title: Comparison of cardiovascular risk assessment tools and their guidelines in evaluation of 10-year CVD risk and preventive recommendations: A population based study.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Identification of individuals at risk of cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) results in better clinical outcomes and may help policy makers in conscious decision making for community based and national intervention strategies. The main aim of this study was to compare various CVD risk assessment tools and their related guidelines in estimation of 10-year CVD risk and subsequent therapeutic recommendations, respectively.
  
  
  METHODS
  Data of 3086 subjects aged 40-74years from a cohort study of northern Iran were utilized in this cross-sectional study. The risks were calculated based on American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association (ACC/AHA) tool, two versions of Systematic Coronary Risk Evaluation (SCORE) equations (for low and high risk European countries) and Framingham approach. We also detected participants who ought to be recommended for treatment based on the specific guidelines related to each of the risk assessment tools.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Mean cardiovascular risks were 12.96%, 8.84%, 1.90% and 3.45% in men and 5.87%, 2.13%, 0.8% and 1.13% in women based on ACC/AHA, Framingham, SCORE equation for low-risk European countries and high-risk European countries, respectively. Based on ACC/AHA, Adult Treatment Panel III (ATPIII) and European Society of Cardiology (ESC) guidelines related to SCORE equations for low and high risk European countries 58.2%, 27.1%, 21.1% and 28.6% of men and 39.7%, 33.0%, 29.5% and 30.7% of women were recommended to statin therapy, respectively.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In conclusion, more individuals were recommended for treatment by ACC/AHA guideline than the other guidelines.
authors.affiliation: Department of Social Medicine, Zanjan University of Medical Sciences, Zanjan, Iran.
authors.forename: Nima
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Motamed
authors.affiliation: Gastrointestinal and Liver Disease Research Center, Firoozgar Hospital, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
authors.forename: Behnam
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Rabiee
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Science, Engineering and Computing, Kingston University, Kingston, United Kingdom.
authors.forename: Dhaya
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Perumal
authors.affiliation: Liver and Pancreatobiliary Diseases Research Center, Digestive Diseases Research Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
authors.forename: Hossein
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Poustchi
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardiology, Hazrat Rasoul Hospital, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
authors.forename: Seyed Javad Haji
authors.initials: SJ
authors.lastname: Miresmail
authors.affiliation: Gastrointestinal and Liver Disease Research Center, Firoozgar Hospital, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
authors.forename: Behzad
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Farahani
authors.affiliation: Gastrointestinal and Liver Disease Research Center, Firoozgar Hospital, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
authors.forename: Mansooreh
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Maadi
authors.affiliation: Gastrointestinal and Liver Disease Research Center, Firoozgar Hospital, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
authors.forename: Fatemeh Sima
authors.initials: FS
authors.lastname: Saeedian
authors.affiliation: Gastrointestinal and Liver Disease Research Center, Firoozgar Hospital, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
authors.forename: Hossein
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Ajdarkosh
authors.affiliation: Gastrointestinal and Liver Disease Research Center, Firoozgar Hospital, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
authors.forename: Mahmood Reza
authors.initials: MR
authors.lastname: Khonsari
authors.affiliation: Gastrointestinal and Liver Disease Research Center, Firoozgar Hospital, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
authors.forename: Gholam Reza
authors.initials: GR
authors.lastname: Hemasi
authors.affiliation: Gastrointestinal and Liver Disease Research Center, Firoozgar Hospital, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. Electronic address: zamani.farhad@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Farhad
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Zamani
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D002318:Cardiovascular Diseases / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000517:prevention & control; D003153:Community Health Services / Q000379:methods / Q000458:organization & administration; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D005260:Female; D017408:Guidelines as Topic; D006801:Humans; D019161:Hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA Reductase Inhibitors / Q000627:therapeutic use; D007492:Iran / Q000453:epidemiology; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011314:Preventive Health Services / Q000379:methods / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D018570:Risk Assessment / Q000379:methods*; D012307:Risk Factors
chemical_list: D019161:Hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA Reductase Inhibitors
keywords: 10-Year cardiovascular risk; ACC/AHA guidelines; Cardiovascular diseases; Cardiovascular risk assessment tools; Framingham guidelines; SCORE risk charts