title: Application of Response Surface Methodology to Estimate the Design Space of Pharmaceutical Diluents for Dispensing Powdered Formulations.
abstract: Scientific approaches for dispensation are important for the quality and efficacy of drug treatments. Therefore, for the dispensation of powdered medicines, we have developed a powder blending method using a planetary centrifugal mixer (PCM) to replace the empirical manual method involving a mortar and pestle. The aim of this study was to optimize the formulation of pharmaceutical diluents for dispensing powdered medicines, using PCM. The diluents, composed of powdered lactose, crystalline lactose, and corn starch were assigned to a {3,2}-Simplex Lattice design. Then, the designed diluents were blended with model powders, such as carbazochrome sodium sulfonate powder, rifampicin capsule contents, and crushed sulfasarazine tablets, at ratios of 1 : 4, 1 : 1, and 4 : 1 using PCM at 800 rpm for 60 s at a 20% filling rate. The mixtures were examined for content uniformity relative standard deviation (RSD) and flowability angle of repose (AOR). Response surface methodology was applied to optimize the formulation with the smallest RSD and AOR, and then the design space of desired diluents was estimated. On the basis of the design space, crystalline lactose, the mixture of lactose powder and crystalline lactose at a ratio of 1 : 4, and the mixture of corn starch and crystalline lactose at a ratio of 1 : 4, were suitable diluents for the powdered formulation, the content of the capsules, and the crushed tablets, respectively. The selected diluents were successfully applied to other model medicines showing a sufficient RSD and AOR. This technique could contribute to the development of scientific approaches for dispensation.
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Shizuoka.
authors.forename: Yasunori
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Miyazaki
authors.forename: Kozo
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Takayama
authors.forename: Tomonobu
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Uchino
authors.forename: Yoshiyuki
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Kagawa
mesh_terms: D002626:Chemistry, Pharmaceutical; D015195:Drug Design; D005079:Excipients / Q000737:chemistry; D007785:Lactose / Q000737:chemistry*; D010316:Particle Size; D011208:Powders / Q000737:chemistry*; D013499:Surface Properties
chemical_list: D005079:Excipients; D011208:Powders; D007785:Lactose