title: Effect of HIV infection in the micronuclei frequency on the oral mucosa.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The genotoxic impact of HIV infection on the oral cavity malignancies is unknown. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of HIV infection in micronucleus (MN) frequency on the oral mucosa of HIV+ patients and establish a relationship with early cytogenetic changes in oral carcinogenesis.
  
  
  METHODS
  Thirty HIV+ individuals who are under highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) and 30 non-HIV patients were evaluated. Two smears were taken from the lateral border of the tongue and mouth floor and stained by Feulgen. The frequency of MN was examined in 3000 cells per subject under common microscopy.
  
  
  RESULTS
  MN analysis showed no significant difference between groups by Mann-Whitney U-test for total MNs (P = 0.178). The presence of single MN was greater in control group with statistical significance (P = 0.009), while in HIV group, multiple MNs were exhibited in higher mean.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  HIV patients under HAART therapy and low viral load values showed higher frequency of multiple MNs, which, although not statistically significant, may be caused by the action of the Vpr gene, an accessory gene of HIV. These results corroborate the theory of HIV infection cytogenetic damage.
authors.affiliation: University Braz Cubas, Mogi das Cruzes, São Paulo, Brazil.
authors.forename: Celina Faig
authors.initials: CF
authors.lastname: Lima
authors.affiliation: University Braz Cubas, Mogi das Cruzes, São Paulo, Brazil.
authors.forename: Monica Ghislaine Oliveira
authors.initials: MGO
authors.lastname: Alves
authors.affiliation: Department of Infectology, Heliopolis Hospital, São Paulo, Brazil.
authors.forename: Juvencio Jose Duailibe
authors.initials: JJD
authors.lastname: Furtado
authors.affiliation: Department of Stomatology, Heliopolis Hospital, São Paulo, Brazil.
authors.forename: Marcelo
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Marcucci
authors.affiliation: Department of Social and Pediatric Dentistry, São Paulo State University (Unesp), Institute of Science and Technology, São José dos Campos, São Paulo, Brazil.
authors.forename: Ivan
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Balducci
authors.affiliation: Department of Bioscience and Oral Diagnosis, São Paulo State University (Unesp), Institute of Science and Technology, São José dos Campos, São Paulo, Brazil.
authors.forename: Janete Dias
authors.initials: JD
authors.lastname: Almeida
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D023241:Antiretroviral Therapy, Highly Active; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D005260:Female; D015658:HIV Infections / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000473:pathology*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D048629:Micronuclei, Chromosome-Defective / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D015162:Micronucleus Tests; D008875:Middle Aged; D009061:Mouth Mucosa / Q000473:pathology*; D019562:Viral Load
keywords: AIDS; HIV; HIV infection; cytodiagnosis; exfoliative cytology; micronuclei; oral mucosa