title: Drug Metabolism in the Liver.
abstract: Metabolism is a biotransformation process, where endogenous and exogenous compounds are converted to more polar products to facilitate their elimination from the body. The process of metabolism is divided into 3 phases. Phase I metabolism involves functionalization reactions. Phase II drug metabolism is a conjugation reaction. Phase III refers to transporter-mediated elimination of drug and/or metabolites from body normally via liver, gut, kidney, or lung. This review presents basic information on drug-metabolizing enzymes and potential factors that might affect the metabolic capacities of the enzyme or alter drug response or drug-mediated toxicities.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Pittsburgh, 731 Salk Hall, 3501 Terrace Street, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA.
authors.forename: Omar Abdulhameed
authors.initials: OA
authors.lastname: Almazroo
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Pittsburgh, 731 Salk Hall, 3501 Terrace Street, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA.
authors.forename: Mohammad Kowser
authors.initials: MK
authors.lastname: Miah
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Pittsburgh, 718 Salk Hall, 3501 Terrace Street, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA; Department of Pathology, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Thomas Starzl Transplantation Institute, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA. Electronic address: RV@pitt.edu.
authors.forename: Raman
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Venkataramanan
mesh_terms: D001692:Biological Transport / Q000502:physiology; D001711:Biotransformation; D003577:Cytochrome P-450 Enzyme System / Q000378:metabolism*; D006801:Humans; D008099:Liver / Q000201:enzymology* / Q000378:metabolism*; D004364:Pharmaceutical Preparations / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D004364:Pharmaceutical Preparations; D003577:Cytochrome P-450 Enzyme System
keywords: Conjugation; Cytochrome P450; Drug metabolism; Drug transporters; Liver metabolism; Phase I, II, and III metabolism enzyme