title: Central diabetes insipidus: clinical profile that suggests organicity in Peruvian children: Lima - Peru 2001-2013.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Central diabetes insipidus (CDI) is a heterogeneous disease caused by arginine vasopressin deficiency; its management implies a profound understanding of the pathophysiology and the clinical spectrum. The aim of the study was to describe the clinical characteristics that indicate organicity in children and adolescents with central diabetes insipidus treated at the Department of Endocrinology from The Child Health's Institute during 2001 to 2013.
  
  
  METHODS
  Cross-sectional, retrospective study. 79 cases of patients diagnosed with CDI (51 males and 28 females) from 1 month to 16 years of age were reviewed. For the descriptive analysis, measures of central tendency and dispersion were used; groups of organic and idiopathic CDI were compared using χ2-test and t-test. A p-value<0.05 was considered significant.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The average age of patients was 8.1±4.2 years. Organic causes were intracranial tumors, 44 (55.7%), Langerhans cell histiocytosis (LCH), 11 (13.9%) and cerebral malformations in 7 (8.9%) patients, while the idiopathic group was 14 (17.7%) patients. Regarding clinical characteristics suggestive of organicity, headache (p=0.02) and visual disturbances (p=0.01) were found statistically significant. The anterior pituitary hormonal abnormalities were documented in 34 (52.3%) organic CDI patients. Furthermore, we did not find a significant difference in the average daily dose of desmopressin between patients with permanent vs. transitory CDI (0.81±0.65 vs. 0.59±0.62; p=0.363).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The main clinical features suggestive of organicity in pediatric patients with central diabetes insipidus were headache and visual disturbances; furthermore, anterior pituitary hormonal abnormalities suggest an underlying organic etiology.
authors.forename: Miguel Angel
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: De Los Santos
authors.forename: Carlos Manuel Del
authors.initials: CM
authors.lastname: Águila
authors.forename: Maria Isabel
authors.initials: MI
authors.lastname: Rojas
authors.forename: Juan Manuel
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Falen
authors.forename: Oswaldo
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Nuñez
authors.forename: Eliana Manuela
authors.initials: EM
authors.lastname: Chávez
authors.forename: Oscar Antonio
authors.initials: OA
authors.lastname: Espinoza
authors.forename: Paola Marianella
authors.initials: PM
authors.lastname: Pinto
authors.forename: Martha Rosario
authors.initials: MR
authors.lastname: Calagua
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D001932:Brain Neoplasms / Q000150:complications* / Q000473:pathology; D054022:Cerebrum / Q000002:abnormalities / Q000473:pathology*; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D003919:Diabetes Insipidus / Q000209:etiology* / Q000473:pathology; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006646:Histiocytosis, Langerhans-Cell / Q000150:complications* / Q000473:pathology; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D008297:Male; D010568:Peru; D010908:Pituitary Hormones, Anterior / Q000172:deficiency; D011379:Prognosis; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D013997:Time Factors
chemical_list: D010908:Pituitary Hormones, Anterior