title: Fontan Fenestration Closure Prior to Posterior Spinal Fusion in Patients With Single-Ventricle Heart Disease.
abstract: METHODS
  Case series.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To describe transcatheter closure of the Fontan fenestration prior to posterior spinal fusion in two children to prevent paradoxical venous air embolism during the operation.
  
  
  BACKGROUND
  Scoliosis is common among patients with single-ventricle congenital heart disease who have undergone Fontan operation and spinal surgery can offer physiologic benefits. Venous air embolism is a rare, but important reported complication during spinal surgery performed in the prone position. Patients with Fontan circulation can have significant right to left shunting via a patent Fontan fenestration that can increase the risk of paradoxical systemic embolization of any entrained venous air.
  
  
  METHODS
  We retrospectively reviewed the charts of two patients with single-ventricle congenital heart disease who had undergone fenestrated Fontan operation and underwent transcatheter fenestration closure prior to spinal fusion.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Two patients with Fontan circulation underwent successful transcatheter fenestration closure with Amplatzer Ductal Occluder II devices. Five to 6 months after closure, both underwent uncomplicated posterior spinal fusion.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Transcatheter closure of the Fontan fenestration prior to spinal fusion in two with Fontan circulation and scoliosis is a rare, but important indication for fenestration closure that warrants emphasis.
  
  
  METHODS
  N/A.
authors.affiliation: The Heart Center, Arnold Palmer Hospital for Children; University of Central Florida School of Medicine (MCS, DN, CF); Division of Cardiac Anesthesia, Arnold Palmer Hospital for Children (HMM, DF); and Division of Orthopedic Surgery, Arnold Palmer Hospital for Children (JP, RDK).
authors.forename: Matthew C
authors.initials: MC
authors.lastname: Schwartz
authors.forename: David
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Nykanen
authors.forename: Craig
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Fleishman
authors.forename: Hamish M
authors.initials: HM
authors.lastname: Munro
authors.forename: Jonathan
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Phillips
authors.forename: Raymond D
authors.initials: RD
authors.lastname: Knapp
authors.forename: Donald
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Felix
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D006328:Cardiac Catheterization / Q000379:methods; D019320:Embolism, Paradoxical / Q000175:diagnosis; D005260:Female; D018729:Fontan Procedure / Q000379:methods; D006330:Heart Defects, Congenital / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000601:surgery*; D006352:Heart Ventricles / Q000601:surgery*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D013123:Spinal Fusion / Q000379:methods; D016896:Treatment Outcome