title: Fate of emerging and priority micropollutants during the sewage sludge treatment: Case study of Paris conurbation. Part 1: Contamination of the different types of sewage sludge.
abstract: This article provides data on the contamination of different kinds of sludge (raw, centrifuged, digested, thermally dried sludge and sludge cake) from Paris conurbation by 71 various pollutants including pharmaceutical products (PHPs), hormones, perfluorinated acids (PFAs), linear alkylbenzene sulfonate (LAS), alkylphenols (APs), phthalates (PAEs), polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and polychlorobiphenyls (PCBs). Very high contents of LAS (0.1-10g/kg dry matter - DM) compared to other compounds were found in all types of sludge followed by DEHP (10-100mg/kg DM) and fluoroquinolones (1-100mg/kg DM). APs were measured at intermediary contents in Parisian sludge, lying in the 2-20mg/kg DM range. Finally, hormones, PAHs, PCBs, PAEs, PFAs and the remaining PHPs were all found at contents lower than 1mg/kg DM. For most compounds (PHPs, PFOS, DEHP, PAHs), no significant differences in the micropollutant contents were found for similar types of sludge from different WWTP in Paris, highlighting the homogeneity of sludge contamination in downstream Paris catchment. The variability of concentration is rather high (coefficient of variation >100%) for several PHPs, PFAs or PCBs while it is moderate (<100%) or low (<50%) for fluoroquinolones, hormones, PAHs, APs or LAS. In addition, digestion seems to have a buffer effect as variabilities are lower in digested sludge for PHPs, PFAs, APs and PCBs. During sludge treatment (centrifugation, digestion, thermal drying, sludge conditioning+press filtration), the hormones, LAS, APs, PAHs, DEHP and PCBs concentrations increased, while those of PHPs and PFAs decreased. In the case of digestion, the increase of content can be explained by no pollutant removal or a lower removal than DM removal (concentration phenomenon) whereas the decrease underlines that the compound is more removed than the DM. In any case, these concentration variations presuppose the mechanisms of dissipation that could be attributed to volatilization, biotic or abiotic transformation (complete or with metabolites production), bound residues formation. In addition, data on sludge liquors - centrifuged (CW) and condensed (TDW) waters - from respectively centrifugation and thermal drying were collected. Several hormones, PHPs, PFAs, LAS, PAEs, APs, PCBs and PAHs were quantified in CW and TDW, displaying a transfer through the water removal. The concentrations observed are rather comparable to those found in wastewater.
authors.affiliation: SIAAP, Direction du Développement et de la Prospective, 82 avenue Kléber, 92700 Colombes, France. Electronic address: romain.mailler@siaap.fr.
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Mailler
authors.affiliation: LEESU (UMR MA 102, Université Paris-Est, Agro ParisTech), 61 avenue du Général De Gaulle, 94010 Créteil Cedex, France. Electronic address: gasperi@u-pec.fr.
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Gasperi
authors.affiliation: LBE, INRA, 11100 Narbonne, France.
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Patureau
authors.affiliation: Université de Lyon, Institut des Sciences Analytiques, UMR 5280 CNRS, Université Lyon 1, ENS-Lyon, 5 rue de la Doua, 69100 Villeurbanne, France.
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Vulliet
authors.affiliation: LBE, INRA, 11100 Narbonne, France.
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Delgenes
authors.affiliation: LBE, INRA, 11100 Narbonne, France.
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Danel
authors.affiliation: LEESU (UMR MA 102, Université Paris-Est, Agro ParisTech), 61 avenue du Général De Gaulle, 94010 Créteil Cedex, France; LCPP (UMR 0050, INRA), 39 bis rue de Dantzig, 75015 Paris, France.
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Deshayes
authors.affiliation: LCPP (UMR 0050, INRA), 39 bis rue de Dantzig, 75015 Paris, France.
authors.forename: V
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Eudes
authors.affiliation: SIAAP, Direction du Développement et de la Prospective, 82 avenue Kléber, 92700 Colombes, France.
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Guerin
authors.affiliation: LEESU (UMR MA 102, Université Paris-Est, Agro ParisTech), 61 avenue du Général De Gaulle, 94010 Créteil Cedex, France.
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Moilleron
authors.affiliation: LEESU (UMR MA 102, Université Paris-Est, Agro ParisTech), 6-8 avenue Blaise Pascal, Champs-sur-Marne, 77455 Marne-la-Vallée Cedex 2, France.
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Chebbo
authors.affiliation: SIAAP, Direction du Développement et de la Prospective, 82 avenue Kléber, 92700 Colombes, France. Electronic address: vincent.rocher@siaap.fr.
authors.forename: V
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Rocher
mesh_terms: D017738:Alkanesulfonic Acids / Q000737:chemistry; D003890:Desiccation; D006728:Hormones / Q000032:analysis; D010297:Paris; D004364:Pharmaceutical Preparations / Q000032:analysis; D011078:Polychlorinated Biphenyls / Q000032:analysis*; D011084:Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons / Q000737:chemistry*; D012722:Sewage / Q000737:chemistry; D013696:Temperature; D014865:Waste Disposal, Fluid / Q000379:methods*; D062065:Wastewater / Q000737:chemistry*; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical / Q000032:analysis*; D018508:Water Purification / Q000379:methods
chemical_list: D017738:Alkanesulfonic Acids; D006728:Hormones; D004364:Pharmaceutical Preparations; D011078:Polychlorinated Biphenyls; D011084:Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons; D012722:Sewage; D062065:Wastewater; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical; C030641:alkylbenzyl sulfonic acid
keywords: Emerging pollutants; Priority substances; Sewage sludge; Sludge liquor; Sludge treatment