title: Evaluation of the Presence and Levels of Enrofloxacin, Ciprofloxacin, Sulfaquinoxaline and Oxytetracycline in Broiler Chickens after Drug Administration.
abstract: The depletion times of enrofloxacin and its metabolite ciprofloxacin as well as sulfaquinoxaline and oxytetracycline were evaluated in broiler chickens that had been subjected to pharmacological treatment. The presence and residue levels of these drugs in muscle tissue were evaluated using an ultra-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC-MS/MS) method that was validated in this work. The results showed the presence of all antimicrobial residues; however, the presence of residues at concentrations higher than the drugs' maximum residue limit (MRL) of 100 μg kg-1 was found only during the treatment period for oxytetracycline and until two days after discontinuation of the medication for enrofloxacin, ciprofloxacin and sulfaquinoxaline. It was concluded that the residues of all antimicrobials were rapidly metabolized from the broiler muscles; after four days of withdrawal, the levels were lower than the limit of quantification (LOQ) of the method for the studied analytes.
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Tecnologia e Inspeção de Produtos de Origem Animal, Escola de Veterinária, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais (UFMG), Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil.
authors.forename: Débora Cristina Sampaio
authors.initials: DC
authors.lastname: de Assis
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Tecnologia e Inspeção de Produtos de Origem Animal, Escola de Veterinária, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais (UFMG), Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil.
authors.forename: Guilherme Resende
authors.initials: GR
authors.lastname: da Silva
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Tecnologia e Inspeção de Produtos de Origem Animal, Escola de Veterinária, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais (UFMG), Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil.
authors.forename: Isabela Pereira
authors.initials: IP
authors.lastname: Lanza
authors.affiliation: Laboratório Nacional Agropecuário (LANAGRO-MG), Ministério da Agricultura, Pecuária e Abastecimento, Pedro Leopoldo, Minas Gerais, Brazil.
authors.forename: Ana Cláudia Dos Santos Rossi
authors.initials: AC
authors.lastname: Ribeiro
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Tecnologia e Inspeção de Produtos de Origem Animal, Escola de Veterinária, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais (UFMG), Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil.
authors.forename: Ângela Maria Quintão
authors.initials: ÂM
authors.lastname: Lana
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Tecnologia e Inspeção de Produtos de Origem Animal, Escola de Veterinária, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais (UFMG), Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil.
authors.forename: Leonardo José Camargos
authors.initials: LJ
authors.lastname: Lara
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Tecnologia e Inspeção de Produtos de Origem Animal, Escola de Veterinária, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais (UFMG), Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil.
authors.forename: Tadeu Chaves
authors.initials: TC
authors.lastname: de Figueiredo
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Tecnologia e Inspeção de Produtos de Origem Animal, Escola de Veterinária, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais (UFMG), Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil.
authors.forename: Silvana de Vasconcelos
authors.initials: SV
authors.lastname: Cançado
mesh_terms: D000820:Animal Diseases / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000382:microbiology; D000818:Animals; D000890:Anti-Infective Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000302:isolation & purification; D002645:Chickens / Q000382:microbiology*; D002939:Ciprofloxacin / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000302:isolation & purification; D004350:Drug Residues / Q000737:chemistry / Q000302:isolation & purification; D000077422:Enrofloxacin; D024841:Fluoroquinolones / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000302:isolation & purification; D008658:Inactivation, Metabolic; D009132:Muscles / Q000737:chemistry / Q000187:drug effects; D010118:Oxytetracycline / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000302:isolation & purification; D013428:Sulfaquinoxaline / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000302:isolation & purification
chemical_list: D000890:Anti-Infective Agents; D024841:Fluoroquinolones; D000077422:Enrofloxacin; D002939:Ciprofloxacin; D013428:Sulfaquinoxaline; D010118:Oxytetracycline