title: Green, Yellow, and Red risk perception in everyday life - a communication tool.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Adolescents have the highest risk for food allergy-related fatalities. Our main aim was to investigate the level of risk in everyday social situations as perceived by adolescents/young adults with peanut allergy, their families, and their friends.
  
  
  METHODS
  The web-based 'Colours Of Risks' (COR) questionnaire was completed by 70 patients (aged 12-23 years), 103 mothers and fathers, 31 siblings (aged 12-26 years), and 42 friends (aged 12-24 years). COR deals with six main contexts (home, school/university, work, visiting/social activities, special occasions/parties, and vacations), each with 1-12 items. Response categories are green (I feel safe), yellow (I feel uncertain), or red (I feel everything is risky).
  
  
  RESULTS
  There was a high level of agreement between participants in defining situations as safe, uncertain, or risky, but female patients and mothers rated fewer situations as safe compared to male patients and fathers. Being with close friends and family, and attending planned parties without alcohol were perceived as situations of low risk. While 94% of patients took an epinephrine auto-injector (EAI) into risky situations, only 65% took it into safe situations. In contrast to the close family, 31% of the friends did not know the patient had an EAI, and fewer knew how to administer the EAI.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Young adults with peanut allergy face challenges when moving from the safe home with ready assistance if needed, to independence with unpredictable surroundings and less certain help. Perceived 'safe' situations may in fact be the riskiest, as patients often do not take the EAI with them.
authors.affiliation: Odense Research Center for Anaphylaxis (ORCA), Department of Dermatology and Allergy Center, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark.
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Stensgaard
authors.affiliation: School of Applied Psychology, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland.
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: DunnGalvin
authors.affiliation: Migrant Health Clinic, Odense University Hospital, Odense C, Denmark.
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Nielsen
authors.affiliation: Research Unit of General Practice, Department of Public Health, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Munch
authors.affiliation: Odense Research Center for Anaphylaxis (ORCA), Department of Dermatology and Allergy Center, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark.
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Bindslev-Jensen
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D002648:Child; D005190:Family; D005260:Female; D005512:Food Hypersensitivity / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000523:psychology*; D007722:Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice; D006801:Humans; D020407:Internet; D008297:Male; D010465:Perception; D012306:Risk; D012737:Sex Factors; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D055815:Young Adult
keywords: adolescents/young adults; food allergy; health-related quality of life; risk/safety perception; self-management