title: Tropane and Granatane Alkaloid Biosynthesis: A Systematic Analysis.
abstract: The tropane and granatane alkaloids belong to the larger pyrroline and piperidine classes of plant alkaloids, respectively. Their core structures share common moieties and their scattered distribution among angiosperms suggest that their biosynthesis may share common ancestry in some orders, while they may be independently derived in others. Tropane and granatane alkaloid diversity arises from the myriad modifications occurring to their core ring structures. Throughout much of human history, humans have cultivated tropane- and granatane-producing plants for their medicinal properties. This manuscript will discuss the diversity of their biological and ecological roles as well as what is known about the structural genes and enzymes responsible for their biosynthesis. In addition, modern approaches to producing some pharmaceutically important tropanes via metabolic engineering endeavors are discussed.
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX 79409-1061, USA. neill.kim@ttu.edu.
authors.forename: Neill
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX 79409-1061, USA. olga.peregrino@ttu.edu.
authors.forename: Olga
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Estrada
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX 79409-1061, USA. benjamin.chavez@ttu.edu.
authors.forename: Benjamin
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Chavez
authors.affiliation: Office of Biotechnology, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011-1079, USA. cstewart@iastate.edu.
authors.forename: Charles
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Stewart
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX 79409-1061, USA. john.c.dauria@ttu.edu.
authors.forename: John C
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: D'Auria
mesh_terms: D000470:Alkaloids / Q000096:biosynthesis* / Q000737:chemistry; D053898:Biosynthetic Pathways; D060847:Metabolic Engineering; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000737:chemistry; D064210:Secondary Metabolism; D014326:Tropanes / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D000470:Alkaloids; D010936:Plant Extracts; D014326:Tropanes
keywords: granatane alkaloids; metabolic engineering; secondary metabolism; tropane alkaloids