title: The extent to which immunity, apoptosis and detoxification gene expression interact with 17 alpha-methyltestosterone.
abstract: Innate immunity is the first line of defence against invasion by foreign pathogens. One widely used synthetic androgen for the production of all-male fish, particularly commercially valuable Nile tilapia, Oreochromis niloticus, is 17 alpha-methyltestosterone (MT). The present study investigates the effect of MT on innate immunity, cellular apoptosis and detoxification and the mortality rate, during and after the feeding of fry with 0-, 40-and 60-mg MT/kg. Expression analysis was completed on interleukin 1 beta (il1β), interleukin 8 (il8), tumour necrosis factor alpha (tnfα), CXC2- and CC-chemokines, interferon (ifn), myxovirus resistance (mx), toll-like receptor 7 (tlr7), immunoglobulin M heavy chain (IgM heavy chain), vitellogenin (vtg), cellular apoptosis susceptibility (cas) and glutathione S-transferase α1 (gstα1). Expression analysis revealed that MT had a significant impact on these genes, and this impact varied from induction to repression during and after the treatment. Linear regression analysis showed a significant association between the majority of the tested gene transcript levels and mortality rates on the 7thand 21stdays of hormonal treatment and 2 weeks following hormonal cessation. The results are thoroughly discussed in this article. This is the first report concerning the hazardous effect of MT on a series of genes involved in immunity, apoptosis and detoxification in the Nile tilapia fry.
authors.affiliation: Animal Health Research Institute, Shibin Al-Kom Branch, Agriculture Research Centre, El-Minufiya, Egypt; Department of Animal Wealth Development, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kafrelsheikh University, Egypt. Electronic address: aboalela@ahri.gov.eg.
authors.forename: Haitham G
authors.initials: HG
authors.lastname: Abo-Al-Ela
authors.affiliation: Department of Animal Husbandry and Animal Wealth Development, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Alexandria University, Egypt.
authors.forename: Abeer F
authors.initials: AF
authors.lastname: El-Nahas
authors.affiliation: Department of Physiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kafrelsheikh University, Egypt.
authors.forename: Shawky
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Mahmoud
authors.affiliation: Animal Health Research Institute, Agriculture Research Centre, Giza, Egypt.
authors.forename: Essam M
authors.initials: EM
authors.lastname: Ibrahim
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D017209:Apoptosis; D023681:Cichlids / Q000235:genetics* / Q000276:immunology* / Q000378:metabolism; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D029941:Fish Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D015870:Gene Expression; D007113:Immunity, Innate; D008658:Inactivation, Metabolic; D008136:Longevity; D008297:Male; D008777:Methyltestosterone / Q000378:metabolism; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D029941:Fish Proteins; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D008777:Methyltestosterone
keywords: 17 alpha-methyltestosterone; Gene expression; Innate immunity; Monosex fish; Nile tilapia