title: Two Validated Ways of Improving the Ability of Decision-Making in Emergencies; Results from a Literature Review.
abstract: The aim of the current review wasto study the existing knowledge about decision-making and to identify and describe validated training tools.A comprehensive literature review was conducted by using the following keywords: decision-making, emergencies, disasters, crisis management, training, exercises, simulation, validated, real-time, command and control, communication, collaboration, and multi-disciplinary in combination or as an isolated word. Two validated training systems developed in Sweden, 3 level collaboration (3LC) and MacSim, were identified and studied in light of the literature review in order to identify how decision-making can be trained. The training models fulfilled six of the eight identified characteristics of training for decision-making.Based on the results, these training models contained methods suitable to train for decision-making.
authors.affiliation: Prehospital and Disaster Medicine Center, Gothenburg, Sweden ; Department of Surgery, Institute of Clinical Sciences, Sahlgrenska Academy, Gothenburg University, Gothenburg, Sweden.
authors.forename: Amir
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Khorram-Manesh
authors.affiliation: Department of Social and Behavioural Studies, University West, Trolhättan, Sweden.
authors.forename: Johan
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Berlin
authors.affiliation: Department of Health and crisis management and policy, Sahlgrenska Academy, Gothenburg University, Gothenburg, Sweden.
authors.forename: Eric
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Carlström
keywords: Collaboration; Command and control; Communication; Crisis management; Decision-making; Disasters; Emergencies; Exercises; Multi-disciplinary; Real-time; Simulation; Training; Validated