title: Cardioprotective effect of Vitex negundo on isoproterenol-induced myocardial necrosis in wistar rats: A dual approach study.
abstract: Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) are becoming the major cause of deaths worldwide, and their treatment demands novel therapeutic strategies. In this connection, we have identified p21 activated kinase 1 (PAK1) as a novel therapeutic target for the treatment of myocardial infarction (MI), where its expression is decreased when MI is induced with isoproterenol (ISO), which was brought back normal with pretreatment of Vitex negundo leaf ethanolic extract (VNE). These results were also supported by histopathological studies, cardiac markers, antioxidants, and inflammatory cytokines (NF-κB and IL-1β). Further studies with GC-MS analysis of VNE and in silico experiments confirmed 5,7-dihydroxy-6,4',-dimethoxy flavonone and 3',5-dihydroxy-6,7,4',-trimethoxyflavone are responsible for either maintaining or inducing the expression of PAK1 to protect from MI. Our findings for the first time revealed the use of phytoconstituents in the treatment of MI.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biochemistry, Sri Krishnadevaraya University, Anantapur 515003, India. Electronic address: emaruthip@gmail.com.
authors.forename: E Maruthi
authors.initials: EM
authors.lastname: Prasad
authors.affiliation: Biomedical Research Lab, Department of Biochemistry, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban 4000, South Africa.
authors.forename: Ramgopal
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Mopuri
authors.affiliation: Biomedical Research Lab, Department of Biochemistry, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban 4000, South Africa.
authors.forename: Md Shahidul
authors.initials: MS
authors.lastname: Islam
authors.affiliation: Department of Biochemistry, Sri Krishnadevaraya University, Anantapur 515003, India.
authors.forename: Lakshmi Devi
authors.initials: LD
authors.lastname: Kodidhela
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001665:Binding Sites; D005786:Gene Expression Regulation / Q000187:drug effects; D006331:Heart Diseases / Q000139:chemically induced* / Q000188:drug therapy; D008958:Models, Molecular; D009336:Necrosis / Q000139:chemically induced* / Q000188:drug therapy; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000737:chemistry / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D011487:Protein Conformation; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D020133:Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction; D020950:Vitex / Q000737:chemistry*; D054462:p21-Activated Kinases / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D010936:Plant Extracts; C515906:Pak1 protein, rat; D054462:p21-Activated Kinases
keywords: 5,7-Dihydroxy-6,4′; 5,7-Dihydroxy-6,4′,-ddimethoxy flavonone; Inflammatory cytokines; Isoproterenol; P21 activated kinase 1; Vitex negundo