title: Fluid-structure interaction modeling of aortic valve stenosis at different heart rates.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  This paper proposes a model to measure the cardiac output and stroke volume at different aortic stenosis severities using a fluid-structure interaction (FSI) simulation at rest and during exercise.
  
  
  METHODS
  The geometry of the aortic valve is generated using echocardiographic imaging. An Arbitrary Lagrangian-Eulerian mesh was generated in order to perform the FSI simulations. Pressure loads on ventricular and aortic sides were applied as boundary conditions.
  
  
  RESULTS
  FSI modeling results for the increment rate of cardiac output and stroke volume to heart rate, were about 58.6% and -14%, respectively, at each different stenosis severity. The mean gradient of curves of cardiac output and stroke volume to stenosis severity were reduced by 57% and 48%, respectively, when stenosis severity varied from healthy to critical stenosis.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Results of this paper confirm the promising potential of computational modeling capabilities for clinical diagnosis and measurements to predict stenosed aortic valve parameters including cardiac output and stroke volume at different heart rates.
authors.affiliation: Department of Mechanical Engineering, Tennessee Technological University, Cookeville, USA.
authors.forename: Hamidreza Ghasemi
authors.initials: HG
authors.lastname: Bahraseman
authors.affiliation: Department of Mechanical Engineering, Tennessee Technological University, Cookeville, USA.
authors.forename: Ehsan Mohseni
authors.initials: EM
authors.lastname: Languri
authors.affiliation: Johns Hopkins Hospital, Baltimore, USA.
authors.forename: Niloofar
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Yahyapourjalaly
authors.affiliation: School of Mechanical Engineering, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, England, UK.
authors.forename: Daniel M
authors.initials: DM
authors.lastname: Espino
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001021:Aortic Valve / Q000503:physiopathology; D001024:Aortic Valve Stenosis / Q000503:physiopathology*; D001696:Biomechanical Phenomena; D001794:Blood Pressure / Q000502:physiology; D003198:Computer Simulation; D003971:Diastole / Q000502:physiology; D006339:Heart Rate / Q000502:physiology*; D018056:Hemorheology / Q000502:physiology*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008955:Models, Cardiovascular; D013318:Stroke Volume / Q000502:physiology; D013599:Systole / Q000502:physiology