title: Effect of Etanercept on the Formation of Epidural Fibrosis in an Experimental Model.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To investigate the effects of local and systemic administration of etanercept on the formation of epidural fibrosis.
  
  
  METHODS
  Twenty-eight rats were randomly divided into four equal groups (Control, SpongostanTM, Local etanercept and Systemic etanercept) and laminectomy was performed between T11 and L1 in all rats. SpongostanTM was soaked with saline (0.1 mg/kg), local etanercept (300 ?g/kg) was applied with SpongostanTM and systemic etanercept (300 ?g/kg/week) was applied subcutaneously. Four weeks later, the vertebral column from T9 to L3, including the paraspinal muscles and epidural scar tissue, was removed en bloc, and epidural fibrosis and arachnoidal involvement were graded and evaluated histopathologically.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The grading of epidural fibrosis was statistically significantly lower in systemic and local administration of etanercept groups compared to the control group (p < 0.005), but systemic etanercept administration was more effective.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Systemic administration of etanercept can be effective in reducing epidural fibrosis in rats after laminectomy.
authors.affiliation: Adnan Menderes University, School of Medicine, Department of Neurosurgery, Aydin, Turkey.
authors.forename: Zahir
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Kizilay
authors.forename: Nesibe Kahraman
authors.initials: NK
authors.lastname: Cetin
authors.forename: Abdullah
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Topcu
authors.forename: Ozgur
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Ismailoglu
authors.forename: Imran Kurt
authors.initials: IK
authors.lastname: Omurlu
authors.forename: Serdar
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Aktas
authors.forename: Ali
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Yilmaz
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000894:Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D002921:Cicatrix / Q000209:etiology / Q000473:pathology / Q000517:prevention & control*; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D004824:Epidural Space / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000473:pathology; D000068800:Etanercept / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D005355:Fibrosis; D007796:Laminectomy / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000639:trends; D008297:Male; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D000894:Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal; D000068800:Etanercept