title: A Pilot Comparison of a Smartphone App With or Without 2-Way Messaging Among Chronic Pain Patients: Who Benefits From a Pain App?
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The overall aim of this study was to determine the effect of introducing a smartphone pain application (app), for both Android and iPhone devices that enables chronic pain patients to assess, monitor, and communicate their status to their providers.
  
  
  METHODS
  This study recruited 105 chronic pain patients to use a smartphone pain app and half of the patients (N=52) had 2-way messaging available through the app. All patients completed baseline measures and were asked to record their progress every day for 3 months, with the opportunity to continue for 6 months. All participants were supplied a Fitbit to track daily activity. Summary line graphs were posted to each of the patients' electronic medical records and physicians were notified of their patient's progress.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Ninety patients successfully downloaded the pain app. Average age of the participants was 47.1 (range, 18 to 72), 63.8% were female and 32.3% reported multiple pain sites. Adequate validity and reliability was found between the daily assessments and standardized questionnaires (r=0.50) and in repeated daily measures (pain, r=0.69; sleep, r=0.83). The app was found to be easily introduced and well tolerated. Those patients assigned to the 2-way messaging condition on average tended to use the app more and submit more daily assessments (95.6 vs. 71.6 entries), but differences between groups were not significant. Pain-app satisfaction ratings overall were high.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This study highlights some of the challenges and benefits in utilizing smartphone apps to manage chronic pain patients, and provides insight into those individuals who might benefit from mHealth technology.
authors.affiliation: Departments of *Anesthesiology, Perioperative and Pain Medicine, Pain Management Center †Psychiatry, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA.
authors.forename: Robert N
authors.initials: RN
authors.lastname: Jamison
authors.forename: Dylan C
authors.initials: DC
authors.lastname: Jurcik
authors.forename: Robert R
authors.initials: RR
authors.lastname: Edwards
authors.forename: Chuan-Chin
authors.initials: CC
authors.lastname: Huang
authors.forename: Edgar L
authors.initials: EL
authors.lastname: Ross
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D059350:Chronic Pain / Q000534:rehabilitation*; D057286:Electronic Health Records; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D063731:Mobile Applications; D059408:Pain Management / Q000379:methods; D010147:Pain Measurement; D017060:Patient Satisfaction; D010817:Physician-Patient Relations; D010865:Pilot Projects; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D000068997:Smartphone; D017216:Telemedicine; D060145:Text Messaging; D055815:Young Adult