title: Radiographic results of augmented all-polyethylene glenoids in the presence of posterior glenoid bone loss during total shoulder arthroplasty.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Chronic osteoarthritis can result in glenohumeral subluxation and loss of posterior glenoid bone. This can alter normal glenohumeral biomechanics and affect the stress placed on the glenoid implant after total shoulder arthroplasty. This study evaluated the clinical and radiographic results of an augmented all-polyethylene glenoid for the treatment of glenoid osteoarthritis in the presence of posterior glenoid bone loss and determined whether any failures or complications occurred with short-term follow-up.
  
  
  METHODS
  During a 2-year period, 21 patients were treated with an augmented glenoid for an index diagnosis of osteoarthritis with a biconcave glenoid and average posterior glenoid bone loss of 4.7 mm. Clinical outcomes were recorded for the American Shoulder and Elbow Surgeons Shoulder Assessment, Simple Shoulder Test, and active motion. Radiographic analysis included glenoid version, humeral head subluxation, component seating, ingrowth, and loosening.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Significant improvements were demonstrated for American Shoulder and Elbow Surgeons Shoulder Assessment (52.3), Simple Shoulder Test (8.1), forward flexion (50°), external rotation (32°), and pain. Radiographic improvements were found for glenoid version (12°), humeral scapular alignment (23%), and humeral glenoid alignment (8%). Central peg ingrowth was demonstrated in all patients, and complete component seating was achieved in 19 patients. No complications were encountered, and no clinical or radiographic failures were identified.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Augmented polyethylene glenoid components demonstrated improved clinical outcome, without implant failure or complications, during short-term follow-up.
authors.affiliation: Fondren Orthopedic Group, Houston, TX, USA. Electronic address: Scott.stephens31@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Scott P
authors.initials: SP
authors.lastname: Stephens
authors.affiliation: Knoxville Orthopaedic Clinic, Knoxville, TN, USA.
authors.forename: Edwin E
authors.initials: EE
authors.lastname: Spencer
authors.affiliation: Department of Orthopaedics, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, USA.
authors.forename: Michael A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Wirth
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000072228:Arthroplasty, Replacement, Shoulder; D016025:Bone Transplantation; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010003:Osteoarthritis / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000601:surgery*; D020959:Polyethylene; D011474:Prosthesis Design; D016059:Range of Motion, Articular; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012399:Rotation; D012783:Shoulder Dislocation / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000601:surgery; D012785:Shoulder Joint / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000601:surgery*; D000072227:Shoulder Prosthesis; D064232:Visual Analog Scale
chemical_list: D020959:Polyethylene
keywords: Augmented glenoid; anchor peg glenoid; biconcave glenoid; glenoid loosening; glenoid retroversion; posterior glenoid bone loss; shoulder osteoarthritis; total shoulder arthroplasty