title: Effects of Tin on Enzyme Activity in Holothuria grisea (Echinodermata: Holothuroidea).
abstract: This study evaluated the effect of tin exposure on enzyme activity in the sea cucumber (Holothuria grisea Selenka, 1867). After exposure to 0 (control), 0.04, 0.08, or 0.12 mg L-1tin, we tested the activities of total cholinesterase in longitudinal muscles, acid phosphatase in gonads and the respiratory tree, as well as alkaline phosphatase in the intestines during a 96-h bioassay. Regression analyses showed that all enzyme activities declined with increasing tin concentrations, except for acid phosphatase in the respiratory tree, which were similarly, inhibited at all tin concentrations. These results indicate that H. grisea is a potential bioindicator for seascape habitat monitoring programs, as its biochemical markers show sensitivity to trace elements that can indicate a rise in pollution levels.
authors.affiliation: Laboratório de Biomarcadores de Contaminação Ambiental e Genotoxicidade, Universidade Vila Velha (UVV), Rua Comissário José Dantas Melo 21, Boa Vista, Vila Velha, ES, 29.102-770, Brazil.
authors.forename: Tatiana Miura
authors.initials: TM
authors.lastname: Pereira
authors.affiliation: Laboratório de Biomarcadores de Contaminação Ambiental e Genotoxicidade, Universidade Vila Velha (UVV), Rua Comissário José Dantas Melo 21, Boa Vista, Vila Velha, ES, 29.102-770, Brazil.
authors.forename: Lívia Pôncio
authors.initials: LP
authors.lastname: Mattar
authors.affiliation: Laboratório de Biomarcadores de Contaminação Ambiental e Genotoxicidade, Universidade Vila Velha (UVV), Rua Comissário José Dantas Melo 21, Boa Vista, Vila Velha, ES, 29.102-770, Brazil.
authors.forename: Edgar Rocha
authors.initials: ER
authors.lastname: Pereira
authors.affiliation: Laboratório de Biomarcadores de Contaminação Ambiental e Genotoxicidade, Universidade Vila Velha (UVV), Rua Comissário José Dantas Melo 21, Boa Vista, Vila Velha, ES, 29.102-770, Brazil.
authors.forename: Julia
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Merçon
authors.affiliation: Laboratório de Ecologia Funcional, Universidade Vila Velha (UVV), Rua Comissário José Dantas Melo 21, Boa Vista, Vila Velha, ES, 29.102-770, Brazil.
authors.forename: Ary Gomes
authors.initials: AG
authors.lastname: da Silva
authors.affiliation: Laboratório de Biomarcadores de Contaminação Ambiental e Genotoxicidade, Universidade Vila Velha (UVV), Rua Comissário José Dantas Melo 21, Boa Vista, Vila Velha, ES, 29.102-770, Brazil. zilma@uvv.br.
authors.forename: Zilma Maria Almeida
authors.initials: ZM
authors.lastname: Cruz
mesh_terms: D000135:Acid Phosphatase / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors*; D000469:Alkaline Phosphatase / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors*; D000818:Animals; D002800:Cholinesterase Inhibitors / Q000494:pharmacology*; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D006066:Gonads / Q000201:enzymology; D047332:Holothuria / Q000201:enzymology*; D007422:Intestines / Q000201:enzymology; D009132:Muscles / Q000201:enzymology; D012137:Respiratory System / Q000201:enzymology; D014001:Tin / Q000494:pharmacology*
chemical_list: D002800:Cholinesterase Inhibitors; D014001:Tin; D000469:Alkaline Phosphatase; D000135:Acid Phosphatase
keywords: Bioindicators; Biomarkers; Echinoderm; Enzyme activity; Marine pollution