title: Octanal inhibits spore germination of Penicillium digitatum involving membrane peroxidation.
abstract: Octanal is a potential alternative to chemical fungicides in controlling postharvest disease of citrus fruit. In this study, the antifungal activity and the underlying mechanism of octanal against spore germination of Penicillium digitatum, one of the main postharvest pathogens in citrus, were investigated. Results showed that octanal at different concentrations (0, 0.25, 0.50, 1.00, 2.00 μl/ml) inhibited the growth of P. digitatum spores in a dose-dependent manner. The morphology and the membrane permeability of P. digitatum spores were visibly altered by 0.25 and 2.00 μl/ml of octanal. Meanwhile, octanal decreased the total lipids contents of P. digitatum spores, indicating that the membrane integrity is damaged. Furthermore, octanal apparently induced the massive accumulation of total malonaldehyde (MDA) and the reactive oxygen species (ROS). An increase in the activities of lipoxygenase (LOX), NADH oxidase, superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), and peroxidase (POD) was also observed. These results suggested that a membrane damage mechanism involving membrane peroxidation might contribute to the antifungal activity of octanal against P. digitatum spores.
authors.affiliation: School of Chemical Engineering, Xiangtan University, Xiangtan, 411105, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Shiwen
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Dou
authors.affiliation: School of Chemical Engineering, Xiangtan University, Xiangtan, 411105, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Shengquan
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.affiliation: School of Horticulture and Plant Protection, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Xiaoyong
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Xu
authors.affiliation: School of Chemical Engineering, Xiangtan University, Xiangtan, 411105, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Qiuli
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: OuYang
authors.affiliation: School of Chemical Engineering, Xiangtan University, Xiangtan, 411105, People's Republic of China. nengguotao@126.com.
authors.forename: Nengguo
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Tao
mesh_terms: D000447:Aldehydes / Q000494:pharmacology*; D002374:Catalase / Q000378:metabolism; D002462:Cell Membrane / Q000378:metabolism; D002957:Citrus / Q000382:microbiology; D005656:Fungal Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D005659:Fungicides, Industrial / Q000494:pharmacology*; D015227:Lipid Peroxidation; D008084:Lipoxygenase / Q000378:metabolism; D009097:Multienzyme Complexes / Q000378:metabolism; D009247:NADH, NADPH Oxidoreductases / Q000378:metabolism; D018384:Oxidative Stress; D010407:Penicillium / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000254:growth & development; D009195:Peroxidase / Q000378:metabolism; D010935:Plant Diseases / Q000382:microbiology; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species / Q000378:metabolism; D013172:Spores, Fungal / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000254:growth & development; D013482:Superoxide Dismutase / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D000447:Aldehydes; D005656:Fungal Proteins; D005659:Fungicides, Industrial; D009097:Multienzyme Complexes; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species; D002374:Catalase; D009195:Peroxidase; D008084:Lipoxygenase; D013482:Superoxide Dismutase; C023107:NADH oxidase; D009247:NADH, NADPH Oxidoreductases; C031639:caprylic aldehyde
keywords: Membrane permeability; Membrane peroxidation; Octanal; Penicillium digitatum; Spores