title: The Normalization of Cannabis Use Among Bangladeshi and Pakistani Youth: A New Frontier for the Normalization Thesis?
abstract: The Asian population in Britain has grown, representing the second largest ethnic group; Bangladeshi, Pakistani, and Indian nationalities are prevalent (Jivraj, 2012 ; Office for National Statistics, 2013 ). Yet, we know relatively little about the nature and extent of their substance use. Jayakody et al. ( 2006 ) argue ethnic minority groups may be influenced by the norms and values of the dominant culture. Given recreational drug use has undergone a process of normalization in Britain (Aldridge et al., 2011 ; Parker et al., 1998 , 2002 ), we explore the degree to which this is occurring in a Bangladeshi and Pakistani community of Muslim faith in Northern England; a group typically assumed to reject substance use because of robust religious and cultural values.
  
  
  
  To examine the extent, frequency, and nature of substance use, and associated attitudes.
  
  
  
  A cross-sectional study collecting qualitative data from a sample (N = 43) of adolescents accessing a drug service and a range of professionals working with them during 2014. We also present analyses of routinely collected quantitative client data.
  
  
  
  Adolescent interviewees reported extensive personal experience smoking skunk cannabis, and professionals working in the community confirmed many young Asians smoked it. Its consumption appeared to be accommodated into the daily lives of young people and the supply of it also showed signs of acceptance.
  
  
  
  Skunk cannabis may be undergoing a process of normalization within some Asian communities in Britain. Our study has significant implications for the normalization thesis, finding evidence for normalization within a subpopulation that is typically perceived to resist this trend.
authors.affiliation: a Centre for Crime and Criminal Justice , University of Manchester , Manchester , United Kingdom.
authors.forename: Lisa
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Williams
authors.affiliation: b Department of Sociology , Manchester Metropolitan University , Manchester , United Kingdom.
authors.forename: Rob
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Ralphs
authors.affiliation: b Department of Sociology , Manchester Metropolitan University , Manchester , United Kingdom.
authors.forename: Paul
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Gray
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000437:Alcoholism / Q000453:epidemiology; D001294:Attitude to Health; D001459:Bangladesh / Q000208:ethnology; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D000074609:Marijuana Use / Q000453:epidemiology*; D010154:Pakistan / Q000208:ethnology; D019966:Substance-Related Disorders / Q000453:epidemiology; D006113:United Kingdom / Q000453:epidemiology
keywords: Asian recreational drug use; adolescent drug use; normalization thesis; skunk cannabis use