title: Imaging oxygen metabolism with hyperpolarized magnetic resonance: a novel approach for the examination of cardiac and renal function.
abstract: Every tissue in the body critically depends on meeting its energetic demands with sufficient oxygen supply. Oxygen supply/demand imbalances underlie the diseases that inflict the greatest socio-economic burden globally. The purpose of this review is to examine how hyperpolarized contrast media, used in combination with MR data acquisition methods, may advance our ability to assess oxygen metabolism non-invasively and thus improve management of clinical disease. We first introduce the concept of hyperpolarization and how hyperpolarized contrast media have been practically implemented to achieve translational and clinical research. We will then analyse how incorporating hyperpolarized contrast media could enable realization of unmet technical needs in clinical practice. We will focus on imaging cardiac and renal oxygen metabolism, as both organs have unique physiological demands to satisfy their requirements for tissue oxygenation, their dysfunction plays a fundamental role in society's most prevalent diseases, and each organ presents unique imaging challenges. It is our aim that this review attracts a multi-disciplinary audience and sparks collaborations that utilize an exciting, emergent technology to advance our ability to treat patients adversely affected by an oxygen supply/demand mismatch.
authors.affiliation: MR Research Centre, Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark.
authors.forename: Marie
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Schroeder
authors.affiliation: MR Research Centre, Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark cl@clin.au.dk.
authors.forename: Christoffer
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Laustsen
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002318:Cardiovascular Diseases / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000378:metabolism; D003287:Contrast Media / Q000032:analysis / Q000378:metabolism*; D006321:Heart / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D006801:Humans; D007668:Kidney / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000378:metabolism*; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging / Q000379:methods*; D009206:Myocardium / Q000378:metabolism*; D010100:Oxygen / Q000032:analysis / Q000378:metabolism*; D010101:Oxygen Consumption
chemical_list: D003287:Contrast Media; D010100:Oxygen
keywords: MRI; hyperpolarization; metabolism; oxygen