title: Antitumor effects and mechanisms ofGanodermaextracts and spores oil.
abstract: Ganoderma lucidumis a popular herbal medicine used in China to promote health. Modern studies have disclosed that the active ingredients ofGanodermacan exhibit several effects, including antitumor effects and immunomodulation. The present study evaluated the antitumor effects of self-preparedGanodermaextracts and spores oil, and investigated the possible underlying mechanisms by observing the effects of the extracts and oil on topoisomerases and the cell cycle. The results showed thatGanodermaextracts and spores oil presented dose-dependent inhibitory effects on tumor cells. The half maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50) values ofGanodermaextracts on HL60, K562 and SGC-7901 cells for 24 h were 0.44, 0.39 and 0.90 mg/ml, respectively; forGanodermaspores oil, the IC50values were 1.13, 2.27 and 6.29 mg/ml, respectively. In thein vivostudy, the inhibitory rates ofGanodermaextracts (4 g/kg/d, intragastrically) on S180 and H22 cells were 39.1 and 44.6%, respectively, and forGanodermaspores oil (1.2 g/kg/d, intragastrically) the inhibitory rates were 30.9 and 44.9%, respectively.Ganodermaextracts and spores oil inhibited the activities of topoisomerase I and II.Ganodermaspores oil was shown block the cell cycle at the transition between the G1 and S phases and induce a marked decrease in cyclin D1 levels in K562 cells, with no significant change in cyclin E level. These results suggest that theGanodermaextracts and spores oil possessed antitumor effects in thein vitroandin vivostudies. The antitumor mechanisms of the extracts and spores oil were associated with inhibitory effects on topoisomerase I and II activities, and forGanodermaspores oil, the antitumor effects may also be associated with decreased cyclin D1 levels, thus inducing G1 arrest in the cell cycle.
authors.affiliation: School of Pharmacy, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350108, P.R. China; Fujian Key Laboratory of Natural Medicine Pharmacology, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350108, P.R. China.
authors.forename: Chun
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.affiliation: School of Pharmacy, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350108, P.R. China; Fujian Key Laboratory of Natural Medicine Pharmacology, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350108, P.R. China.
authors.forename: Peng
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: Fujian Xianzhilou Biological Science and Technology Co., Ltd, Fuzhou, Fujian 350001, P.R. China.
authors.forename: Ye
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: Systems Biology Laboratory, Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721, USA.
authors.forename: Guan
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Yao
authors.affiliation: School of Pharmacy, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350108, P.R. China; Fujian Key Laboratory of Natural Medicine Pharmacology, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350108, P.R. China.
authors.forename: Jian-Hua
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Xu
keywords: Ganoderma extracts; Ganoderma spores oil; cell cycle; cyclin D1; topoisomerase I and II; tumor