title: Patient Blood Management: An International Perspective.
abstract: This article describes practices in patient blood management (PBM) in 4 countries on different continents that may provide insights for anesthesiologists and other physicians working in global settings. The article has its foundation in the proceedings of a session at the 2014 AABB annual meeting during which international experts from England, Uganda, China, and Brazil presented the programs and implementation strategies in PBM developed in their respective countries. To systematize the review and enhance the comparability between these countries on different continents, authors were requested to respond to the same set of 6 key questions with respect to their country's PBM program(s). Considerable variation exists between these country regions that is driven both by differences in health contexts and by disparities in resources. Comparing PBM strategies from low-, middle-, and high-income countries, as described in this article, allows them to learn bidirectionally from one another and to work toward implementing innovative and preferably evidence-based strategies for improvement. Sharing and distributing knowledge from such programs will ultimately also improve transfusion outcomes and patient safety.
authors.affiliation: From the *Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee; †Department of Transfusion Medicine, NHS Blood and Transplant and Oxford University Hospitals, Oxford, United Kingdom; ‡Institute of Blood Transfusion, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Chengdu, Sichuan, China; ‖Department of Cardiology, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil; §Department of Orthopedics, School of Medicine, College of Health Sciences, Makerere University, Kampala, Uganda; ¶IQM Consulting, Zuidhorn, Netherlands; and #Department of Pathology, Stanford University, Stanford, California.
authors.forename: Quentin
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Eichbaum
authors.forename: Michael
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Murphy
authors.forename: Yu
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.forename: Isaac
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Kajja
authors.forename: Ludhmila Abrahao
authors.initials: LA
authors.lastname: Hajjar
authors.forename: Cees Th
authors.initials: CT
authors.lastname: Smit Sibinga
authors.forename: Hua
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Shan
mesh_terms: D016063:Blood Loss, Surgical / Q000517:prevention & control*; D001803:Blood Transfusion / Q000191:economics / Q000639:trends*; D001938:Brazil; D002681:China; D003299:Cooperative Behavior; D003906:Developing Countries / Q000191:economics; D004739:England; D017048:Health Care Costs / Q000639:trends; D019538:Health Care Surveys; D006297:Health Services Accessibility / Q000639:trends; D006301:Health Services Needs and Demand / Q000639:trends; D054625:Healthcare Disparities / Q000191:economics / Q000639:trends*; D006801:Humans; D007391:International Cooperation; D020380:Needs Assessment / Q000639:trends; D061214:Patient Safety; D010818:Practice Patterns, Physicians' / Q000191:economics / Q000639:trends*; D017064:Process Assessment, Health Care / Q000191:economics / Q000639:trends*; D015397:Program Evaluation; D012307:Risk Factors; D013997:Time Factors; D065227:Transfusion Reaction; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D014454:Uganda