title: Evaluation of the Effects of Lime-bassanite-charcoal Amendment on the Immobilization of Cadmium in Contaminated Soil.
abstract: The effects of amendments, such as lime, bassanite, sodium phosphate, steel slag and charcoal, and their compounds on the immobilization of cadmium (Cd) are investigated. The lime-bassanite-charcoal compound shows the best remediation performance compared to other agents in conducted experiments. The optimum condition for lime-bassanite-charcoal application in contaminated soil is lime-bassanite-charcoal with a mass ratio of 1:1/3:2/3, a dose of 2% of the soil weight, and a liquid-to-solid ratio of 35%-40%; additionally, the agents should be added before water addition. The highest Cd removal rate was 58.94% (±1.19%) with a ∆pH of 0.23, which is much higher than the rates reported in previous studies. The compound amendment was used in a field experiment, demonstrating a Cd removal efficiency of 48.78% (±4.23), further confirming its effectiveness.
authors.affiliation: Hunan Research Institute of Nonferrous Metals, Changsha, 410100, China.
authors.forename: Shunhong
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Huang
authors.affiliation: College of Resources and Environment, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China.
authors.forename: Yi
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.affiliation: Hunan Research Institute of Nonferrous Metals, Changsha, 410100, China.
authors.forename: Qian
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: Hunan Research Institute of Nonferrous Metals, Changsha, 410100, China. suzhen888@yahoo.com.
authors.forename: Zhen
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Su
authors.affiliation: Hunan Research Institute of Nonferrous Metals, Changsha, 410100, China.
authors.forename: Cuiyu
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Yuan
authors.affiliation: Hunan Research Institute of Nonferrous Metals, Changsha, 410100, China.
authors.forename: Kun
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Ouyang
mesh_terms: D002104:Cadmium / Q000032:analysis*; D017610:Calcium Compounds / Q000494:pharmacology*; D002133:Calcium Sulfate / Q000494:pharmacology*; D002606:Charcoal / Q000494:pharmacology*; D052918:Environmental Restoration and Remediation / Q000379:methods*; D010087:Oxides / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology*; D010710:Phosphates; D012987:Soil / Q000737:chemistry*; D012989:Soil Pollutants / Q000032:analysis; D013232:Steel / Q000494:pharmacology
chemical_list: D017610:Calcium Compounds; D010087:Oxides; D010710:Phosphates; D012987:Soil; D012989:Soil Pollutants; D002104:Cadmium; D013232:Steel; D002606:Charcoal; C016538:lime; C018279:sodium phosphate; D002133:Calcium Sulfate
keywords: Bassanite; Cadmium; Charcoal; Contaminated soil; Lime