title: The effect of vitamin D administration on serum leptin and adiponectin levels in end-stage renal disease patients on hemodialysis with vitamin D deficiency: A placebo-controlled double-blind clinical trial.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The prevalence of vitamin D deficiency is higher in end-stage renal disease (ESRD) patients compared to healthy populations. This deficiency could lead to several complications with different mechanisms and might result in reduced survival in patients. Leptin and adiponectin are messenger proteins with endocrine secretion from adipocytes and various effects in cellular mechanisms. The goal of this study was to find the effect of vitamin D administration on serum levels of leptin and adiponectin in ESRD patients.
  
  
  METHODS
  This double-blind randomized placebo-controlled clinical trial was carried out on 64 ESRD patients on hemodialysis in the Amin and Noor hospitals of Isfahan, Iran. Patients were categorized into two groups, on control and intervention; serum levels of vitamin D, leptin, and adiponectin were measured in both groups before and after the study. The intervention group was treated with vitamin D pearls, while the control group received placebo in the same manner.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The mean [standard deviation (SD)] ages of the patients were 62 (21) years and 60 (19) years in the control and treated groups, respectively.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The change in serum level of vitamin D was statistically significant in the treatment group but not in the control group. The serum level of leptin was reduced in the treatment group, while the serum level of adiponectin increased significantly, but none of these changes were statistically significant in the control group. This study showed that vitamin D administration is associated with an increase in adiponectin and a decrease in leptin level in ESRD patients.
authors.affiliation: Department of Nephrology, Division of Nephropathology, Nour Medical, Educational and Therapeutic Center, Isfahan, Iran.
authors.forename: Afsoon Emami
authors.initials: AE
authors.lastname: Naini
authors.affiliation: Department of Nephrology, Division of Nephropathology, Nour Medical, Educational and Therapeutic Center, Isfahan, Iran.
authors.forename: Sahar
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Vahdat
authors.affiliation: Department of Nephrology, Division of Nephropathology, Nour Medical, Educational and Therapeutic Center, Isfahan, Iran.
authors.forename: Zahra Parin
authors.initials: ZP
authors.lastname: Hedaiati
authors.affiliation: Department of Internal Medicine, Isfahan Medical Students Research Center (ISRC), Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran.
authors.forename: Safoura
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Shahzeidi
authors.affiliation: Student of Medicine, Isfahan Medical Students Research Center (ISRC), Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran.
authors.forename: Amir Hossein
authors.initials: AH
authors.lastname: Pezeshki
authors.affiliation: Department of Nephrology, Division of Nephropathology, Nour Medical, Educational and Therapeutic Center, Isfahan, Iran.
authors.forename: Hamid
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Nasri
keywords: Adiponectin; chronic kidney disease (CKD); end-stage renal disease (ESRD); leptin; vitamin D deficiency