title: Computational models for the determination of depth-dependent mechanical properties of skin with a soft, flexible measurement device.
abstract: Conformal modulus sensors (CMS) incorporate PZT nanoribbons as mechanical actuators and sensors to achieve reversible conformal contact with the human skin for non-invasive,in vivomeasurements of skin modulus. An analytic model presented in this paper yields expressions that connect the sensor output voltage to the Young moduli of the epidermis and dermis, the thickness of the epidermis, as well as the material and geometrical parameters of the CMS device itself and its encapsulation layer. Results from the model agree well within vitroexperiments on bilayer structures of poly(dimethylsiloxane). These results provide a means to determine the skin moduli (epidermis and dermis) and the thickness of the epidermis fromin vivomeasurements of human skin.
authors.affiliation: Center for Mechanics and Materials, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, People's Republic of China; AML, Department of Engineering Mechanics, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, People's Republic of China; Department of Civil an Environmental Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208, USA; Department of Mechanical Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208, USA; Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208, USA; Skin Disease Research Center, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208, USA.
authors.forename: Jianghong
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Yuan
authors.affiliation: The David H. Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA; Harvard Society of Fellows, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA.
authors.forename: Canan
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Dagdeviren
authors.affiliation: Center for Mechanics and Materials, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, People's Republic of China; AML, Department of Engineering Mechanics, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Yan
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Shi
authors.affiliation: Center for Mechanics and Materials, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, People's Republic of China; AML, Department of Engineering Mechanics, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, People's Republic of China; Department of Civil an Environmental Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208, USA; Department of Mechanical Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208, USA; Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208, USA; Skin Disease Research Center, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208, USA.
authors.forename: Yinji
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Ma
authors.affiliation: Center for Mechanics and Materials, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, People's Republic of China; AML, Department of Engineering Mechanics, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Xue
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Feng
authors.affiliation: Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA; Frederick Seitz Materials Research Laboratory, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA.
authors.forename: John A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Rogers
authors.affiliation: Department of Civil an Environmental Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208, USA; Department of Mechanical Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208, USA; Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208, USA; Skin Disease Research Center, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208, USA.
authors.forename: Yonggang
authors.identifier: 0000-0002-0483-8359
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Huang
keywords: conformal modulus sensors; electromechanical coupling; epidermis and dermis; skin moduli