title: Liquid Chromatography/Mass Spectrometry Reveals the Effect of Lactobacillus Treatment on the Faecal Metabolite Profile of Rats with Chronic Renal Failure.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Chronic kidney disease is accompanied by changes in the gut microbiome and by an increase in the number of gut pathogenic bacteria. The aim of this study was to investigate the difference of the faecal metabolic profiles in rats with uremia, and to determine whether the altered metabolites in the rats with uremia can be restored by Lactobacillus.
  
  
  METHODS
  Thirty rats were randomly divided into 3 groups: sham, uremia and uremia + probiotic (UP) groups. The rats in uremia and UP groups were prepared through surgical renal mass 5/6 ablation. The rats in the UP group received Lactobacillus LB (1 ml, 109 CFU/ml) through gavage every day for 4 weeks. The rats were fed with a standard diet. Faecal samples were analysed through ultra performance liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry. Statistical analyses were performed using MetaboAnalyst and MATLAB.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A total of 99, 324 and 177 significantly different ion peaks were selected between sham and uremia groups; sham and UP groups; and uremia and UP groups, respectively. In the 3 groups, 35 significantly altered metabolites were identified; of the 35 metabolites, 27 initially increased and then decreased; by contrast, 8 metabolites initially decreased and then increased. The 35 metabolites were subjected to pathway analysis in MetaboAnalyst.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Faecal metabolites were significantly altered in rats with uremia; these changes were partially reversed by Lactobacillus.
authors.affiliation: Dialysis Centre of First Affiliated Hospital of Medicine School, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China.
authors.forename: Bin
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Wu
authors.forename: Hongli
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Jiang
authors.forename: Quan
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: He
authors.forename: Meng
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Jinhong
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Xue
authors.forename: Hua
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.forename: Kehui
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Shi
authors.forename: Meng
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Wei
authors.forename: Shanshan
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Liang
authors.forename: Liwen
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Zhang
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002851:Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D005243:Feces / Q000737:chemistry; D000069196:Gastrointestinal Microbiome; D007676:Kidney Failure, Chronic / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000382:microbiology / Q000628:therapy*; D007778:Lactobacillus; D008297:Male; D013058:Mass Spectrometry; D055442:Metabolome; D019936:Probiotics / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D014511:Uremia / Q000378:metabolism / Q000382:microbiology / Q000628:therapy