title: Detection of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) and influenza A virus (IAV) in oral fluid of pigs.
abstract: Recently oral fluid has become a novel sample type for pathogen nucleic acid and antibody detection, as it is easy to obtain with non-invasive procedures. The objective of the study was to analyze porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) and influenza A virus (IAV) circulation in growing pigs from three Polish production farms, using Real Time PCR and ELISA testing of oral fluid and serum. Oral fluids were collected every 2weeks, in the same 3-4 pens of pigs aged between 5 and 17weeks. Additionally, blood samples were collected every 4weeks from 4 pigs corresponding to the same pens as oral fluid and tested for the presence of PRRSV nucleic acid (pooled by 4) and antibodies. In farm A no PRRSV circulation was detected and only maternal antibodies were present. In farm B and farm C antibodies to PRRSV in serum and oral fluid were detected in most samples. In farm B PRRSV Type 1 was detected in 80.9% of oral fluid samples and in 58.3% of serum pools, and in farm C in 92.8% of oral fluid samples and 75% serum pools. Striking differences were observed between different pens in PRRSV detection patterns. In farms B and C ORF5 sequence analysis showed the presence of wild type strains which were about 84-85% identical to the modified live vaccine used. In all three farms two waves of IAV shedding with oral fluid were detected, in weaners and fatteners.
authors.affiliation: Warsaw University of Life Sciences - SGGW, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Pathology and Veterinary Diagnostics, Nowoursynowska 159c, 02-776 Warsaw, Poland.
authors.forename: Kinga
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Biernacka
authors.affiliation: Vet-Com L.L.C., Jagiellońska 71, 10-237 Olsztyn, Poland.
authors.forename: Paweł
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Karbowiak
authors.affiliation: Swine Vet Consulting L.L.C., Bolewskiego 40, 63-700 Krotoszyn, Poland.
authors.forename: Paweł
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Wróbel
authors.affiliation: Poldanor SA, Dworcowa 25, 77-320 Przechlewo, Poland.
authors.forename: Tomasz
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Charęza
authors.affiliation: Warsaw University of Life Sciences - SGGW, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Laboratory of Veterinary Epidemiology and Economics, Nowoursynowska 159c, 02-776 Warsaw, Poland.
authors.forename: Michał
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Czopowicz
authors.affiliation: University of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Pathology, István u. 2, H-1078 Budapest, Hungary.
authors.forename: Gyula
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Balka
authors.affiliation: IDEXX Laboratories, Inc., Westbrook, ME, USA.
authors.forename: Christa
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Goodell
authors.affiliation: Tetracore Inc, 9901 Belward Campus Drive Suite 300, Rockville, MD 20850, USA.
authors.forename: Rolf
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Rauh
authors.affiliation: Warsaw University of Life Sciences - SGGW, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Pathology and Veterinary Diagnostics, Nowoursynowska 159c, 02-776 Warsaw, Poland. Electronic address: tomasz_stadejek@sggw.pl.
authors.forename: Tomasz
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Stadejek
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000914:Antibodies, Viral / Q000032:analysis; D004797:Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay / Q000662:veterinary; D062665:Epidemiological Monitoring / Q000662:veterinary*; D005260:Female; D009980:Influenza A virus / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D009976:Orthomyxoviridae Infections / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000662:veterinary*; D010802:Phylogeny; D011044:Poland / Q000453:epidemiology; D019318:Porcine Reproductive and Respiratory Syndrome / Q000175:diagnosis*; D019316:Porcine respiratory and reproductive syndrome virus / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D060888:Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction / Q000662:veterinary; D012463:Saliva / Q000821:virology; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D017422:Sequence Analysis, DNA / Q000662:veterinary; D013552:Swine; D013553:Swine Diseases / Q000175:diagnosis*; D017201:Virus Shedding
chemical_list: D000914:Antibodies, Viral
keywords: ELISA; IAV; Oral fluid; PRRSV; Real time PCR