title: A Computer Prescribing Order Entry-Clinical Decision Support system designed for neonatal care: results of the 'preselected prescription' concept at the bedside.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The neonatal intensive care units (NICUs) are at the highest risk of drug dose error of all hospital wards. NICUs also have the most complicated prescription modalities. The computerization of the prescription process is currently recommended to decrease the risk of preventable adverse drug effects (pADEs) in NICUs. However, Computer Prescribing Order Entry-Clinical Decision Support (C.P.O.E./C.D.S.) systems have been poorly studied in NICUs, and their technical compatibility with neonatal specificities has been limited.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  We set up a performance study of the preselected prescription of drugs for neonates, which limited the role of the prescriber to choosing the drugs and their indications.
  
  
  METHODS
  A single 29 bed neonatal ward used this neonatal C.P.O.E./C.D.S. system for all prescriptions of all hospitalized newborns over an 18-month period. The preselected prescription of drugs was based on the indication, gestational age, body weight and post-natal age. The therapeutic protocols were provided by a formulary reference (330 drugs) that had been specifically designed for newborns. The preselected prescription also gave complete information about preparation and administration of drugs by nurses. The prescriber was allowed to modify the preselected prescription but alarms provided warning when the prescription was outside the recommended range. The main clinical characteristics and all items of each line of prescription were stored in a data warehouse, thus enabling this study to take place.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Seven hundred and sixty successive newborns (from 24 to 42 weeks' gestation) were prescribed 52 392 lines of prescription corresponding to 65 drugs; About 30·4% of neonates had at least one out of licensed prescription; A prescription out of the recommended range for daily dose was recorded for 1·0% of all drug prescriptions. WHAT IS NEW?: The C.P.O.E./C.D.S. systems can currently provide a complete preselected prescription in NICUs according to dose rules, which are specific to newborns and also comply with local specificities (therapeutic protocols and formulation of drugs). The role of the prescriber is limited to the choice of drugs and their indications. The prescriber still retains the possibility of modifying each item of the prescription, with all other prescription items being calculated by the C.P.O.E. system. In these conditions, the prescribers rarely modified the preselected prescription and the rate of out of range prescription was low. A multicentric study is required to confirm and extend these observations.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This study showed the feasibility of preselected prescription in NICUs and a low rate of out of range prescriptions. The preselected prescription could play a key role in lowering the dose error rate in NICUs.
authors.affiliation: Centre d'Etudes Périnatales de l'Océan Indien (EA 7388), CHU de La Réunion, Saint Pierre, La Réunion, France.
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Gouyon
authors.affiliation: Centre d'Etudes Périnatales de l'Océan Indien (EA 7388), CHU de La Réunion, Saint Pierre, La Réunion, France.
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Iacobelli
authors.affiliation: Service de médecine néonatale, CHU de Tours, Tours, France.
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Saliba
authors.affiliation: CIC 1432, CHRU de Dijon, Dijon, France.
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Quantin
authors.affiliation: Centre d'Etudes Périnatales de l'Océan Indien (EA 7388), CHU de La Réunion, Saint Pierre, La Réunion, France.
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Pignolet
authors.affiliation: CIC 1426, Pharmacologie Pédiatrique et Pharmacogénétique, Hôpital Robert Debré, Paris, France.
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Jacqz-Aigrain
authors.affiliation: Centre d'Etudes Périnatales de l'Océan Indien (EA 7388), CHU de La Réunion, Saint Pierre, La Réunion, France.
authors.forename: J B
authors.initials: JB
authors.lastname: Gouyon
mesh_terms: D020000:Decision Support Systems, Clinical / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D011307:Drug Prescriptions / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D064420:Drug-Related Side Effects and Adverse Reactions / Q000517:prevention & control*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D007363:Intensive Care Units, Neonatal / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D008297:Male; D008508:Medication Errors / Q000517:prevention & control / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D010865:Pilot Projects; D055553:Prescription Drugs / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use*
chemical_list: D055553:Prescription Drugs
keywords: Computer Prescribing Order Entry; computerized decision support; dose regimen; drug error; neonates; overdose; premature infants