title: Household Air Pollution and Acute Lower Respiratory Infections in Adults: A Systematic Review.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Household air pollution from solid fuel burning kills over 4 million people every year including half a million children from acute lower respiratory infections. Although biologically plausible, it is not clear whether household air pollution is also associated with acute lower respiratory infections in adults. We systematically reviewed the literature on household air pollution and acute lower respiratory infection in adults to identify knowledge gaps and research opportunities.
  
  
  METHODS
  Ten bibliographic databases were searched to identify studies of household air pollution and adult acute lower respiratory infection. Data were extracted from eligible studies using standardised forms.
  
  
  RESULTS
  From 4617 titles, 513 abstracts and 72 full-text articles were reviewed. Eight studies met the inclusion criteria of which 2 found a significant adjusted increased risk of acute lower respiratory infection, 2 identified a univariate association whilst 4 found no significant association. Study quality was generally limited. Heterogeneity in methods and findings precluded meta-analysis.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  A systematic review of the literature found limited evidence for an association between household air pollution and risk of acute lower respiratory infection in adults. Additional research, with carefully defined exposure and outcome measures, is required to complete the risk profile caused by household air pollution in adults.
  
  
  BACKGROUND
  CRD42015028042.
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical Sciences, Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, Liverpool, United Kingdom.|Malawi-Liverpool-Wellcome Trust Clinical Research Programme, Blantyre, Malawi.
authors.forename: Hannah
authors.identifier: http://orcid.org/0000-0002-6953-8170
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Jary
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical Sciences, Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, Liverpool, United Kingdom.
authors.forename: Hope
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Simpson
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical Sciences, Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, Liverpool, United Kingdom.
authors.forename: Deborah
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Havens
authors.affiliation: College of Medicine, University of Malawi, Blantyre, Malawi.
authors.forename: Geoffrey
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Manda
authors.affiliation: Department of Public Health and Policy, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom.
authors.forename: Daniel
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Pope
authors.affiliation: Department of Public Health and Policy, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom.
authors.forename: Nigel
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Bruce
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical Sciences, Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, Liverpool, United Kingdom.|Malawi-Liverpool-Wellcome Trust Clinical Research Programme, Blantyre, Malawi.
authors.forename: Kevin
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Mortimer
mesh_terms: D000208:Acute Disease / Q000453:epidemiology*; D000328:Adult; D000397:Air Pollution; D016902:Air Pollution, Indoor; D002648:Child; D004781:Environmental Exposure; D005191:Family Characteristics; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D012141:Respiratory Tract Infections / Q000453:epidemiology*