title: Effect ofTamarindus indicaleaf powder on plasma concentrations of copper, zinc, and iron in fluorotic cows.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The main objective of the study was to determine the deleterious effect of fluoride on plasma trace minerals of fluorotic cattle and to evaluate the effect ofTamarindus indicaleaf powder toward correction of the same.
  
  
  METHODS
  A total of 30 cattle exhibiting chronic sign of fluorosis and 10 healthy cattle from nonfluorotic area were incorporated in this study. Fluorotic cattle were divided into three equal groups consisting of 10 cattle each. Group I from fluoride free area served as healthy control. The Group II received no treatment and served as disease control. Groups III and IV were supplemented with tamarind leaf powder at 15 g and 30 g/day with feed for 60 days. Plasma mineral status was evaluated after 60 days of treatment with double beam atomic absorption spectrophotometer.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Statistical analysis of data revealed a significant (p<0.05) decrease in mean plasma copper (Cu) (0.344±0.007 ppm), zinc (Zn) (0.692±0.06 ppm), and iron (Fe) concentration (1.100±0.01 ppm) in fluorotic cattle in comparison to healthy cattle (0.58±0.010, 2.342±0.04, 1.406±0.04 ppm, respectively). Significant (p<0.05) increase in Cu, Zn, and Fe was recorded after supplementation of tamarind leaf powder to the fluorotic cattle.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  It was concluded that fluorotic cattle might be supplemented withT. indicaleaf powder with feed for the correction of the decreased level of certain plasma minerals.
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical Veterinary Medicine, Ethics and Jurisprudence, College of Veterinary Science and Animal Husbandry, Orissa University of Agriculture and Technology, Bhubaneswar - 751 003, Odisha, India.
authors.forename: Pinaki
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Samal
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical Veterinary Medicine, Ethics and Jurisprudence, College of Veterinary Science and Animal Husbandry, Orissa University of Agriculture and Technology, Bhubaneswar - 751 003, Odisha, India.
authors.forename: R C
authors.initials: RC
authors.lastname: Patra
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical Veterinary Medicine, Ethics and Jurisprudence, College of Veterinary Science and Animal Husbandry, Orissa University of Agriculture and Technology, Bhubaneswar - 751 003, Odisha, India.
authors.forename: A R
authors.initials: AR
authors.lastname: Gupta
authors.affiliation: Department of Animal Nutrition, College of Veterinary Science and Animal Husbandry, Orissa University of Agriculture and Technology, Bhubaneswar - 751 003, Odisha, India.
authors.forename: S K
authors.initials: SK
authors.lastname: Mishra
authors.affiliation: Department of Animal Reproduction, Gynaecology and Obstetrics, College of Veterinary Science and Animal Husbandry, Orissa University of Agriculture and Technology, Bhubaneswar - 751 003, Odisha, India.
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Jena
authors.affiliation: Department of Animal Nutrition, College of Veterinary Science and Animal Husbandry, Orissa University of Agriculture and Technology, Bhubaneswar - 751 003, Odisha, India.
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Satapathy
keywords: cattle; fluorosis; micro-minerals; tamarind leaf