title: Prevalence and Risk Factors of Peri-ictal Autonomic Changes in Children With Temporal Lobe Seizures.
abstract: We determined the prevalence of signs and symptoms of autonomic dysfunction in seizures of temporal lobe onset in children.
  
  
  
  We evaluated the prevalence and risk factors of peri-ictal autonomic changes in temporal lobe onset seizures in children from a single-center pediatric epilepsy monitoring unit between June 1, 2009 and October 31, 2013. Age, gender, epilepsy etiology, current antiepileptic drug therapy, ictal electroencephalographic lateralization, brain magnetic resonance imaging results, and the presence of generalized tonic-clonic seizures over the preceding year were recorded from medical record review.
  
  
  
  Forty-nine children were identified (55% male, median age 10.1 years [interquartile range 5.5 to 13.9 years]). Overall, peri-ictal autonomic changes were observed in 32 of 49 patients (66%) and 91 of 172 evaluated seizures (53%). Tachycardia (51%), oxygen desaturation (33%), and salivation (27%) were the most frequent autonomic changes identified. Bradycardia occurred in one patient (2%).
  
  
  
  Among pediatric patients with temporal lobe seizures, peri-ictal autonomic changes are frequent yet seldom require intervention.
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota.
authors.forename: Mark
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Whealy
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota; Division of Child and Adolescent Neurology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota. Electronic address: wirrell.elaine@mayo.edu.
authors.forename: Elaine
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Wirrell
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota; Division of Child and Adolescent Neurology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota.
authors.forename: Lily
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Wong-Kisiel
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota; Division of Child and Adolescent Neurology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota.
authors.forename: Katherine
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Nickels
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota; Division of Child and Adolescent Neurology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota.
authors.forename: Eric T
authors.initials: ET
authors.lastname: Payne
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D001342:Autonomic Nervous System Diseases / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000503:physiopathology*; D053840:Brugada Syndrome; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D004833:Epilepsy, Temporal Lobe / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000503:physiopathology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D015995:Prevalence; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012307:Risk Factors; D012640:Seizures / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000503:physiopathology
keywords: SUDEP; autonomic; epilepsy; prevalence; seizure