title: Anhedonia and its correlation with clinical aspects in Parkinson's disease.
abstract: Anhedonia is one of the non-motor symptoms observed in the Parkinson's disease (PD). However, there is no clear relationship between anhedonia and its correlation with other symptoms of PD. The aim of this study is to evaluate the characteristics of anhedonia and its correlation with clinical aspects of PD in a relatively large cohort. We enrolled 318 patients with PD and 62 control subjects for this study. Patients and subjects were tested using the Snaith-Hamilton Pleasure Scale Japanese version and the Beck Depression Inventory 2nd edition for the assessment of anhedonia and depression. We also investigated the correlation among clinical aspects of PD, anhedonia, and depression in patients with PD. The Snaith-Hamilton Pleasure Scale Japanese version and the Beck Depression Inventory 2nd edition scores were significantly higher in patients with PD than in control subjects (p=0.03 and p=0.0006, respectively). All PD patients with anhedonia had a significantly higher score on the unified Parkinson's disease rating scale (UPDRS) parts I and II compared to PD patients without anhedonia. Additionally, all PD patients with depression scored significantly higher on UPDRS part I-IV than PD patients without depression. The patients with anhedonia and without depression had mild motor severity and their treatment was relatively low dosage. These results suggest that anhedonia and depression are slightly linked, but not the same. PD patients with only anhedonia may be closely linked apathy found in untreated early stages of PD.
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurological Science, Graduate School of Medicine, Nippon Medical School, Tokyo, Japan. Electronic address: nagayama@nms.ac.jp.
authors.forename: Hiroshi
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Nagayama
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology and Movement Disorder Research, Research Institute for Brain and Blood Vessels-Akita, Akita, Japan.
authors.forename: Tetsuya
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Maeda
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, Seirei Hamamatsu General Hospital, Hamamatsu, Japan.
authors.forename: Tsuyoshi
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Uchiyama
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, The Jikei University Katsushika Medical Center, Tokyo, Japan.
authors.forename: Masaya
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Hashimoto
authors.affiliation: Division of Neurology, Department of Internal Medicine, Toho University Ohashi Medical Center, Tokyo, Japan.
authors.forename: Nobuatsu
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Nomoto
authors.affiliation: Division of Neurology, Department of Internal Medicine, Toho University Omori Medical Center, Tokyo, Japan.
authors.forename: Osamu
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Kano
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, National Hospital Organization Yokohama Medical Center, Yokohama, Japan.
authors.forename: Tatsuya
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Takahashi
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, Tokyo Medical University, Tokyo, Japan.
authors.forename: Hiroo
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Terashi
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, Hokuyukai Neurological Hospital, Sapporo, Japan.
authors.forename: Shinsuke
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Hamada
authors.affiliation: Division of Neurology, Department of Neuroscience & Sensory Organs, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan.
authors.forename: Takafumi
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Hasegawa
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, Juntendo University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan.
authors.forename: Taku
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Hatano
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical Neuroscience and Therapeutics, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan.
authors.forename: Tetsuya
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Takahashi
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, Houei Clinic, Miyazaki, Japan.
authors.forename: Yasuhiko
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Baba
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, The Jikei University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan.
authors.forename: Renpei
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Sengoku
authors.affiliation: Brain and Mind Research Center, Nagoya Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan.
authors.forename: Hirohisa
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Watanabe
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, Showa University Fujigaoka Hospital, Yokohama, Japan.
authors.forename: Manabu
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Inoue
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, Dokkyo Medical University, Tochigi, Japan.
authors.forename: Taro
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Kadowaki
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, Kansai Medical University, Osaka, Japan.
authors.forename: Satoshi
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Kaneko
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, Juntendo University Urayasu Hospital, Urayasu, Japan.
authors.forename: Hideki
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Shimura
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, Juntendo University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan.
authors.forename: Shin-Ichiro
authors.initials: SI
authors.lastname: Kubo
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D059445:Anhedonia / Q000502:physiology*; D015331:Cohort Studies; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D003863:Depression / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000209:etiology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007564:Japan; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010300:Parkinson Disease / Q000150:complications / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000523:psychology; D011569:Psychiatric Status Rating Scales; D012720:Severity of Illness Index
keywords: Anhedonia; Depression; Parkinson's disease; Snaith–Hamilton Pleasure Scale