title: Clusters of cognitive impairment among different phenotypes of myotonic dystrophy type 1 and type 2.
abstract: Neuropsychological examinations in myotonic dystrophy (DM) patients show a great variability of results from a condition of intellectual disability to the subtle cognitive impairments. It is unclear if different clusters of neuropsychological deficits appear in different phenotypes of DM, or if there are patients with no cognitive deficit at all. The aim of this study is to assess cognitive impairments among patients with different phenotypes of DM type 1 (DM1) and type 2 (DM2), and to potentially define cognitive clusters in these disorders. Study comprised 101 DM1 and 46 DM2 adult patients who were genetically confirmed. Patients underwent analysis of five cognitive domains (visuospatial, executive, attention, memory and language). Virtually all DM1 patients had cognitive defect with approximately 2-3 cognitive domains affected. On the other hand, one-third of DM2 patients had completely normal neuropsychological findings, and in other two-thirds approximately 1-2 domains were affected. Cluster analysis showed that in both diseases visuospatial and executive dysfunctions seemed to be the main cognitive defects, while memory and language impairments appeared in more severe phenotypes. Our results showed that a single form of DM1 or DM2 may consist of several cognitive clusters. Understanding of cognitive impairments in DM is very important to follow positive and side effects in ongoing and future clinical trials.
authors.affiliation: Neurology Clinic, Clinical Center of Serbia, School of Medicine, University of Belgrade, 6, Dr Subotica Street, Belgrade, 11000, Serbia.
authors.forename: Stojan
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Peric
authors.affiliation: Neurology Clinic, Clinical Center of Serbia, School of Medicine, University of Belgrade, 6, Dr Subotica Street, Belgrade, 11000, Serbia. vidosava_r@yahoo.co.uk.
authors.forename: Vidosava
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Rakocevic Stojanovic
authors.affiliation: Neurology Clinic, Clinical Center of Serbia, School of Medicine, University of Belgrade, 6, Dr Subotica Street, Belgrade, 11000, Serbia.
authors.forename: Gorana
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Mandic Stojmenovic
authors.affiliation: Neurology Clinic, Clinical Center of Serbia, School of Medicine, University of Belgrade, 6, Dr Subotica Street, Belgrade, 11000, Serbia.
authors.forename: Vera
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Ilic
authors.affiliation: Neurology Clinic, Clinical Center of Serbia, School of Medicine, University of Belgrade, 6, Dr Subotica Street, Belgrade, 11000, Serbia.
authors.forename: Masa
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kovacevic
authors.affiliation: Neurology Clinic, Clinical Center of Serbia, School of Medicine, University of Belgrade, 6, Dr Subotica Street, Belgrade, 11000, Serbia.
authors.forename: Aleksandra
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Parojcic
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Biology, Center for Human Molecular Genetics, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia.
authors.forename: Jovan
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Pesovic
authors.affiliation: Neurology Clinic, Clinical Center of Serbia, School of Medicine, University of Belgrade, 6, Dr Subotica Street, Belgrade, 11000, Serbia.
authors.forename: Milija
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Mijajlovic
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Biology, Center for Human Molecular Genetics, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia.
authors.forename: Dusanka
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Savic-Pavicevic
authors.affiliation: Department of Biomedical Sciences for Health, University of Milan, IRCCS Policlinico San Donato, San Donato Milanese, Italy.
authors.forename: Giovanni
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Meola
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D017668:Age of Onset; D016000:Cluster Analysis; D003072:Cognition Disorders / Q000209:etiology* / Q000503:physiopathology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009223:Myotonic Dystrophy / Q000523:psychology*; D009483:Neuropsychological Tests; D010641:Phenotype; D012189:Retrospective Studies
keywords: Cluster analysis; Cognitive impairment; Myotonic dystrophy; Neuropsychology