title: Network meta-analyses performed by contracting companies and commissioned by industry.
abstract: Industry commissions contracting companies to perform network meta-analysis for health technology assessment (HTA) and reimbursement submissions. Our objective was to estimate the number of network meta-analyses performed by consulting companies contracted by industry, to assess whether they were published, and to explore reasons for non-publication.
  
  
  
  We searched MEDLINE for network meta-analyses of randomized trials. Papers were included if they had authors affiliated with any contracting company. All identified contracting companies as well as additional ones from the list of the exhibitors at the International Society for Pharmacoeconomics and Outcomes Research, an annual meeting that representatives from many contracting companies attend and exhibit at, were surveyed regarding conduct and publication of network meta-analyses.
  
  
  
  In 162 of 822 (20%) network meta-analysis papers, authors were affiliated to 66 contracting companies. Another 36 contracting companies were identified by the exhibitors list. Three companies had no contact information and six merged with others, therefore 93 companies were contacted. Thirty seven out of ninety three (40%) companies responded, and 19 indicated that they had performed a total of 476 network meta-analyses, but only 102 (21%) papers were published. Thirteen companies that disclosed to have conducted 174 network meta-analyses (45 published) provided reasons for non-publication. Of the 129 still unpublished meta-analyses, for 40 there were plans for future publication, for 37 the sponsor did not allow publication, for 16 the contracting companies did not plan to publish the meta-analysis, for another 23 plans were unclear, and the remaining 13 were used as HTA submission. The protocol of the network meta-analysis was publically available from 11/162 (6.8%) network meta-analyses published by authors affiliated with contracting companies.
  
  
  
  There is a prolific sector of professional contracting companies that perform network meta-analyses. Industry commissions many network meta-analyses, but most are not registered before or published after analyses in the scientific literature. Mechanisms to improve publication rates of network meta-analysis commissioned by industry are warranted.
authors.affiliation: Stanford Prevention Research Center, Stanford University, 1265 Welch Road, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA.|Meta-Research Innovation Center at Stanford (METRICS), Stanford University, 1070 Arastradero Road, Stanford, CA, 94304, USA.
authors.forename: Ewoud
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Schuit
authors.affiliation: Stanford Prevention Research Center, Stanford University, 1265 Welch Road, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA. jioannid@stanford.edu.|Meta-Research Innovation Center at Stanford (METRICS), Stanford University, 1070 Arastradero Road, Stanford, CA, 94304, USA. jioannid@stanford.edu.
authors.forename: John Pa
authors.initials: JP
authors.lastname: Ioannidis
mesh_terms: D006801:Humans; D032982:Contracts; D007221:Industry; D000071076:Network Meta-Analysis as Topic; D017594:Publication Bias; D016032:Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic; D013673:Technology Assessment, Biomedical
keywords: Contracting company; Industry; Network meta-analysis; Non-publication; Protocol registration; Publication bias; Transparency