title: 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin and the viral infection.
abstract: Exposure to 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD), a widespread highly toxic environmental contaminant, suppresses immune response and leads to an increased susceptibility to infectious agents. In particular, several studies have provided evidence that TCDD decreases resistance to numerous viruses. Indeed, in vivo and in vitro investigations showed that the presence of TCDD is able to interfere with the replication of both human and animal viruses, such as influenza A viruses, coxsackie virus B3, immunodeficiency virus type-1 (HIV-1), cytomegalovirus (CMV), herpes simplex II, and bovine herpesvirus 1. Moreover, TCDD could induce an exacerbation of latent infection produced by HIV-1, CMV or Epstein-Barr virus. In this review, we first describe the general effects of TCDD exposure on mammalian cells, then we focus on its influence on the viral infections. Overall, the available data support the concept that TCDD exposure may act as an additional risk factor in promoting of viral diseases.
authors.affiliation: Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Production, University of Naples Federico II, 80137 Naples, Italy; Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale del Mezzogiorno, Via Salute 2, Portici, 80055 Naples, Italy. Electronic address: filomena.fiorito@unina.it.
authors.forename: Filomena
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Fiorito
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacy, University of Naples "Federico II", Via D. Montesano 49, 80131 Naples, Italy.
authors.forename: Rita
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Santamaria
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacy, University of Naples "Federico II", Via D. Montesano 49, 80131 Naples, Italy.
authors.forename: Carlo
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Irace
authors.affiliation: Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Production, University of Naples Federico II, 80137 Naples, Italy. Electronic address: luisa.demartino@unina.it.
authors.forename: Luisa
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: De Martino
authors.affiliation: Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Production, University of Naples Federico II, 80137 Naples, Italy.
authors.forename: Giuseppe
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Iovane
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D003384:Coxsackievirus Infections / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000209:etiology; D004770:Enterovirus / Q000472:pathogenicity; D004781:Environmental Exposure / Q000009:adverse effects*; D006564:Herpesviridae / Q000472:pathogenicity; D006566:Herpesviridae Infections / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000209:etiology; D054884:Host-Pathogen Interactions / Q000187:drug effects; D006801:Humans; D009980:Influenza A virus / Q000472:pathogenicity; D007251:Influenza, Human / Q000209:etiology; D000072317:Polychlorinated Dibenzodioxins / Q000633:toxicity*; D014777:Virus Diseases / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000209:etiology* / Q000662:veterinary
chemical_list: D000072317:Polychlorinated Dibenzodioxins
keywords: AhR; TCDD; Viruses