title: Development and Application of a Test for Food-Induced Emotions.
abstract: This study aimed to develop a test to measure food-induced emotions suitable for stable food and beverages. All of the experiments were conducted under the conditions of a consumer sensory evaluation according to German standard DIN 10974. Test development included descriptors' derivation and factor analysis as well as a comparison between the new test (empathic food test, EFT) and a hedonic sensory test and an unspecific psychological test, known as a multidimensional mood questionnaire (MDMQ). Nineteen sensory experts derived twelve items using free-choice profiling. After an exploratory factor analyses, ten of the intended twelve items were integrated into two scales. To compare the new questionnaire (EFT) to the MDMQ and a hedonic test, panels of 59 (EFT), 64 (MDMQ) and 63 (hedonic sensory test) untrained individuals described their perceptions after consuming sensorially similar pairs of milk, water, bread and sugar. The benchmark of comparison was the power to discriminate between the food pairs. Test-retest replicability was demonstrated. All three tests presented slight differences in sample preference and effect size depending on the offered products. These findings underscore the need to test new methods with a wide range of products. Further research is needed to investigate the relationship between sensorial perception and emotional response.
authors.affiliation: Forschungsring e.V., Brandschneise 5, 64295, Darmstadt, Germany.
authors.forename: Uwe
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: Geier
authors.affiliation: Department of Human Medicine, University of Witten/Herdecke, Gerhard-Kienle-Weg 4, 58313, Herdecke, Germany.
authors.forename: Arndt
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Büssing
authors.affiliation: Technologie-Transfer-Zentrum (ttz) Bremerhaven, Fischkai 1, 27572, Bremerhaven, Germany.
authors.forename: Pamela
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Kruse
authors.affiliation: Forschungsring e.V., Brandschneise 5, 64295, Darmstadt, Germany.
authors.forename: Ramona
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Greiner
authors.affiliation: Technologie-Transfer-Zentrum (ttz) Bremerhaven, Fischkai 1, 27572, Bremerhaven, Germany.
authors.forename: Kirsten
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Buchecker
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000339:Affect; D000368:Aged; D000704:Analysis of Variance; D003258:Consumer Behavior; D004644:Emotions; D005260:Female; D005502:Food; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D055815:Young Adult