title: High-performance liquid chromatography evaluation of the enantiomeric purity of amino acids by means of automated precolumn derivatization with ortho-phthalaldehyde and chiral thiols.
abstract: The use of ortho-phthalaldehyde (OPA) for the derivatization of amino acids (AA) is well known. It enables the separation of the derivatives on common reversed phase columns and improves the sensitivity with fluorescence detection. With the use of a chiral thiol an indirect enantioseparation of chiral amines and AAs is feasible. The major drawback of the OPA-derivatization is the poor stability of the products. Here, a method with an in-needle derivatization procedure is optimized to facilitate a quantitative conversion of the AA with OPA and the chiral thiols N-acetyl-L-cysteine or N-isobutyryl-L-cysteine, followed by a subsequent analysis, eluding the stability issue. Both enantiomers of a single AA were separated as OPA-derivatives with a pentafluorophenyl column and a gradient program consisting of 50 mM sodium acetate buffer pH = 5.0 and acetonitrile. Fluorescence detection is commonly used to achieve sufficient sensitivity. In this study, the enantiomeric impurity of an AA can be detected indirectly with common UV spectrophotometric detection with a limit of quantitation of 0.04%. Seventeen different L-AAs were tested and the amount of D-AA for each individual AA was calculated by means of area normalization, which ranged from not detectable up to 4.29%. The recovery of the minor enantiomer of L- and D-AA was demonstrated for three AAs at a 0.04% level and ranged between 92.3 and 113.3%, with the relative standard deviation between 1.7 and 8.2%.
authors.affiliation: University of Würzburg, Institute for Pharmacy and Food Chemistry, Würzburg, Germany.
authors.forename: Raphael
authors.identifier: 0000-0001-5133-5984
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Kühnreich
authors.affiliation: University of Würzburg, Institute for Pharmacy and Food Chemistry, Würzburg, Germany.
authors.forename: Ulrike
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: Holzgrabe
mesh_terms: D000596:Amino Acids / Q000032:analysis* / Q000737:chemistry*; D001331:Automation; D002851:Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods*; D057230:Limit of Detection; D013056:Spectrophotometry, Ultraviolet; D013237:Stereoisomerism; D013438:Sulfhydryl Compounds / Q000737:chemistry; D009764:o-Phthalaldehyde / Q000737:chemistry
chemical_list: D000596:Amino Acids; D013438:Sulfhydryl Compounds; D009764:o-Phthalaldehyde
keywords: UV spectrophotometric detection; amino acids; enantiomeric purity; indirect enantioseparation; ortho-phthalaldehyde