title: Noise dosimetry for tactical environments.
abstract: Noise exposure and the subsequent hearing loss are well documented aspects of military life. Numerous studies have indicated high rates of noise-induced hearing injury (NIHI) in active-duty service men and women, and recent statistics from the U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs indicate a population of veterans with hearing loss that is growing at an increasing rate. In an effort to minimize hearing loss, the U.S. Department of Defense (DoD) updated its Hearing Conservation Program in 2010, and also has recently revised the DoD Design Criteria Standard Noise Limits (MIL-STD-1474E) which defines allowable noise levels in the design of all military acquisitions including weapons and vehicles. Even with such mandates, it remains a challenge to accurately quantify the noise exposure experienced by a Warfighter over the course of a mission or training exercise, or even in a standard work day. Noise dosimeters are intended for exactly this purpose, but variations in device placement (e.g., free-field, on-body, in/near-ear), hardware (e.g., microphone, analog-to-digital converter), measurement time (e.g., work day, 24-h), and dose metric calculations (e.g., time-weighted energy, peak levels, Auditory Risk Units), as well as noise types (e.g., continuous, intermittent, impulsive) can cause exposure measurements to be incomplete, inaccurate, or inappropriate for a given situation. This paper describes the design of a noise dosimeter capable of acquiring exposure data across tactical environments. Two generations of prototypes have been built at MIT Lincoln Laboratory with funding from the U.S. Army, Navy, and Marine Corps. Details related to hardware, signal processing, and testing efforts are provided, along with example tactical military noise data and lessons learned from early fieldings. Finally, we discuss the continued need to prioritize personalized dosimetry in order to improve models that predict or characterize the risk of auditory damage, to integrate dosimeters with hearing-protection devices, and to inform strategies and metrics for reducing NIHI.
authors.affiliation: MIT Lincoln Laboratory, 244 Wood St., Lexington, MA 02420, USA. Electronic address: Christopher.Smalt@ll.mit.edu.
authors.forename: Christopher J
authors.initials: CJ
authors.lastname: Smalt
authors.affiliation: MIT Lincoln Laboratory, 244 Wood St., Lexington, MA 02420, USA.
authors.forename: Joe
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Lacirignola
authors.affiliation: MIT Lincoln Laboratory, 244 Wood St., Lexington, MA 02420, USA.
authors.forename: Shakti K
authors.initials: SK
authors.lastname: Davis
authors.affiliation: MIT Lincoln Laboratory, 244 Wood St., Lexington, MA 02420, USA.
authors.forename: Paul T
authors.initials: PT
authors.lastname: Calamia
authors.affiliation: MIT Lincoln Laboratory, 244 Wood St., Lexington, MA 02420, USA.
authors.forename: Paula P
authors.initials: PP
authors.lastname: Collins
mesh_terms: D000162:Acoustics / Q000295:instrumentation*; D004784:Environmental Monitoring / Q000295:instrumentation* / Q000379:methods; D004867:Equipment Design; D005260:Female; D006309:Hearing; D006317:Hearing Loss, Noise-Induced / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000209:etiology / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000517:prevention & control*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008889:Military Personnel; D009623:Noise, Occupational / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000517:prevention & control*; D009784:Occupational Diseases / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000209:etiology / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000517:prevention & control*; D016273:Occupational Exposure / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000517:prevention & control*; D011237:Predictive Value of Tests; D065840:Protective Factors; D012307:Risk Factors; D013018:Sound Spectrography; D013997:Time Factors
keywords: Auditory risk; Hearing loss; Noise dosimetry; Noise exposure; Noise-induced hearing injury