title: Role of microglia in fungal infections of the central nervous system.
abstract: Most fungi are capable of disseminating into the central nervous system (CNS) commonly being observed in immunocompromised hosts. Microglia play a critical role in responding to these infections regulating inflammatory processes proficient at controlling CNS colonization by these eukaryotic microorganisms. Nonetheless, it is this inflammatory state that paradoxically yields cerebral mycotic meningoencephalitis and abscess formation. As peripheral macrophages and fungi have been investigated aiding our understanding of peripheral disease, ascertaining the key interactions between fungi and microglia may uncover greater abilities to treat invasive fungal infections of the brain. Here, we present the current knowledge of microglial physiology. Due to the existing literature, we have described to greater extent the opportunistic mycotic interactions with these surveillance cells of the CNS, highlighting the need for greater efforts to study other cerebral fungal infections such as those caused by geographically restricted dimorphic and rare fungi.
authors.affiliation: a Department of Biomedical Sciences , NYIT College of Osteopathic Medicine, New York Institute of Technology , Old Westbury , NY , USA.
authors.forename: George W
authors.initials: GW
authors.lastname: Koutsouras
authors.affiliation: a Department of Biomedical Sciences , NYIT College of Osteopathic Medicine, New York Institute of Technology , Old Westbury , NY , USA.
authors.forename: Raddy L
authors.initials: RL
authors.lastname: Ramos
authors.affiliation: a Department of Biomedical Sciences , NYIT College of Osteopathic Medicine, New York Institute of Technology , Old Westbury , NY , USA.
authors.forename: Luis R
authors.initials: LR
authors.lastname: Martinez
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001812:Blood-Brain Barrier; D001921:Brain / Q000166:cytology / Q000382:microbiology; D002490:Central Nervous System / Q000166:cytology / Q000276:immunology / Q000382:microbiology*; D020314:Central Nervous System Fungal Infections / Q000276:immunology / Q000382:microbiology* / Q000503:physiopathology*; D005658:Fungi / Q000472:pathogenicity; D006801:Humans; D016867:Immunocompromised Host; D007249:Inflammation; D000072742:Invasive Fungal Infections / Q000276:immunology / Q000382:microbiology* / Q000503:physiopathology*; D008264:Macrophages / Q000276:immunology; D051379:Mice; D017628:Microglia / Q000276:immunology / Q000502:physiology* / Q000648:ultrastructure
keywords: CNS; blood brain barrier; fungi; infection; microglia