title: Cytotoxic and genotoxic potential of food-borne nitriles in a liver in vitro model.
abstract: Isothiocyanates are the most intensively studied breakdown products of glucosinolates from Brassica plants and well recognized for their pleiotropic effects against cancer but also for their genotoxic potential. However, knowledge about the bioactivity of glucosinolate-borne nitriles in foods is very poor. As determined by GC-MS, broccoli glucosinolates mainly degrade to nitriles as breakdown products. The cytotoxicity of nitriles in human HepG2 cells and primary murine hepatocytes was marginal as compared to isothiocyanates. Toxicity of nitriles was not enhanced in CYP2E1-overexpressing HepG2 cells. In contrast, the genotoxic potential of nitriles was found to be comparable to isothiocyanates. DNA damage was persistent over a certain time period and CYP2E1-overexpression further increased the genotoxic potential of the nitriles. Based on actual in vitro data, no indications are given that food-borne nitriles could be relevant for cancer prevention, but could pose a certain genotoxic risk under conditions relevant for food consumption.
authors.affiliation: University of Hamburg, Hamburg School of Food Science, Institute of Food Chemistry, Grindelallee 117, 20146 Hamburg, Germany.
authors.forename: Franziska
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Kupke
authors.affiliation: University of Freiburg-Medical Center, Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Molecular Preventive Medicine, Breisacher Strasse 115b, 79106 Freiburg, Germany.
authors.forename: Corinna
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Herz
authors.affiliation: Leibniz Institute of Vegetable and Ornamental Crops Grossbeeren/Erfurt e.V., Department of Plant Quality, Theodor-Echtermeyer-Weg 1, 14979 Grossbeeren, Germany.
authors.forename: Franziska S
authors.initials: FS
authors.lastname: Hanschen
authors.affiliation: University of Hamburg, Hamburg School of Food Science, Institute of Food Chemistry, Grindelallee 117, 20146 Hamburg, Germany.
authors.forename: Stefanie
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Platz
authors.affiliation: University of Hamburg, Hamburg School of Food Science, Institute of Food Chemistry, Grindelallee 117, 20146 Hamburg, Germany.|University of Freiburg-Medical Center, Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Molecular Preventive Medicine, Breisacher Strasse 115b, 79106 Freiburg, Germany.
authors.forename: Grace A
authors.initials: GA
authors.lastname: Odongo
authors.affiliation: Justus-Liebig University Giessen, Institute and Outpatient Clinic for Occupational and Social Medicine and Department of Anesthesiology, Intensive Care and Pain Medicine, Aulweg 129, 35392 Giessen, Germany.
authors.forename: Simone
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Helmig
authors.affiliation: Clinic for Internal Medicine II, Molecular Biology, University of Freiburg-Medical Center, Hugstetter-Straße 55, 79106 Freiburg i.Br., Germany.
authors.forename: María M
authors.initials: MM
authors.lastname: Bartolomé Rodríguez
authors.affiliation: Leibniz Institute of Vegetable and Ornamental Crops Grossbeeren/Erfurt e.V., Department of Plant Quality, Theodor-Echtermeyer-Weg 1, 14979 Grossbeeren, Germany.
authors.forename: Monika
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Schreiner
authors.affiliation: University of Hamburg, Hamburg School of Food Science, Institute of Food Chemistry, Grindelallee 117, 20146 Hamburg, Germany.
authors.forename: Sascha
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Rohn
authors.affiliation: University of Freiburg-Medical Center, Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Molecular Preventive Medicine, Breisacher Strasse 115b, 79106 Freiburg, Germany.
authors.forename: Evelyn
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Lamy
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D019607:Brassicaceae / Q000737:chemistry; D016923:Cell Death / Q000187:drug effects; D002470:Cell Survival / Q000187:drug effects; D003577:Cytochrome P-450 Enzyme System / Q000378:metabolism; D053903:DNA Breaks, Double-Stranded / Q000187:drug effects; D005502:Food; D005961:Glucosinolates / Q000737:chemistry; D056945:Hep G2 Cells; D022781:Hepatocytes / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D017879:Isothiocyanates / Q000633:toxicity; D008099:Liver / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism*; D051379:Mice; D008954:Models, Biological; D009153:Mutagens / Q000633:toxicity*; D009570:Nitriles / Q000737:chemistry / Q000633:toxicity*; D014162:Transfection; D014675:Vegetables / Q000737:chemistry
chemical_list: D005961:Glucosinolates; D017879:Isothiocyanates; D009153:Mutagens; D009570:Nitriles; D003577:Cytochrome P-450 Enzyme System