title: Scapholunate ligament reconstruction using the palmaris longus tendon and suture anchor fixation in chronic scapholunate instability.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Multiple reconstruction techniques have been described in the management of chronic scapholunate (SL) instability, either based on the capsulodesis or tenodesis principle. It is uncertain which surgical method produces the best patient outcomes. We describe results of a technique using palmaris longus (PL) tendon for surgical reconstruction of the SL ligament and provide functional outcomes scores.
  
  
  METHODS
  We surgically reconstructed the SL ligament using a PL tendon graft secured with Mitek®bone anchors. Surgical technique with photographs is provided in the main text. Functional outcomes were measured using the disabilities of the arm, shoulder, and hand and Mayo wrist scores. Patient satisfaction was assessed using a simple measure.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Eleven patients attended mid-term followup (mean 45.8 months post-surgery) and had functional outcomes and satisfaction of this procedure that compared favorably to case series that used tenodesis for chronic SL ligament injuries. Almost all patients (n= 10) were able to return to regular employment. The majority of patients (n= 10) were satisfied with their primary reconstruction procedure.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This technique avoids the use of drill holes to weave tendon through bone, uses an easy to access graft, and exploits the superior pullout strength of anchors while offering satisfactory functional outcomes that are comparable to alternative tenodesis techniques.
authors.affiliation: Department of Postgraduate, Robert Jones and Agnes Hunt Orthopaedic Hospital NHS Trust, Shropshire, SY10 7AG, UK.
authors.forename: Maulik Jagdish
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Gandhi
authors.affiliation: Department of Postgraduate, Robert Jones and Agnes Hunt Orthopaedic Hospital NHS Trust, Shropshire, SY10 7AG, UK.
authors.forename: Timothy Paul
authors.initials: TP
authors.lastname: Knight
authors.affiliation: Department of Trauma and Orthopaedics, Worcester Royal Hospital, Worcester, WR5 1DD, UK.
authors.forename: Peter John
authors.initials: PJ
authors.lastname: Ratcliffe
keywords: Anchor fixation; Wrist joint; carpal bones; chronic scapholunate instability; joint instability; ligaments; lunate bone; palmaris longus; reconstruction; scapholunate