title: What has changed in the prevalence of hypertension in dialyzed children during the last decade?
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Hypertension very often accompanies progression of chronic kidney disease (CKD) in children. A cross-sectional analysis of hypertension prevalence in dialyzed children in Poland was designed with a comparison with the data previously recorded 10 years earlier.
  
  
  METHODS
  Two cohorts of children were analyzed: 59 subjects dialyzed in 2013, and 134 children from the previous study performed in 2003 that were reevaluated according to the current methodology. The incidence of hypertension (defined by SDS of sBP or dBP >1.64), clinical data, medical history, dialysis modalities and selected biochemical parameters of dialysis adequacy were analyzed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The prevalence of hypertension increased from 64% in 2003 to 78% in 2013. The efficacy of antihypertensive treatment remained unsatisfactory (61% proper BP control). Preservation of residual urine output and strict fluid balance may prevent development of hypertension in children on dialysis.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Despite the higher awareness of hypertension and its complications in dialyzed children, the incidence of this entity has increased during the last decade, with the percentage of undertreated patients comparable to that observed 10 years ago. Thus, more attention should be paid to therapy efficacy in this population to prevent further damage to the cardiovascular system and to decrease morbidity.
authors.affiliation: a Department of Pediatrics, Immunology and Nephrology , Polish Mother's Memorial Hospital Research Institute , Lodz , Poland.|b IV Chair of Pediatrics , Medical University of Lodz , Lodz , Poland.
authors.forename: Marcin
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Tkaczyk
authors.affiliation: a Department of Pediatrics, Immunology and Nephrology , Polish Mother's Memorial Hospital Research Institute , Lodz , Poland.
authors.forename: Małgorzata
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Stańczyk
authors.affiliation: c Department of Pediatric Nephrology , Jagiellonian University Medical College , Krakow , Poland.
authors.forename: Monika
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Miklaszewska
authors.affiliation: c Department of Pediatric Nephrology , Jagiellonian University Medical College , Krakow , Poland.
authors.forename: Katarzyna
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Zachwieja
authors.affiliation: d Department of Pediatrics and Nephrology , Medical University of Bialystok , Bialystok , Poland.
authors.forename: Ryszard
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Wierciński
authors.affiliation: e Department of Pediatric Nephrology , Torun , Poland.
authors.forename: Roman
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Stankiewicz
authors.affiliation: e Department of Pediatric Nephrology , Torun , Poland.
authors.forename: Agnieszka
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Firszt-Adamczyk
authors.affiliation: f Department of Cardiology and Nephrology , Medical University of Poznan , Poznan , Poland.
authors.forename: Jacek
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Zachwieja
authors.affiliation: g Department of Pediatric Nephrology , Medical University of Lublin , Lublin , Poland.
authors.forename: Halina
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Borzęcka
authors.affiliation: h Department of Nephrology and Hypertension of Children and Adolescents , Medical University of Gdansk , Gdansk , Poland.
authors.forename: Ilona
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Zagożdżon
authors.affiliation: i Department of Pediatric Nephrology , Medical University of Warsaw , Warsaw , Poland.
authors.forename: Beata
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Leszczyńska
authors.affiliation: j Department of Pediatric Nephrology , Medical University of Wroclaw , Wroclaw , Poland.
authors.forename: Anna
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Medyńska
authors.affiliation: k Department of Pediatric Nephrology , Silesian Medical University , Zabrze , Poland.
authors.forename: Piotr
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Adamczyk
authors.affiliation: k Department of Pediatric Nephrology , Silesian Medical University , Zabrze , Poland.
authors.forename: Maria
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Szczepańska
authors.affiliation: l Department of Pediatrics, Hematology, Oncology and Diabetology , Medical University of Lodz , Lodz , Poland.
authors.forename: Wojciech
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Fendler
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000959:Antihypertensive Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D001794:Blood Pressure; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D018450:Disease Progression; D005260:Female; D005440:Fluid Therapy / Q000379:methods; D006801:Humans; D006973:Hypertension / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000453:epidemiology*; D015994:Incidence; D008297:Male; D010372:Pediatrics; D011044:Poland; D051436:Renal Insufficiency, Chronic / Q000150:complications*; D012307:Risk Factors
chemical_list: D000959:Antihypertensive Agents
keywords: Dialysis; hypertension; pediatrics; prevalence