title: Quantitative assessment of the effectiveness of phase 1 orthodontic treatment using the American Board of Orthodontics Discrepancy Index.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  This retrospective study included a sample of 300 randomly selected patients from the archived records of Saint Louis University's graduate orthodontic clinic, St. Louis, Mo, from 1990 to 2012. The objective of this study was to quantify the changes obtained in phase 1 of orthodontic treatment and determine how much improvement, if any, has occurred before the initiation of the second phase.
  
  
  METHODS
  For the purpose of this study, prephase 1 and prephase 2 records of 300 subjects were gathered. All were measured using the American Board of Ortodontics Discrepancy Index (DI), and a score was given for each phase. The difference of the 2 scores indicated the quantitative change of the complexity of the treatment. Paired t tests were used to compare the scores. Additionally, the sample was categorized into 3 groups according to the Angle classifications, and the same statistics were used to identify significant changes between the 2 scores. Analysis of variance was applied to compare the 3 groups and determine which had the most change. Percentages of change were calculated for the significant scores.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The total DI score overall and the scores of all 3 groups were significantly reduced from before to after phase 1. Overall, 42% improvement was observed. The Class I group showed 49.3% improvement, the Class II group 34.5% and the Class III group 58.5%. Most components of the DI improved significantly, but a few showed negative changes.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Significant reductions of DI scores were observed in the total sample and in all Angle classification groups. This indicates that early treatment reduces the complexity of the malocclusions. Only 2 components of the DI showed statistically significant negative changes.
authors.affiliation: Orthodontic resident, Department of Orthodontics, Saint Louis University, St. Louis, Mo. Electronic address: nvasilak@slu.edu.
authors.forename: Nefeli
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Vasilakou
authors.affiliation: Professor, Department of Orthodontics, Saint Louis University, St. Louis, Mo.
authors.forename: Eustaquio A
authors.initials: EA
authors.lastname: Araujo
authors.affiliation: Associate professor, Department of Orthodontics, Saint Louis University, St. Louis, Mo.
authors.forename: Ki Beom
authors.initials: KB
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.affiliation: Associate clinical professor, Department of Orthodontics, Saint Louis University, St. Louis, Mo.
authors.forename: Donald R
authors.initials: DR
authors.lastname: Oliver
mesh_terms: D006801:Humans; D008310:Malocclusion / Q000628:therapy*; D008311:Malocclusion, Angle Class I / Q000628:therapy; D008312:Malocclusion, Angle Class II / Q000628:therapy; D009970:Orthodontics / Q000592:standards*; D009971:Orthodontics, Corrective / Q000592:standards*; D012953:Societies, Dental / Q000592:standards*; D016896:Treatment Outcome