title: Molecular features of hookworm larvae (Necator spp.) raised by coproculture from Ugandan chimpanzees and Gabonese gorillas and humans.
abstract: Species composition of Necator hookworms was surveyed in (i) Ugandan chimpanzees living around farms and villages at Bulindi, (ii) Gabonese gorillas under habituation in Moukalaba-Doudou National Park (MDNP), and (iii) Gabonese villagers living adjacent to MDNP. Internal transcribed spacers (ITS) of rDNA and partial cytochrome c oxidase subunit 1 (Cox1) gene of mtDNA were analyzed from larvae obtained by coproculture. Three ITS types (I, II and III) and three Cox1 haplotype groups (A, B and C) were demonstrated. ITS type I and Cox1 haplotype group A, representing Necator americanus, were demonstrated in the hookworm larvae from Gabonese gorillas and humans, but not from Ugandan chimpanzees. Type II and haplotype groups B and C, presumably representing N. gorillae, were found in larvae from Ugandan chimpanzees and Gabonese gorillas and humans. These features were overall similar with those found previously in the Central African Republic. Meanwhile, type III was proven in a larva from a Gabonese gorilla as the first demonstration from a non-human primate. Cox1 haplotypes obtained from Ugandan chimpanzees formed a subgroup within group B, presumably reflecting dispersal and diversification processes of the apes.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Oita University, Hasama, Yufu, Oita 879-5593, Japan. Electronic address: hasegawa@oita-u.ac.jp.
authors.forename: Hideo
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Hasegawa
authors.affiliation: Department of Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Oita University, Hasama, Yufu, Oita 879-5593, Japan.
authors.forename: Miho
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Shigyo
authors.affiliation: Department of Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Oita University, Hasama, Yufu, Oita 879-5593, Japan.
authors.forename: Yuka
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Yanai
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Humanities and Social Sciences, Anthropology Centre for Conservation, Environment and Development, Oxford Brookes University, Gipsy Lane Campus, Oxford OX3 0BP, UK.
authors.forename: Matthew R
authors.initials: MR
authors.lastname: McLennan
authors.affiliation: Department of Basic Veterinary Medicine, Joint Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kagoshima University, Korimoto, Kagoshima 890-0065, Japan.
authors.forename: Shiho
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Fujita
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Parasitology, Joint Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Yamaguchi University, Yoshida, Yamaguchi 753-8515, Japan; Institute de Recherche en Ecologie Tropicale (IRET/CENAREST), BP 13354 Libreville, Gabon.
authors.forename: Patrice
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Makouloutou
authors.affiliation: Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Kyoto Prefectural University, Shimogamo, Kyoto 606-8522, Japan.
authors.forename: Sayaka
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Tsuchida
authors.affiliation: Graduate School of Science, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan; General Incorporated Association ECO-LOGIC, Oshikakubo, Fujinomiya, Shizuoka 419-0303, Japan.
authors.forename: Chieko
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Ando
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Parasitology, Joint Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Yamaguchi University, Yoshida, Yamaguchi 753-8515, Japan.
authors.forename: Hiroshi
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Sato
authors.affiliation: Section of Social Systems Evolution, Primate Research Institute, Kyoto University, 41-2, Kanrin, Inuyama, Aichi 484-8506, Japan.
authors.forename: Michael A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Huffman
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D018420:Ape Diseases / Q000469:parasitology; D051545:Cyclooxygenase 1 / Q000235:genetics; D005243:Feces / Q000469:parasitology*; D005247:Feeding Behavior; D005681:Gabon; D006071:Gorilla gorilla / Q000469:parasitology*; D006239:Haplotypes; D006801:Humans; D007814:Larva / Q000235:genetics / Q000254:growth & development; D009331:Necator / Q000235:genetics* / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000502:physiology*; D017221:Necator americanus / Q000235:genetics / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000502:physiology; D009332:Necatoriasis / Q000469:parasitology / Q000662:veterinary; D002679:Pan troglodytes / Q000469:parasitology*; D012621:Seasons; D017422:Sequence Analysis, DNA; D014454:Uganda
chemical_list: D051545:Cyclooxygenase 1
keywords: DNA sequencing; Gabon; Great apes; Humans; Necator; Uganda