title: Twenty-Year Outcome After Mitral Repair Versus Replacement for Severe Degenerative Mitral Regurgitation: Analysis of a Large, Prospective, Multicenter, International Registry.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Mitral valve (MV) repair is preferred over replacement in clinical guidelines and is an important determinant of the indication for surgery in degenerative mitral regurgitation. However, the level of evidence supporting current recommendations is low, and recent data cast doubts on its validity in the current era. Accordingly, the aim of the present study was to analyze very long-term outcome after MV repair and replacement for degenerative mitral regurgitation with a flail leaflet.
  
  
  METHODS
  MIDA (Mitral Regurgitation International Database) is a multicenter registry enrolling patients with degenerative mitral regurgitation with a flail leaflet in 6 tertiary European and US centers. We analyzed the outcome after MV repair (n=1709) and replacement (n=213) overall, by propensity score matching, and by inverse probability-of-treatment weighting.
  
  
  RESULTS
  At baseline, patients undergoing MV repair were younger, had more comorbidities, and were more likely to present with a posterior leaflet prolapse than those undergoing MV replacement. After propensity score matching and inverse probability-of-treatment weighting, the 2 treatments groups were balanced, and absolute standardized differences were usually <10%, indicating adequate match. Operative mortality (defined as a death occurring within 30 days from surgery or during the same hospitalization) was lower after MV repair than after replacement in both the entire population (1.3% versus 4.7%; P<0.001) and the propensity-matched population (0.2% versus 4.4%; P<0.001). During a mean follow-up of 9.2 years, 552 deaths were observed, of which 207 were of cardiovascular origin. Twenty-year survival was better after MV repair than after MV replacement in both the entire population (46% versus 23%; P<0.001) and the matched population (41% versus 24%; P<0.001). Similar superiority of MV repair was obtained in patient subsets on the basis of age, sex, or any stratification criteria (all P<0.001). MV repair was also associated with reduced incidence of reoperations and valve-related complications.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Among patients with degenerative mitral regurgitation with a flail leaflet referred to mitral surgery, MV repair was associated with lower operative mortality, better long-term survival, and fewer valve-related complications compared with MV replacement.
authors.affiliation: From Université Catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium (S.L., J.-L.V., C.d.M., A.P.); Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, MN (H.I.M., M.H., J.M., M.-A.C., M.E.-S.); University of Bologna, Italy (F.G., A.R.); Inserm, ERI-12, University Hospital, Amiens, France (C.T., D.R., C.S.); Aix-Marseille Université, Marseille, France (J.-F.A.); University of Modena, Italy (A.B.); and Cleveland Clinic, Department of Thoracic and Cardiac Surgery, OH (R.M.S.).
authors.forename: Siham
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Lazam
authors.affiliation: From Université Catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium (S.L., J.-L.V., C.d.M., A.P.); Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, MN (H.I.M., M.H., J.M., M.-A.C., M.E.-S.); University of Bologna, Italy (F.G., A.R.); Inserm, ERI-12, University Hospital, Amiens, France (C.T., D.R., C.S.); Aix-Marseille Université, Marseille, France (J.-F.A.); University of Modena, Italy (A.B.); and Cleveland Clinic, Department of Thoracic and Cardiac Surgery, OH (R.M.S.). jean-louis.vanoverschelde@uclouvain.be.
authors.forename: Jean-Louis
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: Vanoverschelde
authors.affiliation: From Université Catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium (S.L., J.-L.V., C.d.M., A.P.); Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, MN (H.I.M., M.H., J.M., M.-A.C., M.E.-S.); University of Bologna, Italy (F.G., A.R.); Inserm, ERI-12, University Hospital, Amiens, France (C.T., D.R., C.S.); Aix-Marseille Université, Marseille, France (J.-F.A.); University of Modena, Italy (A.B.); and Cleveland Clinic, Department of Thoracic and Cardiac Surgery, OH (R.M.S.).
authors.forename: Christophe
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Tribouilloy
authors.affiliation: From Université Catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium (S.L., J.-L.V., C.d.M., A.P.); Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, MN (H.I.M., M.H., J.M., M.-A.C., M.E.-S.); University of Bologna, Italy (F.G., A.R.); Inserm, ERI-12, University Hospital, Amiens, France (C.T., D.R., C.S.); Aix-Marseille Université, Marseille, France (J.-F.A.); University of Modena, Italy (A.B.); and Cleveland Clinic, Department of Thoracic and Cardiac Surgery, OH (R.M.S.).
authors.forename: Francesco
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Grigioni
authors.affiliation: From Université Catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium (S.L., J.-L.V., C.d.M., A.P.); Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, MN (H.I.M., M.H., J.M., M.-A.C., M.E.-S.); University of Bologna, Italy (F.G., A.R.); Inserm, ERI-12, University Hospital, Amiens, France (C.T., D.R., C.S.); Aix-Marseille Université, Marseille, France (J.-F.A.); University of Modena, Italy (A.B.); and Cleveland Clinic, Department of Thoracic and Cardiac Surgery, OH (R.M.S.).
authors.forename: Rakesh M
authors.initials: RM
authors.lastname: Suri
authors.affiliation: From Université Catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium (S.L., J.-L.V., C.d.M., A.P.); Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, MN (H.I.M., M.H., J.M., M.-A.C., M.E.-S.); University of Bologna, Italy (F.G., A.R.); Inserm, ERI-12, University Hospital, Amiens, France (C.T., D.R., C.S.); Aix-Marseille Université, Marseille, France (J.-F.A.); University of Modena, Italy (A.B.); and Cleveland Clinic, Department of Thoracic and Cardiac Surgery, OH (R.M.S.).
authors.forename: Jean-Francois
authors.initials: JF
authors.lastname: Avierinos
authors.affiliation: From Université Catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium (S.L., J.-L.V., C.d.M., A.P.); Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, MN (H.I.M., M.H., J.M., M.-A.C., M.E.-S.); University of Bologna, Italy (F.G., A.R.); Inserm, ERI-12, University Hospital, Amiens, France (C.T., D.R., C.S.); Aix-Marseille Université, Marseille, France (J.-F.A.); University of Modena, Italy (A.B.); and Cleveland Clinic, Department of Thoracic and Cardiac Surgery, OH (R.M.S.).
authors.forename: Christophe
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: de Meester
authors.affiliation: From Université Catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium (S.L., J.-L.V., C.d.M., A.P.); Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, MN (H.I.M., M.H., J.M., M.-A.C., M.E.-S.); University of Bologna, Italy (F.G., A.R.); Inserm, ERI-12, University Hospital, Amiens, France (C.T., D.R., C.S.); Aix-Marseille Université, Marseille, France (J.-F.A.); University of Modena, Italy (A.B.); and Cleveland Clinic, Department of Thoracic and Cardiac Surgery, OH (R.M.S.).
authors.forename: Andrea
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Barbieri
authors.affiliation: From Université Catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium (S.L., J.-L.V., C.d.M., A.P.); Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, MN (H.I.M., M.H., J.M., M.-A.C., M.E.-S.); University of Bologna, Italy (F.G., A.R.); Inserm, ERI-12, University Hospital, Amiens, France (C.T., D.R., C.S.); Aix-Marseille Université, Marseille, France (J.-F.A.); University of Modena, Italy (A.B.); and Cleveland Clinic, Department of Thoracic and Cardiac Surgery, OH (R.M.S.).
authors.forename: Dan
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Rusinaru
authors.affiliation: From Université Catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium (S.L., J.-L.V., C.d.M., A.P.); Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, MN (H.I.M., M.H., J.M., M.-A.C., M.E.-S.); University of Bologna, Italy (F.G., A.R.); Inserm, ERI-12, University Hospital, Amiens, France (C.T., D.R., C.S.); Aix-Marseille Université, Marseille, France (J.-F.A.); University of Modena, Italy (A.B.); and Cleveland Clinic, Department of Thoracic and Cardiac Surgery, OH (R.M.S.).
authors.forename: Antonio
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Russo
authors.affiliation: From Université Catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium (S.L., J.-L.V., C.d.M., A.P.); Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, MN (H.I.M., M.H., J.M., M.-A.C., M.E.-S.); University of Bologna, Italy (F.G., A.R.); Inserm, ERI-12, University Hospital, Amiens, France (C.T., D.R., C.S.); Aix-Marseille Université, Marseille, France (J.-F.A.); University of Modena, Italy (A.B.); and Cleveland Clinic, Department of Thoracic and Cardiac Surgery, OH (R.M.S.).
authors.forename: Agnès
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Pasquet
authors.affiliation: From Université Catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium (S.L., J.-L.V., C.d.M., A.P.); Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, MN (H.I.M., M.H., J.M., M.-A.C., M.E.-S.); University of Bologna, Italy (F.G., A.R.); Inserm, ERI-12, University Hospital, Amiens, France (C.T., D.R., C.S.); Aix-Marseille Université, Marseille, France (J.-F.A.); University of Modena, Italy (A.B.); and Cleveland Clinic, Department of Thoracic and Cardiac Surgery, OH (R.M.S.).
authors.forename: Hector I
authors.initials: HI
authors.lastname: Michelena
authors.affiliation: From Université Catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium (S.L., J.-L.V., C.d.M., A.P.); Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, MN (H.I.M., M.H., J.M., M.-A.C., M.E.-S.); University of Bologna, Italy (F.G., A.R.); Inserm, ERI-12, University Hospital, Amiens, France (C.T., D.R., C.S.); Aix-Marseille Université, Marseille, France (J.-F.A.); University of Modena, Italy (A.B.); and Cleveland Clinic, Department of Thoracic and Cardiac Surgery, OH (R.M.S.).
authors.forename: Marianne
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Huebner
authors.affiliation: From Université Catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium (S.L., J.-L.V., C.d.M., A.P.); Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, MN (H.I.M., M.H., J.M., M.-A.C., M.E.-S.); University of Bologna, Italy (F.G., A.R.); Inserm, ERI-12, University Hospital, Amiens, France (C.T., D.R., C.S.); Aix-Marseille Université, Marseille, France (J.-F.A.); University of Modena, Italy (A.B.); and Cleveland Clinic, Department of Thoracic and Cardiac Surgery, OH (R.M.S.).
authors.forename: Joseph
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Maalouf
authors.affiliation: From Université Catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium (S.L., J.-L.V., C.d.M., A.P.); Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, MN (H.I.M., M.H., J.M., M.-A.C., M.E.-S.); University of Bologna, Italy (F.G., A.R.); Inserm, ERI-12, University Hospital, Amiens, France (C.T., D.R., C.S.); Aix-Marseille Université, Marseille, France (J.-F.A.); University of Modena, Italy (A.B.); and Cleveland Clinic, Department of Thoracic and Cardiac Surgery, OH (R.M.S.).
authors.forename: Marie-Annick
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Clavel
authors.affiliation: From Université Catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium (S.L., J.-L.V., C.d.M., A.P.); Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, MN (H.I.M., M.H., J.M., M.-A.C., M.E.-S.); University of Bologna, Italy (F.G., A.R.); Inserm, ERI-12, University Hospital, Amiens, France (C.T., D.R., C.S.); Aix-Marseille Université, Marseille, France (J.-F.A.); University of Modena, Italy (A.B.); and Cleveland Clinic, Department of Thoracic and Cardiac Surgery, OH (R.M.S.).
authors.forename: Catherine
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Szymanski
authors.affiliation: From Université Catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium (S.L., J.-L.V., C.d.M., A.P.); Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, MN (H.I.M., M.H., J.M., M.-A.C., M.E.-S.); University of Bologna, Italy (F.G., A.R.); Inserm, ERI-12, University Hospital, Amiens, France (C.T., D.R., C.S.); Aix-Marseille Université, Marseille, France (J.-F.A.); University of Modena, Italy (A.B.); and Cleveland Clinic, Department of Thoracic and Cardiac Surgery, OH (R.M.S.).
authors.forename: Maurice
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Enriquez-Sarano
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D006348:Cardiac Surgical Procedures / Q000379:methods* / Q000401:mortality; D004452:Echocardiography / Q000379:methods*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008944:Mitral Valve Insufficiency / Q000401:mortality / Q000601:surgery*; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012042:Registries; D016019:Survival Analysis; D013997:Time Factors; D016896:Treatment Outcome
keywords: mitral valve; mitral valve insufficiency