title: N-acetyl transferase 2/environmental factors and their association as a modulating risk factor for sporadic colon and rectal cancer.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The aim of this study was to evaluate the association between environmental factors and colon or rectal cancer after adjusting for N-acetyl transferase 2 (NAT2) phenotypes.
  
  
  METHODS
  Ninety-six patients with sporadic colon cancer, 54 with sporadic rectal cancer and 162 control subjects were genotyped for NAT2-T341C, G590A, G857A, A845C, and C481T using sequencing and PCR-RFLP analysis.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The risk for colon cancer was increased in carriers of the homozygous negative genotypes for NAT2*5C-T341C, NAT2*6B-G590A, NAT2*7B-G857A, NAT2*18-A845C, and NAT2*5A-C481T. The risk for rectal cancer was increased in carriers of the homozygous negative genotypes for NAT2*5C-T341C, NAT2*7B-G857A, and NAT2*5A-C481T. High fried red meat intake associated with NAT2-T341C, G590A, G857A, A845C, and C481T rapid acetylator allele determines a risk of 2.39 (P=.002), 2.39 (P=.002), 2.37 (P=.002), 2.28 (P=.004), and 2.51 (P=.001), respectively, for colon cancer, whereas in the case of rectal cancer, the risk increased to 7.55 (P<.001), 7.7 (P<.001), 7.83 (P<.001), 7.51 (P<.001), and 8.62 (P<.001), respectively. Alcohol consumption associated with the NAT2 -T341C, G590A, G857A, A845C, and C481T rapid acetylator allele induces a risk of 10.63 (P<.001), 12.04 (P<.001), 9.76 (P<.001), 10.25 (P<.001), and 9.54 (P<.001), respectively, for colon cancer, whereas the risk for rectal cancer is 9.72 (P<.001), 11.24 (P<.001), 13.07 (P<.001), 10.04 (P<.001), and 9.43 (P<.001), respectively. Smokers with NAT2-T341C, G590A, G857A, A845C, and C481T rapid acetylator allele have a risk of 4.87, 4.25, 4.18, 3.81, and 3.82, respectively, to develop colon cancer.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Fried red meat, alcohol, and smoking increase the risk of sporadic CRC, especially of colon cancer, in the case of rapid acetylators for the NAT2 variants.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medical Biochemistry, "Iuliu Hatieganu" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Cluj-Napoca, Romania.
authors.forename: Lucia M
authors.initials: LM
authors.lastname: Procopciuc
authors.affiliation: Multi Organ Transplant Center, King Fahad Specialist Hospital, Dammam, Saudi Arabia.
authors.forename: Gelu
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Osian
authors.affiliation: Department of Medical Informatics and Biostatistics, "Iuliu Hatieganu" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Cluj-Napoca, Romania.
authors.forename: Mihaela
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Iancu
mesh_terms: D000428:Alcohol Drinking; D001191:Arylamine N-Acetyltransferase / Q000235:genetics*; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D003110:Colonic Neoplasms / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000235:genetics; D003296:Cooking; D005247:Feeding Behavior; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008460:Meat; D008875:Middle Aged; D012004:Rectal Neoplasms / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000235:genetics; D012307:Risk Factors; D012907:Smoking
chemical_list: D001191:Arylamine N-Acetyltransferase; C478900:NAT2 protein, human
keywords: NAT2 rapid acetylators; alcohol consumption; fried red meat intake; genetic analysis; smoking behavior