title: Intermediate-Term Followup of Proximal Hypospadias Repair Reveals High Complication Rate.
abstract: Results following distal hypospadias repair are favorable. Grouping proximal and distal hypospadias repair artificially increases the perceived success rate of proximal hypospadias. We identified our complication rate of proximal hypospadias repair and hypothesized a higher complication rate for 1-stage repair.
  
  
  
  We retrospectively reviewed the records of consecutive boys who underwent proximal hypospadias from 2007 to 2014. Proximal hypospadias was defined as a urethral meatus location at or more proximal than the penoscrotal junction after penile degloving. We further stratified boys into those with planned 1-stage vs 2-stage repair. Univariate and Cox regression analyses were performed to assess associations with covariates and compare time to the first complication, respectively.
  
  
  
  A total of 167 boys met study inclusion criteria. Median followup was 31.7 months for 1-stage repair in 86 patients and staged repair in 81. The overall complication rate was 56%. Complications developed in 53 of 86 1-stage (62%) vs 40 of 81 staged (49%) repairs (p = 0.11). The number of unplanned procedures per patient was higher in the 1-stage than in the staged group (0.99 vs 0.69, p = 0.06), as was the number of patients who had at least 2 complications (29 of 86 or 33% vs 13 of 81 or 16%, p = 0.03). Cox regression showed no difference in time to the first complication for staged compared to 1-stage repair (HR 0.77, 95% CI 0.43-1.39).
  
  
  
  Our 56% complication rate of proximal hypospadias warrants further long-term patient followup. More patients in the 1-stage group experienced at least 2 complications. However, when complications developed, they developed no differently in the 2 groups.
authors.affiliation: Division of Urology, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Perelman School of Medicine at University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. Electronic address: longc3@email.chop.edu.
authors.forename: Christopher J
authors.initials: CJ
authors.lastname: Long
authors.affiliation: Division of Urology, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Perelman School of Medicine at University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.
authors.forename: David I
authors.initials: DI
authors.lastname: Chu
authors.affiliation: Division of Urology, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Perelman School of Medicine at University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.
authors.forename: Robert W
authors.initials: RW
authors.lastname: Tenney
authors.affiliation: Division of Urology, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Perelman School of Medicine at University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.
authors.forename: Andrew R
authors.initials: AR
authors.lastname: Morris
authors.affiliation: Division of Urology, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Perelman School of Medicine at University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.
authors.forename: Dana A
authors.initials: DA
authors.lastname: Weiss
authors.affiliation: Division of Urology, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Perelman School of Medicine at University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.
authors.forename: Aseem R
authors.initials: AR
authors.lastname: Shukla
authors.affiliation: Division of Urology, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Perelman School of Medicine at University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.
authors.forename: Arun K
authors.initials: AK
authors.lastname: Srinivasan
authors.affiliation: Division of Urology, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Perelman School of Medicine at University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.
authors.forename: Stephen A
authors.initials: SA
authors.lastname: Zderic
authors.affiliation: Division of Urology, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Perelman School of Medicine at University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.
authors.forename: Thomas F
authors.initials: TF
authors.lastname: Kolon
authors.affiliation: Division of Urology, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Perelman School of Medicine at University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.
authors.forename: Douglas A
authors.initials: DA
authors.lastname: Canning
mesh_terms: D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D007021:Hypospadias / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery*; D007223:Infant; D008297:Male; D011183:Postoperative Complications / Q000453:epidemiology*; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D013997:Time Factors; D013521:Urologic Surgical Procedures, Male / Q000379:methods
keywords: hypospadias; male; postoperative complications; reconstructive surgical procedures; urethra