title: [ANMCO/SICP/SIGO Consensus document: Pregnancy and congenital heart disease].
abstract: The success of cardiac surgery over the past 50 years has increased numbers and median age of survivors with congenital heart disease (CHD). Adults now represent two-thirds of patients with CHD; in the United States alone the number is estimated to exceed 1 million.In this population many affected women reach reproductive age and wish to have children. While in many CHD patients pregnancy can be accomplished successfully, some special situations with complex anatomy, iatrogenic or residual pathology are associated with an increased risk of severe maternal and fetal complications. Pre-conception counseling allows women to come to truly informed choices. Risk stratification tools can also help high-risk women to eventually renounce to pregnancy and to adopt safe contraception options. Once pregnant, women identified as intermediate or high-risk should receive multidisciplinary care involving a cardiologist, an obstetrician and an anesthesiologist with specific expertise in managing this peculiar medical challenge.This document is intended to provide cardiologists working in hospitals where an Obstetrics and Gynecology Department is available with a streamlined and practical tool, useful for them to select the best management strategies to deal with a woman affected by CHD who desires to plan pregnancy or is already pregnant.
authors.affiliation: U.O.C. Cardiologia Pediatrica, Dipartimento Materno-Infantile, Azienda di Rilievo Nazionale e Alta Specializzazione "Garibaldi", Catania.
authors.forename: Innocenzo
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Bianca
authors.affiliation: U.O.C. Cardiologia, P.O. Cervello, A.O. Riuniti Villa Sofia-Cervello, Palermo.
authors.forename: Giovanna
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Geraci
authors.affiliation: U.O.C. Cardiologia, Ospedale Garibaldi-Nesima, Azienda di Rilievo Nazionale e Alta Specializzazione "Garibaldi", Catania.
authors.forename: Michele Massimo
authors.initials: MM
authors.lastname: Gulizia
authors.affiliation: Cardiologia Pediatrica e dell'Età Evolutiva, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria S. Orsola-Malpighi, Bologna.
authors.forename: Gabriele
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Egidy-Assenza
authors.affiliation: Genetica Medica, Dipartimento Materno-Infantile, Azienda di Rilievo Nazionale e Alta Specializzazione "Garibaldi", Catania.
authors.forename: Chiara
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Barone
authors.affiliation: U.O.C. Cardiologia Pediatrica, Dipartimento Materno-Infantile, Azienda di Rilievo Nazionale e Alta Specializzazione "Garibaldi", Catania.
authors.forename: Marcello
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Campisi
authors.affiliation: U.O.C. Cardiologia Pediatrica, P.O. "G. Di Cristina", ARNAS Civico, Palermo.
authors.forename: Annalisa
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Alaimo
authors.affiliation: U.O. Cardiologia Pediatrica, Ospedale Pediatrico Bambino Gesù, Roma.
authors.forename: Rachele
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Adorisio
authors.affiliation: S.C.D.U. 2, Dipartimento di Scienze Chirurgiche, Università degli Studi, Torino.
authors.forename: Francesca
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Comoglio
authors.affiliation: S.O.D.C. Cardiologia Pediatrica, Azienda-Ospedaliero-Universitaria Meyer, Firenze.
authors.forename: Silvia
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Favilli
authors.affiliation: S.C. Cardiologia Pediatrica, Ospedale Regina Margherita, A.O.U. Città della Salute e della Scienza, Torino.
authors.forename: Gabriella
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Agnoletti
authors.affiliation: U.O.C. Cardiologia, P.O. Cervello, A.O. Riuniti Villa Sofia-Cervello, Palermo.
authors.forename: Maria Gabriella
authors.initials: MG
authors.lastname: Carmina
authors.affiliation: Centro di Cardiologia Pediatrica e del Cardiopatico Congenito Adulto, IRCCS Policlinico San Donato, San Donato Milanese (MI).
authors.forename: Massimo
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Chessa
authors.affiliation: Cardiologia Pediatrica e Cardiologia SUN, Seconda Università degli Studi, AORN dei Colli-Ospedale Monaldi, Napoli.
authors.forename: Berardo
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Sarubbi
authors.affiliation: U.O.C. Cardiologia Pediatrica, P.O. "G. Di Cristina", ARNAS Civico, Palermo.
authors.forename: Maurizio
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Mongiovì
authors.affiliation: Cardiologia Pediatrica e Cardiologia SUN, Seconda Università degli Studi, AORN dei Colli-Ospedale Monaldi, Napoli.
authors.forename: Maria Giovanna
authors.initials: MG
authors.lastname: Russo
authors.affiliation: Genetica Medica, Dipartimento Materno-Infantile, Azienda di Rilievo Nazionale e Alta Specializzazione "Garibaldi", Catania.
authors.forename: Sebastiano
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Bianca
authors.affiliation: Dipartimento della Salute della Donna e del Bambino, ASP Palermo, Ospedale S. Cimino, Termini Imerese (PA).
authors.forename: Giuseppe
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Canzone
authors.affiliation: Cardiologia Pediatrica e dell'Età Evolutiva, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria S. Orsola-Malpighi, Bologna.
authors.forename: Marco
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Bonvicini
authors.affiliation: S.S.C.V.D. Ecografia e Diagnosi Prenatale, Dipartimento di Ginecologia e Ostetricia, A.O.U. Città della Salute e della Scienza, Torino.
authors.forename: Elsa
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Viora
authors.affiliation: U.O.S.D. Terapia Intensiva Cardiologica, ASL Roma 2, Ospedale Sandro Pertini, Roma.
authors.forename: Marco
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Poli
mesh_terms: D003663:Decision Trees; D037001:Directive Counseling; D005260:Female; D006330:Heart Defects, Congenital / Q000150:complications / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000628:therapy*; D006801:Humans; D011247:Pregnancy; D011249:Pregnancy Complications, Cardiovascular / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000628:therapy*; D018570:Risk Assessment