title: Neural correlates of response inhibition in current and former smokers.
abstract: Loss of behavioral control is a hallmark of addiction. Individual differences in basic cognitive processes such as response inhibition may be important for interrupting automatic behaviors associated with smoking and supporting prolonged abstinence. To examine how response inhibition and error monitoring processes differ as a function of smoking status, current smokers, former smokers and never smokers (N=126) completed a simple Go/No-Go task while undergoing functional magnetic resonance imaging. All groups performed similarly on the task and similarly engaged the inferior frontal gyrus and dorsal anterior cingulate cortex, regions traditionally associated with response inhibition and error monitoring, respectively. During response inhibition (i.e., Correct Rejects>Hits contrast), overall group differences emerged in the recruitment of the cerebellum, while individual group differences in error monitoring (False Alarms>Hits contrast) were seen for regions of the parietal lobe and thalamus (current smokers>former smokers), as well as regions of the bilateral cerebellum, parahippocampal gyrus and superior parietal lobe (i.e., ever smokers>never smokers). We discuss how our results replicate two previous large-sample studies that used the same Go/No-Go task and review these data in terms of network models of inhibitory and error monitoring abnormalities in addiction.
authors.affiliation: The Mind Research Network and The Lovelace Respiratory Research Institute, 1101 Yale Blvd NE, Albuquerque, NM, 87106, United States.
authors.forename: Christina R
authors.initials: CR
authors.lastname: Weywadt
authors.affiliation: The Mind Research Network and The Lovelace Respiratory Research Institute, 1101 Yale Blvd NE, Albuquerque, NM, 87106, United States; University of New Mexico Department of Psychology, MSC03 2220, 1 University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM, 87131, United States.
authors.forename: Kent A
authors.initials: KA
authors.lastname: Kiehl
authors.affiliation: The Mind Research Network and The Lovelace Respiratory Research Institute, 1101 Yale Blvd NE, Albuquerque, NM, 87106, United States. Electronic address: eclaus@mrn.org.
authors.forename: Eric D
authors.initials: ED
authors.lastname: Claus
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000704:Analysis of Variance; D001921:Brain / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D001931:Brain Mapping; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007091:Image Processing, Computer-Assisted; D007266:Inhibition, Psychological; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010100:Oxygen / Q000097:blood; D011930:Reaction Time / Q000502:physiology; D000074285:Smokers / Q000523:psychology*; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D014029:Tobacco Use Disorder / Q000473:pathology*; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D010100:Oxygen
keywords: Behavior change; Cerebellum; Go/No-Go task; Inferior frontal gyrus; Nicotine dependence; Response inhibition