title: An estimation of burden of serious fungal infections in France.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  An estimation of burden of serious fungal diseases in France is essential data to inform public health priorities on the importance of resources and research needed on these infections. In France, precise data are available for invasive fungal diseases but estimates for several other diseases such as chronic and immunoallergic diseases are by contrast less known.
  
  
  METHODS
  A systematic literature search was conducted using the Web of Science Platform. Published epidemiology papers reporting fungal infection rates from France were identified. Where no data existed, we used specific populations at risk and fungal infection frequencies in those populations to estimate national incidence or prevalence, depending on the condition.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The model predicts high prevalences of severe asthma with fungal sensitization episodes (189 cases/100,000 adults per year), of allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis (145/100,000) and of chronic pulmonary aspergillosis (5.24/100,000). Besides, estimated incidence for invasive aspergillosis is 1.8/100,000 annually based on classical high risk factors. Estimates for invasive mucormycosis, pneumocystosis and cryptococcosis are 0.12/100,000, 1/100,000 and 0.2/100,000, respectively. Regarding invasive candidiasis, more than 10,000 cases per year are estimated, and a much higher number of recurrent vaginal candidiasis is probable but must be confirmed. Finally, this survey was an opportunity to report a first picture of the frequency of tinea capitis in France.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Using local and literature data of the incidence or prevalence of fungal infections, approximately 1,000,000 (1.47%) people in France are estimated to suffer from serious fungal infections each year.
authors.affiliation: Centre hospitalier universitaire de Rennes, laboratoire de parasitologie-mycologie, 2, rue Henri-le-Guilloux, 35033 Rennes cedex 09, France. Electronic address: Jean-pierre.gangneux@univ-rennes1.fr.
authors.forename: J-P
authors.initials: JP
authors.lastname: Gangneux
authors.affiliation: Centre hospitalier universitaire Necker-Enfants-Malades, Assistance publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, laboratoire de parasitologie-mycologie, 149, rue de Sèvres, 75015 Paris, France.
authors.forename: M-E
authors.initials: ME
authors.lastname: Bougnoux
authors.affiliation: Centre hospitalier universitaire Saint-Antoine, Assistance publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, laboratoire de parasitologie-mycologie, 184, rue du Faubourg Saint-Antoine, 75012 Paris, France.
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Hennequin
authors.affiliation: Centre hospitalier universitaire de Poitiers, service de médecine interne, maladies infectieuses et tropicales, 2, rue de la Milétrie, 86021 Poitiers, France.
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Godet
authors.affiliation: Centre hospitalier universitaire de Tours, laboratoire de parasitologie-mycologie, 2, boulevard Tonnellé, 37000 Tours, France.
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Chandenier
authors.affiliation: The University of Manchester and National Aspergillosis Centre, University Hospital of South Manchester, Manchester, UK.
authors.forename: D W
authors.initials: DW
authors.lastname: Denning
authors.affiliation: Centre hospitalier universitaire Necker-Enfants-Malades, Assistance publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, laboratoire de parasitologie-mycologie, 149, rue de Sèvres, 75015 Paris, France.
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Dupont
mesh_terms: D005602:France / Q000453:epidemiology; D006801:Humans; D015994:Incidence; D009181:Mycoses / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000382:microbiology / Q000473:pathology; D015995:Prevalence; D012720:Severity of Illness Index
keywords: Aspergillose; Aspergillosis; Candidiasis; Candidose; Cryptococcose; Cryptococcosis; France; Mucormycose; Mucormycosis; Pneumocystose; Pneumocystosis; Teigne du cuir chevelu; Tinea capitis