title: Dissipation of antibiotics in three different agricultural soils after repeated application of biosolids.
abstract: Application of biosolids to agricultural soils is one of the pathways by which antibiotics can be introduced into agricultural ecosystems. A pot experiment was conducted with repeated soil amendment with biosolids to examine the concentrations of four classes of antibiotics (tetracyclines, sulfonamides, fluoroquinolones, and macrolides) and their dissipation in three different soil types in wheat-rice rotations. Antibiotics accumulate in the soils after repeated application of biosolids. Fluoroquinolones showed stronger accumulation and persistence in the test soils than the other three classes of antibiotics. The maximum residual antibiotic concentration was that of norfloxacin at 155 ± 16 μg kg-1in the Typic Hapli-Stagnic Anthrosols (paddy soil). Predicted half-lives were up to 3.69 years, a much longer period than that between biosolid applications (twice each year on average). Antibiotic accumulation followed the rough order fluoroquinolones > tetracyclines > macrolides > sulfonamides, and the sulfonamides were seldom encountered. When biosolid application was suspended, the dissipation rate accelerated. Antibiotic dissipation was slightly slower when biosolids with high heavy metal concentrations were applied and microbial degradation may have been the main mechanism of dissipation. Norfloxacin persistence was positively correlated with its soil adsorption capacity. Cation exchange capacity and soil organic matter content may have vital roles in the soil adsorption of fluoroquinolones. Because of their persistence, the fluoroquinolones must be taken into account in the planning of biosolid applications in agricultural practice.
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of Soil Environment and Pollution Remediation, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing, 210008, China.|University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China.
authors.forename: Lu
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of Soil Environment and Pollution Remediation, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing, 210008, China. lhwu@issas.ac.cn.
authors.forename: Longhua
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Wu
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of Soil Environment and Pollution Remediation, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing, 210008, China.
authors.forename: Wuxing
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of Soil Environment and Pollution Remediation, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing, 210008, China.
authors.forename: Yujuan
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Huang
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of Soil Environment and Pollution Remediation, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing, 210008, China.|Key Laboratory of Coastal Zone Environmental Processes, Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yantai, 264003, China.
authors.forename: Yongming
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Luo
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of Soil Environment and Pollution Remediation, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing, 210008, China.
authors.forename: Peter
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Christie
mesh_terms: D000383:Agriculture / Q000379:methods*; D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents / Q000032:analysis*; D002681:China; D005308:Fertilizers / Q000032:analysis*; D008962:Models, Theoretical; D012275:Oryza / Q000254:growth & development; D012722:Sewage / Q000737:chemistry*; D012987:Soil / Q000737:chemistry*; D012989:Soil Pollutants / Q000032:analysis*; D014908:Triticum / Q000254:growth & development
chemical_list: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents; D005308:Fertilizers; D012722:Sewage; D012987:Soil; D012989:Soil Pollutants
keywords: Antibiotics; Biosolids; Fluoroquinolones; Repeated amendment; Rice-wheat rotations; Soils