title: Reliability and validity of the coping strategy inventory-short form applied to hemodialysis patients in 13 countries: Results from the Dialysis Outcomes and Practice Patterns Study (DOPPS).
abstract: The Coping Strategies Inventory-Short Form (CSI-SF) measures four coping strategies based on 16 items: 4 items each indicating problem- vs. emotion-focused engagement or disengagement. Here we provide the first assessment of reliability and construct validity of the CSI-SF among hemodialysis patients across 13 countries.
  
  
  
  The CSI-SF was completed by patients in 9 languages in phase 4 of the Dialysis Outcomes and Practice Patterns Study (2009-11). Cronbach's alpha was used to assess internal consistency. Exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses were applied to assess the factor structure of the CSI-SF by country and language. CSI-SF data were analyzed from 7201 patients (60% male; median age 62.5 [range 18-96] years).
  
  
  
  Good internal consistency (α=0.56-0.80) was seen for three scales in English (US, UK, Canada, Australia, New Zealand), German, and Swedish versions. The fourth scale was internally consistent if two items were dropped. In these countries, both exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses indicated a factor structure consistent with the four CSI-SF scales. Other language versions showed a factor structure inconsistent with these four scales.
  
  
  
  The slightly modified English, German, and Swedish versions of the CSI-SF are reliable and valid instruments for measuring coping strategies in hemodialysis patients.
authors.affiliation: Arbor Research Collaborative for Health, Ann Arbor, MI, United States. Electronic address: Elodie.Speyer@arborresearch.org.
authors.forename: Elodie
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Speyer
authors.affiliation: Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States; Department of Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States; Department of Urology, Medical School, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States.
authors.forename: Hal
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Morgenstern
authors.affiliation: Department of Endocrinology, Admission Coordination Center Tenri Hospital, Japan.
authors.forename: Yasuaki
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Hayashino
authors.affiliation: Monash Health & Monash University, Clayton, Australia.
authors.forename: Peter G
authors.initials: PG
authors.lastname: Kerr
authors.affiliation: Birmingham Heartlands Hospital, Birmingham, United Kingdom.
authors.forename: Hugh
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Rayner
authors.affiliation: Arbor Research Collaborative for Health, Ann Arbor, MI, United States.
authors.forename: Bruce M
authors.initials: BM
authors.lastname: Robinson
authors.affiliation: Arbor Research Collaborative for Health, Ann Arbor, MI, United States.
authors.forename: Ronald L
authors.initials: RL
authors.lastname: Pisoni
mesh_terms: D000223:Adaptation, Psychological; D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D001315:Australia; D002170:Canada; D015331:Cohort Studies; D017281:Cost of Illness; D003431:Cross-Cultural Comparison; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D007676:Kidney Failure, Chronic / Q000523:psychology* / Q000628:therapy*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010555:Personality Inventory / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D010865:Pilot Projects; D011446:Prospective Studies; D011594:Psychometrics / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D006435:Renal Dialysis / Q000523:psychology*; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D013548:Sweden; D055815:Young Adult
keywords: Confirmatory factor analysis; Coping; Cross-cultural research; Exploratory factor analysis; Hemodialysis