title: ADME studies and preliminary safety pharmacology of LDT5, a lead compound for the treatment of benign prostatic hyperplasia.
abstract: This study aimed to estimate the absorption, distribution, metabolism and excretion (ADME) properties and safety of LDT5, a lead compound for oral treatment of benign prostatic hyperplasia that has previously been characterized as a multi-target antagonist of α1A-, α1D-adrenoceptors and 5-HT1A receptors. The preclinical characterization of this compound comprised the evaluation of its in vitro properties, including plasma, microsomal and hepatocytes stability, cytochrome P450 metabolism and inhibition, plasma protein binding, and permeability using MDCK-MDR1 cells. De-risking and preliminary safety pharmacology assays were performed through screening of 44 off-target receptors and in vivo tests in mice (rota-rod and single dose toxicity). LDT5 is stable in rat and human plasma, human liver microsomes and hepatocytes, but unstable in rat liver microsomes and hepatocytes (half-life of 11 min). LDT5 is highly permeable across the MDCK-MDR1 monolayer (Papp ∼32×10-6 cm/s), indicating good intestinal absorption and putative brain penetration. LDT5 is not extensively protein-bound and is a substrate of human CYP2D6 and CYP2C19 but not of CYP3A4 (half-life >60 min), and did not significantly influence the activities of any of the human cytochrome P450 isoforms screened. LDT5 was considered safe albeit new studies are necessary to rule out putative central adverse effects through D2, 5-HT1A and 5-HT2B receptors, after chronic use. This work highlights the drug-likeness properties of LDT5 and supports its further preclinical development.
authors.affiliation: Laboratório de Farmacologia Bioquímica e Molecular, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil.
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Noël
authors.affiliation: Laboratório de Farmacologia Bioquímica e Molecular, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil.
authors.forename: J B
authors.initials: JB
authors.lastname: Nascimento-Viana
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Farmácia, Faculdade de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade de Brasília, Brasília, DF, Brasil.
authors.forename: L A S
authors.initials: LA
authors.lastname: Romeiro
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Farmácia, Faculdade de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade de Brasília, Brasília, DF, Brasil.|Laboratório de Desenvolvimento de Estratégias Terapêuticas, Universidade Católica de Brasília, Brasília, DF, Brasil.
authors.forename: R O
authors.initials: RO
authors.lastname: Silva
authors.affiliation: Laboratório de Desenvolvimento de Estratégias Terapêuticas, Universidade Católica de Brasília, Brasília, DF, Brasil.
authors.forename: L F N
authors.initials: LF
authors.lastname: Lemes
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Farmácia, Faculdade de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade de Brasília, Brasília, DF, Brasil.|Laboratório de Desenvolvimento de Estratégias Terapêuticas, Universidade Católica de Brasília, Brasília, DF, Brasil.
authors.forename: A S
authors.initials: AS
authors.lastname: Oliveira
authors.affiliation: Laboratório de Farmacologia da Dor e Inflamação, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil.
authors.forename: T B S
authors.initials: TB
authors.lastname: Giorno
authors.affiliation: Laboratório de Farmacologia da Dor e Inflamação, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil.
authors.forename: P D
authors.initials: PD
authors.lastname: Fernandes
authors.affiliation: Laboratório de Farmacologia Bioquímica e Molecular, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil.
authors.forename: C L M
authors.initials: CL
authors.lastname: Silva
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D004353:Drug Evaluation, Preclinical; D004355:Drug Stability; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D010539:Permeability; D010879:Piperazines / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism / Q000494:pharmacology*; D011470:Prostatic Hyperplasia / Q000188:drug therapy*; D051381:Rats; D013997:Time Factors
chemical_list: C000623338:1-(2-methoxyphenyl)-4-(2-(3,4-dimethoxyphenyl)ethyl)piperazine; D010879:Piperazines