title: Plasma-Lyte 148: A clinical review.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To outline the physiochemical properties and specific clinical uses of Plasma-Lyte 148 as choice of solution for fluid intervention in critical illness, surgery and perioperative medicine.
  
  
  METHODS
  We performed an electronic literature search from Medline and PubMed (viaOvid), anesthesia and pharmacology textbooks, and online sources including studies that compared Plasma-Lyte 148 to other crystalloid solutions. The following keywords were used: "surgery", "anaesthesia", "anesthesia", "anesthesiology", "anaesthesiology", "fluids", "fluid therapy", "crystalloid", "saline", "plasma-Lyte", "plasmalyte", "hartmann's", "ringers" "acetate", "gluconate", "malate", "lactate". All relevant articles were accessed in full. We summarized the data and reported the data in tables and text.
  
  
  RESULTS
  We retrieved 104 articles relevant to the choice of Plasma-Lyte 148 for fluid intervention in critical illness, surgery and perioperative medicine. We analyzed the data and reported the results in tables and text.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Plasma-Lyte 148 is an isotonic, buffered intravenous crystalloid solution with a physiochemical composition that closely reflects human plasma. Emerging data supports the use of buffered crystalloid solutions in preference to saline in improving physicochemical outcomes. Further large randomized controlled trials assessing the comparative effectiveness of Plasma-Lyte 148 and other crystalloid solutions in measuring clinically important outcomes such as morbidity and mortality are needed.
authors.affiliation: Laurence Weinberg, Department of Surgery, Perioperative Pain Medicine Unit, University of Melbourne, Victoria 3084, Australia.
authors.forename: Laurence
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Weinberg
authors.affiliation: Laurence Weinberg, Department of Surgery, Perioperative Pain Medicine Unit, University of Melbourne, Victoria 3084, Australia.
authors.forename: Neil
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Collins
authors.affiliation: Laurence Weinberg, Department of Surgery, Perioperative Pain Medicine Unit, University of Melbourne, Victoria 3084, Australia.
authors.forename: Kiara
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Van Mourik
authors.affiliation: Laurence Weinberg, Department of Surgery, Perioperative Pain Medicine Unit, University of Melbourne, Victoria 3084, Australia.
authors.forename: Chong
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Tan
authors.affiliation: Laurence Weinberg, Department of Surgery, Perioperative Pain Medicine Unit, University of Melbourne, Victoria 3084, Australia.
authors.forename: Rinaldo
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Bellomo
keywords: Acetate; Anesthesia; Crystalloids; Fluid therapy; Gluconate; Hartmann’s; Lactate; Plasma-Lyte; Ringers; Saline; Surgery