title: Defining Communication Improvement Needs in General Surgery: An Analysis of Pages, Communications, Patterns, and Content☆?>.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To describe patterns of pages communication to general surgery (GS) residents, identify the need for and develop strategies to improve interprofessional communication.
  
  
  METHODS
  Retrospective cohort study.
  
  
  METHODS
  General surgery (GS) service at a tertiary care academic institution, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, in Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
  
  
  METHODS
  All pages sent to GS residents over 4 weeks at an academic institution. Timing, training level of receiver and content of pages were captured.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Communication priority was assigned by 2 independent reviewers-low (121+ min), medium (31-120min), high (6-30min), and immediate (0-5min) priority. Overall, 2 independent reviewers analyzed pages' content through an inductive process, and generated themes. Of 2025 pages retrieved, 963 (47.5%) contained exclusively a call back number. A median of 74 pages per day (range: 43-116) were received, with median page interval of 9.4 minutes (range: 0-640). Junior residents received 79.5% of pages. Timing of the pages was 43.9% weekday shift, 31.8% weeknight shift, and 24.3% weekend call. Communication priority was deemed low for 35.4% of pages, medium for 32.3%, high for 12.4%, and immediate for 0.7%. Content analysis of 1062 pages generated 5 major themes: nonurgent medical issue (54.0%), administrative (15.3%), communication (13.5%), emergencies (4.8%), and GS consultation requests (4.0%). Priority and content of pages varied according to training level and page timing.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Pages to GS residents were frequent and most often of low priority. They were seldom related to urgent medical matters. Education and new communication strategies are warranted to reduce low priority pages.
authors.affiliation: Division of General Surgery, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Department of Surgery, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Sunnybrook Research Institute, Evaluative Clinical Sciences, Toronto, Ontario, Canada. Electronic address: julie.hallet@sunnybrook.ca.
authors.forename: Julie
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Hallet
authors.affiliation: Division of General Surgery, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
authors.forename: David
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Wallace
authors.affiliation: Division of General Surgery, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
authors.forename: Abraham
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: El-Sedfy
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Division of General Surgery, St Michael's Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
authors.forename: Najma
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Ahmed
authors.affiliation: Division of General Surgery, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Department of Surgery, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
authors.forename: Andrew J
authors.initials: AJ
authors.lastname: Smith
authors.affiliation: Division of General Surgery, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Department of Surgery, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Sunnybrook Research Institute, Evaluative Clinical Sciences, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
authors.forename: Avery B
authors.initials: AB
authors.lastname: Nathens
authors.affiliation: Sunnybrook Research Institute, Evaluative Clinical Sciences, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
authors.forename: Lesley Gotlib
authors.initials: LG
authors.lastname: Conn
authors.affiliation: Division of General Surgery, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Department of Surgery, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Sunnybrook Research Institute, Evaluative Clinical Sciences, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
authors.forename: Natalie G
authors.initials: NG
authors.lastname: Coburn
mesh_terms: D000046:Academic Medical Centers; D000328:Adult; D015331:Cohort Studies; D004503:Education, Medical, Graduate / Q000379:methods*; D005260:Female; D013502:General Surgery / Q000193:education*; D006801:Humans; D033183:Interdisciplinary Communication; D007396:Internship and Residency / Q000458:organization & administration*; D008297:Male; D020380:Needs Assessment; D009864:Ontario; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D062606:Tertiary Care Centers
keywords: Interpersonal and Communication Skills; Patient Care; Professionalism; communication; education; page; residents