title: Photoluminescence and doping mechanism of theranostic Eu3+/Fe3+dual-doped hydroxyapatite nanoparticles.
abstract: Theranostic nanoparticles currently have been regarded as an emerging concept of 'personalized medicine' with diagnostic and therapeutic dual-functions. Eu3+doped hydroxyapatite (HAp) has been regarded as a promising fluorescent probe forin vivoimaging applications. Additionally, substitution of Ca2+with Fe3+in HAp crystal may endow the capability of producing heat upon exposure to a magnetic field. Here we report a preliminary study of doping mechanism and photoluminescence of Eu3+and Fe3+doped HAp nanoparticles (Eu/Fe:HAp). HAp with varied concentration of Eu3+and Fe3+doping are presented as Eu(10 mol%):HAp, Eu(7 mol%)-Fe(3 mol%):HAp, Eu(5 mol%)-Fe(5 mol%):HAp, Eu(3 mol%)-Fe(7 mol%):HAp, and Fe(10 mol%):HAp in the study. The results showed that the HAp particles, in nano-size with rod-like morphology, were successfully doped with Eu3+and Fe3+, and the particles can be well suspended in cell culture medium. Photoluminescence analysis revealed that particles have prominent emissions at 536 nm, 590 nm, 615 nm, 650 nm and 695 nm upon excitation at a wavelength of 397 nm. Moreover, these Eu/Fe:HAp nanoparticles belonged to B-type carbonated HAp, which has been considered an effective biodegradable and biocompatible drug/gene carrier in biological applications.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Biomedical Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan; Department of Metallurgy and Ceramics Science, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Tokyo, Japan.
authors.forename: Min-Hua
authors.initials: MH
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.affiliation: Department of Metallurgy and Ceramics Science, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Tokyo, Japan.
authors.forename: Tomohiko
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Yoshioka
authors.affiliation: Department of Metallurgy and Ceramics Science, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Tokyo, Japan.
authors.forename: Toshiyuki
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Ikoma
authors.affiliation: Nanotechnology Innovation Station, National Institute for Materials Science, Tsukuba, Japan.
authors.forename: Nobutaka
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Hanagata
authors.affiliation: Institute of Biomedical Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan; Institute of Biomedical Engineering and Nanomedicine, National Health Research Institutes, Miaoli County, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Feng-Huei
authors.initials: FH
authors.lastname: Lin
authors.affiliation: Department of Metallurgy and Ceramics Science, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Tokyo, Japan.
authors.forename: Junzo
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Tanaka
keywords: Eu3+/Fe3+ doped-hydroxyapatite; theranostic nanoparticles and photoluminescence