title: Effects of Chromium-Loaded Chitosan Nanoparticles on Glucose Transporter 4, Relevant mRNA, and Proteins of Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinase, Akt2-Kinase, and AMP-Activated Protein Kinase of Skeletal Muscles in Finishing Pigs.
abstract: The study was conducted to evaluate the effects of chromium-loaded chitosan nanoparticles (Cr-CNP) on glucose transporter 4 (GLUT4), relevant messenger RNA (mRNA), and proteins involved in phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K), Akt2-kinase, and AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) of skeletal muscles in finishing pigs. A total of 120 crossbred barrows (BW 65.00 ± 1.26 kg) were randomly allotted to four dietary treatments, with three pens per treatment and 10 pigs per pen. Pigs were fed the basal diet supplemented with 0, 100, 200, or 400 μg/kg of Cr from Cr-CNP for 35 days. After the feeding trials, 24 pigs were slaughtered to collect longissimus muscle samples for analysis. Cr-CNP supplementation increased GLUT4 messenger RNA (mRNA) (quadratically, P < 0.01) and total and plasma membrane GLUT4 protein contents (linearly and quadratically, P < 0.001) in skeletal muscles. Glycogen synthase kinase 3β (GSK-3β) mRNA was decreased linearly (P < 0.001) and quadratically (P < 0.001). Supplemental Cr-CNP increased insulin receptor (InsR) mRNA quadratically (P < 0.01), Akt2 total protein level linearly (P < 0.01) and quadratically (P < 0.001), and PI3K total protein was increased significantly (P < 0.05) in 200 μg/kg treatment group. The mRNA of AMPK subunit gamma-3 (PRKAG3) and protein of AMPKα1was significantly increased (P < 0.001) with the addition of Cr-CNP. The results indicate that dietary supplementation of Cr-CNP may promote glucose uptake by leading to recruitment of GLUT4 to the plasma membrane in skeletal muscles, and these actions may be associated with the insulin signal transduction and AMPK.
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of Molecular Animal Nutrition, Ministry of Education, College of Animal Science, Zhejiang University, 866 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou, 310058, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Lujie
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of Molecular Animal Nutrition, Ministry of Education, College of Animal Science, Zhejiang University, 866 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou, 310058, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Bin
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: Department of Animal Science, Jiangxi Biotech Vocational College, 608 Nanlian Road, Nanchang, 330200, Jiangxi, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Yudan
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: He
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of Molecular Animal Nutrition, Ministry of Education, College of Animal Science, Zhejiang University, 866 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou, 310058, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Wenjing
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Tao
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of Molecular Animal Nutrition, Ministry of Education, College of Animal Science, Zhejiang University, 866 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou, 310058, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Zixun
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of Molecular Animal Nutrition, Ministry of Education, College of Animal Science, Zhejiang University, 866 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou, 310058, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China. wangmq@zju.edu.cn.
authors.forename: Minqi
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Wang
mesh_terms: D055372:AMP-Activated Protein Kinases / Q000096:biosynthesis*; D000818:Animals; D048271:Chitosan / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology; D002857:Chromium / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology; D051275:Glucose Transporter Type 4 / Q000096:biosynthesis*; D018482:Muscle, Skeletal / Q000378:metabolism*; D053758:Nanoparticles / Q000737:chemistry*; D019869:Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinases / Q000096:biosynthesis*; D051057:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-akt / Q000096:biosynthesis*; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000096:biosynthesis*; D013552:Swine
chemical_list: D051275:Glucose Transporter Type 4; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D002857:Chromium; D048271:Chitosan; D019869:Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinases; D051057:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-akt; D055372:AMP-Activated Protein Kinases
keywords: AMP-activated protein kinase; Akt2-kinase; Chromium-loaded chitosan nanoparticles; Glucose transporter 4; Phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase; Pig