title: Studies using concentric ring bifocal and peripheral add multifocal contact lenses to slow myopia progression in school-aged children: a meta-analysis.
abstract: To evaluate the effect of soft contact lens with concentric ring bifocal and peripheral add multifocal designs on controlling myopia progression in school-aged children.
  
  
  
  We systematically searched MEDLINE, EMBASE, Cochrane Library and reference lists of included trials. Methodological quality of included trials was assessed using Jadad Scale and Newcastle-Ottawa Quality Assessment Scale items.
  
  
  
  We identified five randomised controlled trials (RCTs) and three cohort studies with a total of 587 myopic children. Compared with the control group, concentric ring bifocal soft contact lenses showed less myopia progression with a weighted mean difference (WMD) of 0.31 D (95% CI, 0.05~0.57 D, p = 0.02) and less axial elongation with a WMD of -0.12 mm (95% CI, approximately -0.18 to -0.07 mm, p < 0.0001) at 12 months. Relative to the control group, peripheral add multifocal soft contact lenses showed less myopia progression with a WMD of 0.22 D (95% CI 0.14~0.31 D, p < 0.0001) and less axial elongation of -0.10 mm (95% CI -0.13~0.07 mm, p < 0.0001) at 12 months, respectively. The soft contact lenses with concentric ring bifocal and peripheral add multifocal designs produced additional myopia control rates of 30~38% for slowing myopia progression and 31~51% for lessening axial elongation within 24 months.
  
  
  
  Both concentric ring bifocal and peripheral add multifocal soft contact lenses are clinically effective for controlling myopia in school-aged children, with an overall myopia control rates of 30~50% over 2 years. Concentric ring bifocal soft contact lenses seem to have greater effect than peripheral add multifocal soft contact lenses.
authors.affiliation: Beijing Tongren Eye Center, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Beijing Ophthalmology & Visual Science Key Lab, Beijing Institute of Ophthalmology, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.
authors.forename: Shi-Ming
authors.initials: SM
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: Beijing Tongren Eye Center, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Beijing Ophthalmology & Visual Science Key Lab, Beijing Institute of Ophthalmology, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.
authors.forename: Meng-Tian
authors.initials: MT
authors.lastname: Kang
authors.affiliation: National Clinical Research Center for Digestive Diseases, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.
authors.forename: Shan-Shan
authors.initials: SS
authors.lastname: Wu
authors.affiliation: National Clinical Research Center for Digestive Diseases, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.
authors.forename: Bo
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Meng
authors.affiliation: Beijing Tongren Eye Center, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Beijing Ophthalmology & Visual Science Key Lab, Beijing Institute of Ophthalmology, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.
authors.forename: Yun-Yun
authors.initials: YY
authors.lastname: Sun
authors.affiliation: Beijing Tongren Eye Center, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Beijing Ophthalmology & Visual Science Key Lab, Beijing Institute of Ophthalmology, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.
authors.forename: Shi-Fei
authors.initials: SF
authors.lastname: Wei
authors.affiliation: Anyang Eye Hospital, Henan Province, China.
authors.forename: Luoru
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.affiliation: Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.
authors.forename: Xiaoxia
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Peng
authors.affiliation: Beijing Tongren Eye Center, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Beijing Ophthalmology & Visual Science Key Lab, Beijing Institute of Ophthalmology, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.|Lakewood Eye Care, Houston, USA.
authors.forename: Zhuo
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.affiliation: Beijing Tongren Eye Center, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Beijing Ophthalmology & Visual Science Key Lab, Beijing Institute of Ophthalmology, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.
authors.forename: Fengju
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: Beijing Tongren Eye Center, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Beijing Ophthalmology & Visual Science Key Lab, Beijing Institute of Ophthalmology, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.
authors.forename: Ningli
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Wang
mesh_terms: D002648:Child; D003261:Contact Lenses; D018450:Disease Progression; D004867:Equipment Design; D006801:Humans; D047728:Myopia, Degenerative / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000628:therapy*; D012029:Refraction, Ocular / Q000502:physiology*; D014792:Visual Acuity
keywords: children; meta-analysis; myopia; soft contact lens