title: Ethylene Potentiates Sulfur-Mediated Reversal of Cadmium Inhibited Photosynthetic Responses in Mustard.
abstract: The potential of exogenous ethylene and sulfur (S) in reversal of cadmium (Cd)-inhibited photosynthetic and growth responses in mustard (Brassica junceaL. cv. Pusa Jai Kisan) were studied. Plants grown with 50 μM Cd showed increased superoxide and H2O2accumulation and lipid peroxidation together with increased activity of 1-aminocyclopropane carboxylic acid synthase (ACS) and ethylene production and inhibition of photosynthesis and growth. Application of 1 mM SO42-or 200 μL L-1ethephon (ethylene source) influenced photosynthetic and growth performance equally in presence or absence of Cd. However, their combined application synergistically improved photosynthetic performance more in presence of Cd and reduced oxidative stress (lower superoxide and H2O2accumulation) by decreasing ethylene and glucose sensitivity with the increase in cysteine and methionineand a non-proteinogenic thiol (reduced glutathione; GSH) contents. The central role of ethylene in potentiating S-mediated reversal of Cd-induced oxidative stress was evident with the use of ethylene action inhibitor, norbornadiene (NBD). The application of NBD resulted in decreased thiol production and photosynthetic responses. This suggests that ethylene promotes the effects of S in reversal of adverse effects of Cd, and thus, ethylene modulation may be considered as potential tool to substantiate the S effects in reversal of Cd inhibited photosynthesis and growth in mustard.
authors.affiliation: Plant Physiology and Biochemistry Laboratory, Department of Botany, Aligarh Muslim University Aligarh, India.
authors.forename: Nafees A
authors.initials: NA
authors.lastname: Khan
authors.affiliation: Plant Physiology and Biochemistry Laboratory, Department of Botany, Aligarh Muslim University Aligarh, India.
authors.forename: Mohd
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Asgher
authors.affiliation: Plant Physiology and Biochemistry Laboratory, Department of Botany, Aligarh Muslim University Aligarh, India.
authors.forename: Tasir S
authors.initials: TS
authors.lastname: Per
authors.affiliation: Plant Physiology and Biochemistry Laboratory, Department of Botany, Aligarh Muslim University Aligarh, India.
authors.forename: Asim
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Masood
authors.affiliation: Plant Physiology and Biochemistry Laboratory, Department of Botany, Aligarh Muslim University Aligarh, India.
authors.forename: Mehar
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Fatma
authors.affiliation: Plant Physiology and Biochemistry Laboratory, Department of Botany, Aligarh Muslim University Aligarh, India.
authors.forename: M I R
authors.initials: MI
authors.lastname: Khan
keywords: cadmium; ethylene; norbornadiene; photosynthesis; sulfur