title: Microemulsion Transdermal Formulation for Simultaneous Delivery of Valsartan and Nifedipine: Formulation by Design.
abstract: The objective of the study was to optimize the proportion of different components for formulating oil in water microemulsion formulation meant for simultaneous transdermal delivery of two poorly soluble antihypertensive drugs. Surface response methodology of Box-Behnken design was utilized to evaluate the effect of two oils (Captex 500 - x1 and Capmul MCM - x2) and surfactant (Acrysol EL135 - x3) on response y1 (particle size), y2 (solubility of valsartan), and y3 (solubility of nifedipine). The important factors which significantly affected the responses were identified and validated using ANOVA. The model was diagnosed using normal plot of residuals and Box-Cox plot. The design revealed an inverse correlation between particle size and concentration of Capmul MCM and Acrysol EL 135. However, an increase in concentration of Captex 500 led to an increase in particle size of microemulsion. Solubility of valsartan decreased while that of nifedipine increased with increase in concentration of Captex 500. Capmul MCM played a significant role in increasing the solubility of valsartan. The effect of Acrysol EL 135 on solubility of both drugs, although significant, was only marginal as compared to that of Captex 500 and Capmul MCM. The optimized microemulsion was able to provide an enhancement ratio of 27.21 and 63.57-fold for valsartan and nifedipine, respectively, with respect to drug dispersion in aqueous surfactant system when evaluated for permeation studies. The current studies candidly suggest the scope of microemulsion systems for solubilizing as well as promoting the transport of both drugs across rat skin at an enhanced permeation rate.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Drug Research, Punjabi University, Patiala, 147002, India.
authors.forename: Jatin
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Sood
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Drug Research, Punjabi University, Patiala, 147002, India.
authors.forename: Bharti
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Sapra
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Drug Research, Punjabi University, Patiala, 147002, India. aktiwary2@rediffmail.com.
authors.forename: Ashok K
authors.initials: AK
authors.lastname: Tiwary
mesh_terms: D000279:Administration, Cutaneous; D000818:Animals; D000959:Antihypertensive Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism; D002626:Chemistry, Pharmaceutical / Q000379:methods; D004339:Drug Compounding; D016503:Drug Delivery Systems / Q000379:methods*; D004655:Emulsions; D005079:Excipients / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism; D008297:Male; D009543:Nifedipine / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000378:metabolism*; D009821:Oils / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism; D009924:Organ Culture Techniques; D010316:Particle Size; D051381:Rats; D012869:Skin Absorption; D013501:Surface-Active Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism; D000068756:Valsartan / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D000959:Antihypertensive Agents; D004655:Emulsions; D005079:Excipients; D009821:Oils; D013501:Surface-Active Agents; D000068756:Valsartan; D009543:Nifedipine
keywords: microemulsion; nifedipine; optimization by design; transdermal; valsartan