title: Wound Healing Activity and Chemical Standardization ofEugenia pruniformisCambess.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Eugenia pruniformisis an endemic species from Brazil. Eugenia genus has flavonoids as one of the remarkable chemical classes which are related to the improvement of the healing process.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate of wound healing activity ofE. pruniformisleaves and to identify and quantify its main flavonoids compounds.
  
  
  METHODS
  Wound excision model in rats was used to verify the hydroethanolic and ethyl acetate extracts potential. The animals were divided in four groups of six and the samples were evaluated until the 15° day of treatment. Hydroxyproline dosage and histological staining with hematoxilin-eosin and Sirius Red were used to observe the tissue organization and quantify the collagen deposition, respectively. Chemical compounds of the ethyl acetate extract were identified by chromatographic techniques and mass spectrometry analysis and total flavonoids content was determined by spectrophotometric method. The antioxidant activity was determined by oxygen radical absorbing capacity (ORAC) and 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazylhydrate radical photometric (DPPH) assays.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The treated group with the ethyl acetate extract showed collagen deposition increase, higher levels of hidroxyproline, better tissue reorganization and complete remodeling of epidermis. Quercetin, kaempferol and hyperoside were identified as main compounds and flavonoids content value was 43% (w/w). The ORAC value of the ethyl acetate extract was 0.81± 0.05 mmol TE/g whereas the concentration to produce 50% reduction of the DPPH was 7.05± 0.09 μg/mL.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The data indicate a wound healing and antioxidant activities ofE. pruniformis. This study is the first report of flavonoids and wound healing activity ofE. pruniformis.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Eugenia pruniformisextract accelerates wound healing in skin rat model, probably due to its involvement with the collagen deposition increase, higher levels of hidroxyproline, dermal remodelling and potent antioxidant activity. Chemical standardization of the active wound healing extract was done. The total flavonoid content was 43% (w/w) and quercetin, kaempferol and hyperoside were identified as main compounds.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Wound excision model in rats showed the potential wound healing activity ofE. pruniformisby collagen deposition increase, higher levels of hidroxyproline, better tissue reorganization and complete remodeling of epidermis.Flavonoids are the main compounds of the endemicE. pruniformisand quercetin, kaempferol and hyperoside were identified in ethyl acetate extract by TLC, HPLC-PDA and HRESI-MS analysis.The ethyl acetate extract ofE. pruniformisshowed a potent antioxidant activity by ORAC and DPPH assaysAbbreviation used:NC: Negative control, PC: Positive control, CH: Crude hydroethanolic extract, EA: Ethyl acetate extract, TE: Trolox equivalent, mg: Milligram, mM: Millimolar, mL: Milliliter, HPLC-PDA: High performance liquid chromatography with a photodiode array detector, HRESI-MS: High-resolution electrospray ionization mass spectrometry analysis, TLC: Thin layer chromatography, ORAC: Oxygen radical absorbance capacity, w/v: Weight per volume.
authors.affiliation: Programa de Pós Graduação em Biotecnologia Vegetal, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil; Laboratório de Tecnologia de Produtos Naturais, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade Federal Fluminense, Niterói, RJ, Brasil.
authors.forename: Ricardo Diego Duarte Galhardo
authors.initials: RD
authors.lastname: de Albuquerque
authors.affiliation: Laboratório de Pesquisas em Ciências Farmacêuticas, Unidade de Farmácia, Centro Universitário Estadual da Zona Oeste do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil.
authors.forename: Jamila Alessandra
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Perini
authors.affiliation: Laboratório de Pesquisas em Ciências Farmacêuticas, Unidade de Farmácia, Centro Universitário Estadual da Zona Oeste do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil.
authors.forename: Daniel Escorsim
authors.initials: DE
authors.lastname: Machado
authors.affiliation: Laboratório de Pesquisas em Ciências Farmacêuticas, Unidade de Farmácia, Centro Universitário Estadual da Zona Oeste do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil.
authors.forename: Thaís
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Angeli-Gamba
authors.affiliation: Laboratório de Tecnologia de Produtos Naturais, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade Federal Fluminense, Niterói, RJ, Brasil.
authors.forename: Ricardo Dos Santos
authors.initials: RD
authors.lastname: Esteves
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Ciências, Faculdade de Formação de Professores, Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, São Gonçalo, RJ, Brasil.
authors.forename: Marcelo Guerra
authors.initials: MG
authors.lastname: Santos
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Fármacos e Medicamentos, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil.
authors.forename: Adriana Passos
authors.initials: AP
authors.lastname: Oliveira
authors.affiliation: Programa de Pós Graduação em Biotecnologia Vegetal, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil; Laboratório de Tecnologia de Produtos Naturais, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade Federal Fluminense, Niterói, RJ, Brasil.
authors.forename: Leandro
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Rocha
keywords: Eugenia pruniformis; flavonoids; myrtaceae; wound healing