title: Pictorial review: the pearls and pitfalls of the radiological manifestations of gallstone ileus.
abstract: We present a pictorial review of a range of typical and atypical cases of gallstone ileus (GI), across a wide range of imaging modalities. GI is a complication of gallstone disease causing mechanical intestinal obstruction due to impaction of gallstone in the gastrointestinal tract. The spectrum of presentation can vary enormously, and we highlight the importance of accurate imaging diagnosis of GI especially early use of computed tomography. This will lead to timely and appropriate surgical intervention with the potential avoidance of unnecessary outcomes. The ambition of pictorial synopsis is to make the radiologists to be more vigilant to the common and more obscure imaging findings of GI.
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, Aintree University Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, Lower Lane, Liverpool, L9 7AL, UK. pshan.chuah@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Phei Shan
authors.identifier: 0000-0001-6473-3893
authors.initials: PS
authors.lastname: Chuah
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, Aintree University Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, Lower Lane, Liverpool, L9 7AL, UK.
authors.forename: John
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Curtis
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, Aintree University Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, Lower Lane, Liverpool, L9 7AL, UK.
authors.forename: Nikhil
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Misra
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, Aintree University Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, Lower Lane, Liverpool, L9 7AL, UK.
authors.forename: Dina
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Hikmat
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, Aintree University Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, Lower Lane, Liverpool, L9 7AL, UK. sumita.chawla@aintree.nhs.uk.
authors.forename: Sumita
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Chawla
mesh_terms: D003937:Diagnosis, Differential; D003952:Diagnostic Imaging; D042882:Gallstones / Q000150:complications* / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D006801:Humans; D007077:Ileal Diseases / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000209:etiology*; D045823:Ileus / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000209:etiology*
keywords: Bouveret’s syndrome; Duodenal and enteric fistulae; Gallstone ileus; Pictorial review; Rigler’s triad