title: Dietary patterns are associated with lung function among Spanish smokers without respiratory disease.
abstract: Diet can help preserve lung function in smokers, in addition to avoidance of smoking. The study aimed to evaluate associations between dietary patterns and lung function in smokers without respiratory disease.
  
  
  
  This cross-sectional study analysed baseline data from randomised representative smokers without respiratory disease (n = 207, aged 35-70 years), selected from 20 primary health-care centres. Participants completed a validated semi-quantitative food-frequency questionnaire. Dietary patterns were identified by Principal Component Analysis (PCA). Impaired lung function was defined as FVC <80% and/or FEV1 < 80% of predicted value and/or FEV1/FVC <0.7. Associations were determined by logistic regression.
  
  
  
  Three major dietary patterns were identified. In multivariate-adjusted model, impaired lung function was associated with the Alcohol-consumption pattern (OR 4.56, 95% CI 1.58-13.18), especially in women (OR 11.47, 95% CI 2.25-58.47), and with the Westernised pattern in women (OR 5.62, 95% CI 1.17-27.02), whereas it not was associated with the Mediterranean-like pattern (OR 0.71, 95% CI 0.28-1.79).
  
  
  
  In smokers without respiratory disease, the Alcohol-consumption pattern and the Westernised pattern are associated with impaired lung function, especially in women. The Mediterranean-like pattern appears to be associated with preserved lung function because no statistical association is observed with impaired lung function. In addition to smoking cessation, modifying dietary patterns has possible clinical application to preserve lung function.
authors.affiliation: Unitat de Suport a la Recerca Tarragona-Reus, Institut Universitari d'Investigació en Atenció Primària Jordi Gol (IDIAP Jordi Gol), Reus, Spain.|Study Group on Respiratory Tract Diseases (GEPAR), Institut Universitari d'Investigació en Atenció Primària Jordi Gol (IDIAP Jordi Gol), Barcelona, Spain.
authors.forename: Mar
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Sorli-Aguilar
authors.affiliation: Study Group on Respiratory Tract Diseases (GEPAR), Institut Universitari d'Investigació en Atenció Primària Jordi Gol (IDIAP Jordi Gol), Barcelona, Spain. fmartin.tgn.ics@gencat.cat.|School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Tarragona, Spain. fmartin.tgn.ics@gencat.cat.|CAP Sant Pere-Institut Català de la Salut, C/Cami de Riudoms, 53-55, 43203, Reus, Tarragona, Spain. fmartin.tgn.ics@gencat.cat.
authors.forename: Francisco
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Martin-Lujan
authors.affiliation: Unitat de Suport a la Recerca Tarragona-Reus, Institut Universitari d'Investigació en Atenció Primària Jordi Gol (IDIAP Jordi Gol), Reus, Spain.
authors.forename: Gemma
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Flores-Mateo
authors.affiliation: Unitat de Suport a la Recerca Tarragona-Reus, Institut Universitari d'Investigació en Atenció Primària Jordi Gol (IDIAP Jordi Gol), Reus, Spain.|School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Tarragona, Spain.
authors.forename: Victoria
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Arija-Val
authors.affiliation: Unitat de Suport a la Recerca Tarragona-Reus, Institut Universitari d'Investigació en Atenció Primària Jordi Gol (IDIAP Jordi Gol), Reus, Spain.|School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Tarragona, Spain.|CIBERobn Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition, Institute of Health Carlos III (ISCIII), Madrid, Spain.
authors.forename: Josep
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Basora-Gallisa
authors.affiliation: NFOC group School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Tarragona, Spain.
authors.forename: Rosa
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Sola-Alberich
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000428:Alcohol Drinking / Q000009:adverse effects*; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D038441:Diet, Mediterranean; D066273:Diet, Western / Q000009:adverse effects*; D015444:Exercise; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D016015:Logistic Models; D008168:Lung / Q000503:physiopathology*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D015337:Multicenter Studies as Topic; D015999:Multivariate Analysis; D016032:Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic; D012120:Respiration Disorders; D012129:Respiratory Function Tests; D012737:Sex Factors; D012907:Smoking / Q000503:physiopathology*; D012923:Social Class; D013030:Spain; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires
keywords: Dietary patterns; Lung function test; Tobacco smoke