title: Cost of glaucoma treatment in a developing country over a 5-year period.
abstract: The aim of the study was to disclose a realistic estimate of primary open-angle glaucoma treatment, follow-up costs, and patients' monthly glaucoma-economic burden in an ophthalmology hospital in Mexico City.Prospective survey of 462 primary open-angle glaucoma patients from 2007 to 2012 was carried out. Costs from visits, glaucoma follow-up studies, laser, and glaucoma surgical procedures were obtained from hospital pricings. Education, employment, and monthly income were interrogated. Total cost was divided into hypotensive treatment cost, nonpharmacologic treatment cost (laser and surgeries), and follow-up studies and consults. Average wholesale price for drugs analyzed was obtained from IMS Health data; monthly cost was calculated using: Monthly cost  = ([average wholesale price/number of drops per eye dropper] × number of daily applications) × 30 days.Patients were classified according to their glaucoma severity, and data were analyzed based on monthly income (average annual exchange rate: 12.85 Mexican pesos = 1 USD).The mean age was 70 ± 10 years, women = 81%, elementary school = 39%, and unemployed = 53%. Low-income group = 266 patients (57%), 146 with mild glaucoma; moderate-income group = 176 patients (38%), 81 with mild glaucoma; high-income group = 20 patients (4.3%), 10 with mild glaucoma. Patients' monthly average economic burden in glaucoma treatment: low-income patients = 61.5%, moderate-income patients = 19.5%, and high-income patients = 7.9%.Glaucoma-economic burden is substantial not only for health systems, but for the family and the patient. Therefore, screening plans for earlier diagnosis, and health policies that lessen the cost of disease management and increase adherence to treatment, and reduce the prevalence of blindness attributed to glaucoma are essential. These would improve quality of life, reduce personal and national expenditure, and help increase national economy.
authors.affiliation: Glaucoma Department, Asociación para Evitar la Ceguera en México Endocrinology Department, Instituto Nacional de Cardiología Ignacio Chávez, Mexico.
authors.forename: Gabriel
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Lazcano-Gomez
authors.forename: María de Los Angeles
authors.initials: MLA
authors.lastname: Ramos-Cadena
authors.forename: Margarita
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Torres-Tamayo
authors.forename: Alejandra
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Hernandez de Oteyza
authors.forename: Mauricio
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Turati-Acosta
authors.forename: Jesús
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Jimenez-Román
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D003906:Developing Countries; D005260:Female; D005902:Glaucoma, Open-Angle / Q000191:economics* / Q000628:therapy*; D017048:Health Care Costs; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008800:Mexico; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012720:Severity of Illness Index