title: Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and malnutrition in developing countries.
abstract: Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a chronic inflammatory lung disorder characterized by progressive, poorly reversible airflow limitation. In addition to its pulmonary manifestations, COPD is also associated with several systemic expressions including anemia, osteoporosis, coronary artery disease, and malnutrition. In COPD, malnutrition is a consequence of reduced nutritional intake and muscle loss, further compounded by systemic inflammation. In the developing world, malnutrition is a significant problem by itself, even without any systemic illness. It is likely that the occurrence and consequence of malnutrition in COPD may be even more profound in developing countries. In this review, we discuss the relationship between malnutrition and COPD and their overall impact in the developing world.
  
  
  
  COPD is highly prevalent in developing countries with an estimated 15-43 million patients suffering from COPD. The pooled prevalence of malnutrition in COPD was found to be 47.6% [95% confidence interval (CI), 23.5-71.5%] with the prevalence being higher in acute exacerbations of COPD compared to stable COPD.
  
  
  
  There is a need for generating good quality evidence from the developing world regarding the prevalence of malnutrition in COPD, the role of nutritional supplementation and its impact on exercise capacity, and overall health-related quality of life in patients with COPD.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India.
authors.forename: Inderpaul S
authors.initials: IS
authors.lastname: Sehgal
authors.forename: Sahajal
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Dhooria
authors.forename: Ritesh
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Agarwal
mesh_terms: D003906:Developing Countries; D019587:Dietary Supplements; D017079:Exercise Tolerance; D006801:Humans; D044342:Malnutrition / Q000503:physiopathology* / Q000628:therapy; D029424:Pulmonary Disease, Chronic Obstructive / Q000503:physiopathology*; D011788:Quality of Life