title: Adult Complex Regional Pain Syndrome Type I: A Narrative Review.
abstract: Complex regional pain syndrome type I (CRPS I) is a multifactorial painful disorder with a complex pathogenesis. Both peripheral and central mechanisms are involved. Acute CRPS I is considered to be an exaggerated inflammatory disorder; however, over time, because of altered function of the sympathetic nervous system and maladaptive neuroplasticity, CRPS I evolves into a neurological disorder. This review thoroughly describes the pathophysiological aspects of CRPS I and summarizes the potential therapeutic options. The mechanisms and targets of the treatment are different in the early and late stages of the disease. This current review builds on a previous review by this author group by deepening the role of the peripheral classic and neuronal inflammatory component in the acute stage of this painful disorder.
  
  
  METHODS
  Not applicable.
authors.affiliation: Anesthesia and Intensive Care Unit, Treviglio-Caravaggio Hospital, Treviglio (BG), Italy; C/da Duchessa 126, 91014 Castellammare del Golfo (TP), Italy(∗). Electronic address: martbuss@alice.it.
authors.forename: Martino
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Bussa
authors.affiliation: Anaesthesiology, Intensive Care and Pain Therapy Department, Catholic University, Medical School, Rome, Italy(†).
authors.forename: Adriana
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Mascaro
authors.affiliation: Anesthesia, Intensive Care and Pain Therapy Unit, Villa Sofia-Cervello Hospital, Palermo, Italy(‡).
authors.forename: Lorena
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Cuffaro
authors.affiliation: Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery Department, University 'Sapienza' of Rome, Rome, Italy(§).
authors.forename: Simona
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Rinaldi
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D003131:Combined Modality Therapy; D020918:Complex Regional Pain Syndromes / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000628:therapy*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D033262:Narration; D010147:Pain Measurement; D018570:Risk Assessment; D012720:Severity of Illness Index