title: Indazolo[3,2-b]quinazolinones Attack Hepatocellular Carcinoma Hep3B Cells by Inducing Mitochondrial-Dependent Apoptosis and Inhibition of Nrf2/ARE Signaling Pathway.
abstract: Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the second leading cause of cancer death worldwide. Genotoxic stress resistance in patients often contributes to poor clinical outcomes, and is intensively associated to the upregulation of Nrf2/ARE signaling pathway. In this study, we examined the connection between the anticancer activity of two novel indazolo[3,2-b]quinazolinone (IQ) derivatives, IQ-7 and IQ-12, and their effect on the Nrf2/ARE signaling pathway.
  
  
  
  We initially measured the cytotoxicity of IQ-7 and IQ-12 in Hep3B (human hepatoma cell) and HL-7702 (normal human liver cell) cell lines, then further detected their effects on Nrf2/ARE signaling pathway and apoptosis.
  
  
  
  IQ-7 and IQ-12 downregulated the expression levels of Nrf2 and its downstream target genes, such as NQO1, HO-1 and Gclc. In Hep3B cells treated with IQ-7 or IQ-12, the mitochondrial membrane potential decreased dramatically while the expression level of the pro-apoptotic protein VDAC1 and anti-apoptotic protein Bcl-2 significantly increased and decreased, respectively. In addition, IQ-7 (but not IQ-12) also induced the activity of Caspase-3. Interestingly, IQ-7 appeared to selectively inhibit Hep3B cells while having rare adverse effect on HL-7702 cells.
  
  
  
  The two compounds were shown to induce apoptosis and inhibit the Nrf2/ARE signaling pathway in Hep3B cells, and IQ-7 was suggested a degree of specificity against cancer cells. The design of these compounds may therefore represent a new strategy for designing quinazoline derivatives that could selectively target carcinoma cells.
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Qiao
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: He
authors.forename: Z
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Zhao
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Zou
authors.forename: X
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Wu
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.affiliation: College of Life and Environmental Science, Wenzhou University, Chashan Gaojiaoyuan District, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325035, China.
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Chen
mesh_terms: D000970:Antineoplastic Agents / Q000494:pharmacology; D061745:Antioxidant Response Elements / Q000187:drug effects*; D017209:Apoptosis / Q000187:drug effects*; D051017:Apoptosis Regulatory Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D006528:Carcinoma, Hepatocellular / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000378:metabolism; D053148:Caspase 3 / Q000378:metabolism; D002460:Cell Line; D045744:Cell Line, Tumor; D006801:Humans; D008113:Liver Neoplasms / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000378:metabolism; D053078:Membrane Potential, Mitochondrial / Q000187:drug effects; D008928:Mitochondria / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism; D051267:NF-E2-Related Factor 2 / Q000378:metabolism*; D019253:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-bcl-2 / Q000378:metabolism; D052999:Quinazolinones / Q000494:pharmacology*; D015398:Signal Transduction / Q000187:drug effects; D050995:Voltage-Dependent Anion Channel 1 / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D000970:Antineoplastic Agents; D051017:Apoptosis Regulatory Proteins; D051267:NF-E2-Related Factor 2; C495635:NFE2L2 protein, human; D019253:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-bcl-2; D052999:Quinazolinones; D050995:Voltage-Dependent Anion Channel 1; D053148:Caspase 3
keywords: Nrf2; Quinazoline; apoptosis; hepatocellular carcinoma; quinazolinone