title: Lateral Flow Assay Based on Paper-Hydrogel Hybrid Material for Sensitive Point-of-Care Detection of Dengue Virus.
abstract: Paper-based devices have been broadly used for the point-of-care detection of dengue viral nucleic acids due to their simplicity, cost-effectiveness, and readily observable colorimetric readout. However, their moderate sensitivity and functionality have limited their applications. Despite the above-mentioned advantages, paper substrates are lacking in their ability to control fluid flow, in contrast to the flow control enabled by polymer substrates (e.g., agarose) with readily tunable pore size and porosity. Herein, taking the benefits from both materials, the authors propose a strategy to create a hybrid substrate by incorporating agarose into the test strip to achieve flow control for optimal biomolecule interactions. As compared to the unmodified test strip, this strategy allows sensitive detection of targets with an approximately tenfold signal improvement. Additionally, the authors showcase the potential of functionality improvement by creating multiple test zones for semi-quantification of targets, suggesting that the number of visible test zones is directly proportional to the target concentration. The authors further demonstrate the potential of their proposed strategy for clinical assessment by applying it to their prototype sample-to-result test strip to sensitively and semi-quantitatively detect dengue viral RNA from the clinical blood samples. This proposed strategy holds significant promise for detecting various targets for diverse future applications.
authors.affiliation: The Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information Engineering of Ministry of Education, School of Life Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710049, P. R. China.|Bioinspired Engineering and Biomechanics Center (BEBC), Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710049, P. R. China.|Department of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Malaya, Lembah Pantai, 50603, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
authors.forename: Jane Ru
authors.initials: JR
authors.lastname: Choi
authors.affiliation: The Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information Engineering of Ministry of Education, School of Life Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710049, P. R. China.|Bioinspired Engineering and Biomechanics Center (BEBC), Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710049, P. R. China.|Department of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Malaya, Lembah Pantai, 50603, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
authors.forename: Kar Wey
authors.initials: KW
authors.lastname: Yong
authors.affiliation: The Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information Engineering of Ministry of Education, School of Life Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710049, P. R. China.|Bioinspired Engineering and Biomechanics Center (BEBC), Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710049, P. R. China.|School of Life Sciences, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, 710072, P. R. China.
authors.forename: Ruihua
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Tang
authors.affiliation: The Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information Engineering of Ministry of Education, School of Life Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710049, P. R. China.|Bioinspired Engineering and Biomechanics Center (BEBC), Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710049, P. R. China.|Xi'an Diandi Biotech Company, Xi'an, 710049, P. R. China.
authors.forename: Yan
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Gong
authors.affiliation: Xi'an Diandi Biotech Company, Xi'an, 710049, P. R. China.
authors.forename: Ting
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Wen
authors.affiliation: School of Life Sciences, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, 710072, P. R. China.
authors.forename: Hui
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of Shaanxi Province for Craniofacial Precision Medicine Research, College of Stomatology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710049, P. R. China.
authors.forename: Ang
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: Department of Primary Care Medicine, University of Malaya Primary Care Research Group, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Lembah Pantai, 50603, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
authors.forename: Yook Chin
authors.initials: YC
authors.lastname: Chia
authors.affiliation: Department of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Malaya, Lembah Pantai, 50603, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
authors.forename: Belinda
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Pingguan-Murphy
authors.affiliation: The Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information Engineering of Ministry of Education, School of Life Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710049, P. R. China.|Bioinspired Engineering and Biomechanics Center (BEBC), Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710049, P. R. China.
authors.forename: Feng
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Xu
mesh_terms: D003716:Dengue Virus; D006046:Gold / Q000737:chemistry*; D020100:Hydrogels / Q000737:chemistry*; D053768:Metal Nanoparticles / Q000737:chemistry*; D010209:Paper; D019095:Point-of-Care Systems; D012367:RNA, Viral / Q000097:blood*; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity
chemical_list: D020100:Hydrogels; D012367:RNA, Viral; D006046:Gold
keywords: agarose; dengue viral detection; semi-quantification; sensitivity enhancement; test strips