title: Mutations in Acetylcholinesterase2 (ace2) increase the insensitivity of acetylcholinesterase to fosthiazate in the root-knot nematode Meloidogyne incognita.
abstract: The root-knot nematode Meloidogyne incognita causes severe damage to continuously cropping vegetables. The control of this nematode relies heavily on organophosphate nematicides in China. Here, we described resistance to the organophosphate nematicide fosthiazate in a greenhouse-collected resistant population (RP) and a laboratory susceptible population (SP) of M. incognita. Fosthiazate was 2.74-fold less toxic to nematodes from RP than that from SP. Quantitative real-time PCR revealed that the acetylcholinesterase2 (ace2) transcription level in the RP was significantly higher than that in the SP. Eighteen nonsynonymous amino acid differences in ace2 were observed between the cDNA fragments of the RP and SP. The acetylcholinesterase (AChE) protein activity in the RP was significantly reduced compared with that in the SP. After knocking down the ace2 gene, the ace2 transcription level was significantly decreased, but no negative impact on the infection of juveniles was observed. The 50% lethal concentration of the RNAi RP population decreased 40%, but the inhibition rate of fosthiazate against AChE activity was significantly increased in RP population. Thus, the increased fosthiazate insensitivity in the M. incognita resistant population was strongly associated with mutations in ace2. These results provide valuable insights into the resistance mechanism of root-knot nematode to organophosphate nematicides.
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100193, China.
authors.forename: Wen-Kun
authors.initials: WK
authors.lastname: Huang
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100193, China.
authors.forename: Qin-Song
authors.initials: QS
authors.lastname: Wu
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100193, China.
authors.forename: Huan
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Peng
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100193, China.
authors.forename: Ling-An
authors.initials: LA
authors.lastname: Kong
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100193, China.
authors.forename: Shi-Ming
authors.initials: SM
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.affiliation: School of Minerals Processing and Bioengineering, Central South University, Changsha, 410083, China.|Key Laboratory of Biometallurgy of Ministry of Education, Central South University, Changsha, 410083, China.
authors.forename: Hua-Qun
authors.initials: HQ
authors.lastname: Yin
authors.affiliation: School of Agricultural Sciences, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, 330045, China.
authors.forename: Ru-Qiang
authors.initials: RQ
authors.lastname: Cui
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100193, China.
authors.forename: Li-Ping
authors.initials: LP
authors.lastname: Zhan
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100193, China.
authors.forename: Jiang-Kuan
authors.initials: JK
authors.lastname: Cui
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100193, China.
authors.forename: De-Liang
authors.initials: DL
authors.lastname: Peng
mesh_terms: D000110:Acetylcholinesterase / Q000235:genetics*; D000818:Animals; D000969:Antinematodal Agents / Q000494:pharmacology*; D002681:China; D009154:Mutation / Q000235:genetics*; D009943:Organophosphorus Compounds / Q000494:pharmacology*; D018517:Plant Roots / Q000469:parasitology*; D053778:Thiazolidines / Q000494:pharmacology*; D014158:Transcription, Genetic / Q000235:genetics; D014431:Tylenchoidea / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000235:genetics
chemical_list: D000969:Antinematodal Agents; D009943:Organophosphorus Compounds; D053778:Thiazolidines; C493102:fosthiazate; D000110:Acetylcholinesterase