title: A community-based study on prevalence and correlates of erectile dysfunction among Kinondoni District Residents, Dar Es Salaam, Tanzania.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Globally, erectile dysfunction burden (ED) is rising appreciably and it is projected to affect about 332 million men by the year 2025. This rise is attributable to the rising incidence of conditions associated with ED including obesity, diabetes, hypertension, coronary artery disease and depression. We conducted this community-based screening to elucidate on the prevalence of ED and its associated factors among men residing in an urban community in Tanzania.
  
  
  METHODS
  We conducted a cross-sectional community-based study and interviewed 441 men aged at least 18 years. Diabetes and hypertension were defined as per the International Diabetes Federation (IDF) and the 7th Report of the Joint National Committee (JNC 7) respectively. The 5-item version of the International Index of Erectile Function (IIEF-5) Scale was used to assess for erectile dysfunction. Multivariate logistic regression analyses were performed to explore the factors associated with ED.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The mean age was 47.1 years, 57.6 % had excess body weight, 8.2 % had diabetes and 61.5 % had high blood pressure. Overall, 24 % (106/441) of men in this study had some form of ED. Participants with age ≥55, positive smoking history, obesity, diabetes and hypertension displayed highest rates of ED in their respective subgroups. However, age ≥40 and diabetes were ultimately the strongest factors for ED after multivariate logistic regression analyses, (OR 5.0, 95 % CI 2.2-11.2, p < 0.001 and OR 5.3, 95 % CI 2.2-12.7, p < 0.001 respectively).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Erectile dysfunction affects about a quarter of adult men living in Kinondoni district. Old age, obesity, smoking, hypertension and diabetes have the potential to increase the odds of ED up-to 5 times. In view of this, men with diabetes and hypertension should be offered screening services and treatment of ED as an integral component in their management.
authors.affiliation: Department of Adult Cardiovascular Medicine, Jakaya Kikwete Cardiac Institute, P.O. Box 65141, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania. pedro.pallangyo@gmail.com.|Unit of Research, Jakaya Kikwete Cardiac Institute, P.O. Box 65141, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania. pedro.pallangyo@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Pedro
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Pallangyo
authors.affiliation: Department of Adult Cardiovascular Medicine, Jakaya Kikwete Cardiac Institute, P.O. Box 65141, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania.
authors.forename: Paulina
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Nicholaus
authors.affiliation: Department of Adult Cardiovascular Medicine, Jakaya Kikwete Cardiac Institute, P.O. Box 65141, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania.
authors.forename: Peter
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Kisenge
authors.affiliation: Department of Adult Cardiovascular Medicine, Jakaya Kikwete Cardiac Institute, P.O. Box 65141, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania.
authors.forename: Henry
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Mayala
authors.affiliation: Department of Adult Cardiovascular Medicine, Jakaya Kikwete Cardiac Institute, P.O. Box 65141, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania.
authors.forename: Noel
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Swai
authors.affiliation: Department of Adult Cardiovascular Medicine, Jakaya Kikwete Cardiac Institute, P.O. Box 65141, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania.
authors.forename: Mohamed
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Janabi
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000367:Age Factors; D000368:Aged; D015992:Body Mass Index; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D003924:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / Q000150:complications / Q000453:epidemiology; D007172:Erectile Dysfunction / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000209:etiology; D006801:Humans; D006973:Hypertension / Q000150:complications / Q000453:epidemiology; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009765:Obesity / Q000150:complications / Q000453:epidemiology; D015995:Prevalence; D012307:Risk Factors; D013636:Tanzania / Q000453:epidemiology; D014504:Urban Health / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D055815:Young Adult
keywords: Community-based; Diabetes; Erectile dysfunction; Excess body weight; Hypertension