title: Krasilnikoviella muralis gen. nov., sp. nov., a member of the family Promicromonosporaceae, isolated from the Takamatsuzuka Tumulus stone chamber interior and reclassification of Promicromonospora flava as Krasilnikoviella flava comb. nov.
abstract: A Gram-stain-positive, facultatively anaerobic actinomycete, designated strain T6220-5-2bT, was isolated from a sample taken from a mouldy spot on the surface of a mural painting (the white tiger, Byakko) inside the stone chamber of Takamatsuzuka Tumulus in Asuka village, Nara Prefecture, Japan. Based on 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis of the isolate, it was closely related to the genus Promicromonospora, but formed of a novel lineage within the family Promicromonosporaceae. The closest related species to strain T6220-5-2bT was Promicromonospora flava, with which it shared 99.1 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity. The isoprenoid quinone systems were menaquinones MK-9(H2), MK-9(H0) and MK-9(H4). The predominant cellular fatty acids for the isolate were anteiso-C15 : 0 and iso-C15 : 0. The peptidoglycan contained glutamic acid, aspartic acid, alanine and lysine, with the last named being the diagnostic diamino acid. The cell-wall acyl type was acetyl. The major polar lipids of the isolate were phosphatidylglycerol, diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylinositol, phosphatidylinositolmannoside, two unknown phospholipids and an unknown phosphoglycolipid. Whole-cell sugars of the isolate were galactose, glucose and ribose. The DNA G+C content of the genomic DNA was 75.2 mol%. Based on the results of phylogenetic, physiological and biochemical analyses and DNA-DNA hybridization experiments, the isolate was considered to represent a novel species of a new genus in the family Promicromonosporaceae, for which the name Krasilnikoviella muralis gen. nov., sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain of Krasilnikoviella muralis is T6220-5-2bT (=JCM 28789T=NCIMB 15040T). The reclassification of Promicromonospora flava as Krasilnikoviella flava comb. nov. is also proposed with the emended description of this species.
authors.affiliation: Technical Department, TechnoSuruga Laboratory Co. Ltd, 330 Nagasaki, Shimizu-ku, Shizuoka-shi, Shizuoka 424-0065, Japan.
authors.forename: Miyuki
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Nishijima
authors.affiliation: Technical Department, TechnoSuruga Laboratory Co. Ltd, 330 Nagasaki, Shimizu-ku, Shizuoka-shi, Shizuoka 424-0065, Japan.
authors.forename: Nozomi
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Tazato
authors.affiliation: Present address: CAF Laboratories Inc., 1257-1 Michinoue-Kannabe-cho, Fukuyama, Hiroshima 720-2104, Japan.|Technical Department, TechnoSuruga Laboratory Co. Ltd, 330 Nagasaki, Shimizu-ku, Shizuoka-shi, Shizuoka 424-0065, Japan.
authors.forename: Yutaka
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Handa
authors.affiliation: Technical Department, TechnoSuruga Laboratory Co. Ltd, 330 Nagasaki, Shimizu-ku, Shizuoka-shi, Shizuoka 424-0065, Japan.
authors.forename: Nao
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Umekawa
authors.affiliation: Present address: Museum Science Division, Kyushu National Museum, 4-7-2 Ishizaka, Dazaifu-shi, Fukuoka 808-0118, Japan.|Independent Administrative Institution, Tokyo National Research Institute for Cultural Properties, 13-43 Ueno-Koen, Taito-ku, Tokyo 110-8713, Japan.
authors.forename: Rika
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Kigawa
authors.affiliation: Independent Administrative Institution, Tokyo National Research Institute for Cultural Properties, 13-43 Ueno-Koen, Taito-ku, Tokyo 110-8713, Japan.
authors.forename: Chie
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Sano
authors.affiliation: TechnoSuruga Laboratory Co., Ltd, Chiba Branch Office & Lab, 3-1532-13 Hasama-cho, Funabashi-shi, Chiba 274-0822, Japan.
authors.forename: Junta
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Sugiyama
mesh_terms: D000192:Actinomycetales / Q000145:classification* / Q000235:genetics / Q000302:isolation & purification; D015373:Bacterial Typing Techniques; D001482:Base Composition; D004269:DNA, Bacterial / Q000235:genetics; D005227:Fatty Acids / Q000737:chemistry; D007564:Japan; D009693:Nucleic Acid Hybridization; D010151:Paintings; D010457:Peptidoglycan / Q000737:chemistry; D010743:Phospholipids / Q000737:chemistry; D010802:Phylogeny; D012336:RNA, Ribosomal, 16S / Q000235:genetics; D017422:Sequence Analysis, DNA; D024482:Vitamin K 2 / Q000031:analogs & derivatives / Q000737:chemistry
chemical_list: D004269:DNA, Bacterial; D005227:Fatty Acids; D010457:Peptidoglycan; D010743:Phospholipids; D012336:RNA, Ribosomal, 16S; D024482:Vitamin K 2; C073355:menaquinone 9