title: Surgical Management and Treatment of the Anterior Cruciate Ligament-Deficient Knee with Malalignment.
abstract: Varus malalignment and an increased tibial slope can result in instability in an anterior cruciate ligament (ACL)-deficient knee. Malalignment can also be a cause of recurrent instability following ACL reconstruction. Varus malalignment can contribute to loosening or failure of primary ACL reconstruction and contribute to progressive medial compartment arthritis. High tibial osteotomies performed in conjunction with ACL reconstruction can improve alignment, restore anterior knee stability, and help reduce the advancement of arthritis.
authors.affiliation: Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Duke University Medical Center, Duke University, Box 3000, Durham, NC 27710, USA. Electronic address: matthew.crawford@duke.edu.
authors.forename: Matthew D
authors.initials: MD
authors.lastname: Crawford
authors.affiliation: Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Duke University Medical Center, Duke University, Box 3000, Durham, NC 27710, USA.
authors.forename: Lee H
authors.initials: LH
authors.lastname: Diehl
authors.affiliation: Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Duke University Medical Center, Duke University, Box 3000, Durham, NC 27710, USA.
authors.forename: Annunziato
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Amendola
mesh_terms: D000070598:Anterior Cruciate Ligament Injuries / Q000150:complications / Q000601:surgery*; D059549:Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000379:methods*; D001182:Arthroscopy / Q000379:methods; D001265:Athletic Injuries / Q000601:surgery; D017760:Bone Malalignment / Q000150:complications / Q000601:surgery*; D000075202:Contraindications; D006801:Humans; D007593:Joint Instability / Q000209:etiology / Q000601:surgery; D020370:Osteoarthritis, Knee / Q000209:etiology; D010027:Osteotomy / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000379:methods*; D056888:Patient Positioning; D011182:Postoperative Care; D011183:Postoperative Complications
keywords: ACL deficiency; HTO; Tibial slope; Varus malalignment