title: Effect of gemini surfactant (16-6-16) on the synthesis of silver nanoparticles: A facile approach for antibacterial application.
abstract: In this report, we describe the effect of Gemini surfactants1, 6-Bis (N, N-hexadecyldimethylammonium) adipate (16-6-16) on synthesis, stability and antibacterial activity of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs). The stabilizing effect of Gemini surfactant and aggregation behavior of AgNPs was evaluated by plasmonic property and morphology of the AgNPs were characterized by UV-vis spectroscopy, Dynamic Light Scattering (DLS), X-ray diffraction (XRD), High resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM) and Energy dispersive X-ray analysis (EDX) techniques. Interestingly, the formation of quite mono-dispersed spherical particles was found. Apart from the stabilizing role, the Gemini surfactant has promoted the agglomeration of individual AgNPs in small assemblies whose Plasmon band features differed from those of the individual nanoparticles. The antibacterial activity of the synthesized AgNPs on Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacterium viz., E. coli and S. aureus was carried out by plate count, growth kinetics and cell viability assay. Furthermore, the mechanism of antibacterial activity of AgNPs was tested by Zeta potential and DLS analysis, to conclude that surface charge of AgNPs disrupts the cells causing cell death.
authors.affiliation: Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR)-Central Leather Research Institute (CLRI), Industrial Chemistry Laboratory, Chennai 600 020, India.
authors.forename: A Mohammed
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Siddiq
authors.affiliation: Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR)-Central Leather Research Institute (CLRI), Biological Materials Laboratory, Chennai 600 020, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), New Delhi 110001, India.
authors.forename: Thanusu
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Parandhaman
authors.affiliation: Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR)-Central Leather Research Institute (CLRI), Industrial Chemistry Laboratory, Chennai 600 020, India.
authors.forename: A Farzana
authors.initials: AF
authors.lastname: Begam
authors.affiliation: Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR)-Central Leather Research Institute (CLRI), Biological Materials Laboratory, Chennai 600 020, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), New Delhi 110001, India.
authors.forename: Sujoy K
authors.initials: SK
authors.lastname: Das
authors.affiliation: Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR)-Central Leather Research Institute (CLRI), Industrial Chemistry Laboratory, Chennai 600 020, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), New Delhi 110001, India. Electronic address: sayemalam@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Md Sayem
authors.initials: MS
authors.lastname: Alam
mesh_terms: D000475:Alkenes / Q000737:chemistry; D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents / Q000138:chemical synthesis* / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology; D004926:Escherichia coli / Q000187:drug effects; D055772:Green Chemistry Technology; D053768:Metal Nanoparticles / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000648:ultrastructure; D008826:Microbial Sensitivity Tests; D015394:Molecular Structure; D036103:Nanotechnology; D000644:Quaternary Ammonium Compounds / Q000737:chemistry; D012834:Silver / Q000737:chemistry*; D013211:Staphylococcus aureus / Q000187:drug effects*; D013501:Surface-Active Agents / Q000737:chemistry*
chemical_list: D000475:Alkenes; D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents; D000644:Quaternary Ammonium Compounds; D013501:Surface-Active Agents; D012834:Silver
keywords: Antibacterial activity; Gemini surfactant; Nobel metal nanoparticle; Silver nanoparticles