title: Gut Homing CD4+ and CD8+ T-Cell Frequencies in HIV Infected Individuals on Antiretroviral Treatment.
abstract: The depletion of mucosal CD4+ T-cells occurs early in HIV infection and despite years on antiretroviral treatment (ART), this population never reconstitutes to pre-HIV infection levels. In an effort to understand the effect of ART initiation and different ART regimens on the reconstitution of mucosal T cells within the gut associated lymphoid tissue (GALT), we quantified the frequency of CD4+ and CD8+ T cells expressing the gut homing receptors CCR9 and β7 in peripheral blood (PB) of HIV infected individuals naive to ART and treated individuals on both short-term (less than a year) and long-term ART (more than 2 years). We found that the gut homing CD4+ T cells were depleted in ART-naive individuals and increased after ART initiation but levels were not comparable to HIV uninfected individuals. Gut homing CD4+ T cell activation decreased after ART initiation whilst gut homing CD8+ T cell activation remained elevated in ART experienced individuals, especially in those individuals taking protease inhibitors. Our findings provide new insights into the effects of ART initiation and ART regimens on the frequency and immune status of gut homing CD4+ and CD8+ T cells.
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Investigación en Enfermedades Infecciosas, Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Respiratorias, Ciudad de México, México.
authors.forename: Olivia
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Briceño
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Investigación en Enfermedades Infecciosas, Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Respiratorias, Ciudad de México, México.
authors.forename: Sandra
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Pinto-Cardoso
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Investigación en Enfermedades Infecciosas, Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Respiratorias, Ciudad de México, México.
authors.forename: Nataly
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Rodríguez-Bernabe
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Investigación en Enfermedades Infecciosas, Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Respiratorias, Ciudad de México, México.
authors.forename: Akio
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Murakami-Ogasawara
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Investigación en Enfermedades Infecciosas, Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Respiratorias, Ciudad de México, México.
authors.forename: Gustavo
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Reyes-Terán
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D019380:Anti-HIV Agents / Q000494:pharmacology* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D015496:CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes / Q000166:cytology* / Q000187:drug effects; D018414:CD8-Positive T-Lymphocytes / Q000166:cytology* / Q000187:drug effects / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism; D005260:Female; D005786:Gene Expression Regulation / Q000187:drug effects; D015658:HIV Infections / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000276:immunology* / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D007422:Intestines / Q000187:drug effects / Q000276:immunology*; D008213:Lymphocyte Activation / Q000187:drug effects; D008297:Male; D055651:NK Cell Lectin-Like Receptor Subfamily B / Q000378:metabolism; D013997:Time Factors
chemical_list: D019380:Anti-HIV Agents; D055651:NK Cell Lectin-Like Receptor Subfamily B