title: Dysbiosis of fecal microbiota and high frequency ofCitrobacter, Klebsiellaspp., and Actinomycetes in patients with irritable bowel syndrome and gastroenteritis.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  This study was aimed to characterize putative differences of fecal microbiota between irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) and gastroenteritis patients and healthy controls.
  
  
  BACKGROUND
  New evidence proposed that gut microbiota has a deep effect on the balance between health and disease.
  
  
  METHODS
  The presence ofClostridium difficile,Campylobacterspp., Enterobacteriacea and Staphylococci were detected in the samples using selective and specific culture media. Microscopic examination of the samples was done to detect Actinomycetes, yeasts, Bifidobacteria,Fusobacteriumspp., as well as white blood cells, red blood cells, mucus and epithelial cells.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Results of this study showed relatively higher frequency ofCitrobacterspp.,Lactobacilli, andActinomycetes in the IBS patients. Elevated levels of WBC, RBC secretion, and increased amounts ofKlebsiella,Escherichia coliandCitrobacterspp. were characterized in the patients with gastroenteritis compared with the control group.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Depletion of gram positive cocci and gram negative bacilli also suggested dysbiosis of intestinal microbiota in these patients.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathobiology, School of Public Health, University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
authors.forename: Leila
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Ganji
authors.affiliation: Foodborne and Waterborne Diseases Research Center, Research Institute for Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Science, Tehran, Iran.; Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases Research Center, Research Institute for Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Science, Tehran, Iran.
authors.forename: Masoud
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Alebouyeh
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathobiology, School of Public Health, University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
authors.forename: Mohammad Hassan
authors.initials: MH
authors.lastname: Shirazi
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathobiology, School of Public Health, University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
authors.forename: Seyed Saeed
authors.initials: SS
authors.lastname: Eshraghi
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathobiology, School of Public Health, University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
authors.forename: Abbas
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Mirshafiey
authors.affiliation: Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
authors.forename: Naser
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Ebrahimi Daryani
authors.affiliation: Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases Research Center, Research Institute for Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Science, Tehran, Iran.
authors.forename: Mohammad Reza
authors.initials: MR
authors.lastname: Zali
keywords: Dysbiosis; Gastroenteritis; Irritable bowel syndrome