title: Response of Escherichia coli to Prolonged Berberine Exposure.
abstract: Berberine is a plant-derived alkaloid possessing antimicrobial activity; unfortunately, its efflux through multidrug resistance pumps reduces its efficacy. Cellular life span of Escherichia coli is generally shorter with prolonged berberine exposure; nevertheless, about 30% of the cells still remain robust following this treatment. To elucidate its mechanism of action and to identify proteins that could be involved in development of antimicrobial resistance, protein profiles of E. coli cells treated with berberine for 4.5 and 8 hours were compared with control cells. A total of 42 proteins were differentially expressed in cells treated with berberine for 8 hours when compared to control cells. In both 4.5 and 8 hours of berberine-treated cells, carbohydrate and peptide uptake regimens remained unchanged, although amino acid maintenance regimen switched from transport to synthesis. Defect in cell division persisted and this condition was confirmed by images obtained from scanning electron microscopy. Universal stress proteins were not involved in stress response. The significant increase in the abundance of elongation factors could suggest the involvement of these proteins in protection by exhibiting chaperone activities. Furthermore, the involvement of the outer membrane protein OmpW could receive special attention as a protein involved in response to antimicrobial agents, since the expression of only this porin protein was upregulated after 8 hours of exposure.
authors.affiliation: 1 Department of Bioengineering, Marmara University , Istanbul, Turkey .
authors.forename: Nilay
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Budeyri Gokgoz
authors.affiliation: 1 Department of Bioengineering, Marmara University , Istanbul, Turkey .
authors.forename: Fatma Gizem
authors.initials: FG
authors.lastname: Avci
authors.affiliation: 1 Department of Bioengineering, Marmara University , Istanbul, Turkey .
authors.forename: Kubra Karaosmanoglu
authors.initials: KK
authors.lastname: Yoneten
authors.affiliation: 2 Department of Chemical Engineering, Bogazici University , Istanbul, Turkey .
authors.forename: Begum
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Alaybeyoglu
authors.affiliation: 2 Department of Chemical Engineering, Bogazici University , Istanbul, Turkey .
authors.forename: Elif
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Ozkirimli
authors.affiliation: 1 Department of Bioengineering, Marmara University , Istanbul, Turkey .
authors.forename: Nihat Alpagu
authors.initials: NA
authors.lastname: Sayar
authors.affiliation: 1 Department of Bioengineering, Marmara University , Istanbul, Turkey .
authors.forename: Dilek
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Kazan
authors.affiliation: 1 Department of Bioengineering, Marmara University , Istanbul, Turkey .
authors.forename: Berna
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Sariyar Akbulut
mesh_terms: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents / Q000494:pharmacology*; D001425:Bacterial Outer Membrane Proteins / Q000819:agonists / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D001599:Berberine / Q000494:pharmacology*; D001692:Biological Transport / Q000187:drug effects; D002455:Cell Division / Q000187:drug effects; D024881:Drug Resistance, Bacterial / Q000235:genetics; D048168:Escherichia coli K12 / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism / Q000648:ultrastructure; D029968:Escherichia coli Proteins / Q000819:agonists / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D020869:Gene Expression Profiling; D015964:Gene Expression Regulation, Bacterial / Q000187:drug effects*; D063990:Gene Ontology; D053858:Metabolic Networks and Pathways / Q000187:drug effects / Q000235:genetics; D058977:Molecular Sequence Annotation; D014176:Protein Biosynthesis / Q000187:drug effects*; D020543:Proteome / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism; D013997:Time Factors
chemical_list: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents; D001425:Bacterial Outer Membrane Proteins; D029968:Escherichia coli Proteins; D020543:Proteome; C064035:ompW protein, E coli; D001599:Berberine
keywords: E. coli; antimicrobial resistance; berberine; protein map; stress response