title: Inter-organ regulation of adipose tissue browning.
abstract: Adaptive thermogenesis is an important component of energy expenditure. Brown adipocytes are best known for their ability to convert chemical energy into heat. Beige cells are brown-like adipocytes that arise in white adipose tissue in response to certain environmental cues to dissipate heat and improve metabolic homeostasis. A large body of intrinsic factors and external signals are critical for the function of beige adipocytes. In this review, we discuss recent advances in our understanding of neuronal, hormonal, and metabolic regulation of the development and activation of beige adipocytes, with a focus on the regulation of beige adipocytes by other organs, tissues, and cells. Understanding the cellular and molecular mechanisms of inter-organ regulation of adipose tissue browning may provide an avenue for combating obesity and associated diseases.
authors.affiliation: Program in Integrative Cell Signaling and Neurobiology of Metabolism, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, USA.|Section of Comparative Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, P.O. Box 208016, New Haven, CT, 06520-8016, USA.|State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology, Xijing Hospital of Digestive Diseases, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, Shaanxi, China.
authors.forename: Simeng
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: Program in Integrative Cell Signaling and Neurobiology of Metabolism, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, USA. xiaoyong.yang@yale.edu.|Section of Comparative Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, P.O. Box 208016, New Haven, CT, 06520-8016, USA. xiaoyong.yang@yale.edu.|Department of Cellular and Molecular Physiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA. xiaoyong.yang@yale.edu.
authors.forename: Xiaoyong
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Yang
mesh_terms: D052437:Adipocytes, Brown / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology*; D002001:Adipose Tissue, Brown / Q000378:metabolism / Q000503:physiopathology*; D000818:Animals; D002490:Central Nervous System / Q000378:metabolism / Q000503:physiopathology; D004734:Energy Metabolism; D041981:Gastrointestinal Tract / Q000378:metabolism / Q000503:physiopathology; D006321:Heart / Q000503:physiopathology; D006801:Humans; D018482:Muscle, Skeletal / Q000378:metabolism / Q000503:physiopathology; D009206:Myocardium / Q000378:metabolism; D009765:Obesity / Q000378:metabolism / Q000503:physiopathology*; D013564:Sympathetic Nervous System / Q000378:metabolism / Q000503:physiopathology; D022722:Thermogenesis
keywords: Thermogenesis; beige adipocytes; browning; inter-organ crosstalk; obesity