title: Medicinal Chemistry of the Noncanonical Cyclic Nucleotides cCMP and cUMP.
abstract: After decades of intensive research on adenosine-3',5'-cyclic monophosphate (cAMP)- and guanosine-3',5'-cyclic monophosphate (cGMP)-related second messenger systems, also the noncanonical congeners cyclic cytidine-3',5'-monophosphate (cCMP) and cyclic uridine-3',5'-monophosphate (cUMP) gained more and more interest. Until the late 1980s, only a small number of cCMP and cUMP analogs with sometimes undefined purities had been described. Moreover, most of these compounds had been rather synthesized as precursors of antitumor and antiviral nucleoside-5'-monophosphates and hence had not been tested for any second messenger activity. Along with the recurring interest in cCMP- and cUMP-related signaling in the early 2000s, it became evident that well-characterized small molecule analogs with reliable purities would serve as highly valuable tools for the evaluation of a putative second messenger role of cyclic pyrimidine nucleotides. Meanwhile, for this purpose new cCMP and cUMP derivatives have been developed, and already known analogs have been resynthesized and highly purified. This chapter summarizes early medicinal chemistry work on cCMP and cUMP and analogs thereof, followed by a description of recent synthetic developments and an outlook on potential future directions.
authors.affiliation: BIOLOG Life Science Institute, Forschungslabor und Biochemica-Vertrieb GmbH, Flughafendamm 9a, 28199, Bremen, Germany. fs@biolog.de.
authors.forename: Frank
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Schwede
authors.affiliation: BIOLOG Life Science Institute, Forschungslabor und Biochemica-Vertrieb GmbH, Flughafendamm 9a, 28199, Bremen, Germany.
authors.forename: Andreas
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Rentsch
authors.affiliation: BIOLOG Life Science Institute, Forschungslabor und Biochemica-Vertrieb GmbH, Flughafendamm 9a, 28199, Bremen, Germany.
authors.forename: Hans-Gottfried
authors.initials: HG
authors.lastname: Genieser
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D003460:Crystallization; D003563:Cyclic CMP / Q000031:analogs & derivatives / Q000138:chemical synthesis* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000494:pharmacology; D006801:Humans; D015394:Molecular Structure; D009712:Nucleotides, Cyclic / Q000138:chemical synthesis* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000494:pharmacology; D010539:Permeability; D011355:Prodrugs / Q000138:chemical synthesis* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000494:pharmacology; D014542:Uridine Monophosphate / Q000138:chemical synthesis* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000494:pharmacology
chemical_list: D009712:Nucleotides, Cyclic; D011355:Prodrugs; D003563:Cyclic CMP; C045338:cyclic 3',5'-uridine monophosphate; D014542:Uridine Monophosphate
keywords: DB-cCMP; Lipophilicity; Prodrugs; cCMP; cCMP agarose; cCMP analogs; cUMP; cUMP agarose; cUMP analogs