title: Heterogeneity of biochar amendment to improve the carbon and nitrogen sequestration through reduce the greenhouse gases emissions during sewage sludge composting.
abstract: This study was performed to investigate the effects of biochar as an amendment to a gaseous emissions and sewage sludge (SS) composting dynamics. Six dosage of biochar [low dosage of biochar (LDB) - 2%, 4% and 6%; and higher dosage of biochar (HDB) - 8%, 12% and 18%] were amended to a mixture of SS and wheat straw (4:1 ratio on dry weight basis) and compared to control or without additive. The HDB significantly reduced CH4, N2O and NH3emission by 92.85-95.34%, 95.14-97.30% and 58.03-65.17%, but not the CO2emission. Meanwhile, humification results indicated that humic and fulvic acid 35-42% and 24-28% higher in the HDB amended treatments than those in the LDB and control treatments. The HDB significantly decreased total nitrogen losses and greenhouse gas emission, while LDB had significantly (p<0.001) higher CH4and N2O emissions. Due to effective performance of HDB, the 12% biochar was recommended to be used in SS composting practice.
authors.affiliation: College of Natural Resources and Environment, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi Province 712100, PR China; Department of Biotechnology, Amicable Knowledge Solution University, Satna, India.
authors.forename: Mukesh Kumar
authors.initials: MK
authors.lastname: Awasthi
authors.affiliation: College of Natural Resources and Environment, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi Province 712100, PR China.
authors.forename: Meijing
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: College of Natural Resources and Environment, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi Province 712100, PR China.
authors.forename: Hongyu
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.affiliation: College of Natural Resources and Environment, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi Province 712100, PR China.
authors.forename: Quan
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: College of Natural Resources and Environment, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi Province 712100, PR China.
authors.forename: Junchao
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Zhao
authors.affiliation: College of Natural Resources and Environment, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi Province 712100, PR China.
authors.forename: Xiuna
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Ren
authors.affiliation: College of Natural Resources and Environment, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi Province 712100, PR China.
authors.forename: Dong-Sheng
authors.initials: DS
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: Department of Microbiology, Barkatullah University, Bhopal, India.
authors.forename: Sanjeev Kumar
authors.initials: SK
authors.lastname: Awasthi
authors.affiliation: College of Natural Resources and Environment, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi Province 712100, PR China.
authors.forename: Feng
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Shen
authors.affiliation: College of Natural Resources and Environment, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi Province 712100, PR China.
authors.forename: Ronghua
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: College of Natural Resources and Environment, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi Province 712100, PR China. Electronic address: zhangzq58@126.com.
authors.forename: Zengqiang
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Zhang
mesh_terms: D000393:Air Pollutants / Q000032:analysis*; D000641:Ammonia / Q000032:analysis; D002244:Carbon / Q000032:analysis*; D002245:Carbon Dioxide / Q000032:analysis; D002606:Charcoal / Q000737:chemistry*; D005740:Gases / Q000032:analysis*; D006812:Humic Substances / Q000032:analysis; D006863:Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; D008697:Methane / Q000032:analysis; D009584:Nitrogen / Q000032:analysis*; D009609:Nitrous Oxide / Q000032:analysis; D010088:Oxidoreductases / Q000378:metabolism; D025341:Principal Component Analysis; D012722:Sewage / Q000737:chemistry*; D012987:Soil / Q000737:chemistry*; D013696:Temperature
chemical_list: D000393:Air Pollutants; D005740:Gases; D006812:Humic Substances; D012722:Sewage; D012987:Soil; C540010:biochar; D002245:Carbon Dioxide; D002606:Charcoal; D002244:Carbon; D000641:Ammonia; D010088:Oxidoreductases; D009609:Nitrous Oxide; D009584:Nitrogen; D008697:Methane
keywords: Biochar; Greenhouse gas; Nitrogen losses; Sewage sludge; Wheat straw