title: Biomimetic Sniffing Improves the Detection Performance of a 3D Printed Nose of a Dog and a Commercial Trace Vapor Detector.
abstract: Unlike current chemical trace detection technology, dogs actively sniff to acquire an odor sample. Flow visualization experiments with an anatomically-similar 3D printed dog's nose revealed the external aerodynamics during canine sniffing, where ventral-laterally expired air jets entrain odorant-laden air toward the nose, thereby extending the "aerodynamic reach" for inspiration of otherwise inaccessible odors. Chemical sampling and detection experiments quantified two modes of operation with the artificial nose-active sniffing and continuous inspiration-and demonstrated an increase in odorant detection by a factor of up to 18 for active sniffing. A 16-fold improvement in detection was demonstrated with a commercially-available explosives detector by applying this bio-inspired design principle and making the device "sniff" like a dog. These lessons learned from the dog may benefit the next-generation of vapor samplers for explosives, narcotics, pathogens, or even cancer, and could inform future bio-inspired designs for optimized sampling of odor plumes.
authors.affiliation: Material Measurement Laboratory, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, MD 20899, USA.
authors.forename: Matthew E
authors.initials: ME
authors.lastname: Staymates
authors.affiliation: Material Measurement Laboratory, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, MD 20899, USA.
authors.forename: William A
authors.initials: WA
authors.lastname: MacCrehan
authors.affiliation: Material Measurement Laboratory, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, MD 20899, USA.
authors.forename: Jessica L
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: Staymates
authors.affiliation: Chemical, Microsystem, and Nanoscale Technologies, Massachusetts Institute of Technology Lincoln Laboratory, Lexington, MA 02421, USA.
authors.forename: Roderick R
authors.initials: RR
authors.lastname: Kunz
authors.affiliation: Chemical, Microsystem, and Nanoscale Technologies, Massachusetts Institute of Technology Lincoln Laboratory, Lexington, MA 02421, USA.
authors.forename: Thomas
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Mendum
authors.affiliation: Chemical, Microsystem, and Nanoscale Technologies, Massachusetts Institute of Technology Lincoln Laboratory, Lexington, MA 02421, USA.
authors.forename: Ta-Hsuan
authors.initials: TH
authors.lastname: Ong
authors.affiliation: Chemical, Microsystem, and Nanoscale Technologies, Massachusetts Institute of Technology Lincoln Laboratory, Lexington, MA 02421, USA.
authors.forename: Geoffrey
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Geurtsen
authors.affiliation: Material Measurement Laboratory, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, MD 20899, USA.
authors.forename: Greg J
authors.initials: GJ
authors.lastname: Gillen
authors.affiliation: Division of Applied Mechanics, Office of Science and Engineering Laboratories, Center for Devices and Radiological Health, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, MD 20993, USA.
authors.forename: Brent A
authors.initials: BA
authors.lastname: Craven
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D032701:Biomimetics; D004285:Dogs; D062609:Electronic Nose; D009666:Nose / Q000033:anatomy & histology / Q000502:physiology; D066330:Printing, Three-Dimensional; D012903:Smell