title: Optimal control and cost effectiveness analysis for Newcastle disease eco-epidemiological model in Tanzania.
abstract: In this paper, a deterministic compartmental eco- epidemiological model with optimal control of Newcastle disease (ND) in Tanzania is proposed and analysed. Necessary conditions of optimal control problem were rigorously analysed using Pontryagin's maximum principle and the numerical values of model parameters were estimated using maximum likelihood estimator. Three control strategies were incorporated such as chicken vaccination (preventive), human education campaign and treatment of infected human (curative) and its' impact were graphically observed. The incremental cost effectiveness analysis technique used to determine the most cost effectiveness strategy and we observe that combination of chicken vaccination and human education campaign strategy is the best strategy to implement in limited resources. Therefore, ND can be controlled if the farmers will apply chicken vaccination properly and well in time.
authors.affiliation: a Department of Mathematics , University of Dar es Salaam , Dar es Salaam , Tanzania.
authors.forename: Alfred
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Hugo
authors.affiliation: b Faculty of Military Science , Stellenbosch University , Cape Town , South Africa.
authors.forename: Oluwole Daniel
authors.initials: OD
authors.lastname: Makinde
authors.affiliation: a Department of Mathematics , University of Dar es Salaam , Dar es Salaam , Tanzania.
authors.forename: Santosh
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Kumar
authors.affiliation: c Department of Zoology and Wildlife Conservation , University of Dar es Salaam , Dar es Salaam , Tanzania.
authors.forename: Fred F
authors.initials: FF
authors.lastname: Chibwana
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002645:Chickens / Q000821:virology; D003362:Cost-Benefit Analysis; D008954:Models, Biological; D009521:Newcastle Disease / Q000191:economics / Q000517:prevention & control*; D013636:Tanzania; D014611:Vaccination
keywords: 92C60; 92D30; Newcastle disease; cost effectiveness; optimal control