title: [Bacillus isolates from rhizosphere of cacti improve germination and bloom in Mammillaria spp. (Cactaceae)].
abstract: Cacti are the most representative vegetation of arid zones in Mexico where rainfall is scarce, evapotranspiration is high and soil fertility is low. Plants have developed physiological strategies such as the association with microorganisms in the rhizosphere zone to increase nutrient uptake. In the present work, four bacterial isolates from the rhizosphere of Mammillaria magnimamma and Coryphantha radians were obtained and named as QAP3, QAP19, QAP22 and QAP24, and were genetically identified as belonging to the genus Bacillus, exhibiting in vitro biochemical properties such as phosphate solubilization, indoleacetic acid production and ACC deaminase activity related to plant growth promotion, which was tested by inoculating M. magnimamma seeds. It was found that all isolates increased germination from 17 to 34.3% with respect to the uninoculated control seeds, being QAP24 the one having the greatest effect, accomplishing the germination of viable seeds (84.7%) three days before the control seeds. Subsequently, the inoculation of Mammillari zeilmanniana plants with this isolate showed a positive effect on bloom, registering during two months from a one year period, an increase of up to 31.0% in the number of flowering plants compared to control plants. The characterized Bacillus spp. isolates have potential to be used in conservation programs of plant species from arid zones.
authors.affiliation: Laboratorio de Plantas y Biotecnología Agrícola, Facultad de Química, Universidad Autónoma de Querétaro, Querétaro, México.
authors.forename: Lluvia A
authors.initials: LA
authors.lastname: Chávez-Ambriz
authors.affiliation: Unidad Académica Multidisciplinaria Zona Huasteca, Universidad Autónoma de San Luis Potosí, San Luis Potosí, México.
authors.forename: Alejandro
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Hernández-Morales
authors.affiliation: Herbario Dr. Jerzy Rzedowski, Facultad de Ciencias Naturales, Universidad Autónoma de Querétaro, Querétaro, México.
authors.forename: José A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Cabrera-Luna
authors.affiliation: Laboratorio de Plantas y Biotecnología Agrícola, Facultad de Química, Universidad Autónoma de Querétaro, Querétaro, México.
authors.forename: Laura
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Luna-Martínez
authors.affiliation: Laboratorio de Plantas y Biotecnología Agrícola, Facultad de Química, Universidad Autónoma de Querétaro, Querétaro, México. Electronic address: juanramiro29@yahoo.com.mx.
authors.forename: Juan R
authors.initials: JR
authors.lastname: Pacheco-Aguilar
mesh_terms: D059827:Agricultural Inoculants; D001407:Bacillus / Q000145:classification / Q000302:isolation & purification* / Q000502:physiology; D029421:Cactaceae / Q000254:growth & development / Q000382:microbiology*; D035264:Flowers / Q000254:growth & development; D018525:Germination; D018517:Plant Roots / Q000382:microbiology; D012329:RNA, Bacterial / Q000235:genetics; D012336:RNA, Ribosomal, 16S / Q000235:genetics; D058441:Rhizosphere; D021521:Ribotyping; D012639:Seeds / Q000382:microbiology / Q000502:physiology; D012988:Soil Microbiology; D013559:Symbiosis
chemical_list: D012329:RNA, Bacterial; D012336:RNA, Ribosomal, 16S
keywords: Antesis; Anthesis; Arid zones; Coryphantha radians; Indoleacetic acid; Inoculantes microbianos; Microbial inoculants; Zonas áridas; Ácido indolacético