title: Second premolar agenesis as a subclinical phenotype of isolated cleft palate.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To compare the prevalence of dental anomalies in patients with isolated cleft palate with or without hypodontia of the second premolar.
  
  
  METHODS
  A total of 653 patients with isolated cleft palate aged 8-12 years were divided into two groups: G1-subjects without hypodontia of second premolar (n = 546) and G2-subjects with hypodontia of at least one-second premolar (n = 107). The control group consisted of 107 non-cleft orthodontic patients.
  
  
  METHODS
  Panoramic and periapical radiographs and dental casts were used to analyze the presence of dental anomalies. Intergroup comparisons were performed using the chi-square test complemented by Proportion test and Bonferroni test.
  
  
  RESULTS
  G2 presented higher prevalence of hypodontia of other permanent teeth compared to G1 and control. Ectopic eruption of the maxillary canine and tooth transposition were more frequent in patients with a cleft compared to patients without a cleft, without statistical differences. Deciduous molar infra-occlusion and second premolar disto-angulation were less prevalent in G1 and G2 compared to the control group. G2 showed a higher prevalence of complete cleft palate than G1.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Patients with cleft palate and second premolar agenesis showed increased prevalence of tooth agenesis and palatally displaced canines.
authors.affiliation: PhD resident, Orthodontic Department, Araraquara Dental School, Paulista State University, Araraquara, Brazil.
authors.forename: J P
authors.initials: JP
authors.lastname: Schwartz
authors.affiliation: Director of the Dental Section, Hospital for Rehabilitation of Craniofacial Anomalies, University of São Paulo, Bauru, Brazil.
authors.forename: R C M C
authors.initials: RC
authors.lastname: Lauris
authors.affiliation: Pediatric Section, Hospital for Rehabilitation of Craniofacial Anomalies, University of São Paulo, Bauru, Brazil.
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Dalbén
authors.affiliation: Associate Professor of Orthodontic, Bauru Dental School and Hospital for Rehabilitation of Craniofacial Anomalies, University of São Paulo, Bauru, Brazil.
authors.forename: D G
authors.initials: DG
authors.lastname: Garib
mesh_terms: D000848:Anodontia / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000453:epidemiology*; D001641:Bicuspid / Q000002:abnormalities* / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D001938:Brazil / Q000453:epidemiology; D002648:Child; D002972:Cleft Palate / Q000453:epidemiology*; D015897:Comorbidity; D003481:Cuspid / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008310:Malocclusion / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000453:epidemiology; D010641:Phenotype; D015995:Prevalence
keywords: cleft palate; panoramic; radiograph; tooth abnormalities; tooth agenesis