title: Effect of low-intensity resistance training with heat stress on the HSP72, anabolic hormones, muscle size, and strength in elderly women.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Several recent studies have reported that heat stress stimulates the activation of heat shock protein 72 (HSP72), leading to an increase in muscle synthesis. Some studies suggested that low-intensity resistance training combined with heat stress could improve muscle size and strength.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  This study aimed to identify the effect of low-intensity resistance training with heat stress over 12 weeks on the HSP72, anabolic hormones, muscle size, and strength in elderly women.
  
  
  METHODS
  The subjects were physically healthy women of 65-75 years, who were randomly assigned to one of three groups: a low-intensity resistance training with heating sheet group (HRT group, n = 8), a moderate-intensity resistance training (RT group, n = 6), and a heating sheet group (HEAT group, n = 7). Computed tomography scans, 1-repetition maximum (1RM), and blood samples were taken pre- and post-training.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The HSP72 did not vary significantly between the different groups and times. The IGF-1 and 1RM had significantly increased in all three groups after the training (respectively, p < 0.05). Moreover, the cross-sectional area (CSA) of the quadriceps showed a significantly greater increase in the HRT group than in the HEAT group (p < 0.05).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  We found that low-intensity training with heat stress stimulated the anabolic hormones of elderly women, improving their muscle strength and hypertrophy. We believe that low-intensity training with heat stress is an effective way to prevent muscle atrophy and to improve muscle strength in elderly women.
authors.affiliation: Department of Physical Education, College of Education, Korea University, 145 Anam-ro, Seongbuk-Gu, Seoul, Republic of Korea. jiss@korea.ac.kr.
authors.forename: Sung Jin
authors.identifier: http://orcid.org/0000-0003-3859-8637
authors.initials: SJ
authors.lastname: Yoon
authors.affiliation: Exercise Physiology Lab, Department of Physical Education, Graduate School, Korea University, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Moon Jin
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.affiliation: Exercise Physiology Lab, Department of Physical Education, Graduate School, Korea University, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Hyo Min
authors.initials: HM
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.affiliation: Exercise Physiology Lab, Department of Physical Education, Graduate School, Korea University, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Jin Seok
authors.initials: JS
authors.lastname: Lee
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000375:Aging / Q000378:metabolism / Q000502:physiology; D005260:Female; D015577:Geriatric Assessment; D050884:HSP72 Heat-Shock Proteins / Q000097:blood / Q000378:metabolism*; D006358:Hot Temperature; D006801:Humans; D007334:Insulin-Like Growth Factor I / Q000032:analysis / Q000378:metabolism; D053580:Muscle Strength / Q000502:physiology*; D018482:Muscle, Skeletal / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000502:physiology; D052097:Quadriceps Muscle / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D055070:Resistance Training / Q000379:methods*; D014057:Tomography, X-Ray Computed
chemical_list: D050884:HSP72 Heat-Shock Proteins; C583557:IGF1 protein, human; D007334:Insulin-Like Growth Factor I
keywords: Anabolic hormones; Cross-sectional area; HSP72; Heat stress; Resistance training