title: Dental Health Status and Hygiene in Children and Adolescents with Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  There is disagreement on the effect of diabetes on oral hygiene. The purpose of this study was to assess the oral health and hygiene status of type 1 diabetic patient.
  
  
  METHODS
  In this case control study, periodontal health and hygiene of 80 children and adolescents (5-18 yr of age) with type 1 diabetes mellitus referred to Pediatric Endocrine Clinic of Besat Hospital Hamadan Iran 2013 - 2014 and 80 non diabetic control subjects were clinically assessed. The required data such as sex, age, duration of the diabetes, type and number of insulin injections per day were obtained from self-administered questionnaire and the patient's medical records. Participants in both groups were examined for Decay-missing- filled teeth (DMFT); dmft (for primary teeth), oral hygiene using O'Leary plaque index (PI) and gingivitis index (GI). P<0.05 was considered significant.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The mean age of the study and the control group was 12.5±4.05 and 12.08±3.47 yr, respectively. There were no significant difference between two groups in terms of DMFT (P=0.158) and PI indices (P=0.373). The GI index difference was statistically significant in diabetic group (P=0.001). Interestingly, a higher dmft index was observed in the control group (P=0.008). In diabetic groups, GI and DMFT index increased significantly with duration of diabetes.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Apart from higher scores of GI index, frequency of oral and periodontal disease was not different in diabetic patients compared with healthy subjects. Findings of present study are insufficient to support a significant effect of diabetes on increasing the risk of oral and periodontal diseases. However, diabetic children and adolescents should receive oral hygiene instruction.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatric Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Hamadan university of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran.
authors.forename: Rezvan
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Rafatjou
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran.
authors.forename: Zahra
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Razavi
authors.affiliation: Modeling of Non-communicable Disease Research Center, Department of Biostatistics, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran.
authors.forename: Soudeh
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Tayebi
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatric Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Hamadan university of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran.
authors.forename: Maryam
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Khalili
authors.affiliation: Modeling of Non-communicable Disease Research Center, Department of Biostatistics, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran.
authors.forename: Maryam
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Farhadian
mesh_terms: D016022:Case-Control Studies; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D003731:Dental Caries / Q000150:complications* / Q000453:epidemiology; D003774:Dental Plaque Index; D003922:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1 / Q000150:complications*; D005260:Female; D005891:Gingivitis / Q000150:complications* / Q000453:epidemiology; D006304:Health Status; D006801:Humans; D007492:Iran / Q000453:epidemiology; D008297:Male; D009909:Oral Health; D009910:Oral Hygiene; D010510:Periodontal Diseases / Q000150:complications / Q000453:epidemiology; D015995:Prevalence
keywords: Child Health; Hemoglobin A1c Protein; Oral Hygiene; Periodontal Disease; Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus