title: Cancer stem cells in osteosarcoma.
abstract: Osteosarcoma is the most common primary bone tumour in children and adolescents and advanced osteosarcoma patients with evidence of metastasis share a poor prognosis. Osteosarcoma frequently gains resistance to standard therapies highlighting the need for improved treatment regimens and identification of novel therapeutic targets. Cancer stem cells (CSC) represent a sub-type of tumour cells attributed to critical steps in cancer including tumour propagation, therapy resistance, recurrence and in some cases metastasis. Recent published work demonstrates evidence of cancer stem cell phenotypes in osteosarcoma with links to drug resistance and tumorigenesis. In this review we will discuss the commonly used isolation techniques for cancer stem cells in osteosarcoma as well as the identified biochemical and molecular markers.
authors.affiliation: Department of Oncology and Metabolism, University of Sheffield, Medical School, Beech Hill Road, S10 2RX, Sheffield, UK; European Associated Laboratory, INSERM-University of Sheffield, Sarcoma Research Unit, Medical School, S10 2RX, Sheffield, UK. Electronic address: Hannah.brown@sheffield.ac.uk.
authors.forename: Hannah K
authors.initials: HK
authors.lastname: Brown
authors.affiliation: Laboratotio Hematologia Oncologica y de Transplantes, Institut Investigacions Biomèdiques (IBB) Sant Pau, Hospital de la Santa Creui Sant Pau, 08025, Barcelona, Spain.
authors.forename: Marta
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Tellez-Gabriel
authors.affiliation: Department of Oncology and Metabolism, University of Sheffield, Medical School, Beech Hill Road, S10 2RX, Sheffield, UK; European Associated Laboratory, INSERM-University of Sheffield, Sarcoma Research Unit, Medical School, S10 2RX, Sheffield, UK; INSERM, UMR 957, Pathophysiology of Bone Resorption and Therapy of Primary Bone Tumours, Equipe Ligue 2012, University of Nantes, Faculty of Medicine, 44035, Nantes, France. Electronic address: dominique.heymann@sheffield.ac.uk.
authors.forename: Dominique
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Heymann
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000970:Antineoplastic Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D001859:Bone Neoplasms / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology*; D002469:Cell Separation / Q000379:methods; D019008:Drug Resistance, Neoplasm; D006801:Humans; D014411:Neoplastic Stem Cells / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology*; D012516:Osteosarcoma / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology*; D010641:Phenotype
chemical_list: D000970:Antineoplastic Agents; D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor
keywords: Bone cancer; Cancer stem cell; Osteosarcoma; Tumour heterogeneity