title: Athletes with higher VO2max present reduced oxLDL after a marathon race.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  During a session of prolonged and exhaustive exercise, such as a marathon race, large quantities of free radicals are produced and can oxidise (ox) several molecules, such as low-density lipoprotein (LDL). To prevent oxidative damage, athletes present higher antioxidant levels. However, the effect of marathon running on the natural IgM or IgG anti-oxLDL autoantibodies is not understood. Thus, we investigated the effect of a marathon race on oxidative stress and the mechanisms of control of this stress.
  
  
  METHODS
  Blood samples of 20 marathon runners were collected 24 hours before, immediately and 72 hours after a marathon race to evaluate: plasma lipid profile; serum levels of oxLDL and anti-oxLDL autoantibodies (IgM and IgG isotype) and total antioxidant capacity (TAC). Maximum oxygen uptake (VO2max) was also determined.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Immediately after the race, oxLDL and TAC levels decreased in comparison to the basal levels; however, the IgM or IgG anti-oxLDL levels remain unchanged. Whereas no differences were observed in the IgM or IgG anti-oxLDL levels 72h after the marathon, the oxLDL and TAC levels returned to the basal values. Significant positive correlations were observed between oxLDL and LDL-cholesterol before, and 72h after the marathon. Significant negative correlations were observed between oxLDL and VO2max immediately after the marathon and 72 h later, as well as between oxLDL and TAC 72 h after the race.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Athletes with a higher VO2max and total antioxidant activity presented reduced LDL oxidation. The levels of IgM or IgG anti-oxLDL autoantibodies were not affected by running the marathon.
authors.affiliation: Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Federal University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil; Institute of Physical Activity Sciences and Sports, Post-Graduate Program in Human Movement Sciences, Cruzeiro do Sul University, São Paulo, Brazil.
authors.forename: André L L
authors.initials: AL
authors.lastname: Bachi
authors.affiliation: School of Physical Education and Sports, University of São Paulo , São Paulo , Brazil.
authors.forename: Ana Paula R
authors.initials: AP
authors.lastname: Sierra
authors.affiliation: Department of Immunology , Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo , São Paulo , Brazil.
authors.forename: Francisco J O
authors.initials: FJ
authors.lastname: Rios
authors.affiliation: Faculty Metodo of São Paulo, São Paulo , Brazil.
authors.forename: Danieli A
authors.initials: DA
authors.lastname: Gonçalves
authors.affiliation: Dante Pazzanese Institute of Cardiology , São Paulo , Brazil.
authors.forename: Nabil
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Ghorayeb
authors.affiliation: Institute of Preventive Medicine of São Paulo , São Paulo , Brazil.
authors.forename: Ronaldo L
authors.initials: RL
authors.lastname: Abud
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery , Federal University of São Paulo , São Paulo , Brazil.
authors.forename: Angélica B
authors.initials: AB
authors.lastname: Victorino
authors.affiliation: Department of Otorhinolaryngology , Federal University of São Paulo , São Paulo , Brazil.
authors.forename: Juliana M B
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Dos Santos
authors.affiliation: School of Physical Education and Sports, University of São Paulo , São Paulo , Brazil.
authors.forename: Maria Augusta D P
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Kiss
authors.affiliation: Institute of Physical Activity Sciences and Sports, Post-Graduate Program in Human Movement Sciences, Cruzeiro do Sul University , São Paulo , Brazil.
authors.forename: Tania C
authors.initials: TC
authors.lastname: Pithon-Curi
authors.affiliation: Department of Otorhinolaryngology , Federal University of São Paulo , São Paulo , Brazil.
authors.forename: Mauro
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Vaisberg
keywords: autoantibodies; coronary artery diseases; exhaustive exercise; oxidized LDL; total antioxidant capacity