title: Knockdown of GGCT inhibits cell proliferation and induces late apoptosis in human gastric cancer.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Gamma glutamylcyclotransferase (GGCT) has been proved to be involved in various cancers, but the biological function of GGCT in gastric cancer is still largely unknown.
  
  
  METHODS
  The expression level of GGCT was evaluated by informatics analyses based on the Oncomine database. GGCT gene was then effectively knocked down via lentivirus mediated short hairpin RNA (shRNA) system. Then a series of functional assays, including MTT, colony formation and flow cytometry analysis were conducted on gastric cancer cells following GGCT knockdown.
  
  
  RESULTS
  We found GGCT is commonly up-regulated in gastric cancer tissues. Furthermore, MTT analysis showed that GGCT depletion significantly inhibited cell proliferation in MGC80-3 and AGS cells. Colony formation assay revealed that depletion of GGCT reduced the colony formation ability in gastric cancer cells. What's more, cell cycle analysis showed that depletion of GGCT induced gastric cancer cell cycle arrested G2/M phase. More importantly, cell apoptosis analysis further revealed that GGCT inhibition induced early and late cell apoptosis in gastric cancer.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This study suggests GGCT is essential for gastric cancer proliferation and its downregulation may provide a potential anticancer therapy for gastric cancer.
authors.affiliation: Department of General Surgery, Xinhua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China. zhangwenjie3289@163.com.
authors.forename: Wenjie
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: Department of General Surgery, Xinhua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China.
authors.forename: Lei
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.affiliation: Department of General Surgery, Xinhua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China.
authors.forename: Honggang
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Xiang
authors.affiliation: Department of General Surgery, Xinhua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China.
authors.forename: Chunhua
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Hu
authors.affiliation: Department of General Surgery, Xinhua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China.
authors.forename: Weibin
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Shi
authors.affiliation: Department of General Surgery, Xinhua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China.
authors.forename: Ping
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Dong
authors.affiliation: Department of General Surgery, Xinhua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China.
authors.forename: Wenjie
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Lv
mesh_terms: D017209:Apoptosis; D045744:Cell Line, Tumor; D049109:Cell Proliferation; D059565:G2 Phase Cell Cycle Checkpoints; D006801:Humans; D016086:Lentivirus / Q000235:genetics; D059566:M Phase Cell Cycle Checkpoints; D034622:RNA Interference; D034741:RNA, Small Interfering / Q000378:metabolism; D013274:Stomach Neoplasms / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D005722:gamma-Glutamylcyclotransferase / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D034741:RNA, Small Interfering; D005722:gamma-Glutamylcyclotransferase
keywords: Apoptosis; GGCT; Gastric cancer; Proliferation; shRNA