title: Review on modeling heat transfer and thermoregulatory responses in human body.
abstract: Several mathematical models of human thermoregulation have been developed, contributing to a deep understanding of thermal responses in different thermal conditions and applications. In these models, the human body is represented by two interacting systems of thermoregulation: the controlling active system and the controlled passive system. This paper reviews the recent research of human thermoregulation models. The accuracy and scope of the thermal models are improved, for the consideration of individual differences, integration to clothing models, exposure to cold and hot conditions, and the changes of physiological responses for the elders. The experimental validated methods for human subjects and manikin are compared. The coupled method is provided for the manikin, controlled by the thermal model as an active system. Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) is also used along with the manikin or/and the thermal model, to evaluate the thermal responses of human body in various applications, such as evaluation of thermal comfort to increase the energy efficiency, prediction of tolerance limits and thermal acceptability exposed to hostile environments, indoor air quality assessment in the car and aerospace industry, and design protective equipment to improve function of the human activities.
authors.affiliation: Hefei Institute for Public Safety Research, Tsinghua University, Hefei, Anhui Province 320601, China.
authors.forename: Ming
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Fu
authors.affiliation: Institute of Public Safety Research, Department of Engineering Physics, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China. Electronic address: wgweng@tsinghua.edu.cn.
authors.forename: Wenguo
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Weng
authors.affiliation: Institute of Public Safety Research, Department of Engineering Physics, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China.
authors.forename: Weiwang
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.affiliation: Institute of Public Safety Research, Department of Engineering Physics, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China.
authors.forename: Na
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Luo
mesh_terms: D001833:Body Temperature Regulation; D003198:Computer Simulation; D006801:Humans; D057446:Hydrodynamics; D008348:Manikins; D008954:Models, Biological; D013696:Temperature; D013814:Thermal Conductivity
keywords: Heat and mass transfer; Human thermoregulation; Mathematical model; Thermal environment; Thermoregulatory response