title: Different effects of dietary factors on reflux esophagitis and non-erosive reflux disease in 11,690 Korean subjects.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Although dietary factors seem to be associated with gastroesophageal reflux symptoms, their effects on reflux esophagitis and non-erosive reflux disease (NERD) are unclear. We evaluate dietary effects on NERD and reflux esophagitis.
  
  
  METHODS
  A total of 11,690 health check-up persons completed questionnaires for reflux symptoms and 3-day recordings for dietary intake and underwent esophagogastroduodenoscopy from 2004 to 2008. Multiple logistic regression with odds ratio (OR) and 95% confidence interval (CI) was used to evaluate the relationship of dietary components with NERD or reflux esophagitis.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Prevalence of NERD and reflux esophagitis was 7.7 and 7.2%, respectively. In adjusted analysis, highest quartile of beans (OR 0.78, 95% CI 0.64-0.95), 3rd quartile of vegetables (OR 0.74, 95% CI 0.60-0.91), 4th quartile of fruit (OR 0.78, 95% CI 0.64-0.95), 4th quartile of egg (OR 0.78, 95% CI 0.64-0.96), and 3rd quartile of fish (OR 0.80, 95% CI 0.66-0.98), and 4th quartile of milk (OR 0.78, 95% CI 0.65-0.94) reduced NERD. Reflux esophagitis had no association with food groups, whereas it was related with men, absence of H. pylori, hiatal hernia, BMI, and total energy intake. Furthermore, dietary effect on NERD was similar in men and women, whereas highest tertile of potato (OR 1.91) and milk (OR 1.87) increased reflux esophagitis only in women.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  While many food groups affected NERD, reflux esophagitis was associated with BMI and total energy intake rather than dietary component. These results may suggest different approaches toward dietary management of NERD and reflux esophagitis.
authors.affiliation: Kyungpook National University Medical Center, Kyungpook National University School of Medicine, 807 Hoguk-ro, Buk-gu, Daegu, 702-210, South Korea. mascha@medimail.co.kr.|Center for Cancer Prevention and Detection, National Cancer Center, Goyang, South Korea. mascha@medimail.co.kr.
authors.forename: Su Youn
authors.identifier: http://orcid.org/0000-0002-5568-7714
authors.initials: SY
authors.lastname: Nam
authors.affiliation: Center for Cancer Prevention and Detection, National Cancer Center, Goyang, South Korea.
authors.forename: Bum Joon
authors.initials: BJ
authors.lastname: Park
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical Nutrition, National Cancer Center, Goyang, South Korea.
authors.forename: Yeong-Ah
authors.initials: YA
authors.lastname: Cho
authors.affiliation: Kyungpook National University Medical Center, Kyungpook National University School of Medicine, 807 Hoguk-ro, Buk-gu, Daegu, 702-210, South Korea.
authors.forename: Kum Hei
authors.initials: KH
authors.lastname: Ryu
authors.affiliation: Center for Gastric Cancer, National Cancer Center, Goyang, South Korea.
authors.forename: Il Ju
authors.initials: IJ
authors.lastname: Choi
authors.affiliation: Cancer Biostatistics Branch, National Cancer Center, Goyang, South Korea.|Department of Biostatistics Graduate School of Public Health, Yonsei University, Seoul, South Korea.
authors.forename: Sohee
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Park
authors.affiliation: Center for Gastric Cancer, National Cancer Center, Goyang, South Korea.
authors.forename: Young-Woo
authors.initials: YW
authors.lastname: Kim
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000818:Animals; D015992:Body Mass Index; D004032:Diet; D015930:Diet Records; D004531:Eggs; D004942:Esophagitis, Peptic / Q000150:complications / Q000453:epidemiology*; D007887:Fabaceae; D005260:Female; D005502:Food; D005638:Fruit; D005764:Gastroesophageal Reflux / Q000150:complications / Q000453:epidemiology*; D016481:Helicobacter Infections / Q000453:epidemiology; D016480:Helicobacter pylori; D006551:Hernia, Hiatal / Q000453:epidemiology; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D008892:Milk; D015995:Prevalence; D065840:Protective Factors; D056910:Republic of Korea / Q000453:epidemiology; D012307:Risk Factors; D017747:Seafood; D012737:Sex Factors; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D063189:Symptom Assessment; D014675:Vegetables
keywords: Diet; Non-erosive reflux disease; Reflux esophagitis