title: Conditioned medium from LS 174T goblet cells treated with oxyresveratrol strengthens tight junctions in Caco-2 cells.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Strengthening of intestinal tight junctions provides an effective barrier from the external environment. Goblet cell-derived trefoil factor 3 (TFF3) increases transepithelial resistance by upregulating the expression of tight junction proteins. Oxyresveratrol (OXY) is a hydroxyl-substituted stilbene found in the roots, leaves, stems, and fruit of many plants and known to have various biological activities. In this study, we investigated the strengthening effect of OXY on intestinal tight junctions through stimulation of TFF production in goblet cells.
  
  
  METHODS
  We prepared conditioned medium from LS 174T goblet cells treated with OXY (GCO-CM) and investigated the effect of GCO-CM on strengthening tight junctions of Caco-2 cells. The mRNA and protein expression levels of major tight junction components (claudin-1, occludin, and ZO-1) were measured by quantitative real-time PCR and western blotting, respectively. Transepithelial electric resistance (TEER) was measured using an ohm/V meter. Monolayer permeability was evaluated by paracellular transport of fluorescein isothiocyanate-dextran.
  
  
  RESULTS
  OXY showed a strong antioxidant activity. It significantly increased the expression level of TFF3 in LS 174T goblet cells. GCO-CM prepared by treatment with 2.5, 5, and 10μg/ml OXY did not show cytotoxicity in Caco-2 cells. GCO-CM increased the mRNA and protein expression levels of claudin-1, occludin, and ZO-1. It also significantly increased tight junction integrity and reduced permeability in a dose-dependent manner.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  OXY stimulates the expression of TFF3 in goblet cells, which might increase the integrity of the intestinal tight junction barrier.
authors.affiliation: Department of Public Health Science (BK21 PLUS Program), Graduate School, Korea University, Seoul 136-701, South Korea.
authors.forename: Dahyun
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Hwang
authors.affiliation: Department of Integrated Biomedical and Life Sciences, Graduate School, Korea University, Seoul 136-701, South Korea.
authors.forename: HyunA
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Jo
authors.affiliation: Department of Public Health Science (BK21 PLUS Program), Graduate School, Korea University, Seoul 136-701, South Korea.
authors.forename: Seonwook
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Hwang
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, Korea Polytechnic University, Shihung-si, Gyeonggi-do 429-793, South Korea.
authors.forename: Jeong-Keun
authors.initials: JK
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.affiliation: Division of Functional Food Research, Korea Food Research Institute, Seongnam-si, Gyeonggi-do 463-746, South Korea.
authors.forename: In-Ho
authors.initials: IH
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.affiliation: Department of Public Health Science (BK21 PLUS Program), Graduate School, Korea University, Seoul 136-701, South Korea; Department of Integrated Biomedical and Life Sciences, Graduate School, Korea University, Seoul 136-701, South Korea; Department of Laboratory Medicine, Korea University Guro Hospital, Seoul 152-703, South Korea. Electronic address: yhlim@korea.ac.kr.
authors.forename: Young-Hee
authors.initials: YH
authors.lastname: Lim
mesh_terms: D000975:Antioxidants / Q000494:pharmacology; D018938:Caco-2 Cells; D062445:Claudin-1 / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D017077:Culture Media, Conditioned / Q000378:metabolism*; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D017097:Electric Impedance; D005765:Gastrointestinal Agents / Q000494:pharmacology*; D020397:Goblet Cells / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D007413:Intestinal Mucosa / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism; D062793:Occludin / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D019899:Paracrine Communication / Q000187:drug effects*; D010539:Permeability; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000494:pharmacology*; D013267:Stilbenes / Q000494:pharmacology*; D019108:Tight Junctions / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism; D013997:Time Factors; D000071165:Trefoil Factor-3 / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D015854:Up-Regulation; D062826:Zonula Occludens-1 Protein / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D000975:Antioxidants; C568108:CLDN1 protein, human; D062445:Claudin-1; D017077:Culture Media, Conditioned; D005765:Gastrointestinal Agents; C568985:OCLN protein, human; D062793:Occludin; D010936:Plant Extracts; D013267:Stilbenes; C082495:TFF3 protein, human; C569042:TJP1 protein, human; D000071165:Trefoil Factor-3; D062826:Zonula Occludens-1 Protein; C034912:puag-haad
keywords: Goblet cell; Oxyresveratrol; TEER; TFF3; Tight junction