title: A novel method to harvest Chlorella sp. via low cost bioflocculant: Influence of temperature with kinetic and thermodynamic functions.
abstract: In this study, harvesting efficiency (HE) of bioflocculant (egg shell) was observed with variation in flocculent concentrations (0-100mgL-1), temperature (30°C, 35°C 40°C, 45°C and 50°C) and variable contact time (0-50min). It was found maximum (≈95.6%) with 100mgL-1bioflocculant concentration whereas influence of temperature was also observed with optimized concentration of bioflocculant (100mgL-1) at 40°C (≈98.1%) and 50°C (≈99.3%), in 30min of contact time. Significant changes in algal cell structures were also analyzed after exposure to various temperatures with microscopy, SEM (Scanning electron microscopy) and EDS (Energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy) images with and without bioflocculant. The experimental data was found to be a good fit with pseudo-second order kinetic model. The thermodynamic functions such as ΔG (Gibbs free energy), ΔH (enthalpy), ΔS (entropy) were also determined. The negative value of ΔG and positive value of ΔH and ΔS shows the spontaneous and endothermic nature of flocculation process.
authors.affiliation: Bioenergy and Wastewater Treatment Laboratory, Department of Environmental Sciences, Babasaheb Bhimrao Ambedkar University, Lucknow (U.P.), India. Electronic address: kothariricha21@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Richa
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Kothari
authors.affiliation: Bioenergy and Wastewater Treatment Laboratory, Department of Environmental Sciences, Babasaheb Bhimrao Ambedkar University, Lucknow (U.P.), India.
authors.forename: Vinayak V
authors.initials: VV
authors.lastname: Pathak
authors.affiliation: Bioenergy and Wastewater Treatment Laboratory, Department of Environmental Sciences, Babasaheb Bhimrao Ambedkar University, Lucknow (U.P.), India.
authors.forename: Arya
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Pandey
authors.affiliation: Bioenergy and Wastewater Treatment Laboratory, Department of Environmental Sciences, Babasaheb Bhimrao Ambedkar University, Lucknow (U.P.), India.
authors.forename: Shamshad
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Ahmad
authors.affiliation: Bioenergy and Wastewater Treatment Laboratory, Department of Environmental Sciences, Babasaheb Bhimrao Ambedkar University, Lucknow (U.P.), India.
authors.forename: Chandni
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Srivastava
authors.affiliation: Department of Energy Management, Shri Mata Vaishno Devi University, Katra (J&K), India.
authors.forename: V V
authors.initials: VV
authors.lastname: Tyagi
mesh_terms: D001709:Biotechnology / Q000191:economics / Q000379:methods*; D002708:Chlorella / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000166:cytology / Q000254:growth & development; D003365:Costs and Cost Analysis; D019277:Entropy; D005427:Flocculation; D007700:Kinetics; D008855:Microscopy, Electron, Scanning; D013052:Spectrometry, X-Ray Emission; D013696:Temperature; D013816:Thermodynamics
keywords: Bioflocculant; Biomass harvesting; Kinetic models; Low-cost; Thermodynamic functions