title: Nicolau Syndrome due to Penicillin Injection: A Report of 3 Cases without Long-Term Complication.
abstract: Nicolau syndrome (NS) or livedo-like dermatitis is a rare complication of injection of various medications such as penicillin. The pathophysiology of this events is not clear, but some hypotheses are suggested, such as sympathetic nerve stimulation, embolic occlusion, inflammation, or mechanical injury. In this paper we report 3 cases of NS following benzathine penicillin. Clinical symptoms improved in 2 cases during 2-month follow-up, but one of them had a residual necrosis in the distal phalanges of the toes.
authors.affiliation: Growth and Development Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Children's Medical Center, Pediatric Center of Excellence, Tehran, Iran.
authors.forename: Sara
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Memarian
authors.affiliation: Growth and Development Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Children's Medical Center, Pediatric Center of Excellence, Tehran, Iran.
authors.forename: Behdad
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Gharib
authors.affiliation: Children's Medical Center, Pediatric Center of Excellence, Tehran, Iran; Department of Pediatrics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
authors.forename: Mohammd
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Gharagozlou
authors.affiliation: Children's Medical Center, Pediatric Center of Excellence, Tehran, Iran; Department of Pediatrics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
authors.forename: Hosein
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Alimadadi
authors.affiliation: Department of Infectious Diseases, Imam Khomeini Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
authors.forename: Zahra
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Ahmadinejad
authors.affiliation: Children's Medical Center, Pediatric Center of Excellence, Tehran, Iran; Department of Pediatrics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Pediatric Rheumatology Research Group, Rheumatology Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
authors.forename: Vahid
authors.identifier: 0000-0003-4648-3573
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Ziaee