title: Aberrant modulation of brain activation by emotional valence during self-referential processing among patients with delusions of reference.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Delusions of reference are thought to reflect abnormally heightened attributions of salience to mundane events or stimuli that lead to convictions that they are personally significant or directed at the observer. Recent findings highlight abnormal recruitment of brain regions associated with self-referential processes among patients with referential delusions. Given the inherent overlap of emotion, incentive salience, and self-relevance, as well as with aberrant thought processes in psychosis, this study investigated the implicit relations between participants' perception of the emotional valence of stimuli on neural correlates of self-referent judgments among schizophrenia-spectrum patients with referential delusions.
  
  
  METHODS
  During fMRI scanning, participants indicated whether sentences describing personal characteristics seemed to refer specifically to them. Subsequently, participants rated their perceived emotional valence of each statement.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Regression analyses revealed differential relations between groups across regions associated with self-referential processing, including prefrontal regions, anterior cingulate, insula, precuneus, and dorsal striatum. Within these regions, greater activation related to sentences rated as more positive among healthy comparison participants and more negative among patients.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The current results warrant replication and extension with larger and longitudinal samples to assess potential moderating relations of clinical and demographic individual differences.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These findings support aberrant brain activation associated with emotional and salience brain networks in schizophrenia and highlight the importance of considering specific emotional attributes (valence) in discrete domains of delusional thought (self-referential communication).
authors.affiliation: Ryerson University, Toronto, Ontario, Canada. Electronic address: tgirard@psych.ryerson.ca.
authors.forename: Todd A
authors.initials: TA
authors.lastname: Girard
authors.affiliation: Laurentian University, Sudbury, Ontario, Canada.
authors.forename: Louis
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Lakatos
authors.affiliation: University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada.
authors.forename: Mahesh
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Menon
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001921:Brain / Q000503:physiopathology*; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D003702:Delusions / Q000150:complications / Q000503:physiopathology*; D004644:Emotions / Q000502:physiology*; D005260:Female; D059907:Functional Neuroimaging; D006179:Gyrus Cinguli / Q000503:physiopathology*; D006801:Humans; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D012559:Schizophrenia / Q000150:complications / Q000503:physiopathology*; D012565:Schizophrenic Psychology; D012649:Self Concept; D055815:Young Adult
keywords: Emotional valence; Psychosis; Referential delusions; Schizophrenia-spectrum disorders; Self-reference; fMRI