title: Crataeva nurvala nanoparticles inhibit virulence factors and biofilm formation in clinical isolates of Pseudomonas aeruginosa.
abstract: Green synthesized nanoparticles have gained great attention due to their non-toxic and non-hazardous nature. In the present study, bark extract of the medicinal plant in Ayurveda Crataeva nurvala (Buch-Ham) (CN) was chosen for the biosynthesis of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs). These NPs were characterized by Ultra violet visible spectroscopy, Fourier Transform Infra Red, Atomic Force Microscopy, and Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM). The average particle size of green synthesized CN-AgNPs was 15.2 ± 1.01 nm. Gas chromatography- mass spectrometry analysis of methanolic bark extract involved in the formation of CN-AgNPs revealed lupeol as a major active component. In this study, CN-AgNPs (15 μg ml-1) efficiently suppressed the production of quorum sensing mediated virulence factors viz. pyocyanin, protease, hemolysin, and biofilm formation in Pseudomonas aeruginosa. The pyocyanin production was strongly inhibited (74.64%) followed by proteolysis (47.3%) and hemolysin production (47.7%). However, the biofilm forming ability was maximally reduced up to 79.70%. Moreover, the Confocal Laser Scanning Microscopic Analysis showed that CN-AgNPs inhibit colonization of P. aeruginosa on to the surface. Furthermore, TEM analysis revealed internalization of CN-AgNPs inside the bacterial cell. It is concluded that green synthesized AgNPs have great potential to inhibit virulence factors and biofilm forming ability of drug-resistant clinical isolates of P. aeruginosa.
authors.affiliation: Department of Microbiology, Nanotechnology and Antimicrobial Drug Resistance Research Laboratory, Jawaharlal Nehru Medical College and Hospital, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, Uttar Pradesh, India.
authors.forename: Syed Ghazanfar
authors.initials: SG
authors.lastname: Ali
authors.affiliation: Department of Microbiology, Nanotechnology and Antimicrobial Drug Resistance Research Laboratory, Jawaharlal Nehru Medical College and Hospital, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, Uttar Pradesh, India.|Department of Medical Laboratories, College of Applied Medical Science, Buraydah Colleges, Buraydah, Saudi Arabia.
authors.forename: Mohammad Azam
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Ansari
authors.affiliation: Department of Microbiology, Nanotechnology and Antimicrobial Drug Resistance Research Laboratory, Jawaharlal Nehru Medical College and Hospital, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, Uttar Pradesh, India.
authors.forename: Haris M
authors.initials: HM
authors.lastname: Khan
authors.affiliation: Department of Microbiology, Nanotechnology and Antimicrobial Drug Resistance Research Laboratory, Jawaharlal Nehru Medical College and Hospital, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, Uttar Pradesh, India.
authors.forename: Mohammad
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Jalal
authors.affiliation: Department of Biochemistry, King George Medical University, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India.
authors.forename: Abbas Ali
authors.initials: AA
authors.lastname: Mahdi
authors.affiliation: Institute of Microbial Technology (IMTECH-CSIR), Chandigarh, India.
authors.forename: Swaranjit Singh
authors.initials: SS
authors.lastname: Cameotra
mesh_terms: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents / Q000494:pharmacology; D018441:Biofilms / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000254:growth & development; D031483:Capparaceae / Q000737:chemistry*; D024901:Drug Resistance, Multiple, Bacterial; D006460:Hemolysin Proteins / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000187:drug effects; D053768:Metal Nanoparticles / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000648:ultrastructure; D018613:Microscopy, Confocal; D046529:Microscopy, Electron, Transmission; D053978:Pentacyclic Triterpenes / Q000494:pharmacology; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000494:pharmacology*; D010946:Plants, Medicinal / Q000737:chemistry; D059748:Proteolysis / Q000187:drug effects; D011552:Pseudomonas Infections / Q000382:microbiology; D011550:Pseudomonas aeruginosa / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000502:physiology / Q000648:ultrastructure; D011710:Pyocyanine / Q000096:biosynthesis; D053038:Quorum Sensing / Q000187:drug effects; D012834:Silver; D037521:Virulence Factors / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors*; D000094042:Lupanes
chemical_list: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents; D006460:Hemolysin Proteins; D053978:Pentacyclic Triterpenes; D010936:Plant Extracts; D011710:Pyocyanine; D012834:Silver; D037521:Virulence Factors; C010480:lupeol; D000094042:Lupanes
keywords: Crataeva nurvala; P. aeruginosa; pyocyanin; quorum sensing; silver nanoparticles