title: Prevalence, antimicrobial susceptibility patterns and associated risk factors of Shigella and Salmonella among food handlers in Arba Minch University, South Ethiopia.
abstract: The availability of safe food improves health of the people that contributes to productivity and provides an effective platform for development and poverty alleviation. On the other hand, unsafe food handling and processing can serve as a vehicle for the transmission of a variety of disease causing agents. The risk of food getting contaminated depends largely on the health status of the food handlers, their personal hygiene, knowledge and practice of food hygiene. Food borne diseases are therefore a public health problem in developed and developing countries which is also true for Ethiopia. Hence, the aim of this study was to determine prevalence, antimicrobial susceptibility patterns and associated risk factors of Shigella and Salmonella among food handlers in Arba Minch University, South Ethiopia.
  
  
  
  A cross sectional study was conducted among food handlers in Arba Minch University students' cafeteria from April- June, 2015. Structured questionnaire was used to collect socio demographic data and associated risk factors. Stool sample was collected and examined for pathogens following standard procedures. Biochemical tests were done to identify the species of pathogens and sensitivity test was done using Kirby- Baur disk diffusion technique.
  
  
  
  A total of 376 food handlers were enrolled in the study with the response rate of 100% for data collected by questionnaire. About 7.4% were aged less than 20 years with majority (63.3%) lay in the working age group of 21-35 years. However, a total of 345 food handlers participated for stool examination of whom, stool cultures revealed 6.9% of Salmonella and 3% Shigella isolates. Finger nail status (AOR=0.033), hand washing practice after toilet (AOR= 0.006) and touching food with bare hands (AOR= p < 0.001) were independent predictors of infectious enteric diseases among the food handlers. All isolated pathogens were resistant to amoxicillin (100%), followed by clarithromycin (41%) and amoxicillin-clavulanic acid (35%).
  
  
  
  The present study showed high prevalence of enteropathogens among the study participants. The study also revealed poor personal hygiene like poor practice of hand washing. Therefore, pre placement, in service training on personal and food hygiene should be provided to all food handlers with regular sanitary inspection to improve adherence of food handlers to personal hygiene and food safety practices.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Arba Minch University, Arba Minch, Ethiopia. muheekoo@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Mohammedaman
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Mama
authors.affiliation: Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Arba Minch University, Arba Minch, Ethiopia.
authors.forename: Getaneh
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Alemu
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use; D004405:Dysentery, Bacillary / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000382:microbiology; D005002:Ethiopia / Q000453:epidemiology; D005260:Female; D005511:Food Handling; D005522:Food Services; D005517:Foodborne Diseases / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000382:microbiology* / Q000517:prevention & control; D006235:Hand Disinfection / Q000379:methods; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008826:Microbial Sensitivity Tests; D015995:Prevalence; D012307:Risk Factors; D012475:Salmonella / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000302:isolation & purification; D012480:Salmonella Infections / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000382:microbiology; D012760:Shigella / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000302:isolation & purification; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D014495:Universities; D000078329:Workforce; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents
keywords: Food handlers; Risk factors; Salmonella; Shigella