title: A possible space-based tsunami early warning system using observations of the tsunami ionospheric hole.
abstract: Ionospheric plasma disturbances after a large tsunami can be detected by measurement of the total electron content (TEC) between a Global Positioning System (GPS) satellite and its ground-based receivers. TEC depression lasting for a few minutes to tens of minutes termed as tsunami ionospheric hole (TIH) is formed above the tsunami source area. Here we describe the quantitative relationship between initial tsunami height and the TEC depression rate caused by a TIH from seven tsunamigenic earthquakes in Japan and Chile. We found that the percentage of TEC depression and initial tsunami height are correlated and the largest TEC depressions appear 10 to 20 minutes after the main shocks. Our findings imply that Ionospheric TEC measurement using the existing ground receiver networks could be used in an early warning system for near-field tsunamis that take more than 20 minutes to arrive in coastal areas.
authors.affiliation: Department of Physics, Tokyo Gakugei University, Tokyo, Japan.
authors.forename: Masashi
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kamogawa
authors.affiliation: Department of Physics, Tokyo Gakugei University, Tokyo, Japan.
authors.forename: Yoshiaki
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Orihara
authors.affiliation: Department of Physics, Tokyo Gakugei University, Tokyo, Japan.
authors.forename: Chiaki
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Tsurudome
authors.affiliation: Department of Physics, Tokyo Gakugei University, Tokyo, Japan.
authors.forename: Yuto
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Tomida
authors.affiliation: Department of Physics, Tokyo Gakugei University, Tokyo, Japan.
authors.forename: Tatsuya
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Kanaya
authors.affiliation: Department of Physics, Tokyo Gakugei University, Tokyo, Japan.
authors.forename: Daiki
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Ikeda
authors.affiliation: Earthquake Research Institute, the University of Tokyo, Japan.
authors.forename: Aditya Riadi
authors.initials: AR
authors.lastname: Gusman
authors.affiliation: Department of Engineering for Innovation, National Institute of Technology, Tomakomai College, Hokkaido, Japan.
authors.forename: Yoshihiro
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Kakinami
authors.affiliation: Graduate Institute of Space Science, National Central University, Chung-li, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Jann-Yenq
authors.initials: JY
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.affiliation: Nuclear Safety Research and Development Center, Chubu Electric Power Co., Omaezaki, Japan.
authors.forename: Atsushi
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Toyoda