title: Selective control of up-regulated and down-regulated genes by temporal patterns and doses of insulin.
abstract: Secretion of insulin transiently increases after eating, resulting in a high circulating concentration. Fasting limits insulin secretion, resulting in a low concentration of insulin in the circulation. We analyzed transcriptional responses to different temporal patterns and doses of insulin in the hepatoma FAO cells and identified 13 up-regulated and 16 down-regulated insulin-responsive genes (IRGs). The up-regulated IRGs responded more rapidly than did the down-regulated IRGs to transient stepwise or pulsatile increases in insulin concentration, whereas the down-regulated IRGs were repressed at lower concentrations of insulin than those required to stimulate the up-regulated IRGs. Mathematical modeling of the insulin response as two stages-(i) insulin signaling to transcription and (ii)transcription and mRNA stability-indicated that the first stage was the more rapid stage for the down-regulated IRGs, whereas the second stage of transcription was the more rapid stage for the up-regulated IRGs. A subset of the IRGs that were up-regulated or down-regulated in the FAO cells was similarly regulated in the livers of rats injected with a single dose of insulin. Thus, not only can cells respond to insulin but they can also interpret the intensity and pattern of signal to produce distinct transcriptional responses. These results provide insight that may be useful in treating obesity and type 2 diabetes associated with aberrant insulin production or tissue responsiveness.
authors.affiliation: Department of Computational Biology and Medical Sciences, Graduate School of Frontier Sciences, University of Tokyo, 5-1-5 Kashiwanoha, Kashiwa, Chiba 277-8562, Japan.
authors.forename: Takanori
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Sano
authors.affiliation: Department of Biological Sciences, Graduate School of Science, University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan.
authors.forename: Kentaro
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Kawata
authors.affiliation: Department of Biological Sciences, Graduate School of Science, University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan.
authors.forename: Satoshi
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Ohno
authors.affiliation: Department of Biological Sciences, Graduate School of Science, University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan.|Precursory Research for Embryonic Science and Technology (PRESTO), Japan Science and Technology Agency, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan.
authors.forename: Katsuyuki
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Yugi
authors.affiliation: Department of Computational Biology and Medical Sciences, Graduate School of Frontier Sciences, University of Tokyo, 5-1-5 Kashiwanoha, Kashiwa, Chiba 277-8562, Japan.
authors.forename: Hiroaki
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Kakuda
authors.affiliation: Division of Integrated Omics, Research Center for Transomics Medicine, Medical Institute of Bioregulation, Kyushu University, 3-1-1 Maidashi, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan.|PRESTO, Japan Science and Technology Agency, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan.
authors.forename: Hiroyuki
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Kubota
authors.affiliation: Division of Integrated Omics, Research Center for Transomics Medicine, Medical Institute of Bioregulation, Kyushu University, 3-1-1 Maidashi, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan.
authors.forename: Shinsuke
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Uda
authors.affiliation: Department of Biological Sciences, Graduate School of Science, University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan.
authors.forename: Masashi
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Fujii
authors.affiliation: Department of Biological Sciences, Graduate School of Science, University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan.
authors.forename: Katsuyuki
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Kunida
authors.affiliation: Department of Biological Sciences, Graduate School of Science, University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan.
authors.forename: Daisuke
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Hoshino
authors.affiliation: Department of Biological Sciences, Graduate School of Science, University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan.
authors.forename: Atsushi
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Hatano
authors.affiliation: Department of Computational Biology and Medical Sciences, Graduate School of Frontier Sciences, University of Tokyo, 5-1-5 Kashiwanoha, Kashiwa, Chiba 277-8562, Japan.
authors.forename: Yuki
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Ito
authors.affiliation: Department of Biological Sciences, Graduate School of Science, University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan.
authors.forename: Miharu
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Sato
authors.affiliation: Department of Computational Biology and Medical Sciences, Graduate School of Frontier Sciences, University of Tokyo, 5-1-5 Kashiwanoha, Kashiwa, Chiba 277-8562, Japan.
authors.forename: Yutaka
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Suzuki
authors.affiliation: Department of Computational Biology and Medical Sciences, Graduate School of Frontier Sciences, University of Tokyo, 5-1-5 Kashiwanoha, Kashiwa, Chiba 277-8562, Japan. skuroda@bs.s.u-tokyo.ac.jp.|Department of Biological Sciences, Graduate School of Science, University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan.|Core Research for Evolutional Science and Technology (CREST), Japan Science and Technology Agency, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan.
authors.forename: Shinya
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Kuroda
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D045744:Cell Line, Tumor; D015536:Down-Regulation / Q000187:drug effects*; D007328:Insulin / Q000494:pharmacology*; D051381:Rats; D015398:Signal Transduction / Q000187:drug effects*; D015854:Up-Regulation / Q000187:drug effects*
chemical_list: D007328:Insulin