title: Immunization with r-Lactococcus lactis expressing outer membrane protein A of Shigella dysenteriae type-1: evaluation of oral and intranasal route of administration.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate the comparative immunogenic potential of food grade Lactococcus lactis expressing outer membrane protein A (OmpA) of Shigella dysenteriae type-1 (SD-1) when administered either orally or intranasally.
  
  
  RESULTS
  OmpA of SD-1 was cloned and expressed first in Escherichia coli and then in L. lactis. Presence of recombinant gene was confirmed by restriction enzyme digestion and immunoblot analysis. Using immobilized metal affinity chromatography, OmpA was purified from recombinant E. coliBL21 (DE3) and subcutaneously administered in BALB/c mice. Detection of OmpA-specific IgG antibodies by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) confirmed the immunogenicity of OmpA. In order to establish r-L. lactis as a mucosal delivery vehicle, it was administered orally and nasally in BALB/c mice. Serum IgG and faecal IgA were assessed through ELISA to compare the relative potential of immunization routes and immunogenic potential of r-L. lactis. Immunization via the oral route proved superior to intranasal exposure.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Recombinant L. lactis expressing OmpA of SD-1 was found to be immunogenic. Oral administration of r-L. lactis elicited higher systemic and mucosal immune response when compared with the nasal route.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Using food grade recombinant L. lactis has implications in the development of a prophylactic against multidrug-resistant Shigella, which can be used as a prospective vaccine candidate. Evaluating mucosal routes of immunization demonstrated that the oral route of administration elicited better immune response against OmpA of Shigella.
authors.affiliation: Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, B. V. Patel Pharmaceutical Education and Research Development (PERD) Centre, Ahmedabad, 380054, Gujarat, India.|B. R. D School of Biosciences, Sardar Patel University, Vallabh Vidhyanagar, 388120, Gujarat, India.
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Yagnik
authors.affiliation: Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, B. V. Patel Pharmaceutical Education and Research Development (PERD) Centre, Ahmedabad, 380054, Gujarat, India.|B. R. D School of Biosciences, Sardar Patel University, Vallabh Vidhyanagar, 388120, Gujarat, India.
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Sharma
authors.affiliation: Sardar Patel University, Vallabh Vidhyanagar, 388120, Gujarat, India.
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Padh
authors.affiliation: Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, B. V. Patel Pharmaceutical Education and Research Development (PERD) Centre, Ahmedabad, 380054, Gujarat, India.
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Desai
mesh_terms: D000281:Administration, Intranasal; D000284:Administration, Oral; D000818:Animals; D001425:Bacterial Outer Membrane Proteins / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000737:chemistry / Q000276:immunology*; D000939:Epitopes; D005260:Female; D018928:Immunity, Mucosal; D007074:Immunoglobulin G / Q000097:blood; D013294:Lactococcus lactis / Q000235:genetics*; D051379:Mice; D008807:Mice, Inbred BALB C; D011994:Recombinant Proteins / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000737:chemistry / Q000276:immunology; D022281:Shigella Vaccines / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000737:chemistry / Q000276:immunology*; D012762:Shigella dysenteriae / Q000276:immunology*; D013047:Specific Pathogen-Free Organisms
chemical_list: D001425:Bacterial Outer Membrane Proteins; D000939:Epitopes; D007074:Immunoglobulin G; D011994:Recombinant Proteins; D022281:Shigella Vaccines; C078167:OMPA outer membrane proteins
keywords: 
  Lactococcus lactis
  ; 
  Shigella
  ; mucosal immunization; oral route; outer membrane protein A