title: Effects of epinephrine on angiogenesis-related gene expressions in cultured rat cardiomyocytes.
abstract: Epinephrine is often used for the treatment of patients with heart failure, low cardiac output and cardiac arrest. It can acutely improve hemodynamic parameters; however, it does not seem to improve longer term clinical outcomes. Therefore, we hypothesized that epinephrine may induce unfavorable changes in gene expression of cardiomyocyte. Thus, we investigated effects of epinephrine exposure on the mediation or modulation of gene expression of cultured cardiomyocytes at a genome-wide scale. Our investigation revealed that exposure of cardiomyocytes to epinephrine in anin vitroenvironment can up-regulate the expression of angiopoietin-2 gene (+2.1 times), and down-regulate the gene expression of neuregulin 1 (-3.7 times), plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (-2.4 times) and SPARC-related modular calcium-binding protein-2 (-4.5 times). These changes suggest that epinephrine exposure may induce inhibition of angiogenesis-related gene expressions in cultured rat cardiomyocytes. The precise clinical significance of these changes in gene expression, which was induced by epinephrine exposure, warrants further experimental and clinical investigations.
authors.affiliation: Department of Anesthesiology & Perioperative Medicine, Drexel University College of Medicine, Hahnemann University Hospital, Philadelphia, PA 19102, USA; henryliupa@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Henry
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.affiliation: Department of Anesthesiology & Perioperative Medicine, Drexel University College of Medicine, Hahnemann University Hospital, Philadelphia, PA 19102, USA.
authors.forename: Lisa
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Sangkum
authors.affiliation: Department of Anesthesiology & Perioperative Medicine, Drexel University College of Medicine, Hahnemann University Hospital, Philadelphia, PA 19102, USA.
authors.forename: Geoffrey
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.affiliation: Department of Anesthesiology & Perioperative Medicine, Drexel University College of Medicine, Hahnemann University Hospital, Philadelphia, PA 19102, USA.
authors.forename: Michael
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Green
authors.affiliation: Division of Genomic Diagnostics, Dept. of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Perelman School of Medicine University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA.
authors.forename: Marilyn
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: Department of Anesthesiology, LSUHSC-New Orleans, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA.
authors.forename: Alan
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Kaye
keywords: SPARC-related modular calcium-binding protein; angiogenesis; angiopoietin-2; cardiomyocytes; epinephrine; gene expression; neuregulin 1; plasminogen activator inhibitor-1