title: Brain aluminium accumulation and oxidative stress in the presence of calcium silicate dental cements.
abstract: Mineral trioxide aggregate (MTA) is a calcium silicate dental cement used for various applications in dentistry. This study was undertaken to test whether the presence of three commercial brands of calcium silicate dental cements in the dental extraction socket of rats would affect the brain aluminium (Al) levels and oxidative stress parameters. Right upper incisor was extracted and polyethylene tubes filled with MTA Angelus, MTA Fillapex or Theracal LC, or left empty for the control group, were inserted into the extraction socket. Rats were killed 7, 30 or 60 days after operation. Brain tissues were obtained before killing. Al levels were measured by atomic absorption spectrometry. Thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) levels, catalase (CAT), superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione peroxidase (GPx) activities were determined using spectrophotometry. A transient peak was observed in brain Al level of MTA Angelus group on day 7, while MTA Fillapex and Theracal LC groups reached highest brain Al level on day 60. Brain TBARS level, CAT, SOD and GPx activities transiently increased on day 7 and then returned to almost normal levels. This in vivo study for the first time indicated that initial washout may have occurred in MTA Angelus, while element leaching after the setting is complete may have taken place for MTA Fillapex and Theracal LC. Moreover, oxidative stress was induced and antioxidant enzymes were transiently upregulated. Further studies to search for oxidative neuronal damage should be done to completely understand the possible toxic effects of calcium silicate cements on the brain.
authors.affiliation: 1 Department of Restorative Dentistry and Endodontics, Gülhane Military Medical Academy, Ankara, Turkey.
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Demirkaya
authors.affiliation: 2 Department of Biomedical Engineering, TOBB University of Economics and Technology, Ankara, Turkey.
authors.forename: B Can
authors.initials: BC
authors.lastname: Demirdöğen
authors.affiliation: 1 Department of Restorative Dentistry and Endodontics, Gülhane Military Medical Academy, Ankara, Turkey.
authors.forename: Z Öncel
authors.initials: ZÖ
authors.lastname: Torun
authors.affiliation: 3 Department of Toxicology, Gülhane Military Medical Academy, Ankara, Turkey.
authors.forename: O
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Erdem
authors.affiliation: 3 Department of Toxicology, Gülhane Military Medical Academy, Ankara, Turkey.
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Çırak
authors.affiliation: 1 Department of Restorative Dentistry and Endodontics, Gülhane Military Medical Academy, Ankara, Turkey.
authors.forename: Y M
authors.initials: YM
authors.lastname: Tunca
mesh_terms: D000535:Aluminum / Q000378:metabolism*; D017607:Aluminum Compounds / Q000633:toxicity*; D000818:Animals; D001921:Brain / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism; D017610:Calcium Compounds / Q000633:toxicity*; D002374:Catalase / Q000378:metabolism; D003738:Dental Cements / Q000633:toxicity*; D004338:Drug Combinations; D005979:Glutathione Peroxidase / Q000378:metabolism; D008297:Male; D018384:Oxidative Stress / Q000187:drug effects*; D010087:Oxides / Q000633:toxicity*; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D017640:Silicates / Q000633:toxicity*; D013482:Superoxide Dismutase / Q000378:metabolism; D017392:Thiobarbituric Acid Reactive Substances / Q000378:metabolism; D020390:Tooth Socket
chemical_list: D017607:Aluminum Compounds; D017610:Calcium Compounds; D003738:Dental Cements; D004338:Drug Combinations; D010087:Oxides; D017640:Silicates; D017392:Thiobarbituric Acid Reactive Substances; C086631:mineral trioxide aggregate; D000535:Aluminum; D002374:Catalase; D005979:Glutathione Peroxidase; D013482:Superoxide Dismutase
keywords: Aluminium; TBARS; biomaterial; catalase; dental cement; endodontics; glutathione peroxidase; mineral trioxide aggregate; superoxide dismutase