title: Cellular and Molecular Responses to Mechanical Expansion of Tissue.
abstract: The increased use of tissue expander in the past decades and its potential market values in near future give enough reasons to sum up the consequences of tissue expansion. Furthermore, the patients have the right to know underlying mechanisms of adaptation of inserted biomimetic, its bioinspired materials and probable complications. The mechanical strains during tissue expansion are related to several biological phenomena. Tissue remodeling during the expansion is highly regulated and depends on the signal transduction. Any alteration may lead to tumor formation, necrosis and/or apoptosis. In this review, stretch induced cell proliferation, apoptosis, the roles of growth factors, stretch induced ion channels, and roles of second messengers are organized. It is expected that readers from any background can understand and make a decision about tissue expansion.
authors.affiliation: Department of Children's Dentistry and Orthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Malaya Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
authors.forename: Muhammad Abdur
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Razzak
authors.affiliation: Department of Children's Dentistry and Orthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Malaya Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
authors.forename: Md Sanower
authors.initials: MS
authors.lastname: Hossain
authors.affiliation: Department of Children's Dentistry and Orthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Malaya Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
authors.forename: Zamri Bin
authors.initials: ZB
authors.lastname: Radzi
authors.affiliation: Department of Children's Dentistry and Orthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Malaya Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
authors.forename: Noor Azlin B
authors.initials: NA
authors.lastname: Yahya
authors.affiliation: Department of Materials, University of Oxford Oxford, UK.
authors.forename: Jan
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Czernuszka
authors.affiliation: Department of Children's Dentistry and Orthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Malaya Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
authors.forename: Mohammad T
authors.initials: MT
authors.lastname: Rahman
keywords: apoptosis; focal adhesion complex; growth factors; ion channels; secondary messengers; tissue expansion