title: Effect of Butyrate on Collagen Expression, Cell Viability, Cell Cycle Progression and Related Proteins Expression of MG-63 Osteoblastic Cells.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Butyric acid is one major metabolic product generated by anaerobic Gram-negative bacteria of periodontal and root canal infection. Butyric acid affects the activity of periodontal cells such as osteoblasts. The purposes of this study were to investigate the effects of butyrate on MG-63 osteoblasts.
  
  
  METHODS
  MG-63 cells were exposed to butyrate and cell viability was estimated by 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay. The mRNA and protein expression of type I collagen and cell cycle-related proteins were measured by reverse-transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR), western blotting or immunofluorescent staining. Cellular production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) was analyzed by 2',7'-dichlorofluorescein (DCF) fluorescence flow cytometry.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Exposure to butyrate suppressed cell proliferation, and induced G2/M (8 and 16 mM) cell cycle arrest of MG-63 cells. Some cell apoptosis was noted. The mRNA expression of cdc2 and cyclin-B1 decreased after exposure to butyrate. The protein expression of type I collagen, cdc2 and cyclin B1 were decreased, whereas the expression of p21, p27 and p57 was stimulated. Under the treatment of butyrate, ROS production in MG-63 cells markedly increased.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The secretion of butyric acid by periodontal and root canal microorganisms may inhibit bone cell growth and matrix turnover. This is possibly due to induction of cell cycle arrest and ROS generation and inhibition of collagen expression. These results suggest the involvement of butyric acid in the pathogenesis of periodontal and periapical tissue destruction by impairing bone healing responses.
authors.affiliation: Biomedical Science Team, Chang Gung University of Science and Technology, Kwei-Shan, Taoyuan City, Taiwan.|Department of Dentistry, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Mei-Chi
authors.initials: MC
authors.lastname: Chang
authors.affiliation: Graduate Institute of Clinical Dentistry and Department of Dentistry, National Taiwan University Hospital and National Taiwan University Medical College, Taipei, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Yi-Ling
authors.initials: YL
authors.lastname: Tsai
authors.affiliation: Department of Dentistry, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Eric Jein-Wein
authors.initials: EJ
authors.lastname: Liou
authors.affiliation: Graduate Institute of Clinical Dentistry and Department of Dentistry, National Taiwan University Hospital and National Taiwan University Medical College, Taipei, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Chia-Mei
authors.initials: CM
authors.lastname: Tang
authors.affiliation: Graduate Institute of Clinical Dentistry and Department of Dentistry, National Taiwan University Hospital and National Taiwan University Medical College, Taipei, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Tong-Mei
authors.initials: TM
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: Wei-Cheng International Dental Group, Taipei, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Hsin-Cheng
authors.initials: HC
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.affiliation: Graduate Institute of Clinical Dentistry and Department of Dentistry, National Taiwan University Hospital and National Taiwan University Medical College, Taipei, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Ming-Wei
authors.initials: MW
authors.lastname: Liao
authors.affiliation: Department of Dentistry, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Sin-Yuet
authors.initials: SY
authors.lastname: Yeung
authors.affiliation: Department of Dentistry, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Chiu-Po
authors.initials: CP
authors.lastname: Chan
authors.affiliation: Graduate Institute of Clinical Dentistry and Department of Dentistry, National Taiwan University Hospital and National Taiwan University Medical College, Taipei, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Jiiang-Huei
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Jeng
mesh_terms: D020148:Butyric Acid / Q000378:metabolism / Q000494:pharmacology*; D002453:Cell Cycle / Q000187:drug effects / Q000235:genetics; D002460:Cell Line; D049109:Cell Proliferation / Q000187:drug effects; D002470:Cell Survival / Q000187:drug effects; D024042:Collagen Type I / Q000378:metabolism*; D056744:Cyclin B1 / Q000378:metabolism; D050759:Cyclin-Dependent Kinase Inhibitor p21 / Q000378:metabolism; D005786:Gene Expression Regulation / Q000187:drug effects; D006801:Humans; D010006:Osteoblasts / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: C534699:CCNB1 protein, human; C493956:CDKN1A protein, human; D024042:Collagen Type I; D056744:Cyclin B1; D050759:Cyclin-Dependent Kinase Inhibitor p21; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species; D020148:Butyric Acid