title: Contact sensitization to limonene and linalool hydroperoxides in Spain: a GEIDAC*prospective study.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Limonene and linalool are common fragrance terpenes widely used in cosmetic, household and hygiene products. Their primary oxidation products formed after air exposure, the hydroperoxides, have been recognized as important contact haptens.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To investigate the prevalence of contact allergy to hydroperoxides of limonene (Lim-OOHs) and hydroperoxides of linalool (Lin-OOHs) in Spain, and to define the optimal concentration for screening in consecutive patients.
  
  
  METHODS
  Three different concentrations of Lim-OOHs (0.1%, 0.2% and 0.3% pet.) and Lin-OOHs (0.25%, 0.5% and 1.0% pet.) were simultaneously tested in 3639 consecutive patients at 22 departments of dermatology in Spain.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Lim-OOHs at 0.1%, 0.2% and 0.3% yielded positive patch test reactions in 1.4%, 3.4% and 5.1% of the tested patients, respectively; and Lin-OOHs at 0.25%, 0.5% and 1.0% yielded positive reactions in 1.3%, 2.9% and 4.9% of the tested patients, respectively. Few irritant (1.5-1.9%) and doubtful reactions (0.4-0.5%) to both terpene hydroperoxides were registered at the highest concentrations tested.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Lim-OOHs and Lin-OOHs can be considered as common causes of contact allergy, and their inclusion in an extended baseline patch test series therefore seems to be appropriate. The patch test preparations of Lim-OOHs 0.3% pet. and Lin-OOHs 1.0% pet. are useful tools for screening of contact sensitization.
authors.affiliation: Department of Dermatology, Hospital del Mar, Institut Mar d'Investigacions Mèdiques, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB), 08003 Barcelona, Spain.
authors.forename: Gustavo
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Deza
authors.affiliation: Department of Dermatology, University Hospital Virgen Macarena, 41009 Sevilla, Spain.
authors.forename: Begoña
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: García-Bravo
authors.affiliation: Department of Dermatology, University Hospital of Alicante, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria y Biomédica de Alicante- Fundación FISABIO, 03010 Alicante, Spain.
authors.forename: Juan F
authors.initials: JF
authors.lastname: Silvestre
authors.affiliation: Department of Dermatology, University Hospital of Guadalajara, 19002 Guadalajara, Spain.
authors.forename: Maria A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Pastor-Nieto
authors.affiliation: Department of Dermatology, University Hospital Araba, 01009 Vitoria, Spain.
authors.forename: Ricardo
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: González-Pérez
authors.affiliation: Department of Dermatology, Fundación Jiménez Díaz, 28040 Madrid, Spain.
authors.forename: Felipe
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Heras-Mendaza
authors.affiliation: Department of Dermatology, University Hospital Morales Meseguer, 30008 Murcia, Spain.
authors.forename: Pedro
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Mercader
authors.affiliation: Department of Dermatology, University Hospital Santiago de Compostela, 15706 Santiago de Compostela, Spain.
authors.forename: Virginia
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Fernández-Redondo
authors.affiliation: Chemotechnique Diagnostics, 235 39 Vellinge, Sweden.
authors.forename: Bo
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Niklasson
authors.affiliation: Department of Dermatology, Hospital del Mar, Institut Mar d'Investigacions Mèdiques, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB), 08003 Barcelona, Spain.
authors.forename: Ana M
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Giménez-Arnau
mesh_terms: D000080462:Acyclic Monoterpenes; D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D053138:Cyclohexenes / Q000009:adverse effects*; D017449:Dermatitis, Allergic Contact / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000209:etiology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D006861:Hydrogen Peroxide / Q000009:adverse effects*; D000077222:Limonene; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D039821:Monoterpenes / Q000009:adverse effects*; D010084:Oxidation-Reduction; D010328:Patch Tests; D010476:Perfume / Q000009:adverse effects*; D015995:Prevalence; D011446:Prospective Studies; D013030:Spain / Q000453:epidemiology; D013729:Terpenes / Q000009:adverse effects*; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D000080462:Acyclic Monoterpenes; D053138:Cyclohexenes; D039821:Monoterpenes; D010476:Perfume; D013729:Terpenes; D000077222:Limonene; D006861:Hydrogen Peroxide; C018584:linalool
keywords: allergic contact dermatitis; fragrance allergy; hydroperoxides; limonene; linalool