title: Evaluation of Antioxidant Intakes in Relation to Inflammatory Markers Expression Within the Normal Breast Tissue of Breast Cancer Patients.
abstract: Chronic inflammation may be a causative factor in breast cancer. One possible underlying mechanism is the generation of oxidative stress, which may favor tumorigenic processes. Antioxidant consumption may, therefore, help reduce tissue inflammation levels. However, few studies have explored this relation in breast tissue. We aimed to evaluate correlations between antioxidant (vitamin A/retinol, vitamin C, vitamin E, β-carotene, α-carotene, lycopene, lutein/zeaxanthin, β-cryptoxanthin, selenium, and zinc) intakes and protein expression levels of interleukin (IL)-6, tumor necrosis factor-α, C-reactive protein, cyclooxygenase-2, leptin, serum amyloid A1, signal transducer and activator of transcription 3, IL-8, IL-10, lactoferrin, and transforming growth factor-β measured in the normal breast tissue of 160 women diagnosed with breast cancer. Antioxidant intakes were collected using a self-administered food frequency questionnaire. Inflammation marker expression was assessed by immunohistochemistry. Correlations between antioxidant intakes and inflammatory marker expression were evaluated using Spearman's partial correlation coefficients ( r) for all women and for premenopausal and postmenopausal women separately. After Bonferroni correction, negative correlations were observed between dietary β-tocopherol and IL-10 expression in all women combined ( r = -0.26, P = .003) and among postmenopausal women ( r = -0.39, P = .003). For all women, a negative correlation was found between total zinc intakes and IL-10 ( r = -0.26, P = .002). Among postmenopausal women, dietary selenium intake was negatively correlated with the expression of lactoferrin ( r = -0.39, P = .003). No associations were observed in premenopausal women. Our findings suggest that consumption of specific antioxidants, including β-tocopherol, zinc, and selenium, may act on the breast tissue through mechanisms affecting the expression of some inflammation markers, particularly among postmenopausal women.
authors.affiliation: 1 Axe Oncologie, Centre de recherche du CHU de Québec-Université Laval, Quebec, QC, Canada.|2 Centre de recherche sur le cancer de l'Université Laval, Quebec, QC, Canada.|3 Faculté de médecine de l'Université Laval, Quebec, QC, Canada.
authors.forename: Danielle
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Larouche
authors.affiliation: 1 Axe Oncologie, Centre de recherche du CHU de Québec-Université Laval, Quebec, QC, Canada.|2 Centre de recherche sur le cancer de l'Université Laval, Quebec, QC, Canada.|3 Faculté de médecine de l'Université Laval, Quebec, QC, Canada.
authors.forename: Mirette
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Hanna
authors.affiliation: 1 Axe Oncologie, Centre de recherche du CHU de Québec-Université Laval, Quebec, QC, Canada.|2 Centre de recherche sur le cancer de l'Université Laval, Quebec, QC, Canada.
authors.forename: Sue-Ling
authors.initials: SL
authors.lastname: Chang
authors.affiliation: 1 Axe Oncologie, Centre de recherche du CHU de Québec-Université Laval, Quebec, QC, Canada.|2 Centre de recherche sur le cancer de l'Université Laval, Quebec, QC, Canada.|3 Faculté de médecine de l'Université Laval, Quebec, QC, Canada.|4 Service de pathologie, Hôpital du Saint-Sacrement, Quebec, QC, Canada.|5 Centre des Maladies du Sein Deschênes-Fabia, Hôpital du Saint-Sacrement, Quebec, QC, Canada.
authors.forename: Simon
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Jacob
authors.affiliation: 1 Axe Oncologie, Centre de recherche du CHU de Québec-Université Laval, Quebec, QC, Canada.|2 Centre de recherche sur le cancer de l'Université Laval, Quebec, QC, Canada.|3 Faculté de médecine de l'Université Laval, Quebec, QC, Canada.|4 Service de pathologie, Hôpital du Saint-Sacrement, Quebec, QC, Canada.|5 Centre des Maladies du Sein Deschênes-Fabia, Hôpital du Saint-Sacrement, Quebec, QC, Canada.
authors.forename: Bernard
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Têtu
authors.affiliation: 1 Axe Oncologie, Centre de recherche du CHU de Québec-Université Laval, Quebec, QC, Canada.|2 Centre de recherche sur le cancer de l'Université Laval, Quebec, QC, Canada.|3 Faculté de médecine de l'Université Laval, Quebec, QC, Canada.|5 Centre des Maladies du Sein Deschênes-Fabia, Hôpital du Saint-Sacrement, Quebec, QC, Canada.
authors.forename: Caroline
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Diorio
mesh_terms: D000975:Antioxidants / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000378:metabolism*; D001940:Breast / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology*; D001943:Breast Neoplasms / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology*; D002338:Carotenoids / Q000008:administration & dosage; D004032:Diet; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007249:Inflammation / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology*; D015850:Interleukin-6 / Q000378:metabolism; D000077276:Lycopene; D008875:Middle Aged; D018384:Oxidative Stress / Q000187:drug effects; D017698:Postmenopause / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D017697:Premenopause / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D012643:Selenium / Q000008:administration & dosage; D015032:Zinc / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D000975:Antioxidants; D015415:Biomarkers; D015850:Interleukin-6; D002338:Carotenoids; C041635:alpha-carotene; D012643:Selenium; D015032:Zinc; D000077276:Lycopene
keywords: antioxidants; carcinogenesis; chronic inflammation; diet; food; inflammation mediators; local inflammation