title: Evaluation of coarse and fine particles in diverse Indian environments.
abstract: The estimates of airborne fine particle (PM2.5) concentrations are possible through rigorous empirical correlations based on the monitored PM10data. However, such correlations change depending on the nature of sources in diverse ambient environments and, therefore, have to be environment specific. Studies presenting such correlations are limited but needed, especially for those areas, where PM2.5is not routinely monitored. Moreover, there are a number of studies focusing on urban environments but very limited for coal mines and coastal areas. The aim of this study is to comprehensively analyze the concentrations of both PM10and PM2.5and develop empirical correlations between them. Data from 26 different sites spread over three distinct environments, which are a relatively clean coastal area, two coal mining areas, and a highly urbanized area in Delhi were used for the study. Distributions of PM in the 0.43-10-μm size range were measured using eight-stage cascade impactors. Regression analysis was used to estimate the percentage of PM2.5in PM10across distinct environments for source identification. Relatively low percentage of PM2.5concentrations (21, 28, and 32%) in PM10were found in clean coastal and two mining areas, respectively. Percentage of PM2.5concentrations in PM10in the highly urbanized area of Delhi was 51%, indicating a presence of a much higher percentage of fine particles due to vehicular combustion in Delhi. The findings of this work are important in estimating concentrations of much harmful fine particles from coarse particles across distinct environments. The results are also useful in source identification of particulates as differences in the percentage of PM2.5concentrations in PM10can be attributed to characteristics of sources in the diverse ambient environments.
authors.affiliation: Air Pollution Control Division, National Environmental Engineering Research Institute, Nagpur, 440020, India. kv_george@neeri.res.in.
authors.forename: K V
authors.identifier: http://orcid.org/0000-0001-8168-8916
authors.initials: KV
authors.lastname: George
authors.affiliation: Environmental Manager, Aditya Birla Group, Jafarabad, Gujarat, 365540, India.
authors.forename: Dinakar D
authors.initials: DD
authors.lastname: Patil
authors.affiliation: Air Pollution Control Division, National Environmental Engineering Research Institute, Nagpur, 440020, India.
authors.forename: Mulukutla N V
authors.initials: MN
authors.lastname: Anil
authors.affiliation: Air Pollution Control Division, National Environmental Engineering Research Institute, Nagpur, 440020, India.
authors.forename: Neel
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Kamal
authors.affiliation: Department of Civil Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology, Delhi, 110016, India.
authors.forename: Babu J
authors.initials: BJ
authors.lastname: Alappat
authors.affiliation: Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Physical Sciences, University of Surrey, GU2 7XH, Guildford, U.K.|Environmental Flow (EnFlo) Research Centre, Faculty of Engineering and Physical Sciences, University of Surrey, GU2 7XH, Guildford, U.K.
authors.forename: Prashant
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Kumar
mesh_terms: D000393:Air Pollutants / Q000032:analysis*; D004784:Environmental Monitoring / Q000379:methods; D007194:India; D008906:Mining; D010316:Particle Size; D052638:Particulate Matter / Q000032:analysis*; D012044:Regression Analysis
chemical_list: D000393:Air Pollutants; D052638:Particulate Matter
keywords: Cascade impactor; Coal mining; Exposure risks; PM10; PM2.5; Urban areas