title: The Renin Angiotensin Aldosterone System in Obesity and Hypertension: Roles in the Cardiorenal Metabolic Syndrome.
abstract: In the United States, more than 50 million people have blood pressure at or above 120/80 mm Hg. All components of cardiorenal metabolic syndrome (CRS) are linked to metabolic abnormalities and obesity. A major driver for CRS is obesity. Current estimates show that many of those with hypertension and CRS show some degree of systemic and cardiovascular insulin resistance. Several pathophysiologic factors participate in the link between hypertension and CRS. This article updates recent literature with a focus on the function of insulin resistance, obesity, and renin angiotensin aldosterone system-mediated oxidative stress on endothelial dysfunction and the pathogenesis of hypertension.
authors.affiliation: Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, Diabetes and Cardiovascular Center, University of Missouri, D109 Diabetes Center UHC, One Hospital Drive, Columbia, MO 65212, USA.
authors.forename: Peminda K
authors.initials: PK
authors.lastname: Cabandugama
authors.affiliation: Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, Diabetes and Cardiovascular Center, University of Missouri, D109 Diabetes Center UHC, One Hospital Drive, Columbia, MO 65212, USA.
authors.forename: Michael J
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Gardner
authors.affiliation: Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, Diabetes and Cardiovascular Center, University of Missouri, D109 Diabetes Center UHC, One Hospital Drive, Columbia, MO 65212, USA; Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Missouri, One Hospital Drive, Columbia, MO 65212, USA; Harry S. Truman VA Hospital, 800 Hospital Drive, Columbia, MO 65201, USA. Electronic address: sowersj@health.missouri.edu.
authors.forename: James R
authors.initials: JR
authors.lastname: Sowers
mesh_terms: D059347:Cardio-Renal Syndrome / Q000150:complications / Q000378:metabolism*; D006801:Humans; D006973:Hypertension / Q000150:complications / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000503:physiopathology*; D000451:Mineralocorticoid Receptor Antagonists / Q000627:therapeutic use; D009765:Obesity / Q000150:complications / Q000378:metabolism*; D012084:Renin-Angiotensin System; D013564:Sympathetic Nervous System / Q000503:physiopathology; D000092502:Renin Inhibitors
chemical_list: D000451:Mineralocorticoid Receptor Antagonists; D000092502:Renin Inhibitors
keywords: Adipocyte; Angiotensin II; Hypertension; Insulin resistance; Obesity