title: TheIn VitroAntimicrobial Effects ofLavandula angustifoliaEssential Oil in Combination with Conventional Antimicrobial Agents.
abstract: The paper focuses on thein vitroantimicrobial activity ofLavandula angustifoliaMill. (lavender) essential oil in combination with four commercial antimicrobial agents. Stock solutions of chloramphenicol, ciprofloxacin, nystatin, and fusidic acid were tested in combination withL. angustifoliaessential oil. The antimicrobial activities of the combinations were investigated against the Gram-positive bacterial strainStaphylococcus aureus(ATCC 6538) and Gram-negativePseudomonas aeruginosa(ATCC 27858) andCandida albicans(ATCC 10231) was selected to represent the yeasts. The antimicrobial effect was performed using the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) microdilution assay. Isobolograms were constructed for varying ratios. The most prominent interaction was noted whenL. angustifoliaessential oil was combined with chloramphenicol and tested against the pathogenP. aeruginosa(ΣFIC of 0.29).Lavendula angustifoliaessential oil was shown in most cases to interact synergistically with conventional antimicrobials when combined in ratios where higher volumes ofL. angustifoliaessential oil were incorporated into the combination.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, 7 York Road, Parktown 2193, South Africa.
authors.forename: Stephanie
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: de Rapper
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Science, Tshwane University of Technology, Pretoria, South Africa; SAMRC Herbal Drugs Research Unit, Faculty of Science, Tshwane University of Technology, Pretoria, South Africa.
authors.forename: Alvaro
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Viljoen
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, 7 York Road, Parktown 2193, South Africa.
authors.forename: Sandy
authors.identifier: 0000-0002-4859-1845
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: van Vuuren