title: Identification of a Remodeled Neo-tendon After Arthroscopic Latarjet Procedure.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To macroscopically, histologically, and radiologically describe a time-dependent remodeling process of a neo-tendon or -ligament in the shoulder after the arthroscopic Latarjet procedure.
  
  
  METHODS
  During follow-up surgery after the arthroscopic Latarjet procedure, 17 shoulders in 16 patients were evaluated for a remodeled tendon-like structure. The mean overall follow-up period was 27.4 months. The mean time between the arthroscopic Latarjet procedure and revision was 11.6 months. All shoulders were evaluated with magnetic resonance imaging, and seven histologic specimens were obtained during revision surgery.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A distinct, oriented strand of tissue was found in 16 of 17 shoulders on revision surgery. Postoperative magnetic resonance imaging analyses showed a signal-free, longitudinal tendon-like structure originating at the tip of the acromion, traversing the space of the former subcoracoid bursa to attach in the course of the transposed conjoint tendon or the proximal short head of the biceps. Histologic analysis of seven specimens showed a characteristic timeline of remodeling.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  A tendon- or ligament-like structure is remodeled between the anterior bottom tip of the acromion and the transposed coracoid process in a time-dependent manner after the arthroscopic Latarjet procedure.
  
  
  METHODS
  Level IV, therapeutic case series.
authors.affiliation: Etzelclinic, Pfäffikon, Switzerland; Krankenhaus der Barmherzigen Schwestern, Vienna, Austria. Electronic address: daniel.smolen@icloud.com.
authors.forename: Daniel
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Smolen
authors.affiliation: Pathologieinstitut Enge, Zurich, Switzerland.
authors.forename: Philip
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Went
authors.affiliation: Schmerz und Osteoporosezentrum, Pfäffikon, Switzerland.
authors.forename: Dirk
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Tomala
authors.affiliation: Etzelclinic, Pfäffikon, Switzerland.
authors.forename: Christoph
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Sternberg
authors.affiliation: Clinique Générale, Annecy, France.
authors.forename: Laurent
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Lafosse
authors.affiliation: Etzelclinic, Pfäffikon, Switzerland.
authors.forename: Jan
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Leuzinger
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D001182:Arthroscopy / Q000379:methods*; D000070597:Coracoid Process / Q000637:transplantation; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D007593:Joint Instability / Q000601:surgery; D008297:Male; D012038:Regeneration; D012086:Reoperation; D012783:Shoulder Dislocation / Q000601:surgery; D012785:Shoulder Joint / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000601:surgery*; D013710:Tendons / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000502:physiology*; D055815:Young Adult