title: Cardiac Disease Associated with Human Immunodeficiency Virus Infection.
abstract: Over the last 2 decades human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection has become a chronic disease requiring long-term management. Aging, antiretroviral therapy, chronic inflammation, and several other factors contribute to the increased risk of cardiovascular disease in patients infected with HIV. In low-income and middle-income countries where antiretroviral therapy access is limited, cardiac disease is most commonly related to opportunistic infections and end-stage manifestations of HIV/acquired immunodeficiency syndrome, including HIV-associated cardiomyopathy, pericarditis, and pulmonary arterial hypertension. Cardiovascular screening, prevention, and risk factor management are important factors in the management of patients infected with HIV worldwide.
authors.affiliation: Division of Cardiology, Duke Global Health Institute, Duke Clinical Research Institute, Duke University, 2400 Pratt Street, Durham, NC 27705, USA. Electronic address: gerald.bloomfield@duke.edu.
authors.forename: Gerald S
authors.initials: GS
authors.lastname: Bloomfield
authors.affiliation: Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, 420 East Superior Street, Chicago, IL 60611, USA.
authors.forename: Claudia
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Leung
mesh_terms: D002318:Cardiovascular Diseases / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000209:etiology; D014943:Global Health; D006678:HIV; D015658:HIV Infections / Q000150:complications* / Q000453:epidemiology; D006801:Humans; D015994:Incidence; D012307:Risk Factors
keywords: Cardiovascular diseases/epidemiology; Cardiovascular diseases/management; HIV infections/Complications; Human immunodeficiency virus