title: Evaluation of medicinal plants and colloidal silver efficiency against Vibrio parahaemolyticus infection in Litopenaeus vannamei cultured at low salinity.
abstract: In shrimp aquaculture, reduction in the use of synthetic antibiotics is a priority due to the high incidence of resistant bacteria (Vibrio) in the white shrimp Litopenaeus vannamei. An increasing number of studies show bactericidal activity of natural treatments in aquaculture. The effectiveness of neem (Azadirachta indica) and oregano (Lippia berlandieri) aqueous extracts and colloidal silver against V. parahaemolyticus were evaluated in low salinity shrimp culture. Results show that aqueous extracts of oregano and neem each present a minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of 62.50 mg ml-1 and inhibitory halos of 12.0 to 19.0 mm. Colloidal silver gave a MIC of 2 mg ml-1, and the inhibitory halos were found to be between 11.8 and 18.8 mm, depending on treatment concentrations. An in vivo challenge test was conducted on white shrimp postlarvae cultured at low salinity (5 practical salinity units, PSU), and a significant increase (p < 0.05) in survival was demonstrated in the presence of the aqueous extracts (oregano 64%, neem 76% and colloidal silver 90%), when compared to the control (0%) in the challenge test. However, no significant differences were observed between treatments, suggesting that they all act as alternative bactericidal source agents against V. parahaemolyticus infections for L. vannamei postlarvae when cultured at 5 PSU.
authors.affiliation: Centro de Investigación en Alimentación y Desarrollo A. C. Unidad Mazatlán en Acuicultura y Manejo Ambiental en Mazatlán, Avenida Sábalo Cerritos s/n, Mazatlán, 82100, Sinaloa, Mexico.
authors.forename: María Soledad
authors.initials: MS
authors.lastname: Morales-Covarrubias
authors.forename: Noemí
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: García-Aguilar
authors.forename: María Del
authors.initials: MD
authors.lastname: Bolan-Mejía
authors.forename: Ana Carmela
authors.initials: AC
authors.lastname: Puello-Cruz
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology; D017756:Aquaculture / Q000379:methods; D054884:Host-Pathogen Interactions / Q000187:drug effects; D032411:Lippia / Q000737:chemistry*; D008826:Microbial Sensitivity Tests; D033561:Penaeidae / Q000382:microbiology*; D010936:Plant Extracts; D010946:Plants, Medicinal; D054712:Salinity; D012834:Silver / Q000494:pharmacology*; D014736:Vibrio parahaemolyticus / Q000502:physiology*
chemical_list: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents; D010936:Plant Extracts; C586932:colloidal silver; D012834:Silver
keywords: AHPNS; Acute hepatopancreatic necrosis syndrome; Colloidal silver; EMS; Neem; Oregano; Vibrio parahaemolyticus; White shrimp