title: Hepatic epithelioid hemangioendothelioma: Dilemma and challenges in the preoperative diagnosis.
abstract: Hepatic epithelioid hemangioendothelioma (HEHE) is a rare category of vascular tumor with uncertain malignant potential. It commonly presents nonspecific and variable clinical manifestations, ranging from asymptomatic to hepatic failure. In addition, laboratory measurements and imaging features also lack specificity in the diagnosis of HEHE. The aim of the present study is to highlight the dilemma and challenges in the preoperative diagnosis of HEHE, and to enhance awareness of the range of hepatobiliary surgery available in patients with multiple hepatic nodular lesions on imaging. In these patients, HEHE should at least be considered in the differential diagnosis.
authors.affiliation: Hai-Jie Hu, Yan-Wen Jin, Anuj Shrestha, Nan-Sheng Cheng, Fu-Yu Li, Department of Biliary Surgery, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, Sichuan Province, China.
authors.forename: Hai-Jie
authors.initials: HJ
authors.lastname: Hu
authors.affiliation: Hai-Jie Hu, Yan-Wen Jin, Anuj Shrestha, Nan-Sheng Cheng, Fu-Yu Li, Department of Biliary Surgery, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, Sichuan Province, China.
authors.forename: Yan-Wen
authors.initials: YW
authors.lastname: Jin
authors.affiliation: Hai-Jie Hu, Yan-Wen Jin, Anuj Shrestha, Nan-Sheng Cheng, Fu-Yu Li, Department of Biliary Surgery, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, Sichuan Province, China.
authors.forename: Qiu-Yang
authors.initials: QY
authors.lastname: Jing
authors.affiliation: Hai-Jie Hu, Yan-Wen Jin, Anuj Shrestha, Nan-Sheng Cheng, Fu-Yu Li, Department of Biliary Surgery, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, Sichuan Province, China.
authors.forename: Anuj
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Shrestha
authors.affiliation: Hai-Jie Hu, Yan-Wen Jin, Anuj Shrestha, Nan-Sheng Cheng, Fu-Yu Li, Department of Biliary Surgery, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, Sichuan Province, China.
authors.forename: Nan-Sheng
authors.initials: NS
authors.lastname: Cheng
authors.affiliation: Hai-Jie Hu, Yan-Wen Jin, Anuj Shrestha, Nan-Sheng Cheng, Fu-Yu Li, Department of Biliary Surgery, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, Sichuan Province, China.
authors.forename: Fu-Yu
authors.initials: FY
authors.lastname: Li
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D018952:Antigens, CD34 / Q000032:analysis; D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor / Q000032:analysis; D001706:Biopsy; D005260:Female; D018323:Hemangioendothelioma, Epithelioid / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery; D006498:Hepatectomy; D006801:Humans; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D008113:Liver Neoplasms / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery; D019408:Platelet Endothelial Cell Adhesion Molecule-1 / Q000032:analysis; D000072078:Positron Emission Tomography Computed Tomography; D011237:Predictive Value of Tests; D014057:Tomography, X-Ray Computed; D014463:Ultrasonography
chemical_list: D018952:Antigens, CD34; D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor; D019408:Platelet Endothelial Cell Adhesion Molecule-1
keywords: Challenges; Diagnosis; Dilemma; Hepatic epithelioid hemangioendothelioma; Vascular tumors