title: Biological response of human suture mesenchymal cells to Titania nanotube-based implants for advanced craniosynostosis therapy.
abstract: Titania nanotubes (TNTs) engineered on titanium (Ti) surfaces (i.e. TNT/Ti) and loaded with specific drugs have been recognised as a promising solution for localised therapeutic delivery to address several medical problems not feasible with conventional drug administration. We propose the use of TNT/Ti protein-releasing implants to treat paediatric craniofacial abnormality in craniosynostosis caused by premature fusion of cranial sutures. In this study, we have analysed the biological response of human suture mesenchymal cells (SMCs), extracted from two different patients undergoing craniofacial reconstruction surgery, at the TNT/Ti implant surface. The experimental groups included large-diameter TNT/Ti implants, with and without biopolymer surface coating (Chitosan and Pluronic-F127) while the controls comprised of flat Ti disc and tissue culture plastic. The non-loaded implant surfaces and the cellular interactions at the implant-cell interface were characterised using scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The SMC adhesion, viability and proliferation were determined by MTT assay and manual cell counting at day 1 and day 3 of cell incubation. SEM showed significant reduction in initial attachment and adhesion of SMCs at TNT-cell biointerface compared with the control Ti discs. Subsequent cell proliferation results also revealed a decrease in the number of viable cells on the TNT surfaces. The nanotopography and structural features along with the surface chemistry dictated the cellular response, with nanotubular surfaces (with and without polymer coating) impeding cell adhesion and proliferation. Our findings hold promise for the use of TNT-based cranial implants as a delivery system to prevent sutural bone growth for advanced craniosynostosis therapy.
authors.affiliation: School of Dentistry, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA 5005, Australia. Electronic address: manpreet.bariana@adelaide.edu.au.
authors.forename: Manpreet
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Bariana
authors.affiliation: Women's and Children's Hospital, 72 King William St., Adelaide, SA 5006, Australia.
authors.forename: Prem
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Dwivedi
authors.affiliation: School of Dentistry, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA 5005, Australia.
authors.forename: Sarbin
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Ranjitkar
authors.affiliation: School of Dentistry, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA 5005, Australia.
authors.forename: John A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Kaidonis
authors.affiliation: School of Chemical Engineering, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA 5005, Australia (1). Electronic address: dusan.losic@adelaide.edu.au.
authors.forename: Dusan
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Losic
authors.affiliation: School of Dentistry, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA 5005, Australia; Australian Craniofacial Unit, 72 King William St, Adelaide, SA 5006, Australia. Electronic address: haemro2@hotmail.com.
authors.forename: Peter J
authors.initials: PJ
authors.lastname: Anderson
mesh_terms: D002448:Cell Adhesion; D018929:Cell Culture Techniques; D019070:Cell Lineage; D049109:Cell Proliferation; D002470:Cell Survival; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D003393:Cranial Sutures / Q000601:surgery*; D003398:Craniosynostoses / Q000628:therapy*; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D008422:Materials Testing; D059630:Mesenchymal Stem Cells / Q000166:cytology*; D008855:Microscopy, Electron, Scanning; D043942:Nanotubes / Q000737:chemistry*; D011108:Polymers / Q000737:chemistry; D019736:Prostheses and Implants; D013499:Surface Properties; D014025:Titanium / Q000737:chemistry*
chemical_list: D011108:Polymers; C009495:titanium dioxide; D014025:Titanium
keywords: Cellular response; Cranial implants; Craniosynostosis; Human suture mesenchymal cells; Protein-releasing implants; Titania nanotubes