title: The effect of long working hours on 10-year risk of coronary heart disease and stroke in the Korean population: the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (KNHANES), 2007 to 2013.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Recently, the emergence of long working hours and the associated conditions such as coronary heart disease (CHD) and stroke have gained attention. The aim of this study was to investigate the association between long working hours and the 10-year-risk of CHD and stroke, estimated by Jee's health risk-appraisal model for ischemic heart disease.
  
  
  METHODS
  We analyzed data from Koreans who randomly enrolled in Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2008-2012 and finally included 13,799 participants. The participants were classified as per their working hours: 0-30 h/week, 31-39 h/week, 40 h/week, 41-50 h/week, 51-60 h/week, 61-70 h/week, 71-80 h/week, and >80 h/week. The risks for CHD and stroke were determined using Jee's health risk-appraisal model. Multiple logistic regression was used to analyze the association between working hours and 10-year risk for CHD.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The 10-year risks for CHD and stroke were significantly and positively associated with working hours in both men and women. Furthermore, higher risks for CHD and stroke were associated with longer working hours in women.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Long working hours are significantly associated with the risks of CHD and stroke, estimated by Jee's health risk-appraisal model. This study suggests the need for proper management of working hours to reduce CHD risk and stroke risk in the Korean population.
authors.affiliation: Department of Preventive Medicine, College of Medicine, Seoul National University, 103 Daehangno, Jongno-gu, Seoul, 110-799 Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Dong-Wook
authors.initials: DW
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.affiliation: Department of Preventive Medicine, College of Medicine, Seoul National University, 103 Daehangno, Jongno-gu, Seoul, 110-799 Republic of Korea ; Institute of Environmental Medicine, Seoul National University Medical Research Center, 103 Daehangno, Jongno-gu, Seoul, 110-799 Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Yun-Chul
authors.initials: YC
authors.lastname: Hong
authors.affiliation: Department of Preventive Medicine, College of Medicine, Seoul National University, 103 Daehangno, Jongno-gu, Seoul, 110-799 Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Kyoung-Bok
authors.initials: KB
authors.lastname: Min
authors.affiliation: Department of Preventive Medicine, College of Medicine, Seoul National University, 103 Daehangno, Jongno-gu, Seoul, 110-799 Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Tae-Shik
authors.initials: TS
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.affiliation: Department of Preventive Medicine, College of Medicine, Seoul National University, 103 Daehangno, Jongno-gu, Seoul, 110-799 Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Min-Seok
authors.initials: MS
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.affiliation: Department of Preventive Medicine, College of Medicine, Seoul National University, 103 Daehangno, Jongno-gu, Seoul, 110-799 Republic of Korea ; Institute of Environmental Medicine, Seoul National University Medical Research Center, 103 Daehangno, Jongno-gu, Seoul, 110-799 Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Mo-Yeol
authors.initials: MY
authors.lastname: Kang
keywords: Coronary heart disease; Korean national health and nutrition examination survey; Long working hours; Stroke