title: Control of phosphate balance by the kidney and intestine.
abstract: The prevention and correction of hyperphosphatemia are major goals of the treatment of chronic kidney disease (CKD)-bone mineral disorders, and thus, Pi balance requires special attention. Pi balance is maintained by intestinal absorption, renal excretion, and bone accretion. The kidney is mainly responsible for the plasma Pi concentration. In CKD, reduced glomerular filtration rate leads to various Pi metabolism abnormalities, and Pi absorption in the small intestine also has an important role in Pi metabolism. Disturbances in Pi metabolism are mediated by a series of complex changes in regulatory hormones originating from the skeleton, intestine, parathyroid gland, and kidney. In this review, we describe the regulation of type II sodium-dependent Pi co-transporters by the kidney and intestine, including the regulation of Pi transport, circadian rhythm, and the vicious circle between salivary Pi secretion and intestinal Pi absorption in animals with and without CKD.
authors.affiliation: Department of Molecular Nutrition, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University Graduate School, 3-18-15 Kuramoto-Cho, Tokushima, 770-8503, Japan.
authors.forename: Ichiro
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Kaneko
authors.affiliation: Department of Molecular Nutrition, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University Graduate School, 3-18-15 Kuramoto-Cho, Tokushima, 770-8503, Japan.
authors.forename: Sawako
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Tatsumi
authors.affiliation: Department of Molecular Nutrition, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University Graduate School, 3-18-15 Kuramoto-Cho, Tokushima, 770-8503, Japan.
authors.forename: Hiroko
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Segawa
authors.affiliation: Department of Molecular Nutrition, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University Graduate School, 3-18-15 Kuramoto-Cho, Tokushima, 770-8503, Japan. kmiyamoto@tokushima-u.ac.jp.
authors.forename: Ken-Ichi
authors.identifier: http://orcid.org/0000-0002-8714-3009
authors.initials: KI
authors.lastname: Miyamoto
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D012080:Chronic Kidney Disease-Mineral and Bone Disorder / Q000150:complications / Q000378:metabolism; D000089703:Fibroblast Growth Factor-23; D006801:Humans; D007413:Intestinal Mucosa / Q000378:metabolism*; D007668:Kidney / Q000378:metabolism*; D008903:Minerals / Q000378:metabolism; D010710:Phosphates / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000652:urine; D051436:Renal Insufficiency, Chronic / Q000150:complications / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: C000717427:FGF23 protein, human; D008903:Minerals; D010710:Phosphates; D000089703:Fibroblast Growth Factor-23
keywords: 1,25(OH)2D; FGF23; Intestine; PTH; Proximal tubule; Salivary glands