title: The use of expanded polytetrafluoroethylene in depressed deformities of the face.
abstract: Expanded polytetrafluoroethylene (ePTFE) has been extensively used for facial soft tissue augmentation procedures, and is regarded as safe and reliable and suitable as a permanent implant. This implant is generally used in the lower third of the face for lips filling, nasal augmentation, nasolabial folds and chin augmentation, and rarely for congenital or acquired depressed deformities of the face. The aim of the present study was to assess the effects of ePTFE in congenital or acquired depressed deformities of the face. From September, 2008 to January, 2014, 26 patients were implanted with the material ePTFE to correct depressed deformities of the face. The average age at operation was 23.2 years, with a range of 17-45 years. The depressed deformities were lateralized. The follow-up period was 6-18 months (average 9 months). The etiologies of the depressed deformities included stable hemifacial atrophy (3 cases), craniofacial microsomia (13 cases), bony depression after trauma (8 cases), and other unclear reasons (2 cases). The operations were performed under local anesthesia. ePTFE was inserted in different tissue planes that varied among the different subanatomical areas in the face: beneath the superficial temporal fascia in the temporal area, and on the surface of the superficial musculoaponeurotic system in the zygomatic area, cheek and mandibular area. All of the patients were followed up. Most of the patients [25 of 26 patients (96.2%)] were satisfied with the results, while 1 patient (3.8%) was not satisfied for incomplete correction of the depressed deformity. In conclusion, aside from lipofilling and a free flap transfer, the results showed that ePTFE was an alternative treatment for facial depressed deformity.
authors.affiliation: Department of Plastic Surgery, Xinqiao Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400037, P.R. China.
authors.forename: Xiaowei
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.affiliation: Department of Plastic Surgery, Xinqiao Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400037, P.R. China.
authors.forename: Yiming
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: Department of Plastic Surgery, Xinqiao Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400037, P.R. China.
authors.forename: Shaoliang
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: Department of Plastic Surgery, Xinqiao Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400037, P.R. China.
authors.forename: Zeyuan
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Lei
authors.affiliation: Department of Plastic Surgery, Xinqiao Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400037, P.R. China.
authors.forename: Xiang
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: Department of Plastic Surgery, Xinqiao Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400037, P.R. China.
authors.forename: Dongli
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Fan
keywords: biomaterials; expanded polytetrafluoroethylene; facial augmentation; facial depressed deformity