title: Design of Diketopyrrolopyrrole (DPP)-Based Small Molecules for Organic-Solar-Cell Applications.
abstract: After the first report in 2008, diketopyrrolopyrrole (DPP)-based small-molecule photovoltaic materials have been intensively explored. The power conversion efficiencies (PCEs) for the DPP-based small-molecule donors have been improved up to 8%. Furthermore, through judicious structure modification, DPP-based small molecules can also be converted into electron-acceptor materials, and, recently, some exciting progress has been achieved. The development of DPP-based photovoltaic small molecules is summarized here, and the photovoltaic performance is discussed in relation to structural modifications, such as the variations of donor-acceptor building blocks, alkyl substitutions, and the type of conjugated bridges, as well as end-capped groups. It is expected that the discussion will provide a guideline in the exploration of novel and promising DPP-containing photovoltaic small molecules.
authors.affiliation: CAS Key Laboratory of Nanosystem and Hierarchical Fabrication, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China.
authors.forename: Ailing
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Tang
authors.affiliation: Beijing National Laboratory of Molecular Science, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China.
authors.forename: Chuanlang
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Zhan
authors.affiliation: Beijing National Laboratory of Molecular Science, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China.
authors.forename: Jiannian
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Yao
authors.affiliation: CAS Key Laboratory of Nanosystem and Hierarchical Fabrication, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China.|Yangtze River Delta Academy of Nanotechnology and Industry Development Research, Jiaxing, Zhejiang Province, 314000, P. R. China.
authors.forename: Erjun
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Zhou
keywords: diketopyrrolopyrrole; organic solar cells; photovoltaic; small molecules; structure-property relationships