title: Phenotypic and Genotypic Resistance of Salmonella Isolates from Healthy and Diseased Pigs in China During 2008-2015.
abstract: The antimicrobial resistance of Salmonella strains is rapidly increasing worldwide, which poses significant threats to animal and public health. In this study, a total of 249 porcine Salmonella isolates collected in China during 2008-2015 were examined, including 155 clinical isolates from diseased pigs and 94 nonclinical isolates from healthy pigs. Based on the minimum inhibitory concentration of seven antimicrobial agents, 96.4% of the isolates were resistant to at least one of the tested antibiotics and 81.0% of them showed multidrug resistance. The highest antimicrobial resistance was observed for tetracycline (85.9%), and the lowest was found for cefotaxime (13.3%). The isolates from diseased pigs exhibited significantly higher levels of antimicrobial resistance than those from healthy pigs. Twenty-two isolates from healthy pigs were resistant to ciprofloxacin, which may inhibit the curative effectiveness of fluoroquinolones on bacterial food-borne poisoning and infections in humans caused by contaminated food. Moreover, cefotaxime resistance of the strains isolated from diseased pigs during 2013-2015 was significantly higher compared with the strains isolated during 2008-2010. Further study showed that the correlation between phenotypic and genotypic resistance varied among the isolates from different sources, and in many cases, the presence of resistance genes was not consistent with the resistance to the corresponding antimicrobials. These results are very significant for veterinary practice and public health.
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University , Wuhan, People's Republic of China .
authors.forename: Yueguang
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Jiu
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University , Wuhan, People's Republic of China .
authors.forename: Shun
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Zhu
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University , Wuhan, People's Republic of China .
authors.forename: Sher Bahadar
authors.initials: SB
authors.lastname: Khan
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University , Wuhan, People's Republic of China .
authors.forename: Mengzhen
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Sun
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University , Wuhan, People's Republic of China .
authors.forename: Geng
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Zou
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University , Wuhan, People's Republic of China .
authors.forename: Xianrong
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Meng
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University , Wuhan, People's Republic of China .
authors.forename: Bin
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Wu
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University , Wuhan, People's Republic of China .
authors.forename: Rui
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Zhou
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University , Wuhan, People's Republic of China .
authors.forename: Shaowen
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Li
mesh_terms: D000822:Animal Husbandry; D000818:Animals; D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents / Q000494:pharmacology; D002439:Cefotaxime / Q000494:pharmacology; D002681:China / Q000453:epidemiology; D002939:Ciprofloxacin / Q000494:pharmacology; D024901:Drug Resistance, Multiple, Bacterial / Q000235:genetics*; D000072480:Farms; D005838:Genotype; D010641:Phenotype; D012475:Salmonella / Q000187:drug effects / Q000235:genetics* / Q000302:isolation & purification; D012481:Salmonella Infections, Animal / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000382:microbiology; D065288:Serogroup; D013552:Swine; D013553:Swine Diseases / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000382:microbiology; D013752:Tetracycline / Q000494:pharmacology
chemical_list: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents; D002939:Ciprofloxacin; D013752:Tetracycline; D002439:Cefotaxime
keywords: Salmonella; antimicrobial resistance; pig; resistance gene