title: Plasma Levels of Marine n-3 Fatty Acids Are Inversely Correlated With Proinflammatory Markers sTNFR1 and IL-6 in Renal Transplant Recipients.
abstract: Marine n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) exert potential anti-inflammatory effects and might improve long-term outcomes after renal transplantation. We assessed associations between plasma phospholipid levels of marine n-3 PUFAs and plasma inflammatory biomarkers 10 weeks after renal transplantation.
  
  
  
  Cross-sectional single-center study.
  
  
  
  A study population of 861 renal transplant recipients transplanted at Oslo University Hospital between 2007 and 2011.
  
  
  
  Plasma phospholipid fatty acids were determined by gas chromatography. Marine n-3 PUFA levels were defined as the sum of eicosapentaenoic acid, docosahexaenoic acid, and docosapentaenoic acid levels in weight percentage of total plasma phospholipid fatty acids. Plasma inflammatory biomarkers were measured by enzyme immunoassays. We used multivariable linear regression analysis to assess associations between levels of marine n-3 PUFAs and inflammatory biomarkers in plasma.
  
  
  
  Plasma marine n-3 PUFA levels were inversely associated with plasma levels of proinflammatory biomarkers soluble tumor necrosis factor receptor 1 (standardized regression coefficient -0.11, P < .001) and interleukin-6 (standardized regression coefficient -0.09, P = .01). In contrast, there was no association between plasma levels of marine n-3 PUFAs and the anti-inflammatory mediator interleukin-10.
  
  
  
  In this renal transplant cohort, inverse associations between plasma levels of marine n-3 PUFAs and markers of inflammation were demonstrated.
authors.affiliation: Department of Transplant Medicine, Section of Nephrology, Oslo University Hospital, Rikshospitalet, Oslo, Norway; Department of Nephrology, Oslo University Hospital, Ullevål, Oslo, Norway. Electronic address: ivaeid@ous-hf.no.
authors.forename: Ivar A
authors.initials: IA
authors.lastname: Eide
authors.affiliation: The Norwegian Renal Registry, Oslo University Hospital, Rikshospitalet, Oslo, Norway; Department of Pharmaceutical Biosciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.
authors.forename: Anders
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Åsberg
authors.affiliation: Department of Renal Medicine, Akershus University Hospital, Lørenskog, Norway.
authors.forename: My
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Svensson
authors.affiliation: Research Institute of Internal Medicine, Oslo University Hospital, Rikshospitalet, Oslo, Norway; Institute of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway; K. G. Jebsen Inflammation Research Center, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway; K. G. Jebsen Thrombosis Research and Expertice Center, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Tromsø, Tromsø, Norway.
authors.forename: Thor
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Ueland
authors.affiliation: K. G. Jebsen Inflammation Research Center, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway; K. G. Jebsen Thrombosis Research and Expertice Center, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Tromsø, Tromsø, Norway; Research Laboratory, Nordland Hospital, Bodø, Norway; Department of Immunology, Oslo University Hospital, Rikshospitalet, Oslo, Norway; Centre of Molecular Inflammation Research, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway.
authors.forename: Tom E
authors.initials: TE
authors.lastname: Mollnes
authors.affiliation: Department of Transplant Medicine, Section of Nephrology, Oslo University Hospital, Rikshospitalet, Oslo, Norway; Institute of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.
authors.forename: Anders
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Hartmann
authors.affiliation: Department of Medical Biochemistry, St. Olavs Hospital, Trondheim University Hospital, Trondheim, Norway; Department of Laboratory Medicine, Children's and Women's Health, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway.
authors.forename: Kristian S
authors.initials: KS
authors.lastname: Bjerve
authors.affiliation: Research Institute of Internal Medicine, Oslo University Hospital, Rikshospitalet, Oslo, Norway.
authors.forename: Annika
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Michelsen
authors.affiliation: Research Institute of Internal Medicine, Oslo University Hospital, Rikshospitalet, Oslo, Norway; Section of Clinical Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Oslo University Hospital, Rikshospitalet, Oslo, Norway.
authors.forename: Pål
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Aukrust
authors.affiliation: Department of Nephrology, Aalborg University Hospital, Aalborg, Denmark.
authors.forename: Jeppe H
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Christensen
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardiology, Aalborg University Hospital, Aalborg, Denmark.
authors.forename: Erik B
authors.initials: EB
authors.lastname: Schmidt
authors.affiliation: Department of Transplant Medicine, Section of Nephrology, Oslo University Hospital, Rikshospitalet, Oslo, Norway; Metabolic and Renal Research Group, UiT The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway.
authors.forename: Trond
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Jenssen
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000097:blood; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D015118:Eicosapentaenoic Acid / Q000097:blood; D015525:Fatty Acids, Omega-3 / Q000097:blood*; D005231:Fatty Acids, Unsaturated / Q000097:blood; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D016753:Interleukin-10 / Q000097:blood; D015850:Interleukin-6 / Q000097:blood*; D016030:Kidney Transplantation; D016014:Linear Models; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D015999:Multivariate Analysis; D010743:Phospholipids / Q000097:blood; D047888:Receptors, Tumor Necrosis Factor, Type I / Q000097:blood*; D066027:Transplant Recipients; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; D015525:Fatty Acids, Omega-3; D005231:Fatty Acids, Unsaturated; C508609:IL10 protein, human; C508600:IL6 protein, human; D015850:Interleukin-6; D010743:Phospholipids; D047888:Receptors, Tumor Necrosis Factor, Type I; D016753:Interleukin-10; D015118:Eicosapentaenoic Acid; C026219:docosapentaenoic acid