title: Drought-related secondary metabolites of barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) leaves and their metabolomic quantitative trait loci.
abstract: Determining the role of plant secondary metabolites in stress conditions is problematic due to the diversity of their structures and the complexity of their interdependence with different biological pathways. Correlation of metabolomic data with the genetic background provides essential information about the features of metabolites. LC-MS analysis of leaf metabolites from 100 barley recombinant inbred lines (RILs) revealed that 98 traits among 135 detected phenolic and terpenoid compounds significantly changed their level as a result of drought stress. Metabolites with similar patterns of change were grouped in modules, revealing differences among RILs and parental varieties at early and late stages of drought. The most significant changes in stress were observed for ferulic and sinapic acid derivatives as well as acylated glycosides of flavones. The tendency to accumulate methylated compounds was a major phenomenon in this set of samples. In addition, the polyamine derivatives hordatines as well as terpenoid blumenol C derivatives were observed to be drought related. The correlation of drought-related compounds with molecular marker polymorphisms resulted in the definition of metabolomic quantitative trait loci in the genomic regions of single-nucleotide polymorphism 3101-111 and simple sequence repeat Bmag0692 with multiple linkages to metabolites. The associations pointed to genes related to the defence response and response to cold, heat and oxidative stress, but not to genes related to biosynthesis of the compounds. We postulate that the significant metabolites have a role as antioxidants, regulators of gene expression and modulators of protein function in barley during drought.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Plant Genetics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Strzeszyńska 34, 60-479, Poznań, Poland.
authors.forename: Anna
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Piasecka
authors.affiliation: Institute of Plant Genetics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Strzeszyńska 34, 60-479, Poznań, Poland.
authors.forename: Aneta
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Sawikowska
authors.affiliation: Institute of Plant Genetics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Strzeszyńska 34, 60-479, Poznań, Poland.
authors.forename: Anetta
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Kuczyńska
authors.affiliation: Institute of Plant Genetics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Strzeszyńska 34, 60-479, Poznań, Poland.
authors.forename: Piotr
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Ogrodowicz
authors.affiliation: Institute of Plant Genetics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Strzeszyńska 34, 60-479, Poznań, Poland.
authors.forename: Krzysztof
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Mikołajczak
authors.affiliation: Institute of Plant Genetics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Strzeszyńska 34, 60-479, Poznań, Poland.
authors.forename: Karolina
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Krystkowiak
authors.affiliation: Department of Genetics, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Silesia, Jagiellońska 28, 40-032, Katowice, Poland.
authors.forename: Kornelia
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Gudyś
authors.affiliation: Department of Genetics, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Silesia, Jagiellońska 28, 40-032, Katowice, Poland.
authors.forename: Justyna
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Guzy-Wróbelska
authors.affiliation: Institute of Plant Genetics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Strzeszyńska 34, 60-479, Poznań, Poland.
authors.forename: Paweł
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Krajewski
authors.affiliation: Institute of Plant Genetics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Strzeszyńska 34, 60-479, Poznań, Poland.
authors.forename: Piotr
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Kachlicki
mesh_terms: D000975:Antioxidants / Q000378:metabolism; D055864:Droughts; D001467:Hordeum / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000502:physiology*; D018515:Plant Leaves / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000502:physiology*; D040641:Quantitative Trait Loci / Q000235:genetics*
chemical_list: D000975:Antioxidants
keywords: 
  Hordeum vulgare
  ; drought response; metabolomic quantitative trait loci; recombinant inbred lines; secondary metabolites