title: Single Photon Avalanche Diodes: Towards the Large Bidimensional Arrays.
abstract: Single photon detection is one of the most challenging goals of photonics. In recent years, the study of ultra-fast and/or low-intensity phenomena has received renewed attention from the academic and industrial communities. Intense research activity has been focused on bio-imaging applications, bio-luminescence, bio-scattering methods, and, more in general, on several applications requiring high speed operation and high timing resolution. In this paper we present design and characterization of bi-dimensional arrays of a next generation of single photon avalanche diodes (SPADs). Single photon sensitivity, dark noise, afterpulsing and timing resolution of the single SPAD have been examined in several experimental conditions. Moreover, the effects arising from their integration and the readout mode have also been deeply investigated.
authors.affiliation: INFN-Laboratori Nazionali del Sud, via Santa Sofia 65, 95125 Catania (Italy). sprivitera@lns.infn.it.|DMFCI-Dip. Met. Chim. Fis. Ing. & Dip. di Fisica ed Astronomia, Università di Catania viale A. Doria 6, 95125 Catania, (Italy). sprivitera@lns.infn.it.
authors.forename: Simona
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Privitera
authors.affiliation: INFN-Laboratori Nazionali del Sud, via Santa Sofia 65, 95125 Catania (Italy). tudisco@lns.infn.it.|DMFCI-Dip. Met. Chim. Fis. Ing. & Dip. di Fisica ed Astronomia, Università di Catania viale A. Doria 6, 95125 Catania, (Italy). tudisco@lns.infn.it.
authors.forename: Salvatore
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Tudisco
authors.affiliation: INFN-Laboratori Nazionali del Sud, via Santa Sofia 65, 95125 Catania (Italy). lanzano-l@lns.infn.it.|DMFCI-Dip. Met. Chim. Fis. Ing. & Dip. di Fisica ed Astronomia, Università di Catania viale A. Doria 6, 95125 Catania, (Italy). lanzano-l@lns.infn.it.
authors.forename: Luca
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Lanzanò
authors.affiliation: INFN-Laboratori Nazionali del Sud, via Santa Sofia 65, 95125 Catania (Italy). fmusumci@lns.infn.it.|DMFCI-Dip. Met. Chim. Fis. Ing. & Dip. di Fisica ed Astronomia, Università di Catania viale A. Doria 6, 95125 Catania, (Italy). fmusumci@lns.infn.it.
authors.forename: Francesco
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Musumeci
authors.affiliation: DMFCI-Dip. Met. Chim. Fis. Ing. & Dip. di Fisica ed Astronomia, Università di Catania viale A. Doria 6, 95125 Catania, (Italy). pluchino@ct.infn.it.
authors.forename: Alessandro
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Pluchino
authors.affiliation: INFN-Laboratori Nazionali del Sud, via Santa Sofia 65, 95125 Catania (Italy). ascordin@dmfci.unict.it.|DMFCI-Dip. Met. Chim. Fis. Ing. & Dip. di Fisica ed Astronomia, Università di Catania viale A. Doria 6, 95125 Catania, (Italy). ascordin@dmfci.unict.it.
authors.forename: Agata
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Scordino
authors.affiliation: INFN-Laboratori Nazionali del Sud, via Santa Sofia 65, 95125 Catania (Italy). campisi@lns.infn.it.
authors.forename: Angelo
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Campisi
authors.affiliation: INFN-Laboratori Nazionali del Sud, via Santa Sofia 65, 95125 Catania (Italy). cosentino@lns.infn.it.
authors.forename: Luigi
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Cosentino
authors.affiliation: INFN-Laboratori Nazionali del Sud, via Santa Sofia 65, 95125 Catania (Italy). finocchiaro@lns.infn.it.
authors.forename: Paolo
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Finocchiaro
authors.affiliation: R&D, ST-Microelectronics, Stradale Primosole 50, 95100 Catania (Italy). giovanni.condorelli@st.com.
authors.forename: Giovanni
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Condorelli
authors.affiliation: R&D, ST-Microelectronics, Stradale Primosole 50, 95100 Catania (Italy). massimo.mazzillo@st.com.
authors.forename: Massimo
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Mazzillo
authors.affiliation: IMM-CNR, Stradale Primosole 50, 95100 Catania (Italy). salvo.lombardo@imm.cnr.it.
authors.forename: Salvo
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Lombardo
authors.affiliation: IMM-CNR, Stradale Primosole 50, 95100 Catania (Italy). emilio.sciacca@imm.cnr.it.
authors.forename: Emilio
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Sciacca
keywords: 2D array.; Single photon; afterpulsing; avalanche photodiode; cross-talk; photon detection efficiency; silicon photomultiplier; timing