title: Skin rejuvenation using cosmetic products containing growth factors, cytokines, and matrikines: a review of the literature.
abstract: Skin aging is primarily due to alterations in the dermal extracellular matrix, especially a decrease in collagen I content, fragmentation of collagen fibrils, and accumulation of amorphous elastin material, also known as elastosis. Growth factors and cytokines are included in several cosmetic products intended for skin rejuvenation because of their ability to promote collagen synthesis. Matrikines and matrikine-like peptides offer the advantage of growth factor-like activities but better skin penetration due to their much smaller molecular size. In this review, we summarize the commercially available products containing growth factors, cytokines, and matrikines for which there is evidence that they promote skin rejuvenation.
authors.affiliation: Merz Pharmaceuticals GmbH, Frankfurt am Main, Germany.
authors.forename: Caroline
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Aldag
authors.affiliation: Merz Pharmaceuticals GmbH, Frankfurt am Main, Germany.
authors.forename: Diana
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Nogueira Teixeira
authors.affiliation: 4Clinics, Paris, France.
authors.forename: Phillip S
authors.initials: PS
authors.lastname: Leventhal
keywords: aging; cosmetics; cytokine; growth factor; matrikine; skin