title: Intrapancreatic accessory spleen (IPAS): A single-institution experience and review of the literature.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Accessory spleens located within the pancreatic parenchyma (intrapancreatic accessory spleen, IPAS) pose a unique clinical challenge. In many cases, despite imaging and other diagnostic studies, malignancy cannot be excluded and patients are subjected to pancreatic resection. We review our experience with the presentation, diagnosis, and treatment of patients with IPAS to provide insight into improving pre-operative evaluation of these patients METHODS: A retrospective chart review identified seven patients who underwent surgical resection of an intrapancreatic spleen at University of Louisville Hospital between 2004 and 2015. Charts were analyzed for presenting symptoms, pre-operative imaging, operative therapy, and final pathologic evaluation. Patients were included in the study if they underwent pancreatic resection for a pancreatic mass and were diagnosed with an IPAS on final pathologic evaluation.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Patient age ranged from 38 to 72 with a median age of 62.5, including five males and two females. Lesions ranged from 1.4 to 7.4 cm in maximal diameter (mean 3.8 cm). All lesions were identified as round, hypervascular, well-circumscribed masses in the pancreatic tail. The most common pre-operative diagnosis was a non-functioning pancreatic neuroendocrine tumor (NF-PNET). The most common operative approach was laparoscopic distal pancreatectomy and splenectomy.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  IPAS are benign tumors commonly mistaken for pancreatic neoplasms such as NF-PNET. A combination of CT, MRI and nuclear medicine examinations can confirm the diagnosis of IPAS and prevent unnecessary surgical resection.
authors.affiliation: University of Louisville, Department of Surgery, Louisville, KY 40202, USA.
authors.forename: Neal
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Bhutiani
authors.affiliation: University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA.
authors.forename: Michael E
authors.initials: ME
authors.lastname: Egger
authors.affiliation: Texas Oncology Specialists - Amarillo, Amarillo, TX 76106, USA.
authors.forename: Catherine A
authors.initials: CA
authors.lastname: Doughtie
authors.affiliation: University of Louisville, Department of Surgery, Louisville, KY 40202, USA.
authors.forename: Elizabeth S
authors.initials: ES
authors.lastname: Burkardt
authors.affiliation: University of Louisville, Department of Surgery, Louisville, KY 40202, USA.
authors.forename: Charles R
authors.initials: CR
authors.lastname: Scoggins
authors.affiliation: University of Louisville, Department of Surgery, Louisville, KY 40202, USA.
authors.forename: Robert C G
authors.initials: RC
authors.lastname: Martin
authors.affiliation: University of Louisville, Department of Surgery, Louisville, KY 40202, USA. Electronic address: mcmasters@louisville.edu.
authors.forename: Kelly M
authors.initials: KM
authors.lastname: McMasters
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D002828:Choristoma / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000601:surgery*; D003937:Diagnosis, Differential; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010180:Pancreatectomy; D010182:Pancreatic Diseases / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000601:surgery*; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D013154:Spleen; D013156:Splenectomy
keywords: Accessory spleen; Pancreatic mass