title: State-of-the-Art Pulmonary CT Angiography for Acute Pulmonary Embolism.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Pulmonary CT angiography (CTA) is the imaging modality of choice in suspected acute pulmonary embolism (PE). Current pulmonary CTA techniques involve ever lower doses of contrast medium and radiation along with advanced postprocessing applications to enhance image quality, diagnostic accuracy, and provide added value in patient management. The objective of this article is to summarize these current developments and discuss the appropriate use of state-of-the-art pulmonary CTA.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Pulmonary CTA is well established as a fast and reliable means of excluding or diagnosing PE. Continued developments in CT system hardware and postprocessing techniques will allow incremental reductions in radiation and contrast material requirements while improving image quality. Advances in risk stratification and prognostication from pulmonary CTA examinations should further refine its clinical value while minimizing the potential harm from overutilization and overdiagnosis.
authors.affiliation: 1 Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, Division of Cardiovascular Imaging, Medical University of South Carolina, 25 Courtenay Dr, Ashley River Tower, Charleston, SC 29425.|2 Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, University Hospital Frankfurt, Frankfurt, Germany.
authors.forename: Moritz H
authors.initials: MH
authors.lastname: Albrecht
authors.affiliation: 1 Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, Division of Cardiovascular Imaging, Medical University of South Carolina, 25 Courtenay Dr, Ashley River Tower, Charleston, SC 29425.
authors.forename: Matthew W
authors.initials: MW
authors.lastname: Bickford
authors.affiliation: 1 Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, Division of Cardiovascular Imaging, Medical University of South Carolina, 25 Courtenay Dr, Ashley River Tower, Charleston, SC 29425.
authors.forename: John W
authors.initials: JW
authors.lastname: Nance
authors.affiliation: 3 Department of Medical Imaging, Jinling Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Jiangsu, China.
authors.forename: Longjiang
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: 1 Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, Division of Cardiovascular Imaging, Medical University of South Carolina, 25 Courtenay Dr, Ashley River Tower, Charleston, SC 29425.
authors.forename: Carlo N
authors.initials: CN
authors.lastname: De Cecco
authors.affiliation: 2 Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, University Hospital Frankfurt, Frankfurt, Germany.
authors.forename: Julian L
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: Wichmann
authors.affiliation: 2 Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, University Hospital Frankfurt, Frankfurt, Germany.
authors.forename: Thomas J
authors.initials: TJ
authors.lastname: Vogl
authors.affiliation: 1 Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, Division of Cardiovascular Imaging, Medical University of South Carolina, 25 Courtenay Dr, Ashley River Tower, Charleston, SC 29425.|3 Department of Medical Imaging, Jinling Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Jiangsu, China.
authors.forename: U Joseph
authors.initials: UJ
authors.lastname: Schoepf
mesh_terms: D000208:Acute Disease; D000465:Algorithms; D000072226:Computed Tomography Angiography / Q000379:methods*; D003287:Contrast Media; D019317:Evidence-Based Medicine; D006801:Humans; D010363:Pattern Recognition, Automated / Q000379:methods; D011655:Pulmonary Embolism / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D000069079:Radiation Exposure / Q000517:prevention & control*; D011835:Radiation Protection / Q000379:methods; D011856:Radiographic Image Enhancement / Q000379:methods*; D011857:Radiographic Image Interpretation, Computer-Assisted / Q000379:methods*; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity
chemical_list: D003287:Contrast Media
keywords: acute pulmonary embolism; pulmonary CT angiography (CTA)