title: Accuracy assessment methods of tissue marker clip placement after 11-gauge vacuum-assisted stereotactic breast biopsy: comparison of measurements using direct and conventional methods.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The objective of the study was to compare direct measurement with a conventional method for evaluation of clip placement in stereotactic vacuum-assisted breast biopsy (ST-VAB) and to evaluate the accuracy of clip placement using the direct method.
  
  
  METHODS
  Accuracy of clip placement was assessed by measuring the distance from a residual calcification of a targeted calcification clustered to a clip on a mammogram after ST-VAB. Distances in the craniocaudal (CC) and mediolateral oblique (MLO) views were measured in 28 subjects with mammograms recorded twice or more after ST-VAB. The difference in the distance between the first and second measurements was defined as the reproducibility and was compared with that from a conventional method using a mask system with overlap of transparent film on the mammogram. The 3D clip-to-calcification distance was measured using the direct method in 71 subjects.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The reproducibility of the direct method was higher than that of the conventional method in CC and MLO views (P = 0.002, P < 0.001). The median 3D clip-to-calcification distance was 2.8 mm, with an interquartile range of 2.0-4.8 mm and a range of 1.1-36.3 mm.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The direct method used in this study was more accurate than the conventional method, and gave a median 3D distance of 2.8 mm between the calcification and clip.
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, Breast Cancer Center, Kaizuka City Hospital, 3-10-20 Hori, Kaizuka-shi, Osaka, 597-0015, Japan. yatakehidetoshi@yahoo.co.jp.
authors.forename: Hidetoshi
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Yatake
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, Breast Cancer Center, Kaizuka City Hospital, 3-10-20 Hori, Kaizuka-shi, Osaka, 597-0015, Japan.
authors.forename: Yuka
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Sawai
authors.affiliation: Department of Breast Surgery, Breast Cancer Center, Kaizuka City Hospital, Osaka, Japan.
authors.forename: Toshio
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Nishi
authors.affiliation: Department of Breast Surgery, Breast Cancer Center, Kaizuka City Hospital, Osaka, Japan.
authors.forename: Yoshiaki
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Nakano
authors.affiliation: Department of Breast Surgery, Breast Cancer Center, Kaizuka City Hospital, Osaka, Japan.
authors.forename: Ayaka
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Nishimae
authors.affiliation: Department of Health Science, Osaka Butsuryo University, Osaka, Japan.
authors.forename: Toshizo
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Katsuda
authors.affiliation: Department of Gerontological Nursing/Wound Care Management, Graduate School of Medicine, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan.
authors.forename: Koichi
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Yabunaka
authors.affiliation: Graduate School of Health Science, Okayama University, Okayama, Japan.
authors.forename: Yoshihiro
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Takeda
authors.affiliation: Department of Breast Surgery, Breast Cancer Center, Kaizuka City Hospital, Osaka, Japan.
authors.forename: Hideo
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Inaji
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor / Q000032:analysis*; D001707:Biopsy, Needle / Q000295:instrumentation*; D001943:Breast Neoplasms / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000601:surgery; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D061705:Image-Guided Biopsy / Q000295:instrumentation*; D008875:Middle Aged; D013238:Stereotaxic Techniques; D016217:Ultrasonography, Mammary / Q000379:methods*
chemical_list: D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor
keywords: Breast cancer; Direct methods; Mammography; Mask methods; Stereotactic vacuum assisted biopsy