title: Source apportionment of size-fractionated particles during the 2013 Asian Youth Games and the 2014 Youth Olympic Games in Nanjing, China.
abstract: In this study, samples of size-fractionated particulate matter were collected continuously using a 9-size interval cascade impactor at an urban site in Nanjing, before, during and after the Asian Youth Games (AYG), from July to September of 2013, and the Youth Olympic Games (YOG), from July to September of 2014. First, elemental concentrations, water-soluble ions including Cl-, NO3-, SO42-, NH4+, K+, Na+and Ca2+, organic carbon (OC) and elemental carbon (EC) were analysed. Then, the source apportionment of the fine and coarse particulate matter was carried out using the chemical mass balance (CMB) model. The average PM10concentrations were 90.4±20.0μg/m3during the 2013 AYG and 70.6±25.3μg/m3during the 2014 YOG. For PM2.1,the average concentrations were 50.0±12.8μg/m3in 2013 and 34.6±17.0μg/m3in 2014. Investigations showed that the average concentrations of particles declined significantly from 2013 to 2014, and concentrations were at the lowest levels during the events. Results indicated that OC, EC, sulfate and crustal elements have significant monthly and size-based variations. The major components, including crustal elements, water-soluble ions and carbonaceous aerosol accounted for 75.3-91.9% of the total particulate mass concentrations during the sampling periods. Fugitive dust, coal combustion dust, iron dust, construction dust, soil dust, vehicle exhaust, secondary aerosols and sea salt have been classified as the main emissions in Nanjing. The source apportionment results indicate that the emissions from fugitive dust, which was the most abundance emission source during the 2013 AYG, contributed to 23.0% of the total particle mass. However, fugitive dust decreased to 6.2% of the total particle mass during the 2014 YOG. Construction dust (14.7% versus 7.8% for the AYG and the YOG, respectively) and secondary sulfate aerosol (9.3% versus 8.0% for the AYG and the YOG, respectively) showed the same trend as fugitive dust, suggesting that the mitigation measures of controlling particles from the paved roads, construction and industry worked more efficiently during the YOG.
authors.affiliation: School of Atmospheric Sciences, CMA-NJU Joint Laboratory for Climate Prediction Studies, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Climate Change, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China.
authors.forename: Pulong
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.affiliation: School of Atmospheric Sciences, CMA-NJU Joint Laboratory for Climate Prediction Studies, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Climate Change, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China. Electronic address: tjwang@nju.edu.cn.
authors.forename: Tijian
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: Nanjing Environmental Monitoring Center, Nanjing 210008, China.
authors.forename: Xiaobo
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Lu
authors.affiliation: Nanjing Environmental Monitoring Center, Nanjing 210008, China.
authors.forename: Yiyong
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Yu
authors.affiliation: Department of Physics, Imperial College London, London, SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom.
authors.forename: Matthew
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kasoar
authors.affiliation: School of Atmospheric Sciences, CMA-NJU Joint Laboratory for Climate Prediction Studies, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Climate Change, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China.
authors.forename: Min
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Xie
authors.affiliation: School of Atmospheric Sciences, CMA-NJU Joint Laboratory for Climate Prediction Studies, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Climate Change, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China.
authors.forename: Bingliang
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Zhuang
mesh_terms: D000336:Aerosols / Q000032:analysis; D000393:Air Pollutants / Q000032:analysis*; D000397:Air Pollution / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D002681:China; D004391:Dust / Q000032:analysis; D004784:Environmental Monitoring; D000068957:Games, Recreational; D010316:Particle Size; D052638:Particulate Matter / Q000032:analysis*; D001335:Vehicle Emissions / Q000032:analysis
chemical_list: D000336:Aerosols; D000393:Air Pollutants; D004391:Dust; D052638:Particulate Matter; D001335:Vehicle Emissions
keywords: Asian Youth Games; CMB model; Size-fractionated particulate matter; Source apportionment; Youth Olympic Games