title: Sub-Acute Toxicity Study of Graphene Oxide in the Sprague-Dawley Rat.
abstract: Graphene oxide (GO) is an oxidized derivative of graphene used in biotechnology and medicine. The safety of GO is uncertain, so we evaluated its toxicity in male rats. Rat tail veins were injected with 2.5, 5, or 10 mg/kg GO for seven days and behavioral patterns, pathology, and tissue morphology were assessed. Data show that behaviors were not altered according to an open field test and a functional observational battery test, but histopathological analysis indicated that GO caused inflammation of the lung, liver, and spleen. GO also reduced cholesterol, high density lipoprotein (HDL), and low density lipoprotein (LDL). No other organs were modified. Thus, high concentrations of GO are toxic for the lung, liver, and spleen, but the mechanism by which this occurs requires more study.
authors.affiliation: Cerebrovascular Diseases Laboratory, Institute of Neuroscience, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China. xiaosui19781127@163.com.
authors.forename: Yingbo
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: Cerebrovascular Diseases Laboratory, Institute of Neuroscience, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China. 15223071977@163.com.
authors.forename: Yan
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: Cerebrovascular Diseases Laboratory, Institute of Neuroscience, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China. xiangping.hh@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Liu
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Tu
authors.affiliation: Cerebrovascular Diseases Laboratory, Institute of Neuroscience, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China. chendidi@hotmail.com.
authors.forename: Di
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.affiliation: Preventive Medicine, School of Public Health and Management, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China. LZ292874810@Hotmail.com.
authors.forename: Zhi
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Luo
authors.affiliation: Preventive Medicine, School of Public Health and Management, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China. 18375750155@163.com.
authors.forename: Dengyuan
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.affiliation: Preventive Medicine, School of Public Health and Management, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China. 15396919928@163.com.
authors.forename: Zhuang
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Miao
authors.affiliation: Pediatric Specialty of Clinical Medicine, Academy of Pediatrics, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China. 18324181946@163.com.
authors.forename: Gang
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Feng
authors.affiliation: The First Clinical College of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China. 18883938786@163.com.
authors.forename: Li
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Qing
authors.affiliation: Cerebrovascular Diseases Laboratory, Institute of Neuroscience, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China. cqykdxwangshali@cqmu.edu.cn.
authors.forename: Shali
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Wang
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D006108:Graphite / Q000633:toxicity*; D008099:Liver / Q000187:drug effects*; D008168:Lung / Q000187:drug effects*; D008297:Male; D009930:Organic Chemicals / Q000633:toxicity*; D010084:Oxidation-Reduction; D010087:Oxides / Q000633:toxicity*; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D013154:Spleen / Q000187:drug effects*
chemical_list: D009930:Organic Chemicals; D010087:Oxides; D006108:Graphite
keywords: carbon nano-material; graphene oxide; sub-acute toxicology