title: Ultrasonography and magnetic resonance imaging evaluation of pediatric spinal anomalies.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Spinal dysraphisms are congenital abnormalities of the spine due to imperfect fusion of midline mesenchymal, bony and neural structures. Imaging plays a vital role in their evaluation as significant portion of patients may present with concurrent anomalies that need to be corrected simultaneously to avoid repeat surgeries.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  The aims of the study were to evaluate Spinal dysraphisms using USG and MRI and to correlate imaging findings with operative findings in patients undergoing surgery.
  
  
  METHODS
  Hospital based observational study conducted over a period of year.
  
  
  METHODS
  38 cases of both sexes and below 12 years of age with spinal dysraphism were studied. USG was performed in 29 cases where acoustic window was available for proper evaluation. MRI was performed in all cases. USG findings were compared with MRI findings and operative follow up was taken in 23 cases who underwent operative management.
  
  
  METHODS
  Results were analysed using percentage and arithmetic mean.
  
  
  RESULTS
  39.47 % cases were male and 60.53 % cases were female. Neonatal period was the most common presenting age group. Closed spinal dysraphism (63.16%) was more common than open (36.84%). 79.31% cases showed full agreement between spinal USG and MRI examinations and 6 out of 20.69% showed partial agreement. On operative correlation, USG findings were confirmatory in 91.30% cases and MRI findings were confirmatory in 100% cases.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  USG can be used as the initial modality for evaluation of spinal dysraphism as well as for screening of suspected cases. MRI is indicated to confirm abnormal USG findings, which shows all concurrent abnormalities and also provides additional anatomical details relevant to surgical planning.
authors.affiliation: Department of Radio Diagnosis, Assam Medical College and Hospital, Dibrugarh, Assam, India.
authors.forename: Dhaval Durlabhbhai
authors.initials: DD
authors.lastname: Dhingani
authors.affiliation: Department of Radio Diagnosis, Assam Medical College and Hospital, Dibrugarh, Assam, India.
authors.forename: Deb Kumar
authors.initials: DK
authors.lastname: Boruah
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatric Surgery, Assam Medical College and Hospital, Dibrugarh, Assam, India.
authors.forename: Hemonta Kumar
authors.initials: HK
authors.lastname: Dutta
authors.affiliation: Department of Radio Diagnosis, Assam Medical College and Hospital, Dibrugarh, Assam, India.
authors.forename: Rudra Kanta
authors.initials: RK
authors.lastname: Gogoi
keywords: Congenital spinal anomalies; magnetic resonance imaging; spinal dysraphisms; spinal ultrasonography; tethered cord