title: Short Adult Stature Predicts Impaired β-Cell Function, Insulin Resistance, Glycemia, and Type 2 Diabetes in Finnish Men.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Recent studies have highlighted the role of height in complex diseases, but conflicting information has been reported on height as a predictor of changes in glycemia and risk of type 2 diabetes.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  Our aim was to investigate the association of height with insulin sensitivity, insulin secretion, glycemia, type 2 diabetes, and cardiovascular disease (CVD) in a large prospective population-based study.
  
  
  METHODS
  The study included 8746 Finnish men (mean ± standard deviation, age 57.2 ± 7.1 years, body mass index, 26.8 ± 3.8 kg/m2) selected from a population-based Metabolic Syndrome in Men (METSIM) study.
  
  
  METHODS
  The study was conducted at Kuopio University Hospital and University of Eastern Finland.
  
  
  METHODS
  The participants were nondiabetic at the recruitment, and 5401 subjects have participated in the follow-up study. During the follow-up, a total of 693 subjects converted to type 2 diabetes and 351 were diagnosed with a new CVD event during the follow-up.
  
  
  METHODS
  The main outcome measures were incidence of type 2 diabetes and CVD.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Height measured at baseline was significantly associated with lower levels of 2-hour glucose in an oral glucose tolerance test, an increase in insulin secretion, a decrease in the risk of type 2 diabetes [hazard ratio (HR) = 0.83(confidence interval [CI] 0.77 to 0.90)] and CVD [HR = 0.75(CI 0.67 to 0.83)] during the follow-up.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Short stature is associated with unfavorable changes in glucose metabolism and predicts an increase in the risk of type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular events.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Clinical Medicine, Internal Medicine, University of Eastern Finland, 70210 Kuopio, Finland; and.
authors.forename: Jagadish
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Vangipurapu
authors.affiliation: Institute of Clinical Medicine, Internal Medicine, University of Eastern Finland, 70210 Kuopio, Finland; and.
authors.forename: Alena
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Stancáková
authors.affiliation: Institute of Clinical Medicine, Internal Medicine, University of Eastern Finland, 70210 Kuopio, Finland; and.|Department of Medicine, Kuopio University Hospital, 70210 Kuopio, Finland.
authors.forename: Raimo
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Jauhiainen
authors.affiliation: Institute of Clinical Medicine, Internal Medicine, University of Eastern Finland, 70210 Kuopio, Finland; and.|Department of Medicine, Kuopio University Hospital, 70210 Kuopio, Finland.
authors.forename: Johanna
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Kuusisto
authors.affiliation: Institute of Clinical Medicine, Internal Medicine, University of Eastern Finland, 70210 Kuopio, Finland; and.|Department of Medicine, Kuopio University Hospital, 70210 Kuopio, Finland.
authors.forename: Markku
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Laakso
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000886:Anthropometry / Q000379:methods; D001786:Blood Glucose / Q000378:metabolism*; D001827:Body Height / Q000502:physiology*; D002318:Cardiovascular Diseases / Q000097:blood / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000209:etiology / Q000503:physiopathology; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D003924:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / Q000097:blood / Q000150:complications / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000503:physiopathology*; D005387:Finland / Q000453:epidemiology; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D005951:Glucose Tolerance Test / Q000379:methods; D006801:Humans; D007333:Insulin Resistance / Q000502:physiology*; D050417:Insulin-Secreting Cells / Q000502:physiology*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D012307:Risk Factors
chemical_list: D001786:Blood Glucose