title: Infrared thermography: A potential noninvasive tool to monitor udder health status in dairy cows.
abstract: The animal husbandry and livestock sectors play a major role in the rural economy, especially for the small and marginal farmers. India has the largest livestock population in the world and ranks first in the milk production. Mastitis is the most common and expensive infectious disease in dairy cattle. The global economic losses per year due to mastitis amounts to USD 35 billion and for Indian dairy industry ₹6000 crores per year. Early detection of mastitis is very important to reduce the economic loss to the dairy farmers and dairy industry. Automated methods for early and reliable detection of mastitis are currently in focus under precision dairying. Skin surface temperature is an important indicator for the diagnosis of cow's illnesses and for the estimation of their physiological status. Infrared thermography (IRT) is a simple, effective, on-site, and noninvasive method that detects surface heat, which is emitted as infrared radiation and generates pictorial images without causing radiation exposure. In human and bovine medicine, IRT is used as a diagnostic tool for assessment of normal and physiological status.
authors.affiliation: Department of Livestock Production and Management, Livestock Research Centre, Southern Regional Station, ICAR - National Dairy Research Institute, Bengaluru - 560 030, Karnataka, India.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Sathiyabarathi
authors.affiliation: Department of Livestock Production and Management, Livestock Research Centre, Southern Regional Station, ICAR - National Dairy Research Institute, Bengaluru - 560 030, Karnataka, India.
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Jeyakumar
authors.affiliation: Department of Livestock Production and Management, Livestock Research Centre, Southern Regional Station, ICAR - National Dairy Research Institute, Bengaluru - 560 030, Karnataka, India.
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Manimaran
authors.affiliation: Department of Animal Nutrition, College of Veterinary and Animal Sciences University, Mannuthy - 680 651, Kerala, India.
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Jayaprakash
authors.affiliation: Dairy Engineering Section, Southern Regional Station, ICAR - National Dairy Research Institute, Bengaluru - 560 030, Karnataka, India.
authors.forename: Heartwin A
authors.initials: HA
authors.lastname: Pushpadass
authors.affiliation: Dairy Economics and Statistics Section, Southern Regional Station, ICAR - National Dairy Research Institute, Bengaluru - 560 030, Karnataka, India.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Sivaram
authors.affiliation: Dairy Production Section, Southern Regional Station, ICAR - National Dairy Research Institute, Bengaluru - 560 030, Karnataka, India.
authors.forename: K P
authors.initials: KP
authors.lastname: Ramesha
authors.affiliation: Dairy Production Section, Southern Regional Station, ICAR - National Dairy Research Institute, Bengaluru - 560 030, Karnataka, India.
authors.forename: D N
authors.initials: DN
authors.lastname: Das
authors.affiliation: Dairy Production Section, Southern Regional Station, ICAR - National Dairy Research Institute, Bengaluru - 560 030, Karnataka, India.
authors.forename: Mukund A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Kataktalware
authors.affiliation: Department of livestock Production and Management, University Research Farm, Tamil Nadu Veterinary and Animal Sciences University, Chennai - 600 051, Tamil Nadu, India.
authors.forename: M Arul
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Prakash
authors.affiliation: Dairy Production Section, Southern Regional Station, ICAR - National Dairy Research Institute, Bengaluru - 560 030, Karnataka, India.
authors.forename: R Dhinesh
authors.initials: RD
authors.lastname: Kumar
keywords: cows; infrared thermography; mastitis diagnosis; udder health; udder surface temperature