title: Risk factors of post-traumatic stress symptoms in patients with cancer.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To determine the level of post-traumatic stress symptoms and to identify demographics, disease history and clinical symptoms that were associated with post-traumatic stress symptoms among patients with gynaecological, breast or colorectal cancer in Taiwan.
  
  
  BACKGROUND
  Literature indicated that 7·3-35·2% of patients with cancer had experienced level of post-traumatic stress symptoms. However, the post-traumatic stress symptoms among patients with cancer in Taiwan was not documented.
  
  
  METHODS
  A cross-sectional study.
  
  
  METHODS
  A total of 347 participants recruited from two general hospitals in southern Taiwan. They completed the Chinese version of Davidson Trauma Scale and a profile describing their demographics and clinical symptoms. Disease history was collected from medical records.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Approximately 21·6% of participants reported higher score on Chinese version of Davidson Trauma Scale (Mean ± SD = 22·85 ± 24·12). The top four scores on Chinese version of Davidson Trauma Scale were painful memories, insomnia, shortened lifespan and flashbacks. The risk factors of post-traumatic stress symptoms were suicidal intention (OR = 2·29, 95% CI = 1·86-2·82), chemotherapy (OR = 2·13, 1·18-3·84), metastasis (OR = 2·07, 1·29-3·34), cancer-specific symptoms (OR = 1·21, 1·15-1·27) and high education (OR = 1·75, 1·10-2·78).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  To prevent post-traumatic stress symptoms, patients with cancer should be routinely screened by psychiatrists for post-traumatic stress symptoms, for ongoing symptom control and suicidal intention. Patients with cancer who are at risk of suicidal behaviour should be enrolled in suicide prevention programmes.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Nurses need to assess post-traumatic stress symptoms of patients with cancer, particularly those who with high education, suffered from complications of chemotherapy, metastasis and cancer-specific symptoms and suicidal intention.
authors.affiliation: Nursing Department, I-Shou University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Yu-Hua
authors.initials: YH
authors.lastname: Lin
authors.affiliation: Nursing Department, I-Shou University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Chia-Chan
authors.initials: CC
authors.lastname: Kao
authors.affiliation: Anesthesiology Department, E-Da Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Shu-Fen
authors.initials: SF
authors.lastname: Wu
authors.affiliation: Department of Nursing, National Tainan Junior College of Nursing, Tainan, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Shu-Ling
authors.initials: SL
authors.lastname: Hung
authors.affiliation: Department of Nursing, Mackay Medical College, Taipei, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Hsing-Yu
authors.initials: HY
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.affiliation: Surgical Department, Yuan's General Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Hong-Yi
authors.initials: HY
authors.lastname: Tung
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009369:Neoplasms / Q000150:complications / Q000451:nursing / Q000523:psychology*; D011569:Psychiatric Status Rating Scales; D012307:Risk Factors; D013313:Stress Disorders, Post-Traumatic / Q000150:complications / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000451:nursing; D059020:Suicidal Ideation; D013624:Taiwan
keywords: cancer; emotional distress; oncology nursing