title: Rapid allergen-induced interleukin-17 and interferon-γ secretion by skin-resident memory CD8+T cells.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Skin-resident memory T (TRM) cells are associated with immunological memory in the skin. Whether immunological memory responses to allergens in the skin are solely localized to previously allergen-exposed sites or are present globally in the skin is not clear. Furthermore, the mechanisms whereby TRMcells induce rapid recall responses need further investigation.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To study whether contact allergens induce local and/or global memory, and to determine the mechanisms involved in memory responses in the skin.
  
  
  METHODS
  To address these questions, we analysed responses to contact allergens in mice and humans sensitized to 2,4-dinitrofluorobenzene and nickel, respectively.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Challenge responses in both mice and humans were dramatically increased at sites previously exposed to allergens as compared with previously unexposed sites. Importantly, the magnitude of the challenge response correlated with the epidermal accumulation of interleukin (IL)-17A-producing and interferon (IFN)-γ-producing TRMcells. Moreover, IL-17A and IFN-γ enhanced allergen-induced IL-1β production in keratinocytes.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  We show that sensitization with contact allergens induces a strong, long-lasting local memory and a weaker, temporary global immunological memory response to the allergen that is mediated by IL-17A-producing and IFN-γ-producing CD8+TRMcells.
authors.affiliation: Department of Immunology and Microbiology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, 2200 Copenhagen, Denmark.|Department of Dermato-Allergology, National Allergy Research Centre, Copenhagen University Hospital Gentofte, 2900 Hellerup, Denmark.
authors.forename: Jonas D
authors.initials: JD
authors.lastname: Schmidt
authors.affiliation: Department of Dermato-Allergology, National Allergy Research Centre, Copenhagen University Hospital Gentofte, 2900 Hellerup, Denmark.
authors.forename: Malin G
authors.initials: MG
authors.lastname: Ahlström
authors.affiliation: Department of Dermato-Allergology, National Allergy Research Centre, Copenhagen University Hospital Gentofte, 2900 Hellerup, Denmark.
authors.forename: Jeanne D
authors.initials: JD
authors.lastname: Johansen
authors.affiliation: Department of Immunology and Microbiology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, 2200 Copenhagen, Denmark.|Department of Dermato-Allergology, National Allergy Research Centre, Copenhagen University Hospital Gentofte, 2900 Hellerup, Denmark.
authors.forename: Beatrice
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Dyring-Andersen
authors.affiliation: Department of Immunology and Microbiology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, 2200 Copenhagen, Denmark.
authors.forename: Christina
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Agerbeck
authors.affiliation: Department of Immunology and Microbiology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, 2200 Copenhagen, Denmark.
authors.forename: Morten M
authors.initials: MM
authors.lastname: Nielsen
authors.affiliation: Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, 2200 Copenhagen, Denmark.
authors.forename: Steen S
authors.initials: SS
authors.lastname: Poulsen
authors.affiliation: Department of Immunology and Microbiology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, 2200 Copenhagen, Denmark.
authors.forename: Anders
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Woetmann
authors.affiliation: Department of Immunology and Microbiology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, 2200 Copenhagen, Denmark.
authors.forename: Niels
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Ødum
authors.affiliation: Department of Immunology and Microbiology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, 2200 Copenhagen, Denmark.
authors.forename: Allan R
authors.initials: AR
authors.lastname: Thomsen
authors.affiliation: Department of Immunology and Microbiology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, 2200 Copenhagen, Denmark.
authors.forename: Carsten
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Geisler
authors.affiliation: Department of Immunology and Microbiology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, 2200 Copenhagen, Denmark.
authors.forename: Charlotte M
authors.initials: CM
authors.lastname: Bonefeld
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D018414:CD8-Positive T-Lymphocytes / Q000276:immunology*; D003877:Dermatitis, Contact / Q000276:immunology*; D006801:Humans; D007156:Immunologic Memory; D007371:Interferon-gamma / Q000096:biosynthesis*; D020381:Interleukin-17 / Q000096:biosynthesis*; D051379:Mice; D012867:Skin / Q000276:immunology*
chemical_list: C508717:IL17A protein, human; D020381:Interleukin-17; D007371:Interferon-gamma
keywords: IFN-γ; IL-17A; IL-1β; allergic contact dermatitis; local memory; tissue-resident T cells