title: Chirped pulse amplification in an extreme-ultraviolet free-electron laser.
abstract: Chirped pulse amplification in optical lasers is a revolutionary technique, which allows the generation of extremely powerful femtosecond pulses in the infrared and visible spectral ranges. Such pulses are nowadays an indispensable tool for a myriad of applications, both in fundamental and applied research. In recent years, a strong need emerged for light sources producing ultra-short and intense laser-like X-ray pulses, to be used for experiments in a variety of disciplines, ranging from physics and chemistry to biology and material sciences. This demand was satisfied by the advent of short-wavelength free-electron lasers. However, for any given free-electron laser setup, a limit presently exists in the generation of ultra-short pulses carrying substantial energy. Here we present the experimental implementation of chirped pulse amplification on a seeded free-electron laser in the extreme-ultraviolet, paving the way to the generation of fully coherent sub-femtosecond gigawatt pulses in the water window (2.3-4.4 nm).
authors.affiliation: Elettra-Sincrotrone Trieste, Strada Statale 14-km 163,5, 34149 Trieste, Italy.
authors.forename: David
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Gauthier
authors.affiliation: Elettra-Sincrotrone Trieste, Strada Statale 14-km 163,5, 34149 Trieste, Italy.
authors.forename: Enrico
authors.identifier: 0000-0001-9570-6361
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Allaria
authors.affiliation: Elettra-Sincrotrone Trieste, Strada Statale 14-km 163,5, 34149 Trieste, Italy.|CNR-ISM, Trieste, Basovizza Area Science Park, 34149 Trieste, Italy.
authors.forename: Marcello
authors.identifier: 0000-0003-4376-808X
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Coreno
authors.affiliation: Elettra-Sincrotrone Trieste, Strada Statale 14-km 163,5, 34149 Trieste, Italy.
authors.forename: Ivan
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Cudin
authors.affiliation: Laboratoire d'Optique Appliquée, ENSTA ParisTech - CNRS UMR, 7639 Palaiseau, France.
authors.forename: Hugo
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Dacasa
authors.affiliation: Elettra-Sincrotrone Trieste, Strada Statale 14-km 163,5, 34149 Trieste, Italy.
authors.forename: Miltcho Boyanov
authors.initials: MB
authors.lastname: Danailov
authors.affiliation: Elettra-Sincrotrone Trieste, Strada Statale 14-km 163,5, 34149 Trieste, Italy.
authors.forename: Alexander
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Demidovich
authors.affiliation: Elettra-Sincrotrone Trieste, Strada Statale 14-km 163,5, 34149 Trieste, Italy.
authors.forename: Simone
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Di Mitri
authors.affiliation: Elettra-Sincrotrone Trieste, Strada Statale 14-km 163,5, 34149 Trieste, Italy.
authors.forename: Bruno
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Diviacco
authors.affiliation: Elettra-Sincrotrone Trieste, Strada Statale 14-km 163,5, 34149 Trieste, Italy.
authors.forename: Eugenio
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Ferrari
authors.affiliation: Elettra-Sincrotrone Trieste, Strada Statale 14-km 163,5, 34149 Trieste, Italy.
authors.forename: Paola
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Finetti
authors.affiliation: CNR - Institute of Photonics and Nanotechnologies, via Trasea 7, 35131 Padova, Italy.
authors.forename: Fabio
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Frassetto
authors.affiliation: Commissariat l'Energie Atomique et aux Energies Alternatives - DRF/IRAMIS/LIDYL, Centre d'Etudes de Saclay, 91191 Gif sur Yvette, France.
authors.forename: David
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Garzella
authors.affiliation: Instituto de Plasmas e Fusão Nuclear, Instituto Superior Técnico, 1049-001 Lisboa, Portugal.
authors.forename: Swen
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Künzel
authors.affiliation: Center for Free-Electron Laser Science and Department of Physics, University of Hamburg, Luruper Chaussee 149, 22761 Hamburg, Germany.|ELI-Beamlines, 252 41 Dolní Břežany, Czech Republic.
authors.forename: Vincent
authors.identifier: 0000-0001-7253-5010
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Leroux
authors.affiliation: Laboratoire d'Optique Appliquée, ENSTA ParisTech - CNRS UMR, 7639 Palaiseau, France.
authors.forename: Benoît
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Mahieu
authors.affiliation: Elettra-Sincrotrone Trieste, Strada Statale 14-km 163,5, 34149 Trieste, Italy.
authors.forename: Nicola
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Mahne
authors.affiliation: European XFEL GmbH, Albert-Einstein-Ring 19, 22761 Hamburg, Germany.
authors.forename: Michael
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Meyer
authors.affiliation: European XFEL GmbH, Albert-Einstein-Ring 19, 22761 Hamburg, Germany.
authors.forename: Tommaso
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Mazza
authors.affiliation: CNR - Institute of Photonics and Nanotechnologies, via Trasea 7, 35131 Padova, Italy.
authors.forename: Paolo
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Miotti
authors.affiliation: Elettra-Sincrotrone Trieste, Strada Statale 14-km 163,5, 34149 Trieste, Italy.
authors.forename: Giuseppe
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Penco
authors.affiliation: Elettra-Sincrotrone Trieste, Strada Statale 14-km 163,5, 34149 Trieste, Italy.
authors.forename: Lorenzo
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Raimondi
authors.affiliation: Elettra-Sincrotrone Trieste, Strada Statale 14-km 163,5, 34149 Trieste, Italy.
authors.forename: Primož Rebernik
authors.initials: PR
authors.lastname: Ribič
authors.affiliation: Elettra-Sincrotrone Trieste, Strada Statale 14-km 163,5, 34149 Trieste, Italy.
authors.forename: Robert
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Richter
authors.affiliation: Elettra-Sincrotrone Trieste, Strada Statale 14-km 163,5, 34149 Trieste, Italy.
authors.forename: Eléonore
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Roussel
authors.affiliation: Max Planck Institute for the Structure and Dynamics of Matter, Luruper Chaussee 149, 22761 Hamburg, Germany.
authors.forename: Sebastian
authors.identifier: 0000-0002-6306-703X
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Schulz
authors.affiliation: Elettra-Sincrotrone Trieste, Strada Statale 14-km 163,5, 34149 Trieste, Italy.
authors.forename: Luca
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Sturari
authors.affiliation: Elettra-Sincrotrone Trieste, Strada Statale 14-km 163,5, 34149 Trieste, Italy.
authors.forename: Cristian
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Svetina
authors.affiliation: Elettra-Sincrotrone Trieste, Strada Statale 14-km 163,5, 34149 Trieste, Italy.
authors.forename: Mauro
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Trovò
authors.affiliation: Center for Free-Electron Laser Science and Department of Physics, University of Hamburg, Luruper Chaussee 149, 22761 Hamburg, Germany.
authors.forename: Paul Andreas
authors.initials: PA
authors.lastname: Walker
authors.affiliation: Elettra-Sincrotrone Trieste, Strada Statale 14-km 163,5, 34149 Trieste, Italy.|IOM-CNR, 34149 Trieste, Italy.
authors.forename: Marco
authors.identifier: 0000-0001-8860-3962
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Zangrando
authors.affiliation: Elettra-Sincrotrone Trieste, Strada Statale 14-km 163,5, 34149 Trieste, Italy.
authors.forename: Carlo
authors.identifier: 0000-0001-5491-7752
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Callegari
authors.affiliation: Instituto de Plasmas e Fusão Nuclear, Instituto Superior Técnico, 1049-001 Lisboa, Portugal.
authors.forename: Marta
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Fajardo
authors.affiliation: CNR - Institute of Photonics and Nanotechnologies, via Trasea 7, 35131 Padova, Italy.
authors.forename: Luca
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Poletto
authors.affiliation: Laboratoire d'Optique Appliquée, ENSTA ParisTech - CNRS UMR, 7639 Palaiseau, France.
authors.forename: Philippe
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Zeitoun
authors.affiliation: Elettra-Sincrotrone Trieste, Strada Statale 14-km 163,5, 34149 Trieste, Italy.|Enea, via Enrico Fermi 45, 00044 Frascati, Roma, Italy.
authors.forename: Luca
authors.identifier: 0000-0002-7643-9840
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Giannessi
authors.affiliation: Elettra-Sincrotrone Trieste, Strada Statale 14-km 163,5, 34149 Trieste, Italy.|Laboratory of Quantum Optics, University of Nova Gorica, 5001 Nova Gorica, Slovenia.
authors.forename: Giovanni
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: De Ninno