title: Association between the Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme (ACE) Genetic Polymorphism and Diabetic Retinopathy-A Meta-Analysis Comprising 10,168 Subjects.
abstract: Aims-to address the inconclusive findings of the association of angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) insertion/deletion (I/D) polymorphism on risk of diabetic retinopathy (DR), a meta-analysis was conducted. Methods-we conducted a meta-analysis on 4252 DR cases and 5916 controls from 40 published studies by searching electronic databases and reference lists of relevant articles. A random-effects or fixed-effects model was used to estimate the overall and stratification effect sizes onACEI/D polymorphism on the risk of DR. Results-we found a significant association between the ACE I/D polymorphism and the risk of DR for all genetic model (ID vs. II: OR = 1.14, 95% CI: 1.00-1.30; DD vs. II: OR = 1.38, 95% CI: 1.11-1.71; Allele contrast: OR = 1.17, 95% CI: 1.05-1.30; recessive model: OR = 1.24, 95% CI: 1.02-1.51 and dominant model: OR = 1.21, 95% CI: 1.06-1.38, respectively). In stratified analysis by ethnicity and DM type, we further found that the Asian group with T2DM showed a significant association for all genetic models (ID vs. II: OR = 1.14, 95% CI: 1.01-1.30; DD vs. II: OR = 1.54, 95% CI: 1.14-2.08; Allele contrast: OR = 1.26, 95% CI: 1.09-1.47; recessive model: OR = 1.42, 95% CI: 1.07-1.88 and dominant model: OR = 1.26, 95% CI: 1.07-1.49, respectively). Conclusion-our study suggested that the ACE I/D polymorphism may contribute to DR development, especially in the Asian group with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Prospective and more genome-wide association studies (GWAS) are needed to clarify the real role of the ACE gene in determining susceptibility to DR.
authors.affiliation: Department of Ophthalmology, Nanjing Medical University Affiliated Wuxi Second Hospital, 68 Zhongshan Road, Wuxi 214002, China. luoshasha403@163.com.
authors.forename: Shasha
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Luo
authors.affiliation: Wuxi Center for Disease Control and Prevention, 499 Jincheng Road, Wuxi 214023, China. shichao.xo@163.com.
authors.forename: Chao
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Shi
authors.affiliation: Jiangsu Provincial Center for Disease Prevention and Control, 172 Jiangsu Road, Nanjing 210029, China. furuwang83@163.com.
authors.forename: Furu
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: Department of Ophthalmology, Nanjing Medical University Affiliated Wuxi Second Hospital, 68 Zhongshan Road, Wuxi 214002, China. zhifengwu2013@126.com.
authors.forename: Zhifeng
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Wu
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D044466:Asian People / Q000235:genetics*; D003924:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / Q000235:genetics*; D003930:Diabetic Retinopathy / Q000201:enzymology* / Q000235:genetics; D005260:Female; D020022:Genetic Predisposition to Disease; D055106:Genome-Wide Association Study; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D007703:Peptidyl-Dipeptidase A / Q000235:genetics*; D011110:Polymorphism, Genetic; D011446:Prospective Studies; D018570:Risk Assessment
chemical_list: C488034:ACE protein, human; D007703:Peptidyl-Dipeptidase A
keywords: ACE I/D; DM type; diabetic retinopathy; ethnicity; polymorphism