title: Withdrawals and Retirements in Professional Tennis Players.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Injuries and illnesses for professional tennis athletes disrupt training, competition, and progression in the sport and represent a major reason for athlete withdrawal or retirement from a tournament. Few descriptive epidemiological studies have focused on these trends in elite tennis athletes.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To examine the causes of professional tennis player withdrawal or retirement from United States Tennis Association (USTA) Pro Circuit tournaments during 2013.
  
  
  METHODS
  Descriptive epidemiology study.
  
  
  METHODS
  Level 4.
  
  
  METHODS
  Tournament records from the 2013 USTA Pro Circuit season were retrospectively reviewed for incidences of injury and illness that resulted in athlete withdrawal from the tournament. Data were reported as incidence rates per 1000 match exposures and rate ratios.
  
  
  RESULTS
  There were 70 medical conditions over the course of 27 competitions (20,988 match exposures), for an overall incidence rate of 3.34 per 1000 match exposures. Women were more likely to injure themselves on clay courts compared with hard courts (rate ratio, 4.67; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.41-19.85) and in the first half of the season compared with the second half (rate ratio, 3.95; 95% CI, 1.13-21.17). Men had a higher injury rate than women (rate ratio, 1.88; 95% CI, 1.17-3.63), and muscle-/tendon-related injuries were 6 times more likely than all other injuries (95% CI, 2.81-14.69).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Women were more likely to experience an injury when playing on clay court surfaces, and they also experienced more injuries during the first half of the season. Injury rates for men often peaked during the months that players could qualify for Grand Slam competitions. There was a predominance of injuries in men compared with women.
authors.affiliation: Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York.
authors.forename: Matthew J
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Hartwell
authors.affiliation: Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York.
authors.forename: Sandra M
authors.initials: SM
authors.lastname: Fong
authors.affiliation: Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York.
authors.forename: Alexis C
authors.initials: AC
authors.lastname: Colvin
mesh_terms: D001265:Athletic Injuries / Q000453:epidemiology; D003163:Competitive Behavior; D004777:Environment; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D015994:Incidence; D008297:Male; D018482:Muscle, Skeletal / Q000293:injuries; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D017678:Sex Distribution; D013708:Tendon Injuries / Q000453:epidemiology; D013715:Tennis / Q000293:injuries*; D013997:Time Factors; D014481:United States / Q000453:epidemiology
keywords: epidemiology; professional athletes; sports injuries; tennis