title: Comparisons of dietary intake in Japanese with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease and type 2 diabetes mellitus.
abstract: Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a multifactorial disease that involves a complex interaction between genetics, diet, and lifestyle, all of which combine to form the NAFLD phenotype. In Japan, medical nutrition therapy for NAFLD has not yet been established, so NAFLD patients are instructed in the dietary modifications used for type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Because points of difference may exist in the effects of dietary choices on NAFLD and T2DM, the present study aimed to compare and assess the dietary intake of Japanese individuals with NAFLD and T2DM. This cross-sectional study involved 219 patients (77 NAFLD subjects; 33 males, 44 females; 142 T2DM subjects: 76 males, 66 females) aged 40-79 years. Dietary intake was assessed using a validated self-administered diet history questionnaire. Among the results, the most notable in NAFLD patients relative to T2DM patients were: 1) the low intake of vegetables that can reduce the overall energy density; 2) the high consumption of fruits and confectionery containing simple carbohydrates such as fructose; and 3) BMI may be higher. We demonstrated differences in dietary selection between the two groups. NAFLD patients were more likely to have dietary habits that promote fat accumulation in the body.
authors.affiliation: Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Kyoto Prefectural University, Shimogamo, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8522, Japan.
authors.forename: Yukiko
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Kobayashi
authors.affiliation: Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Kyoto Prefectural University, Shimogamo, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8522, Japan.
authors.forename: Hina
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Tatsumi
authors.affiliation: Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Kyoto Prefectural University, Shimogamo, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8522, Japan.
authors.forename: Mikako
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Hattori
authors.affiliation: Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Kyoto Prefectural University, Shimogamo, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8522, Japan.
authors.forename: Hiroki
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Sugiyama
authors.affiliation: Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Kyoto Prefectural University, Shimogamo, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8522, Japan.
authors.forename: Sayori
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Wada
authors.affiliation: Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Kyoto Prefectural University, Shimogamo, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8522, Japan.
authors.forename: Masashi
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kuwahata
authors.affiliation: Department of Gastroentroerology and Hepatology, Nara City Hospital, Higashikidera-cho, Nara 630-8305, Japan.
authors.forename: Saiyu
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Tanaka
authors.affiliation: Department of Gastroentroerology and Hepatology, Nara City Hospital, Higashikidera-cho, Nara 630-8305, Japan.
authors.forename: Kazuyuki
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Kanemasa
authors.affiliation: Molecular Gastroentroerology and Hepatology, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kajii-cho, Kamigyo, Kyoto 602-8566, Japan.
authors.forename: Yoshio
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Sumida
authors.affiliation: Molecular Gastroentroerology and Hepatology, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kajii-cho, Kamigyo, Kyoto 602-8566, Japan.
authors.forename: Yuji
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Naito
authors.affiliation: Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kajii-cho, Kamigyo-ku, Kyoto 602-8566, Japan.
authors.forename: Michiaki
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Fukui
authors.affiliation: Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Kyoto Prefectural University, Shimogamo, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8522, Japan.
authors.forename: Yasuhiro
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Kido
keywords: diabetes mellitus; dietary habits; dietary intake; fructose; non-alcoholic fatty liver disease; vegetables