title: Oxygen, the lung and the diver: friends and foes?
abstract: Worldwide, the number of professional and sports divers is increasing. Most of them breathe diving gases with a raised partial pressure of oxygen (PO2). However, if the PO2is between 50 and 300 kPa (375-2250 mmHg) (hyperoxia), pathological pulmonary changes can develop, known as pulmonary oxygen toxicity (POT). Although in its acute phase, POT is reversible, it can ultimately lead to non-reversible pathological changes. Therefore, it is important to monitor these divers to prevent them from sustaining irreversible lesions.This review summarises the pulmonary pathophysiological effects when breathing oxygen with a PO2of 50-300 kPa (375-2250 mmHg). We describe the role and the limitations of lung function testing in monitoring the onset and development of POT, and discuss new techniques in respiratory medicine as potential markers in the early development of POT in divers.
authors.affiliation: Diving Medical Center, Royal Netherlands Navy Den Helder, The Netherlands Pjam.v.ooij.01@mindef.nl.|Dept of Respiratory Medicine, Academic Medical Centre, University of Amsterdam.
authors.forename: Pieter-Jan A M
authors.initials: PA
authors.lastname: van Ooij
authors.affiliation: Dept of Respiratory Medicine, Academic Medical Centre, University of Amsterdam.
authors.forename: Peter J
authors.initials: PJ
authors.lastname: Sterk
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Experimental Intensive Care and Anesthesiology, Academic Medical Centre, University of Amsterdam.
authors.forename: Robert A
authors.initials: RA
authors.lastname: van Hulst
mesh_terms: D000280:Administration, Inhalation; D004242:Diving / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000293:injuries*; D042241:Early Diagnosis; D006801:Humans; D018496:Hyperoxia / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000209:etiology* / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000628:therapy; D008168:Lung / Q000473:pathology / Q000503:physiopathology*; D055370:Lung Injury / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000209:etiology* / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000628:therapy; D010100:Oxygen / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects*; D010313:Partial Pressure; D011237:Predictive Value of Tests; D011379:Prognosis; D011653:Pulmonary Diffusing Capacity; D012129:Respiratory Function Tests; D018570:Risk Assessment; D012307:Risk Factors; D013997:Time Factors
chemical_list: D010100:Oxygen