title: The bone regenerative capacity of canine mesenchymal stem cells is regulated by site-specific multilineage differentiation.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) offer a promising therapy in dentistry because of their multipotent properties. Selecting donor MSCs is crucial because Beagle dogs (canines) commonly used in preclinical studies have shown variable outcomes, and it is unclear whether canine MSCs (cMSCs) are skeletal site specific. This study tested whether jaw and long bone cMSCs have disparate in vitro and in vivo multilineage differentiation capabilities.
  
  
  METHODS
  Primary cMSCs were isolated from the mandible (M-cMSCs) and femur (F-cMSCs) of four healthy Beagle dogs. The femur served as the non-oral control. Clonogenic and proliferative abilities were assessed. In vitro osteogenic, chondrogenic, adipogenic, and neural multilineage differentiation were correlated with in vivo bone regeneration and potential for clinical applications.
  
  
  RESULTS
  M-cMSCs displayed two-fold increase in clonogenic and proliferative capacities relative to F-cMSCs (P = .006). M-cMSCs in vitro osteogenesis based on alkaline phosphatase (P = .04), bone sialoprotein (P = .05), and osteocalcin (P = .03), as well as adipogenesis (P = .007) and chondrogenesis (P = .009), were relatively higher and correlated with enhanced M-cMSC bone regenerative capacity. Neural expression markers, nestin and βIII-tubulin, were not significantly different.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The enhanced differentiation and bone regenerative capacity of mandible MSCs may make them favorable donor graft materials for site-specific jaw bone regeneration.
authors.affiliation: Department of Oral Medicine, School of Dental Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
authors.forename: Juan
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Bugueño
authors.affiliation: Department of Oral Medicine, School of Dental Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
authors.forename: Weihua
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: Department of Oral Medicine, School of Dental Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
authors.forename: Pinky
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Salat
authors.affiliation: Department of Orthopedics School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
authors.forename: Ling
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Qin
authors.affiliation: Department of Oral Medicine, School of Dental Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA. Electronic address: Akintoye@upenn.edu.
authors.forename: Sunday O
authors.initials: SO
authors.lastname: Akintoye
mesh_terms: D050156:Adipogenesis / Q000502:physiology; D000469:Alkaline Phosphatase / Q000378:metabolism; D000818:Animals; D015153:Blotting, Western; D001861:Bone Regeneration / Q000502:physiology*; D002454:Cell Differentiation / Q000502:physiology*; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D020219:Chondrogenesis / Q000502:physiology; D004285:Dogs; D005269:Femur / Q000166:cytology; D058574:Integrin-Binding Sialoprotein / Q000378:metabolism; D008334:Mandible / Q000166:cytology; D059630:Mesenchymal Stem Cells / Q000502:physiology*; D064231:Nestin / Q000378:metabolism; D015675:Osteocalcin / Q000378:metabolism; D010012:Osteogenesis / Q000502:physiology; D014404:Tubulin / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D058574:Integrin-Binding Sialoprotein; D064231:Nestin; C498585:TUBB3 protein, human; D014404:Tubulin; D015675:Osteocalcin; D000469:Alkaline Phosphatase