title: Defluviitalea raffinosedens sp. nov., a thermophilic, anaerobic, saccharolytic bacterium isolated from an anaerobic batch digester treating animal manure and rice straw.
abstract: A thermophilic, anaerobic, fermentative bacterium, strain A6T, was obtained from an anaerobic batch digester treating animal manure and rice straw. Cells were Gram-stain-positive, slightly curved rods with a size of 0.6-1×2.5-8.2 µm, non-motile and produced terminal spores. The temperature, pH and NaCl concentration ranges for growth were 40-60 °C, 6.5-8.0 and 0-15.0 g l-1, with optimum growth noted at 50-55 °C, pH 7.5 and in the absence of NaCl, respectively. Yeast extract was required for growth. d-Glucose, maltose, d-xylose, d-galactose, d-fructose, d-ribose, lactose, raffinose, sucrose, d-arabinose, cellobiose, d-mannose and yeast extract were used as carbon and energy sources. The fermentation products from glucose were ethanol, lactate, acetate, propionate, butyrate, valerate, iso-butyrate, iso-valerate, H2 and CO2. The G+C content of the genomic DNA was 36.6 mol%. The predominant fatty acids were C16 : 0, iso-C17 : 1, C14 : 0, C16 : 1ω7c, C16 : 0 N-alcohol and C13 : 0 3-OH. Respiratory quinones were not detected. The polar lipid profile comprised phosphoglycolipids, phospholipids, glycolipids, a diphosphatidylglycerol, a phosphatidylglycerol and an unidentified lipid. Phylogenetic analyses of the 16S rRNA gene sequence indicated that the strain was closely related to Defluviitalea saccharophila DSM 22681T with a similarity of 96.0 %. Based on the morphological, physiological and taxonomic characterization, strain A6T is considered to represent a novel species of the genus Defluviitalea, for which the name Defluviitalea raffinosedens sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is A6T (=DSM 28090T=ACCC 19951T).
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of Energy Microbiology and Application, Ministry of Agriculture, Chengdu, Sichuan, P.R. China.|Present address: Biogas Institute of Ministry of Agriculture, Section 4-13, Renmin Nan Road, Chengdu 610041, Sichuan, P.R. China.|Biogas Institute of Ministry of Agriculture, Chengdu, Sichuan, P.R. China.
authors.forename: Shichun
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Ma
authors.affiliation: Biogas Institute of Ministry of Agriculture, Chengdu, Sichuan, P.R. China.|Key Laboratory of Energy Microbiology and Application, Ministry of Agriculture, Chengdu, Sichuan, P.R. China.
authors.forename: Yan
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Huang
authors.affiliation: Biogas Institute of Ministry of Agriculture, Chengdu, Sichuan, P.R. China.|College of Light Industry, Textile and Food Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, P.R. China.|Present address: College of Light Industry, Textile and Food Engineering, Sichuan University, No.24 South Section 1, Yihuan Road, Chengdu 610065, Sichuan, P.R. China.
authors.forename: Cong
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: Biogas Institute of Ministry of Agriculture, Chengdu, Sichuan, P.R. China.|Key Laboratory of Energy Microbiology and Application, Ministry of Agriculture, Chengdu, Sichuan, P.R. China.
authors.forename: Hui
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Fan
authors.affiliation: Biogas Institute of Ministry of Agriculture, Chengdu, Sichuan, P.R. China.|Key Laboratory of Energy Microbiology and Application, Ministry of Agriculture, Chengdu, Sichuan, P.R. China.
authors.forename: Lirong
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Dai
authors.affiliation: Biogas Institute of Ministry of Agriculture, Chengdu, Sichuan, P.R. China.|Key Laboratory of Energy Microbiology and Application, Ministry of Agriculture, Chengdu, Sichuan, P.R. China.
authors.forename: Zheng
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Zhou
authors.affiliation: Biogas Institute of Ministry of Agriculture, Chengdu, Sichuan, P.R. China.|Key Laboratory of Energy Microbiology and Application, Ministry of Agriculture, Chengdu, Sichuan, P.R. China.
authors.forename: Xing
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of Energy Microbiology and Application, Ministry of Agriculture, Chengdu, Sichuan, P.R. China.|Biogas Institute of Ministry of Agriculture, Chengdu, Sichuan, P.R. China.
authors.forename: Yu
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Deng
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001421:Bacteria, Anaerobic / Q000145:classification / Q000235:genetics / Q000302:isolation & purification; D015373:Bacterial Typing Techniques; D001482:Base Composition; D004269:DNA, Bacterial / Q000235:genetics; D005227:Fatty Acids / Q000737:chemistry; D005285:Fermentation; D006094:Gram-Positive Bacteria / Q000145:classification* / Q000235:genetics / Q000302:isolation & purification; D008372:Manure / Q000382:microbiology*; D012275:Oryza / Q000382:microbiology*; D010743:Phospholipids / Q000032:analysis; D010802:Phylogeny; D012336:RNA, Ribosomal, 16S / Q000235:genetics; D017422:Sequence Analysis, DNA
chemical_list: D004269:DNA, Bacterial; D005227:Fatty Acids; D008372:Manure; D010743:Phospholipids; D012336:RNA, Ribosomal, 16S