title: Development of Miniaturized Culture Systems for Large Screening of Mycelial Fungal Cells ofAspergillus terreusProducing Itaconic Acid.
abstract: The task of improving a fungal strain is highly time-consuming due to the requirement of a large number of flasks in order to obtain a library with enough diversity. In addition, fermentations (particularly those for fungal cells) are typically performed in high-volume (100-250 ml) shake-flasks. In this study, for large and rapid screening of itaconic acid (IA) high-yielding mutants ofAspergillus terreus, a miniaturized culture method was developed using 12-well and 24-well microtiter plates (MTPs, working volume = 1-2 ml). These miniaturized MTP fermentations were successful, only when highly filamentous forms were induced in the growth cultures. Under these conditions, loose-pelleted morphologies of optimum sizes (less than 0.5 mm in diameter) were casually induced in the MTP production cultures, which turned out to be the prerequisite for the active IA biosynthesis by the mutated strains in the miniaturized fermentations. Another crucial factor for successful MTP fermentation was to supply an optimal amount of dissolved oxygen into the fermentation broth through increasing the agitation speed (240 rpm) and reducing the working volume (1 ml) of each 24-well microtiter plate. Notably, almost identical fermentation physiologies resulted in the 250 ml shake-flasks, as well as in the 12-well and 24-well MTP cultures conducted under the respective optimum conditions, as expressed in terms of the distribution of IA productivity of each mutant. These results reveal that MTP cultures could be considered as viable alternatives for the labor-intensive shake-flask fermentations even for filamentous fungal cells, leading to the rapid development of IA high-yield mutant strains.
authors.affiliation: Green Materials and Process R&BD Group, Korea Institute of Industrial Technology, Cheonan 31056, Republic of Korea.|College of Biomedical Science, Kangwon National University, Chunchon 24341, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Woo-Shik
authors.initials: WS
authors.lastname: Shin
authors.affiliation: Green Materials and Process R&BD Group, Korea Institute of Industrial Technology, Cheonan 31056, Republic of Korea.|Department of Green Process and System Engineering, Korea University of Science and Technology, Daejeon 34113, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Dohoon
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.affiliation: Green Materials and Process R&BD Group, Korea Institute of Industrial Technology, Cheonan 31056, Republic of Korea.|Department of Green Process and System Engineering, Korea University of Science and Technology, Daejeon 34113, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Sangyong
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.affiliation: Department of Food Science and Technology, Chonbuk National University, Jeonju 54896, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Yong-Seob
authors.initials: YS
authors.lastname: Jeong
authors.affiliation: College of Biomedical Science, Kangwon National University, Chunchon 24341, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Gie-Taek
authors.initials: GT
authors.lastname: Chun
keywords: Aspergillus terreus; Itaconic acid; microtiter plate; miniature culture; morphology; strain improvement