title: The impact of methotrexate on lung inflammatory and apoptotic pathway biomarkers-The role of gallic acid.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of methotrexate (MTX) on the lung via inflammatory and apoptotic pathway biomarkers and the role of gallic acid (GA).
  
  
  METHODS
  In this study, twenty four male Wistar-Albino rats weighing 300-350g were divided into 3 groups as follows; Control group (0.1ml/oral saline, for 7 days+2nd day i.p.). MTX group (20mg/kg, single dose, on 2nd day). MTX+GA group (15mg/kg, orally, for 7 days). Comet analysis, oxidant-antioxidant status, IMA were conducted. Histopathological analyses were evaluated.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Comet assay on the blood, TOS and OSI values in the lung were increased in the group II compared with the control group (p<0.05). GA significantly reduced the comet score and IMA levels in the blood, TOS and OSI values in the lung tissue in group III compared with group II (p<0.05). Immunohistochemically PGE2, TNF-α, CRP, serum SAA, Caspase 3 and Caspase 9 expressions significantly increased in group II compared with the control group (p<0.001) and GA treatment ameliorated these parameters significantly in group III compared with group II (p<0.001).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  MTX caused oxidative stress and DNA damage in the blood tissue and caused oxidative damage, inflammation and apoptosis in the lung tissue.
authors.affiliation: Department of Physiology, Suleyman Demirel University, Faculty of Medicine, Isparta, Turkey. Electronic address: fizyolog@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Mustafa
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Saygin
authors.affiliation: Department of Chest Diseases, Suleyman Demirel University, Faculty of Medicine, Isparta, Turkey.
authors.forename: Onder
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Ozturk
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathology Mehmet Akif Ersoy University, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Burdur, Turkey.
authors.forename: Ozlem
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Ozmen
authors.affiliation: Department of Medical Biochemistry, Suleyman Demirel University, Faculty of Medicine, Isparta, Turkey.
authors.forename: Ilter
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Ilhan
authors.affiliation: Clinic of Chest Diseases, Isparta State Hospital, Isparta, Turkey.
authors.forename: Taner
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Gonca
authors.affiliation: Department of Physiology, Suleyman Demirel University, Faculty of Medicine, Isparta, Turkey.
authors.forename: Nurhan
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Gumral
authors.affiliation: Department of Biostatistics and Medical Informatics, Suleyman Demirel University, Faculty of Medicine, Isparta, Turkey.
authors.forename: Hikmet
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Orhan
authors.affiliation: Department of Physiology, Suleyman Demirel University, Faculty of Medicine, Isparta, Turkey.
authors.forename: Rahime
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Aslankoc
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D017209:Apoptosis / Q000187:drug effects; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000378:metabolism*; D002097:C-Reactive Protein / Q000378:metabolism; D020169:Caspases / Q000378:metabolism; D020552:Comet Assay; D015232:Dinoprostone / Q000378:metabolism; D005707:Gallic Acid / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D008168:Lung / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D008297:Male; D008727:Methotrexate / Q000009:adverse effects*; D018384:Oxidative Stress / Q000187:drug effects; D011014:Pneumonia / Q000097:blood / Q000139:chemically induced* / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000473:pathology; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D000685:Serum Amyloid A Protein / Q000378:metabolism; D015398:Signal Transduction / Q000187:drug effects; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; D000685:Serum Amyloid A Protein; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha; D005707:Gallic Acid; D002097:C-Reactive Protein; D020169:Caspases; D015232:Dinoprostone; D008727:Methotrexate
keywords: Gallic acid; Inflammation; Lung; Methotrexate; Oxidative stress