title: Analysis of chemical constituents, antimicrobial and anticancer activities of dichloromethane extracts of Sordariomycetes sp. endophytic fungi isolated from Strobilanthes crispus.
abstract: Plants are primary source of natural product drugs. However, with every new bioactive molecule reported from a plant source, there follows reports of endangered status or even extinction of a medicinally important plant due to over-harvesting. Hence, the attention turned towards fungi namely the endophytes, which reside within medicinally important plants and thus may have acquired their medicinal properties. Strobilanthes crispus is a traditional medicinal plant which has been used traditionally to treat kidney stones, diabetes, hypertension and cancer as well as having antimicrobial activities. In our efforts to bioprospect for anticancer and antimicrobial metabolites, two fungal endophytes most closely related to the Sordariomycetes sp. showed promising results. Sample (PDA)BL3 showed highest significant antimicrobial activity against 6 bacteria at 200 µg/disc whereas sample (PDA)BL5 has highest significant anticancer activity against all 5 cancer cell lines at concentrations ranging from 30 to 300 μg/ml. As for the gas chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry (GC-MS) results, a total of 20 volatile metabolites identified from sample (PDA)BL3 and 21 volatile metabolites identified from sample (PDA)BL5 having more than 1% abundance. Both GC-MS analysis showed that compound Pyrrolo[1,2-a]pyrazine-1,4-dione, hexahydro-3-(2-methylpropyl) has the highest abundance at 15.10% abundance for sample (PDA)BL3 and 19.00% abundance for sample (PDA)BL5 respectively. In conclusion, these results have shown bio-prospecting potential of endophytic fungi having antimicrobial and anticancer activities as well as its potential secondary metabolites of interest. Therefore, this work has further indicated the medicinal and industrial potential of endophytic fungi.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biomedical Science, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400, Serdang, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia.
authors.forename: Elaine Chin
authors.initials: EC
authors.lastname: Jinfeng
authors.affiliation: School of Chemistry and Food Technology, Faculty of Science and Technology, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 43600, Serdang, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia.
authors.forename: Mohamed Ikhtifar
authors.initials: MI
authors.lastname: Mohamad Rafi
authors.affiliation: Department of Biomedical Science, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400, Serdang, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia.
authors.forename: Khoo
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Chai Hoon
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400, Serdang, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia.
authors.forename: Ho
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Kok Lian
authors.affiliation: Department of Biomedical Science, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400, Serdang, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia. ykcheah@upm.edu.my.
authors.forename: Cheah
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Yoke Kqueen
mesh_terms: D000072283:A549 Cells; D000890:Anti-Infective Agents / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology; D000970:Antineoplastic Agents / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology; D045744:Cell Line, Tumor; D049109:Cell Proliferation / Q000187:drug effects; D002470:Cell Survival / Q000187:drug effects; D060026:Endophytes / Q000737:chemistry / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D008401:Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry; D019073:HT29 Cells; D056945:Hep G2 Cells; D006801:Humans; D061986:MCF-7 Cells; D008752:Methylene Chloride / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000494:pharmacology*; D008826:Microbial Sensitivity Tests; D010946:Plants, Medicinal / Q000382:microbiology*; D004718:Saccharomycetales / Q000737:chemistry / Q000302:isolation & purification*
chemical_list: D000890:Anti-Infective Agents; D000970:Antineoplastic Agents; D008752:Methylene Chloride
keywords: Anticancer activity; Antimicrobial activity; Endophytic fungi; GC–MS; Sordariomycetes sp.; Strobilanthes crispus