title: Image-guided fine-needle aspiration cytology and flow cytometry phenotyping of neck lymphadenopathy for the diagnosis of recurrent lymphoma.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  In patients with a history of lymphoma, each lymphadenopathy should be carefully evaluated. The aims of this study were to evaluate (i) the usefulness of high-resolution ultrasonography (US), US-guided fine-needle aspiration cytology (FNAC) and flow cytometry phenotyping (FCP) together in the diagnosis of recurrent lymphoma and (ii) whether these tools were independent predictors of correct results.
  
  
  METHODS
  Retrospective cohort study with stepwise forward logistic regression analysis of results.
  
  
  METHODS
  Tertiary referral centre.
  
  
  METHODS
  A total of 151 patients with a history of lymphoma who developed a cervical mass during follow-up.
  
  
  METHODS
  On neck US, a lymphadenopathy was shown in 129 (85.4%) patients (median age 57 years, range 18-78 years), and US-guided FNAC combined with FCP were immediately performed. All patients had surgical excision and subsequent histological examination of the enlarged node(s), to establish lymphoma subclassification.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Final histology confirmed recurrence in 82 (63.6%) patients. According to the logistic regression analysis, FNAC and FCP were independent predictors of correct results (P = 0.009 and 0.028, respectively) and did not interfere with each other. The sensitivity, specificity and accuracy of the combination of all of the tools were 98.8%, 100% and 99.2%, respectively, and the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve was 0.902 (95% CI: 0.797-0.986).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This minimally invasive procedure is easily performed and should be recommended for all patients with cervical lymphadenopathy and a history of lymphoma, avoiding the need of core-biopsy or surgical excision if recurrence was excluded.
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, Oncology and Gastroenterology, School of Medicine, University of Padua, Padova, Italy.
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Lumachi
authors.affiliation: 2nd Pathology and Cytopathology Unit, Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Padua, Padova, Italy.
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Fassina
authors.affiliation: Clinical Pathology Laboratory, Department of Laboratory Medicine, S. Maria degli Angeli Hospital, Pordenone, Italy.
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Tozzoli
authors.affiliation: Radiology Service, Madonna della Navicella Hospital, Chioggia, VE, Italy.
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Tregnaghi
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, General Surgery, S. Maria degli Angeli Hospital, Pordenone, Italy.
authors.forename: S M M
authors.initials: SMM
authors.lastname: Basso
authors.affiliation: Statistic and Informatics Unit, Department of Neurosciences, School of Medicine, University of Padua, Padova, Italy.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Ermani
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D044963:Biopsy, Fine-Needle / Q000379:methods*; D005260:Female; D005434:Flow Cytometry / Q000379:methods*; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D061705:Image-Guided Biopsy / Q000379:methods*; D008198:Lymph Nodes / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000601:surgery; D000072281:Lymphadenopathy / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000209:etiology; D008223:Lymphoma / Q000150:complications / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000601:surgery; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009333:Neck; D009364:Neoplasm Recurrence, Local / Q000175:diagnosis*; D010641:Phenotype; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D014463:Ultrasonography / Q000379:methods*; D055815:Young Adult