title: Inappropriateness of diagnostic imaging examinations in the inpatient setting: a case study research.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The purpose of our study was to audit the clinical appropriateness of the prescriptions of whole body CT (WB-CT), PET-CT and chest X-rays (CXRs) performed at Tor Vergata University Hospital in the inpatient setting.
  
  
  METHODS
  WB-CT, PET-CT and CXRs examinations were retrospectively analysed in the period between January and December 2014. CXR examinations were divided into bedside CXRs and traditional CXRs. The appropriateness of the examinations was defined according the American College of Radiology Appropriateness Criteria. Inappropriate examinations were divided into six inappropriateness categories in accordance with the European Union Medical Imaging Guidelines.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Appropriateness was suboptimal for all analysed techniques CXRs (A = 38%, I = 62%); bedside CXRs (A = 45%, I = 53%); WB-CT (A = 45%, I = 55%); PET-CT (A = 48%, I = 52%). With respect to WB-CT the highest rate of inappropriate imaging prescriptions came from the haematology clinical operative unit (OU) (44%) and emergency medicine (33%); with respect to PET-CT, the thoracic surgery OU (53%) and haematology OU (48%) showed the most inappropriate prescriptions. For CXRs, the percentage of inappropriateness was consistently distributed among all surgical OUs. For bedside CXRs, the largest inappropriate prescribers were the emergency medicine OU (48%), the cardiac surgery OU (58%), the intensive care OU (67%) and anaesthesia resuscitation OU (78%). The most represented classes of inappropriateness were 2, 3, 4 and 6.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The elimination of inappropriate prescriptions would result in an annual savings of approximately 390,000 Euro. An implementation plan to increase prescription appropriateness is under development by our group.
authors.affiliation: Department of Diagnostic Imaging, Tor Vergata University Rome, Viale Oxford 81, Rome, Italy.
authors.forename: Ettore
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Squillaci
authors.affiliation: Department of Diagnostic Imaging, Tor Vergata University Rome, Viale Oxford 81, Rome, Italy. f.bolacchi@alice.it.
authors.forename: Francesca
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Bolacchi
authors.affiliation: Department of Diagnostic Imaging, Tor Vergata University Rome, Viale Oxford 81, Rome, Italy.
authors.forename: Jacopo
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Scaggiante
authors.affiliation: Department of Diagnostic Imaging, Tor Vergata University Rome, Viale Oxford 81, Rome, Italy.
authors.forename: Francesca
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Ricci
authors.affiliation: Department of Diagnostic Imaging, Tor Vergata University Rome, Viale Oxford 81, Rome, Italy.
authors.forename: Luca
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Pugliese
authors.affiliation: Department of Internal Medicine, Tor Vergata University Rome, Rome, Italy.
authors.forename: Alberto
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Bergamini
authors.affiliation: Department of Diagnostic Imaging, Tor Vergata University Rome, Viale Oxford 81, Rome, Italy.
authors.forename: Francesco
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Garaci
authors.affiliation: Department of Diagnostic Imaging, Tor Vergata University Rome, Viale Oxford 81, Rome, Italy.
authors.forename: Roberto
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Floris
mesh_terms: D017046:Cost Savings; D006801:Humans; D007297:Inpatients; D008485:Medical Audit; D000067716:Point-of-Care Testing / Q000191:economics / Q000592:standards / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D000072078:Positron Emission Tomography Computed Tomography / Q000592:standards / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D014057:Tomography, X-Ray Computed / Q000191:economics / Q000592:standards* / Q000706:statistics & numerical data
keywords: Appropriateness; CXR; Clinical audit; PET–CT; WB-CT