title: The stable microbiome of inter and sub-tidal anemone species under increasing pCO2.
abstract: Increasing levels of pCO2within the oceans will select for resistant organisms such as anemones, which may thrive under ocean acidification conditions. However, increasing pCO2may alter the bacterial community of marine organisms, significantly affecting the health status of the host. A pH gradient associated with a natural volcanic vent system within Levante Bay, Vulcano Island, Italy, was used to test the effects of ocean acidification on the bacterial community of two anemone species in situ, Anemonia viridis and Actinia equina using 16 S rDNA pyrosequencing. Results showed the bacterial community of the two anemone species differed significantly from each other primarily because of differences in the Gammaproteobacteria and Epsilonproteobacteria abundances. The bacterial communities did not differ within species among sites with decreasing pH except for A. viridis at the vent site (pH = 6.05). In addition to low pH, the vent site contains trace metals and sulfide that may have influenced the bacteria community of A. viridis. The stability of the bacterial community from pH 8.1 to pH 7.4, coupled with previous experiments showing the lack of, or beneficial changes within anemones living under low pH conditions indicates that A. viridis and A. equina will be winners under future ocean acidification scenarios.
authors.affiliation: Mote Marine Laboratory, Sarasota, FL 34236, USA.
authors.forename: Erinn M
authors.initials: EM
authors.lastname: Muller
authors.affiliation: The Mina and Everard Goodman Faculty of Life Sciences, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat-Gan 52900, Israel.|The Interuniversity Institute of Marine Science in Eilat, P.O.B. 469 Eilat 88103, Israel.
authors.forename: Maoz
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Fine
authors.affiliation: Mote Marine Laboratory, Sarasota, FL 34236, USA.|The University of South Carolina, Beaufort SC 29902, USA.
authors.forename: Kim B
authors.initials: KB
authors.lastname: Ritchie
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D059001:Aquatic Organisms / Q000187:drug effects / Q000254:growth & development*; D002245:Carbon Dioxide / Q000633:toxicity*; D006863:Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; D064307:Microbiota / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology*; D009792:Oceans and Seas; D012615:Sea Anemones / Q000187:drug effects / Q000254:growth & development*; D012623:Seawater / Q000737:chemistry
chemical_list: D002245:Carbon Dioxide