title: Differences in the association between empirically derived dietary patterns and cancer: a meta-analysis.
abstract: Plant-based dietary patterns have been associated with decreased cancer risk. The aim of the present study was to perform a meta-analysis of studies comparing empirically derived dietary patterns in relation to cancer risk. A systematic search of PubMed and EMBASE electronic databases was conducted. Eligible studies had an observational design and evaluated the association with cancer risk between a posteriori derived dietary patterns. Random-effects models were applied to calculate relative risks (RRs) of cancer between diets. Statistical heterogeneity and publication bias were explored. An increased risk of cancer for the adoption of high-meat compared to plant-based dietary patterns was found (RR =1.64, 95% CI: 1.02, 2.63). Lower risk of cancer for individuals adopting a plant-based dietary pattern over a mixed one was found (RR =0.88, 95% CI: 0.82, 0.95). In conclusion, plant-based dietary patterns can be considered a healthy choice over meat-based dietary patterns.
authors.affiliation: a Integrated Cancer Registry of Catania-Messina-Siracusa-Enna , Azienda Universitario Ospedaliera Policlinico "Vittorio Emanuale: , Catania , Italy.
authors.forename: Francesca
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Bella
authors.affiliation: a Integrated Cancer Registry of Catania-Messina-Siracusa-Enna , Azienda Universitario Ospedaliera Policlinico "Vittorio Emanuale: , Catania , Italy.
authors.forename: Justyna
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Godos
authors.affiliation: a Integrated Cancer Registry of Catania-Messina-Siracusa-Enna , Azienda Universitario Ospedaliera Policlinico "Vittorio Emanuale: , Catania , Italy.
authors.forename: Antonella
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Ippolito
authors.affiliation: a Integrated Cancer Registry of Catania-Messina-Siracusa-Enna , Azienda Universitario Ospedaliera Policlinico "Vittorio Emanuale: , Catania , Italy.
authors.forename: Alessia
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Di Prima
authors.affiliation: a Integrated Cancer Registry of Catania-Messina-Siracusa-Enna , Azienda Universitario Ospedaliera Policlinico "Vittorio Emanuale: , Catania , Italy.
authors.forename: Salvatore
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Sciacca
mesh_terms: D004032:Diet / Q000009:adverse effects*; D005247:Feeding Behavior; D006801:Humans; D009369:Neoplasms / Q000209:etiology* / Q000517:prevention & control*
keywords: Plant based; cancer; dietary patterns; meat based; meta-analysis; mixed foods