title: Proteome-wide identification of lysine succinylation in thermophilic and mesophilic bacteria.
abstract: Lysine succinylation, one of post-translational acylations conserved from eukaryotes to bacteria, plays regulatory roles in various cellular processes. However, much remains unknown about the general and specific characteristics of lysine succinylation among bacteria, and about its functions different from those of other acylations. In this study, we characterized lysine succinylation, a newly discovered widespread type of lysine acylation in five bacterial species with different characteristics such as optimal growth temperature and cell wall structure. This study is the first to demonstrate that succinylation is general phenomenon occurring not only in mesophiles but also in thermophiles. Mapping of succinylation sites on protein structures revealed that succinylation occurs at many lysine residues important for protein function. Comparison of the succinylation sites in the five bacterial species provides insights regarding common protein regulation mechanisms utilizing lysine succinylation. Many succinylation sites were conserved among five bacteria, especially between Geobacillus kaustophilus and Bacillus subtilis, some of which are functionally important sites. Furthermore, systematic comparison of the succinyl-proteome results and our previous propionyl-proteome results showed that the abundance of these two types of acylations is considerably different among the five bacteria investigated. Many succinylation and propionylation events were detected in G. kaustophilus, whereas Escherichia coli and B. subtilis exhibited high succinylation and low propionylation; low succinylation and high propionylation were identified in Thermus thermophilus, and low succinylation and propionylation were observed in Rhodothermus marinus. Comparison of the characteristics of lysine succinylation and lysine propionylation suggested these two types of acylation play different roles in cellular processes.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biological Sciences, Graduate School of Science, Osaka University, 1-1 Machikaneyama-cho, Toyonaka, Osaka 560-0043, Japan; Division of Biology & Geosciences, Graduate School of Science, Osaka City University, 3-3-138 Sugimoto, Sumiyoshi-ku, Osaka 558-8585, Japan.
authors.forename: Hiroki
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Okanishi
authors.affiliation: Department of Biological Sciences, Graduate School of Science, Osaka University, 1-1 Machikaneyama-cho, Toyonaka, Osaka 560-0043, Japan. Electronic address: kwangkim0169@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Kwang
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.affiliation: Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Osaka Medical College, 2-7 Daigakumachi, Takatsuki, Osaka 569-8686, Japan.
authors.forename: Kenji
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Fukui
authors.affiliation: Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Osaka Medical College, 2-7 Daigakumachi, Takatsuki, Osaka 569-8686, Japan.
authors.forename: Takato
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Yano
authors.affiliation: Department of Biological Sciences, Graduate School of Science, Osaka University, 1-1 Machikaneyama-cho, Toyonaka, Osaka 560-0043, Japan.
authors.forename: Seiki
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Kuramitsu
authors.affiliation: Department of Biological Sciences, Graduate School of Science, Osaka University, 1-1 Machikaneyama-cho, Toyonaka, Osaka 560-0043, Japan; Division of Biology & Geosciences, Graduate School of Science, Osaka City University, 3-3-138 Sugimoto, Sumiyoshi-ku, Osaka 558-8585, Japan.
authors.forename: Ryoji
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Masui
mesh_terms: D000107:Acetylation; D000215:Acylation / Q000502:physiology*; D001412:Bacillus subtilis / Q000378:metabolism; D001426:Bacterial Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D004926:Escherichia coli / Q000378:metabolism; D056506:Geobacillus / Q000378:metabolism; D008239:Lysine / Q000378:metabolism*; D011499:Protein Processing, Post-Translational / Q000502:physiology; D020543:Proteome / Q000378:metabolism*; D045245:Rhodothermus / Q000378:metabolism; D019802:Succinic Acid / Q000378:metabolism*; D016963:Thermus thermophilus / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D001426:Bacterial Proteins; D020543:Proteome; D019802:Succinic Acid; D008239:Lysine
keywords: Bacteria; Lysine acylation; Lysine succinylation; Mass spectrometry; Post-translational modification; Protein structure