title: Critical role of Toll-like receptors in pathophysiology of allergic asthma.
abstract: Allergic asthma is an airway disease, characterized by reversible bronchoconstriction, chronic inflammation of the airway, and thickness of smooth muscle in the respiratory tract. Asthma is orchestrated by an excessive Th2-adaptive immune response, in which innate immunity plays a key role. Recently TLRs have received more and more attention as they are central to orchestrate the innate immune responses. TLRs are localized as integral membrane or intracellular glycoproteins with those on the cell surface sensing microbial antigens and the ones, localized in intracellular vesicles, sensing microbial nucleic acid species. Having recognized microbial antigens, TLRs conduct the immune response towards a pro- or anti-allergy response. As a double-edged sword, they could initiate either harmful or helpful responses by the immune system in case of allergic asthma. In the current review, we will describe the role of TLRs and their signaling pathways in allergic asthma.
authors.affiliation: Research Center for Food Hygiene and Safety, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran; Health policy Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran; Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran.
authors.forename: Seyyed Shamsadin
authors.initials: SS
authors.lastname: Athari
authors.affiliation: Department of Biology, Faculty of Basic Sciences, Maragheh University, Maragheh, Iran.
authors.forename: Seyyede Masoume
authors.initials: SM
authors.lastname: Athari
authors.affiliation: Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran.
authors.forename: Fateme
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Beyzay
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA), Los Angeles, CA, USA.
authors.forename: Masoud
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Movassaghi
authors.affiliation: Clinical Tuberculosis and Epidemiology Research Center, National Research Institute of Tuberculosis and Lung Diseases (NRITLD), Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. Electronic address: e.mortaz@uu.nl.
authors.forename: Esmaeil
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Mortaz
authors.affiliation: Mycology Research Center, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran.
authors.forename: Mehdi
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Taghavi
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001249:Asthma / Q000150:complications* / Q000209:etiology / Q000378:metabolism / Q000503:physiopathology*; D006801:Humans; D006967:Hypersensitivity / Q000150:complications*; D051193:Toll-Like Receptors / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D051193:Toll-Like Receptors
keywords: Asthma; Immune system; TLRs