title: Heat Increases the Editing Efficiency of Human Papillomavirus E2 Gene by Inducing Upregulation of APOBEC3A and 3G.
abstract: Apolipoprotein B mRNA-editing catalytic polypeptide (APOBEC) 3 proteins have been identified as potent viral DNA mutators and have broad antiviral activity. In this study, we demonstrated that apolipoprotein B mRNA-editing catalytic polypeptide 3A (A3A) and A3G expression levels were significantly upregulated in human papillomavirus (HPV)-infected cell lines and tissues. Heat treatment resulted in elevated expression of A3A and A3G in a temperature-dependent manner in HPV-infected cells. Correspondingly, HPV-infected cells heat-treated at 44 °C showed accumulated G-to-A or C-to-T mutation in HPV E2 gene. Knockdown of A3A or A3G could promote cell viability, along with the lower frequency of A/T in HPV E2 gene. In addition, regressing genital viral warts also harbored high G-to-A or C-to-T mutation in HPV E2 gene. Taken together, we demonstrate that apolipoprotein B mRNA-editing catalytic polypeptide 3 expression and editing function was heat sensitive to a certain degree, partly explaining the mechanism of action of local hyperthermia to treat viral warts.
authors.affiliation: Department of Dermatology, No.1 Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China.
authors.forename: Yang
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.affiliation: Department of Dermatology, No.1 Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China.
authors.forename: Hexiao
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: Department of Dermatology, No.1 Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China.
authors.forename: Xinrui
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: Department of Dermatology, No.1 Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China.
authors.forename: Wei
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Huo
authors.affiliation: Department of Dermatology, No.1 Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China.
authors.forename: Ruiqun
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Qi
authors.affiliation: Department of Dermatology, No.1 Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China.
authors.forename: Yali
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Gao
authors.affiliation: Department of Dermatology, No.1 Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China; Regenerative Medicine, Cardiff Institute of Tissue Engineering and Repair, School of Dentistry, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK.
authors.forename: Gaofeng
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: Department of Dermatology, No.1 Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China; Regenerative Medicine, Cardiff Institute of Tissue Engineering and Repair, School of Dentistry, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK.
authors.forename: Bing
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Song
authors.affiliation: Department of Dermatology, No.1 Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China.
authors.forename: Hongduo
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.affiliation: Department of Dermatology, No.1 Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China. Electronic address: gaobarry@hotmail.com.
authors.forename: Xinghua
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Gao
mesh_terms: D002478:Cells, Cultured; D003218:Condylomata Acuminata / Q000235:genetics / Q000628:therapy* / Q000821:virology*; D003564:Cytidine Deaminase / Q000235:genetics*; D004252:DNA Mutational Analysis; D005260:Female; D005786:Gene Expression Regulation; D006801:Humans; D007036:Hypothermia, Induced / Q000379:methods*; D008297:Male; D027383:Papillomaviridae / Q000235:genetics; D030361:Papillomavirus Infections / Q000235:genetics* / Q000473:pathology / Q000628:therapy*; D011506:Proteins / Q000235:genetics*; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000235:genetics; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D015854:Up-Regulation
chemical_list: D011506:Proteins; D012333:RNA, Messenger; C121399:APOBEC3A protein, human; D003564:Cytidine Deaminase