title: Relocation stress induces short-term fecal cortisol increase in Tonkean macaques (Macaca tonkeana).
abstract: The level of glucocorticoids, especially if obtained from noninvasive sampling, can be used as an index of animal well-being, allowing evaluation of the animal's response to environmental modifications. Despite evidence that these hormones play a relevant role in energy metabolism regulation in perceived or real stress events, little is known regarding the factors that could modify the capability of animals to cope with relocation events. The aim of this research was to assess fecal cortisol metabolite concentrations before, during and after acute stress (transfer and relocation event) in two well-established social groups of Tonkean macaques (Macaca tonkeana). The results showed that the fecal levels of cortisol increased in individuals of both groups in response to the stress event, with a similar trend in males and females. Hormone levels were back to baseline values in both groups a few days after transfer and relocation. The presence of known social partners could be one of the factors that possibly facilitated the adaptation process.
authors.affiliation: Fondazione Ethoikos, Convento dell'Osservanza, 53030, Radicondoli, Italy. carlo.cinque@ethoikos.it.|Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy. carlo.cinque@ethoikos.it.
authors.forename: Carlo
authors.identifier: http://orcid.org/0000-0001-5612-641X
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Cinque
authors.affiliation: Fondazione Ethoikos, Convento dell'Osservanza, 53030, Radicondoli, Italy.|Giardino Faunistico di Piano dell'Abatino, Poggio San Lorenzo, Italy.
authors.forename: Arianna
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: De Marco
authors.affiliation: Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy.|Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, INSERM U1141, Robert-Debré Children University Hospital, Denis Diderot Paris University, APHP, 75019, Paris, France.
authors.forename: Jerome
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Mairesse
authors.affiliation: Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy.
authors.forename: Chiara
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Giuli
authors.affiliation: Fondazione Ethoikos, Convento dell'Osservanza, 53030, Radicondoli, Italy.
authors.forename: Andrea
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Sanna
authors.affiliation: Fondazione Ethoikos, Convento dell'Osservanza, 53030, Radicondoli, Italy.|Giardino Faunistico di Piano dell'Abatino, Poggio San Lorenzo, Italy.
authors.forename: Lorenzo
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: De Marco
authors.affiliation: Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy.
authors.forename: Anna Rita
authors.initials: AR
authors.lastname: Zuena
authors.affiliation: Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy.
authors.forename: Paola
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Casolini
authors.affiliation: Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy.
authors.forename: Assia
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Catalani
authors.affiliation: Département Ecologie, Physiologie et Ethologie, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Strasbourg, France.|Institut Pluridisciplinaire Hubert Curien, Université de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France.
authors.forename: Bernard
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Thierry
authors.affiliation: Fondazione Ethoikos, Convento dell'Osservanza, 53030, Radicondoli, Italy.
authors.forename: Roberto
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Cozzolino
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D003247:Conservation of Natural Resources; D005243:Feces / Q000737:chemistry*; D005260:Female; D005938:Glucocorticoids / Q000378:metabolism*; D006854:Hydrocortisone / Q000378:metabolism*; D007214:Indonesia; D008251:Macaca / Q000502:physiology*; D008297:Male; D013312:Stress, Physiological / Q000502:physiology*; D014186:Transportation
chemical_list: D005938:Glucocorticoids; D006854:Hydrocortisone
keywords: Enzyme immunoassay; Glucocorticoid; Noninvasive; Primates; Social group