title: Microarray analysis of the genes associated with osteitis in chronic rhinosinusitis.
abstract: Although numerous studies have examined epithelial remodeling in chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS), bone remodeling (osteitis) has only recently gained attention as a potential significant contributor to the pathophysiology of recalcitrant CRS. The purpose of this study was to compare gene expression profiles between osteitic bone and the adjacent diseased mucosa in patients with CRS to determine which genes affect mucosal and bony remodeling.
  
  
  
  Prospective experimental analysis.
  
  
  
  Samples were obtained from sites of osteitic bone and overlying mucosa in CRS patients demonstrating osteitis on computed tomography and compared to healthy controls. The entire transcripted gene expression profile was determined by microarray following RNA isolation and compared between tissue samples. The expression differences were verified by reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction and immunohistochemical staining.
  
  
  
  Growth differentiation factor 5 and exostosin glycosyltransferase 1 were significantly upregulated and positively correlated with mucosal eosinophilic inflammation in osteitic bone. Fibroblast growth factor was significantly increased in osteitic bone. Additionally, colony stimulating factor was positively correlated with the degree of osteitis.
  
  
  
  These findings will add a new perspective to our current understanding of the recalcitrant CRS.
  
  
  
  NA Laryngoscope, 127:E85-E90, 2017.
authors.affiliation: Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Adnan Menderes University, Aydin, Turkey.
authors.forename: Ceren
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Günel
authors.affiliation: Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Massachusetts Eye and Ear Infirmary, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, U.S.A.
authors.forename: Benjamin S
authors.initials: BS
authors.lastname: Bleier
authors.affiliation: Department of Medical Genetics, Adnan Menderes University, Aydin, Turkey.
authors.forename: Gökay
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Bozkurt
authors.affiliation: Department of Medical Pathology, Adnan Menderes University, Aydin, Turkey.
authors.forename: Nuket
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Eliyatkin
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001707:Biopsy, Needle; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D002908:Chronic Disease; D005786:Gene Expression Regulation; D055428:Growth Differentiation Factor 5 / Q000235:genetics*; D006801:Humans; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D046228:Microarray Analysis / Q000379:methods; D008875:Middle Aged; D017351:N-Acetylglucosaminyltransferases / Q000235:genetics*; D010000:Osteitis / Q000209:etiology / Q000235:genetics* / Q000473:pathology*; D016133:Polymerase Chain Reaction / Q000379:methods; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012220:Rhinitis / Q000150:complications* / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000503:physiopathology; D012852:Sinusitis / Q000150:complications* / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000503:physiopathology; D014057:Tomography, X-Ray Computed / Q000379:methods; D015854:Up-Regulation; D000099058:Exostosin 1
chemical_list: C525893:GDF5 protein, human; D055428:Growth Differentiation Factor 5; D017351:N-Acetylglucosaminyltransferases; D000099058:Exostosin 1
keywords: Chronic rhinosinusitis; bone remodeling; growth differentiation factor; mucosal remodeling; osteitis