title: MRI depiction and 3D visualization of three anterior cruciate ligament bundles.
abstract: The anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) is divided into three fiber bundles (AM-M: anteromedial-medial, AM-L: anteromedial-lateral, PL: posterolateral). We attempted to depict the three bundles of the human ACL on MRI images and to obtain 3-dimensional visualization of them. Twenty-four knees of healthy volunteers (14 males, 10 females) were scanned by 3T-MRI using the fat suppression 3D coherent oscillatory state acquisition for the manipulation of imaging contrast (FS 3D-COSMIC). The scanned images were reconstructed after the isotropic voxel data, which allows the images to be reconstructed in any plane, was acquired. We conducted statistical examination on the identification rate of the three ACL bundles by 2D planes. Segmentation and 3D visualization of the fiber bundles using volume rendering were performed. The triple-bundle ACL was best depicted in the oblique axial plane. While the AM-M and AM-L bundles were clearly depicted in all cases, the PL bundle was not clearly visualized in two knees (8%). Therefore, the three ACL bundles were depicted in 22 knees (92%). The results of 3D visualization of the fiber arrangement agreed well with macroscopic findings of previous anatomical studies. 3T-MRI and the isotropic voxel data from FS 3D-COSMIC made it possible to demonstrate the identifiable depiction of three ACL bundles in nearly all cases. 3D visualization of the bundles could be a useful tool to understand the ACL fiber arrangement. Clin. Anat. 30:276-283, 2017. 2016 The Authors. Clinical Anatomy published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. on behalf of American Association of Clinical Anatomists.
authors.affiliation: Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan.
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Otsubo
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, Sapporo Medical University Hospital, Sapporo, Japan.
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Akatsuka
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, Sapporo Medical University Hospital, Sapporo, Japan.
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Takashima
authors.affiliation: Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan.
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Suzuki
authors.affiliation: Musculoskeletal Biomechanics and Surgical Development, Sapporo Medical University, Japan.
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Suzuki
authors.affiliation: Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan.
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Kamiya
authors.affiliation: Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan.
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Ikeda
authors.affiliation: Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan.
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Matsumura
authors.affiliation: Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan.
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Yamashita
authors.affiliation: Sports Orthopaedic Center, Yukioka Hospital, Osaka, Japan.
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Shino
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D016118:Anterior Cruciate Ligament / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D021621:Imaging, Three-Dimensional; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging / Q000379:methods*; D008297:Male; D055815:Young Adult
keywords: 3D; 3T-MRI; COSMIC; anterior cruciate ligament; bundle anatomy; three bundle