title: Compressive strength and the effect of duration after photo-activation among dual-cure bulk fill composite core materials.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To assess compressive strength and effect of duration after photoactivation on the compressive strength of different dual cure bulk fill composites.
  
  
  METHODS
  Seventy-two disc shaped (4x10mm) specimens were prepared from three dual cure bulk fill materials, ZirconCore (ZC) (n=24), MulticCore Flow (MC) (n=24) and Luxacore Dual (LC) (n=24). Half of the specimens in each material were tested for failure loads after one hour [MC1 (n=12), LC1 (n=12) & ZC1 (n=12)] and the other half in 7 days [MC7 (n=12), LC7 (n=12), ZC7 (n=12)] from photo-polymerization using the universal testing machine at a cross-head speed of 0.5 cm/minutes. Compressive strength was calculated using the formula UCS=4f/πd2. Compressive strengths among different groups were compared using analysis of variance (ANOVA) and Tukey's multiple comparisons test.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Maximum and minimum compressive strengths were observed in ZC7 (344.14±19.22) and LC1 (202.80±15.52) groups. Specimens in LC1 [202.80 (15.52)] showed significantly lower compressive strength as compared to MC1 [287.06 (15.03)] (p<0.01) and ZC1 [276.82 (11.51)] (p<0.01). ZC7 [344.14 (19.22)] specimens showed significantly higher (p<0.01) compressive strengths compared to LC7 [324.56 (19.47)] and MC7 [315.26 (12.36)]. Compressive strengths among all three materials were significantly higher (p<0.01) at 7 days as compared to one hour.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Bulk fill material with Zr nano-hybrid filler (ZC) showed high compressive strength compared to MC and LC. Increasing the post photo-activation duration (from one hour to 7 days) significantly improves the compressive strengths of dual cure bulk fill material.
authors.affiliation: Fahad Alkhudhairy, Assistant Professor, Department of Restorative Dental Sciences, College of Dentistry, King Saud University, Riyadh 11545, Saudi Arabia.
authors.forename: Fahad
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Alkhudhairy
authors.affiliation: Fahim Vohra, Associate Professor, Prosthetic Dental Science Department, College of Dentistry, King Saud University, Riyadh 11545, Saudi Arabia.
authors.forename: Fahim
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Vohra
keywords: Bulk fill; Compressive strength; Dual cure; Photoactivation duration; Zirconia nano particle