title: Fungal endophytic communities associated to the phyllosphere of grapevine cultivars under different types of management.
abstract: Fungal endophytes present in different asymptomatic grapevine plants (Vitis vinifera L.) located in different vineyards within Alentejo, a highly important viticulture region in Portugal, were identified in this study. Sampled grapevine plants included the three most representative cultivars in the region, Syrah, Cabernet Sauvignon, and Aragonez, growing under two different modes of management, conventional and biological. Sixteen fungal taxa were identified through sequencing of the internal transcribed spacer region. Total number of endophytic fungi isolated showed significant differences both in management mode and in cultivars, with higher numbers in grapevines under conventional mode and from Syrah cultivar. The composition of fungal endophytic communities did not show significant differences among cultivars, but differences were observed between fungal communities isolated from grapevines under biological or conventional modes. The most fungal taxa isolated from grapevines cultivated under biological mode were Alternaria alternata, Cladosporium sp., and Nigrospora oryzae, and under conventional mode Botrytis cinerea, Epicoccum nigrum, and Epicoccum sp. These differences suggest that the different products used in grapevine production have impacts in fungal endophytic composition. Further investigation of the identified fungi with respect to their antagonistic characteristics and potential use in plant protection to ensure food safety is now in course.
authors.affiliation: ICAAM - Instituto de Ciências Agrárias e Ambientais Mediterrânicas, Instituto de Investigação e Formação Avançada, Universidade de Évora, Núcleo da Mitra, Ap. 94, 7006-554 Évora, Portugal. Electronic address: carlavaranda@uevora.pt.
authors.forename: Carla Marisa Reis
authors.initials: CM
authors.lastname: Varanda
authors.affiliation: ICAAM - Instituto de Ciências Agrárias e Ambientais Mediterrânicas, Instituto de Investigação e Formação Avançada, Universidade de Évora, Núcleo da Mitra, Ap. 94, 7006-554 Évora, Portugal.
authors.forename: Mônica
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Oliveira
authors.affiliation: MARE - Centro de Ciências do Mar e do Ambiente, Universidade de Évora, Escola de Ciências e Tecnologia, c/o NemaLab, Apartado 94, 7002-554 Évora, Portugal.
authors.forename: Patrick
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Materatski
authors.affiliation: ICAAM - Instituto de Ciências Agrárias e Ambientais Mediterrânicas, Instituto de Investigação e Formação Avançada, Universidade de Évora, Núcleo da Mitra, Ap. 94, 7006-554 Évora, Portugal.
authors.forename: Miguel
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Landum
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Fitotecnia, Instituto de Ciências Agrárias e Ambientais Mediterrânicas, Instituto de Investigação e Formação Avançada, Universidade de Évora, Núcleo da Mitra, Ap. 94, 7006-554 Évora, Portugal.
authors.forename: Maria Ivone Esteves
authors.initials: MI
authors.lastname: Clara
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Fitotecnia, Instituto de Ciências Agrárias e Ambientais Mediterrânicas, Instituto de Investigação e Formação Avançada, Universidade de Évora, Núcleo da Mitra, Ap. 94, 7006-554 Évora, Portugal.
authors.forename: Maria do Rosário
authors.initials: MD
authors.lastname: Félix
mesh_terms: D000383:Agriculture / Q000379:methods; D044822:Biodiversity; D016000:Cluster Analysis; D004271:DNA, Fungal / Q000737:chemistry / Q000235:genetics; D021903:DNA, Ribosomal Spacer / Q000737:chemistry / Q000235:genetics; D060026:Endophytes / Q000145:classification* / Q000235:genetics / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D005658:Fungi / Q000145:classification* / Q000235:genetics / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D010802:Phylogeny; D018515:Plant Leaves / Q000382:microbiology*; D011174:Portugal; D017422:Sequence Analysis, DNA; D027843:Vitis / Q000382:microbiology*
chemical_list: D004271:DNA, Fungal; D021903:DNA, Ribosomal Spacer
keywords: Biological control; Conventional mode; Endophytes; Vineyards