title: Medication reconciliation as a medication safety initiative in Ethiopia: a study protocol.
abstract: Medication related adverse events are common, particularly during transitions of care, and have a significant impact on patient outcomes and healthcare costs. Medication reconciliation (MedRec) is an important initiative to achieve the Quality Use of Medicines, and has been adopted as a standard practice in many developed countries. However, the impact of this strategy is rarely described in Ethiopia. The aims of this study are to explore patient safety culture, and to develop, implement and evaluate a theory informed MedRec intervention, with the aim of minimising the incidence of medication errors during hospital admission.
  
  
  
  The study will be conducted in a resource limited setting. There are three phases to this project. The first phase is a mixed methods study of healthcare professionals' perspectives of patient safety culture and patients' experiences of medication related adverse events. In this phase, the Hospital Survey on Patient Safety Culture will be used along with semi-structured indepth interviews to investigate patient safety culture and experiences of medication related adverse events. The second phase will use a semi-structured interview guide, designed according to the 12 domains of the Theoretical Domains Framework, to explore the barriers and facilitators to medication safety activities delivered by hospital pharmacists. The third phase will be a single centre, before and after study, that will evaluate the impact of pharmacist conducted admission MedRec in an emergency department (ED). The main outcome measure is the incidence and potential clinical severity of medication errors. We will then analyse the differences in the incidence and severity of medication errors before and after initiation of an ED pharmacy service.
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.|School of Pharmacy, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia.
authors.forename: Alemayehu B
authors.initials: AB
authors.lastname: Mekonnen
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.
authors.forename: Andrew J
authors.initials: AJ
authors.lastname: McLachlan
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.
authors.forename: Jo-Anne E
authors.initials: JE
authors.lastname: Brien
authors.affiliation: Department of Internal Medicine, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.
authors.forename: Desalew
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Mekonnen
authors.affiliation: Department of Internal Medicine, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia.
authors.forename: Zenahebezu
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Abay
mesh_terms: D004636:Emergency Service, Hospital; D005002:Ethiopia; D017144:Focus Groups; D006760:Hospitalization; D006761:Hospitals; D006801:Humans; D007407:Interviews as Topic; D008508:Medication Errors / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D059065:Medication Reconciliation / Q000379:methods*; D061214:Patient Safety; D010607:Pharmacy Service, Hospital / Q000592:standards*; D012107:Research Design; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D000069341:Transitional Care
keywords: medication discrepancies; medication errors; medication history; medication reconciliation; medication review; medication safety