title: Sweat lipid mediator profiling: a noninvasive approach for cutaneous research.
abstract: Recent advances in analytical and sweat collection techniques provide new opportunities to identify noninvasive biomarkers for the study of skin inflammation and repair. This study aims to characterize the lipid mediator profile including oxygenated lipids, endocannabinoids, and ceramides/sphingoid bases in sweat and identify differences in these profiles between sweat collected from nonlesional sites on the unflared volar forearm of subjects with and without atopic dermatitis (AD). Adapting routine procedures developed for plasma analysis, over 100 lipid mediators were profiled using LC-MS/MS and 58 lipid mediators were detected in sweat. Lipid mediator concentrations were not affected by sampling or storage conditions. Increases in concentrations of C30-C40 [NS] and [NdS] ceramides, and C18:1 sphingosine, were observed in the sweat of study participants with AD despite no differences being observed in transepidermal water loss between study groups, and this effect was strongest in men (P < 0.05, one-way ANOVA with Tukey's post hoc HSD). No differences in oxylipins and endocannabinoids were observed between study groups. Sweat mediator profiling may therefore provide a noninvasive diagnostic for AD prior to the presentation of clinical signs.
authors.affiliation: Department of Nutrition, University of California-Davis, Davis, CA 95616.|National Institutes of Health West Coast Metabolomics Center, Davis, CA 95616.
authors.forename: Karan
authors.identifier: 0000-0002-9536-9489
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Agrawal
authors.affiliation: Department of Dermatology, University of California-Davis Medical Center, Sacramento, CA 95816.
authors.forename: Lauren A
authors.initials: LA
authors.lastname: Hassoun
authors.affiliation: Department of Dermatology, University of California-Davis Medical Center, Sacramento, CA 95816.
authors.forename: Negar
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Foolad
authors.affiliation: National Institutes of Health West Coast Metabolomics Center, Davis, CA 95616.|United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Western Human Nutrition Research Center, Davis, CA 95616.
authors.forename: Theresa L
authors.initials: TL
authors.lastname: Pedersen
authors.affiliation: Department of Dermatology, University of California-Davis Medical Center, Sacramento, CA 95816.
authors.forename: Raja K
authors.initials: RK
authors.lastname: Sivamani
authors.affiliation: Department of Nutrition, University of California-Davis, Davis, CA 95616 john.newman@ars.usda.gov.|National Institutes of Health West Coast Metabolomics Center, Davis, CA 95616.|United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Western Human Nutrition Research Center, Davis, CA 95616.
authors.forename: John W
authors.initials: JW
authors.lastname: Newman
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000378:metabolism*; D002518:Ceramides / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000378:metabolism*; D003876:Dermatitis, Atopic / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology; D015777:Eicosanoids / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000378:metabolism; D063388:Endocannabinoids / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000378:metabolism; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007249:Inflammation / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology; D050356:Lipid Metabolism / Q000235:genetics; D008055:Lipids / Q000302:isolation & purification; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D012867:Skin / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D013542:Sweat / Q000378:metabolism*; D053719:Tandem Mass Spectrometry
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; D002518:Ceramides; D015777:Eicosanoids; D063388:Endocannabinoids; D008055:Lipids
keywords: atopic dermatitis; ceramides; endocannabinoids; metabolic profiling; non-invasive sampling; oxidized lipids; skin; sphingolipids