title: Nanomicelles loaded with doxorubicin and curcumin for alleviating multidrug resistance in lung cancer.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  A new type of polymeric micelle (PM) was assembled using a polyethylene glycol (PEG)-linked (PEGylated) amphiphilic copolymer and d-tocopheryl PEG1000succinate (TPGS1000). The micelles were used to deliver doxorubicin (DOX) and curcumin (CUR) for alleviating multidrug resistance (MDR) in lung cancer cells while enhancing the therapeutic efficacy of DOX.
  
  
  METHODS
  Micelles loaded with DOX and CUR were assembled using a film-forming technique. Micelles were used to treat A549/Adr cells to find out whether micelles had the ability to reverse the MDR of A549/Adr cells. Some investigations were conducted using tumor-bearing mice to assess whether these micelles had enhanced antitumor efficacy as compared to DOX alone or the combination of DOX and CUR.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Some micelles (DOX + CUR)-PMs had a small average size of about 17 nm and showed definite ability to deliver both DOX and CUR into DOX-resistant A549/Adr cells. The PMs had high cytotoxicity toward A549/Adr cells when the applied equivalent DOX dose was 1 µg/mL or higher. The cellular uptake of (DOX + CUR)-PMs into A549/Adr cells was found to be associated with an energy-dependent, caveolae-mediated, and clathrin-independent mechanism. (DOX + CUR)-PMs helped to prolong the circulation of DOX or CUR as compared to the individual administration of DOX or CUR, and they exhibited high inhibiting efficiency against the growth of tumors and were able to reduce the side effects of DOX.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  TPGS1000and CUR could synergistically reverse DOX-resistance of A549/Adr cells. In vivo examinations confirmed that the micelles had the capability to increase the plasma concentration of DOX or CUR, as well as to prolong their respective blood circulation. These micelles were able to significantly inhibit tumor growth in Lewis lung carcinoma tumor-bearing mice while reducing the side effects of DOX. The micelles showed potential in the treatment of lung cancer.
authors.affiliation: Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, the First Affiliated Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin.
authors.forename: Yue
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Gu
authors.affiliation: Hubei Province Key Laboratory on Cardiovascular, Cerebrovascular, and Metabolic Disorders, Hubei University of Science and Technology, Xianning.
authors.forename: Jing
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, the First Affiliated Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin.
authors.forename: Yang
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, the First Affiliated Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin.
authors.forename: Lei
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Song
authors.affiliation: Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, the First Affiliated Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin.
authors.forename: Dan
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, the First Affiliated Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin.
authors.forename: Liping
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Peng
authors.affiliation: College of Life Sciences and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Ying
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Wan
authors.affiliation: Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, the First Affiliated Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin.
authors.forename: Shucheng
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Hua
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D045744:Cell Line, Tumor; D003474:Curcumin / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D004317:Doxorubicin / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D004337:Drug Carriers / Q000737:chemistry*; D018432:Drug Resistance, Multiple / Q000187:drug effects*; D004357:Drug Synergism; D006801:Humans; D008175:Lung Neoplasms / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000473:pathology*; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D008823:Micelles; D049329:Nanostructures / Q000737:chemistry*; D011092:Polyethylene Glycols / Q000737:chemistry
chemical_list: D004337:Drug Carriers; D008823:Micelles; D011092:Polyethylene Glycols; D004317:Doxorubicin; D003474:Curcumin
keywords: curcumin; doxorubicin; drug-resistance; polymeric micelles; synergistic effect