title: Evaluation of Hyaluronic Acid Dilutions at Different Concentrations Using a Quartz Crystal Resonator (QCR) for the Potential Diagnosis of Arthritic Diseases.
abstract: The main objective of this article is to demonstrate through experimental means the capacity of the quartz crystal resonator (QCR) to characterize biological samples of aqueous dilutions of hyaluronic acid according to their viscosity and how this capacity may be useful in the potential diagnosis of arthritic diseases. The synovial fluid is viscous due to the presence of hyaluronic acid, synthesized by synovial lining cells (type B), and secreted into the synovial fluid thus making the fluid viscous. In consequence, aqueous dilutions of hyaluronic acid may be used as samples to emulate the synovial fluid. Due to the viscoelastic and pseudo-plastic behavior of hyaluronic acid, it is necessary to use the Rouse model in order to obtain viscosity values comparable with viscometer measures. A Fungilab viscometer (rheometer) was used to obtain reference measures of the viscosity in each sample in order to compare them with the QCR prototype measures.
authors.affiliation: Center for Biomedical Technology (CTB), Technical University of Madrid (UPM), 28040 Madrid, Spain. luis.carvajal@ctb.upm.com.|Networking Research Center of Bioengineering, Biomaterials and Nanomedicine (CIBER-BBN), Technical University of Madrid (UPM), 28040 Madrid, Spain. luis.carvajal@ctb.upm.com.|Research and Technological Development Center of Electrical, Electronic and ICT Industry (CIDEI), 111311 Bogotá, Colombia. luis.carvajal@ctb.upm.com.|Faculty of Engineering and Basic Sciences, Central University, 111711 Bogotá, Colombia. luis.carvajal@ctb.upm.com.
authors.forename: Luis Armando Carvajal
authors.initials: LA
authors.lastname: Ahumada
authors.affiliation: Center for Biomedical Technology (CTB), Technical University of Madrid (UPM), 28040 Madrid, Spain. marco.rivera.gonzalez@alumnos.upm.es.|Networking Research Center of Bioengineering, Biomaterials and Nanomedicine (CIBER-BBN), Technical University of Madrid (UPM), 28040 Madrid, Spain. marco.rivera.gonzalez@alumnos.upm.es.
authors.forename: Marco Xavier Rivera
authors.initials: MX
authors.lastname: González
authors.affiliation: Research and Technological Development Center of Electrical, Electronic and ICT Industry (CIDEI), 111311 Bogotá, Colombia. oherreras@ucentral.edu.co.|Faculty of Engineering and Basic Sciences, Central University, 111711 Bogotá, Colombia. oherreras@ucentral.edu.co.
authors.forename: Oscar Leonardo Herrera
authors.initials: OL
authors.lastname: Sandoval
authors.affiliation: Center for Biomedical Technology (CTB), Technical University of Madrid (UPM), 28040 Madrid, Spain. josejavier.serrano@ctb.upm.es.|Networking Research Center of Bioengineering, Biomaterials and Nanomedicine (CIBER-BBN), Technical University of Madrid (UPM), 28040 Madrid, Spain. josejavier.serrano@ctb.upm.es.
authors.forename: José Javier Serrano
authors.initials: JJ
authors.lastname: Olmedo
mesh_terms: D001168:Arthritis / Q000175:diagnosis*; D006801:Humans; D006820:Hyaluronic Acid / Q000737:chemistry*; D013582:Synovial Fluid / Q000737:chemistry; D014783:Viscosity
chemical_list: D006820:Hyaluronic Acid
keywords: QCR; arthritic disease; non-Newtonian fluid; synovial fluid; viscosity