title: Granulocyte colony stimulating factor treatment of resistant thin endometrium in women with frozen-thawed blastocyst transfer.
abstract: The aim of the study was to assess the granulocyte-colony stimulating factor (G-CSF) effect on unresponsive thin (<7 mm) endometrium in women undergoing frozen-thawed embryo transfer at the blastocyst stage. A total of 62 women with thin unresponsive endometrium were included in the study, of which, 29 received a G-CSF infusion and 33 who opted out of the study served as controls. Patients in both groups had similar endometrial thickness at the time of the initial evaluation: 6.50 mm (5.50-6.80) in the G-CSF and 6.40 mm (5.50-7.0) in the control group. However, after the infusion endometrial thickness increased significantly in the G-CSF group in comparison with the controls (p=0.01), (Δ) 0.5 (0.02-1.2) (p=0.005). In the G-CSF group endometrium expanded to 7.90 mm (6.58-8.70) while in the control group to 6.90 mm (6.0-7.75). Five women in each group conceived. The clinical pregnancy rate was 5/29 (17.24%) in the G-CSF treated group and 5/33 (15.15%) in the control group (p>0.05). The live birth rate was 2/29 (6.89%) in the G-CSF group and 2/33 (6.06%) in the control group (p>0.05). We concluded that G-CSF infusion leads to an improvement in endometrium thickness but not to any improvement in the clinical pregnancy and live birth rates. Until more data is available G-CSF treatment should be considered to be of limited value in increasing pregnancy rate.
  
  
  BACKGROUND
  G-CSF: granulocyte colony-stimulating factor; M-CSF: macrophagecolony-stimulating factor; GM-CSF: granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor; FET: frozen embryo transfer; IVF: in vitro fertilization.
authors.affiliation: a INVICTA Fertility and Reproductive Center , Warsaw , Poland.|b Department of Gyneacological Endocrinology , Medical University of Warsaw , Warsaw , Poland.
authors.forename: Michał
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kunicki
authors.affiliation: a INVICTA Fertility and Reproductive Center , Warsaw , Poland.|b Department of Gyneacological Endocrinology , Medical University of Warsaw , Warsaw , Poland.|c INVICTA Fertility and Reproductive Center , Gdańsk , Poland.|d Department of Obstetrics and Gynecological Nursing , Faculty of Health Sciences, Medical University of Gdańsk , Poland.
authors.forename: Krzysztof
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Łukaszuk
authors.affiliation: c INVICTA Fertility and Reproductive Center , Gdańsk , Poland.
authors.forename: Joanna
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Liss
authors.affiliation: d Department of Obstetrics and Gynecological Nursing , Faculty of Health Sciences, Medical University of Gdańsk , Poland.
authors.forename: Patrycja
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Skowrońska
authors.affiliation: c INVICTA Fertility and Reproductive Center , Gdańsk , Poland.
authors.forename: Joanna
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Szczyptańska
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D015925:Cryopreservation; D010064:Embryo Implantation / Q000187:drug effects*; D004624:Embryo Transfer; D004717:Endometrium / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000473:pathology / Q000503:physiopathology; D005260:Female; D005300:Fertility Agents, Female / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D005307:Fertilization in Vitro; D016179:Granulocyte Colony-Stimulating Factor / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D006801:Humans; D007247:Infertility, Female / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000628:therapy*; D050498:Live Birth; D011247:Pregnancy; D018873:Pregnancy Rate; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D005300:Fertility Agents, Female; D016179:Granulocyte Colony-Stimulating Factor
keywords: FET; G-CSF; reproductive medicine; thin endometrium