title: Clinical Utility of Serum Cystatin C in Predicting Diabetic Nephropathy Among Patients with Diabetes Mellitus: a Meta-Analysis.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Clinically, there is lack of predictors for diabetic nephropathy (DN) in diabetes mellitus (DM) without microalbuminuria, macroalbuminuria or retinopathy.
  
  
  METHODS
  PubMed, Chinese Biomedical Database, Cochrane Library, EMBASE and Elsevier Database were searched from inception to August 13, 2016. Studies involving patients with DM and containing data on cystatin C measurements and the measured glomerular filtration rate (mGFR) were included. Pooled sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, negative predictive value and other diagnostic indices were evaluated using a random effect model.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The meta-analysis enrolled 9 studies with 1417 patients. The pooled sensitivity and specificity of serum cystatin C for predicting DN were 0.88 (95% CI 0.85 - 0.91) and 0.85 (95% CI 0.82 - 0.87), respectively. The pooled positive and negative predictive values of serum cystatin C for predicting DN were 7.04 (95% CI 4.33 - 11.43) and 0.13 (95% CI 0.09 - 0.20), respectively. The area under the summary receiver operating characteristic (SROC) curve was 0.9549, and the diagnostic odds ratio was 66.80 (95% CI 27.92 - 159.86).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Serum cystatin C is an early predictor of DN among patients with DM.
authors.affiliation: Medical Center of the Graduate School, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China.
authors.forename: Baoqin
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Zhou
authors.forename: Honghong
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Zou
authors.forename: Gaosi
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Xu
mesh_terms: D055316:Cystatin C / Q000097:blood*; D003920:Diabetes Mellitus / Q000473:pathology*; D003928:Diabetic Nephropathies / Q000097:blood* / Q000175:diagnosis; D005919:Glomerular Filtration Rate; D006801:Humans; D011237:Predictive Value of Tests; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity
chemical_list: D055316:Cystatin C