title: A self-quenching-resistant carbon nanodot powder with multicolored solid-state fluorescence for ultra-fast staining of various representative bacterial species within one minute.
abstract: In this study, we prepared self-quenching-resistant solid-state fluorescent carbon nanodots (SFCDs) without any other solid matrices. The SFCDs were prepared using a one-step microwave synthesis method through precise control of the heating power and time. The resulting SFCD powder showed excitation-dependent emission behavior with a maximum fluorescence quantum yield of 40%. The multicolored SFCDs were successfully used as fluorescent agents for rapid staining of 14 representative bacterial species, including Gram-negative, Gram-positive, and acid-fast bacteria. Moreover, some pathogenic bacteria, including Bacillus anthracis (vegetative cells and endospores), Yersinia pestis, Vibrio cholera O1, Listeria monocytogenes, Neisseria meningitidis, and Klebsiella pneumoniae, could all be stained within just 1 min by the smear staining method without any incubation, which was also applicable by using the liquid incubation method. Moreover, excellent staining quality, superior resistance to photobleaching, high stability in solutions of different pH values, and low toxicity were also demonstrated.
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Luminescence and Applications, Changchun Institute of Optics, Fine Mechanics and Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130033, China. fanyi@ciomp.ac.cn liuxy@ciomp.ac.cn and University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China.
authors.forename: Yongqiang
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Analytical Microbiology, State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Beijing Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, Beijing 100071, China. ammszhoulei@aliyun.com and Department of Clinical Laboratory, Chinese People's Liberation Army General Hospital, Beijing 100853, China and Department of Blood Transfusion, The Second Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan 250033, China.
authors.forename: Chunfeng
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Luminescence and Applications, Changchun Institute of Optics, Fine Mechanics and Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130033, China. fanyi@ciomp.ac.cn liuxy@ciomp.ac.cn.
authors.forename: Yi
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Fan
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical Laboratory, Chinese People's Liberation Army General Hospital, Beijing 100853, China.
authors.forename: Chengbin
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Analytical Microbiology, State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Beijing Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, Beijing 100071, China. ammszhoulei@aliyun.com.
authors.forename: Ruifu
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Luminescence and Applications, Changchun Institute of Optics, Fine Mechanics and Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130033, China. fanyi@ciomp.ac.cn liuxy@ciomp.ac.cn.
authors.forename: Xingyuan
authors.identifier: http://orcid.org/0000-0002-9681-1646
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Analytical Microbiology, State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Beijing Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, Beijing 100071, China. ammszhoulei@aliyun.com.
authors.forename: Lei
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Zhou
mesh_terms: D001419:Bacteria / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D002244:Carbon; D005456:Fluorescent Dyes; D045663:Quantum Dots; D013194:Staining and Labeling / Q000379:methods*
chemical_list: D005456:Fluorescent Dyes; D002244:Carbon