title: Resistance Band Exercises Reduce Depression and Behavioral Problems of Wheelchair-Bound Older Adults with Dementia: A Cluster-Randomized Controlled Trial.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To test the effects of a 15-month wheelchair-bound resistance band exercise program on depression and behavioral problems of wheelchair-bound older adults with dementia.
  
  
  METHODS
  Single-blind, cluster-randomized controlled trial with repeated measures.
  
  
  METHODS
  Eight nursing homes in southern Taiwan.
  
  
  METHODS
  Wheelchair-bound nursing home older adults with dementia who participated voluntarily (N = 150) were cluster-randomized to two groups (experimental or control group); 127 completed the study (experimental: four nursing homes, n = 65; control: four nursing homes, n = 62).
  
  
  METHODS
  The resistance band exercises were conducted three times per week in 40-minute sessions in the following two sequences: volunteer-led sessions for the first 6 months (Stage I) followed by DVD-guided sessions for the next 9 months (Stage II).
  
  
  METHODS
  Depression, as measured using the Cornell Scale for Depression in Dementia, and behavioral problems, as measured using the Clifton Assessment Procedures for the Elderly-Behavior Rating Scale, of participants were observed at six time points at 3-month intervals: pretest, two posttests at Stage I, and three posttests at Stage II.
  
  
  RESULTS
  By the sixth month of the study, experimental group participants were significantly less depressed and had fewer behavioral problems than control group participants (all P < .05). These small but statistically significant differences persisted throughout the 9 months of the DVD-guided sessions (all P < .05).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Volunteer-led sessions followed by DVD-guided sessions of resistance band exercise is effective and practical in institutional settings.
authors.affiliation: College of Nursing, National Kaohsiung First University of Science and Technology, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Kuei-Min
authors.initials: KM
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.affiliation: College of Health Sciences, National Kaohsiung First University of Science and Technology, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Chang-Chih
authors.initials: CC
authors.lastname: Kuo
authors.affiliation: Office of Student Affairs, National Kaohsiung First University of Science and Technology, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Ya-Hui
authors.initials: YH
authors.lastname: Chang
authors.affiliation: College of Nursing, National Kaohsiung First University of Science and Technology, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Hsin-Ting
authors.initials: HT
authors.lastname: Huang
authors.affiliation: Bao-Dian Social Welfare Charity Foundation, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Yin-Yin
authors.initials: YY
authors.lastname: Cheng
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D003704:Dementia / Q000523:psychology* / Q000628:therapy*; D003863:Depression / Q000628:therapy*; D006233:Persons with Disabilities; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D009735:Nursing Homes; D000066553:Problem Behavior / Q000523:psychology*; D055070:Resistance Training; D016037:Single-Blind Method; D013624:Taiwan; D014910:Wheelchairs
keywords: behavioral problem; dementia; depression; nursing home older adults; wheelchair exercise