title: Antipyrine removal by TiO2photocatalysis based on spinning disc reactor technology.
abstract: The photo-degradation of the emerging contaminant antipyrine (AP) was studied and optimized in a novel photocatalytic spinning disc reactor (SDR). A heterogeneous process (UV/H2O2/TiO2) was used. TiO2was immobilized on the surface of a glass disc using a sol-gel method. A factorial design of experiments followed by a Neural Networks fitting allowed the optimal conditions to be determined for treating 50 mg/L of AP. Under these conditions (pH = 4; [H2O2]0= 1500 mg/L; disc speed = 500 rpm; flowrate = 25 mL/s), AP was completely degraded in 120 min and regeneration of the disc allowed 10 cycles with no loss in efficiency. The value of the apparent volumetric rate constant was found to be 6.9·10-4s-1with no apparent mass transfer limitation. Based on the main intermediates identified, a mechanism is proposed for antipyrine photodegradation: Firstly, cleavage of the NN bond of penta-heterocycle leads to the formation of two aromatic acids and N-phenylpropanamide. An attack to the CN bond in the latter compound produces benzenamine. Finally, the phenyl ring of the aromatic intermediates are opened and molecular organic acids are formed.
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemical Engineering, Grupo IMAES, Escuela Técnica Superior de Ingenieros Industriales, Instituto de Investigaciones Energéticas y Aplicaciones Industriales (INEI), Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, Avda. Camilo José Cela 3, 13071, Ciudad Real, Spain. Electronic address: antoniojose.exposito@uclm.es.
authors.forename: A J
authors.initials: AJ
authors.lastname: Expósito
authors.affiliation: Bath Process Intensification Laboratory and Centre for Advanced Separations Engineering, Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Bath, BA2 7AY, UK. Electronic address: d.patterson@bath.ac.uk.
authors.forename: D A
authors.initials: DA
authors.lastname: Patterson
authors.affiliation: Bath Process Intensification Laboratory and Centre for Advanced Separations Engineering, Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Bath, BA2 7AY, UK.
authors.forename: W S W
authors.initials: WSW
authors.lastname: Mansor
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemical Engineering, Grupo IMAES, Escuela Técnica Superior de Ingenieros Industriales, Instituto de Investigaciones Energéticas y Aplicaciones Industriales (INEI), Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, Avda. Camilo José Cela 3, 13071, Ciudad Real, Spain.
authors.forename: J M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Monteagudo
authors.affiliation: Bath Process Intensification Laboratory and Centre for Advanced Separations Engineering, Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Bath, BA2 7AY, UK.
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Emanuelsson
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemical Engineering, Grupo IMAES, Escuela Técnica Superior de Ingenieros Industriales, Instituto de Investigaciones Energéticas y Aplicaciones Industriales (INEI), Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, Avda. Camilo José Cela 3, 13071, Ciudad Real, Spain.
authors.forename: I
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Sanmartín
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemical Engineering, Grupo IMAES, Escuela Técnica Superior de Ingenieros Industriales, Instituto de Investigaciones Energéticas y Aplicaciones Industriales (INEI), Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, Avda. Camilo José Cela 3, 13071, Ciudad Real, Spain. Electronic address: antonio.duran@uclm.es.
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Durán
mesh_terms: D000983:Antipyrine / Q000737:chemistry*; D002384:Catalysis; D006801:Humans; D010782:Photolysis; D014025:Titanium / Q000737:chemistry*; D014466:Ultraviolet Rays; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical / Q000737:chemistry*; D018508:Water Purification / Q000379:methods
chemical_list: D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical; C009495:titanium dioxide; D014025:Titanium; D000983:Antipyrine
keywords: AOPs; Emerging contaminant; Neural networks; Pathway; Pharmaceuticals; UV radiation