title: Galangin suppresses human osteosarcoma cells: An exploration of its underlying mechanism.
abstract: Osteosarcoma is the most common malignant bone tumor that frequently affects adolescents. Osteosarcoma cells tend to proliferate and invade other tissues such as those of the lungs. Currently, neoadjuvant chemotherapy is the primary strategy to prevent tumor progression. However, its adverse effects result in poor long-term outcomes. Previous research has shown that galangin exhibits antitumor properties on several types of cancer cells; however its effect on osteosarcoma cells is yet unknown. The aims of this study were to evaluate the effects of galangin on the proliferation, apoptosis, migration, and invasion of osteosarcoma cells and to explore the underlying mechanisms. We found that the proliferation of MG63 and U20S osteosarcoma cells decreased significantly, while the apoptosis of MG63 cells accelerated significantly after exposure to galangin. In addition, the migration and invasion of MG63 cells were significantly inhibited by galangin. Moreover, phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K) and Aktp-Thr308 expression levels were found to be significantly lower in galangin-treated MG63 cells than in the control cells, and the protein expression levels of their downstream regulators cyclin D1 and matrix metalloproteinase 2/9 were also downregulated in galangin-treated groups, while those of p27Kip1, caspase-3, and caspase-8 were upregulated. These findings suggest that galangin suppresses osteosarcoma cells by inhibiting their proliferation and invasion and accelerating their apoptosis, and the mechanism may be associated with the inhibition of PI3K and its downstream signaling pathway.
authors.affiliation: The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325027, P.R. China.
authors.forename: Zhifan
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.affiliation: Department of Orthopaedics, Shaoxing People's Hospital, Shaoxing Hospital of Zhejiang University, Shaoxing, Zhejiang 312000, P.R. China.
authors.forename: Xiucheng
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: Department of Orthopaedics, Shaoxing People's Hospital, Shaoxing Hospital of Zhejiang University, Shaoxing, Zhejiang 312000, P.R. China.
authors.forename: Weiqi
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Han
authors.affiliation: Department of Orthopaedics, Shaoxing People's Hospital, Shaoxing Hospital of Zhejiang University, Shaoxing, Zhejiang 312000, P.R. China.
authors.forename: Xuanyuan
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Lu
authors.affiliation: Department of Orthopaedics, Shaoxing People's Hospital, Shaoxing Hospital of Zhejiang University, Shaoxing, Zhejiang 312000, P.R. China.
authors.forename: Songtao
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Jin
authors.affiliation: Department of Orthopaedics, Shaoxing People's Hospital, Shaoxing Hospital of Zhejiang University, Shaoxing, Zhejiang 312000, P.R. China.
authors.forename: Wanlei
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.affiliation: Department of Orthopaedics, Shaoxing People's Hospital, Shaoxing Hospital of Zhejiang University, Shaoxing, Zhejiang 312000, P.R. China.
authors.forename: Jianlei
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: Department of Orthopaedics, Shaoxing People's Hospital, Shaoxing Hospital of Zhejiang University, Shaoxing, Zhejiang 312000, P.R. China.
authors.forename: Wei
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: He
authors.affiliation: The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325027, P.R. China.
authors.forename: Yu
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Qian
mesh_terms: D017209:Apoptosis / Q000187:drug effects; D001859:Bone Neoplasms / Q000473:pathology / Q000517:prevention & control*; D053148:Caspase 3 / Q000378:metabolism; D053181:Caspase 8 / Q000378:metabolism; D045744:Cell Line, Tumor; D049109:Cell Proliferation / Q000187:drug effects; D019938:Cyclin D1 / Q000378:metabolism; D005419:Flavonoids / Q000494:pharmacology*; D006801:Humans; D020778:Matrix Metalloproteinase 2 / Q000378:metabolism; D012516:Osteosarcoma / Q000473:pathology / Q000517:prevention & control*; D019869:Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinases / Q000378:metabolism; D015398:Signal Transduction / Q000187:drug effects
chemical_list: C530104:CCND1 protein, human; D005419:Flavonoids; D019938:Cyclin D1; C037032:galangin; D019869:Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinases; D053148:Caspase 3; D053181:Caspase 8; D020778:Matrix Metalloproteinase 2