title: Exercise-induced cytokine changes in antigen stimulated whole-blood cultures compared to serum.
abstract: Strenuous exercise is followed by an elevation of many cytokines with inflammation regulating properties. Since most cytokines act at pico- or nanomolar concentrations many investigations failed to detect their concentrations in vivo. Hence, the aim of this study was to evaluate the significance of cytokine measurements (IL-1β, TNF-α, IL-1ra, IL-6, CCL2 and CXCL8) in a stimulated whole-blood culture (sWBC) compared to serum with respect to their exercise-induced kinetics and detection rates. 40 male volunteers (age: 25,5±4,3years, BMI: 24,00±2,24, VO2peak: 46,9±4,1mL/kg×min) performed 60min of intensive bicycle exercise (80% VO2peak). Blood samples were taken before and for up to 24h after exercise. All cytokines were determined by a multiplex ELISA. There were weak to moderate correlations between cytokines in sWBC and serum. While exercise did not affect pro-inflammatory cytokines in serum, in sWBC only IL-1β was increased 1.2-fold at 3h (p<0,05). All other cytokines increased both in sWBC and serum. The detection rate was superior in sWBC vs serum for most cytokines. Exercise-induced cytokine kinetics in sWBC do not reflect systemic changes. Both approaches provide a synergistic insight into inflammatory processes on the cytokine level.
authors.affiliation: Department of Sports Medicine, Justus-Liebig-University, Kugelberg 62, 35394 Gießen, Germany. Electronic address: christian.pilat@sport.uni-giessen.de.
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Pilat
authors.affiliation: Department of Sports Medicine, Justus-Liebig-University, Kugelberg 62, 35394 Gießen, Germany.
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Krüger
authors.affiliation: Department of Sports Medicine, Justus-Liebig-University, Kugelberg 62, 35394 Gießen, Germany.
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Frech
authors.affiliation: Department of Sports Medicine, Justus-Liebig-University, Kugelberg 62, 35394 Gießen, Germany.
authors.forename: F C
authors.initials: FC
authors.lastname: Mooren
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000941:Antigens / Q000276:immunology*; D001642:Bicycling; D001773:Blood Cells / Q000276:immunology* / Q000378:metabolism; D001774:Blood Chemical Analysis / Q000379:methods*; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D016207:Cytokines / Q000097:blood*; D004797:Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay; D015444:Exercise / Q000502:physiology*; D005434:Flow Cytometry; D006801:Humans; D018836:Inflammation Mediators / Q000097:blood*; D007700:Kinetics; D007958:Leukocyte Count; D008297:Male; D011446:Prospective Studies; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D044967:Serum / Q000276:immunology*; D013048:Specimen Handling / Q000379:methods*; D015854:Up-Regulation; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D000941:Antigens; D016207:Cytokines; D018836:Inflammation Mediators
keywords: Cytokines; Exercise; Inflammation; Whole-blood culture