title: Relationship between surgeon volume and outcomes: a systematic review of systematic reviews.
abstract: The surgeon volume-outcome relationship has been discussed for many years and its existence or nonexistence is of importance for various reasons. A lot of empirical work has been published on it. We aimed to summarize systematic reviews in order to present current evidence.
  
  
  
  Medline, Embase, Cochrane database of systematic reviews (CDSR), and health technology assessment websites were searched up to October 2015 for systematic reviews on the surgeon volume-outcome relationship. Reviews were critically appraised, and results were extracted and synthesized by type of surgical procedure/condition.
  
  
  
  Thirty-two reviews reporting on 15 surgical procedures/conditions were included. Methodological quality of included systematic reviews assessed with the assessment of multiple systematic reviews (AMSTAR) was generally moderate to high albeit included literature partly neglected considering methodological issues specific to volume-outcome relationship. Most reviews tend to support the presence of a surgeon volume-outcome relationship. This is most clear-cut in colorectal cancer, bariatric surgery, and breast cancer where reviews of high quality show large effects.
  
  
  
  When taking into account its limitations, this overview can serve as an informational basis for decision makers. Our results seem to support a positive volume-outcome relationship for most procedures/conditions. However, forthcoming reviews should pay more attention to methodology specific to volume-outcome relationship. Due to the lack of information, any numerical recommendations for minimum volume thresholds are not possible. Further research is needed for this issue.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Health Economics and Clinical Epidemiology, The University Hospital of Cologne (AöR), Gleueler Str. 176-178, 50935, Cologne, Germany.
authors.forename: Johannes
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Morche
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Health, School of Medicine, Institute for Research in Operative Medicine, Witten/Herdecke University, Ostmerheimer Str. 200, Building 38, 51109, Cologne, Germany. tim.mathes@uni-wh.de.
authors.forename: Tim
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Mathes
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Health, School of Medicine, Institute for Research in Operative Medicine, Witten/Herdecke University, Ostmerheimer Str. 200, Building 38, 51109, Cologne, Germany.
authors.forename: Dawid
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Pieper
mesh_terms: D006801:Humans; D017063:Outcome Assessment, Health Care; D061214:Patient Safety; D011787:Quality of Health Care; D066231:Surgeons; D013514:Surgical Procedures, Operative / Q000401:mortality / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*
keywords: Clinical outcome; Patient safety; Quality assurance; Surgeon volume; Systematic review of systematic reviews; Volume-outcome