title: Can Sluggish Cognitive Tempo Be Distinguished From ADHD Inattention in Very Young Children? Evidence From a Sample of Korean Preschool Children.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  This study evaluated whether sluggish cognitive tempo (SCT) is separable from ADHD-inattention (IN) and uniquely associated with internalizing dimensions in preschool children in South Korea.
  
  
  METHODS
  Mothers of 172 preschool children (ages 4-6 years; 52% girls) rated children's SCT, ADHD-IN, ADHD-hyperactivity/impulsivity (HI), oppositional defiant disorder (ODD), aggression, emotional reactivity, anxiety/depression, somatic complaints, withdrawal, and sleep problems.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Eight of 10 SCT symptoms showed convergent and discriminant validity with ADHD-IN. ADHD-IN remained significantly positively associated with ADHD-HI, ODD, and aggressive behavior after controlling for SCT, whereas SCT was no longer positively associated with these externalizing behaviors after controlling for ADHD-IN. Both SCT and ADHD-IN were uniquely associated with greater emotionally reactivity, anxiety/depression, and withdrawal. Only SCT was uniquely associated with somatic complaints, and only ADHD-IN was uniquely associated with sleep problems.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Findings replicate results with children and adolescents, thus expanding evidence for the validity of SCT in early development.
authors.affiliation: 1 Sookmyung Women's University, Seoul, South Korea.
authors.forename: SoYean
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.affiliation: 2 Washington State University, Pullman, WA, USA.
authors.forename: G Leonard
authors.initials: GL
authors.lastname: Burns
authors.affiliation: 3 Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA.
authors.forename: Stephen P
authors.initials: SP
authors.lastname: Becker
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000374:Aggression; D001008:Anxiety Disorders / Q000523:psychology; D001288:Attention / Q000502:physiology*; D001289:Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000523:psychology; D019958:Attention Deficit and Disruptive Behavior Disorders / Q000175:diagnosis; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D003072:Cognition Disorders / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000523:psychology; D003866:Depressive Disorder / Q000523:psychology; D003937:Diagnosis, Differential; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D006948:Hyperkinesis / Q000175:diagnosis; D007175:Impulsive Behavior; D008297:Male; D009035:Mothers; D056910:Republic of Korea
keywords: ADHD; South Korea; attention problems; preschool children; sluggish cognitive tempo