title: Biofilm-mediated Antibiotic-resistant Oral Bacterial Infections: Mechanism and Combat Strategies.
abstract: Oral diseases like dental caries and periodontal disease are directly associated with the capability of bacteria to form biofilm. Periodontal diseases have been associated to anaerobic Gram-negative bacteria forming a subgingival plaque (Porphyromonas gingivalis, Actinobacillus, Prevotella and Fusobacterium). Biofilm is a complex bacterial community that is highly resistant to antibiotics and human immunity. Biofilm communities are the causative agents of biological developments such as dental caries, periodontitis, peri-implantitis and causing periodontal tissue breakdown. The review recapitulates the latest advancements in treatment of clinical biofilm infections and scientific investigations, while these novel anti-biofilm strategies are still in nascent phases of development, efforts dedicated to these technologies could ultimately lead to anti-biofilm therapies that are superior to the current antibiotic treatment. This paper provides a review of the literature focusing on the studies on biofilm in the oral cavity, formation of dental plaque biofilm, drug resistance of bacterial biofilm and the antibiofilm approaches as biofilm preventive agents in dentistry, and their mechanism of biofilm inhibition.
authors.affiliation: University Institute of Pharmacy, Faculty of Technology, Pt. Ravishankar Shukla University, Raipur (CG), India.
authors.forename: Indulata
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Kanwar
authors.affiliation: University Institute of Pharmacy, Faculty of Technology, Pt. Ravishankar Shukla University, Raipur (CG), India.
authors.forename: Abhishek K
authors.initials: AK
authors.lastname: Sah
authors.affiliation: University Institute of Pharmacy, Pt. Ravishankar Shukla University, Raipur-492010, Chhattisgarh, India.
authors.forename: Preeti K
authors.initials: PK
authors.lastname: Suresh
mesh_terms: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents / Q000494:pharmacology*; D001424:Bacterial Infections / Q000188:drug therapy*; D018441:Biofilms / Q000187:drug effects; D003731:Dental Caries / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000382:microbiology; D024881:Drug Resistance, Bacterial / Q000187:drug effects; D006090:Gram-Negative Bacteria / Q000187:drug effects; D006801:Humans; D008826:Microbial Sensitivity Tests; D010510:Periodontal Diseases / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000382:microbiology
chemical_list: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents
keywords: Dental caries; anti-biofilm approaches; antibiotic.; periodontal disease