title: Prostate Artery Embolization for Complete Urinary Outflow Obstruction Due to Benign Prostatic Hypertrophy.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  We aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of PAE in weaning of catheter and relieving obstructive urinary symptoms in patients with acute urinary retention (AUR) due to benign prostatic hypertrophy (BPH) and failed trial without catheter (TWOC).
  
  
  METHODS
  In this prospective study approved by the institutional review board, a signed informed consent was obtained. Eighteen consecutive patients with AUR due to BPH and failed TWOC were recruited. Nineteen consecutive patients with BPH but without AUR were recruited as a control. Patients with CTA evidence of arterial occlusion or significant stenosis along the prostate artery access path were excluded. PAE was performed using microspheres (100-300 μm diameter). Outcome assessment included successful weaning of catheter in 2 weeks, procedure-related complications, change of symptomatology and urodynamic findings at 1 month as compared to baseline, percent non-perfused prostate volume, and prostate volume reduction on MRI at 2 weeks.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Two patients in the study group and four in the control group were excluded due to arterial pathology. Embolization of bilateral prostate arteries was achieved in all patients in both the groups (100%). There was no complication. The catheter was successfully weaned in 87.5% (14/16) of patients within 14 days in the treatment group. There was no significant difference in patient demographics, prostate characteristics, and all outcome assessment parameters between both the groups.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  PAE was probably safe and effective in weaning of catheter and relieving obstructive urinary symptoms in patients due to BPH, with treatment outcomes comparable to those without AUR.
authors.affiliation: Department of Imaging and Interventional Radiology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, c/o Rm 2A061, 2/F, Main Clinical Block and Trauma Centre, Prince of Wales Hospital, 30-32 Ngan Shing Street, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong SAR. simonyu@cuhk.edu.hk.|Vascular and Interventional Radiology Foundation Clinical Science Center, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong SAR. simonyu@cuhk.edu.hk.
authors.forename: Simon Chun Ho
authors.identifier: http://orcid.org/0000-0002-8715-5026
authors.initials: SC
authors.lastname: Yu
authors.affiliation: Department of Imaging and Interventional Radiology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, c/o Rm 2A061, 2/F, Main Clinical Block and Trauma Centre, Prince of Wales Hospital, 30-32 Ngan Shing Street, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong SAR.|Vascular and Interventional Radiology Foundation Clinical Science Center, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong SAR.
authors.forename: Carmen Chi Min
authors.initials: CC
authors.lastname: Cho
authors.affiliation: Department of Imaging and Interventional Radiology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, c/o Rm 2A061, 2/F, Main Clinical Block and Trauma Centre, Prince of Wales Hospital, 30-32 Ngan Shing Street, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong SAR.|Vascular and Interventional Radiology Foundation Clinical Science Center, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong SAR.
authors.forename: Esther Hiu Yee
authors.initials: EH
authors.lastname: Hung
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, Prince of Wales Hospital, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong SAR.
authors.forename: Peter Ka Fung
authors.initials: PK
authors.lastname: Chiu
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, Prince of Wales Hospital, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong SAR.
authors.forename: Chi Hang
authors.initials: CH
authors.lastname: Yee
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, Prince of Wales Hospital, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong SAR.
authors.forename: Chi Fai
authors.initials: CF
authors.lastname: Ng
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000792:Angiography; D004621:Embolization, Therapeutic / Q000379:methods*; D005471:Fluoroscopy; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011446:Prospective Studies; D011467:Prostate / Q000098:blood supply* / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D011470:Prostatic Hyperplasia / Q000150:complications* / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000628:therapy*; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D016055:Urinary Retention / Q000209:etiology* / Q000628:therapy*
keywords: Acute retention of urine; Benign prostatic hypertrophy; Embolization; Prostate artery