title: Patterns of Waterpipe Tobacco Smoking Among U.S. Young Adults, 2013-2014.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Patterns of waterpipe smoking and associated other tobacco use were assessed among U.S. young adults (aged 18-24 years).
  
  
  METHODS
  A descriptive analysis of baseline data (2013-2014) from the Population Assessment of Tobacco and Health Study was conducted in 2016.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The study included 9,119 young adults-44% ever and 11% past-30 day waterpipe smokers (12% of men and 9% of women were past-30 day smokers). Among past-30 day smokers, waterpipe smoking frequency was distributed as follows: 4% daily, 23% weekly, 36% monthly, and 37% less than monthly. The average session exceeded 30 minutes for 79% of respondents. In this age group, 29% were exclusive waterpipe smokers, 16% were dual (waterpipe/cigarette) smokers, 8% were dual (waterpipe/e-cigarette) users, 19% were waterpipe/cigarette/e-cigarette users, and 28% presented with other combinations of poly use.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Waterpipe smoking is widespread among U.S. young adults. Although waterpipe patterns are predominantly intermittent, the average smoking session provides prolonged exposure. Waterpipe smoking among young adults is primarily characterized by the use of flavored tobacco, the café culture, and poly tobacco use. Rising trends in waterpipe smoking among U.S. youth warrant a strong regulatory response to prevent future waterpipe-related morbidity and mortality.
authors.affiliation: Department of Health Outcomes and Policy, and Institute for Child Health Policy, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida. Electronic address: rsalloum@ufl.edu.
authors.forename: Ramzi G
authors.initials: RG
authors.lastname: Salloum
authors.affiliation: Department of Health Promotion, Education, and Behavior, Arnold School of Public Health, University of South Carolina, Columbia, South Carolina.
authors.forename: James F
authors.initials: JF
authors.lastname: Thrasher
authors.affiliation: Department of Health Outcomes and Policy, and Institute for Child Health Policy, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida.
authors.forename: Kayla R
authors.initials: KR
authors.lastname: Getz
authors.affiliation: Department of Epidemiology, College of Public Health and Health Professions and College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida.
authors.forename: Tracey E
authors.initials: TE
authors.lastname: Barnett
authors.affiliation: Department of Public Health Sciences, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, Florida.
authors.forename: Taghrid
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Asfar
authors.affiliation: Department of Epidemiology, Stempel College of Public Health and Social Work, Florida International University, Miami, Florida.
authors.forename: Wasim
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Maziak
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D014481:United States / Q000453:epidemiology; D000073867:Water Pipe Smoking / Q000453:epidemiology*; D055815:Young Adult