title: A simple, fast and sensitive screening LC-ESI-MS/MS method for antibiotics in fish.
abstract: The objective of this study was to develop and validate a fast, sensitive and simple liquid chromatography-electrospray ionization-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-ESI-MS/MS) method for the screening of six classes of antibiotics (aminoglycosides, beta-lactams, macrolides, quinolones, sulfonamides and tetracyclines) in fish. Samples were extracted with trichloroacetic acid. LC separation was achieved on a Zorbax Eclipse XDB C18 column and gradient elution using 0.1% heptafluorobutyric acid in water and acetonitrile as mobile phase. Analysis was carried out in multiple reaction monitoring mode via electrospray interface operated in the positive ionization mode, with sulfaphenazole as internal standard. The method was suitable for routine screening purposes of 40 antibiotics, according to EC Guidelines for the Validation of Screening Methods for Residues of Veterinary Medicines, taking into consideration threshold value, cut-off factor, detection capability, limit of detection, sensitivity and specificity. Real fish samples (n=193) from aquaculture were analyzed and 15% were positive for enrofloxacin (quinolone), one of them at a higher concentration than the level of interest (50µgkg-1), suggesting possible contamination or illegal use of that antibiotic.
authors.affiliation: LBqA - Laboratório de Bioquímica de Alimentos, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Av. Antonio Carlos 6627, Belo Horizonte, MG 31270-901, Brazil; LAMEFI - Laboratório de Medidas Físicas, Faculdade de Engenharia de Alimentos, Universidade Federal do Pará, Belém, Pará 66075-900, Brazil.
authors.forename: Letícia Rocha
authors.initials: LR
authors.lastname: Guidi
authors.affiliation: LANAGRO - Laboratório Nacional Agropecuário, Ministério da Agricultura, Pecuária e Abastecimento, 33600-000 Pedro Leopoldo, MG, Brazil.
authors.forename: Flávio Alves
authors.initials: FA
authors.lastname: Santos
authors.affiliation: LANAGRO - Laboratório Nacional Agropecuário, Ministério da Agricultura, Pecuária e Abastecimento, 33600-000 Pedro Leopoldo, MG, Brazil.
authors.forename: Ana Cláudia S R
authors.initials: AC
authors.lastname: Ribeiro
authors.affiliation: LBqA - Laboratório de Bioquímica de Alimentos, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Av. Antonio Carlos 6627, Belo Horizonte, MG 31270-901, Brazil; Laboratório de Controle de Qualidade de Produtos Farmacêuticos e Cosméticos, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Av. Antonio Carlos 6627, Belo Horizonte, MG 31270-901, Brazil.
authors.forename: Christian
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Fernandes
authors.affiliation: LAMEFI - Laboratório de Medidas Físicas, Faculdade de Engenharia de Alimentos, Universidade Federal do Pará, Belém, Pará 66075-900, Brazil.
authors.forename: Luiza H M
authors.initials: LH
authors.lastname: Silva
authors.affiliation: LBqA - Laboratório de Bioquímica de Alimentos, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Av. Antonio Carlos 6627, Belo Horizonte, MG 31270-901, Brazil. Electronic address: mbeatriz@ufmg.br.
authors.forename: Maria Beatriz A
authors.initials: MB
authors.lastname: Gloria
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents / Q000032:analysis* / Q000737:chemistry / Q000302:isolation & purification; D002853:Chromatography, Liquid / Q000379:methods*; D005506:Food Contamination / Q000032:analysis; D057230:Limit of Detection; D021241:Spectrometry, Mass, Electrospray Ionization / Q000379:methods*; D053719:Tandem Mass Spectrometry / Q000379:methods*; D017210:Tilapia; D013997:Time Factors
chemical_list: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents
keywords: Aminoglycoside; Aquaculture; Beta-Lactam; Macrolide; Quinolone; Sulfonamide; Tetracycline