title: Low self-concept in poor readers: prevalence, heterogeneity, and risk.
abstract: There is evidence that poor readers are at increased risk for various types of low self-concept-particularly academic self-concept. However, this evidence ignores the heterogeneous nature of poor readers, and hence the likelihood that not all poor readers have low self-concept. The aim of this study was to better understandwhich types of poor readers have low self-concept.We tested 77 children with poor reading for their age for four types of self-concept, four types of reading, three types of spoken language, and two types of attention. We found that poor readers with poor attention had low academic self-concept, while poor readers with poor spoken language had low general self-concept in addition to low academic self-concept. In contrast, poor readers with typical spoken language and attention did not have low self-concept of any type. We also discovered that academic self-concept was reliably associated with reading and receptive spoken vocabulary, and that general self-concept was reliably associated with spoken vocabulary. These outcomes suggest that poor readers with multiple impairments in reading, language, and attention are at higher risk for low academic and general self-concept, and hence need to be assessed for self-concept in clinical practice. Our results also highlight the need for further investigation into the heterogeneous nature of self-concept in poor readers.
authors.affiliation: Department of Cognitive Science, ARC Centre of Excellence in Cognition and its Disorders, Macquarie University , Sydney , New South Wales , Australia.
authors.forename: Genevieve
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: McArthur
authors.affiliation: Department of Cognitive Science, ARC Centre of Excellence in Cognition and its Disorders, Macquarie University , Sydney , New South Wales , Australia.
authors.forename: Anne
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Castles
authors.affiliation: Department of Cognitive Science, ARC Centre of Excellence in Cognition and its Disorders, Macquarie University , Sydney , New South Wales , Australia.
authors.forename: Saskia
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Kohnen
authors.affiliation: Department of Cognitive Science, ARC Centre of Excellence in Cognition and its Disorders, Macquarie University , Sydney , New South Wales , Australia.
authors.forename: Erin
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Banales
keywords: Cumulative risk; Dyslexia; Heterogeneity; Inattention; Language impairment; Poor readers; Prevalence; Self-concept