title: Pathogenic features of clinically significant coagulase-negative staphylococci in hospital and community infections in Benin.
abstract: In West Africa, very little consideration has been given to coagulase negative Staphylococci (CNS). Herein, we describe the features contributing to the pathogenicity of 99 clinically-significant independent CNS isolates associated with infections encountered at the National Teaching Hospital Center of Cotonou (Benin). The pathogenic potentials of nosocomial strains were compared with community strains. S. haemolyticus (44%), S. epidermidis (22%) and S. hominis (7%) were the most frequently isolated while bacteremia (66.7%) and urinary tract infections (24.2%) were the most commonly encountered infections. Most strains were resistant to multiple antibiotics, including penicillin (92%), fosfomycin (81%), methicillin (74%) and trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (72%). The most frequently isolated species were also the most frequently resistant to methicillin: S. hominis (100%), S. haemolyticus (93%) and S. epidermidis (67%). Screening of toxic functions or toxin presence revealed hemolytic potential in 25% of strains in over 50% of human erythrocytes in 1h. Twenty-six percent of strains exhibited protease activity with low (5%), moderate (10%) and high activity (11%), while 25% of strains displayed esterase activity. Three percent of strain supernatants were able to lyse 100% of human polymorphonuclear cells after 30min. Polymerase chain reaction and latex agglutination methods revealed staphylococcal enterotoxin C gene expression in 9% of S. epidermidis. A majority of hospital-associated CNS strains (68%) had at least one important virulence feature, compared with only 32% for community-acquired strains. The present investigation confirms that these microorganisms can be virulent, at least in some individual cases, possibly through genetic transfer from S. aureus.
authors.affiliation: Université de Strasbourg, CHRU Strasbourg, Fédération de Médecine Translationnelle de Strasbourg, VBP EA 7290, F-67000 Strasbourg, France; Faculté des Sciences et Techniques, Laboratoire de Biologie et de Typage Moléculaire en Microbiologie, Université d'Abomey, Calavi, 05 BP 1604 Cotonou, Benin.
authors.forename: Chimène
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Nanoukon
authors.affiliation: Université de Strasbourg, CHRU Strasbourg, Fédération de Médecine Translationnelle de Strasbourg, VBP EA 7290, F-67000 Strasbourg, France.
authors.forename: Xavier
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Argemi
authors.affiliation: Laboratoire de Microbiologie du Centre National Hospitalier et Universitaire Hubert Koutoukou-Maga, Cotonou, Benin.
authors.forename: Frédéric
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Sogbo
authors.affiliation: Laboratoire de Microbiologie du Centre National Hospitalier et Universitaire Hubert Koutoukou-Maga, Cotonou, Benin.
authors.forename: Jeanne
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Orekan
authors.affiliation: Université de Strasbourg, CHRU Strasbourg, Fédération de Médecine Translationnelle de Strasbourg, VBP EA 7290, F-67000 Strasbourg, France.
authors.forename: Daniel
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Keller
authors.affiliation: Laboratoire de Microbiologie du Centre National Hospitalier et Universitaire Hubert Koutoukou-Maga, Cotonou, Benin.
authors.forename: Dissou
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Affolabi
authors.affiliation: Université de Strasbourg, CHRU Strasbourg, Fédération de Médecine Translationnelle de Strasbourg, VBP EA 7290, F-67000 Strasbourg, France.
authors.forename: Frédéric
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Schramm
authors.affiliation: Université de Strasbourg, CHRU Strasbourg, Fédération de Médecine Translationnelle de Strasbourg, VBP EA 7290, F-67000 Strasbourg, France.
authors.forename: Philippe
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Riegel
authors.affiliation: Faculté des Sciences et Techniques, Laboratoire de Biologie et de Typage Moléculaire en Microbiologie, Université d'Abomey, Calavi, 05 BP 1604 Cotonou, Benin.
authors.forename: Lamine
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Baba-Moussa
authors.affiliation: Université de Strasbourg, CHRU Strasbourg, Fédération de Médecine Translationnelle de Strasbourg, VBP EA 7290, F-67000 Strasbourg, France. Electronic address: prevost@unistra.fr.
authors.forename: Gilles
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Prévost
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents / Q000494:pharmacology; D001541:Benin; D002470:Cell Survival; D003030:Coagulase / Q000032:analysis*; D017714:Community-Acquired Infections / Q000382:microbiology / Q000473:pathology*; D003428:Cross Infection / Q000382:microbiology / Q000473:pathology*; D004768:Enterotoxins / Q000235:genetics; D004912:Erythrocytes / Q000382:microbiology; D004950:Esterases / Q000032:analysis; D005260:Female; D006461:Hemolysis; D006784:Hospitals, Teaching; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008826:Microbial Sensitivity Tests; D008875:Middle Aged; D009504:Neutrophils / Q000382:microbiology; D010447:Peptide Hydrolases / Q000032:analysis; D016133:Polymerase Chain Reaction; D011446:Prospective Studies; D013203:Staphylococcal Infections / Q000382:microbiology / Q000473:pathology*; D013210:Staphylococcus / Q000145:classification / Q000187:drug effects / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D014774:Virulence; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents; D003030:Coagulase; D004768:Enterotoxins; C034959:enterotoxin C, staphylococcal; D004950:Esterases; D010447:Peptide Hydrolases
keywords: Antibiotic resistance; Clinically significant coagulase-negative staphylococci; Enterotoxin; Hemolytic activity; Virulence factors