title: The Impact of Crunchy Wednesdays on Happy Meal Fruit Orders: Analysis of Sales Data in France, 2009-2013.
abstract: Beginning in September, 2010, all McDonald's restaurants in France offered free fruit with every Happy Meal sold on the first Wednesday of the month. Sales data were used to determine the impact of free fruit promotion on the proportion of regular Happy Meal fruit desserts sold.
  
  
  
  Trend analyses examined the proportion of fruit desserts for 2009-2013. Analyses also compared fruit orders on Crunchy Wednesdays with other weekdays.
  
  
  
  Happy Meal fruit desserts rose from 14.5% in 2010 to 18.0% in 2011 and to 19.4% in 2013 (P < .001). More Happy Meal fruit desserts were ordered on Crunchy Wednesdays compared with other weekdays (P < .001). Orders of cherry tomato sides and water as a beverage on Crunchy Wednesdays were unaffected.
  
  
  
  Based on sales transactions data across multiple years, this study provides evidence of the long-term effectiveness of menu promotions aimed at increasing children's consumption of vegetables and fruit.
authors.affiliation: Center for Public Health Nutrition, University of Washington, Seattle, WA. Electronic address: adamdrew@u.washington.edu.
authors.forename: Adam
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Drewnowski
authors.affiliation: Agence Protéines, Paris, France.
authors.forename: Serge
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Michels
authors.affiliation: Agence Protéines, Paris, France.
authors.forename: Diane
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Leroy
mesh_terms: D002755:Choice Behavior; D004032:Diet / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D057140:Fast Foods / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D005518:Food Preferences / Q000523:psychology*; D005602:France; D005638:Fruit; D006293:Health Promotion / Q000379:methods*; D006801:Humans; D014675:Vegetables
keywords: Crunchy Wednesdays; Happy Meal; fast food; health promotion; sales data