title: Identifying fallacious arguments in a qualitative study of antipsychotic prescribing in dementia.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Dementia can result in cognitive, noncognitive and behavioural symptoms which are difficult to manage. Formal guidelines for the care and management of dementia in the UK state that antipsychotics should only be prescribed where fully justified. This is because inappropriate use, particularly problematic in care-home settings, can produce severe side effects including death. The aim of this study was to explore the use of fallacious arguments in professionals' deliberations about antipsychotic prescribing in dementia in care-home settings. Fallacious arguments have the potential to become unremarkable discourses that construct and validate practices which are counter to guidelines.
  
  
  METHODS
  This qualitative study involved interviews with 28 care-home managers and health professionals involved in caring for patients with dementia. Potentially fallacious arguments were identified using qualitative content analysis and a coding framework constructed from existing explanatory models of fallacious reasoning.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Fallacious arguments were identified in a range of explanations and reasons that participants gave for in answer to questions about initiating, reducing doses of and stopping antipsychotics in dementia. The dominant fallacy was false dichotomy. Appeal to popularity, tradition, consequence, emotion, or fear, and the slippery slope argument was also identified.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Fallacious arguments were often formulated to present convincing cases whereby prescribing antipsychotics or maintaining existing doses (versus not starting medication or reducing the dose, for example) appeared as the only acceptable decision but this is not always the case. The findings could help health professionals to recognise and mitigate the effect of logic-based errors in decisions about the prescribing of antipsychotics in dementia.
authors.affiliation: University of Reading, Whiteknights Campus, Reading, UK.
authors.forename: Parastou
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Donyai
mesh_terms: D014150:Antipsychotic Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D001291:Attitude of Health Personnel; D000066491:Clinical Decision-Making; D003704:Dementia / Q000188:drug therapy*; D011307:Drug Prescriptions / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D006801:Humans; D008508:Medication Errors / Q000517:prevention & control / Q000523:psychology; D010818:Practice Patterns, Physicians' / Q000592:standards; D036301:Qualitative Research
chemical_list: D014150:Antipsychotic Agents
keywords: decision-making; dementia; prescribing; psychiatry; qualitative research