title: New Insight in Improving Therapeutic Efficacy of Antipsychotic Agents: An Overview of Improved In Vitro and In Vivo Performance, Efficacy Upgradation and Future Prospects.
abstract: Psychotic disorders are recognized as severe mental disorders that rigorously affect patient's personality, critical thinking, and perceptional ability. High prevalence, global dissemination and limitations of conventional pharmacological approaches compel a significant burden to the patient, medical professionals and the healthcare system. To date, numerous orally administered therapies are available for the management of depressive disorders, schizophrenia, anxiety, bipolar disorders and autism spectrum problems. However, poor water solubility, erratic oral absorption, extensive first-pass metabolism, low oral bioavailability and short half-lives are the major factors which limit the pharmaceutical significance and therapeutic feasibility of these agents. In recent decades, nanotechnology-based delivery systems have gained remarkable attention of the researchers to mitigate the pharmaceutical issues related to the antipsychotic therapies and to optimize their oral drug delivery, therapeutic outcomes, and patient compliance. Therefore, the present review was aimed to summarize the available in vitro and in vivo evidences signifying the pharmaceutical importance of the advanced delivery systems in improving the aqueous solubility, transmembrane permeability, oral bioavailability and therapeutic outcome of the antipsychotic agents.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Jalan Yaacob Latif, Bandar Tun Razak 56000 Cheras, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
authors.forename: Hnin
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Ei Thu
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy Universiti Teknologi MARA, Puncak Alam Campus, Bandar Puncak Alam 42300, Selangor, Malaysia.
authors.forename: Zahid
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Hussain
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Jalan Yaacob Latif, Bandar Tun Razak 56000 Cheras, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
authors.forename: Ahmad Nazrun
authors.initials: AN
authors.lastname: Shuid
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D014150:Antipsychotic Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000737:chemistry / Q000493:pharmacokinetics; D001682:Biological Availability; D016503:Drug Delivery Systems; D006207:Half-Life; D006801:Humans; D001523:Mental Disorders / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000503:physiopathology; D036103:Nanotechnology; D010539:Permeability; D012995:Solubility
chemical_list: D014150:Antipsychotic Agents
keywords: Antipsychotic agents; aqueous solubility; efficacy-upgradation; nanotechnology; oral bioavailability; pharmacokinetic
  profile; psychiatric disorders.