title: Numerical Assessment of Novel Helical/Spiral Grafts with Improved Hemodynamics for Distal Graft Anastomoses.
abstract: In the present work, numerical simulations were conducted for a typical end-to-side distal graft anastomosis to assess the effects of inducing secondary flow, which is believed to remove unfavourable flow environment. Simulations were carried out for four models, generated based on two main features of 'out-of-plane helicity' and 'spiral ridge' in the grafts as well as their combination. Following a qualitative comparison against in vitro data, various mean flow and hemodynamic parameters were compared and the results showed that helicity is significantly more effective in inducing swirling flow in comparison to a spiral ridge, while their combination could be even more effective. In addition, the induced swirling flow was generally found to be increasing the wall shear stress and reducing the flow stagnation and particle residence time within the anastomotic region and the host artery, which may be beneficial to the graft longevity and patency rates. Finally, a parametric study on the spiral ridge geometrical features was conducted, which showed that the ridge height and the number of spiral ridges have significant effects on inducing swirling flow, and revealed the potential of improving the efficiency of such designs.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Michigan, 1107 Carl A. Gerstacker Building, 2200 Bonisteel Blvd, Ann Arbor, Michigan, 48109, United States of America.
authors.forename: Foad
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Kabinejadian
authors.affiliation: Engineering and Materials Research Centre, Manchester Metropolitan University, Manchester, M1 5GD, United Kingdom.
authors.forename: Michael
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: McElroy
authors.affiliation: Engineering and Materials Research Centre, Manchester Metropolitan University, Manchester, M1 5GD, United Kingdom.
authors.forename: Andres
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Ruiz-Soler
authors.affiliation: Department of Biomedical Engineering, National University of Singapore, 4 Engineering Drive 3, Block E4 #04-08, Singapore, 117583, Singapore.
authors.forename: Hwa Liang
authors.initials: HL
authors.lastname: Leo
authors.affiliation: Healthcare Science Research Centre, Manchester Metropolitan University, Manchester, M1 5GD, United Kingdom.
authors.forename: Mark A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Slevin
authors.affiliation: Cardiovascular Research Center, CSIC-ICCC, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau (UAB), C/Sant Antoni Maria Claret 167, 08025, Barcelona, Spain.
authors.forename: Lina
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Badimon
authors.affiliation: Engineering and Materials Research Centre, Manchester Metropolitan University, Manchester, M1 5GD, United Kingdom.|School of Mechanical, Aerospace and Civil Engineering, University of Manchester, M13 9PL, United Kingdom.
authors.forename: Amir
authors.identifier: http://orcid.org/0000-0003-4747-277X
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Keshmiri
mesh_terms: D000465:Algorithms; D000714:Anastomosis, Surgical; D001783:Blood Flow Velocity; D001808:Blood Vessels; D003198:Computer Simulation; D006439:Hemodynamics; D006801:Humans; D008955:Models, Cardiovascular; D013314:Stress, Mechanical