title: Simultaneous conversion of free fatty acids and triglycerides to biodiesel by immobilized Aspergillus oryzae expressing Fusarium heterosporum lipase.
abstract: The presence of high levels of free fatty acids (FFA) in oil is a barrier to one-step biodiesel production. Undesirable soaps are formed during conventional chemical methods, and enzyme deactivation occurs when enzymatic methods are used. This work investigates an efficient technique to simultaneously convert a mixture of free fatty acids and triglycerides (TAG). A partial soybean hydrolysate containing 73.04% free fatty acids and 24.81% triglycerides was used as a substrate for the enzymatic production of fatty acid methyl ester (FAME). Whole-cell Candida antarctica lipase B-expressing Aspergillus oryzae, and Novozym 435 produced only 75.2 and 73.5% FAME, respectively. Fusarium heterosporum lipase-expressing A. oryzae produced more than 93% FAME in 72 h using three molar equivalents of methanol. FFA and TAG were converted simultaneously in the presence of increasing water content that resulted from esterification. Therefore, F. heterosporum lipase with a noted high level of tolerance of water could be useful in the industrial production of biodiesel from feedstock that has high proportion of free fatty acids.
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemical Science and Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Kobe University, Rokkodai, Nada-ku, Kobe, Japan.
authors.forename: Jerome
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Amoah
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemical Science and Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Kobe University, Rokkodai, Nada-ku, Kobe, Japan.
authors.forename: Emmanuel
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Quayson
authors.affiliation: Bio-energy Corporation, Research and Development Laboratory, Minaminanamatsu, Amagasaki, Japan.
authors.forename: Shinji
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Hama
authors.affiliation: Bio-energy Corporation, Research and Development Laboratory, Minaminanamatsu, Amagasaki, Japan.
authors.forename: Ayumi
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Yoshida
authors.affiliation: Department of Science, Technology and Innovation, Graduate School of Science, Technology and Innovation, Kobe University, Rokkodai, Nada-ku, Kobe, Japan.
authors.forename: Tomohisa
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Hasunuma
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemical Science and Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Kobe University, Rokkodai, Nada-ku, Kobe, Japan.
authors.forename: Chiaki
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Ogino
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemical Science and Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Kobe University, Rokkodai, Nada-ku, Kobe, Japan.
authors.forename: Akihiko
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Kondo
mesh_terms: D001236:Aspergillus oryzae / Q000378:metabolism*; D056804:Biofuels / Q000382:microbiology*; D018914:Cells, Immobilized / Q000382:microbiology*; D004800:Enzymes, Immobilized; D004951:Esterification; D005230:Fatty Acids, Nonesterified / Q000378:metabolism*; D005656:Fungal Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D005670:Fusarium / Q000201:enzymology*; D008049:Lipase / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D000432:Methanol / Q000378:metabolism; D014280:Triglycerides / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D056804:Biofuels; D004800:Enzymes, Immobilized; D005230:Fatty Acids, Nonesterified; D005656:Fungal Proteins; D014280:Triglycerides; C093667:Novozyme 435; D008049:Lipase; C431349:lipase B, Candida antarctica; D000432:Methanol
keywords: Biodiesel; Bioprocess; Esterification; Immobilized whole cell biocatalysis; Transesterification