title: The Effect of Ginger Extract on the Incidence and Severity of Nausea and Vomiting After Cesarean Section Under Spinal Anesthesia.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Nausea and vomiting are one of the most common complications of cesarean sections under spinal anesthesia. Recently, the use of drugs to treat nausea and vomiting has decreased, and nonpharmaceutical and alternative traditional medicine are often preferred.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  This study aimed to determine the effect of ginger extract on the incidence and severity of nausea and vomiting after cesarean section under spinal anesthesia.
  
  
  METHODS
  In this double-blind randomized clinical trial, 92 pregnant women, each of whom underwent a cesarean section under spinal anesthesia, were divided in two groups: a control group and an intervention group. The intervention group received 25 drops of ginger extract in 30 cc of water, and the control group received 30 cc of water one hour before surgery. The incidence and severity of nausea and vomiting were assessed during the surgery and two and four hours after the surgery using a self-report scale. Data analysis was performed using SPSS software and statistical tests.
  
  
  RESULTS
  There was no statistically significant difference between the two groups in terms of maternal age, duration of fasting, duration of surgery, and confounding factors (P > 0.05). According to an independent t-test, there was a significant relationship between the two groups in terms of the incidence and mean severity score of nausea and vomiting during the cesarean section (P < 0.05). However, no statistically significant relationship was found between the two groups in terms of the incidence and mean severity score of nausea and vomiting two and four hours after surgery (P > 0.05).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The findings of this study showed that ginger extract can be used for the prevention of nausea and vomiting during cesarean section under spinal anesthesia.
authors.affiliation: Anesthesiology Department, School of Nursing and Midwifery, North Khorasan University of Medical Sciences, Bojnurd, Iran.
authors.forename: Hossein
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Zeraati
authors.affiliation: Anesthesiology Department, School of Nursing and Midwifery, North Khorasan University of Medical Sciences, Bojnurd, Iran.
authors.forename: Javad
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Shahinfar
authors.affiliation: Anesthesiology Department, Emam Ali Hospital, North Khorasan University of Medical Sciences, Bojnurd, Iran.
authors.forename: Shiva
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Imani Hesari
authors.affiliation: Health Department, North Khorasan University of Medical Sciences, Bojnurd, Iran.
authors.forename: Mahnaz
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Masrorniya
authors.affiliation: School of Nursing and Midwifery, Jahrom University of Medical Sciences, Jahrom, Iran.
authors.forename: Fatemeh
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Nasimi
keywords: Cesarean Section; Ginger; Nausea; Spinal Anesthesia; Vomiting