title: Individual Differences in Dynamic Functional Brain Connectivity across the Human Lifespan.
abstract: Individual differences in brain functional networks may be related to complex personal identifiers, including health, age, and ability. Dynamic network theory has been used to identify properties of dynamic brain function from fMRI data, but the majority of analyses and findings remain at the level of the group. Here, we apply hypergraph analysis, a method from dynamic network theory, to quantify individual differences in brain functional dynamics. Using a summary metric derived from the hypergraph formalism-hypergraph cardinality-we investigate individual variations in two separate, complementary data sets. The first data set ("multi-task") consists of 77 individuals engaging in four consecutive cognitive tasks. We observe that hypergraph cardinality exhibits variation across individuals while remaining consistent within individuals between tasks; moreover, the analysis of one of the memory tasks revealed a marginally significant correspondence between hypergraph cardinality and age. This finding motivated a similar analysis of the second data set ("age-memory"), in which 95 individuals, aged 18-75, performed a memory task with a similar structure to the multi-task memory task. With the increased age range in the age-memory data set, the correlation between hypergraph cardinality and age correspondence becomes significant. We discuss these results in the context of the well-known finding linking age with network structure, and suggest that hypergraph analysis should serve as a useful tool in furthering our understanding of the dynamic network structure of the brain.
authors.affiliation: Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey, United States of America.
authors.forename: Elizabeth N
authors.initials: EN
authors.lastname: Davison
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychological & Brain Sciences, University of California, Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, California, United States of America.
authors.forename: Benjamin O
authors.initials: BO
authors.lastname: Turner
authors.affiliation: Department of Physics, University of California, Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, California, United States of America.
authors.forename: Kimberly J
authors.identifier: http://orcid.org/0000-0002-3793-6748
authors.initials: KJ
authors.lastname: Schlesinger
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychological & Brain Sciences, University of California, Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, California, United States of America.
authors.forename: Michael B
authors.initials: MB
authors.lastname: Miller
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychological & Brain Sciences, University of California, Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, California, United States of America.
authors.forename: Scott T
authors.identifier: http://orcid.org/0000-0003-4015-3151
authors.initials: ST
authors.lastname: Grafton
authors.affiliation: Department of Bioengineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America.|Department of Electrical and Systems Engineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America.
authors.forename: Danielle S
authors.identifier: http://orcid.org/0000-0002-6183-4493
authors.initials: DS
authors.lastname: Bassett
authors.affiliation: Department of Physics, University of California, Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, California, United States of America.
authors.forename: Jean M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Carlson
mesh_terms: D000222:Adaptation, Physiological / Q000502:physiology; D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D001921:Brain / Q000502:physiology*; D003071:Cognition / Q000502:physiology*; D003198:Computer Simulation; D063132:Connectome / Q000379:methods*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008136:Longevity / Q000502:physiology*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D008959:Models, Neurological; D009415:Nerve Net / Q000502:physiology*; D009434:Neural Pathways / Q000502:physiology; D009473:Neuronal Plasticity / Q000502:physiology; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D055815:Young Adult