title: Omitted data in randomized controlled trials for anxiety and depression: A systematic review of the inclusion of sexual orientation and gender identity.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The current study examined the frequency with which randomized controlled trials (RCTs) of behavioral and psychological interventions for anxiety and depression include data pertaining to participant sexual orientation and nonbinary gender identities.
  
  
  METHODS
  Using systematic review methodology, the databases PubMed and PsycINFO were searched to identify RCTs published in 2004, 2009, and 2014. Random selections of 400 articles per database per year (2,400 articles in total) were considered for inclusion in the review. Articles meeting inclusion criteria were read and coded by the research team to identify whether the trial reported data pertaining to participant sexual orientation and nonbinary gender identities. Additional trial characteristics were also identified and indexed in our database (e.g., sample size, funding source).
  
  
  RESULTS
  Of the 232 articles meeting inclusion criteria, only 1 reported participants' sexual orientation, and zero articles included nonbinary gender identities. A total of 52,769 participants were represented in the trials, 93 of which were conducted in the United States, and 43 acknowledged the National Institutes of Health as a source of funding.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Despite known mental health disparities on the basis of sexual orientation and nonbinary gender identification, researchers evaluating interventions for anxiety and depression are not reporting on these important demographic characteristics. Reporting practices must change to ensure that our interventions generalize to lesbian, gay, bisexual, and transgender persons. (PsycINFO Database Record
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychology, Marquette University.
authors.forename: Nicholas C
authors.initials: NC
authors.lastname: Heck
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychology, Marquette University.
authors.forename: Lucas A
authors.initials: LA
authors.lastname: Mirabito
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychology, Marquette University.
authors.forename: Kelly
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: LeMaire
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychology, University of Montana.
authors.forename: Nicholas A
authors.initials: NA
authors.lastname: Livingston
authors.affiliation: Department of Community Health Systems, University of California, San Francisco.
authors.forename: Annesa
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Flentje
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001007:Anxiety / Q000628:therapy*; D003863:Depression / Q000628:therapy*; D005260:Female; D005783:Gender Identity; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D016032:Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic / Q000592:standards*; D012725:Sexual Behavior