title: Postconditioning: "Toll-erating" mesenteric ischemia-reperfusion injury?
abstract: Postconditioning may prove to be a suitable method to decrease ischemia-reperfusion injury of intestine after mesenteric arterial occlusion. Toll-like-receptor-4 is involved in the pathophysiology of organ damage after ischemia-reperfusion; therefore, the aim of our study was to investigate the effect of postconditioning on the mucosal expression of toll-like-receptor-4.
  
  
  
  Male Wistar rats (n = 10/group) underwent 60 minutes of superior mesenteric artery occlusion followed by 6 hours of reperfusion in 3 groups: sham-operated, ischemia-reperfusion, and a postconditioned group. Postconditioning was performed by 6 alternating cycles of 10 seconds of reperfusion/reocclusion. Blood and tissue samples were collected at the end of reperfusion. Intestinal histopathologic changes and immunohistochemical expression of mucosal caspase-3, antioxidant status, and protein levels of high-mobility group box-1 and toll-like-receptor-4 were assessed. Immunofluorescent labeling and confocal microscopic analysis of toll-like-receptor-4 were performed. Mucosal and serum levels of interleukin-6 and tumor necrosis factor-α protein were measured.
  
  
  
  Histologic alterations in the postconditioned group were associated with decreased caspase-3 positivity, less toll-like-receptor-4 mRNA, and less protein expression of high-mobility group box-1 and toll-like-receptor-4 in the intestinal villi compared with the ischemia-reperfusion group. Furthermore, a significantly improved antioxidant state of the intestinal mucosa and less mucosal and serum protein levels of interleukin-6 and tumor necrosis factor-α were detected in the postconditioned group.
  
  
  
  Small intestinal ischemia-reperfusion injury in male Wistar rats caused by the occlusion of the superior mesenteric artery was ameliorated by the use of postconditioning, showing a more favorable inflammatory response, which may be attributed to the decreased mucosal expression of toll-like-receptor-4.
authors.affiliation: 1st Department of Surgery, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary. Electronic address: oliveross@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Olivér
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Rosero
authors.affiliation: 1st Department of Surgery, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary.
authors.forename: Péter
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Ónody
authors.affiliation: 1st Department of Surgery, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary.
authors.forename: Tibor
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Kovács
authors.affiliation: Department of Human Morphology and Developmental Biology, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary.
authors.forename: Dávid
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Molnár
authors.affiliation: 1st Department of Surgery, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary.
authors.forename: András
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Fülöp
authors.affiliation: 2nd Department of Pathology, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary.
authors.forename: Gábor
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Lotz
authors.affiliation: 1st Department of Surgery, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary.
authors.forename: László
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Harsányi
authors.affiliation: 1st Department of Surgery, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary.
authors.forename: Attila
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Szijártó
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000097:blood; D001707:Biopsy, Needle; D015153:Blotting, Western; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D007413:Intestinal Mucosa / Q000098:blood supply; D057775:Ischemic Postconditioning / Q000379:methods*; D019194:Ischemic Preconditioning / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000379:methods; D008297:Male; D065666:Mesenteric Ischemia / Q000473:pathology* / Q000628:therapy*; D018613:Microscopy, Confocal; D011897:Random Allocation; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species / Q000378:metabolism; D015427:Reperfusion Injury / Q000517:prevention & control*; D051197:Toll-Like Receptor 4 / Q000378:metabolism*; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species; D051197:Toll-Like Receptor 4