title: Prognostic significance of the frequency of primary cilia in cells of small bowel and colorectal adenocarcinoma.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The primary cilium is a solitary, sensory, immotile microtubule-based structure that arises from the centrosome and is projected from the surface of most human cell types. It has been hypothesized that primary cilia could serve as a tumor suppressor organelle. The objective of this pilot study was to investigate the presence and frequency of primary cilia in cells of small bowel and colorectal adenocarcinoma and to evaluate the prognostic significance of their frequency.
  
  
  METHODS
  The presence of primary cilia in cells in samples of small bowel (8 patients) and colorectal adenocarcinoma (32 patients) was evaluated. The primary cilia of cells were immunofluorescently labeled using primary monoclonal anti-acetylated agr;-tubulin antibody and cell nuclei were labeled using DAPI.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Primary cilia were identified in all examined specimens. The median frequency of primary cilia was 0.49% in cells of small bowel cancer and 0.22% in cells in colorectal cancer. Overall survival according to frequency of primary cilia in all intestinal adenocarcinomas was significantly longer in patients with higher frequency (≥ 0.187) than in patients with lower frequency of primary cilia (< 0.187) in univariate analysis (p=0.007) and also in the Cox proportional hazard model (p=0.032). Overall survival according to frequency of primary cilia in colorectal adenocarcinoma was significantly longer in patients with higher frequency (≥ 0.187) than in patients with lower frequency of primary cilia (< 0.187) (p=0.028).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The present pilot study provides the first evidence of the prognostic significance of the frequency of primary cilia in small bowel and colorectal adenocarcinoma. Because of significantly higher median frequency of primary cilia in the rare small bowel adenocarcinoma than in the frequent colorectal adenocarcinoma (p<0.001), the results of this study support a potential role for primary cilia as a biomarker in these types of cancer.
authors.affiliation: Department of Oncology, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and Thomayer Hospital, Prague, Czech Republic.
authors.forename: Josef
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Dvorak
authors.forename: Dimitar
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Hadzi Nikolov
authors.forename: Ladislav
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Dusek
authors.forename: Alzbeta
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Filipova
authors.forename: Igor
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Richter
authors.forename: David
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Buka
authors.forename: Ales
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Ryska
authors.forename: Jaroslav
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Mokry
authors.forename: Stanislav
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Filip
authors.forename: Bohuslav
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Melichar
authors.forename: Tomas
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Buchler
authors.forename: Jitka
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Abrahamova
mesh_terms: D000107:Acetylation; D000230:Adenocarcinoma / Q000737:chemistry / Q000401:mortality / Q000473:pathology*; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D019540:Area Under Curve; D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor / Q000032:analysis; D002923:Cilia / Q000737:chemistry / Q000473:pathology; D015179:Colorectal Neoplasms / Q000737:chemistry / Q000401:mortality / Q000473:pathology*; D005260:Female; D005455:Fluorescent Antibody Technique; D006801:Humans; D007414:Intestinal Neoplasms / Q000737:chemistry / Q000401:mortality / Q000473:pathology*; D007421:Intestine, Small / Q000737:chemistry / Q000473:pathology*; D053208:Kaplan-Meier Estimate; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010865:Pilot Projects; D011237:Predictive Value of Tests; D011379:Prognosis; D016016:Proportional Hazards Models; D012372:ROC Curve; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012307:Risk Factors; D013997:Time Factors; D014404:Tubulin / Q000032:analysis
chemical_list: D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor; D014404:Tubulin