title: The Association of Fatty Acid Levels and Gleason Grade among Men Undergoing Radical Prostatectomy.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Epidemiological data suggest that omega-6 (ω-6) fatty acids (FAs) may be associated with cancer incidence and/or cancer mortality, whereas ω-3 FAs are potentially protective. We examined the association of the ratio of ω-6 to ω-3 FA (ω-6:ω-3) and individual FA components with pathological results among men with prostate cancer (PCa) undergoing radical prostatectomy.
  
  
  METHODS
  Sixty-nine men were included in the study. Components of ω-6 (linoleic acid (LA), arachidonic acid (AA), and dihomo-γ-linolenic acid (DGLA)) and ω-3 (docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) and eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA)) were analyzed by liquid chromatography/mass selective detector separation. Logistic regression analysis was performed to determine association of FA with pathological high grade (Gleason ≥4+3) disease.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The were 35 men with low grade disease (Gleason ≤3+4) and 34 men with high grade disease. Men with low grade disease were significantly younger (58y vs 61y, p = 0.012) and had lower D'Amico clinical classification (p = 0.001) compared to men with high grade disease. There was no significant association of ω-6:ω-3 with high grade disease (OR 0.93, p = 0.78), however overall ω-6, ω-3, and individual components of ω-6 and ω-3 FAs except EPA were significantly associated with high grade disease (ω-6: OR 3.37, 95% CI: 1.27,8.98; LA: OR 3.33, 95% CI:1.24,8.94; AA: OR 2.93, 95% CI:1.24,6.94; DGLA: OR 3.21, 95% CI:1.28,8.04; ω-3: OR 3.47, 95% CI:1.22,9.83; DHA: OR 3.13, 95% CI:1.26,7.74). ω-6 and ω-3 FA components were highly correlated (Spearman ρ = 0.77).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Higher levels of individual components of ω-6 and ω-3FAs may be associated with higher-grade PCa.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Studies into the causative factors/pathways regarding FAs and prostate carcinogenesis may prove a potential association with PCa aggressiveness.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biostatistics, Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Nashville, TN, USA.
authors.forename: Zhiguo
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Zhao
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, Section of Urology, Medical College of Georgia-Augusta University, Augusta, Georgia, USA.
authors.forename: Lael
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Reinstatler
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, Section of Urology, Medical College of Georgia-Augusta University, Augusta, Georgia, USA.
authors.forename: Zachary
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Klaassen
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, North Dakota State University, Fargo, ND, USA.
authors.forename: Yi
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Xu
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, North Dakota State University, Fargo, ND, USA.
authors.forename: Xiaoyu
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, Section of Urology, Medical College of Georgia-Augusta University, Augusta, Georgia, USA.
authors.forename: Rabii
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Madi
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, Section of Urology, Medical College of Georgia-Augusta University, Augusta, Georgia, USA.
authors.forename: Martha K
authors.initials: MK
authors.lastname: Terris
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, North Dakota State University, Fargo, ND, USA.
authors.forename: Steven Y
authors.initials: SY
authors.lastname: Qian
authors.affiliation: Nutechbiomarkers LLC, Savannah, Georgia, USA.
authors.forename: Uddhav
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: Kelavkar
authors.affiliation: Department of Urologic Surgery, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA.
authors.forename: Kelvin A
authors.initials: KA
authors.lastname: Moses
mesh_terms: D015126:8,11,14-Eicosatrienoic Acid / Q000097:blood / Q000302:isolation & purification; D000368:Aged; D016718:Arachidonic Acid / Q000097:blood / Q000302:isolation & purification; D002851:Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; D004281:Docosahexaenoic Acids / Q000097:blood / Q000302:isolation & purification; D015118:Eicosapentaenoic Acid / Q000097:blood / Q000302:isolation & purification; D015525:Fatty Acids, Omega-3 / Q000097:blood* / Q000302:isolation & purification; D043371:Fatty Acids, Omega-6 / Q000097:blood* / Q000302:isolation & purification; D006801:Humans; D019787:Linoleic Acid / Q000097:blood / Q000302:isolation & purification; D008297:Male; D013058:Mass Spectrometry; D008875:Middle Aged; D060787:Neoplasm Grading; D016017:Odds Ratio; D011468:Prostatectomy; D011471:Prostatic Neoplasms / Q000097:blood / Q000473:pathology* / Q000601:surgery
chemical_list: D015525:Fatty Acids, Omega-3; D043371:Fatty Acids, Omega-6; D004281:Docosahexaenoic Acids; D016718:Arachidonic Acid; D019787:Linoleic Acid; D015118:Eicosapentaenoic Acid; D015126:8,11,14-Eicosatrienoic Acid