title: Effect of Six-Month Diet Intervention on Sleep among Overweight and Obese Men with Chronic Insomnia Symptoms: A Randomized Controlled Trial.
abstract: Growing evidence suggests that diet alteration affects sleep, but this has not yet been studied in adults with insomnia symptoms. We aimed to determine the effect of a six-month diet intervention on sleep among overweight and obese (Body mass index, BMI ≥ 25 kg/m²) men with chronic insomnia symptoms. Forty-nine men aged 30-65 years with chronic insomnia symptoms were randomized into diet (n= 28) or control (n= 21) groups. The diet group underwent a six-month individualized diet intervention with three face-to-face counseling sessions and online supervision 1-3 times per week; 300-500 kcal/day less energy intake and optimized nutrient composition were recommended. Controls were instructed to maintain their habitual lifestyle. Sleep parameters were determined by piezoelectric bed sensors, a sleep diary, and a Basic Nordic sleep questionnaire. Compared to the controls, the diet group had shorter objective sleep onset latency after intervention. Within the diet group, prolonged objective total sleep time, improved objective sleep efficiency, lower depression score, less subjective nocturnal awakenings, and nocturia were found after intervention. In conclusion, modest energy restriction and optimized nutrient composition shorten sleep onset latency in overweight and obese men with insomnia symptoms.
authors.affiliation: Exercise Health and Technology Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China. xiao.tan@jyu.fi.|Department of Health Sciences, University of Jyväskylä, Jyväskylä 40014, Finland. xiao.tan@jyu.fi.
authors.forename: Xiao
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Tan
authors.affiliation: Department of Health Sciences, University of Jyväskylä, Jyväskylä 40014, Finland. markku.alen@jyu.fi.|Department of Medical Rehabilitation, Oulu University Hospital and Center for Life Course Health Research, University of Oulu, Oulu 90220, Finland. markku.alen@jyu.fi.
authors.forename: Markku
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Alén
authors.affiliation: Exercise Health and Technology Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China. wangkunz@sjtu.edu.cn.
authors.forename: Kun
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: Department of Health Sciences, University of Jyväskylä, Jyväskylä 40014, Finland. tenhujar@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Jarkko
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Tenhunen
authors.affiliation: Exercise Health and Technology Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China. petri.wiklund@jyu.fi.|Department of Health Sciences, University of Jyväskylä, Jyväskylä 40014, Finland. petri.wiklund@jyu.fi.
authors.forename: Petri
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Wiklund
authors.affiliation: VitalMed Research Center, Helsinki Sleep Clinic and Department of Neurosciences, University of Helsinki, Helsinki 00380, Finland. markku.partinen@helsinki.fi.
authors.forename: Markku
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Partinen
authors.affiliation: Exercise Health and Technology Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China. sulin.cheng@jyu.fi.|Department of Health Sciences, University of Jyväskylä, Jyväskylä 40014, Finland. sulin.cheng@jyu.fi.
authors.forename: Sulin
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Cheng
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D015992:Body Mass Index; D031204:Caloric Restriction; D003376:Counseling; D004038:Diet, Reducing; D005387:Finland; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D015596:Nutrition Assessment; D009752:Nutritional Status; D009753:Nutritive Value; D009765:Obesity / Q000150:complications / Q000178:diet therapy* / Q000503:physiopathology; D011930:Reaction Time; D012890:Sleep; D007319:Sleep Initiation and Maintenance Disorders / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000209:etiology / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000517:prevention & control*; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D013997:Time Factors; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D015431:Weight Loss
keywords: diet intervention; insomnia symptoms; nutrient; obesity; overweight; sleep; sleep onset