title: Synergistic combinations of polymyxins.
abstract: The proliferation of extensively drug-resistant Gram-negative pathogens has necessitated the therapeutic use of colistin and polymyxin B. However, treatment failures with polymyxin monotherapies and the emergence of polymyxin resistance have catalysed the search for polymyxin combinations that synergistically kill polymyxin-susceptible and -resistant organisms. This mini-review examines recent (2011-2016) in vitro and in vivo studies that have attempted to identify synergistic polymyxin combinations against Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Klebsiella pneumoniae and Acinetobacter baumannii. Clinical evidence for the use of combination regimens is also discussed.
authors.affiliation: Laboratory for Antimicrobial Dynamics, NYS Center of Excellence in Bioinformatics & Life Sciences, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, USA; School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, USA; California Northstate University College of Pharmacy, Elk Grove, CA, USA.
authors.forename: Justin R
authors.initials: JR
authors.lastname: Lenhard
authors.affiliation: Drug Delivery, Disposition and Dynamics, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville, VIC, Australia.
authors.forename: Roger L
authors.initials: RL
authors.lastname: Nation
authors.affiliation: Laboratory for Antimicrobial Dynamics, NYS Center of Excellence in Bioinformatics & Life Sciences, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, USA; School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, USA. Electronic address: btsuji@buffalo.edu.
authors.forename: Brian T
authors.initials: BT
authors.lastname: Tsuji
mesh_terms: D040981:Acinetobacter baumannii / Q000187:drug effects*; D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents / Q000494:pharmacology* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D004357:Drug Synergism; D004359:Drug Therapy, Combination / Q000379:methods; D016905:Gram-Negative Bacterial Infections / Q000188:drug therapy; D006801:Humans; D007711:Klebsiella pneumoniae / Q000187:drug effects*; D011113:Polymyxins / Q000494:pharmacology* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D011550:Pseudomonas aeruginosa / Q000187:drug effects*
chemical_list: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents; D011113:Polymyxins
keywords: Acinetobacter baumannii; Combinations; Klebsiella pneumoniae; Polymyxins; Pseudomonas aeruginosa; Synergy