title: Allostasis in health and food addiction.
abstract: Homeostasis is the basis of modern medicine and allostasis, a further elaboration of homeostasis, has been defined as stability through change, which was later modified to predictive reference resetting. It has been suggested that pleasure is related to salience (behavioral relevance), and withdrawal has been linked to allostasis in addictive types. The question arises how the clinical and neural signatures of pleasure, salience, allostasis and withdrawal relate, both in a non-addicted and addicted state. Resting state EEGs were performed in 66 people, involving a food-addicted obese group, a non-food addicted obese group and a lean control group. Correlation analyses were performed on behavioral data, and correlation, comparative and conjunction analyses were performed to extract electrophysiological relationships between pleasure, salience, allostasis and withdrawal. Pleasure/liking seems to be the phenomenological expression that enough salient stimuli are obtained, and withdrawal can be seen as a motivational incentive because due to allostatic reference resetting, more stimuli are required. In addition, in contrast to non-addiction, a pathological, non-adaptive salience attached to food results in withdrawal mediated through persistent allostatic reference resetting.
authors.affiliation: Section of Neurosurgery, Department of Surgical Sciences, Dunedin School of Medicine, University of Otago, New Zealand.
authors.forename: Dirk
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: De Ridder
authors.affiliation: Section of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, Dunedin School of Medicine, University of Otago, New Zealand.
authors.forename: Patrick
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Manning
authors.affiliation: Section of Neurosurgery, Department of Surgical Sciences, Dunedin School of Medicine, University of Otago, New Zealand.
authors.forename: Sook Ling
authors.initials: SL
authors.lastname: Leong
authors.affiliation: Section of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, Dunedin School of Medicine, University of Otago, New Zealand.
authors.forename: Samantha
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Ross
authors.affiliation: School of Behavioral and Brain Sciences, University of Texas at Dallas, USA.
authors.forename: Sven
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Vanneste
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D052636:Allostasis; D001921:Brain / Q000503:physiopathology*; D058256:Brain Waves; D004569:Electroencephalography; D005260:Female; D000073932:Food Addiction / Q000503:physiopathology*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009765:Obesity / Q000503:physiopathology*; D057181:Pleasure; D013375:Substance Withdrawal Syndrome / Q000503:physiopathology