title: How are we addressing ligament balance in TKA? A literature review of revision etiology and technological advancement.
abstract: Despite technological advances in operative technique and component materials, the total knee arthroplasty (TKA) revision burden, in the United States, has remained static for the past decade. In light of an anticipated exponential increase in annual surgical volume, it is important to thoroughly understand contemporary challenges associated with technologically driven TKA. This descriptive literature review harvested 69 relevant publications to extrapolate patient trends, benefits, costs, and complications associated with computer-assisted surgery, patient specific instrumentation, and intra-operative sensors. Due to additional charges, a steep learning curve, and questionable cost-effectiveness, widespread use of these systems has been limited. Intra-operative sensors are a relatively recent development, and have been shown to improve both soft-tissue balance and overall functional outcomes at a relatively low price and without disrupting operative workflow. The introduction of new technology into the operating suite should be considered carefully, especially with respect to combined clinically efficacy and cost.
authors.affiliation: Nova Southeastern University, College of Osteopathic Medicine, 3301 College Avenue, Davie, FL 33314, United States.
authors.forename: Tyler
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Smith
authors.affiliation: OrthoSensor Inc., Department of Clinical Research, 1855 Griffin Road, Dania Beach, FL 33004, United States.
authors.forename: Leah
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Elson
authors.affiliation: OrthoSensor Inc., Department of Clinical Research, 1855 Griffin Road, Dania Beach, FL 33004, United States.
authors.forename: Christopher
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Anderson
authors.affiliation: Holy Cross Hospital, Leone Center for Orthopedic Care, 1000 NE 56th Street, Fort Lauderdale, FL 33334, United States.
authors.forename: William
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Leone
keywords: Clinical efficacy; Computer-assisted surgery; Intra-operative sensors; Patient-specific instrumentation; Primary total knee arthroplasty