title: [ANMCO Position paper: Recommendations for the follow-up of patients with pulmonary thromboembolism].
abstract: Venous thromboembolism (VTE), including deep venous thrombosis and pulmonary embolism, is the third most common cause of cardiovascular death. The management of the acute phase of VTE is well described in several papers and guidelines, whereas the management of the follow-up of the patients affected from VTE is less defined. This position paper of the Italian Association of Hospital Cardiologists (ANMCO) tries to fill the gap using currently available evidence and the opinion of the experts to suggest the most useful way to manage patients in the chronic phase.The clinical and laboratory tests acquired during the acute phase of the disease drives the decision of the following period. Acquired or congenital thrombophilic factors may be identified to explain an apparently not provoked VTE. In some patients, a not yet clinically evident cancer could be the trigger of VTE and this could lead to a different strategy. The main target of the post-acute management is to prevent relapse of the disease and to identify those patients who could worsen or develop chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension. The knowledge of the etiopathogenetic ground is important to address the therapeutic approach, choosing the best antithrombotic strategy and deciding how long therapy should last. During the follow-up period, prognostic stratification should be updated on the basis of new evidences eventually acquired.Treatment of VTE is mainly based on oral or parenteral anticoagulation. Oral direct inhibitors of coagulation represent an interesting new therapy for the acute and extended period of treatment.
authors.affiliation: U.O.C. Cardiologia Ospedaliera, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria Policlinico, Bari.
authors.forename: Carlo
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: D'Agostino
authors.affiliation: U.O.C. Cardiologia, Presidio Ospedaliero, Rovigo.
authors.forename: Pietro
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Zonzin
authors.affiliation: U.O.C. Medicina d'Urgenza, A.O.R.N. S. Anna e S. Sebastiano, Caserta.
authors.forename: Iolanda
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Enea
authors.affiliation: U.O.C. Cardiologia, Ospedale Garibaldi-Nesima, Azienda Rilievo Nazionale e Alta Specializzazione "Garibaldi", Catania.
authors.forename: Michele Massimo
authors.initials: MM
authors.lastname: Gulizia
authors.affiliation: Dipartimento di Medicina Clinica e Sperimentale, Università dell'Insubria, Varese.
authors.forename: Walter
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Ageno
authors.affiliation: Centro Cardiologico Monzino, IRCCS, Milano.
authors.forename: Piergiuseppe
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Agostoni
authors.affiliation: Servizio di Cardiologia, Ospedale San Carlo di Nancy, Roma.
authors.forename: Michele
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Azzarito
authors.affiliation: Medicina Interna e Vascolare, Azienda Ospedaliera di Perugia, Perugia.
authors.forename: Cecilia
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Becattini
authors.affiliation: U.O.C. Cardiologia, Ospedale San Carlo Borromeo, Milano.
authors.forename: Amedeo
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Bongarzoni
authors.affiliation: U.O.C. Cardiologia-UTIC, Ospedale Di Venere ASL, Bari.
authors.forename: Francesca
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Bux
authors.affiliation: Fondazione Moscati, Buccinasco (MI).
authors.forename: Franco
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Casazza
authors.affiliation: Dipartimento di Scienze Cliniche e di Comunità, Università degli Studi, Milano.
authors.forename: Nicoletta
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Corrieri
authors.affiliation: U.O.C. Cardiologia-SUN, A.O.R.N. dei Colli-A.O. Monaldi, Napoli.
authors.forename: Michele
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: D'Alto
authors.affiliation: U.O.C. Cardiologia-UTIC, Ospedale Di Venere ASL, Bari.
authors.forename: Nicola
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: D'Amato
authors.affiliation: Chirurgia Cardio-Toracica, Università degli Studi, Fondazione IRCSS Policlinico San Matteo, Pavia.
authors.forename: Andrea Maria
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: D'Armini
authors.affiliation: Medicina Interna e Vascolare, Azienda Ospedaliera di Perugia, Perugia.
authors.forename: Maria Grazia
authors.initials: MG
authors.lastname: De Natale
authors.affiliation: Centro per le Coagulopatie, Università degli Studi "Federico II", Napoli.
authors.forename: Giovanni
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Di Minno
authors.affiliation: U.O. Cardiologia Riabilitativa e Preventiva, Ospedale Riabilitativo Alta Specializzazione, Motta di Livenza (TV).
authors.forename: Giuseppe
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Favretto
authors.affiliation: Dipartimento di Scienze Cardiologiche, Toraciche e Vascolari, Università degli Studi, Padova.
authors.forename: Lucia
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Filippi
authors.affiliation: Chirurgia Cardio-Toracica, Università degli Studi, Fondazione IRCSS Policlinico San Matteo, Pavia.
authors.forename: Valentina
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Grazioli
authors.affiliation: Divisione di Angiologia e Malattie della Coagulazione, Policlinico S. Orsola-Malpighi, Università degli Studi, Bologna.
authors.forename: Gualtiero
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Palareti
authors.affiliation: Dipartimento di Scienze Cardiologiche, Toraciche e Vascolari, Università degli Studi, Padova.
authors.forename: Raffaele
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Pesavento
authors.affiliation: U.O.C. Cardiologia, Ospedale S. Maria della Misericordia, Rovigo.
authors.forename: Loris
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Roncon
authors.affiliation: S.C. Cardiologia, Fondazione IRCSS Policlinico San Matteo, Pavia.
authors.forename: Laura
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Scelsi
authors.affiliation: Centro per le Coagulopatie, Università degli Studi "Federico II", Napoli.
authors.forename: Antonella
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Tufano
mesh_terms: D000925:Anticoagulants; D002908:Chronic Disease; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D011655:Pulmonary Embolism / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000628:therapy; D054556:Venous Thromboembolism / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000628:therapy; D020246:Venous Thrombosis
chemical_list: D000925:Anticoagulants