title: Significant HLA class I type associations with aromatic antiepileptic drug (AED)-induced SJS/TEN are different from those found for the same AED-induced DRESS in the Spanish population.
abstract: Aromatic antiepileptic drugs (AEDs) are among the drugs most frequently involved in severe cutaneous adverse reactions (SCARs), such as Stevens-Johnson syndrome (SJS), toxic epidermal necrolysis (TEN), and drug reactions with eosinophilia and systemic symptoms (DRESS). This study investigated the associations between the genetic polymorphisms of HLA class-I and AED-induced SCARs in the Spanish population. HLA class-I genotypes were determined in AED (phenytoin[PHT],lamotrigine[LTG],carbamazepine[CBZ],phenobarbital[PB])-induced SJS/TEN (n=15) or DRESS (n=12) cases included in the Spanish SCAR registry, PIELenRed. There were 3 control groups: (A)tolerant to a single AED, (B)tolerant to any AED, and (C)Spanish population controls. For SJS/TEN, concomitant HLA-A*02:01/Cw15:02 alleles were significantly associated with PHT-cases compared to control groups B and C [(B)odds ratio(OR):14.75, p=0.009;(C)OR:27.50, p<0.001], and were close to significance with respect to control group A (p=0.060). The genotype frequency of the HLA-B*38:01 was significantly associated with PHT-LTG-cases compared with the 3 groups of controls [(A)OR:12.86, p=0.012;(B)OR:13.81; p=0.002;(C)OR:14.35, p<0.001], and with LTG-cases [(A)OR:147.00, p=0.001;(B)OR:115.00, p<0.001;(C)OR:124.70, p<0.001]. We found the HLA-B*15:02 allele in a Spanish Romani patient with a CBZ-case. The HLA-A*11:01 was significantly associated with CBZ-cases [(A)OR:63.89, p=0.002;(B)OR:36.33, p=0.005;(C)OR:28.29, p=0.007]. For DRESS, the HLA-A*24:02 genotype frequency was statistically significant in the PHT-LTG-cases [(A)OR:22.56, p=0.003;(B)OR:23.50. p=0.001; (C)OR:33.25, p<0.001], and in the LTG-cases [(A),OR:49.00, p=0.015;(B)OR:27.77, p=0.005; (C)OR:34.53, p=0.002]. HLA-A*31:01 was significantly associated with the CBZ-cases [(A)OR:22.00, p=0.047;(B)OR:29.50, p=0.033;(C)OR:35.14, p=0.006]. In conclusion, we identified several significant genetic risk factors for the first time in the Spanish Caucasian population: HLA-A*02:01/Cw*15:02 combination as a risk factor for PHT-induced SJS/TEN, HLA-B*38:01 for LTG- and PHT- induced SJS/TEN, HLA-A*11:01 for CBZ-induced SJS/TEN, and HLA-A*24:02 for LTG- and PHT- induced DRESS. The strong association between HLA*31:01 and CBZ-DRESS in Europeans was confirmed in this study.
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical Pharmacology, La Paz University Hospital-Carlos III, IdiPAZ, School of Medicine, Autonomous University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain. Electronic address: elena.ramirez@inv.uam.es.
authors.forename: Elena
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Ramírez
authors.affiliation: Institute for Health Research, La Paz University Hospital, IdiPAZ, Madrid, Spain.
authors.forename: Teresa
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Bellón
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical Pharmacology, La Paz University Hospital-Carlos III, IdiPAZ, School of Medicine, Autonomous University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain.
authors.forename: Hoi Y
authors.initials: HY
authors.lastname: Tong
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical Pharmacology, La Paz University Hospital-Carlos III, IdiPAZ, School of Medicine, Autonomous University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain.
authors.forename: Alberto M
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Borobia
authors.affiliation: Clinical Pharmacology Unit, Príncipe de Asturias University Hospital, Department of Biomedical Sciences (Pharmacology), University of Alcalá, Madrid, Spain.
authors.forename: Francisco J
authors.initials: FJ
authors.lastname: de Abajo
authors.affiliation: Clinical Pharmacology Unit, Príncipe de Asturias University Hospital, Department of Biomedical Sciences (Pharmacology), University of Alcalá, Madrid, Spain.
authors.forename: Victoria
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Lerma
authors.affiliation: Immunology Department, Ramón y Cajal University Hospital, Madrid, Spain.
authors.forename: Miguel A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Moreno Hidalgo
authors.affiliation: Immunology Department, Ramón y Cajal University Hospital, Madrid, Spain.
authors.forename: José L
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: Castañer
authors.affiliation: Allergy Department, La Paz University Hospital-Carlos III, IdiPAZ, Madrid, Spain.
authors.forename: Rosario
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Cabañas
authors.affiliation: Allergy Department, La Paz University Hospital-Carlos III, IdiPAZ, Madrid, Spain.
authors.forename: Ana
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Fiandor
authors.affiliation: Dermatology Department, La Paz University Hospital-Carlos III, IdiPAZ, Madrid, Spain.
authors.forename: Jessica
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: González-Ramos
authors.affiliation: Dermatology Department, La Paz University Hospital-Carlos III, IdiPAZ, Madrid, Spain.
authors.forename: Pedro
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Herranz
authors.affiliation: Intensive Care Department, La Paz University Hospital-Carlos III, IdiPAZ, Madrid, Spain.
authors.forename: Lucía
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Cachafeiro
authors.affiliation: Dermatology Department, Getafe University Hospital, Madrid, Spain.
authors.forename: Carlos
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: González-Herrada
authors.affiliation: Dermatology Department, Getafe University Hospital, Madrid, Spain.
authors.forename: Olga
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: González
authors.affiliation: Pathological Anatomy Department, Getafe University Hospital, Madrid, Spain.
authors.forename: José A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Aramburu
authors.affiliation: Clinical Pharmacology Unit, Geriatric Department, Getafe University Hospital, Madrid, Spain.
authors.forename: Olga
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Laosa
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical Pharmacology, La Paz University Hospital-Carlos III, IdiPAZ, School of Medicine, Autonomous University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain.
authors.forename: Rafael
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Hernández
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical Pharmacology, La Paz University Hospital-Carlos III, IdiPAZ, School of Medicine, Autonomous University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain.
authors.forename: Antonio J
authors.initials: AJ
authors.lastname: Carcas
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical Pharmacology, La Paz University Hospital-Carlos III, IdiPAZ, School of Medicine, Autonomous University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain. Electronic address: jesus.frias@uam.es.
authors.forename: Jesús
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Frías
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000927:Anticonvulsants / Q000009:adverse effects*; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D063926:Drug Hypersensitivity Syndrome / Q000209:etiology / Q000235:genetics*; D005260:Female; D005805:Genes, MHC Class I / Q000235:genetics*; D020022:Genetic Predisposition to Disease / Q000235:genetics*; D005838:Genotype; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011110:Polymorphism, Genetic; D012307:Risk Factors; D013030:Spain; D013262:Stevens-Johnson Syndrome / Q000209:etiology / Q000235:genetics*; D044465:White People / Q000235:genetics; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D000927:Anticonvulsants
keywords: Aromatic antiepileptic drugs; Carbamazepine (PubChem CID: 2554); Drug reaction with eosinophilia and systemic symptoms; Human leukocyte antigen; Lamotrigine (PubChem CID: 3878); Phenobarbital (PubChem CID: 4763); Phenytoin (PubChem CID: 1775); Severe cutaneous adverse drug reactions; Stevens-Johnson syndrome; Toxic epidermal necrolysis