title: Impact of childhood asthma on growth trajectories in early adolescence: Findings from the Childhood Asthma Prevention Study (CAPS).
abstract: Understanding the associations between childhood asthma and growth in early adolescence by accounting for the heterogeneity of growth during puberty has been largely unexplored. The objective was to identify sex-specific classes of growth trajectories during early adolescence, using a method which takes the heterogeneity of growth into account and to evaluate the association between childhood asthma and different classes of growth trajectories in adolescence.
  
  
  
  Our longitudinal study included participants with a family history of asthma born during 1997-1999 in Sydney, Australia. Hence, all participants were at high risk for asthma. Asthma status was ascertained at 8 years of age using data from questionnaires and lung function tests. Growth trajectories between 11 and 14 years of age were classified using a latent basis growth mixture model. Multinomial regression analyses were used to evaluate the association between asthma and the categorized classes of growth trajectories.
  
  
  
  In total, 316 participants (51.6% boys), representing 51.3% of the entire cohort, were included. Sex-specific classes of growth trajectories were defined. Among boys, asthma was not associated with the classes of growth trajectories. Girls with asthma were more likely than girls without asthma to belong to a class with later growth (OR: 3.79, 95% CI: 1.33, 10.84). Excluding participants using inhaled corticosteroids or adjusting for confounders did not significantly change the results for either sex.
  
  
  
  We identified sex-specific heterogeneous classes of growth using growth mixture modelling. Associations between childhood asthma and different classes of growth trajectories were found for girls only.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden.|Woolcock Institute of Medical Research, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.
authors.forename: Maria
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Movin
authors.affiliation: Ingham Institute for Applied Medical Research, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.|South Western Sydney Clinical School, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.
authors.forename: Frances L
authors.initials: FL
authors.lastname: Garden
authors.affiliation: Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden.|Centre for Allergy Research, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden.|Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden.
authors.forename: Jennifer L P
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: Protudjer
authors.affiliation: Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden.
authors.forename: Vilhelmina
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Ullemar
authors.affiliation: Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden.
authors.forename: Frida
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Svensdotter
authors.affiliation: Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden.
authors.forename: David
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Andersson
authors.affiliation: Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden.
authors.forename: Andreas
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Kruse
authors.affiliation: Woolcock Institute of Medical Research, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.|The Children's Hospital at Westmead Clinical School, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.
authors.forename: Chris T
authors.initials: CT
authors.lastname: Cowell
authors.affiliation: Woolcock Institute of Medical Research, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.|Sydney Local Health District, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.
authors.forename: Brett G
authors.initials: BG
authors.lastname: Toelle
authors.affiliation: Woolcock Institute of Medical Research, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.|Ingham Institute for Applied Medical Research, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.|South Western Sydney Clinical School, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.
authors.forename: Guy B
authors.initials: GB
authors.lastname: Marks
authors.affiliation: Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden.|Centre for Allergy Research, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden.|Astrid Lindgren Children's Hospital, Lung and Allergy Unit, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden.
authors.forename: Catarina
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Almqvist
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D001249:Asthma / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000503:physiopathology*; D001315:Australia; D001827:Body Height; D002648:Child; D002657:Child Development; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008137:Longitudinal Studies; D008297:Male; D008954:Models, Biological; D011627:Puberty; D012129:Respiratory Function Tests; D012737:Sex Factors; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires
keywords: adolescent; growth and development; growth charts; puberty; sex