title: Spawning in a cold bath: reproduction of polar and deep-sea fish family Psychrolutidae.
abstract: This study describes the spawning of the fatheads Psychrolutes marmoratus and Cottunculus granulosus, two psychrolutid species that inhabit the shelf edge and continental slope of the south-west Atlantic. Females lay large eggs of c. 2·5 mm (P. marmoratus) and 4·5-5·0 mm (C. granulosus); fecundity is from the hundreds (C. granulosus) to a few thousand eggs (P. marmoratus). Egg maturation is synchronous in P. marmoratus with an autumn-winter peak of spawning and group-synchronous in C. granulosus, which reproduces all year round. In the fishery, females predominate among adult fish in both species, possibly indicating male nest guarding on hard grounds inaccessible to fishing vessels. The reproductive strategy of representatives of the Psychrolutidae is similar to that of other sculpins of the superfamily Cottoidea.
authors.affiliation: Centre for Environment, Fisheries and Aquaculture Science (Cefas), Pakefield Road, Lowestoft, NR33 0HT, U.K.
authors.forename: V
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Laptikhovsky
authors.affiliation: Falkland Islands Government, Directorate of Natural Resources, Fisheries Department, Stanley, FIQQ 1ZZ, Falkland Islands.
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Reid
authors.affiliation: South Atlantic Environment Research Institute, Stanley Cottage, Stanley, FIQQ 1ZZ, Falkland Islands.|School of Biological Sciences (Zoology), University of Aberdeen, Tillydrone Avenue, Aberdeen, AB24 2TZ, U.K.
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Brickle
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D003080:Cold Temperature; D005260:Female; D005298:Fertility; D005399:Fishes / Q000502:physiology*; D008297:Male; D009792:Oceans and Seas; D010063:Ovum / Q000166:cytology / Q000502:physiology; D012098:Reproduction
keywords: Cottoidea; Cottunculus granulosus; Psychrolutes marmoratus; South Atlantic; fecundity; maturation