title: G-Protein-Coupled Receptor Kinase 2 as a Potential Modulator of the Hallmarks of Cancer.
abstract: Malignant features-such as sustained proliferation, refractoriness to growth suppressors, resistance to cell death or aberrant motility, and metastasis-can be triggered by a variety of mutations and signaling adaptations. Signaling nodes can act as cancer-associated factors by cooperating with oncogene-governed pathways or participating in compensatory transduction networks to strengthen tumor properties. G-protein-coupled receptor kinase 2 (GRK2) is arising as one of such nodes. Via its complex network of connections with other cellular proteins, GRK2 contributes to the modulation of basic cellular functions-such as cell proliferation, survival, or motility-and is involved in metabolic homeostasis, inflammation, or angiogenic processes. Moreover, altered GRK2 levels are starting to be reported in different tumoral contexts and shown to promote breast tumorigenesis or to trigger the tumoral angiogenic switch. The ability to modulate several of the hallmarks of cancer puts forward GRK2 as an oncomodifier, able to modulate carcinogenesis in a cell-type specific way.
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Biología Molecular and Centro de Biología Molecular "Severo Ochoa," Universidad Autónoma de Madrid (L.N., C.R., V.R., M.N., P.P., F.M), and Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria La Princesa (L.N., C.R., V.R., P.P., F.M.), Madrid, Spain.
authors.forename: Laura
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Nogués
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Biología Molecular and Centro de Biología Molecular "Severo Ochoa," Universidad Autónoma de Madrid (L.N., C.R., V.R., M.N., P.P., F.M), and Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria La Princesa (L.N., C.R., V.R., P.P., F.M.), Madrid, Spain.
authors.forename: Clara
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Reglero
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Biología Molecular and Centro de Biología Molecular "Severo Ochoa," Universidad Autónoma de Madrid (L.N., C.R., V.R., M.N., P.P., F.M), and Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria La Princesa (L.N., C.R., V.R., P.P., F.M.), Madrid, Spain.
authors.forename: Verónica
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Rivas
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Biología Molecular and Centro de Biología Molecular "Severo Ochoa," Universidad Autónoma de Madrid (L.N., C.R., V.R., M.N., P.P., F.M), and Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria La Princesa (L.N., C.R., V.R., P.P., F.M.), Madrid, Spain.
authors.forename: María
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Neves
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Biología Molecular and Centro de Biología Molecular "Severo Ochoa," Universidad Autónoma de Madrid (L.N., C.R., V.R., M.N., P.P., F.M), and Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria La Princesa (L.N., C.R., V.R., P.P., F.M.), Madrid, Spain.
authors.forename: Petronila
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Penela
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Biología Molecular and Centro de Biología Molecular "Severo Ochoa," Universidad Autónoma de Madrid (L.N., C.R., V.R., M.N., P.P., F.M), and Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria La Princesa (L.N., C.R., V.R., P.P., F.M.), Madrid, Spain fmayor@cbm.csic.es.
authors.forename: Federico
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Mayor
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D049109:Cell Proliferation; D054769:G-Protein-Coupled Receptor Kinase 2 / Q000378:metabolism*; D006801:Humans; D053858:Metabolic Networks and Pathways; D009369:Neoplasms / Q000098:blood supply / Q000201:enzymology* / Q000473:pathology; D015398:Signal Transduction; D059016:Tumor Microenvironment
chemical_list: D054769:G-Protein-Coupled Receptor Kinase 2