title: Bacterial Pathogens and the Microbiome.
abstract: Bacterial pathogens and microbiome alterations can contribute to the initiation and propagation of mucosal inflammation in chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS). In this article, the authors review the clinical and research implications of key pathogens, discuss the role of the microbiome, and connect bacteria to mechanisms of mucosal immunity relevant in CRS.
authors.affiliation: University of Colorado School of Medicine, 13001 East 17th Place, Aurora, CO 80045, USA.
authors.forename: Thad W
authors.initials: TW
authors.lastname: Vickery
authors.affiliation: Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, University of Colorado, 12631 East 17th Avenue, B205, Aurora, CO 80045, USA. Electronic address: Vijay.Ramakrishnan@UCDenver.edu.
authors.forename: Vijay R
authors.initials: VR
authors.lastname: Ramakrishnan
mesh_terms: D001419:Bacteria / Q000187:drug effects / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000472:pathogenicity; D002908:Chronic Disease; D006801:Humans; D007249:Inflammation / Q000276:immunology; D064307:Microbiota; D009297:Nasal Mucosa / Q000276:immunology / Q000382:microbiology; D012220:Rhinitis / Q000276:immunology / Q000382:microbiology / Q000473:pathology / Q000503:physiopathology; D012852:Sinusitis / Q000276:immunology / Q000382:microbiology / Q000473:pathology / Q000503:physiopathology
keywords: Bacteria; Chronic rhinosinusitis; Culture-independent microbiology; Microbiome; Sinusitis