title: [Levels of dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane internal exposure levels in pregnant women of Xiamen and influencing factors].
abstract: Objective:To investigate the level of and factors influencing internal exposure to dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane (DDT) in pregnant women.Methods:In all, 1 064 pregnant women were recruited in a hospital of Xiamen. Participants were asked to complete a questionnaire to obtain data on sociodemographic characteristics and lifestyle. Peripheral venous blood and cord blood samples were collected. Of the 1 064 pregnant women, 600 were enrolled in this study after completing the questionnaire and providing peripheral venous blood and cord blood. Among those women, 150 were selected randomly using a systematic sampling method. A gas chromatography coupled electron capture detector was used to determine the concentration of six DDT homologues: p,p'-dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane (p,p'-DDT), o,p'-dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane (o,p'-DDT), p,p'-dichlorodiphenyldichloroethane (p,p'-DDD), o,p'-dichlorodiphenyldichloroethane (o,p'-DDD), p,p'-dichlorodiphenylethylene (p,p'-DDE), and o,p'-dichlorodiphenylethylene (o,p'-DDE) . Pregnant women were divided into two groups according to DDT concentration: a low concentration group (detection value≤P50) and a high concentration group (detection value>P50). multivariate logistic regression was used to analyze the association between the DDT levels and potential influencing factors which investigated in the questionnaire.Results:The detection rates of p,p'-DDT, o,p'-DDT, p,p'-DDD, o,p'-DDD, p,p'-DDE and o,p'-DDE in the peripheral venous blood samples from the 150 pregnant women were 83.3% (125), 29.3% (44), 58.0% (87), 24.0% (36), 82.0% (123), and 34.7% (52), respectively. The median concentrations were 1.56, 0.03, 0.07, 0.03, 0.93 and 0.03 μg/ml, respectively. The detection rates of p,p'-DDT, o,p'-DDT, p,p'-DDD, o,p'-DDD, p,p'-DDE and o,p'-DDE in the cord blood samples were 69.3% (104), 10.7% (16), 29.3% (44), 20.7% (31), 81.3% (122) and 45.3% (68), and the median concentrations were 0.41, 0.03, 0.03, 0.03, 0.42 and 0.03 μg/ml, respectively. The concentration ranges in the low and high DDT concentration groups which contained 75 respondents respectively were 0-3.69 and 3.74-82.09 μg/ml, respectively. In the single-factor analysis, the number (percentage) of those who consumed seafood " rarely" , "less than twice a week" , and " twice a week or more" was 15 (20.3%), 22 (29.7%), and 37 (50.0%), respectively, in the low concentration group, and 4(5.3%), 20(26.7% ), and 51(68.0% ) in the high concentration group (χ2=8.69,P=0.013). The results of the multivariate logistic regression analysis indicate that pregnant women who consume seafood less than twice a week, twice a week or more have higher peripheral blood DDT concentrations compared with those who rarely consume seafood. TheOR(95%CI) values were 1.14 (1.08-1.21), 2.11 (1.55-2.85), respectively.Conclusion:The exposure level of pregnant women to DDTs in the Xiamen area is higher than that of women in other regions. High seafood intake is a risk factor for internal exposure to DDTs.
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics, Department of Preventive Medicine, School of Public Health, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China.
authors.forename: X S
authors.initials: XS
authors.lastname: Yu
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: He
authors.forename: J H
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.forename: Z B
authors.initials: ZB
authors.lastname: Lai
authors.forename: Y H
authors.initials: YH
authors.lastname: Su
authors.forename: M M
authors.initials: MM
authors.lastname: Shi
authors.forename: Z X
authors.initials: ZX
authors.lastname: Huang
authors.forename: Q J
authors.initials: QJ
authors.lastname: Cheng
authors.forename: X Y
authors.initials: XY
authors.lastname: Ke
authors.forename: B H
authors.initials: BH
authors.lastname: Zhao
mesh_terms: D002849:Chromatography, Gas; D003634:DDT; D003633:Dichlorodiphenyl Dichloroethylene / Q000032:analysis / Q000097:blood*; D003632:Dichlorodiphenyldichloroethane / Q000032:analysis / Q000097:blood; D004781:Environmental Exposure / Q000032:analysis*; D005260:Female; D005312:Fetal Blood / Q000737:chemistry*; D006801:Humans; D016015:Logistic Models; D008939:Mitotane / Q000031:analogs & derivatives; D015999:Multivariate Analysis; D010920:Placenta / Q000737:chemistry*; D011247:Pregnancy; D037841:Pregnant People
chemical_list: D003633:Dichlorodiphenyl Dichloroethylene; D008939:Mitotane; D003634:DDT; C016340:o,p'-DDT; C054919:2,2-(2-chlorophenyl-4'-chlorophenyl)-1,1-dichloroethene; D003632:Dichlorodiphenyldichloroethane