title: Carotid artery stenting versus no stenting assisting thrombectomy for acute ischaemic stroke: protocol for a systematic review of randomised clinical trials with meta-analyses and trial sequential analyses.
abstract: In patients with intracranial large vessel arterial occlusion, ipsilateral extracranial carotid artery occlusions or near-occlusions pose a significant hurdle in endovascular management of acute ischaemic stroke. Stenting of the carotid lesion may be beneficial in this situation to provide a stable access for introducing catheters through the carotid lesion into the intracranial vasculature and the target occlusion. Furthermore, carotid stenting may ensure ample blood flow for wash-out of clot material and reperfusion of the ischaemic penumbral tissue. However, antiplatelet therapy administered to prevent stent thrombosis and sudden increase in blood flow after reopening of the carotid lesion may increase the risk for intracranial haemorrhagic complications. This review aims to assess the benefits and harms of carotid stenting vs. no stenting assisting thrombectomy for acute ischaemic stroke.
  
  
  
  International and regional electronic databases will be searched to identify eligible randomised clinical trials. To identify further published, unpublished, or on-going and planned trials searches of Google Scholar, Worldwide Food and Drug Administrations, Worldwide Medicines Agencies, company homepages, reference lists, conference proceedings, and the Science Citation Index cited reference search index will be conducted. Manufacturers of relevant interventional equipment, authors, colleagues, and researchers active in the field will be contacted. No language restrictions will be applied to these searches. Randomised clinical trials will be included for assessing benefits and harms and quasi-randomised studies, and observational studies will be included for assessing harms of the intervention. Meta-analyses will be performed according to the recommendations of the Cochrane Handbook for Systematic Reviews of Interventions, and Trial Sequential Analyses will be conducted to control the risk of random errors and prevent premature statements of superiority of the experimental or control intervention or premature statement of futility. The quality of the evidence will be evaluated with the Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development, and Evaluation.
  
  
  
  This systematic review of carotid stenting in endovascular management of acute ischaemic stroke in patients with concomitant extracranial carotid lesions and intracranial embolism will assess benefits and harms of this intervention and assesses whether carotid stenting should be encouraged or avoided in acute ischaemic stroke and identify targets for further research.
  
  
  
  PROSPERO CRD42016033346.
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen University Hospital, 2082, Rigshospitalet, Blegdamsvej 9, 2100, Copenhagen, Denmark. henrik.steglich@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Henrik
authors.identifier: 0000-0002-9621-4251
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Steglich-Arnholm
authors.affiliation: Department of Neuroradiology, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark.
authors.forename: Markus
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Holtmannspötter
authors.affiliation: The Copenhagen Trial Unit, Centre for Clinical Intervention Research, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark.
authors.forename: Christian
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Gluud
authors.affiliation: Deptartment of Neurology Comprehensive Stroke Center, University Hospital, Zurich, Switzerland.|Deptartment of Neurology Mediclinic City Hospital, Stroke Unit, Dubai Health Care City, Dubai, United Arab Emirates.
authors.forename: Derk Wolfgang
authors.initials: DW
authors.lastname: Krieger
mesh_terms: D002339:Carotid Arteries; D006801:Humans; D016032:Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic; D015607:Stents / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D020521:Stroke / Q000628:therapy*; D000078202:Systematic Reviews as Topic; D017131:Thrombectomy; D015201:Meta-Analysis as Topic
keywords: Acute; Carotid; Carotid occlusion; Stenting; Stroke; Thrombectomy