title: Rapid laccolith intrusion driven by explosive volcanic eruption.
abstract: Magmatic intrusions and volcanic eruptions are intimately related phenomena. Shallow magma intrusion builds subsurface reservoirs that are drained by volcanic eruptions. Thus, the long-held view is that intrusions must precede and feed eruptions. Here we show that explosive eruptions can also cause magma intrusion. We provide an account of a rapidly emplaced laccolith during the 2011 rhyolite eruption of Cordón Caulle, Chile. Remote sensing indicates that an intrusion began after eruption onset and caused severe (>200 m) uplift over 1 month. Digital terrain models resolve a laccolith-shaped body ∼0.8 km3. Deformation and conduit flow models indicate laccolith depths of only ∼20-200 m and overpressures (∼1-10 MPa) that likely stemmed from conduit blockage. Our results show that explosive eruptions may rapidly force significant quantities of magma in the crust to build laccoliths. These iconic intrusions can thus be interpreted as eruptive features that pose unique and previously unrecognized volcanic hazards.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Geosciences, University of Mainz, Becherweg 21, Mainz D-55099, Germany.
authors.forename: Jonathan M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Castro
authors.affiliation: Department of Geoscience, Physics of Geological Processes, University of Oslo, P.O. 1048 Blindern, Oslo 0316 , Norway.|European Synchrotron Radiation Facility, 71 Avenue des Martyrs, CS-40220, Grenoble Cedex 38043, France.
authors.forename: Benoit
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Cordonnier
authors.affiliation: School of Geography, Environment and Earth Sciences, Victoria University of Wellington, PO Box 600, Wellington 6140, New Zealand.
authors.forename: C Ian
authors.initials: CI
authors.lastname: Schipper
authors.affiliation: Lancaster Environment Centre, Lancaster University, Lancaster LA1 4YQ, UK.
authors.forename: Hugh
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Tuffen
authors.affiliation: Institute of Geosciences, University of Mainz, Becherweg 21, Mainz D-55099, Germany.
authors.forename: Tobias S
authors.initials: TS
authors.lastname: Baumann
authors.affiliation: Institute of Geosciences, University of Mainz, Becherweg 21, Mainz D-55099, Germany.
authors.forename: Yves
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Feisel