title: Assessment of the relationship between serum paraoxonase activity and epicardial adipose tissue in hemodialysis patients.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Paraoxonase-1 (PON-1) is a high-density lipoprotein-associated (HDL) enzyme, which has been shown to reduce susceptibility to low-density lipoprotein (LDL) peroxidation. Epicardial adipose tissue (EAT) is a marker of atherosclerosis. The aim of this study was to determine the relationship between PON-1 activity and EAT in hemodialysis (HD) patients.
  
  
  METHODS
  This is a cross-sectional study conducted on 72 (43 males) HD patients with end-stage renal disease. Serum levels for lipid profiles, C-reactive protein, calcium, phosphate, and parathyroid hormone were measured. PON-1 activity was also measured and compared to the rate of enzymatic hydrolysis of paraoxon to p-nitrophenol. Echocardiography was used to measure EAT thickness (EATT). The correlation between PON-1 and EATT was assessed, while independent predictors of EATT in HD patients were similarly assessed using multivariate regression analysis.
  
  
  RESULTS
  There was a significant low mean value of PON-1 activity in HD patients compared with the control group (82.1 ± 31.6 vs. 164.3 ± 61.5 U/l, p = 0.0001) and significant high mean value of EATT in HD patients, compared with controls (6.2 ± 1.7 vs. 3.9 ± 1.1 mm, p = 0.0001). In addition, there was a significant negative correlation between PON-1 activity and EATT (r = -0.484, p = 0.0001) and a significant positive correlation between PON-1 activity and HDL-C (r = 0.417, p = 0.0003). PON-1, total cholesterol, triglycerides, LDL, HDL, age, and body mass index were found to be independent predictors of EATT.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our study demonstrated that PON-1 activity was significantly lower in HD patients compared with healthy controls and that PON-1 activity was inversely correlated with EATT in this population.
authors.affiliation: Department of Nephrology, Theodor Bilharz Research Institute, El-Nile St. Waraq El-Hadar, P.O. Box 30, Imbaba, Giza, 12411, Egypt. drabdallah96@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Emad
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Abdallah
authors.affiliation: Department of Nephrology, Theodor Bilharz Research Institute, El-Nile St. Waraq El-Hadar, P.O. Box 30, Imbaba, Giza, 12411, Egypt.
authors.forename: Samya
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: El-Shishtawy
authors.affiliation: Department of Nephrology, Theodor Bilharz Research Institute, El-Nile St. Waraq El-Hadar, P.O. Box 30, Imbaba, Giza, 12411, Egypt.
authors.forename: Nevine
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Sherif
authors.affiliation: Department of Intensive Care Unit, Theodor Bilharz Research Institute, Cairo, Egypt.
authors.forename: Ahmed
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Ali
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical Chemistry, Theodor Bilharz Research Institute, Cairo, Egypt.
authors.forename: Omnia
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: El-Bendary
mesh_terms: D000273:Adipose Tissue / Q000473:pathology*; D000328:Adult; D043303:Aryldialkylphosphatase / Q000032:analysis / Q000097:blood; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000032:analysis / Q000097:blood; D015992:Body Mass Index; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D004452:Echocardiography / Q000379:methods; D004534:Egypt; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007676:Kidney Failure, Chronic / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology / Q000628:therapy; D008077:Lipoproteins, LDL / Q000097:blood; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009596:Nitrophenols / Q000032:analysis / Q000378:metabolism*; D010496:Pericardium / Q000473:pathology*; D006435:Renal Dialysis / Q000379:methods; D013223:Statistics as Topic
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; D008077:Lipoproteins, LDL; D009596:Nitrophenols; D043303:Aryldialkylphosphatase; C024836:4-nitrophenol
keywords: Epicardial adipose tissue; Hemodialysis; Paraoxonase-1 activity