title: Toxicokinetics of titanium dioxide (TiO2) nanoparticles after inhalation in rats.
abstract: This study focused on the generation of aerosols of titanium dioxide (TiO2) nanoparticles (NPs) and their disposition kinetics in rats. Male Sprague-Dawley rats were exposed by inhalation to 15mg/m3of anatase TiO2NPs (∼20nm) during 6h. Rats were sacrificed at different time points over 14days following the onset of inhalation. Ti levels were quantified by ICP-MS in blood, tissues, and excreta. Oxidative damages were also monitored (MDA). Highest tissue levels of Ti were found in lungs; peak values were reached only at 48h followed by a progressive decrease over 14days, suggesting a persistence of NPs at the site-of-entry. Levels reached in blood, lymph nodes and other internal organs (including liver, kidney, spleen) were circa one order of magnitude lower than in lungs, but the profiles were indicative of a certain translocation to the systemic circulation. Large amounts were recovered in feces compared to urine, suggesting that inhaled NPs were eliminated mainly by mucociliary clearance and ingested. TiO2NPs also appeared to be partly transferred to olfactory bulbs and brain. MDA levels indicative of oxidative damage were significantly increased in lungs and blood at 24h but this was not clearly reflected at later times. Translocation and clearance rates of inhaled NPs under different realistic exposure conditions should be further documented.
authors.affiliation: Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, Chair in Toxicological Risk Assessment and Management, and University of Montreal Public Health Research Institute (IRSPUM), University of Montreal, Roger-Gaudry Building, U424, P.O. Box 6128, Main Station, Montreal, Quebec, H3C 3J7, Canada.
authors.forename: Igor
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Pujalté
authors.affiliation: Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, Chair in Toxicological Risk Assessment and Management, and University of Montreal Public Health Research Institute (IRSPUM), University of Montreal, Roger-Gaudry Building, U424, P.O. Box 6128, Main Station, Montreal, Quebec, H3C 3J7, Canada.
authors.forename: Denis
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Dieme
authors.affiliation: Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, Chair in Toxicological Risk Assessment and Management, and University of Montreal Public Health Research Institute (IRSPUM), University of Montreal, Roger-Gaudry Building, U424, P.O. Box 6128, Main Station, Montreal, Quebec, H3C 3J7, Canada.
authors.forename: Sami
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Haddad
authors.affiliation: Institute of Research of Hydro-Quebec (IREQ), 1800, Boul. Lionel-Boulet, Varennes, Québec, J3X 1S1, Canada.
authors.forename: Alessandra Maria
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Serventi
authors.affiliation: Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, Chair in Toxicological Risk Assessment and Management, and University of Montreal Public Health Research Institute (IRSPUM), University of Montreal, Roger-Gaudry Building, U424, P.O. Box 6128, Main Station, Montreal, Quebec, H3C 3J7, Canada. Electronic address: michele.bouchard@umontreal.ca.
authors.forename: Michèle
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Bouchard
mesh_terms: D000336:Aerosols; D000818:Animals; D005243:Feces / Q000737:chemistry; D019570:Inhalation Exposure / Q000009:adverse effects*; D008168:Lung / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism; D008297:Male; D053758:Nanoparticles / Q000737:chemistry / Q000633:toxicity*; D009830:Olfactory Bulb / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D009928:Organ Specificity; D018384:Oxidative Stress / Q000187:drug effects; D010316:Particle Size; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D013499:Surface Properties; D014018:Tissue Distribution; D014025:Titanium / Q000097:blood / Q000737:chemistry / Q000493:pharmacokinetics / Q000633:toxicity*; D066007:Toxicokinetics
chemical_list: D000336:Aerosols; C009495:titanium dioxide; D014025:Titanium
keywords: Inhalation; Rats; Titanium dioxide nanoparticles; Toxicokinetics