title: Urgency traits moderate daily relations between affect and drinking to intoxication among young adults.
abstract: Young adults with higher trait urgency (i.e., a tendency to act rashly in response to heightened affect) may be especially vulnerable to heavy drinking. The current study examined 1) the influence of urgency on daily relations between affect and drinking to intoxication, and 2) whether urgency influenced the effectiveness of naltrexone (vs. placebo) for reducing alcohol use.
  
  
  
  This study is a secondary analysis of data from 126 (n=40 female) heavy drinking young adults, ages 18-25, enrolled in a double-blind, 8-week clinical trial comparing brief motivational intervention and either naltrexone or placebo. Multilevel models examined whether trait urgency moderated daily relations between positive and negative affect and drinking to intoxication, measured by an estimated blood-alcohol concentration (eBAC) at or above the legal limit (≥0.08g%). Person-level interactions examined whether naltrexone was more effective than placebo at reducing the odds of eBAC≥0.08g% for individuals with higher vs. lower trait urgency.
  
  
  
  On days of greater within-person positive or negative affect, young adults with higher urgency were more likely to drink to intoxication than those with lower urgency. Naltrexone reduced the odds of drinking to intoxication significantly more than placebo, independent of positive or negative urgency.
  
  
  
  Although naltrexone treatment reduced drinking overall, young adults with higher trait urgency were still at increased risk for hazardous drinking following times of strong positive or negative mood. Targeted interventions are needed to reduce the risk of heavy drinking among young adults with high trait urgency.
authors.affiliation: Yale School of Medicine, Department of Psychiatry, New Haven, CT, United States. Electronic address: krysten.bold@yale.edu.
authors.forename: Krysten W
authors.initials: KW
authors.lastname: Bold
authors.affiliation: Yale School of Medicine, Department of Psychiatry, New Haven, CT, United States; Yale Cancer Center, New Haven, CT, United States; Smilow Cancer Hospital at Yale-New Haven, New Haven, CT, United States.
authors.forename: Lisa M
authors.initials: LM
authors.lastname: Fucito
authors.affiliation: Yale School of Medicine, Department of Psychiatry, New Haven, CT, United States; Smilow Cancer Hospital at Yale-New Haven, New Haven, CT, United States.
authors.forename: Kelly S
authors.initials: KS
authors.lastname: DeMartini
authors.affiliation: Yale School of Medicine, Department of Psychiatry, New Haven, CT, United States; Univeristy of Florida, Department of Health Education and Behavior, Gainesville, FL, United States.
authors.forename: Robert F
authors.initials: RF
authors.lastname: Leeman
authors.affiliation: Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania and Crescenz VAMC, Philadelphia, PA, United States.
authors.forename: Henry R
authors.initials: HR
authors.lastname: Kranzler
authors.affiliation: Arizona State University, Department of Psychology, Tempe, AZ, United States.
authors.forename: William R
authors.initials: WR
authors.lastname: Corbin
authors.affiliation: Yale School of Medicine, Department of Psychiatry, New Haven, CT, United States; Yale Cancer Center, New Haven, CT, United States.
authors.forename: Stephanie S
authors.initials: SS
authors.lastname: O'Malley
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000339:Affect / Q000502:physiology*; D000428:Alcohol Drinking / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000523:psychology; D000435:Alcoholic Intoxication / Q000188:drug therapy*; D004311:Double-Blind Method; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D009042:Motivation / Q000187:drug effects*; D009271:Naltrexone / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D009271:Naltrexone
keywords: Affect; Alcohol; Drinking; Impulsivity; Mood; Urgency