title: Diversification in wild populations of the model organismAnolis carolinensis: A genome-wide phylogeographic investigation.
abstract: The green anole (Anolis carolinensis) is a lizard widespread throughout the southeastern United States and is a model organism for the study of reproductive behavior, physiology, neural biology, and genomics. Previous phylogeographic studies ofA. carolinensisusing mitochondrial DNA and small numbers of nuclear loci identified conflicting and poorly supported relationships among geographically structured clades; these inconsistencies preclude confident use ofA. carolinensisevolutionary history in association with morphological, physiological, or reproductive biology studies among sampling localities and necessitate increased effort to resolve evolutionary relationships among natural populations. Here, we used anchored hybrid enrichment of hundreds of genetic markers across the genome ofA. carolinensisand identified five strongly supported phylogeographic groups. Using multiple analyses, we produced a fully resolved species tree, investigated relative support for each lineage across all gene trees, and identified mito-nuclear discordance when comparing our results to previous studies. We found fixed differences in only one clade-southern Florida restricted to the Everglades region-while most polymorphisms were shared between lineages. The southern Florida group likely diverged from other populations during the Pliocene, with all other diversification during the Pleistocene. Multiple lines of support, including phylogenetic relationships, a latitudinal gradient in genetic diversity, and relatively more stable long-term population sizes in southern phylogeographic groups, indicate that diversification inA. carolinensisoccurred northward from southern Florida.
authors.affiliation: New York University Abu Dhabi Abu Dhabi UAE.
authors.forename: Joseph D
authors.initials: JD
authors.lastname: Manthey
authors.affiliation: Biodesign Institute Arizona State University Tempe AZ USA.
authors.forename: Marc
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Tollis
authors.affiliation: Department of Scientific Computing Florida State University Tallahassee FL USA.
authors.forename: Alan R
authors.initials: AR
authors.lastname: Lemmon
authors.affiliation: Department of Biological Science Florida State University Tallahassee FL USA.
authors.forename: Emily
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Moriarty Lemmon
authors.affiliation: New York University Abu Dhabi Abu Dhabi UAE.
authors.forename: Stéphane
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Boissinot
keywords: Anolis; phylogeography; species tree; target capture