title: [Update on pubertal development among primary school students in Shanghai, 2014].
abstract: Objective:To investigate the current prevalence of pubertal development in healthy Shanghai schoolchildren.Methods:This study was a cross-sectional investigation focused on current pubertal development conducted in healthy Shanghai schoolchildren by multi-stage cluster sampling. The sample included 17 571 children in grades 1-5 investigated in June 2014. The data were weighted by inverse probability weighting (IPW) to make them more representative. At examination, stages of breast and pubic hair development were rated according to the Tanner method. Testicular volume was determined. Data on menarche and spermatorrhea were collected by the status quo method. The rates of precocious puberty, breast, and pubic hair development of Tanner stage ≥Ⅱ in girls aged 6-7 years, menarche in girls aged 6-9 years, and testicular volume ≥4 ml and pubic hair development of Tanner stage ≥Ⅱ in boys aged 6-8 years were calculated. All the data were weighted by IPW.Results:After data processing, 16 197 children's data were analyzed. In girls aged 6-7 years, 17.2% and 2.5% showed evidence of breast and pubic hair development at Tanner stage ≥Ⅱ, respectively. In girls aged 6-9 years, 0.3% had experienced menarche. Schoolgirls' rate of menarche was 4.7%. In girls aged 6-7 years, 19.0% were diagnosed with precocious puberty according to the classic criteria. In boys aged 6-8 years, 1.7% had testicular volume ≥4 ml, and 0.6% showed evidence of pubic hair development at Tanner stage ≥Ⅱ. Schoolboys' incidence rate of spermatorrhea was 0.1%. In boys aged 6-8 years, 2.3% were diagnosed with precocious puberty according to the classic criteria. All the numbers above were weighted.Conclusion:Proper education on adolescence and sex is essential for Shanghai schoolchildren.
authors.affiliation: Department of Endocrinology and Genetic Disease, Shanghai Children's Medical Center Affiliated to Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine; Ministry of Education Shanghai Key Laboratory of Children's Environmental Health, Shanghai 200127, China.
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.forename: Y T
authors.initials: YT
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.forename: Y R
authors.initials: YR
authors.lastname: Jiang
authors.forename: Y J
authors.initials: YJ
authors.lastname: Song
authors.forename: S J
authors.initials: SJ
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Jiang
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D041923:Adolescent Development; D002648:Child; D002681:China; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008572:Menarche; D015995:Prevalence; D011627:Puberty; D012574:Schools; D012741:Sexual Maturation; D013334:Students / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*