title: Enhanced dietary formulation to mitigate winter thermal stress in gilthead sea bream (Sparus aurata): a 2D-DIGE plasma proteome study.
abstract: Low water temperatures during winter are common in farming of gilthead sea bream in the Mediterranean. This causes metabolic disorders that in extreme cases can lead to a syndrome called "winter disease." An improved immunostimulatory nutritional status might mitigate the effects of this thermal metabolic stress. A trial was set up to assess the effects of two different diets on gilthead sea bream physiology and nutritional state through plasma proteome and metabolites. Four groups of 25 adult gilthead sea bream were reared during winter months, being fed either with a control diet (CTRL) or with a diet called "winter feed" (WF). Proteome results show a slightly higher number of proteins upregulated in plasma of fish fed the WF. These proteins are mostly involved in the immune system and cell protection mechanisms. Lipid metabolism was also affected, as shown both by plasma proteome and by the cholesterol plasma levels. Overall, the winter feed diet tested seems to have positive effects in terms of fish condition and nutritional status, reducing the metabolic effects of thermal stress.
authors.affiliation: CCMAR, Center of Marine Science, University of Algarve, Campus de Gambelas, 8005-139, Faro, Portugal.
authors.forename: Denise
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Schrama
authors.affiliation: CCMAR, Center of Marine Science, University of Algarve, Campus de Gambelas, 8005-139, Faro, Portugal.
authors.forename: Nadège
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Richard
authors.affiliation: SPAROS, Lda, Área Empresarial de Marim, Lote C, 8700-221, Olhão, Portugal.
authors.forename: Tomé S
authors.initials: TS
authors.lastname: Silva
authors.affiliation: CCMAR, Center of Marine Science, University of Algarve, Campus de Gambelas, 8005-139, Faro, Portugal.
authors.forename: Filipe A
authors.initials: FA
authors.lastname: Figueiredo
authors.affiliation: SPAROS, Lda, Área Empresarial de Marim, Lote C, 8700-221, Olhão, Portugal.
authors.forename: Luís E C
authors.initials: LE
authors.lastname: Conceição
authors.affiliation: Institute of Infection, Immunity and Inflammation and Glasgow Polyomics, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, G12 8TA, UK.
authors.forename: Richard
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Burchmore
authors.affiliation: Institute of Biodiversity Animal Health and Comparative Medicine, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, G12 8TA, UK.
authors.forename: David
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Eckersall
authors.affiliation: CCMAR, Center of Marine Science, University of Algarve, Campus de Gambelas, 8005-139, Faro, Portugal. pmrodrig@ualg.pt.
authors.forename: Pedro M L
authors.initials: PM
authors.lastname: Rodrigues
mesh_terms: D000821:Animal Feed; D000818:Animals; D003080:Cold Temperature / Q000009:adverse effects*; D004032:Diet; D029941:Fish Proteins / Q000097:blood*; D050356:Lipid Metabolism; D020543:Proteome; D021541:Sea Bream / Q000097:blood*; D012621:Seasons; D013312:Stress, Physiological; D057825:Two-Dimensional Difference Gel Electrophoresis
chemical_list: D029941:Fish Proteins; D020543:Proteome
keywords: Aquaculture; Gilthead sea bream; Plasma; Proteomics; Thermal stress; Winter disease; Winter syndrome