title: Hydroxycitric acid ameliorates inflammation and oxidative stress in mouse models of multiple sclerosis.
abstract: Hydroxycitric acid (HCA) is derived primarily from the Garcinia plant and is widely used for its anti-inflammatory effects. Multiple sclerosis can cause an inflammatory demyelination and axonal damage. In this study, to validate the hypothesis that HCA exhibits therapeutic effects on multiple sclerosis, we established female C57BL/6 mouse models of multiple sclerosis,i.e., experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis, using Complete Freund's Adjuvant (CFA) emulsion containing myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein (35-55). Treatment with HCA at 2 g/kg/d for 3 weeks obviously improved the symptoms of nerve injury of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis mice, decreased serum interleulin-6, tumor necrosis factor alpha, nitric oxide, and malondialdehyde levels, and increased superoxide dismutase and glutathione reductase activities. These findings suggest that HCA exhibits neuroprotective effects on multiple sclerosis-caused nerve injury through ameliorating inflammation and oxidative stress.
authors.affiliation: Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Alborz University of Medical Sciences, Karaj, Iran.
authors.forename: Mahdi
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Goudarzvand
authors.affiliation: Department of Immunology, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
authors.forename: Sanaz
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Afraei
authors.affiliation: Department of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, Alborz University of Medical Sciences, Karaj, Iran.
authors.forename: Somaye
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Yaslianifard
authors.affiliation: Research Centre for Immunodeficiencies, Pediatrics Centre of Excellence, Children's Medical Centre, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
authors.forename: Saleh
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Ghiasy
authors.affiliation: Research Centre for Immunodeficiencies, Pediatrics Centre of Excellence, Children's Medical Centre, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
authors.forename: Ghazal
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Sadri
authors.affiliation: Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Alborz University of Medical Sciences, Karaj, Iran.
authors.forename: Mustafa
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kalvandi
authors.affiliation: Research Centre for Immunodeficiencies, Pediatrics Centre of Excellence, Children's Medical Centre, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
authors.forename: Tina
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Alinia
authors.affiliation: Growth and Development Research Centre, Paediatrics Centre of Excellence, Children's Medical Centre, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
authors.forename: Ali
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Mohebbi
authors.affiliation: Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran.
authors.forename: Reza
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Yazdani
authors.affiliation: Department of Immunology, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
authors.forename: Shahin Khadem
authors.initials: SK
authors.lastname: Azarian
authors.affiliation: Department of Immunology, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
authors.forename: Abbas
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Mirshafiey
authors.affiliation: Department of Laboratory Medicine, Imam Hassan Mojtaba Hospital, Alborz University of Medical Sciences, Karaj, Iran; Research Centre for Immunodeficiencies, Pediatrics Centre of Excellence, Children's Medical Centre, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
authors.forename: Gholamreza
authors.identifier: 0000-0001-5658-2511
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Azizi
keywords: experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis; hydroxycitric acid; inflammation; multiple sclerosis; nerve regeneration; neural regeneration; oxidative stress