title: Magnesium Sulfate Provides Neuroprotection in Eclampsia-Like Seizure Model by Ameliorating Neuroinflammation and Brain Edema.
abstract: Eclampsia is a hypertensive disorder of pregnancy that is defined by the new onset of grand mal seizures on the basis of preeclampsia and a leading cause of maternal and fetal mortality worldwide. Presently, magnesium sulfate (MgSO4) is the most effective treatment, but the mechanism by which MgSO4prevents eclampsia has yet to be fully elucidated. We previously showed that systemic inflammation decreases the seizure threshold in a rat eclampsia-like model, and MgSO4treatment can decrease systemic inflammation. Here, we hypothesized that MgSO4plays a neuroprotective role in eclampsia by reducing neuroinflammation and brain edema. Pregnant Sprague-Dawley rats were given an intraperitoneal injection of pentylenetetrazol following a tail vein injection of lipopolysaccharide to establish the eclampsia-like seizure model. Seizure activity was assessed by behavioral testing. Neuronal loss in the hippocampal CA1 region (CA1) was detected by Nissl staining. Cerebrospinal fluid levels of S100-B and ferritin, indicators of neuroinflammation, were detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, and ionized calcium binder adapter molecule 1 (Iba-1, a marker for microglia) and glial fibrillary acid protein (GFAP, a marker for astrocytes) expression in the CA1 area was determined by immunofluorescence staining. Brain edema was measured. Our results revealed that MgSO4effectively attenuated seizure severity and CA1 neuronal loss. In addition, MgSO4significantly reduced cerebrospinal fluid levels of S100-B and ferritin, Iba-1 and GFAP activation in the CA1 area, and brain edema. Our results indicate that MgSO4plays a neuroprotective role against eclampsia-like seizure by reducing neuroinflammation and brain edema.
authors.affiliation: Department of Obstetrics, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, 9 Jinsui Road, Guangzhou, 510623, China.
authors.forename: Xiaolan
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: Department of Obstetrics, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, 9 Jinsui Road, Guangzhou, 510623, China.
authors.forename: Xinjia
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Han
authors.affiliation: Department of Obstetrics, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, 9 Jinsui Road, Guangzhou, 510623, China.
authors.forename: Jinying
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.affiliation: Department of Obstetrics, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, 9 Jinsui Road, Guangzhou, 510623, China.
authors.forename: Junjie
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Bao
authors.affiliation: Department of Obstetrics, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, 9 Jinsui Road, Guangzhou, 510623, China.
authors.forename: Xiaodan
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Di
authors.affiliation: Department of Obstetrics, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, 9 Jinsui Road, Guangzhou, 510623, China.
authors.forename: Guozheng
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: Department of Obstetrics, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, 9 Jinsui Road, Guangzhou, 510623, China. huishuliu@hotmail.com.
authors.forename: Huishu
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Liu
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001253:Astrocytes; D001929:Brain Edema / Q000188:drug therapy*; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D004461:Eclampsia / Q000188:drug therapy; D005260:Female; D007249:Inflammation / Q000188:drug therapy*; D008070:Lipopolysaccharides / Q000494:pharmacology; D008278:Magnesium Sulfate / Q000494:pharmacology*; D017628:Microglia / Q000187:drug effects; D000066829:Neuroprotection; D011247:Pregnancy; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D012640:Seizures / Q000188:drug therapy*
chemical_list: D008070:Lipopolysaccharides; D008278:Magnesium Sulfate
keywords: Brain edema; Eclampsia-like seizure; Magnesium sulfate; Neuroinflammation; Neuronal loss