title: Metastatic human epidermal growth factor receptor 2-positive breast cancer: Management, challenges, and future directions.
abstract: HER2 is over-expressed or amplified in 15-20% of breast cancer. Significant progress has been made in the treatment of metastatic HER2+ breast cancer. This is largely due to successful targeting of the HER2 pathway. There are several approved agents in the metastatic setting. However, treatment resistance frequently develops and tumors eventually progress. In recent years, our understanding of mechanisms of resistance has evolved. It is generally accepted now that HER2-positive breast cancer is not one disease. New therapeutic strategies and a tailored approach to management are necessary to maximize patient outcomes and minimize toxicity.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine, Lester and Sue Smith Breast Center, and Dan L Duncan Comprehensive Cancer Center at Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas 77030. Electronic address: mohsinsoleja@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Mohsin
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Soleja
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine, Lester and Sue Smith Breast Center, and Dan L Duncan Comprehensive Cancer Center at Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas 77030.
authors.forename: Mothaffar F
authors.initials: MF
authors.lastname: Rimawi
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000970:Antineoplastic Agents / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D001943:Breast Neoplasms / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000378:metabolism; D019008:Drug Resistance, Neoplasm; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D009362:Neoplasm Metastasis; D018719:Erb-b2 Receptor Tyrosine Kinases / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D000970:Antineoplastic Agents; D018719:Erb-b2 Receptor Tyrosine Kinases
keywords: HER2; Lapatinib; Management; Metastatic breast cancer; Novel therapy; Pertuzumab; Resistance; T-DM1; Trastuzumab