title: Nucleic acid-sensing TLRs: trafficking and regulation.
abstract: Toll-like receptors (TLRs) play an important role in innate immune responses against pathogenic microorganisms or tissue damage. Nucleic acid (NA)-sensing TLRs localize in intracellular vesicular compartments and recognize foreign-derived and host-derived nucleic acid ligands. Inappropriate activation of NA-sensing TLRs can cause pathogenic inflammation and autoimmunity. Multiple regulatory mechanisms exist to limit recognition of self-NAs. This review summarizes recent progress that has been made in understanding how NA-sensing TLRs are regulated via trafficking, proteolytic cleavage, as well as ligand processing and recognition.
authors.affiliation: Division of Immunology & Pathogenesis, Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, United States.
authors.forename: Olivia
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Majer
authors.affiliation: Division of Immunology & Pathogenesis, Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, United States.
authors.forename: Bo
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.affiliation: Division of Immunology & Pathogenesis, Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, United States.
authors.forename: Gregory M
authors.initials: GM
authors.lastname: Barton
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D015551:Autoimmunity; D022162:Cytoplasmic Vesicles / Q000378:metabolism*; D006801:Humans; D007113:Immunity, Innate; D007249:Inflammation / Q000276:immunology*; D008024:Ligands; D009696:Nucleic Acids / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism*; D021381:Protein Transport; D059748:Proteolysis; D015398:Signal Transduction; D051193:Toll-Like Receptors / Q000819:agonists / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D008024:Ligands; D009696:Nucleic Acids; D051193:Toll-Like Receptors