title: Antimicrobial Resistance of Campylobacter Species Isolated from Broilers in Live Bird Markets in Shanghai, China.
abstract: This study was conducted to determine the prevalence of antimicrobial resistance in Campylobacter spp. isolates from broilers in live bird markets (LBMs). A total of 209 Campylobacter spp. isolates (84 Campylobacter jejuni; 125 Campylobacter coli) were recovered from 364 broiler cecum samples collected from five LBMs in Shanghai, China. Minimum inhibitory concentrations of 13 antimicrobials were determined using agar dilution method. More than 96% of the Campylobacter spp. isolates were resistant to quinolones and tetracyclines. A high prevalence of macrolide resistance (erythromycin, 84.0%; azithromycin, 80.8%) was observed in C. coli, but not in C. jejuni (erythromycin, 6.0%; azithromycin, 2.4%). C. coli also showed significantly higher resistance than C. jejuni to clindamycin, gentamicin, and kanamycin. In contrast, C. coli isolates had lower resistance to florfenicol than the C. jejuni isolates. The majority of the C. jejuni (88.1%) and C. coli (97.6%) isolates exhibited multidrug resistance (MDR) to three or more classes of antimicrobials. All of the 208 ciprofloxacin-resistant Campylobacter spp. isolates were positive for the C257T mutation of the gyrA gene. In addition, the tet(O) gene was identified in all of the 202 doxycycline-resistant Campylobacter spp. isolates. Furthermore, 75.7% and 20.4% of the 103 azithromycin-resistant Campylobacter spp. isolates were positive for the A2075G mutation of the 23S rRNA gene and the presence of the erm(B) gene, respectively. Moreover, the cat gene was found in 14.3% (8/56) and 76.8% (73/95) of the chloramphenicol-resistant C. jejuni and C. coli isolates, respectively. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report of the prevalence of antimicrobial resistance among Campylobacter spp. isolates originating from LBMs. The high prevalence of MDR Campylobacter spp. isolates in LBMs highlights the need to implement efficient intervention measures to control not only Campylobacter contamination in LBMs but also dissemination of antimicrobial resistance among Campylobacter spp. in poultry production.
authors.affiliation: 1 Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute , Chinese Academy of Agricultural Science, Shanghai, China .
authors.forename: Beibei
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: 2 East China Sea Fisheries Research Institute , Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Shanghai, China .
authors.forename: Licai
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Ma
authors.affiliation: 1 Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute , Chinese Academy of Agricultural Science, Shanghai, China .
authors.forename: Yingli
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: 1 Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute , Chinese Academy of Agricultural Science, Shanghai, China .
authors.forename: Haiyan
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Jia
authors.affiliation: 1 Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute , Chinese Academy of Agricultural Science, Shanghai, China .
authors.forename: Jianchao
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Wei
authors.affiliation: 1 Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute , Chinese Academy of Agricultural Science, Shanghai, China .
authors.forename: Donghua
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Shao
authors.affiliation: 1 Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute , Chinese Academy of Agricultural Science, Shanghai, China .
authors.forename: Ke
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.affiliation: 1 Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute , Chinese Academy of Agricultural Science, Shanghai, China .
authors.forename: Yuanyuan
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Shi
authors.affiliation: 1 Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute , Chinese Academy of Agricultural Science, Shanghai, China .
authors.forename: Yafeng
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Qiu
authors.affiliation: 1 Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute , Chinese Academy of Agricultural Science, Shanghai, China .
authors.forename: Zhiyong
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Ma
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents / Q000494:pharmacology; D001426:Bacterial Proteins / Q000235:genetics*; D017000:Campylobacter coli / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000235:genetics / Q000302:isolation & purification; D016123:Campylobacter jejuni / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000235:genetics / Q000302:isolation & purification; D002352:Carrier Proteins / Q000235:genetics; D002645:Chickens / Q000382:microbiology*; D002681:China; D002939:Ciprofloxacin / Q000494:pharmacology; D002981:Clindamycin / Q000494:pharmacology; D027081:DNA Gyrase / Q000235:genetics; D024901:Drug Resistance, Multiple, Bacterial / Q000235:genetics*; D004917:Erythromycin / Q000494:pharmacology; D005506:Food Contamination / Q000032:analysis / Q000517:prevention & control; D005516:Food Microbiology; D005839:Gentamicins / Q000494:pharmacology; D007612:Kanamycin / Q000494:pharmacology; D008780:Methyltransferases / Q000235:genetics; D008826:Microbial Sensitivity Tests; D011200:Poultry / Q000382:microbiology; D015363:Quinolones / Q000494:pharmacology; D012338:RNA, Ribosomal, 23S / Q000302:isolation & purification; D013754:Tetracyclines / Q000494:pharmacology
chemical_list: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents; D001426:Bacterial Proteins; D002352:Carrier Proteins; D005839:Gentamicins; D015363:Quinolones; D012338:RNA, Ribosomal, 23S; C083139:Tet O resistance protein, Bacteria; D013754:Tetracyclines; D002981:Clindamycin; D007612:Kanamycin; D002939:Ciprofloxacin; D004917:Erythromycin; D008780:Methyltransferases; C431709:ErmA protein, Bacteria; D027081:DNA Gyrase
keywords: Campylobacter; antimicrobial resistance; broilers; live bird markets