title: Ultrasound-guided botulinum toxin A injection in the treatment of belly dancer's dyskinesia.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Belly dancer's dyskinesia is an extremely rare condition. It manifests as semicontinuous, slow, writhing, sinuous abdominal wall movements that are bothersome to the patient. Management of this condition is extremely difficult and challenging.
  
  
  METHODS
  We describe four patients with belly dancer's dyskinesia who were treated with Botulinum Toxin A (BTX) injections under ultrasound guidance.
  
  
  RESULTS
  All patients underwent the same BTX injection procedure using an aseptic technique under ultrasound guidance. The patients responded well to the BTX injections after an unsatisfactory course of medical treatment. The patients reported complete abolishment of abnormal abdominal movements with no side effects.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  We report a cohort of patients with belly dancer dyskinesia treated successfully with BTX injections. Ultrasound guidance for injections increases the accuracy and reduces the risk of the complications. BTX injection under ultrasound guidance is a safe and effective treatment modality that should be employed as a first-line in the management of patients with belly dancer's dyskinesia.
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, Ibn Sina Hospital, Kuwait, Kuwait.
authors.forename: Asmahan
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Alshubaili
authors.affiliation: Movement Disorder Program, Division of Neurology, Department of Neurosciences, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Centre, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.|College of Medicine, Alfaisal University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.
authors.forename: Hussam
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Abou-Al-Shaar
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, Ibn Sina Hospital, Kuwait, Kuwait.
authors.forename: Ponnusamy
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Santhamoorthy
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, Ibn Sina Hospital, Kuwait, Kuwait.
authors.forename: Hosam
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Attia
authors.affiliation: Movement Disorder Program, Division of Neurology, Department of Neurosciences, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Centre, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. boholega@kfshrc.edu.sa.|College of Medicine, Alfaisal University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. boholega@kfshrc.edu.sa.
authors.forename: Saeed
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Bohlega
mesh_terms: D000009:Abdominal Muscles / Q000503:physiopathology*; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D018726:Anti-Dyskinesia Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D019274:Botulinum Toxins, Type A / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D020820:Dyskinesias / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000473:pathology; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007273:Injections, Intramuscular; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D018084:Ultrasonography, Interventional
chemical_list: D018726:Anti-Dyskinesia Agents; D019274:Botulinum Toxins, Type A
keywords: Belly dancer’s dyskinesia; Botox; Botulinum Toxin A; Dyskinesia; Ultrasound-guided