title: Increased carotid intima-media thickness in Brazilian adolescents with type 1 diabetes mellitus.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Increased carotid intima-media thickness (CIMT), a marker of subclinical atherosclerosis, is an independent predictor of future cardiovascular events, and has been reported in children with various chronic diseases, including type 1 diabetes mellitus (DM1).
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  Evaluate CIMT and its association with cardiovascular risk factors in Brazilian adolescents with DM1.
  
  
  METHODS
  Cross-sectional study of 118 adolescents, 57 with DM1 and no chronic complications related to the disease, and 61 healthy individuals. Clinical, biochemical, and high-resolution B-mode ultrasonographic evaluations according to the Consensus Statement of the American Society of Echocardiography CIMT Task Force were performed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Adolescents with diabetes (66.6% female) were 14.5 ± 2.9 years old and had 9.0 ± 4.0 years of disease duration. The healthy adolescents (62.3% female) were 14.3 ± 2.6 years old. All the adolescents had blood pressure within their reference ranges. In 66% of DM1 adolescents the systolic blood pressure was >50th percentile. Increased CIMT was observed in adolescents with diabetes compared with those in the control group: 0.53 vs 0.51 mm (p < 0.004) on the right side, and 0.55 vs 0.51 mm (p < 0.001) on the left side. CIMT presented independent and positive associations with diabetes duration, total cholesterol level, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol level, and systolic blood pressure percentile in DM1 adolescents.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Increased CIMT was observed in young Brazilian adolescents with DM1, and was associated with cardiovascular risk factors. CIMT assessment may be useful for the early identification and monitoring of cardiovascular risk in this age group.
authors.affiliation: Divisão de Endocrinologia Infantil e do Adolescente-Departamento de Pediatria, Faculdade de Medicina/Hospital das Clínicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Av Alfredo Balena 190, s/267, Belo Horizonte, MG 30130-100 Brazil.
authors.forename: Maria Fernanda Gontijo Sepulveda
authors.initials: MF
authors.lastname: Fusaro
authors.affiliation: Department of Anatomy and Image, Hospital das Clínicas, Medical School, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil.
authors.forename: Jovita Lane Soares Santos
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: Zanini
authors.affiliation: Divisão de Endocrinologia Infantil e do Adolescente-Departamento de Pediatria, Faculdade de Medicina/Hospital das Clínicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Av Alfredo Balena 190, s/267, Belo Horizonte, MG 30130-100 Brazil.
authors.forename: Ivani Novato
authors.initials: IN
authors.lastname: Silva
keywords: Atherosclerosis; Carotid intima-media thickness; Diabetes Mellitus; Risk Factors; Ultrasonography