title: Influence of temperature, water activity and incubation time on fungal growth and production of ochratoxin A and zearalenone by toxigenic Aspergillus tubingensis and Fusarium incarnatum isolates in sorghum seeds.
abstract: The major objective of this study was to describe the effect of water activity and temperature on radial growth and production of ochratoxin A (OTA) and zearalenone (ZEA) on sorghum grains of three Aspergillus tubingensis and three Fusarium incarnatum isolates. The water activity range was 0.91-0.99 awfor F. incarnatum isolates and 0.88-0.99 awfor A. tubingensis isolates. Temperatures of incubation were 15, 25 and 37°C for both species. Mycotoxin production was determined after 7, 14, 21 and 28days depending on the growth rate of the six isolates. Maximum growth rates (mm/day) were observed at 37°C and 0.99 awfor A. tubingensis isolates and at 0.99 awand 25°C for F. incarnatum isolates. A. tubingensis was able to grow at 15°C only at the highest awlevels (0.97 and 0.99 aw). However, at this temperature F. incarnatum grew at 0.94 aw. Optimum ochratoxin A production was observed at 0.97 aw×37°C whereas optimal conditions for ZEA production varied from one isolate to another. Moreover, isolates of F. incarnatum from Tunisia do not require high awand temperature levels to yield maximum levels of ZEA. In general, our results showed that there is no correlation between the growth and production of ZEA in the case of F. incarnatum. This is the first study on the water activity and temperature effect on growth rate and ZEA production of F. incarnatum. Our results show that sorghum grains not only support growth but also OTA and ZEA production by A. tubingensis and F. incarnatum, respectively.
authors.affiliation: Food Technology Department, University of Lleida, XaRTA-UTPV, Agrotecnico Center, Rovira Roure 191, 25198 Lleida, Spain; Laboratory of Biochemistry, Unity of Mycotoxicology, Faculty of Medicine of Sousse, University of Sousse, Mohamed Karoui, 4002 Sousse, Tunisia. Electronic address: amanilahouar@yahoo.fr.
authors.forename: Amani
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Lahouar
authors.affiliation: Food Technology Department, University of Lleida, XaRTA-UTPV, Agrotecnico Center, Rovira Roure 191, 25198 Lleida, Spain. Electronic address: smarin@tecal.udl.cat.
authors.forename: Sonia
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Marin
authors.affiliation: Food Technology Department, University of Lleida, XaRTA-UTPV, Agrotecnico Center, Rovira Roure 191, 25198 Lleida, Spain. Electronic address: ana_cre@hotmail.com.
authors.forename: Ana
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Crespo-Sempere
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Biochemistry, Unity of Mycotoxicology, Faculty of Medicine of Sousse, University of Sousse, Mohamed Karoui, 4002 Sousse, Tunisia. Electronic address: salem.said@famso.rnu.tn.
authors.forename: Salem
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Saïd
authors.affiliation: Food Technology Department, University of Lleida, XaRTA-UTPV, Agrotecnico Center, Rovira Roure 191, 25198 Lleida, Spain. Electronic address: vsanchis@tecal.udl.cat.
authors.forename: Vicente
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Sanchis
mesh_terms: D001230:Aspergillus / Q000254:growth & development* / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000378:metabolism; D005670:Fusarium / Q000254:growth & development* / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000378:metabolism; D009183:Mycotoxins / Q000378:metabolism*; D009793:Ochratoxins / Q000378:metabolism*; D012639:Seeds / Q000382:microbiology; D045868:Sorghum / Q000382:microbiology*; D013696:Temperature; D014416:Tunisia; D014867:Water / Q000378:metabolism*; D015025:Zearalenone / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D009183:Mycotoxins; D009793:Ochratoxins; D014867:Water; C025589:ochratoxin A; D015025:Zearalenone
keywords: Aspergillus tubingensis; Fusarium incarnatum; Growth rate; Mycotoxin production; Ochratoxin A; Zearalenone