title: Cardiovascular Risk Factors in Adolescents With Celiac Disease: A Cross-sectional Population-Based Study.
abstract: Recent data have shown that adults with celiac disease (CD) may have a higher prevalence of risk factors for cardiovascular disease (CVD) compared with the general population. Thus, we aimed to investigate the association of CD with CVD risk factors at late adolescence in a cross-sectional population-based study.
  
  
  
  A total of 2,001,353 Jewish Israeli adolescents who underwent a general health examination at median age of 17.1 years from 1988 to 2015 were included. Covariate data included demographic measures, blood pressure (BP), resting heart rate, and risk factors associated with CVD.
  
  
  
  Overall, 10,566 cases of CD were identified (0.53%). Multivariate analysis showed that mean diastolic BP was significantly lower in subjects with CD (men: 72.0±8.7 vs 70.4 ± 8.5, P < 0.0001; women: 70.0 ± 8.3 vs 69.0 ± 8.2, P < 0.0001), whereas systolic BP did not differ between groups. Resting heart rate was higher in CD cases (an absolute difference of 0.4 beats per minute, P < 0.0001). The proportions of overweight and obese subjects were significantly lower in CD cases. Noninsulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (relative risk [RR], 4.1; 95% confidence interval [CI] 2.8-5.7), hypercoagulability (RR, 2.6; 95% CI 1.5-4.5), and hyperlipidemia (RR, 1.9; 95% CI 1.2-3) were significantly more common in subjects with CD.
  
  
  
  At the age of 17 years, the prevalence of risk factors for CVD is higher in subjects with CD compared with the general population. There is, however, neither increase in BP nor increase in overweight and obesity rates.
authors.affiliation: *Institute of Gastroenterology, Nutrition and Liver Disease, Schneider Children's Medical Center, Petah-Tikva †Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv ‡Medical Corps, Israeli Defense Force, Israel.
authors.forename: Amit
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Assa
authors.forename: Yael
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Frenkel-Nir
authors.forename: Dorit
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Tzur
authors.forename: Lior H
authors.initials: LH
authors.lastname: Katz
authors.forename: Raanan
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Shamir
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D002318:Cardiovascular Diseases / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000209:etiology*; D002446:Celiac Disease / Q000150:complications*; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D016014:Linear Models; D016015:Logistic Models; D008297:Male; D008659:Metabolic Diseases / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000209:etiology; D015999:Multivariate Analysis; D063766:Pediatric Obesity / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000209:etiology; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012307:Risk Factors