title: A Review of the Role of Intravitreal Corticosteroids as an Adjuvant to Antibiotics in Infectious Endophthalmitis.
abstract: Infectious endophthalmitis is an important cause of vision loss worldwide. This entity most often occurs as a complication of intraocular surgery especially following cataract surgery or intravitreal injection. Endophthalmitis is regarded as a serious complication following ocular surgery and the final visual outcome is fundamentally contingent on timely recognition and intervention. Intravitreal and oral antibiotics in combination with pars plana vitrectomy or vitreous aspiration remain the mainstay in the management of endophthalmitis. However, significant inflammation may persist even after sterilization of the intraocular cavities with appropriate antibiotics resulting in failure of treatment. This forms the basis for the use of intravitreal corticosteroids as an adjuvant to antibiotics in the management of infectious endophthalmitis. In the index manuscript, we review the existing literature to determine the role of intravitreal corticosteroids as an adjuvant to antibiotics in treating infectious endophthalmitis, and discuss their beneficial effects and controversial concerns.
authors.affiliation: a Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore , Singapore.
authors.forename: Dawn
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Ching Wen Ho
authors.affiliation: b Ocular Imaging Research and Reading Center (OIRRC) , Omaha , Nebraska , USA.|c Advanced Eye Center, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research (PGIMER) , Chandigarh , India.
authors.forename: Aniruddha
authors.identifier: http://orcid.org/0000-0003-4985-9855
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Agarwal
authors.affiliation: d University of Washington , Seattle , WA , USA.
authors.forename: Cecilia S
authors.initials: CS
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.affiliation: e L V Prasad Eye Institute , Hyderabad , Telangana , India.
authors.forename: Jay
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Chhablani
authors.affiliation: c Advanced Eye Center, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research (PGIMER) , Chandigarh , India.
authors.forename: Vishali
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Gupta
authors.affiliation: f Rajan Eye Care Hospital , Chennai , Tamil Nadu , India.
authors.forename: Manoj
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Khatri
authors.affiliation: g School of Material Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University , Singapore.
authors.forename: Jayabalan
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Nirmal
authors.affiliation: h Moorfields Eye Hospital, NHS Foundation Trust , London , UK.
authors.forename: Carlos
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Pavesio
authors.affiliation: a Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore , Singapore.|g School of Material Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University , Singapore.|h Moorfields Eye Hospital, NHS Foundation Trust , London , UK.|i National Healthcare Group Eye Institute, Tan Tock Seng Hospital , Singapore.
authors.forename: Rupesh
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Agrawal
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D000935:Antifungal Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D017024:Chemotherapy, Adjuvant; D009877:Endophthalmitis / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000382:microbiology; D015818:Eye Infections, Bacterial / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000382:microbiology; D015821:Eye Infections, Fungal / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000382:microbiology; D005938:Glucocorticoids / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D006801:Humans; D058449:Intravitreal Injections
chemical_list: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents; D000935:Antifungal Agents; D005938:Glucocorticoids
keywords: Antibiotics; antifungals; corticosteroids; endophthalmitis; intravitreal steroids; intravitreal therapy; uveitis