title: The cardiometabolic risk profile of Chinese adults with diabetes: A nationwide cross-sectional survey.
abstract: We aimed to estimate the cardiometabolic risk profile of Chinese adults with diabetes.
  
  
  
  We conducted a nationally representative survey of 98,658 noninstitutionalized Chinese adults aged ≥18years using a complex, multistage, probability sampling design in 2010. Diabetes was defined in 12,607 participants according to the 2010 American Diabetes Association criteria. All estimates were weighted to represent the overall Chinese adults with diabetes.
  
  
  
  Among Chinese adults with diabetes, the weighted prevalence estimates were 47.5% (95% confidence interval (CI): 46.4%-48.7%) for low fruit and vegetable intake, 20.3% (19.3%-21.2%) for low physical activity, 27.2% (26.2%-28.3%) for current smoking, 10.9% (10.3%-11.7%) for obesity, 52.2% (51.0%-53.3%) for systolic blood pressure (BP) ≥140mmHg, 46.8% (45.6%-47.9%) for low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol ≥100mg/dL, 36.4% (35.3%-37.5%) for hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) ≥7.0% (53mmol/mol), and 69.5% (68.4%-70.6%) for metabolic syndrome. Proportions of Chinese patients with diabetes with 0, 1, 2, 3, and 4 cardiometabolic risk factors including current smoking, systolic BP ≥140mmHg, LDL cholesterol ≥100mg/dL, and HbA1c≥7.0% (53mmol/mol) were 13.4% (12.6%-14.2%), 32.9% (31.8%-33.9%), 35.0% (33.9%-36.1%), 16.2% (15.4%-17.0%), and 2.6% (2.3%-3.0%), respectively.
  
  
  
  Cardiometabolic risk factors were highly prevalent among Chinese with diabetes. Effective interventions should be taken.
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Medical Genomics, Key Laboratory for Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases of Ministry of Health, National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center of Systems Biomedicine, and Shanghai Clinical Center for Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Rui-Jin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao-Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.
authors.forename: Lin
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Ding
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Medical Genomics, Key Laboratory for Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases of Ministry of Health, National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center of Systems Biomedicine, and Shanghai Clinical Center for Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Rui-Jin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao-Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.
authors.forename: Yu
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Xu
authors.affiliation: National Center for Chronic and Noncommunicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China.
authors.forename: Limin
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Medical Genomics, Key Laboratory for Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases of Ministry of Health, National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center of Systems Biomedicine, and Shanghai Clinical Center for Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Rui-Jin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao-Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.
authors.forename: Min
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Xu
authors.affiliation: National Center for Chronic and Noncommunicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China; Department of Neurology, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.
authors.forename: Yong
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Jiang
authors.affiliation: National Center for Chronic and Noncommunicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China.
authors.forename: Mei
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: National Center for Chronic and Noncommunicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China.
authors.forename: Yichong
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Medical Genomics, Key Laboratory for Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases of Ministry of Health, National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center of Systems Biomedicine, and Shanghai Clinical Center for Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Rui-Jin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao-Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.
authors.forename: Jieli
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Lu
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Medical Genomics, Key Laboratory for Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases of Ministry of Health, National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center of Systems Biomedicine, and Shanghai Clinical Center for Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Rui-Jin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao-Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.
authors.forename: Tiange
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Medical Genomics, Key Laboratory for Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases of Ministry of Health, National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center of Systems Biomedicine, and Shanghai Clinical Center for Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Rui-Jin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao-Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.
authors.forename: Meng
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Dai
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Medical Genomics, Key Laboratory for Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases of Ministry of Health, National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center of Systems Biomedicine, and Shanghai Clinical Center for Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Rui-Jin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao-Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.
authors.forename: Di
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Medical Genomics, Key Laboratory for Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases of Ministry of Health, National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center of Systems Biomedicine, and Shanghai Clinical Center for Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Rui-Jin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao-Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.
authors.forename: Weiqing
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: National Institute for Nutrition and Health, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China. Electronic address: whzhao@ilsichina.org.
authors.forename: Wenhua
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Zhao
authors.affiliation: National Center for Chronic and Noncommunicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China. Electronic address: linhong@chinawch.org.cn.
authors.forename: Linhong
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Medical Genomics, Key Laboratory for Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases of Ministry of Health, National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center of Systems Biomedicine, and Shanghai Clinical Center for Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Rui-Jin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao-Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China. Electronic address: byf10784@rjh.com.cn.
authors.forename: Yufang
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Bi
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Medical Genomics, Key Laboratory for Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases of Ministry of Health, National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center of Systems Biomedicine, and Shanghai Clinical Center for Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Rui-Jin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao-Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.
authors.forename: Guang
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Ning
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D002318:Cardiovascular Diseases / Q000150:complications / Q000453:epidemiology*; D002681:China / Q000453:epidemiology; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D048909:Diabetes Complications / Q000453:epidemiology*; D003920:Diabetes Mellitus / Q000453:epidemiology*; D005260:Female; D006442:Glycated Hemoglobin / Q000032:analysis; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D024821:Metabolic Syndrome / Q000150:complications / Q000453:epidemiology*; D008875:Middle Aged; D015995:Prevalence; D012307:Risk Factors; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D006442:Glycated Hemoglobin
keywords: Cardiometabolic risk; Chinese; Diabetes; Dyslipidemia; Hypertension; Obesity