title: A core function of EDS1 with PAD4 is to protect the salicylic acid defense sector in Arabidopsis immunity.
abstract: Plant defenses induced by salicylic acid (SA) are vital for resistance against biotrophic pathogens. In basal and receptor-triggered immunity, SA accumulation is promoted by Enhanced Disease Susceptibility1 with its co-regulator Phytoalexin Deficient4 (EDS1/PAD4). Current models position EDS1/PAD4 upstream of SA but their functional relationship remains unclear. In a genetic and transcriptomic analysis of Arabidopsis autoimmunity caused by constitutive or conditional EDS1/PAD4 overexpression, intrinsic EDS1/PAD4 signaling properties and their relation to SA were uncovered. A core EDS1/PAD4 pathway works in parallel with SA in basal and effector-triggered bacterial immunity. It protects against disabled SA-regulated gene expression and pathogen resistance, and is distinct from a known SA-compensatory route involving MAPK signaling. Results help to explain previously identified EDS1/PAD4 regulated SA-dependent and SA-independent gene expression sectors. Plants have evolved an alternative route for preserving SA-regulated defenses against pathogen or genetic perturbations. In a proposed signaling framework, EDS1 with PAD4, besides promoting SA biosynthesis, maintains important SA-related resistance programs, thereby increasing robustness of the innate immune system.
authors.affiliation: Department of Plant-Microbe Interactions, Max-Planck Institute for Plant Breeding Research, Carl-von-Linné Weg 10, 50829, Cologne, Germany.
authors.forename: Haitao
authors.identifier: http://orcid.org/0000-0002-6343-1014
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Cui
authors.affiliation: Department of Plant-Microbe Interactions, Max-Planck Institute for Plant Breeding Research, Carl-von-Linné Weg 10, 50829, Cologne, Germany.
authors.forename: Enrico
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Gobbato
authors.affiliation: Department of Plant-Microbe Interactions, Max-Planck Institute for Plant Breeding Research, Carl-von-Linné Weg 10, 50829, Cologne, Germany.
authors.forename: Barbara
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Kracher
authors.affiliation: Department of Plant-Microbe Interactions, Max-Planck Institute for Plant Breeding Research, Carl-von-Linné Weg 10, 50829, Cologne, Germany.
authors.forename: Jingde
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Qiu
authors.affiliation: Department of Plant-Microbe Interactions, Max-Planck Institute for Plant Breeding Research, Carl-von-Linné Weg 10, 50829, Cologne, Germany.
authors.forename: Jaqueline
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Bautor
authors.affiliation: Department of Plant-Microbe Interactions, Max-Planck Institute for Plant Breeding Research, Carl-von-Linné Weg 10, 50829, Cologne, Germany.
authors.forename: Jane E
authors.initials: JE
authors.lastname: Parker
mesh_terms: D017360:Arabidopsis / Q000187:drug effects / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology* / Q000382:microbiology; D029681:Arabidopsis Proteins / Q000378:metabolism*; D015551:Autoimmunity / Q000187:drug effects; D002265:Carboxylic Ester Hydrolases / Q000378:metabolism*; D016923:Cell Death / Q000187:drug effects; D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins / Q000378:metabolism*; D060467:Disease Resistance / Q000187:drug effects; D004958:Estradiol / Q000494:pharmacology; D018506:Gene Expression Regulation, Plant / Q000187:drug effects; D020935:MAP Kinase Signaling System / Q000187:drug effects; D008954:Models, Biological; D010935:Plant Diseases / Q000235:genetics / Q000382:microbiology; D057865:Plant Immunity / Q000187:drug effects; D030821:Plants, Genetically Modified; D020156:Salicylic Acid / Q000378:metabolism*; D014158:Transcription, Genetic / Q000187:drug effects
chemical_list: D029681:Arabidopsis Proteins; D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins; C118837:EDS1 protein, Arabidopsis; D004958:Estradiol; D002265:Carboxylic Ester Hydrolases; C400766:PAD4 protein, Arabidopsis; D020156:Salicylic Acid
keywords: 
  Arabidopsis thaliana
  ; RNA-seq; basal immunity; biotic stress network; effector-triggered immunity (ETI); transcriptional reprogramming