title: Toll-like receptor 4 gene is associated with recurrent spontaneous miscarriage in Uygur and Han women in Xinjiang.
abstract: Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4), a recently identified vertebrate receptor, serves a pivotal role in immune responses. The aim of the present study was to investigate the association between the humanTLR4gene and recurrent spontaneous miscarriage (RSM). A total of 306 RSM patents and 306 age-matched controls were genotyped for four single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of the humanTLR4gene (rs1927914, rs1927911, rs4986790 and rs4986791). Data were analyzed for Uygur and Han women separately using a haplotype-based case-control study. There were significant differences between the distributions of rs1927914, rs1927911 and rs4986790 SNPs between RSM patients and the controls (P=0.001, P<0.001 and P=0.015, respectively) were identified in Uygur women, and significant differences between the distributions of the rs1927914 and rs1927911 SNPs between RSM patients and the controls (P<0.001 and P<0.001, respectively) were identified in Han women. Results of the logistic regression analysis indicated that rs1927914, rs1927911 and rs4986790 SNPs were significantly higher in the RSM patients compared with the control individuals (P=0.012, P=0.024 and P=0.035, respectively) in Uygur women. Furthermore, significantly higher frequency was noted for the A-G-G haplotype (SNP1-SNP2-SNP3) (P=0.016) in RSM patients compared with the controls in Uygur women. The results indicate that rs1927914, rs1927911, rs4986790 and the A-G-G haplotype (SNP1-SNP2-SNP3) of the human TLR4 gene may be genetic markers for RSM in Uygur women, while rs1927914 and rs1927911 SNPs of the humanTLR4gene are most likely associated with RSM in Han women in Xinjiang.
authors.affiliation: Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Xiang Ya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410008, P.R. China; Department of Obstetrics, People's Hospital of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, Urumqi, Xinjiang 830001, P.R. China; Reproductive Medical Center, First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, Xinjiang 830054, P.R. China.
authors.forename: Yonghui
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Jiao
authors.affiliation: Reproductive Medical Center, First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, Xinjiang 830054, P.R. China.
authors.forename: Jing
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Zhao
authors.affiliation: Reproductive Medical Center, First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, Xinjiang 830054, P.R. China.
authors.forename: Bo
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Hu
authors.affiliation: Reproductive Medical Center, First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, Xinjiang 830054, P.R. China.
authors.forename: Xiaoling
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: La
authors.affiliation: Reproductive Medical Center, First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, Xinjiang 830054, P.R. China.
authors.forename: Xiaoyun
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Gong
authors.affiliation: Department of Obstetrics, People's Hospital of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, Urumqi, Xinjiang 830001, P.R. China.
authors.forename: Ying
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Huang
authors.affiliation: Reproductive Medical Center, First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, Xinjiang 830054, P.R. China.
authors.forename: Xia
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Cai
authors.affiliation: Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Xiang Ya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410008, P.R. China.
authors.forename: Yi
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Zhang
keywords: TLR4; case-control study; recurrent spontaneous miscarriage; single-nucleotide polymorphism