title: Hand and Wrist Injuries in Boxing and the Martial Arts.
abstract: Hand and wrist injuries in martial arts are typically a reflection of the combat nature of this discipline. In striking sports, the axial load mechanism of injury is common and causes fractures and dislocations; in grappling sports, sprain injuries and degenerative changes predominate. There is clear evidence to support that hand protection reduces the risk of hand injury. Traditional training in martial arts on proper technique and target selection in striking sports reduces the risk of hand injury, and is an important component of hand and wrist injury prevention.
authors.affiliation: Texas Orthopedic Specialists, 2425 Highway 121, Bedford, TX 76021, USA.
authors.forename: Benjamin Todd
authors.initials: BT
authors.lastname: Drury
authors.affiliation: OUHSC Department of Orthopedic Surgery, College of Medicine Building, 800 Stanton L. Young Boulevard Suite 3400, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA.
authors.forename: Thomas P
authors.initials: TP
authors.lastname: Lehman
authors.affiliation: University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, 3366 Northwest Expressway # 700, Oklahoma City, OK 73112, USA. Electronic address: ouhsgmr@aol.com.
authors.forename: Ghazi
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Rayan
mesh_terms: D001914:Boxing / Q000293:injuries*; D006230:Hand Injuries / Q000209:etiology* / Q000517:prevention & control*; D006801:Humans; D016139:Martial Arts / Q000293:injuries*; D014954:Wrist Injuries / Q000209:etiology* / Q000517:prevention & control*
keywords: Boxing; Hand; Injury; Judo; Karate; Prevention; Taekwondo