title: Coffee consumption and risk of nonmelanoma skin cancer: a dose-response meta-analysis.
abstract: Several epidemiological studies have evaluated the associations between coffee consumption and the risk of skin cancer; however, the results were not conclusive. This systematic review and meta-analysis of the cohort and case-control studies was carried out to determine the association between coffee intake and the risk of nonmelanoma skin cancer. Studies were identified by searching the PubMed and MEDLINE databases (to November 2015). Study-specific risk estimates were pooled under the random-effects model. We separately estimated the relative risk of the three conditions, for exposure to different doses of coffee consumption, kind of study design, and analysis restricted to the basal cell carcinoma type. The summary relative risks for nonmelanoma skin cancer were 0.96 [95% confidence interval (CI): 0.92-0.99] for one cup of coffee, 0.92 (95% CI: 0.88-0.97) for one to two cups of coffee, 0.89 (95% CI: 0.86-0.93) for two to three cups of coffee, and 0.81 (95% CI: 0.77-0.85) for more than three cups of coffee per day, respectively. This meta-analysis suggested that caffeinated coffee might have chemopreventive effects against basal cell carcinoma dose dependently. However, other prospective studies are warranted to confirm these effects.
authors.affiliation: Isfahan Cardiovascular Research Center.
authors.forename: Golnaz
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Vaseghi
authors.affiliation: Applied Physiology Research Center, Cardiovascular Research Institute.|Department of Physiology, School of Medicine.
authors.forename: Shaghayegh
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Haghjoo-Javanmard
authors.affiliation: Applied Physiology Research Center, Cardiovascular Research Institute.
authors.forename: Jamal
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Naderi
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy-International Campus, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
authors.forename: Azadeh
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Eshraghi
authors.affiliation: Applied Physiology Research Center, Cardiovascular Research Institute.
authors.forename: Manijeh
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Mahdavi
authors.affiliation: Applied Physiology Research Center, Cardiovascular Research Institute.|Department of Biostatic and Epidemiology, School of Health, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan.
authors.forename: Marjan
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Mansourian
mesh_terms: D002110:Caffeine / Q000494:pharmacology*; D002280:Basal Cell Carcinoma / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000517:prevention & control; D003069:Coffee; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D005247:Feeding Behavior; D006801:Humans; D012307:Risk Factors; D012878:Skin Neoplasms / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000517:prevention & control
chemical_list: D003069:Coffee; D002110:Caffeine