title: From niche to stigma-Headshops to prison: Exploring the rise and fall of synthetic cannabinoid use among young adults.
abstract: The aim of this paper will be to consider the rise and subsequent fall in NPS use at national and local level with a focus on synthetic cannabinoid products in Kent. We will examine the local practice and policy responses by Kent's Young Persons' Drug and Alcohol Service towards a possible change in patterns of NPS drug consumption. The county has seen an expansion in the number of Headshops and we present local media coverage on NPS, and the Trading Standards and Kent Police intervention Operation Lantern to regulate Headshops. Through quantitative and qualitative data sets on socially vulnerable young people and prison populations we explore young adults' perception of pleasure and harm in the use of NPS. Emergent data suggests young adults are now assessing the differences between NPS and more traditional illicit drugs, with this impacting on decision-making about the substances being used. When 'legal highs' first appeared they were associated with a more niche middle class demographic, 'psychonauts' and experimental users interested in pursuing recreational drug diversity. We examine macro and micro data to suggest that populations most likely to become involved in NPS use are those with degrees of stigma linked to socially vulnerable young adults suggesting that Spice is no longer a feature of middle class recreational drug use.
authors.affiliation: School of Media, Art and Design, Canterbury Christ Church University, Kent CT1 1QU, UK. Electronic address: Shane.blackman@canterbury.ac.uk.
authors.forename: Shane
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Blackman
authors.affiliation: Addaction Ltd, 67-69 Cowcross Street, EC1M 6PU London, UK.
authors.forename: Rick
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Bradley
mesh_terms: D002186:Cannabinoids / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000009:adverse effects; D003132:Commerce / Q000331:legislation & jurisprudence / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D015198:Designer Drugs / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects; D004739:England / Q000453:epidemiology; D006291:Health Policy; D006801:Humans; D013287:Illicit Drugs; D011330:Prisons; D011619:Psychotropic Drugs / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000009:adverse effects; D012923:Social Class; D057545:Social Stigma; D019966:Substance-Related Disorders / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000523:psychology; D035862:Vulnerable Populations / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D002186:Cannabinoids; D015198:Designer Drugs; D013287:Illicit Drugs; D011619:Psychotropic Drugs
keywords: Ethnography; Headshops; Legal highs; NPS; Prison; Stigma; Young people