title: Incidence Rate and Patterns of Physical Restraint Use Among Adult Patients in Malaysia.
abstract: Incidence rate and patterns of physical restraint use were examined based on a cross-sectional study in 22 wards of a large teaching hospital in Malaysia. Results indicated that the highest rate of physical restraint (19.7%) was reported from neurology-neurosurgery wards. "Un-cooperative for electroconvulsive therapy" and "trying to pull out catheters" were the most commonly reported reasons to use restraint in psychiatric and non-psychiatric wards, respectively. There were some relationships between patterns of physical restraint in this study. Exploring the incidence rate and patterns of physical restraint is important so that effective strategies can be formulated to minimize using restraint in hospitals.
authors.affiliation: 1 University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
authors.forename: Fatemeh
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Eskandari
authors.affiliation: 1 University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
authors.forename: Khatijah Lim
authors.initials: KL
authors.lastname: Abdullah
authors.affiliation: 1 University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
authors.forename: Nor Zuraida
authors.initials: NZ
authors.lastname: Zainal
authors.affiliation: 1 University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
authors.forename: Li Ping
authors.initials: LP
authors.lastname: Wong
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001291:Attitude of Health Personnel; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D005260:Female; D006784:Hospitals, Teaching; D006801:Humans; D015994:Incidence; D008296:Malaysia; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009462:Neurology / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D011567:Psychiatric Department, Hospital / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D012149:Restraint, Physical / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires
keywords: incidence rate; nurses; patterns of physical restraint; physical restraint