title: Genome, transcriptome and proteome: the rise of omics data and their integration in biomedical sciences.
abstract: Advances in the technologies and informatics used to generate and process large biological data sets (omics data) are promoting a critical shift in the study of biomedical sciences. While genomics, transcriptomics and proteinomics, coupled with bioinformatics and biostatistics, are gaining momentum, they are still, for the most part, assessed individually with distinct approaches generating monothematic rather than integrated knowledge. As other areas of biomedical sciences, including metabolomics, epigenomics and pharmacogenomics, are moving towards the omics scale, we are witnessing the rise of inter-disciplinary data integration strategies to support a better understanding of biological systems and eventually the development of successful precision medicine. This review cuts across the boundaries between genomics, transcriptomics and proteomics, summarizing how omics data are generated, analysed and shared, and provides an overview of the current strengths and weaknesses of this global approach. This work intends to target students and researchers seeking knowledge outside of their field of expertise and fosters a leap from the reductionist to the global-integrative analytical approach in research.
authors.affiliation: School of Pharmacy, University of Reading, Whiteknights, Reading, United Kingdom.|Department Molecular Neuroscience, UCL Institute of Neurology, London, United Kingdom.
authors.forename: Claudia
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Manzoni
authors.affiliation: Department Molecular Neuroscience, UCL Institute of Neurology, London, United Kingdom.
authors.forename: Demis A
authors.initials: DA
authors.lastname: Kia
authors.affiliation: Department Molecular Neuroscience, UCL Institute of Neurology, London, United Kingdom.
authors.forename: Jana
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Vandrovcova
authors.affiliation: Department Molecular Neuroscience, UCL Institute of Neurology, London, United Kingdom.
authors.forename: John
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Hardy
authors.affiliation: Department Molecular Neuroscience, UCL Institute of Neurology, London, United Kingdom.
authors.forename: Nicholas W
authors.initials: NW
authors.lastname: Wood
authors.affiliation: School of Pharmacy, University of Reading, Whiteknights, Reading, United Kingdom.|Department Molecular Neuroscience, UCL Institute of Neurology, London, United Kingdom.
authors.forename: Patrick A
authors.initials: PA
authors.lastname: Lewis
authors.affiliation: Department Molecular Neuroscience, UCL Institute of Neurology, London, United Kingdom.
authors.forename: Raffaele
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Ferrari
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D035843:Biomedical Research; D015894:Genome, Human; D006801:Humans; D020543:Proteome; D049490:Systems Biology / Q000379:methods*; D059467:Transcriptome
chemical_list: D020543:Proteome