title: Kolkhoung (Pistacia khinjuk) Hull Oil and Kernel Oil as Antioxidative Vegetable Oils with High Oxidative Stability  and Nutritional Value.
abstract: In this study, in order to introduce natural antioxidative vegetable oil in food industry, the kolkhoung hull oil and kernel oil were extracted. To evaluate their antioxidant efficiency, gas chromatography analysis of the composition of kolkhoung hull and kernel oil fatty acids and high-performance liquid chromatography analysis of tocopherols were done. Also, the oxidative stability of the oil was considered based on the peroxide value and anisidine value during heating at 100, 110 and 120 °C. Gas chromatography analysis showed that oleic acid was the major fatty acid of both types of oil (hull and kernel) and based on a low content of saturated fatty acids, high content of monounsaturated fatty acids, and the ratio of ω-6 and ω-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids, they were nutritionally well--balanced. Moreover, both hull and kernel oil showed high oxidative stability during heating, which can be attributed to high content of tocotrienols. Based on the results, kolkhoung hull oil acted slightly better than its kernel oil. However, both of them can be added to oxidation-sensitive oils to improve their shelf life.
authors.affiliation: Department of Food Science and Technology, Sari Agricultural Sciences and  Natural Resources University (SANRU), Sari, Iran.
authors.forename: Maryam
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Asnaashari
authors.affiliation: Department of Food Science and Technology, College of Agriculture, Fasa University, Fasa, Iran.
authors.forename: Seyed Mohammad Bagher
authors.initials: SM
authors.lastname: Hashemi
authors.affiliation: Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Faculty of Agriculture, Department of Food Science and Technology, Mashhad, Iran.
authors.forename: Hamed Mahdavian
authors.initials: HM
authors.lastname: Mehr
authors.affiliation: Department of Food Science and Technology, College of Agriculture, Shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran.
authors.forename: Seyed Hossein Asadi
authors.initials: SH
authors.lastname: Yousefabad
keywords: chemical composition; hull oil; kernel oil; kolkhoung (Pistacia khinjuk); oxidative stability