title: Effective delivery of porphyrazine photosensitizers to cancer cells by polymer brush nanocontainers.
abstract: Efficient drug delivery can be assigned to tasks that attract the most acute attention of researchers in the field of anticancer drug design. We have reported the first case of using amphiphilic polymer brushes as nanocontainers for photosensitizer delivery to cancer cells. Regular graft-copolymers of hydrophobic polyimides with hydrophilic polymethacrylic acid side chains were loaded with photosensitive dye tetra(4-fluorophenyl)tetracyanoporphyrazine (Pz) providing a sufficiently stable homogeneous fraction of fluorescent Pz-loaded nanoparticles with a size of 100-150 nm. Pz-loaded polymer brushes were substantially more efficient for Pz delivery into cells compared with other types of particles examined, Pz-polyethyleneglycol and Pz-methylcellulose. In vivo, an efficient Pz delivery to tumor can also be expected since the Pz-PB particle size is in the optimal range for passive targeting. Pz-PB showed pronounced photodynamic activity, while, that is important, in the absence of irradiation the PB carrier itself was significantly less toxic than the dye itself. Summing up, water-soluble polymer brushes with polyimide backbones and polymethacrylic acid side chains can be regarded as a novel type of nanocontainers providing efficient intracellular drug delivery for photodynamic therapy of cancers.
authors.affiliation: Lobachevsky University, Gagarina ave. 23, 603950, Nizhny Novgorod, Russia.
authors.forename: Natalia Y
authors.initials: NY
authors.lastname: Shilyagina
authors.affiliation: Lobachevsky University, Gagarina ave. 23, 603950, Nizhny Novgorod, Russia.
authors.forename: Nina N
authors.initials: NN
authors.lastname: Peskova
authors.affiliation: Lobachevsky University, Gagarina ave. 23, 603950, Nizhny Novgorod, Russia.|G.A. Razuvaev Institute of Organometallic Chemistry of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Tropinina str. 49, 603950, Nizhny Novgorod, Russia.
authors.forename: Svetlana A
authors.initials: SA
authors.lastname: Lermontova
authors.affiliation: Lobachevsky University, Gagarina ave. 23, 603950, Nizhny Novgorod, Russia.
authors.forename: Anna A
authors.initials: AA
authors.lastname: Brilkina
authors.affiliation: Lobachevsky University, Gagarina ave. 23, 603950, Nizhny Novgorod, Russia.
authors.forename: Vladimir A
authors.initials: VA
authors.lastname: Vodeneev
authors.affiliation: Institute of Macromolecular Compounds of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Bolshoy pr. 31, 199004, Saint Petersburg, Russia.|St. Petersburg State University, Universitetskii pr. 26, Petrodvorets, 198504, St. Petersburg, Russia.
authors.forename: Alexander V
authors.initials: AV
authors.lastname: Yakimansky
authors.affiliation: Lobachevsky University, Gagarina ave. 23, 603950, Nizhny Novgorod, Russia.|G.A. Razuvaev Institute of Organometallic Chemistry of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Tropinina str. 49, 603950, Nizhny Novgorod, Russia.
authors.forename: Larisa G
authors.initials: LG
authors.lastname: Klapshina
authors.affiliation: Lobachevsky University, Gagarina ave. 23, 603950, Nizhny Novgorod, Russia.|I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Trubetskaya str. 8-2, 119991, Moscow, Russia.
authors.forename: Irina V
authors.initials: IV
authors.lastname: Balalaeva
mesh_terms: D045744:Cell Line, Tumor; D016503:Drug Delivery Systems; D006801:Humans; D057927:Hydrophobic and Hydrophilic Interactions; D053758:Nanoparticles / Q000737:chemistry*; D010778:Photochemotherapy; D017319:Photosensitizing Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D011108:Polymers; D011166:Porphyrins / Q000008:administration & dosage*
chemical_list: D017319:Photosensitizing Agents; D011108:Polymers; D011166:Porphyrins
keywords: drug delivery; fluorescent molecular rotors; photosensitizers; polymer brushes; porphyrazines