title: Prevalence and risk factors associated with musculoskeletal complaints among users of mobile handheld devices: A systematic review.
abstract: This systematic review aimed at evaluating the prevalence and risk factors for musculoskeletal complaints associated with mobile handheld device use. Pubmed, Medline, Web of Science, CINAHL and Embase were searched. The methodological quality of included studies was assessed. Strength of evidence for risk factors was determined based on study designs, methodological quality and consistency of results. Five high-quality, eight acceptable-quality and two low-quality peer-reviewed articles were included. This review demonstrates that the prevalence of musculoskeletal complaints among mobile device users ranges from 1.0% to 67.8% and neck complaints have the highest prevalence rates ranging from 17.3% to 67.8%. This study also finds some evidence for neck flexion, frequency of phone calls, texting and gaming in relation to musculoskeletal complaints among mobile device users. Inconclusive evidence is shown for other risk factors such as duration of use and human-device interaction techniques due to inconsistent results or a limited number of studies.
authors.affiliation: Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, China. Electronic address: yanfei.xie@connect.polyu.hk.
authors.forename: Yanfei
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Xie
authors.affiliation: Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, China.
authors.forename: Grace
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Szeto
authors.affiliation: Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, China.
authors.forename: Jie
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Dai
mesh_terms: D034201:Computers, Handheld; D006801:Humans; D059352:Musculoskeletal Pain / Q000453:epidemiology*; D009333:Neck / Q000503:physiopathology; D019547:Neck Pain / Q000453:epidemiology*; D011187:Posture; D015995:Prevalence; D012307:Risk Factors; D060145:Text Messaging; D018910:Video Games
keywords: Mobile handheld devices; Musculoskeletal complaints; Systematic review