title: Prevalence of Small Intestinal Bacterial Overgrowth in Multiple Sclerosis: a Case-Control Study from China.
abstract: It's hypothesized that gastrointestinal microbiota might play an important role in pathogenesis of multiple sclerosis (MS). The aim of the present study was to assess the prevalence of small intestinal bacterial overgrowth (SIBO) in MS patients compared with sex and age matched controls without MS.
  
  
  
  The present study was a case-control type, it included 118 patients with definitive MS and 118 age-sex matched controls. Progression of disability was assessed using the Multiple Sclerosis Severity Score (MSSS). All patients and controls underwent the glucose breath test to assess SIBO.
  
  
  
  Forty-five of the 118 MS patients were SIBO positive (38.14%; 95%CI: 29.37%-46.90%) compared with 10 of 118 in the control group (8.47%; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 3.45%-13.50%); the difference was statistically significant (P<0.0001; Odds ratios (OR), 4.50; 95% CI, 2.38-8.50). In addition, 102 out of the 118 patients (86.4%) presented at least one GI symptom. Constipation (78.0%), Bloating (46.6%), and fecal incontinence (44.1%) were common. Multivariate analysis showed that expanded disability status scale (EDSS) score and MSSS were the only factors associated with the SIBO-positive status in MS patients (OR, 3.44; 95% CI, 1.56-6.99; and OR, 2.76; 95% CI, 1.42-4.94, respectively).
  
  
  
  SIBO is highly prevalent in Chinese patients with MS. Further analytical work is required to establish a causal association between SIBO and MS risk and progression.
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurosurgery, Shouguang, City People's hospital, shouguang, Shandong Province, P.R. China.
authors.forename: Yongbo
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, ,Yunnan Province, P.R. China.
authors.forename: Guoyi
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, Dongping County people's Hospital, Taian, Shandong Province, P.R., China.
authors.forename: Yuanli
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Duan
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurosurgery, Shouguang, City People's hospital, shouguang, Shandong Province, P.R. China.
authors.forename: Xinwen
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Han
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurosurgery, Shouguang, City People's hospital, shouguang, Shandong Province, P.R. China.
authors.forename: Huihua
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Dong
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, ,Yunnan Province, P.R. China. Electronic address: basler777@163.com.
authors.forename: Jia
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Geng
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001765:Blind Loop Syndrome / Q000150:complications / Q000453:epidemiology*; D001944:Breath Tests; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D002681:China / Q000453:epidemiology; D004185:Disability Evaluation; D018450:Disease Progression; D005260:Female; D000069196:Gastrointestinal Microbiome; D006801:Humans; D006859:Hydrogen / Q000378:metabolism; D007421:Intestine, Small / Q000473:pathology*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009103:Multiple Sclerosis / Q000150:complications / Q000453:epidemiology*; D015995:Prevalence; D013997:Time Factors
chemical_list: D006859:Hydrogen
keywords: gastrointestinal symptoms; multiple sclerosis; small intestinal bacterial overgrowth