title: Endothelial cell colony forming units derived from malignant breast diseases are resistant to tumor necrosis factor-α-induced apoptosis.
abstract: Mobilisation of endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs) from the bone marrow is a crucial step in the formation of de novo blood vessels, and levels of peripheral blood EPCs have been shown to be elevated in certain malignant states. Using flow cytometry and a Hill-based colony forming unit (CFU) assay, the present study indicated that higher levels of CD34 and vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 2 (VEGFR2) double-positive EPCs, as well as increased formation of endothelial cell colony-forming units (EC-CFUs) are associated with benign and malignant breast diseases, providing possible indicators for breast disease detection. Gene expression profiles revealed a genetic difference between CD34+VEGFR2+EPCs and EC-CFUs. Decreased expression of tumour necrosis factor receptor 2 (TNFR2) signalling-related genes and inhibition of tumour necrosis factor (TNF)-induced signalling were demonstrated in EC-CFUs derived from patients with malignant breast disease in comparison with those from healthy controls. Interestingly, our data provided the first evidence that EC-CFUs derived from patients with malignant breast disease were resistant to TNF-α-induced apoptosis, indicating a plausible target for future therapeutic interventions.
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, Kaohsiung Veterans General Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.|School of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan.|Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences and Biotechnology, Fooyin University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.|School of Medicine, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Chen-Pin
authors.initials: CP
authors.lastname: Chou
authors.affiliation: National Institute of Cancer Research, National Health Research Institutes, Miaoli, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Shih Sheng
authors.initials: SS
authors.lastname: Jiang
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, Kaohsiung Veterans General Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.|School of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Huay-Ben
authors.initials: HB
authors.lastname: Pan
authors.affiliation: National Institute of Cancer Research, National Health Research Institutes, Miaoli, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Yi-Chen
authors.initials: YC
authors.lastname: Yen
authors.affiliation: School of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan.|Department of Pathology, Kaohsiung Veterans General Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Hui-Hwa
authors.initials: HH
authors.lastname: Tseng
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, Kaohsiung Veterans General Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Yu-Ting
authors.initials: YT
authors.lastname: Hung
authors.affiliation: National Institute of Cancer Research, National Health Research Institutes, Miaoli, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Ssu-Han
authors.initials: SH
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: National Institute of Cancer Research, National Health Research Institutes, Miaoli, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Yu-Lin
authors.initials: YL
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.affiliation: National Institute of Cancer Research, National Health Research Institutes, Miaoli, Taiwan.|Program for Aging, Graduate Institute of Basic Medical Science, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Ya-Wen
authors.initials: YW
authors.lastname: Chen
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D018952:Antigens, CD34 / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D017209:Apoptosis / Q000187:drug effects; D001943:Breast Neoplasms / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D002285:Carcinoma, Intraductal, Noninfiltrating / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D018275:Carcinoma, Lobular / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D002291:Carcinoma, Papillary / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D003114:Colony-Forming Units Assay; D003937:Diagnosis, Differential; D060467:Disease Resistance / Q000235:genetics; D066026:Endothelial Progenitor Cells / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology; D005260:Female; D020869:Gene Expression Profiling; D015972:Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic; D006801:Humans; D006965:Hyperplasia / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D008875:Middle Aged; D061251:Primary Cell Culture; D047889:Receptors, Tumor Necrosis Factor, Type II / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D015398:Signal Transduction; D013234:Stem Cells / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000494:pharmacology; D040301:Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor Receptor-2 / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D018952:Antigens, CD34; D047889:Receptors, Tumor Necrosis Factor, Type II; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha; C000588866:KDR protein, human; D040301:Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor Receptor-2