title: MRSA and multidrug-resistant Staphylococcus aureus in U.S. retail meats, 2010-2011.
abstract: Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) has been detected in retail meats, although large-scale studies are scarce. We conducted a one-year survey in 2010-2011 within the framework of the National Antimicrobial Resistance Monitoring System. Among 3520 retail meats collected from eight U.S. states, 982 (27.9%) contained S. aureus and 66 (1.9%) were positive for MRSA. Approximately 10.4% (107/1032) of S. aureus isolates, including 37.2% (29/78) of MRSA, were multidrug-resistant (MDRSA). Turkey had the highest MRSA prevalence (3.5%), followed by pork (1.9%), beef (1.7%), and chicken (0.3%). Whole-genome sequencing was performed for all 66 non-redundant MRSA. Among five multilocus sequence types identified, ST8 (72.7%) and ST5 (22.7%) were most common and livestock-associated MRSA ST398 was assigned to one pork isolate. Eleven spa types were represented, predominately t008 (43.9%) and t2031 (22.7%). All four types of meats harbored t008, whereas t2031 was recovered from turkey only. The majority of MRSA (84.8%) possessed SCCmec IV and 62.1% harbored Panton-Valentine leukocidin. Pulsed-field gel electrophoresis showed that all ST8 MRSA belonged to the predominant human epidemic clone USA300, and others included USA100 and USA200. We conclude that a diverse MRSA population was present in U.S. retail meats, albeit at low prevalence.
authors.affiliation: Division of Animal and Food Microbiology, Office of Research, Center for Veterinary Medicine, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Laurel, MD 20708, USA. Electronic address: beilei.ge@fda.hhs.gov.
authors.forename: Beilei
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Ge
authors.affiliation: Division of Animal and Food Microbiology, Office of Research, Center for Veterinary Medicine, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Laurel, MD 20708, USA.
authors.forename: Sampa
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Mukherjee
authors.affiliation: Division of Animal and Food Microbiology, Office of Research, Center for Veterinary Medicine, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Laurel, MD 20708, USA.
authors.forename: Chih-Hao
authors.initials: CH
authors.lastname: Hsu
authors.affiliation: Division of Animal and Food Microbiology, Office of Research, Center for Veterinary Medicine, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Laurel, MD 20708, USA.
authors.forename: Johnnie A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Davis
authors.affiliation: Division of Animal and Food Microbiology, Office of Research, Center for Veterinary Medicine, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Laurel, MD 20708, USA.
authors.forename: Thu Thuy T
authors.initials: TTT
authors.lastname: Tran
authors.affiliation: Division of Animal and Food Microbiology, Office of Research, Center for Veterinary Medicine, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Laurel, MD 20708, USA.
authors.forename: Qianru
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.affiliation: Division of Animal and Food Microbiology, Office of Research, Center for Veterinary Medicine, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Laurel, MD 20708, USA.
authors.forename: Jason W
authors.initials: JW
authors.lastname: Abbott
authors.affiliation: Division of Animal and Food Microbiology, Office of Research, Center for Veterinary Medicine, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Laurel, MD 20708, USA.
authors.forename: Sherry L
authors.initials: SL
authors.lastname: Ayers
authors.affiliation: Division of Animal and Food Microbiology, Office of Research, Center for Veterinary Medicine, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Laurel, MD 20708, USA.
authors.forename: Shenia R
authors.initials: SR
authors.lastname: Young
authors.affiliation: Division of Animal and Food Microbiology, Office of Research, Center for Veterinary Medicine, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Laurel, MD 20708, USA.
authors.forename: Emily T
authors.initials: ET
authors.lastname: Crarey
authors.affiliation: Division of Animal and Food Microbiology, Office of Research, Center for Veterinary Medicine, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Laurel, MD 20708, USA.
authors.forename: Niketta A
authors.initials: NA
authors.lastname: Womack
authors.affiliation: Division of Animal and Food Microbiology, Office of Research, Center for Veterinary Medicine, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Laurel, MD 20708, USA.
authors.forename: Shaohua
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Zhao
authors.affiliation: Division of Animal and Food Microbiology, Office of Research, Center for Veterinary Medicine, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Laurel, MD 20708, USA.
authors.forename: Patrick F
authors.initials: PF
authors.lastname: McDermott
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents / Q000494:pharmacology; D001427:Bacterial Toxins / Q000235:genetics; D002417:Cattle; D024901:Drug Resistance, Multiple, Bacterial; D005098:Exotoxins / Q000235:genetics; D005516:Food Microbiology; D005798:Genes, Bacterial; D016680:Genome, Bacterial; D006801:Humans; D007956:Leukocidins / Q000235:genetics; D008460:Meat / Q000382:microbiology*; D055624:Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus / Q000145:classification / Q000187:drug effects / Q000235:genetics* / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D008826:Microbial Sensitivity Tests; D058885:Multilocus Sequence Typing; D017422:Sequence Analysis, DNA; D013211:Staphylococcus aureus / Q000145:classification / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D013552:Swine; D014421:Turkey; D014481:United States
chemical_list: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents; D001427:Bacterial Toxins; D005098:Exotoxins; D007956:Leukocidins; C078284:Panton-Valentine leukocidin
keywords: LA-MRSA; MDRSA; MRSA; Retail meat; ST398; USA300