title: Cosmetics Use-Related Adverse Events and Determinants Among Jigjiga Town Residents, Eastern Ethiopia.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Non-medicated cosmetics use is very common among the Ethiopian population. However, little is known about these products' related adverse events. The aim of this study was to assess the prevalence and determinants of cosmetics-related adverse events among Jigjiga Town residents, Eastern Ethiopia.
  
  
  METHODS
  A community-based cross-sectional study design was conducted in May and June 2014. Semi-structured interviews were used to collect cosmetics use pattern and related adverse events. For assessing determinants, logistic regression was used and statistical significance was set at p < 0.05.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Overall, 600 participants were approached with a 93% response rate. Ninety-three percent (n = 521) of them reported the use of cosmetics at least once within 2 weeks prior to this study, and of these, 229 (44%) used traditional herbal cosmetics along with modern cosmetics. A total of 342 (61%) reported experiencing adverse events of which the most common reported were: allergic reactions, 149 (36%); the appearance of acne, 66 (16%); and hirsutism, 52 (12.5%). The occurrence of cosmetics-related adverse events were significantly associated with the number of cosmetics used per day, the frequency of use, mixing of different types of cosmetics together, and mixing of cosmetics with water or saliva.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  A higher proportion of cosmetic users reported experiencing at least one adverse event. The number of cosmetic products and frequency of use were important predictors for experiencing adverse events. This implies the need to consider safety concerns related to cosmetic use. Approaches to address such issues may include awareness creation programs and promoting the concept of cosmetovigilance among cosmetic sellers, users, and other stakeholders.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmaceutics and Social Pharmacy, College of Health Sciences, School of Pharmacy, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. arebu.issa@aau.edu.et.
authors.forename: Arebu I
authors.initials: AI
authors.lastname: Bilal
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmaceutics and Social Pharmacy, College of Health Sciences, School of Pharmacy, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.
authors.forename: Zelalem
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Tilahun
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacy, Jigjiga Health Sciences College, Jigjiga, Ethiopia.
authors.forename: Ebrahim D
authors.initials: ED
authors.lastname: Osman
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacology, College of Health Sciences, School of Medicine, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.
authors.forename: Anwar
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Mulugeta
authors.affiliation: Department of Public Health, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Jigjiga University, Jigjiga, Ethiopia.
authors.forename: Muktar
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Shekabdulahi
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacy, College of Health Sciences, Mekelle University, Mekelle, Ethiopia.
authors.forename: Derbew Fikadu
authors.initials: DF
authors.lastname: Berhe
keywords: Adverse cosmetic events; Cosmetics; Cross-sectional study; Ethiopia; Jigjiga