title: Periodontal tissue engineering by nano beta-tricalcium phosphate scaffold and fibroblast growth factor-2 in one-wall infrabony defects of dogs.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Nanoparticle bioceramics are being investigated for biomedical applications. We fabricated a regenerative scaffold comprising type I collagen and beta-tricalcium phosphate (β-TCP) nanoparticles. Fibroblast growth factor-2 (FGF-2) is a bioeffective signaling molecule that stimulates cell proliferation and wound healing. This study examined the effects, on bioactivity, of a nano-β-TCP/collagen scaffold loaded with FGF-2, particularly on periodontal tissue wound healing.
  
  
  METHODS
  Beta-tricalcium phosphate was pulverized into nanosize particles (84 nm) and was then dispersed. A nano-β-TCP scaffold was prepared by coating the surface of a collagen scaffold with a nanosize β-TCP dispersion. Scaffolds were characterized using scanning electron microscopy, compressive testing, cell seeding and rat subcutaneous implant testing. Then, nano-β-TCP scaffold, nano-β-TCP scaffold loaded with FGF-2 and noncoated collagen scaffold were implanted into a dog one-wall infrabony defect model. Histological observations were made at 10 d and 4 wk postsurgery.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Scanning electron microscopy images show that TCP nanoparticles were attached to collagen fibers. The nano-β-TCP scaffold showed higher compressive strength and cytocompatibility compared with the noncoated collagen scaffold. Rat subcutaneous implant tests showed that the DNA contents of infiltrating cells in the nano-β-TCP scaffold and the FGF-2-loaded scaffold were approximately 2.8-fold and 3.7-fold greater, respectively, than in the collagen scaffold. Histological samples from the periodontal defect model showed about five-fold greater periodontal tissue repair following implantation of the nano-β-TCP scaffold loaded with FGF-2 compared with the collagen scaffold.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The β-TCP nanoparticle coating strongly improved the collagen scaffold bioactivity. Nano-β-TCP scaffolds containing FGF-2 are anticipated for use in periodontal tissue engineering.
authors.affiliation: Department of Periodontology and Endodontology, Hokkaido University Graduate School of Dental Medicine, Sapporo, Japan.
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Ogawa
authors.affiliation: Department of Periodontology and Endodontology, Hokkaido University Graduate School of Dental Medicine, Sapporo, Japan.
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Miyaji
authors.affiliation: Department of Periodontology and Endodontology, Hokkaido University Graduate School of Dental Medicine, Sapporo, Japan.
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Kato
authors.affiliation: Department of Periodontology and Endodontology, Hokkaido University Graduate School of Dental Medicine, Sapporo, Japan.
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Kosen
authors.affiliation: Department of Periodontology and Endodontology, Hokkaido University Graduate School of Dental Medicine, Sapporo, Japan.
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Momose
authors.affiliation: Department of Periodontology and Endodontology, Hokkaido University Graduate School of Dental Medicine, Sapporo, Japan.
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Yoshida
authors.affiliation: Department of Periodontology and Endodontology, Hokkaido University Graduate School of Dental Medicine, Sapporo, Japan.
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Nishida
authors.affiliation: Department of Periodontology and Endodontology, Hokkaido University Graduate School of Dental Medicine, Sapporo, Japan.
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Miyata
authors.affiliation: Department of Periodontology and Endodontology, Hokkaido University Graduate School of Dental Medicine, Sapporo, Japan.
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Murakami
authors.affiliation: Support Section for Education and Research, Hokkaido University Graduate School of Dental Medicine, Sapporo, Japan.
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Takita
authors.affiliation: Nano-Agri Lab, Policy Alternatives Research Institute, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan.
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Fugetsu
authors.affiliation: Department of Periodontology and Endodontology, Hokkaido University Graduate School of Dental Medicine, Sapporo, Japan.
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Sugaya
authors.affiliation: Department of Periodontology and Endodontology, Hokkaido University Graduate School of Dental Medicine, Sapporo, Japan.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kawanami
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001672:Biocompatible Materials / Q000627:therapeutic use; D002130:Calcium Phosphates / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D024042:Collagen Type I / Q000627:therapeutic use; D004285:Dogs; D005260:Female; D016222:Fibroblast Growth Factor 2 / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D008297:Male; D008855:Microscopy, Electron, Scanning; D053758:Nanoparticles / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D010519:Periodontium / Q000254:growth & development* / Q000648:ultrastructure; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D023822:Tissue Engineering / Q000379:methods*; D054457:Tissue Scaffolds; D014945:Wound Healing
chemical_list: D001672:Biocompatible Materials; D002130:Calcium Phosphates; D024042:Collagen Type I; C485817:beta-tricalcium phosphate; D016222:Fibroblast Growth Factor 2
keywords: biomaterial; fibroblast growth factor-2 (FGF-2); nanoparticle; periodontal tissue engineering; β-tricalcium phosphate (β-TCP)