title: A Comparative Evaluation of the Effect of the Addition of Pachymic Acid on the Cytotoxicity of 4 Different Root Canal Sealers-An In Vitro Study.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Root canal sealers exhibit varying degrees of cytotoxicity to periapical tissues. This in turn results in inflammation, delayed wound healing, and even bone resorption. This study aimed to explore the effect of the addition of an antioxidant like pachymic acid on the cytotoxicity of 4 root canal sealers, namely, Tubliseal (Kerr, Romulus, MI), a zinc oxide eugenol-based sealer; AH Plus (Dentsply De Trey GmbH, Konstanz, Germany), an epoxy resin-based sealer; Sealapex (Kerr), a calcium hydroxide-based sealer; and EndoREZ (Ultradent Products, South Jordan, UT), a methacrylate resin-based sealer.
  
  
  METHODS
  Sealers mixed according to the manufacturers' instructions formed the experimental groups. Subgroups were determined based on the absence (subgroup A) or addition (subgroup B) of pachymic acid. The experimental sealers were added to L929 mouse fibroblast cells immediately after mixing. Cell viability was evaluated by methylthiazoletetrazolium assay after 24 hours. Data were analyzed using 1-way analysis of variance. Intergroup comparisons were performed using the Kruskal-Wallis test, and intragroup comparisons were done using independent t and post hoc tests.
  
  
  RESULTS
  All 4 sealers were cytotoxic but to varying degrees. In both the subgroups, Sealapex exhibited the lowest cytotoxicity followed by AH Plus, Tubliseal, and EndoREZ (P < .05). The addition of pachymic acid reduced the cytotoxicity of all the sealers except that of EndoREZ (P > .05).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Calcium hydroxide-based Sealapex showed the least cytotoxicity compared with the other sealers. Pachymic acid could be a viable therapeutic agent to overcome the potential adverse effects associated with root canal sealers.
authors.affiliation: Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, Vinayaka Missions Dental College, Salem, India.
authors.forename: Senthamilselvan
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Arun
authors.affiliation: Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, SRM Dental College, Bharathi Salai, Ramapuram, Chennai, India. Electronic address: drvidhyas@yahoo.co.in.
authors.forename: Vidhya
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Sampath
authors.affiliation: Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, SRM Dental College, Bharathi Salai, Ramapuram, Chennai, India.
authors.forename: Sekar
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Mahalaxmi
authors.affiliation: Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, SRM Dental College, Bharathi Salai, Ramapuram, Chennai, India.
authors.forename: Kothandaraman
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Rajkumar
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002126:Calcium Hydroxide / Q000633:toxicity*; D002460:Cell Line; D003188:Composite Resins / Q000633:toxicity*; D004347:Drug Interactions; D004853:Epoxy Resins / Q000633:toxicity*; D005347:Fibroblasts / Q000187:drug effects; D066298:In Vitro Techniques; D008689:Methacrylates / Q000633:toxicity; D051379:Mice; D012117:Resins, Synthetic / Q000633:toxicity; D012387:Root Canal Filling Materials / Q000633:toxicity*; D012459:Salicylates / Q000633:toxicity*; D014315:Triterpenes / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D015035:Zinc Oxide-Eugenol Cement / Q000633:toxicity*
chemical_list: D003188:Composite Resins; C481259:EndoRez; D004853:Epoxy Resins; D008689:Methacrylates; D012117:Resins, Synthetic; D012387:Root Canal Filling Materials; D012459:Salicylates; D014315:Triterpenes; D015035:Zinc Oxide-Eugenol Cement; C534916:epoxy resin-based root canal sealer; C055601:Sealapex; C048769:tubliseal; D002126:Calcium Hydroxide; C102487:pachymic acid
keywords: Calcium hydroxide; cell culture; cytotoxicity; methylthiazoletetrazolium assay; pachymic acid; permanent cell line; resin-based sealers; root canal sealer; zinc oxide eugenol