title: T lymphocyte immunophenotypes in the cerebrospinal fluid of dogs with visceral leishmaniasis.
abstract: Visceral leishmaniasis (VL) is a disease causing several clinical manifestations in dogs, including neurological disorders. Nevertheless, there are few studies related to the evaluation of the brain alterations during VL. Evidences of the involvement of cerebral barriers in infected dogs was reported, including the presence of brain inflammatory infiltrate, with a predominance of CD3+ T cells. Therefore, the aim of this study was to determine the immunophenotypes of T lymphocytes in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), as well as in peripheral blood, and to correlate with brain alterations in dogs with VL. We detected elevated percentages of double negative (DN) and double positive (DP) T cells in the CSF, with a predominance of TCRαb. In the histopathological analysis, we observed a predominance of lymphoplasmacytic infiltrate, mainly in leptomeninges, ranging from mild to intense, and we observed a positive correlation between the intensity of inflammation in the subependymal area and the DN T cells of the CSF. Thus, the DN T cells seem be acting as villains of the immune system through pro-inflammatory mechanisms. Further, the proportion of the different population of CSF T cells did not differ from those observed in the blood, which provides us with more evidence of blood-CSF barrier breakdown. Together, the results provide more explanation to the inflammation observed in the brain of dogs with VL, which the DN T cells contribute to the origin and progression of the neurological disease. This study provides insight into the immunophenotypes of T lymphocytes in the CSF during canine visceral leishmaniasis.
authors.affiliation: Laboratório de Patologia Aplicada (LApap), College of Veterinary Medicine, UNES-Univ Estadual Paulista, Rua Clóvis Pestana, 793 Araçatuba/SP, CEP: 16050-680, Brazil.
authors.forename: Fernanda G
authors.initials: FG
authors.lastname: Grano
authors.affiliation: Laboratório de Patologia Aplicada (LApap), College of Veterinary Medicine, UNES-Univ Estadual Paulista, Rua Clóvis Pestana, 793 Araçatuba/SP, CEP: 16050-680, Brazil.
authors.forename: José Eduardo Dos S
authors.initials: JE
authors.lastname: Silva
authors.affiliation: Laboratoire des Processus Infectieux à Trypanosomatidés, Département Infection et Epidemiologie, Institut Pasteur, 25-28 Rue du Dr Roux, 75724 Paris Cedex 15, France.
authors.forename: Guilherme D
authors.initials: GD
authors.lastname: Melo
authors.affiliation: College of Veterinary Medicine, UNESP-Univ Estadual Paulista, Rua Clóvis Pestana, 793 Araçatuba/SP, CEP: 16050-680, Brazil.
authors.forename: Juliana
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Perosso
authors.affiliation: College of Veterinary Medicine, UNESP-Univ Estadual Paulista, Rua Clóvis Pestana, 793 Araçatuba/SP, CEP: 16050-680, Brazil.
authors.forename: Valéria M F
authors.initials: VM
authors.lastname: Lima
authors.affiliation: Laboratório de Patologia Aplicada (LApap), College of Veterinary Medicine, UNES-Univ Estadual Paulista, Rua Clóvis Pestana, 793 Araçatuba/SP, CEP: 16050-680, Brazil. Electronic address: giselem@fmva.unesp.br.
authors.forename: Gisele F
authors.initials: GF
authors.lastname: Machado
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001921:Brain / Q000276:immunology / Q000469:parasitology / Q000503:physiopathology; D002555:Cerebrospinal Fluid / Q000166:cytology* / Q000276:immunology; D004283:Dog Diseases / Q000097:blood / Q000134:cerebrospinal fluid* / Q000276:immunology*; D004285:Dogs; D016130:Immunophenotyping; D007891:Leishmania / Q000276:immunology; D007898:Leishmaniasis, Visceral / Q000097:blood / Q000134:cerebrospinal fluid / Q000276:immunology / Q000662:veterinary*; D013601:T-Lymphocytes / Q000166:cytology / Q000276:immunology*
keywords: Central nervous system; Inflammation; Leishmania; T-lymphocyte subsets