title: Detecting Immune Responses to Type III Secretion Systems.
abstract: Measuring immune responses against type III secretion and related molecules has been made easier with the advent of reporter cell lines. For example, the THP-1-XBlue and HEK-Blue cells from InvivoGen provide easy detection of gene activation under NF-kB and AP-1 control. In addition, many of these cells have been engineered to express specific pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) helping to elucidate activation pathways. In addition, the THP-1 parent cell line from ATCC provides a useful tool for evaluating cytokine release upon stimulation. This chapter will outline using X-blue reporter cell lines, setting up experiments to measure cytokine secretion, and general guidelines for cytokine quantification.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of North Dakota, 1301 Columbia Road North, Stop 9037, Grand Forks, ND, 58202, USA.
authors.forename: Peter L
authors.initials: PL
authors.lastname: Knopick
authors.affiliation: Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of North Dakota, 1301 Columbia Road North, Stop 9037, Grand Forks, ND, 58202, USA. david.s.bradley@med.und.edu.
authors.forename: David S
authors.initials: DS
authors.lastname: Bradley
mesh_terms: D002460:Cell Line; D016207:Cytokines / Q000378:metabolism; D004797:Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay; D015870:Gene Expression; D017930:Genes, Reporter; D054884:Host-Pathogen Interactions / Q000276:immunology*; D006801:Humans; D008264:Macrophages / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism / Q000382:microbiology; D016328:NF-kappa B / Q000378:metabolism; D000069296:Type III Secretion Systems / Q000276:immunology*
chemical_list: D016207:Cytokines; D016328:NF-kappa B; D000069296:Type III Secretion Systems
keywords: CBA; Cell culture; Cytokine; ELISA; HEK; NF-kB; THP-1