title: Relationship between 24-h urine sodium/potassium ratio and central aortic systolic blood pressure in hypertensive patients.
abstract: Studies evaluating the relationship between measured 24-h urine sodium (24HUNa), potassium (24HUK) and aortic blood pressure (BP) are rare, and no such study has been performed with an Asian population. We evaluated the relationship between 24HUNa, 24HUK, casual BP, 24-h ambulatory BP and aortic BP by analyzing data from 524 participants with valid 24-h urine collection, 24-h ambulatory BP and central BP measurements (mean age 48.1±9.8 years, 193 men). Hypertension was defined as a 24-h ambulatory BP ⩾130/80 mm Hg or current treatment for hypertension (n=219). The participants with hypertension and high 24HUNa (mean 210.5±52.0 mmol  per day, range 151.0-432.0) showed higher 24-h systolic (P=0.037) and diastolic BP (P=0.037) and aortic systolic BP (AoSBP, P=0.038) than the participants with hypertension and low 24HUNa (mean 115.7±25.0 mmol per day, range 45.6-150.0), adjusted for confounders. The participants with hypertension and a high ratio of 24HUNa and 24HUK (24HUNa/24HUK, mean 4.03±1.00, range 2.93-7.96) had higher AoSBP than the participants with hypertension and a low 24HUNa/24HUK ratio (mean 2.13±0.54, range 0.53-2.91), adjusted for confounders (P=0.026). The participants with hypertension demonstrated a significant linear relationship between AoSBP and 24HUNa/24HUK ratio that was independent of 24HUNa, according to the multiple regression analysis (P=0.047). In hypertensive patients, 24HUNa/24HUK was positively and more strongly related to AoSBP compared with 24HUNa alone. The result indicates that high sodium and low potassium intake may increase the subsequent risk of cardiovascular disease by elevating AoSBP.
authors.affiliation: Cardiovascular Center, Dongguk University Ilsan Hospital, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea.|Clinical Trial Center, Dongguk University Ilsan Hospital, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Moo-Yong
authors.initials: MY
authors.lastname: Rhee
authors.affiliation: Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Dongguk University Ilsan Hospital, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Sung-Joon
authors.initials: SJ
authors.lastname: Shin
authors.affiliation: Clinical Trial Center, Dongguk University Ilsan Hospital, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea.|Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Dongguk University Ilsan Hospital, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Namyi
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Gu
authors.affiliation: Cardiovascular Center, Dongguk University Gyeongju Hospital, Gyeongbuk, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Deuk-Young
authors.initials: DY
authors.lastname: Nah
authors.affiliation: Cardiovascular Center, Dongguk University Gyeongju Hospital, Gyeongbuk, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Byong-Kyu
authors.initials: BK
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardiology, Hallym University College of Medicine, Gangwon-do, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Kyung-Soon
authors.initials: KS
authors.lastname: Hong
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardiology, Catholic University of Korea College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Eun-Joo
authors.initials: EJ
authors.lastname: Cho
authors.affiliation: Department of Internal Medicine, Kangbuk Samsung Hospital, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Ki-Chul
authors.initials: KC
authors.lastname: Sung
authors.affiliation: Department of Home Economics Education, Dongguk University, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Sim-Yeol
authors.initials: SY
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.affiliation: Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Kwang-Il
authors.initials: KI
authors.lastname: Kim
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001794:Blood Pressure / Q000502:physiology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D006973:Hypertension / Q000503:physiopathology* / Q000652:urine*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011188:Potassium / Q000652:urine*; D012964:Sodium / Q000652:urine*; D059349:Urine Specimen Collection
chemical_list: D012964:Sodium; D011188:Potassium