title: Inhibitory effects of bee venom and its components against viruses in vitro and in vivo.
abstract: Bee venom (BV) from honey bee (Apis Melifera L.) contains at least 18 pharmacologically active components including melittin (MLT), phospholipase A2(PLA2), and apamin etc. BV is safe for human treatments dose dependently and proven to possess different healing properties including antibacterial and antiparasitidal properties. Nevertheless, antiviral properties of BV have not well investigated. Hence, we identified the potential antiviral properties of BV and its component against a broad panel of viruses. Co-incubation of non-cytotoxic amounts of BV and MLT, the main component of BV, significantly inhibited the replication of enveloped viruses such as Influenza A virus (PR8), Vesicular Stomatitis Virus (VSV), Respiratory Syncytial Virus (RSV), and Herpes Simplex Virus (HSV). Additionally, BV and MLT also inhibited the replication of non-enveloped viruses such as Enterovirus-71 (EV-71) and Coxsackie Virus (H3). Such antiviral properties were mainly explained by virucidal mechanism. Moreover, MLT protected mice which were challenged with lethal doses of pathogenic influenza A H1N1 viruses. Therefore, these results provides the evidence that BV and MLT could be a potential source as a promising antiviral agent, especially to develop as a broad spectrum antiviral agent.
authors.affiliation: College of Veterinary Medicine, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, 34134, Republic of Korea.|Faculty of Veterinary and Animal Science, Sylhet Agricultural University, Sylhet, 3100, Bangladesh.
authors.forename: Md Bashir
authors.initials: MB
authors.lastname: Uddin
authors.affiliation: College of Veterinary Medicine, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, 34134, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Byeong-Hoon
authors.initials: BH
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.affiliation: College of Veterinary Medicine, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, 34134, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Chamilani
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Nikapitiya
authors.affiliation: College of Veterinary Medicine, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, 34134, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Jae-Hoon
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.affiliation: College of Veterinary Medicine, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, 34134, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Tae-Hwan
authors.initials: TH
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.affiliation: College of Veterinary Medicine, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, 34134, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Hyun-Cheol
authors.initials: HC
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.affiliation: Chung Jin Biotech Corporation, Ansan, 15577, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Choul Goo
authors.initials: CG
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.affiliation: College of Veterinary Medicine, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, 34134, Republic of Korea. jongsool@cnu.ac.kr.
authors.forename: Jong-Soo
authors.initials: JS
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.affiliation: College of Veterinary Medicine, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, 34134, Republic of Korea. cjkim@cnu.ac.kr.
authors.forename: Chul-Joong
authors.initials: CJ
authors.lastname: Kim
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000998:Antiviral Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology*; D001030:Apamin / Q000737:chemistry; D001514:Bee Venoms / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology*; D002460:Cell Line; D004770:Enterovirus / Q000187:drug effects; D053118:Influenza A Virus, H1N1 Subtype / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology; D009980:Influenza A virus / Q000187:drug effects; D008555:Melitten / Q000494:pharmacology; D051379:Mice; D009976:Orthomyxoviridae Infections / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000821:virology; D018139:Simplexvirus / Q000187:drug effects; D014779:Virus Replication / Q000187:drug effects; D014780:Viruses / Q000187:drug effects*
chemical_list: D000998:Antiviral Agents; D001514:Bee Venoms; D008555:Melitten; D001030:Apamin
keywords: anti-viral activity; bee venom; melittin; virucidal effect