title: Muscle adaptations following 21 consecutive days of strength test familiarization compared with traditional training.
abstract: Large increases in 1-repetition maximum (1RM) strength have been demonstrated from repeated testing, but it is unknown whether these increases can be augmented by resistance training.
  
  
  
  Five trained individuals performed a 1RM test and maximal voluntary isometric contraction (MVC) for unilateral elbow flexion exercise on 1 arm (testing arm), while the other arm performed a 1RM test and MVC, in addition to 3 sets of exercise (70% 1RM) (training arm), for 21 straight days.
  
  
  
  Although only the training arm had increased muscle thickness [mean 0.28 cm, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.22-0.33 cm], 1RM strength increased similarly in the training (2.2 kg, 95% CI 0.9-3.4 kg; P = 0.008) and testing (1.9 kg, 95% CI 0.5-3.2 kg; P = 0.019) arms.
  
  
  
  Increases in 1RM strength from resistance training are related to the specificity of exercise and are likely driven by mechanisms other than muscle growth. Muscle Nerve 56: 307-314, 2017.
authors.affiliation: Department of Health, Exercise Science, and Recreation Management, Kevser Ermin Applied Physiology Laboratory, University of Mississippi, P.O. Box 1848, University, Mississippi, 38677, USA.
authors.forename: Scott J
authors.initials: SJ
authors.lastname: Dankel
authors.affiliation: Department of Health, Exercise Science, and Recreation Management, Kevser Ermin Applied Physiology Laboratory, University of Mississippi, P.O. Box 1848, University, Mississippi, 38677, USA.
authors.forename: Brittany R
authors.initials: BR
authors.lastname: Counts
authors.affiliation: Department of Health, Exercise Science, and Recreation Management, Kevser Ermin Applied Physiology Laboratory, University of Mississippi, P.O. Box 1848, University, Mississippi, 38677, USA.
authors.forename: Brian E
authors.initials: BE
authors.lastname: Barnett
authors.affiliation: Department of Health, Exercise Science, and Recreation Management, Kevser Ermin Applied Physiology Laboratory, University of Mississippi, P.O. Box 1848, University, Mississippi, 38677, USA.
authors.forename: Samuel L
authors.initials: SL
authors.lastname: Buckner
authors.affiliation: National Institute of Fitness and Sports, Kanoya, Kagoshima, Japan.
authors.forename: Takashi
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Abe
authors.affiliation: Department of Health, Exercise Science, and Recreation Management, Kevser Ermin Applied Physiology Laboratory, University of Mississippi, P.O. Box 1848, University, Mississippi, 38677, USA.
authors.forename: Jeremy P
authors.initials: JP
authors.lastname: Loenneke
mesh_terms: D000222:Adaptation, Physiological / Q000502:physiology*; D000328:Adult; D001132:Arm / Q000502:physiology; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007537:Isometric Contraction / Q000502:physiology*; D008297:Male; D053580:Muscle Strength / Q000502:physiology*; D018482:Muscle, Skeletal / Q000502:physiology*; D063806:Myalgia / Q000209:etiology; D055070:Resistance Training / Q000379:methods*; D013997:Time Factors; D064232:Visual Analog Scale; D055815:Young Adult
keywords: familiarization; frequency; hypertrophy; resistance training; specificity