title: Compositional and structural changes in Phoenix canariensis and Opuntia ficus-indica with pretreatment: Effects on enzymatic hydrolysis and second generation ethanol production.
abstract: Two different plants namely Phoenix canariensis and Opuntia ficus-indica were used as substrate for reducing sugar generation and ethanol production. Dilute acid, alkaline and steam explosion were used as pretreatment methods in order to depolymerize lignin and/or hemicellulose and recover cellulose. By using alkaline pretreatment with 2.5% NaOH 71.08% for P. canariensis and 74.61% for O. ficus-indica lignin removal and 81.84% for P. canariensis and 72.66% for O. ficus-indica cellulose recovery yields were obtained. Pretreated materials were hydrolyzed by cellulase with high efficiency (87.0% and 84.5% cellulose conversion yields for P. canariensis and O. ficus-indica) and used as substrate for fermentation. Maximum ethanol production of 15.75g/L and 14.71g/L were achieved from P. canariensis and O. ficus-indica respectively. Structural differences were observed by XRD, FTIR and SEM for untreated, pretreated, hydrolyzed and fermented samples and were highly correlated with compositional analysis results.
authors.affiliation: Cyprus International University, Department of Environmental Sciences, Haspolat - Nicosia, Turkish Republic of Northern Cyprus via Mersin 10, Turkey.
authors.forename: Benard Anayo
authors.initials: BA
authors.lastname: Udeh
authors.affiliation: Cyprus International University, Department of Environmental Sciences, Haspolat - Nicosia, Turkish Republic of Northern Cyprus via Mersin 10, Turkey. Electronic address: eerkurt@ciu.edu.tr.
authors.forename: Emrah Ahmet
authors.initials: EA
authors.lastname: Erkurt
mesh_terms: D028023:Arecaceae / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000378:metabolism; D001709:Biotechnology / Q000379:methods*; D002480:Cellulase / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism; D002482:Cellulose / Q000378:metabolism; D000431:Ethanol / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism*; D005285:Fermentation; D006868:Hydrolysis; D008031:Lignin / Q000737:chemistry; D008855:Microscopy, Electron, Scanning; D029747:Opuntia / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000378:metabolism; D011134:Polysaccharides / Q000737:chemistry; D012972:Sodium Hydroxide / Q000737:chemistry; D017550:Spectroscopy, Fourier Transform Infrared; D013227:Steam; D014961:X-Ray Diffraction
chemical_list: D011134:Polysaccharides; D013227:Steam; D000431:Ethanol; D012972:Sodium Hydroxide; C007916:hemicellulose; D002482:Cellulose; D008031:Lignin; D002480:Cellulase
keywords: Cellulase; Cellulose accessibility; Ethanol fermentation; Lignin; Pretreatment