title: Tocotrienols, health and ageing: A systematic review.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  A systematic review of studies was undertaken to evaluate the potential effect of intake of tocotrienols or circulating levels of tocotrienols on parameters associated with successful ageing, specifically in relation to cognitive function, osteoporosis and DNA damage.
  
  
  METHODS
  Following PRISMA guidelines a systematic review of epidemiological observational studies and clinical trials was undertaken. Inclusion criteria included all English language publications in the databases PubMed and Scopus, through to the end of July 2016.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Evidence from prospective and case-control studies suggested that increased blood levels of tocotrienols were associated with favorable cognitive function outcomes. A clinical trial of tocotrienol supplementation for 6 months suggested a beneficial effect of intake on DNA damage rates, but only in elderly people. Regarding osteoporosis, only in vitro studies with cultures of human bone cells were identified, and these demonstrated significant inhibition of osteoclast activity and promotion of osteoblast activity.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Research in middle-aged and elderly humans suggests that tocotrienols have a potential beneficial anti-ageing action with respect to cognitive impairment and DNA damage. Clinical trials are required to elucidate these effects.
authors.affiliation: Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, School of Health Science and Education, Harokopio University, Athens, Greece; University of Canberra, Faculty of Health, Canberra, Australia.
authors.forename: Ekavi N
authors.initials: EN
authors.lastname: Georgousopoulou
authors.affiliation: Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, School of Health Science and Education, Harokopio University, Athens, Greece. Electronic address: d.b.panagiotakos@usa.net.
authors.forename: Demosthenes B
authors.initials: DB
authors.lastname: Panagiotakos
authors.affiliation: University of Canberra, Faculty of Health, Canberra, Australia.
authors.forename: Duane D
authors.initials: DD
authors.lastname: Mellor
authors.affiliation: University of Canberra, Faculty of Health, Canberra, Australia.
authors.forename: Nenad
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Naumovski
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000375:Aging; D001842:Bone and Bones / Q000187:drug effects*; D003071:Cognition / Q000187:drug effects*; D003072:Cognition Disorders / Q000188:drug therapy*; D019587:Dietary Supplements; D006801:Humans; D010006:Osteoblasts / Q000187:drug effects; D010010:Osteoclasts / Q000187:drug effects; D010024:Osteoporosis / Q000188:drug therapy*; D011446:Prospective Studies; D024508:Tocotrienols / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000097:blood* / Q000627:therapeutic use
chemical_list: D024508:Tocotrienols
keywords: Ageing; Cognitive function; Osteoporosis; Systematic review; Tocotrienols