title: Tumor-targeted nanomedicines for cancer theranostics.
abstract: Chemotherapeutic drugs have multiple drawbacks, including severe side effects and suboptimal therapeutic efficacy. Nanomedicines assist in improving the biodistribution and target accumulation of chemotherapeutic drugs, and are therefore able to enhance the balance between efficacy and toxicity. Multiple types of nanomedicines have been evaluated over the years, including liposomes, polymer-drug conjugates and polymeric micelles, which rely on strategies such as passive targeting, active targeting and triggered release for improved tumor-directed drug delivery. Based on the notion that tumors and metastases are highly heterogeneous, it is important to integrate imaging properties in nanomedicine formulations in order to enable non-invasive and quantitative assessment of targeting efficiency. By allowing for patient pre-selection, such next generation nanotheranostics are useful for facilitating clinical translation and personalizing nanomedicine treatments.
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemical Engineering, Delft University of Technology, 2628BL Delft, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Alexandra G
authors.initials: AG
authors.lastname: Arranja
authors.affiliation: Department of Nanomedicines and Theranostics, Institute for Experimental Molecular Imaging (ExMI), RWTH Aachen University Clinic, 52074 Aachen, Germany.
authors.forename: Vertika
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Pathak
authors.affiliation: Department of Nanomedicines and Theranostics, Institute for Experimental Molecular Imaging (ExMI), RWTH Aachen University Clinic, 52074 Aachen, Germany.|Department of Targeted Therapeutics, MIRA Institute for Biomedical Technology and Technical Medicine, University of Twente, 7500 AE Enschede, The Netherlands.|Department of Pharmaceutics, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences (UIPS), Utrecht University, 3584 CG Utrecht, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Twan
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Lammers
authors.affiliation: Department of Nanomedicines and Theranostics, Institute for Experimental Molecular Imaging (ExMI), RWTH Aachen University Clinic, 52074 Aachen, Germany.
authors.forename: Yang
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Shi
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000970:Antineoplastic Agents / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology* / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D016503:Drug Delivery Systems / Q000379:methods; D006801:Humans; D050997:Nanomedicine / Q000379:methods; D053758:Nanoparticles / Q000737:chemistry*; D009369:Neoplasms / Q000188:drug therapy*; D004364:Pharmaceutical Preparations / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000737:chemistry; D000068936:Theranostic Nanomedicine / Q000379:methods
chemical_list: D000970:Antineoplastic Agents; D004364:Pharmaceutical Preparations
keywords: Clinical translation; Imaging; Nanomedicine; Theranostics; Tumor targeting