcaneal exostosis, Mulholland deformity, and 'pump bump.' It is a very common clinical condition, but still poorly understood. Haglund's deformity is an abnormality of the bone and soft tissues in the foot. An enlargement of the bony section of the heel (where the Achilles tendon is inserted) triggers this condition. The soft tissue near the back of the heel can become irritated when the large, bony lump rubs against rigid shoes. The aetiology is not well known, but some probable causes like a tight Achilles tendon, a high arch of the foot, and heredity have been suggested as causes. Middle age is the most common age of affection, females are more affected than males, and the occurence is often bilateral. A clinical feature of this condition is pain in the back of the heel, which is more after rest. Clinical evaluation and lateral radiographs of the ankle are mostly enough to make a diagnosis of Haglund's syndrome. Haglund's syndrome is often treated conservatively by altering the heel height in shoe wear, orthosis, physiotherapy, and anti-inflammatory drugs. Surgical excision of the bony exostoses of the calcaneum is only required in resistant cases.
authors.affiliation: Orthopaedics, Indraprastha Apollo Hospitals.
authors.forename: Raju
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Vaishya
authors.affiliation: Orthopaedics, Indraprastha Apollo Hospitals.
authors.forename: Amit Kumar
authors.initials: AK
authors.lastname: Agarwal
authors.affiliation: Orthopaedics, Herat Regional Hospital, Herat, Afghanistan.
authors.forename: Ahmad Tariq
authors.initials: AT
authors.lastname: Azizi
authors.affiliation: Orthopaedics, Indraprastha Apollo Hospitals.
authors.forename: Vipul
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Vijay
keywords: haglund's syndrome; retrocalaneal exostosis