title: Sex-related influences in migraine.
abstract: Migraine is a common neurological disorder with significantly higher incidence and prevalence in women than men. The presentation of the disease in women is modulated by changes in sex hormones from adolescence to pregnancy and menopause. Yet, the effect of sex influences has often been neglected in both basic and clinical and in clinical management of the disease. In this review, evidence from epidemiological, clinical, animal, and neuroimaging studies on the significance of the sex-related influences in migraine is presented, and the unmet needs in each area are discussed. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York.|Montefiore Headache Center, Bronx, New York.
authors.forename: Jelena M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Pavlovic
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology and Neuropsychiatry Centre, Gazi University School of Medicine, Ankara, Turkey.
authors.forename: Didem
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Akcali
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology and Neuropsychiatry Centre, Gazi University School of Medicine, Ankara, Turkey.
authors.forename: Hayrunnisa
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Bolay
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts.
authors.forename: Carolyn
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Bernstein
authors.affiliation: Psychiatric Neuroimaging, Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, Massachusetts.
authors.forename: Nasim
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Maleki
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D006801:Humans; D008881:Migraine Disorders / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000628:therapy; D012727:Sex Characteristics
keywords: cortical spreading depression; estrogen; hormones; menopause; menstrual migraine; neuroimaging; trigeminal pathway