title: Efficacy of Dexmedetomidine as a Sole Sedative Agent in Small Diagnostic and Therapeutic Procedures: A Systematic Review.
abstract: Dexmedetomidine is an upcoming agent with sedative, anxiolytic, and analgesic properties. This review summarizes empirical evidence for the efficacy of dexmedetomidine as a sole sedative agent, and its effectiveness for small diagnostic and therapeutic procedure, in comparison with other frequently used sedatives. All randomized controlled trials on the effect of dexmedetomidine were reviewed. Pain level, patient satisfaction, operator satisfaction, procedure duration, recovery time, and hemodynamic and respiratory characteristics were examined. A total of 1993 patients (1,621 adults; 372 children) from 35 studies were included. In the adult studies, dexmedetomidine yielded significantly lower pain levels compared to the other sedatives (in 31.25% of the included studies) and significantly more patient satisfaction (68.2%). In studies on children, more favorable results concerning respiratory safety and the level of adequate sedation were found compared to the control sedatives. Implications for future studies are discussed.
authors.affiliation: Department of Anesthesiology, Center for Pain Medicine, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Feline F J A
authors.initials: FFJA
authors.lastname: Ter Bruggen
authors.affiliation: Department of Anesthesiology, Center for Pain Medicine, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Ismail
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Eralp
authors.affiliation: Department of Anesthesiology, Center for Pain Medicine, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Chris K
authors.initials: CK
authors.lastname: Jansen
authors.affiliation: Department of Anesthesiology, Center for Pain Medicine, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Dirk L
authors.initials: DL
authors.lastname: Stronks
authors.affiliation: Department of Anesthesiology, Center for Pain Medicine, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Frank J P M
authors.initials: FJPM
authors.lastname: Huygen
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D002648:Child; D016292:Procedural Sedation / Q000379:methods; D020927:Dexmedetomidine / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D006439:Hemodynamics / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology; D006801:Humans; D006993:Hypnotics and Sedatives / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D008875:Middle Aged; D010147:Pain Measurement / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000379:methods; D010149:Postoperative Pain / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000188:drug therapy; D017060:Patient Satisfaction; D016032:Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic / Q000379:methods; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D006993:Hypnotics and Sedatives; D020927:Dexmedetomidine
keywords: analgesia; anesthesia; conscious sedation; sedatives