title: Interactions of GST Polymorphisms in Air Pollution Exposure and Respiratory Diseases and Allergies.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The purpose of this review is to summarize the evidence from recently published original studies investigating how glutathione S-transferase (GST) gene polymorphisms modify the impact of air pollution on asthma, allergic diseases, and lung function.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Current studies in epidemiological and controlled human experiments found evidence to suggest that GSTs modify the impact of air pollution exposure on respiratory diseases and allergies. Of the nine articles included in this review, all except one identified at least one significant interaction with at least one of glutathione S-transferase pi 1 (GSTP1), glutathione S-transferase mu 1 (GSTM1), or glutathione S-transferase theta 1 (GSTT1) genes and air pollution exposure. The findings of these studies, however, are markedly different. This difference can be partially explained by regional variation in the exposure levels and oxidative potential of different pollutants and by other interactions involving a number of unaccounted environment exposures and multiple genes. Although there is evidence of an interaction between GST genes and air pollution exposure for the risk of respiratory disease and allergies, results are not concordant. Further investigations are needed to explore the reasons behind the discordancy.
authors.affiliation: Allergy and Lung Health Unit, Centre for Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Population and Global Health, University of Melbourne, L3, 207 Bouverie Street, Carlton, Melbourne, VIC, 3053, Australia. gayan.bowatte@unimelb.edu.au.
authors.forename: Gayan
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Bowatte
authors.affiliation: Allergy and Lung Health Unit, Centre for Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Population and Global Health, University of Melbourne, L3, 207 Bouverie Street, Carlton, Melbourne, VIC, 3053, Australia.|Murdoch Childrens Research Institute, Melbourne, Australia.
authors.forename: Caroline J
authors.initials: CJ
authors.lastname: Lodge
authors.affiliation: Allergy and Lung Health Unit, Centre for Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Population and Global Health, University of Melbourne, L3, 207 Bouverie Street, Carlton, Melbourne, VIC, 3053, Australia.|The Institute of Breathing and Sleep (IBAS), Melbourne, Australia.
authors.forename: Jennifer L
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: Perret
authors.affiliation: Allergy and Lung Health Unit, Centre for Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Population and Global Health, University of Melbourne, L3, 207 Bouverie Street, Carlton, Melbourne, VIC, 3053, Australia.
authors.forename: Melanie C
authors.initials: MC
authors.lastname: Matheson
authors.affiliation: Allergy and Lung Health Unit, Centre for Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Population and Global Health, University of Melbourne, L3, 207 Bouverie Street, Carlton, Melbourne, VIC, 3053, Australia.|Murdoch Childrens Research Institute, Melbourne, Australia.
authors.forename: Shyamali C
authors.initials: SC
authors.lastname: Dharmage
mesh_terms: D000397:Air Pollution / Q000009:adverse effects*; D004781:Environmental Exposure; D020022:Genetic Predisposition to Disease; D005982:Glutathione Transferase / Q000235:genetics*; D006801:Humans; D006967:Hypersensitivity / Q000201:enzymology / Q000209:etiology* / Q000235:genetics; D011110:Polymorphism, Genetic; D012120:Respiration Disorders / Q000201:enzymology / Q000209:etiology* / Q000235:genetics; D012307:Risk Factors
chemical_list: D005982:Glutathione Transferase
keywords: Air pollution; Allergy; GST polymorphisms; Glutathione S-transferase; Respiratory disease