title: Quantifying Differences in Health Care Consumption for the Management of Multiple Sclerosis Within Privately and Publicly Insured Health Care Programs.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic and debilitating disease of the central nervous system that affects more than 570,000 persons in the United States and 2.3 million worldwide. Since most individuals experience initial symptoms between the ages of 20 and 40 years, MS can have a significant effect on health care consumption, quality of life, productivity, and employment over the long-term disease course. Opportunities exist to better understand how benefit design and other nonclinical factors can affect health care delivery and associated costs.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To observe and report variances in health care consumed for the treatment of MS in patients enrolled in privately (commercial) and publicly (Medicaid) funded health insurance programs.
  
  
  METHODS
  In a retrospective analysis using Havas Gemini's proprietary MS Benchmarks Disease-Modeling Process and IMS LifeLink Health Plan Claims and Longitudinal Prescriptions databases, integrated medical and pharmacy claims data were analyzed to select patients with a diagnosis of MS during the 2012 calendar year. Comorbidities were determined using ICD-9-CM codes present on medical claims. Prescription drug use was evaluated by pharmacy claims and drug-specific billing codes.
  
  
  RESULTS
  19,984 patients with MS were identified-18,269 from commercial payers and 1,715 from Medicaid. Although total annual costs related to the care of MS for the groups reflected a relatively small difference ($31,107 commercial; $33,344 Medicaid), costs associated with specific service categories varied greatly. Pharmacy costs were considerably less in the Medicaid group; however, inpatient and emergency room costs were as much as 5 times higher. Overall use of disease-modifying treatments (DMTs) in the Medicaid group was seen in 32.5% of patients and 52.1% in the commercial patient group. Thus, lower pharmacy costs in the Medicaid group were possibly related to lesser use of DMTs among that group of patients.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This analysis illustrates that notable variances exist in consumption of health care resources between patients enrolled in privately and publicly funded health care programs. These variances may have additional implications relating to outcomes specific to MS.
  
  
  BACKGROUND
  Funding for this study was contributed by Biogen. The preparation, writing, revision, and approval of this manuscript were conducted in collaboration with Pill, who is employed by Havas Gemini. Livingston, Fay, and Wells are employed by and own stock in Biogen. Iyer was employed with Biogen at the time of the study. Study concept and design were contributed by Livingston, Fay, and Iyer, along with Pill and Wells. Livingston, Fay, and Pill collected the data, along with Iyer and Wells. Data interpretation was performed by Livingston, Fay, and Iyer, along with Pill and Wells. The manuscript was written by Livingston, Fay, and Wells, along with Pill and Iyer, and revised by Fay, Wells, and Pill, along with Livingston and Iyer.
authors.affiliation: 1 Biogen, Weston, Massachusetts.
authors.forename: Terrie
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Livingston
authors.affiliation: 1 Biogen, Weston, Massachusetts.
authors.forename: Monica
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Fay
authors.affiliation: 1 Biogen, Weston, Massachusetts.
authors.forename: Ravi
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Iyer
authors.affiliation: 1 Biogen, Weston, Massachusetts.
authors.forename: Wendy
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Wells
authors.affiliation: 2 Havas Gemini, New York, New York.
authors.forename: Michael W
authors.initials: MW
authors.lastname: Pill
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D003695:Delivery of Health Care / Q000379:methods / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D019468:Disease Management; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007345:Insurance Claim Review; D007348:Insurance, Health / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D008297:Male; D008484:Medicaid / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D008875:Middle Aged; D009103:Multiple Sclerosis / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000628:therapy*; D010342:Patient Acceptance of Health Care; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D014481:United States / Q000453:epidemiology; D055815:Young Adult