title: Radiation-induced osteosarcoma of the skull base after radiation therapy in a patient with nasopharyngeal carcinoma: a case report and review of the literature.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Radiation-induced osteosarcomas are a recognized complication of radiation therapy. Owing to the fact that it is rare, publications on radiation-induced osteosarcoma of the skull base are limited to a small series and some case reports.
  
  
  METHODS
  We describe a rare case of a patient with a skull base radiation-induced osteosarcoma treated 11 years before with ionizing radiation for an undifferentiated carcinoma of the nasopharynx. The patient was treated with chemotherapy alone, but he died after the third cycle.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Radiation-induced osteosarcoma of the skull base after treatment of nasopharyngeal carcinoma is a very rare but very aggressive complication with a poor prognosis. Chemotherapy gives bad results, and regular follow-up of treated patients should be considered.
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiation Oncology, National Institute of Oncology, University Mohamed 5, Ibn Sina Center, Allal El Fassi Boulevard, Rabat, Morocco. eyassine12@hotmail.com.
authors.forename: Yassine
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Echchikhi
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiation Oncology, National Institute of Oncology, University Mohamed 5, Ibn Sina Center, Allal El Fassi Boulevard, Rabat, Morocco.
authors.forename: Hasna
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Loughlimi
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiation Oncology, National Institute of Oncology, University Mohamed 5, Ibn Sina Center, Allal El Fassi Boulevard, Rabat, Morocco.
authors.forename: Asmae
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Touil
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiation Oncology, National Institute of Oncology, University Mohamed 5, Ibn Sina Center, Allal El Fassi Boulevard, Rabat, Morocco.
authors.forename: Tayeb
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Kebdani
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiation Oncology, National Institute of Oncology, University Mohamed 5, Ibn Sina Center, Allal El Fassi Boulevard, Rabat, Morocco.
authors.forename: Noureddine
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Benjaafar
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000971:Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols; D002277:Carcinoma; D002945:Cisplatin; D004172:Diplopia; D004317:Doxorubicin; D005157:Facial Pain; D017809:Fatal Outcome; D006261:Headache; D006801:Humans; D007069:Ifosfamide; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging; D008297:Male; D000077274:Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma; D009303:Nasopharyngeal Neoplasms / Q000473:pathology / Q000532:radiotherapy*; D009381:Neoplasms, Radiation-Induced / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000473:pathology*; D012516:Osteosarcoma / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000473:pathology*; D011379:Prognosis; D011829:Radiation Dosage
chemical_list: D004317:Doxorubicin; D002945:Cisplatin; D007069:Ifosfamide
keywords: Chemotherapy; Nasopharynx; Osteosarcoma; Pathogenesis; Radiotherapy; Skull