title: Development of PLGA-lipid nanoparticles with covalently conjugated indocyanine green as a versatile nanoplatform for tumor-targeted imaging and drug delivery.
abstract: We have prepared novel poly(d,l-lactide-co-glycolide) (PLGA) lipid nanoparticles (PNPs) that covalently conjugate folic acid (FA) and indocyanine green (ICG), in addition to encapsulating resveratrol (RSV) (FA-RSV/ICG-PLGA-lipid NPs, abbreviated as FA-RIPNPs); these nanoparticles have been developed for simultaneous targeted delivery of anticancer drug and fluorescence imaging. The FA-RIPNPs, with an average particle size of 92.8±2.1 nm, were prepared by a facile self-assembly-and-nanoprecipitation method, and they showed excellent stability and biocompatibility characteristics. The FA-RIPNPs exhibited an RSV encapsulation efficiency of approximately 65.6%±4.7% and a maximum release ratio of 78.2%±4.1% at pH 5.0 and 37°C. Confocal fluorescence images showed that FA-RIPNPs may facilitate a high cellular uptake via FA receptor-mediated endocytosis. Furthermore, FA-RIPNPs (containing 50 μg/mL RSV) induced a 81.4%±2.1% U87 cell inhibition rate via apoptosis, a value that proved to be higher than what has been shown for free RSV (53.1%±1.1%, equivalent RSV concentration). With a formulated polyethylene glycol (PEG) shell around the PLGA core, FA-RIPNPs prolonged the blood circulation of both free RSV and ICG, which approximately increased 6.96- and 39.4-fold (t1/2), respectively. Regarding FA-RIPNP use as a near-infrared probe, in vivo fluorescence images indicated a highly efficient accumulation of FA-RIPNPs in the tumor tissue, which proved to be approximately 2.8- and 12.6-fold higher than the RIPNPs and free ICG, respectively. Intravenous injection of FA-RIPNPs into U87 tumor-bearing mice demonstrated the best tumor inhibition effect for all tested drugs, including free RSV and RIPNPs, with no relapse, showing high biocompatibility and with no significant systemic in vivo toxicity over the course of the treatment (1 month). The results obtained demonstrate the versatility of the NPs, featuring stable fluorescence and tumor-targeting characteristics, with promising future applications in cancer therapy.
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurosurgery, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Yu
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Xin
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurosurgery, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Tie
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurosurgery, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Chenlong
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Yang
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D045744:Cell Line, Tumor; D004337:Drug Carriers / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000378:metabolism; D004705:Endocytosis; D005260:Female; D005492:Folic Acid / Q000737:chemistry; D006801:Humans; D007208:Indocyanine Green / Q000737:chemistry*; D019344:Lactic Acid / Q000737:chemistry*; D051379:Mice; D057054:Molecular Imaging / Q000379:methods*; D050997:Nanomedicine; D053758:Nanoparticles / Q000737:chemistry*; D010316:Particle Size; D011092:Polyethylene Glycols / Q000737:chemistry; D011100:Polyglycolic Acid / Q000737:chemistry*; D000077182:Polylactic Acid-Polyglycolic Acid Copolymer; D000077185:Resveratrol; D013267:Stilbenes / Q000737:chemistry
chemical_list: D004337:Drug Carriers; D013267:Stilbenes; D000077182:Polylactic Acid-Polyglycolic Acid Copolymer; D011100:Polyglycolic Acid; D019344:Lactic Acid; D011092:Polyethylene Glycols; D005492:Folic Acid; D007208:Indocyanine Green; D000077185:Resveratrol
keywords: drug delivery; fluorescence imaging; indocyanine green; near-infrared nanoprobe; resveratrol; tumor targeting