title: Bacillus species (BT42) isolated from Coffea arabica L. rhizosphere antagonizes Colletotrichum gloeosporioides and Fusarium oxysporum and also exhibits multiple plant growth promoting activity.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Colletotrichum and Fusarium species are among pathogenic fungi widely affecting Coffea arabica L., resulting in major yield loss. In the present study, we aimed to isolate bacteria from root rhizosphere of the same plant that is capable of antagonizing Colletotrichum gloeosporioides and Fusarium oxysporum as well as promotes plant growth.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A total of 42 Bacillus species were isolated, one of the isolates named BT42 showed maximum radial mycelial growth inhibition against Colletotrichum gloeosporioides (78%) and Fusarium oxysporum (86%). BT42 increased germination of Coffee arabica L. seeds by 38.89%, decreased disease incidence due to infection of Colletotrichum gloeosporioides to 2.77% and due to infection of Fusarium oxysporum to 0 (p < 0.001). The isolate BT42 showed multiple growth-promoting traits. The isolate showed maximum similarity with Bacillus amyloliquefaciens.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Bacillus species (BT42), isolated in the present work was found to be capable of antagonizing the pathogenic effects of Colletotrichum gloeosporioides and Fusarium oxysporum. The mechanism of action of inhibition of the pathogenic fungi found to be synergistic effects of secondary metabolites, lytic enzymes, and siderophores. The major inhibitory secondary metabolite identified as harmine (β-carboline alkaloids).
authors.affiliation: Department of Biology, Faculty of Natural and Computational Sciences, Mettu University, Mettu, Ethiopia. ftekakej@gmail.com.|Present Address: BRD school of Biosciences, Sardar Patel University, Vallabh Vidyanagar, 388120, India. ftekakej@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Tekalign
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Kejela
authors.affiliation: BRD School of Biosciences, Sardar Patel University, Vadtal Road, Satellite Campus, Post Box No.39, Vallabh Vidyanagar, 388120, Gujarat, India.
authors.forename: Vasudev R
authors.initials: VR
authors.lastname: Thakkar
authors.affiliation: BRD School of Biosciences, Sardar Patel University, Vadtal Road, Satellite Campus, Post Box No.39, Vallabh Vidyanagar, 388120, Gujarat, India.
authors.forename: Parth
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Thakor
mesh_terms: D000470:Alkaloids / Q000494:pharmacology; D000898:Antibiosis; D000935:Antifungal Agents / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology*; D001407:Bacillus / Q000145:classification / Q000302:isolation & purification* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000502:physiology*; D018407:Bacterial Physiological Phenomena; D061046:Biological Control Agents; D002243:Carbolines / Q000494:pharmacology; D040503:Coffea / Q000254:growth & development / Q000382:microbiology*; D020231:Colletotrichum / Q000502:physiology*; D005670:Fusarium / Q000502:physiology*; D010935:Plant Diseases / Q000382:microbiology / Q000517:prevention & control; D018517:Plant Roots / Q000382:microbiology; D058441:Rhizosphere; D064210:Secondary Metabolism; D012639:Seeds / Q000382:microbiology; D017262:Siderophores / Q000494:pharmacology; D012988:Soil Microbiology
chemical_list: D000470:Alkaloids; D000935:Antifungal Agents; D061046:Biological Control Agents; D002243:Carbolines; D017262:Siderophores; C010262:norharman
keywords: Biocontrol; Coffea arabica L; Colletotrichum gloeosporioides; Fusarium oxysporum; Plant growth promoting rhizobacteria