title: Outbreak of severe pseudorabies virus infection in pig-offal-fed farmed mink in Liaoning Province, China.
abstract: An outbreak of severe pseudorabies virus (PRV) infection in farmed mink occurred in northern China in late 2014, causing significant economic losses in the local fur industry. Here, we report the first case of a PRV outbreak in mink in northeastern China, caused by feeding farmed mink with raw pork or organs contaminated by PRV. Mink infected with virulent PRV exhibited diarrhea, neurologic signs, and higher mortality, which can be misdiagnosed as highly pathogenic mink enteritis virus (MEV), canine distemper virus (CDV), and food poisoning. However, these were excluded as causative agents by PCR or bacteria isolation. The duration of disease was 3-7 days, and the mortality rate was 80-90%. PRV was characterized using indirect immunofluorescence assays (IFA) and electron microscopy (EM). Phylogenetic analysis based on full-length genome sequences and those of individual genes of this novel virus strain showed that it clustered in an independent branch with several other PRV isolates from China.
authors.affiliation: Division of Infectious Diseases of Special Economic Animals, State Key Laboratory for Molecular Biology of Special Economic Animals, Institute of Special Animal and Plant Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changchun, 130122, China.
authors.forename: Hao
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.affiliation: Division of Infectious Diseases of Special Economic Animals, State Key Laboratory for Molecular Biology of Special Economic Animals, Institute of Special Animal and Plant Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changchun, 130122, China.
authors.forename: Xin-Tong
authors.initials: XT
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: Division of Infectious Diseases of Special Economic Animals, State Key Laboratory for Molecular Biology of Special Economic Animals, Institute of Special Animal and Plant Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changchun, 130122, China.
authors.forename: Bo
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Hu
authors.affiliation: Division of Infectious Diseases of Special Economic Animals, State Key Laboratory for Molecular Biology of Special Economic Animals, Institute of Special Animal and Plant Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changchun, 130122, China.
authors.forename: Xiao-Yu
authors.initials: XY
authors.lastname: Deng
authors.affiliation: Division of Infectious Diseases of Special Economic Animals, State Key Laboratory for Molecular Biology of Special Economic Animals, Institute of Special Animal and Plant Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changchun, 130122, China.
authors.forename: Lei
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: Division of Infectious Diseases of Special Economic Animals, State Key Laboratory for Molecular Biology of Special Economic Animals, Institute of Special Animal and Plant Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changchun, 130122, China.
authors.forename: Shi-Zhen
authors.initials: SZ
authors.lastname: Lian
authors.affiliation: Division of Infectious Diseases of Special Economic Animals, State Key Laboratory for Molecular Biology of Special Economic Animals, Institute of Special Animal and Plant Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changchun, 130122, China.
authors.forename: Hai-Ling
authors.initials: HL
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: Division of Infectious Diseases of Special Economic Animals, State Key Laboratory for Molecular Biology of Special Economic Animals, Institute of Special Animal and Plant Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changchun, 130122, China.
authors.forename: Shuang
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Lv
authors.affiliation: Division of Infectious Diseases of Special Economic Animals, State Key Laboratory for Molecular Biology of Special Economic Animals, Institute of Special Animal and Plant Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changchun, 130122, China.
authors.forename: Xiang-Hong
authors.initials: XH
authors.lastname: Xue
authors.affiliation: Division of Infectious Diseases of Special Economic Animals, State Key Laboratory for Molecular Biology of Special Economic Animals, Institute of Special Animal and Plant Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changchun, 130122, China.
authors.forename: Rong-Guang
authors.initials: RG
authors.lastname: Lu
authors.affiliation: Division of Infectious Diseases of Special Economic Animals, State Key Laboratory for Molecular Biology of Special Economic Animals, Institute of Special Animal and Plant Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changchun, 130122, China.
authors.forename: Ning
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Shi
authors.affiliation: Department of Veterinary Medicine, Agriculture College of Yanbian University, Yanji, China.
authors.forename: Ming-Hao
authors.initials: MH
authors.lastname: Yan
authors.affiliation: Medical College of Yanbian University, Yanji, China.
authors.forename: Peng-Peng
authors.initials: PP
authors.lastname: Xiao
authors.affiliation: Division of Infectious Diseases of Special Economic Animals, State Key Laboratory for Molecular Biology of Special Economic Animals, Institute of Special Animal and Plant Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changchun, 130122, China. liuhaowinner@126.com.
authors.forename: Xi-Jun
authors.initials: XJ
authors.lastname: Yan
mesh_terms: D000821:Animal Feed / Q000032:analysis / Q000821:virology*; D000818:Animals; D002681:China / Q000453:epidemiology; D005506:Food Contamination / Q000032:analysis; D011558:Herpesvirus 1, Suid / Q000145:classification / Q000235:genetics / Q000302:isolation & purification* / Q000502:physiology; D008907:Mink / Q000821:virology*; D010802:Phylogeny; D011557:Pseudorabies / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000635:transmission / Q000821:virology*; D000069466:Red Meat / Q000821:virology; D013552:Swine; D013553:Swine Diseases / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000821:virology