title: Bioremediation of long-term PCB-contaminated soil by white-rot fungi.
abstract: The objective of this work was to test the PCB-degrading abilities of two white-rot fungi, namely Pleurotus ostreatus and Irpex lacteus, in real contaminated soils with different chemical properties and autochthonous microflora. In addition to the efficiency in PCB removal, attention was given to other important parameters, such as changes in the toxicity and formation of PCB transformation products. Moreover, structural shifts and dynamics of both bacterial and fungal communities were monitored using next-generation sequencing and phospholipid fatty acid analysis. The best results were obtained with P. ostreatus, which resulted in PCB removals of 18.5, 41.3 and 50.5% from the bulk, top (surface) and rhizosphere, respectively, of dumpsite soils after 12 weeks of treatment. Numerous transformation products were detected (hydoxylated and methoxylated PCBs, chlorobenzoates and chlorobenzyl alcohols), which indicates that both fungi were able to oxidize and decompose the aromatic moiety of PCBs in the soils. Microbial community analysis revealed that P. ostreatus efficiently colonized the soil samples and suppressed other fungal genera. However, the same fungus substantially stimulated bacterial taxa that encompass putative PCB degraders. The results of this study finally demonstrated the feasibility of using this fungus for possible scaled-up bioremediation applications.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Microbiology, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic v.v.i., Vídeňská 1083, CZ-142 20, Prague 4, Czechia; Department for Innovation in Biological, Agro-food and Forest Systems (DIBAF), University of Tuscia, Via S. Camillo De Lellis, 01100, Viterbo, Italy; Institute for Environmental Studies, Faculty of Science, Charles University in Prague, Benátská 2, CZ-128 01, Prague 2, Czechia.
authors.forename: Tatiana
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Stella
authors.affiliation: Institute of Microbiology, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic v.v.i., Vídeňská 1083, CZ-142 20, Prague 4, Czechia; Institute for Environmental Studies, Faculty of Science, Charles University in Prague, Benátská 2, CZ-128 01, Prague 2, Czechia; Department of Chemistry, Biology and Biotechnologies, University of Perugia, Via del Giochetto snc, 06122, Perugia, Italy.
authors.forename: Stefano
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Covino
authors.affiliation: Institute of Microbiology, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic v.v.i., Vídeňská 1083, CZ-142 20, Prague 4, Czechia; Institute for Environmental Studies, Faculty of Science, Charles University in Prague, Benátská 2, CZ-128 01, Prague 2, Czechia.
authors.forename: Monika
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Čvančarová
authors.affiliation: Institute of Microbiology, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic v.v.i., Vídeňská 1083, CZ-142 20, Prague 4, Czechia.
authors.forename: Alena
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Filipová
authors.affiliation: Department for Innovation in Biological, Agro-food and Forest Systems (DIBAF), University of Tuscia, Via S. Camillo De Lellis, 01100, Viterbo, Italy.
authors.forename: Maurizio
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Petruccioli
authors.affiliation: Department for Innovation in Biological, Agro-food and Forest Systems (DIBAF), University of Tuscia, Via S. Camillo De Lellis, 01100, Viterbo, Italy.
authors.forename: Alessandro
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: D'Annibale
authors.affiliation: Institute of Microbiology, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic v.v.i., Vídeňská 1083, CZ-142 20, Prague 4, Czechia; Institute for Environmental Studies, Faculty of Science, Charles University in Prague, Benátská 2, CZ-128 01, Prague 2, Czechia. Electronic address: cajthaml@biomed.cas.cz.
authors.forename: Tomáš
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Cajthaml
mesh_terms: D001673:Biodegradation, Environmental; D018153:Czech Republic; D020076:Pleurotus / Q000254:growth & development* / Q000378:metabolism*; D011078:Polychlorinated Biphenyls / Q000032:analysis* / Q000378:metabolism; D012987:Soil / Q000737:chemistry; D012988:Soil Microbiology; D012989:Soil Pollutants / Q000032:analysis* / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D012987:Soil; D012989:Soil Pollutants; D011078:Polychlorinated Biphenyls
keywords: Ligninolytic fungi; Metabolites; Microbial community; Pleurotus ostreatus; Polychlorinated biphenyls