title: Clinical and epidemiological analysis in 149 cases of rhododendrol-induced leukoderma.
abstract: Rhododendrol-induced leukoderma is an acquired depigmentation that develops mainly at the contact site after repeated use of skin-whitening cosmetics containing rhododendrol. In most cases, cessation of further depigmentation or occurrence of repigmentation is observed after discontinuing the use of cosmetics. However, some patients develop vitiligo vulgaris through the spread of depigmentation into the non-exposed areas. Our study aims to investigate the patient-specific factors that may affect the extent of depigmentation or repigmentation, as well as development of vitiligo vulgaris. The degree of depigmentation of the face, neck and hands where exposed to rhododendrol was scored using photographs over time. The relationships between depigmentation score at first visit/improvement rate of depigmentation score and patient demographics were evaluated and three important clinical observations were made. First, repigmentation of the face was superior compared with that of the hands and neck, suggesting a possible role for the migration and differentiation of melanocyte stem cells from hair follicles, as a mechanism of repigmentation. Second, the intensity of rhododendrol exposure did not contribute to differences in the severity of depigmentation. This suggested a possibility of underlying genetic susceptibility to melanocyte cytotoxicity or immune reaction. Third, depigmentation score at first visit and past history of atopic dermatitis were significantly high in patients who developed vitiligo vulgaris. This suggested that severe chemical damage of melanocytes by rhododendrol leads to a higher risk of developing vitiligo vulgaris through the possible involvement of an immune reaction. These clinical observations may help to further understand the pathogenesis of rhododendrol-induced leukoderma.
authors.affiliation: Department of Dermatology, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan.
authors.forename: Momoko
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Yoshikawa
authors.affiliation: Department of Dermatology, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan.
authors.forename: Yasuyuki
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Sumikawa
authors.affiliation: Department of Dermatology, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan.
authors.forename: Tokimasa
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Hida
authors.affiliation: Department of Dermatology, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan.
authors.forename: Takafumi
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Kamiya
authors.affiliation: Department of Dermatology, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan.
authors.forename: Kimi
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Kase
authors.affiliation: Department of Dermatology, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan.
authors.forename: Yasue
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Ishii-Osai
authors.affiliation: Department of Dermatology, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan.
authors.forename: Junji
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Kato
authors.affiliation: Department of Dermatology, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan.
authors.forename: Yuji
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Kan
authors.affiliation: Department of Dermatology, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan.
authors.forename: Shiori
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Kamiya
authors.affiliation: Department of Dermatology, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan.
authors.forename: Yuki
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Sato
authors.affiliation: Department of Dermatology, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan.
authors.forename: Toshiharu
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Yamashita
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000440:Butanols / Q000009:adverse effects*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007564:Japan / Q000453:epidemiology; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012871:Skin Diseases / Q000139:chemically induced* / Q000453:epidemiology; D012880:Skin Pigmentation / Q000187:drug effects*; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D000440:Butanols; C115945:rhododendrol
keywords: chemical leukoderma; cosmetics; melanocyte toxicity; rhododendrol; vitiligo vulgaris