title: Factors associated to post-operative nausea and vomiting following oral and maxillofacial surgery: a prospective study.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  This study aims to address and assess possible factors associated with nausea and vomiting (NV) following oral and maxillofacial surgery.
  
  
  METHODS
  A prospective study was carried out in the period from December 2013 to January 2016 targeting all attended cases in that period. For statistical analysis, Pearson chi-square and Fisher tests were used to verify association and ANOVA and Student's t tests to test for significant difference, p was defined as ≤0.05. The sample group consisted of 207 patients with an average age of 33.56 years (±13.23), and 70.5% of subjects were male.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Calculations based on the predictive model showed that a female patient with prior history of nausea and vomiting who used opioids and had intra-oral surgical access would have a 96% chance of experiencing a nausea and vomiting episode. Other factors like age, being overweight, anesthesia, surgery duration, and duration of hospital stay also contribute so that these aspects must be paid careful attention prior to surgery to ensure a suitably orientated treatment that will avoid disturbances caused by post-operative nausea and vomiting.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The occurrence of post-operative nausea and vomiting after oral and maxillofacial surgery was found to be more higher incidence associated to female patients who used opioids, who had a prior history of NV, whose surgery involved intra-oral access, who were in the second or third decades of their lives, who have above average weight, and who have long anesthesia when undergoing surgery, resulting in a long hospital stays.
authors.affiliation: Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, University of Fortaleza-UNIFOR, Fortaleza, Brazil.|Federal University of Ceará-UFC, Fortaleza, Brazil.
authors.forename: Assis Filipe Medeiros
authors.initials: AF
authors.lastname: Albuquerque
authors.affiliation: Odontology in the Collective Health Program of Department of Dentistry, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte-UFRN, Caicó, Brazil.
authors.forename: Salomão Israel Monteiro Lourenço
authors.initials: SI
authors.lastname: Queiroz
authors.affiliation: Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Onofre Lopes University Hospital, Natal, Brazil.|Department of Dentistry, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte -UFRN, Av Senador Salgado Filho, 1757, Lagoa Nova, Natal, RN, 59056-000, Brazil.
authors.forename: Adriano Rocha
authors.initials: AR
authors.lastname: Germano
authors.affiliation: Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Onofre Lopes University Hospital, Natal, Brazil. jspsilva@gmail.com.|Department of Dentistry, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte -UFRN, Av Senador Salgado Filho, 1757, Lagoa Nova, Natal, RN, 59056-000, Brazil. jspsilva@gmail.com.
authors.forename: José Sandro Pereira
authors.initials: JS
authors.lastname: da Silva
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D015897:Comorbidity; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D019647:Oral Surgical Procedures; D020250:Postoperative Nausea and Vomiting / Q000209:etiology*; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012307:Risk Factors; D055815:Young Adult
keywords: Nausea; PONV; Post-operative complications; Post-operative nausea and vomiting