title: The oil-contaminated soil diazotroph Azoarcus olearius DQS-4Tis genetically and phenotypically similar to the model grass endophyte Azoarcus sp. BH72.
abstract: The genome of Azoarcus olearius DQS-4T, a N2-fixing Betaproteobacterium isolated from oil-contaminated soil in Taiwan, was sequenced and compared with other Azoarcus strains. The genome sequence showed high synteny with Azoarcus sp. BH72, a model endophytic diazotroph, but low synteny with five non-plant-associated strains (Azoarcus CIB, Azoarcus EBN1, Azoarcus KH32C, A. toluclasticus MF63Tand Azoarcus PA01). Average Nucleotide Identity (ANI) revealed that DQS-4Tshares 98.98% identity with Azoarcus BH72, which should now be included in the species A. olearius. The genome of DQS-4Tcontained several genes related to plant colonization and plant growth promotion, such as nitrogen fixation, plant adhesion and root surface colonization. In accordance with the presence of these genes, DQS-4Tcolonized rice (Oryza sativa) and Setaria viridis, where it was observed within the intercellular spaces and aerenchyma mainly of the roots. Although they promote the growth of grasses, the mechanism(s) of plant growth promotion by A. olearius strains is unknown, as the genomes of DQS-4Tand BH72 do not contain genes for indole acetic acid (IAA) synthesis nor phosphate solubilization. In spite of its original source, both the genome and behaviour of DQS-4Tsuggest that it has the capacity to be an endophytic, nitrogen-fixing plant growth-promoting bacterium.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Universidade Federal do Parana, Curitiba, Parana, 81531-980, Brazil.|Laboratory of Gene Expression Regulation, Instituto Carlos Chagas, Fiocruz-PR, Curitiba, Paraná, 81350-010, Brazil.
authors.forename: Helisson
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Faoro
authors.affiliation: Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Universidade Federal do Parana, Curitiba, Parana, 81531-980, Brazil.
authors.forename: Rodrigo
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Rene Menegazzo
authors.affiliation: Department of Microbial Biochemistry and Genomics, Instituto de Investigaciones Biológicas Clemente Estable (IIBCE), Montevideo, 11600, Uruguay.
authors.forename: Federico
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Battistoni
authors.affiliation: Department of Biological Sciences, University of Wisconsin - Milwaukee, WI, 53211, USA.
authors.forename: Prasad
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Gyaneshwar
authors.affiliation: Division of Plant Science and Biochemistry, C. S. Bond Life Science Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, 65211, USA.
authors.forename: Fernanda P
authors.initials: FP
authors.lastname: do Amaral
authors.affiliation: Department of Microbial Biochemistry and Genomics, Instituto de Investigaciones Biológicas Clemente Estable (IIBCE), Montevideo, 11600, Uruguay.
authors.forename: Cecilia
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Taulé
authors.affiliation: Department of Biological Sciences, University of Wisconsin - Milwaukee, WI, 53211, USA.
authors.forename: Sydnee
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Rausch
authors.affiliation: Embrapa Agrobiologia, Seropédica, Rio de Janeiro, 23891-000, Brazil.
authors.forename: Patricia
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Gonçalves Galvão
authors.affiliation: Department of Microbial Biochemistry and Genomics, Instituto de Investigaciones Biológicas Clemente Estable (IIBCE), Montevideo, 11600, Uruguay.
authors.forename: Cecilia
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: de Los Santos
authors.affiliation: Department of Biological Sciences, University of Wisconsin - Milwaukee, WI, 53211, USA.
authors.forename: Shubhajit
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Mitra
authors.affiliation: Department of Microbial Biochemistry and Genomics, Instituto de Investigaciones Biológicas Clemente Estable (IIBCE), Montevideo, 11600, Uruguay.
authors.forename: Gabriela
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Heijo
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Microbiology, Department of Seafood Science, National Kaohsiung Marine University, Kaohsiung City, 811, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Shih-Yi
authors.initials: SY
authors.lastname: Sheu
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Microbiology, Department of Seafood Science, National Kaohsiung Marine University, Kaohsiung City, 811, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Wen-Ming
authors.initials: WM
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.affiliation: Department of Microbial Biochemistry and Genomics, Instituto de Investigaciones Biológicas Clemente Estable (IIBCE), Montevideo, 11600, Uruguay.
authors.forename: Cintia
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Mareque
authors.affiliation: Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Universidade Federal do Parana, Curitiba, Parana, 81531-980, Brazil.
authors.forename: Michelle
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Zibetti Tadra-Sfeir
authors.affiliation: Embrapa Agrobiologia, Seropédica, Rio de Janeiro, 23891-000, Brazil.
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Ivo Baldani
authors.affiliation: The James Hutton Institute, Invergowrie, Dundee, DD2 5DA, UK.
authors.forename: Marta
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Maluk
authors.affiliation: Embrapa Agrobiologia, Seropédica, Rio de Janeiro, 23891-000, Brazil.
authors.forename: Ana
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Paula Guimarães
authors.affiliation: Division of Plant Science and Biochemistry, C. S. Bond Life Science Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, 65211, USA.
authors.forename: Gary
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Stacey
authors.affiliation: Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Universidade Federal do Parana, Curitiba, Parana, 81531-980, Brazil.
authors.forename: Emanuel M
authors.initials: EM
authors.lastname: de Souza
authors.affiliation: Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Universidade Federal do Parana, Curitiba, Parana, 81531-980, Brazil.
authors.forename: Fabio O
authors.initials: FO
authors.lastname: Pedrosa
authors.affiliation: Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Universidade Federal do Parana, Curitiba, Parana, 81531-980, Brazil.
authors.forename: Leonardo
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Magalhães Cruz
authors.affiliation: The James Hutton Institute, Invergowrie, Dundee, DD2 5DA, UK.
authors.forename: Euan K
authors.initials: EK
authors.lastname: James
mesh_terms: D020627:Azoarcus / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism*; D001483:Base Sequence; D060026:Endophytes / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism; D015964:Gene Expression Regulation, Bacterial; D016680:Genome, Bacterial / Q000235:genetics*; D007501:Iron / Q000378:metabolism; D009586:Nitrogen Fixation / Q000502:physiology; D012275:Oryza / Q000254:growth & development* / Q000382:microbiology; D017422:Sequence Analysis, DNA; D032983:Setaria Plant / Q000254:growth & development* / Q000382:microbiology; D012988:Soil Microbiology; D013455:Sulfur / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D013455:Sulfur; D007501:Iron