title: Development and characterisation of a novel three-dimensional inter-kingdom wound biofilm model.
abstract: Chronic diabetic foot ulcers are frequently colonised and infected by polymicrobial biofilms that ultimately prevent healing. This study aimed to create a novel in vitro inter-kingdom wound biofilm model on complex hydrogel-based cellulose substrata to test commonly used topical wound treatments. Inter-kingdom triadic biofilms composed of Candida albicans, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Staphylococcus aureus were shown to be quantitatively greater in this model compared to a simple substratum when assessed by conventional culture, metabolic dye and live dead qPCR. These biofilms were both structurally complex and compositionally dynamic in response to topical therapy, so when treated with either chlorhexidine or povidone iodine, principal component analysis revealed that the 3-D cellulose model was minimally impacted compared to the simple substratum model. This study highlights the importance of biofilm substratum and inclusion of relevant polymicrobial and inter-kingdom components, as these impact penetration and efficacy of topical antiseptics.
authors.affiliation: a Oral Sciences Research Group, Glasgow Dental School, School of Medicine, Dentistry and Nursing, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences , University of Glasgow , Glasgow , UK.|b Institute of Healthcare Policy and Practice , University of West of Scotland , Paisley , UK.
authors.forename: Eleanor M
authors.initials: EM
authors.lastname: Townsend
authors.affiliation: a Oral Sciences Research Group, Glasgow Dental School, School of Medicine, Dentistry and Nursing, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences , University of Glasgow , Glasgow , UK.|b Institute of Healthcare Policy and Practice , University of West of Scotland , Paisley , UK.
authors.forename: Leighann
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Sherry
authors.affiliation: a Oral Sciences Research Group, Glasgow Dental School, School of Medicine, Dentistry and Nursing, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences , University of Glasgow , Glasgow , UK.
authors.forename: Ranjith
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Rajendran
authors.affiliation: a Oral Sciences Research Group, Glasgow Dental School, School of Medicine, Dentistry and Nursing, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences , University of Glasgow , Glasgow , UK.
authors.forename: Donald
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Hansom
authors.affiliation: b Institute of Healthcare Policy and Practice , University of West of Scotland , Paisley , UK.
authors.forename: John
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Butcher
authors.affiliation: b Institute of Healthcare Policy and Practice , University of West of Scotland , Paisley , UK.
authors.forename: William G
authors.initials: WG
authors.lastname: Mackay
authors.affiliation: b Institute of Healthcare Policy and Practice , University of West of Scotland , Paisley , UK.
authors.forename: Craig
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Williams
authors.affiliation: a Oral Sciences Research Group, Glasgow Dental School, School of Medicine, Dentistry and Nursing, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences , University of Glasgow , Glasgow , UK.
authors.forename: Gordon
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Ramage
mesh_terms: D000890:Anti-Infective Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D018441:Biofilms / Q000187:drug effects / Q000254:growth & development*; D002176:Candida albicans / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology*; D020136:Hydrogel, Polyethylene Glycol Dimethacrylate / Q000737:chemistry; D008954:Models, Biological; D011550:Pseudomonas aeruginosa / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology*; D013211:Staphylococcus aureus / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology*; D014945:Wound Healing / Q000187:drug effects; D014946:Wound Infection / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000382:microbiology
chemical_list: D000890:Anti-Infective Agents; D020136:Hydrogel, Polyethylene Glycol Dimethacrylate
keywords: Chronic wound; biofilm; in vitro model; interkingdom; polymicrobial