title: The Strengthening Effect of Electrical Stimulation on Lumbar Paraspinal Muscles in the Sitting Position: A Randomized Controlled Trial.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Sedentary lifestyle, a prevalent finding in modern society, can lead to weakness of the lumbar trunk musculature. Electrical stimulation (ES), in addition to lumbar strengthening exercises, has been shown to increase muscle strength.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To assess the strengthening effect of ES on the lumbar paraspinal muscles during prolonged sitting.
  
  
  METHODS
  Randomized, controlled, single-blind study.
  
  
  METHODS
  Tertiary hospital.
  
  
  METHODS
  Thirty healthy subjects without low back pain.
  
  
  METHODS
  Thirty participants were randomly assigned to the ES group (n = 15) or the control group (n = 15). ES was administered over the lumbar paraspinal muscles, while subjects maintained a seated posture, at a maximal tolerable intensity for 60 minutes per day, three times per week, for 4 consecutive weeks. An identical protocol was used in the control group with muscle stimulation provided at the minimal sensory threshold intensity.
  
  
  METHODS
  The isokinetic strength of the lumbar paraspinal muscles was evaluated at baseline, 4 weeks after the initiation of ES, and 8 weeks after the initiation of ES with an isokinetic dynamometer (Biodex Medical Dynamometer System-4) at 60°/s and 120°/s angular velocities.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The extension and flexion peak torque at 60°/s showed no significant interaction between the time and intervention or between the interventions. However, after 4 weeks of ES in the sitting position, the isokinetic extensor trunk muscle strength measured at 120°/s angular velocity significantly increased in the ES group (P < .05) compared with that in the control group. This effect was not maintained when measured at 4 weeks after the cessation of ES.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  ES in a sitting position is a potentially effective and accessible rehabilitation treatment, which can lead to short-term improvement in the extensor trunk muscle strength of the lumbar paraspinal muscles.
  
  
  METHODS
  I.
authors.affiliation: Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea(∗).
authors.forename: Young-Ah
authors.initials: YA
authors.lastname: Choi
authors.affiliation: Department of Physical Medicine & Rehabilitation, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul National University Boramae Medical Center, 20, Boramae-ro 5-gil, Dongjak-gu, Seoul 07061, Republic of Korea(†). Electronic address: ShiUk.Lee@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Shi-Uk
authors.initials: SU
authors.lastname: Lee
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D004599:Electric Stimulation Therapy / Q000379:methods*; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D064368:Healthy Volunteers; D006801:Humans; D008159:Lumbar Vertebrae; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D053580:Muscle Strength / Q000502:physiology*; D010147:Pain Measurement; D064170:Paraspinal Muscles / Q000503:physiopathology*; D011187:Posture; D016037:Single-Blind Method; D018709:Statistics, Nonparametric; D062606:Tertiary Care Centers; D016896:Treatment Outcome