title: Circulating microparticles enhanced rat vascular wall remodeling following endothelial denudation.
abstract: This study tested the hypothesis that circulating microparticles (MPs) exacerbated vascular wall (VW) remodeling after endothelial denudation by 0.014 wire in a rat model. Adult male Sprague Dawley rats (n = 40) were equally categorized into group 1 [sham-control (SC); 3.0 mL saline intravenous injection], group 2 [SC + intravenous MPs (1.0 × 107) derived from patients with carotid artery stenosis (CAS)], group 3 [femoral arterial endothelial denudation (FAED)], group 4 (FAED + MPs derived from healthy subjects), and group 5 (FAED + CAS-derived MPs). Animals were euthanized by day 28 after FAED procedure. The results demonstrated that neointimal area (NIA) (mm2), medial area, and number of infiltrated cells in medial layer were highest in group 5 and lowest in groups 1 and 2, and significantly higher in group 4 than those in group 3 (all P<0.0001), but no differences were noted between groups 1 and 2. However, the ratio of luminal area to VW area showed an opposite pattern compared to that of NIA among five groups (P<0.0001). Immunofluorescent study showed an identical pattern of changes in the numbers of inflammatory (F4/80, CD14, CD40, IL-β) and proliferative (Ki-67, Cx43) cells in VW compared to that of NIA among the five groups (all P<0.00). The mNRA expressions of inflammatory (MMP-9, NF-κB, TNF-α, IL-1β, iNOS, PDGF) and cell activation (c-Fos, c-Myc, osteopontin, PCNA) biomarkers showed an identical pattern compared to that of NIA among all groups (all P<0.001). Take altogether, CAS-derived MPs further aggravated MP-mediated VW remodeling after endothelial damage compared to that observed after administration of MPS derived from healthy subjects.
authors.affiliation: Division of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Department of Surgery, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of Medicine Kaohsiung 83301, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Fan-Yen
authors.initials: FY
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.affiliation: Division of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Department of Surgery, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of Medicine Kaohsiung 83301, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Hung-I
authors.initials: HI
authors.lastname: Lu
authors.affiliation: Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of Medicine Kaohsiung 83301, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Han-Tan
authors.initials: HT
authors.lastname: Chai
authors.affiliation: Division of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Department of Surgery, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of Medicine Kaohsiung 83301, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Jiunn-Jye
authors.initials: JJ
authors.lastname: Sheu
authors.affiliation: Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of Medicine Kaohsiung 83301, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Yi-Ling
authors.initials: YL
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.affiliation: Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of Medicine Kaohsiung 83301, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Tein-Hung
authors.initials: TH
authors.lastname: Huang
authors.affiliation: Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of Medicine Kaohsiung 83301, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Gour-Shenq
authors.initials: GS
authors.lastname: Kao
authors.affiliation: Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of Medicine Kaohsiung 83301, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Sheng-Yi
authors.initials: SY
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.affiliation: Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of Medicine Kaohsiung 83301, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Sheng-Ying
authors.initials: SY
authors.lastname: Chung
authors.affiliation: Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of Medicine Kaohsiung 83301, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Pei-Hsun
authors.initials: PH
authors.lastname: Sung
authors.affiliation: Department of Biological Sciences, National Sun Yat-sen University Kaohsiung 80424, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Hsueh-Wen
authors.initials: HW
authors.lastname: Chang
authors.affiliation: Department of Orthopedics, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of Medicine Kaohsiung 83301, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Mel S
authors.initials: MS
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.affiliation: Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of MedicineKaohsiung 83301, Taiwan; Institute for Translational Research in Biomedicine, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial HospitalKaohsiung 83301, Taiwan; Center for Shockwave Medicine and Tissue Engineering, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial HospitalKaohsiung 83301, Taiwan; Department of Medical Research, China Medical University Hospital, China Medical UniversityTaichung 40402, Taiwan; Department of Nursing, Asia UniversityTaichung 41354, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Hon-Kan
authors.initials: HK
authors.lastname: Yip
keywords: Endothelial denudation; circulating microparticles; inflammation; neointimal proliferation; vascular wall remodeling