title: Camera-tracking gaming control device for evaluation of active wrist flexion and extension.
abstract: METHODS
  Cross sectional.
  
  
  BACKGROUND
  Measuring wrist range of motion (ROM) is an essential procedure in hand therapy clinics.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To test the reliability and validity of a dynamic ROM assessment, the Camera Wrist Tracker (CWT).
  
  
  METHODS
  Wrist flexion and extension ROM of 15 patients with distal radius fractures and 15 matched controls were assessed with the CWT and with a universal goniometer.
  
  
  RESULTS
  One-way model intraclass correlation coefficient analysis indicated high test-retest reliability for extension (ICC = 0.92) and moderate reliability for flexion (ICC = 0.49). Standard error for extension was 2.45° and for flexion was 4.07°. Repeated-measures analysis revealed a significant main effect for group; ROM was greater in the control group (F[1, 28] = 47.35; P < .001). The concurrent validity of the CWT was partially supported.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The results indicate that the CWT may provide highly reliable scores for dynamic wrist extension ROM, and moderately reliable scores for flexion, in people recovering from a distal radius fracture.
  
  
  METHODS
  N/A.
authors.affiliation: Department of Occupational Therapy, Stanley Steyer School of Health Professions Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv, Israel; Department of Occupational Therapy, Chaim Sheba Medical Center, Ramat Gan, Israel.
authors.forename: Dalit
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Shefer Eini
authors.affiliation: Department of Occupational Therapy, Stanley Steyer School of Health Professions Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv, Israel.
authors.forename: Navah Z
authors.initials: NZ
authors.lastname: Ratzon
authors.affiliation: Institute for Creative Technologies, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
authors.forename: Albert A
authors.initials: AA
authors.lastname: Rizzo
authors.affiliation: School of Information Science and Technology, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.
authors.forename: Shih-Ching
authors.initials: SC
authors.lastname: Yeh
authors.affiliation: Institute for Creative Technologies, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
authors.forename: Belinda
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Lange
authors.affiliation: Department of Hand Surgery, Chaim Sheba Medical Center, Ramat Gan, Israel.
authors.forename: Batia
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Yaffe
authors.affiliation: Department of Orthopedic Rehabilitation, Chaim Sheba Medical Center, Ramat Gan, Israel.
authors.forename: Alexander
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Daich
authors.affiliation: Department of Occupational Therapy, Faculty of Social Welfare and Health Sciences, University of Haifa, Haifa, Israel.
authors.forename: Patrice L
authors.initials: PL
authors.lastname: Weiss
authors.affiliation: Department of Occupational Therapy, Chaim Sheba Medical Center, Ramat Gan, Israel; Department of Occupational Therapy, Faculty of Social Welfare and Health Sciences, University of Haifa, Haifa, Israel. Electronic address: rkizony@univ.haifa.ac.il.
authors.forename: Rachel
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Kizony
mesh_terms: D053587:Arthrometry, Articular; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011885:Radius Fractures / Q000503:physiopathology; D016059:Range of Motion, Articular / Q000502:physiology*; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D000076142:Virtual Reality; D014955:Wrist Joint / Q000503:physiopathology*
keywords: Camera tracking; Distal radius fracture; Evaluation; Gaming; Wrist range of motion