title: Profile of glycated-hemoglobin, antioxidant vitamin and cytokine levels in pulmonary tuberculosis patients: A cross sectional study at Pulmonary Diseases Center Semarang City, Indonesia.
abstract: Uncontrolled blood glucose, which marked by high level of HbA1c, increases risk of pulmonary TB because of cellular immunity dysfunction. This study aimed to analyze profile of glycated hemoglobin, antioxidant vitamins status and cytokines levels in active pulmonary TB patients.
  
  
  
  This was a cross sectional study, conducted at Pulmonary Diseases Center Semarang City, Indonesia. Study subject consisted of 62 pulmonary TB patients, diagnosed with positive acid fast bacilli and chest X-ray. ELISA was used to measure IFN-γ and IL-12. Status of antioxidant vitamins was determined by concentration of vitamin A and E using HPLC. Blood glucose control was determined by HbA1c concentration (HbA1c ≥7% is considered as uncontrolled).
  
  
  
  A significant difference of age between pulmonary tuberculosis patients with normal and uncontrolled blood glucose (p = 0.000) was showed, while all other characteristics (sex, education, occupation) did not differ with p = 0.050, 0.280, 0.380 respectively. Mean HbA1c was 7.25 ± 2.70%. Prevalence of uncontrolled glucose among pulmonary TB patients was 29%. Levels of IFN-γ and IL-12 did not differ according to HbA1c concentration (p = 0.159 and p = 0.965 respectively). Pulmonary tuberculosis patients with uncontrolled blood glucose has higher vitamin E (p = 0.006), while vitamin A did not differ significantly (p = 0.478).
  
  
  
  This study supports the importance of performing diabetes screening among pulmonary TB patients. Further study needs to be done to determine the feasibility of TB-DM co-management.
authors.affiliation: Department of Epidemiology and Tropical Diseases, Faculty of Public Health, Diponegoro University, Indonesia. Electronic address: praba.ginandjar@live.undip.ac.id.
authors.forename: Praba
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Ginandjar
authors.affiliation: Department of Epidemiology and Tropical Diseases, Faculty of Public Health, Diponegoro University, Indonesia.
authors.forename: Lintang Dian
authors.initials: LD
authors.lastname: Saraswati
authors.affiliation: Department of Health Promotion, Faculty of Public Health, Diponegoro University, Indonesia; Tuberculosis Operational Research Group (TORG), Indonesia.
authors.forename: Bagoes
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Widjanarko
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D003583:Cytokinins / Q000097:blood*; D006442:Glycated Hemoglobin / Q000032:analysis*; D006801:Humans; D014397:Tuberculosis, Pulmonary / Q000097:blood*; D014801:Vitamin A / Q000097:blood*; D014810:Vitamin E / Q000097:blood*; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D003583:Cytokinins; D006442:Glycated Hemoglobin; D014801:Vitamin A; D014810:Vitamin E
keywords: HbA1c; Pulmonary tuberculosis; Vitamin A; Vitamin E