title: Honour and subsistence: invention, credit and surgery in the nineteenth century.
abstract: The origins of contemporary exclusion of surgical methods from patenting lie in the complexities of managing credit claims in operative surgery, recognized in the nineteenth century. While surgical methods were not deemed patentable, surgeons were nevertheless embedded within patent culture. In an atmosphere of heightened awareness about the importance of 'inventors', how surgeons should be recognized and rewarded for their inventions was an important question. I examine an episode during the 1840s which seemed to concretize the inapplicability of patents to surgical practice, before looking at alternatives to patenting, used by surgeons to gain social and financial credit for inventions.
authors.affiliation: *2nd Floor,Gibson Building,Radcliffe Observatory Quarter,University of Oxford,Woodstock Road,Oxford,OX2 6GG,UK. Email:Sally.frampton@ell.ox.ac.uk.
authors.forename: Sally
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Frampton
mesh_terms: D004992:Ethics, Medical / Q000266:history; D013502:General Surgery / Q000266:history* / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods; D049672:History, 19th Century; D062069:Inventions / Q000266:history*; D066231:Surgeons / Q000266:history*; D006113:United Kingdom