title: Plasma nitriding of titanium alloy: Effect of roughness, hardness, biocompatibility, and bonding with bone cement.
abstract: Titanium (Ti) alloys have been widely used in orthopedics and orthodontic surgeries as implants because of their beneficial chemical, mechanical, and biological properties. Improvement of these properties of a Ti alloy, Ti-6Al-4V Eli, is possible by the use of plasma nitriding treatment on the Ti alloy. The novelty of this study is the evaluation of a DC glow discharge nitrogen plasma treatment method on the surface, mechanical and biological properties of Ti alloy. Specifically, this study measured the chemical states, roughness, hardness, and biocompatibility of plasma nitride treated Ti-6Al-4V Eli as well as determined the effect of plasma treatment on the fracture strength between the Ti alloy and bone clement. This study hypothesized that DC glow discharge nitrogen plasma treatment may alter the surface chemical and mechanical states of the Ti alloy that may influence the fracture strength of implant/cement interfaces under static load. This study found that plasma nitride treatment on Ti alloy does not have effect on the roughness and biocompatibility (P value > 0.5), but significantly effect on the hardness and fracture strength of Ti-bone cement interfaces compared to those values of untreated Ti samples (P value < 0.5). Therefore, the DC glow discharge nitrogen plasma treated Ti alloy can potentially be used for orthopedic applications.
authors.affiliation: Department of Engineering & Physics, University of Central Oklahoma, Edmond, OK, USA.
authors.forename: Morshed
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Khandaker
authors.affiliation: Department of Engineering & Physics, University of Central Oklahoma, Edmond, OK, USA.
authors.forename: Shahram
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Riahinezhad
authors.affiliation: Department of Engineering & Physics, University of Central Oklahoma, Edmond, OK, USA.
authors.forename: Yanling
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: Department of Biology, University of Central Oklahoma, Edmond, OK, USA.
authors.forename: Melville B
authors.initials: MB
authors.lastname: Vaughan
authors.affiliation: Department of Mathematics and Statistics, University of Central Oklahoma, Edmond, OK, USA.
authors.forename: Fariha
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Sultana
authors.affiliation: Department of Mathematics and Statistics, University of Central Oklahoma, Edmond, OK, USA.
authors.forename: Tracy L
authors.initials: TL
authors.lastname: Morris
authors.affiliation: Amethyst Research, Inc., Ardmore, OK, USA.
authors.forename: Lucas
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Phinney
authors.affiliation: Amethyst Research, Inc., Ardmore, OK, USA.
authors.forename: Khalid
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Hossain
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001672:Biocompatible Materials / Q000737:chemistry*; D001843:Bone Cements / Q000737:chemistry*; D002448:Cell Adhesion; D002460:Cell Line; D003722:Dental Alloys / Q000737:chemistry*; D006244:Hardness; D008422:Materials Testing; D051379:Mice; D010006:Osteoblasts / Q000166:cytology; D058626:Plasma Gases / Q000737:chemistry*; D013499:Surface Properties; D013718:Tensile Strength; D014025:Titanium / Q000737:chemistry*
chemical_list: D001672:Biocompatible Materials; D001843:Bone Cements; D003722:Dental Alloys; D058626:Plasma Gases; C041500:titanium nitride; D014025:Titanium
keywords: Plasma nitriding; cement; fracture strength; interface; orthopedics; titanium