title: Violence narratives of Mexican women treated in mutual-aid residential centers for addiction treatment.
abstract: Violence against women is a social and public health issue in Mexico. The aim of this article is to explore violence among an understudied group of women, who attended Mutual-Aid Residential Centers for Addiction Treatment and experienced stigma both as women and addicts. These centers are particular kind of addiction treatment services that stem from 12-step philosophy, but that have been found to manipulate said philosophy and exercise extreme forms of psychological and physical violence.
  
  
  
  Thirteen semi-structured interviews were carried in 2014 and 2015 out with women who resided in at least one of these centers to understand their experiences of violence prior and during their rehabilitation process. The interview guide covered questions regarding substance use initiations, family violence and dynamics, and rehabilitation experiences. Qualitative data was analyzed using interpretative-phenomenological analysis.
  
  
  
  Two categories emerged: violence and substance use and abuse, and violence against women in recovery. Results show that all participants experienced violence in their family since childhood, particularly sexual and physical violence. As a result, participants experienced guilt, sadness and shame, which led them to contexts of consumption. Violence continued as they explored alcohol and drug use, even though women felt empowered.
  
  
  
  Treatment reproduced masculine violence constantly, but women felt that they were in a context that helped them understand their addiction. Even though women felt these centers played a crucial role in their recovery, women's particular needs and experiences are not considered in the treatment program.
authors.affiliation: Universidad Pedagógica Nacional, Ciudad de México, Mexico.
authors.forename: Ignacio
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Lozano-Verduzco
authors.affiliation: Calz. Instituto Nacional de Psiquiatría Ramón de la Fuente Muñiz, Calz. México-Xochimilco 101, Tlalpan, Huipulco, 14370, Ciudad de México, Mexico.
authors.forename: Martha
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Romero-Mendoza
authors.affiliation: Calz. Instituto Nacional de Psiquiatría Ramón de la Fuente Muñiz, Calz. México-Xochimilco 101, Tlalpan, Huipulco, 14370, Ciudad de México, Mexico. rmarin@imp.edu.mx.|Universidad Iberoamericana, Ciudad de México, Mexico. rmarin@imp.edu.mx.
authors.forename: Rodrigo
authors.identifier: 0000-0002-6084-8199
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Marín-Navarrete
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D018585:Battered Women / Q000523:psychology*; D016739:Behavior, Addictive / Q000628:therapy*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008800:Mexico / Q000208:ethnology; D008875:Middle Aged; D033262:Narration; D036301:Qualitative Research; D012114:Residential Treatment; D014754:Violence; D055815:Young Adult
keywords: Addiction; Addiction treatment; Alcohol and drug abuse; Gender; Violence