title: Effects of dietary supplementation with a chlorella by-product on the growth performance, immune response, intestinal microflora and intestinal mucosal morphology in broiler chickens.
abstract: This study aimed to determine the effect of different dietary levels of a Chlorella by-product (CBP) on the growth performance, immune response, intestinal microflora and intestinal mucosal morphology of broilers. In total, 480 one-day-old broiler chickens were randomly allotted to four dietary treatments with four replicated pens consisting of 30 chicks. The basal diet was formulated to be adequate in energy and nutrients. Three additional diets were prepared by supplementing 25, 50 or 75 g/kg of CBP to the basal diet. The diets were fed to the broilers ad libitum for 35 days. Result indicated that increasing inclusion level of CBP improved BW gain (linear, p < 0.05). There was no effect of inclusion level of CBP in diets on total cholesterol, triglyceride, aspartate aminotransferase and alanine aminotransferase levels during the 35 days. Plasma IgG, IgM and IgA concentrations increased (linear, p < 0.05) with inclusion level of CBP in diets. Supplementation of CBP in the diets increased (linear, p < 0.05) the concentrations of Lactobacillus in the caecal content and decreased (linear, p < 0.05) the concentrations of Escherichia coli and Salmonella in the caecal content. Villus height increased (linear and quadratic, p < 0.05) with inclusion level of CBP in diets. Crypt depth increased (quadratic, p < 0.05) with inclusion level of CBP, and a decreased villus height: crypt depth ratio (quadratic, p < 0.05) was observed as inclusion level of CBP in diets increased. The results of the current experiment indicate that dietary supplementation of CBP improves growth performance of birds. Dietary CBP has improving Lactobacillus spp. concentrations in the gastrointestinal tract, plasma immunoglobulin concentrations and intestinal mucosal morphology.
authors.affiliation: Poultry Science Division, National Institute of Animal Science, RDA, Seonghwan, Korea.
authors.forename: H K
authors.initials: HK
authors.lastname: Kang
authors.affiliation: Poultry Science Division, National Institute of Animal Science, RDA, Seonghwan, Korea.
authors.forename: S B
authors.initials: SB
authors.lastname: Park
authors.affiliation: Poultry Science Division, National Institute of Animal Science, RDA, Seonghwan, Korea.
authors.forename: C H
authors.initials: CH
authors.lastname: Kim
mesh_terms: D000821:Animal Feed / Q000032:analysis; D000824:Animal Nutritional Physiological Phenomena; D000818:Animals; D001419:Bacteria / Q000145:classification / Q000187:drug effects; D002645:Chickens; D002708:Chlorella; D004032:Diet / Q000662:veterinary; D019587:Dietary Supplements; D007136:Immunoglobulins / Q000378:metabolism; D007413:Intestinal Mucosa / Q000473:pathology*; D007422:Intestines / Q000382:microbiology*; D008297:Male
chemical_list: D007136:Immunoglobulins
keywords: broilers; chlorella by-product; growth performance; immunoglobulin; morphology