title: Direct Bonding of Chitosan Biomaterials to Tissues Using Transglutaminase for Surgical Repair or Device Implantation.
abstract: Natural biomaterials, such as chitosan and collagen, are useful for biomedical applications because they are biocompatible, mechanically robust, and biodegradable, but it is difficult to rapidly and tightly bond them to living tissues. In this study, we demonstrate that the microbial transglutaminase (mTG), can be used to rapidly (<5 min) bond chitosan and collagen biomaterials to the surfaces of hepatic, cardiac, and dermal tissues, as well as to functionalized polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) materials that are used in medical products. The mTG-bonded chitosan patches effectively sealed intestinal perforations, and a newly developed two-component mTG-bonded chitosan spray effectively repaired ruptures in a breathing lung when tested ex vivo. The mechanical strength of mTG-catalyzed chitosan adhesive bonds were comparable to those generated by commonly used surgical glues. These results suggest that mTG preparations may be broadly employed to bond various types of organic materials, including polysaccharides, proteins, and functionalized inorganic polymers to living tissues, which may open new avenues for biomedical engineering, medical device integration, and tissue repair.
authors.affiliation: 1 Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering, Harvard University , Boston, Massachusetts.|2 Harvard School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University , Cambridge, Massachusetts.
authors.forename: Javier G
authors.initials: JG
authors.lastname: Fernandez
authors.affiliation: 1 Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering, Harvard University , Boston, Massachusetts.
authors.forename: Suneil
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Seetharam
authors.affiliation: 1 Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering, Harvard University , Boston, Massachusetts.
authors.forename: Christopher
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Ding
authors.affiliation: 1 Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering, Harvard University , Boston, Massachusetts.
authors.forename: Juani
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Feliz
authors.affiliation: 1 Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering, Harvard University , Boston, Massachusetts.
authors.forename: Ed
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Doherty
authors.affiliation: 1 Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering, Harvard University , Boston, Massachusetts.|2 Harvard School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University , Cambridge, Massachusetts.|3 Vascular Biology Program, Department of Surgery, Children's Hospital and Harvard Medical School , Boston, Massachusetts.|4 Vascular Biology Program, Department of Pathology, Children's Hospital and Harvard Medical School , Boston, Massachusetts.
authors.forename: Donald E
authors.initials: DE
authors.lastname: Ingber
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D048271:Chitosan / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology; D004129:Dimethylpolysiloxanes / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology; D009757:Nylons / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology; D013552:Swine; D013718:Tensile Strength; D014014:Tissue Adhesives / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology; D011503:Transglutaminases / Q000737:chemistry*
chemical_list: D004129:Dimethylpolysiloxanes; D009757:Nylons; D014014:Tissue Adhesives; C085707:poly(dimethylsiloxane)-polyamide copolymer; D048271:Chitosan; D011503:Transglutaminases
keywords: biomedical engineering; biomimetic materials; chitosan