title: Update on Ocular Myasthenia Gravis.
abstract: Ocular myasthenia gravis (OMG) is a localized form of myasthenia gravis in which autoantibodies directed against acetylcholine receptors block or destroy these receptors at the postsynaptic neuromuscular junction. The hallmark of OMG is a history of painless weakness or fatigability of the extraocular muscles and ptosis with normal pupillary function and visual acuity. Clinical, laboratory, electrophysiologic, and pharmacologic tests are available for diagnosis. Treatment can begin with symptom management; there is no cure. Prognosis is improved by use of immunomodulators. Despite advances in treatment, research is needed, especially in the areas of surgical intervention and medical therapy based on risk stratification.
authors.affiliation: Department of Ophthalmology, Blanton Eye Institute, Houston Methodist Hospital, Scurlock Tower, 6560 Fannin Street, Suite 450, Houston, TX 77030, USA.
authors.forename: Stacy V
authors.initials: SV
authors.lastname: Smith
authors.affiliation: Department of Ophthalmology, Blanton Eye Institute, Houston Methodist Hospital, Scurlock Tower, 6560 Fannin Street, Suite 450, Houston, TX 77030, USA; Baylor College of Medicine, 1 Baylor Plaza, Houston, TX 77030, USA; Department of Ophthalmology, University of Texas Medical Branch (UTMB), Galveston, TX, USA; Department of Ophthalmology, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA; Department of Neurology, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA; Department of Neurosurgery, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA; Section of Ophthalmology, UT MD Anderson Cancer Center (UTMDACC), Houston, TX, USA; Department of Ophthalmology, University of Iowa Hospitals and Clinics, Iowa City, IA, USA. Electronic address: AGLee@HoustonMethodist.org.
authors.forename: Andrew G
authors.initials: AG
authors.lastname: Lee
mesh_terms: D003937:Diagnosis, Differential; D006801:Humans; D009157:Myasthenia Gravis / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000628:therapy*; D011379:Prognosis
keywords: Autoimmune disease; Diplopia; Myasthenia gravis; Neuromuscular junction disorder; Ophthalmoplegia; Ptosis; Weakness