title: Salinity modulates thermotolerance, energy metabolism and stress response in amphipodsGammarus lacustris.
abstract: Temperature and salinity are important abiotic factors for aquatic invertebrates. We investigated the influence of different salinity regimes on thermotolerance, energy metabolism and cellular stress defense mechanisms in amphipodsGammarus lacustrisSars from two populations. We exposed amphipods to different thermal scenarios and determined their survival as well as activity of major antioxidant enzymes (peroxidase, catalase, glutathione S-transferase) and parameters of energy metabolism (content of glucose, glycogen, ATP, ADP, AMP and lactate). Amphipods from a freshwater population were more sensitive to the thermal challenge, showing higher mortality during acute and gradual temperature change compared to their counterparts from a saline lake. A more thermotolerant population from a saline lake had high activity of antioxidant enzymes. The energy limitations of the freshwater population (indicated by low baseline glucose levels, downward shift of the critical temperature of aerobic metabolism and inability to maintain steady-state ATP levels during warming) was observed, possibly reflecting a trade-off between the energy demands for osmoregulation under the hypo-osmotic condition of a freshwater environment and protection against temperature stress.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Biology, Irkutsk State University , Irkutsk , Russia.
authors.forename: Kseniya P
authors.initials: KP
authors.lastname: Vereshchagina
authors.affiliation: Institute of Biology, Irkutsk State University , Irkutsk , Russia.
authors.forename: Yulia A
authors.initials: YA
authors.lastname: Lubyaga
authors.affiliation: Institute of Biology, Irkutsk State University, Irkutsk, Russia; Baikal Research Centre, Irkutsk, Russia.
authors.forename: Zhanna
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Shatilina
authors.affiliation: Institute of Biology, Irkutsk State University , Irkutsk , Russia.
authors.forename: Daria
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Bedulina
authors.affiliation: Institute of Biology, Irkutsk State University , Irkutsk , Russia.
authors.forename: Anton
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Gurkov
authors.affiliation: Institute of Biology, Irkutsk State University, Irkutsk, Russia; Baikal Research Centre, Irkutsk, Russia.
authors.forename: Denis V
authors.initials: DV
authors.lastname: Axenov-Gribanov
authors.affiliation: Institute of Biology, Irkutsk State University , Irkutsk , Russia.
authors.forename: Boris
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Baduev
authors.affiliation: Institute of Biology, Irkutsk State University , Irkutsk , Russia.
authors.forename: Elizaveta S
authors.initials: ES
authors.lastname: Kondrateva
authors.affiliation: Institute of Biophysics SB RAS , Krasnoyarsk , Russia.
authors.forename: Mikhail
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Gubanov
authors.affiliation: Institute of Biophysics SB RAS, Krasnoyarsk, Russia; Siberian Federal University, Krasnoyarsk, Russia.
authors.forename: Egor
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Zadereev
authors.affiliation: Institute for Biological Sciences, University of Rostock , Rostock , Germany.
authors.forename: Inna
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Sokolova
authors.affiliation: Institute of Biology, Irkutsk State University , Irkutsk , Russia.
authors.forename: Maxim
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Timofeyev
keywords: Adaptation; Amphipoda; Gammarus lacustris; Salinity; Thermal tolerance