title: Evaluation of a new solid non-aqueous self-double-emulsifying drug-delivery system for topical application of quercetin.
abstract: This study aimed to the evaluation of a new solid non-aqueous self-double-emulsifying drug-delivery system (SDEDDS) for topical application of quercetin. The new formulation was prepared through two-step emulsification process and could spontaneously form oil-in-oil-in-water (O/O/W) double emulsions after dilution with aqueous medium, with inner oil phase mainly containing the drug. Solid state characterisation was performed by DSC and X-ray powder diffraction. Furthermore, the optimised QT-SDEDDS displayed sustained release profile and was found to be stable up to 30 days under 4 °C and 25 °C. Antioxidant capacities showed that quercetin could be protected by the solid non-aqueous SDEDDS. Compared with the quercetin ethanol aqueous solution, the QT-SDEDDS exhibited higher permeation ability, and significantly increased accumulation of quercetin in the skin. These studies demonstrated that the solid non-aqueous SDEDDS might be a promising carrier for topical application of poorly water-soluble and simultaneously poorly oil-soluble drugs, such as quercetin.
authors.affiliation: a School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Bioelectronics , Southeast University , Nanjing , China.|b Collaborative Innovation Center of Suzhou Nano Science and Technology , Suzhou , China.
authors.forename: Qiang
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: a School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Bioelectronics , Southeast University , Nanjing , China.|b Collaborative Innovation Center of Suzhou Nano Science and Technology , Suzhou , China.
authors.forename: Caibiao
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Hu
authors.affiliation: a School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Bioelectronics , Southeast University , Nanjing , China.|b Collaborative Innovation Center of Suzhou Nano Science and Technology , Suzhou , China.
authors.forename: Hong
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: a School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Bioelectronics , Southeast University , Nanjing , China.|b Collaborative Innovation Center of Suzhou Nano Science and Technology , Suzhou , China.
authors.forename: Yali
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: c Department of Pharmacy, College of Medicine , Xi'an Jiaotong University , Xi'an , China.
authors.forename: Tian
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.affiliation: a School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Bioelectronics , Southeast University , Nanjing , China.|b Collaborative Innovation Center of Suzhou Nano Science and Technology , Suzhou , China.
authors.forename: Airui
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Qian
authors.affiliation: a School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Bioelectronics , Southeast University , Nanjing , China.|b Collaborative Innovation Center of Suzhou Nano Science and Technology , Suzhou , China.
authors.forename: Qiang
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Xia
mesh_terms: D000287:Administration, Topical; D000818:Animals; D000975:Antioxidants / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000737:chemistry / Q000493:pharmacokinetics*; D001713:Biphenyl Compounds / Q000737:chemistry; D016503:Drug Delivery Systems; D004655:Emulsions / Q000737:chemistry*; D005609:Free Radicals / Q000737:chemistry; D009821:Oils / Q000737:chemistry; D010851:Picrates / Q000737:chemistry; D011794:Quercetin / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000737:chemistry / Q000493:pharmacokinetics*; D012867:Skin / Q000378:metabolism*; D012869:Skin Absorption; D012995:Solubility; D013552:Swine; D014867:Water / Q000737:chemistry
chemical_list: D000975:Antioxidants; D001713:Biphenyl Compounds; D004655:Emulsions; D005609:Free Radicals; D009821:Oils; D010851:Picrates; D014867:Water; D011794:Quercetin; C004931:1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl
keywords: Quercetin; non-aqueous; self-double-emulsifying drug-delivery system; solid; topical application