title: PI3K/AKT/mTOR: role in breast cancer progression, drug resistance, and treatment.
abstract: Anti-cancer cancer-targeted therapies are designed to exploit a particular vulnerability in the tumor, which in most cases results from its dependence on an oncogene and/or loss of a tumor suppressor. Mutations in the phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K)/AKT/mTOR pathway are freqcuently found in breast cancers and associated with cellular transformation, tumorigenesis, cancer progression, and drug resistance. Several drugs targeting PI3K/ATK/mTOR are currently in clinical trials, mainly in combination with endocrine therapy and anti-HER2 therapy. These drugs are the focus of this review.
authors.affiliation: Departments of Medicine and Cancer Biology; Breast Cancer Program, Vanderbilt-Ingram, Cancer Center, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN, 37232, USA.
authors.forename: Angel
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Guerrero-Zotano
authors.affiliation: Departments of Medicine and Cancer Biology; Breast Cancer Program, Vanderbilt-Ingram, Cancer Center, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN, 37232, USA.
authors.forename: Ingrid A
authors.initials: IA
authors.lastname: Mayer
authors.affiliation: Departments of Medicine and Cancer Biology; Breast Cancer Program, Vanderbilt-Ingram, Cancer Center, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN, 37232, USA. carlos.arteaga@vanderbilt.edu.
authors.forename: Carlos L
authors.initials: CL
authors.lastname: Arteaga
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001943:Breast Neoplasms / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000201:enzymology*; D019008:Drug Resistance, Neoplasm; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D051058:Oncogene Protein v-akt / Q000378:metabolism*; D019869:Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinases / Q000378:metabolism*; D058570:TOR Serine-Threonine Kinases / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D051058:Oncogene Protein v-akt; D019869:Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinases; D058570:TOR Serine-Threonine Kinases
keywords: AKT; Breast cancer; PI3K; mTOR