title: Collagen cross-linking: insights on the evolution of metazoan extracellular matrix.
abstract: Collagens constitute a large family of extracellular matrix (ECM) proteins that play a fundamental role in supporting the structure of various tissues in multicellular animals. The mechanical strength of fibrillar collagens is highly dependent on the formation of covalent cross-links between individual fibrils, a process initiated by the enzymatic action of members of the lysyl oxidase (LOX) family. Fibrillar collagens are present in a wide variety of animals, therefore often being associated with metazoan evolution, where the emergence of an ancestral collagen chain has been proposed to lead to the formation of different clades. While LOX-generated collagen cross-linking metabolites have been detected in different metazoan families, there is limited information about when and how collagen acquired this particular modification. By analyzing telopeptide and helical sequences, we identified highly conserved, potential cross-linking sites throughout the metazoan tree of life. Based on this analysis, we propose that they have importantly contributed to the formation and further expansion of fibrillar collagens.
authors.affiliation: Centro de Biología Molecular "Severo Ochoa" Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (C.S.I.C.)/Universidad Autónoma de Madrid (Madrid), Madrid, Spain.
authors.forename: Fernando
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Rodriguez-Pascual
authors.affiliation: School of Medicine, University of Cardiff, Cardiff, United Kingdom.
authors.forename: David Anthony
authors.initials: DA
authors.lastname: Slatter
mesh_terms: D000595:Amino Acid Sequence; D000818:Animals; D003094:Collagen / Q000145:classification / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D019143:Evolution, Molecular; D005109:Extracellular Matrix / Q000378:metabolism*; D024022:Fibrillar Collagens / Q000737:chemistry / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D006801:Humans; D007448:Invertebrates / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D008958:Models, Molecular; D010802:Phylogeny; D017433:Protein Structure, Secondary; D008249:Protein-Lysine 6-Oxidase / Q000378:metabolism*; D017386:Sequence Homology, Amino Acid; D014714:Vertebrates / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D024022:Fibrillar Collagens; D003094:Collagen; D008249:Protein-Lysine 6-Oxidase