title: Evolution and Management of Treatment-Related Toxicity in Anal Cancer.
abstract: Over the past several decades, clinical trials have demonstrated improved disease-related outcomes in the definitive treatment of anal cancer. Although treatment with radiation and concurrent chemotherapy results in high rates of cure, significant acute and late toxicities are seen. This review focuses on the evolution of treatment-related toxicity for anal cancer. Management of these adverse effects is reviewed, as are future directions in anal cancer treatment and their impact on toxicity.
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiation Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1400 Pressler St, Unit 1422, Houston, TX 77030, USA.
authors.forename: Ethan B
authors.initials: EB
authors.lastname: Ludmir
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiation Oncology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, 2220 Pierce Avenue, Suite B1034, Nashville, TN 37232, USA.
authors.forename: Lisa A
authors.initials: LA
authors.lastname: Kachnic
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiation Oncology, Duke University Medical Center, Box 3085, Durham, NC 27710, USA. Electronic address: czito001@mc.duke.edu.
authors.forename: Brian G
authors.initials: BG
authors.lastname: Czito
mesh_terms: D000971:Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D001005:Anus Neoplasms / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000401:mortality / Q000628:therapy*; D002294:Carcinoma, Squamous Cell / Q000401:mortality / Q000628:therapy*; D059248:Chemoradiotherapy / Q000009:adverse effects*; D002945:Cisplatin / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects; D005260:Female; D005472:Fluorouracil / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D016685:Mitomycin / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects; D050397:Radiotherapy, Intensity-Modulated / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000379:methods / Q000401:mortality; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D016685:Mitomycin; D002945:Cisplatin; D005472:Fluorouracil
keywords: Anal cancer; Chemoradiation; Chemotherapy; Cisplatin; Intensity-modulated radiotherapy; Mitomycin-C; Radiotherapy; Toxicity