title: Use of an Auditory Hallucination Simulation to Increase Student Pharmacist Empathy for Patients with Mental Illness.
abstract: Objective.To increase student pharmacist empathy through the use of an auditory hallucination simulation.Design.Third-year professional pharmacy students independently completed seven stations requiring skills such as communication, following directions, reading comprehension, and cognition while listening to an audio recording simulating what one experiencing auditory hallucinations may hear. Following the simulation, students participated in a faculty-led debriefing and completed a written reflection.Assessment.The Kiersma-Chen Empathy Scale was completed by each student before and after the simulation to measure changes in empathy. The written reflections were read and qualitatively analyzed. Empathy scores increased significantly after the simulation. Qualitative analysis showed students most frequently reported feeling distracted and frustrated. All student participants recommended the simulation be offered to other student pharmacists, and 99% felt the simulation would impact their future careers.Conclusions.With approximately 10 million adult Americans suffering from serious mental illness, it is important for pharmacy educators to prepare students to provide adequate patient care to this population. This auditory hallucination simulation increased student pharmacist empathy for patients with mental illness.
authors.affiliation: North Dakota State University School of Pharmacy, Fargo, North Dakota.
authors.forename: Elizabeth T
authors.initials: ET
authors.lastname: Skoy
authors.affiliation: North Dakota State University School of Pharmacy, Fargo, North Dakota.
authors.forename: Heidi N
authors.initials: HN
authors.lastname: Eukel
authors.affiliation: North Dakota State University School of Pharmacy, Fargo, North Dakota.
authors.forename: Jeanne E
authors.initials: JE
authors.lastname: Frenzel
authors.affiliation: North Dakota State University School of Pharmacy, Fargo, North Dakota.
authors.forename: Amy
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Werremeyer
authors.affiliation: North Dakota State University School of Nursing, Fargo, North Dakota.
authors.forename: Becky
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: McDaniel
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D002983:Clinical Competence; D003142:Communication; D003198:Computer Simulation; D004521:Educational Measurement; D004645:Empathy; D000071216:Faculty, Pharmacy; D005260:Female; D006212:Hallucinations / Q000523:psychology*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D001523:Mental Disorders / Q000523:psychology* / Q000628:therapy; D009483:Neuropsychological Tests; D010593:Pharmaceutical Services; D013339:Students, Pharmacy / Q000523:psychology*; D055815:Young Adult
keywords: empathy; mental illness; pharmaceutical care laboratory; simulation