title: Neuroimaging of Peptide-based Vaccine Therapy in Pediatric Brain Tumors: Initial Experience.
abstract: The potential benefits of peptide-based immunotherapy for pediatric brain tumors are under investigation. Treatment-related heterogeneity has resulted in radiographic challenges, including pseudoprogression. Conventional MR imaging has limitations in assessment of different forms of treatment-related heterogeneity, particularly regarding distinguishing true tumor progression from efficacious treatment responses. Advanced neuroimaging techniques, including diffusion magnetic resonance (MR), perfusion MR, and MR spectroscopy, may add value in the assessment of treatment-related heterogeneity. Observations suggest that recent delineation of specific response criteria for immunotherapy of adult brain tumors is likely relevant to the pediatric population and further validation in multicenter pediatric brain tumor peptide-based vaccine studies is warranted.
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, University of Pittsburgh, 3600 Forbes Avenue, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA.
authors.forename: Andre D
authors.initials: AD
authors.lastname: Furtado
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, University of Pittsburgh, 3600 Forbes Avenue, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA; Department of Bioinformatics, University of Pittsburgh, 5607 Baum Boulevard, Suite 500, Pittsburgh, PA 15206, USA.
authors.forename: Rafael
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Ceschin
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, Children's Hospital of Los Angeles, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90007, USA.
authors.forename: Stefan
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Blüml
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatrics, University of Pittsburgh, 4401 Penn Avenue, Pittsburgh, PA 15224, USA.
authors.forename: Gary
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Mason
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatrics, University of Pittsburgh, 4401 Penn Avenue, Pittsburgh, PA 15224, USA.
authors.forename: Regina I
authors.initials: RI
authors.lastname: Jakacki
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurosurgery, University of California, San Francisco, 505 Parnassus Avenue, M-779, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA.
authors.forename: Hideho
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Okada
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurosurgery, University of Pittsburgh, 200 Lothrop Street, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA; Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh, University of Pittsburgh Cancer Institute, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, 4401 Penn Avenue, Pittsburgh, PA 15224, USA.
authors.forename: Ian F
authors.initials: IF
authors.lastname: Pollack
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, University of Pittsburgh, 3600 Forbes Avenue, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA. Electronic address: panigrahya@upmc.edu.
authors.forename: Ashok
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Panigrahy
mesh_terms: D001921:Brain / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000187:drug effects; D001932:Brain Neoplasms / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000188:drug therapy*; D002648:Child; D038524:Diffusion Magnetic Resonance Imaging; D006801:Humans; D016233:Immunotherapy, Active / Q000379:methods*; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging; D009682:Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; D059906:Neuroimaging / Q000379:methods*; D010455:Peptides / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D010455:Peptides
keywords: MR spectroscopy; Pediatric brain tumors; Pseudoprogression; Vaccine therapy