title: Glucagon-like Peptide-1 and the Central/Peripheral Nervous System: Crosstalk in Diabetes.
abstract: Glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) is released in response to meals and exerts important roles in the maintenance of normal glucose homeostasis. GLP-1 is also important in the regulation of neurologic and cognitive functions. These actions are mediated via neurons in the nucleus of the solitary tract that project to multiple regions expressing GLP-1 receptors (GLP-1Rs). Treatment with GLP-1R agonists (GLP-1-RAs) reduces ischemia-induced hyperactivity, oxidative stress, neuronal damage and apoptosis, cerebral infarct volume, and neurologic damage, after cerebral ischemia, in experimental models. Ongoing human trials report a neuroprotective effect of GLP-1-RAs in Alzheimer's and Parkinson's disease. In this review, we discuss the role of GLP-1 and GLP-1-RAs in the nervous system with focus on GLP-1 actions on appetite regulation, glucose homeostasis, and neuroprotection.
authors.affiliation: Ios and Coleman Medicina Futura Medical Center, Naples, Italy.
authors.forename: Giovanna
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Muscogiuri
authors.affiliation: Diabetes Division, University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio, TX, USA.
authors.forename: Ralph A
authors.initials: RA
authors.lastname: DeFronzo
authors.affiliation: Diabetes Division, University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio, TX, USA; Institute of Clinical Physiology of the National Research Council (CNR), Pisa, Italy. Electronic address: amalia@ifc.cnr.it.
authors.forename: Amalia
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Gastaldelli
authors.affiliation: NNF Center for Basic Metabolic Research and Department of Biomedical Sciences, The Panum Institute, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.
authors.forename: Jens J
authors.initials: JJ
authors.lastname: Holst
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002490:Central Nervous System / Q000378:metabolism*; D003920:Diabetes Mellitus / Q000378:metabolism*; D003924:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / Q000378:metabolism; D052216:Glucagon-Like Peptide 1 / Q000378:metabolism*; D006801:Humans; D019636:Neurodegenerative Diseases / Q000378:metabolism; D017933:Peripheral Nervous System / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D052216:Glucagon-Like Peptide 1
keywords: appetite; central nervous system; glucagon-like peptide-1; neurodegenerative diseases; type 2 diabetes