title: Characteristics of higher-order aberrations and anterior segment tomography in patients with pathologic myopia.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To investigate prospectively the characteristics in the higher-order aberrations and anterior segment tomography in patients with pathologic myopia.
  
  
  METHODS
  One hundred and twelve consecutive highly myopic patients (mean age 43.4 ± 9.3 years, spherical equivalent of refractive error ≥8 D and an axial length ≥26.5 mm) were studied. Thirty-seven emmetropic individuals (mean age 37.0 ± 14.5 years, spherical equivalent of refractive error ≤ ±1 D) were analyzed as controls. The ocular and cornea higher-order aberrations were measured using a Hartmann-Shack wavefront sensor (KR-1W; Topcon Corporation, Tokyo, Japan). The crystalline lens rise, the angle-to-angle, and the white-to-white values were measured using anterior segment OCT (SS-1000; Tomey Corporation, Nagoya, Japan). The mean curvature of the anterior corneal surface, the thickness at the thinnest central corneal point, the location of the central corneal point, the corneal volume, the anterior chamber volume, and the anterior chamber depth were measured using the Pentacam HR (Oculus, Inc., Wetzlar, Germany).
  
  
  RESULTS
  The ocular total higher-order aberration for 4-mm pupil, the ocular spherical aberrations, and internal spherical aberration for 6-mm pupil were significantly higher in highly myopic eyes than in the emmetropic controls. The crystalline lens rise was significantly smaller in highly myopic eyes than in the emmetropic controls. The anterior chamber depth and the anterior chamber volume were significantly larger in highly myopic eyes than in the emmetropic controls.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Highly myopic eyes had higher-order aberrations than emmetropic eyes because of the increasing internal aberrations.
authors.affiliation: Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, 1-5-45 Yushima, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8510, Japan.
authors.forename: Kaori
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Kasahara
authors.affiliation: Department of Ophthalmology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan.
authors.forename: Naoyuki
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Maeda
authors.affiliation: Department of Ophthalmology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan.
authors.forename: Takashi
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Fujikado
authors.affiliation: Clinical Research Center, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan.
authors.forename: Makoto
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Tomita
authors.affiliation: Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, 1-5-45 Yushima, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8510, Japan.
authors.forename: Muka
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Moriyama
authors.affiliation: Department of Ophthalmology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan.
authors.forename: Mutsumi
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Fuchihata
authors.affiliation: Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, 1-5-45 Yushima, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8510, Japan. k.ohno.oph@tmd.ac.jp.
authors.forename: Kyoko
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Ohno-Matsui
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000867:Anterior Chamber / Q000473:pathology; D000869:Anterior Eye Segment / Q000473:pathology*; D058452:Axial Length, Eye / Q000473:pathology; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D057108:Corneal Wavefront Aberration / Q000473:pathology; D058453:Emmetropia / Q000502:physiology; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007908:Lens, Crystalline / Q000473:pathology; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009216:Myopia / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000473:pathology*; D012030:Refractive Errors / Q000473:pathology*; D014057:Tomography, X-Ray Computed / Q000379:methods*; D055815:Young Adult
keywords: Anterior segment OCT; Anterior segment tomography; Hartmann–Shack wavefront sensor; High myopia; Higher-order aberrations