title: Dietary patterns of early childhood and maternal socioeconomic status in a unique prospective sample from a randomized controlled trial of Prenatal DHA Supplementation.
abstract: Dietary habits established in early childhood and maternal socioeconomic status (SES) are important, complex, interrelated factors that influence a child's growth and development. The aim of this study was to define the major dietary patterns in a cohort of young US children, construct a maternal SES index, and evaluate their associations.
  
  
  
  The diets of 190 children from a randomized, controlled trial of prenatal supplementation of docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) were recorded at 6-mo intervals from 2-4.5 years by 24-h dietary recall. Hierarchical cluster analysis of age-adjusted, average daily intake of 24 food and beverage groups was used to categorize diet. Unrotated factor analysis generated an SES score from maternal race, ethnicity, age, education, and neighborhood income.
  
  
  
  We identified two major dietary patterns: "Prudent" and "Western." The 85 (45%) children with a Prudent diet consumed more whole grains, fruit, yogurt and low-fat milk, green and non-starchy vegetables, and nuts and seeds. Conversely, those with a Western diet had greater intake of red meat, discretionary fat and condiments, sweet beverages, refined grains, French fries and potato chips, eggs, starchy vegetables, processed meats, chicken and seafood, and whole-fat milk. Compared to a Western diet, a Prudent diet was associated with one standard deviation higher maternal SES (95% CI: 0.80 to 1.30).
  
  
  
  We found two major dietary patterns of young US children and defined a single, continuous axis of maternal SES that differed strongly between groups. This is an important first step to investigate how child diet, SES, and prenatal DHA supplementation interact to influence health outcomes.
  
  
  
  NCT00266825 . Prospectively registered on December 15, 2005.
authors.affiliation: Department of Dietetics and Nutrition, University of Kansas Medical Center, MS 4013, 3901 Rainbow Blvd., Kansas City, KS, 66160, USA.
authors.forename: Brandon H
authors.initials: BH
authors.lastname: Hidaka
authors.affiliation: Department of Dietetics and Nutrition, University of Kansas Medical Center, MS 4013, 3901 Rainbow Blvd., Kansas City, KS, 66160, USA.
authors.forename: Elizabeth H
authors.initials: EH
authors.lastname: Kerling
authors.affiliation: Department of Dietetics and Nutrition, University of Kansas Medical Center, MS 4013, 3901 Rainbow Blvd., Kansas City, KS, 66160, USA.
authors.forename: Jocelynn M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Thodosoff
authors.affiliation: Department of Dietetics and Nutrition, University of Kansas Medical Center, MS 4013, 3901 Rainbow Blvd., Kansas City, KS, 66160, USA.
authors.forename: Debra K
authors.initials: DK
authors.lastname: Sullivan
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychology, University of Kansas, 1415 Jayhawk Blvd., Lawrence, KS, 66045, USA.
authors.forename: John
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Colombo
authors.affiliation: Department of Dietetics and Nutrition, University of Kansas Medical Center, MS 4013, 3901 Rainbow Blvd., Kansas City, KS, 66160, USA. scarlson@kumc.edu.
authors.forename: Susan E
authors.initials: SE
authors.lastname: Carlson
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D002675:Child, Preschool; D016000:Cluster Analysis; D004032:Diet; D004034:Diet Surveys; D019587:Dietary Supplements; D004281:Docosahexaenoic Acids; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D009035:Mothers; D011247:Pregnancy; D011295:Prenatal Care / Q000379:methods*; D039401:Prenatal Nutritional Physiological Phenomena; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012923:Social Class; D014481:United States
chemical_list: D004281:Docosahexaenoic Acids
keywords: Children; Dietary pattern; Early childhood; Empirically derived; Multivariate; Socioeconomic status