title: Single-arm trial of the second version of an acceptance & commitment therapy smartphone application for smoking cessation.
abstract: The first randomized trial of a smartphone application (app) for adult smoking cessation (SmartQuit 1.0) revealed key features that predict cessation. These findings guided the revision of this Acceptance & Commitment Therapy (ACT)-based application (SmartQuit 2.0), which was primarily tested to examine participant receptivity, short-term cessation and reduction, and the relationship between program completion, smoking cessation and reduction. Secondarily, outcomes were descriptively compared with the SmartQuit1.0 trial.
  
  
  
  Adult participants (78% female, 25% with high school or less education, 30% unemployed) were recruited into the single-arm pilot trial (N=99) of SmartQuit 2.0 with a two-month follow-up (85% retention).
  
  
  
  Regarding receptivity, 84% of participants were satisfied with SmartQuit 2.0 (vs. 59% for SmartQuit1.0), 73% would recommend it to a friend (vs. 48% for SmartQuit1.0), 81% found the ACT exercises useful for quitting (vs. 44% for SmartQuit1.0). At the 2-month follow-up, the quit rates were 21% for 7-day point prevalence (vs. 23% for SmartQuit1.0), 11% for 30-day point prevalence (vs. 13% for SmartQuit1.0), and 75% of participants reduced their smoking frequency (vs. 57% for SmartQuit1.0). Among program completers (24% of total sample), the quit rates were 33% for 7-day point prevalence, 28% for 30-day point prevalence, and 88% of participants reduced their smoking frequency.
  
  
  
  The revised app had high user receptivity, modest quit rates, and high smoking reduction rates. Program completion may be key to boosting the app's effectiveness.
authors.affiliation: Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Division of Public Health Sciences, 1100 Fairview Avenue N., Seattle, WA 98109, USA; University of Washington, Department of Psychology, Box 351525, Seattle, WA 98195, USA. Electronic address: jbricker@fhcrc.org.
authors.forename: Jonathan B
authors.initials: JB
authors.lastname: Bricker
authors.affiliation: Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Division of Public Health Sciences, 1100 Fairview Avenue N., Seattle, WA 98109, USA.
authors.forename: Wade
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Copeland
authors.affiliation: Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Division of Public Health Sciences, 1100 Fairview Avenue N., Seattle, WA 98109, USA.
authors.forename: Kristin E
authors.initials: KE
authors.lastname: Mull
authors.affiliation: Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Division of Public Health Sciences, 1100 Fairview Avenue N., Seattle, WA 98109, USA.
authors.forename: Emily Y
authors.initials: EY
authors.lastname: Zeng
authors.affiliation: Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Division of Public Health Sciences, 1100 Fairview Avenue N., Seattle, WA 98109, USA.
authors.forename: Noreen L
authors.initials: NL
authors.lastname: Watson
authors.affiliation: Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Division of Public Health Sciences, 1100 Fairview Avenue N., Seattle, WA 98109, USA.
authors.forename: Katrina J
authors.initials: KJ
authors.lastname: Akioka
authors.affiliation: Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Division of Public Health Sciences, 1100 Fairview Avenue N., Seattle, WA 98109, USA.
authors.forename: Jaimee L
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: Heffner
mesh_terms: D064869:Acceptance and Commitment Therapy / Q000379:methods*; D000328:Adult; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D000068997:Smartphone; D012907:Smoking / Q000523:psychology / Q000628:therapy*; D016540:Smoking Cessation / Q000379:methods* / Q000523:psychology; D016896:Treatment Outcome
keywords: Acceptance; Mindfulness; Nicotine dependence; Smartphone; Smoking cessation; mHealth