title: The effect of low dosage of procaine on lung cancer cell proliferation.
abstract: Non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is the most common type of human lung cancer leading cause of cancer death worldwide. However, first-line drugs such as gefitinib and erlotinib showed great drug resistance in the clinical.
  
  
  
  The cell proliferation was evaluated by MTT assay; gene expression was detected by qPCR assay. The protein expression was analyzed by Western blotting.
  
  
  
  Our results showed that in mouse models of lung cancer by A549 or NCI-H1975 xenograft, the local anesthetic drug Procaine (PCA) with 50 mg/kg specifically attenuated tumors compared with the vehicle-treated group. In vitro, PCA suppressed both two human NSCLC cell lines A549 and NCI-H1975 proliferation in a lower dose (at nM grade). The cell proliferation marker PCNA was also downregulated after PCA treatment in vivo. Furthermore, low-dose of PCA could inhibit the mRNA expression of the key NSCLC target EGFR selectively in the A549 cells, however, it was not observed in another cell line NCI-H1975, implying a specific signaling by PCA in the cell type.
  
  
  
  Taken together, our data indicate that PCA treatment leads to suppression of tumor growth and proliferation in A549 and NCI-H1975, and there is an EGFR transcription pathway by PCA in A549 cells.
authors.affiliation: Department of Anesthesiology, The First Affiliated Hospital and College of Clinical Medicine of HENAN University of Science and Technology, Luoyang City, Henan, China. maxiaowumaxiaowu@126.com.
authors.forename: X-W
authors.initials: XW
authors.lastname: Ma
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Li
authors.forename: X-C
authors.initials: XC
authors.lastname: Han
authors.forename: Q-Z
authors.initials: QZ
authors.lastname: Xin
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D017209:Apoptosis / Q000187:drug effects; D002289:Carcinoma, Non-Small-Cell Lung / Q000188:drug therapy; D045744:Cell Line, Tumor; D049109:Cell Proliferation / Q000187:drug effects*; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D019008:Drug Resistance, Neoplasm / Q000187:drug effects; D066246:ErbB Receptors; D006801:Humans; D008175:Lung Neoplasms / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000235:genetics; D051379:Mice; D011343:Procaine / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D011799:Quinazolines / Q000008:administration & dosage
chemical_list: D011799:Quinazolines; D011343:Procaine; D066246:ErbB Receptors