title: Comparative study on production, reproduction and functional traits between Fleckvieh and Braunvieh cattle.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Aim of the current comparative study was to evaluate production outputs, reproduction efficiency and functional traits in dual-purpose Fleckvieh and Braunvieh cows, reared under temperate European conditions.
  
  
  METHODS
  A data-set from 414 Fleckvieh and 42 Braunvieh cows and 799 lactations was analysed. ID tag number, milk yield per milking session, number of steps/interval and milk conductivity were recorded and collected daily using AfiMilk 3.076 A-DU software (Afimilk Ltd., Kibbutz, Israel). Production and milk quality data were taken from the results of the official performance recordings and the reproductive outputs of cows were recorded by the research stations veterinarians. Comparisons between the two genotypes were carried out using the one way analysis of variance protocol, with categorical factor being considered the breed of cows. All the statistical inferences were carried out using Statistica software (StatSoft Inc., Tulsa, OK, USA).
  
  
  RESULTS
  Fleckvieh cows significantly outperformed (p≤0.05) the Braunvieh herd, with average milk yields of 5,252.1±35.79 kg and 4,897.6±128.94 kg, respectively. Age at first calving was significantly (p≤0.01) influenced by the breed, with Fleckvieh heifers being more precocious (32.8±0.29 mo) compared to those of Braunvieh breed (35.7±0.84 mo). Reproduction efficiency as defined by the number of inseminations per gestation, calving interval, dystocia, days dry and days open, was not influenced by genotype (p>0.05). Incidences of sub-clinical mastitis, clinical mastitis, lameness and abortions were not influenced by the breed factor (p>0.05). Stayability of cows was significantly (p≤0.001) influenced by genotype, with Braunvieh cows having an average age at culling of 117.88±11.78 months compared to 90.88±2.89 months in Fleckvieh.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Overall, results have shown that genotype significantly influenced milk yield, age at first calving and longevity.
authors.affiliation: Research and Development Station for Bovine Arad, Academy for Agricultural and Forestry Sciences, Arad 310059, Romania.|Banat's University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine 'King Michael I' from Timişoara, Timisoara 300645, Romania.
authors.forename: Ludovic-Toma
authors.initials: LT
authors.lastname: Cziszter
authors.affiliation: Research and Development Station for Bovine Arad, Academy for Agricultural and Forestry Sciences, Arad 310059, Romania.
authors.forename: Daniela-Elena
authors.initials: DE
authors.lastname: Ilie
authors.affiliation: Research and Development Station for Bovine Arad, Academy for Agricultural and Forestry Sciences, Arad 310059, Romania.
authors.forename: Radu-Ionel
authors.initials: RI
authors.lastname: Neamt
authors.affiliation: Research and Development Station for Bovine Arad, Academy for Agricultural and Forestry Sciences, Arad 310059, Romania.
authors.forename: Florin-Cristian
authors.initials: FC
authors.lastname: Neciu
authors.affiliation: Research and Development Station for Bovine Arad, Academy for Agricultural and Forestry Sciences, Arad 310059, Romania.
authors.forename: Silviu-Ilie
authors.initials: SI
authors.lastname: Saplacan
authors.affiliation: Research and Development Station for Bovine Arad, Academy for Agricultural and Forestry Sciences, Arad 310059, Romania.
authors.forename: Dinu
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Gavojdian
keywords: Animal Welfare; Cattle; Fertility; Mastitis; Milk Yield; Selection