title: Caudal septum surgery techniques reviewed.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The caudal septum has important functional and aesthetic implications. Deviations in this area can result in important nasal obstruction due not only to blockage of the nasal passage but also to compromise of the internal nasal valve. Cosmetically, alterations in the caudal septum can result in a twisted nasal tip, loss of projection, rotation, and imbalance in the ala-columellar relationship. Contemporary surgical options will be discussed showing how to preserve, reshape, and reinforce the caudal septum to obtain a final looking nose that is not only functional but also aesthetically pleasing.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Recent publications have shown that cartilage preservation and remodeling techniques can be efficient in the treatment of the caudal septum. Adequate preoperative diagnosis must be made to be able to create a step-wise approach evolving from simple suturing techniques to more complex ones that require the use of grafts to reposition and keep the caudal septum in the midline with an adequate functional and cosmetic outcome.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Adequate management of the caudal portion of the nasal septum is a challenge because of its importance in nasal function and cosmetic final results. There are many surgical options that can be used to correct and align this structure and there is no one single surgical technique that can be used in all cases. A step-wise approach is presented covering the different techniques used today evolving from simple to more complicated ones. The final surgical objective should be cosmetically pleasing noses that function appropriately.
authors.affiliation: aFacial Plastic Surgery, Department of Otolaryngology, Centro Médico Imbanaco bOtolaryngology, Hospital Militar Central, Bogotá, Colombia.
authors.forename: Roxana
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Cobo
authors.forename: Angie
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Caldas
mesh_terms: D002356:Cartilage / Q000637:transplantation*; D003105:Colombia; D004954:Esthetics; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D015508:Nasal Obstruction / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000601:surgery; D009300:Nasal Septum / Q000002:abnormalities / Q000601:surgery*; D012225:Rhinoplasty / Q000379:methods*; D013536:Suture Techniques