title: Molecular epidemiology of hydropericardium syndrome outbreak-associated serotype 4 fowl adenovirus isolates in central China.
abstract: In several parts of China, there have been a large number of hydropericardium syndrome (HPS) outbreaks caused by serotype 4 fowl adenovirus (FAdV-4) in broiler chickens since 2015. These outbreak-associated FAdV-4 strains were distinct from previous circulating strains which did not lead to severe HPS outbreaks. To better understand the molecular epidemiology of the currently circulating FAdV strains for effective diagnosis and treatment of HPS, we isolated 12 HPS outbreak-associated FAdV-4 strains from different regions in central China and investigated their molecular characteristics by performing phylogenetic analyses based on the hexon genes. Our results indicated the FAdV-4 strains in this study all belonged to serotype FAdV-4, species FAdV-C. And in comparison with ON1, KR5, MX-SHP95, PK-01, PJ-06 strains within the cluster where outbreak-associated FAdV-4 strains were located, the nucleotide sequence divergence were 1.31, 1.10, 1.42, 2.77 and 2.84%, respectively. Phylogenetic analyses revealed the hexon genes of the 12 outbreak-associated strains clustered to a relatively independent branch of the tree, and evolved from the same ancestor and we suggested that these outbreak-associated FAdV-4 strains originate from earlier strains in India.
authors.affiliation: College of Life Science, Henan Agricultural University, Wenhua Road No. 95, Zhengzhou, 450002, People's Republic of China.|Key Laboratory of Animal Immunology of the Ministry of Agriculture, Henan Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Immunology, Henan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Huayuan Road No.116, Zhengzhou, 450002, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Teng
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of Animal Immunology of the Ministry of Agriculture, Henan Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Immunology, Henan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Huayuan Road No.116, Zhengzhou, 450002, People's Republic of China.|Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou, 225009, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Qianyue
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Jin
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of Animal Immunology of the Ministry of Agriculture, Henan Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Immunology, Henan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Huayuan Road No.116, Zhengzhou, 450002, People's Republic of China.|College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest Agriculture and Forestry University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, China.
authors.forename: Peiyang
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Ding
authors.affiliation: School of Public Health, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, 453003, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Yinbiao
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of Animal Immunology of the Ministry of Agriculture, Henan Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Immunology, Henan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Huayuan Road No.116, Zhengzhou, 450002, People's Republic of China.|College of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450002, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Yongxiao
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Chai
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of Animal Immunology of the Ministry of Agriculture, Henan Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Immunology, Henan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Huayuan Road No.116, Zhengzhou, 450002, People's Republic of China.|College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest Agriculture and Forestry University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, China.
authors.forename: Yafei
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of Animal Immunology of the Ministry of Agriculture, Henan Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Immunology, Henan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Huayuan Road No.116, Zhengzhou, 450002, People's Republic of China.|College of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450002, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Xiao
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of Animal Immunology of the Ministry of Agriculture, Henan Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Immunology, Henan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Huayuan Road No.116, Zhengzhou, 450002, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Jun
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Luo
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of Animal Immunology of the Ministry of Agriculture, Henan Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Immunology, Henan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Huayuan Road No.116, Zhengzhou, 450002, People's Republic of China. zhanggaiping2003@163.com.|College of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450002, People's Republic of China. zhanggaiping2003@163.com.|Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou, 225009, People's Republic of China. zhanggaiping2003@163.com.
authors.forename: Gaiping
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Zhang
mesh_terms: D000257:Adenoviridae Infections / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000662:veterinary*; D000818:Animals; D000259:Aviadenovirus / Q000145:classification* / Q000235:genetics / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D002681:China / Q000453:epidemiology; D016000:Cluster Analysis; D004279:DNA, Viral / Q000737:chemistry / Q000235:genetics; D004196:Disease Outbreaks; D017720:Molecular Epidemiology; D010802:Phylogeny; D011201:Poultry Diseases / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000821:virology*; D017422:Sequence Analysis, DNA; D065288:Serogroup
chemical_list: D004279:DNA, Viral
keywords: Chicken; Hydropericardium syndrome; Molecular epidemiology; Serotype 4 fowl adenovirus