title: Canine Neutrophil Extracellular Traps Release Induced by the Apicomplexan ParasiteNeospora caninum In Vitro.
abstract: Neosporosis is considered as one of the main causes of abortion and severe economic losses in dairy industry. TheCanisgenus serving as one of the confirmed definitive hosts of the apicomplexan parasiteNeospora caninum(N. caninum) plays a critical role in its life cycle. However, the effects ofN. caninumon its definitive hosts of neutrophils extracellular traps (NETs) formation remain unclear. In the present study,N. caninumtachyzoite-induced canine NETs formation was observed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Visualization of DNA decorated with H3, neutrophil elastase (NE), and myeloperoxidase (MPO) withinN. caninumtachyzoite-induced NETs were examined using fluorescence confocal microscopy analyses. Furthermore, the formation of canine NETs was quantified using Sytox Green staining, and the LDH levels in supernatants were examined by an LDH Cytotoxicity Assay®kit. The results clearly showed that NETs-like structures were induced byN. caninumtachyzoites, and the major components within these structures induced byN. caninumtachyzoite were further confirmed by fluorescence confocal microscopy visualization. These results suggest thatN. caninumtachyzoites strongly induced NETs formation in canine polymorphonuclear neutrophils (PMN). In functional inhibition assays, the blockings of NADPH oxidase, NE, MPO, SOCE, ERK 1/2, and p38 MAPK signaling pathways significantly inhibitedN. caninumtachyzoite-induced NETs formation. To our knowledge, this study is the first to report the formation of NETs in canine PMN againstN. caninuminfection.
authors.affiliation: College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University , Changchun, Jilin , China.
authors.forename: Zhengkai
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Wei
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Institute of Parasitology, Justus Liebig University Giessen , Giessen , Germany.
authors.forename: Carlos
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Hermosilla
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Institute of Parasitology, Justus Liebig University Giessen , Giessen , Germany.
authors.forename: Anja
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Taubert
authors.affiliation: College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University , Changchun, Jilin , China.
authors.forename: Xuexiu
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: He
authors.affiliation: College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University , Changchun, Jilin , China.
authors.forename: Xiaocen
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University , Changchun, Jilin , China.
authors.forename: Pengtao
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Gong
authors.affiliation: College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University , Changchun, Jilin , China.
authors.forename: Jianhua
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China; Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Institute of Parasitology, Justus Liebig University Giessen, Giessen, Germany.
authors.forename: Zhengtao
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.affiliation: College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University , Changchun, Jilin , China.
authors.forename: Xichen
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Zhang
keywords: NETs; Neospora caninum; canine; neutrophils