title: Validation of a new high-throughput method to determine urinary S-phenylmercapturic acid using low-temperature partitioning extraction and ultra high performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry.
abstract: A new highly sensitive and environmentally friendly analytical method, using low-temperature partition extraction and ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry, without the use of a labeled analyte, was developed and validated to determine and quantify urinary S-phenylmercapturic acid in urine samples. The World Health Organization, in its guidelines for air quality in Europe, recognizes that benzene is carcinogenic to humans and there is no safe level of exposure. Urinary S-phenylmercapturic acid is a sensitive and specific biological marker of exposure to benzene. The new analytical method, extraction, and analysis, were linear in the working range between 0.1 and 200.0 μg/L, precise (relative standard deviation lower than 6.0%), accurate (97.0-105.0%), and sensitive. The method's limits of detection and quantification were 0.02 and 0.084 μg/L, respectively. The recovery with the low-temperature partition extraction was 96.1%, with relative standard deviation less than 3.8%. The method is simple, accurate, and reproducible, and has been successfully applied in the evaluation of nonoccupational exposure to benzene, by urinary S-phenylmercapturic acid in urine samples.
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry, Institute of Exact and Biological Sciences, Federal University of Ouro Preto, Ouro Preto, MG, Brazil.
authors.forename: Rafaela de Paiva
authors.initials: RP
authors.lastname: Gomes
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry, Institute of Exact and Biological Sciences, Federal University of Ouro Preto, Ouro Preto, MG, Brazil.
authors.forename: Camila Bárbara
authors.initials: CB
authors.lastname: Pena
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry, Institute of Exact and Biological Sciences, Federal University of Ouro Preto, Ouro Preto, MG, Brazil.
authors.forename: Jennifer
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Rezende
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry, Institute of Exact and Biological Sciences, Federal University of Ouro Preto, Ouro Preto, MG, Brazil.
authors.forename: Mauricio Xavier
authors.initials: MX
authors.lastname: Coutrim
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry, Institute of Exact and Biological Sciences, Federal University of Ouro Preto, Ouro Preto, MG, Brazil.
authors.forename: Robson José de Cássia Franco
authors.initials: RJ
authors.lastname: Afonso
mesh_terms: D000111:Acetylcysteine / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000652:urine; D002851:Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; D006801:Humans; D057230:Limit of Detection; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D053719:Tandem Mass Spectrometry; D013696:Temperature; D016482:Urinalysis / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods*
chemical_list: C053003:S-phenyl-N-acetylcysteine; D000111:Acetylcysteine
keywords: benzene; liquid chromatography; low-temperature partition extraction; mass spectrometry; phenylmercapturic acid