title: 3-Nitropropionic acid production by the endophytic Diaporthe citri: Molecular taxonomy, chemical characterization, and quantification under pH variation.
abstract: 3-nitropropionic acid (3-NPA) is a nitrogenated compound produced by plants and fungi and has been associated with poisoning episodes in humans, animals, and to induction of Huntington disease symptoms in rats. The production of 3-NPA by endophytes has been reported, but the function and biosynthesis are not well-defined. The specie of endophytic strain G-01 was confirmed as Diaporthe citri using a multilocus sequence analysis, and was verified different concentrations of 3-NPA produced at different initial pHs by these strain. The chemical analysis indicated that 3-NPA was the majority compound present in the crude extracts. The better extraction condition was at an initial pH of 7.0 for 22 d, yielding about 80 % of 3-NPA per mg of extract. It was observed that the concentration of 3-NPA increased after the initial consumption of reduction sugars, indicating that the compound is produced after the high energetic production phase of the fungus. These and other studies demonstrate the production of this compound by plants and endophytic fungi, indicating that 3-NPA may be involved in defence and nutrition systems of endophytes and host plants, and they also might participate in the biogeochemical nitrogen cycle.
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Biotecnologia, Genética e Biologia Celular, Universidade Estadual de Maringá (UEM), CEP: 87020-900, Maringá, Paraná, Brazil.
authors.forename: Julio Cesar
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: Polonio
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Química, Universidade Estadual de Maringá (UEM), CEP: 87020-900, Maringá, Paraná, Brazil.
authors.forename: Marcos Alessandro Dos Santos
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Ribeiro
authors.affiliation: Instituto Federal Catarinense - IFC, Campus de São Francisco do Sul, CEP: 89240-000, São Francisco do Sul, Santa Catarina, Brazil.
authors.forename: Sandro Augusto
authors.initials: SA
authors.lastname: Rhoden
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Química, Universidade Estadual de Maringá (UEM), CEP: 87020-900, Maringá, Paraná, Brazil.
authors.forename: Maria Helena
authors.initials: MH
authors.lastname: Sarragiotto
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Genética, Escola Superior de Agricultura Luiz de Queiroz - ESALQ/USP, CEP: 13418-260, Piracicaba, São Paulo, Brazil.
authors.forename: João Lúcio
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: Azevedo
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Biotecnologia, Genética e Biologia Celular, Universidade Estadual de Maringá (UEM), CEP: 87020-900, Maringá, Paraná, Brazil. Electronic address: prof.pamphile@gmail.com.
authors.forename: João Alencar
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Pamphile
mesh_terms: D001203:Ascomycota / Q000145:classification* / Q000235:genetics / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000378:metabolism*; D003470:Culture Media / Q000737:chemistry; D060026:Endophytes / Q000145:classification* / Q000235:genetics / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000378:metabolism*; D006863:Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; D058885:Multilocus Sequence Typing; D009574:Nitro Compounds / Q000378:metabolism*; D010802:Phylogeny; D010944:Plants / Q000382:microbiology; D011422:Propionates / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D003470:Culture Media; D009574:Nitro Compounds; D011422:Propionates; C015392:3-nitropropionic acid
keywords: 3-NPA; Endophyte-plant interactions; MLSA; Secondary metabolites