title: Disseminated Mycobacterium tuberculosis following renal transplant with alemtuzumab induction.
abstract: Mycobacterium tuberculosis presents unique challenges in the peritransplant period. Here, we describe a case of disseminated tuberculosis following renal transplantation with alemtuzumab induction immunosuppression in a patient with remotely treated pulmonary tuberculosis and ongoing risk factors for re-infection. We also review the available literature regarding the prevalence of tuberculosis infection following solid organ transplant and management of high-risk patients, including the role for isoniazid preventative therapy.
authors.affiliation: Department of Internal Medicine, Section of Infectious Diseases, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA.
authors.forename: Adam
authors.identifier: http://orcid.org/0000-0001-7728-0272
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Baghban
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathology, Section of Microbiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.
authors.forename: Marwan Mikheal
authors.initials: MM
authors.lastname: Azar
authors.affiliation: Department of Internal Medicine, Section of Infectious Diseases, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA.
authors.forename: Raffaele Mario
authors.identifier: http://orcid.org/0000-0002-4346-9293
authors.initials: RM
authors.lastname: Bernardo
authors.affiliation: Department of Internal Medicine, Section of Infectious Diseases, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA.|Department of Surgery, Section of Transplantation, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA.
authors.forename: Maricar
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Malinis
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000074323:Alemtuzumab; D061067:Antibodies, Monoclonal, Humanized / Q000009:adverse effects*; D000995:Antitubercular Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007165:Immunosuppression Therapy / Q000009:adverse effects*; D007166:Immunosuppressive Agents / Q000009:adverse effects; D007538:Isoniazid / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D016030:Kidney Transplantation / Q000009:adverse effects*; D009169:Mycobacterium tuberculosis; D009894:Opportunistic Infections / Q000209:etiology / Q000382:microbiology* / Q000517:prevention & control; D014376:Tuberculosis / Q000209:etiology* / Q000382:microbiology / Q000517:prevention & control; D014391:Tuberculosis, Miliary / Q000209:etiology / Q000382:microbiology / Q000517:prevention & control; D014397:Tuberculosis, Pulmonary / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000382:microbiology
chemical_list: D061067:Antibodies, Monoclonal, Humanized; D000995:Antitubercular Agents; D007166:Immunosuppressive Agents; D000074323:Alemtuzumab; D007538:Isoniazid