title: Altered serum level of matrix metalloproteinase-9 and its association with decision-making in eating disorders.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The aims of this study were to determine whether the serum levels of precursor brain-derived neurotrophic factor (proBDNF), mature BDNF (mBDNF), and matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9) are altered in patients with eating disorders (ED), including anorexia nervosa (AN) and bulimia nervosa (BN), and to explore whether those levels are associated with decision-making abilities.
  
  
  METHODS
  Nineteen women with AN, 28 women with BN, and 22 age-matched healthy control women (HC) were enrolled in the current study. All participants had their decision-making abilities assessed using the Iowa Gambling Task (IGT). Their eating-related pathophysiology and depressive/anxiety symptoms were also evaluated.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The MMP-9 level in AN was significantly lower than that in either BN or HC, but the serum levels of proBDNF and mBDNF did not differ among the three groups. Investigation of the serum levels of proBDNF and MMP-9 in patients with ED and controls revealed a significant correlation between them. In the BN, there were positive correlations between mBDNF level and IGT performance and also between MMP-9 level and IGT performance, but these correlations did not occur in AN. The MMP-9 level was positively associated with the Symptom Scale, one of the subscales of the Bulimic Investigatory Test, Edinburgh, only in AN.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These results suggest that the serum level of MMP-9 plays a role in the pathophysiology of AN, and both the serum levels of mBDNF and MMP-9 may be associated with decision-making abilities in patients with BN.
authors.affiliation: Department of Regional Disaster Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan.
authors.forename: Junko
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Matsumoto
authors.affiliation: Research Center for Child Mental Development, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan.
authors.forename: Yoshiyuki
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Hirano
authors.affiliation: Center for Forensic Mental Health, Chiba, Japan.
authors.forename: Kenji
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Hashimoto
authors.affiliation: Center for Forensic Mental Health, Chiba, Japan.
authors.forename: Tamaki
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Ishima
authors.affiliation: Center for Forensic Mental Health, Chiba, Japan.
authors.forename: Nobuhisa
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Kanahara
authors.affiliation: Departments of Psychiatry, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan.
authors.forename: Tomihisa
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Niitsu
authors.affiliation: Center for Forensic Mental Health, Chiba, Japan.
authors.forename: Akihiro
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Shiina
authors.affiliation: Departments of Psychiatry, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan.
authors.forename: Tasuku
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Hashimoto
authors.affiliation: Global Clinical Research, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan.
authors.forename: Yasunori
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Sato
authors.affiliation: Clinical Cell Biology and Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan.
authors.forename: Koutaro
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Yokote
authors.affiliation: Department of Regional Disaster Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan.
authors.forename: Shunichi
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Murano
authors.affiliation: Departments of Psychiatry, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan.
authors.forename: Hiroshi
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Kimura
authors.affiliation: Departments of Psychiatry, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan.
authors.forename: Yutaka
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Hosoda
authors.affiliation: Cognitive Behavioral Physiology, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan.
authors.forename: Eiji
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Shimizu
authors.affiliation: Center for Forensic Mental Health, Chiba, Japan.|Departments of Psychiatry, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan.
authors.forename: Masaomi
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Iyo
authors.affiliation: Research Center for Child Mental Development, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan.|Departments of Psychiatry, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan.
authors.forename: Michiko
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Nakazato
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D019208:Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor / Q000097:blood; D003657:Decision Making / Q000502:physiology*; D001068:Feeding and Eating Disorders / Q000097:blood* / Q000523:psychology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D020780:Matrix Metalloproteinase 9 / Q000097:blood*; D009483:Neuropsychological Tests; D011498:Protein Precursors / Q000097:blood; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D019208:Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor; D011498:Protein Precursors; C426674:brain-derived neurotrophic factor precursor; D020780:Matrix Metalloproteinase 9
keywords: anorexia nervosa; brain-derived neurotrophic factor; bulimia nervosa; decision-making; matrix metalloproteinase-9