title: Multi-edge X-ray absorption spectroscopy study of road dust samples from a traffic area of Venice using stoichiometric and environmental references.
abstract: The appropriate selection of representative pure compounds to be used as reference is a crucial step for successful analysis of X-ray absorption near edge spectroscopy (XANES) data, and it is often not a trivial task. This is particularly true when complex environmental matrices are investigated, being their elemental speciation a priori unknown. In this paper, an investigation on the speciation of Cu, Zn, and Sb based on the use of conventional (stoichiometric compounds) and non-conventional (environmental samples or relevant certified materials) references is explored. This method can be useful in when the effectiveness of XANES analysis is limited because of the difficulty in obtaining a set of references sufficiently representative of the investigated samples. Road dust samples collected along the bridge connecting Venice to the mainland were used to show the potentialities and the limits of this approach.
authors.affiliation: Dipartimento di Scienze Ambientali, Informatica e Statistica, Università Ca' Foscari Venezia, I-30172 Venezia, Mestre, Italy. Electronic address: valotto@unive.it.
authors.forename: Gabrio
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Valotto
authors.affiliation: Dipartimento di Scienze Molecolari e Nanosistemi, Università Ca' Foscari Venezia, I-30172 Venezia, Mestre, Italy.
authors.forename: Elti
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Cattaruzza
authors.affiliation: Institute of Nanotechnology (CNR-Nanotec), I-00185, Roma, Italy.
authors.forename: Fabrizio
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Bardelli
keywords: Cu; Road dust; Sb; Speciation; XANES; XAS; Zn