title: Chlorella vulgaris cultivation in sludge extracts from 2,4,6-TCP wastewater treatment for toxicity removal and utilization.
abstract: Chlorella vulgaris was cultivated in different proportions of activated sludge extracts, which was from the treatment of the synthetic wastewater containing 2,4,6-trichlorophenol (2,4,6-TCP). The nutrients, total nitrogen (TN) and total phosphorus (TP), were removed over 45% and 90%, respectively. The maximum reduction amount of ecotoxicity and total organic carbon (TOC) occurred in the 100% sludge group on the 8th day (68%; 86.2 mg L-1). The variations of Excitation-emission matrix spectra (EEMs) and TOC indicated that extracellular organic matters (EOM) produced by algae led to TOC increase in the medium. The cell density was close to each other for groups with sludge extract proportion below 50%; sludge extracts (below 75% addition) had a stimulating effect on the accumulation of chlorophyll-a in per unit algal cell. Superoxide dismutase (SOD) variation demonstrated that C. vulgaris response positively to sludge extracts addition. Lipid content in C. vulgaris was up to its maximum value on the 8th day. Considering the performance on nutrients removal, toxicity reduction and algal growth, the optimal cultivation period for C. vulgaris before harvesting was around 8 days with sludge extracts proportion below 50%.
authors.affiliation: State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Environmental Risk Assessment and Control on Chemical Process, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, PR China.
authors.forename: Lu
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Environmental Risk Assessment and Control on Chemical Process, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, PR China. Electronic address: xrchen@ecust.edu.cn.
authors.forename: Xiurong
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.affiliation: State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Environmental Risk Assessment and Control on Chemical Process, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, PR China.
authors.forename: Hualin
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Environmental Risk Assessment and Control on Chemical Process, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, PR China.
authors.forename: Yuying
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Environmental Risk Assessment and Control on Chemical Process, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, PR China.
authors.forename: Qingjie
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Tang
authors.affiliation: State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Environmental Risk Assessment and Control on Chemical Process, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, PR China.
authors.forename: Jiahui
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Li
mesh_terms: D018533:Biomass; D001709:Biotechnology / Q000379:methods*; D002244:Carbon / Q000378:metabolism; D048408:Chlorella vulgaris / Q000254:growth & development* / Q000378:metabolism; D002733:Chlorophenols / Q000737:chemistry; D002734:Chlorophyll / Q000378:metabolism; D000077194:Chlorophyll A; D008055:Lipids / Q000096:biosynthesis; D009584:Nitrogen / Q000302:isolation & purification; D010758:Phosphorus / Q000302:isolation & purification; D012722:Sewage / Q000737:chemistry; D013482:Superoxide Dismutase / Q000378:metabolism; D014865:Waste Disposal, Fluid / Q000379:methods*; D062065:Wastewater / Q000737:chemistry*
chemical_list: D002244:Carbon; D002733:Chlorophenols; D002734:Chlorophyll; D000077194:Chlorophyll A; D008055:Lipids; D009584:Nitrogen; D010758:Phosphorus; D012722:Sewage; D013482:Superoxide Dismutase; D062065:Wastewater; C024564:2,4,6-trichlorophenol
keywords: Chlorella vulgaris; Ecotoxicity; Excess sludge; Resource utilization; Sludge extracts