title: Protective Effect of Saccharomyces boulardii on Deoxynivalenol-Induced Injury of Porcine Macrophage via Attenuating p38 MAPK Signal Pathway.
abstract: The aims of our study were to evaluate the effects of Saccharomyces boulardii (S. boulardii) on deoxynivalenol (DON)-induced injury in porcine alveolar macrophage cells (PAMCs) and to explore the underlying mechanisms. 3-(4,5-Dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay, flow cytometric analysis, ELISA, qRT-PCR, and western blot were performed to assess whether S. boulardii could prevent DON-induced injury by p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (p38 MAPK) signal pathway. The results showed that pretreatment with 8 μM DON could decrease the viability of PAMC and significantly increase the apoptosis rate of PAMC, whereas S. boulardii could rescue apoptotic PAMC cells induced by DON. Further experiments revealed that S. boulardii effectively reversed DON-induced cytotoxicity via downregulating the expression of TNF-α, IL-6, and IL-lβ. In addition, S. boulardii significantly alleviated DON-induced phosphorylation and mRNA expression of p38 and further increased the expression of apoptosis regulation genes Bcl-xl and Bcl-2 and inhibited the activation of Bax. Our results suggest that S. boulardii could suppress DON-induced p38 MAPK pathway activation and reduce the expression of downstream inflammatory cytokines, as well as promote the expression of anti-apoptotic genes to inhibit apoptosis induced by DON in PAMC.
authors.affiliation: College of Food Science and Engineering, Wuhan Polytechnic University, 68 South Xuefu Road, Changqing Garden, Wuhan, 430023, China.
authors.forename: Chao
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Chang
authors.affiliation: College of Food Science and Engineering, Wuhan Polytechnic University, 68 South Xuefu Road, Changqing Garden, Wuhan, 430023, China.
authors.forename: Kun
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: College of Food Science and Engineering, Wuhan Polytechnic University, 68 South Xuefu Road, Changqing Garden, Wuhan, 430023, China.
authors.forename: Sheng-Nan
authors.initials: SN
authors.lastname: Zhou
authors.affiliation: College of Food Science and Engineering, Wuhan Polytechnic University, 68 South Xuefu Road, Changqing Garden, Wuhan, 430023, China.
authors.forename: Xue-Dong
authors.initials: XD
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: College of Food Science and Engineering, Wuhan Polytechnic University, 68 South Xuefu Road, Changqing Garden, Wuhan, 430023, China. wujinec@whpu.edu.cn.
authors.forename: Jin-E
authors.initials: JE
authors.lastname: Wu
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D017209:Apoptosis / Q000187:drug effects; D002460:Cell Line; D002470:Cell Survival / Q000187:drug effects; D018920:Coculture Techniques; D005786:Gene Expression Regulation; D053583:Interleukin-1beta / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D015850:Interleukin-6 / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D016676:Macrophages, Alveolar / Q000166:cytology / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism; D010766:Phosphorylation; D065840:Protective Factors; D019253:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-bcl-2 / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D000069983:Saccharomyces boulardii / Q000254:growth & development / Q000378:metabolism*; D015398:Signal Transduction; D013552:Swine; D014255:Trichothecenes / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000633:toxicity*; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D051020:bcl-X Protein / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D048051:p38 Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors* / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D053583:Interleukin-1beta; D015850:Interleukin-6; D019253:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-bcl-2; D014255:Trichothecenes; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha; D051020:bcl-X Protein; D048051:p38 Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases; C007262:deoxynivalenol
keywords: Cell apoptosis; DON; S. boulardii; mRNA expression; p38 MAPK