title: Do developmental milestones at 4, 8, 12 and 24 months predict IQ at 5-6 years old? Results of the EDEN mother-child cohort.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The present study aims: (i) to determine how well developmental milestones at 4, 8, 12 and 24 months may predict IQ at 5-6 years old, (ii) to identify cognitive domains during the first two years that best predict later IQ and (iii) to determine whether children with IQ in the normal range at 5-6 years old may differ from disabled (IQ < 70) and gifted children (IQ > 130) with regard to their early cognitive development.
  
  
  METHODS
  The main developmental milestones were collected through self-administered questionnaires rated by parents at 4, 8, 12 and 24 months and through parental questionnaires administered by a trained interviewer and questionnaires completed following a medical examination at 12 months. These questionnaires were derived from the Brunet-Lézine Psychomotor Development Scale and they addressed several cognitive domains (gross and fine motor skills, language and socialization).
  
  
  RESULTS
  (i) Developmental milestones predict a substantial part of the later IQ variance from 24 months (R2∼ 20%). (ii) Early language skills more strongly predict later IQ than the other cognitive domains. (iii) Several cognitive domains, but particularly language skills, predict disabled children at 5-6 years old (from the age of 8 months) and gifted children (from the age of 12 months).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The present study provides valuable information for early developmental assessment and could contribute to a better understanding of intellectual development.
authors.affiliation: Laboratoire de Sciences Cognitives et Psycholinguistique (ENS, EHESS, CNRS), Ecole Normale Supérieure, PSL Research University, Paris, France; Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Robert Debré Hospital, APHP, Paris, France. Electronic address: peyrehugo@yahoo.fr.
authors.forename: Hugo
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Peyre
authors.affiliation: INSERM UMR 1153, Obstretrical, Perinatal and Pediatric Epidemiology Research Team (Epopé), Center for Epidemiology and Statistics Sorbonne Paris Cité, DHU Risks in Pregnancy, Paris Descartes University, Hôpital Tenon, 4 Rue de la Chine, F-75020 Paris, France; UCLille, F-59000 Lille, France; Service de Néonatologie, Hôpital Saint Vincent de Paul, Groupement des Hôpitaux de l'Institut Catholique Lillois/Faculté de Médecine et Maïeutique, F-59000 Lille, France.
authors.forename: Marie-Laure
authors.initials: ML
authors.lastname: Charkaluk
authors.affiliation: INSERM UMR 1153, Epidemiology and Biostatistics Sorbonne Paris Cité Center (CRESS), Developmental Origins of Health and Disease (ORCHAD) Team, Paris Descartes University, F-94807 Villejuif, France.
authors.forename: Anne
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Forhan
authors.affiliation: INSERM UMR 1153, Epidemiology and Biostatistics Sorbonne Paris Cité Center (CRESS), Developmental Origins of Health and Disease (ORCHAD) Team, Paris Descartes University, F-94807 Villejuif, France.
authors.forename: Barbara
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Heude
authors.affiliation: Laboratoire de Sciences Cognitives et Psycholinguistique (ENS, EHESS, CNRS), Ecole Normale Supérieure, PSL Research University, Paris, France.
authors.forename: Franck
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Ramus
mesh_terms: D000375:Aging / Q000523:psychology; D002648:Child; D002657:Child Development; D002672:Child, Gifted / Q000523:psychology*; D002675:Child, Preschool; D015331:Cohort Studies; D019988:Children with Disabilities / Q000523:psychology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D007360:Intelligence; D007361:Intelligence Tests; D008297:Male; D010290:Parents; D012016:Reference Values; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires
keywords: Cognitive development; Developmental milestones; Giftedness; IQ; Intellectual disability; Intelligence