title: Characterisation of the phenanthrene degradation-related genes and degrading ability of a newly isolated copper-tolerant bacterium.
abstract: A copper-tolerant phenanthrene (PHE)-degrading bacterium, strain Sphingobium sp. PHE-1, was newly isolated from the activated sludge in a wastewater treatment plant. Two key genes, ahdA1b-1 encoding polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon ring-hydroxylating dioxygenase (PAH-RHDɑ) and xyLE encoding catechol-2,3-dioxygenase (C23O), involved in the PHE metabolism by strain PHE-1 were identified. The PAH-RHD gene cluster showed 96% identity with the same cluster of Sphingomonas sp. P2. Our results indicated the induced transcription of xylE and ahdA1b-1 genes by PHE, simultaneously promoted by Cu(II). For the first time, high concentration of Cu(II) is found to encourage the expression of PAH-RHDɑ and C23O genes during PHE degradation. Applying Sphingomonas PHE-1 in PHE-contaminated soils for bioaugmentation, the abundance of xylE gene was increased by the planting of ryegrass and the presence of Cu(II), which, in turn, benefited ryegrass growth. The best performance of PHE degradation and the highest abundance of xylE genes occurred in PHE-copper co-contaminated soils planted with ryegrass.
authors.affiliation: Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, China.
authors.forename: Mengke
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Song
authors.affiliation: College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China.
authors.forename: Ying
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.affiliation: College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China.
authors.forename: Longfei
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Jiang
authors.affiliation: College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China.
authors.forename: Qing
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Hong
authors.affiliation: Lancaster Environment Centre, Lancaster University, Lancaster LA1 4YQ, United Kingdom.
authors.forename: Dayi
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China.
authors.forename: Zhenguo
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Shen
authors.affiliation: College of Environment and Energy, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China.
authors.forename: Hua
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Yin
authors.affiliation: Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, China. Electronic address: clluo@gig.ac.cn.
authors.forename: Chunling
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Luo
mesh_terms: D001419:Bacteria / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D001673:Biodegradation, Environmental; D003300:Copper / Q000494:pharmacology*; D049308:Dioxygenases; D015964:Gene Expression Regulation, Bacterial; D008129:Lolium; D010616:Phenanthrenes / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism*; D011084:Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons; D012987:Soil / Q000737:chemistry; D012988:Soil Microbiology; D020578:Sphingomonas / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D010616:Phenanthrenes; D011084:Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons; D012987:Soil; D003300:Copper; D049308:Dioxygenases
keywords: Bioremediation; C23O gene; Copper; PAH-RHD(α) gene; Phenanthrene (PHE); Sphingobium