title: Genomic characterization of a wild-bird-origin pigeon paramyxovirus type 1 (PPMV-1) first isolated in the northwest region of China.
abstract: Pigeon paramyxovirus type-1(PPMV-1) is an enzootic in pigeon flocks and causes severe economic losses in the poultry industry in many countries. A PPMV-1 isolate, abbreviated as PPMV-1/QL-01/CH/15, was isolated from a great spotted woodpecker in the northwest region of China in 2015. The complete genome was sequenced, and the results showed that the virus genome was 15,192 nt in length, in the gene arrangement 3'-NP-P-M-F-HN-L-5'. Several amino acid mutations were identified in the functional domains of the F and HN proteins. The pathogenicity index of the isolate was evaluated, and the mean death time (MDT) was 72 h and the intracerebral pathogenicity index (ICPI) was 0.925, indicating that this isolate was mesogenic. Sequencing results showed that it had a virulent Newcastle disease virus cleavage motif112R-R-Q-K-R-F117at the fusion protein cleavage site. Morbidity and mortality were 70% and 50%, after inoculation of pigeons, whereas this virus was nonpathogenic in chickens. Different immune responses of pigeons and chickens were induced in vivo, which led to different HI serum antibody titers. The results of phylogenetic and evolutionary distance analysis showed that this PPMV-1 strain belonged to sub-genotype VIa in class II. To our knowledge, this is the first identification and analysis of PPMV-1 co-circulation among wild birds and domestic pigeon flocks in China. The data from this study highlight the important role of wild birds in the dissemination of PPMV-1 and provide useful references for improving our understanding of the distribution and evolution of PPMV-1 in China.
authors.affiliation: Department of Avian Disease, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A & F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Xinglong
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: Department of Avian Disease, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A & F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Shanhui
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Ren
authors.affiliation: Department of Avian Disease, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A & F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Xiangwei
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: Department of Avian Disease, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A & F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Chong Yang
authors.initials: CY
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: Department of Avian Disease, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A & F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Mengfei
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Fan
authors.affiliation: Department of Avian Disease, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A & F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Yanqing
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Jia
authors.affiliation: Department of Avian Disease, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A & F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Xiaolong
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Gao
authors.affiliation: Department of Avian Disease, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A & F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Huan
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.affiliation: Department of Avian Disease, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A & F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Sa
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Xiao
authors.affiliation: Department of Avian Disease, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A & F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, People's Republic of China. yzq8162@163.com.
authors.forename: Zengqi
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Yang
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000835:Animals, Wild / Q000821:virology*; D001483:Base Sequence; D001715:Bird Diseases / Q000821:virology*; D002642:Chick Embryo; D002681:China; D010856:Columbidae / Q000821:virology*; D016679:Genome, Viral; D023281:Genomics; D005838:Genotype; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D009522:Newcastle disease virus / Q000145:classification / Q000235:genetics* / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D010802:Phylogeny; D014764:Viral Proteins / Q000235:genetics
chemical_list: D014764:Viral Proteins