title: Oral Administration of a Select Mixture of Bacillus Probiotics Affects the Gut Microbiota and Goblet Cell Function following Escherichia coli Challenge in Newly Weaned Pigs of Genotype MUC4 That Are Supposed To Be Enterotoxigenic E. coli F4ab/ac Receptor Negative.
abstract: Structural disruption of the gut microbiota and impaired goblet cell function are collateral etiologic factors in enteric diseases. Low, moderate, or high doses of a Bacillus licheniformis-B. subtilis mixture (BLS mix) were orally administered to piglets of genotype MUC4 that are supposed to be F4-expressing enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli strain (F4+ETEC) F4ab/ac receptor negative (i.e., MUC4-resistant piglets) for 1 week before F4+ETEC challenge. The luminal contents were collected from the mucosa of the colon on day 8 after F4+ETEC challenge. The BLS mix attenuated E. coli-induced expansion of Bacteroides uniformis, Eubacterium eligens, Acetanaerobacterium, and Sporobacter populations. Clostridium and Turicibacter populations increased following F4+ETEC challenge in pigs pretreated with low-dose BLS mix. Lactobacillus gasseri and Lactobacillus salivarius populations increased after administration of BLS mix during E. coli infection. The beneficial effects of BLS mix were due in part to the expansion of certain Clostridium, Lactobacillus, and Turicibacter populations, with a corresponding increase in the number of goblet cells in the ileum via upregulated Atoh1 expression, in turn increasing MUC2 production and thus preserving the mucus barrier and enhancing host defenses against enteropathogenic bacteria. However, excessive BLS mix consumption may increase the risk for enteritis, partly through disruption of colonic microbial ecology, characterized by expansion of Proteobacteria and impaired goblet cell function in the ileum. Our findings suggest that oral administration of BLS mix reprograms the gut microbiota and enhances goblet cell function to ameliorate enteritis.
  
  
  
  The present study is important for improving our understanding of the protective role of probiotics against Escherichia coli infection in piglets. Structural disruption of the gut microbiota and impaired goblet cell function are collateral etiologic factors in enteric diseases. In this study, low, moderate, or high doses of a Bacillus licheniformis-B. subtilis mixture (BLS mix) were orally administered to MUC4-resistant piglets for 1 week before the F4-expressing ETEC strain (F4+ETEC) challenge. Our findings suggest that oral administration of BLS mix reprograms the gut microbiota and enhances goblet cell function to ameliorate enteritis.
authors.affiliation: Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China.
authors.forename: Wei
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China zhu_yaohong@hotmail.com.
authors.forename: Yao-Hong
authors.initials: YH
authors.lastname: Zhu
authors.affiliation: Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China.
authors.forename: Dong
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Zhou
authors.affiliation: Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China.
authors.forename: Qiong
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Wu
authors.affiliation: Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China.
authors.forename: Dan
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Song
authors.affiliation: Department of Animal Nutrition and Management, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Uppsala, Sweden.
authors.forename: Johan
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Dicksved
authors.affiliation: Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China.
authors.forename: Jiu-Feng
authors.initials: JF
authors.lastname: Wang
mesh_terms: D000284:Administration, Oral; D000821:Animal Feed / Q000032:analysis; D000818:Animals; D000069976:Bacillus licheniformis / Q000737:chemistry; D001412:Bacillus subtilis / Q000737:chemistry; D004032:Diet / Q000662:veterinary; D054307:Enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli / Q000187:drug effects; D004927:Escherichia coli Infections / Q000276:immunology / Q000382:microbiology / Q000662:veterinary*; D005260:Female; D000069196:Gastrointestinal Microbiome / Q000187:drug effects*; D005838:Genotype; D020397:Goblet Cells / Q000187:drug effects*; D008297:Male; D055264:Mucin-4 / Q000235:genetics; D019936:Probiotics / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D034421:Sus scrofa / Q000235:genetics; D013552:Swine; D013553:Swine Diseases / Q000276:immunology* / Q000382:microbiology
chemical_list: D055264:Mucin-4
keywords: Bacillus licheniformis; Bacillus subtilis; Escherichia coli; goblet cell; gut microbiota; pig