title: Home Food Rules in Relation to Youth Eating Behaviors, Body Mass Index, Waist Circumference, and Percent Body Fat.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To investigate agreement and associations between parent and youth acknowledgment of home food rules, youth eating behaviors, and measures of body composition and excess weight.
  
  
  METHODS
  Parent-youth dyads (N = 413) completed the "rules for eating at home" scale (Active Where Survey) and reported dietary intake. Trained research staff obtained anthropometric data. Linear regression analyses separately evaluated relationships between youth and parent acknowledgment of rules and youth-reported eating behaviors and anthropometric outcomes. Food rules were evaluated as a 12-item scale and individually.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Score on the food rule scale was positively associated with fruit and vegetable servings by youth acknowledgment only (β = .09, p = .006), and not with anthropometric outcomes. The rule "no desserts except fruit" was positively associated with fruit and vegetable servings by youth (β = .72, p = .002) and parent (β = .53, p = .03) acknowledgment. The rules "no second helpings at meals" and "limited fast food" were positively associated with body mass index z-score by youth (β = .38, p = .002; β = .32, p = .02, respectively) and parent (β = .74, p < .001; β = .41, p = .006, respectively) acknowledgment, with similar results for waist circumference z-score and percent body fat.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Inverse associations between specific food rules and healthful eating behaviors but positive associations with anthropometric outcomes suggest potentially bidirectional relationships between food rule implementation and youth weight. Future studies should disentangle how food rules guide youth behavior in the context of youth weight status.
authors.affiliation: Department of Epidemiology and Health Services Research, Geisinger Health System, Danville, Pennsylvania. Electronic address: ldbaileydavis@geisinger.edu.
authors.forename: Lisa
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Bailey-Davis
authors.affiliation: Department of Epidemiology and Health Services Research, Geisinger Health System, Danville, Pennsylvania; Department of Environmental Health and Engineering, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland; Global Obesity Prevention Center, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland.
authors.forename: Melissa N
authors.initials: MN
authors.lastname: Poulsen
authors.affiliation: Department of Epidemiology and Health Services Research, Geisinger Health System, Danville, Pennsylvania.
authors.forename: Annemarie G
authors.initials: AG
authors.lastname: Hirsch
authors.affiliation: Department of Environmental Health and Engineering, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland.
authors.forename: Jonathan
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Pollak
authors.affiliation: Department of Environmental Health and Engineering, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland; Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland; Global Obesity Prevention Center, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland.
authors.forename: Thomas A
authors.initials: TA
authors.lastname: Glass
authors.affiliation: Department of Epidemiology and Health Services Research, Geisinger Health System, Danville, Pennsylvania; Department of Environmental Health and Engineering, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland; Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland; Global Obesity Prevention Center, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland.
authors.forename: Brian S
authors.initials: BS
authors.lastname: Schwartz
mesh_terms: D000273:Adipose Tissue; D000293:Adolescent; D000294:Adolescent Behavior / Q000523:psychology*; D015992:Body Mass Index; D002648:Child; D002652:Child Behavior / Q000523:psychology; D004032:Diet / Q000379:methods*; D005247:Feeding Behavior / Q000523:psychology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D062407:Meals; D010290:Parents; D055105:Waist Circumference
keywords: BMI; Fast food; Fruits and vegetables; Percent body fat; Waist circumference; Weight