title: Embolization of Congenital Renal Arteriovenous Malformations Using Ethanol and Coil Depending on Angiographic Types.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate effectiveness and safety of embolization of congenital renal arteriovenous malformations (AVMs) using ethanol and/or coil according to angiographic type.
  
  
  METHODS
  Between August 2010 and October 2015, 11 patients (13 sessions; 10 women and 1 man; mean age, 50.8 y) with congenital renal AVMs were treated using ethanol and/or coils via 2 approaches (transarterial access or direct puncture). Demographics, clinical findings, diagnostic modalities, angiographic types, technical and clinical success rates, and complications were reviewed. Renal AVMs were classified into 3 angiographic types, and treatment was based on this classification.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Technical success rate was 91% (10/11), and clinical success rate was 100% (11/11). Of patients, 7 had type III AVMs, 3 had type I AVMs, and 1 had type II AVM. Embolic agents were ethanol in 5 patients, coils with ethanol in 3 patients, and coils in 3 patients. Of the 8 patients treated with ethanol, 6 had infarcted renal areas of 3.5%-30% (mean, 14.6%). After a mean follow-up period of 16.3 months, there was no evidence of recurrent AVMs on imaging or laboratory studies.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Embolization of congenital renal AVMs via transarterial or direct percutaneous approaches using ethanol and/or coils based on a simple angiographic classification was safe and effective and elicited good outcomes. Most of the patients with congenital renal AVMs were women.
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, Konkuk University Medical Center, Konkuk University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.
authors.forename: Jin Ho
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Hwang
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, Samsung Medical Center, 50 Irwon-Dong, Gangnam Gu, Seoul 135-710, Korea. Electronic address: ysdo@skku.edu.
authors.forename: Young Soo
authors.initials: YS
authors.lastname: Do
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, Samsung Medical Center, 50 Irwon-Dong, Gangnam Gu, Seoul 135-710, Korea.
authors.forename: Kwang Bo
authors.initials: KB
authors.lastname: Park
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, Korea University Ansan Hospital, Korea University College of Medicine, Gyeonggi-do, Korea.
authors.forename: Hwan Hoon
authors.initials: HH
authors.lastname: Chung
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, Samsung Medical Center, 50 Irwon-Dong, Gangnam Gu, Seoul 135-710, Korea.
authors.forename: Hong Suk
authors.initials: HS
authors.lastname: Park
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, Samsung Medical Center, 50 Irwon-Dong, Gangnam Gu, Seoul 135-710, Korea.
authors.forename: Dongho
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Hyun
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D001165:Arteriovenous Malformations / Q000145:classification / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000628:therapy*; D000072226:Computed Tomography Angiography; D004621:Embolization, Therapeutic / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000295:instrumentation* / Q000379:methods; D004867:Equipment Design; D000431:Ethanol / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011237:Predictive Value of Tests; D011677:Punctures; D015641:Radiography, Interventional; D012077:Renal Artery / Q000002:abnormalities / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D012082:Renal Veins / Q000002:abnormalities / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D000431:Ethanol