title: On drug resistance and metronomic chemotherapy: A mathematical modeling and optimal control approach.
abstract: Effects that tumor heterogeneity and drug resistance have on the structure of chemotherapy protocols are discussed from a mathematical modeling and optimal control point of view. In the case when two compartments consisting of sensitive and resistant cells are considered, optimal protocols consist of full dose chemotherapy as long as the relative proportion of sensitive cells is high. When resistant cells become more dominant, optimal controls switch to lower dose regimens defined by so-called singular controls. The role that singular controls play in the structure of optimal therapy protocols for cell populations with a large number of traits is explored in mathematical models.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Mathematics, Lodz University of Technology, 90-924 Lodz, Poland. email: uledzew@siue.edu.
authors.forename: Urszula
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: Ledzewicz
authors.forename: Shuo
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Heinz
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Schattler
authors.forename: Nicolas
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Andre
authors.forename: Marie Amelie
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Heng
authors.forename: Eddy
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Pasquier
mesh_terms: D000970:Antineoplastic Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use; D000971:Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols; D019008:Drug Resistance, Neoplasm; D006801:Humans; D008962:Models, Theoretical; D009369:Neoplasms / Q000188:drug therapy*
chemical_list: D000970:Antineoplastic Agents