title: Fat and fibre interfere with the dramatic effect that nanoemulsified d-limonene has on the heat resistance of Listeria monocytogenes.
abstract: The application of d-limonene in form of nanoemulsion has been proved to reduce dramatically the thermal resistance of Listeria monocytogenes in culture media. The present research shows very promising results on the application in food products. The thermal resistance of L. monocytogenes was reduced 90 times when 0.5 mM nanoemulsified d-limonene was added to apple juice. This is the biggest reduction in the heat resistance of a microorganism caused by an antimicrobial described ever. However, no effect was found in carrot juice. A carrot juice system was prepared in an attempt to unravel which juice constituents were responsible for the lack of effect. When fat and fibre were not included in the carrot juice system formulation, the thermal resistance of L. monocytogenes was, again, dramatically reduced in presence of nanoemulsified d-limonene, so these components were shown to interfere with the effect. Once this interaction with food constituents becomes solved, the addition of nanoemulsified antimicrobials would allow to reduce greatly the intensity of the thermal treatments currently applied in the food processing industry.
authors.affiliation: Dpto. Ingeniería de Alimentos y del Equipamiento Agrícola, Campus de Excelencia Internacional "Campus Mare Nostrum", Escuela Técnica Superior de Ingeniería Agronómica, Universidad Politécnica de Cartagena, Paseo Alfonso XIII 48, 30203 Cartagena, Spain.
authors.forename: Javier
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Maté
authors.affiliation: Dpto. Ingeniería de Alimentos y del Equipamiento Agrícola, Campus de Excelencia Internacional "Campus Mare Nostrum", Escuela Técnica Superior de Ingeniería Agronómica, Universidad Politécnica de Cartagena, Paseo Alfonso XIII 48, 30203 Cartagena, Spain; Instituto de Biotecnología Vegetal, Campus de Excelencia Internacional Regional "Campus Mare Nostrum", Universidad Politécnica de Cartagena, Spain.
authors.forename: Paula M
authors.initials: PM
authors.lastname: Periago
authors.affiliation: Dpto. Ingeniería de Alimentos y del Equipamiento Agrícola, Campus de Excelencia Internacional "Campus Mare Nostrum", Escuela Técnica Superior de Ingeniería Agronómica, Universidad Politécnica de Cartagena, Paseo Alfonso XIII 48, 30203 Cartagena, Spain.
authors.forename: María
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Ros-Chumillas
authors.affiliation: Dpto. Ingeniería de Alimentos y del Equipamiento Agrícola, Campus de Excelencia Internacional "Campus Mare Nostrum", Escuela Técnica Superior de Ingeniería Agronómica, Universidad Politécnica de Cartagena, Paseo Alfonso XIII 48, 30203 Cartagena, Spain.
authors.forename: Coralin
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Grullón
authors.affiliation: Dpto. Ingeniería de Alimentos y del Equipamiento Agrícola, Campus de Excelencia Internacional "Campus Mare Nostrum", Escuela Técnica Superior de Ingeniería Agronómica, Universidad Politécnica de Cartagena, Paseo Alfonso XIII 48, 30203 Cartagena, Spain.
authors.forename: Juan Pablo
authors.initials: JP
authors.lastname: Huertas
authors.affiliation: Dpto. Ingeniería de Alimentos y del Equipamiento Agrícola, Campus de Excelencia Internacional "Campus Mare Nostrum", Escuela Técnica Superior de Ingeniería Agronómica, Universidad Politécnica de Cartagena, Paseo Alfonso XIII 48, 30203 Cartagena, Spain; Instituto de Biotecnología Vegetal, Campus de Excelencia Internacional Regional "Campus Mare Nostrum", Universidad Politécnica de Cartagena, Spain. Electronic address: alfredo.palop@upct.es.
authors.forename: Alfredo
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Palop
mesh_terms: D015169:Colony Count, Microbial; D003470:Culture Media; D053138:Cyclohexenes / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology*; D018552:Daucus carota / Q000382:microbiology; D004041:Dietary Fats; D004043:Dietary Fiber; D004655:Emulsions / Q000494:pharmacology; D005516:Food Microbiology; D005525:Food-Processing Industry / Q000379:methods; D000067030:Fruit and Vegetable Juices / Q000032:analysis / Q000382:microbiology*; D006358:Hot Temperature; D000077222:Limonene; D008089:Listeria monocytogenes / Q000187:drug effects*; D027845:Malus / Q000033:anatomy & histology / Q000382:microbiology; D013729:Terpenes / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology*
chemical_list: D003470:Culture Media; D053138:Cyclohexenes; D004041:Dietary Fats; D004043:Dietary Fiber; D004655:Emulsions; D013729:Terpenes; D000077222:Limonene
keywords: Antimicrobial effect; Heat resistance; Listeria monocytogenes; Nanoemulsions; Synergistic effect; d-limonene