title: Wiring technique for lesser trochanter fixation in proximal IM nailing of unstable intertrochanteric fractures: A modified candy-package wiring technique.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The purpose of this study was to introduce a new surgical technique, that involves modified Candy-package wiring followed by IM nailing fixation and to determine the clinical and radiological results obtained in patients with unstable intertrochanteric fractures with a lesser trochanter fragment.
  
  
  METHODS
  This study included 22 patients who were undergone proximal IM nailing with lesser trochanter wiring between January 2014 to June 2015. All patients were treated with minimally invasive technique of candy-package wiring for lesser trochanter fragments. The mean age was 75.8 years (range, 53-88) and average follow-up period was 15.1 months (range, 12-24). Each patient was followed up for a minimum of 12 months and their clinical and radiological results were analyzed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The mean period required for fracture union was 16.6 weeks. (range, 8-25) and union was successfully completed in all cases. The WOMAC scores at the last F/U visit (average; 45.4, range; 21-75) were not significantly different to pre-trauma status (average; 36.5, range; 19-59) (p=0.087). In comparison of ambulatory capacity prior to trauma, ambulatory aggravation was noted in four cases (18.2%), and eighteen cases (81.8%) was sustained walking ability of prior of trauma. Wiring breakage was found in two cases and heterotrophic ossification in one case. There were no functional deficeit related to the radiologic finding in these patients. With regard to postoperative complications, were no cut-outs, breakage, or pullout of screws.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  When surgically repairing unstable intertrochanteric fractures with lesser trochanter comminution using proximal IM nailing method, the modified Candy-packaging wiring technique increases the fixation force at the fracture site. Thus, through this technique, both firm fixation of the lesser trochanter and more stable bony union were obtained.
authors.affiliation: Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Jeju National University Hospital, Jeju National University School of Medicine, Jeju, South Korea.
authors.forename: Gyeong Min
authors.initials: GM
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.affiliation: Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Jeju National University Hospital, Jeju National University School of Medicine, Jeju, South Korea.
authors.forename: Kwang Woo
authors.initials: KW
authors.lastname: Nam
authors.affiliation: Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Jeju National University Hospital, Jeju National University School of Medicine, Jeju, South Korea.
authors.forename: Kyu-Bum
authors.initials: KB
authors.lastname: Seo
authors.affiliation: Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Jeju National University Hospital, Jeju National University School of Medicine, Jeju, South Korea.
authors.forename: Chaemoon
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Lim
authors.affiliation: Jeju National University School of Medicine, Jeju, South Korea.
authors.forename: Jiyun
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.affiliation: Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Jeju National University Hospital, Jeju National University School of Medicine, Jeju, South Korea. Electronic address: cellulosae@naver.com.
authors.forename: Yong-Geun
authors.initials: YG
authors.lastname: Park
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D001858:Bone Nails; D001864:Bone Wires; D005260:Female; D005269:Femur / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000473:pathology*; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D005593:Fracture Fixation, Internal / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods; D005594:Fracture Fixation, Intramedullary / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods; D017102:Fracture Healing; D006620:Hip Fractures / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011859:Radiography; D016059:Range of Motion, Articular; D056910:Republic of Korea; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D016896:Treatment Outcome
keywords: Hip fracture; Intramedullary nail fixation; Lesser trochanter wire fixation; Unstable intertrochanteric fracture