title: Natural and Synthetic Coral Biomineralization for Human Bone Revitalization.
abstract: Coral skeletons can regenerate replacement human bone in nonload-bearing excavated skeletal locations. A combination of multiscale, interconnected pores and channels and highly bioactive surface chemistry has established corals as an important alternative to using healthy host bone replacements. Here, we highlight how coral skeletal systems are being remolded into new calcified structures or synthetic corals by biomimetic processes, as places for the organized permeation of bone tissue cells and blood vessels. Progressive technologies in coral aquaculture and self-organization inorganic chemistry are helping to modify natural corals and create synthetic coral architectures able to accelerate bone regeneration with proper host integration at more skeletal locations, adapted to recent surgical techniques and used to treat intrinsic skeletal deformities and metabolic conditions.
authors.affiliation: Department of Oral Biology, Yonsei University College of Dentistry, 250 Seongsanno, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul 120-752, Korea; Oral Biosciences, Faculty of Dentistry, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, People's Republic of China. Electronic address: greennatureworks@outlook.com.
authors.forename: David W
authors.initials: DW
authors.lastname: Green
authors.affiliation: School of Chemistry and Forensic Sciences, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, Sydney 2007, NSW, Australia.
authors.forename: Besim
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Ben-Nissan
authors.affiliation: Department of Oral Biology, Yonsei University College of Dentistry, 250 Seongsanno, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul 120-752, Korea.
authors.forename: Kyung Sik
authors.initials: KS
authors.lastname: Yoon
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Science, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, Sydney 2007, NSW, Australia.
authors.forename: Bruce
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Milthorpe
authors.affiliation: Department of Oral Biology, Yonsei University College of Dentistry, 250 Seongsanno, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul 120-752, Korea; Oral Biosciences, Faculty of Dentistry, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, People's Republic of China. Electronic address: hsjung@yuhs.ac.
authors.forename: Han-Sung
authors.initials: HS
authors.lastname: Jung
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D037421:Anthozoa / Q000737:chemistry*; D017756:Aquaculture / Q000379:methods; D001861:Bone Regeneration / Q000502:physiology*; D018786:Bone Substitutes / Q000138:chemical synthesis*; D016025:Bone Transplantation / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods*; D002113:Calcification, Physiologic / Q000502:physiology*; D002119:Calcium Carbonate; D006801:Humans; D012863:Skeleton / Q000737:chemistry*; D023822:Tissue Engineering / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods*
chemical_list: D018786:Bone Substitutes; D002119:Calcium Carbonate
keywords: biomimetic materials chemistry; bone; coral aquaculture and mariculture; coral biomineralization; regenerative orthopedics; tissue engineering