title: CCR5-Δ32 gene polymorphism is related to celiac disease and autoimmune thyroiditis coincidence in patients with type 1 diabetes.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The aim of the study was to assess the relationship between CCR5-Δ32 polymorphism and the coincidence of celiac and autoimmune thyroid diseases with type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1D) in children.
  
  
  METHODS
  420 children with T1D aged 15.5±3.0years and 350 healthy controls were studied. Characterization of CCR5-Δ32 genotypes (rs333) was analyzed by polymerase chain reaction (PCR).
  
  
  RESULTS
  The allele frequency was significantly different in diabetic children as compared to the healthy controls (p<0.0001). We found negative association between T1D and Δ32 allele (OR=0.383; 95% CI=0.268-0.549). Besides, we observed alterations in the frequencies of CCR5-Δ32 genotypes due to celiac and autoimmune thyroid diseases. The risk of celiac disease for patient carriers of the 32-bp deletion was more than threefold higher than for noncarriers (OR=3.490; 95% CI=1.357-8.859; p=0.009). Similar results were obtained in the case of autoimmune thyroiditis. The risk of autoimmune thyroiditis for patient carriers of the 32-bp deletion was also more than threefold higher than for noncarriers (OR=3.466; 95% CI=1.754-6.849; p=0.0004).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The findings of our studies suggest that the CCR5-Δ32 polymorphism is associated with type 1 diabetes mellitus and the Δ32 allele increases the risk of celiac disease and autoimmune thyroid disorders in patients with T1D.
authors.affiliation: Department of Immunology, Medical University of Gdańsk, Dębinki 1, 80-211 Gdańsk. Electronic address: bartosz@gumed.edu.pl.
authors.forename: Bartosz
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Słomiński
authors.affiliation: Department of Immunology, Medical University of Gdańsk, Dębinki 1, 80-211 Gdańsk.
authors.forename: Urszula
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: Ławrynowicz
authors.affiliation: Department of Immunology, Medical University of Gdańsk, Dębinki 1, 80-211 Gdańsk.
authors.forename: Jolanta
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Myśliwska
authors.affiliation: Department of Immunology, Medical University of Gdańsk, Dębinki 1, 80-211 Gdańsk.
authors.forename: Monika
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Ryba-Stanisławowska
authors.affiliation: Department of Immunology, Medical University of Gdańsk, Dębinki 1, 80-211 Gdańsk.
authors.forename: Maria
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Skrzypkowska
authors.affiliation: Chair & Clinics of Paediatrics, Diabetology and Endocrinology, Medical University of Gdańsk, Dębinki 7, 80-211 Gdańsk.
authors.forename: Małgorzata
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Myśliwiec
authors.affiliation: Chair & Clinics of Paediatrics, Diabetology and Endocrinology, Medical University of Gdańsk, Dębinki 7, 80-211 Gdańsk.
authors.forename: Agnieszka
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Brandt
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000483:Alleles; D002446:Celiac Disease / Q000150:complications / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism; D002648:Child; D003922:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1 / Q000097:blood / Q000150:complications* / Q000188:drug therapy; D005260:Female; D017353:Gene Deletion; D005787:Gene Frequency; D056726:Genetic Association Studies; D020022:Genetic Predisposition to Disease; D006442:Glycated Hemoglobin / Q000032:analysis; D006579:Heterozygote; D006785:Hospitals, University; D006801:Humans; D006943:Hyperglycemia / Q000517:prevention & control; D007004:Hypoglycemic Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use; D007328:Insulin / Q000627:therapeutic use; D008297:Male; D011044:Poland; D011110:Polymorphism, Genetic; D019713:Receptors, CCR5 / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism; D013967:Thyroiditis, Autoimmune / Q000150:complications / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D006442:Glycated Hemoglobin; D007004:Hypoglycemic Agents; D007328:Insulin; D019713:Receptors, CCR5; C584933:CCR5 protein, human; C517652:hemoglobin A1c protein, human
keywords: Autoimmune thyroiditis; CCR5-Δ32 polymorphism; Celiac disease; Children; Type 1 diabetes mellitus