title: Exposure factors for cleaning, automotive care, and surface protection products for exposure assessments.
abstract: Accurately measuring the usage patterns of consumer products (CPs) is important to conduct realistic exposure assessments. We determined the exposure factors for 18 consumer products: household bleach, mold stain remover, all-purpose cleaner, washing machine cleaner, air conditioner cleaner, glass cleaner, drain cleaner, adhesive remover, liquid snow chain, tire shine spray, wheel cleaner, rain repellent, car wax spray, leather polish, furniture polish, anti-fog product, fabric waterproofing spray, and rust inhibitor. Field survey staff visited homes and collected product use information via face-to-face interviews. In total, 10,000 participants (5010 men and 4990 women) aged 15 years and older completed the questionnaire. Household bleach had the highest use rate of 47.4% and use rates for the other products ranged from 0.8 to 21.7%. The use rates of many CPs differed by age group and gender. Many household cleaning products were used regularly, but some products, such as air conditioner cleaner and liquid snow chain, were used in specific seasons or for specific purposes; therefore, they were used less frequently compared to cleaning products. These exposure factor data will be useful as input data for exposure and risk assessments and setting safety guidelines.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Health and Environment, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Ji Young
authors.initials: JY
authors.lastname: Park
authors.affiliation: Department of Environmental Health, Graduate School of Public Health, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Miyoung
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Lim
authors.affiliation: Department of Occupational Health, Daegu Catholic University, Daegu, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Wonho
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.affiliation: Institute of Health and Environment, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea; Department of Environmental Health, Graduate School of Public Health, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea. Electronic address: cleanair@snu.ac.kr.
authors.forename: Kiyoung
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Lee
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D001336:Automobiles; D003257:Consumer Product Safety / Q000592:standards*; D004781:Environmental Exposure / Q000009:adverse effects*; D005260:Female; D006795:Household Products / Q000592:standards* / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D016273:Occupational Exposure / Q000009:adverse effects*; D018570:Risk Assessment; D013501:Surface-Active Agents / Q000009:adverse effects*; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires
chemical_list: D013501:Surface-Active Agents
keywords: Consumer exposure; Consumer products; Exposure assessment; Exposure factors