title: Neonatal diffusion tensor brain imaging predicts later motor outcome in preterm neonates with white matter abnormalities.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  White matter (WM) abnormalities associated with prematurity are one of the most important causes of neurological disability that involves spastic motor deficits in preterm newborns. This study aimed to evaluate regional microstructural changes in diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) associated with WM abnormalities.
  
  
  METHODS
  We prospectively studied extremely low birth weight (ELBW; <1000 g) preterm infants who were admitted to the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit of Hanyang University Hospital between February 2011 and February 2014. WM abnormalities were assessed with conventional magnetic resonance (MR) imaging and DTI near term-equivalent age before discharge. Region-of-interests (ROIs) measurements were performed to examine the regional distribution of fractional anisotropy (FA) values.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Thirty-two out of 72 ELBW infants underwent conventional MR imaging and DTI at term-equivalent age. Ten of these infants developed WM abnormalities associated with prematurity. Five of ten of those with WM abnormalities developed cerebral palsy (CP). DTI in the WM abnormalities with CP showed a significant reduction of mean FA in the genu of the corpus callosum (p = 0.022), the ipsilateral posterior limb of the internal capsule (p = 0.019), and the ipsilateral centrum semiovale (p = 0.012) compared to normal WM and WM abnormalities without CP. In infants having WM abnormalities with CP, early FA values in neonatal DTI revealed abnormalities of the WM regions prior to the manifestation of hemiparesis.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  DTI performed at term equivalent age shows different FA values in WM regions among infants with or without WM abnormalities associated with prematurity and/or CP. Low FA values of ROIs in DTI are related with later development of spastic CP in preterm infants with WM abnormalities.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatrics, Hanyang University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea.
authors.forename: Do-Yeon
authors.initials: DY
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatrics, Hanyang University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea.
authors.forename: Hyun-Kyung
authors.initials: HK
authors.lastname: Park
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatrics, Hanyang University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea.
authors.forename: Nam-Su
authors.initials: NS
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.affiliation: Division of Neuroanatomy, Department of Anatomy and Histology, Hanyang University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea.
authors.forename: Se-Jin
authors.initials: SJ
authors.lastname: Hwang
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatrics, Hanyang University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea. blesslee77@hanyang.ac.kr.
authors.forename: Hyun Ju
authors.initials: HJ
authors.lastname: Lee
mesh_terms: D016880:Anisotropy; D001921:Brain / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000254:growth & development*; D056324:Diffusion Tensor Imaging; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007090:Image Interpretation, Computer-Assisted; D052577:Infant, Extremely Low Birth Weight; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D007234:Infant, Premature; D008297:Male; D011446:Prospective Studies; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D066127:White Matter / Q000002:abnormalities*
keywords: Diffusion tensor imaging; Magnetic resonance imaging; Neonates; Periventricular leukomalacia