title: Lessons learned in the development and evaluation of RxCoach™, an mHealth app to increase tobacco cessation medication adherence.
abstract: In this project we developed and evaluated a mobile health app to improve adherence to tobacco cessation medication.
  
  
  
  The study was conducted in three phases: (1) Create app with input from our consultant, focus groups and user testing; (2) Test feasibility of the app; and (3) Develop and user-test the barcode scanner.
  
  
  
  Focus group feedback was instrumental in developing content and creating the user interface. User testing helped to identify problems and refine the app. The feasibility trial provided "real world" testing. We experienced challenges in recruitment due to the inclusion criteria. We had high attrition due to technical issues, medication side effects, enrollment procedures, and lack of personal contact. Among the five retained participants, use of the app was associated with good medication adherence and high consumer satisfaction.
  
  
  
  The small sample size limits the generalizability of the findings and the conclusions that can be drawn from the study. However, the feasibility trial enabled the team to identify ways to improve the conduct of this and other mHealth studies.
  
  
  
  We should expand RxCoach to include all prescription and over-the-counter tobacco cessation medications, and re-test for feasibility using lessons learned to improve recruitment and retention.
authors.affiliation: University of Arizona, Department of Family and Community Medicine, Tucson, AZ, United States. Electronic address: judithg@email.arizona.edu.
authors.forename: Judith S
authors.initials: JS
authors.lastname: Gordon
authors.affiliation: University of Arizona, Department of Family and Community Medicine, Tucson, AZ, United States.
authors.forename: Julie S
authors.initials: JS
authors.lastname: Armin
authors.affiliation: University of Arizona, Department of Family and Community Medicine, Tucson, AZ, United States.
authors.forename: James K
authors.initials: JK
authors.lastname: Cunningham
authors.affiliation: University of Arizona, Department of Family and Community Medicine, Tucson, AZ, United States.
authors.forename: Myra L
authors.initials: ML
authors.lastname: Muramoto
authors.affiliation: InterVision Media, Inc., Eugene, OR 97401, United States.
authors.forename: Steven M
authors.initials: SM
authors.lastname: Christiansen
authors.affiliation: InterVision Media, Inc., Eugene, OR 97401, United States.
authors.forename: Thomas A
authors.initials: TA
authors.lastname: Jacobs
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D040421:Cell Phone; D005246:Feedback; D017144:Focus Groups; D006293:Health Promotion / Q000379:methods; D006801:Humans; D055118:Medication Adherence; D008875:Middle Aged; D063731:Mobile Applications; D017060:Patient Satisfaction; D012907:Smoking / Q000523:psychology*; D017216:Telemedicine; D020340:Tobacco Use Cessation; D055815:Young Adult
keywords: Cessation; Medication adherence; Mobile app; Smoking; mHealth