title: Data logger technologies for manual wheelchairs: A scoping review.
abstract: In recent years, studies have increasingly employed data logger technologies to record objective driving and physiological characteristics of manual wheelchair users. However, the technologies used offer significant differences in characteristics, such as measured outcomes, ease of use, and level of burden. In order to identify and describe the extent of published research activity that relies on data logger technologies for manual wheelchair users, we performed a scoping review of the scientific and gray literature. Five databases were searched: Medline, Compendex, CINAHL, EMBASE, and Google Scholar. The 119 retained papers document a wide variety of logging devices and sensing technologies measuring a range of outcomes. The most commonly used technologies were accelerometers installed on the user (18.8%), odometers installed on the wheelchair (12.4%), accelerometers installed on the wheelchair (9.7%), and heart monitors (9.7%). Not surprisingly, the most reported outcomes were distance, mobility events, heart rate, speed/velocity, acceleration, and driving time. With decreasing costs and technological improvements, data loggers are likely to have future widespread clinical (and even personal) use. Future research may be needed to assess the usefulness of different outcomes and to develop methods more appropriate to wheelchair users in order to optimize the practicality of wheelchair data loggers.
authors.affiliation: a Department of Rehabilitation , Université Laval , Quebec City , Quebec , Canada.|b Centre for Interdisciplinary Research in Rehabilitation and Social Integration, Centre Intégré Universitaire de Santé et de Services Sociaux de la Capitale-Nationale , Institut de Réadaptation en Déficience Physique de Québec , Quebec City , Quebec , Canada.
authors.forename: François
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Routhier
authors.affiliation: b Centre for Interdisciplinary Research in Rehabilitation and Social Integration, Centre Intégré Universitaire de Santé et de Services Sociaux de la Capitale-Nationale , Institut de Réadaptation en Déficience Physique de Québec , Quebec City , Quebec , Canada.
authors.forename: Josiane
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Lettre
authors.affiliation: c Department of Occupational Science and Occupational Therapy, and Rehabilitation Sciences Graduate Program , University of British Columbia , Vancouver , British Columbia , Canada.|d International Collaboration on Repair Discoveries (ICORD) , Vancouver , British Columbia , Canada.|e GF Strong Rehabilitation Research Program and GF Strong Rehabilitation Centre , Vancouver , British Columbia , Canada.
authors.forename: William C
authors.initials: WC
authors.lastname: Miller
authors.affiliation: d International Collaboration on Repair Discoveries (ICORD) , Vancouver , British Columbia , Canada.|f Rehabilitation Engineering Design Laboratory , British Columbia Institute of Technology , Burnaby , British Columbia , Canada.
authors.forename: Jaimie F
authors.initials: JF
authors.lastname: Borisoff
authors.affiliation: c Department of Occupational Science and Occupational Therapy, and Rehabilitation Sciences Graduate Program , University of British Columbia , Vancouver , British Columbia , Canada.|e GF Strong Rehabilitation Research Program and GF Strong Rehabilitation Centre , Vancouver , British Columbia , Canada.
authors.forename: Kate
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Keetch
authors.affiliation: g Department of Computer Science , University of British Columbia , Vancouver , British Columbia , Canada.
authors.forename: Ian M
authors.initials: IM
authors.lastname: Mitchell
authors.forename: CanWheel
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Research Team
mesh_terms: D061725:Accelerometry / Q000295:instrumentation*; D000203:Activities of Daily Living; D003625:Data Collection / Q000295:instrumentation*; D006233:Persons with Disabilities; D004582:Electronics, Medical / Q000295:instrumentation; D006801:Humans; D018670:Monitoring, Ambulatory / Q000295:instrumentation*; D014910:Wheelchairs
keywords: data loggers; manual wheelchair; scoping review; wheelchair