title: Sleep, circadian dysrhythmia, obesity and diabetes.
abstract: Synchrony of biological processes with environmental cues developed over millennia to match growth, reproduction and senescence. This entails a complex interplay of genetic, metabolic, chemical, light, hormonal and hedonistic factors across life forms. Sleep is one of the most prominent rhythms where such a match is established. Over the past 100 years or so, it has been possible to disturb the synchrony between sleep-wake cycle and environmental cues. Development of electric lights, shift work and continual accessibility of the internet has disrupted this match. As a result, many non-communicable diseases such as obesity, insulin resistance, type 2 diabetes, coronary artery disease and malignancies have been attributed in part to such disruption. In this presentation a review is made of the origin and evolution of sleep studies, the pathogenic mediators for such asynchrony, clinical evidence and relevance and suggested management options to deal with the disturbances.
authors.affiliation: Gumpeny Ramachandra Sridhar, Endocrine and Diabetes Centre, Visakhapatnam 530002, India.
authors.forename: Gumpeny Ramachandra
authors.initials: GR
authors.lastname: Sridhar
authors.affiliation: Gumpeny Ramachandra Sridhar, Endocrine and Diabetes Centre, Visakhapatnam 530002, India.
authors.forename: Narasimhadevara Santhi Nirmala
authors.initials: NS
authors.lastname: Sanjana
keywords: Chronotype; Clock; Evolution; Insulin resistance; Obesity; Shift work