title: Judicial Reliance on Parental IQ in Appellate-Level Child Welfare Cases Involving Parents with Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Parents with intellectual and developmental disabilities (IDDs) are over-represented in child welfare cases. Although IQ per se is an invalid indicator of parenting abilities, this study examined the prevalence of judicial consideration of parental IQ test evidence in US appellate cases.
  
  
  METHODS
  The present authors conducted Boolean searches of Westlaw Corporation's case database since 1999. The present authors used a six-question checklist to survey the 42 most recent American appellate cases involving termination of parental rights (TPR) decisions that included evidence of parental intellectual and developmental disabilities based on IQ.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In 86% of cases, parental low IQ was presented as a barrier to parenting competence. Higher courts uphold TPR decision in 81% of cases involving parents with intellectual and developmental disabilities.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Parental IQ scores are routinely relied upon to judge parenting capacity in custody cases where parents have intellectual and developmental disabilities. The present authors recommend more comprehensive assessments examining a broader range of contextual variable that may impact on parenting abilities.
authors.affiliation: National Center for Parents with Disabilities and their Families, Berkeley, CA, USA.
authors.forename: Ella
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Callow
authors.affiliation: Centre for Applied Disability Studies, Brock University, St. Catharines, ON, Canada.
authors.forename: Munazza
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Tahir
authors.affiliation: Centre for Applied Disability Studies, Brock University, St. Catharines, ON, Canada.
authors.forename: Maurice
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Feldman
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D002648:Child; D002655:Child Custody / Q000331:legislation & jurisprudence*; D002669:Child Welfare / Q000331:legislation & jurisprudence*; D002658:Developmental Disabilities; D006801:Humans; D008607:Intellectual Disability; D007360:Intelligence / Q000502:physiology*; D016487:Parenting; D010290:Parents; D014481:United States
keywords: 
  IQ
  ; child welfare; court cases; parents with intellectual disabilities