title: CST, an Herbal Formula, Exerts Anti-Obesity Effects through Brain-Gut-Adipose Tissue Axis Modulation in High-Fat Diet Fed Mice.
abstract: The brain, gut, and adipose tissue interact to control metabolic pathways, and impairment in the brain-gut-adipose axis can lead to metabolic disorders, including obesity.Chowiseungcheng-tang(CST), a herbal formulation, is frequently used to treat metabolic disorders. Here, we investigated the anti-obesity effect of CST and its link with brain-gut-adipose axis using C57BL/6J mice as a model. The animals were provided with a normal research diet (NRD) or high-fat diet (HFD) in absence or presence of CST or orlistat (ORL) for 12 weeks. CST had a significant anti-obesity effect on a number of vital metabolic and obesity-related parameters in HFD-fed mice. CST significantly decreased the expression levels of genes encoding obesity-promoting neuropeptides (agouti-related peptide, neuropeptide Y), and increased the mRNA levels of obesity-suppressing neuropeptides (proopiomelanocortin, cocaine-and amphetamine-regulated transcript) in the hypothalamus. CST also effectively decreased the expression level of gene encoding obesity-promoting adipokine (retinol-binding protein-4) and increased the mRNA level of obesity-suppressing adipokine (adiponectin) in visceral adipose tissue (VAT). Additionally, CST altered the gut microbial composition in HFD groups, a phenomenon strongly associated with key metabolic parameters, neuropeptides, and adipokines. Our findings reveal that the anti-obesity impact of CST is mediated through modulation of metabolism-related neuropeptides, adipokines, and gut microbial composition.
authors.affiliation: Department of Rehabilitation Medicine of Korean Medicine, Dongguk University, 814-Siksa-dong, Goyang, Gyeonggi-do 10326, South Korea. abu.zar.0313@outlook.com.
authors.forename: AbuZar
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Ansari
authors.affiliation: NosQuest, 463-400 USPACE 1A-1103, Daewang Pangyoro 660, Bundanggu, Seongnamsi, Gyeonggi-do 13494, South Korea. shambose@yahoo.com.
authors.forename: Shambhunath
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Bose
authors.affiliation: Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery & Institute for Medical Device Clinical Trials, College of Medicine, Korea University, 148 Gurodong-ro, Guro-gu, Seoul 08308, South Korea. mukiyadav@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Mukesh Kumar
authors.initials: MK
authors.lastname: Yadav
authors.affiliation: Department of Rehabilitation Medicine of Korean Medicine, Dongguk University, 814-Siksa-dong, Goyang, Gyeonggi-do 10326, South Korea. ewccwang@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Jing-Hua
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: Department of Korean Rehabilitation Medicine, College of Korean Medicine, Gachon University, Incheon 22318, South Korea. lyricsong@naver.com.
authors.forename: Yun-Kyung
authors.initials: YK
authors.lastname: Song
authors.affiliation: Department of Preventive Medicine, College of Korean Medicine, Kyunghee University, Seoul 02453, South Korea. epiko@khu.ac.kr.
authors.forename: Seong-Gyu
authors.initials: SG
authors.lastname: Ko
authors.affiliation: Department of Rehabilitation Medicine of Korean Medicine, Dongguk University, 814-Siksa-dong, Goyang, Gyeonggi-do 10326, South Korea. kimklar@dongguk.ac.kr.
authors.forename: Hojun
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Kim
mesh_terms: D054392:Adipokines / Q000235:genetics; D000273:Adipose Tissue / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism; D050154:Adiposity / Q000187:drug effects; D000818:Animals; D019440:Anti-Obesity Agents / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000494:pharmacology*; D015415:Biomarkers; D001786:Blood Glucose / Q000187:drug effects; D001835:Body Weight / Q000187:drug effects; D001921:Brain / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism; D059305:Diet, High-Fat; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D004734:Energy Metabolism / Q000187:drug effects; D000069196:Gastrointestinal Microbiome / Q000187:drug effects; D041981:Gastrointestinal Tract / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism; D005786:Gene Expression Regulation / Q000187:drug effects; D007328:Insulin / Q000097:blood; D008055:Lipids / Q000097:blood; D008111:Liver Function Tests; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D009479:Neuropeptides / Q000235:genetics; D009765:Obesity / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000209:etiology / Q000378:metabolism; D009929:Organ Size / Q000187:drug effects; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000494:pharmacology*
chemical_list: D054392:Adipokines; D019440:Anti-Obesity Agents; D015415:Biomarkers; D001786:Blood Glucose; D007328:Insulin; D008055:Lipids; D009479:Neuropeptides; D010936:Plant Extracts
keywords: adipokine; brain-gut-adipose tissue axis; chowiseungcheng-tang; gut microbiota; herb; neuropeptide; obesity