title: Profiling of Disease-Related Metabolites in Grapevine Internode Tissues Infected withAgrobacterium vitis.
abstract: Green shoot cuttings of 10 different grapevine species were inoculated withAgrobacterium vitisto find disease-related metabolites in the grapevine. Crown galls formed 60 days after inoculation varied in gall severity (GS) evaluated by gall incidence (GI) and gall diameter (GD), which were classified into three response types as RR (low GI and small GD), SR (high GI and small GD), and SS (high GI and large GD), corresponding to resistant, moderately resistant, and susceptible responses, respectively. In this, 4, 4, and 2Vitisspecies were classified into RR, SR, and SS, respectively. Gas chromatography mass spectrometry (GC-MS) analysis of the grapevine stem metabolites withA. vitisinfection showed 134 metabolites in various compound classes critically occurred, which were differentially clustered with the response types by the principal component analysis. Multivariate analysis of the metabolite profile revealed that 11 metabolites increased significantly in relation to the response types, mostly at post-inoculation stages, more prevalently (8 metabolites) at two days after inoculation than other stages, and more related to SS (7 metabolites) than RR (3 metabolites) or SR (one metabolite). This suggests most of the disease-related metabolites may be rarely pre-existing but mostly induced by pathogen infection largely for facilitating gall development except stilbene compound resveratrol, a phytoalexin that may be involved in the resistance response. All of these aspects may be used for the selection of resistant grapevine cultivars and their rootstocks for the control of the crown gall disease of the grapevine.
authors.affiliation: Fruit Research Division, National Institute of Horticultural and Herbal Science, Rural Development Administration, Wanju 55365, Korea; Department of Agricultural Biotechnology and Research Institute of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea.
authors.forename: Sung-Min
authors.initials: SM
authors.lastname: Jung
authors.affiliation: Fruit Research Division, National Institute of Horticultural and Herbal Science, Rural Development Administration, Wanju 55365, Korea.
authors.forename: Youn-Young
authors.initials: YY
authors.lastname: Hur
authors.affiliation: National Clonal Germplasm Repository, United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service (USDA-ARS), Davis, CA 95616, USA.
authors.forename: John E
authors.initials: JE
authors.lastname: Preece
authors.affiliation: Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology and Genome Center, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA.
authors.forename: Oliver
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Fiehn
authors.affiliation: Department of Agricultural Biotechnology and Research Institute of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea.
authors.forename: Young-Ho
authors.initials: YH
authors.lastname: Kim
keywords: crown gall; gas chromatography mass spectrometry; grapevine; metabolic profiling; multivariate data analysis