title: Role of bolA and rpoS genes in biofilm formation and adherence pattern by Escherichia coli K-12 MG1655 on polypropylene, stainless steel, and silicone surfaces.
abstract: Escherichia coli has developed sophisticated means to sense, respond, and adapt in stressed environment. It has served as a model organism for studies in molecular genetics and physiology since the 1960s. Stress response genes are induced whenever a cell needs to adapt and survive under unfavorable growth conditions. Two of the possible important genes are rpoS and bolA. The rpoS gene has been known as the alternative sigma (σ) factor, which controls the expression of a large number of genes, which are involved in responses to various stress factors as well as transition to stationary phase from exponential form of growth. Morphogene bolA response to stressed environment leads to round morphology of E. coli cells, but little is known about its involvement in biofilms and its development or maintenance. This study has been undertaken to address the adherence pattern and formation of biofilms by E. coli on stainless steel, polypropylene, and silicone surfaces after 24 h of growth at 37 °C. Scanning electron microscopy was used for direct examination of the cell attachment and biofilm formation on various surfaces and it was found that, in the presence of bolA, E. coli cells were able to attach to the stainless steel and silicone very well. By contrast, polypropylene surface was not found to be attractive for E. coli cells. This indicates that bolA responded and can play a major role in the presence and absence of rpoS in cell attachment.
authors.affiliation: 1 Department of Clinical Nutrition, College of Applied Medical Sciences, University of Hail , Hail, Saudi Arabia.|3 School of Forensic and Applied Sciences, University of Central Lancashire , Preston, UK.
authors.forename: Mohd
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Adnan
authors.affiliation: 2 Institute for Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Centre of Biological Engineering, University of Minho , Braga, Portugal.
authors.forename: Ana Margarida
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Sousa
authors.affiliation: 2 Institute for Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Centre of Biological Engineering, University of Minho , Braga, Portugal.
authors.forename: Idalina
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Machado
authors.affiliation: 2 Institute for Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Centre of Biological Engineering, University of Minho , Braga, Portugal.
authors.forename: Maria Olivia
authors.initials: MO
authors.lastname: Pereira
authors.affiliation: 1 Department of Clinical Nutrition, College of Applied Medical Sciences, University of Hail , Hail, Saudi Arabia.
authors.forename: Saif
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Khan
authors.affiliation: 3 School of Forensic and Applied Sciences, University of Central Lancashire , Preston, UK.
authors.forename: Glyn
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Morton
authors.affiliation: 3 School of Forensic and Applied Sciences, University of Central Lancashire , Preston, UK.
authors.forename: Sibte
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Hadi
mesh_terms: D001422:Bacterial Adhesion; D001426:Bacterial Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D018441:Biofilms; D048168:Escherichia coli K12 / Q000235:genetics / Q000502:physiology*; D029968:Escherichia coli Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D015964:Gene Expression Regulation, Bacterial; D011126:Polypropylenes / Q000737:chemistry*; D012808:Sigma Factor / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D012828:Silicones / Q000737:chemistry; D013193:Stainless Steel / Q000737:chemistry*; D014157:Transcription Factors / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D001426:Bacterial Proteins; C539345:BolA protein, E coli; D029968:Escherichia coli Proteins; D011126:Polypropylenes; D012808:Sigma Factor; D012828:Silicones; D014157:Transcription Factors; C069567:sigma factor KatF protein, Bacteria; D013193:Stainless Steel
keywords: E. coli; biofilms; bolA; microbial adhesion; rpoS