title: Concussion reporting behaviours of community college student-athletes and limits of transferring concussion knowledge during the stress of competition.
abstract: Concussion education for student-athletes is mandated by several states and is becoming an integral component of concussion management programmes; however, little is known about student-athlete concussion knowledge and self-reporting of suspected concussion. This study explored to what extent collegiate student-athletes are knowledgeable on the topic of concussion, the relationship between having concussion knowledge and reporting behaviours, and factors contributing to not reporting when education has been provided.
  
  
  METHODS
  Mixed method explanatory design. The Rosenbaum Concussion Knowledge and Attitudes Survey was administered to 986 community college student-athletes from 6 sports. Follow-up qualitative interviews were conducted using purposive sampling.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Concussion knowledge scores positively correlated with number of times concussion education was received, but were not associated with reporting of concussion. Of respondents with a history of concussion, 64% stated that they reported all of their concussions. The highest ranked reason given for not reporting concussion was, "I was into the game/practice and didn't realize I had a concussion at the time." Qualitative analysis revealed physiologically related and attitudinal factors particular to competition that precluded participants' identification and reporting of concussion.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Despite receiving concussion education, student-athletes may not be cognizant of a possible concussion particularly during the stress of competition. Results indicate that alternate methods of providing concussion education that can affect knowledge transfer should be explored: providing education in the settings where student-athletes practice and compete, incorporating a kinaesthetic or procedural learning approach to concussion education, and addressing the social and attitudinal aspects of concussion reporting.
authors.affiliation: Disability Resources Department , Santa Rosa Junior College , Santa Rosa, California , USA.
authors.forename: Nancy Resendes
authors.initials: NR
authors.lastname: Chinn
authors.affiliation: Department of Education , Sonoma State University , Rohnert Park, California , USA.
authors.forename: Paul
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Porter
keywords: Concussion; Contact sports; Education; Knowledge translation