title: Repeated evolution of viviparity in phrynosomatid lizards constrained interspecific diversification in some life-history traits.
abstract: In vertebrates, viviparity has evolved independently multiple times, apparently increasing morphological diversification and speciation rates as a consequence. We tested whether the evolution of viviparity has also increased diversification of life-history traits by estimating evolutionary rates of lizards from the North American family Phrynosomatidae. Using modern phylogenetic comparative methods, we compared these rates between oviparous and viviparous species, and found no support for this hypothesis. Instead, we found higher evolutionary rates for oviparous species in some life-history traits. Our results suggest that the evolution of viviparity may have constrained rather than facilitated evolution of life histories.
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Ecología y Recursos Naturales, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de México 04510, México jzuniga@ciencias.unam.mx.
authors.forename: J Jaime
authors.identifier: 0000-0002-9661-1521
authors.initials: JJ
authors.lastname: Zúñiga-Vega
authors.affiliation: Department of Biology, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN 47405, USA.
authors.forename: Jesualdo A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Fuentes-G
authors.affiliation: Department of Biology, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN 47405, USA.|Department of Biology, University of North Georgia, Oakwood, GA 30566, USA.
authors.forename: Alison G
authors.identifier: 0000-0002-6019-173X
authors.initials: AG
authors.lastname: Ossip-Drahos
authors.affiliation: Department of Biology, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN 47405, USA.
authors.forename: Emília P
authors.initials: EP
authors.lastname: Martins
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D005075:Biological Evolution; D005260:Female; D000071421:Life History Traits; D008116:Lizards / Q000145:classification*; D052287:Oviparity; D010802:Phylogeny; D052286:Viviparity, Nonmammalian
keywords: Phrynosomatidae; evolutionary rates; life histories; oviparity; viviparity