title: Altered Expression of CXCL13 and CXCR5 in Intractable Temporal Lobe Epilepsy Patients and Pilocarpine-Induced Epileptic Rats.
abstract: The mechanisms that underlie the pathogenesis of epilepsy are still unclear. Recent studies have indicated that inflammatory processes occurring in the brain are involved in a common and crucial mechanism in epileptogenesis. C-X-C motif chemokine ligand 13 (CXCL13) and its only receptor, C-X-C motif chemokine receptor 5 (CXCR5), are highly expressed in the central nervous system (CNS) and participate in inflammatory responses. The present study aimed to assess the expression of CXCL13 and CXCR5 in the brain tissues of both patients with intractable epilepsy (IE) and a rat model (lithium-pilocarpine) of temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE) to identify possible roles of the CXCL13-CXCR5 signaling pathway in epileptogenesis. Real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR), immunohistochemical, double-labeled immunofluorescence and Western blot analyses were performed in this study. CXCL13 and CXCR5 mRNA expression and protein levels were found to be significantly up-regulated in the TLE patients and TLE rats. Further, CXCL13 and CXCR5 protein levels were altered during the different epileptic phases after onset of status epilepticus (SE) in the pilocarpine model rats, including the acute phase (6, 24, and 72 h), latent phase (7 and 14 days) and chronic phase (30 and 60 days groups). Moreover, double-labeled immunofluorescence analysis revealed that CXCL13 was mainly expressed in the cytomembranes and cytoplasm of neurons and astrocytes, while CXCR5 was mainly expressed in the cytomembranes and cytoplasm of neurons. Thus, the CXCL13-CXCR5 signaling pathway may play a possible pathogenic role in IE. CXCL13 and CXCR5 may represent potential biomarkers of brain inflammation in epileptic patients.
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, Seond Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, 74 Lin Jiang Road, Chongqing, 400010, China.
authors.forename: Ruohan
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, Seond Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, 74 Lin Jiang Road, Chongqing, 400010, China.
authors.forename: Limin
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Ma
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, Seond Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, 74 Lin Jiang Road, Chongqing, 400010, China.
authors.forename: Hao
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Huang
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, Seond Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, 74 Lin Jiang Road, Chongqing, 400010, China.
authors.forename: Shu
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Ou
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, Seond Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, 74 Lin Jiang Road, Chongqing, 400010, China.
authors.forename: Jinxian
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Yuan
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, Seond Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, 74 Lin Jiang Road, Chongqing, 400010, China.
authors.forename: Tao
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Xu
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, Seond Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, 74 Lin Jiang Road, Chongqing, 400010, China.
authors.forename: Xinyuan
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Yu
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, Seond Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, 74 Lin Jiang Road, Chongqing, 400010, China.
authors.forename: Xi
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, Seond Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, 74 Lin Jiang Road, Chongqing, 400010, China.
authors.forename: Juan
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, Seond Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, 74 Lin Jiang Road, Chongqing, 400010, China.
authors.forename: Yangmei
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, Seond Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, 74 Lin Jiang Road, Chongqing, 400010, China. px5523@126.com.
authors.forename: Xi
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Peng
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000818:Animals; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000378:metabolism; D054382:Chemokine CXCL13 / Q000096:biosynthesis* / Q000235:genetics; D002648:Child; D004827:Epilepsy / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D004833:Epilepsy, Temporal Lobe / Q000139:chemically induced* / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D005260:Female; D005786:Gene Expression Regulation; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D019579:Neocortex / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D010862:Pilocarpine / Q000633:toxicity*; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D054380:Receptors, CXCR5 / Q000096:biosynthesis* / Q000235:genetics; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; C110663:CXCL13 protein, human; C095085:CXCR5 protein, human; D054382:Chemokine CXCL13; D054380:Receptors, CXCR5; D010862:Pilocarpine
keywords: CXCL13; CXCR5; Chemokines; Inflammation; Pilocarpine; Temporal lobe epilepsy