title: Metabolic responses and "omics" technologies for elucidating the effects of heat stress in dairy cows.
abstract: Heat stress (HS) negatively affects various industries that rely on animal husbandry, particularly the dairy industry. A better understanding of metabolic responses in HS dairy cows is necessary to elucidate the physiological mechanisms of HS and offer a new perspective for future research. In this paper, we review the current knowledge of responses of body metabolism (lipid, carbohydrate, and protein), endocrine profiles, and bovine mammary epithelial cells during HS. Furthermore, we summarize the metabolomics and proteomics data that have revealed the metabolite profiles and differentially expressed proteins that are a feature of HS in dairy cows. Analysis of metabolic changes and "omics" data demonstrated that HS is characterized by reduced lipolysis, increased glycolysis, and catabolism of amino acids in dairy cows. Here, analysis of the impairment of immune function during HS and of the inflammation that arises after long-term HS might suggest new strategies to ameliorate the effects of HS in dairy production.
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100193, People's Republic of China.|State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Li
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Min
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100193, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Shengguo
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Zhao
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100193, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: He
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Tian
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100193, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Xu
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Zhou
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100193, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Yangdong
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100193, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Songli
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Hongjian
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100193, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Nan
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Zheng
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100193, People's Republic of China. jiaqiwang@vip.163.com.
authors.forename: Jiaqi
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Wang
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002417:Cattle / Q000378:metabolism*; D002418:Cattle Diseases / Q000378:metabolism*; D005260:Female; D018882:Heat Stress Disorders / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000662:veterinary*; D006358:Hot Temperature / Q000009:adverse effects; D055432:Metabolomics; D040901:Proteomics
keywords: Body metabolism; Dairy cows; Endocrine profiles; Heat stress; Metabolomics; Proteomics