title: Laparoscopic cholecystectomy for acute calculous cholecystitis: a retrospective study assessing risk factors for conversion and complications.
abstract: The purpose of the study was to identify risk factors for conversion of laparoscopic cholecystectomy and risk factors for postoperative complications in acute calculous cholecystitis. The most common complications arising from cholecystectomy were also to be identified.
  
  
  
  A total of 499 consecutive patients, who had undergone emergent cholecystectomy with diagnosis of cholecystitis in Meilahti Hospital in 2013-2014, were identified from the hospital database. Of the identified patients, 400 had acute calculous cholecystitis of which 27 patients with surgery initiated as open cholecystectomy were excluded, resulting in 373 patients for the final analysis. The Clavien-Dindo classification of surgical complications was used.
  
  
  
  Laparoscopic cholecystectomy was initiated in 373 patients of which 84 (22.5%) were converted to open surgery. Multivariate logistic regression identified C-reactive protein (CRP) over 150 mg/l, age over 65 years, diabetes, gangrene of the gallbladder and an abscess as risk factors for conversion. Complications were experienced by 67 (18.0%) patients. Multivariate logistic regression identified age over 65 years, male gender, impaired renal function and conversion as risk factors for complications.
  
  
  
  Advanced cholecystitis with high CRP, gangrene or an abscess increase the risk of conversion. The risk of postoperative complications is higher after conversion. Early identification and treatment of acute calculous cholecystitis might reduce the number of patients with advanced cholecystitis and thus improve outcomes.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Haartmaninkatu 8, 00014 Helsinki, Finland.
authors.forename: Petra Maria
authors.initials: PM
authors.lastname: Terho
authors.affiliation: Department of Abdominal Surgery, Helsinki University Central Hospital, P.O.Box 340, 00029 HUS Helsinki, Finland.
authors.forename: Ari Kalevi
authors.initials: AK
authors.lastname: Leppäniemi
authors.affiliation: Department of Abdominal Surgery, Helsinki University Central Hospital, P.O.Box 340, 00029 HUS Helsinki, Finland.
authors.forename: Panu Juhani
authors.initials: PJ
authors.lastname: Mentula
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000367:Age Factors; D000368:Aged; D017081:Cholecystectomy, Laparoscopic / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000379:methods / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D041881:Cholecystitis, Acute / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000209:etiology / Q000601:surgery; D002769:Cholelithiasis / Q000150:complications*; D042241:Early Diagnosis; D005260:Female; D005387:Finland / Q000453:epidemiology; D006801:Humans; D007677:Kidney Function Tests / Q000379:methods / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D016015:Logistic Models; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010043:Outcome and Process Assessment, Health Care; D011183:Postoperative Complications / Q000145:classification / Q000453:epidemiology; D012307:Risk Factors; D012737:Sex Factors
keywords: Acute cholecystitis; Conversion; Laparoscopic cholecystectomy; Open cholecystectomy