title: Citrobacter europaeus sp. nov., isolated from water and human faecal samples.
abstract: Strains 97/79T and A121, recovered respectively from human faeces and well water, were compared to currently known species of the genus Citrobacter using genotypic and phenotypic approaches. Multilocus sequence analysis based on housekeeping genes fusA, leuS, pyrG, rpoB and recN, showed that the two strains formed a distinct phylogenetic lineage within the genus Citrobacter. Average nucleotide identity (ANI) between strains 97/79T and A121 was 99.2 %, whereas ANI values of strain 97/79T with the type strains of closely related species of the genus Citrobacter, C. werkmanii, C. braakii, C. freundii, C. youngae and C. pasteurii, were all below 93.0 %. The ability to metabolize different compounds also discriminated strains 97/79T and A121 from other species of the genus Citrobacter. Based on these results, strains 97/79T and A121 represent a novel species of the genus Citrobacter, for which the name Citrobacter europaeus sp. nov. is proposed, with strain 97/79T (=CIP 106467T=DSM 103031T) as the type strain. The DNA G+C content of strain 97/79T is 52.0 %.
authors.affiliation: UCIBIO-REQUIMTE. Laboratório de Microbiologia, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade do Porto, Portugal.
authors.forename: Teresa G
authors.initials: TG
authors.lastname: Ribeiro
authors.affiliation: CIP - Collection de l'Institut Pasteur, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France.
authors.forename: Dominique
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Clermont
authors.affiliation: UCIBIO-REQUIMTE. Laboratório de Microbiologia, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade do Porto, Portugal.
authors.forename: Raquel
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Branquinho
authors.affiliation: FP-ENAS/CEBIMED. Faculdade de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Fernando Pessoa, Porto, Portugal.|UCIBIO-REQUIMTE. Laboratório de Microbiologia, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade do Porto, Portugal.
authors.forename: Elisabete
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Machado
authors.affiliation: UCIBIO-REQUIMTE. Laboratório de Microbiologia, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade do Porto, Portugal.
authors.forename: Luísa
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Peixe
authors.affiliation: Microbial Evolutionary Genomics, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France.|Molecular Prevention and Therapy of Human Diseases, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France.|Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), UMR 3525, Paris, France.
authors.forename: Sylvain
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Brisse
mesh_terms: D015373:Bacterial Typing Techniques; D001482:Base Composition; D002954:Citrobacter / Q000145:classification; D004269:DNA, Bacterial / Q000235:genetics; D005060:Europe; D005243:Feces / Q000382:microbiology*; D005798:Genes, Bacterial; D006801:Humans; D058885:Multilocus Sequence Typing; D010802:Phylogeny; D012336:RNA, Ribosomal, 16S / Q000235:genetics; D017422:Sequence Analysis, DNA; D014871:Water Microbiology
chemical_list: D004269:DNA, Bacterial; D012336:RNA, Ribosomal, 16S