title: Ethics, Risk, and Media Intervention: Women's Breast Cancer in Venezuela.
abstract: Breast cancer incidence and mortality rates are of concern among Latin American women, mainly due to the growing prevalence of this disease and the lack of compliance to proper breast cancer screening and treatment. Focusing on Venezuelan women and the challenges and barriers that interact with their health communication, this paper looks into issues surrounding women's breast cancer, such as the challenges and barriers to breast cancer care, the relevant ethics and responsibilities, the right to health, breast cancer risk perception and risk communication, and the media interventions that affect Venezuelan women's perceptions and actions pertaining to this disease. In particular, it describes an action-oriented research project in Venezuela that was conducted over a four-year period of collaborative work among researchers, practitioners, NGOs, patients, journalists, and policymakers. The outcomes include positive indications on more effective interactions between physicians and patients, increasing satisfactions about issues of ethical treatment in providing healthcare services, more sufficient and responsible media coverage of breast cancer healthcare services and information, a widely supported declaration for a national response against breast cancer in Venezuela, and the creation of a code of ethics for the Venezuelan NGO that led the expansion of networking in support of women's breast cancer healthcare.
authors.affiliation: Department of Communication, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada.
authors.forename: Mahmoud
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Eid
authors.affiliation: Department of Communication, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada.
authors.forename: Isaac
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Nahon-Serfaty
keywords: Breast Cancer; Breast Cancer Screening; Culture; Decision-making; Ethics; Health Communication; Healthcare; Latin America; Media; Right to Health; Risk Communication; Venezuela; Women