title: Diacylglycerol Kinases in T Cell Tolerance and Effector Function.
abstract: Diacylglycerol kinases (DGKs) are a family of enzymes that regulate the relative levels of diacylglycerol (DAG) and phosphatidic acid (PA) in cells by phosphorylating DAG to produce PA. Both DAG and PA are important second messengers cascading T cell receptor (TCR) signal by recruiting multiple effector molecules, such as RasGRP1, PKCθ, and mTOR. Studies have revealed important physiological functions of DGKs in the regulation of receptor signaling and the development and activation of immune cells. In this review, we will focus on recent progresses in our understanding of two DGK isoforms, α and ζ, in CD8 T effector and memory cell differentiation, regulatory T cell development and function, and invariant NKT cell development and effector lineage differentiation.
authors.affiliation: Division of Allergy and Immunology, Department of Pediatrics, Duke University Medical Center Durham, NC, USA.
authors.forename: Shelley S
authors.initials: SS
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.affiliation: Division of Allergy and Immunology, Department of Pediatrics, Duke University Medical CenterDurham, NC, USA; Institute of Biotherapy, School of Biotechnology, Southern Medical UniversityGuangzhou, China.
authors.forename: Zhiming
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Hu
authors.affiliation: Division of Allergy and Immunology, Department of Pediatrics, Duke University Medical CenterDurham, NC, USA; Department of Immunology, Duke University Medical CenterDurham, NC, USA; Hematologic Malignancies and Cellular Therapies Program, Duke Cancer Institute, Duke University Medical CenterDurham, NC, USA.
authors.forename: Xiao-Ping
authors.initials: XP
authors.lastname: Zhong
keywords: diacylglycerol kinase; invariant NKT cells; regulatory T cells