title: How to Plant Apple Trees to Reduce Replant Disease in Apple Orchard: A Study on the Phenolic Acid of the Replanted Apple Orchard.
abstract: Apple replant disease (ARD) is an important problem in the production of apple. The phenolic acid is one of the causes of ARD. How phenolic acid affects the ARD was not well known. In this study, we analyzed the type, concentration and annual dynamic variation of phenolic acid in soil from three replanted apple orchards using an accelerated solvent extraction system with high performance liquid chromatography (ASE-HPLC). We found that the type and concentration of phenolic acid were significantly differed among different seasons, different sampling positions and different soil layers. Major types of phenolic acid in three replanted apple orchards were phlorizin, benzoic acid and vanillic aldehyde. The concentration of phenolic acid was highest in the soil of the previous tree holes and it was increased from the spring to autumn. Moreover, phenolic acid was primarily distributed in 30-60 cm soil layer in the autumn, while it was most abundant in 0-30 cm soil layer in the spring. Our results suggest that phlorizin, benzoic acid and vanillic aldehyde may be the key phenolic acid that brought about ARD in the replanted apple orchard.
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, College of Horticulture Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, Shandong, China.
authors.forename: Chengmiao
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Yin
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, College of Horticulture Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, Shandong, China.
authors.forename: Li
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Xiang
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, College of Horticulture Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, Shandong, China.
authors.forename: Gongshuai
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, College of Horticulture Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, Shandong, China.|College of Chemistry and Material Science, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, Shandong, China.
authors.forename: Yanfang
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, College of Horticulture Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, Shandong, China.
authors.forename: Xiang
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Shen
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, College of Horticulture Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, Shandong, China.
authors.forename: Xuesen
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, College of Horticulture Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, Shandong, China.
authors.forename: Zhiquan
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Mao
mesh_terms: D000383:Agriculture; D062385:Hydroxybenzoates / Q000737:chemistry / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000378:metabolism*; D027845:Malus / Q000254:growth & development* / Q000378:metabolism; D010935:Plant Diseases; D012987:Soil / Q000737:chemistry*
chemical_list: D062385:Hydroxybenzoates; D012987:Soil; C017616:phenolic acid