title: ConoSurf: Open-source 3D scanning system based on a conoscopic holography device for acquiring surgical surfaces.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  A difficulty in computer-assisted interventions is acquiring the patient's anatomy intraoperatively. Standard modalities have several limitations: low image quality (ultrasound), radiation exposure (computed tomography) or high costs (magnetic resonance imaging). An alternative approach uses a tracked pointer; however, the pointer causes tissue deformation and requires sterilizing. Recent proposals, utilizing a tracked conoscopic holography device, have shown promising results without the previously mentioned drawbacks.
  
  
  METHODS
  We have developed an open-source software system that enables real-time surface scanning using a conoscopic holography device and a wide variety of tracking systems, integrated into pre-existing and well-supported software solutions.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The mean target registration error of point measurements was 1.46 mm. For a quick guidance scan, surface reconstruction improved the surface registration error compared with point-set registration.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  We have presented a system enabling real-time surface scanning using a tracked conoscopic holography device. Results show that it can be useful for acquiring the patient's anatomy during surgery.
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Bioingeniería e Ingeniería Aeroespacial, Universidad Carlos III de Madrid, Madrid, Spain.
authors.forename: Mikael
authors.identifier: http://orcid.org/0000-0002-2884-2336
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Brudfors
authors.affiliation: Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Gregorio Marañón (IiSGM), Madrid, Spain.
authors.forename: Verónica
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: García-Vázquez
authors.affiliation: Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Gregorio Marañón (IiSGM), Madrid, Spain.
authors.forename: Begoña
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Sesé-Lucio
authors.affiliation: Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Gregorio Marañón (IiSGM), Madrid, Spain.
authors.forename: Eugenio
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Marinetto
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Bioingeniería e Ingeniería Aeroespacial, Universidad Carlos III de Madrid, Madrid, Spain.|Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Gregorio Marañón (IiSGM), Madrid, Spain.|Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental (CIBERSAM), Madrid, Spain.
authors.forename: Manuel
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Desco
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Bioingeniería e Ingeniería Aeroespacial, Universidad Carlos III de Madrid, Madrid, Spain.|Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Gregorio Marañón (IiSGM), Madrid, Spain.|Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental (CIBERSAM), Madrid, Spain.
authors.forename: Javier
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Pascau
mesh_terms: D003082:Colectomy / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D003106:Colon / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery; D003113:Colonoscopy / Q000295:instrumentation* / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D003198:Computer Simulation; D003199:Computer Systems / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D006696:Holography / Q000295:instrumentation* / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D006801:Humans; D021621:Imaging, Three-Dimensional / Q000295:instrumentation* / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D008953:Models, Anatomic; D012984:Software; D025321:Surgery, Computer-Assisted / Q000295:instrumentation* / Q000706:statistics & numerical data