title: Genome Sequencing.
abstract: Genome sequencing is an important step toward correlating genotypes with phenotypic characters. Sequencing technologies are important in many fields in the life sciences, including functional genomics, transcriptomics, oncology, evolutionary biology, forensic sciences, and many more. The era of sequencing has been divided into three generations. First generation sequencing involved sequencing by synthesis (Sanger sequencing) and sequencing by cleavage (Maxam-Gilbert sequencing). Sanger sequencing led to the completion of various genome sequences (including human) and provided the foundation for development of other sequencing technologies. Since then, various techniques have been developed which can overcome some of the limitations of Sanger sequencing. These techniques are collectively known as "Next-generation sequencing" (NGS), and are further classified into second and third generation technologies. Although NGS methods have many advantages in terms of speed, cost, and parallelism, the accuracy and read length of Sanger sequencing is still superior and has confined the use of NGS mainly to resequencing genomes. Consequently, there is a continuing need to develop improved real time sequencing techniques. This chapter reviews some of the options currently available and provides a generic workflow for sequencing a genome.
authors.affiliation: Sri Venkateswara College, University of Delhi (South Campus), Benito Juarez Road, Dhaula Kuan, New Delhi, 110 021, India. mansiverma20@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Mansi
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Verma
authors.affiliation: Sri Venkateswara College, University of Delhi (South Campus), Benito Juarez Road, Dhaula Kuan, New Delhi, 110 021, India.
authors.forename: Samarth
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Kulshrestha
authors.affiliation: Sri Venkateswara College, University of Delhi (South Campus), Benito Juarez Road, Dhaula Kuan, New Delhi, 110 021, India.
authors.forename: Ayush
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Puri
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D023281:Genomics / Q000379:methods; D059014:High-Throughput Nucleotide Sequencing / Q000379:methods*; D006801:Humans; D017422:Sequence Analysis, DNA / Q000379:methods
keywords: Cyclic-array sequencing; Nanopore; Next-generation sequencing; Sanger sequencing