title: A study of oxidative stress and the newer antiepileptic drugs in epilepsy associated with severe motor and intellectual disabilities.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Patients with severe motor and intellectual disabilities (SMID) are those who have both severe intellectual disabilities and severe physical disabilities. Intractable epilepsy is often associated with SMID. The purpose of this study was to elucidate the relationship between epilepsy associated with SMID and oxidative stress, and to clarify the safety and efficacy of the newer antiepileptic drugs (newer AEDs), lamotrigine and levetiracetam.
  
  
  METHODS
  This study was conducted in 27 SMID patients with epilepsy who were treated with the newer AEDs. The patient characteristics and the safety and efficacy of the newer AEDs were investigated. The reactive oxygen metabolite (d-ROM) and biological antioxidant potential (BAP) levels were measured as indicators of the degree of oxidative stress. The relationship between the investigation results (the patient characteristics, and the safety and efficacy of the newer AEDs) and the results of measurements of the d-ROMs/BAP were analyzed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  All the patients who discontinued the newer AEDs had abnormal plasma d-ROM levels. In addition, all the patients who developed adverse events also had abnormal d-ROM levels. Furthermore, there was a trend toward a lower response rate in patients with higher plasma d-ROM levels.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The results of this study suggested that d-ROM levels are useful for predicting the safety and efficacy of the newer AEDs (lamotrigine, levetiracetam) in SMID patients with intractable epilepsy. Therefore, d-ROMs could be important biomarkers for determining the safety and efficacy of drug therapy in SMID patients with epilepsy.
authors.affiliation: Tokushima Bunri University, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tokushima, Japan; Japanese Red Cross Tokushima Hinomine Rehabilitation Center for People with Disabilities, Tokushima, Japan. Electronic address: morimoto@hinomine-mrc.jp.
authors.forename: Masahito
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Morimoto
authors.affiliation: Japanese Red Cross Tokushima Hinomine Rehabilitation Center for People with Disabilities, Tokushima, Japan.
authors.forename: Shigeko
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Satomura
authors.affiliation: Japanese Red Cross Tokushima Hinomine Rehabilitation Center for People with Disabilities, Tokushima, Japan.
authors.forename: Toshiaki
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Hashimoto
authors.affiliation: Tokushima Bunri University, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tokushima, Japan.
authors.forename: Shojiro
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Kyotani
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000927:Anticonvulsants / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D002648:Child; D004827:Epilepsy / Q000188:drug therapy*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008607:Intellectual Disability / Q000150:complications / Q000378:metabolism*; D008297:Male; D016472:Motor Neuron Disease / Q000150:complications / Q000378:metabolism*; D018384:Oxidative Stress; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D000927:Anticonvulsants; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species
keywords: antiepileptic drugs; children with disabilities; epilepsy; oxidative stress