title: Dental Trauma in a Pediatric Emergency Department Referral Center.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The purpose of this study was to describe dental and associated oral injuries in a pediatric population that presents to an emergency department.
  
  
  METHODS
  We performed a retrospective study and identified children from January 2007 to September 2011. Charts were reviewed for any subject, age from newborn to younger than 19 years, based on International Classification of Diseases, Ninth Revision codes for any dental or oral injury. Data abstraction included demographics, time of day of presentation, location and identification of tooth (s) injured, management, and disposition.
  
  
  RESULTS
  We identified 108 children with dental and if present, associated oral injuries. The median age was 12.3 years, the most common tooth injured were the primary (25.9%) or permanent (62%) upper central incisors, and the majority of subjects presented in the afternoon (mean time was 3:50 PM, SD ±24 minutes). A large proportion of dental injuries occurred in patients with permanent dentation (62%) and half of all children had more than 1 tooth injury. The majority of children (75%) were evaluated by either pediatric dental, oral surgery, or otolaryngology services, whereas 3.7% of the cases required multiple services. Twenty-five percent of children had an associated jaw fracture. Eighty-three percent of children were discharged home, of those, 49.1% were prescribed opioids, and 38.3% oral antibiotics.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Emergency departments are often relied upon to evaluate and treat simple and complex dental and oral injuries. The ability to use a multidisciplinary team to manage pediatric oral and dental trauma is essential for care.
authors.affiliation: From the *Department of Pediatrics, Masonic Children's Hospital, †School of Medicine, and ‡Division of Emergency Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Masonic Children's Hospital, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN.
authors.forename: Emily
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Hall
authors.forename: Patricia
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Hickey
authors.forename: Thuy
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Nguyen-Tran
authors.forename: Jeff
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Louie
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000701:Analgesics, Opioid / Q000627:therapeutic use; D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D004636:Emergency Service, Hospital / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D005260:Female; D006785:Hospitals, University / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D006801:Humans; D007180:Incisor / Q000293:injuries; D007223:Infant; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D007572:Jaw Fractures / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000453:epidemiology*; D008297:Male; D008910:Minnesota / Q000453:epidemiology; D009104:Multiple Trauma / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000453:epidemiology*; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D018677:Tooth Injuries / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000453:epidemiology*
chemical_list: D000701:Analgesics, Opioid; D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents