title: Long-term motor, functional, and academic outcome following childhood ischemic and hemorrhagic stroke: A large rehabilitation center-based retrospective study.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To study the long-term outcomes following childhood ischemic and hemorrhagic stroke.
  
  
  METHODS
  This was a retrospective study, looking at children consecutively admitted to a rehabilitation department following childhood stroke. We collected demographic, medical, and severity data, motor deficit, cognitive assessment, and long-term academic outcome.
  
  
  RESULTS
  One hundred and twenty-eight children were included, following arterial ischemic (AIS; n = 46) or hemorrhagic (HS; n = 82) stroke. At discharge, motor deficit was still present in 70% of children (versus 89% immediately after stroke). HS predicted significantly better motor and functional outcomes than AIS. After a median follow-up of 43 months, 40% received special education. The receipt of special education was predicted by persistent motor deficit, but when full-scale IQ was taken into account, IQ was the only significant predictor of special education.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Childhood stroke leads to severe and long lasting motor, functional, cognitive, and academic impairments, in a population of children admitted in a rehabilitation department.
authors.affiliation: a Rehabilitation Department for Children with Acquired Neurological Injury , Saint Maurice Hospitals , Saint Maurice , France.
authors.forename: Estelle
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Yvon
authors.affiliation: b Rehabiliation Department , Reine Hortense Hospital , Aix-Les-Bains , France.
authors.forename: Delphine
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Lamotte
authors.affiliation: c Outreach team for Children and Adolescents with Acquired Brain Injury , Saint Maurice Hospitals , Saint Maurice , France.
authors.forename: Anne
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Tiberghien
authors.affiliation: d French National Reference Centre for Childhood Stroke , Bellevue Hospital , Saint Etienne , France.
authors.forename: Ingrid
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Godard
authors.affiliation: d French National Reference Centre for Childhood Stroke , Bellevue Hospital , Saint Etienne , France.
authors.forename: Alain
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Mardaye
authors.affiliation: a Rehabilitation Department for Children with Acquired Neurological Injury , Saint Maurice Hospitals , Saint Maurice , France.|c Outreach team for Children and Adolescents with Acquired Brain Injury , Saint Maurice Hospitals , Saint Maurice , France.
authors.forename: Anne
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Laurent-Vannier
authors.affiliation: e Inserm, UMR1153 Epidemiology and Biostatistics Sorbonne Paris Cité Center (CRESS) , Developmental Origins of Health and Disease (ORCHAD) Team , Villejuif , France.|f Paris Descartes University , Paris, France.
authors.forename: Maria De
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Agostini
authors.affiliation: a Rehabilitation Department for Children with Acquired Neurological Injury , Saint Maurice Hospitals , Saint Maurice , France.|d French National Reference Centre for Childhood Stroke , Bellevue Hospital , Saint Etienne , France.|g Sorbonne Universités, UPMC University Paris 06, CNRS UMR 7371, INSERM UMR S 1146 , Laboratoire d'Imagerie Biomédicale (LIB) , Paris , France.|h Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, AP-HP, GRC n°18, Handicap Cognitif et Réadaptation (HanCRe), Hôpitaux de Saint Maurice, Paris, France.
authors.forename: Mathilde
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Chevignard
mesh_terms: D000076363:Academic Success; D002545:Brain Ischemia / Q000534:rehabilitation*; D002648:Child; D019988:Children with Disabilities / Q000193:education / Q000534:rehabilitation*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D020300:Intracranial Hemorrhages / Q000534:rehabilitation*; D008124:Locomotion; D008297:Male; D009048:Motor Skills; D012047:Rehabilitation Centers / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D000071939:Stroke Rehabilitation / Q000379:methods*
keywords: Academic outcome; arterial ischemic stroke; childhood stroke; functional; hemorrhagic stroke; long-term outcome