title: Sex differences in release of cardiac troponin T after endurance exercise.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Post-exercise cardiac troponin release has been extensively described in athletic groups but little attention has been given to any role of sex in mediating this phenomenon.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  We compared the release of cardiac troponin T (cTnT) after endurance running in training-experience, biological-age and maturity-matched young male and female runners.
  
  
  METHODS
  Nineteen male (training history: 2.3 ± 1.0 years; mean age: 16.1 ± 1.2 years; Tanner stage: 3.7 ± 0.6) and 19 female (training history: 2.2 ± 1.0 years; mean age: 15.9 ± 1.4 years; Tanner stage: 4.0 ± 0.4) runners performed a 21 km run with "all-out" effort. Serum cTnT levels were assessed at pre-exercise (Pre-ex) and at 4 h post-exercise (Post-ex).
  
  
  RESULTS
  At Pre-ex, cTnT concentrations were below the 99th percentile value (10 ng.l-1) in 32/38 runners. Post-ex cTnT increased in all subjects but the response was substantially higher (p < 0.05) in males [median (range): 210 (20-1360) ng.l-1] than females [median (range): 80 (10-550) ng.l-1]. At Post-ex, 95% (95% confidence interval: 75-99%) of males and 63% (95% confidence interval: 41-81%) of females (p < 0.05) had cTnT concentrations above the cut-off for acute myocardial infarction.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The present data suggest that post-exercise cTnT elevation occurs in all runners but is augmented in young male compared to female athletes.
authors.affiliation: a Faculty of Education , University of Macau , Macao , China.
authors.forename: Zhaowei
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Kong
authors.affiliation: b School of Physical Education and Sports, Macao Polytechnic Institute , Macao , China.
authors.forename: Jinlei
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Nie
authors.affiliation: c College of Physical Education, Liaoning Normal University , Dalian , China.
authors.forename: Hua
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Lin
authors.affiliation: d Research Institute for Sport and Exercise Sciences Liverpool John Moores University , Liverpool , UK.
authors.forename: Keith
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: George
authors.affiliation: e Department of Ultrasonography , The Third Hospital of Shijiazhuang , Shijiazhuang , China.
authors.forename: Gang
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Zhao
authors.affiliation: f College of Physical Education, Hebei Normal University , Shijiazhuang , China.
authors.forename: Haifeng
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: g Dr. Stephen Hui Research Centre for Physical Recreation and Wellness , Department of Physical Education , Hong Kong Baptist University , Hong Kong , China.
authors.forename: Tomas K
authors.initials: TK
authors.lastname: Tong
authors.affiliation: b School of Physical Education and Sports, Macao Polytechnic Institute , Macao , China.
authors.forename: Qingde
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Shi
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D015444:Exercise; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D009203:Myocardial Infarction / Q000097:blood; D010807:Physical Endurance; D012737:Sex Factors; D020107:Troponin T / Q000097:blood*
chemical_list: D020107:Troponin T
keywords: Cardiac biomarker; adolescents; endurance exercise; sex