title: Local Renin Angiotensin Aldosterone Systems and Cardiovascular Diseases.
abstract: The presence of local renin angiotensin aldosterone systems (RAAS) in the cardiovascular and renal tissues and their influence in cardiovascular and renal diseases are described. The fundamental role of ACE/Ang II/AT1 receptor axis activation as well the counterregulatory role of ACE2/Ang (1-7)/Mas receptor activation on cardiovascular and renal physiology and pathology are emphasized. The presence of a local RAS and its influence on hypertension is discussed, and finally, the hypothesis that epigenetic factors change the RAAS in utero and induce the expression of renin or Ang II inside the cells of the cardiovascular system is presented.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Medical Sciences Campus, UPR, San Juan, PR 00936, USA. Electronic address: walmor.de-mello@upr.edu.
authors.forename: Walmor C
authors.initials: WC
authors.lastname: De Mello
mesh_terms: D000804:Angiotensin II / Q000378:metabolism*; D000085962:Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme 2; D002318:Cardiovascular Diseases / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D002450:Cell Communication; D044127:Epigenesis, Genetic; D006801:Humans; D007668:Kidney / Q000503:physiopathology; D009131:Muscle, Smooth, Vascular / Q000503:physiopathology; D007703:Peptidyl-Dipeptidase A / Q000378:metabolism; D000090063:Proto-Oncogene Mas; D011518:Proto-Oncogene Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D011945:Receptors, Angiotensin / Q000378:metabolism; D043562:Receptors, G-Protein-Coupled / Q000378:metabolism; D012083:Renin / Q000378:metabolism; D012084:Renin-Angiotensin System
chemical_list: D000090063:Proto-Oncogene Mas; D011518:Proto-Oncogene Proteins; D011945:Receptors, Angiotensin; D043562:Receptors, G-Protein-Coupled; D000804:Angiotensin II; D007703:Peptidyl-Dipeptidase A; C000705307:ACE2 protein, human; D000085962:Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme 2; D012083:Renin
keywords: Cardiovascular diseases; Expression; Internalization; Local renin angiotensin