title: Electrosprayed Myocet-like Liposomes: An Alternative to Traditional Liposome Production.
abstract: Although doxorubicin (DXR) has been on the market for many years as an anti-cancer drug, a number of serious dose-limiting toxicities hinder its widespread use. To reduce the known toxicities of soluble DXR, various liposomes have been designed including Doxil, Caelyx, and Myocet. Myocet, a non-PEGylated liposomal formulation containing DXR, was found to reduce the toxicities associated with soluble DXR and has been used in Europe and Canada (but not the US) as a first line therapy. While regarded as successful, Myocet does have some formulation drawbacks including stability, drug release, and an arduous formulation and remote loading method for preparation.
  
  
  
  Our lab has developed a liposomal electrospray process in which formulation and remote loading occurs continuously in one step, cutting down on the total time of production and increasing the drug retention in the liposomes with respect to more conventional methods. Electrosprayed Myocet-like liposomes were then tested in vitro for release kinetics and cytotoxicity with respect to a more conventional formulation method.
  
  
  
  Myocet-like liposomes manufactured via electrospray had similar DXR loadings, hydrodynamic diameters, morphologies, and cytotoxic profiles as their thin-film hydration counterparts, but their release profiles were drastically prolonged.
  
  
  
  Our findings indicate that electrospray is a viable manufacturing procedure to scalably produce Myocet-like liposomes that appear to be more stable than those formulated through thin-film hydration.
authors.affiliation: Division of Pharmacoengineering and Molecular Pharmaceutics, Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina, 4211 Marsico Hall, 125 Mason Farm Road, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, 27599, USA.
authors.forename: Michael A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Collier
authors.affiliation: Division of Pharmacoengineering and Molecular Pharmaceutics, Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina, 4211 Marsico Hall, 125 Mason Farm Road, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, 27599, USA.
authors.forename: Eric M
authors.initials: EM
authors.lastname: Bachelder
authors.affiliation: Division of Pharmacoengineering and Molecular Pharmaceutics, Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina, 4211 Marsico Hall, 125 Mason Farm Road, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, 27599, USA. ainsliek@email.unc.edu.
authors.forename: Kristy M
authors.initials: KM
authors.lastname: Ainslie
mesh_terms: D000970:Antineoplastic Agents / Q000737:chemistry; D045744:Cell Line, Tumor; D002626:Chemistry, Pharmaceutical / Q000379:methods; D004317:Doxorubicin / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000737:chemistry*; D065546:Drug Liberation; D006801:Humans; D007700:Kinetics; D008081:Liposomes / Q000737:chemistry*; D061986:MCF-7 Cells; D011092:Polyethylene Glycols / Q000737:chemistry
chemical_list: D000970:Antineoplastic Agents; D008081:Liposomes; C506643:liposomal doxorubicin; D011092:Polyethylene Glycols; D004317:Doxorubicin
keywords: doxorubicin; drug delivery; electrospray; liposomes; scalable