title: Evolution and degree of control of cardiovascular risk factors after 5 years of follow-up and their relationship with the incidence of peripheral arterial disease: ARTPER cohort.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Although cardiovascular risk factors (CVRF) are well known, their degree of control is not optimal. The aim of this study is to assess the evolution and control of CVRFs after 5 years of monitoring a population-based cohort and their association with the incidence of peripheral arterial disease (PAD).
  
  
  METHODS
  Prospective cohort study recruited between 2006-2008. Second phase between 2011-2012. An ankle brachial index was determined for all participants in both phases. Demographic variables, CVRF and previous cardiovascular events, blood pressure, total cholesterol and its fractions (HDL, LDL), triglycerides, glucose and glycosylated hemoglobin levels in diabetic patients and the cardiovascular risk score according to the REGICOR table were recorded.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A total of 2,125 individuals were analyzed. We observed an increase in the prevalence of hypertension (HT) (15.4%), diabetes (DM) (8.2%) and hypercholesterolemia (20.4%), with no changes in obesity and smoking. The cardiovascular risk determined on the basis of the REGICOR table remained at around 5.5%. We observed an increased control of CVRF throughout the follow-up period, except in the case of DM and obesity. In the multivariate analysis, uncontrolled HT 2-folded the risk of onset of PAD (odds ratio [OR] 2.3; 95% confidence interval [95% CI] 1.3-4.1), whereas smoking 5-folded this risk (OR 5.0; 95% CI 2.5-10.2).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Smoking and uncontrolled HT increase the risk of onset of PAD in this population. Despite the increase in drug treatments, the control of CVRFs continues to be suboptimal.
authors.affiliation: Centro de Salud Riu Nord-Riu Sud, Institut Català de la Salut, Santa Coloma de Gramenet, Barcelona, España; Unitat de Suport a la Recerca Metropolitana Nord, Institut Universitari d'Investigació en Atenció Primària Jordi Gol (IDIAP Jordi Gol), Mataró, Barcelona, España; Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, España; Institut d'Investigació Germans Trias i Pujol, Badalona, Barcelona, España. Electronic address: ssiga@hotmail.es.
authors.forename: Rosa
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Forés
authors.affiliation: Centro de Salud Riu Nord-Riu Sud, Institut Català de la Salut, Santa Coloma de Gramenet, Barcelona, España; Unitat de Suport a la Recerca Metropolitana Nord, Institut Universitari d'Investigació en Atenció Primària Jordi Gol (IDIAP Jordi Gol), Mataró, Barcelona, España; Institut d'Investigació Germans Trias i Pujol, Badalona, Barcelona, España.
authors.forename: María Teresa
authors.initials: MT
authors.lastname: Alzamora
authors.affiliation: Unitat de Suport a la Recerca Metropolitana Nord, Institut Universitari d'Investigació en Atenció Primària Jordi Gol (IDIAP Jordi Gol), Mataró, Barcelona, España.
authors.forename: Guillem
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Pera
authors.affiliation: Unitat de Suport a la Recerca Metropolitana Nord, Institut Universitari d'Investigació en Atenció Primària Jordi Gol (IDIAP Jordi Gol), Mataró, Barcelona, España; Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, España; Hospital Nostra Senyora de Meritxell, Escaldes-Engordany, Andorra.
authors.forename: Marta
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Valverde
authors.affiliation: Unitat de Suport a la Recerca Metropolitana Nord, Institut Universitari d'Investigació en Atenció Primària Jordi Gol (IDIAP Jordi Gol), Mataró, Barcelona, España; Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, España.
authors.forename: Maria
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Angla
authors.affiliation: Institut d'Investigació Germans Trias i Pujol, Badalona, Barcelona, España; Centro de Salud La Marina, Institut Català de la Salut, Barcelona, España.
authors.forename: José Miguel
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Baena-Díez
authors.affiliation: Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, España; Unitat de Suport a la Recerca Barcelona, Institut Universitari d'Investigació en Atenció Primària Jordi Gol (IDIAP Jordi Gol), Barcelona, España.
authors.forename: Xavier
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Mundet-Tuduri
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D002318:Cardiovascular Diseases / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000209:etiology / Q000517:prevention & control; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D015994:Incidence; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D015999:Multivariate Analysis; D058729:Peripheral Arterial Disease / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000209:etiology* / Q000517:prevention & control; D011446:Prospective Studies; D018570:Risk Assessment; D012307:Risk Factors; D013030:Spain / Q000453:epidemiology
keywords: Ankle-brachial index; Arteriopatía periférica; Cardiovascular risk factors; Cohort studies; Cohorte; Factores de riesgo cardiovascular; Peripheral arterial disease; Índice tobillo-brazo