title: Comparison of the Otto Bock solid ankle cushion heel foot with wooden keel to the low-cost CR-Equipements™solid ankle cushion heel foot with polypropylene keel: A randomized prospective double-blind crossover study assessing patient satisfaction and energy expenditure.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The International Committee of the Red Cross supports a worldwide program of prosthetic fitting and rehabilitation. In this context, a prosthetic foot was developed and widely distributed in least developed countries.
  
  
  METHODS
  Prospective, randomized, double-blind, controlled study.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To compare patient satisfaction and energy expenditure during ambulation between a low-cost prosthetic foot designed with a polypropylene keel (CR-Equipements™solid ankle cushion heel, International Committee of the Red Cross) to a well-recognized solid ankle cushion heel foot with a wooden keel (solid ankle cushion heel foot, Otto Bock).
  
  
  METHODS
  A total of 15 participants with unilateral transtibial amputation were evaluated using the two prosthetic feet in a randomized prospective double-blind crossover study. Main outcomes were patient satisfaction questionnaires (Satisfaction with Prosthesis Questionnaire and prosthetic foot satisfaction) and energy expenditure (oxygen consumption-mL/kg/min, oxygen cost-mL/kg/m, and heart rate-bpm).
  
  
  RESULTS
  There were no significant differences between the two prosthetic feet for satisfaction and energy expenditure.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The low-cost solid ankle cushion heel foot with polypropylene keel provides comparable satisfaction and similar energy expenditure as the solid ankle cushion heel foot with wooden keel. Clinical relevance The results of this study support the application and widespread use of the CR-Equipements™solid ankle cushion heel foot. From a cost-effectiveness standpoint, patients are well satisfied and exhibit similar outcomes at a substantially lower cost.
authors.affiliation: 1 University Hospitals of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland.
authors.forename: Alain
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Lacraz
authors.affiliation: 1 University Hospitals of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland.|3 University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland.
authors.forename: Stéphane
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Armand
authors.affiliation: 2 Faculty of Medicine, Laval University, Laval, QC, Canada.
authors.forename: Katia
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Turcot
authors.affiliation: 1 University Hospitals of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland.|3 University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland.
authors.forename: Gorki
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Carmona
authors.affiliation: 4 Clinique La Colline, Geneva, Switzerland.
authors.forename: Richard
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Stern
authors.affiliation: 5 Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois, Lausanne, Switzerland.
authors.forename: Olivier
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Borens
authors.affiliation: 4 Clinique La Colline, Geneva, Switzerland.
authors.forename: Mathieu
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Assal
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000671:Amputation, Surgical / Q000534:rehabilitation; D000842:Ankle / Q000503:physiopathology*; D001186:Artificial Limbs; D018592:Cross-Over Studies; D004311:Double-Blind Method; D004734:Energy Metabolism / Q000502:physiology*; D005260:Female; D005684:Gait / Q000502:physiology*; D006365:Heel / Q000503:physiopathology*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D017060:Patient Satisfaction; D011126:Polypropylenes; D011446:Prospective Studies; D011474:Prosthesis Design; D017755:Prosthesis Fitting; D016474:Weight-Bearing / Q000502:physiology*
chemical_list: D011126:Polypropylenes
keywords: CR-Equipements™ solid ankle cushion heel foot; Otto Bock solid ankle cushion heel foot; Transtibial amputation; energy expenditure; prosthesis satisfaction