title: Ethyl acetate extract of Peperomia tetraphylla induces cytotoxicity, cell cycle arrest, and apoptosis in lymphoma U937 cells.
abstract: The current study evaluated the cytotoxicity and the mechanism of apoptotic induction by Peperomia tetraphylla in U937 lymphoma cells. The results showed that P. tetraphylla ethyl acetate extract (EAEPT) inhibited the cell growth in U937 cells by MTT assay. After the U937 cells were treated with EAEPT, the cells exhibited marked morphological features of apoptosis (Hoechst 33342 staining) and the number of apoptotic cell (Annexin V-FITC/PI staining) increased. The treatment of EAEPT could induce loss of mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP) and increase the ROS level. Moreover, EAEPT treatment resulted in the accumulation of cells at S phase. We found that EAEPT could induce the cleavage of the caspase 3, caspase 8, caspase 9 and Bid. And the treatment of EAEPT could increase expression of Bax and down-regulate the expression of CCNB1, CCND1 and CDK1. The sub-fraction of EAEPT, namely EASub1 demonstrated the highest cytotoxicity activity on U937 cells. It was confirmed that EAEPT could inhibit the growth of U937 cells by blocking the cell cycle and prompted apoptosis via the ROS-medicated mitochondria pathway in vitro.
authors.affiliation: The School of Life Science and Biotechnology, Dalian University, Dalian 116622, PR China. Electronic address: yudayong@dlu.edu.cn.
authors.forename: Dayong
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Yu
authors.affiliation: The School of Life Science and Biotechnology, Dalian University, Dalian 116622, PR China.
authors.forename: Xiuxiu
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.affiliation: The School of Life Science and Biotechnology, Dalian University, Dalian 116622, PR China.
authors.forename: Xuan
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Lu
authors.affiliation: The School of Life Science and Biotechnology, Dalian University, Dalian 116622, PR China.
authors.forename: Liying
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Shi
authors.affiliation: The School of Life Science and Biotechnology, Dalian University, Dalian 116622, PR China. Electronic address: fengbaomin@dlu.edu.cn.
authors.forename: Baomin
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Feng
mesh_terms: D000085:Acetates / Q000737:chemistry*; D000972:Antineoplastic Agents, Phytogenic / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000494:pharmacology*; D017209:Apoptosis / Q000187:drug effects*; D051017:Apoptosis Regulatory Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D059447:Cell Cycle Checkpoints / Q000187:drug effects*; D018797:Cell Cycle Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D049109:Cell Proliferation / Q000187:drug effects*; D002470:Cell Survival / Q000187:drug effects; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D006801:Humans; D016403:Lymphoma, Large B-Cell, Diffuse / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D053078:Membrane Potential, Mitochondrial / Q000187:drug effects; D018384:Oxidative Stress / Q000187:drug effects; D036941:Peperomia / Q000737:chemistry; D008517:Phytotherapy; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000494:pharmacology*; D010946:Plants, Medicinal; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species / Q000378:metabolism; D012997:Solvents / Q000737:chemistry*; D020298:U937 Cells
chemical_list: D000085:Acetates; D000972:Antineoplastic Agents, Phytogenic; D051017:Apoptosis Regulatory Proteins; D018797:Cell Cycle Proteins; D010936:Plant Extracts; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species; D012997:Solvents; C007650:ethyl acetate
keywords: Apoptosis; Human lymphoma U937 cell; Mitochondria pathway; Peperomia tetraphylla; ROS