title: Iatrogenic ureteral injury during laparoscopic colectomy: incidence and prevention A current literature review.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Iatrogenic ureteral injury (IUI) is a serious complication that can occur during abdominal or pelvic operations with a reported frequency in literature of approximately 0.3-1.5%. Moreover, the number of iatrogenic ureteric injuries has increased markedly during the past two decades, partly because of the introduction of laparoscopy and the overall increase in surgical procedures.
  
  
  METHODS
  The present systematic review was set up to compare the incidence of IUI between laparoscopic and open colectomies. The study also assessed the features of the ureteric injuries and their prevention and management. We conducted a search of the literature for prospective and randomized clinical trials presenting a comparison between laparoscopic and open colorectal resections performed for any indication starting from 2003 to 2015.
  
  
  RESULTS
  After an initial moderate increase in incidence of IUIs, with growing experience in laparoscopic surgery, ureteral injuries not seem to be more in laparoscopic surgery than conventional surgery. Many surgeons and gynecologists agree that prophylactic ureteral catheterization may reduce the chance of IUIs.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Ureteral injury is especially difficult to detect during laparoscopic operations, and the symptoms of ureteric injury may develop either acutely or more insidiously, depending on the mechanism of injury. These injuries, if recognized late, can result in significant morbidity with loss of renal function. Early recognition and immediate repair of ureteral injuries during the same procedure is highly desirable. A ureteral injury not recognized and treated during the same procedure may require a temporary diverting nephrostomy and secondary surgery with increased morbidity.
  
  
  BACKGROUND
  Colectomy, Injury, Laparoscopy, Ureter.
authors.forename: Giovanni
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Liguori
authors.forename: Chiara
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Dobrinja
authors.forename: Nicola
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Pavan
authors.forename: Nicolò
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: de Manzini
authors.forename: Stefano
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Bucci
authors.forename: Silvia
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Palmisano
authors.forename: Carlo
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Trombetta
mesh_terms: D003082:Colectomy / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000379:methods; D042241:Early Diagnosis; D006801:Humans; D015994:Incidence; D007431:Intraoperative Complications / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000517:prevention & control / Q000628:therapy; D010535:Laparoscopy / Q000009:adverse effects*; D007813:Laparotomy / Q000009:adverse effects; D059032:Learning Curve; D009403:Nephrostomy, Percutaneous; D011446:Prospective Studies; D016032:Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic; D012307:Risk Factors; D015607:Stents; D014513:Ureter / Q000293:injuries*; D014546:Urinary Catheterization