title: Clinical Factors Predictive of Metastases from Renal Cell Carcinomas
abstract: Background: Lymph node and distant metastases are known as the prognostic factor in renal cell carcinoma 
  (RCC). Clinical parameters are needed to predict metastases preoperatively. The aim of this study was to assess
  clinical predictive factors for lymph node and distant metastases. Materials and Methods: We collected RCC
  data from January 1995 until December 2015 at Cipto Mangunkusumo hospital in Jakarta. We only reviewed
  data that had renal cell carcinoma histopathology by operation or biopsy. Clinical information such as patient
  age, gender, hemoglobin (Hb), erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR), and tumor size (clinical T stage) were
  reviewed and analyzed by Chi-squre and logistic regression to establish clinical predictive value. Results: A total
  of 102 patients were reviewed. There were 32 (31.4%) with lymph node metastases and 27 (26.5%) with distant
  metastases. Age, Hb and clinical T staging were associated with nodal metastases. However, only Hb and clinical
  T staging were found to be associated with distant metastases. By logistic regression, we found T3-4 in clinical
  T-stage to be the only predictor of nodal metastases (OR 5.14; 1.87 - 14.09) and distant metastases (OR 3.42;
  1.27 - .9.23). Conclusions: Clinical T-stages of T3 and T4 according to The AJCC TNM classification could be
  used as independent clinical predictive factors for lymph node or distant metastases in patients with RCC.
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology Faculty of Medicine University of Indonesia - Cipto Mangunkusumo Hospital, Jakarta, Indonesia. rizalhamid.urology@gmail.com
authors.forename: Widia
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Fina
authors.forename: AH Hamid
authors.initials: AH
authors.lastname: Agus Rizal
authors.forename: Mochtar
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Chaidir A
authors.forename: Umbas
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: Rainy
keywords: Renal cell carcinoma; metastases; factors; hemoglobin; erythrocyte sedimentation; stage; age/gender