title: Multi-generational xenoestrogenic effects of Perfluoroalkyl acids (PFAAs) mixture on Oryzias latipes using a flow-through exposure system.
abstract: To elucidate the multi-generational estrogenic potential of Perfluoroalkyl acids (PFAAs) mixture, vitellogenin (VTG) expression, growth indices, histological alteration, fecundity, hatching rate, larval survival rate, and sex ratio of Japanese medaka (Oryzias latipes) were investigated by exposing the fish to a mixture of perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS), perfluroroctanoic acid (PFOA), perfluorobutane sulfonate (PFBS), and perfluorononanoic acid (PFNA) for three generations (238 days). Mixture composition is in the ratio of 1:1:1:1. In addition, whole body burden for each PFAA was analyzed. According to the results, concentrated levels of the PFAAs in both F1 and F2 generation O. latipes were ordered PFOS > PFNA > PFOA > PFBS at both low concentration (0.5 μg/L) and high concentration (5 μg/L), whereas a significant difference in whole body burden based on sex or generation was not detected. Significant induction of VTG expression in F2 and the decline of the gonad somatic index (GSI) in F1 were observed following PFAAs mixture exposure (p < 0.05, one-way ANOVA). Furthermore, suppression level of reproduction rate relative to the control increased as generation was transferred to the next in response to PFAAs mixture or 17 β-estradiol exposure, with the inhibition of hatchability observed in the F1 generation. The PFAA high concentration caused significant alteration of F1 generation sex ratio, suggesting the adverse effect of PFAA in population level (Chi-square test, P > 0.05). Overall, this study demonstrated that PFAA mixture could have the potential of multi-generational endocrine disruptors in O. latipes.
authors.affiliation: Risk Assessment Division, Environmental Health Research Department, National Institute of Environmental Research (NIER), Incheon 404-708, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Jin Wuk
authors.initials: JW
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.affiliation: Risk Assessment Division, Environmental Health Research Department, National Institute of Environmental Research (NIER), Incheon 404-708, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Jae-Woo
authors.initials: JW
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.affiliation: Risk Assessment Division, Environmental Health Research Department, National Institute of Environmental Research (NIER), Incheon 404-708, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Yu-Jin
authors.initials: YJ
authors.lastname: Shin
authors.affiliation: Risk Assessment Division, Environmental Health Research Department, National Institute of Environmental Research (NIER), Incheon 404-708, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Ji-Eun
authors.initials: JE
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.affiliation: Accident Prevention and Assessment Division, National Institute of Chemical Safety, Daejeon 305-343, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Tae-Kwon
authors.initials: TK
authors.lastname: Ryu
authors.affiliation: Accident Prevention and Assessment Division, National Institute of Chemical Safety, Daejeon 305-343, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Jisung
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Ryu
authors.affiliation: Watershed Ecology Research Team, Water Environment Research Department, National Institute of Environmental Research (NIER), Incheon 404-708, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Jaean
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.affiliation: Risk Assessment Division, Environmental Health Research Department, National Institute of Environmental Research (NIER), Incheon 404-708, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Pilje
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.affiliation: Environmental Health Research Department, National Institute of Environmental Research (NIER), Incheon 404-708, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Kyunghee
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Choi
authors.affiliation: Risk Assessment Division, Environmental Health Research Department, National Institute of Environmental Research (NIER), Incheon 404-708, Republic of Korea. Electronic address: mirrorpark@korea.kr.
authors.forename: Kyunghwa
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Park
mesh_terms: D017738:Alkanesulfonic Acids / Q000633:toxicity*; D000818:Animals; D002210:Caprylates / Q000633:toxicity*; D052244:Endocrine Disruptors / Q000633:toxicity; D004958:Estradiol / Q000494:pharmacology; D005260:Female; D005466:Fluorocarbons / Q000633:toxicity*; D006066:Gonads / Q000187:drug effects; D008297:Male; D009990:Oryzias / Q000502:physiology*; D014819:Vitellogenins; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical / Q000032:analysis / Q000633:toxicity*
chemical_list: D017738:Alkanesulfonic Acids; D002210:Caprylates; D052244:Endocrine Disruptors; D005466:Fluorocarbons; D014819:Vitellogenins; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical; D004958:Estradiol; C023036:perfluorooctanoic acid; C076994:perfluorooctane sulfonic acid; C108042:perfluorobutane
keywords: Multi-generational estrogenic effects; Oryzias latipes; Perfluorobutane sulfonate (PFBS); Perfluorononanoic acid (PFNA); Perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS); Perfluroroctanoic acid (PFOA)