title: Characterization of a BODIPY Dye as an Active Species for Redox Flow Batteries.
abstract: An all-organic redox flow battery (RFB) employing a fluorescent boron-dipyrromethene (BODIPY) dye (PM567) was investigated. In a RFB, the stability of the electrolyte in all charged states is critically linked to coulombic efficiency. To evaluate stability, bulk electrolysis and cyclic voltammetry (CV) experiments were performed. Oxidized and reduced, PM567 does not remain intact; however, the products of bulk electrolysis evolve over time to show stable redox behavior, making the dye a precursor for the active species of an RFB. A theoretical cell potential of 2.32 V was predicted from CV experiments with a working discharge voltage of approximately 1.6 V in a static test cell. Mass spectrometry was used to identify the products of bulk electrolysis. Related experiments were carried out using ferrocene and cobaltocenium hexafluorophosphate as redox-stable benchmarks to further explain the stability results. The coulombic efficiency of a model cell using PM567 as a precursor for charge carriers stabilized around 73 %.
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry, University at Buffalo, The State University of New York, Buffalo, New York, USA.
authors.forename: Anjula M
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Kosswattaarachchi
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry, University at Buffalo, The State University of New York, Buffalo, New York, USA.
authors.forename: Alan E
authors.initials: AE
authors.lastname: Friedman
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry, University at Buffalo, The State University of New York, Buffalo, New York, USA.
authors.forename: Timothy R
authors.identifier: http://orcid.org/0000-0002-7668-8089
authors.initials: TR
authors.lastname: Cook
mesh_terms: D001896:Boron Compounds; D011211:Electric Power Supplies / Q000639:trends*; D004563:Electrochemistry / Q000379:methods; D004572:Electrolysis; D005456:Fluorescent Dyes / Q000737:chemistry; D010084:Oxidation-Reduction
chemical_list: C095489:4,4-difluoro-4-bora-3a,4a-diaza-s-indacene; D001896:Boron Compounds; D005456:Fluorescent Dyes
keywords: BODIPY; cyclic voltammetry; electrolyte; redox flow battery; stability