title: The effects of a simple intervention on exposures to low back pain risk factors during traditional posterior load carriage.
abstract: Traditional posterior load carriage (PLC), typically performed without the use of an assistive device, is associated with a high prevalence of low back pain (LBP). However, there are few studies that have evaluated potential interventions to reduce exposures to LBP risk factors. This work examined the effects of a simple, potentially low-cost intervention using an assistive device (i.e., carrying aid) on exposures to factors related to LBP risk during PLC. Torso kinematics and kinetics, slip risk, and ratings of perceived discomfort (RPD) were obtained during simulated PLC on a walkway. Consistent with earlier results, increasing load mass substantially increased torso flexion and lumbosacral flexion moment, as well as RPDs in all anatomical regions evaluated. Using the carrying aid with a higher load placement resulted in substantially lower mean lumbosacral moments when carrying the heaviest load. In contrast, using the carrying aid with a lower load placement resulted in substantially higher torso flexion angles, higher mean lumbosacral moments when carrying heavier loads, and higher peak lumbosacral moments across all load masses. With use of the carrying aid, both higher and lower load placement resulted in significantly lower RPDs in the elbows and hands compared to the control condition. In summary, use of a carrying aid with higher load placement may be beneficial in reducing the risk of LBP during PLC. Future studies are needed, though, to improve the device design and to enhance external validity.
authors.affiliation: Industrial Engineering, Institute of Technology Bandung, Bandung, West Java, 40134, Indonesia.
authors.forename: Khoirul
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Muslim
authors.affiliation: Industrial and Systems Engineering, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, 24061, USA. Electronic address: nussbaum@vt.edu.
authors.forename: Maury A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Nussbaum
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001696:Biomechanical Phenomena; D006801:Humans; D017770:Lifting / Q000009:adverse effects; D017116:Low Back Pain / Q000209:etiology / Q000517:prevention & control*; D008161:Lumbosacral Region / Q000502:physiology*; D008297:Male; D011187:Posture; D012307:Risk Factors; D016474:Weight-Bearing; D055815:Young Adult
keywords: Assistive device; Intervention; Kinematics; Kinetics; Low back pain; Spine