title: Migration highways and migration barriers created by host-parasite interactions.
abstract: Co-evolving parasites may play a key role in host migration and population structure. Using co-evolving bacteria and viruses, we test general hypotheses as to how co-evolving parasites affect the success of passive host migration between habitats that can support different intensities of host-parasite interactions. First, we show that parasites aid migration from areas of intense to weak co-evolutionary interactions and impede migration in the opposite direction, as a result of intraspecific apparent competition mediated via parasites. Second, when habitats show qualitative difference such that some environments support parasite persistence while others do not, different population regulation forces (either parasitism or competitive exclusion) will reduce the success of migration in both directions. Our study shows that co-evolution with parasites can predictably homogenises or isolates host populations, depending on heterogeneity of abiotic conditions, with the second scenario constituting a novel type of 'isolation by adaptation'.
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Earth Surface Processes and Resource Ecology and MOE Key Laboratory for Biodiversity Science and Ecological Engineering, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, China.
authors.forename: Quan-Guo
authors.initials: QG
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: ESI & CEC, Biosciences, University of Exeter, Penryn, Cornwall, TR10 9EZ, UK.
authors.forename: Angus
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Buckling
mesh_terms: D000222:Adaptation, Physiological / Q000502:physiology; D001431:Bacteriological Techniques; D005075:Biological Evolution; D006790:Host-Parasite Interactions; D009068:Movement; D017105:Pseudomonas Phages / Q000502:physiology*; D011551:Pseudomonas fluorescens / Q000235:genetics* / Q000821:virology*; D013045:Species Specificity; D013696:Temperature
keywords: Adaptation; co-evolution; consumer-resource interactions; experimental evolution; geographic mosaic of co-evolution; isolation by adaptation; local adaptation