title: Non-cardiogenic pulmonary edema, rhabdomyolysis and myocardial injury following heroin inhalation: a case report.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Heroin use by non-injecting routes of administration (snorting, swallowing, "chasing the dragon") is considered to be safer but is not risk-free for fatal overdose or serious side effects. We report the case of an adolescent who was transferred unconscious to the emergency department after heroin inhalation. Description of the case: A 17-year-old male was transferred to the emergency department unconscious (Glasgow coma scale: 6/15) after heroin inhalation. He was treated with non-rebreather mask and intravenous infusion of naloxone with gradual improvement of consciousness and arterial blood gasses. The chest computed tomography showed signs of acute respiratory distress syndrome. Laboratory exams on the second day of hospitalization showed elevated creatine kinase (CK) and troponin-I levels while his electrocardiography (ECG) showed J-point elevation in V1, V2, and V3 precordial leads. On the second day of hospitalization the pulmonary infiltrates were not present in his chest X-ray while on the eighth day, troponin-I and CK levels were normalized without dynamic ECG changes and the patient was discharged uneventfully.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Heroin inhalation may cause severe complications, such as non-cardiogenic pulmonary edema, rhabdomyolysis or myocardial injury. Hippokratia 2016, 20(1): 84-87.
authors.affiliation: Department of Internal Medicine, General Hospital of Athens «Elpis», Athens, Greece.
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Bazoukis
authors.affiliation: Department of Internal Medicine, General Hospital of Athens «Elpis», Athens, Greece.
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Spiliopoulou
authors.affiliation: Department of Internal Medicine, General Hospital of Athens «Elpis», Athens, Greece.
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Mourouzis
authors.affiliation: Department of Internal Medicine, General Hospital of Athens «Elpis», Athens, Greece.
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Grigoropoulou
authors.affiliation: Department of Internal Medicine, General Hospital of Athens «Elpis», Athens, Greece.
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Yalouris
keywords: Heroin inhalation; heroin; illegal drugs; non-cardiogenic pulmonary edema; rhabdomyolysis