title: Relationship Between Gastric Emptying and Diurnal Glycemic Control in Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus: A Randomized Trial.
abstract: In type 1 diabetes (T1D), delayed gastric emptying (GE) may predispose to a mismatch between insulin delivery and glucose absorption. Previous studies evaluated, only partly, the relationship between delayed GE and postprandial, but not diurnal, glycemia.
  
  
  
  To assess the relationship between GE disturbances and glycemic control in T1D and the effects of accelerating GE on glycemic control.
  
  
  
  This was a randomized placebo-controlled trial in 30 patients with T1D on an insulin pump at an academic medical center.
  
  
  
  GE was evaluated with a [13C]-Spirulina breath test at baseline (GEbaseline), during intravenous saline or erythromycin (2 or 3 mg/kg; GEiv), and after 7 days of oral erythromycin or placebo (GEoral). Weighed meals were provided throughout the study.
  
  
  
  These were GE and continuous glucose monitoring (CGM).
  
  
  
  The baseline glycosylated hemoglobin was 7.6% ± 0.8% (60 ± 8.7 mmol/mol); 12 patients (40%) had delayed GE; faster GE was associated with a greater postprandial CGM-based glucose, but slower GE was not associated with postprandial hypoglycemia (<70 mg/dL). Intravenous (3 mg/kg) but not oral erythromycin accelerated GE. The relationship between GE and glycemia differed between the postprandial periods and the entire day. After adjusting for carbohydrate intake and insulin consumption, faster GE was associated with more hyperglycemia during the postprandial period but lower glucose values across the entire study.
  
  
  
  In T1D, pharmacologically mediated acceleration of GE increases postprandial CGM-based glucose. In contrast, delayed GE is associated with greater CGM-based glucose values over the entire day.
authors.affiliation: Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, and.
authors.forename: Gopanandan
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Parthasarathy
authors.affiliation: Division of Endocrinology, Department of Internal Medicine, and.
authors.forename: Yogish C
authors.initials: YC
authors.lastname: Kudva
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota 55905.
authors.forename: Phillip A
authors.initials: PA
authors.lastname: Low
authors.affiliation: Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, and.
authors.forename: Michael
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Camilleri
authors.affiliation: Division of Endocrinology, Department of Internal Medicine, and.
authors.forename: Ananda
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Basu
authors.affiliation: Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, and.
authors.forename: Adil E
authors.initials: AE
authors.lastname: Bharucha
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D001786:Blood Glucose / Q000378:metabolism*; D015190:Blood Glucose Self-Monitoring / Q000379:methods; D002940:Circadian Rhythm / Q000502:physiology*; D003922:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1 / Q000097:blood / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000503:physiopathology*; D004040:Dietary Carbohydrates / Q000008:administration & dosage; D004334:Drug Administration Schedule; D004917:Erythromycin / Q000494:pharmacology; D005260:Female; D005746:Gastric Emptying / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology*; D005765:Gastrointestinal Agents / Q000494:pharmacology; D006801:Humans; D007004:Hypoglycemic Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage; D007328:Insulin / Q000008:administration & dosage; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D001786:Blood Glucose; D004040:Dietary Carbohydrates; D005765:Gastrointestinal Agents; D007004:Hypoglycemic Agents; D007328:Insulin; D004917:Erythromycin