title: Graphite//LiNi0.5Mn1.5O4Cells Based on Environmentally Friendly Made-in-Water Electrodes.
abstract: The performance of graphite//LiNi0.5Mn1.5O4(LNMO) cells, both electrodes of which are made using water-soluble sodium carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) binder, is reported for the first time. The full cell performed outstandingly over 400 cycles in the conventional electrolyte ethylene carbonate/dimethyl carbonate-1 m LiPF6, and the delivered specific energy at the 100th, 200th, 300th, and 400th cycle corresponded to 82, 78, 73, and 66 %, respectively, of the initial energy value of 259 Wh kg-1(referring to the sum of the two electrode-composite weights). The good stability of high-voltage, LNMO-CMC-based electrodes upon long-term cycling is discussed and the results are compared to those of LNMO-composite electrodes with polyvinylidene fluoride (PVdF). LNMO-CMC electrodes outperformed those with PVdF binder, displaying a capacity retention of 83 % compared to 62 % for the PVdF-based electrodes after 400 cycles at 1 C. CMC promotes a more compact and stable electrode surface than PVdF; undesired interfacial reactions at high operating voltages are mitigated, and the thickness of the passivation layer on the LNMO surface is reduced, thereby enhancing its cycling stability.
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry «Giacomo Ciamician», Alma Mater Studiorum Università di Bologna, Via Selmi 2, 40126, Bologna, Italy.
authors.forename: Francesca
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: De Giorgio
authors.affiliation: Electrochemistry I, Helmholtz Institute Ulm (HIU), Helmholtzstrasse 11, 89081, Ulm, Germany.|Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), P.O. Box 3640, 76021, Karlsruhe, Germany.
authors.forename: Nina
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Laszczynski
authors.affiliation: Electrochemistry I, Helmholtz Institute Ulm (HIU), Helmholtzstrasse 11, 89081, Ulm, Germany.|Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), P.O. Box 3640, 76021, Karlsruhe, Germany.
authors.forename: Jan
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: von Zamory
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry «Giacomo Ciamician», Alma Mater Studiorum Università di Bologna, Via Selmi 2, 40126, Bologna, Italy.
authors.forename: Marina
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Mastragostino
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry «Giacomo Ciamician», Alma Mater Studiorum Università di Bologna, Via Selmi 2, 40126, Bologna, Italy.
authors.forename: Catia
authors.identifier: 0000-0003-2866-4717
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Arbizzani
authors.affiliation: Electrochemistry I, Helmholtz Institute Ulm (HIU), Helmholtzstrasse 11, 89081, Ulm, Germany.|Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), P.O. Box 3640, 76021, Karlsruhe, Germany.
authors.forename: Stefano
authors.identifier: 0000-0002-6606-5304
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Passerini
mesh_terms: D002266:Carboxymethylcellulose Sodium / Q000737:chemistry; D011211:Electric Power Supplies; D004563:Electrochemistry; D004566:Electrodes; D006108:Graphite / Q000737:chemistry*; D055772:Green Chemistry Technology; D017895:Manganese Compounds / Q000737:chemistry; D009532:Nickel / Q000737:chemistry; D010087:Oxides / Q000737:chemistry*; D014867:Water / Q000737:chemistry*
chemical_list: D017895:Manganese Compounds; D010087:Oxides; D014867:Water; D006108:Graphite; D009532:Nickel; D002266:Carboxymethylcellulose Sodium
keywords: LNMO; energy conversion; high-voltage cathode; lithium; water-soluble binder