title: Moisture Sensitivity, Optical, Mechanical and Structural Properties of Whey Protein-Based Edible Films Incorporated with Rapeseed Oil.
abstract: The objective of this work is to study the effect of the rapeseed oil content on the physical properties of whey protein emulsion films. For this purpose, whey protein films with the addition of 0, 1, 2 and 3% of rapeseed oil, and glycerol as a plasticizer were obtained by the casting method. Film-forming emulsions were evaluated and compared using light scattering granulometry. The Sauter mean diameters (d32) of lipid droplets in film-forming solutions showed an increasing trend when increasing the oil volume fractions. The inclusion of rapeseed oil enhanced the hydrophobic character of whey protein films, reducing moisture content and film solubility in water. All emulsified films showed high lightness (L*≈90). Parametera* decreased and parameterb*and total colour difference (∆E) increased with the increase of the volume fractions of oil. These results were consistent with visual observations; control films were transparent and those containing oil opaque. Water vapour sorption experimental data at the full range of water activity values from 0.11 to 0.93 were well described with Peleg's equation (R2≥0.99). The tensile strength, Young's modulus and elongation at break increased with the increase of rapeseed oil volume fraction, which could be explained by interactions between lipids and the protein matrix. These results revealed that rapeseed oil has enormous potential to be incorporated into whey protein to make edible film or coating for some food products. The mechanical resistance decreased with the addition of the lipids, and the opacity and soluble matter content increased.
authors.affiliation: Department of Food Engineering and Process Management, Faculty of Food Sciences, Warsaw University of Life Sciences-SGGW (WULS-SGGW), 159c Nowoursynowska St., PL-02-776 Warsaw, Poland.
authors.forename: Sabina
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Galus
authors.affiliation: Department of Food Engineering and Process Management, Faculty of Food Sciences, Warsaw University of Life Sciences-SGGW (WULS-SGGW), 159c Nowoursynowska St., PL-02-776 Warsaw, Poland.
authors.forename: Justyna
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Kadzińska
keywords: edible films; emulsion; rapeseed oil; water vapour sorption; whey protein