title: Inverse Relationship between Sleep Duration and Cardio-Ankle Vascular Index in Children.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Poor sleep has been shown to be associated with the development of cardiovascular risk factors, such as obesity, in both adults and children. This study aimed to investigate the relationship between sleep duration and arterial stiffness indices in Japanese children and early adolescents.
  
  
  METHODS
  The data on 102 students (56 males, 46 females; mean age, 11.9±1.8 years) were analyzed. As non-invasive arterial stiffness parameters, the cardio-ankle vascular index (CAVI) and heart-ankle pulse wave velocity (haPWV) were evaluated. Their students' sleep habits (bedtime and wake times on a usual weekday) were investigated using questionnaires, and based on these, their sleep durations were calculated.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The CAVI values in the males and females were 4.8±0.9 and 4.7±0.9 (arbitrary unit), respectively. haPWV values in the males and females were 5.5±0.6 and 5.4±0.6 m/s, respectively. Sleep duration in the males, but not in the females, was negatively correlated with CAVI (r=－0.356) and haPWV (r=－0.356), suggesting that students with short sleep duration could have increased arterial stiffness. After adjusting for confounders, such as age, sex, systolic blood pressure, heart rate, adiposity, and physical fitness, the correlation of sleep duration with CAVI, but not with haPWV, was still significant (partial r=－0.253, p＜0.05).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our findings suggest that shorter sleep duration influences arterial stiffening even in childhood.
authors.affiliation: Department of Sport Cultural Studies, Hokkaido University of Education.
authors.forename: Noriteru
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Morita
authors.affiliation: Hokkaido University of Education.
authors.forename: Isao
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Kambayashi
authors.affiliation: Department of Sport Cultural Studies, Hokkaido University of Education.
authors.forename: Tomoyasu
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Okuda
authors.affiliation: Department of Sport Education, Hokusho University.
authors.forename: Shiro
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Oda
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Hokkaido University Graduate School of Medicine.
authors.forename: Shingo
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Takada
authors.affiliation: Hokkaido University of Science.
authors.forename: Toshihiro
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Nakajima
authors.affiliation: Department of Sport Cultural Studies, Hokkaido University of Education.
authors.forename: Noriyuki
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Shide
authors.affiliation: Department of Sport Cultural Studies, Hokkaido University of Education.
authors.forename: Hisashi
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Shinkaiya
authors.affiliation: Department of Sport Education, Hokusho University.
authors.forename: Koichi
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Okita
mesh_terms: D000842:Ankle / Q000098:blood supply*; D055109:Ankle Brachial Index; D002318:Cardiovascular Diseases / Q000453:epidemiology*; D002648:Child; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006339:Heart Rate; D006801:Humans; D007564:Japan / Q000453:epidemiology; D008297:Male; D015995:Prevalence; D011379:Prognosis; D012890:Sleep / Q000502:physiology*; D013997:Time Factors; D059289:Vascular Stiffness
keywords: Adolescent; Cardiovascular risk; Primary prevention; Vascular stiffness