title: Effects of intratracheal exposure of 2-chloroethyl ethyl sulfide (CEES) on the activation of CCAAT-enhancer-binding protein (C/EBP) and its protection by antioxidant liposome.
abstract: Exposure of 2-chloroethyl ethyl sulfide (CEES) to guinea pigs causes lung injury by infiltration of neutrophils in interstitial lung spaces. A unique MAPK-regulated transcription factor, C/EBP (CCAAT-enhancer-binding protein), regulates the expression of intracellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1), involved in recruiting neutrophils in lung. The present study was to determine if CEES exposure causes activation of C/EBP, in particular the predominant β-isoform and if so whether it can be prevented by intratracheal delivery of an antioxidant liposome containing N-acetyl cysteine and tocopherols. Lung injury was developed in guinea pigs by intratracheal exposure of CEES (0.5 mg/kg). The antioxidant liposome was given intratracheally 5 min after CEES exposure, and the animals were sacrificed after 30 days. CEES exposure caused a 2.3-fold increase in the activation of C/EBP accompanied with a 45% and 121% increase in the protein level of C/EBP β and ICAM-1, respectively, and this effect was counteracted by the antioxidant liposome.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biochemistry and Cancer Biology, Meharry Medical College, Nashville, TN, 37208.
authors.forename: Somdutta Sinha
authors.initials: SS
authors.lastname: Roy
authors.affiliation: Department of Professional & Medical Education: Neuroscience & Pharmacology, Meharry Medical College, Nashville, TN, 37208.
authors.forename: Shyamali
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Mukherjee
authors.affiliation: Department of Biochemistry and Cancer Biology, Meharry Medical College, Nashville, TN, 37208.
authors.forename: Salil K
authors.initials: SK
authors.lastname: Das
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000975:Antioxidants / Q000494:pharmacology*; D022762:CCAAT-Enhancer-Binding Proteins / Q000378:metabolism*; D006168:Guinea Pigs; D018799:Intercellular Adhesion Molecule-1 / Q000378:metabolism; D008081:Liposomes; D055370:Lung Injury / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000378:metabolism*; D008297:Male; D009151:Mustard Gas / Q000633:toxicity*
chemical_list: D000975:Antioxidants; D022762:CCAAT-Enhancer-Binding Proteins; D008081:Liposomes; D018799:Intercellular Adhesion Molecule-1; D009151:Mustard Gas
keywords: 2-chloroethyl ethyl sulfide (CEES); C/EBP (CCAAT-enhancer-binding protein); ICAM-1; antioxidant liposome; lung injury