title: Tumor Infiltrating Mast Cells (TIMs) Confers a Marked Survival Advantage in Nonmetastatic Clear-Cell Renal Cell Carcinoma.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The role played by the innate immune system in determining the clinical outcome of clear-cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC) was still blurred. This study was designed to investigate the prognostic significance of tumor infiltrating mast cells (TIMs) in ccRCC.
  
  
  METHODS
  The study retrospectively enrolled a training set (474 patients) and a validation set (188 patients) with nonmetastasis (pT1-4N0M0) ccRCC from two institutional medical centers of China. TIMs was evaluated by immunohistochemical staining of tryptase and its association with clinicopathologic features and prognosis were evaluated.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In ccRCC tissues, TIMs ranged from 0 to 103 cells/mm2and 0 to 113 cells/mm2in the training set and validation set, respectively. TIMs was negatively correlated with tumor size (P < 0.001 and P < 0.001, respectively), pathological T stage (P = 0.005 and P = 0.007, respectively) and Fuhrman grade (P < 0.001 and P < 0.001, respectively). Patients with abundant TIMs infiltration showed significantly longer cancer-specific survival in the training cohort and the validation cohort (P < 0.001 and P < 0.001). Patients with abundant mast cell infiltration showed significantly longer overall survival in the TCGA cohort (P < 0.001). Moreover, multivariate analysis identified TIMs as an independent prognostic factor for cancer-specific survival (CSS) and relapse-free survival (RFS). Also, TIMs was significantly correlated with CSS and RFS of the mediate and high-risk patients in the training cohort and the validation cohort.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  TIMs density is a powerful independent prognostic factor for CSS and RFS in patients with nonmetastasis (pT1-4N0M0) ccRCC.
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China.|Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.
authors.forename: Hangcheng
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Fu
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China.|Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.
authors.forename: Yu
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Zhu
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.
authors.forename: Yiwei
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China.|Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.
authors.forename: Zheng
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China.|Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.
authors.forename: Junyu
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.
authors.forename: Zewei
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China.|Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.
authors.forename: Huyang
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Xie
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China.|Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.
authors.forename: Bo
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Dai
authors.affiliation: Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China. jjxufdu@fudan.edu.cn.
authors.forename: Jiejie
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Xu
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China. dwyeli@163.com.|Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China. dwyeli@163.com.
authors.forename: Dingwei
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Ye
mesh_terms: D002292:Carcinoma, Renal Cell / Q000276:immunology* / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery; D002452:Cell Count; D018572:Disease-Free Survival; D004354:Drug Screening Assays, Antitumor; D006801:Humans; D007113:Immunity, Innate; D053208:Kaplan-Meier Estimate; D007680:Kidney Neoplasms / Q000276:immunology* / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery; D008407:Mast Cells / Q000276:immunology* / Q000378:metabolism; D060787:Neoplasm Grading; D009367:Neoplasm Staging; D014411:Neoplastic Stem Cells / Q000276:immunology*; D049451:Nomograms; D016016:Proportional Hazards Models; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D018570:Risk Assessment; D015996:Survival Rate; D053802:Tryptases / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D053802:Tryptases