title: Characterization of fiber-optic light delivery and light-induced temperature changes in a rodent brain for precise optogenetic neuromodulation.
abstract: Understanding light intensity and temperature increase is of considerable importance in designing or performingin vivooptogenetic experiments. Our study describes the optimal light power at target depth in the rodent brain that would maximize activation of light-gated ion channels while minimizing temperature increase. Monte Carlo (MC) simulations of light delivery were used to provide a guideline for suitable light power at a target depth. In addition, MC simulations with the Pennes bio-heat model using data obtained from measurements with a temperature-measuring cannula having 12.3 mV/°C of thermoelectric sensitivity enabled us to predict tissue heating of 0.116 °C/mW on average at target depth of 563 μm and specifically, a maximum mean plateau temperature increase of 0.25 °C/mW at 100 μm depth for 473 nm light. Our study will help to improve the design and performance of optogenetic experiments while avoiding potential over- and under-illumination.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biomedical Science and Engineering, and Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology (GIST), 123 Cheomdan-Gwagiro, Buk-Gu, Gwangju 61005, South Korea.
authors.forename: Younghoon
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Shin
authors.affiliation: Graduate Program in Computational Neuroscience, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, USA.
authors.forename: Minsu
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Yoo
authors.affiliation: Korea Institute of Toxicology (KIT), 141 Gajeong-Ro, Yuseong-Gu, Daejon 34114, South Korea.
authors.forename: Hyung-Sun
authors.initials: HS
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.affiliation: Department of Mechanical Engineering, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology (GIST), 123 Cheomdan-Gwagiro, Buk-Gu, Gwangju 61005, South Korea.
authors.forename: Sung-Ki
authors.initials: SK
authors.lastname: Nam
authors.affiliation: Department of Biomedical Science and Engineering, and Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology (GIST), 123 Cheomdan-Gwagiro, Buk-Gu, Gwangju 61005, South Korea.
authors.forename: Hyoung-Ihl
authors.initials: HI
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.affiliation: Department of Mechanical Engineering, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology (GIST), 123 Cheomdan-Gwagiro, Buk-Gu, Gwangju 61005, South Korea.
authors.forename: Sun-Kyu
authors.initials: SK
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.affiliation: Department of Robotics Engineering, Daegu Gyeongbuk Institute of Science and Technology (DGIST), Daegu 42988, South Korea.
authors.forename: Sohee
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.affiliation: Department of Biomedical Science and Engineering, and Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology (GIST), 123 Cheomdan-Gwagiro, Buk-Gu, Gwangju 61005, South Korea; Department of Mechanical Engineering, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology (GIST), 123 Cheomdan-Gwagiro, Buk-Gu, Gwangju 61005, South Korea.
authors.forename: Hyuk-Sang
authors.initials: HS
authors.lastname: Kwon
keywords: (170.3660) Light propagation in tissues; (170.5280) Photon migration; (170.7050) Turbid media; (350.5340) Photothermal effects