title: Patterns of Cortical and Subcortical Amyloid Burden across Stages of Preclinical Alzheimer's Disease.
abstract: We examined florbetapir positron emission tomography (PET) amyloid scans across stages of preclinical Alzheimer's disease (AD) in cortical, allocortical, and subcortical regions. Stages were characterized using empirically defined methods.
  
  
  
  A total of 312 cognitively normal Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative participants completed a neuropsychological assessment and florbetapir PET scan. Participants were classified into stages of preclinical AD using (1) a novel approach based on the number of abnormal biomarkers/cognitive markers each individual possessed, and (2) National Institute on Aging and the Alzheimer's Association (NIA-AA) criteria. Preclinical AD groups were compared to one another and to a mild cognitive impairment (MCI) sample on florbetapir standardized uptake value ratios (SUVRs) in cortical and allocortical/subcortical regions of interest (ROIs).
  
  
  
  Amyloid deposition increased across stages of preclinical AD in all cortical ROIs, with SUVRs in the later stages reaching levels seen in MCI. Several subcortical areas showed a pattern of results similar to the cortical regions; however, SUVRs in the hippocampus, pallidum, and thalamus largely did not differ across stages of preclinical AD.
  
  
  
  Substantial amyloid accumulation in cortical areas has already occurred before one meets criteria for a clinical diagnosis. Potential explanations for the unexpected pattern of results in some allocortical/subcortical ROIs include lack of correspondence between (1) cerebrospinal fluid and florbetapir PET measures of amyloid, or between (2) subcortical florbetapir PET SUVRs and underlying neuropathology. Findings support the utility of our novel method for staging preclinical AD. By combining imaging biomarkers with detailed cognitive assessment to better characterize preclinical AD, we can advance our understanding of who is at risk for future progression. (JINS, 2016, 22, 978-990).
authors.affiliation: 1Department of Psychiatry,University of California San Diego,School of Medicine,La Jolla,California.
authors.forename: Emily C
authors.initials: EC
authors.lastname: Edmonds
authors.affiliation: 1Department of Psychiatry,University of California San Diego,School of Medicine,La Jolla,California.
authors.forename: Katherine J
authors.initials: KJ
authors.lastname: Bangen
authors.affiliation: 1Department of Psychiatry,University of California San Diego,School of Medicine,La Jolla,California.
authors.forename: Lisa
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Delano-Wood
authors.affiliation: 3Department of Psychology,University of Southern California,Los Angeles,California.
authors.forename: Daniel A
authors.initials: DA
authors.lastname: Nation
authors.affiliation: 4War Related Illness and Injury Study Center (WRIISC),VA Palo Alto Health Care System,Palo Alto,California.
authors.forename: Ansgar J
authors.initials: AJ
authors.lastname: Furst
authors.affiliation: 6Department of Neurosciences,University of California San Diego,School of Medicine,La Jolla,California.
authors.forename: David P
authors.initials: DP
authors.lastname: Salmon
authors.affiliation: 1Department of Psychiatry,University of California San Diego,School of Medicine,La Jolla,California.
authors.forename: Mark W
authors.initials: MW
authors.lastname: Bondi
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000544:Alzheimer Disease / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000503:physiopathology; D016229:Amyloid beta-Peptides / Q000378:metabolism*; D000814:Aniline Compounds; D001921:Brain / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000378:metabolism*; D060825:Cognitive Dysfunction / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000503:physiopathology; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D005026:Ethylene Glycols; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D049268:Positron-Emission Tomography; D062706:Prodromal Symptoms
chemical_list: D016229:Amyloid beta-Peptides; D000814:Aniline Compounds; D005026:Ethylene Glycols; C545186:florbetapir
keywords: Alzheimer disease; Beta-amyloid peptides; Biomarkers; Dementia; Florbetapir; Neuropsychology; Positron emission tomography