title: Heavy metal burdens of public primary school children related to playground soils and classroom dusts in Ibadan North-West local government area, Nigeria.
abstract: Information about heavy metal burden of children in Nigeria related to playground soils and classroom dusts is lacking. Playground soil, classroom dust, blood and spot urine samples (n=253) were collected from 6 urban and 2 semi-rural public schools in Ibadan North-West, Nigeria. Samples were analysed for Pb, Cu, Zn, Fe and Mn. Mean blood Pb levels in urban area (male, 41.66±8.78μg/dl vs. female, 40.64±5.46μg/dl) were twice as high as those in semi-rural area (male, 19.71±3.73μg/dl vs. female, 20.65±2.26μg/dl). Concentrations of Pb, Cu, Zn, and Fe in soil and dust samples in the urban schools were between 2- to 4-fold greater than that of semi-rural schools. No correlation was observed between blood and dust metals. A positive correlation (r=0.168, p=0.008) was observed between blood Pb and playground soil Pb. Pb burden in the children might be from their schools' playgrounds and other yet unidentified sources.
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry, Federal University of Agriculture, Abeokuta, Nigeria. Electronic address: akinwunmifatai2@gmail.com.
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Akinwunmi
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry, Federal University of Agriculture, Abeokuta, Nigeria. Electronic address: tfakins1@yahoo.com.
authors.forename: T F
authors.initials: TF
authors.lastname: Akinhanmi
authors.affiliation: Department of Biochemistry, Federal University of Agriculture, Abeokuta, Nigeria. Electronic address: atobatelezainab@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Z A
authors.initials: ZA
authors.lastname: Atobatele
authors.affiliation: Department of Biochemistry, Federal University of Agriculture, Abeokuta, Nigeria. Electronic address: ayinke03@yahoo.com.
authors.forename: O
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Adewole
authors.affiliation: Department of Biochemistry, Federal University of Agriculture, Abeokuta, Nigeria. Electronic address: khendytoyin@yahoo.com.
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Odekunle
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry, Federal University of Agriculture, Abeokuta, Nigeria. Electronic address: aroglaw@yahoo.com.
authors.forename: L A
authors.initials: LA
authors.lastname: Arogundade
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry, Federal University of Agriculture, Abeokuta, Nigeria. Electronic address: ooodukoya@yahoo.com.
authors.forename: O O
authors.initials: OO
authors.lastname: Odukoya
authors.affiliation: Department of Statistics, Federal University of Agriculture, Abeokuta, Nigeria. Electronic address: laniyimathew@yahoo.com.
authors.forename: O M
authors.initials: OM
authors.lastname: Olayiwola
authors.affiliation: Department of Biochemistry, Federal University of Agriculture, Abeokuta, Nigeria. Electronic address: adelad2@yahoo.com.
authors.forename: O
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Ademuyiwa
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D004391:Dust / Q000032:analysis; D004784:Environmental Monitoring; D004785:Environmental Pollutants / Q000032:analysis / Q000097:blood* / Q000652:urine*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D019216:Metals, Heavy / Q000032:analysis / Q000097:blood* / Q000652:urine*; D009549:Nigeria; D011998:Recreation; D012574:Schools; D012987:Soil / Q000737:chemistry
chemical_list: D004391:Dust; D004785:Environmental Pollutants; D019216:Metals, Heavy; D012987:Soil
keywords: Children; Classroom dust; Heavy metal burden; Nigeria; Playground soil