title: Factors influencing new graduate nurse burnout development, job satisfaction and patient care quality: a time-lagged study.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To test a hypothesized model linking new graduate nurses' perceptions of their manager's authentic leadership behaviours to structural empowerment, short-staffing and work-life interference and subsequent burnout, job satisfaction and patient care quality.
  
  
  BACKGROUND
  Authentic leadership and structural empowerment have been shown to reduce early career burnout among nurses. Short-staffing and work-life interference are also linked to burnout and may help explain the impact of positive, empowering leadership on burnout, which in turn influences job satisfaction and patient care quality.
  
  
  METHODS
  A time-lagged study of Canadian new graduate nurses was conducted.
  
  
  METHODS
  At Time 1, surveys were sent to 3,743 nurses (November 2012-March 2013) and 1,020 were returned (27·3% response rate). At Time 2 (May-July 2014), 406 nurses who responded at Time 1 completed surveys (39·8% response rate). Descriptive analysis was conducted in SPSS. Structural equation modelling in Mplus was used to test the hypothesized model.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The hypothesized model was supported. Authentic leadership had a significant positive effect on structural empowerment, which in turn decreased both short-staffing and work-life interference. Short-staffing and work-life imbalance subsequently resulted in nurse burnout, lower job satisfaction and lower patient care quality 1 year later.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The findings suggest that short-staffing and work-life interference are important factors influencing new graduate nurse burnout. Developing nurse managers' authentic leadership behaviours and working with them to create and sustain empowering work environments may help reduce burnout, increase nurse job satisfaction and improve patient care quality.
authors.affiliation: Arthur Labatt Family School of Nursing, The University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada.
authors.forename: Sheila A
authors.identifier: http://orcid.org/0000-0001-6459-4416
authors.initials: SA
authors.lastname: Boamah
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Nursing, The University of New Brunswick, Fredericton, New Brunswick, Canada.
authors.forename: Emily A
authors.identifier: http://orcid.org/0000-0002-5023-5559
authors.initials: EA
authors.lastname: Read
authors.affiliation: Arthur Labatt Family School of Nursing, The University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada.
authors.forename: Heather K
authors.initials: HK
authors.lastname: Spence Laschinger
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D002055:Burnout, Professional / Q000209:etiology*; D002170:Canada; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007588:Job Satisfaction; D008297:Male; D009726:Nurses / Q000523:psychology*; D010561:Personnel Staffing and Scheduling; D011209:Power, Psychological; D011787:Quality of Health Care; D017132:Workplace / Q000523:psychology
keywords: authentic leadership; burnout; job satisfaction; new graduate nurses; nursing; patient care quality; short staffing; structural empowerment; work-life interference