title: A framework for the detection of de novo mutations in family-based sequencing data.
abstract: Germline mutation detection from human DNA sequence data is challenging due to the rarity of such events relative to the intrinsic error rates of sequencing technologies and the uneven coverage across the genome. We developed PhaseByTransmission (PBT) to identify de novo single nucleotide variants and short insertions and deletions (indels) from sequence data collected in parent-offspring trios. We compute the joint probability of the data given the genotype likelihoods in the individual family members, the known familial relationships and a prior probability for the mutation rate. Candidate de novo mutations (DNMs) are reported along with their posterior probability, providing a systematic way to prioritize them for validation. Our tool is integrated in the Genome Analysis Toolkit and can be used together with the ReadBackedPhasing module to infer the parental origin of DNMs based on phase-informative reads. Using simulated data, we show that PBT outperforms existing tools, especially in low coverage data and on the X chromosome. We further show that PBT displays high validation rates on empirical parent-offspring sequencing data for whole-exome data from 104 trios and X-chromosome data from 249 parent-offspring families. Finally, we demonstrate an association between father's age at conception and the number of DNMs in female offspring's X chromosome, consistent with previous literature reports.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medical Genetics, Center for Molecular Medicine, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands.|Analytic and Translational Genetics Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA.|Program in Medical and Population Genetics, The Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, MA, USA.
authors.forename: Laurent C
authors.initials: LC
authors.lastname: Francioli
authors.affiliation: Department of Medical Genetics, Center for Molecular Medicine, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Mircea
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Cretu-Stancu
authors.affiliation: Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Roosevelt Drive, Oxford, UK.
authors.forename: Kiran V
authors.initials: KV
authors.lastname: Garimella
authors.affiliation: Analytic and Translational Genetics Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA.|Program in Medical and Population Genetics, The Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, MA, USA.|Department of Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA.|Department of Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA.
authors.forename: Menachem
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Fromer
authors.affiliation: Department of Medical Genetics, Center for Molecular Medicine, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Wigard P
authors.initials: WP
authors.lastname: Kloosterman
authors.affiliation: Analytic and Translational Genetics Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA.|Program in Medical and Population Genetics, The Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, MA, USA.
authors.forename: Kaitlin E
authors.initials: KE
authors.lastname: Samocha
authors.affiliation: Analytic and Translational Genetics Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA.|Program in Medical and Population Genetics, The Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, MA, USA.
authors.forename: Benjamin M
authors.identifier: 0000-0003-1513-6077
authors.initials: BM
authors.lastname: Neale
authors.affiliation: Analytic and Translational Genetics Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA.|Program in Medical and Population Genetics, The Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, MA, USA.
authors.forename: Mark J
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Daly
authors.affiliation: Program in Medical and Population Genetics, The Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, MA, USA.
authors.forename: Eric
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Banks
authors.affiliation: Program in Medical and Population Genetics, The Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, MA, USA.
authors.forename: Mark A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: DePristo
authors.affiliation: Department of Medical Genetics, Center for Molecular Medicine, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands.|Department of Epidemiology, Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, CG, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Paul Iw
authors.initials: PI
authors.lastname: de Bakker
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D002648:Child; D041321:Chromosomes, Human, X / Q000235:genetics; D059472:Exome; D005260:Female; D055106:Genome-Wide Association Study / Q000379:methods*; D005838:Genotype; D018095:Germ-Line Mutation; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008957:Models, Genetic; D010375:Pedigree; D020641:Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide; D017422:Sequence Analysis, DNA / Q000379:methods*; D012984:Software