title: A Retrospective Analysis of Risk Factors for Linezolid-Associated Hyponatremia in Japanese Patients.
abstract: Linezolid is an oxazolidinone antibiotic against Gram-positive bacteria. Although thrombocytopenia is a major adverse effect of linezolid, hyponatremia also often develops after linezolid administration. This study examined the frequency of hyponatremia that developed during linezolid treatment and identified its risk factors. In this retrospective, single-center, observational cohort study, 61 hospitalized patients treated with linezolid between January 2013 and January 2015 were analyzed. Hyponatremia was defined as a sodium level of ≤134 mEq/L for the duration of linezolid treatment. Its risk factors were identified via a logistic regression analysis. Hyponatremia occurred in 11 (18.0%) patients, and it was severe in a case (a sodium level of ≤128 mEq/L). Univariate and multiple logistic regression analyses identified the plasma C-reactive protein (CRP) level before the initial administration of linezolid and the concomitant use of a potassium-sparing diuretic as the independent variables associated with the development of hyponatremia. The odds ratios were 1.081 (95% confidence interval [CI]; 1.008-1.158) (p=0.028) and 11.017 (95% CI; 1.869-64.939) (p=0.008), respectively. Before linezolid treatment, the CRP levels of the hyponatremia group were significantly higher than those of the no-hyponatremia group (p<0.001). The frequency of hyponatremia development was significantly higher in the patients who received both the potassium-sparing diuretic and linezolid (p=0.016). These results suggest that the plasma sodium levels of patients with severe inflammation who are treated with linezolid and those of linezolid-treated patients co-administered a potassium-sparing diuretic should be continuously monitored.
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Oita University Hospital.
authors.forename: Ryota
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Tanaka
authors.forename: Yosuke
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Suzuki
authors.forename: Yukie
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Takumi
authors.forename: Motoshi
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Iwao
authors.forename: Yuhki
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Sato
authors.forename: Kazuhiko
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Hashinaga
authors.forename: Kazufumi
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Hiramatsu
authors.forename: Jun-Ichi
authors.initials: JI
authors.lastname: Kadota
authors.forename: Hiroki
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Itoh
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents / Q000009:adverse effects*; D044466:Asian People; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007010:Hyponatremia / Q000139:chemically induced* / Q000453:epidemiology; D007564:Japan / Q000453:epidemiology; D000069349:Linezolid / Q000009:adverse effects*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012307:Risk Factors
chemical_list: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents; D000069349:Linezolid