title: A transparent, solvent-free laminated top electrode for perovskite solar cells.
abstract: A simple lamination process of the top electrode for perovskite solar cells is demonstrated. The laminate electrode consists of a transparent and conductive plastic/metal mesh substrate, coated with an adhesive mixture of poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene):poly(styrenesulfonate), PEDOT:PSS, and sorbitol. The laminate electrode showed a high degree of transparency of 85%. Best cell performance was achieved for laminate electrodes prepared with a sorbitol concentration of ~30 wt% per milliliter PEDOT:PSS dispersion, and using a pre-annealing temperature of 120°C for 10 min before lamination. Thereby, perovskite solar cells with stabilized power conversion efficiencies of (7.6 ± 1.0)% were obtained which corresponds to 80% of the reference devices with reflective opaque gold electrodes.
authors.affiliation: Empa, Swiss Federal Institute for Materials Science and Technology, Laboratory for Functional Polymers , Dübendorf , Switzerland.
authors.forename: Mohammed
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Makha
authors.affiliation: Empa, Swiss Federal Institute for Materials Science and Technology, Laboratory for Functional Polymers, Dübendorf, Switzerland; UNESP - Universidade Estadual Paulista - Instituto de Química, POSMAT, Araraquara, Brazil.
authors.forename: Silvia Letícia
authors.initials: SL
authors.lastname: Fernandes
authors.affiliation: Empa, Swiss Federal Institute for Materials Science and Technology, Laboratory for Functional Polymers , Dübendorf , Switzerland.
authors.forename: Sandra
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Jenatsch
authors.affiliation: CSEM, Centre Suisse d'Electronique et Microtechnique SA , Muttenz , Switzerland.
authors.forename: Ton
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Offermans
authors.affiliation: CSEM, Centre Suisse d'Electronique et Microtechnique SA , Muttenz , Switzerland.
authors.forename: Jürg
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Schleuniger
authors.affiliation: Nanotechnology Group, ETH Zurich , Rüschlikon , Switzerland.
authors.forename: Jean-Nicolas
authors.initials: JN
authors.lastname: Tisserant
authors.affiliation: Empa, Swiss Federal Institute for Materials Science and Technology, Laboratory for Functional Polymers , Dübendorf , Switzerland.
authors.forename: Anna C
authors.initials: AC
authors.lastname: Véron
authors.affiliation: Empa, Swiss Federal Institute for Materials Science and Technology, Laboratory for Functional Polymers , Dübendorf , Switzerland.
authors.forename: Roland
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Hany
keywords: 102 Porous/Nanoporous/Nanostructured materials; 209 Solar cell/Photovoltaics; 50 Energy materials; Perovskite; lamination; solar cell; transparent electrode