title: Anticancer therapy-induced vascular toxicity: VEGF inhibition and beyond.
abstract: Cardiotoxicity induced by chemotherapeutic agents and radiotherapy is a growing problem. In recent years, an increasing number of new drugs with targeted action have been designed. These molecules, such as monoclonal antibodies and tyrosine kinase inhibitors, can cause different type of toxicities compared to traditional chemotherapy. However, they can also cause cardiac complications such as heart failure, arterial hypertension, QT interval prolongation and arrhythmias. Currently, a field of intense research is the vascular toxicity induced by new biologic drugs, particularly those which inhibit vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and its receptor (VEGF-R) and other tyrosine kinases. In this review, we aim at focusing on the problem of vascular toxicity induced by new targeted therapies, chemotherapy and radiotherapy, and describe the main mechanisms and emphasizing the importance of early diagnosis of vascular damage, in order to prevent clinical complications.
authors.affiliation: Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine and Specialties, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy.
authors.forename: Daniela
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Di Lisi
authors.affiliation: Center of Excellence on Aging, Institute of Cardiology, "G. d'Annunzio" University - Chieti, Chieti, Italy; Texas Heart Institute and University of Texas Medical School in Houston, Cardiology Division, Houston, TX, USA. Electronic address: rmadonna@unich.it.
authors.forename: Rosalinda
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Madonna
authors.affiliation: Cardiology Unit, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Messina, Messina, Italy.
authors.forename: Concetta
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Zito
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgical, Oncological and Stomatological Sciences, Section of Medical Oncology, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy.
authors.forename: Enrico
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Bronte
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgical, Oncological and Stomatological Sciences, Section of Medical Oncology, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy.
authors.forename: Giuseppe
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Badalamenti
authors.affiliation: Department of Translational Medical Sciences, Division of Internal Medicine, Federico II University, Naples, Italy.
authors.forename: Paolo
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Parrella
authors.affiliation: Department of General Surgery and Medical-Surgery Specialties, University of Catania, Catania, Italy.
authors.forename: Ines
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Monte
authors.affiliation: Department of Translational Medical Sciences, Division of Internal Medicine, Federico II University, Naples, Italy.
authors.forename: Carlo Gabriele
authors.initials: CG
authors.lastname: Tocchetti
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgical, Oncological and Stomatological Sciences, Section of Medical Oncology, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy.
authors.forename: Antonio
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Russo
authors.affiliation: Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine and Specialties, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy.
authors.forename: Giuseppina
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Novo
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000970:Antineoplastic Agents / Q000009:adverse effects*; D066126:Cardiotoxicity; D004730:Endothelium, Vascular / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism / Q000528:radiation effects; D006331:Heart Diseases / Q000097:blood / Q000139:chemically induced* / Q000175:diagnosis*; D006801:Humans; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species / Q000097:blood; D040262:Receptors, Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000097:blood; D042461:Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors* / Q000097:blood
chemical_list: D000970:Antineoplastic Agents; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species; C467484:VEGFA protein, human; D042461:Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A; D040262:Receptors, Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor
keywords: Cardio-oncology; Cardiotoxicity; Chemotherapy; New target therapy; Radiotherapy; VEGF; Vascular toxicity