title: Low wall shear stress is associated with the rupture of intracranial aneurysm with known rupture point: case report and literature review.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Few previous hemodynamic studies demonstrated the detailed features of rupture point of intracranial aneurysms. The hemodynamic simulation for the case that ruptured during angiography was even rare. In the present study, we studied the hemodynamic characteristics of a posterior communicating artery segment aneurysm that ruptured during angiography and detailed the hemodynamic features at the rupture point.
  
  
  METHODS
  One 64-years-patient was 60-69 years old and suffered a subarachnoid hemorrhage within 24 h. Standard digital subtraction angiography and three-dimensional (3D) rotational angiography were performed and an 8 mm left posterior communicating artery segment aneurysm was found. The patient had a seizure immediately following 3D angiography for about 40 s and the immediate follow-up angiography showed contrast extravasation from the tip of identified aneurysms. The consequent vital sign of the patient became unstable. Urgent embolization under general anesthesia was planned, but the relatives refused interventional operation considering the high risk of procedure and poor condition of the patient. The computational fluid dynamic (CFD) method was used to evaluate the hemodynamic characteristics at rupture point, and the results showed that the rupture point was associated with markedly low wall shear stress and high oscillatory shear index without flow impingement.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  We present a rare case of which the rupture site was identified during angiography. The hemodynamic simulations revealed that the rupture point was associated with markedly low WSS and high OSI without flow impingement. The result may be unique to this particular aneurysm; however, our findings provide insight into the hemodynamics of rupture point.
authors.affiliation: Department of Interventional Neuroradiology, Beijing Neurosurgical Institute and Beijing Tian Tan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100050, China.
authors.forename: Yisen
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: Department of Interventional Neuroradiology, Beijing Neurosurgical Institute and Beijing Tian Tan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100050, China.
authors.forename: Linkai
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Jing
authors.affiliation: Department of Interventional Neuroradiology, Beijing Neurosurgical Institute and Beijing Tian Tan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100050, China.
authors.forename: Ying
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: Department of Interventional Neuroradiology, Beijing Neurosurgical Institute and Beijing Tian Tan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100050, China. jianliu_ns@163.com.
authors.forename: Jian
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.affiliation: Department of Interventional Neuroradiology, Beijing Neurosurgical Institute and Beijing Tian Tan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100050, China. yang-xj@163.net.
authors.forename: Xinjian
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Yang
mesh_terms: D017542:Aneurysm, Ruptured / Q000503:physiopathology*; D015901:Angiography, Digital Subtraction; D006439:Hemodynamics; D006801:Humans; D002532:Intracranial Aneurysm / Q000503:physiopathology*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D033081:Shear Strength / Q000502:physiology*
keywords: Case report; Hemodynamics; Intracranial aneurysms; Rupture point