title: Effect of inoculum size, bacterial species, type of surfaces and contact time to the transfer of foodborne pathogens from inoculated to non-inoculated beef fillets via food processing surfaces.
abstract: The objective of the present study was to determine the factors affecting the transfer of foodborne pathogens from inoculated beef fillets to non-inoculated ones, through food processing surfaces. Three different levels of inoculation of beef fillets surface were prepared: a high one of approximately 107CFU/cm2, a medium one of 105CFU/cm2and a low one of 103CFU/cm2, using mixed-strains of Listeria monocytogenes, or Salmonella enterica Typhimurium, or Escherichia coli O157:H7. The inoculated fillets were then placed on 3 different types of surfaces (stainless steel-SS, polyethylene-PE and wood-WD), for 1 or 15 min. Subsequently, these fillets were removed from the cutting boards and six sequential non-inoculated fillets were placed on the same surfaces for the same period of time. All non-inoculated fillets were contaminated with a progressive reduction trend of each pathogen's population level from the inoculated fillets to the sixth non-inoculated ones that got in contact with the surfaces, and regardless the initial inoculum, a reduction of approximately 2 log CFU/g between inoculated and 1st non-inoculated fillet was observed. S. Typhimurium was transferred at lower mean population (2.39 log CFU/g) to contaminated fillets than E. coli O157:H7 (2.93 log CFU/g), followed by L. monocytogenes (3.12 log CFU/g; P < 0.05). Wooden surfaces (2.77 log CFU/g) enhanced the transfer of bacteria to subsequent fillets compared to other materials (2.66 log CFU/g for SS and PE; P < 0.05). Cross-contamination between meat and surfaces is a multifactorial process strongly depended on the species, initial contamination level, kind of surface, contact time and the number of subsequent fillet, according to analysis of variance. Thus, quantifying the cross-contamination risk associated with various steps of meat processing and food establishments or households can provide a scientific basis for risk management of such products.
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Microbiology and Biotechnology of Foods, Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, Faculty of Foods, Biotechnology and Development, Agricultural University of Athens (AUA), Iera Odos 75, Athens 11855, Greece.
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Gkana
authors.affiliation: Institute of Technology of Agricultural Products, Hellenic Agricultural Organisation-DEMETER, Sofokli Venizelou 1, Lykovrysi 14123, Attica, Greece.
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Chorianopoulos
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Microbiology and Biotechnology of Foods, Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, Faculty of Foods, Biotechnology and Development, Agricultural University of Athens (AUA), Iera Odos 75, Athens 11855, Greece.
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Grounta
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Food Microbiology and Hygiene, Department of Food Science and Technology, Faculty of Agriculture, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, PO Box 256, Thessaloniki 541 24, Greece.
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Koutsoumanis
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Microbiology and Biotechnology of Foods, Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, Faculty of Foods, Biotechnology and Development, Agricultural University of Athens (AUA), Iera Odos 75, Athens 11855, Greece. Electronic address: gjn@aua.gr.
authors.forename: G-J E
authors.initials: GE
authors.lastname: Nychas
mesh_terms: D001419:Bacteria / Q000254:growth & development / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D058491:Bacterial Load; D003257:Consumer Product Safety; D019453:Escherichia coli O157 / Q000254:growth & development / Q000302:isolation & purification; D005511:Food Handling; D005516:Food Microbiology; D059022:Food Safety; D005525:Food-Processing Industry; D005517:Foodborne Diseases / Q000517:prevention & control; D008089:Listeria monocytogenes / Q000254:growth & development / Q000302:isolation & purification; D008461:Meat Products / Q000382:microbiology; D010969:Plastics; D000069466:Red Meat / Q000382:microbiology*; D012486:Salmonella typhimurium / Q000254:growth & development / Q000302:isolation & purification; D013193:Stainless Steel; D014934:Wood / Q000382:microbiology
chemical_list: D010969:Plastics; D013193:Stainless Steel
keywords: Beef fillets; Cross-contamination; Escherichia coli O157:H7; Food safety; Listeria monocytogenes; Risk analysis; Salmonella ser. Typhimurium; Surfaces