title: Evaluation of fertilizer-drawn forward osmosis for sustainable agriculture and water reuse in arid regions.
abstract: The present study focused on the performance of the FDFO process to achieve simultaneous water reuse from wastewater and production of nutrient solution for hydroponic application. Bio-methane potential (BMP) measurements were firstly carried out to determine the effect of osmotic concentration of wastewater achieved in the FDFO process on the anaerobic activity. Results showed that 95% water recovery from the FDFO process is the optimum value for further AnMBR treatment. Nine different fertilizers were then tested based on their FO performance (i.e. water flux, water recovery and reverse salt flux) and final nutrient concentration. From this initial screening, ammonium phosphate monobasic (MAP), ammonium sulfate (SOA) and mono-potassium phosphate were selected for long term experiments to investigate the maximum water recovery achievable. After the experiments, hydraulic membrane cleaning was performed to assess the water flux recovery. SOA showed the highest water recovery rate, up to 76% while KH2PO4showed the highest water flux recovery, up to 75% and finally MAP showed the lowest final nutrient concentration. However, substantial dilution was still necessary to comply with the standards for fertigation even if the recovery rate was increased.
authors.affiliation: School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Technology, Sydney (UTS), City Campus, Broadway, NSW 2007, Australia.
authors.forename: Laura
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Chekli
authors.affiliation: School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Technology, Sydney (UTS), City Campus, Broadway, NSW 2007, Australia; School of Civil, Environmental and Architectural Engineering, Korea University, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Youngjin
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.affiliation: School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Technology, Sydney (UTS), City Campus, Broadway, NSW 2007, Australia.
authors.forename: Sherub
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Phuntsho
authors.affiliation: Water Desalination and Reuse Center (WDRC), Division of Biological & Environmental Science & Engineering (BESE), 4700 King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia.
authors.forename: Sheng
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: Water Desalination and Reuse Center (WDRC), Division of Biological & Environmental Science & Engineering (BESE), 4700 King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia.
authors.forename: Noreddine
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Ghaffour
authors.affiliation: Water Desalination and Reuse Center (WDRC), Division of Biological & Environmental Science & Engineering (BESE), 4700 King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia.
authors.forename: TorOve
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Leiknes
authors.affiliation: School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Technology, Sydney (UTS), City Campus, Broadway, NSW 2007, Australia. Electronic address: Hokyong.Shon-1@uts.edu.au.
authors.forename: Ho Kyong
authors.initials: HK
authors.lastname: Shon
mesh_terms: D000383:Agriculture / Q000379:methods*; D000645:Ammonium Sulfate / Q000737:chemistry; D003247:Conservation of Natural Resources; D005308:Fertilizers; D018527:Hydroponics; D008567:Membranes, Artificial; D008697:Methane / Q000378:metabolism; D009995:Osmosis; D010710:Phosphates / Q000737:chemistry; D017680:Potassium Compounds / Q000737:chemistry; D059027:Recycling; D012996:Solutions / Q000737:chemistry; D062065:Wastewater / Q000737:chemistry; D018508:Water Purification / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods*
chemical_list: D000645:Ammonium Sulfate; D005308:Fertilizers; D008567:Membranes, Artificial; D008697:Methane; D010710:Phosphates; D017680:Potassium Compounds; D012996:Solutions; D062065:Wastewater; C024788:ammonium phosphate; C013216:potassium phosphate
keywords: Fertilizer draw solution; Forward osmosis; Hydroponic; Nutrient; Water reuse