title: Nutrients, amino acid, fatty acid and non-starch polysaccharide profile and in vitro digestibility of macadamia nut cake in swine.
abstract: The highly variable cost and limited availability of conventional feedstuffs make it imperative to explore alternative feedstuffs to be used in swine. Macadamia nut cake (MNC), a coproduct of the macadamia nut oil industry, has not been well studied. MNC was analyzed for its nutrient profile, gross energy (GE), fibers, amino acids and fatty acids content. Dry matter (DM) and GE digestibility of MNC in swine was determined using an in vitro model. On a DM basis, ash, crude protein, ether extract, NDF, ADF, lignin and GE were found to be 3.7, 25.5, 11.9, 35.8, 28.0, 16.0% and 5581 kcal/kg, respectively. Total and soluble non-starch polysaccharide content were 32.2 and 11.8%, respectively. The concentration of lysine was found to be 0.7%. The DM and GE digestibility were found to be 75.7 and 71.4%, respectively. Gross energy content of MNC is comparable with that of corn and higher than soybean meal, while protein content is twice as high as corn but lower than soybean meal. In conclusion, MNC is not merely a good source of protein and energy but also has fairly high digestibility in swine. Hence, it can be used as a viable alternative source of energy and protein in swine diets.
authors.affiliation: Department of Human Nutrition, Food and Animal Sciences, College of Tropical Agriculture and Human Resources, University of Hawaii at Manoa, Honolulu, Hawaii, USA.
authors.forename: Utsav P
authors.initials: UP
authors.lastname: Tiwari
authors.affiliation: Department of Human Nutrition, Food and Animal Sciences, College of Tropical Agriculture and Human Resources, University of Hawaii at Manoa, Honolulu, Hawaii, USA.
authors.forename: Rajesh
authors.identifier: http://orcid.org/0000-0002-2891-8353
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Jha
mesh_terms: D000596:Amino Acids / Q000032:analysis*; D000821:Animal Feed / Q000032:analysis*; D000818:Animals; D004044:Dietary Proteins / Q000032:analysis; D004063:Digestion / Q000502:physiology*; D005227:Fatty Acids / Q000032:analysis; D005502:Food; D005504:Food Analysis; D066298:In Vitro Techniques; D008239:Lysine / Q000032:analysis; D039106:Macadamia / Q000737:chemistry; D011134:Polysaccharides / Q000032:analysis*; D013552:Swine
chemical_list: D000596:Amino Acids; D004044:Dietary Proteins; D005227:Fatty Acids; D011134:Polysaccharides; D008239:Lysine
keywords: amino acids; digestion & feeding; fatty acids; macadamia nut cake; swine