title: High added-value products from the hydrothermal carbonisation of olive stones.
abstract: Olive stones (OS) were submitted to hydrothermal carbonisation (HTC) in order to evaluate the possibility of producing high added-value products, mainly furfural (FU) and 5-hydroxymethylfurfural (5-HMF) on one hand and hydrochars and carbons on the other hand. Temperature (160-240 °C), residence time (1-8 h), initial pH (1-5.5) and liquid/solid ratio (4-48 w/w) were systematically varied in order to study the main products and to optimise FU production. FU production yield up to 19.9 %, based on the hemicellulose content, was obtained. Other minor, but valuable, compounds such as 5-methylfurfural (5-MF) and some phenolic compounds were also produced. The hydrochar was carbonised at 900 °C, and the resultant carbon material was highly ultramicroporous with a peak of pore size distribution centred on 0.5 nm and a surface area as high as 1065 m2g-1, typical of most carbon molecular sieves.
authors.affiliation: Institut Jean Lamour, UMR CNRS-Université de Lorraine, no. 7198, ENSTIB, 27 rue Philippe Seguin, CS 60036, 88026, Epinal Cedex, France.
authors.forename: A M
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Borrero-López
authors.affiliation: Institut Jean Lamour, UMR CNRS-Université de Lorraine, no. 7198, ENSTIB, 27 rue Philippe Seguin, CS 60036, 88026, Epinal Cedex, France. Vanessa.Fierro@univ-lorraine.fr.
authors.forename: V
authors.identifier: http://orcid.org/0000-0001-7081-3697
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Fierro
authors.affiliation: Institut Jean Lamour, UMR CNRS-Université de Lorraine, no. 7198, ENSTIB, 27 rue Philippe Seguin, CS 60036, 88026, Epinal Cedex, France.|Ecole Nationale d'Ingénieurs de Gabès, Université de Gabès, Avenue Omar Ibn El Khattab, Zrig, 6072, Tunisie.
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Jeder
authors.affiliation: Ecole Nationale d'Ingénieurs de Gabès, Université de Gabès, Avenue Omar Ibn El Khattab, Zrig, 6072, Tunisie.
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Ouederni
authors.affiliation: Critt bois, 27 rue Philippe Seguin, BP 91067, 88051, Epinal Cedex 9, France.
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Masson
authors.affiliation: Institut Jean Lamour, UMR CNRS-Université de Lorraine, no. 7198, ENSTIB, 27 rue Philippe Seguin, CS 60036, 88026, Epinal Cedex, France.
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Celzard
mesh_terms: D002244:Carbon / Q000737:chemistry*; D005662:Furaldehyde / Q000031:analogs & derivatives; D031658:Olea; D013696:Temperature
chemical_list: C048065:5-methyl-2-furfural; D002244:Carbon; D005662:Furaldehyde
keywords: Furfural production; Hydrochar; Hydrothermal carbonisation; Olive stones