title: Integrity of central nervous function in diabetes mellitus assessed by resting state EEG frequency analysis and source localization.
abstract: Diabetes mellitus (DM) is associated with structural and functional changes of the central nervous system. We used electroencephalography (EEG) to assess resting state cortical activity and explored associations to relevant clinical features. Multichannel resting state EEG was recorded in 27 healthy controls and 24 patients with longstanding DM and signs of autonomic dysfunction. The power distribution based on wavelet analysis was summarized into frequency bands with corresponding topographic mapping. Source localization analysis was applied to explore the electrical cortical sources underlying the EEG. Compared to controls, DM patients had an overall decreased EEG power in the delta (1-4Hz) and gamma (30-45Hz) bands. Topographic analysis revealed that these changes were confined to the frontal region for the delta band and to central cortical areas for the gamma band. Source localization analysis identified sources with reduced activity in the left postcentral gyrus for the gamma band and in right superior parietal lobule for the alpha1 (8-10Hz) band. DM patients with clinical signs of autonomic dysfunction and gastrointestinal symptoms had evidence of altered resting state cortical processing. This may reflect metabolic, vascular or neuronal changes associated with diabetes.
authors.affiliation: Mech-Sense, Department of Radiology, Aalborg University Hospital, Aalborg, Denmark; Department of Clinical Medicine, Aalborg University, Aalborg, Denmark. Electronic address: jebf@rn.dk.
authors.forename: Jens B
authors.initials: JB
authors.lastname: Frøkjær
authors.affiliation: Mech-Sense, Department of Gastroenterology & Hepatology, Aalborg University Hospital, Aalborg, Denmark.
authors.forename: Carina
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Graversen
authors.affiliation: Mech-Sense, Department of Gastroenterology & Hepatology, Aalborg University Hospital, Aalborg, Denmark.
authors.forename: Christina
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Brock
authors.affiliation: Mech-Sense, Department of Gastroenterology & Hepatology, Aalborg University Hospital, Aalborg, Denmark.
authors.forename: Ahmad
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Khodayari-Rostamabad
authors.affiliation: Mech-Sense, Department of Gastroenterology & Hepatology, Aalborg University Hospital, Aalborg, Denmark.
authors.forename: Søren S
authors.initials: SS
authors.lastname: Olesen
authors.affiliation: Mech-Sense, Department of Radiology, Aalborg University Hospital, Aalborg, Denmark; Department of Clinical Medicine, Aalborg University, Aalborg, Denmark.
authors.forename: Tine M
authors.initials: TM
authors.lastname: Hansen
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine, Haukeland University Hospital and Institute of Medicine, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway.
authors.forename: Eirik
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Søfteland
authors.affiliation: Institute of Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine & Clinical Nutrition, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden.
authors.forename: Magnus
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Simrén
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical Medicine, Aalborg University, Aalborg, Denmark; Mech-Sense, Department of Gastroenterology & Hepatology, Aalborg University Hospital, Aalborg, Denmark.
authors.forename: Asbjørn M
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Drewes
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001341:Autonomic Nervous System / Q000503:physiopathology; D001342:Autonomic Nervous System Diseases / Q000150:complications / Q000503:physiopathology; D001931:Brain Mapping; D002490:Central Nervous System / Q000503:physiopathology*; D002493:Central Nervous System Diseases / Q000150:complications / Q000503:physiopathology*; D002540:Cerebral Cortex / Q000503:physiopathology*; D003922:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1 / Q000150:complications*; D003924:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / Q000150:complications*; D003929:Diabetic Neuropathies / Q000503:physiopathology*; D004569:Electroencephalography; D005260:Female; D005625:Frontal Lobe / Q000503:physiopathology; D005767:Gastrointestinal Diseases / Q000150:complications / Q000503:physiopathology; D041981:Gastrointestinal Tract / Q000294:innervation / Q000503:physiopathology; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010296:Parietal Lobe / Q000503:physiopathology; D013003:Somatosensory Cortex / Q000503:physiopathology
keywords: Complications; Diabetes mellitus; Electroencephalography; Neuropathy; Neurophysiology; Source localization