title: Benefits from living together? Clades whose species use similar habitats may persist as a result of eco-evolutionary feedbacks.
abstract: Contents 66 I. 67 II. 68 III. 69 IV. 70 V. 73 VI. 75 VII. 77 78 References 78 SUMMARY: Recent decades have seen declines of entire plant clades while other clades persist despite changing environments. We suggest that one reason why some clades persist is that species within these clades use similar habitats, because such similarity may increase the degree of co-occurrence of species within clades. Traditionally, co-occurrence among clade members has been suggested to be disadvantageous because of increased competition and enemy pressure. Here, we hypothesize that increased co-occurrence among clade members promotes mutualist exchange, niche expansion or hybridization, thereby helping species avoid population decline from environmental change. We review the literature and analyse published data for hundreds of plant clades (genera) within a well-studied region and find major differences in the degree to which species within clades occupy similar habitats. We tentatively show that, in clades for which species occupy similar habitats, species tend to exhibit increased co-occurrence, mutualism, niche expansion, and hybridization - and rarely decline. Consistently, throughout the geological past, clades whose species occupied similar habitats often persisted through long time-spans. Overall, for many plant species, the occupation of similar habitats among fellow clade members apparently reduced their vulnerability to environmental change. Future research should identify when and how this previously unrecognized eco-evolutionary feedback operates.
authors.affiliation: University Rennes 1/Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Research Unit 'Ecobio - Ecosystèmes, Biodiversité, Evolution', Campus Beaulieu, Bâtiment 14 A, 35042, Rennes, France.
authors.forename: Andreas
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Prinzing
authors.affiliation: Experimental Plant Ecology, Institute for Water and Wetland Research, Radboud University Nijmegen, Nijmegen, the Netherlands.|Alterra, Wageningen University & Research, PO Box 47, NL-6700, AA Wageningen, the Netherlands.
authors.forename: Wim A
authors.initials: WA
authors.lastname: Ozinga
authors.affiliation: Department of Ecology - Animal Ecology, Faculty of Biology, Philipps-Universität Marburg, Karl-von-Frisch Strasse 8, D-35032, Marburg, Germany.
authors.forename: Martin
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Brändle
authors.affiliation: Department of Biology, University of Fribourg, Chemin du Musée 10, CH-1700, Fribourg, Switzerland.
authors.forename: Pierre-Emmanuel
authors.initials: PE
authors.lastname: Courty
authors.affiliation: University Rennes 1/Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Research Unit 'Ecobio - Ecosystèmes, Biodiversité, Evolution', Campus Beaulieu, Bâtiment 14 A, 35042, Rennes, France.
authors.forename: Françoise
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Hennion
authors.affiliation: Department of Paleobiology, National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution, Washington, DC, 20013, USA.|Department of Entomology and BEES Program, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, 20742, USA.|College of Life Sciences, Capital Normal University, Beijing, 100048, China.
authors.forename: Conrad
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Labandeira
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Evolutionary Botany, Institute of Biology, University of Neuchatel, Rue Emile-Argand 11, 2000, Neuchatel, Switzerland.
authors.forename: Christian
authors.identifier: 0000-0001-8798-0897
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Parisod
authors.affiliation: University Rennes 1/Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Research Unit 'Ecobio - Ecosystèmes, Biodiversité, Evolution', Campus Beaulieu, Bâtiment 14 A, 35042, Rennes, France.
authors.forename: Mickael
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Pihain
authors.affiliation: Institute of Botany, Academy of Sciences of Czech Republic, Zamek 1, Pruhonice, 25243, Czech Republic.
authors.forename: Igor V
authors.initials: IV
authors.lastname: Bartish
mesh_terms: D017753:Ecosystem; D005246:Feedback; D008962:Models, Theoretical; D010802:Phylogeny; D013045:Species Specificity; D013559:Symbiosis / Q000502:physiology*
keywords: assembly of present and fossil communities; competition; conservation biology; enemy pressure and mutualism of coexisting species; evolution and conservatism; hybridization; niche breadth