title: Effect of Tocopheryl Acetate on Maternal Cigarette Smoke Exposed Swiss Albino Mice Inbred Fetus.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Cigarette smoking is worldwide problem which can be correlated with teratogenicity. Tocopheryl acetate plays as an antioxidant against the oxidative stress evolved by cigarette smoke exposure during pregnancy.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To study the effect of maternal exposure to cigarette smoke and Tocopheryl acetate on fetuses of mice.
  
  
  METHODS
  Pregnant mice randomly assigned to different groups (Group I (control), Group II (Tocopheryl acetate), Group III(soyabean oil used as vehicle for Tocopheryl acetate), Group IV (Cigarette smoke Exposed), Group V (Cigarette smoke exposed plus Tocopheryl acetate) and Group VI(Cigarette smoke exposed plus soyabean oil) were exposed to cigarette smoke 3 times a day for 20 minutes each time and Tocopheryl acetate with dose of 200mg/kg/day in 0.3ml of soyabean oil as vehicle orally through oral gavage from the 5thday of gestation to 15thday.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Cigarette smoke exposed mice showed significant fetal weight loss, resorption, placental anomalies, severe growth retardation, venous congestion, haemorrhage, limbs defects and enphalocele. Negligible abnormalities were seen among the control and Tocopheryl acetate group. Cigarette smoke exposed group with Tocopheryl acetate exhibited weight gain among the fetus as well as no gross abnormalities. The oxidative stress was significantly increased by increasing Malondialdehyde (MDA) 293±81.57 μmol/mg (p<0.0001) and decreasing Superoxide Dismutase (SOD) 1.43 ± 0.23mg/ml, (p<0.0001) Reduced Glutathione (GR) 0.017±0.002mg/ml, (p<0.01) and Catalase (CAT) 0.248±0.005mg/ml, (p<0.0001). Tocopheryl acetate induced group significantly maintained the oxidative stress with all p <0.0001.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  It can be concluded that Tocopheryl acetate may have an ameliorating effect on the cigarette smoke during pregnancy on fetus.
authors.affiliation: Research Scholar, Department of Anatomy, Institute of Medical Sciences, Banaras Hindu University , Vanarasi, Uttar Pradesh, India .
authors.forename: Janardan
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Chaudhary
authors.affiliation: Professor, Department of Anatomy, Institute of Medical Sciences, Banaras Hindu University , Vanarasi, Uttar Pradesh, India .
authors.forename: Royana
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Singh
authors.affiliation: Professor, Department of Anatomy, Institute of Medical Sciences, Banaras Hindu University , Vanarasi, Uttar Pradesh, India .
authors.forename: S N
authors.initials: SN
authors.lastname: Shamal
authors.affiliation: Research Scholar, Department of Anatomy, Institute of Medical Sciences, Banaras Hindu University , Vanarasi, Uttar Pradesh, India .
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Supriya
authors.affiliation: Associate Professor, Department of Psychiatry, Institute of Medical Sciences, Banaras Hindu University , Vanarasi, Uttar Pradesh, India .
authors.forename: Mona
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Srivastava
authors.affiliation: Assistant Professor, Department of Anatomy, Institute of Medical Sciences, Banaras Hindu University , Vanarasi, Uttar Pradesh, India .
authors.forename: R S
authors.initials: RS
authors.lastname: More
keywords: Malformation; Oxidative stress; Teratogenicity