title: Sinonasal Carcinomas with Neuroendocrine Features: Histopathological Differentiation and Treatment Outcomes.
abstract: ObjectivesSinonasal cancers with neuroendocrine features share similar clinical, radiological, and histopathological features; however, these tumors often exhibit varying degrees of aggressive behavior presenting significant treatment challenges. The objective of this study was to report our experience with these rare malignancies and to present a review of current literature.MethodsFollowing institutional review board approval, the records of all patients with biopsy-proven sinonasal malignancies over a 5-year period were reviewed.ResultsThe study included 14 patients with olfactory neuroblastomas (ONBs), 7 patients with sinonasal undifferentiated carcinomas (SNUC), and 2 patients with sinonasal neuroendocrine carcinomas (SNEC). Histopathologic markers aided in final diagnosis, but showed variable specificity. In patients with sufficient follow-up, the 2-year disease-free survival rate was 81% (9/11) for ONB and 75% (3/4) for SNUC. Three patients developed a regional or distant recurrence (two with ONBs and one with SNUC). Two patients, one with SNEC and one with ONB, succumbed to brain radionecrosis related to proton radiation therapy.ConclusionsOverlapping clinical and histopathological features in poorly differentiated sinonasal cancers with neuroendocrine features continue to present a diagnostic challenge. Individualized assessment and treatment strategies can improve the accuracy of the initial assessment and the treatment outcomes.
authors.affiliation: Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, Ohio, United States.
authors.forename: Liuba
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Soldatova
authors.affiliation: Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, Ohio, United States.
authors.forename: Raewyn G
authors.initials: RG
authors.lastname: Campbell
authors.affiliation: Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, Ohio, United States; Department of Neurological Surgery, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, Ohio, United States.
authors.forename: Ricardo L
authors.initials: RL
authors.lastname: Carrau
authors.affiliation: Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, Ohio, United States; Department of Neurological Surgery, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, Ohio, United States.
authors.forename: Daniel M
authors.initials: DM
authors.lastname: Prevedello
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathology, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, Ohio, United States.
authors.forename: Paul
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Wakely
authors.affiliation: Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, Ohio, United States; Department of Neurological Surgery, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, Ohio, United States.
authors.forename: Bradley A
authors.initials: BA
authors.lastname: Otto
authors.affiliation: Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, Ohio, United States.
authors.forename: Leo F Ditzel
authors.initials: LF
authors.lastname: Filho
keywords: esthesioneuroblastoma; olfactory neuroblastoma; sinonasal cancers of neuroectodermal origin; sinonasal cancers with neuroendocrine features; sinonasal carcinoid; sinonasal large cell cancer; sinonasal neuroendocrine carcinoma; sinonasal small cell cancer; sinonasal undifferentiated carcinoma