title: Neuroendocrine Inflammatory Responses in Overweight/Obese Infants.
abstract: Childhood obesity is related to a cascade of neuroendocrine inflammatory changes. However, there remains a gap in the current literature regarding the possible occurrence of these changes in overweight/obese infants. The objective of this study was to evaluate adipokines, cortisol, brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and redox status in overweight/obese infants versus normal-weight peers. A cross-sectional study was conducted with 50 infants (25 in the overweight/obese group and 25 in the normal-weight group) between 6 and 24 months. Plasma levels of leptin, adiponectin, resistin, soluble tumor necrosis factor (TNF) receptors, chemokines, BDNF, serum cortisol and redox status were measured. Unpaired Student's t-test was used to analyze the results and a probability of p<0.05 was acceptable for rejection of the null hypothesis. The Pearson correlation was used to verify the association between the biomarkers analyzed in each group. Plasma levels of leptin (p = 0.0001), adiponectin (p = 0.0007) and BDNF (p = 0.003), and serum cortisol (p = 0.048) were significantly higher in overweight/obese infants than normal-weight infants. In contrast, the concentration of thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) (p = 0.004), and catalase (p = 0.045) and superoxide dismutase activity (p = 0.02) were lower in overweight/obese infants than normal-weight peers. All the results together indicate neuroendocrine inflammatory response changes in overweight/obese infants between 6 and 24 months. Although there is already an environment that predisposes for a subsequent pro-inflammatory response, neuroendocrine secretion changes that permit the control of the inflammatory process in this age interval can be observed.
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Fisioterapia, Universidade Federal dos Vales do Jequitinhonha e Mucuri, Diamantina, Minas Gerais, Brazil.|Programa Multicêntrico de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Fisiológicas, Sociedade Brasileira de Fisiologia, Diamantina, Brazil.
authors.forename: Ana Cristina Resende
authors.initials: AC
authors.lastname: Camargos
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Fisioterapia, Universidade Federal dos Vales do Jequitinhonha e Mucuri, Diamantina, Minas Gerais, Brazil.|Programa Multicêntrico de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Fisiológicas, Sociedade Brasileira de Fisiologia, Diamantina, Brazil.
authors.forename: Vanessa Amaral
authors.initials: VA
authors.lastname: Mendonça
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Fisioterapia, Universidade Federal dos Vales do Jequitinhonha e Mucuri, Diamantina, Minas Gerais, Brazil.
authors.forename: Camila Alves de
authors.initials: CA
authors.lastname: Andrade
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Fisioterapia, Universidade Federal dos Vales do Jequitinhonha e Mucuri, Diamantina, Minas Gerais, Brazil.
authors.forename: Katherine Simone Caires
authors.initials: KS
authors.lastname: Oliveira
authors.affiliation: Programa Multicêntrico de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Fisiológicas, Sociedade Brasileira de Fisiologia, Diamantina, Brazil.
authors.forename: Rosalina
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Tossige-Gomes
authors.affiliation: Programa Multicêntrico de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Fisiológicas, Sociedade Brasileira de Fisiologia, Diamantina, Brazil.
authors.forename: Etel
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Rocha-Vieira
authors.affiliation: Programa Multicêntrico de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Fisiológicas, Sociedade Brasileira de Fisiologia, Diamantina, Brazil.
authors.forename: Camila Danielle Cunha
authors.initials: CD
authors.lastname: Neves
authors.affiliation: Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil.
authors.forename: Érica Leandro Marciano
authors.initials: ÉL
authors.lastname: Vieira
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Fisioterapia, Universidade Federal dos Vales do Jequitinhonha e Mucuri, Diamantina, Minas Gerais, Brazil.|Programa Multicêntrico de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Fisiológicas, Sociedade Brasileira de Fisiologia, Diamantina, Brazil.
authors.forename: Hércules Ribeiro
authors.initials: HR
authors.lastname: Leite
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Fisioterapia, Universidade Federal dos Vales do Jequitinhonha e Mucuri, Diamantina, Minas Gerais, Brazil.
authors.forename: Murilo Xavier
authors.initials: MX
authors.lastname: Oliveira
authors.affiliation: Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil.
authors.forename: Antônio Lúcio Teixeira
authors.initials: AL
authors.lastname: Júnior
authors.affiliation: Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil.
authors.forename: Cândido Celso
authors.initials: CC
authors.lastname: Coimbra
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Fisioterapia, Universidade Federal dos Vales do Jequitinhonha e Mucuri, Diamantina, Minas Gerais, Brazil.|Programa Multicêntrico de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Fisiológicas, Sociedade Brasileira de Fisiologia, Diamantina, Brazil.
authors.forename: Ana Cristina Rodrigues
authors.initials: AC
authors.lastname: Lacerda
mesh_terms: D054392:Adipokines / Q000097:blood; D052242:Adiponectin / Q000097:blood; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000097:blood; D001823:Body Composition; D001835:Body Weight; D019208:Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor / Q000097:blood; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D006801:Humans; D006854:Hydrocortisone / Q000097:blood; D007223:Infant; D007249:Inflammation / Q000097:blood* / Q000473:pathology; D020738:Leptin / Q000097:blood; D009490:Neurosecretory Systems / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology; D009765:Obesity / Q000097:blood* / Q000473:pathology; D050177:Overweight / Q000097:blood* / Q000473:pathology; D010084:Oxidation-Reduction
chemical_list: D054392:Adipokines; D052242:Adiponectin; D015415:Biomarkers; D019208:Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor; D020738:Leptin; C579455:BDNF protein, human; D006854:Hydrocortisone