title: Vancomycin microspheres reduce postoperative spine infection in an in vivo rabbit model.
abstract: Surgical site infections are common and devastating complications after implants related surgeries. Staphylococcus aureus contamination is a leading cause of surgical site infections. This study aims at assessing the effect of vancomycin microspheres on reducing Staphylococcus aureus infection in an in vivo rabbit model.
  
  
  
  Sixty surgical sites of 20 New Zealand White rabbits underwent spinal implant were randomly divided to three groups: the control group, the vancomycin group and vancomycin microspheres group. The surgical sites were incubated with 100 μl 1 × 107CFU S. aureus ATCC 25923. Prior to closure, vancomycin and vancomycin microspheres were placed into the wounds of the rabbits in the vancomycin group and the vancomycin microspheres group, respectively. The rabbits were killed on postoperative day 7. Standard quantification techniques were used to analyze biomaterial centered and soft tissue bacterial growth. The bacteria were further confirmed by PCR with primers from the thermostable nuclease gene of S. aureus.
  
  
  
  All the rabbits survived the surgery and no postoperative wound complications or systemic illness occurred. Results showed that the bacterial cultures were 76.9, 30.8, and 15.4% in the control group, vancomycin group, and vancomycin microspheres group. Vancomycin microspheres treatments significantly decreased the infection rate compared to the control group (p < 0.05).
  
  
  
  Vancomycin microspheres combined with preoperative ceftriaxone is effective to reduce postoperative S. aureus infection compared with the control group.
authors.affiliation: Tianjin Hospital, Jiefangnan Road 406, Tianjin, 300210, China.|Tianjin Medical University, Qixiangtai Road 22, Tianjin, 300070, China.
authors.forename: Gang
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.affiliation: Tianjin Hospital, Jiefangnan Road 406, Tianjin, 300210, China.|Tianjin Medical University, Qixiangtai Road 22, Tianjin, 300070, China.
authors.forename: Si
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.affiliation: College of bioscience and biotechnology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, Hunan, 410128, China.
authors.forename: Jun
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Fang
authors.affiliation: Tianjin Hospital, Jiefangnan Road 406, Tianjin, 300210, China.|Tianjin Medical University, Qixiangtai Road 22, Tianjin, 300070, China.
authors.forename: Baoshan
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Xu
authors.affiliation: Tianjin Hospital, Jiefangnan Road 406, Tianjin, 300210, China.
authors.forename: Shuang
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: Tianjin Hospital, Jiefangnan Road 406, Tianjin, 300210, China.
authors.forename: Yonghong
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Hao
authors.affiliation: Department of Botany and Microbiology, Addiriyah Chair for Environmental Studies, College of Science, King Saud University, P.O.Box.2455, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia.
authors.forename: Naif A
authors.initials: NA
authors.lastname: Al-Dhabi
authors.affiliation: Tianjin Hospital, Jiefangnan Road 406, Tianjin, 300210, China. shucaideng2005@163.com.|Tianjin Medical University, Qixiangtai Road 22, Tianjin, 300070, China. shucaideng2005@163.com.
authors.forename: Shucai
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Deng
authors.affiliation: Department of Botany and Microbiology, Addiriyah Chair for Environmental Studies, College of Science, King Saud University, P.O.Box.2455, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia.
authors.forename: Veeramuthu
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Duraipandiyan
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D005260:Female; D008863:Microspheres; D011817:Rabbits; D011897:Random Allocation; D013116:Spinal Cord / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery; D013203:Staphylococcal Infections / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000473:pathology; D013211:Staphylococcus aureus / Q000187:drug effects; D013530:Surgical Wound Infection / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000473:pathology; D014640:Vancomycin / Q000008:administration & dosage*
chemical_list: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents; D014640:Vancomycin
keywords: Staphylococcus aureus; Surgical site infections; Vancomycin microspheres