title: A review of ecosystem service benefits from wild bees across social contexts.
abstract: In order to understand the role of wild bees in both social and ecological systems, we conducted a quantitative and qualitative review of publications dealing with wild bees and the benefits they provide in social contexts. We classified publications according to several attributes such as services and benefits derived from wild bees, types of bee-human interactions, recipients of direct benefits, social contexts where wild bees are found, and sources of changes to the bee-human system. We found that most of the services and benefits from wild bees are related to food, medicine, and pollination. We also found that wild bees directly provide benefits to communities to a greater extent than individuals. In the social contexts where they are found, wild bees occupy a central role. Several drivers of change affect bee-human systems, ranging from environmental to political drivers. These are the areas where we recommend making interventions for conserving the bee-human system.
authors.affiliation: Department of Ecology and Natural Resources Management, Center for Development Research, University of Bonn, Walter-Flex-Str. 3, 53113, Bonn, Germany. denise.matias@uni-bonn.de.
authors.forename: Denise Margaret S
authors.identifier: http://orcid.org/0000-0002-6047-1176
authors.initials: DM
authors.lastname: Matias
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Sustainability, Institute of Ethics and Transdisciplinary Sustainability Research, Leuphana University, Scharnhorstr. 1, 21335, Lüneburg, Germany.
authors.forename: Julia
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Leventon
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Sustainability, Center for Methods, Leuphana University, Scharnhorstr. 1, 21335, Lüneburg, Germany.
authors.forename: Anna-Lena
authors.initials: AL
authors.lastname: Rau
authors.affiliation: Department of Ecology and Natural Resources Management, Center for Development Research, University of Bonn, Walter-Flex-Str. 3, 53113, Bonn, Germany.
authors.forename: Christian
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Borgemeister
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Sustainability, Center for Methods, Institute of Ecology, Leuphana University, Scharnhorstr. 1, 21335, Lüneburg, Germany.
authors.forename: Henrik
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: von Wehrden
mesh_terms: D000383:Agriculture; D000818:Animals; D001516:Bees; D003247:Conservation of Natural Resources / Q000191:economics*; D018556:Crops, Agricultural; D004463:Ecology / Q000191:economics; D017753:Ecosystem; D054817:Pollination
keywords: Community; Ecosystem cascade framework; Livelihoods framework; Social–ecological systems