title: Models of Care for addressing chronic musculoskeletal pain and health in children and adolescents.
abstract: Chronic musculoskeletal pain among children and adolescents is common and can negatively affect quality of life. It also represents a high burden on the health system. Effective models of care for addressing the prevention and management of pediatric musculoskeletal pain are imperative. This chapter will address the following key questions: (1) Why are pediatric-specific models of pain care needed? (2) What is the burden of chronic musculoskeletal pain among children and adolescents? (3) What are the best practice approaches for early identification and prevention of chronic musculoskeletal pain in children and adolescents? (4) What are the recommended strategies for clinical management of chronic pain, including pharmacological, physical, psychological and complementary, and alternative approaches? (5) What are the most effective strategies for implementing models of pain care across different care settings? (6) What are the research priorities to improve models of care for children and adolescents with chronic musculoskeletal pain?
authors.affiliation: The Hospital for Sick Children, Lawrence S. Bloomberg, Faculty of Nursing, University of Toronto, Peter Gilgan Centre for Research and Learning, 686 Bay Street, Room 069715, Toronto, ON, M5G 0A4, Canada. Electronic address: Jennifer.stinson@sickkids.ca.
authors.forename: Jennifer
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Stinson
authors.affiliation: Division of Developmental and Behavioral Sciences, The Children's Mercy Hospital, 2401 Gillham Road, Kansas City, MO 64108, USA. Electronic address: mconnelly1@cmh.edu.
authors.forename: Mark
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Connelly
authors.affiliation: The George Institute, University of Sydney, PO Box M201 Missenden Rd, Camperdown, NSW 2050 Australia. Electronic address: Skamper@georgeinstitute.org.au.
authors.forename: Steven J
authors.initials: SJ
authors.lastname: Kamper
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatrics, Aarhus University Hospital, Palle Juul-Jensens Boulevard 99, DK-8200 Aarhus N, Denmark. Electronic address: troeherl@rm.dk.
authors.forename: Troels
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Herlin
authors.affiliation: Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario Research Institute, 401 Smyth Road, Ottawa, Ontario, K1H 8L1, Canada; Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, 401 Smyth Road Ottawa, Ontario, K1H 8L1, Canada. Electronic address: ktoupin@cheo.on.ca.
authors.forename: Karine
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Toupin April
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D002648:Child; D059350:Chronic Pain; D003695:Delivery of Health Care / Q000379:methods* / Q000458:organization & administration; D006801:Humans; D059352:Musculoskeletal Pain / Q000628:therapy; D010372:Pediatrics / Q000379:methods* / Q000458:organization & administration; D011788:Quality of Life
keywords: Adolescents; Children; Models of care; Musculoskeletal pain