title: Esophageal perforation after perioperative transesophageal echocardiography: a case report.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Transesophageal echocardiography is widely used in cardiac surgery. Transesophageal echocardiography probe insertion and manipulation can injure the esophagus.
  
  
  METHODS
  A 76-year-old Asian man was admitted to our hospital for coronary artery bypass graft revascularization surgery. A right carotid endarterectomy was successfully performed 2 days before coronary artery bypass graft revascularization surgery. After the coronary artery bypass graft revascularization surgery was done successfully, postoperative computed tomography and esophagography revealed perforation of the middle esophagus. The patient was managed with fasting, parenteral nutrition, and intravenous antibiotics.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Esophageal perforation can occur with transesophageal echocardiography probe insertion, even without difficulty or resistance, in patients with atherosclerotic disease. Appropriate imaging and vigilance for esophageal injury after a transesophageal echocardiography examination in patients with cardiovascular disease are necessary for appropriate diagnosis and treatment.
authors.affiliation: Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Keimyung University School of Medicine, 56, Dalseong-ro, Jung-gu, Daegu, 41931, Korea.
authors.forename: Hyun-Chang
authors.initials: HC
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.affiliation: Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Keimyung University School of Medicine, 56, Dalseong-ro, Jung-gu, Daegu, 41931, Korea.
authors.forename: Jung-Hyou
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Oh
authors.affiliation: Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Keimyung University School of Medicine, 56, Dalseong-ro, Jung-gu, Daegu, 41931, Korea. yclee@dsmc.or.kr.
authors.forename: Yong-Cheol
authors.initials: YC
authors.lastname: Lee
mesh_terms: D061605:Administration, Intravenous; D000368:Aged; D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D001026:Coronary Artery Bypass / Q000379:methods*; D017548:Echocardiography, Transesophageal / Q000009:adverse effects*; D004939:Esophageal Perforation / Q000209:etiology* / Q000628:therapy; D005215:Fasting; D006801:Humans; D007431:Intraoperative Complications; D008297:Male; D010288:Parenteral Nutrition / Q000379:methods*; D011300:Preoperative Care / Q000009:adverse effects*; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents
keywords: Case report; Complications; Esophageal perforation; Postoperative period; Transesophageal echocardiography