title: A Chimera Na+-Pump Rhodopsin as an Effective Optogenetic Silencer.
abstract: With the progress of optogenetics, the activities of genetically identified neurons can be optically silenced to determine whether the neurons in question are necessary for the network performance of the behavioral expression. This logical induction is expected to be improved by the application of the Na+ pump rhodopsins (NaRs), which hyperpolarize the membrane potential with negligible influence on the ionic/pH balance. Here, we made several chimeric NaRs between two NaRs, KR2 and IaNaR from Krokinobacter eikastus and Indibacter alkaliphilus, respectively. We found that one of these chimeras, named I1K6NaR, exhibited some improvements in the membrane targeting and photocurrent properties over native NaRs. The I1K6NaR-expressing cortical neurons were stably silenced by green light irradiation for a certain long duration. With its rapid kinetics and voltage dependency, the photoactivation of I1K6NaR would specifically counteract the generation of action potentials with less hyperpolarization of the neuronal membrane potential than KR2.
authors.affiliation: Department of Developmental Biology and Neuroscience, Tohoku University Graduate School of Life Sciences, Sendai, 980-8577, Japan.
authors.forename: Mohammad Razuanul
authors.initials: MR
authors.lastname: Hoque
authors.affiliation: Department of Developmental Biology and Neuroscience, Tohoku University Graduate School of Life Sciences, Sendai, 980-8577, Japan.
authors.forename: Toru
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Ishizuka
authors.affiliation: Department of Life Science and Applied Chemistry, Nagoya Institute of Technology, Showa-ku, Nagoya, 466-8555, Japan.|OptoBioTechnology Research Center, Nagoya Institute of Technology, Showa-ku, Nagoya, 466-8555, Japan.|PRESTO, Japan Science and Technology Agency, 4-1-8 Honcho, Kawaguchi, Saitama, 332-0012, Japan.|Frontier Research Institute for Material Science, Nagoya Institute of Technology, Showa-ku, Nagoya, 466-8555, Japan.
authors.forename: Keiichi
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Inoue
authors.affiliation: Department of Life Science and Applied Chemistry, Nagoya Institute of Technology, Showa-ku, Nagoya, 466-8555, Japan.
authors.forename: Rei
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Abe-Yoshizumi
authors.affiliation: Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Center for Neuroscience, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, 980-8577, Japan.|Tohoku University Division For Interdisciplinary Advanced Research and Education, Sendai, 980-8578, Japan.
authors.forename: Hiroyuki
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Igarashi
authors.affiliation: Department of Developmental Biology and Neuroscience, Tohoku University Graduate School of Life Sciences, Sendai, 980-8577, Japan.
authors.forename: Takaaki
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Mishima
authors.affiliation: Department of Life Science and Applied Chemistry, Nagoya Institute of Technology, Showa-ku, Nagoya, 466-8555, Japan.|OptoBioTechnology Research Center, Nagoya Institute of Technology, Showa-ku, Nagoya, 466-8555, Japan.
authors.forename: Hideki
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Kandori
authors.affiliation: Department of Developmental Biology and Neuroscience, Tohoku University Graduate School of Life Sciences, Sendai, 980-8577, Japan.|Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Center for Neuroscience, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, 980-8577, Japan.
authors.forename: Hiromu
authors.identifier: http://orcid.org/0000-0002-4299-3288
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Yawo
mesh_terms: D000595:Amino Acid Sequence; D000818:Animals; D001692:Biological Transport; D002460:Cell Line; D003589:Cytophaga / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D055724:Electrophysiological Phenomena; D015870:Gene Expression; D007477:Ions / Q000378:metabolism; D008027:Light; D008564:Membrane Potentials / Q000528:radiation effects; D009474:Neurons / Q000378:metabolism / Q000528:radiation effects; D062308:Optogenetics; D051381:Rats; D012243:Rhodopsin / Q000737:chemistry / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D007477:Ions; D012243:Rhodopsin