title: Diagnostic Masking and Overshadowing in Intellectual Disability-How Structured Evaluation Helps.
abstract: Comorbid psychiatric diagnoses tend to be underdiagnosed in patients with intellectual disability. Diagnosing anxiety disorders in such patients can pose challenges, in particular with regard to obsessive and compulsive disorder (OCD).
  
  
  
  We present the case of an adolescent diagnosed with intellectual disability with poor expressive language skills who presented with nonspecific mood and behavioral symptoms, not improving with routine clinical evaluations and treatment. A structured assessment was done to decipher the psychopathology.
  
  
  
  The structured evaluation was able to diagnose OCD, and the treatment response was accentuated, bringing about a significant reduction in patient and caregiver distress. Psychosocial interventions through nurses played a significant role.
  
  
  
  The case highlights the need for a systematic assessment of patients with intellectual disability to arrive at reliable diagnoses and to plan appropriate treatment strategies.
authors.affiliation: Harshini Manohar, MBBS, is a Junior Resident, Department of Psychiatry, Jawaharlal Institute of Postgraduate Medical Education and Research (JIPMER), Puducherry, India.
authors.forename: Harshini
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Manohar
authors.affiliation: Karthick Subramanian, MD, is a Senior Resident, Department of Psychiatry, Jawaharlal Institute of Postgraduate Medical Education and Research (JIPMER), Puducherry, India.
authors.forename: Karthick
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Subramanian
authors.affiliation: Preeti Kandasamy, DM (Child & Adolescent Psychiatry), is an Assistant Professor, Department of Psychiatry, Jawaharlal Institute of Postgraduate Medical Education and Research (JIPMER), Puducherry, India.
authors.forename: Preeti
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Kandasamy
authors.affiliation: Venkatalakshmi Penchilaiya, MBBS, is a Junior Resident, Department of Psychiatry, Jawaharlal Institute of Postgraduate Medical Education and Research (JIPMER), Puducherry, India.
authors.forename: Venkatalakshmi
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Penchilaiya
authors.affiliation: Anandbabu Arun, MD, is a Senior Resident, Department of Psychiatry, Jawaharlal Institute of Postgraduate Medical Education and Research (JIPMER), Puducherry, India.
authors.forename: Anandbabu
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Arun
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D001008:Anxiety Disorders / Q000175:diagnosis*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008607:Intellectual Disability / Q000175:diagnosis*