title: Extensive migration of young neurons into the infant human frontal lobe.
abstract: The first few months after birth, when a child begins to interact with the environment, are critical to human brain development. The human frontal lobe is important for social behavior and executive function; it has increased in size and complexity relative to other species, but the processes that have contributed to this expansion are unknown. Our studies of postmortem infant human brains revealed a collection of neurons that migrate and integrate widely into the frontal lobe during infancy. Chains of young neurons move tangentially close to the walls of the lateral ventricles and along blood vessels. These cells then individually disperse long distances to reach cortical tissue, where they differentiate and contribute to inhibitory circuits. Late-arriving interneurons could contribute to developmental plasticity, and the disruption of their postnatal migration or differentiation may underlie neurodevelopmental disorders.
authors.affiliation: Edythe Broad Institute for Stem Cell Research and Regeneration Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA.|Department of Neurology, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA.
authors.forename: Mercedes F
authors.initials: MF
authors.lastname: Paredes
authors.affiliation: Edythe Broad Institute for Stem Cell Research and Regeneration Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA.|Department of Neurological Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA.
authors.forename: David
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: James
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Comparative Neurobiology, Instituto Cavanilles, Universidad de Valencia, CIBERNED, Valencia, Spain.|Multiple Sclerosis and Neural Regeneration Unit, Department of Neurology, Hospital Universitario y Politecnico La Fe, 46026 Valencia, Spain.
authors.forename: Sara
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Gil-Perotin
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA.
authors.forename: Hosung
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathology, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA.
authors.forename: Jennifer A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Cotter
authors.affiliation: Edythe Broad Institute for Stem Cell Research and Regeneration Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA.|Department of Neurological Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA.
authors.forename: Carissa
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Ng
authors.affiliation: Edythe Broad Institute for Stem Cell Research and Regeneration Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA.|Department of Neurology, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA.
authors.forename: Kadellyn
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Sandoval
authors.affiliation: Edythe Broad Institute for Stem Cell Research and Regeneration Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA.|Department of Pediatrics, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA.|Department of Paediatrics, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, UK.
authors.forename: David H
authors.initials: DH
authors.lastname: Rowitch
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA.
authors.forename: Duan
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Xu
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatrics, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA.
authors.forename: Patrick S
authors.initials: PS
authors.lastname: McQuillen
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Comparative Neurobiology, Instituto Cavanilles, Universidad de Valencia, CIBERNED, Valencia, Spain.
authors.forename: Jose-Manuel
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Garcia-Verdugo
authors.affiliation: Edythe Broad Institute for Stem Cell Research and Regeneration Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA. alvarezbuyllaa@ucsf.edu eric.huang2@ucsf.edu.|Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA.|Department of Pathology, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA.
authors.forename: Eric J
authors.initials: EJ
authors.lastname: Huang
authors.affiliation: Edythe Broad Institute for Stem Cell Research and Regeneration Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA. alvarezbuyllaa@ucsf.edu eric.huang2@ucsf.edu.|Department of Neurological Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA.
authors.forename: Arturo
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Alvarez-Buylla
mesh_terms: D002465:Cell Movement; D000089622:Doublecortin Domain Proteins; D005625:Frontal Lobe / Q000166:cytology / Q000254:growth & development*; D006179:Gyrus Cinguli / Q000166:cytology; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D007395:Interneurons / Q000166:cytology / Q000502:physiology; D020547:Lateral Ventricles / Q000166:cytology / Q000254:growth & development; D008869:Microtubule-Associated Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D055495:Neurogenesis; D009473:Neuronal Plasticity; D009474:Neurons / Q000166:cytology* / Q000502:physiology*; D009479:Neuropeptides / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D000089622:Doublecortin Domain Proteins; D008869:Microtubule-Associated Proteins; D009479:Neuropeptides