title: Predictive validity of the Braden Scale, Norton Scale, and Waterlow Scale in the Czech Republic.
abstract: The aim of this study was to determine the predictive validity of the Braden, Norton, and Waterlow scales in 2 long-term care departments in the Czech Republic. Assessing the risk for developing pressure ulcers is the first step in their prevention. At present, many scales are used in clinical practice, but most of them have not been properly validated yet (for example, the Modified Norton Scale in the Czech Republic). In the Czech Republic, only the Braden Scale has been validated so far. This is a prospective comparative instrument testing study. A random sample of 123 patients was recruited. The predictive validity of the pressure ulcer risk assessment scales was evaluated based on sensitivity, specificity, positive and negative predictive values, and the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve. The data were collected from April to August 2014. In the present study, the best predictive validity values were observed for the Norton Scale, followed by the Braden Scale and the Waterlow Scale, in that order. We recommended that the above 3 pressure ulcer risk assessment scales continue to be evaluated in the Czech clinical setting.
authors.affiliation: Department of Nursing and Midwifery, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ostrava, Ostrava, Czech Republic.
authors.forename: Lenka
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Šateková
authors.affiliation: Department of Nursing, Jessenius Faculty of Medicine in Martin, Comenius University in Bratislava, Bratislava, Slovakia.
authors.forename: Katarína
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Žiaková
authors.affiliation: Department of Nursing and Midwifery, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ostrava, Ostrava, Czech Republic.
authors.forename: Renáta
authors.identifier: http://orcid.org/0000-0003-1491-6696
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Zeleníková
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D018153:Czech Republic; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008134:Long-Term Care; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011237:Predictive Value of Tests; D003668:Pressure Ulcer / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000209:etiology* / Q000517:prevention & control; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012372:ROC Curve; D012107:Research Design; D018570:Risk Assessment; D012307:Risk Factors
keywords: Braden Scale; Norton Scale; Waterlow Scale; nursing; predictive validity; pressure ulcers