title: Diet-Microbiome Interactions in Health Are Controlled by Intestinal Nitrogen Source Constraints.
abstract: Diet influences health and patterns of disease in populations. How different diets do this and why outcomes of diets vary between individuals are complex and involve interaction with the gut microbiome. A major challenge for predicting health outcomes of the host-microbiome dynamic is reconciling the effects of different aspects of diet (food composition or intake rate) on the system. Here we show that microbial community assembly is fundamentally shaped by a dichotomy in bacterial strategies to access nitrogen in the gut environment. Consequently, the pattern of dietary protein intake constrains the host-microbiome dynamic in ways that are common to a very broad range of diet manipulation strategies. These insights offer a mechanism for the impact of high protein intake on metabolic health and form the basis for a general theory of the impact of different diet strategies on host-microbiome outcomes.
authors.affiliation: Charles Perkins Centre, University of Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia; School of Life and Environmental Science, University of Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia. Electronic address: andrew.holmes@sydney.edu.au.
authors.forename: Andrew J
authors.initials: AJ
authors.lastname: Holmes
authors.affiliation: School of Life and Environmental Science, University of Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia.
authors.forename: Yi Vee
authors.initials: YV
authors.lastname: Chew
authors.affiliation: School of Life and Environmental Science, University of Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia.
authors.forename: Feyza
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Colakoglu
authors.affiliation: The Centre for Microscopy, Characterization, and Analysis, University of Western Australia, Crawley, WA 6009, Australia.
authors.forename: John B
authors.initials: JB
authors.lastname: Cliff
authors.affiliation: Charles Perkins Centre, University of Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia; School of Life and Environmental Science, University of Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia.
authors.forename: Eline
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Klaassens
authors.affiliation: Charles Perkins Centre, University of Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia; School of Life and Environmental Science, University of Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia.
authors.forename: Mark N
authors.initials: MN
authors.lastname: Read
authors.affiliation: Charles Perkins Centre, University of Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia; School of Life and Environmental Science, University of Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia; Centre for Education and Research on Aging, and Aging and Alzheimers Institute, Concord Hospital, Sydney, NSW 2139, Australia; ANZAC Research Institute, Sydney, NSW 2139, Australia.
authors.forename: Samantha M
authors.initials: SM
authors.lastname: Solon-Biet
authors.affiliation: Charles Perkins Centre, University of Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia; Centre for Education and Research on Aging, and Aging and Alzheimers Institute, Concord Hospital, Sydney, NSW 2139, Australia; ANZAC Research Institute, Sydney, NSW 2139, Australia.
authors.forename: Aisling C
authors.initials: AC
authors.lastname: McMahon
authors.affiliation: Charles Perkins Centre, University of Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia; Centre for Education and Research on Aging, and Aging and Alzheimers Institute, Concord Hospital, Sydney, NSW 2139, Australia; ANZAC Research Institute, Sydney, NSW 2139, Australia.
authors.forename: Victoria C
authors.initials: VC
authors.lastname: Cogger
authors.affiliation: EWOS Innovation, Dirdal 4335, Norway.
authors.forename: Kari
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Ruohonen
authors.affiliation: Charles Perkins Centre, University of Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia; School of Life and Environmental Science, University of Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia.
authors.forename: David
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Raubenheimer
authors.affiliation: Charles Perkins Centre, University of Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia; Centre for Education and Research on Aging, and Aging and Alzheimers Institute, Concord Hospital, Sydney, NSW 2139, Australia; ANZAC Research Institute, Sydney, NSW 2139, Australia.
authors.forename: David G
authors.initials: DG
authors.lastname: Le Couteur
authors.affiliation: Charles Perkins Centre, University of Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia; School of Life and Environmental Science, University of Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia. Electronic address: stephen.simpson@sydney.edu.au.
authors.forename: Stephen J
authors.initials: SJ
authors.lastname: Simpson
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001419:Bacteria / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D044822:Biodiversity; D003198:Computer Simulation; D004032:Diet; D004040:Dietary Carbohydrates / Q000494:pharmacology; D004044:Dietary Proteins / Q000494:pharmacology; D004734:Energy Metabolism / Q000187:drug effects; D005502:Food; D006262:Health; D007413:Intestinal Mucosa / Q000378:metabolism*; D007422:Intestines / Q000187:drug effects; D008807:Mice, Inbred BALB C; D008810:Mice, Inbred C57BL; D064307:Microbiota / Q000187:drug effects; D009077:Mucins / Q000378:metabolism; D009584:Nitrogen / Q000378:metabolism*; D018629:Spectrometry, Mass, Secondary Ion
chemical_list: D004040:Dietary Carbohydrates; D004044:Dietary Proteins; D009077:Mucins; D009584:Nitrogen
keywords: aging; diet; geometric framework; gut microbiome; microbial ecology; mucin; nutritional geometry; obesity