title: Functional mitral stenosis following mitral valve repair.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  This review summarizes the evidence describing functional mitral stenosis (MS) following surgical mitral valve repair.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Functional MS is an evolving concept and has been implicated in the repair of functional and organic mitral regurgitation. Following repair of functional mitral regurgitation, an elevation in peak transmitral gradient and pulmonary artery pressure has been observed under physiologic stress. These changes have been associated with worse functional status early after restrictive annuloplasty. Following repair of organic mitral regurgitation, functional MS has also been observed and appears associated with worse functional status late after surgery.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Because repair of functional mitral regurgitation commonly involves restrictive annuloplasty, the issue of functional MS must be weighed against the benefits and durability of repair. Functional MS following repair of degenerative mitral regurgitation, however, may be modifiable. Research evaluating various repair techniques and their impact on functional MS following repair of organic is ongoing.
authors.affiliation: aDivision of Cardiac Surgery bSchool of Epidemiology, Public Health and Preventive Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa cKeenan Research Centre for Biomedical Science dLi Ka Shing Knowledge Institute of St Michael's Hospital eDivision of Cardiac Surgery, St Michael's Hospital fDepartment of Surgery, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
authors.forename: Vincent
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Chan
authors.forename: Thierry
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Mesana
authors.forename: Subodh
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Verma
mesh_terms: D058385:Cardiac Valve Annuloplasty; D019918:Heart Valve Prosthesis Implantation; D006801:Humans; D008943:Mitral Valve; D058386:Mitral Valve Annuloplasty; D008944:Mitral Valve Insufficiency; D008946:Mitral Valve Stenosis / Q000601:surgery*; D016896:Treatment Outcome