title: Relationship Between Vitamin D Deficiency and the Components of Metabolic Syndrome in Patients with Morbid Obesity, Before and 1 Year After Laparoscopic Roux-en-Y Gastric Bypass or Sleeve Gastrectomy.
abstract: Vitamin D deficiency (VDD) is associated with obesity and metabolic syndrome (MS). After bariatric surgery (BS), high rates of VDD often persist and some patients are refractory to the resolution of comorbidities. The aim of the present study is to analyse the relationship between the levels of vitamin D and the persistence of MS components at 12 months after BS, according to the surgical technique used.
  
  
  
  We performed a retrospective study of 46 patients undergoing BS: 23 underwent laparoscopic Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (LRYGBP) and 23 laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy (LSG). These patients had an average BMI of 45 kg/m2(34-63). Levels of vitamin D were classified as deficient (<20 ng/dl), insufficient (20-30 ng/dl) or normal (>30 ng/dl) and analysed in relation to the components of MS (high blood pressure (HBP), dyslipidaemia (DL) and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) preoperatively and 12 months after surgery.
  
  
  
  VDD was observed in 77% of the patients prior to surgery. There were no significant associations between predisposing factors and baseline vitamin D. After surgery, plasma levels of vitamin D increased in both groups, but only 18% of the patients achieved normal values. Both groups had achieved significant improvements in MS components. Thus, 63% of all the patients achieved complete resolution of HBP, 54% that of DL and 77% that of T2DM. Moreover, MS was present in 11% of the patients, compared to 63% at baseline, and the MS resolution rate was 83%, with no significant differences between LRYGBP and LSG.
  
  
  
  There is a relationship between VDD and persistence of MS, and particularly so with T2DM. VDD could represent a predictor of MS persistence at 12 months after surgery.
authors.affiliation: Department of Bariatric Surgery, Costa del Sol Hospital, Marbella, Málaga, Spain. anabichop@hotmail.com.
authors.forename: Ana
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Obispo Entrenas
authors.affiliation: Department of Gastroenterology Surgery, Costa del Sol Hospital, Marbella, Málaga, Spain.
authors.forename: David
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Legupin Tubio
authors.affiliation: Department of Bariatric Surgery, Costa del Sol Hospital, Marbella, Málaga, Spain.
authors.forename: Fabiola
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Lucena Navarro
authors.affiliation: Department of Bariatric Surgery, Costa del Sol Hospital, Marbella, Málaga, Spain.
authors.forename: Francisco
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Martin Carvajal
authors.affiliation: Department of Bariatric Surgery, Costa del Sol Hospital, Marbella, Málaga, Spain.
authors.forename: Norberto
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Gandara Adan
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgical Specialties, Biochemical and Immunological, Faculty of Medicine, Malaga University, Malaga, Spain.
authors.forename: Maximino
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Redondo Bautista
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical Nutrition, Costa del Sol Hospital, Marbella, Malaga, Spain.
authors.forename: Jimena
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Abiles Osinaga
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D015897:Comorbidity; D003924:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / Q000453:epidemiology; D050171:Dyslipidemias / Q000453:epidemiology; D005260:Female; D005743:Gastrectomy; D015390:Gastric Bypass; D006801:Humans; D006973:Hypertension / Q000453:epidemiology; D010535:Laparoscopy; D008297:Male; D024821:Metabolic Syndrome / Q000150:complications / Q000453:epidemiology*; D008875:Middle Aged; D009767:Obesity, Morbid / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000601:surgery*; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D014808:Vitamin D Deficiency / Q000150:complications / Q000453:epidemiology*; D055815:Young Adult
keywords: Bariatric surgery; Laparoscopic; Laparoscopic Roux-en-Y gastric bypass; Metabolic syndrome; Obesity; Sleeve gastrectomy; Vitamin D deficiency