title: Strategies for Improving the Value of the Radiology Report: A Retrospective Analysis of Errors in Formally Over-read Studies.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The radiology report is a critical component of the Imaging Value Chain. Unfortunately, the quality of this aspect of a radiologist's work is often heterogeneous and fails to add significant value to the referring provider and, ultimately, the patient. Gauging what defines quality can be elusive; however, we elucidate techniques that can be employed to ensure that reports are more comprehensible, actionable, and useful to our customers.
  
  
  METHODS
  Four hundred consecutive studies (July-August 2015) submitted to our institution with request for a formal over-read were reviewed retrospectively, specifically focused on analyzing differences in language, organization, and impression between the outside reports and the formal over-reads performed at our institution. The formal over-reads were classified into one of the following categories: (1) no clinically significant change; (2) emergent clinically significant change; (3) nonemergent clinically significant change. Clinically significant changes were further classified as either perceptual or cognitive errors.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A total of 12.4% of formally over-read reports had clinically significant changes. Of these, 22.2% were emergent changes. Clinically significant changes were composed of 64.4% perceptual error and 35.6% cognitive error. Four strategies were discovered specifically related to reporting techniques that helped mitigate these errors on formal over-reads: (1) synthesizing varied anatomic findings into a cohesive disease process; (2) integration of relevant electronic health record data; (3) use of structured reporting; and (4) forming actionable impressions.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  We identify, through examples, four strategies for reporting that add value through reduction of radiologic error, helping to mitigate the 12.4% clinically significant error rate found in reinterpretation of outside studies.
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology and Medical Imaging, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia. Electronic address: sjk4g@virginia.edu.
authors.forename: Suraj Jay
authors.initials: SJ
authors.lastname: Kabadi
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology and Medical Imaging, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia.
authors.forename: Arun
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Krishnaraj
mesh_terms: D057286:Electronic Health Records / Q000592:standards*; D006801:Humans; D058996:Quality Improvement; D011872:Radiology Department, Hospital / Q000592:standards*; D011873:Radiology Information Systems / Q000592:standards*; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D014768:Virginia
keywords: Structured report; actionable impression; clinical data; error; over-read