title: A Broader Understanding of Moral Distress.
abstract: On the traditional view, moral distress arises only in cases where an individual believes she knows the morally right thing to do but fails to perform that action due to various constraints. We seek to motivate a broader understanding of moral distress. We begin by presenting six types of distress that fall outside the bounds of the traditional definition and explaining why they should be recognized as forms of moral distress. We then propose and defend a new and more expansive definition of moral distress and examine how it can enable the development of a taxonomy of moral distress.
authors.affiliation: a Bentley University.
authors.forename: Stephen M
authors.initials: SM
authors.lastname: Campbell
authors.affiliation: b University of Pennsylvania.
authors.forename: Connie M
authors.initials: CM
authors.lastname: Ulrich
authors.affiliation: c National Institutes of Health.
authors.forename: Christine
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Grady
mesh_terms: D006801:Humans; D009014:Morals; D013315:Stress, Psychological
keywords: decision making; medicine; moral theory; professional ethics; professional-patient relationship