title: Recent Advances in Photoacoustic Imaging for Deep-Tissue Biomedical Applications.
abstract: Photoacoustic imaging (PAI), a novel imaging modality based on photoacoustic effect, shows great promise in biomedical applications. By converting pulsed laser excitation into ultrasonic emission, PAI combines the advantages of optical imaging and ultrasound imaging, which benefits rich contrast, high resolution and deep tissue penetration. In this paper, we introduced recent advances of contrast agents, applications, and signal enhancement strategies for PAI. The PA contrast agents were categorized by their components, mainly including inorganic and organic PA contrast agents. The applications of PAI were summarized as follows: deep tumor imaging, therapeutic responses monitoring, metabolic imaging, pH detection, enzyme detection, reactive oxygen species (ROS) detection, metal ions detection, and so on. The enhancement strategies of PA signals were highlighted. In the end, we elaborated on the challenges and provided perspectives of PAI for deep-tissue biomedical applications.
authors.affiliation: Guangdong Key Laboratory for Biomedical Measurements and Ultrasound Imaging, Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Medicine, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China;; Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Devices and Systems of Ministry of Education and Guangdong Province, College of Optoelectronic Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China.; Laboratory of Molecular Imaging and Nanomedicine, National Institute of Biomedical Imaging and Bioengineering, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, United States.
authors.forename: Sheng
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: Guangdong Key Laboratory for Biomedical Measurements and Ultrasound Imaging, Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Medicine, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China.
authors.forename: Jing
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Lin
authors.affiliation: Guangdong Key Laboratory for Biomedical Measurements and Ultrasound Imaging, Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Medicine, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China.
authors.forename: Tianfu
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Molecular Imaging and Nanomedicine, National Institute of Biomedical Imaging and Bioengineering, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, United States.
authors.forename: Xiaoyuan
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.affiliation: Guangdong Key Laboratory for Biomedical Measurements and Ultrasound Imaging, Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Medicine, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China.
authors.forename: Peng
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Huang
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D003287:Contrast Media / Q000008:administration & dosage; D003955:Diagnostic Tests, Routine / Q000379:methods*; D006801:Humans; D061848:Optical Imaging / Q000379:methods*; D061088:Photoacoustic Techniques / Q000379:methods*
chemical_list: D003287:Contrast Media
keywords: Photoacoustic imaging