title: Subcellular distribution of cyclin-dependent kinase-like 5 (CDKL5) is regulated through phosphorylation by dual specificity tyrosine-phosphorylation-regulated kinase 1A (DYRK1A).
abstract: Cyclin-dependent kinase-like 5 (CDKL5) is a Ser/Thr protein kinase primarily expressed in the central nervous system and is known to cause X-linked neurodevelopmental disorders such as Rett syndrome. However, the mechanisms regulating CDKL5 have not yet been fully clarified. Therefore, in this study, we investigated the protein kinase that directly phosphorylates CDKL5, identifying it as dual specificity tyrosine-phosphorylation-regulated kinase 1A (DYRK1A), an enzyme binding to and phosphorylating CDKL5. We showed that subcellular distribution of CDKL5 was regulated by its phosphorylation by DYRK1A. In mouse neuroblastoma Neuro2a cells, CDKL5 was localized in both the cytosol and nucleus, whereas DYRK1A showed a typical nuclear localization. When CDKL5 and DYRK1A were co-expressed, the cytosolic localization of CDKL5 was significantly increased. Results of site-directed mutagenesis revealed that the phosphorylation site was Ser-308, in the vicinity of the nuclear localization signal. A mutation mimicking the phosphorylated serine residue by aspartate substitution (S308D) changed CDKL5 localization to the cytosol, whereas the corresponding alanine-substituted analog, CDKL5(S308A), was primarily localized to the nucleus. Taken together, these results strongly suggested that DYRK1A bound to CDKL5 and phosphorylated it on Ser-308, thus interfering with its nuclear localization.
authors.affiliation: Department of Life Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, Kagawa University, Kagawa, 761-0795, Japan.
authors.forename: Ami
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Oi
authors.affiliation: Department of Life Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, Kagawa University, Kagawa, 761-0795, Japan; Department of Pharmacy, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ritsumeikan University, Shiga, 525-8577, Japan.
authors.forename: Syouichi
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Katayama
authors.affiliation: The Integrated Center for Mass Spectrometry, Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe University, Kobe, 650-0017, Japan.
authors.forename: Naoya
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Hatano
authors.affiliation: Department of Life Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, Kagawa University, Kagawa, 761-0795, Japan.
authors.forename: Yasunori
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Sugiyama
authors.affiliation: Department of Life Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, Kagawa University, Kagawa, 761-0795, Japan.
authors.forename: Isamu
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Kameshita
authors.affiliation: Department of Life Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, Kagawa University, Kagawa, 761-0795, Japan. Electronic address: sueyoshi@ag.kagawa-u.ac.jp.
authors.forename: Noriyuki
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Sueyoshi
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002460:Cell Line; D004789:Enzyme Activation; D015971:Gene Expression Regulation, Enzymologic / Q000502:physiology; D051379:Mice; D009474:Neurons / Q000201:enzymology* / Q000648:ultrastructure; D010766:Phosphorylation; D017346:Protein Serine-Threonine Kinases / Q000378:metabolism*; D011505:Protein-Tyrosine Kinases / Q000378:metabolism*; D013347:Subcellular Fractions / Q000201:enzymology*; D000097603:Dyrk Kinases
chemical_list: D017346:Protein Serine-Threonine Kinases; D011505:Protein-Tyrosine Kinases; D000097603:Dyrk Kinases; C533690:CDKL5 protein, mouse
keywords: CDKL5; DYRK1A; Down syndrome; Protein phosphorylation; Rett syndrome