title: Grafting of aniline derivatives onto chitosan and their applications for removal of reactive dyes from industrial effluents.
abstract: A series of chitosan-grafted polyaniline derivatives {chitosan-g-polyaniline (CS-g-PANI), chitosan-g-poly(N-methylaniline) (CS-g-PNMANI), and chitosan-g-poly(N-ethylaniline) (CS-g-PNEANI)} were synthesized by in situ chemical oxidation polymerization method. The synthesized copolymers were analyzed by means of Fourier transform infrared (FTIR), and ultraviolet-visible (UV-vis) spectroscopies, thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), and field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM). These copolymers were applied as adsorbent for removal of acid red 4 (AR4) and direct red 23 (DR23) from aqueous solutions. The adsorption processes were optimized in terms of pH, adsorbent amount, and dyes concentrations. The maximum adsorption capacities (Qm) for the synthesized copolymers were calculated, and among them the CS-g-PNEANI sample showed highest Qmfor both AR4 (98mgg-1) and DR23 (112mgg-1) dyes. The adsorption kinetics of AR4 and DR23 dyes follow the pseudo-second order kinetic model. The regeneration and reusability tests revealed that the synthesized adsorbents had the relatively good reusability after five repetitions of the adsorption-desorption cycles. As the results, it is expected that the CS-g-PANIs find application for removal of reactive dyes (especially anionic dyes) from industrial effluents mainly due to their low production costs and high adsorption effectiveness.
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry, Payame Noor University, P.O. Box: 19395-3697, Tehran, Iran. Electronic address: m_abbasian20@yahoo.com.
authors.forename: Mojtaba
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Abbasian
authors.affiliation: Research Center for Pharmaceutical Nanotechnology, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, P.O. Box: 51656-65811, Tabriz, Iran. Electronic address: m_jaymand@yahoo.com.
authors.forename: Mehdi
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Jaymand
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry, Payame Noor University, P.O. Box: 19395-3697, Tehran, Iran.
authors.forename: Pouneh
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Niroomand
authors.affiliation: Research Center for Pharmaceutical Nanotechnology, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, P.O. Box: 51656-65811, Tabriz, Iran.
authors.forename: Amir
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Farnoudiyan-Habibi
authors.affiliation: Department of Polymer, Faculty of Engineering, University of Bonab, P.O. Box: 55517, Bonab, Iran.
authors.forename: Saber Ghasemi
authors.initials: SG
authors.lastname: Karaj-Abad
mesh_terms: D000327:Adsorption; D000814:Aniline Compounds / Q000737:chemistry*; D048271:Chitosan / Q000737:chemistry*; D004396:Coloring Agents / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D004553:Electric Conductivity; D006863:Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; D007220:Industrial Waste; D007700:Kinetics; D013696:Temperature; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000302:isolation & purification*
chemical_list: D000814:Aniline Compounds; D004396:Coloring Agents; D007220:Industrial Waste; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical; D048271:Chitosan
keywords: Acid red 4; Adsorption isotherm; Adsorption kinetics; Chitosan; Direct red 23; Environment treatment; Polyaniline derivatives