title: Quantitative Transcriptomics Reveals the Growth- and Nutrient-Dependent Response of a Streamlined Marine Methylotroph to Methanol and Naturally Occurring Dissolved Organic Matter.
abstract: The members of the OM43 clade of Betaproteobacteria are abundant coastal methylotrophs with a range of carbon-utilizing capabilities. However, their underlying transcriptional and metabolic responses to shifting conditions or different carbon substrates remain poorly understood. We examined the transcriptional dynamics of OM43 isolate NB0046 subjected to various inorganic nutrient, vitamin, and carbon substrate regimes over different growth phases to (i) develop a quantitative model of its mRNA content; (ii) identify transcriptional markers of physiological activity, nutritional state, and carbon and energy utilization; and (iii) identify pathways involved in methanol or naturally occurring dissolved organic matter (DOM) metabolism. Quantitative transcriptomics, achieved through addition of internal RNA standards, allowed for analyses on a transcripts-per-cell scale. This streamlined bacterium exhibited substantial shifts in total mRNA content (ranging from 1,800 to 17 transcripts cell-1in the exponential and deep stationary phases, respectively) and gene-specific transcript abundances (>1,000-fold increases in some cases), depending on the growth phase and nutrient conditions. Carbon metabolism genes exhibited substantial dynamics, including those for ribulose monophosphate, tricarboxylic acid (TCA), and proteorhodopsin, as well as methanol dehydrogenase (xoxF), which, while always the most abundant transcript, increased from 5 to 120 transcripts cell-1when cultures were nutrient and vitamin amended. In the DOM treatment, upregulation of TCA cycle, methylcitrate cycle, vitamin, and organic phosphorus genes suggested a metabolic route for this complex mixture of carbon substrates. The genome-wide inventory of transcript abundances produced here provides insight into a streamlined marine bacterium's regulation of carbon metabolism and energy flow, providing benchmarks for evaluating the activity of OM43 populations in situ IMPORTANCE: Bacteria exert a substantial influence on marine organic matter flux, yet the carbon components targeted by specific bacterial groups, as well as how those groups' metabolic activities change under different conditions, are not well understood. Gene expression studies of model organisms can identify these responses under defined conditions, which can then be compared to environmental transcriptomes to elucidate in situ activities. This integration, however, is limited by the data's relative nature. Here, we report the fully quantitative transcriptome of a marine bacterium, providing a genome-wide survey of cellular transcript abundances and how they change with different states of growth, nutrient conditions, and carbon substrates. The results revealed the dynamic metabolic strategies this methylotroph has for processing both simple one-carbon compounds and the complex multicarbon substrates of naturally derived marine organic matter and provide baseline quantitative data for identifying their in situ activities and impact on the marine carbon cycle.
authors.affiliation: Department of Marine Sciences, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA sgifford@email.unc.edu edelong@hawaii.edu.|Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA.
authors.forename: Scott M
authors.identifier: 0000-0002-3222-9681
authors.initials: SM
authors.lastname: Gifford
authors.affiliation: Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA.
authors.forename: Jamie W
authors.identifier: 0000-0001-5308-1818
authors.initials: JW
authors.lastname: Becker
authors.affiliation: Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA.|Daniel K. Inouye Center for Microbial Oceanography: Research and Education (C-MORE), University of Hawaii, Honolulu, Hawaii, USA.
authors.forename: Oscar A
authors.initials: OA
authors.lastname: Sosa
authors.affiliation: Department of Marine Chemistry and Geochemistry, Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, Woods Hole, Massachusetts, USA.
authors.forename: Daniel J
authors.initials: DJ
authors.lastname: Repeta
authors.affiliation: Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA sgifford@email.unc.edu edelong@hawaii.edu.|Daniel K. Inouye Center for Microbial Oceanography: Research and Education (C-MORE), University of Hawaii, Honolulu, Hawaii, USA.
authors.forename: Edward F
authors.initials: EF
authors.lastname: DeLong
mesh_terms: D059001:Aquatic Organisms / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000254:growth & development*; D020562:Betaproteobacteria / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000254:growth & development*; D002244:Carbon / Q000378:metabolism*; D020869:Gene Expression Profiling; D053858:Metabolic Networks and Pathways; D009930:Organic Chemicals / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D009930:Organic Chemicals; D002244:Carbon