title: Driving Pest Insect Populations: Agricultural Chemicals Lead to an Adaptive Syndrome in Nilaparvata Lugens Stål (Hemiptera: Delphacidae).
abstract: The brown planthopper (BPH) is a devastating pest of rice throughout Asia. In this paper we document the BPH biogeographic range expansion in China over the 20-year period, 1992 to 2012. We posed the hypothesis that the range expansion is due to a syndrome of adaptations to the continuous presence of agricultural chemicals (insecticides and a fungicide) over the last 40 years. With respect to biogeography, BPH ranges have expanded by 13% from 1992 to 1997 and by another 3% from 1997 to 2012. In our view, such expansions may follow primarily from the enhancing effects of JGM, among other agricultural chemicals, and from global warming. JGM treatments led to increased thermotolerance, recorded as decreased mortality under heat stress at 40 ± 1 °C (down from 80% to 55%) and increased fecundity (by 49%) at 34 °C. At the molecular level, JGM treatments led to increased abundances of mRNA encoding Acetyl Co-A carboxylase (Acc) (up 25%) and Hsp70 (up 32%) in experimental BPH. RNAi silencing of Hsp70 and Acc eliminated the JGM effects on fecundity and silencing Hsp70 reduced JGM-induced thermotolerance. Integrated with global climate change scenarios, such syndromes in pest insect species have potential for regional- and global-scale agricultural disasters.
authors.affiliation: School of Plant Protection, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China.
authors.forename: Lin-Lin
authors.initials: LL
authors.lastname: You
authors.affiliation: School of Plant Protection, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China.
authors.forename: You
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Wu
authors.affiliation: School of Plant Protection, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China.
authors.forename: Bing
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Xu
authors.affiliation: School of Plant Protection, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China.
authors.forename: Jun
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Ding
authors.affiliation: School of Plant Protection, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China.
authors.forename: Lin-Quan
authors.initials: LQ
authors.lastname: Ge
authors.affiliation: School of Plant Protection, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China.
authors.forename: Guo-Qin
authors.initials: GQ
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.affiliation: Division of Plant Sciences, University of Missouri, Agriculture Building, Columbia, Mo 65211, USA.
authors.forename: Qi-Sheng
authors.initials: QS
authors.lastname: Song
authors.affiliation: USDA/Agricultural Research Service, Biological Control of Insects Research Laboratory, Columbia, Missouri, MO, 65211, USA.
authors.forename: David
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Stanley
authors.affiliation: School of Plant Protection, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China.
authors.forename: Jin-Cai
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: Wu
mesh_terms: D000103:Acetyl-CoA Carboxylase / Q000235:genetics*; D016573:Agrochemicals / Q000009:adverse effects*; D000818:Animals; D002681:China; D057231:Climate Change; D005260:Female; D005298:Fertility / Q000187:drug effects / Q000235:genetics; D005659:Fungicides, Industrial / Q000009:adverse effects; D057232:Global Warming; D018840:HSP70 Heat-Shock Proteins / Q000235:genetics*; D006430:Hemiptera / Q000187:drug effects / Q000235:genetics* / Q000472:pathogenicity; D006801:Humans; D007294:Inositol / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000031:analogs & derivatives; D019476:Insect Proteins / Q000187:drug effects / Q000235:genetics*; D007306:Insecticides / Q000009:adverse effects; D012275:Oryza / Q000469:parasitology; D010053:Ovary / Q000187:drug effects / Q000473:pathology; D034622:RNA Interference; D012098:Reproduction / Q000187:drug effects / Q000235:genetics; D012232:Rhizoctonia / Q000187:drug effects / Q000472:pathogenicity
chemical_list: D016573:Agrochemicals; D005659:Fungicides, Industrial; D018840:HSP70 Heat-Shock Proteins; D019476:Insect Proteins; D007306:Insecticides; C030790:validamycin A; D007294:Inositol; D000103:Acetyl-CoA Carboxylase