title: The effect of the disulfideisomerase domain containing protein in the defense against polyhexamethylene biguanide of highly tolerant Acanthamoeba at the trophozoite stage.
abstract: Acanthamoeba castellanii is a free-living protozoan pathogen capable of causing a blinding keratitis and fatal granulomatous encephalitis. Current treatment generally involves an hourly application of polyhexamethylene biguanide (PHMB) over a period of several days but this is not entirely effective against all strains/isolates. The tolerance mechanisms of PHMB in Acanthamoeba cells remain unclear. In this study, we found that the mRNA expression level of disulfideisomerase domain containing protein (PDI) increased rapidly in surviving cells of the highly PHMB-tolerant Acanthamoeba castellanii strain, NCKH_D, during PHMB treatment, but not in the ATCC standard strain. After PDI-specific silencing, NCKH_D was found to be more vulnerable to PHMB treatment. The results described above show that PDI is an important gene for PHMB tolerance ability in a highly PHMB-tolerant strain of Acanthamoeba and provide a new insight for more efficient medicine development for Acanthamoeba keratitis.
authors.affiliation: Department of Ophthalmology, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Fu-Chin
authors.initials: FC
authors.lastname: Huang
authors.affiliation: Department of Microbiology and Immunology, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Tao-Shen
authors.initials: TS
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.affiliation: Genomics and Proteomics Core Laboratory, Department of Medical Research, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Sung-Chou
authors.initials: SC
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: Department of Ophthalmology, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Min-Hsiu
authors.initials: MH
authors.lastname: Shih
authors.affiliation: Department of Microbiology and Immunology, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan; Department of Parasitology, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Jyh-Wei
authors.initials: JW
authors.lastname: Shin
authors.affiliation: Department of Microbiology and Immunology, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan; Department of Parasitology, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan. Electronic address: wcnikelin@mail.ncku.edu.tw.
authors.forename: Wei-Chen
authors.initials: WC
authors.lastname: Lin
mesh_terms: D048248:Acanthamoeba castellanii / Q000187:drug effects*; D001645:Biguanides / Q000494:pharmacology*; D004202:Disinfectants / Q000494:pharmacology*; D004361:Drug Tolerance; D020869:Gene Expression Profiling; D020868:Gene Silencing; D019704:Protein Disulfide-Isomerases / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D015800:Protozoan Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000032:analysis / Q000235:genetics; D053058:Trophozoites / Q000187:drug effects*
chemical_list: D001645:Biguanides; D004202:Disinfectants; D015800:Protozoan Proteins; D012333:RNA, Messenger; C031233:polihexanide; D019704:Protein Disulfide-Isomerases
keywords: Acanthamoeba keratitis; Disulfideisomerase domain containing protein; Polyhexamethylene biguanide