title: Psoriasis.
abstract: Psoriasis is a chronic, immune-mediated disorder with cutaneous and systemic manifestations and substantial negative effects on patient quality of life. Psoriasis has a strong, albeit polygenic, genetic basis. Whereas approximately half of the accountable genetic effect of psoriasis maps to the major histocompatibility complex, >70 other loci have been identified, many of which implicate nuclear factor-κB, interferon signalling and the IL-23-IL-23 receptor axis. Psoriasis pathophysiology is characterized by abnormal keratinocyte proliferation and immune cell infiltration in the dermis and epidermis involving the innate and adaptive immune systems, with important roles for dendritic cells and T cells, among other cells. Frequent comorbidities are rheumatological and cardiovascular in nature, in particular, psoriatic arthritis. Current treatments for psoriasis include topical agents, photo-based therapies, traditional systemic drugs and biologic agents. Treatments can be used in combination or as monotherapy. Biologic therapies that target specific disease mediators have become a mainstay in the treatment of moderate-to-severe disease, whereas advances in the treatment of mild-to-moderate disease have been limited.
authors.affiliation: Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.|Tufts Medical Center, Department of Dermatology, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.
authors.forename: Jacqueline E
authors.initials: JE
authors.lastname: Greb
authors.affiliation: Tufts Medical Center, Department of Dermatology, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.
authors.forename: Ari M
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Goldminz
authors.affiliation: Department of Dermatology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA.|Ann Arbor Veterans Affairs Hospital, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA.
authors.forename: James T
authors.initials: JT
authors.lastname: Elder
authors.affiliation: Department of Dermatology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA.
authors.forename: Mark G
authors.initials: MG
authors.lastname: Lebwohl
authors.affiliation: University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.|Krembil Research Institute, Toronto Western Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
authors.forename: Dafna D
authors.initials: DD
authors.lastname: Gladman
authors.affiliation: Department of Dermatology, Kaiser Permanente Los Angeles Medical Center, Los Angeles, California, USA.
authors.forename: Jashin J
authors.initials: JJ
authors.lastname: Wu
authors.affiliation: National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA.
authors.forename: Nehal N
authors.initials: NN
authors.lastname: Mehta
authors.affiliation: Department of Dermatology and Wound Healing, Division of Infection and Immunity, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK.
authors.forename: Andrew Y
authors.initials: AY
authors.lastname: Finlay
authors.affiliation: Department of Dermatology, New York Medical College, 40 Sunshine Cottage Rd, Valhalla, New York 10595, USA.
authors.forename: Alice B
authors.initials: AB
authors.lastname: Gottlieb
mesh_terms: D015535:Arthritis, Psoriatic / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000503:physiopathology; D006801:Humans; D000069285:Infliximab / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use; D011565:Psoriasis / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000503:physiopathology*; D014057:Tomography, X-Ray Computed / Q000379:methods
chemical_list: D000069285:Infliximab