title: Application of subsurface vertical flow constructed wetlands to reject water treatment in dairy wastewater treatment plant.
abstract: The paper presents the effects of applying subsurface vertical flow constructed wetlands (SS VF) for the treatment of reject water generated in the process of aerobic sewage sludge stabilization in the biggest dairy wastewater treatment plant (WWTP) in Poland. Two SS VF beds were built: bed (A) with 0.65 m depth and bed (B) with 1.0 m depth, planted with reeds. Beds were fed with reject water with hydraulic load of 0.1 m d-1in order to establish the differences in treatment efficiency. During an eight-months research period, a high removal efficiency of predominant pollutants was shown: BOD588.1% (A) and 90.5% (B); COD 84.5% (A) and 87.5% (B); TSS 87.6% (A) and 91.9% (B); TKN 82.4% (A) and 76.5% (B); N-NH4+89.2% (A) and 85.7% (B); TP 30.2% (A) and 40.6% (B). There were not statistically significant differences in the removal efficiencies between bed (B) with 1.0 m depth and bed (A) with 0.65 m depth. The research indicated that SS VF beds could be successfully applied to reject water treatment in dairy WWTPs. The study proved that the use of SS VF beds in full scale in dairy WWTPs would result in a significant decrease in pollutants' load in reject water. In the analyzed case, decreasing the load of ammonia nitrogen was of greatest importance, as it constituted 58% of the total load treated in dairy WWTP and posed a hazard to the stability of the treatment process.
authors.affiliation: a Faculty of Civil and Environmental Engineering , Bialystok University of Technology , Bialystok , Poland.
authors.forename: Wojciech
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Dąbrowski
authors.affiliation: a Faculty of Civil and Environmental Engineering , Bialystok University of Technology , Bialystok , Poland.
authors.forename: Beata
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Karolinczak
authors.affiliation: b Faculty of Civil and Environmental Engineering , Gdansk University of Technology , Gdansk , Poland.
authors.forename: Magdalena
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Gajewska
authors.affiliation: b Faculty of Civil and Environmental Engineering , Gdansk University of Technology , Gdansk , Poland.
authors.forename: Ewa
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Wojciechowska
mesh_terms: D064751:Ammonium Compounds / Q000032:analysis; D057919:Biological Oxygen Demand Analysis; D003612:Dairying; D009566:Nitrates / Q000032:analysis; D009573:Nitrites / Q000032:analysis; D009584:Nitrogen / Q000032:analysis; D006109:Poaceae; D014865:Waste Disposal, Fluid / Q000379:methods*; D062065:Wastewater / Q000032:analysis; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical / Q000032:analysis; D053833:Wetlands
chemical_list: D064751:Ammonium Compounds; D009566:Nitrates; D009573:Nitrites; D009584:Nitrogen; D062065:Wastewater; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical
keywords: Aerobic stabilization; dairy wastewater treatment plant; filter press dewatering; reject water; subsurface vertical flow constructed wetlands