title: Patients' Need for Tailored Comparative Health Care Information: A Qualitative Study on Choosing a Hospital.
abstract: The Internet is increasingly being used to provide patients with information about the quality of care of different health care providers. Although online comparative health care information is widely available internationally, and patients have been shown to be interested in this information, its effect on patients' decision making is still limited.
  
  
  
  This study aimed to explore patients' preferences regarding information presentation and their values concerning tailored comparative health care information. Meeting patients' information presentation needs might increase the perceived relevance and use of the information.
  
  
  
  A total of 38 people participated in 4 focus groups. Comparative health care information about hip and knee replacement surgery was used as a case example. One part of the interview focused on patients' information presentation preferences, whereas the other part focused on patients' values of tailored information (ie, showing reviews of patients with comparable demographics). The qualitative data were transcribed verbatim and analyzed using the constant comparative method.
  
  
  
  The following themes were deduced from the transcripts: number of health care providers to be presented, order in which providers are presented, relevancy of tailoring patient reviews, and concerns about tailoring. Participants' preferences differed concerning how many and in which order health care providers must be presented. Most participants had no interest in patient reviews that were shown for specific subgroups based on age, gender, or ethnicity. Concerns of tailoring were related to the representativeness of results and the complexity of information. A need for information about the medical specialist when choosing a hospital was stressed by several participants.
  
  
  
  The preferences for how comparative health care information should be presented differ between people. "Information on demand" and information about the medical specialist might be promising ways to increase the relevancy and use of online comparative health care information. Future research should focus on how different groups of people use comparative health care information for different health care choices in real life.
authors.affiliation: Netherlands Institute for Health Services Research (NIVEL), Utrecht, Netherlands.
authors.forename: Nicolien C
authors.identifier: 0000-0002-2003-9266
authors.initials: NC
authors.lastname: Zwijnenberg
authors.affiliation: Netherlands Institute for Health Services Research (NIVEL), Utrecht, Netherlands.
authors.forename: Michelle
authors.identifier: 0000-0002-7924-6294
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Hendriks
authors.affiliation: Netherlands Institute for Health Services Research (NIVEL), Utrecht, Netherlands.
authors.forename: Evelien
authors.identifier: 0000-0002-1276-3537
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Bloemendal
authors.affiliation: Department of Public and Occupational Health and EMGO+ Institute for Health and Care Research, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, Netherlands.
authors.forename: Olga C
authors.identifier: 0000-0002-4482-5042
authors.initials: OC
authors.lastname: Damman
authors.affiliation: Netherlands Institute for Health Services Research (NIVEL), Utrecht, Netherlands.
authors.forename: Judith D
authors.identifier: 0000-0002-9549-9005
authors.initials: JD
authors.lastname: de Jong
authors.affiliation: Quality Institute, National Health Care Institute, Diemen, Netherlands.|Tilburg School of Social and Behavioral Sciences, Tranzo, Tilburg University, Tilburg, Netherlands.
authors.forename: Diana Mj
authors.identifier: 0000-0002-2066-9604
authors.initials: DM
authors.lastname: Delnoij
authors.affiliation: Netherlands Institute for Health Services Research (NIVEL), Utrecht, Netherlands.|School for Public Health and Primary Care (CAPHRI), Department of Family Medicine, Maastricht University, Maastricht, Netherlands.
authors.forename: Jany Jd
authors.identifier: 0000-0003-2742-4543
authors.initials: JJ
authors.lastname: Rademakers
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D002755:Choice Behavior; D003657:Decision Making; D003695:Delivery of Health Care / Q000592:standards*; D005260:Female; D006761:Hospitals / Q000592:standards*; D006801:Humans; D020407:Internet; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010358:Patient Participation; D057240:Patient Preference; D036301:Qualitative Research; D011787:Quality of Health Care
keywords: choice behavior; decision making; hospitals; patients; qualitative research; quality of health care