title: A Review of Differences in Clinical Characteristics between Tardive Syndrome Induced or Improved by Aripiprazole Treatment.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Tardive syndrome is a troublesome complication secondary to the long-term usage of antipsychotic medication. At present, there is a lack of effective treatment for tardive syndrome. Aripiprazole has been used in the treatment of tardive syndrome, with some reports of a good response. However, other reports have suggested that tardive syndrome can actually be induced by aripiprazole. The aim of current study was to investigate whether aripiprazole is beneficial or harmful for the treatment of tardive syndrome in specific patients.
  
  
  METHODS
  We performed a thorough literature search via PubMed. We included all of the studies discussing the relationship between tardive syndrome and aripiprazole, either with regards to "inducing" or "improving" the disease.
  
  
  RESULTS
  None of the included studies were well-designed clinical trials, and all were case reports or case series. A total of 26 articles were included in which aripiprazole induced tardive syndrome, and another 24 in which tardive syndrome was improved by aripiprazole treatment. In the "improved" group, there were significantly more cases of schizophrenia than in the "induced" group (p=0.002). However, there were significantly more cases with other miscellaneous diagnoses in the "induced" group than in the "improved" group (p=0.003). In addition, the cases in the "induced" group had a significantly longer duration of aripiprazole usage than those in the "improved" group (p=0.001).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Current study is important for clinicians to pay attention to the risk of tardive syndrome when prescribing aripiprazole in patients with a diagnosis other than a psychiatric illness or in the long-term administration of aripiprazole.
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, E-Da Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Yen-Wen
authors.initials: YW
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry, Tsyr-Huey Mental Hospital, Kaohsiung Jen-Ai's Home, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Ping-Tao
authors.initials: PT
authors.lastname: Tseng
mesh_terms: D014150:Antipsychotic Agents / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000494:pharmacology; D000068180:Aripiprazole / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000494:pharmacology; D004421:Dystonia / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000188:drug therapy; D006801:Humans; D010302:Parkinson Disease, Secondary / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000188:drug therapy; D011618:Psychotic Disorders / Q000188:drug therapy*; D000071057:Tardive Dyskinesia / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000209:etiology
chemical_list: D014150:Antipsychotic Agents; D000068180:Aripiprazole