title: Comparing the Prevalence, Risk Factors, and Repercussions of Postpartum Genito-Pelvic Pain and Dyspareunia.
abstract: Childbirth is a risk factor for developing genito-pelvic pain and/or dyspareunia during the postpartum period and potentially in the longer term. These two types of pain can occur simultaneously or sequentially and could be affected by different risk factors and have a range of repercussions to women's lives, including their sexual functioning.
  
  
  
  This study reviewed the available evidence to compare and contrast the prevalence, risk factors, and repercussions of postpartum genito-pelvic pain vs dyspareunia.
  
  
  
  All available data related to postpartum genito-pelvic pain and dyspareunia were reviewed.
  
  
  
  A description of the prevalence, risk factors, and sexual and psychological consequences of postpartum genito-pelvic pain and dyspareunia and the methodologic limitations of previous studies.
  
  
  
  The prevalence of postpartum genito-pelvic pain is much lower than that of postpartum dyspareunia. There is evidence of converging and differential risk factors for acute and persistent experiences of these two types of pain. Postpartum genito-pelvic pain and dyspareunia are associated with impaired sexual functioning. Rarely are these pain experiences examined together to make direct comparisons.
  
  
  
  There has been a critical lack of studies examining postpartum genito-pelvic pain and dyspareunia together and integrating biomedical and psychosocial risk factors. This approach should be spearheaded by a multidisciplinary group of researchers of diverse and relevant expertise, including obstetricians, gynecologists, anesthesiologists, and psychologists.
authors.affiliation: Departments of Psychology and Neuroscience and Psychiatry, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada; Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, IWK Health Centre, Halifax, NS, Canada. Electronic address: nrosen@dal.ca.
authors.forename: Natalie O
authors.initials: NO
authors.lastname: Rosen
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychology, Centre for Neuroscience Studies, and School of Rehabilitation Therapy, Queen's University, Kingston, ON, Canada.
authors.forename: Caroline
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Pukall
mesh_terms: D004414:Dyspareunia / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000209:etiology / Q000503:physiopathology; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D036801:Parturition; D017699:Pelvic Pain / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000209:etiology / Q000503:physiopathology; D049590:Postpartum Period; D011247:Pregnancy; D015995:Prevalence; D011644:Puerperal Disorders / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000209:etiology / Q000503:physiopathology; D012307:Risk Factors; D012735:Sexual Dysfunction, Physiological; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires
keywords: Childbirth; Dyspareunia; Genital Pain; Genito-Pelvic Pain; Postpartum Pain; Postpartum Sexuality