title: Evaluation of coronary artery disease in potential liver transplant recipients.
abstract: Improvements in the management of patients undergoing liver transplantation (LT) have resulted in a significant increase in survival in recent years. Cardiac disease is now the leading cause of early mortality, and the stress of major surgery, hemodynamic shifts, and the possibilities of hemorrhage or reperfusion syndrome require the recipient to have good baseline cardiac function. The prevalence of coronary artery disease (CAD) is increasing in LT candidates, especially in those with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. In assessing LT recipients, we suggest a management paradigm of "quadruple assessment" to include (1) history, examination, and electrocardiogram; (2) transthoracic echocardiogram; (3) functional testing; and (4) where appropriate, direct assessment of CAD. The added value of functional testing, such as cardiopulmonary exercise testing, has been shown to be able to predict posttransplant complications independently of the presence of CV disease. This approach gives the assessment team the greatest chance of detecting and preventing complications related to CAD. Liver Transplantation 23 386-395 2017 AASLD.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Liver Studies, King's College Hospital, National Health Service Foundation Trust, London, UK.
authors.forename: Brian J
authors.initials: BJ
authors.lastname: Hogan
authors.affiliation: Institute of Liver Studies, King's College Hospital, National Health Service Foundation Trust, London, UK.
authors.forename: Enoka
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Gonsalkorala
authors.affiliation: Institute of Liver Studies, King's College Hospital, National Health Service Foundation Trust, London, UK.
authors.forename: Michael A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Heneghan
mesh_terms: D017023:Coronary Angiography; D003324:Coronary Artery Disease / Q000150:complications / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000628:therapy; D004562:Electrocardiography; D058625:End Stage Liver Disease / Q000150:complications / Q000401:mortality / Q000601:surgery*; D005080:Exercise Test; D006801:Humans; D007431:Intraoperative Complications / Q000517:prevention & control; D016031:Liver Transplantation / Q000009:adverse effects*; D008875:Middle Aged; D016343:Monitoring, Intraoperative / Q000379:methods; D065626:Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease / Q000150:complications* / Q000401:mortality / Q000601:surgery; D019990:Perioperative Care / Q000379:methods*; D059035:Perioperative Period; D015995:Prevalence; D012307:Risk Factors; D012720:Severity of Illness Index; D066027:Transplant Recipients