title: Microfluidic manufacturing of phospholipid nanoparticles: Stability, encapsulation efficacy, and drug release.
abstract: Liposomes have been the centre of attention in research due to their potential to act as drug delivery systems. Although its versatility and manufacturing processes are still not scalable and reproducible. In this study, the microfluidic method for liposomes preparation is presented. DMPC and DSPC liposomes containing two different lipid/cholesterol ratios (1:1 and 2:1) are prepared. Results from this preparation process were compared with the film hydration method in order to understand benefits and drawbacks of microfluidics. Liposomes characterisation was evaluated through stability studies, encapsulation efficacy and drug release profiles of hydrophilic and lipophilic compounds. Stability tests were performed during 3 weeks and the liposomes properties of the most stable formulations were determined using Infrared Microscopy and Atomic Force Microscopy. Microfluidic allows loading of drugs and assembly in a quick single step and the chosen flow ratio for liposomes formulation plays a fundamental role for particle sizes. One hydrophilic and one lipophilic compounds were incorporated showing how formulation and physic-chemical characteristics can influence the drug release profile.
authors.affiliation: Strathclyde Institute of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences (SIPBS), University of Strathclyde, 161 Cathedral Street, G4 0RE Glasgow, United Kingdom.
authors.forename: Mariana
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Guimarães Sá Correia
authors.affiliation: National EPSRC Centre for Innovative Manufacturing in Continuous Manufacturing and Crystallisation (CMAC), University of Strathclyde, Technology and Innovation Centre, 99 George Street, G1 1RD Glasgow, United Kingdom.
authors.forename: Maria L
authors.initials: ML
authors.lastname: Briuglia
authors.affiliation: School of Chemistry, Trinity College Dublin, Ireland Centre for Research on Adaptive Nanostructures and Nanodevices (CRANN), College Green, Dublin 2, Ireland.
authors.forename: Fabio
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Niosi
authors.affiliation: Strathclyde Institute of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences (SIPBS), University of Strathclyde, 161 Cathedral Street, G4 0RE Glasgow, United Kingdom; National EPSRC Centre for Innovative Manufacturing in Continuous Manufacturing and Crystallisation (CMAC), University of Strathclyde, Technology and Innovation Centre, 99 George Street, G1 1RD Glasgow, United Kingdom. Electronic address: d.lamprou@kent.ac.uk.
authors.forename: Dimitrios A
authors.initials: DA
authors.lastname: Lamprou
mesh_terms: D002626:Chemistry, Pharmaceutical / Q000379:methods; D004134:Dimyristoylphosphatidylcholine / Q000737:chemistry; D004337:Drug Carriers / Q000737:chemistry; D016503:Drug Delivery Systems; D065546:Drug Liberation; D004355:Drug Stability; D057927:Hydrophobic and Hydrophilic Interactions; D008081:Liposomes; D044085:Microfluidics / Q000379:methods*; D008853:Microscopy / Q000379:methods; D018625:Microscopy, Atomic Force; D053758:Nanoparticles; D010713:Phosphatidylcholines / Q000737:chemistry; D010743:Phospholipids / Q000737:chemistry*
chemical_list: D004337:Drug Carriers; D008081:Liposomes; D010713:Phosphatidylcholines; D010743:Phospholipids; C010942:1,2-distearoyllecithin; D004134:Dimyristoylphosphatidylcholine
keywords: Controlled release; Encapsulation efficacy; Liposomes; Microfluidics