title: Development of potential candidate reference materials for drugs in bottom sediment, cod and herring tissues.
abstract: Regular use of a reference material and participation in a proficiency testing program can improve the reliability of analytical data. This paper presents the preparation of candidate reference materials for the drugs metoprolol, propranolol, carbamazepine, naproxen, and acenocoumarol in freshwater bottom sediment and cod and herring tissues. These reference materials are not available commercially. Drugs (between 7 ng/g and 32 ng/g) were added to the samples, and the spiked samples were freeze-dried, pulverized, sieved, homogenized, bottled, and sterilized by γ-irradiation to prepare the candidate materials. Procedures for extraction and liquid chromatography coupled with tandem mass spectrometry were developed to determine the drugs of interest in the studied material. Each target drug was quantified using two analytical procedures, and the results obtained from these two procedures were in good agreement with each other. Stability and homogeneity assessments were performed, and the relative uncertainties due to instability (for an expiration date of 12 months) and inhomogeneity were 10-25% and 4.0-6.8%, respectively. These procedures will be useful in the future production of reference materials.
authors.affiliation: Department of Inorganic, Analytical Chemistry and Electrochemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Silesian University of Technology, 7 M. Strzody Str., 44-100 Gliwice, Poland. Electronic address: irena.baranowska@polsl.pl.
authors.forename: Irena
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Baranowska
authors.affiliation: Chair of Environmental Chemistry and Bioanalytics, Faculty of Chemistry, Nicolaus Copernicus University, Gagarin 7 Str., 87-100 Torun, Poland.
authors.forename: Bogusław
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Buszewski
authors.affiliation: Department of Analytical Chemistry, Chemical Faculty, Gdańsk University of Technology, 11/12 Narutowicza Str., 80-233 Gdańsk, Poland.
authors.forename: Jacek
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Namieśnik
authors.affiliation: Department of Analytical Chemistry, Chemical Faculty, Gdańsk University of Technology, 11/12 Narutowicza Str., 80-233 Gdańsk, Poland.
authors.forename: Piotr
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Konieczka
authors.affiliation: Department of Inorganic, Analytical Chemistry and Electrochemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Silesian University of Technology, 7 M. Strzody Str., 44-100 Gliwice, Poland.
authors.forename: Sylwia
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Magiera
authors.affiliation: Institute of Nuclear Chemistry and Technology, Dorodna 16 Str., 03-195 Warsaw, Poland.
authors.forename: Halina
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Polkowska-Motrenko
authors.affiliation: Jagiellonian University in Kraków, Faculty of Chemistry, Department of Analytical Chemistry, Ingardena Str. 3, 30-060 Kraków, Poland.
authors.forename: Paweł
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Kościelniak
authors.affiliation: Chair of Environmental Chemistry and Bioanalytics, Faculty of Chemistry, Nicolaus Copernicus University, Gagarin 7 Str., 87-100 Torun, Poland.
authors.forename: Renata
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Gadzała-Kopciuch
authors.affiliation: Jagiellonian University in Kraków, Faculty of Chemistry, Department of Analytical Chemistry, Ingardena Str. 3, 30-060 Kraków, Poland.
authors.forename: Aneta
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Woźniakiewicz
authors.affiliation: Institute of Nuclear Chemistry and Technology, Dorodna 16 Str., 03-195 Warsaw, Poland.
authors.forename: Zbigniew
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Samczyński
authors.affiliation: Department of Analytical Chemistry, Chemical Faculty, Gdańsk University of Technology, 11/12 Narutowicza Str., 80-233 Gdańsk, Poland.
authors.forename: Kinga
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Kochańska
authors.affiliation: Department of Analytical Chemistry, Chemical Faculty, Gdańsk University of Technology, 11/12 Narutowicza Str., 80-233 Gdańsk, Poland.
authors.forename: Małgorzata
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Rutkowska
mesh_terms: D000074:Acenocoumarol / Q000032:analysis / Q000378:metabolism; D000818:Animals; D002220:Carbamazepine / Q000032:analysis / Q000378:metabolism; D002853:Chromatography, Liquid / Q000379:methods; D004784:Environmental Monitoring / Q000379:methods* / Q000592:standards; D005399:Fishes / Q000378:metabolism*; D008790:Metoprolol / Q000032:analysis / Q000378:metabolism; D009288:Naproxen / Q000032:analysis / Q000378:metabolism; D011433:Propranolol / Q000032:analysis / Q000378:metabolism; D012015:Reference Standards; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D017747:Seafood; D053719:Tandem Mass Spectrometry / Q000379:methods; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical / Q000032:analysis* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000592:standards
chemical_list: D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical; D002220:Carbamazepine; D009288:Naproxen; D011433:Propranolol; D008790:Metoprolol; D000074:Acenocoumarol
keywords: Bottom sediment; Drug; Fish tissues; Potential reference material