title: A comparison of King Vision video laryngoscopy and direct laryngoscopy as performed by residents: a randomized controlled trial.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  For more than 40 years, direct laryngoscopy (DL) has been used to assure the airway during endotracheal intubation. The King Vision video laryngoscope is one of the latest devices introduced for endotracheal intubation. We hypothesize that, relative to direct laryngoscopy, it improves the intubation success rate with fewer intubation attempts and no difference in intubation time or complications.
  
  
  METHODS
  This randomized controlled clinical trial included.
  
  
  METHODS
  The operating room and postanesthesia care unit of an academic hospital.
  
  
  METHODS
  Eighty-eight patients with American Society of Anesthesiologists status I to II and aged ≥18 years who were scheduled for elective surgery under general anesthesia and had no predictors of difficult airway. Patients were randomized (44 per group) to undergo intubation using either DL or King Vision video laryngoscopy (KVVL) performed by first year residents in anesthesia and intensive care.
  
  
  METHODS
  During endotracheal intubation by residents, measurements were success rate, number of attempts, time to intubation, visualization of the glottis, and presence of complications.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Both groups had a 100% success rate. A greater frequency of grade 1 laryngoscopy was reported with KVVL (86.4%) relative to DL (59.1%) (P < .05). There were no differences in time to intubation or the number of attempts between the groups (P = .75 and P = .91, respectively). Complications after intubation were low and included oral trauma, esophageal intubation, and sore throat.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The use of KVVL by residents with less than 1 year of training (considered nonexperts) significantly improves visualization of the glottis in patients without predictors of difficult airway. The incidence of complications was too low to draw conclusions.
authors.affiliation: Department of Anesthesiology, Hospital Fundación Santa Fe de Bogotá, Carrera 7 No. 117-15, Bogotá, Colombia.
authors.forename: Jose A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Valencia
authors.affiliation: Department of Anesthesiology, Hospital Fundación Santa Fe de Bogotá, Carrera 7 No. 117-15, Bogotá, Colombia.
authors.forename: Katherine
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Pimienta
authors.affiliation: Department of Anesthesiology, Hospital Fundación Santa Fe de Bogotá, Carrera 7 No. 117-15, Bogotá, Colombia.
authors.forename: Darwin
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Cohen
authors.affiliation: Department of Anesthesiology, Hospital Fundación Santa Fe de Bogotá, Carrera 7 No. 117-15, Bogotá, Colombia.
authors.forename: Daniel
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Benitez
authors.affiliation: Department of Anesthesiology, Hospital Fundación Santa Fe de Bogotá, Carrera 7 No. 117-15, Bogotá, Colombia.
authors.forename: David
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Romero
authors.affiliation: Department of Anesthesiology, Hospital Fundación Santa Fe de Bogotá, Carrera 7 No. 117-15, Bogotá, Colombia.
authors.forename: Oswaldo
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Amaya
authors.affiliation: Department of Anesthesiology, Hospital Fundación Santa Fe de Bogotá, Carrera 7 No. 117-15, Bogotá, Colombia. Electronic address: anestesia@fsfb.org.co.
authors.forename: Enrique
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Arango
mesh_terms: D004867:Equipment Design; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007396:Internship and Residency; D007828:Laryngoscopy / Q000295:instrumentation* / Q000379:methods*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D016037:Single-Blind Method; D014741:Video Recording
keywords: Airway; Direct laryngoscopy; Education; Endotracheal intubation; Video laryngoscopy