title: [Hyperinsulinemia and insulin resistance in children].
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Obesity during childhood is a risk factor for developing cardiovascular diseases during adulthood.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To measure insulin and glucose levels and parameters of insulin resistance in obese, overweight and normal weight Mexican children.
  
  
  METHODS
  Comparative study of 21 obese children with a body mass index (BMI) over percentile 95, aged 10 ± 1 years (10 males), 14 children aged 10 ± 2 (7 males) with a BMI between percentiles 85 and 94 and 16 children aged 9 ± 2 years (3 males) with a body mass index between percentiles 10 and 84. Body weight, blood pressure and waist circumference were measured and a blood sample was obtained to measure fasting glucose and insulin levels. Homeostasis model of insulin resistance (HOMA) and quantitative insulin sensitivity check index (QUICKI) were calculated.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Among obese, overweight and normal weight children, insulin levels were 14.9 (95% CI 10.90-18.99), 7.20 (CI 5.12-9.28) and 4.73 (CI 95% 1.92-7.53) uU/ml, respectively. The figures for HOMA were 3.16 (95% CI 2.20-4.12), 1.49 (95% CI 1.03-1.94) and 0.97 (95% CI 0.35-1.60), respectively. The figures for QUICKI were 0.331 (95% CI 0.319-0.343), 0.371 (95% CI 0.349-0.393) and 0.419 (95% CI 0.391-0.446), respectively. Compared to their normal weight counterparts, the risk of obese children and those with a waist circumference over percentile 90 of having a HOMA over 3.16 was 17 and 10 times higher, respectively. BMI correlated better than waist circumference with insulin levels.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Obese children have higher levels of insulin resistance than their normal weight counterparts.
authors.forename: Ana Beatriz
authors.initials: AB
authors.lastname: Rosas-Sumano
authors.forename: Francisco Javier
authors.initials: FJ
authors.lastname: Rodal-Canales
authors.forename: Margarita
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Barrientos Pérez
authors.forename: Beatriz Eugenia
authors.initials: BE
authors.lastname: Cárdenas-Morales
authors.forename: Laura
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Pérez-Campos Mayoral
authors.forename: Eduardo
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Pérez-Campos
mesh_terms: D015415:Biomarkers / Q000097:blood; D015992:Body Mass Index; D002648:Child; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D006946:Hyperinsulinism / Q000097:blood* / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000209:etiology; D007328:Insulin / Q000097:blood*; D007333:Insulin Resistance; D008297:Male; D008800:Mexico / Q000453:epidemiology; D009765:Obesity / Q000097:blood* / Q000150:complications / Q000453:epidemiology; D012307:Risk Factors; D012737:Sex Factors; D055105:Waist Circumference
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; D007328:Insulin