title: Research and development of metals for medical devices based on clinical needs.
abstract: The current research and development of metallic materials used for medicine and dentistry is reviewed. First, the general properties required of metals used in medical devices are summarized, followed by the needs for the development ofα+βtype Ti alloys with large elongation andβtype Ti alloys with a low Young's modulus. In addition, nickel-free Ni-Ti alloys and austenitic stainless steels are described. As new topics, we review metals that are bioabsorbable and compatible with magnetic resonance imaging. Surface treatment and modification techniques to improve biofunctions and biocompatibility are categorized, and the related problems are presented at the end of this review. The metal surface may be biofunctionalized by various techniques, such as dry and wet processes. These techniques make it possible to apply metals to scaffolds in tissue engineering.
authors.affiliation: Department of Metallic Biomaterials, Institute of Biomaterials and Bioengineering, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, 2-3-10 Kanda-surugadai, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo, 101-0062, Japan.
authors.forename: Takao
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Hanawa
keywords: Alloy; Biocompatibility; Biofunction; Biomaterial; Implant; Medical device; Metal