title: Zirconia based dental ceramics: structure, mechanical properties, biocompatibility and applications.
abstract: Zirconia (ZrO2) based dental ceramics have been considered to be advantageous materials with adequate mechanical properties for the manufacturing of medical devices. Due to its very high compression strength of 2000 MPa, ZrO2can resist differing mechanical environments. During the crack propagation on the application of stress on the surface of ZrO2, a crystalline modification diminishes the propagation of cracks. In addition, zirconia's biocompatibility has been studied in vivo, leading to the observation of no adverse response upon the insertion of ZrO2samples into the bone or muscle. In vitro experimentation has exhibited the absence of mutations and good viability of cells cultured on this material leading to the use of ZrO2in the manufacturing of hip head prostheses. The mechanical properties of zirconia fixed partial dentures (FPDs) have proven to be superior to other ceramic/composite restorations and hence leading to their significant applications in implant supported rehabilitations. Recent developments were focused on the synthesis of zirconia based dental materials. More recently, zirconia has been introduced in prosthetic dentistry for the fabrication of crowns and fixed partial dentures in combination with computer aided design/computer aided manufacturing (CAD/CAM) techniques. This systematic review covers the results of past as well as recent scientific studies on the properties of zirconia based ceramics such as their specific compositions, microstructures, mechanical strength, biocompatibility and other applications in dentistry.
authors.affiliation: Department of Material Science and Nano Engineering, 6100 Main MS-325, Rice University, Houston, Texas 77005, USA and Department of Physics, University of Lucknow, Lucknow - 226007, Uttar Pradesh, India. gautam_ceramic@yahoo.com.
authors.forename: Chandkiram
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Gautam
authors.affiliation: Department of Material Science and Nano Engineering, 6100 Main MS-325, Rice University, Houston, Texas 77005, USA.
authors.forename: Jarin
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Joyner
authors.affiliation: Department of Physics, University of Lucknow, Lucknow - 226007, Uttar Pradesh, India. gautam_ceramic@yahoo.com.
authors.forename: Amarendra
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Gautam
authors.affiliation: Department of Prosthodontics, Faculty of Dental Sciences, King George Medical University, Shah Mina Road, Chowk, Lucknow - 226003, Uttar Pradesh, India.
authors.forename: Jitendra
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Rao
authors.affiliation: Department of Material Science and Nano Engineering, 6100 Main MS-325, Rice University, Houston, Texas 77005, USA.
authors.forename: Robert
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Vajtai
mesh_terms: D001672:Biocompatible Materials; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D002516:Ceramics; D003442:Crowns; D018360:Crystallography, X-Ray; D003764:Dental Materials; D006358:Hot Temperature; D006801:Humans; D008422:Materials Testing; D013499:Surface Properties; D015040:Zirconium / Q000737:chemistry*
chemical_list: D001672:Biocompatible Materials; D003764:Dental Materials; D015040:Zirconium; C028541:zirconium oxide