title: Burden of hypertension in China: A nationally representative survey of 174,621 adults.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Hypertension is a major cause of cardiovascular disease. Periodic nationwide surveys are essential for monitoring secular trend of hypertension and its control in population. We assessed prevalence of hypertension and related awareness, treatment and control rates in Chinese adults in 2013-14.
  
  
  METHODS
  A nationally representative survey recruited 174,621 adults aged>18years from 31 provinces in mainland China between 2013 and 2014. Population-weighted prevalence of hypertension and related rates of awareness, treatment and control were calculated and compared by age, sex, region and other factors of interest.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Overall, 27.8% of Chinese adults were hypertensive, with the adjusted prevalence higher in men than in women and increasing steeply with rising age. Of those with hypertension, 31.9% were previously diagnosed, of those diagnosed, 82.9% were treated, and of those treated, 34.6% had their blood pressure properly controlled, resulting in an overall control rates of 9.7% among those with hypertension. Despite similar prevalence, the awareness, treatment and control were much better in urban areas than in rural areas. Among hypertensive individuals, older age, higher levels of education or household income tended to be associated with better awareness, treatment and control rates. During 2013-14, 292 million adults in China had hypertension, representing an absolute increase of 139 million individuals since year 2002.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Among Chinese adults, more than one forth had hypertension and the prevalence has increased significantly during recent decades. Despite huge efforts, the levels of awareness, treatment and control rates of hypertension remain extremely low, foreshadowing substantial unnecessary disease burden.
authors.affiliation: National Center for Chronic and Non-communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing 100050, China.
authors.forename: Yichong
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: Clinical Trial Service Unit and Epidemiological Studies Unit (CTSU), University of Oxford, UK.
authors.forename: Ling
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.affiliation: National Center for Chronic and Non-communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing 100050, China.
authors.forename: Limin
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: National Center for Chronic and Non-communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing 100050, China.
authors.forename: Mei
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: National Center for Chronic and Non-communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing 100050, China.
authors.forename: Zhengjing
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Huang
authors.affiliation: National Center for Chronic and Non-communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing 100050, China.
authors.forename: Qian
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Deng
authors.affiliation: National Center for Chronic and Non-communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing 100050, China.
authors.forename: Maigeng
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Zhou
authors.affiliation: Clinical Trial Service Unit and Epidemiological Studies Unit (CTSU), University of Oxford, UK. Electronic address: zhengming.chen@ctsu.ox.ac.uk.
authors.forename: Zhengming
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.affiliation: National Center for Chronic and Non-communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing 100050, China. Electronic address: linhong@chinawch.org.cn.
authors.forename: Linhong
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Wang
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D017677:Age Distribution; D000368:Aged; D000959:Antihypertensive Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D001795:Blood Pressure Determination; D002681:China / Q000453:epidemiology; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D005260:Female; D019538:Health Care Surveys; D007722:Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice; D006801:Humans; D006973:Hypertension / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000453:epidemiology*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D015995:Prevalence; D011379:Prognosis; D018570:Risk Assessment; D012720:Severity of Illness Index; D017678:Sex Distribution; D016019:Survival Analysis
chemical_list: D000959:Antihypertensive Agents
keywords: China; Cross-sectional studies; Epidemiology; Hypertension; Prevalence