title: Protecting from Envelope Stress: Variations on the Phage-Shock-Protein Theme.
abstract: During envelope stress, critical inner-membrane functions are preserved by the phage-shock-protein (Psp) system, a stress response that emerged from work with Escherichia coli and other Gram-negative bacteria. Reciprocal regulatory interactions and multiple effector functions are well documented in these organisms. Searches for the Psp system across phyla reveal conservation of only one protein, PspA. However, examination of Firmicutes and Actinobacteria reveals that PspA orthologs associate with non-orthologous regulatory and effector proteins retaining functions similar to those in Gram-negative counterparts. Conservation across phyla emphasizes the long-standing importance of the Psp system in prokaryotes, while inter- and intra-phyla variations within the system indicate adaptation to different cell envelope structures, bacterial lifestyles, and/or bacterial morphogenetic strategies.
authors.affiliation: Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Padova, 35121 Padova, Italy.
authors.forename: Riccardo
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Manganelli
authors.affiliation: Public Health Research Institute, New Jersey Medical School, Rutgers University, Newark, New Jersey 07103, USA. Electronic address: marila.gennaro@rutgers.edu.
authors.forename: Maria Laura
authors.initials: ML
authors.lastname: Gennaro
mesh_terms: D039903:Actinobacteria / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000821:virology; D001412:Bacillus subtilis / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000821:virology; D001426:Bacterial Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D001435:Bacteriophages / Q000472:pathogenicity; D002462:Cell Membrane / Q000378:metabolism*; D002473:Cell Wall / Q000378:metabolism; D004926:Escherichia coli / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000821:virology; D000068536:Bacillota / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000821:virology; D006360:Heat-Shock Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D009169:Mycobacterium tuberculosis / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000821:virology
chemical_list: D001426:Bacterial Proteins; D006360:Heat-Shock Proteins; C069816:phage shock protein, Bacteria
keywords: Actinobacteria; ClgR; Firmicutes; Lia; PspA; envelope stress response; morphogenesis