title: Pediatric multiple sclerosis: updates in epidemiology, clinical features and management.
abstract: Consensus definitions for acute demyelinating syndromes in children have led to increased recognition of pediatric multiple sclerosis and improved our understanding of its pathogenesis, epidemiology and treatment. An estimated 2-10% of MS patients experience their first clinical symptom in childhood. Multiple genetic and environmental risk factors have been identified in the pathogenesis of pediatric MS, although further research to determine their interplay is required. Clinical trials of emerging disease-modifying therapies in children are nearing completion. Additional treatment options are expected to bring associated challenges. As pediatric MS remains relatively uncommon overall, international collaboration is essential to facilitate research.
authors.affiliation: Assistant Professor of Neurology, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
authors.forename: Sona
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Narula
mesh_terms: D002648:Child; D006801:Humans; D009103:Multiple Sclerosis / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000209:etiology / Q000628:therapy; D012307:Risk Factors
keywords: diagnosis; management; pediatric multiple sclerosis; randomized controlled trials; risk factors