title: Norovirus Regulation by Host and Microbe.
abstract: Norovirus (NoV) infection is the leading cause of epidemic gastroenteritis globally, and can lead to detrimental chronic infection in immunocompromised hosts. Despite its prevalence as a cause of diarrheal illness, the study of human NoVs (HNoVs) has historically been limited by a paucity of models. The use of murine NoV (MNoV) to interrogate mechanisms of host control of viral infection has facilitated the exploration of different genetic mouse models, revealing roles for both innate and adaptive immunity in viral regulation. MNoV studies have also recently identified important interactions between the commensal microbiota and NoV with clear extensions to HNoVs. In this review, we discuss the most current understanding of how the host, the microbiome, and their interactions regulate NoV infections.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA. Electronic address: mbaldridge@wustl.edu.
authors.forename: Megan T
authors.initials: MT
authors.lastname: Baldridge
authors.affiliation: Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.
authors.forename: Holly
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Turula
authors.affiliation: Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.
authors.forename: Christiane E
authors.initials: CE
authors.lastname: Wobus
mesh_terms: D056704:Adaptive Immunity; D000818:Animals; D017250:Caliciviridae Infections / Q000276:immunology* / Q000382:microbiology / Q000821:virology; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D005759:Gastroenteritis / Q000276:immunology* / Q000382:microbiology / Q000821:virology; D000069196:Gastrointestinal Microbiome; D041981:Gastrointestinal Tract / Q000276:immunology / Q000382:microbiology / Q000821:virology; D006801:Humans; D007113:Immunity, Innate; D029322:Norovirus / Q000276:immunology*
keywords: immunity; microbiome; microbiota; norovirus