title: Intestinal bile acid receptors are key regulators of glucose homeostasis.
abstract: In addition to their well-known function as dietary lipid detergents, bile acids have emerged as important signalling molecules that regulate energy homeostasis. Recent studies have highlighted that disrupted bile acid metabolism is associated with metabolism disorders such as dyslipidaemia, intestinal chronic inflammatory diseases and obesity. In particular, type 2 diabetes (T2D) is associated with quantitative and qualitative modifications in bile acid metabolism. Bile acids bind and modulate the activity of transmembrane and nuclear receptors (NR). Among these receptors, the G-protein-coupled bile acid receptor 1 (TGR5) and the NR farnesoid X receptor (FXR) are implicated in the regulation of bile acid, lipid, glucose and energy homeostasis. The role of these receptors in the intestine in energy metabolism regulation has been recently highlighted. More precisely, recent studies have shown that FXR is important for glucose homeostasis in particular in metabolic disorders such as T2D and obesity. This review highlights the growing importance of the bile acid receptors TGR5 and FXR in the intestine as key regulators of glucose metabolism and their potential as therapeutic targets.
authors.affiliation: Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, U1048, Université Paul Sabatier, UPS, Institut des Maladies Métaboliques et Cardiovasculaires (I2MC),CHU Rangueil,1 Avenue Jean Poulhès,BP84225, 31432 Toulouse,Cedex 4,France.
authors.forename: Mohamed-Sami
authors.initials: MS
authors.lastname: Trabelsi
authors.affiliation: University Lille, Inserm, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, U1011-European Genomic Institute for Diabetes,Lille,France.
authors.forename: Sophie
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Lestavel
authors.affiliation: University Lille, Inserm, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, U1011-European Genomic Institute for Diabetes,Lille,France.
authors.forename: Bart
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Staels
authors.affiliation: Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, U1048, Université Paul Sabatier, UPS, Institut des Maladies Métaboliques et Cardiovasculaires (I2MC),CHU Rangueil,1 Avenue Jean Poulhès,BP84225, 31432 Toulouse,Cedex 4,France.
authors.forename: Xavier
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Collet
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D035843:Biomedical Research / Q000193:education / Q000379:methods / Q000639:trends; D001786:Blood Glucose / Q000378:metabolism; D003226:Congresses as Topic; D003924:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / Q000097:blood / Q000378:metabolism*; D004734:Energy Metabolism; D006801:Humans; D007413:Intestinal Mucosa / Q000378:metabolism*; D052756:Nutritional Sciences / Q000193:education / Q000379:methods / Q000639:trends; D009765:Obesity / Q000097:blood / Q000378:metabolism*; D016601:RNA-Binding Proteins / Q000378:metabolism*; D043562:Receptors, G-Protein-Coupled / Q000378:metabolism*; D012958:Societies, Scientific
chemical_list: D001786:Blood Glucose; C096916:FXR1 protein, human; C473772:GPBAR1 protein, human; D016601:RNA-Binding Proteins; D043562:Receptors, G-Protein-Coupled
keywords:  BAS bile acid sequestrants;  CA cholic acid;  CDCA chenodeoxycholic acid;  ChREBP carbohydrate response element-binding protein;  DCA deoxycholic acid;  FGF15/19 fibroblast growth factor 15/19;  FXR farnesoid X receptor;  GF germ-free;  GLP;  GLP glucagon-like peptide;  IP insulinotropic polypeptide;  KO knockout;  MCA muricholic acids;  NR nuclear receptors;  T2D type 2 diabetes;  TCA taurocholate;  WT wild type;  glucagon-like peptide; TGR5 G-protein-coupled bile acid receptor 1; Bile acid sequestrants; Bile acids; Glucagon-like peptide 1; Intestine; Type 2 diabetes