title: Sensitive and Simplified Detection of Antibiotic Influence on the Dynamic and Versatile Changes of Fecal Short-Chain Fatty Acids.
abstract: Short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs), produced by anaerobic fermentation of mainly indigestible dietary carbohydrates by gut microbiota, have a profound influence on intestinal function and host energy metabolism. Antibiotics may seriously disturb the balance of fecal SCFAs. To evaluate the impacts of antibiotics on fecal SCFAs produced by gut microbiota, a simple, reproducible and accurate gas chromatography (GC) method, which can simultaneously analyze seven SCFAs in fecal samples, was developed and validated. The ranges of detection and quantitation of the SCFAs reached 0.0868 ~ 0.393 and 0.261 ~ 1.18 μg·mL-1 respectively, in an optimized protocol for SCFAs extraction and analysis that used 10 mL 75% ethanol aqueous solution containing 1% HCl, without ultrasonication. The technique exhibited excellent intra-day (relative standard deviation (RSD) ≤ 2.54%) and inter-day (RSD ≤ 4.33%) precisions for all the SCFAs. Later, we administered broad-spectrum antibiotics, cefdinir or azithromycin to rats and analyzed the alterations in fecal SCFAs. The total amount, types and distribution of nearly all fecal SCFAs were significantly altered during the administration and even after withdrawal of the antibiotics in rats. The effects of cefdinir on the SCFAs were more pronounced than those of azithromycin. Our findings suggest SCFAs may serve as sensitive indicators to monitor the influences of antibiotics on SCFAs originated by intestinal bacteria. Our improved SCFAs analysis method is a potential platform for a standard clinical test of the effects of new antibiotics on SCFAs.
authors.affiliation: Tianjin State Key Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China.|Research and Development Center of TCM, Tianjin International Joint Academy of Biotechnology and Medicine, Tianjin, China.
authors.forename: Xiaoya
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Zhao
authors.affiliation: Tianjin State Key Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China.|Research and Development Center of TCM, Tianjin International Joint Academy of Biotechnology and Medicine, Tianjin, China.
authors.forename: Zhenzuo
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Jiang
authors.affiliation: Tianjin State Key Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China.|Research and Development Center of TCM, Tianjin International Joint Academy of Biotechnology and Medicine, Tianjin, China.
authors.forename: Fan
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.affiliation: Tianjin State Key Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China.|Research and Development Center of TCM, Tianjin International Joint Academy of Biotechnology and Medicine, Tianjin, China.
authors.forename: Yan
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: Tianjin State Key Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China.
authors.forename: Xiumei
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Gao
authors.affiliation: Tianjin State Key Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China.|Research and Development Center of TCM, Tianjin International Joint Academy of Biotechnology and Medicine, Tianjin, China.
authors.forename: Yuefei
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: Tianjin State Key Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China.|Research and Development Center of TCM, Tianjin International Joint Academy of Biotechnology and Medicine, Tianjin, China.
authors.forename: Xin
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Chai
authors.affiliation: Tianjin State Key Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China.|Research and Development Center of TCM, Tianjin International Joint Academy of Biotechnology and Medicine, Tianjin, China.
authors.forename: Guixiang
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Pan
authors.affiliation: Tianjin State Key Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China.|Research and Development Center of TCM, Tianjin International Joint Academy of Biotechnology and Medicine, Tianjin, China.
authors.forename: Yan
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Zhu
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents / Q000494:pharmacology*; D017963:Azithromycin / Q000494:pharmacology*; D000077525:Cefdinir; D002511:Cephalosporins / Q000494:pharmacology*; D002849:Chromatography, Gas / Q000379:methods / Q000592:standards*; D004040:Dietary Carbohydrates / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000378:metabolism; D005232:Fatty Acids, Volatile / Q000302:isolation & purification* / Q000378:metabolism; D005243:Feces / Q000737:chemistry; D005285:Fermentation / Q000187:drug effects; D000069196:Gastrointestinal Microbiome / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000502:physiology; D008297:Male; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity
chemical_list: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents; D002511:Cephalosporins; D004040:Dietary Carbohydrates; D005232:Fatty Acids, Volatile; D017963:Azithromycin; D000077525:Cefdinir