title: Characterization and immunomodulatory effects of glucans from Pleurotus albidus, a promising species of mushroom for farming and biomass production.
abstract: Polysaccharides from a number of mushroom species are recognized as functional food ingredients with potential health benefits, including immunomodulatory effects. In this study, polysaccharides extracted from the basidiome with cold water (BaCW), hot water (BaHW), and hot alkali (BaHA) solution, and exo- (MyEX) and endopolysaccharides (MyEN) from the submerged culture of Pleurotus albidus, a promising species for farming and biomass production, were analyzed for their chemical composition and structure and immunomodulatory effects on macrophages. Compositional (HPAEC-PAD and HPSEC-RID/MWD) and structural (FT-IR, 1D- and 2D-NMR) analyses identified BaCW and MyEX as β-(1,6)-branched β-(1,3)-glucans, BaHW and MyEN as α-(1,3)-(1,2)-branched α-(1,6)-glucans, and BaHA as a mixture of α-(1,6)- and β-(1,3)-glucans. BaCW and MyEX stimulated the production of tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) and nitric oxide (NO), but not interleukin-6 (IL-6), and decreased phagocytosis of zymosan particles. In contrast, BaHW and MyEN induced TNF-α, NO and IL-6 production, and increased zymosan phagocytosis, while BaHA displayed intermediary effects in comparison the other polysaccharides. In conclusion, the basidiome and the submerged culture of P. albidus are sources of easily extractable α- and β-glucans with potential immunomodulatory effects.
authors.affiliation: Department of Food Science and Experimental Nutrition, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
authors.forename: Victor Costa
authors.initials: VC
authors.lastname: Castro-Alves
authors.affiliation: Sao Paulo Agency for Agribusiness Technology (APTA), Monte Alegre do Sul, SP, Brazil.
authors.forename: Daniel
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Gomes
authors.affiliation: Department of Science and Mathematics, Subarea of Biology, Federal Institute of Education, Science and Technology of São Paulo (IFSP), São Paulo, SP, Brazil; Nucleus of Research in Mycology, Botanical Institute, São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
authors.forename: Nelson
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Menolli
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Nuclear Magnetic Resonance, Brazilian Biosciences National Laboratory (LNBio), Brazilian Center for Research in Energy and Materials (CNPEM), Campinas, SP, Brazil.
authors.forename: Maurício Luís
authors.initials: ML
authors.lastname: Sforça
authors.affiliation: Department of Food Science and Experimental Nutrition, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil; Food and Nutrition Research Center (NAPAN), University of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil; Food Research Center (FoRC), CEPID-FAPESP (Research, Innovation and Dissemination Centers, São Paulo Research Foundation), São Paulo, SP, Brazil. Electronic address: jronasci@usp.br.
authors.forename: João Roberto Oliveira do
authors.initials: JR
authors.lastname: Nascimento
mesh_terms: D000383:Agriculture; D000818:Animals; D018533:Biomass; D005936:Glucans / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000494:pharmacology*; D007155:Immunologic Factors / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000494:pharmacology*; D008264:Macrophages / Q000187:drug effects / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism; D051379:Mice; D009569:Nitric Oxide / Q000378:metabolism; D020076:Pleurotus / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000254:growth & development; D000067996:RAW 264.7 Cells; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D005936:Glucans; D007155:Immunologic Factors; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha; D009569:Nitric Oxide
keywords: Immunomodulation; Pleurotus albidus; Polysaccharides