title: Perioperative hemodynamic instability in patients undergoing laparoscopic adrenalectomy for pheochromocytoma.
abstract: Perioperative hemodynamic instability still remains the biggest surgical and anesthetic challenge in surgery for pheochromocytoma. The aim of this review was to discuss pre-, intra- and postoperative factors that may impact on hemodynamic condition of a patient. It describes patients' preparation with appropriate medication, principles of surgical technique as well as risk factors for development of hemodynamic instability in postoperative period. Currently the gold standard in the treatment of pheochromocytoma is preoperative use of alpha-blockers and laparoscopic surgery. This approach allowed improving outcomes by lowering both mortality and morbidity.
authors.affiliation: 2 Department of General Surgery, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Kraków, Poland;; Department of Endoscopic, Metabolic and Soft Tissue Tumors Surgery, Kraków, Poland.
authors.forename: Magdalena
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Pisarska
authors.affiliation: 2 Department of General Surgery, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Kraków, Poland;; Department of Endoscopic, Metabolic and Soft Tissue Tumors Surgery, Kraków, Poland.
authors.forename: Michał
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Pędziwiatr
authors.affiliation: 2 Department of General Surgery, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Kraków, Poland;; Department of Endoscopic, Metabolic and Soft Tissue Tumors Surgery, Kraków, Poland.
authors.forename: Andrzej
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Budzyński
keywords: Laparoscopy; adrenalectomy; hemodynamic instability; pheochromocytoma