title: Epidemiologic analysis: Prophylaxis and multidrug-resistance in surgery.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Surgical site infection is defined as an infection related to the surgical procedure in the area of manipulation occurring within the first 30 postoperative days. The diagnostic criteria include: purulent drainage, isolation of microorganisms, and signs of infection.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To describe the epidemiologic characteristics and differences among the types of prophylactic regimens associated with hospital-acquired infections at the general surgery service of a tertiary care hospital.
  
  
  METHODS
  The electronic case records of patients that underwent general surgery at a tertiary care hospital within the time frame of January 1, 2013 and December 31, 2014 were reviewed. A convenience sample of 728 patients was established and divided into the following groups: Group 1: n=728 for the epidemiologic study; Group 2: n=638 for the evaluation of antimicrobial prophylaxis; and Group 3: n=50 for the evaluation of multidrug-resistant bacterial strains in the intensive care unit. The statistical analysis was carried out with the SPSS 19 program, using the Mann-Whitney U test and the chi-square test.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A total of 728 procedures were performed (65.9% were elective surgeries). Three hundred twelve of the patients were males and 416 were females. Only 3.98% of the patients complied with the recommended antimicrobial prophylaxis, and multidrug-resistant bacterial strains were found in the intensive care unit.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  A single prophylactic dose is effective, but adherence to this recommendation was not adequate.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The prophylactic guidelines are not strictly adhered to in our environment. There was a significant association between the development of nosocomial infections from multidrug-resistant germs and admission to the intensive care unit.
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Cirugía Gastrointestinal, Hospital Ángeles del Pedregal, Ciudad de México, México; Departamento de Cirugía General, Universidad la Salle, Ciudad de México, México. Electronic address: solistellez@hotmail.com.
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Solís-Téllez
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Cirugía General, Hospital Central Sur, PEMEX, Ciudad de México, México.
authors.forename: E E
authors.initials: EE
authors.lastname: Mondragón-Pinzón
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Cirugía General, Hospital Regional de Alta Especialidad de Ixtapaluca, Ixtapaluca, México.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Ramírez-Marino
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Infectología, Hospital Central Sur, PEMEX, Ciudad de México, México.
authors.forename: F R
authors.initials: FR
authors.lastname: Espinoza-López
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Infectología, Hospital Central Sur, PEMEX, Ciudad de México, México.
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Domínguez-Sosa
authors.affiliation: Centro de Desarrollo Biomédico, Mérida, México.
authors.forename: J F
authors.initials: JF
authors.lastname: Rubio-Suarez
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Cirugía Gastrointestinal, Hospital Ángeles del Pedregal, Ciudad de México, México.
authors.forename: R D
authors.initials: RD
authors.lastname: Romero-Morelos
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use; D019072:Antibiotic Prophylaxis; D024901:Drug Resistance, Multiple, Bacterial; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D013530:Surgical Wound Infection / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000382:microbiology* / Q000517:prevention & control; D062606:Tertiary Care Centers
chemical_list: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents
keywords: Antibiotic; Antibiótico; Cirugía; Critical patient; Infección de herida quirúrgica; Paciente critico; Profilaxis; Prophylaxis; Resistance; Resistencia; Surgery; Surgical wound infection