title: A review about biomarkers for the investigation of vascular function and impairment in diabetes mellitus.
abstract: The aim of this review was to analyze the main biomarkers of vascular function and impairment in patients with type 2 diabetes. Medline, SCOPUS, Web of Science, and Google Scholar databases were searched. We concluded that proatherogenic adhesion molecules (soluble intercellular adhesion molecule-1, soluble vascular adhesion molecule-1, and soluble E selectin) and inflammatory cytokines (high-sensitivity C-reactive protein, interleukin-6, and tumor necrosis factor-α) were elevated in type 2 diabetes mellitus. Their increased expression and release contribute to the accelerated atherogenesis typical of these patients. For these reasons, the early identification of high levels of these biomarkers will help to establish new strategies to reduce cardiovascular complications.
authors.affiliation: Centre of Diabetes and Metabolic Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine and Therapeutics, University of Pavia and Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico S. Matteo.
authors.forename: Giuseppe
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Derosa
authors.affiliation: School in Experimental Medicine, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy.
authors.forename: Pamela
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Maffioli
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000097:blood; D015815:Cell Adhesion Molecules / Q000097:blood*; D003924:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / Q000150:complications* / Q000175:diagnosis; D003925:Diabetic Angiopathies / Q000097:blood / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000209:etiology / Q000503:physiopathology; D004730:Endothelium, Vascular / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000503:physiopathology; D006801:Humans; D018836:Inflammation Mediators / Q000097:blood*; D011237:Predictive Value of Tests; D011379:Prognosis
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; D015815:Cell Adhesion Molecules; D018836:Inflammation Mediators
keywords: biomarkers; type 2 diabetes mellitus; vascular function