title: Peritoneal dialysis-related peritonitis due to Halomonas hamiltonii: A first case report.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Halomonas hamiltonii is a Gram-negative, halophilic, motile, and nonspore-forming rod bacterium. Although most Halomonas sp. are commonly found in saline environments, it has rarely been implicated as a cause of human infection. Herein, the authors present a case report of continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis (CAPD)-related peritonitis attributed to H hamiltonii.
  
  
  METHODS
  An 82-year-old male patient who had been receiving CAPD therapy presented to an emergency department with complaints of abdominal pain and cloudy dialysate that had persisted for 2 days. The peritoneal dialysate was compatible with CAPD peritonitis, with white blood cell count of peritoneal effluent of 810/mm and neutrophils predominated (60%). Two days after culture on blood agar medium, nonhemolytic pink mucoid colonies showed, with cells showing Gram-negative, nonspore-forming rods with a few longer and larger bacilli than usual were found. We also performed biochemical tests and found negative responses in K/K on the triple sugar iron test and H2S and equivocal (very weak) response in the motility test, but positive responses to catalase, oxidase, and urease tests. The partial sequence of the 16S rRNA gene of a bacterium detected by peritoneal fluid culture was utilized for a Basic Local Alignment Search Tool search, which revealed that the organism was H hamiltonii. Intraperitoneal antibiotics were administered for 21 days, and the patient was discharged without clinical problems.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  We present here the first case report of CAPD-related peritonitis caused by H hamiltonii, which was identified using molecular biological techniques. Although guidelines do not exist for the treatment of infections caused by this organism, conventional treatment for Gram-negative organisms could be effective.
authors.affiliation: Department of Internal Medicine, Dongguk University Lee's Renal Clinic, Gyeongju Korean Collection for Type Cultures, Biological Resource Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Jeongeup Department of Laboratory Medicine, Dongguk University, Gyeongju Hogye 365 Medical Clinic, Ulsan, Korea.
authors.forename: Se Hwan
authors.initials: SH
authors.lastname: Yeo
authors.forename: Jae Hoon
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Kwak
authors.forename: Yeo Un
authors.initials: YU
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: Jin Suk
authors.initials: JS
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: Hyo Jin
authors.initials: HJ
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: Kyoung Hwa
authors.initials: KH
authors.lastname: Park
authors.forename: Jung Sook
authors.initials: JS
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: Gyoung Yim
authors.initials: GY
authors.lastname: Ha
authors.forename: Jeong Ho
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: Jun Yeop
authors.initials: JY
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: Kyung Don
authors.initials: KD
authors.lastname: Yoo
mesh_terms: D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use; D016905:Gram-Negative Bacterial Infections / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000382:microbiology*; D020632:Halomonas / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D010531:Peritoneal Dialysis, Continuous Ambulatory / Q000009:adverse effects*; D010538:Peritonitis / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000382:microbiology*
chemical_list: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents