title: The developmental competence of oocytes parthenogenetically activated by an electric pulse and anisomycin treatment.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The aim of this study was to investigate the developmental competence of oocytes parthenogenetically activated by an electric pulse (EP) and treated with anisomycin and to determine whether this method is applicable to somatic cell nuclear transfer (SCNT).
  
  
  RESULTS
  Embryos derived from porcine oocytes parthenogenetically activated by an EP and treatment with 0.01 µg/mL anisomycin had a significantly improved in vitro developmental capacity. Furthermore, 66.6% of blastocysts derived from these embryos had a diploid karyotype. The blastocyst formation rate of cloned embryos was similar between oocytes activated by an EP and treated with 2 mM 6-dimethylaminopurine for 4 h and those activated by an EP and treated with 0.01 µg/mL anisomycin for 4 h. The level of maturation-promoting factor was significantly decreased in oocytes activated by an EP and treated with anisomycin. Finally, the mRNA expression levels of apoptosis-related genes (Bax and Bcl-2) and pluripotency-related genes (Oct4, Nanog, and Sox2) were checked by RT-PCR.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our results demonstrate that porcine oocyte activation via an EP in combination with anisomycin treatment can lead to a high blastocyst formation rate in parthenogenetic activation and SCNT experiments.
authors.affiliation: Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Transgenic Animal and Embryo Engineering, Yanbian University, Yanji, 133002, Jilin, China.
authors.forename: Yu-Chen
authors.initials: YC
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Transgenic Animal and Embryo Engineering, Yanbian University, Yanji, 133002, Jilin, China.
authors.forename: Long
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Jin
authors.affiliation: Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Transgenic Animal and Embryo Engineering, Yanbian University, Yanji, 133002, Jilin, China.
authors.forename: Hai-Ying
authors.initials: HY
authors.lastname: Zhu
authors.affiliation: Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Transgenic Animal and Embryo Engineering, Yanbian University, Yanji, 133002, Jilin, China.
authors.forename: Qing
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Guo
authors.affiliation: Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Transgenic Animal and Embryo Engineering, Yanbian University, Yanji, 133002, Jilin, China.
authors.forename: Xiao-Chen
authors.initials: XC
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Transgenic Animal and Embryo Engineering, Yanbian University, Yanji, 133002, Jilin, China.
authors.forename: Guang-Lei
authors.initials: GL
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Transgenic Animal and Embryo Engineering, Yanbian University, Yanji, 133002, Jilin, China.
authors.forename: Xiao-Xu
authors.initials: XX
authors.lastname: Xing
authors.affiliation: Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Transgenic Animal and Embryo Engineering, Yanbian University, Yanji, 133002, Jilin, China.
authors.forename: Mei-Fu
authors.initials: MF
authors.lastname: Xuan
authors.affiliation: Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Transgenic Animal and Embryo Engineering, Yanbian University, Yanji, 133002, Jilin, China.
authors.forename: Qi-Rong
authors.initials: QR
authors.lastname: Luo
authors.affiliation: Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Transgenic Animal and Embryo Engineering, Yanbian University, Yanji, 133002, Jilin, China.
authors.forename: Zhao-Bo
authors.initials: ZB
authors.lastname: Luo
authors.affiliation: Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Transgenic Animal and Embryo Engineering, Yanbian University, Yanji, 133002, Jilin, China.
authors.forename: Jun-Xia
authors.initials: JX
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Transgenic Animal and Embryo Engineering, Yanbian University, Yanji, 133002, Jilin, China.
authors.forename: Cheng-Du
authors.initials: CD
authors.lastname: Cui
authors.affiliation: Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Transgenic Animal and Embryo Engineering, Yanbian University, Yanji, 133002, Jilin, China.
authors.forename: Wen-Xue
authors.initials: WX
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Transgenic Animal and Embryo Engineering, Yanbian University, Yanji, 133002, Jilin, China.
authors.forename: Zheng-Yun
authors.initials: ZY
authors.lastname: Cui
authors.affiliation: Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Transgenic Animal and Embryo Engineering, Yanbian University, Yanji, 133002, Jilin, China. yinxj33@msn.com.
authors.forename: Xi-Jun
authors.initials: XJ
authors.lastname: Yin
authors.affiliation: Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Transgenic Animal and Embryo Engineering, Yanbian University, Yanji, 133002, Jilin, China. kangjindan@hotmail.com.
authors.forename: Jin-Dan
authors.initials: JD
authors.lastname: Kang
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000841:Anisomycin / Q000494:pharmacology*; D004558:Electric Stimulation; D047108:Embryonic Development; D005260:Female; D053652:Nuclear Transfer Techniques; D009865:Oocytes / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000502:physiology; D010312:Parthenogenesis / Q000187:drug effects*; D011247:Pregnancy; D013552:Swine
chemical_list: D000841:Anisomycin
keywords: Anisomycin; Oocyte activation; Parthenogenetic activation; Somatic cell nuclear transfer