title: Evaluation of the Potential Optical Radiation Hazards with Led Lamps Intended for Home Use.
abstract: The authors evaluated the potential for ocular damage from optical radiation emitted by Light Emitting Diode (LED) based lamps used for general illumination. Ten LED lamps were randomly selected off the shelf from a local home improvement store. The LEDs were behind diffusers in half of these lamps, while in the other half, the LEDs were clearly visible. In addition, a battery powered LED lantern having a LED source behind a diffuser was measured. The optical radiation emissions from two common incandescent lamps were also measured to compare the relative hazards of LED and incandescent lamps. All lamp samples were evaluated in accordance with procedures specified in the American National Standards Institute/Illuminating Engineering Society of North America (ANSI/IESNA) Standard RP-27.3. For comparison purposes, the lantern and 100 W incandescent lamps were also evaluated according to ANSI RP-27.1. These measurements indicate that no lamp evaluated poses any photobiological hazard, and therefore, all lamps fall in the RP-27.3 category of Exempt Group. However, when evaluated in accordance with RP-27.1, the 100 W incandescent lamp would be classified in Risk Group 1 (low risk), while the LED lantern would be classified in Risk Group 2 (moderate risk).
authors.affiliation: *Optical Therapeutics and Medical Nanophotonics Laboratory Office of Science and Engineering Laboratories, Center for Devices and Radiological Health, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, MD 20993; †Office of Device Evaluation, Center for Devices and Radiological Health, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, MD 20993.
authors.forename: Robert H
authors.initials: RH
authors.lastname: James
authors.forename: Robert J
authors.initials: RJ
authors.lastname: Landry
authors.forename: Bennett N
authors.initials: BN
authors.lastname: Walker
authors.forename: Ilko K
authors.initials: IK
authors.lastname: Ilev
mesh_terms: D004867:Equipment Design; D019544:Equipment Failure Analysis / Q000592:standards; D005131:Eye Injuries / Q000517:prevention & control; D017408:Guidelines as Topic; D006801:Humans; D038622:Internationality; D008029:Lighting / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000295:instrumentation* / Q000592:standards*; D008452:Maximum Allowable Concentration; D011829:Radiation Dosage; D011832:Radiation Injuries / Q000517:prevention & control; D011835:Radiation Protection / Q000592:standards; D011874:Radiometry / Q000592:standards*; D012666:Semiconductors