title: Analysis of long noncoding RNA expression in hepatocellular carcinoma of different viral etiology.
abstract: Dysregulation of long noncoding RNA (lncRNA) expression contributes to the pathogenesis of many human diseases, including liver diseases. Several lncRNAs have been reported to play a role in the development of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). However, most studies have analyzed lncRNAs only in hepatitis B virus (HBV)-related HCC or in a single group of HCC patients regardless of the viral etiology.
  
  
  
  To investigate whether lncRNAs are differentially expressed in HCC of different viral etiology, we profiled 101 disease-related lncRNAs, including 25 lncRNAs previously associated with HCC, in liver specimens obtained from well-characterized patients with HBV-, hepatitis C virus (HCV)-, or hepatitis D virus (HDV)-associated HCC.
  
  
  
  We identified eight novel HCC-related lncRNAs that were significantly dysregulated in HCC tissues compared to their surrounding non-tumorous tissues. Some of these lncRNAs were significantly dysregulated predominantly in one specific hepatitis virus-related HCC, including PCAT-29 in HBV-related HCC, aHIF and PAR5 in HCV-related HCC, and Y3 in HDV-related HCC. Among the lncRNAs previously reported in HCC, we found that DBH-AS1, hDREH and hPVT1 were differentially expressed in HCC of different viral etiology.
  
  
  
  Our study suggests that HCC of different viral etiology is regulated by different lncRNAs. The identification of lncRNAs unique to specific hepatitis virus-related HCC may provide new tools for improving the diagnosis of HCC and open new avenues for disease-specific therapeutic interventions.
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Infectious Diseases, Hepatic Pathogenesis Section, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA.|Department of Experimental Medicine and Infectious Diseases, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Nanjing University Medical School, 321 Zhongshan Road, Nanjing, 210008, China.
authors.forename: Quan
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: Department of Transfusion Medicine, Warren G. Magnuson Clinical Center, NIH, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA.
authors.forename: Kentaro
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Matsuura
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Pathology, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA.
authors.forename: David E
authors.initials: DE
authors.lastname: Kleiner
authors.affiliation: Liver Transplantation Center, Brotzu Hospital, Cagliari, Italy.
authors.forename: Fausto
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Zamboni
authors.affiliation: Department of Transfusion Medicine, Warren G. Magnuson Clinical Center, NIH, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA.
authors.forename: Harvey J
authors.initials: HJ
authors.lastname: Alter
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Infectious Diseases, Hepatic Pathogenesis Section, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA. pfarci@niaid.nih.gov.
authors.forename: Patrizia
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Farci
mesh_terms: D006528:Carcinoma, Hepatocellular / Q000235:genetics* / Q000473:pathology / Q000821:virology*; D020869:Gene Expression Profiling; D015972:Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic; D006518:Hepatitis Viruses / Q000502:physiology*; D006801:Humans; D008113:Liver Neoplasms / Q000235:genetics* / Q000473:pathology / Q000821:virology*; D025341:Principal Component Analysis; D062085:RNA, Long Noncoding / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D062085:RNA, Long Noncoding
keywords: Hepatitis B virus; Hepatitis C virus; Hepatitis D virus; Hepatocellular carcinoma; Long noncoding RNA