title: Sports injuries and illnesses in the Lillehammer 2016 Youth Olympic Winter Games.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Injury and illness surveillance during high-level youth sports events is an important first step in health prevention and caretaking of the young elite athletes.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To analyse injuries and illnesses that occurred during the 10 days 2nd Youth Olympic Winter Games (YOG), held in Lillehammer 2016.
  
  
  METHODS
  We recorded the daily occurrence (or non-occurrence) of injuries and illnesses through the reporting of (1) all National Olympic Committee (NOC) medical teams and (2) the polyclinic and medical venues by the Lillehammer Organising Committee (LYOCOG) medical staff.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In total, 1083 athletes (48 double-starters), 46% (n=502) of them females, from 70 NOCs were registered in the study. NOCs and LYOCOG reported 108 injuries and 81 illnesses, equalling to 9.5 injuries and 7.2 illnesses per 100 athletes. The percentage of injured athletes was highest in the snowboard and ski slopestyle and cross disciplines, alpine skiing and skeleton, and lowest in the Nordic skiing disciplines. Approximately, two-thirds of the injuries (n=71, 65.7%) prevented the athlete from training or competition, while 10 injuries (9.3%) were registered with an estimated absence from sport for >7 days. The rate of illness was highest in curling and the Nordic skiing disciplines with most of them being respiratory tract infections (81.5%).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Overall, 9% of the athletes incurred at least one injury during the games, and 7% an illness, which is similar to the first YOG in Innsbruck 2012 and slightly lower compared with previous Winter Olympic Games. The incidence of injuries and illnesses varied substantially between sports.
authors.affiliation: Department of Sports Medicine, Oslo Sports Trauma Research Center, Norwegian School of Sport Sciences, Oslo, Norway.|Medical and Scientific Department, International Olympic Committee, Lausanne, Switzerland.
authors.forename: Kathrin
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Steffen
authors.affiliation: Department of Sports Medicine, Oslo Sports Trauma Research Center, Norwegian School of Sport Sciences, Oslo, Norway.|University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.
authors.forename: Christine Holm
authors.initials: CH
authors.lastname: Moseid
authors.affiliation: Department of Sports Medicine, Oslo Sports Trauma Research Center, Norwegian School of Sport Sciences, Oslo, Norway.|Medical and Scientific Department, International Olympic Committee, Lausanne, Switzerland.
authors.forename: Lars
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Engebretsen
authors.affiliation: Lillehammer Youth Olympic Games Organizing Committee, Lillehammer, Norway.
authors.forename: Pia K
authors.initials: PK
authors.lastname: Søberg
authors.affiliation: Lillehammer Youth Olympic Games Organizing Committee, Lillehammer, Norway.
authors.forename: Olav
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Amundsen
authors.affiliation: Lillehammer Youth Olympic Games Organizing Committee, Lillehammer, Norway.|Innlandet Hospital Trust, Lillehammer, Norway.
authors.forename: Kristian
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Holm
authors.affiliation: Lillehammer Youth Olympic Games Organizing Committee, Lillehammer, Norway.|Innlandet Hospital Trust, Lillehammer, Norway.
authors.forename: Thomas
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Moger
authors.affiliation: Medical and Scientific Department, International Olympic Committee, Lausanne, Switzerland.
authors.forename: Torbjørn
authors.identifier: http://orcid.org/0000-0001-8863-4574
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Soligard
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D056352:Athletes; D001265:Athletic Injuries / Q000453:epidemiology*; D005260:Female; D005767:Gastrointestinal Diseases / Q000453:epidemiology; D006801:Humans; D015994:Incidence; D008297:Male; D009664:Norway / Q000453:epidemiology; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012141:Respiratory Tract Infections / Q000453:epidemiology*; D038161:Snow Sports / Q000293:injuries*; D013178:Sports Medicine / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*
keywords: Athlete; Illness; Injuries; Surveillance; Young