title: Evaluation of the histological and mechanical features of tendon healing in a rabbit model with the use of second-harmonic-generation imaging and tensile testing.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  This study aimed to evaluate the histological and mechanical features of tendon healing in a rabbit model with second-harmonic-generation (SHG) imaging and tensile testing.
  
  
  METHODS
  A total of eight male Japanese white rabbits were used for this study. The flexor digitorum tendons in their right leg were sharply transected, and then were repaired by intratendinous stitching. At four weeks post-operatively, the rabbits were killed and the flexor digitorum tendons in both right and left legs were excised and used as specimens for tendon healing (n = 8) and control (n = 8), respectively. Each specimen was examined by SHG imaging, followed by tensile testing, and the results of the two testing modalities were assessed for correlation.
  
  
  RESULTS
  While the SHG light intensity of the healing tendon samples was significantly lower than that of the uninjured tendon samples, 2D Fourier transform SHG images showed a clear difference in collagen fibre structure between the uninjured and the healing samples, and among the healing samples. The mean intensity of the SHG image showed a moderate correlation (R2= 0.37) with Young's modulus obtained from the tensile testing.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our results indicate that SHG microscopy may be a potential indicator of tendon healing.Cite this article: E. Hase, K. Sato, D. Yonekura, T. Minamikawa, M. Takahashi, T. Yasui. Evaluation of the histological and mechanical features of tendon healing in a rabbit model with the use of second-harmonic-generation imaging and tensile testing. Bone Joint Res 2016;5:577-585. DOI: 10.1302/2046-3758.511.BJR-2016-0162.R1.
authors.affiliation: Graduate School of Advanced Technology and Science, The Tokushima University, Tokushima 770-8506, Japan.
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Hase
authors.affiliation: Graduate School of Science and Technology, The Tokushima University, Tokushima 770-8506, Japan.
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Sato
authors.affiliation: Graduate School of Science and Technology, The Tokushima University, Tokushima 770-8506, Japan.
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Yonekura
authors.affiliation: Graduate School of Science and Technology, The Tokushima University, Tokushima 770-8506, Japan.
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Minamikawa
authors.affiliation: Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Tokushima Prefectural Central Hospital, Tokushima, 770-8539, Japan.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Takahashi
authors.affiliation: Graduate School of Science and Technology, The Tokushima University, Tokushima 770-8506, Japan yasui.takeshi@tokushima-u.ac.jp.
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Yasui
keywords: Collagen; Healing; Second-harmonic-generation microscopy; Tendon; Tensile testing