title: Effect of music on level of anxiety in patients undergoing colonoscopy without sedation.
abstract: Listening to music can be a noninvasive method for reducing the anxiety level without any adverse effects. The aim of this study was to explore whether music can reduce anxiety and to compare two different styles of music, informal classical music and light music, to ascertain the more effective style of music in reducing anxiety in patients undergoing colonoscopy without sedation.
  
  
  
  This study enrolled 138 patients who underwent colonoscopy without sedation during a general health examination from February 2009 to January 2015. The patients were randomly assigned to a group that did not listen to music, a group that listened to music by David Tolley, or a group that listened to music by Kevin Kern. The State-Trait Anxiety Inventory was used to evaluate the status of anxiety.
  
  
  
  A trend test for mild anxiety was performed on the patients in the three groups, and a significant trend was noted (p=0.017 for all patients; p=0.014 for analysis by sex). Multivariate analysis for mild anxiety on the patients in each group was also performed in this study, and music by Kevin Kern was found to have the lowest odds ratio (Odds ratio=0.34, p=0.045).
  
  
  
  Listening to music, especially music by Kevin Kern, reduced the level of anxiety in patients undergoing colonoscopy examination without sedation.
authors.affiliation: Department of Music, College of Liberal Arts, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan, ROC.
authors.forename: Chia-Hui
authors.initials: CH
authors.lastname: Ko
authors.affiliation: Health Management Center, Kaohsiung Medical University Chung-Ho Memorial Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan, ROC.
authors.forename: Yi-Yu
authors.initials: YY
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.affiliation: Health Management Center, Kaohsiung Medical University Chung-Ho Memorial Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan, ROC.
authors.forename: Kuan-Ta
authors.initials: KT
authors.lastname: Wu
authors.affiliation: Hepatitis Center and Hepatobiliary Division, Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University Chung-Ho Memorial Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan, ROC.
authors.forename: Shu-Chi
authors.initials: SC
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: Health Management Center, Kaohsiung Medical University Chung-Ho Memorial Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan, ROC.
authors.forename: Jeng-Fu
authors.initials: JF
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.affiliation: Health Management Center, Kaohsiung Medical University Chung-Ho Memorial Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan, ROC; Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University Chung-Ho Memorial Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan, ROC.
authors.forename: Yu-Yin
authors.initials: YY
authors.lastname: Lin
authors.affiliation: Health Management Center, Kaohsiung Medical University Chung-Ho Memorial Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan, ROC; Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University Chung-Ho Memorial Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan, ROC.
authors.forename: Chia-I
authors.initials: CI
authors.lastname: Lin
authors.affiliation: Health Management Center, Kaohsiung Medical University Chung-Ho Memorial Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan, ROC.
authors.forename: Hsiang-Ju
authors.initials: HJ
authors.lastname: Kuo
authors.affiliation: Health Management Center, Kaohsiung Medical University Chung-Ho Memorial Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan, ROC; Hepatitis Center and Hepatobiliary Division, Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University Chung-Ho Memorial Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan, ROC; Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University Chung-Ho Memorial Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan, ROC; Faculty of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan, ROC.
authors.forename: Chia-Yen
authors.initials: CY
authors.lastname: Dai
authors.affiliation: Health Management Center, Kaohsiung Medical University Chung-Ho Memorial Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan, ROC; Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University Chung-Ho Memorial Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan, ROC; Faculty of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan, ROC. Electronic address: hsmonyan@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Meng-Hsuan
authors.initials: MH
authors.lastname: Hsieh
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001007:Anxiety / Q000517:prevention & control*; D003113:Colonoscopy / Q000523:psychology*; D016292:Procedural Sedation; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009146:Music
keywords: Kevin Kern; anxiety; colonoscopy; light music