title: Tailoring Renal Clearance and Tumor Targeting of Ultrasmall Metal Nanoparticles with Particle Density.
abstract: Identifying key factors that govern the in vivo behavior of nanomaterials is critical to the clinical translation of nanomedicines. Overshadowed by size-, shape-, and surface-chemistry effects, the impact of the particle core density on clearance and tumor targeting of inorganic nanoparticles (NPs) remains largely unknown. By utilizing a class of ultrasmall metal NPs with the same size and surface chemistry but different densities, we found that the renal-clearance efficiency exponentially increased in the early elimination phase while passive tumor targeting linearly decreased with a decrease in particle density. Moreover, lower-density NPs are more easily distributed in the body and have shorter retention times in highly permeable organs than higher-density NPs. The density-dependent in vivo behavior of metal NPs likely results from their distinct margination in laminar blood flow, which opens up a new path for precise control of nanomedicines in vivo.
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry, The University of Texas at Dallas, 800 W. Campbell Rd., Richardson, TX, 75080, USA.
authors.forename: Shaoheng
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Tang
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry, The University of Texas at Dallas, 800 W. Campbell Rd., Richardson, TX, 75080, USA.
authors.forename: Chuanqi
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Peng
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry, The University of Texas at Dallas, 800 W. Campbell Rd., Richardson, TX, 75080, USA.
authors.forename: Jing
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Xu
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry, The University of Texas at Dallas, 800 W. Campbell Rd., Richardson, TX, 75080, USA.
authors.forename: Bujie
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Du
authors.affiliation: Department of Materials Science and Engineering, The University of Texas at Dallas, USA.
authors.forename: Qingxiao
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry, The University of Texas at Dallas, 800 W. Campbell Rd., Richardson, TX, 75080, USA.
authors.forename: Rodrigo D
authors.initials: RD
authors.lastname: Vinluan
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry, The University of Texas at Dallas, 800 W. Campbell Rd., Richardson, TX, 75080, USA.
authors.forename: Mengxiao
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Yu
authors.affiliation: Department of Materials Science and Engineering, The University of Texas at Dallas, USA.
authors.forename: Moon J
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry, The University of Texas at Dallas, 800 W. Campbell Rd., Richardson, TX, 75080, USA.
authors.forename: Jie
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Zheng
mesh_terms: D005978:Glutathione / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism; D006046:Gold / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D007668:Kidney / Q000378:metabolism*; D053768:Metal Nanoparticles / Q000737:chemistry*; D009369:Neoplasms / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000378:metabolism; D010316:Particle Size; D012834:Silver / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism; D013499:Surface Properties
chemical_list: D012834:Silver; D006046:Gold; D005978:Glutathione
keywords: fluorescence imaging; imaging agents; nanoparticles; renal clearance; tumor targeting