title: Propulsive limb coordination and body acceleration in sprint breaststroke swimming.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  This work aimed at examining how coordination and kinematic indices interplay with swimming performance measured by average speed in 50 m all-out test.
  
  
  METHODS
  The group of 34 male competitive swimmers (19.1±1.91 years old) participated in the study. The underwater movements of swimmers' bodies were recorded providing side-shots. Accelerations and angular velocity of pitch rotation of swimmer's sacrum were measured with inertial sensor device (three-axial accelerometer and gyroscope).
  
  
  RESULTS
  Indices calculated on the basis of video analysis as well as their relationship with speed (V50surface breast) clearly show, that stroke rate (SR) kinematic and ample arm propulsion (AP) duration impulse are both highly associated with performance. At the same time V50surface breast is highly related to significant shortening inter-cycle gap - Glide or Overlap. The study shows, that sagittal maximal ventral acceleration (Azmax) and sagittal amplitude acceleration (Azamp) significantly interplay with V50surface breast (0.54, P<0.01 and 0.45, P=0.01 respectively), which is connected with dolphin-like body waving.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The most important thing is to recognize possible gains coming from suitably shaped dolphin-like body waving, as well as to enhance this specific action during well-timed upper trunk and head immersion in each sprint breaststroke cycle.
authors.affiliation: Department of Water Sports, University School of Physical Education, Kraków, Poland - marekstrzala@o2.pl.
authors.forename: Marek
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Strzała
authors.affiliation: Department of Sports Training, The Jerzy Kukuczka Academy of Physical Education, Katowice, Poland.
authors.forename: Arkadiusz
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Stanula
authors.affiliation: Department of Water Sports, University School of Physical Education, Kraków, Poland.
authors.forename: Andrzej
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Ostrowski
authors.affiliation: Department of Water Sports, University School of Physical Education, Kraków, Poland.
authors.forename: Marcin
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kaca
authors.affiliation: Department of Physiotherapy, University School of Physical Education, Kraków, Poland.
authors.forename: Piotr
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Krężałek
authors.affiliation: Department of Physiotherapy, University School of Physical Education, Kraków, Poland.
authors.forename: Jacek
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Głodzik
mesh_terms: D000054:Acceleration; D000293:Adolescent; D001132:Arm / Q000502:physiology*; D054874:Athletic Performance / Q000502:physiology*; D001696:Biomechanical Phenomena; D006801:Humans; D007866:Leg / Q000502:physiology*; D008297:Male; D013550:Swimming / Q000502:physiology*; D014741:Video Recording; D055815:Young Adult