title: Brief compression-only cardiopulmonary resuscitation training video and simulation with homemade mannequin improves CPR skills.
abstract: Cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) training has traditionally involved classroom-based courses or, more recently, home-based video self-instruction. These methods typically require preparation and purchase fee; which can dissuade many potential bystanders from receiving training. This study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of teaching compression-only CPR to previously untrained individuals using our 6-min online CPR training video and skills practice on a homemade mannequin, reproduced by viewers with commonly available items (towel, toilet paper roll, t-shirt).
  
  
  
  Participants viewed the training video and practiced with the homemade mannequin. This was a parallel-design study with pre and post training evaluations of CPR skills (compression rate, depth, hand position, release), and hands-off time (time without compressions). CPR skills were evaluated using a sensor-equipped mannequin and two blinded CPR experts observed testing of participants.
  
  
  
  Twenty-four participants were included: 12 never-trained and 12 currently certified in CPR. Comparing pre and post training, the never-trained group had improvements in average compression rate per minute (64.3 to 103.9, p = 0.006), compressions with correct hand position in 1 min (8.3 to 54.3, p = 0.002), and correct compression release in 1 min (21.2 to 76.3, p < 0.001). The CPR-certified group had adequate pre and post-test compression rates (>100/min), but an improved number of compressions with correct release (53.5 to 94.7, p < 0.001). Both groups had significantly reduced hands-off time after training. Achieving adequate compression depths (>50 mm) remained problematic in both groups. Comparisons made between groups indicated significant improvements in compression depth, hand position, and hands-off time in never-trained compared to CPR-certified participants. Inter-rater agreement values were also calculated between the CPR experts and sensor-equipped mannequin.
  
  
  
  A brief internet-based video coupled with skill practice on a homemade mannequin improved compression-only CPR skills, especially in the previously untrained participants. This training method allows for widespread compression-only CPR training with a tactile learning component, without fees or advance preparation.
authors.affiliation: Clinical Faculty, Department of Emergency Medicine, Christiana Care Health System, 4755 Ogletown-Stanton Road, Newark, DE, 19718, USA. gregorywa@pcom.edu.|Philadelphia College of Osteopathic Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, 19131, USA. gregorywa@pcom.edu.
authors.forename: Gregory K
authors.initials: GK
authors.lastname: Wanner
authors.affiliation: Clinical Faculty, Department of Emergency Medicine, Christiana Care Health System, 4755 Ogletown-Stanton Road, Newark, DE, 19718, USA.
authors.forename: Arayel
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Osborne
authors.affiliation: Department of Biomedical Sciences, Philadelphia College of Osteopathic Medicine, 4170 City Avenue, Philadelphia, PA, 19131, USA.
authors.forename: Charlotte H
authors.initials: CH
authors.lastname: Greene
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D016887:Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation / Q000193:education* / Q000379:methods*; D005260:Female; D006323:Heart Arrest / Q000628:therapy*; D006801:Humans; D020407:Internet; D008297:Male; D008348:Manikins; D014743:Videotape Recording