title: Exploring lot-to-lot variation in spoilage bacterial communities on commercial modified atmosphere packaged beef.
abstract: Understanding the factors influencing meat bacterial communities is important as these communities are largely responsible for meat spoilage. The composition and structure of a bacterial community on a high-O2modified-atmosphere packaged beef product were examined after packaging, on the use-by date and two days after, to determine whether the communities at each stage were similar to those in samples taken from different production lots. Furthermore, we examined whether the taxa associated with product spoilage were distributed across production lots. Results from 16S rRNA amplicon sequencing showed that while the early samples harbored distinct bacterial communities, after 8-12 days storage at 6 °C the communities were similar to those in samples from different lots, comprising mainly of common meat spoilage bacteria Carnobacterium spp., Brochothrix spp., Leuconostoc spp. and Lactococcus spp. Interestingly, abundant operational taxonomic units associated with product spoilage were shared between the production lots, suggesting that the bacteria enable to spoil the product were constant contaminants in the production chain. A characteristic succession pattern and the distribution of common spoilage bacteria between lots suggest that both the packaging type and the initial community structure influenced the development of the spoilage bacterial community.
authors.affiliation: Department of Food Hygiene and Environmental Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Helsinki, Finland. Electronic address: elina.sade@helsinki.fi.
authors.forename: Elina
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Säde
authors.affiliation: Department of Food Hygiene and Environmental Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Helsinki, Finland.
authors.forename: Katri
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Penttinen
authors.affiliation: Department of Food Hygiene and Environmental Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Helsinki, Finland.
authors.forename: Johanna
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Björkroth
authors.affiliation: Department of Food Hygiene and Environmental Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Helsinki, Finland.
authors.forename: Jenni
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Hultman
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D058491:Bacterial Load; D058640:Brochothrix / Q000235:genetics / Q000302:isolation & purification; D056573:Carnobacterium / Q000235:genetics / Q000302:isolation & purification; D002417:Cattle; D004269:DNA, Bacterial; D005516:Food Microbiology; D018857:Food Packaging; D061353:Food Storage / Q000592:standards*; D017045:Lactococcus / Q000235:genetics / Q000302:isolation & purification; D007934:Leuconostoc / Q000235:genetics / Q000302:isolation & purification; D064307:Microbiota / Q000235:genetics / Q000502:physiology; D012336:RNA, Ribosomal, 16S / Q000235:genetics; D000069466:Red Meat / Q000382:microbiology*
chemical_list: D004269:DNA, Bacterial; D012336:RNA, Ribosomal, 16S
keywords: Beef; Meat microbiome; Modified atmosphere packaging; Shelf life; Spoilage