title: Biomass, gas exchange, and nutrient contents in upland rice plants affected by application forms of microorganism growth promoters.
abstract: Microorganisms are considered a genetic resource with great potential for achieving sustainable development of agricultural areas. The objective of this research was to determine the effect of microorganism application forms on the production of biomass, gas exchange, and nutrient content in upland rice. The experiment was conducted under greenhouse conditions in a completely randomized design in a factorial 7 × 3 + 1, with four replications. The treatments consisted of combining seven microorganisms with three application forms (microbiolized seed; microbiolized seed + soil drenched with a microorganism suspension at 7 and 15 days after sowing (DAS); and microbiolized seed + plant sprayed with a microorganism suspension at 7 and 15 DAS) and a control (water). Treatments with Serratia sp. (BRM32114), Bacillus sp. (BRM32110 and BRM32109), and Trichoderma asperellum pool provided, on average, the highest photosynthetic rate values and dry matter biomass of rice shoots. Plants treated with Burkolderia sp. (BRM32113), Serratia sp. (BRM32114), and Pseudomonas sp. (BRM32111 and BRM32112) led to the greatest nutrient uptake by rice shoots. Serratia sp. (BRM 32114) was the most effective for promoting an increase in the photosynthetic rate, and for the greatest accumulation of nutrients and dry matter at 84 DAS, in rice shoots, which differed from the control treatment. The use of microorganisms can bring numerous benefits of rice, such as improving physiological characteristics, nutrient uptake, biomass production, and grain yield.
authors.affiliation: Embrapa Arroz e Feijão, Rodovia GO-462, Km 12, PO Box 179, Santo Antônio de Goiás, GO, CEP 75375-000, Brazil. adriano.nascente@embrapa.br.
authors.forename: Adriano Stephan
authors.identifier: http://orcid.org/0000-0002-6014-3797
authors.initials: AS
authors.lastname: Nascente
authors.affiliation: Embrapa Arroz e Feijão, Rodovia GO-462, Km 12, PO Box 179, Santo Antônio de Goiás, GO, CEP 75375-000, Brazil.
authors.forename: Marta Cristina Corsi
authors.initials: MC
authors.lastname: de Filippi
authors.affiliation: Embrapa Arroz e Feijão, Rodovia GO-462, Km 12, PO Box 179, Santo Antônio de Goiás, GO, CEP 75375-000, Brazil.
authors.forename: Anna Cristina
authors.initials: AC
authors.lastname: Lanna
authors.affiliation: Embrapa Arroz e Feijão, Rodovia GO-462, Km 12, PO Box 179, Santo Antônio de Goiás, GO, CEP 75375-000, Brazil.
authors.forename: Alan Carlos Alves
authors.initials: AC
authors.lastname: de Souza
authors.affiliation: Embrapa Arroz e Feijão, Rodovia GO-462, Km 12, PO Box 179, Santo Antônio de Goiás, GO, CEP 75375-000, Brazil.
authors.forename: Valácia Lemes
authors.initials: VL
authors.lastname: da Silva Lobo
authors.affiliation: Universidade Federal Rural da Amazônia, Instituto de Ciências Agrárias, Belém, Brasil.
authors.forename: Gisele Barata
authors.initials: GB
authors.lastname: da Silva
mesh_terms: D000383:Agriculture; D018533:Biomass; D003247:Conservation of Natural Resources; D012275:Oryza / Q000254:growth & development*; D012639:Seeds / Q000254:growth & development
keywords: Bio-inducing; Bioagent; Biomass; Growth promoter; Oryza sativa; Sustainable development