title: An in situ toxicity identification and evaluation water analysis system: Laboratory validation.
abstract: It is difficult to assess the toxicity of a single stressor and establish a strong stressor-causality link when multiple stressors coexist. Toxicity identification evaluation (TIE) methodology uses a series of chemical and physical manipulations to fractionate compounds within a matrix and systematically identify potential toxicants. The current US Environmental Protection Agency application of TIE can provide valuable information but often lacks ecological realism and is subject to laboratory-related artifacts. An in situ TIE device (iTIED) was designed to assess the sources of toxicity in aquatic ecosystems. For this laboratory validation, each unit was equipped with a sorbent resin chamber, an organism exposure chamber, a water collection container, and a peristaltic pump. Chemical analyses of water processed by each iTIED unit were compared with both lethal and sublethal molecular responses of the organisms. The compound removal effectiveness of different sorbent resins was also compared. In addition to successfully fractionating diverse chemical mixtures, the iTIED demonstrated a potential for early detection of molecular biomarkers, which could identify chronic toxicity that may go unnoticed in traditional TIE assays. Utilizing this novel in situ system will reduce the uncertainty associated with laboratory-based simulations and aid management efforts in targeting compounds that pose the greatest threat. Environ Toxicol Chem 2017;36:1636-1643. © 2016 SETAC.
authors.affiliation: School of Natural Resources and Environment, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA.
authors.forename: August J
authors.initials: AJ
authors.lastname: Steigmeyer
authors.affiliation: School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Jiamin
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: LimnoTech, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA.
authors.forename: Jennifer M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Daley
authors.affiliation: School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Xiaowei
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: School of Natural Resources and Environment, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA.
authors.forename: G Allen
authors.initials: GA
authors.lastname: Burton
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D004463:Ecology; D004784:Environmental Monitoring / Q000379:methods*; D019015:Geologic Sediments / Q000737:chemistry*; D007753:Laboratories; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D014867:Water / Q000737:chemistry*; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical / Q000737:chemistry / Q000633:toxicity*
chemical_list: D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical; D014867:Water
keywords: Aquatic toxicology; Endocrine-disrupting compounds; Mixture toxicology; Risk assessment; Toxicity identification evaluation (TIE)