title: Patterns of inner chorion structure in Anastrepha (Diptera: Tephritidae) eggs.
abstract: The inner chorion structure of Anastrepha eggs from 16 species of various infrageneric taxonomic groups is described by scanning and transmission electron microscopy. The layers of the chorion, the outer egg membrane, are structurally similar. Furthermore, an additional trabecular layer (ATL) that exists in some species, together with other characteristics, facilitates the recognition of four patterns of chorion structuring: Pattern I, in which the ATL layer is absent, is found in Anastrepha amita, the Anastrepha fraterculus complex, Anastrepha obliqua, Anastrepha sororcula, Anastrepha suspensa and Anastrepha zenildae (fraterculus group), and Anastrepha bistrigata and Anastrepha striata (striata group); Pattern II in Anastrepha serpentina (serpentina group), Anastrepha grandis (grandis group) and Anastrepha pseudoparallela (pseudoparallela group), in which the ATL presents large open spaces with pillars; Pattern III, found in Anastrepha consobrina (pseudoparallela group), in which the ATL is composed of round cavities; and Pattern IV, found in Anastrepha alveata and Anastrepha pickeli (spatulata group), where the large ATL cavities are reticulated. Comparatively, the chorion structure in Anastrepha eggs is more complex than in eggs of other fruit flies, e.g., Bactrocera, Rhagoletis and Ceratitis.
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Genética e Biologia Evolutiva, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade de São Paulo, 05508-900 São Paulo, SP, Brazil. Electronic address: juliavono@prefeitura.sp.gov.br.
authors.forename: Julia V A
authors.initials: JV
authors.lastname: Figueiredo
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Genética e Biologia Evolutiva, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade de São Paulo, 05508-900 São Paulo, SP, Brazil. Electronic address: alpperon@ib.usp.br.
authors.forename: André L P
authors.initials: AL
authors.lastname: Perondini
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Genética e Biologia Evolutiva, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade de São Paulo, 05508-900 São Paulo, SP, Brazil. Electronic address: dselivon@ib.usp.br.
authors.forename: Denise
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Selivon
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002823:Chorion / Q000648:ultrastructure; D008855:Microscopy, Electron, Scanning; D046529:Microscopy, Electron, Transmission; D010063:Ovum / Q000648:ultrastructure; D033621:Tephritidae / Q000254:growth & development / Q000648:ultrastructure*
keywords: Eggshell; Fruit flies; Internal structure; Ultrastructure