title: Targeted therapy for breast cancer and molecular mechanisms of resistance to treatment.
abstract: In recent years, clinical trials investigating new drugs and therapeutic combinations have led to promising advances in breast cancer therapy. Subtyping breast cancers into hormone receptor (HR) positive, epidermal growth factor receptor (HER2) positive, and triple negative breast cancer (TNBC) is currently the basis of diagnosing and treating this disease. In addition to endocrine and HER2-targeted therapies in their respective subtypes, evidence from recent preclinical studies have shown several targetable pathways that overcome resistance in the clinical setting. The mTOR inhibitor everolimus and the CDK4/6 inhibitor palbociclib have been approved in HR-positive metastatic breast cancer (MBC) due to improved disease-free survival (DFS). Adding pertuzumab to trastuzumab in combination with taxanes further improves DFS in HER2-positive breast cancer. Targeted therapy to the heterogeneous group of TNBC is needed in combination with chemotherapy. However, patient selection and predictive biomarker development remains a big challenge for targeted therapy development in TNBC.
authors.affiliation: Lester & Sue Smith Breast Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA; Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA.
authors.forename: Guowei
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Gu
authors.affiliation: Lester & Sue Smith Breast Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA; Translational Biology and Molecular Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA.
authors.forename: Derek
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Dustin
authors.affiliation: Lester & Sue Smith Breast Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA; Dan L Duncan Cancer Center, One Baylor Plaza, Houston, TX 77030, USA. Electronic address: sfuqua@bcm.edu.
authors.forename: Suzanne Aw
authors.initials: SA
authors.lastname: Fuqua
mesh_terms: D000970:Antineoplastic Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology*; D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor / Q000378:metabolism; D001943:Breast Neoplasms / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000473:pathology; D018572:Disease-Free Survival; D015195:Drug Design; D019008:Drug Resistance, Neoplasm; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D058990:Molecular Targeted Therapy; D018579:Patient Selection
chemical_list: D000970:Antineoplastic Agents; D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor