title: Field evaluation of 3-hydroxy-2-hexanone and ethanol as attractants for the cerambycid beetle pest of vineyards, Xylotrechus arvicola.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The beetle Xylotrechus arvicola (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae) is a serious pest of vineyards in the Iberian Peninsula. In previous work, the male beetles, but not females, were shown to produce (R)-3-hydroxy-2-hexanone, and female beetles were attracted to this compound in a laboratory bioassay. In this study, release rates of 3-hydroxy-2-hexanone from different dispensers were measured in the laboratory, and the attractiveness of these to X. arvicola adults was determined in trapping tests in three traditional wine-growing regions in Spain.
  
  
  RESULTS
  As a result of laboratory experiments, for field experiments 3-hydroxy-2-hexanone was formulated as 100 μL in a polyethylene sachet (50 mm × 50 mm × 250 µm), and ethanol was formulated as 1 mL in a polyethylene press-seal bag (76 mm × 57 mm ×50 µm). Field catches were similar at all three study sites. Catches in traps baited with 3-hydroxy-2-hexanone alone were not significantly different from those in unbaited control traps, but catches in traps baited with 3-hydroxy-2-hexanone and ethanol in separate sachets, with 3-hydroxy-2-hexanone and ethanol in the same sachet or with ethanol alone were significantly greater than those in control traps. These results confirm that the beetles are attracted to ethanol, and the addition of 3-hydroxy-2-hexanone does not seem to make any difference.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Attraction of females for the male-produced compound (R)-3-hydroxy-2-hexanone has been observed in laboratory but not in field experiments. Traps baited with ethanol are highly attractive to both sexes of adults of X. arvicola, and these can be used for improved monitoring of the adult emergence and for population control by mass trapping. © 2016 Society of Chemical Industry.
authors.affiliation: Department of Engineering and Agricultural Sciences, Environment Institute Natural Resources and Biodiversity, University of León, León, Spain.
authors.forename: Álvaro
authors.initials: Á
authors.lastname: Rodríguez-González
authors.affiliation: Company Esteban Sanchez Maillo, Corbeta 10, Zamora, Spain.
authors.forename: Esteban
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Sánchez-Maíllo
authors.affiliation: Freelance, Vicente Aleixandre 24, Valladolid, Spain.
authors.forename: Horacio J
authors.initials: HJ
authors.lastname: Peláez
authors.affiliation: Plant Protection Department, Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Tecnología Agraria y Alimentaria (INIA), Carretera de La Coruña, Madrid, Spain.
authors.forename: Manuel
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: González-Núñez
authors.affiliation: Natural Resources Institute, University of Greenwich, Chatham Maritime, Kent, UK.
authors.forename: David R
authors.initials: DR
authors.lastname: Hall
authors.affiliation: Department of Engineering and Agricultural Sciences, Environment Institute Natural Resources and Biodiversity, University of León, León, Spain.
authors.forename: Pedro A
authors.initials: PA
authors.lastname: Casquero
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001681:Biological Assay; D001517:Coleoptera / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000502:physiology; D000431:Ethanol / Q000494:pharmacology*; D005260:Female; D006588:Hexanones / Q000494:pharmacology*; D007300:Insect Control; D008297:Male; D012724:Sex Attractants / Q000494:pharmacology*; D027843:Vitis / Q000254:growth & development
chemical_list: C092072:3-hydroxy-2-hexanone; D006588:Hexanones; D012724:Sex Attractants; D000431:Ethanol
keywords: (R)-3-hydroxy-2-hexanone; Cerambycidae; Xylotrechus arvicola; ethanol; monitoring; panel traps