title: Molecular detection of Leishmania parasites and host blood meal identification in wild sand flies from a new endemic rural region, south of Iran.
abstract: Zoonotic Cutaneous Leishmaniosis (ZCL) remains the most crucial vector-borne public health disease particularly in endemic rural parts of Iran. The main aim of this study is to identify wild sand flies (Diptera: Psychodidae), determine their infection rate, and differentiate their host blood meal sources using the polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) technique. Sand fly populations were caught with sticky paper traps from 10 different villages in the county of Darab, Fars province, southern Iran. Following their species identification, they were used in one step PCR to determine their infection with Leishmania spp. parasites. They were then subjected to PCR-RFLP protocol to identify and differentiate their blood meal sources. Two genera of Phlebotomus and Sergentomyia comprising 13 species of sand flies were identified in this region. From a total of 150 parous female sand flies, encompassing 4 different medically important species, 7 specimens (4.7%) including 6 Phlebotomus papatasi and 1 Phlebotomus bergeroti were infected with Leishmania major. Molecular data indicated that about 32% of female sand flies fed on man, while nearly 43% fed on rodent and canine hosts. Molecular detection is an efficient way of differentiating the source of blood meals in female sand flies feeding on different vertebrate hosts. It is suggested that P. papatasi is not highly anthropophagic and appears to be an opportunistic feeder on man. This species is, however, the primary vector of ZCL in this region.
authors.affiliation: a Research Centre for Health Sciences, Department of Medical Entomology and Vector Control , School of Health, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences , Shiraz , Iran.
authors.forename: Kourosh
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Azizi
authors.affiliation: b Department of Medical Entomology and Vector Control , School of Health, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences , Shiraz , Iran.
authors.forename: Mohammad Bagher
authors.initials: MB
authors.lastname: Askari
authors.affiliation: a Research Centre for Health Sciences, Department of Medical Entomology and Vector Control , School of Health, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences , Shiraz , Iran.|c Department of Public Health, Mamasani Higher Education Complex for Health , Shiraz University of Medical Sciences , Shiraz , Iran.
authors.forename: Mohsen
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kalantari
authors.affiliation: a Research Centre for Health Sciences, Department of Medical Entomology and Vector Control , School of Health, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences , Shiraz , Iran.
authors.forename: Mohammad Djaefar
authors.initials: MD
authors.lastname: Moemenbellah-Fard
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D004285:Dogs; D019353:Endemic Diseases; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007303:Insect Vectors / Q000145:classification / Q000469:parasitology*; D007492:Iran / Q000453:epidemiology; D007891:Leishmania / Q000235:genetics / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D007896:Leishmaniasis / Q000469:parasitology / Q000635:transmission*; D008297:Male; D010691:Phlebotomus / Q000145:classification / Q000469:parasitology; D016133:Polymerase Chain Reaction; D012150:Polymorphism, Restriction Fragment Length; D011576:Psychodidae / Q000145:classification / Q000469:parasitology*; D012377:Rodentia; D012424:Rural Population
keywords: Blood meal identification; Iran; Leishmania spp; PCR-RFLP; Phlebotomine sand flies