title: In Vitro Permeation and Skin Retention of α-Mangostin Proniosome.
abstract: The current investigation evaluated the potential of proniosome as a carrier to enhance skin permeation and skin retention of a highly lipophilic compound, α-mangostin. α-Mangostin proniosomes were prepared using the coacervation phase seperation method. Upon hydration, α-mangostin loaded niosomes were characterized for size, polydispersity index (PDI), entrapment efficiency (EE) and ζ-potential. The in vitro permeation experiments with dermis-split Yucatan Micropig (YMP) skin revealed that proniosomes composed of Spans, soya lecithin and cholesterol were able to enhance the skin permeation of α-mangostin with a factor range from 1.8- to 8.0-fold as compared to the control suspension. Furthermore, incorporation of soya lecithin in the proniosomal formulation significantly enhanced the viable epidermis/dermis (VED) concentration of α-mangostin. All the proniosomal formulations (except for S20L) had significantly (p<0.05) enhanced deposition of α-mangostin in the VED layer with a factor range from 2.5- to 2.9-fold as compared to the control suspension. Since addition of Spans and soya lecithin in water improved the solubility of α-mangostin, this would be related to the enhancement of skin permeation and skin concentration of α-mangostin. The choice of non-ionic surfactant in proniosomes is an important factor governing the skin permeation and skin retention of α-mangostin. These results suggested that proniosomes can be utilized as a carrier for highly lipophilic compound like α-mangostin for topical application.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Bioproduct Development, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia.
authors.forename: Gan Siaw
authors.initials: GS
authors.lastname: Chin
authors.forename: Hiroaki
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Todo
authors.forename: Wesam Radhi
authors.initials: WR
authors.lastname: Kadhum
authors.forename: Mariani Abdul
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Hamid
authors.forename: Kenji
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Sugibayashi
mesh_terms: D000279:Administration, Cutaneous; D000818:Animals; D002784:Cholesterol / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism; D054709:Lecithins / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism; D008081:Liposomes / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000493:pharmacokinetics*; D012869:Skin Absorption; D013025:Glycine max / Q000737:chemistry; D013501:Surface-Active Agents / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism; D013552:Swine; D044004:Xanthones / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000493:pharmacokinetics*
chemical_list: D054709:Lecithins; D008081:Liposomes; D013501:Surface-Active Agents; D044004:Xanthones; D002784:Cholesterol; C021053:mangostin