title: Phytochemical profiles of marine phytoplanktons: an evaluation of their in vitro antioxidant and anti-proliferative activities.
abstract: Marine microorganisms such as phytoplanktons are a rich resource of bioactive components with antioxidant and anti-proliferative activities that can act as novel functional food ingredients. In this study, the pigment profiles, total mycosporine-like amino acids (MAAs) and total phenolic contents (TPCs) in solvent extracts including 90% acetone and methanol from five marine phytoplanktons including Nitzschia closterium (Bacillariophyta), Isochrysis zhangjiangensis (Haptophyta), Platymonas subcordiformis (Chlorophyta), Porphyridium cruentum (Rhodophyta) and Synechocystis pevalekii (Cyanobacteria) were analyzed. Each phytoplankton from different phyla had its unique compositions of carotenoids and chlorophylls. The 90% acetone extract from I. zhangjiangensis had the highest MAA content (508.30 μg per g DW) while the methanol extract from N. closterium had the highest level of TPCs (6.15 mg GAE per g DW) among all the phytoplanktons investigated. The amounts of total carotenoids in all the 90% acetone extracts from the five phytoplanktons as well as total MAAs in those from within the four microalgae except S. pevalekii were found to be strongly correlated with their antioxidant activities evaluated by the DPPH, TEAC and FRAP assays. Only the level of total carotenoids in the phytoplanktons was correlated with their anti-proliferative activities assessed by the MTT assays using MCF-7 cells. Therefore, individual carotenoid pigments seemed to be mainly responsible for the antioxidant and anti-proliferative (or anticancer) activities found in the solvent extracts of the five phytoplanktons. Hence these phytoplanktons have the potential as novel sources of natural food antioxidants and anticancer agents to be used as active ingredients in functional food products.
authors.affiliation: Food and Nutritional Sciences Programme, School of Life Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong S.A.R., People's Republic of China. petercheung@cuhk.edu.hk and Marine Biology Institute, Shantou University, No. 243, Daxue Road, Shantou 515063, Guangdong Province, People's Republic of China and Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, 5 Science Drive 2, Singapore 117597, Republic of Singapore.
authors.forename: Jim Jun-Hui
authors.initials: JJ
authors.lastname: Huang
authors.affiliation: Institute of Tumor Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, 601 West Huangpu Blvd, Guangzhou 510632, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Wen-Wen
authors.initials: WW
authors.lastname: Xu
authors.affiliation: College of Food Science, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, Fujian Province, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Shao-Ling
authors.initials: SL
authors.lastname: Lin
authors.affiliation: Food and Nutritional Sciences Programme, School of Life Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong S.A.R., People's Republic of China. petercheung@cuhk.edu.hk.
authors.forename: Peter Chi-Keung
authors.initials: PC
authors.lastname: Cheung
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000972:Antineoplastic Agents, Phytogenic / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology; D000975:Antioxidants / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology; D059001:Aquatic Organisms; D002470:Cell Survival / Q000187:drug effects; D002522:Chlorocebus aethiops; D006801:Humans; D061986:MCF-7 Cells; D064209:Phytochemicals / Q000737:chemistry*; D010839:Phytoplankton / Q000737:chemistry*; D014709:Vero Cells
chemical_list: D000972:Antineoplastic Agents, Phytogenic; D000975:Antioxidants; D064209:Phytochemicals