title: Divided attention reduces resistance to distraction at encoding but not retrieval.
abstract: Older adults show implicit memory for previously seen distraction, an effect attributed to poor attentional control. It is unclear whether this effect results from lack of control over encoding during the distraction task, lack of retrieval constraint during the test task, or both. In the present study, we simulated poor distraction control in young adults using divided attention at encoding, at retrieval, at both times, or not at all. The encoding task was a 1-back task on pictures with distracting superimposed letter strings, some of which were words. The retrieval task was a word fragment completion task testing implicit memory for the distracting words. Attention was divided using an auditory odd digit detection task. Dividing attention at encoding, but not at retrieval, resulted in significant priming for distraction, which suggests that control over encoding processes is a primary determinant of distraction transfer in populations with low inhibitory control (e.g. older adults).
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychology, University of Toronto, 100 St. George Street, Toronto, Ontario, M5S 3G3, Canada. jennifer.weeks@utoronto.ca.|Rotman Research Institute, Baycrest, Toronto, Ontario, Canada, M6A 2E1. jennifer.weeks@utoronto.ca.
authors.forename: Jennifer C
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: Weeks
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychology, University of Toronto, 100 St. George Street, Toronto, Ontario, M5S 3G3, Canada. hasher@psych.utoronto.ca.|Rotman Research Institute, Baycrest, Toronto, Ontario, Canada, M6A 2E1. hasher@psych.utoronto.ca.
authors.forename: Lynn
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Hasher
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D001288:Attention / Q000502:physiology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007266:Inhibition, Psychological; D008297:Male; D011939:Mental Recall / Q000502:physiology*; D010364:Pattern Recognition, Visual / Q000502:physiology*; D011597:Psychomotor Performance / Q000502:physiology*; D055815:Young Adult
keywords: Distraction; Divided attention; Inhibition; Priming