title: Global Shifts in Cardiovascular Disease, the Epidemiologic Transition, and Other Contributing Factors: Toward a New Practice of Global Health Cardiology.
abstract: One of the major drivers of change in the practice of cardiology is population change. This article discusses the current debate about epidemiologic transition paired with other ongoing transitions with direct relevance to cardiovascular conditions. Challenges specific to patterns of risk factors over time; readiness for disease surveillance and meeting global targets; health system, prevention, and treatment efforts; and physiologic traits and human-environment interactions are identified. This article concludes that a focus on the most populated regions of the world will contribute substantially to protecting the large gains in global survival and life expectancy accrued over the last decades.
authors.affiliation: United Nations Population Fund, Peru Country Office, Av. Guardia Civil 1231, San Isidro, Lima 27, Peru.
authors.forename: Walter
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Mendoza
authors.affiliation: School of Medicine, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Av. Honorio Delgado 430, Urb. Ingeniería, San Martín de Porres, Lima 31, Peru; CRONICAS Center of Excellence in Chronic Diseases, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Av. Armendáriz 497, Miraflores, Lima 18, Peru. Electronic address: Jaime.Miranda@upch.pe.
authors.forename: J Jaime
authors.initials: JJ
authors.lastname: Miranda
mesh_terms: D002309:Cardiology / Q000379:methods*; D002318:Cardiovascular Diseases / Q000453:epidemiology*; D014943:Global Health; D006801:Humans; D009017:Morbidity / Q000639:trends; D018570:Risk Assessment; D012307:Risk Factors
keywords: Cardiology; Demography; Developing countries; Epidemiology; Global health; Health transitions