title: Lipopolysaccharide reduces food passage rate from the crop by a prostaglandin-independent mechanism in chickens.
abstract: 1. We examined the effect of lipopolysaccharide (LPS), a component of Gram-negative bacteria, on food passage in the digestive tract of chickens (Gallus gallus) in order to clarify whether bacterial infection affects food passage in birds. 2. Food passage in the crop was significantly reduced by intraperitoneal (IP) injection of LPS while it did not affect the number of defecations, suggesting that LPS may affect food passage only in the upper digestive tract. 3. Similar to LPS, prostaglandin E2 (PGE2), one of the mediators of LPS, also reduced crop-emptying rate in chickens while it had no effect on the number of defecations. 4. Pretreatment with indomethacin, which is an inhibitor of cyclooxygenase (COX), a prostaglandin synthase, had no effect on LPS-induced inhibition of crop emptying. 5. IP injection of LPS did not affect the mRNA expression of COX2 in the upper digestive tract of chickens. 6. It is therefore likely that LPS and PGE2 reduced food passage rate in the crop by a prostaglandin-independent pathway in chickens.
authors.affiliation: a Department of Agrobiological Science, Faculty of Agriculture , Ehime University , Matsuyama , Japan.
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Tachibana
authors.affiliation: a Department of Agrobiological Science, Faculty of Agriculture , Ehime University , Matsuyama , Japan.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Ogino
authors.affiliation: a Department of Agrobiological Science, Faculty of Agriculture , Ehime University , Matsuyama , Japan.
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Makino
authors.affiliation: b Department of Anatomy and Embryology , Ehime University Graduate School of Medicine , Toon , Japan.
authors.forename: M S I
authors.initials: MS
authors.lastname: Khan
authors.affiliation: c Department of Animal and Poultry Sciences , Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University , Blacksburg , VA , USA.
authors.forename: M A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Cline
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002645:Chickens / Q000378:metabolism*; D003426:Crop, Avian / Q000378:metabolism*; D051546:Cyclooxygenase 2 / Q000235:genetics; D016861:Cyclooxygenase Inhibitors / Q000494:pharmacology; D004063:Digestion / Q000187:drug effects*; D015232:Dinoprostone / Q000494:pharmacology; D005502:Food; D015870:Gene Expression / Q000187:drug effects; D007213:Indomethacin / Q000494:pharmacology; D008070:Lipopolysaccharides / Q000494:pharmacology*; D010537:Peritoneum / Q000187:drug effects; D011453:Prostaglandins / Q000502:physiology*; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000032:analysis
chemical_list: D016861:Cyclooxygenase Inhibitors; D008070:Lipopolysaccharides; D011453:Prostaglandins; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D051546:Cyclooxygenase 2; D015232:Dinoprostone; D007213:Indomethacin
keywords: Chick; crop-emptying rate; faeces; lipopolysaccharide; prostaglandin E2