title: In vitro investigation of ultrasound-induced oxidative stress on human lens epithelial cells.
abstract: The effect of ultrasound exposure on human lens epithelial cells (HLE-B3) was investigated in vitro, specifically on the generation of oxidative stress upon ultrasound application using various clinically-relevant settings. In addition to ultrasound-induced heat effects, oxidative stress has been recently proposed as one of the main mechanisms for ultrasound-induced effects on human cells. In this work, the levels of biocompatibility and generation of oxidative stress by exposure of ultrasound to HLE-B3 were evaluated quantitatively and qualitatively by the MTT assay, Live/Dead assay, reactive oxygen species (ROS) and intracellular calcium level. Oxidative stress induction is traditionally achieved through administrations of H2O2and thus the administration of H2O2was used as the positive control group for comparison herein. Concerning the administrations of H2O2are considered invasive and may potentially have side effects, ultrasound as physical stimulation could be a safer and non-invasive method to induce similar oxidative stress environments. The effect of ultrasound on cell viability and induction of oxidative stress increases with ultrasound intensity. The result reveals that the continuous ultrasound has a positive impact on the oxidative stress levels but does negatively on the cell viability, as compared to the pulsed ultrasound. Furthermore, our work demonstrates that the exposure of 58 kPa continuous ultrasound without microbubbles can maintain acceptable cell viability and produce oxidative stress effects similar to the traditional administrations of H2O2. In summary, exposure of ultrasound can generate oxidative stress comparable to traditional administrations of H2O2. The effect of generating oxidative stress is adjustable through ultrasound parameters, including the pulsed or continuous wave, the intensity of ultrasound and addition of microbubbles.
authors.affiliation: Department of Electrical Engineering, School of Electrical and Computer Engineering, College of Engineering, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, 33302, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Patrick
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Rwei
authors.affiliation: Department of Electrical Engineering, School of Electrical and Computer Engineering, College of Engineering, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, 33302, Taiwan; Portable Energy System Group, Green Technology Research Center, College of Engineering, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, 33302, Taiwan; Department of Ophthalmology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou Branch, Taoyuan, 33305, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Cihun-Siyong
authors.initials: CS
authors.lastname: Alex Gong
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, 33302, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Li-Jyuan
authors.initials: LJ
authors.lastname: Luo
authors.affiliation: Department of Electrical Engineering, School of Electrical and Computer Engineering, College of Engineering, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, 33302, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Meng-Bo
authors.initials: MB
authors.lastname: Lin
authors.affiliation: Department of Ophthalmology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou Branch, Taoyuan, 33305, Taiwan; Institute of Biochemical and Biomedical Engineering, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, 33302, Taiwan. Electronic address: jylai@mail.cgu.edu.tw.
authors.forename: Jui-Yang
authors.initials: JY
authors.lastname: Lai
authors.affiliation: Department of Electrical Engineering, School of Electrical and Computer Engineering, College of Engineering, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, 33302, Taiwan; Department of Neurosurgery, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan, 33305, Taiwan. Electronic address: haoliliu@mail.cgu.edu.tw.
authors.forename: Hao-Li
authors.initials: HL
authors.lastname: Liu
mesh_terms: D002460:Cell Line; D002470:Cell Survival / Q000528:radiation effects*; D004847:Epithelial Cells / Q000166:cytology / Q000378:metabolism / Q000528:radiation effects*; D006801:Humans; D007908:Lens, Crystalline / Q000166:cytology / Q000378:metabolism / Q000528:radiation effects*; D018384:Oxidative Stress / Q000528:radiation effects*; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species / Q000378:metabolism; D013817:Thermography; D000069453:Ultrasonic Waves
chemical_list: D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species
keywords: Calcium ion; HLE-B3; Microbubble; Oxidative stress; Reactive oxygen species; Ultrasound