title: Direct and continuous strain control of catalysts with tunable battery electrode materials.
abstract: We report a method for using battery electrode materials to directly and continuously control the lattice strain of platinum (Pt) catalyst and thus tune its catalytic activity for the oxygen reduction reaction (ORR). Whereas the common approach of using metal overlayers introduces ligand effects in addition to strain, by electrochemically switching between the charging and discharging status of battery electrodes the change in volume can be precisely controlled to induce either compressive or tensile strain on supported catalysts. Lattice compression and tension induced by the lithium cobalt oxide substrate of ~5% were directly observed in individual Pt nanoparticles with aberration-corrected transmission electron microscopy. We observed 90% enhancement or 40% suppression in Pt ORR activity under compression or tension, respectively, which is consistent with theoretical predictions.
authors.affiliation: Department of Applied Physics, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 93205, USA.
authors.forename: Haotian
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: Department of Mechanical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 93205, USA.
authors.forename: Shicheng
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Xu
authors.affiliation: SUNCAT Center for Interface Science and Catalysis, Department of Chemical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA.|SUNCAT Center for Interface Science and Catalysis, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, 2575 Sand Hill Road, Menlo Park, CA 94025, USA.
authors.forename: Charlie
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Tsai
authors.affiliation: Department of Material Science and Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA.
authors.forename: Yuzhang
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: Department of Material Science and Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA.
authors.forename: Chong
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.affiliation: Department of Material Science and Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA.
authors.forename: Jie
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Zhao
authors.affiliation: Department of Material Science and Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA.
authors.forename: Yayuan
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.affiliation: Department of Physics, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA.
authors.forename: Hongyuan
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Yuan
authors.affiliation: SUNCAT Center for Interface Science and Catalysis, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, 2575 Sand Hill Road, Menlo Park, CA 94025, USA.
authors.forename: Frank
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Abild-Pedersen
authors.affiliation: Department of Mechanical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 93205, USA.|Department of Material Science and Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA.
authors.forename: Fritz B
authors.initials: FB
authors.lastname: Prinz
authors.affiliation: SUNCAT Center for Interface Science and Catalysis, Department of Chemical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA.|SUNCAT Center for Interface Science and Catalysis, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, 2575 Sand Hill Road, Menlo Park, CA 94025, USA.
authors.forename: Jens K
authors.initials: JK
authors.lastname: Nørskov
authors.affiliation: Department of Material Science and Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA. yicui@stanford.edu.|Stanford Institute for Materials and Energy Sciences, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, 2575 Sand Hill Road, Menlo Park, CA 94025, USA.
authors.forename: Yi
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Cui