title: Benzotriazole-type ultraviolet stabilizers and antioxidants in plastic marine debris and their new products.
abstract: Ultraviolet stabilizers (UVSs) and antioxidants are the most widely used additives in plastics to enhance the lifetime of polymeric materials. There is growing interest in the roles of plastic marine debris and microplastics as source or vector of toxic substances to marine environment and organisms. However, there is limited information available on plastic associated chemicals, particularly additive chemicals. Therefore, to evaluate their extent of exposure from plastics to the marine environment, we determined UVSs and antioxidants in plastic debris (n=29) collected from beaches along with their corresponding new plastic products in markets (n=27) belonging to food, fisheries, and general use. Antioxidants were present at higher concentrations than UVSs in both plastic debris and new plastics, indicative of their high use over UVSs. Irganox 1076 and Irganox 1010 were more commonly used than other chemicals investigated. The irregular use with high concentration of additive chemicals was observed in short-term use plastic products. Except for Irganox 1076 and UV 326, most antioxidants and UVSs were relatively high in new plastics compared to corresponding plastic marine debris, implying their potential leaching or degradation during use or after disposal. The present study provides quantitative information about additive chemicals contained in plastic marine debris and their new products. These results could be useful for better understanding of environmental exposure to hazardous chemicals through plastic pollution.
authors.affiliation: Oil and POPs Research Laboratory, Korea Institute of Ocean Science and Technology, 41 Jangmok-1-gil, Geoje 53201, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Manviri
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Rani
authors.affiliation: Oil and POPs Research Laboratory, Korea Institute of Ocean Science and Technology, 41 Jangmok-1-gil, Geoje 53201, Republic of Korea; Department of Marine Environmental Sciences, Korea University of Science and Technology, 217 Gajeong-ro Daejeon 34113, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Won Joon
authors.initials: WJ
authors.lastname: Shim
authors.affiliation: Oil and POPs Research Laboratory, Korea Institute of Ocean Science and Technology, 41 Jangmok-1-gil, Geoje 53201, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Gi Myung
authors.initials: GM
authors.lastname: Han
authors.affiliation: Oil and POPs Research Laboratory, Korea Institute of Ocean Science and Technology, 41 Jangmok-1-gil, Geoje 53201, Republic of Korea; Department of Marine Environmental Sciences, Korea University of Science and Technology, 217 Gajeong-ro Daejeon 34113, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Mi
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Jang
authors.affiliation: Oil and POPs Research Laboratory, Korea Institute of Ocean Science and Technology, 41 Jangmok-1-gil, Geoje 53201, Republic of Korea; Department of Marine Environmental Sciences, Korea University of Science and Technology, 217 Gajeong-ro Daejeon 34113, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Young Kyoung
authors.initials: YK
authors.lastname: Song
authors.affiliation: Oil and POPs Research Laboratory, Korea Institute of Ocean Science and Technology, 41 Jangmok-1-gil, Geoje 53201, Republic of Korea; Department of Marine Environmental Sciences, Korea University of Science and Technology, 217 Gajeong-ro Daejeon 34113, Republic of Korea. Electronic address: shhong@kiost.ac.kr.
authors.forename: Sang Hee
authors.initials: SH
authors.lastname: Hong
mesh_terms: D000975:Antioxidants / Q000032:analysis*; D002084:Butylated Hydroxytoluene / Q000031:analogs & derivatives / Q000032:analysis; D004784:Environmental Monitoring; D010969:Plastics / Q000032:analysis*; D012623:Seawater / Q000737:chemistry; D014230:Triazoles / Q000032:analysis*; D014866:Waste Products / Q000032:analysis; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical / Q000032:analysis*
chemical_list: D000975:Antioxidants; D010969:Plastics; D014230:Triazoles; D014866:Waste Products; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical; D002084:Butylated Hydroxytoluene; C024538:Irganox 1076; C045762:Irganox 1010; C012771:benzotriazole
keywords: Additive chemicals; Antioxidants; Marine environment; Marine plastic debris; Microplastics; UV stabilizers