title: Health Effects Due to Radionuclides Content of Solid Minerals within Port of Richards Bay, South Africa.
abstract: This study assessed the radiological health hazards to various body organs of workers working within Transnet Precinct in Richards Bay in Kwazulu-Natal, South Africa due to radionuclide content of mineral ores often stored within the facility. Thirty samples were collected from five mineral ores (rock phosphate, rutile, zircon, coal and hematite) and analyzed for238U,234U,226Ra,210Pb,235U,232Th,228Ra,228Th and40K using delayed neutron activation analysis and low energy gamma spectroscopy. Rutile was found to be the most radioactive mineral ore within the facility with210Pb concentration of 759.00 ± 106.00 Bq·kg-1. Effective annual dose rate in (mSv·y-1) delivered to different organs of the body: testes, bone marrow, whole body, lungs and ovaries from mineral ores were such that dose from mineral ores decreased in the order coal > rutile > rock phosphate > hematite > zircon. The organs with the highest received dose rate were the testes and this received dose was from coal. However, all of the calculated absorbed dose rates to organs of the body were below the maximum permissible safety limits.
authors.affiliation: Applied Physics and Engineering Mathematics Department, University of Johannesburg, P.O Box 17011, Doornfontein 2028, South Africa. masokfelix@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Felix B
authors.initials: FB
authors.lastname: Masok
authors.affiliation: Applied Physics and Engineering Mathematics Department, University of Johannesburg, P.O Box 17011, Doornfontein 2028, South Africa. plmasiteng@uj.ac.za.
authors.forename: Paulus L
authors.initials: PL
authors.lastname: Masiteng
authors.affiliation: Applied Physics and Engineering Mathematics Department, University of Johannesburg, P.O Box 17011, Doornfontein 2028, South Africa. dmavunda@uj.ac.za.|South African Nuclear Energy Corporation (Necsa), P.O Box 582, Pretoria 0001, South Africa. dmavunda@uj.ac.za.
authors.forename: Risimati D
authors.initials: RD
authors.lastname: Mavunda
authors.affiliation: Department of Nuclear Physics, iThemba LABS, National Research Foundation, P.O Box 722, Somerset West 7129, South Africa. pmaleka@tlabs.ac.za.
authors.forename: Peane P
authors.initials: PP
authors.lastname: Maleka
mesh_terms: D061006:Bays; D005720:Gamma Rays; D006801:Humans; D008903:Minerals / Q000032:analysis; D011829:Radiation Dosage; D011834:Radiation Monitoring; D011868:Radioisotopes / Q000032:analysis*; D012990:Soil Pollutants, Radioactive / Q000032:analysis*; D013019:South Africa
chemical_list: D008903:Minerals; D011868:Radioisotopes; D012990:Soil Pollutants, Radioactive
keywords: activity concentration; cancer risk; geogenic; hazard index; mineral samples