title: Perilla frutescens leaves extract ameliorates ultraviolet radiation-induced extracellular matrix damage in human dermal fibroblasts and hairless mice skin.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Perilla frutescens (L.) Britt. (Lamiaceae) is a traditional herb that is consumed in East Asian countries as a traditional medicine. This traditional herb has been documented for centuries to treat various diseases such as depression, allergies, inflammation and asthma. However, the effect of Perilla frutescens on skin has not been characterized well.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  The present study aimed to investigate the effect of Perilla frutescens leaves extract (PLE) on ultraviolet radiation-induced extracellular matrix damage in human dermal fibroblasts and hairless mice skin.
  
  
  METHODS
  Human dermal fibroblasts and Skh-1 hairless mice were irradiated with UV and treated with PLE. Protein and mRNA levels of various target molecules were analyzed by western blotting and quantitative RT-PCR, respectively. Histological changes of mouse skin were analyzed by H&E staining. To elucidate underlying mechanism of PLE, activator protein-1 (AP-1) DNA binding assay and the measurement of reactive oxygen species (ROS) were performed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  PLE significantly inhibited basal and UV-induced MMP-1 and MMP-3 expression dose-dependently, and also decreased UV-induced phosphorylation of extracellular signal-regulated kinases and c-Jun N-terminal kinases. This inhibitory effects of PLE on MMP-1 and MMP-3 were mediated by reduction of ROS generation and AP-1 DNA binding activity induced by UV. Furthermore, PLE promoted type I procollagen production irrespective of UV irradiation. In the UV-irradiated animal model, PLE significantly reduced epidermal skin thickness and MMP-13 expression induced by UV.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our results demonstrate that PLE has the protective effect against UV-induced dermal matrix damage. Therefore, we suggest that PLE can be a potential agent for prevention of skin aging.
authors.affiliation: Department of Dermatology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, 101, Daehak-ro Jongno-gu, Seoul, Korea; Laboratory of Cutaneous Aging Research, Biomedical Research Institute, Seoul National University Hospital, 101, Daehak-ro Jongno-gu, Seoul, Korea; Instutite of Human-Environment Interface Biology, Seoul National University, 101, Daehak-ro Jongno-gu, Seoul, Korea.
authors.forename: Jung-Soo
authors.initials: JS
authors.lastname: Bae
authors.affiliation: Department of Dermatology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, 101, Daehak-ro Jongno-gu, Seoul, Korea; Laboratory of Cutaneous Aging Research, Biomedical Research Institute, Seoul National University Hospital, 101, Daehak-ro Jongno-gu, Seoul, Korea; Instutite of Human-Environment Interface Biology, Seoul National University, 101, Daehak-ro Jongno-gu, Seoul, Korea.
authors.forename: Mira
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Han
authors.affiliation: Korea Food Research Institute, Seongnam-si, Kyeonggi-do 463-746, Korea.
authors.forename: Hee Soon
authors.initials: HS
authors.lastname: Shin
authors.affiliation: Department of Dermatology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, 101, Daehak-ro Jongno-gu, Seoul, Korea; Laboratory of Cutaneous Aging Research, Biomedical Research Institute, Seoul National University Hospital, 101, Daehak-ro Jongno-gu, Seoul, Korea; Instutite of Human-Environment Interface Biology, Seoul National University, 101, Daehak-ro Jongno-gu, Seoul, Korea.
authors.forename: Min-Kyoung
authors.initials: MK
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.affiliation: Department of Dermatology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, 101, Daehak-ro Jongno-gu, Seoul, Korea; Laboratory of Cutaneous Aging Research, Biomedical Research Institute, Seoul National University Hospital, 101, Daehak-ro Jongno-gu, Seoul, Korea; Instutite of Human-Environment Interface Biology, Seoul National University, 101, Daehak-ro Jongno-gu, Seoul, Korea.
authors.forename: Chang-Yup
authors.initials: CY
authors.lastname: Shin
authors.affiliation: Department of Dermatology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, 101, Daehak-ro Jongno-gu, Seoul, Korea; Laboratory of Cutaneous Aging Research, Biomedical Research Institute, Seoul National University Hospital, 101, Daehak-ro Jongno-gu, Seoul, Korea; Instutite of Human-Environment Interface Biology, Seoul National University, 101, Daehak-ro Jongno-gu, Seoul, Korea. Electronic address: ivymed27@snu.ac.kr.
authors.forename: Dong Hun
authors.initials: DH
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.affiliation: Department of Dermatology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, 101, Daehak-ro Jongno-gu, Seoul, Korea; Laboratory of Cutaneous Aging Research, Biomedical Research Institute, Seoul National University Hospital, 101, Daehak-ro Jongno-gu, Seoul, Korea; Instutite of Human-Environment Interface Biology, Seoul National University, 101, Daehak-ro Jongno-gu, Seoul, Korea; SNU Institute on Aging, 101, Daehak-ro Jongno-gu, Seoul, Korea. Electronic address: jhchung@snu.ac.kr.
authors.forename: Jin Ho
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Chung
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000818:Animals; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D002648:Child; D024042:Collagen Type I / Q000378:metabolism; D003879:Dermatologic Agents / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000494:pharmacology*; D020405:Dermis / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology / Q000528:radiation effects; D005109:Extracellular Matrix / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology / Q000528:radiation effects; D048049:Extracellular Signal-Regulated MAP Kinases / Q000378:metabolism; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D048031:JNK Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases / Q000378:metabolism; D008297:Male; D020782:Matrix Metalloproteinases / Q000378:metabolism; D008812:Mice, Hairless; D031344:Perilla frutescens / Q000737:chemistry*; D010766:Phosphorylation; D008517:Phytotherapy; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000494:pharmacology*; D018515:Plant Leaves / Q000737:chemistry*; D010946:Plants, Medicinal; D011347:Procollagen / Q000378:metabolism; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species / Q000378:metabolism; D015398:Signal Transduction / Q000187:drug effects; D012867:Skin / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology / Q000528:radiation effects; D015595:Skin Aging / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000528:radiation effects; D018808:Transcription Factor AP-1 / Q000378:metabolism; D014466:Ultraviolet Rays / Q000009:adverse effects*; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D024042:Collagen Type I; D003879:Dermatologic Agents; D010936:Plant Extracts; D011347:Procollagen; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species; D018808:Transcription Factor AP-1; D048049:Extracellular Signal-Regulated MAP Kinases; D048031:JNK Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases; D020782:Matrix Metalloproteinases
keywords: Matrix metalloproteinases; Perilla frutescens leaves extract; Photoaging; Reactive oxygen species; Type I collagen; Ultraviolet