title: Microsatellite loci and genetic structure of artificial populations of Cotesia flavipes (Hymenoptera, Braconidae).
abstract: Cotesia flavipes (Cameron) is a parasitoid wasp used in the biological control of the sugarcane borer (Diatraea saccharalis) (Fabr., 1794). Studies on the genetic diversity of C. flavipes are hampered by the lack of highly polymorphic molecular markers. In this report, a set of 11 microsatellite loci were developed from an enriched library of C. flavipes. Four microsatellite loci were polymorphic and were screened in 212 C. flavipes individuals (183 females and 29 males) that were randomly sampled from seven rearing laboratory populations. The number of alleles ranged from two to three. The average inbreeding coefficient (FIS) among all laboratory populations was 0.120, indicating an excess of homozygotes. The average genetic diversity within the laboratory populations was 0.292, which is lower than the values reported for wild Cotesia spp populations. Genetic diversity was most pronounced within laboratory populations (70 to 90%). Most of the observed alleles were fixed or close to fixation. This low overall genetic diversity may have originated from a founder effect, i.e., the contribution of a small number of individuals (genes and alleles) to the formation of these populations. To our knowledge, this study is the first to provide microsatellite loci and an analysis of the genetic structure of C. flavipes. Our results suggest that new introductions of C. flavipes may increase genetic diversity and improve the efficiency of the biological control of D. saccharalis. In addition, population structure data could be used to estimate the minimum number of wasps to be imported.
authors.affiliation: Instituto Agronômico, Centro de Cana, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brasil lucianasouza@iac.sp.gov.br.
authors.forename: L O S
authors.initials: LO
authors.lastname: Anjos
authors.affiliation: Instituto Agronômico, Centro de Cana, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brasil.
authors.forename: R F
authors.initials: RF
authors.lastname: Peixoto
authors.affiliation: Instituto Agronômico, Centro de Cana, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brasil.
authors.forename: D M S
authors.initials: DM
authors.lastname: Chanquinie
authors.affiliation: Instituto Agronômico, Centro de Cana, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brasil.
authors.forename: L R
authors.initials: LR
authors.lastname: Pinto
authors.affiliation: Instituto Agronômico, Centro de Cana, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brasil.
authors.forename: S A
authors.initials: SA
authors.lastname: Creste
authors.affiliation: Instituto Agronômico, Centro de Cana, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brasil.
authors.forename: L L
authors.initials: LL
authors.lastname: Dinardo-Miranda
authors.affiliation: Instituto Agronômico, Centro de Cana, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brasil.
authors.forename: M G A
authors.initials: MG
authors.lastname: Landell
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Genética, Escola Superior de Agricultura Luiz de Queiroz, Universidade de São Paulo, Piracicaba, SP, Brasil.|Departamento de Engenharia Florestal, Universidade Estadual do Centro-Oeste, Riozinho, Irati, PR, Brasil.
authors.forename: E V
authors.initials: EV
authors.lastname: Tambarussi
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Genética, Escola Superior de Agricultura Luiz de Queiroz, Universidade de São Paulo, Piracicaba, SP, Brasil.
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Vencovsky
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D005260:Female; D018703:Founder Effect; D017344:Genes, Insect; D014644:Genetic Variation; D006927:Hymenoptera / Q000235:genetics*; D007178:Inbreeding; D008297:Male; D018895:Microsatellite Repeats