title: Home-based isometric exercise training induced reductions resting blood pressure.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Isometric exercise training (IET) reduces resting blood pressure (BP). Most previous protocols impose exercise barriers which undermine its effectiveness as a potential physical therapy for altering BP. An inexpensive, home-based programme would promote IET as a valuable tool in the fight against hypertension. The aims of this study were: (a) to investigate whether home-based wall squat training could successfully reduce resting BP and (b) to explore the physiological variables that might mediate a change in resting BP.
  
  
  METHODS
  Twenty-eight healthy normotensive males were randomly assigned to a control and a 4 week home-based IET intervention using a crossover design with a 4 week 'washout' period in-between. Wall squat training was completed 3 × weekly over 4 weeks with 48 h between sessions. Each session comprised 4 × 2 min bouts of wall squat exercise performed at a participant-specific knee joint angle relative to a target HR of 95% HRpeak, with 2 min rest between bouts. Resting heart rate, BP, cardiac output, total peripheral resistance, and stroke volume were taken at baseline and post each condition.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Resting BP (systolic -4 ± 5, diastolic -3 ± 3 and mean arterial -3 ± 3 mmHg), cardiac output (-0.54 ± 0.66 L min-1) and heart rate (-5 ± 7 beats min-1) were all reduced following IET, with no change in total peripheral resistance or stroke volume compared to the control.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These findings suggest that the wall squat provides an effective method for reducing resting BP in the home resulting primarily from a reduction in resting heart rate.
authors.affiliation: Section of Sport and Exercise Sciences, School of Human and Life Sciences, Canterbury Christ Church University, North Holmes Road, Canterbury, CT1 1QU, UK. jim.wiles@canterbury.ac.uk.
authors.forename: Jonathan D
authors.initials: JD
authors.lastname: Wiles
authors.affiliation: Section of Sport and Exercise Sciences, School of Human and Life Sciences, Canterbury Christ Church University, North Holmes Road, Canterbury, CT1 1QU, UK.
authors.forename: Natalie
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Goldring
authors.affiliation: Section of Sport and Exercise Sciences, School of Human and Life Sciences, Canterbury Christ Church University, North Holmes Road, Canterbury, CT1 1QU, UK.
authors.forename: Damian
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Coleman
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001794:Blood Pressure; D015444:Exercise; D005081:Exercise Therapy / Q000379:methods*; D006339:Heart Rate; D006801:Humans; D006973:Hypertension / Q000517:prevention & control*; D008297:Male
keywords: Normotensive; Physiological mechanisms; Randomised controlled trial; Static exercise; Wall squat