title: Ferns, mosses and liverworts as model systems for light-mediated chloroplast movements.
abstract: Light-induced chloroplast movement is found in most plant species, including algae and land plants. In land plants with multiple small chloroplasts, under weak light conditions, the chloroplasts move towards the light and accumulate on the periclinal cell walls to efficiently perceive light for photosynthesis (the accumulation response). Under strong light conditions, chloroplasts escape from light to avoid photodamage (the avoidance response). In most plant species, blue light induces chloroplast movement, and phototropin receptor kinases are the blue light receptors. Molecular mechanisms for photoreceptors, signal transduction and chloroplast motility systems are being studied using the model plant Arabidopsis thaliana. However, to further understand the molecular mechanisms and evolutionary history of chloroplast movement in green plants, analyses using other plant systems are required. Here, we review recent works on chloroplast movement in green algae, liverwort, mosses and ferns that provide new insights on chloroplast movement.
authors.affiliation: Graduate School of Biostudies, Kyoto University, Kyoto, 606-8502, Japan.
authors.forename: Noriyuki
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Suetsugu
authors.affiliation: Department of Biological Sciences, Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Tokyo Metropolitan University, Tokyo, 192-0397, Japan.
authors.forename: Takeshi
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Higa
authors.affiliation: Department of Biological Sciences, Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Tokyo Metropolitan University, Tokyo, 192-0397, Japan.
authors.forename: Masamitsu
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Wada
mesh_terms: D044002:Bryophyta / Q000502:physiology* / Q000528:radiation effects; D002736:Chloroplasts / Q000502:physiology* / Q000528:radiation effects; D029624:Ferns / Q000502:physiology* / Q000528:radiation effects; D035926:Hepatophyta / Q000502:physiology* / Q000528:radiation effects; D008027:Light; D008954:Models, Biological; D009068:Movement
keywords: land plants; phototropin