title: Predicting the intereye asymmetry in functional and structural damage in glaucoma using automated pupillography.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To predict the intereye asymmetry in functional (mean deviation, MD on visual field, VF) and structural (retinal nerve fibre layer, RNFL and ganglion cell complex, GCC thickness on spectral domain optical coherence tomography, SDOCT) measurements in glaucoma using the automated pupillography parameters.
  
  
  METHODS
  Fifty-nine subjects with a diagnosis of either glaucoma or glaucoma suspect underwent automated pupillography along with VF and SDOCT examinations. Association between pupillography and the absolute intereye difference in MD, RNFL and GCC measurements was evaluated using regression analysis after accounting for the multicollinearity.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Univariate regression analysis showed statistically significant associations (p < 0.05) between multiple pupillography parameters and the intereye difference in MD, RNFL and GCC thickness measurements. Multivariate regression with less strongly correlated parameters identified intereye difference in amplitude change (Ac) per cent to be the parameter that best predicted the intereye asymmetry in MD (Intereye asymmetry in MD = 2.20 + 1.33*intereye difference in Ac per cent, R2= 0.36), RNFL thickness (3.38 + 3.55*intereye difference in Ac per cent, R2= 0.49) and GCC thickness (4.49 + 2.06* intereye difference in Ac per cent, R2= 0.41). Ability of intereye Ac per cent difference to predict intereye asymmetry in MD, RNFL and GCC thickness was better in patients with angle closure disease (R2= 0.38, 0.79, 0.66, respectively) compared to those with open angles (R2= 0.25, 0.15, 0.16, respectively).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Intereye asymmetry in MD, RNFL and GCC thickness measurements was best predicted by the intereye difference in Ac per cent on automated pupillography. The predicting ability was better in patients with angle closure compared to those with open angles.
authors.affiliation: Narayana Nethralaya, Rajajinagar, Bangalore, India.
authors.forename: Harsha L
authors.identifier: http://orcid.org/0000-0001-5866-9856
authors.initials: HL
authors.lastname: Rao
authors.affiliation: Narayana Nethralaya, Rajajinagar, Bangalore, India.
authors.forename: Sujatha V
authors.initials: SV
authors.lastname: Kadambi
authors.affiliation: Narayana Nethralaya, Rajajinagar, Bangalore, India.
authors.forename: Srilakshmi
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Dasari
authors.affiliation: Narayana Nethralaya, Rajajinagar, Bangalore, India.
authors.forename: Hemanth B
authors.initials: HB
authors.lastname: Reddy
authors.affiliation: Narayana Nethralaya, Rajajinagar, Bangalore, India.
authors.forename: Meena
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Palakurthy
authors.affiliation: Narayana Nethralaya, Rajajinagar, Bangalore, India.
authors.forename: Mohammed
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Riyazuddin
authors.affiliation: Narayana Nethralaya, Rajajinagar, Bangalore, India.
authors.forename: Narendra K
authors.initials: NK
authors.lastname: Puttaiah
authors.affiliation: Narayana Nethralaya, Rajajinagar, Bangalore, India.
authors.forename: Zia S
authors.initials: ZS
authors.lastname: Pradhan
authors.affiliation: Narayana Nethralaya, Rajajinagar, Bangalore, India.
authors.forename: Dhanaraj A S
authors.initials: DAS
authors.lastname: Rao
authors.affiliation: Narayana Nethralaya, Rajajinagar, Bangalore, India.
authors.forename: Rohit
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Shetty
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D003941:Diagnostic Techniques, Ophthalmological; D005260:Female; D005901:Glaucoma / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000503:physiopathology; D006801:Humans; D007429:Intraocular Pressure; D008266:Macula Lutea / Q000473:pathology*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009412:Nerve Fibers / Q000473:pathology*; D011680:Pupil; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D014794:Visual Fields
keywords: automated pupillography; glaucoma; intereye asymmetry in glaucoma; prediction ability