title: Neuroprotective Strategies during Cardiac Surgery with Cardiopulmonary Bypass.
abstract: Aortocoronary bypass or valve surgery usually require cardiac arrest using cardioplegic solutions. Although, in principle, in a number of cases beating heart surgery (so-called off-pump technique) is possible, aortic or valve surgery or correction of congenital heart diseases mostly require cardiopulmonary arrest. During this condition, the heart-lung machine also named cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) has to take over the circulation. It is noteworthy that the invention of a machine bypassing the heart and lungs enabled complex cardiac operations, but possible negative effects of the CPB on other organs, especially the brain, cannot be neglected. Thus, neuroprotection during CPB is still a matter of great interest. In this review, we will describe the impact of CPB on the brain and focus on pharmacological and non-pharmacological strategies to protect the brain.
authors.affiliation: Clinic for Paediatric Cardiology Heart Centre, University of Leipzig, 04289 Leipzig, Germany. aida.salameh@medizin.uni-leipzig.de.
authors.forename: Aida
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Salameh
authors.affiliation: Rudolf-Boehm-Institute for Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Leipzig, 04107 Leipzig, Germany. stefan.dhein@medizin.uni-leipzig.de.
authors.forename: Stefan
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Dhein
authors.affiliation: Clinic for Paediatric Cardiology Heart Centre, University of Leipzig, 04289 Leipzig, Germany. ingo.daehnert@medizin.uni-leipzig.de.
authors.forename: Ingo
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Dähnert
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardiology, Angiology and Internal Intensive Care Medicine, St. Georg Hospital, Academic Medical Centre, University of Leipzig, 04129 Leipzig, Germany. norbert.klein@sanktgeorg.de.
authors.forename: Norbert
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Klein
mesh_terms: D000893:Anti-Inflammatory Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use; D000975:Antioxidants / Q000627:therapeutic use; D001011:Aorta / Q000187:drug effects / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery; D001921:Brain / Q000098:blood supply / Q000187:drug effects*; D001929:Brain Edema / Q000517:prevention & control*; D006348:Cardiac Surgical Procedures / Q000379:methods*; D002315:Cardiopulmonary Bypass / Q000379:methods*; D060825:Cognitive Dysfunction / Q000517:prevention & control*; D006321:Heart / Q000187:drug effects; D006323:Heart Arrest / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000601:surgery* / Q000628:therapy; D006801:Humans; D007004:Hypoglycemic Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use; D007036:Hypothermia, Induced; D008168:Lung / Q000098:blood supply / Q000187:drug effects / Q000601:surgery; D018696:Neuroprotective Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D011673:Pulsatile Flow; D014665:Vasodilator Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use
chemical_list: D000893:Anti-Inflammatory Agents; D000975:Antioxidants; D007004:Hypoglycemic Agents; D018696:Neuroprotective Agents; D014665:Vasodilator Agents
keywords: cardiopulmonary bypass; heart-lung machine; neuroprotection