title: No Significant Association between Human Papillomavirus
  and Breast Cancer, Sanandaj, Iran
abstract: Background and Objective: Any role of human papillomavirus (HPV) in the development of breast cancer is
  conjectural. The aim of this study was to investigate possible links between HPV and breast cancer in women, Sanandaj,
  Iran. Methods: In this case-control study, 70 formalin fixed and paraffin embedded blocks of breast malignant tumors
  as a case group and 70 blocks of lesions without malignancy were selected as controls. Sections about 10 μm thick
  were prepared. After removing the paraffin, DNA was extracted. Samples were tested by PCR using general and highrisk
  specific HPV primers. Results: All 70 malignant breast tumors (cases) were invasive ductal carcinomas, and of
  the 70 controls, 17 (24.3%) were fibrocystic tumors and 53 (75.7%) fibroadenomas. The age range of women in the
  case group was 25-72 years old and in the control group It was13-66 years. Using HPV general primers two samples
  were positive in the case group, confirmed to be HPV-18 using high-risk specific primers. Conclusion: No statistically
  significant association was found between breast cancer and HPV. It is necessary to confirm this result by further
  investigations in other populations.
authors.affiliation: Student of Research Committee, Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences, Sanandaj, Iran. Email: mazaher-kh@muk.ac.ir
authors.forename: Maryam
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Karimi
authors.forename: Mazaher
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Khodabandehloo
authors.forename: Bahram
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Nikkhoo
authors.forename: Ebrahim
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Ghaderi
keywords: Human papillomavirus (HPV); breast cancer; women; benign and malignant tumors