title: Influence of dissolution-modifying excipients in various pharmaceutical formulations on electronic tongue results.
abstract: The overall performance of a potentiometric electronic tongue (ET) as well as the sensitivity and selectivity pattern of particular ion-selective electrodes forming the array towards exemplary APIs (metamizole sodium, pseudoephedrine sulphate) and excipients (hypromellose, carmellose, Eudragit E) was determined. Simultaneous sensing of both API and the encapsulating excipient in their physical mixture was noticed using potentiometric sensors. Usually, such altering of chemical image is treated as an evidence of taste masking/modified release effect (linked with chemical entrapment of API in polymer matrix), while the observed "mixture effect" can also take place which may complicate the interpretation of ET results. Moreover, the influence of the same excipients on chemical images of various APIs was compared and related to sensor array performance. The presented considerations should be taken into account in the case of ET assessment of drug dissolution profiles and detection of modified release effect, especially when novel drug delivery systems are considered.
authors.affiliation: Department of Microbioanalytics, Warsaw University of Technology, Noakowskiego 3, 00-664 Warsaw, Poland. Electronic address: mwesoly@ch.pw.edu.pl.
authors.forename: Małgorzata
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Wesoły
authors.affiliation: Department of Applied Pharmacy, Gdańsk Medical University, Al. Gen. J. Hallera 107, 80-416 Gdańsk, Poland.
authors.forename: Krzysztof
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Cal
authors.affiliation: Department of Microbioanalytics, Warsaw University of Technology, Noakowskiego 3, 00-664 Warsaw, Poland.
authors.forename: Patrycja
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Ciosek
authors.affiliation: Department of Microbioanalytics, Warsaw University of Technology, Noakowskiego 3, 00-664 Warsaw, Poland.
authors.forename: Wojciech
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Wróblewski
mesh_terms: D002626:Chemistry, Pharmaceutical / Q000379:methods*; D004177:Dipyrone / Q000737:chemistry; D004339:Drug Compounding / Q000379:methods*; D062609:Electronic Nose; D005079:Excipients / Q000737:chemistry*; D065347:Hypromellose Derivatives / Q000737:chemistry; D017736:Ion-Selective Electrodes; D007700:Kinetics; D004364:Pharmaceutical Preparations / Q000737:chemistry*; D011199:Potentiometry / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods; D012995:Solubility; D013649:Taste
chemical_list: D005079:Excipients; D004364:Pharmaceutical Preparations; D065347:Hypromellose Derivatives; D004177:Dipyrone
keywords: Dissolution test; Drug release; Electronic tongue; Excipient release; Potentiometric sensors; Sensor selectivity