title: Gonadogenesis and annual reproductive cycles of an endangered cyprinid fish, the lake minnow Eupallasella percnurus (Pallas, 1814).
abstract: In this study, gonadogenesis, the effect of temperature (15, 20 and 25°C) on sex differentiation, and annual changes in the gonads of mature lake minnow Eupallasella percnurus (Pallas, 1814) were determined. The lake minnow was found to be a primary gonochoristic fish species, where gonads are formed directly in the ovaries or testes. The morphological differentiation of gonads was initiated 35days post hatch (DPH) when two types of gonadal anlages were visible: a pear-shaped gonad attached by a single mesentery string and a spindle-shaped gonad attached on both sides to the peritoneum. Gonadogenesis occurred faster in females than in males, with the first previtellogenic oocytes and ovarian lamellae being already observed in 45 DPH fish. In males, cytological differentiation occurred approximately 85 DPH, when the fish reached an average body weight of more than 400mg. No significant effect of rearing temperature on sex ratio in lake minnow juveniles was observed. The proportion of males and females was similar (close to 1:1) in all of the thermal-treated groups, although there were effects of temperature on the final sizes of fish. Histological examination of wild, mature lake minnow ovaries during the annual cycle (from May to February the following year) showed asynchronous oocyte maturation. The testes were characteristic of multi-batch spawning fish. Quantitative dominance of spermatids and mature spermatozoa in May was observed, while the presence of primary and secondary spermatocytes in all other periods was confirmed. These changes were also reflected in the seasonal variation in the gonado-somatic index in both sexes, with the highest mean values of 11.2% (females) and 4.0% (males) in May, which were found to be significantly different to all other periods. The data presented in this study provide an important contribution to our understanding of the biology and reproductive strategy of the endangered lake minnow.
authors.affiliation: Department of Ichthyology, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, 10-957 Olsztyn, Poland. Electronic address: phliwa@uwm.edu.pl.
authors.forename: Piotr
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Hliwa
authors.affiliation: Department of Ichthyology, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, 10-957 Olsztyn, Poland.
authors.forename: Jarosław
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Król
authors.affiliation: Pond Fishery Department, Inland Fisheries Institute, Zabieniec, 05-500 Piaseczno, Poland.
authors.forename: Justyna
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Sikorska
authors.affiliation: Pond Fishery Department, Inland Fisheries Institute, Zabieniec, 05-500 Piaseczno, Poland.
authors.forename: Jacek
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Wolnicki
authors.affiliation: Department of Gamete and Embryo Biology, Institute of Animal Reproduction and Food Research, Polish Academy of Science, 10-748 Olsztyn, Poland.
authors.forename: Grzegorz J
authors.initials: GJ
authors.lastname: Dietrich
authors.affiliation: Pond Fishery Department, Inland Fisheries Institute, Zabieniec, 05-500 Piaseczno, Poland.
authors.forename: Rafał
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Kamiński
authors.affiliation: Department of Ichthyology, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, 10-957 Olsztyn, Poland.
authors.forename: Agnieszka
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Stabińska
authors.affiliation: Department of Gamete and Embryo Biology, Institute of Animal Reproduction and Food Research, Polish Academy of Science, 10-748 Olsztyn, Poland.
authors.forename: Andrzej
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Ciereszko
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D003530:Cyprinidae / Q000196:embryology / Q000502:physiology*; D005260:Female; D007814:Larva / Q000254:growth & development; D008297:Male; D010053:Ovary / Q000254:growth & development*; D010507:Periodicity; D012098:Reproduction / Q000502:physiology*; D012741:Sexual Maturation; D013737:Testis / Q000254:growth & development*
keywords: Annual reproductive cycle; Gonadogenesis; Histology; Lake minnow; TSD