title: Sex differences modulating serotonergic polymorphisms implicated in the mechanistic pathways of risk for depression and related disorders.
abstract: Despite consistent observations of sex differences in depression and related emotional disorders, we do not yet know how these sex differences modulate the effects of genetic polymorphisms implicated in risk for these disorders. This Mini-Review focuses on genetic polymorphisms of the serotonergic system to illustrate how sex differences might modulate the neurobiological pathways involved in the development of depression. We consider the interacting role of environmental factors such as early-life stress. Given limited current knowledge about this topic, we highlight methodological considerations, challenges, and guidelines for future research. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
authors.affiliation: Neurosciences Program, Stanford University, Stanford, California.
authors.forename: LeeAnn M
authors.initials: LM
authors.lastname: Perry
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California.|Sierra-Pacific Mental Illness Research, Education, and Clinical Center, Veterans Affairs Palo Alto Health Care System, Palo Alto, California.
authors.forename: Andrea N
authors.initials: AN
authors.lastname: Goldstein-Piekarski
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California.|Sierra-Pacific Mental Illness Research, Education, and Clinical Center, Veterans Affairs Palo Alto Health Care System, Palo Alto, California.
authors.forename: Leanne M
authors.initials: LM
authors.lastname: Williams
mesh_terms: D001921:Brain / Q000378:metabolism; D003863:Depression / Q000235:genetics*; D006801:Humans; D011110:Polymorphism, Genetic / Q000235:genetics*; D012701:Serotonin / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism; D012727:Sex Characteristics; D015398:Signal Transduction / Q000235:genetics*; D013315:Stress, Psychological
chemical_list: D012701:Serotonin
keywords: amygdala; anxiety; conduct disorder; early-life stress; personality; suicide