title: Aeromonas and Plesiomonas species from scarlet ibis (Eudocimus ruber) and their environment: monitoring antimicrobial susceptibility and virulence.
abstract: The present study aimed at evaluating the role of captive scarlet ibises (Eudocimus ruber) and their environment as reservoirs of Aeromonas spp. and Plesiomonas spp., and analyzing the in vitro antimicrobial susceptibility and virulence of the recovered bacterial isolates. Thus, non-lactose and weak-lactose fermenting, oxidase positive Gram-negative bacilli were recovered from cloacal samples (n = 30) of scarlet ibises kept in a conservational facility and from water samples (n = 30) from their environment. Then, the antimicrobial susceptibility, hemolytic activity and biofilm production of the recovered Aeromonas spp. and Plesiomonas shigelloides strains were assessed. In addition, the virulence-associated genes of Aeromonas spp. were detected. Ten Aeromonas veronii bv. sobria, 2 Aeromonas hydrophila complex and 10 P. shigelloides were recovered. Intermediate susceptibility to piperacillin-tazobactam and cefepime was observed in 2 Aeromonas spp. and 1 P. shigelloides, respectively, and resistance to gentamicin was observed in 4 P. shigelloides. The automated susceptibility analysis revealed resistance to piperacillin-tazobactam and meropenem among Aeromonas spp. and intermediate susceptibility to gentamicin among P. shigelloides. All Aeromonas isolates presented hemolytic activity, while 3 P. shigelloides were non-hemolytic. All Aeromonas spp. and 3/10 P. shigelloides were biofilm-producers, at 28 °C, while 10 Aeromonas spp. and 6/10 P. shigelloides produced biofilms, at 37 °C. The most prevalent virulence genes of Aeromonas spp. were asa1 and ascV. Scarlet ibises and their environment harbour potentially pathogenic bacteria, thus requiring monitoring and measures to prevent contamination of humans and other animals.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathology and Legal Medicine, Postgraduate Program in Medical Microbiology, Federal University of Ceará, Rua Coronel Nunes de Melo s/n, Rodolfo Teófilo, Fortaleza, Ceará, CEP 60430-270, Brazil.
authors.forename: Débora Souza Collares Maia
authors.initials: DS
authors.lastname: Castelo-Branco
authors.affiliation: School of Veterinary Medicine, Postgraduate Program in Veterinary Sciences, State University of Ceará, Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil.
authors.forename: Aline Lobão da
authors.initials: AL
authors.lastname: Silva
authors.affiliation: Universidade Federal Rural da Amazônia - UFRA, Belém, Pará, Brazil.
authors.forename: Frederico Ozanan Barros
authors.initials: FO
authors.lastname: Monteiro
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathology and Legal Medicine, Postgraduate Program in Medical Microbiology, Federal University of Ceará, Rua Coronel Nunes de Melo s/n, Rodolfo Teófilo, Fortaleza, Ceará, CEP 60430-270, Brazil.
authors.forename: Glaucia Morgana de Melo
authors.initials: GM
authors.lastname: Guedes
authors.affiliation: School of Veterinary Medicine, Postgraduate Program in Veterinary Sciences, State University of Ceará, Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil.
authors.forename: Jamille Alencar
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Sales
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathology and Legal Medicine, Postgraduate Program in Medical Microbiology, Federal University of Ceará, Rua Coronel Nunes de Melo s/n, Rodolfo Teófilo, Fortaleza, Ceará, CEP 60430-270, Brazil.
authors.forename: Jonathas Sales de
authors.initials: JS
authors.lastname: Oliveira
authors.affiliation: School of Veterinary Medicine, Postgraduate Program in Veterinary Sciences, State University of Ceará, Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil.
authors.forename: José Erisvaldo
authors.initials: JE
authors.lastname: Maia Junior
authors.affiliation: Parque Mangal das Garças, Belém, Pará, Brazil.
authors.forename: Stefânia Araújo
authors.initials: SA
authors.lastname: Miranda
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathology and Legal Medicine, Postgraduate Program in Medical Microbiology, Federal University of Ceará, Rua Coronel Nunes de Melo s/n, Rodolfo Teófilo, Fortaleza, Ceará, CEP 60430-270, Brazil.
authors.forename: José Júlio Costa
authors.initials: JJ
authors.lastname: Sidrim
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathology and Legal Medicine, Postgraduate Program in Medical Microbiology, Federal University of Ceará, Rua Coronel Nunes de Melo s/n, Rodolfo Teófilo, Fortaleza, Ceará, CEP 60430-270, Brazil.
authors.forename: Lucas Pereira de
authors.initials: LP
authors.lastname: Alencar
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathology and Legal Medicine, Postgraduate Program in Medical Microbiology, Federal University of Ceará, Rua Coronel Nunes de Melo s/n, Rodolfo Teófilo, Fortaleza, Ceará, CEP 60430-270, Brazil. brilhante@ufc.br.
authors.forename: Raimunda Sâmia Nogueira
authors.initials: RS
authors.lastname: Brilhante
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathology and Legal Medicine, Postgraduate Program in Medical Microbiology, Federal University of Ceará, Rua Coronel Nunes de Melo s/n, Rodolfo Teófilo, Fortaleza, Ceará, CEP 60430-270, Brazil.
authors.forename: Rossana de Aguiar
authors.initials: RA
authors.lastname: Cordeiro
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathology and Legal Medicine, Postgraduate Program in Medical Microbiology, Federal University of Ceará, Rua Coronel Nunes de Melo s/n, Rodolfo Teófilo, Fortaleza, Ceará, CEP 60430-270, Brazil.|School of Medicine, Christus College - Unichristus, Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil.
authors.forename: Tereza de Jesus Pinheiro Gomes
authors.initials: TJ
authors.lastname: Bandeira
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathology and Legal Medicine, Postgraduate Program in Medical Microbiology, Federal University of Ceará, Rua Coronel Nunes de Melo s/n, Rodolfo Teófilo, Fortaleza, Ceará, CEP 60430-270, Brazil.
authors.forename: Waldemiro de Aquino
authors.initials: WA
authors.lastname: Pereira Neto
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathology and Legal Medicine, Postgraduate Program in Medical Microbiology, Federal University of Ceará, Rua Coronel Nunes de Melo s/n, Rodolfo Teófilo, Fortaleza, Ceará, CEP 60430-270, Brazil.|School of Veterinary Medicine, Postgraduate Program in Veterinary Sciences, State University of Ceará, Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil.
authors.forename: Marcos Fábio Gadelha
authors.initials: MF
authors.lastname: Rocha
mesh_terms: D000333:Aeromonas / Q000145:classification / Q000187:drug effects / Q000302:isolation & purification* / Q000472:pathogenicity; D000818:Animals; D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents / Q000494:pharmacology; D001426:Bacterial Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D001715:Bird Diseases / Q000382:microbiology*; D001717:Birds / Q000382:microbiology*; D017753:Ecosystem; D016905:Gram-Negative Bacterial Infections / Q000382:microbiology / Q000662:veterinary*; D016981:Plesiomonas / Q000145:classification / Q000187:drug effects / Q000302:isolation & purification* / Q000472:pathogenicity; D014774:Virulence
chemical_list: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents; D001426:Bacterial Proteins
keywords: Aeromonas sp. Plesiomonas shigelloides; Antimicrobial susceptibility; Eudocimus ruber; Scarlet ibis; Virulence factor