title: Validation of photo-identification as a mark-recapture method in the spotted eagle ray Aetobatus narinari.
abstract: The spotted eagle ray Aetobatus narinari is characterized by pigmentation patterns that are retained for up to 3·5 years. These pigmentations can be used to identify individuals through photo-identification. Only one study has validated this technique, but no study has estimated the percentage of correct identification of the rays using this technique. In order to carry out demographic research, a reliable photographic identification technique is needed. To achieve this validation for A. narinari, a double-mark system was established over 11 months and photographs of the dorsal surface of 191 rays were taken. Three body parts with distinctive natural patterns were analysed (dorsal surface of the cephalic region, dorsal surface of the pectoral fins and dorsal surface of the pelvic fins) in order to determine the body part that could be used to give the highest percentage of correct identification. The dorsal surface of the pectoral fins of A. narinari provides the most accurate photo-identification to distinguish individuals (88·2%).
authors.affiliation: Laboratorio de Ecología Animal. Centro Interdisciplinario de Investigación para el Desarrollo Integral Regional, Unidad Oaxaca, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Hornos 1003, Colonia La Noche Buena, Santa Cruz Xoxocotlán, Oaxaca, Código Postal 71230, México.
authors.forename: M S
authors.initials: MS
authors.lastname: González-Ramos
authors.affiliation: Laboratorio de Ecología Animal. Centro Interdisciplinario de Investigación para el Desarrollo Integral Regional, Unidad Oaxaca, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Hornos 1003, Colonia La Noche Buena, Santa Cruz Xoxocotlán, Oaxaca, Código Postal 71230, México.
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Santos-Moreno
authors.affiliation: Universidad del Mar, Campus Puerto Ángel, Instituto de Recursos, Ciudad Universitaria sin Número, San Pedro Pochutla, Oaxaca, Código Postal 70902, México.
authors.forename: E F
authors.initials: EF
authors.lastname: Rosas-Alquicira
authors.affiliation: Universidad Autónoma Benito Juárez de Oaxaca, Laboratorio de Investigación en Reproducción Animal, Avenida Universidad sin Número Colonia 5 Señores, Oaxaca de Juárez, Oaxaca, Código Postal 68120, México.
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Fuentes-Mascorro
mesh_terms: D000823:Animal Identification Systems / Q000662:veterinary*; D000818:Animals; D010781:Photography / Q000662:veterinary*; D011157:Population Dynamics; D012860:Skates, Fish / Q000033:anatomy & histology*
keywords: I3S Spot; dorsal surface; double mark; mark-recapture; microchip; natural marks