title: Both JrWRKY2 and JrWRKY7 of Juglans regia mediate responses to abiotic stresses and abscisic acid through formation of homodimers and interaction.
abstract: WRKY transcription factors belong to a large protein family that is involved in diverse developmental processes and abiotic stress responses. Currently, there is little understanding of the role of WRKY transcription factors in regulatory mechanisms in plants, especially in the protein-protein interactions that are essential for biological regulatory functions and networks. In the present study, yeast one-hybrid, yeast two-hybrid, transient expression and quantitative RT-PCR were applied to investigate the potential characteristics of two WRKY proteins from Juglans regia, JrWRKY2 (GenBank Accession No. KU057089) and JrWRKY7 (GenBank Accession No. KP784651). JrWRKY2 and JrWRKY7 can form homodimers and interact with each other. JrWRKY2 and JrWRKY7 can bind to W-box motifs. Similarly high levels of transcription were found for JrWRKY2 and JrWRKY7 under NaCl and polyethylene glycol (PEG) stresses, as well as at different developmental stages, e.g., the pistil or terminal leaf. JrWRKY2 and JrWRKY7 were transiently overexpressed in an independent manner in the terminal leaf. Analyses of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and peroxidase (POD) activities, proline and malondialdehyde (MDA) contents, and electrolyte leakage rate showed that JrWRKY2 and JrWRKY7 overexpression improved plant tolerance to NaCl, PEG, abscisic acid, and cold stress. Additionally, JrWRKY2 and JrWRKY7 overexpression elevated transcription of SOD, POD, glutathione peroxidase (GPX), catalase (CAT), ascorbate peroxidase (APX), and MYB genes, but downregulated the expression of NAC. Overall, the results demonstrate that JrWRKY2 and JrWRKY7 are dimeric proteins that can form functional homodimers and interact with each other and that they are involved in abiotic stress responses.
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Walnut Research Center, College of Forestry, Northwest A & F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China.
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.affiliation: Agronomy College, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing, China.
authors.forename: W
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Walnut Research Center, College of Forestry, Northwest A & F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China.
authors.forename: Z
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Walnut Research Center, College of Forestry, Northwest A & F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China.
authors.forename: A-Y
authors.initials: AY
authors.lastname: Yi-Maer
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Walnut Research Center, College of Forestry, Northwest A & F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Zhai
authors.affiliation: College of Life Science and Technology, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha, Hunan, China.
authors.forename: Z
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Xu
mesh_terms: D000040:Abscisic Acid / Q000378:metabolism*; D060387:Ascorbate Peroxidases / Q000378:metabolism; D002374:Catalase / Q000378:metabolism; D019281:Dimerization; D018506:Gene Expression Regulation, Plant; D005979:Glutathione Peroxidase / Q000378:metabolism; D031324:Juglans / Q000187:drug effects / Q000235:genetics* / Q000502:physiology; D008315:Malondialdehyde / Q000378:metabolism; D009195:Peroxidase / Q000378:metabolism; D010937:Plant Growth Regulators / Q000378:metabolism*; D018515:Plant Leaves / Q000187:drug effects / Q000235:genetics / Q000502:physiology; D010940:Plant Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D030821:Plants, Genetically Modified; D011392:Proline / Q000378:metabolism; D012965:Sodium Chloride / Q000494:pharmacology*; D013312:Stress, Physiological; D013482:Superoxide Dismutase / Q000378:metabolism; D014157:Transcription Factors / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D010937:Plant Growth Regulators; D010940:Plant Proteins; D014157:Transcription Factors; D012965:Sodium Chloride; D008315:Malondialdehyde; D000040:Abscisic Acid; D011392:Proline; D060387:Ascorbate Peroxidases; D002374:Catalase; D009195:Peroxidase; D005979:Glutathione Peroxidase; D013482:Superoxide Dismutase
keywords: 
  Juglans regia
  ; Abiotic stress response; WRKY proteins; homodimer