title: Scoping review shows wide variation in the definitions of bronchopulmonary dysplasia in preterm infants and calls for a consensus.
abstract: The use of different definitions for bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) has been an ongoing challenge. We searched papers published in English from 2010 and 2015 reporting BPD as an outcome, together with studies that compared BPD definitions between 1978 and 2015. We found that the incidence of BPD ranged from 6% to 57%, depending on the definition chosen, and that studies that investigated correlations with long-term pulmonary and/or neurosensory outcomes reported moderate-to-low predictive values regardless of the BPD criteria.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  A comprehensive and evidence-based definition for BPD needs to be developed for benchmarking and prognostic use.
authors.affiliation: Maternal-Infant Care Research Centre, Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada.
authors.forename: Delaney
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Hines
authors.affiliation: UK Neonatal Collaborative, Neonatal Data Analysis Unit, Section of Neonatal Medicine, Department of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, UK.
authors.forename: Neena
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Modi
authors.affiliation: Maternal-Infant Care Research Centre, Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada.|Department of Pediatrics, Mount Sinai Hospital and University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.
authors.forename: Shoo K
authors.initials: SK
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.affiliation: Maternal-Infant Care Research Centre, Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada.
authors.forename: Tetsuya
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Isayama
authors.affiliation: Swedish Neonatal Quality Register, Department of Pediatrics/Neonatal Services, Umeå University Hospital, Umeå, Sweden.
authors.forename: Gunnar
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Sjörs
authors.affiliation: Pediatrics and Neonatology Division, Ospedale Versilia, Viareggio, Italy.
authors.forename: Luigi
authors.identifier: http://orcid.org/0000-0001-6074-8975
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Gagliardi
authors.affiliation: Finnish Medical Birth Register and Register of Congenital Malformations, Department of Pediatrics, Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland.
authors.forename: Liisa
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Lehtonen
authors.affiliation: Spanish Neonatal Network, Health Research Institute La Fe, Valencia, Spain.
authors.forename: Maximo
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Vento
authors.affiliation: Neonatal Research Network Japan, Maternal and Perinatal Center, Tokyo Women's Medical University, Tokyo, Japan.
authors.forename: Satoshi
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Kusuda
authors.affiliation: Swiss Neonatal Network, Department of Neonatology, University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.
authors.forename: Dirk
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Bassler
authors.affiliation: Neonatal Research Network Japan, Maternal and Perinatal Center, Tokyo Women's Medical University, Tokyo, Japan.
authors.forename: Rintaro
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Mori
authors.affiliation: Israel Neonatal Network, Gertner Institute for Epidemiology and Health Policy Research, Sheba Medical Centre, Tel Hashomer, Israel.
authors.forename: Brian
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Reichman
authors.affiliation: Swedish Neonatal Quality Register, Department of Pediatrics/Neonatal Services, Umeå University Hospital, Umeå, Sweden.
authors.forename: Stellan
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Håkansson
authors.affiliation: Australia and New Zealand Neonatal Network, Department of Paediatrics, University of Otago, Christchurch, New Zealand.
authors.forename: Brian A
authors.initials: BA
authors.lastname: Darlow
authors.affiliation: Swiss Neonatal Network, Department of Neonatology, University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.
authors.forename: Mark
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Adams
authors.affiliation: TIN Toscane Online, Unit of Epidemiology, Meyer Children's University Hospital, Florence, Italy.
authors.forename: Franca
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Rusconi
authors.affiliation: Spanish Neonatal Network, Health Research Institute La Fe, Valencia, Spain.
authors.forename: Laura
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: San Feliciano
authors.affiliation: Australian and New Zealand Neonatal Network, Royal Hospital for Women, National Perinatal Epidemiology and Statistic Unit, University of New South Wales, Randwick, NSW, Australia.
authors.forename: Kei
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Lui
authors.affiliation: Neonatal Research Network Japan, Maternal and Perinatal Center, Tokyo Women's Medical University, Tokyo, Japan.
authors.forename: Naho
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Morisaki
authors.affiliation: Maternal-Infant Care Research Centre, Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada.
authors.forename: Natasha
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Musrap
authors.affiliation: Maternal-Infant Care Research Centre, Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada.|Department of Pediatrics, Mount Sinai Hospital and University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.
authors.forename: Prakesh S
authors.initials: PS
authors.lastname: Shah
mesh_terms: D001997:Bronchopulmonary Dysplasia; D006801:Humans; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D007234:Infant, Premature; D009626:Terminology as Topic
keywords: Bronchopulmonary dysplasia; Chronic lung disease; National Institute of Child Health and Human Development; Pulmonary insufficiency; Quality improvement