title: Eagle Syndrome Presenting with Neurological Symptoms.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Eagle syndrome is a rare entity that causes recurrent throat pain, neck pain, dysphagia, or facial pain due to an elongated styloid process or calcified stylohyoid ligament. Clinical findings related to lower cranial nerve compression have also been reported. In some cases, it is reported that carotid artery compression or dissection can be seen due to elongated styloid process and this is called carotid artery syndrome. Carotid artery compression causes flow reduction and carotidynia or neurological symptoms can be seen. Dural sinuses and the jugular vein can be compressed. Eagle syndrome with neurological symptoms has been rarely reported.
  
  
  METHODS
  The data of 5 patients (aged between 22 and 68 years), who presented to the hospital with various neurological symptoms, were retrospectively reviewed. Each patient underwent computed tomography (CT) that revealed a long styloid process.
  
  
  RESULTS
  An elongated styloid process caused neurological symptoms. Two patients had venous compression by the styloid process and the other patients had transient ischemic attacks due to internal carotid artery compression by the styloid process. Only one patient underwent surgical removal. All patients" outcomes were good after treatment and no symptoms remained.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Eagle syndrome may be presented with neurological symptoms. It should be kept in mind in the differential diagnosis of patients who have neurological symptoms without any objective etiological factors. To the best of our knowledge, Eagle syndrome with arterial and venous compression due to elongated styloid process has not been previously presented in the literature.
authors.affiliation: Baskent University, School of Medicine, Department of Radiology, Izmir, Turkey.
authors.forename: Elcin
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Aydin
authors.forename: Huseyin
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Quliyev
authors.forename: Celal
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Cinar
authors.forename: Halil
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Bozkaya
authors.forename: Ismail
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Oran
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D003251:Constriction, Pathologic / Q000209:etiology; D003937:Diagnosis, Differential; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D002546:Ischemic Attack, Transient / Q000209:etiology*; D007601:Jugular Veins / Q000473:pathology*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009999:Ossification, Heterotopic / Q000150:complications*; D012851:Sinus Thrombosis, Intracranial / Q000209:etiology; D013701:Temporal Bone / Q000002:abnormalities*; D055815:Young Adult