title: Venous malformations of the head and neck: current concepts in management.
abstract: Low-flow venous malformations are congenital lesions and they are the third most common vascular anomaly in the head and neck. In this paper, the third in a series of three educational reviews, we discuss current trends in their management, and include a summary of common sclerosant agents used in their control.
authors.affiliation: Consultant, Oral & Maxillofacial Surgery, Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Hills Road, Cambridge, CB2 0QQ. Electronic address: cjfowell@doctors.org.uk.
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Fowell
authors.affiliation: Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, University Hospitals Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust, Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Birmingham, B15 2WB.
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Verea Linares
authors.affiliation: University Hospitals Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust, Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Birmingham, B15 2WB.
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Jones
authors.affiliation: Birmingham Children's Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, Steelhouse Lane, Birmingham, B4 6NH.
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Nishikawa
authors.affiliation: Hospitals Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust, Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Birmingham, B15 2WB.
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Monaghan
mesh_terms: D006257:Head / Q000098:blood supply*; D006801:Humans; D009333:Neck / Q000098:blood supply*; D015911:Sclerotherapy / Q000379:methods; D054079:Vascular Malformations / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000601:surgery / Q000628:therapy*; D014680:Veins / Q000002:abnormalities* / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000601:surgery
keywords: Sclerotherapy; Vascular anomalies; Venous malformations