title: [TMJ and orthodontics, "past, present and future"].
abstract: In the past, the ATM was mainly associated with the growth of the mandibular condyle. Many studies (on rats) showed the role of condylar cartilage in the growth response following stimulation by orthopedic appliances. From where, Class II dysmorphosis "orthopedic" treatments to grow the mandible; but this concept is discussed in the literature in the absence of fully conclusive results and especially since the contribution of orthognathic surgery. Currently, the operating concept is the mechanical stimulation and therefore the function will shape the ATM during growth and that, from an early age. Prevention of dysmorphoses must go through behavioral counseling to be adopted by parents from the birth of their child: to stimulate mandibular propulsion breastfeeding, then by a hard diet inducing an alternating unilateral chewing. Ignorance of the specificity of temporomandibular dysfunction (TMD) notably among teenagers has, in the past, left a doubt about the positive or negative role that could have orthodontic treatment on the TMJ. Currently, the best knowledge of TMJ and TMD provides a better therapeutic conduct: behavioral counseling especially for the girl hyperdivergente with small condyles, control of the condylar position, occlusal adjustments at the end of orthodontic treatment. The future of TMJ in relation with orthodontics is based on prevention, screening and deepening of our knowledge. The orthodontist will thus not make a treatment in patients at risk or will identify it and finish the treatment perfectly.
authors.affiliation: UFR d'odontologie, 24, avenue des Diables-Bleus, 06357 Nice cedex 4, France; Pôle odontologie du CHU de Nice, hôpital St-Roch, rue Devoluy, 06000 Nice, France. Electronic address: maniere@unice.fr.
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Manière-Ezvan
authors.affiliation: UFR d'odontologie, 24, avenue des Diables-Bleus, 06357 Nice cedex 4, France; Pôle odontologie du CHU de Nice, hôpital St-Roch, rue Devoluy, 06000 Nice, France.
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Oueiss
authors.affiliation: UFR d'odontologie, 24, avenue des Diables-Bleus, 06357 Nice cedex 4, France; Pôle odontologie du CHU de Nice, hôpital St-Roch, rue Devoluy, 06000 Nice, France.
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Busson
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002508:Cephalometry / Q000379:methods; D006801:Humans; D008310:Malocclusion / Q000601:surgery; D008334:Mandible; D008335:Mandibular Condyle / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery; D009970:Orthodontics / Q000379:methods* / Q000639:trends*; D009971:Orthodontics, Corrective / Q000379:methods / Q000639:trends; D051381:Rats; D013704:Temporomandibular Joint / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery; D013705:Temporomandibular Joint Disorders / Q000601:surgery*
keywords: Condylar growth; Croissance condylienne; Orthodontic reference position; Orthodontics and TMD; Orthodontie et TMD; Orthopedic Class II; Orthopédie de Classe II; Position de référence en orthodontie; Prevention of dysmorphoses; Prévention des dysmorphoses