title: Suppression of ghost artifacts arising from long T1species in segmented inversion-recovery imaging.
abstract: We demonstrate an improved segmented inversion-recovery sequence that suppresses ghost artifacts arising from tissues with long T1( > 1.5 s).
  
  
  
  Long T1species such as pericardial fluid can create bright ghost artifacts in segmented, inversion-recovery MRI because of oscillations in longitudinal magnetization between segments. A single dummy acquisition at the beginning of the sequence can reduce oscillations; however, its effectiveness in suppressing long T1artifacts is unknown. In this study, we systematically evaluated several test sequences, including a prototype (saturation post-pulse readout to eliminate spurious signal: SPPRESS) in simulations, phantoms, and patients.
  
  
  
  SPPRESS reduced artifact signal 90% ± 25% and 74% ± 28% compared with Control and Single-Dummy methods in phantoms. SPPRESS performed well at 1.5 Tesla (T) and 3T, with steady-state free precession (SSFP) and fast low-angle shot (FLASH) readout, with conventional and phase-sensitive reconstruction, and over a range of physiologic heart rates. A review of 100 consecutive clinical cardiac MRI scans revealed large fluid collections (eg, regions with long T1) in 14% of patients. In a prospectively enrolled cohort of 16 patients with visible long T1fluids, SPPRESS appreciably reduced artifacts in all cases compared with Control and Single-Dummy methods.
  
  
  
  We developed and validated a new robust method, SPPRESS, for reducing artifacts due to long T1species across a wide range of imaging and physiologic conditions. Magn Reson Med 78:1442-1451, 2017. © 2016 International Society for Magnetic Resonance in Medicine.
authors.affiliation: Duke Cardiovascular Magnetic Resonance Center, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, USA.
authors.forename: Elizabeth R
authors.initials: ER
authors.lastname: Jenista
authors.affiliation: Cardiovascular MR R&D, Siemens Healthcare, Chicago, Illinois, USA.
authors.forename: Wolfgang G
authors.initials: WG
authors.lastname: Rehwald
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardiology, Advocate Lutheran General Hospital, Chicago, Illinois, USA.
authors.forename: Nayla H
authors.initials: NH
authors.lastname: Chaptini
authors.affiliation: Duke Cardiovascular Magnetic Resonance Center, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, USA.|Department of Medicine, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, USA.
authors.forename: Han W
authors.initials: HW
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.affiliation: Duke Cardiovascular Magnetic Resonance Center, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, USA.
authors.forename: Michele A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Parker
authors.affiliation: Duke Cardiovascular Magnetic Resonance Center, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, USA.
authors.forename: David C
authors.initials: DC
authors.lastname: Wendell
authors.affiliation: Duke Cardiovascular Magnetic Resonance Center, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, USA.|Department of Medicine, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, USA.
authors.forename: Enn-Ling
authors.initials: EL
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.affiliation: Duke Cardiovascular Magnetic Resonance Center, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, USA.|Department of Medicine, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, USA.|Department of Radiology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, USA.
authors.forename: Raymond J
authors.initials: RJ
authors.lastname: Kim
mesh_terms: D016477:Artifacts; D003287:Contrast Media; D005682:Gadolinium; D006321:Heart / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D006801:Humans; D007091:Image Processing, Computer-Assisted / Q000379:methods*; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging / Q000379:methods*; D019047:Phantoms, Imaging
chemical_list: D003287:Contrast Media; D005682:Gadolinium
keywords: artifacts; cardiac MRI; delayed contrast-enhancement MRI; late gadolinium enhanced MRI