title: Prospective motion correction in functional MRI.
abstract: Due to the intrinsic low sensitivity of BOLD-fMRI long scanning is required. Subject motion during fMRI scans reduces statistical significance of the activation maps and increases the prevalence of false activations. Motion correction is therefore an essential tool for a successful fMRI data analysis. Retrospective motion correction techniques are now commonplace and are incorporated into a wide range of fMRI analysis toolboxes. These techniques are advantageous due to robustness, sequence independence and have minimal impact on the fMRI study setup. Retrospective techniques however, do not provide an accurate intra-volume correction, nor can these techniques correct for the spin-history effects. The application of prospective motion correction in fMRI appears to be effective in reducing false positives and increasing sensitivity when compared to retrospective techniques, particularly in the cases of substantial motion. Especially advantageous in this regard is the combination of prospective motion correction with dynamic distortion correction. Nevertheless, none of the recent methods are able to recover activations in presence of motion that are comparable to no-motion conditions, which motivates further research in the area of adaptive dynamic imaging.
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology - Medical Physics, University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg - Medical Centre, Freiburg, Germany. Electronic address: zaitsev@ukl.uni-freiburg.de.
authors.forename: Maxim
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Zaitsev
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology - Medical Physics, University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg - Medical Centre, Freiburg, Germany.
authors.forename: Burak
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Akin
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology - Medical Physics, University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg - Medical Centre, Freiburg, Germany.
authors.forename: Pierre
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: LeVan
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology - Medical Physics, University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg - Medical Centre, Freiburg, Germany.
authors.forename: Benjamin R
authors.initials: BR
authors.lastname: Knowles
mesh_terms: D016477:Artifacts; D059907:Functional Neuroimaging / Q000379:methods* / Q000592:standards; D006801:Humans; D007091:Image Processing, Computer-Assisted / Q000379:methods* / Q000592:standards; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging / Q000379:methods* / Q000592:standards
keywords: Adaptive dynamic MRI; Function MRI; Motion correction; Prospective motion correction; Real-time motion correction; fMRI