title: l-Methionine and silymarin: A comparison of prophylactic protective capabilities in acetaminophen-induced injuries of the liver, kidney and cerebral cortex.
abstract: We compared the relative protective abilities of silymarin and l-methionine pre-treatment in acetaminophen overdose injuries of the liver, kidney and cerebral cortex by assessing behaviours, antioxidant status, tissue histological changes and biochemical parameters of hepatic/renal function. Rats were divided into six groups of ten each; animals in five of these groups were pre-treated with oral distilled water, silymarin (25mg/kg) or l-methionine (2.5, 5 and 10mg/kg body weight) for 14days; and then administered intraperitoneal (i.p.) acetaminophen at 800mg/kg/day for 3days. Rats in the sixth group (normal control) received distilled water orally for 14days and then i.p. for 3days. Neurobehavioural tests were conducted 7days after last i.p treatment, and animals sacrificed on the 8th day. Plasma was assayed for biochemical markers of liver/kidney function; while sections of the liver, kidney and cerebral cortex were either homogenised for assay of antioxidant status or processed for histology. Acetaminophen overdose resulted in locomotor retardation, excessive self-grooming, working-memory impairment, anxiety, derangement of liver/kidney biochemistry, antioxidant imbalance, and histological changes in the liver, kidney and cerebral cortex. Administration of silymarin or increasing doses of l-methionine counteracted the behavioural changes, reversed biochemical indices of liver/kidney injury, and improved antioxidant activity. Silymarin and l-methionine also conferred variable degrees of tissue protection, on histology. Either silymarin or l-methionine can protect vulnerable tissues from acetaminophen overdose injury; however, each offers variable protection to different tissues. This study highlights an obstacle to seeking the 'ideal' protective agent against acetaminophen overdose.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Health Sciences, Ladoke Akintola University of Technology, Oshogbo, Osun State, Nigeria. Electronic address: olakunleonaolapo@yahoo.co.uk.
authors.forename: Olakunle J
authors.initials: OJ
authors.lastname: Onaolapo
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Health Sciences, Ladoke Akintola University of Technology, Oshogbo, Osun State, Nigeria.
authors.forename: Moses A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Adekola
authors.affiliation: Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Health Sciences, Ladoke Akintola University of Technology, Ogbomoso, Oyo State, Nigeria.
authors.forename: Taiwo O
authors.initials: TO
authors.lastname: Azeez
authors.affiliation: Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Health Sciences, Ladoke Akintola University of Technology, Ogbomoso, Oyo State, Nigeria.
authors.forename: Karimat
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Salami
authors.affiliation: Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Health Sciences, Ladoke Akintola University of Technology, Ogbomoso, Oyo State, Nigeria. Electronic address: adegbayibiy@yahoo.com.
authors.forename: Adejoke Y
authors.initials: AY
authors.lastname: Onaolapo
mesh_terms: D000082:Acetaminophen; D000818:Animals; D000975:Antioxidants / Q000494:pharmacology*; D001007:Anxiety / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000378:metabolism / Q000517:prevention & control; D001522:Behavior, Animal / Q000187:drug effects; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000378:metabolism; D001927:Brain Diseases / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology / Q000517:prevention & control*; D002540:Cerebral Cortex / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D056486:Chemical and Drug Induced Liver Injury / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology / Q000517:prevention & control*; D019610:Cytoprotection; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D006120:Grooming / Q000187:drug effects; D007668:Kidney / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D007674:Kidney Diseases / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology / Q000517:prevention & control*; D008099:Liver / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D008570:Memory, Short-Term / Q000187:drug effects; D008715:Methionine / Q000494:pharmacology*; D009043:Motor Activity / Q000187:drug effects; D009928:Organ Specificity; D018384:Oxidative Stress / Q000187:drug effects; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D012838:Silymarin / Q000494:pharmacology*; D065852:Spatial Memory / Q000187:drug effects; D013997:Time Factors; D015430:Weight Gain / Q000187:drug effects
chemical_list: D000975:Antioxidants; D015415:Biomarkers; D012838:Silymarin; D000082:Acetaminophen; D008715:Methionine
keywords: Antioxidant; Drug overdose; Oxidative stress; Silymarin; l-Methionine