title: Does Persistent Inflammatory Catabolic Syndrome Exist in Critically Ill Neonates?
abstract: Persistent inflammatory catabolic syndrome (PICS) has not been described in the infant population. This study proposes a definition of PICS in critically ill infants.
  
  
  
  A published adult criterion of PICS was modified using anthropometric and biochemical reference ranges for infants. A prospective chart review of admissions to a tertiary surgical neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) was performed over 65 days. Demographic, anthropometric, biochemical, and other clinical variables such as length of stay and medication use were collected daily throughout admission. Infants were categorized as having or not having PICS.
  
  
  
  Twenty percent of admitted infants (n = 15) developed PICS using the proposed criteria. Infants with PICS were more likely to be classified as failure to thrive (53%), meeting only 75% of their anticipated weight gain. Significantly more infants with PICS had undergone surgery (100%; P = .01), received inotropic medication (40%; P = .05), and had longer NICU and total hospital length of stay ( P < .001 and P < .001). Infants with PICS had higher peak glucose levels (11.8 ± 7.3 mmol/L) and elevated urea concentrations (7.9 ± 4.6 mmol/L).
  
  
  
  PICS does exist in a critically ill neonatal population and may be identified using the definition proposed in this study. Infants with PICS displayed metabolic dysregulation, impaired expected growth velocity, and longer length of stay despite no differences in severity scores or diagnosis between the groups. Validation of this work is required, and research into timely identification of infants with PICS is needed to inform whether these infants would benefit from earlier and novel nutrition intervention.
authors.affiliation: 1 Department of Agricultural, Food, and Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada.
authors.forename: Nicole
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Ellis
authors.affiliation: 1 Department of Agricultural, Food, and Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada.
authors.forename: Caitlin
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Hughes
authors.affiliation: 1 Department of Agricultural, Food, and Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada.
authors.forename: Vera
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Mazurak
authors.affiliation: 2 Department of Pediatrics, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada.
authors.forename: Chloe
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Joynt
authors.affiliation: 1 Department of Agricultural, Food, and Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada.|2 Department of Pediatrics, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada.|3 Nutrition Services, Alberta Health Services, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada.
authors.forename: Bodil
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Larsen
mesh_terms: D002097:C-Reactive Protein / Q000378:metabolism; D002657:Child Development; D016638:Critical Illness; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D007249:Inflammation / Q000097:blood / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000453:epidemiology*; D007363:Intensive Care Units, Neonatal; D007902:Length of Stay; D008297:Male; D010865:Pilot Projects; D011228:Prealbumin / Q000378:metabolism; D015995:Prevalence; D011446:Prospective Studies; D013577:Syndrome
chemical_list: D011228:Prealbumin; D002097:C-Reactive Protein
keywords: critical illness; growth failure; inflammation; neonate; surgery