title: Residential segregation and mental health among Latinos in a nationally representative survey.
abstract: Among Latinos, living in a locality with greater Latino ethnic density may be protective for mental health, although findings vary by Latino subgroup, gender and birthplace. Although little studied, Latino residential segregation may capture different pathways linking risk and protective environmental factors to mental health than local ethnic density.
  
  
  
  This study evaluated the association between residential segregation and mental distress as measured by the Kessler-10 (K10) among Latino participants in the National Latino and Asian American Study (NLAAS). Census data from 2000 was used to calculate metropolitan statistical area (MSA) residential segregation using the dissimilarity and isolation indices, as well as census tract ethnicity density and poverty. Latino subgroup (Puerto Rican, Mexican American, Cuban American and other Latino subgroup), gender and generation status were evaluated as moderators.
  
  
  
  Among 2554 Latino participants in NLAAS, residential segregation as measured by the isolation index was associated with less mental distress (β -0.14, 95% CI -0.26 to -0.03 log(K10)) among Latinos overall after adjustment for ethnic density, poverty and individual covariates. Residential segregation as measured by the dissimilarity index was significantly associated with less mental distress among men (β -0.56, 95% CI -1.04 to -0.08) but not among women (β -0.20, 95% CI -0.45 to 0.04, p-interaction=0.019). No modification was observed by Latino subgroup or generation.
  
  
  
  Among Latinos, increasing residential segregation was associated with less mental distress, and this association was moderated by gender. Findings suggest that MSA-level segregation measures may capture protective effects associated with living in Latino communities for mental health.
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Chelsea, Massachusetts, USA.|Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.
authors.forename: Carrie J
authors.initials: CJ
authors.lastname: Nobles
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Chelsea, Massachusetts, USA.|Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.
authors.forename: Sarah E
authors.initials: SE
authors.lastname: Valentine
authors.affiliation: Northeastern University, Supply Chain and Information Management, D'Amore-McKim School of Business, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.
authors.forename: E David
authors.initials: ED
authors.lastname: Zepeda
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.
authors.forename: Ye
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Chelsea, Massachusetts, USA.
authors.forename: Emily M
authors.initials: EM
authors.lastname: Ahles
authors.affiliation: Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.|Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.
authors.forename: Derri L
authors.initials: DL
authors.lastname: Shtasel
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Chelsea, Massachusetts, USA.|Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.
authors.forename: Luana
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Marques
mesh_terms: D005260:Female; D006304:Health Status; D054625:Healthcare Disparities; D006630:Hispanic or Latino / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008603:Mental Health / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D011203:Poverty / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D012111:Residence Characteristics / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D014481:United States
keywords: ETHNICITY; MENTAL HEALTH; Neighborhood/place; SOCIAL INEQUALITIES