title: Identification of differentially expressed genes in the development of osteosarcoma using RNA-seq.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Osteosarcoma (OS) is a malignant bone tumor with high morbidity in young adults and adolescents. This study aimed to discover potential early diagnosis biomarkers in OS.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In total, 111 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified in primary OS compared with normal controls and 235 DEGs were identified in metastatic OS compared with primary OS. AURKB and PPP2R2B were the significantly up-regulated and down-regulated hub proteins, respectively, in the PPI protein-protein network (PPI) network of primary OS. ISG15 and BTRC were the significantly up-regulated and down-regulated hub proteins, respectively, in the network of metastatic OS. The DEGs in metastatic OS compared with primary OS were significantly enriched in the arachidonic acid metabolism, malaria, and chemokine signaling pathways. Finally, we employed quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) to validate the expression levels of candidate DEGs and the results indicated that our bioinformatics approach was acceptable.
  
  
  METHODS
  The mRNA expression profiling of 20 subjects was obtained through high-throughput RNA-sequencing. DEGs were identified between primary OS and normal Control, and between primary OS and metastatic OS, respectively. Functional annotation and PPI networks were used to obtain insights into the functions of DEGs. qRT-PCR was performed to detect the expression levels of dysregulated genes in OS.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our work might provide groundwork for the further exploration of tumorigenesis and metastasis mechanisms of OS.
authors.affiliation: Bone and Soft Tissue Tumors Research Center of Yunnan Province, Department of Orthopaedics, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University (Tumor Hospital of Yunnan Province), Kunming, Yunnan 650118, China.
authors.forename: Yihao
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.affiliation: Bone and Soft Tissue Tumors Research Center of Yunnan Province, Department of Orthopaedics, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University (Tumor Hospital of Yunnan Province), Kunming, Yunnan 650118, China.
authors.forename: Ya
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: Bone and Soft Tissue Tumors Research Center of Yunnan Province, Department of Orthopaedics, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University (Tumor Hospital of Yunnan Province), Kunming, Yunnan 650118, China.
authors.forename: Xin
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Qu
authors.affiliation: Bone and Soft Tissue Tumors Research Center of Yunnan Province, Department of Orthopaedics, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University (Tumor Hospital of Yunnan Province), Kunming, Yunnan 650118, China.
authors.forename: Junfeng
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Xia
authors.affiliation: Bone and Soft Tissue Tumors Research Center of Yunnan Province, Department of Orthopaedics, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University (Tumor Hospital of Yunnan Province), Kunming, Yunnan 650118, China.
authors.forename: Dongqi
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: Bone and Soft Tissue Tumors Research Center of Yunnan Province, Department of Orthopaedics, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University (Tumor Hospital of Yunnan Province), Kunming, Yunnan 650118, China.
authors.forename: Xiaojuan
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: Bone and Soft Tissue Tumors Research Center of Yunnan Province, Department of Orthopaedics, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University (Tumor Hospital of Yunnan Province), Kunming, Yunnan 650118, China.
authors.forename: Yu
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: Bone and Soft Tissue Tumors Research Center of Yunnan Province, Department of Orthopaedics, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University (Tumor Hospital of Yunnan Province), Kunming, Yunnan 650118, China.
authors.forename: Zewei
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: He
authors.affiliation: Bone and Soft Tissue Tumors Research Center of Yunnan Province, Department of Orthopaedics, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University (Tumor Hospital of Yunnan Province), Kunming, Yunnan 650118, China.
authors.forename: Su
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: Bone and Soft Tissue Tumors Research Center of Yunnan Province, Department of Orthopaedics, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University (Tumor Hospital of Yunnan Province), Kunming, Yunnan 650118, China.
authors.forename: Yonghong
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Zhou
authors.affiliation: Bone and Soft Tissue Tumors Research Center of Yunnan Province, Department of Orthopaedics, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University (Tumor Hospital of Yunnan Province), Kunming, Yunnan 650118, China.
authors.forename: Lin
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Xie
authors.affiliation: Bone and Soft Tissue Tumors Research Center of Yunnan Province, Department of Orthopaedics, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University (Tumor Hospital of Yunnan Province), Kunming, Yunnan 650118, China.
authors.forename: Zuozhang
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Yang
mesh_terms: D001859:Bone Neoplasms / Q000235:genetics* / Q000473:pathology; D015972:Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic; D059014:High-Throughput Nucleotide Sequencing; D006801:Humans; D009362:Neoplasm Metastasis; D012516:Osteosarcoma / Q000235:genetics* / Q000556:secondary; D060066:Protein Interaction Maps; D060888:Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction; D059467:Transcriptome
keywords: differentially expressed genes; metastatic osteosarcoma; network; primary osteosarcoma; target