title: Calcium phosphate nanoparticles functionalized with alendronate-conjugated polyethylene glycol (PEG) for the treatment of bone metastasis.
abstract: Because of the peculiarity of the bone microstructure, the uptake of chemotherapeutics often happens at non-targeted sites, which induces side effects. In order to solve this problem, we designed a bone-targeting drug delivery system that can release drug exclusively in the nidus of the bone. Alendronate (ALN), which has a high ability to target to hydroxyapatite, was used to fabricate double ALN-conjugated poly (ethylene glycol) 2000 material (ALN-PEG2k-ALN). The ALN-PEG2k-ALN was characterized using1H NMR and31P NMR and FTIR. ALN-PEG2k-ALN-modified calcium phosphate nanoparticles (APA-CPNPs) with an ALN targeting moiety and hydrophilic poly (ethylene glycol) arms tiled on the surface was prepared for bone-targeted drug delivery. The distribution of ALN-PEG2k-ALN was tested by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. Isothermal titration calorimetry data indicated that similar to free ALN, both ALN-PEG2k-ALN and APA-CPNPs can bind to calcium ions. The bone-binding ability of APA-CPNPs was verified via ex vivo imaging of bone fragments. An in vitro release experiment demonstrated that APA-CPNPs can release drug faster in an acid environment than a neutral environment. Cell viability experiments indicated that blank APA-CPNPs possessed excellent biocompatibility with normal cells. Methotrexate (MTX) loaded APA-CPNPs have the same ability to inhibit cancer cells as free drug at high concentrations, while they are slightly weaker at low concentrations. All of these experiments verified the prospective application of APA-CPNPs as a bone-targeting drug delivery system.
authors.affiliation: School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510006, People's Republic of China; Department of Pharmacy, Quanzhou Medical College, Quanzhou, 362100, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Weijing
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Chu
authors.affiliation: School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510006, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Yanjuan
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Huang
authors.affiliation: School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510006, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Chanzhen
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.affiliation: School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510006, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Yunhui
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Liao
authors.affiliation: School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510006, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Xuefei
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510006, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Mina
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Yan
authors.affiliation: School of Traditional Medicine, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, 51006, People's Republic of China. Electronic address: cuishengmiao@qq.com.
authors.forename: Shengmiao
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Cui
authors.affiliation: School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510006, People's Republic of China. Electronic address: zhaocs@mail.sysu.edu.cn.
authors.forename: Chunshun
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Zhao
mesh_terms: D019386:Alendronate / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000378:metabolism; D000818:Animals; D000964:Antimetabolites, Antineoplastic / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000493:pharmacokinetics / Q000494:pharmacology; D001859:Bone Neoplasms / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000556:secondary; D002130:Calcium Phosphates / Q000737:chemistry*; D002460:Cell Line; D045744:Cell Line, Tumor; D002470:Cell Survival / Q000187:drug effects; D004337:Drug Carriers / Q000737:chemistry; D016503:Drug Delivery Systems; D017886:Durapatite / Q000378:metabolism; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008727:Methotrexate / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000493:pharmacokinetics / Q000494:pharmacology; D051379:Mice; D053758:Nanoparticles; D056951:Photoelectron Spectroscopy; D011092:Polyethylene Glycols / Q000737:chemistry; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D014018:Tissue Distribution
chemical_list: D000964:Antimetabolites, Antineoplastic; D002130:Calcium Phosphates; D004337:Drug Carriers; D011092:Polyethylene Glycols; D017886:Durapatite; C020243:calcium phosphate; D019386:Alendronate; D008727:Methotrexate
keywords: Alendronate; Bone metastasis; Bone targeting; Calcium phosphate nanoparticle