title: Brain morphology and cortical thickness variations in systemic lupus erythematosus patients: Differences among neurological, psychiatric, and nonneuropsychiatric manifestations.
abstract: To determine whether systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) affecting subcortical white matter volumes, deep gray matter volumes, and cortical thickness differ between groups of SLE patients with psychiatric (P-SLE), neurological (N-SLE), or nonneuropsychiatric (non-NPSLE) presentations.
  
  
  
  Sixty-seven participants were divided into three groups (P-SLE [n = 19], N-SLE [n = 12], and non-NPSLE [n = 36]) and examined with a 1.5T MRI scanner. The images were segmented in FreeSurfer software into volumetric and cortical thickness measures using T13D magnetization prepared rapid gradient echo-weighted imaging. For comparative analyses of volume, multivariate analyses of covariance (MANCOVA) were applied followed by Bonferroni post-hoc tests, with age as a covariate. For cortical thickness analyses, the groups were compared with the Query Design Estimate Contrast tool adjusted for age.
  
  
  
  Globus pallidus volumes in both left (P ≤ 0.01) and right (P ≤ 0.05) hemispheres were larger in the N-SLE group than in the non-NPSLE group, and the left GP volume was greater in the N-SLE group than in the P-SLE group (P ≤ 0.05) (MANCOVA, post-hoc Bonferroni). The P-SLE group presented with thinning of cortical areas relative to the N-SLE (predominantly in the left parietal and right frontal and parietal regions) (P ≤ 0.05) and non-NPSLE (predominantly in parietal and occipital regions) (P ≤ 0.05) groups, whereas the N-SLE group presented with thickening of cortical areas (mostly right frontal and left parietal regions) relative to the non-NPSLE (P ≤ 0.05) and P-SLE groups.
  
  
  
  N-SLE patients had greater local volumes and cortical thicknesses than the other two groups, whereas P-SLE patients presented with decreased volumes and cortical thinning. These findings provide evidence of distinct neuroanatomical abnormalities in neurological versus psychiatric manifestations of SLE.
  
  
  
  2 Technical Efficacy: Stage 3 J. MAGN. RESON. IMAGING 2017;46:150-158.
authors.affiliation: Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Department of Radiology, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
authors.forename: Nicolle
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Zimmermann
authors.affiliation: Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Department of Radiology, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
authors.forename: Diogo
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Goulart Corrêa
authors.affiliation: Clínica de Diagnóstico Por Imagem, Multi-imagem, DASA, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
authors.forename: Gustavo
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Tukamoto
authors.affiliation: Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Department of Radiology, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
authors.forename: Tania
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Netto
authors.affiliation: Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Department of Radiology, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
authors.forename: Denis
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Batista Pereira
authors.affiliation: Pontifical Catholic University of Rio Grande do Sul, Department of Psychology, Porto Alegre, Brazil.
authors.forename: Rochele
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Paz Fonseca
authors.affiliation: Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Department of Radiology, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
authors.forename: Emerson Leandro
authors.initials: EL
authors.lastname: Gasparetto
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001921:Brain / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000473:pathology* / Q000503:physiopathology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D020945:Lupus Vasculitis, Central Nervous System / Q000473:pathology* / Q000503:physiopathology* / Q000523:psychology; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging / Q000379:methods; D008297:Male; D001523:Mental Disorders / Q000473:pathology* / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000523:psychology; D008875:Middle Aged; D009422:Nervous System Diseases / Q000473:pathology* / Q000503:physiopathology* / Q000523:psychology; D009929:Organ Size; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D055815:Young Adult
keywords: cortical thickness; magnetic resonance imaging; systemic lupus erythematosus; volume