title: Diabetic Wounds Exhibit Decreased Ym1 and Arginase Expression with Increased Expression of IL-17 and IL-20.
abstract: Objective:Impaired wound healing in diabetic (DB) patients is a significant health problem; however, the roles that cytokines and innate immune cells contribute to this impaired healing are not completely understood.Approach:A mouse model was used to compare the innate immune response during DB and normal wound healing. Two 5-mm full-thickness wounds were created on the dorsal skin of BKS.Cg-m+/+Leprdb/J (DB) and C57BL/6 (wild-type) mice. Innate immune cell markers and cytokine mRNA levels were measured in wound biopsies during the first week of healing.Results:Innate immune cell influx (typified by the Gr-1 neutrophil marker and the Ym1 macrophage marker) was delayed in the DB wounds. Expression of the M2 macrophage-related genes, Ym1 and arginase 1, was significantly reduced in the DB wounds. PCR array analysis demonstrated altered cytokine expression in DB wounds. Most prominently, both interleukin (IL)-17 and IL-20 mRNA levels were significantly increased in the DB wounds.Innovation:This is the first study to identify increased levels of IL-17 and IL-20 in DB wounds. These cytokines are also elevated in the inflammatory skin disorder, psoriasis; thus, they may be potential therapeutic targets to aid in DB wound healing.Conclusion:The entire cytokine profile of DB wounds over the course of healing is not completely understood. This study suggests that the IL-17 and IL-20 families of cytokines should be further analyzed in the context of DB wound healing.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biology, Saint Louis University, Saint Louis, Missouri.; Division of Trauma and Burn Research, Mercy Hospital, Springfield, Missouri.
authors.forename: Phillip J
authors.initials: PJ
authors.lastname: Finley
authors.affiliation: Department of Biology, Saint Louis University , Saint Louis, Missouri.
authors.forename: Cory E
authors.initials: CE
authors.lastname: DeClue
authors.affiliation: Department of Biomedical Engineering, Saint Louis University , Saint Louis, Missouri.
authors.forename: Scott A
authors.initials: SA
authors.lastname: Sell
authors.affiliation: Department of Biology, Saint Louis University , Saint Louis, Missouri.
authors.forename: Joseph M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: DeBartolo
authors.affiliation: Department of Biology, Saint Louis University, Saint Louis, Missouri.; Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Saint Louis University, Saint Louis, Missouri.
authors.forename: Laurie P
authors.initials: LP
authors.lastname: Shornick
keywords: cytokine; diabetes; macrophage; wound healing