title: Motion and emotion: anxiety-axial connections in Parkinson's disease.
abstract: Anxiety is a serious and frequent complication in Parkinson's disease (PD) that significantly affects the quality of life of patients. Multiple neuroanatomical, experimental, and clinical studies suggest its close association with axial disturbances. However, whether this relation applies for PD patients (commonly suffering from axial difficulties, such as balance and gait disturbance) has not been properly tested yet. The purpose of this study was to determine whether PD patients suffering from axial symptoms have higher levels of anxiety than others and to identify other factors associated with anxiety-axial connections. In this questionnaire study, 212 patients with PD were assessed by standardized scales, such as Hamilton Anxiety Scale, Montgomery-Asberg Depression Rating Scale, Montreal Cognitive Assessment, examining their mood and cognitive status. These data were correlated to dominant motor symptoms of these patients, such as tremor, rigidity, bradykinesia, and axial symptoms. Unlike other motor symptoms, only axial symptoms showed to be significantly related to higher levels of anxiety. The patients suffering from anxiety and axial problems have also shown significantly higher depression levels. Axial disturbances are related to higher anxiety levels in PD patients. It is crucial to pay high attention to symptoms of anxiety in patients having postural instability or gait disorder. Further clinical studies are desirable to investigate new, practical implications of anxiety-axial connection to provide complex management options of these serious symptoms.
authors.affiliation: First Department of Neurology, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University and St. Anne's University Hospital, Pekařská 53, 656 91, Brno, Czech Republic.|International Clinical Research Center (ICRC), St. Anne's University Hospital Brno, Pekařská 53, 656 91, Brno, Czech Republic.
authors.forename: Rastislav
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Šumec
authors.affiliation: First Department of Neurology, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University and St. Anne's University Hospital, Pekařská 53, 656 91, Brno, Czech Republic.|Central European Institute of Technology (CEITEC), Kamenice 753/5, 625 00, Brno, Czech Republic.
authors.forename: Irena
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Rektorová
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology and Center of Clinical Neuroscience, 1st Faculty of Medicine and General University Hospital, Charles University in Prague, Katerinska 30, 120 00, Praha 2, Czech Republic.
authors.forename: Robert
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Jech
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, Faculty of Medicine, Palacký University and University Hospital, I.P. Pavlova 185/6, 779 00, Olomouc, Czech Republic.
authors.forename: Kateřina
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Menšíková
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology and Center of Clinical Neuroscience, 1st Faculty of Medicine and General University Hospital, Charles University in Prague, Katerinska 30, 120 00, Praha 2, Czech Republic.
authors.forename: Jan
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Roth
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology and Center of Clinical Neuroscience, 1st Faculty of Medicine and General University Hospital, Charles University in Prague, Katerinska 30, 120 00, Praha 2, Czech Republic.
authors.forename: Evžen
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Růžička
authors.affiliation: International Clinical Research Center (ICRC), St. Anne's University Hospital Brno, Pekařská 53, 656 91, Brno, Czech Republic.
authors.forename: Dana
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Sochorová
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Biostatistics and Analyses, Masaryk University, Kamenice 126/3, 625 00, Brno, Czech Republic.
authors.forename: Ladislav
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Dušek
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, Faculty of Medicine, Palacký University and University Hospital, I.P. Pavlova 185/6, 779 00, Olomouc, Czech Republic.
authors.forename: Petr
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Kaňovský
authors.affiliation: First Department of Neurology, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University and St. Anne's University Hospital, Pekařská 53, 656 91, Brno, Czech Republic.|Central European Institute of Technology (CEITEC), Kamenice 753/5, 625 00, Brno, Czech Republic.
authors.forename: Ivan
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Rektor
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Biostatistics and Analyses, Masaryk University, Kamenice 126/3, 625 00, Brno, Czech Republic.
authors.forename: Tomáš
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Pavlík
authors.affiliation: First Department of Neurology, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University and St. Anne's University Hospital, Pekařská 53, 656 91, Brno, Czech Republic.
authors.forename: Pavel
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Filip
authors.affiliation: First Department of Neurology, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University and St. Anne's University Hospital, Pekařská 53, 656 91, Brno, Czech Republic. bares@muni.cz.|Department of Neurology, Medical School, University of Minnesota, 516 Delaware Street SE, Minneapolis, MN, 55455, USA. bares@muni.cz.
authors.forename: Martin
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Bareš
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D001007:Anxiety / Q000503:physiopathology; D003071:Cognition; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D003863:Depression / Q000503:physiopathology; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010300:Parkinson Disease / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000503:physiopathology* / Q000523:psychology*; D011569:Psychiatric Status Rating Scales; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires
keywords: Anxiety; Instability; Mood; Parkinson’s disease; Posture