title: Occurrence and source apportionment of Per- and poly-fluorinated compounds (PFCs) in North Canal Basin, Beijing.
abstract: Various per- and poly-fluorinated compounds (PFCs) were first systematically investigated in North Canal Basin, Beijing, China. A total of 68 surface water samples were collected from North Canal Basin, Beijing, at high spatial resolution. The seasonal disparity was compared and associated with source variation. PFCs concentrations in low-water period ranged from 26 to 207 ng/L, and significantly declined levels were found in high-water period. The individual component proportions among different sites varied less in high-water period, when runoff played a role in mixing and diluting PFCs. A methodology combined with principal component analysis (PCA), heat map-hierarchical cluster analysis (HM-HCA), and correlation analysis were introduced to discriminate sources of PFCs in surface water. The statistical results agreed with each other, and daily domestic consumption, fire-fighting products and related industries were identified as sources of PFCs in this region. In addition, two composition ratios were proposed through the methodology to distinguish the impact of nonpoint source, and the outcome demonstrates that great disparities exist in compositional profiles between nonpoint source and others. Overall, the results showed that this comprehensive analysis method has great potential for source apportionment in surface water and other environmental compartments.
authors.affiliation: Beijing Key Laboratory of Emerging Organic Contaminants Control, State Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control, Collaborative Innovation Center for Regional Environmental Quality, School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China.
authors.forename: Yi-Zhe
authors.initials: YZ
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: Beijing Key Laboratory of Emerging Organic Contaminants Control, State Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control, Collaborative Innovation Center for Regional Environmental Quality, School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China.
authors.forename: Bin
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: CSD IDEA (Beijing) Environmental Test&Analysis Co., Ltd., Beijing 100192, China.
authors.forename: Wei
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: CSD IDEA (Beijing) Environmental Test&Analysis Co., Ltd., Beijing 100192, China.
authors.forename: Wen-Chao
authors.initials: WC
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: Beijing Key Laboratory of Emerging Organic Contaminants Control, State Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control, Collaborative Innovation Center for Regional Environmental Quality, School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China.
authors.forename: Jun
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Huang
authors.affiliation: Beijing Key Laboratory of Emerging Organic Contaminants Control, State Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control, Collaborative Innovation Center for Regional Environmental Quality, School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China.
authors.forename: Shu-Bo
authors.initials: SB
authors.lastname: Deng
authors.affiliation: Beijing Key Laboratory of Emerging Organic Contaminants Control, State Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control, Collaborative Innovation Center for Regional Environmental Quality, School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China.
authors.forename: Yu-Jue
authors.initials: YJ
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: Beijing Key Laboratory of Emerging Organic Contaminants Control, State Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control, Collaborative Innovation Center for Regional Environmental Quality, School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China.
authors.forename: Gang
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Yu