title: Identifying profiles of service users in housing services and exploring their quality of life and care needs.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Housing services aim to support people with mental illness in their daily life and recovery. As the level of recovery differs between service users, the quality of life and care needs also might vary. However, the type and amount of care and support that service users receive do not always match their recovery. In order to improve the quality of care, this study aims to explore whether subgroups of service users exist based on three dimensions of recovery and to examine and compare the quality of life and care needs of the persons in these subgroups.
  
  
  METHODS
  Latent class analysis was performed with data from 263 service users of housing services in the Netherlands. Classes were based on three variables: personal recovery (Mental Health Recovery Measure), social recovery (Social Functioning Scale), and clinical recovery (Brief Symptom Inventory). Subsequently, the quality of life (MANSA) and care needs (CANSAS) of the different classes were analysed by the use of descriptive and inferential statistics.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Three classes could be distinguished. Class 1 (45%) comprised of people who score the highest of the three classes in terms of personal and social recovery and who experience the least number of symptoms. People in class 2 (44%) and class 3 (11%) score significantly lower on personal and social recovery, and they experience significantly more symptoms compared to class 1. The distinction between class 2 and 3 can be made on the significantly higher number of symptoms in class 3. All three classes differ significantly on quality of life and unmet needs.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The quality of life of service users of housing services needs improvement, as even persons in the best-recovered subgroup have a lower quality of life than the average population. Workers of housing services need to be aware of the recovery of a client and what his or her individual needs and goals are. Furthermore, better care (allocation) concerning mental and physical health and rehabilitation is needed. Care should be provided on all dimensions of recovery at the same time, therefore mental health care organisations should work together and integrate their services.
  
  
  BACKGROUND
  ISRCTN registry ISRCTN77355880 retrospectively registered 05/07/2013.
authors.affiliation: Department of Social and Behavioral Sciences, Tranzo Scientific Center for Care and Welfare, Tilburg University, PO Box 90153, 5000 LE, Tilburg, The Netherlands. n.a.bitter@tilburguniversity.edu.
authors.forename: Neis A
authors.identifier: http://orcid.org/0000-0002-2463-6527
authors.initials: NA
authors.lastname: Bitter
authors.affiliation: Department of Social and Behavioral Sciences, Tranzo Scientific Center for Care and Welfare, Tilburg University, PO Box 90153, 5000 LE, Tilburg, The Netherlands.|GGzE Centre for Mental Health Care, PO BOX 909, 5600 AX, Eindhoven, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Diana P K
authors.initials: DP
authors.lastname: Roeg
authors.affiliation: Department of Social and Behavioral Sciences, Tranzo Scientific Center for Care and Welfare, Tilburg University, PO Box 90153, 5000 LE, Tilburg, The Netherlands.|GGzE Centre for Mental Health Care, PO BOX 909, 5600 AX, Eindhoven, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Chijs
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: van Nieuwenhuizen
authors.affiliation: Department of Social and Behavioral Sciences, Tranzo Scientific Center for Care and Welfare, Tilburg University, PO Box 90153, 5000 LE, Tilburg, The Netherlands.|Phrenos Centre of Expertise, PO Box 1203, 3500 BE, Utrecht, The Netherlands.|Parnassia Group, Dijk en Duin Mental Health Centre, PO Box 305, 1900 AH, Castricum, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Jaap
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: van Weeghel
mesh_terms: D005260:Female; D006798:Housing; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D001523:Mental Disorders / Q000534:rehabilitation*; D008605:Mental Health Services / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D008875:Middle Aged; D020380:Needs Assessment / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D009426:Netherlands; D011788:Quality of Life
keywords: Care needs; Housing services; Quality of life; Recovery; Rehabilitation; Severe mental illness