title: Development of a rapid, one-step screening method for the isolation of presumptive proteolytic enterococci.
abstract: Enterococci show higher proteolytic activities than other lactic acid bacteria and thus have received considerable attention in scientific literature in recent years. Proteolytic enzymes of enterococci have warranted the use of some species as starter, adjuncts or protective cultures and as probiotics, while in some strains they have also been linked with virulence. Consequently, the isolation and identification of proteolytic enterococci is becoming of increasing interest and importance. However, current screening methods for proteolytic enterococci can be time consuming, requiring a two-step procedure which may take up to 96h. This study describes a method, utilising Kanamycin Skim Milk Aesculin Azide (KSMEA) agar, for the isolation of proteolytic enterococci in one-step, thereby significantly reducing screening time. KSMEA combines the selective properties of Kanamycin Aesculin Azide Agar (KAA) with skim milk powder for the detection of proteolytic enterococci. Enterococci produced colonies with a black halo on KSMEA which were accompanied by a zone of clearing in the media when enterococci were proteolytic. KSMEA medium retained the selectivity of KAA, while proteolytic enterococci were easily distinguished from non-proteolytic enterococci when two known strains were propagated on KSMEA. KSMEA also proved effective at isolating and detecting enterococci in raw milk, faeces and soil. Isolates recovered from the screen were confirmed as enterococci using genus-specific primers. Proteolytic enterococci were present in the raw milk sample only and were easily distinguishable from non-proteolytic enterococci and other microorganisms. Therefore, KSMEA provides a rapid, one-step screening method for the isolation of presumptive proteolytic enterococci.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biological Sciences, Cork Institute of Technology, Co. Cork, Ireland; Teagasc, Dairy Products Research Centre, Moorepark, Fermoy, Co. Cork, Ireland. Electronic address: ken.graham@mycit.ie.
authors.forename: Ken
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Graham
authors.affiliation: Department of Biological Sciences, Cork Institute of Technology, Co. Cork, Ireland. Electronic address: rosemary.rea@cit.ie.
authors.forename: Rosemary
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Rea
authors.affiliation: Teagasc, Dairy Products Research Centre, Moorepark, Fermoy, Co. Cork, Ireland. Electronic address: paul.simpson@teagasc.ie.
authors.forename: Paul
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Simpson
authors.affiliation: Department of Biological Sciences, Cork Institute of Technology, Co. Cork, Ireland. Electronic address: helena.stack@cit.ie.
authors.forename: Helena
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Stack
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001431:Bacteriological Techniques; D015169:Colony Count, Microbial; D003470:Culture Media; D016983:Enterococcus / Q000145:classification / Q000235:genetics* / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D005243:Feces / Q000382:microbiology; D008892:Milk / Q000382:microbiology; D059748:Proteolysis; D012336:RNA, Ribosomal, 16S / Q000235:genetics / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D017422:Sequence Analysis, DNA; D012988:Soil Microbiology
chemical_list: D003470:Culture Media; D012336:RNA, Ribosomal, 16S
keywords: Aesculin; Enterococcus; Lactic acid bacteria (LAB); Milk; Proteolytic; Selective agar