title: MR visible localization device for radiographic-pathologic correlation of surgical specimens.
abstract: The detection of small parenchymal hepatic lesions identified by preoperative imaging remains a challenge for traditional pathologic methods in large specimens. We developed a magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) compatible localization device for imaging of surgical specimens aimed to improve identification and localization of hepatic lesions ex vivo.
  
  
  
  The device consists of two stationary and one removable MR-visible grids lined with silicone gel, creating an orthogonal 3D matrix for lesion localization. To test the device, five specimens of swine liver with a random number of lesions created by microwave ablation were imaged on a 3T MR scanner. Two readers independently evaluated lesion coordinates and size, which were then correlated with sectioning guided by MR imaging.
  
  
  
  All lesions (n=38) were detected at/very close to the expected localization. Inter-reader agreement of lesion localization was almost perfect (0.92). The lesion size estimated by MRI matched macroscopic lesion size in cut specimen (±2mm) in 34 and 35, respectively, out of 38 lesions.
  
  
  
  Use of this MR compatible device for ex vivo imaging proved feasible for detection and three-dimensional localization of liver lesions, and has potential to play an important role in the ex vivo examination of surgical specimens in which pathologic correlation is clinically important.
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA; Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology and Neuroradiology, University Hospital Essen, Germany. Electronic address: SKinner@uwhealth.org.
authors.forename: Sonja
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Kinner
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA; Clinic of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Basel University Hospital, Basel, Switzerland.
authors.forename: Tilman B
authors.initials: TB
authors.lastname: Schubert
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA.
authors.forename: Elisabetta A
authors.initials: EA
authors.lastname: Nocerino
authors.affiliation: Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA.
authors.forename: Shannon
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Hynes
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA; Department of Medical Physics, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA.
authors.forename: Timothy J
authors.initials: TJ
authors.lastname: Colgan
authors.affiliation: Pathology Clinic, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA.
authors.forename: Agnes G
authors.initials: AG
authors.lastname: Loeffler
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA; Department of Medical Physics, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA.
authors.forename: Christopher
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Brace
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA; Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA; Department of Medical Physics, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA; Department of Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA; Department of Emergency Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA.
authors.forename: Scott B
authors.initials: SB
authors.lastname: Reeder
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA.
authors.forename: Emily
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Winslow
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D017115:Catheter Ablation; D008099:Liver / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000473:pathology* / Q000601:surgery; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging / Q000379:methods*; D013552:Swine
keywords: Characterization; Detection; Ex vivo; Small lesions