title: Screening for Triterpenoid Saponins in Plants Using Hyphenated Analytical Platforms.
abstract: Recently the number of studies investigating triterpenoid saponins has drastically increased due to their diverse and potentially attractive biological activities. Currently the literature contains chemical structures of few hundreds of triterpenoid saponins of plant and animal origin. Triterpenoid saponins consist of a triterpene aglycone with one or more sugar moieties attached to it. However, due to similar physico-chemical properties, isolation and identification of a large diversity of triterpenoid saponins remain challenging. This study demonstrates a methodology to screen saponins using hyphenated analytical platforms, GC-MS, LC-MS/MS, and LC-SPE-NMR/MS, in the example of two different phenotypes of the model plantBarbarea vulgaris(winter cress), glabrous (G) and pubescent (P) type that are known to differ by their insect resistance. The proposed methodology allows for detailed comparison of saponin profiles from intact plant extracts as well as saponin aglycone profiles from hydrolysed samples. Continuously measured 1D proton NMR data during LC separation along with mass spectrometry data revealed significant differences, including contents of saponins, types of aglycones and numbers of sugar moieties attached to the aglycone. A total of 49 peaks were tentatively identified as saponins from both plants; they are derived from eight types of aglycones and with 2-5 sugar moieties. Identification of two previously known insect-deterrent saponins, hederagenin cellobioside and oleanolic acid cellobioside, demonstrated the applicability of the methodology for relatively rapid screening of bioactive compounds.
authors.affiliation: Department of Food Science, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, Rolighedsvej 16, DK-1958 Frederiksberg C, Denmark. bzo@food.ku.dk.|Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, Rolighedsvej 16, DK-1958 Frederiksberg C, Denmark. bzo@food.ku.dk.
authors.forename: Bekzod
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Khakimov
authors.affiliation: Bruker BioSpin GmbH, 76287 Rheinstetten, Germany. lihong.tseng@bruker.com.
authors.forename: Li Hong
authors.initials: LH
authors.lastname: Tseng
authors.affiliation: Bruker BioSpin GmbH, 76287 Rheinstetten, Germany. Markus.Godejohann@bruker.com.
authors.forename: Markus
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Godejohann
authors.affiliation: Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, Rolighedsvej 16, DK-1958 Frederiksberg C, Denmark. bak@plen.ku.dk.
authors.forename: Søren
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Bak
authors.affiliation: Department of Food Science, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, Rolighedsvej 16, DK-1958 Frederiksberg C, Denmark. se@food.ku.dk.
authors.forename: Søren Balling
authors.initials: SB
authors.lastname: Engelsen
mesh_terms: D031216:Barbarea / Q000737:chemistry*; D002853:Chromatography, Liquid / Q000379:methods*; D008401:Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry / Q000379:methods*; D019906:Nuclear Magnetic Resonance, Biomolecular / Q000379:methods*; D009828:Oleanolic Acid / Q000031:analogs & derivatives / Q000737:chemistry; D018515:Plant Leaves / Q000737:chemistry; D012503:Saponins / Q000737:chemistry*; D014315:Triterpenes / Q000737:chemistry*
chemical_list: D012503:Saponins; D014315:Triterpenes; D009828:Oleanolic Acid; C025763:hederagenin
keywords: Barbarea vulgaris; GC-MS; LC-MS/MS; time slice LC-SPE-NMR/MS; triterpenoid saponins