title: Anti-Helicobacter pylorieffect of CaG-NANA, a new sialic acid derivative.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To investigate the bactericidal effects of calcium chelated N-acetylneuraminic acid-glycomacropeptide (CaG-NANA) againstHelicobacter pylori(H. pylori).
  
  
  METHODS
  For manufacture of CaG-NANA, calcium (Ca) was combined with glycomacropeptide (GMP) by chelating, and N-acetylneuraminic acid (NANA) was produced with Ca-GMP substrate by an enzymatic method. The final concentration of each component was 5% Ca, 7% NANA, 85% GMP, and 3% water. Forin vitrostudy, various concentrations of CaG-NANA were investigated under the minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC). Forin vivostudy, CaG-NANA was administered orally for 3 wk afterH. pyloriinfection. The levels of inflammatory cytokines in blood were analyzed by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and eradication ofH. pyloriwas assessed by histological observation.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The time-kill curves showed a persistent decrease in cell numbers, which depended on the dose of CaG-NANA, and MIC of CaG-NANA againstH. pyloriwas 0.5%in vitro. Histopathologic observation revealed no obvious inflammation or pathologic changes in the gastric mucosa in the CaG-NANA treatment groupin vivo. The colonization ofH. pyloriwas reduced after CaG-NANA treatment. The levels of interleukin (IL)-6, IL-1β, tumor necrosis factor-α, and IL-10 were also decreased by CaG-NANA.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  CaG-NANA demonstrates effective anti-bactericidal activity againstH. pyloribothin vitroandin vivo.
authors.affiliation: Yun-Hee Rhee, Hyun-Jeong Ku, Jin-Chul Ahn, Beckman Laser Institute Korea, Dankook University, Chungnam 31116, South Korea.
authors.forename: Yun-Hee
authors.initials: YH
authors.lastname: Rhee
authors.affiliation: Yun-Hee Rhee, Hyun-Jeong Ku, Jin-Chul Ahn, Beckman Laser Institute Korea, Dankook University, Chungnam 31116, South Korea.
authors.forename: Hyun-Jeong
authors.initials: HJ
authors.lastname: Ku
authors.affiliation: Yun-Hee Rhee, Hyun-Jeong Ku, Jin-Chul Ahn, Beckman Laser Institute Korea, Dankook University, Chungnam 31116, South Korea.
authors.forename: Hye-Ji
authors.initials: HJ
authors.lastname: Noh
authors.affiliation: Yun-Hee Rhee, Hyun-Jeong Ku, Jin-Chul Ahn, Beckman Laser Institute Korea, Dankook University, Chungnam 31116, South Korea.
authors.forename: Hyang-Hyun
authors.initials: HH
authors.lastname: Cho
authors.affiliation: Yun-Hee Rhee, Hyun-Jeong Ku, Jin-Chul Ahn, Beckman Laser Institute Korea, Dankook University, Chungnam 31116, South Korea.
authors.forename: Hee-Kyong
authors.initials: HK
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.affiliation: Yun-Hee Rhee, Hyun-Jeong Ku, Jin-Chul Ahn, Beckman Laser Institute Korea, Dankook University, Chungnam 31116, South Korea.
authors.forename: Jin-Chul
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: Ahn
keywords: Calcium chealated N-acetylneuraminic acid-glycomacropeptide; Helicobacter pylori