title: Dysbiosis by neutralizing commensal mediated inhibition of pathobionts.
abstract: Dysbiosis in the periodontal microbiota is associated with the development of periodontal diseases. Little is known about the initiation of dysbiosis. It was hypothesized that some commensal bacteria suppress the outgrowth of pathobionts by H2O2production. However, serum and blood components released due to inflammation can neutralize this suppressive effect, leading to the initiation of dysbiosis. Agar plate, dual-species and multi-species ecology experiments showed that H2O2production by commensal bacteria decreases pathobiont growth and colonization. Peroxidase and blood components neutralize this inhibitory effect primarily by an exogenous peroxidase activity without stimulating growth and biofilm formation of pathobionts directly. In multi-species environments, neutralization of H2O2resulted in 2 to 3 log increases in pathobionts, a hallmark for dysbiosis. Our data show that in oral biofilms, commensal species suppress the amounts of pathobionts by H2O2production. Inflammation can neutralize this effect and thereby initiates dysbiosis by allowing the outgrowth of pathobionts.
authors.affiliation: Department of Oral Health Sciences, KU Leuven, Kapucijnenvoer 33, 3000 Leuven, Belgium.
authors.forename: Esteban Rodriguez
authors.initials: ER
authors.lastname: Herrero
authors.affiliation: Department of Oral Health Sciences, KU Leuven, Kapucijnenvoer 33, 3000 Leuven, Belgium.
authors.forename: Vera
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Slomka
authors.affiliation: Center for Microbial Ecology and Technology (CMET), Ghent University, Coupure links 653, 9000 Gent, Belgium.
authors.forename: Nico
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Boon
authors.affiliation: Bio- and Chemical Systems Technology, Reactor Engineering and Safety, Department of Chemical Engineering, KU Leuven (University of Leuven), Leuven Chem&Tech, Celestijnenlaan 200F (bus 2424), 3001 Leuven, Belgium.
authors.forename: Kristel
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Bernaerts
authors.affiliation: Center for Microbial Ecology and Technology (CMET), Ghent University, Coupure links 653, 9000 Gent, Belgium.
authors.forename: Emma
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Hernandez-Sanabria
authors.affiliation: Department of Oral Health Sciences, KU Leuven, Kapucijnenvoer 33, 3000 Leuven, Belgium.|Dentistry, University Hospitals Leuven, Kapucijnenvoer 33, 3000 Leuven, Belgium.
authors.forename: Marc
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Quirynen
authors.affiliation: Department of Oral Health Sciences, KU Leuven, Kapucijnenvoer 33, 3000 Leuven, Belgium.|Dentistry, University Hospitals Leuven, Kapucijnenvoer 33, 3000 Leuven, Belgium.
authors.forename: Wim
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Teughels
mesh_terms: D018441:Biofilms / Q000254:growth & development*; D001798:Blood Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D064806:Dysbiosis / Q000378:metabolism / Q000382:microbiology*; D006094:Gram-Positive Bacteria / Q000502:physiology*; D006801:Humans; D006861:Hydrogen Peroxide / Q000378:metabolism; D064307:Microbiota / Q000502:physiology*; D010519:Periodontium / Q000378:metabolism*; D009195:Peroxidase / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D001798:Blood Proteins; D006861:Hydrogen Peroxide; D009195:Peroxidase