title: Simple extraction method for quantification of phenothiazine residues in pork muscle using liquid chromatography-triple quadrupole tandem mass spectrometry.
abstract: In this study, an analytical method was developed for quantification of residues of the anthelmintic drug phenothiazine (PTZ) in pork muscle using liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. Muscles were extracted using 0.2% formic acid and 10 mm ammonium formate in acetonitrile, defatted and purified using n-hexane. The drug was well separated on a Waters XBridge™ C18analytical column using a binary solvent system consisting of 0.2% formic acid and 10 mm ammonium formate in ultrapure water (A) and acetonitrile (B). Good linearity was achieved over a six-point concentration range in matrix-matched calibration with determination coefficient =0.9846. Fortified pork muscle having concentrations equivalent to and double the limit of quantification (1 ng/g) yielded recovery ranges between 100.82 and 104.03% and relative standard deviations <12%. Samples (n = 5) collected from large markets located in Seoul City tested negative for PTZ residue. In conclusion, 0.2% formic acid and ammonium formate in acetonitrile can effectively extract PTZ from pork muscle without solid-phase extraction, a step normally required for cleanup before analysis and the validated method can be used for routine analysis to ensure the quality of animal products.
authors.affiliation: Department of Veterinary Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Konkuk University, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Dan
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: Department of Veterinary Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Konkuk University, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Jin-A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Park
authors.affiliation: Department of Veterinary Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Konkuk University, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Seong-Kwan
authors.initials: SK
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.affiliation: Department of Veterinary Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Konkuk University, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Sang-Hyun
authors.initials: SH
authors.lastname: Cho
authors.affiliation: Department of Veterinary Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Konkuk University, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Soo-Min
authors.initials: SM
authors.lastname: Cho
authors.affiliation: Biotechnology Research Institute, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Jae-Han
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Shim
authors.affiliation: Department of Veterinary Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Konkuk University, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Jin-Suk
authors.initials: JS
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.affiliation: Department of Veterinary Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Konkuk University, Seoul, Republic of Korea.|Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt.
authors.forename: A M
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Abd El-Aty
authors.affiliation: Department of Veterinary Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Konkuk University, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Ho-Chul
authors.initials: HC
authors.lastname: Shin
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002853:Chromatography, Liquid / Q000379:methods*; D057230:Limit of Detection; D008461:Meat Products / Q000032:analysis*; D009132:Muscles / Q000737:chemistry*; D010640:Phenothiazines / Q000032:analysis*; D013552:Swine; D053719:Tandem Mass Spectrometry / Q000379:methods*
chemical_list: D010640:Phenothiazines; C031637:phenothiazine
keywords: detection; phenothiazine; pork muscle; residue level; tandem mass spectrometry