title: Valley of death: A proposal to build a "translational bridge" for the next generation.
abstract: There is a great need for novel drug discovery for major mental illnesses, but multiple levels of challenges exist in both academia and industry, spanning from scientific understanding and institutional infrastructure to business risk and feasibility. The "valley of death," the large gap between basic scientific research and translation to novel therapeutics, underscores the need to restructure education and academic research to cultivate the fertile interface between academia and industry. In this opinion piece, we propose strategies to educate young trainees in the process of drug discovery and development, and prepare them for careers across this spectrum. In addition, we describe a research framework that considers the disease trajectory and underlying biology of mental disorders, which will help to address the core pathophysiology in novel treatments, and may even allow early detection and intervention. We hope that these changes will increase understanding among academia, industry, and government, which will ultimately improve the diagnosis, prognosis and treatment of mental disorders.
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21287, United States.
authors.forename: Nao J
authors.initials: NJ
authors.lastname: Gamo
authors.affiliation: Synaptic Transmission, H. Lundbeck A/S, Valby, Denmark.
authors.forename: Michelle R
authors.initials: MR
authors.lastname: Birknow
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21287, United States.
authors.forename: Danielle
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Sullivan
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21287, United States.
authors.forename: Mari A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Kondo
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21287, United States.
authors.forename: Yasue
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Horiuchi
authors.affiliation: Department of Drug Discovery Medicine, Medical Innovation Center, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan.
authors.forename: Takeshi
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Sakurai
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins Drug Discovery, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, United States.
authors.forename: Barbara S
authors.initials: BS
authors.lastname: Slusher
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21287, United States. Electronic address: asawa1@jhmi.edu.
authors.forename: Akira
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Sawa
mesh_terms: D055808:Drug Discovery / Q000193:education / Q000379:methods; D007391:International Cooperation; D001523:Mental Disorders / Q000188:drug therapy*; D011619:Psychotropic Drugs / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D057170:Translational Research, Biomedical
chemical_list: D011619:Psychotropic Drugs
keywords: Dimensional approach; Drug development; Drug discovery; Education; Psychiatric disorders; Translational research; Valley of death