title: Pyropia yezoensis peptide promotes collagen synthesis by activating the TGF-β/Smad signaling pathway in the human dermal fibroblast cell line Hs27.
abstract: Pyropia yezoensis (P. yezoensis) is a marine algae that exhibits antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antitumor and anti-aging activities. In this study, we investigated the effects of the P. yezoensis peptide, PYP1‑5, on collagen synthesis in the human dermal fibroblast cell line Hs27. Skin aging is related to reduced collagen production and the activities of multiple enzymes, including matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs), which degrade collagen structure in the dermis, and tissue inhibitor of tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinases (TIMPs), which inhibit the action of MMPs. While collagen synthesis is associated with a number of signaling pathways, we examined the increased collagen synthesis via the upregulation of the transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β)/Smad signaling pathway. Using MTS assay, we found that PYP1‑5 did not affect cell viability. Moreover, we confirmed that PYP1‑5 increased type 1 collagen expression using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), western blot analysis and quantitative PCR. In addition, we identified changes in various enzymes, as well as the mechanisms behind the PYP1‑5-induced collagen synthesis. PYP1‑5 decreased the MMP-1 protein and mRNA levels, and increased the TIMP-1 and TIMP-2 protein and mRNA levels. In addition, PYP1‑5 activated the TGF-β/Smad signaling pathway, which increased TGF-β1, p-Smad2 and p-Smad3 expression, while inhibiting Smad7, an inhibitor of the TGF-β/Smad pathway. Furthermore, PYP1‑5 upregulated transcription factor specificity protein 1 (Sp1) expression, which is reportedly involved in type 1 collagen expression. These findings indicate that PYP1‑5 activates the TGF-β/Smad signaling pathway, which subsequently induces collagen synthesis in Hs27 cells.
authors.affiliation: Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Pukyong National University, Busan 48513, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Cho-Rong
authors.initials: CR
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.affiliation: Institute of Fisheries Sciences, Pukyong National University, Busan 46041, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Young-Min
authors.initials: YM
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.affiliation: Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Pukyong National University, Busan 48513, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Min-Kyeong
authors.initials: MK
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.affiliation: Institute of Fisheries Sciences, Pukyong National University, Busan 46041, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: In-Hye
authors.initials: IH
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.affiliation: Institute of Fisheries Sciences, Pukyong National University, Busan 46041, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Youn-Hee
authors.initials: YH
authors.lastname: Choi
authors.affiliation: Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Pukyong National University, Busan 48513, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Taek-Jeong
authors.initials: TJ
authors.lastname: Nam
mesh_terms: D000595:Amino Acid Sequence; D001549:Benzamides / Q000494:pharmacology; D016923:Cell Death / Q000187:drug effects; D002460:Cell Line; D002470:Cell Survival / Q000187:drug effects; D024042:Collagen Type I / Q000096:biosynthesis* / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D020405:Dermis / Q000166:cytology*; D004149:Dioxoles / Q000494:pharmacology; D004549:Elastin / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D005347:Fibroblasts / Q000166:cytology / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism*; D005786:Gene Expression Regulation / Q000187:drug effects; D006801:Humans; D020781:Matrix Metalloproteinase 1 / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D010455:Peptides / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology*; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D000461:Rhodophyta / Q000737:chemistry*; D015398:Signal Transduction / Q000187:drug effects*; D016329:Sp1 Transcription Factor / Q000378:metabolism; D019715:Tissue Inhibitor of Metalloproteinase-1 / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D019716:Tissue Inhibitor of Metalloproteinase-2 / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D016212:Transforming Growth Factor beta / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: C459179:4-(5-benzo(1,3)dioxol-5-yl-4-pyridin-2-yl-1H-imidazol-2-yl)benzamide; D001549:Benzamides; D024042:Collagen Type I; D004149:Dioxoles; D010455:Peptides; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D016329:Sp1 Transcription Factor; D019715:Tissue Inhibitor of Metalloproteinase-1; D016212:Transforming Growth Factor beta; D019716:Tissue Inhibitor of Metalloproteinase-2; D004549:Elastin; C522360:MMP1 protein, human; D020781:Matrix Metalloproteinase 1