title: Antagonistic Effects of Gingko biloba and Sophora japonica on Cerebral Vasoconstriction in Response to Histamine, 5-Hydroxytryptamine, U46619 and Bradykinin.
abstract: The aim of this study was to evaluate, for the first time, the antagonistic effects of Gingko biloba leaf (GB) and Sophora japonica L. flower bud (SJ) extracts on cerebral vasoconstriction in response to KCl, extracellular Ca[Formula: see text], histamine, 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT), 9,11-dideoxy-9[Formula: see text],11[Formula: see text]-methanoepoxy prostaglandin (PG) F[Formula: see text](U46619) and bradykinin (BK), in order to explain their traditional application for diseases associated with cerebral vasospasm. Isolated porcine basilar arteries (PBA) and endothelial cells from them were used as the study materials. Neither SJ nor GB had any effect on the contractions induced by KCl and extracellular Ca[Formula: see text]. SJ significantly inhibited the contraction induced by histamine, 5-HT, U46619 and BK, whereas GB inhibited histamine-induced contraction, but had no effects on the contractions induced by 5-HT, U46619 and BK. In the presence of diphenhydramine (a H1receptor antagonist), ketanserin (a 5-HT2receptor antagonist) and ONO-3708 (a thromboxane (TX) A2/PG receptor antagonist), the inhibitory effects of these extracts on the contractions induced by histamine, 5-HT and U46619 were abolished. SJ significantly inhibited the contractions induced by BK and PGF[Formula: see text], but in the presence of ONO-3708 (10[Formula: see text] M) had no effect on them. BK enhanced the production of PGF[Formula: see text] from cultured PBA endothelium cells, and SJ significantly attenuated this enhancement. These results suggest that SJ and GB have a H1-antagonistic effect, and that SJ also attenuates cerebral vasoconstriction mediated via 5-HT2and TXA2/PG receptors. These findings appear to explain why SJ has been used traditionally as a therapeutic medication for cerebral vasospasm after cerebral hemorrhage.
authors.affiliation: * Department of Veterinary Pharmacology, Kagoshima University, 1-21-24 Korimoto, Kagoshima 890-0065, Japan.
authors.forename: Ha Thi Thanh
authors.initials: HT
authors.lastname: Nguyen
authors.affiliation: ‡ Department of Plant Bio-Technology, Faculty of Biotechnology, Vietnam National University of Agriculture, Trau Quy Crossing, Gia Lam District, Hanoi, Vietnam.
authors.forename: Hai Thanh
authors.initials: HT
authors.lastname: Nguyen
authors.affiliation: * Department of Veterinary Pharmacology, Kagoshima University, 1-21-24 Korimoto, Kagoshima 890-0065, Japan.
authors.forename: Md Zahorul
authors.initials: MZ
authors.lastname: Islam
authors.affiliation: † Department of Veterinary Microbiology, Joint Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kagoshima University, 1-21-24 Korimoto, Kagoshima 890-0065, Japan.
authors.forename: Takeshi
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Obi
authors.affiliation: § Department of Veterinary Surgery and Reproduction, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Vietnam National University of Agriculture, Trau Quy Crossing, Gia Lam District, Hanoi, Vietnam.
authors.forename: Pitchaya
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Pothinuch
authors.affiliation: ∥ Department of Food Science and Technology, Faculty of Agro-Industry, Kasetsart University, Bangkok, Thailand.
authors.forename: Thanh Van
authors.initials: TV
authors.lastname: Nguyen
authors.affiliation: ¶ Department of Internal Medicine and Pharmacology Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Vietnam National University of Agriculture, Trau Quy Crossing, Gia Lam District, Hanoi, Vietnam.
authors.forename: Tuong Manh
authors.initials: TM
authors.lastname: Nguyen
authors.affiliation: * Department of Veterinary Pharmacology, Kagoshima University, 1-21-24 Korimoto, Kagoshima 890-0065, Japan.
authors.forename: Cuong Van
authors.initials: CV
authors.lastname: Dao
authors.affiliation: * Department of Veterinary Pharmacology, Kagoshima University, 1-21-24 Korimoto, Kagoshima 890-0065, Japan.
authors.forename: Mitsuya
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Shiraishi
authors.affiliation: * Department of Veterinary Pharmacology, Kagoshima University, 1-21-24 Korimoto, Kagoshima 890-0065, Japan.
authors.forename: Atsushi
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Miyamoto
mesh_terms: D019796:15-Hydroxy-11 alpha,9 alpha-(epoxymethano)prosta-5,13-dienoic Acid / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors*; D000818:Animals; D001488:Basilar Artery / Q000187:drug effects*; D001920:Bradykinin / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors*; D005260:Female; D035264:Flowers / Q000737:chemistry; D020441:Ginkgo biloba / Q000737:chemistry*; D006633:Histamine Antagonists; D066298:In Vitro Techniques; D008297:Male; D008517:Phytotherapy; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000494:pharmacology*; D018515:Plant Leaves / Q000737:chemistry; D012702:Serotonin Antagonists; D029909:Sophora / Q000737:chemistry*; D013552:Swine; D014661:Vasoconstriction / Q000187:drug effects*; D020301:Vasospasm, Intracranial / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000209:etiology / Q000503:physiopathology
chemical_list: D006633:Histamine Antagonists; D010936:Plant Extracts; D012702:Serotonin Antagonists; D019796:15-Hydroxy-11 alpha,9 alpha-(epoxymethano)prosta-5,13-dienoic Acid; D001920:Bradykinin
keywords: Cerebral Spasm; Endothelial Cell; Gingko biloba; Porcine Basilar Artery; Receptors; Sophora japonica; Vasocontraction