title: Psychological Sequelae of the 2013 Super Typhoon Haiyan Among Survivor-Responders.
abstract: Super Typhoon Haiyan (known as Yolanda in the Philippines), one of the strongest tropical cyclones recorded in history, made landfall in the Philippines in November 2013. This cross-sectional study examined the psychological impact of the typhoon and its aftermath, as well as the impact of individual typhoon-related stressors among a group of survivor-responders.
  
  
  
  A total of 192 Filipino adult survivors who were also disaster-relief responders and 45 unaffected disaster-relief responders (N = 237) completed a questionnaire that assessed their general psychological distress (GPD), symptoms of posttraumatic stress (PTS), and disaster experiences 1.5 to 4 months after the event.
  
  
  
  The disaster-exposed group was more distressed and suffered from more symptoms of PTS, but the prevalence of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) was not statistically different between the two groups (7.9% versus 9.4%). Regression analysis revealed that financial instability (β = .52), physical injury (β = .21), and perceived life threat (β = .17) were associated with GPD. Physical injury (β = .20) and perceived life threat (β = .20) were also associated with PTS symptoms.
  
  
  
  Although a marked difference in PTSD was not noted, the psychological impact of Super Typhoon Haiyan on survivor-responders in terms of nonspecific psychological distress and symptoms of PTS was considerable. Some typhoon-related stressors, including financial instability, physical injury, and perceived life threat, appear to be more detrimental to mental health than other stressors.
authors.forename: Christian S
authors.initials: CS
authors.lastname: Chan
authors.forename: Kristen N S
authors.initials: KN
authors.lastname: Tang
authors.forename: Brian J
authors.initials: BJ
authors.lastname: Hall
authors.forename: Simmy Y T
authors.initials: SY
authors.lastname: Yip
authors.forename: Melba
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Maggay
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D055867:Cyclonic Storms / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D004190:Disasters / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D060731:Emergency Responders / Q000523:psychology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010679:Philippines; D012959:Socioeconomic Factors; D013313:Stress Disorders, Post-Traumatic / Q000453:epidemiology*; D013315:Stress, Psychological / Q000453:epidemiology*; D017741:Survivors / Q000523:psychology*