title: Metabolomics and Trace Element Analysis of Camel Tear by GC-MS and ICP-MS.
abstract: Camel tear metabolomics and elemental analysis are useful in getting the information regarding the components responsible for maintaining the protective system that allows living in the desert and dry regions. The aim of this study was to correlate that the camel tears can be used as artificial tears for the evaluation of dryness in the eye. Eye biomarkers of camel tears were analyzed by gas chromatography-mass spectroscopy (GC-MS) and inductively coupled plasma mass spectroscopy (ICP-MS). The major compounds detected in camel tears by GC-MS were alanine, valine, leucine, norvaline, glycine, cadaverine, urea, ribitol, sugars, and higher fatty acids like octadecanoic acid and hexadecanoic acid. GC-MS analysis of camel tears also finds several products of metabolites and its associated metabolic participants. ICP-MS analysis showed the presence of different concentration of elemental composition in the camel tears.
authors.affiliation: Central Laboratory, Research Center, Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2457, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia. rizwanhamdard@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Syed Rizwan
authors.initials: SR
authors.lastname: Ahamad
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2457, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia.
authors.forename: Mohammad
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Raish
authors.affiliation: Department of Animal Production, College of Food and Agriculture Sciences, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2460, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia.
authors.forename: Syed Hilal
authors.initials: SH
authors.lastname: Yaqoob
authors.affiliation: Central Laboratory, Research Center, Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2457, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia.
authors.forename: Altaf
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Khan
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2457, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia. faiyazs@fastmail.fm.|Center of Excellence in Biotechnology Research (CEBR), College of Science, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2460, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia. faiyazs@fastmail.fm.
authors.forename: Faiyaz
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Shakeel
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000032:analysis / Q000378:metabolism; D002162:Camelus; D008401:Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry; D013058:Mass Spectrometry; D055432:Metabolomics; D013666:Tears / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000378:metabolism; D014131:Trace Elements / Q000032:analysis* / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; D014131:Trace Elements
keywords: Camel tear; Elements; Gas chromatography mass spectrophotometer; Inductively coupled plasma mass spectrophotometer