title: Relationship of pressure to be thin with gains in body weight and fat mass in adolescents.
abstract: Sociocultural pressure to be thin is commonly reported by adolescents; yet, to what extent such pressure is associated with weight gain has not been evaluated longitudinally.
  
  
  
  Examine whether pressure to be thin was positively associated with weight and fat gain in adolescents.
  
  
  
  Participants were 196 healthy adolescent (age 15 ± 1 years old) girls (65%) and boys of varying weights (BMI 25 ± 7 kg/m2) studied at baseline and 1-year follow-up. At baseline, adolescents and their mothers reported pressure to be thin by questionnaire. At baseline and follow-up, BMI was calculated, and fat mass was assessed with air displacement plethysmography. Multiple regression was used to examine associations between baseline pressure to be thin and 1-year changes in BMI and fat mass.
  
  
  
  Accounting for multiple covariates, including baseline BMI or fat, adolescent-reported pressure from parents and peers and mother-reported pressure toward their teen were associated with greater gains in either adolescent BMI or fat (ps < .05). Adolescent weight status was a moderator of multiple effects (ps < .05).
  
  
  
  Parental and peer pressure to be thin were associated with increases in BMI and fat mass during adolescence, particularly in heavier adolescents. Further research is necessary to clarify how this association operates reciprocally and to identify underlying explanatory mechanisms.
authors.affiliation: Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA.
authors.forename: C S
authors.initials: CS
authors.lastname: Suelter
authors.affiliation: Section on Growth and Obesity, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA.|Department of Medical and Clinical Psychology, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD, USA.
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Schvey
authors.affiliation: Section on Growth and Obesity, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA.|Department of Medical and Clinical Psychology, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD, USA.
authors.forename: N R
authors.initials: NR
authors.lastname: Kelly
authors.affiliation: Colorado School of Public Health, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Shanks
authors.affiliation: Section on Growth and Obesity, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA.
authors.forename: K A
authors.initials: KA
authors.lastname: Thompson
authors.affiliation: Section on Growth and Obesity, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA.
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Mehari
authors.affiliation: Section on Growth and Obesity, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA.
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Brady
authors.affiliation: Office of Obesity Research, Division of Digestive Diseases and Nutrition, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA.
authors.forename: S Z
authors.initials: SZ
authors.lastname: Yanovski
authors.affiliation: Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA.|Colorado School of Public Health, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA.
authors.forename: C L
authors.initials: CL
authors.lastname: Melby
authors.affiliation: Section on Growth and Obesity, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA.|Department of Medical and Clinical Psychology, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD, USA.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Tanofsky-Kraff
authors.affiliation: Section on Growth and Obesity, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA.
authors.forename: J A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Yanovski
authors.affiliation: Section on Growth and Obesity, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA.|Colorado School of Public Health, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA.|Department of Human Development and Family Studies, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA.
authors.forename: L B
authors.initials: LB
authors.lastname: Shomaker
mesh_terms: D000273:Adipose Tissue; D000293:Adolescent; D015992:Body Mass Index; D001835:Body Weight; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D010287:Parent-Child Relations; D010290:Parents / Q000523:psychology*; D000067074:Peer Influence; D010991:Plethysmography; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D015430:Weight Gain
keywords: Adolescents; BMI; body fat; pressure to be thin