title: Identification of Differently Regulated Proteins afterFusarium graminearumInfection of Emmer (Triticum dicoccum) at Several Grain Ripening Stages.
abstract: This study was conducted to improve the knowledge of molecular processes involved in the interaction betweenFusarium graminearumand emmer in the course of grain ripening. Emmer plants were artificially inoculated with aF. graminearumspore suspension at anthesis. In the course of grain ripening from milk ripe to plant death stage, grains at four phenological growth stages were collected for analysis. The infection degree was evaluated based on theF. graminearumDNA content in emmer grain infolding tissues (glumes and rachis). For proteome analysis the albumin and globulin fractions of emmer grains, consisting of proteins with various functions related to the development and stress response, were analysed regarding the changes due toFusariuminfection by two-dimensional gel electrophoresis. Altogether, forty-three proteins affected by infection were identified by mass spectrometry. Enzymes detoxifying reactive oxygen species were regulated at all developmental stages. In the early stage of grain development, the abundance of proteins related to stress response, such as 2-Cys peroxiredoxin, a chitinase, a xylanase inhibitor and a spermidine synthase was increased. During later stage of grain development, the abundance of stress-related proteins, such as chitinases, heat shock proteins and an α-amylase inhibitor-like protein, decreased. During all ripening stages, but especially during medium milk stage (BBCH 75) and soft dough stage (BBCH 85), the abundance of proteins related to carbon metabolism, starch and protein biosynthesis as well as photosynthesis increased due toF. graminearuminfection. At the plant death stage (BBCH 97) the abundance of only two proteins related to metabolism decreased.
authors.affiliation: Quality of Plant Products, Department of Crop Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, Georg-August-University of Göttingen, DE-37075 Göttingen, Germany.
authors.forename: Christina
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Trümper
authors.affiliation: Institute of Plant Genetics, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Leibniz University of Hannover, DE-30419 Hannover, Germany.
authors.forename: Katrin
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Paffenholz
authors.affiliation: Quality of Plant Products, Department of Crop Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, Georg-August-University of Göttingen, DE-37075 Göttingen, Germany.
authors.forename: Inga
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Smit
authors.affiliation: Molecular Phytopathology and Mycotoxin Research Division, Department of Crop Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, Georg-August University of Göttingen, DE-37077 Göttingen, Germany.
authors.forename: Philip
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Kössler
authors.affiliation: Molecular Phytopathology and Mycotoxin Research Division, Department of Crop Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, Georg-August University of Göttingen, DE-37077 Göttingen, Germany.
authors.forename: Petr
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Karlovsky
authors.affiliation: Institute of Plant Genetics, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Leibniz University of Hannover, DE-30419 Hannover, Germany.
authors.forename: Hans Peter
authors.initials: HP
authors.lastname: Braun
authors.affiliation: Quality of Plant Products, Department of Crop Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, Georg-August-University of Göttingen, DE-37075 Göttingen, Germany.
authors.forename: Elke
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Pawelzik
keywords: Fusarium head blight; defence proteins; emmer; grain development; plant proteomics