title: Attenuation of nicotine taking and seeking in rats by the stoichiometry-selective alpha4beta2 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor positive allosteric modulator NS9283.
abstract: The rewarding and reinforcing effects of nicotine are produced, in large part, by activation of neuronal α4β2* nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChRs), pentameric protein complexes comprised of different stoichiometries of α4 and β2 subunits. However, little is known about the functional role of distinct subtypes of α4β2* nAChRs in nicotine addiction.
  
  
  
  NS9283 represents a new class of stoichiometry-selective positive allosteric modulators (PAMs) that selectively bind to α4β2 nAChRs containing three α4 and two β2 subunits (3(α4)2(β2) nAChRs). The present experiments were designed to determine the effects of NS9283 on nicotine self-administration and the reinstatement of nicotine-seeking behavior, an animal model of smoking relapse. Parallel studies of sucrose self-administration and reinstatement were conducted in separate cohorts of rats to determine if the effects of NS9283 generalized to other reinforced behaviors.
  
  
  
  Acute and repeated administration of NS9283 dose-dependently reduced nicotine self-administration and reinstatement in male Sprague Dawley rats. These effects were reinforcer specific as no effects of NS9283 on sucrose self-administration and reinstatement were noted. NS9283 also failed to substitute for nicotine in supporting self-administration behavior suggesting that, at the doses tested, NS9283 alone is not reinforcing.
  
  
  
  Taken together, these results provide compelling evidence that stoichiometry-selective PAMs of 3(α4)2(β2) nAChRs attenuate nicotine taking and seeking in rats and suggest that targeting 3(α4)2(β2) nAChRs may represent a promising therapeutic strategy for preventing smoking relapse.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biobehavioral Health Sciences, School of Nursing, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA.|Center for Neurobiology and Behavior, Department of Psychiatry, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, 125 South 31 Street, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA.
authors.forename: John J
authors.initials: JJ
authors.lastname: Maurer
authors.affiliation: Saniona, Baltorpvej 154, 2750, Ballerup, Denmark.
authors.forename: Karin
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Sandager-Nielsen
authors.affiliation: Department of Biobehavioral Health Sciences, School of Nursing, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA. hschmidt@nursing.upenn.edu.|Center for Neurobiology and Behavior, Department of Psychiatry, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, 125 South 31 Street, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA. hschmidt@nursing.upenn.edu.
authors.forename: Heath D
authors.initials: HD
authors.lastname: Schmidt
mesh_terms: D000494:Allosteric Regulation; D000818:Animals; D001522:Behavior, Animal / Q000187:drug effects*; D058999:Drug-Seeking Behavior / Q000187:drug effects*; D008297:Male; D009538:Nicotine / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D018722:Nicotinic Agonists / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D010069:Oxadiazoles / Q000494:pharmacology*; D011725:Pyridines / Q000494:pharmacology*; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D011978:Receptors, Nicotinic / Q000187:drug effects*; D012201:Reward; D012646:Self Administration
chemical_list: C561896:3-(3-(pyridine-3-yl)-1,2,4-oxadiazol-5-yl)benzonitrile; D018722:Nicotinic Agonists; D010069:Oxadiazoles; D011725:Pyridines; D011978:Receptors, Nicotinic; C403531:nicotinic receptor alpha4beta2; D009538:Nicotine
keywords: E-cigarette; Nicotine addiction; Positive allosteric modulator; Reinstatement; Relapse; Self-administration; Smoking