title: Association between the angiotensin converting enzyme gene insertion/deletion polymorphism and metabolic disturbances in women with polycystic ovary syndrome.
abstract: Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a common endocrine disorder in women of reproductive age. A number of PCOS complications may be associated with the elevated level of angiotensin II and low bradykinin concentrations. The aim of the present study was to investigate the frequencies of angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) gene insertion/deletion (I/D) polymorphisms in women with PCOS and to determine the association between ACE genetic variants and the risk of metabolic and cardiovascular complications in such women. A total of 138 PCOS patients and 110 healthy volunteers were enrolled. Cardiovascular risk was estimated according to the criteria of the American Heart Association and Androgen Excess and PCOS Society. The median average age was 28.5 (26.0‑31.0) and 27.0 (24.0‑30.0) years in the control and PCOS groups, respectively (P=0.004). Anthropometric parameters, including body mass index and waist circumference were significantly higher in the PCOS patients. In the PCOS group, 97 (57.4%) of the subjects were metabolically unhealthy, whereas, in the control group 51 (46.4%) subjects were (P=0.07). The II, ID, and DD genotypes frequencies were 29.1, 44.5, and 26.4% in the controls and 5.0, 37.7, and 57.3% in the PCOS patients. The cardioprotective I allele was observed significantly less frequently in the women with PCOS compared with the controls [odds ratio (OR), 3.27; P=0.0001]. The DD genotype, which is known to increase cardiovascular risk, was more frequently observed in PCOS patients (OR, 3.87; P=0.0003), whereas the cardioprotective II genotype occurred in this group less frequently (OR, 0.4; P=0.06). The results of the present study demonstrated a statistically significant association between the ACE I/D polymorphism and the presence and intensity of metabolic disturbances in women with PCOS.
authors.affiliation: Department of Infertility and Reproductive Endocrinology, Poznań University of Medical Sciences, 60‑535 Poznań, Poland.
authors.forename: Katarzyna
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Ożegowska
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacology and Phytochemistry, Institute of Natural Fibers and Medicinal Plants, 61‑707 Poznań, Poland.
authors.forename: Anna
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Bogacz
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacology and Phytochemistry, Institute of Natural Fibers and Medicinal Plants, 61‑707 Poznań, Poland.
authors.forename: Joanna
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Bartkowiak-Wieczorek
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Division of Perinatology and Women's Diseases, Poznań University of Medical Sciences, 60‑535 Poznań, Poland.
authors.forename: Agnieszka
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Seremak-Mrozikiewicz
authors.affiliation: Department of Infertility and Reproductive Endocrinology, Poznań University of Medical Sciences, 60‑535 Poznań, Poland.
authors.forename: Leszek
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Pawelczyk
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000483:Alleles; D015415:Biomarkers; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D005260:Female; D005787:Gene Frequency; D056726:Genetic Association Studies; D020022:Genetic Predisposition to Disease; D005838:Genotype; D006801:Humans; D054643:INDEL Mutation; D016017:Odds Ratio; D007703:Peptidyl-Dipeptidase A / Q000235:genetics*; D011085:Polycystic Ovary Syndrome / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism*; D011110:Polymorphism, Genetic; D012307:Risk Factors; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; D007703:Peptidyl-Dipeptidase A