title: Is There Any Impact of Copper Intrauterine Device on Female Sexual Functioning?
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Intrauterine Device (IUD) is the most preferred modern contraceptive method in Turkey. Female Sexual Dysfunction (FSD) is defined as lack of one or more of the components in the sexual response cycle which includes sexual desire, impaired arousal and inability achieving an orgasm or pain with intercourse. FSD has multi-factorial aetiology. Advanced age and menopause, fatigue and stress, psychiatric and neurologic disease, childbirth, pelvic floor or bladder dysfunction, endometriosis, uterine fibroids, hypertension obesity, medication and substances, hormonal contraceptives, relationship factors are known risk factors for FSD.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To investigate if IUD has any impact on female sexual functioning.
  
  
  METHODS
  In this cross-sectional study subjects were divided into two groups. Study group consisted of 92 IUD-users (mean 5.1±1.2 years) and the control group consisted of 83 women with no contraception. Female Sexual Function Index (FSFI) questionnaire was performed to both two groups. Women with a total score lower than 26.5 were considered as having sexual dysfunction.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The prevalence of FSD was 57.1% among participants. IUD users had a lower total FSFI score comparing to control group but the difference was not statistically different (p=0.983). A positive correlation was found between total FSFI score and duration of IUD (p=0.003).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  No difference was found in terms of sexual dysfunction between IUD users and women with no contraception. The prevalence of FSD was very high in both groups which may be attributed to the socio-cultural factors such as embarrassment of women due to conservatism.
authors.affiliation: Medical Doctor, Department of Gynaecology and Obstetrics, Mugla Sitki Kocman University Training and Research Hospital , Mugla, Turkey .
authors.forename: Sezen Bozkurt
authors.initials: SB
authors.lastname: Koseoglu
authors.affiliation: Associate Professor, Department of Gynaecology and Obstetrics, Mugla Sitki Kocman University Training and Research Hospital , Mugla, Turkey .
authors.forename: Ruya
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Deveer
authors.affiliation: Assistant Professor, Department of Gynaecology and Obstetrics, Mugla Sitki Kocman University Training and Research Hospital , Mugla, Turkey .
authors.forename: Melike Nur
authors.initials: MN
authors.lastname: Akin
authors.affiliation: Medical Doctor, Private Novafertil IVF Center , Konya, Turkey .
authors.forename: Ali Sami
authors.initials: AS
authors.lastname: Gurbuz
authors.affiliation: Assistant Professor, Department of Gynaecology and Obstetrics, Mugla Sitki Kocman University Training and Research Hospital , Mugla, Turkey .
authors.forename: Burcu
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Kasap
authors.affiliation: Medical Doctor, Department of Gynaecology and Obstetrics, Dumlupinar University Evliya Celebi Training and Research Hospital , Kutahya, Turkey .
authors.forename: Huri
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Guvey
keywords: Arousal; Orgasm; Sexual dysfunction