title: Prevalence of Trachoma in Bauchi State, Nigeria: Results of 20 Local Government Area-Level Surveys.
abstract: To determine the prevalence of trachomatous inflammation - follicular (TF) and trichiasis in each of the 20 local government areas (LGAs) of Bauchi State, Nigeria.
  
  
  
  We undertook a population-based prevalence survey in each LGA in Bauchi State, employing the Global Trachoma Mapping Project methodology. We used a 2-stage, systematic and quasi-random sampling strategy. Using probability proportional to size, we selected 25 clusters, in each of which 25 households were selected by random walk. All residents of selected households 1 year and older were examined for TF, trachomatous inflammation - intense, and trichiasis, using the World Health Organization simplified grading scheme.
  
  
  
  Only two LGAs in Bauchi State had TF prevalences in 1-9-year-olds over 5%, with none having TF prevalences of 10% or greater. Only one LGA had a trichiasis prevalence in adults below the elimination threshold; all the others had trichiasis at levels suggestive of public health significance. In all 20 LGAs, more than 60% of households were within 1 km of an improved source of water for hygiene.
  
  
  
  Efforts need to be made in Bauchi State to provide trichiasis surgery in order to avert trachomatous blindness. Water supplies needs to be sustained and good personal hygiene practices assured so that elimination of trachoma as a public health problem will be achieved and sustained.
authors.affiliation: a Department of Ophthalmology , University of Jos , Jos , Nigeria.|b Sightsavers , Kaduna , Nigeria.|c Department of Ophthalmology , Jos University Teaching Hospital , Jos , Nigeria.
authors.forename: Caleb
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Mpyet
authors.affiliation: d Department of Ophthalmology , Usmanu Danfodiyo University Teaching Hospital, Sokoto , Nigeria.
authors.forename: Nasiru
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Muhammad
authors.affiliation: d Department of Ophthalmology , Usmanu Danfodiyo University Teaching Hospital, Sokoto , Nigeria.
authors.forename: Mohammed Dantani
authors.initials: MD
authors.lastname: Adamu
authors.affiliation: e Ministry of Health , Kaduna State , Nigeria.
authors.forename: Habila
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Muazu
authors.affiliation: f National Eye Center , Kaduna , Nigeria.
authors.forename: Murtala Muhammad
authors.initials: MM
authors.lastname: Umar
authors.affiliation: g Abubakar Tafawa Balewa University Teaching Hospital , Bauchi , Nigeria.
authors.forename: Mohammed
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Abdull
authors.affiliation: c Department of Ophthalmology , Jos University Teaching Hospital , Jos , Nigeria.
authors.forename: Joel
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Alada
authors.affiliation: h Netherlands Leprosy Relief, Jos , Nigeria.
authors.forename: Musa
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Goyol
authors.affiliation: i National Trachoma Control Program, Department of Public Health, Federal Ministry of Health , Abuja , Nigeria.
authors.forename: Uwaezuoke
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: Onyebuchi
authors.affiliation: j Mission to Save the Helpless , Jos , Nigeria.
authors.forename: Francisca
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Olamiju
authors.affiliation: b Sightsavers , Kaduna , Nigeria.
authors.forename: Sunday
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Isiyaku
authors.affiliation: b Sightsavers , Kaduna , Nigeria.
authors.forename: Adamani
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: William
authors.affiliation: i National Trachoma Control Program, Department of Public Health, Federal Ministry of Health , Abuja , Nigeria.
authors.forename: Benjamin C
authors.initials: BC
authors.lastname: Nwobi
authors.affiliation: k Task Force for Global Health , Decatur , GA , USA.
authors.forename: Rebecca
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Willis
authors.affiliation: k Task Force for Global Health , Decatur , GA , USA.
authors.forename: Rebecca Mann
authors.initials: RM
authors.lastname: Flueckiger
authors.affiliation: k Task Force for Global Health , Decatur , GA , USA.
authors.forename: Alex
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Pavluck
authors.affiliation: k Task Force for Global Health , Decatur , GA , USA.
authors.forename: Brian K
authors.initials: BK
authors.lastname: Chu
authors.affiliation: i National Trachoma Control Program, Department of Public Health, Federal Ministry of Health , Abuja , Nigeria.
authors.forename: Nicholas
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Olobio
authors.affiliation: l Clinical Research Department, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine , London , UK.|m London Centre for Neglected Tropical Disease Research , London , UK.
authors.forename: Anthony W
authors.initials: AW
authors.lastname: Solomon
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D017677:Age Distribution; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D001766:Blindness / Q000517:prevention & control; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D005260:Female; D006306:Health Surveys; D006801:Humans; D006920:Hygiene / Q000592:standards; D007223:Infant; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009549:Nigeria / Q000453:epidemiology; D015995:Prevalence; D012307:Risk Factors; D012499:Sanitation / Q000592:standards; D014141:Trachoma / Q000453:epidemiology*; D058457:Trichiasis / Q000453:epidemiology*; D014881:Water Supply / Q000592:standards; D055815:Young Adult
keywords: Blindness; Global Trachoma Mapping Project; prevalence; trachoma; trichiasis; water supply