title: Characterization of two distinct early post-entry blocks to HIV-1 in common marmoset lymphocytes.
abstract: In nature, primate lentiviruses infect humans and several Old World monkeys and apes. However, to date, lentiviruses infecting New World monkeys have not been described. We studied the susceptibility of common marmoset cells to HIV-1 infection and observed the presence of post-entry blocks to the early phase of HIV-1 infection in peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBLs) and a B lymphocytic cell line (B-LCL). The blocks present in these cells are dominant and phenotypically different from each other. In PBLs, the block occurs at the level of reverse transcription, reducing the accumulation of early and late transcripts, similar to the block imposed by TRIM5α. However, we have found that marmoset TRIM5α does not block HIV-1. In contrast, the restriction factor present in B-LCLs blocks HIV-1 replication at a later step, after nuclear entry, and inhibits integration. Additionally, we have identified an HIV-1 capsid mutant, N74D, that is able to escape the restriction in the marmoset B-LCLs. Our results suggest that the factors responsible for the blocks present in marmoset PBLs and B-LCLs are different. We propose the existence of at least two new restriction factors able to block HIV-1 infection in marmoset lymphocytes.
authors.affiliation: Centro de Biología Molecular Severo Ochoa, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas and Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain.|Department of Cancer Immunology and Virology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Department of Microbiology and Immunobiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
authors.forename: Beatriz
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Pacheco
authors.affiliation: Centro de Biología Molecular Severo Ochoa, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas and Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain.
authors.forename: Luis
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Menéndez-Arias
authors.affiliation: Department of Cancer Immunology and Virology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Department of Microbiology and Immunobiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.|Department of Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA.
authors.forename: Joseph
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Sodroski
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000090103:Antiviral Restriction Factors; D001402:B-Lymphocytes / Q000276:immunology / Q000821:virology; D002144:Callithrix / Q000276:immunology / Q000821:virology; D036022:Capsid Proteins / Q000235:genetics* / Q000276:immunology; D002352:Carrier Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology; D002460:Cell Line; D015658:HIV Infections / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology / Q000821:virology*; D015497:HIV-1 / Q000235:genetics* / Q000276:immunology; D006801:Humans; D016086:Lentivirus / Q000235:genetics* / Q000276:immunology / Q000472:pathogenicity; D008214:Lymphocytes / Q000276:immunology / Q000821:virology; D000070584:Tripartite Motif Proteins; D044767:Ubiquitin-Protein Ligases; D053586:Virus Internalization; D014779:Virus Replication / Q000235:genetics
chemical_list: D000090103:Antiviral Restriction Factors; D036022:Capsid Proteins; D002352:Carrier Proteins; D000070584:Tripartite Motif Proteins; C477346:TRIM5 protein, human; D044767:Ubiquitin-Protein Ligases