title: Role of platelets in neutrophil extracellular trap (NET) production and tissue injury.
abstract: In addition to their well-known role as the cellular mediator of thrombosis, numerous studies have identified key roles for platelets during various disease processes. Importantly, platelets play a critical role in the host immune response, directly interacting with, and eliminating pathogens, from the blood stream. In addition to pathogen clearance, platelets also contribute to leukocyte recruitment at sites of infection and inflammation, and modulate leukocyte activity. Platelet interaction with activated neutrophils is a potent inducer of neutrophil extracellular trap (NET). NETs consist of a diffuse, sticky web of extracellular DNA, nuclear and granular proteins, and serve to ensnare and kill pathogens. In addition to catching pathogens, the cytotoxic molecules and proteases on NETs have the potential to inflict significant tissue damage. Additionally, NET components have been suggested to be key activators of infection-induced coagulopathy. These critical roles, at the interface between hemostasis and immunity, highlight the need for balance in the platelet response; too little platelet activity results in bleeding and immune deficit, too much leads to tissue pathogenesis. In this review, we highlight recent advances in our understanding of the role platelets play in inflammation, the link between platelets and NETs and the role platelets play in disease pathogenesis.
authors.affiliation: Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Infectious Diseases, University of Calgary, 3330 Hospital Drive NW, T2N 4N1, Calgary, AB, Canada.
authors.forename: Seok-Joo
authors.initials: SJ
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.affiliation: Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Infectious Diseases, University of Calgary, 3330 Hospital Drive NW, T2N 4N1, Calgary, AB, Canada. Electronic address: cnjenne@ucalgary.ca.
authors.forename: Craig N
authors.initials: CN
authors.lastname: Jenne
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D015415:Biomarkers; D001777:Blood Coagulation; D001792:Blood Platelets / Q000276:immunology* / Q000378:metabolism*; D002450:Cell Communication / Q000276:immunology; D065206:Extracellular Traps / Q000276:immunology* / Q000378:metabolism*; D006801:Humans; D007109:Immunity; D007249:Inflammation / Q000209:etiology / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D018836:Inflammation Mediators / Q000378:metabolism; D009504:Neutrophils / Q000276:immunology* / Q000378:metabolism*; D015539:Platelet Activation; D015398:Signal Transduction
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; D018836:Inflammation Mediators
keywords: Coagulation; Inflammation; Neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs); Neutrophils; Platelets