title: Within-group behavioural consequences of between-group conflict: a prospective review.
abstract: Conflict is rife in group-living species and exerts a powerful selective force. Group members face a variety of threats from extra-group conspecifics, from individuals looking for reproductive opportunities to rival groups seeking resources. Theory predicts that such between-group conflict should influence within-group behaviour. However, compared with the extensive literature on the consequences of within-group conflict, relatively little research has considered the behavioural impacts of between-group conflict. We give an overview of why between-group conflict is expected to influence subsequent behaviour among group members. We then use what is known about the consequences of within-group conflict to generate testable predictions about how between-group conflict might affect within-group behaviour in the aftermath. We consider the types of behaviour that could change and how the role of different group members in the conflict can exert an influence. Furthermore, we discuss how conflict characteristics and outcome, group size, social structure and within-group relationship quality might modulate post-conflict behavioural changes. Finally, we propose the need for consistent definitions, a broader range of examined behaviours and taxa, individual-focused data collection, complementary observational and experimental approaches, and a consideration of lasting effects if we are to understand fully the significant influence of between-group conflict on social behaviour.
authors.affiliation: School of Biological Sciences, University of Bristol, 24 Tyndall Avenue, Bristol BS8 1TQ, UK andy.radford@bristol.ac.uk.
authors.forename: Andrew N
authors.identifier: 0000-0001-5470-3463
authors.initials: AN
authors.lastname: Radford
authors.affiliation: School of Psychology, University of Lincoln, Brayford Pool, Lincoln LN6 7TS, UK.
authors.forename: Bonaventura
authors.identifier: 0000-0002-0235-3040
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Majolo
authors.affiliation: Instituto de Neuroetologia, Universidad Veracruzana, Xalapa 91000 Veracruz, Mexico.|Research Centre in Evolutionary Anthropology and Palaeoecology, Liverpool John Moore University, Liverpool L3 3AF, UK.
authors.forename: Filippo
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Aureli
mesh_terms: D000374:Aggression; D000818:Animals; D003220:Conflict, Psychological; D006801:Humans; D012098:Reproduction; D012919:Social Behavior
keywords: aggression; behavioural consequences; conflict; group living; social evolution