title: S-nitrosoglutathione promotes cell wall remodelling, alters the transcriptional profile and induces root hair formation in the hairless root hair defective 6 (rhd6) mutant of Arabidopsis thaliana.
abstract: Nitric oxide (NO) exerts pleiotropic effects on plant development; however, its involvement in cell wall modification during root hair formation (RHF) has not yet been addressed. Here, mutants of Arabidopsis thaliana with altered root hair phenotypes were used to assess the involvement of S-nitrosoglutathione (GSNO), the primary NO source, in cell wall dynamics and gene expression in roots induced to form hairs. GSNO and auxin restored the root hair phenotype of the hairless root hair defective 6 (rhd6) mutant. A positive correlation was observed between increased NO production and RHF induced by auxin in rhd6 and transparent testa glabra (ttg) mutants. Deposition of an epitope within rhamnogalacturonan-I recognized by the CCRC-M2 antibody was delayed in root hair cells (trichoblasts) compared with nonhair cells (atrichoblasts). GSNO, but not auxin, restored the wild-type root glycome and transcriptome profiles in rhd6, modulating the expression of a large number of genes related to cell wall composition and metabolism, as well as those encoding ribosomal proteins, DNA and histone-modifying enzymes and proteins involved in post-translational modification. Our results demonstrate that NO plays a key role in cell wall remodelling in trichoblasts and suggest that it also participates in chromatin modification in root cells of A. thaliana.
authors.affiliation: Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biologia Celular e Estrutural, Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Campinas, SP, 13083-865, Brazil.
authors.forename: Camila Fernandes
authors.initials: CF
authors.lastname: Moro
authors.affiliation: Núcleo de Pesquisa em Fisiologia e Bioquímica, Instituto de Botânica, São Paulo, SP, 04301-012, Brazil.
authors.forename: Marilia
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Gaspar
authors.affiliation: EMBRAPA, Informática Agropecuária, Campinas, SP, 13083-886, Brazil.
authors.forename: Felipe Rodrigues
authors.initials: FR
authors.lastname: da Silva
authors.affiliation: Complex Carbohydrate Research Center, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, 30602-4712, USA.
authors.forename: Sivakumar
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Pattathil
authors.affiliation: Complex Carbohydrate Research Center, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, 30602-4712, USA.
authors.forename: Michael G
authors.initials: MG
authors.lastname: Hahn
authors.affiliation: Núcleo de Pesquisa em Fisiologia e Bioquímica, Instituto de Botânica, São Paulo, SP, 04301-012, Brazil.|Departamento de Biologia Vegetal, Instituto de Biologia, Universidade Estadual de Campinas, CP 6109, Campinas, SP, 13083-970, Brazil.
authors.forename: Ione
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Salgado
authors.affiliation: Núcleo de Pesquisa em Fisiologia e Bioquímica, Instituto de Botânica, São Paulo, SP, 04301-012, Brazil.
authors.forename: Marcia Regina
authors.initials: MR
authors.lastname: Braga
mesh_terms: D017360:Arabidopsis / Q000187:drug effects / Q000235:genetics*; D029681:Arabidopsis Proteins / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism; D051792:Basic Helix-Loop-Helix Proteins / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism; D002473:Cell Wall / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism*; D000939:Epitopes / Q000378:metabolism; D018506:Gene Expression Regulation, Plant / Q000187:drug effects; D055442:Metabolome / Q000187:drug effects; D008954:Models, Biological; D009154:Mutation / Q000235:genetics*; D009569:Nitric Oxide / Q000378:metabolism; D010368:Pectins / Q000378:metabolism; D010641:Phenotype; D019441:Plant Epidermis / Q000166:cytology; D018517:Plant Roots / Q000187:drug effects / Q000235:genetics*; D026422:S-Nitrosoglutathione / Q000494:pharmacology*; D014158:Transcription, Genetic / Q000187:drug effects*; D059467:Transcriptome / Q000187:drug effects / Q000235:genetics
chemical_list: D029681:Arabidopsis Proteins; D051792:Basic Helix-Loop-Helix Proteins; D000939:Epitopes; D009569:Nitric Oxide; D010368:Pectins; D026422:S-Nitrosoglutathione; C520580:RHD6 protein, Arabidopsis
keywords: 
  Arabidopsis thaliana
  ; S-nitrosoglutathione; cell wall; glycome profile; nitric oxide; root hair; transcriptome