title: Postconditioning with sevoflurane ameliorates spatial learning and memory deficit after hemorrhage shock and resuscitation in rats.
abstract: Severe hemorrhage shock and resuscitation are a systemic ischemia-reperfusion phenomenon which can induce learning and memory deficit in human and rats. Sevoflurane postconditioning has been proved to offer neuroprotection under different setting of cerebral ischemia-reperfusion in rats. The aim of this study was to investigate whether sevoflurane postconditioning could improve spatial learning and memory ability after hemorrhage shock and resuscitation in rats.
  
  
  
  Thirty-five male rats were randomized into five groups: sham group, shock group, low concentration (sevo1, 1.2%), middle concentration (sevo2, 2.4%), and high concentration (sevo3, 3.6%) of sevoflurane postconditioning groups. The spatial learning and memory ability of rats were measured by Morris water maze 3 d after the operation. The expression of choline acetyltransferase (CHAT) and acetylcholinesterase (ACHE) in the hippocampus CA1 region was observed by immunohistochemistry method after the Morris water maze test.
  
  
  
  The ability of spatial learning and memory of rats and the expression of CHAT was significantly declined, while the expression of ACHE increased in the shock group compared with the sham group (P < 0.05). Sevoflurane postconditioning with the concentrations of 2.4% and 3.6% significantly ameliorated the spatial learning and memory ability and increased the expression of CHAT and decreased the expression of ACHE in hippocampal CA1 region when compared with shock group (P < 0.05).
  
  
  
  Postconditioning with sevoflurane at the concentrations of 2.4% and 3.6% which improved the ability of spatial learning and memory after hemorrhage shock and resuscitation in rats may involve the protection of the cholinergic neurons in hippocampal CA1 region.
authors.affiliation: Department of Anesthesiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China.
authors.forename: Xianwen
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Hu
authors.affiliation: Department of Anesthesiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China.
authors.forename: Jingxian
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: Department of Anesthesiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China.
authors.forename: Qiquan
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: Department of Anesthesiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China.
authors.forename: Xiaowen
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Duan
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacology, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China. Electronic address: chpharmzw@163.com.
authors.forename: Zhiwu
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.affiliation: Department of Anesthesiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China. Electronic address: zhangye_hassan@sina.com.
authors.forename: Ye
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Zhang
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000378:metabolism; D002795:Choline O-Acetyltransferase / Q000378:metabolism; D059329:Cholinergic Neurons / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D006624:Hippocampus / Q000098:blood supply / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D057775:Ischemic Postconditioning / Q000379:methods*; D007859:Learning Disabilities / Q000209:etiology / Q000517:prevention & control; D008297:Male; D018782:Maze Learning / Q000187:drug effects; D008569:Memory Disorders / Q000209:etiology / Q000517:prevention & control; D008738:Methyl Ethers / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D018696:Neuroprotective Agents / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D011897:Random Allocation; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D015427:Reperfusion Injury / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000209:etiology; D012151:Resuscitation; D000077149:Sevoflurane; D012771:Shock, Hemorrhagic / Q000150:complications / Q000628:therapy*; D065853:Spatial Learning / Q000187:drug effects; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; D008738:Methyl Ethers; D018696:Neuroprotective Agents; D000077149:Sevoflurane; D002795:Choline O-Acetyltransferase
keywords: Acetylcholinesterase; Choline acetyltransferase; Hemorrhage shock and resuscitation; Sevoflurane postconditioning; Spatial learning and memory