title: Identification of novel genes by whole-exome sequencing can improve gastric cancer precision oncology.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  By identifying cancer driver genes involved in tumorigenesis, whole-exome sequencing (WES) analyses enable the development of robust biomarkers and novel therapeutic targets to reach precision oncology.
  
  
  METHODS
  WES analyses were performed in matched gastric cancer-normal gastric tissues from two patients. We compared genes highlighted with those of a database and recent WES/whole-genome sequencing studies.
  
  
  RESULTS
  We identified 32 highlighted gastric cancer genes, two of these (DEFB118 and RNF43) may provide future potential clinical implications.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Definitive evidence on extensive genetic heterogeneity suggests the need for large-scale next-generation sequencing studies to validate gastric cancer driver genes catalog. This list represents the foundation for developing genome-based biomarkers to guide precision gastric cancer treatment.
authors.affiliation: Centre for Biosystems & Genomic Network Medicine, University of Ioannina, Ioannina, Greece.|Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, University of Ioannina, Ioannina, Greece.
authors.forename: Georgios D
authors.initials: GD
authors.lastname: Lianos
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, University of Ioannina, Ioannina, Greece.
authors.forename: Georgios K
authors.initials: GK
authors.lastname: Glantzounis
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, University of Ioannina, Ioannina, Greece.
authors.forename: Christina D
authors.initials: CD
authors.lastname: Bali
authors.affiliation: Centre for Biosystems & Genomic Network Medicine, University of Ioannina, Ioannina, Greece.|Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, University of Ioannina, Ioannina, Greece.
authors.forename: Christos
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Katsios
authors.affiliation: Centre for Biosystems & Genomic Network Medicine, University of Ioannina, Ioannina, Greece.|Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, University of Ioannina, Ioannina, Greece.|Commision of Innovation & Research, University of Ioannina, Ioannina, Greece.|Biomedical Research Foundation of the Academy of Athens (BRFAA), Systems Biology, Athens, Greece.
authors.forename: Dimitrios H
authors.initials: DH
authors.lastname: Roukos
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D015415:Biomarkers; D019295:Computational Biology / Q000379:methods; D056915:DNA Copy Number Variations; D059472:Exome; D005260:Female; D056726:Genetic Association Studies; D059014:High-Throughput Nucleotide Sequencing; D006801:Humans; D054643:INDEL Mutation; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009154:Mutation; D060787:Neoplasm Grading; D009367:Neoplasm Staging; D020641:Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide; D057285:Precision Medicine; D011379:Prognosis; D013274:Stomach Neoplasms / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000235:genetics*
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers
keywords: biomarkers; next-generation sequencing analyses; personalized cancer medicine; therapeutic targets; whole-exome sequencing; whole-genome sequencing