title: Vitamin C induces apoptosis in AGS cells via production of ROS of mitochondria.
abstract: It has been demonstrated that vitamin C exhibits anti-cancer activity in various tumor cell lines; however, its specific mechanism of action remains unknown. Although the diagnosis and therapy of cancer patients have markedly improved in recent years, safer and more cost-effective treatments are still required. Therefore, the present study examined the effect of vitamin C on the induction of cell death in gastric cancer and its underlying mechanism of action. It was observed that the cytotoxicity of vitamin C on the human gastric cancer cell line AGS is dependent on the apoptotic pathway, including caspase cascades, but not on the necroptotic pathway. It was demonstrated that the vitamin C-induced calcium influx and ROS generation have critical roles in the induction of apoptosis. Furthermore, vitamin C treatment depleted adenosine triphosphate (ATP) production in AGS cells, and the autophagy pathway may be involved in this process. Taken together, the current study suggests that a high dose of vitamin C may induce gastric cancer cell apoptosis through the dysfunction of mitochondria, including calcium influx, reactive oxygen species generation and ATP depletion.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatrics, Gyeonsang National University School of Medicine, Jinju, Gyeongsang 660-702, Republic of Korea; Institute of Health Science, Gyeongsang National University Hospital, Jinju, Gyeongsang 660-702, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Jae Young
authors.initials: JY
authors.lastname: Lim
authors.affiliation: Center for Integrative Rheumatoid Transcriptomics and Dynamics, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul 06591, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Donghyun
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatrics, Gyeonsang National University School of Medicine, Jinju, Gyeongsang 660-702, Republic of Korea; Institute of Health Science, Gyeongsang National University Hospital, Jinju, Gyeongsang 660-702, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Bok Ran
authors.initials: BR
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatrics, Gyeonsang National University School of Medicine, Jinju, Gyeongsang 660-702, Republic of Korea; Institute of Health Science, Gyeongsang National University Hospital, Jinju, Gyeongsang 660-702, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Jin Su
authors.initials: JS
authors.lastname: Jun
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatrics, Gyeonsang National University School of Medicine, Jinju, Gyeongsang 660-702, Republic of Korea; Institute of Health Science, Gyeongsang National University Hospital, Jinju, Gyeongsang 660-702, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Jung Sook
authors.initials: JS
authors.lastname: Yeom
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatrics, Gyeonsang National University School of Medicine, Jinju, Gyeongsang 660-702, Republic of Korea; Institute of Health Science, Gyeongsang National University Hospital, Jinju, Gyeongsang 660-702, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Ji Sook
authors.initials: JS
authors.lastname: Park
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatrics, Gyeonsang National University School of Medicine, Jinju, Gyeongsang 660-702, Republic of Korea; Institute of Health Science, Gyeongsang National University Hospital, Jinju, Gyeongsang 660-702, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Ji-Hyun
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Seo
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatrics, Gyeonsang National University School of Medicine, Jinju, Gyeongsang 660-702, Republic of Korea; Institute of Health Science, Gyeongsang National University Hospital, Jinju, Gyeongsang 660-702, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Chan Hoo
authors.initials: CH
authors.lastname: Park
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatrics, Gyeonsang National University School of Medicine, Jinju, Gyeongsang 660-702, Republic of Korea; Institute of Health Science, Gyeongsang National University Hospital, Jinju, Gyeongsang 660-702, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Hyang Ok
authors.initials: HO
authors.lastname: Woo
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatrics, Gyeonsang National University School of Medicine, Jinju, Gyeongsang 660-702, Republic of Korea; Institute of Health Science, Gyeongsang National University Hospital, Jinju, Gyeongsang 660-702, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Hee-Shang
authors.initials: HS
authors.lastname: Youn
authors.affiliation: Institute of Health Science, Gyeongsang National University Hospital, Jinju, Gyeongsang 660-702, Republic of Korea; Department of Microbiology, Gyeonsang National University School of Medicine, Jinju, Gyeongsang 660-702, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Seung-Chul
authors.initials: SC
authors.lastname: Baik
authors.affiliation: Institute of Health Science, Gyeongsang National University Hospital, Jinju, Gyeongsang 660-702, Republic of Korea; Department of Microbiology, Gyeonsang National University School of Medicine, Jinju, Gyeongsang 660-702, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Woo-Kon
authors.initials: WK
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.affiliation: Institute of Health Science, Gyeongsang National University Hospital, Jinju, Gyeongsang 660-702, Republic of Korea; Department of Microbiology, Gyeonsang National University School of Medicine, Jinju, Gyeongsang 660-702, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Myung-Je
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Cho
authors.affiliation: Institute of Health Science, Gyeongsang National University Hospital, Jinju, Gyeongsang 660-702, Republic of Korea; Department of Microbiology, Gyeonsang National University School of Medicine, Jinju, Gyeongsang 660-702, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Kwang-Ho
authors.initials: KH
authors.lastname: Rhee
keywords: apoptosis; reactive oxygen species; vitamin C