title: Khat (Catha edulis) and Obesity: A Scoping Review of Animal and Human Studies.
abstract: Khat (Catha edulis) is a plant that is deeply rooted in the cultural life of East African and Southwestern Arabian populations. Prevalent traditional beliefs about khat are that the plant has an effect on appetite and body weight.
  
  
  
  This review assesses the accumulated evidences on the mutual influence of monoamines, hormones and neuropeptides that are linked to obesity. A few anti-obesity drugs that exert their mechanisms of action through monoamines are briefly discussed to support the notion of monoamines being a critical target of drug discovery for new anti-obesity drugs. Subsequently, the review provides a comprehensive overview of central dopamine and serotonin changes that are associated with the use of khat or its alkaloids. Then, all the studies on khat that describe physical, biochemical and hormonal changes are summarised and discussed in depth.
  
  
  
  The reviewed studies provide relatively acceptable evidence that different khat extracts or cathinone produces changes in terms of weight, fat mass, appetite, lipid biochemistry and hormonal levels. These changes are more pronounced at higher doses and long durations of intervention. The most suggested mechanism of these changes is the central action that produces changes in the physiology of dopamine and serotonin. Nonetheless, there are a number of variations in the study design, including species, doses and durations of intervention, which makes it difficult to arrive at a final conclusion about khat regarding obesity, and further studies are necessary in the future to overcome these limitations.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
authors.forename: Mustafa Ahmed
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Alshagga
authors.forename: Mohammed Abdullah
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Alshawsh
authors.forename: Atefehalsadat
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Seyedan
authors.forename: Abdulsamad
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Alsalahi
authors.forename: Yan
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Pan
authors.forename: Suresh Kumar
authors.initials: SK
authors.lastname: Mohankumar
authors.forename: Abdolgodose
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Alkebsi
authors.forename: Saba
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Kassim
authors.forename: Zahurin
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Mohamed
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001066:Appetite / Q000187:drug effects*; D029754:Catha; D006801:Humans; D023421:Models, Animal; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000494:pharmacology*; D018547:Plant Stems
chemical_list: D010936:Plant Extracts