title: Sex differences in HIV effects on visual memory among substance-dependent individuals.
abstract: HIV's effects on episodic memory have not been compared systematically between male and female substance-dependent individuals. We administered the Brief Visuospatial Memory Test-Revised (BVMT-R) to 280 substance-dependent HIV+ and HIV- men and women. Groups were comparable on demographic, substance use, and comorbid characteristics. There were no significant main effects of sex or HIV serostatus on BVMT-R performance, but HIV+ women performed significantly more poorly on delayed recall. This effect was most prominent among cocaine-dependent HIV+ women. Our findings are consistent with recent speculation that memory impairment may be more common among HIV+ women, particularly those with a history of cocaine dependence.
authors.affiliation: a Department of Psychiatry , University of Illinois , Chicago , IL , USA.
authors.forename: Michael K
authors.initials: MK
authors.lastname: Keutmann
authors.affiliation: b Department of Psychology , Florida International University , Miami , FL , USA.
authors.forename: Raul
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Gonzalez
authors.affiliation: a Department of Psychiatry , University of Illinois , Chicago , IL , USA.
authors.forename: Pauline M
authors.initials: PM
authors.lastname: Maki
authors.affiliation: a Department of Psychiatry , University of Illinois , Chicago , IL , USA.
authors.forename: Leah H
authors.initials: LH
authors.lastname: Rubin
authors.affiliation: c Department of Psychiatry , Virginia Commonwealth University , Richmond , VA , USA.
authors.forename: Jasmin
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Vassileva
authors.affiliation: d Department of Psychiatry , Rush University Medical Center , Chicago , IL , USA.
authors.forename: Eileen M
authors.initials: EM
authors.lastname: Martin
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D019970:Cocaine-Related Disorders / Q000150:complications / Q000523:psychology; D005260:Female; D015658:HIV Infections / Q000150:complications / Q000523:psychology*; D006679:HIV Seropositivity / Q000523:psychology; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008569:Memory Disorders / Q000209:etiology / Q000523:psychology*; D061212:Memory, Episodic; D011939:Mental Recall; D008875:Middle Aged; D009483:Neuropsychological Tests; D010556:Personality Tests; D012727:Sex Characteristics; D019966:Substance-Related Disorders / Q000150:complications / Q000523:psychology*; D014796:Visual Perception
keywords: Cocaine; HIV; Hippocampus; Memory; Prefrontal cortex; Sex differences; Substance use disorder