title: Correlates of Resource Empowerment among Parents of Children with Overweight or Obesity.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Few studies have examined correlates of resource empowerment among parents of children with overweight or obesity.
  
  
  METHODS
  We studied baseline data of 721 parent-child pairs participating in the Connect for Health randomized trial being conducted at six pediatric practices in Massachusetts. Parents completed the child weight management subscale (n = 5 items; 4-point response scale) of the Parent Resource Empowerment Scale; items were averaged to create a summary empowerment score. We used linear regression to examine the independent effects of child (age, sex, and race/ethnicity), parent/household characteristics (age, education, annual household income, BMI category, perceived stress, and their ratings of their healthcare quality), and neighborhood median household income, on parental resource empowerment.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Mean (SD) child age was 7.7 years (2.9) and mean (SD) BMI z-score was 1.9 (0.5); 34% of children were white, 32% black, 22% Hispanic, 5% Asian, and 6% multiracial/other. The mean parental empowerment score was 2.95 (SD = 0.56; range = 1-4). In adjusted models, parents of older children [β -0.03 (95% CI: -0.04, -0.01)], Hispanic children [-0.14 (-0.26, -0.03)], those with annual household income less than $20,000 [-0.16 (-0.29, -0.02)], those with BMI ≥30.0 kg/m2[-0.17 (-0.28, -0.07)], and those who reported receiving lower quality of obesity-related care [-0.05 (-0.07, -0.03)] felt less empowered about resources to support their child's healthy body weight.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Parental resource empowerment is influenced by parent and child characteristics as well as the quality of their obesity-related care. These findings could help inform equitable, family-centered approaches to improve parental resource empowerment.
authors.affiliation: 1 Tufts University School of Medicine , Boston, MA.
authors.forename: Junghyun
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Lim
authors.affiliation: 2 Department of Nutrition, Harvard School of Public Health, Harvard University , Boston, MA.
authors.forename: Kirsten K
authors.initials: KK
authors.lastname: Davison
authors.affiliation: 3 Department of Health Policy, Management, and Behavior, School of Public Health, University at Albany, State University of New York , Albany, NY.
authors.forename: Janine M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Jurkowski
authors.affiliation: 4 Department of General Academic Pediatrics, Massachusetts General Hospital for Children , Boston, MA.
authors.forename: Christine M
authors.initials: CM
authors.lastname: Horan
authors.affiliation: 5 Department of Biostatistics, Harvard School of Public Health, Harvard University , Boston, MA.
authors.forename: E John
authors.initials: EJ
authors.lastname: Orav
authors.affiliation: 4 Department of General Academic Pediatrics, Massachusetts General Hospital for Children , Boston, MA.|6 Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Michigan Medical School , Ann Arbor, MI.
authors.forename: Neil
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Kamdar
authors.affiliation: 4 Department of General Academic Pediatrics, Massachusetts General Hospital for Children , Boston, MA.|7 Department of Pediatric Gastroenterology, Massachusetts General Hospital for Children , Boston, MA.
authors.forename: Lauren G
authors.initials: LG
authors.lastname: Fiechtner
authors.affiliation: 2 Department of Nutrition, Harvard School of Public Health, Harvard University , Boston, MA.|4 Department of General Academic Pediatrics, Massachusetts General Hospital for Children , Boston, MA.
authors.forename: Elsie M
authors.initials: EM
authors.lastname: Taveras
mesh_terms: D001741:Black or African American; D001213:Asian; D015992:Body Mass Index; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D005006:Ethnicity; D005260:Female; D006630:Hispanic or Latino; D006801:Humans; D007182:Income; D008297:Male; D008404:Massachusetts; D050177:Overweight / Q000628:therapy*; D010290:Parents; D010353:Patient Education as Topic; D010358:Patient Participation; D063766:Pediatric Obesity / Q000628:therapy*; D010372:Pediatrics; D011787:Quality of Health Care; D044465:White People
keywords: childhood; empowerment; obesity; overweight; parental resources