title: Adiponectin receptor 1 and small ubiquitin-like modifier 4 polymorphisms are associated with risk of coronary artery disease without diabetes.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The genes encoding adiponectin receptor 1 (ADIPOR1) and small ubiquitin-like modifier 4 (SUMO4) have been linked to anti-atherogenic effects, but little is known about whether polymorphisms in the two genes, acting separately or interacting, affect risk of coronary artery disease (CAD) without diabetes.
  
  
  METHODS
  We genotyped 200 CAD patients without diabetes and 200 controls without CAD or diabetes at three single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) inADIPOR1and one SNP inSUMO4, which were chosen based on previous studies. Potential associations were also explored between these SNPs and clinical characteristics of CAD without diabetes.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Risk alleles at three SNPs inADIPOR1(rs7539542-G, rs7514221-C and rs3737884-G) and the G allele at SNP rs237025 inSUMO4significantly increased risk of CAD without diabetes, with ORs ranging from 1.79 to 4.44. Carriers of any of these four risk alleles showed similar adverse clinical characteristics. Compared with individuals with a CC or GC genotype, those with a GG genotype at rs3737884 were at significantly higher risk of CAD that affected the left anterior descending coronary artery (OR: 6.77,P= 0.009), the right coronary artery (OR: 4.81,P= 0.028) or a relatively large number of vessels (P= 0.04). Individuals carrying a risk allele at one or more of the three SNPs inADIPOR1as well as a risk allele at the SNP inSUMO4were at significantly higher risk of CAD without diabetes than individuals not carrying any risk alleles (OR: 5.82, 95% CI: 1.23-27.7,P= 0.013).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  SNPs inADIPOR1andSUMO4are associated with elevated risk of CAD without diabetes, and SNPs in the two genes may interact to jointly affect disease risk.
authors.affiliation: Department of Emergency Medicine, Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing Institute of Heart Lung and Blood Vessels, Beijing, China.
authors.forename: Hong
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of Geriatrics, Beijing Hospital & Beijing Institute of Geriatrics, Ministry of Health of China, Beijing, China.
authors.forename: Ze
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.affiliation: Department of Emergency Medicine, Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing Institute of Heart Lung and Blood Vessels, Beijing, China.
authors.forename: Lian-Mei
authors.initials: LM
authors.lastname: Pu
authors.affiliation: Department of Emergency Medicine, Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing Institute of Heart Lung and Blood Vessels, Beijing, China.
authors.forename: Xiang
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: Department of Emergency Medicine, Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing Institute of Heart Lung and Blood Vessels, Beijing, China.
authors.forename: Yang
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Ruan
authors.affiliation: Graduate School of Peking Union Medical College, the Key Laboratory of Geriatrics, Beijing Hospital & Beijing Institute of Geriatrics, Chinese Ministry of Health, Beijing, China.
authors.forename: Fan
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.affiliation: Department of Emergency Medicine, Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing Institute of Heart Lung and Blood Vessels, Beijing, China.
authors.forename: Shuai
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Meng
authors.affiliation: Department of Emergency Medicine, Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing Institute of Heart Lung and Blood Vessels, Beijing, China.
authors.forename: Duo
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.affiliation: Department of Emergency Medicine, Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing Institute of Heart Lung and Blood Vessels, Beijing, China.
authors.forename: Wei
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Yao
authors.affiliation: Department of Emergency Medicine, Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing Institute of Heart Lung and Blood Vessels, Beijing, China.
authors.forename: Hao
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Fu
authors.affiliation: Department of Emergency Medicine, Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing Institute of Heart Lung and Blood Vessels, Beijing, China.
authors.forename: Feng
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: Department of Emergency Medicine, Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing Institute of Heart Lung and Blood Vessels, Beijing, China.
authors.forename: Ze-Ning
authors.initials: ZN
authors.lastname: Jin
keywords: Adiponectin receptor 1; Coronary artery disease; Diabetes; Polymorphism; Small ubiquitin-like modifier 4