title: Bipolar disorder in the digital age: new tools for the same illness.
abstract: "Nothing is more difficult than to ascertain the length of time that a maniacal patient can exist without sleep."-Dr. Sutherland (Br J Psychiatry 7(37):1-19, 1861). Dr. Sutherland's patient was suffering from an acute manic episode, which today is called bipolar illness. 150 years later, we continue to struggle with the same challenges in ascertaining accurate symptoms from patients. In era of new digital tools, the quantified self-movement, and precision medicine, we can ask the question: Can we advance understanding and treatment for bipolar illness beyond asking the same questions as in 1861?
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, 330 Brookline Ave, Boston, MA, 02446, USA. jtorous@bidmc.harvard.edu.|Division of Clinical Informatics, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA. jtorous@bidmc.harvard.edu.
authors.forename: John
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Torous
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry, Tufts Medical Center, Tufts University, Boston, MA, USA.
authors.forename: Paul
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Summergrad
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry, Tufts Medical Center, Tufts University, Boston, MA, USA.
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Nassir Ghaemi
keywords: Apps; Big data; Bipolar; Nosology; Technology