title: Human retinal microvascular imaging using adaptive optics scanning light ophthalmoscopy.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Retinal microvascular imaging is an especially promising application of high resolution imaging since there are increasing options for therapeutic intervention and need for better structural and functional biomarkers to characterize ocular and systemic vascular diseases.
  
  
  METHODS
  Adaptive optics scanning light ophthalmoscopy (AOSLO) is an emerging technology for improving in vivo imaging of the human retinal microvasculature, allowing unprecedented visualization of retinal microvascular structure, measurements of blood flow velocity, and microvascular network mapping. This high resolution imaging technique shows significant potential for studying physiological and pathological conditions of the retinal microvasculature noninvasively.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This review will briefly summarize the abilities of in vivo human retinal microvasculature imaging in healthy controls, as well as patients with diabetic retinopathy, retinal vein occlusion, and sickle cell retinopathy using AOSLO and discuss its potential contribution to scientific research and clinical applications.
authors.affiliation: Department of Ophthalmology, New York Eye and Ear Infirmary of Mount Sinai, New York, NY USA.|Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY USA.
authors.forename: Toco Y P
authors.initials: TYP
authors.lastname: Chui
authors.affiliation: Department of Ophthalmology, New York Eye and Ear Infirmary of Mount Sinai, New York, NY USA.|Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY USA.
authors.forename: Shelley
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Mo
authors.affiliation: Department of Ophthalmology, New York Eye and Ear Infirmary of Mount Sinai, New York, NY USA.|Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY USA.
authors.forename: Brian
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Krawitz
authors.affiliation: Department of Ophthalmology, New York Eye and Ear Infirmary of Mount Sinai, New York, NY USA.|Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY USA.
authors.forename: Nikhil R
authors.initials: NR
authors.lastname: Menon
authors.affiliation: Department of Ophthalmology, New York Eye and Ear Infirmary of Mount Sinai, New York, NY USA.|Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY USA.
authors.forename: Nadim
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Choudhury
authors.affiliation: Department of Ophthalmology, New York Eye and Ear Infirmary of Mount Sinai, New York, NY USA.
authors.forename: Alexander
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Gan
authors.affiliation: Department of Ophthalmology, New York Eye and Ear Infirmary of Mount Sinai, New York, NY USA.|Alexandria Faculty of Medicine, University of Alexandria, Alexandria, Egypt.
authors.forename: Moataz
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Razeen
authors.affiliation: Department of Ophthalmology, New York Eye and Ear Infirmary of Mount Sinai, New York, NY USA.
authors.forename: Nishit
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Shah
authors.affiliation: Department of Ophthalmology, New York Eye and Ear Infirmary of Mount Sinai, New York, NY USA.|Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY USA.
authors.forename: Alexander
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Pinhas
authors.affiliation: Department of Ophthalmology, New York Eye and Ear Infirmary of Mount Sinai, New York, NY USA.|Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY USA.
authors.forename: Richard B
authors.initials: RB
authors.lastname: Rosen
keywords: Adaptive optics; Blood vessels; Capillaries; Diabetic retinopathy; Fluorescein angiography; Retina; Retinal vein occlusion; Sickle cell retinopathy