title: Genetic polymorphism inCD14gene, a co-receptor of TLR4 associated with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate the pathogenic role of toll-like receptor (TLR) gene polymorphisms in patients with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD).
  
  
  METHODS
  Two hundred and fifty subjects (NAFLD = 200, healthy volunteers = 50) underwent polymerase chain reaction and restriction fragment length polymorphism to assess one polymorphism in the toll-like receptor 2 (TLR2) gene (A753G), two polymorphisms in theTLR4gene (TLR4 Asp299Gly and Thr399Ile allele), and two polymorphisms in the cluster of differentiation 14 (CD14) (C-159T and C-550T) gene, a co-receptor of TLR4. Association ofTLRgene polymorphisms with NAFLD and its severity was evaluated by genetic models of association.
  
  
  RESULTS
  On both multiplicative and recessive models of gene polymorphism association, there was significant association of CD14 C (-159) T polymorphism with NAFLD; patients with TT genotype had a 2.6 fold increased risk of developing NAFLD in comparison to CC genotype. There was no association of TLR2 Arg753Gln, TLR4 Asp299Gly, Thr399Ile, and CD14 C (-550) T polymorphisms with NAFLD. None of the TLR gene polymorphisms had an association with histological severity of NAFLD.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Patients with CD14 C (-159) T gene polymorphism, a co-receptor of TLR4, have an increased risk of NAFLD development.
authors.affiliation: Shweta Kapil, Ajay Duseja, Bal Krishan Sharma, Bhupesh Singla, Radha K Dhiman, Yogesh Chawla, Department of Hepatology, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh 160012, India.
authors.forename: Shweta
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Kapil
authors.affiliation: Shweta Kapil, Ajay Duseja, Bal Krishan Sharma, Bhupesh Singla, Radha K Dhiman, Yogesh Chawla, Department of Hepatology, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh 160012, India.
authors.forename: Ajay
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Duseja
authors.affiliation: Shweta Kapil, Ajay Duseja, Bal Krishan Sharma, Bhupesh Singla, Radha K Dhiman, Yogesh Chawla, Department of Hepatology, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh 160012, India.
authors.forename: Bal Krishan
authors.initials: BK
authors.lastname: Sharma
authors.affiliation: Shweta Kapil, Ajay Duseja, Bal Krishan Sharma, Bhupesh Singla, Radha K Dhiman, Yogesh Chawla, Department of Hepatology, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh 160012, India.
authors.forename: Bhupesh
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Singla
authors.affiliation: Shweta Kapil, Ajay Duseja, Bal Krishan Sharma, Bhupesh Singla, Radha K Dhiman, Yogesh Chawla, Department of Hepatology, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh 160012, India.
authors.forename: Anuradha
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Chakraborti
authors.affiliation: Shweta Kapil, Ajay Duseja, Bal Krishan Sharma, Bhupesh Singla, Radha K Dhiman, Yogesh Chawla, Department of Hepatology, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh 160012, India.
authors.forename: Ashim
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Das
authors.affiliation: Shweta Kapil, Ajay Duseja, Bal Krishan Sharma, Bhupesh Singla, Radha K Dhiman, Yogesh Chawla, Department of Hepatology, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh 160012, India.
authors.forename: Pallab
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Ray
authors.affiliation: Shweta Kapil, Ajay Duseja, Bal Krishan Sharma, Bhupesh Singla, Radha K Dhiman, Yogesh Chawla, Department of Hepatology, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh 160012, India.
authors.forename: Radha K
authors.initials: RK
authors.lastname: Dhiman
authors.affiliation: Shweta Kapil, Ajay Duseja, Bal Krishan Sharma, Bhupesh Singla, Radha K Dhiman, Yogesh Chawla, Department of Hepatology, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh 160012, India.
authors.forename: Yogesh
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Chawla
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D005260:Female; D005787:Gene Frequency; D056726:Genetic Association Studies; D020022:Genetic Predisposition to Disease; D006239:Haplotypes; D006801:Humans; D018950:Lipopolysaccharide Receptors / Q000235:genetics* / Q000276:immunology; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D065626:Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000235:genetics* / Q000276:immunology; D010641:Phenotype; D011110:Polymorphism, Genetic; D011401:Promoter Regions, Genetic; D012307:Risk Factors; D012720:Severity of Illness Index; D051195:Toll-Like Receptor 2 / Q000235:genetics; D051197:Toll-Like Receptor 4 / Q000235:genetics* / Q000276:immunology
chemical_list: D018950:Lipopolysaccharide Receptors; C495342:TLR2 protein, human; C495345:TLR4 protein, human; D051195:Toll-Like Receptor 2; D051197:Toll-Like Receptor 4
keywords: Bacterial overgrowth; Insulin resistance; Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease; Non-alcoholic steatohepatitis; Obesity, Cirrhosis; Toll-like receptors