title: Comparative in vitro anti-tick efficacy of commercially available products and newly developed phyto-formulations against field collected and resistant tick lines ofRhipicephalus(Boophilus)microplus.
abstract: Rhipicephalus(Boophilus)microplusis considered as one of the most widely distributed tick species ecto-parasitizing on livestock and causes fatal diseases with significant production loss. To address the problem of controlling acaricide resistant tick infestations on animals, attention has been paid to develop eco-friendly phyto-acaricides. The present study was undertaken to evaluate the comparative anti-tick activities of commercially available herbal and chemical products with chemically characterized phyto-formulations developed recently against field ticks and resistant tick lines ofR.(B.)microplus. The chemical product Butox®Vet was found nearly passive against all the tested resistant tick lines. However, one of the commercial polyherbal product, Zerokeet®showed an efficacy (E%) of 41.8-75.4 % ([Formula: see text]) using recommended dilution (1:2) against field ticks and resistant tick lines. However, the other commercial product, Erina®EP has very limited efficacy against all the tested tick. In comparison, the newly developed phyto-formulation, NBA/13/B/2 and NAC-01 conferred an E% of 82.4-91.3 % ([Formula: see text]) and 62.3-94.6 % ([Formula: see text]), respectively, against tested resistant ticks. Results indicated higher marketing potentiality of newly developed formulation in the existing tick problem scenario.
authors.affiliation: Entomology Laboratory, Division of Parasitology, Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, Bareilly, UP 243122 India.
authors.forename: K G
authors.initials: KG
authors.lastname: Ajith Kumar
authors.affiliation: Entomology Laboratory, Division of Parasitology, Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, Bareilly, UP 243122 India.
authors.forename: Anil Kumar
authors.initials: AK
authors.lastname: Sharma
authors.affiliation: Entomology Laboratory, Division of Parasitology, Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, Bareilly, UP 243122 India.
authors.forename: Sachin
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Kumar
authors.affiliation: Entomology Laboratory, Division of Parasitology, Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, Bareilly, UP 243122 India.
authors.forename: D D
authors.initials: DD
authors.lastname: Ray
authors.affiliation: Pharmacognosy and Ethnopharmacology Division, CSIR- National Botanical Research Institute, Lucknow, UP 226001 India.
authors.forename: A K S
authors.initials: AK
authors.lastname: Rawat
authors.affiliation: Pharmacognosy and Ethnopharmacology Division, CSIR- National Botanical Research Institute, Lucknow, UP 226001 India.
authors.forename: Sharad
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Srivastava
authors.affiliation: Entomology Laboratory, Division of Parasitology, Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, Bareilly, UP 243122 India.
authors.forename: Srikant
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Ghosh
keywords: Butox® Vet; Erina®-EP; Phyto-formulation; Resistance; Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) microplus; Zerokeet®