title: Primary cicatricial alopecia: Lymphocytic primary cicatricial alopecias, including chronic cutaneous lupus erythematosus, lichen planopilaris, frontal fibrosing alopecia, and Graham-Little syndrome.
abstract: Both primary and secondary forms of cicatricial alopecia have been described. The hair follicles are the specific target of inflammation in primary cicatricial alopecias. Hair follicles are destroyed randomly with surrounding structures in secondary cicatricial alopecia. This 2-part continuing medical education article will review primary cicatricial alopecias according to the working classification suggested by the North American Hair Research Society. In this classification, the different entities are classified into 3 different groups according to their prominent inflammatory infiltrate (ie, lymphocytic, neutrophilic, and mixed). Part I discusses the following lymphocytic primary cicatricial alopecias: chronic cutaneous lupus erythematosus, lichen planopilaris, frontal fibrosing alopecia, and Graham-Little syndrome.
authors.affiliation: Department of Dermatology, University of Montreal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada. Electronic address: chantal.bolduc1@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Chantal
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Bolduc
authors.affiliation: Department of Dermatology, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, Maryland; Department of Pathology, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, Maryland.
authors.forename: Leonard C
authors.initials: LC
authors.lastname: Sperling
authors.affiliation: Department of Dermatology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada; Department of Dermatology, New York University, New York, New York.
authors.forename: Jerry
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Shapiro
mesh_terms: D000505:Alopecia / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000209:etiology; D002921:Cicatrix / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000209:etiology; D006801:Humans; D008010:Lichen Planus / Q000150:complications / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000473:pathology; D008179:Lupus Erythematosus, Discoid / Q000150:complications / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000473:pathology
keywords: alopecia; cicatricial; fibrosis; follicles; hair; hair loss; lymphocytes; neutrophils; permanent