title: Thermal sensitivity of growth indicates heritable variation in 1-year-old rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss).
abstract: Rainbow trout is an important aquaculture species, which has a worldwide distribution across various production environments. The diverse locations of trout farms involve remarkable variation in environmental factors such as water temperature, which is of major importance for the performance of fish. Thus, robust fish that could thrive under different and suboptimal thermal conditions is a desirable goal for trout breeding. Using a split-family experimental design (40 full-/half-sib groups) for a rainbow trout population derived from the Finnish national breeding program, we studied how two different rearing temperatures (14 and 20 °C) affect feed intake, growth rate and feed conversion ratio in 1-year-old fish. Furthermore, we quantified the additive genetic (co-)variation for daily growth coefficient (DGC) and its thermal sensitivity (TS), defined as the slope of the growth reaction norm between the two temperatures.
  
  
  
  The fish showed consistently lower feed intake, faster growth and better feed conversion ratio at the lower temperature. Heritability of TS of DGC was moderate ([Formula: see text]). The co-heritability parameter derived from selection index theory, which describes the heritable variance of TS, was negative when the intercept was placed at the lower temperature (-0.28). This resulted in moderate accuracy of selection. At the higher temperature, co-heritability of TS was positive (0.20). The genetic correlation between DGC and its TS was strongly negative (-0.64) when the intercept was at the lower temperature and positive (0.38) but not significantly different from zero at the higher temperature.
  
  
  
  The considerable amount of genetic variation in TS of growth indicates a potential for selection response and thus for targeted genetic improvement in TS. The negative genetic correlation between DGC and its TS suggests that selection for high growth rate at the lower temperature will result in more temperature-sensitive fish. Instead, the correlated response of TS is less pronounced if the selection for a higher DGC occurred at the higher temperature. It seems possible to control the correlated genetic change of TS while selecting for fast growth across environments, especially if measurements from both environments are available and breeding values for reaction norm slope are directly included in the selection index.
authors.affiliation: Biometrical Genetics, Natural Resources Institute Finland (Luke), Myllytie 1, 31600, Jokioinen, Finland. matti.janhunen@luke.fi.
authors.forename: Matti
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Janhunen
authors.affiliation: Aquaculture, Natural Resources Institute Finland (Luke), Survontie 9 A, 40500, Jyväskylä, Finland.
authors.forename: Juha
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Koskela
authors.affiliation: Research Institute for Aquaculture No. 3 (RIA-3), Nha Trang, Khanh Hoa, Vietnam.
authors.forename: Nguyễn Hữu
authors.initials: NH
authors.lastname: Ninh
authors.affiliation: Biometrical Genetics, Natural Resources Institute Finland (Luke), Myllytie 1, 31600, Jokioinen, Finland.
authors.forename: Harri
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Vehviläinen
authors.affiliation: Tervo Fish Farm, Natural Resources Institute Finland (Luke), Huuhtajantie 160, 72210, Tervo, Finland.
authors.forename: Heikki
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Koskinen
authors.affiliation: Tervo Fish Farm, Natural Resources Institute Finland (Luke), Huuhtajantie 160, 72210, Tervo, Finland.
authors.forename: Antti
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Nousiainen
authors.affiliation: Research Institute for Aquaculture No. 1 (RIA-1), Dinh Bang, Tu Son, Bac Ninh, Vietnam.
authors.forename: Ngô Phú
authors.initials: NP
authors.lastname: Thỏa
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D056726:Genetic Association Studies; D014644:Genetic Variation; D017686:Oncorhynchus mykiss / Q000235:genetics* / Q000254:growth & development*; D019655:Quantitative Trait, Heritable; D013696:Temperature; D013697:Thermosensing / Q000235:genetics*