title: An assessment of forward and inverse GIA solutions for Antarctica.
abstract: In this work we assess the most recent estimates of glacial isostatic adjustment (GIA) for Antarctica, including those from both forward and inverse methods. The assessment is based on a comparison of the estimated uplift rates with a set of elastic-corrected GPS vertical velocities. These have been observed from an extensive GPS network and computed using data over the period 2009-2014. We find systematic underestimations of the observed uplift rates in both inverse and forward methods over specific regions of Antarctica characterized by low mantle viscosities and thin lithosphere, such as the northern Antarctic Peninsula and the Amundsen Sea Embayment, where its recent ice discharge history is likely to be playing a role in current GIA. Uplift estimates for regions where many GIA models have traditionally placed their uplift maxima, such as the margins of Filchner-Ronne and Ross ice shelves, are found to be overestimated. GIA estimates show large variability over the interior of East Antarctica which results in increased uncertainties on the ice-sheet mass balance derived from gravimetry methods.
authors.affiliation: School of Geographical Sciences University of Bristol Bristol UK.
authors.forename: Alba
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Martín-Español
authors.affiliation: School of Land and Food University of Tasmania Hobart Tasmania Australia.
authors.forename: Matt A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: King
authors.affiliation: Centre for Environmental Informatics, National Institute for Applied Statistics Research Australia (NIASRA) University of Wollongong Wollongong New South Wales Australia.
authors.forename: Andrew
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Zammit-Mangion
authors.affiliation: School of Civil Engineering and Geosciences Newcastle University Newcastle upon Tyne UK.
authors.forename: Stuart B
authors.initials: SB
authors.lastname: Andrews
authors.affiliation: School of Civil Engineering and Geosciences Newcastle University Newcastle upon Tyne UK.
authors.forename: Philip
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Moore
authors.affiliation: School of Geographical Sciences University of Bristol Bristol UK.
authors.forename: Jonathan L
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: Bamber
keywords: GIA