title: Acetate alters expression of genes involved in beige adipogenesis in 3T3-L1 cells and obese KK-Ay mice.
abstract: The induction of beige adipogenesis within white adipose tissue, known as "browning", has received attention as a novel potential anti-obesity strategy. The expression of some characteristic genes includingPR domain containing 16is induced during the browning process. Although acetate has been reported to suppress weight gain in both rodents and humans, its potential effects on beige adipogenesis in white adipose tissue have not been fully characterized. We examined the effects of acetate treatment on 3T3-L1 cells and in obese diabetic KK-Ay mice. The mRNA expression levels of genes involved in beige adipocyte differentiation and genes selectively expressed in beige adipocytes were significantly elevated in both 3T3-L1 cells incubated with 1.0 mM acetate and the visceral white adipose tissue from mice treated with 0.6% acetate for 16 weeks. In KK-Ay mice, acetate reduced the food efficiency ratio and increased the whole-body oxygen consumption rate. Additionally, reduction of adipocyte size anduncoupling protein 1-positive adipocytes and interstitial areas with multilocular adipocytes appeared in the visceral white adipose tissue of acetate-treated mice, suggesting that acetate induced initial changes of "browning". In conclusion, acetate alters the expression of genes involved in beige adipogenesis and might represent a potential therapeutic agent to combat obesity.
authors.affiliation: Department of Metabolic Medicine, Faculty of Life Sciences, Kumamoto University, 1-1-1 Honjo, Chuo-ku, Kumamoto 860-8556, Japan.
authors.forename: Satoko
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Hanatani
authors.affiliation: Department of Metabolic Medicine, Faculty of Life Sciences, Kumamoto University, 1-1-1 Honjo, Chuo-ku, Kumamoto 860-8556, Japan.
authors.forename: Hiroyuki
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Motoshima
authors.affiliation: Department of Metabolic Medicine, Faculty of Life Sciences, Kumamoto University, 1-1-1 Honjo, Chuo-ku, Kumamoto 860-8556, Japan.
authors.forename: Yuki
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Takaki
authors.affiliation: Department of Metabolic Medicine, Faculty of Life Sciences, Kumamoto University, 1-1-1 Honjo, Chuo-ku, Kumamoto 860-8556, Japan.
authors.forename: Shuji
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Kawasaki
authors.affiliation: Department of Metabolic Medicine, Faculty of Life Sciences, Kumamoto University, 1-1-1 Honjo, Chuo-ku, Kumamoto 860-8556, Japan.
authors.forename: Motoyuki
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Igata
authors.affiliation: Department of Metabolic Medicine, Faculty of Life Sciences, Kumamoto University, 1-1-1 Honjo, Chuo-ku, Kumamoto 860-8556, Japan.
authors.forename: Takeshi
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Matsumura
authors.affiliation: Department of Metabolic Medicine, Faculty of Life Sciences, Kumamoto University, 1-1-1 Honjo, Chuo-ku, Kumamoto 860-8556, Japan.
authors.forename: Tatsuya
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Kondo
authors.affiliation: Department of Metabolic Medicine, Faculty of Life Sciences, Kumamoto University, 1-1-1 Honjo, Chuo-ku, Kumamoto 860-8556, Japan.
authors.forename: Takafumi
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Senokuchi
authors.affiliation: Department of Metabolic Medicine, Faculty of Life Sciences, Kumamoto University, 1-1-1 Honjo, Chuo-ku, Kumamoto 860-8556, Japan.
authors.forename: Norio
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Ishii
authors.affiliation: Department of Metabolic Medicine, Faculty of Life Sciences, Kumamoto University, 1-1-1 Honjo, Chuo-ku, Kumamoto 860-8556, Japan.
authors.forename: Junji
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Kawashima
authors.affiliation: Department of Metabolic Medicine, Faculty of Life Sciences, Kumamoto University, 1-1-1 Honjo, Chuo-ku, Kumamoto 860-8556, Japan.
authors.forename: Daisuke
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Kukidome
authors.affiliation: Department of Metabolic Medicine, Faculty of Life Sciences, Kumamoto University, 1-1-1 Honjo, Chuo-ku, Kumamoto 860-8556, Japan.
authors.forename: Seiya
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Shimoda
authors.affiliation: Department of Metabolic Medicine, Faculty of Life Sciences, Kumamoto University, 1-1-1 Honjo, Chuo-ku, Kumamoto 860-8556, Japan.
authors.forename: Takeshi
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Nishikawa
authors.affiliation: Department of Metabolic Medicine, Faculty of Life Sciences, Kumamoto University, 1-1-1 Honjo, Chuo-ku, Kumamoto 860-8556, Japan.
authors.forename: Eiichi
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Araki
keywords: acetate; beige adipogenesis; obesity; short chain fatty acid; visceral fat