title: Prevalence of depression and anxiety in patients with chronic digestive system diseases: A multicenter epidemiological study.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To investigate the prevalence of depression and anxiety in patients with chronic digestive system diseases.
  
  
  METHODS
  A total of 1736 patients with chronic digestive system diseases were included in this cross-sectional study, including 871 outpatients and 865 in-patients. A self-designed General Information for Patients of the Department of Gastroenterology of General Hospitals questionnaire was used to collect each patient's general information, which included demographic data (including age, sex, marital status, and education) and disease characteristics (including major diseases, disease duration, principal symptoms, chronic pain, sleep disorder, and limited daily activities).
  
  
  RESULTS
  The overall detection rate was 31.11% (540/1736) for depression symptoms alone, 27.02% (469/1736) for anxiety symptoms alone, 20.68% (359/1736) for both depression and anxiety symptoms, and 37.44% (650/1736) for either depression or anxiety symptoms. Subjects aged 70 years or above had the highest detection rate of depression (44.06%) and anxiety symptoms (33.33%).χ2trend test showed: the higher the body mass index (BMI), the lower the detection rate of depression and anxiety symptoms (χ2trend= 13.697,P< 0.001;χ2trend= 9.082,P= 0.003); the more severe the limited daily activities, the higher the detection rate of depression and anxiety symptoms (χ2trend= 130.455,P< 0.001,χ2trend= 108.528,P< 0.001); and the poorer the sleep quality, the higher the detection rate of depression and anxiety symptoms (χ2trend= 85.759,P< 0.001;χ2trend= 51.969,P< 0.001). Patients with digestive system tumors had the highest detection rate of depression (57.55%) and anxiety (55.19%), followed by patients with liver cirrhosis (41.35% and 48.08%). Depression and anxiety symptoms were also high in subjects with comorbid hypertension and coronary heart disease.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Depression and anxiety occur in patients with tumors, liver cirrhosis, functional dyspepsia, and chronic viral hepatitis. Elderly, divorced/widowed, poor sleep quality, and lower BMI are associated with higher risk of depression and anxiety.
authors.affiliation: An-Zhong Zhang, Department of Gastroenterology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliate to Shandong University, Jinan 250021, Shandong Province, China.
authors.forename: An-Zhong
authors.initials: AZ
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: An-Zhong Zhang, Department of Gastroenterology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliate to Shandong University, Jinan 250021, Shandong Province, China.
authors.forename: Qing-Cai
authors.initials: QC
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: An-Zhong Zhang, Department of Gastroenterology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliate to Shandong University, Jinan 250021, Shandong Province, China.
authors.forename: Kun-Ming
authors.initials: KM
authors.lastname: Huang
authors.affiliation: An-Zhong Zhang, Department of Gastroenterology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliate to Shandong University, Jinan 250021, Shandong Province, China.
authors.forename: Jia-Guo
authors.initials: JG
authors.lastname: Huang
authors.affiliation: An-Zhong Zhang, Department of Gastroenterology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliate to Shandong University, Jinan 250021, Shandong Province, China.
authors.forename: Chang-Hong
authors.initials: CH
authors.lastname: Zhou
authors.affiliation: An-Zhong Zhang, Department of Gastroenterology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliate to Shandong University, Jinan 250021, Shandong Province, China.
authors.forename: Fu-Qiang
authors.initials: FQ
authors.lastname: Sun
authors.affiliation: An-Zhong Zhang, Department of Gastroenterology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliate to Shandong University, Jinan 250021, Shandong Province, China.
authors.forename: Su-Wen
authors.initials: SW
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: An-Zhong Zhang, Department of Gastroenterology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliate to Shandong University, Jinan 250021, Shandong Province, China.
authors.forename: Feng-Ting
authors.initials: FT
authors.lastname: Wu
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000367:Age Factors; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D001007:Anxiety / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000523:psychology; D015992:Body Mass Index; D016009:Chi-Square Distribution; D002681:China / Q000453:epidemiology; D002908:Chronic Disease; D015897:Comorbidity; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D003863:Depression / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000523:psychology; D004066:Digestive System Diseases / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000523:psychology; D005260:Female; D006304:Health Status; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D017533:Marital Status; D008875:Middle Aged; D015995:Prevalence; D012307:Risk Factors; D012890:Sleep; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D055815:Young Adult
keywords: Anxiety; Chronic digestive system diseases; Depression; Psychiatric illnesses