title: Estimation of utility weights for human papilloma virus-related health states according to disease severity.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  A cost-utility study of a human papilloma virus (HPV) vaccine requires that the utility weights for HPV-related health states (i.e., cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN), cervical cancer, and condyloma) be evaluated. The aim of the present study was to determine the utility weights for HPV-related health states.
  
  
  METHODS
  Hypothetical standardised health states related to HPV were developed based on patient education material and previous publications. To fully reflect disease progression from diagnosis to prognosis, each health state comprised four parts (diagnosis, symptoms, treatment, and progression and prognosis). Nine-hundred members from the Korean general population evaluated the HPV-related health states using a visual analogue scale (VAS) and a standard gamble (SG) approach, which were administered face-to-face via computer-assisted interview. The mean utility values were calculated for each HPV-related health state.
  
  
  RESULTS
  According to the VAS, the highest utility (0.73) was HPV-positive status, followed by condyloma (0.66), and CIN grade I (0.61). The lowest utility (0.18) was cervical cancer requiring chemotherapy without surgery, followed by cervical cancer requiring chemoradiation therapy (0.42). SG revealed that the highest utility (0.83) was HPV-positive status, followed by condyloma (0.78), and CIN grade I (0.77). The lowest utility (0.43) was cervical cancer requiring chemotherapy without surgery, followed by cervical cancer requiring chemoradiation therapy (0.60).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This study was based on a large sample derived from the general Korean population; therefore, the calculated utility weights might be useful for evaluating the economic benefit of cancer screening and HPV vaccination programs.
authors.affiliation: Department of Preventive Medicine, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, 88, Olympic-Ro 43-Gil, Songpa-Gu, Seoul, 138-736, South Korea.
authors.forename: Minsu
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Ock
authors.affiliation: Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Asan Medical Center, Seoul, South Korea.
authors.forename: Jeong-Yeol
authors.initials: JY
authors.lastname: Park
authors.affiliation: Department of Preventive Medicine, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, 88, Olympic-Ro 43-Gil, Songpa-Gu, Seoul, 138-736, South Korea.
authors.forename: Woo-Seung
authors.initials: WS
authors.lastname: Son
authors.affiliation: Department of Preventive Medicine, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, 88, Olympic-Ro 43-Gil, Songpa-Gu, Seoul, 138-736, South Korea.
authors.forename: Hyeon-Jeong
authors.initials: HJ
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.affiliation: Department of Nursing, College of Nursing, Dankook University, Cheonan, South Korea.
authors.forename: Seon-Ha
authors.initials: SH
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.affiliation: Department of Preventive Medicine, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, 88, Olympic-Ro 43-Gil, Songpa-Gu, Seoul, 138-736, South Korea. mdjominwoo@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Min-Woo
authors.identifier: http://orcid.org/0000-0002-4574-1318
authors.initials: MW
authors.lastname: Jo
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D003218:Condylomata Acuminata / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000523:psychology* / Q000628:therapy; D017281:Cost of Illness; D055088:Early Detection of Cancer; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D030361:Papillomavirus Infections / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000523:psychology* / Q000628:therapy; D010342:Patient Acceptance of Health Care / Q000523:psychology*; D011379:Prognosis; D011788:Quality of Life; D056910:Republic of Korea; D012720:Severity of Illness Index; D002583:Uterine Cervical Neoplasms / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000523:psychology* / Q000628:therapy; D064232:Visual Analog Scale; D002578:Uterine Cervical Dysplasia / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000523:psychology* / Q000628:therapy
keywords: Cervical cancer; Human papilloma virus; Standard gamble; Visual analogue scale