title: Virtual collaboration, satisfaction, and trust between nurses in the tele-ICU and ICUs: Results of a multilevel analysis.
abstract: The purpose of the study was to examine how tele-intensive care unit (tele-ICU) nurse characteristics and organizational characteristics influence tele-ICU nurses' trust and satisfaction of monitored bedside ICU nurses, and whether these influences are mediated by communication.
  
  
  
  Data of tele-ICU characteristics and characteristics of the ICUs they monitored were collected at 5 tele-ICUs located throughout the country. One hundred ten tele-ICU nurses at those tele-ICUs completed a questionnaire containing items related to their characteristics and their trust, satisfaction, and perceived communication with monitored bedside nurses. We analyzed the data using a hierarchical path model, with communication variables entered as mediators.
  
  
  
  Many of the tele-ICU nurse characteristics (age, currently or previously worked at the monitored ICU, hours worked per week, and years as a ICU nurse) had statistically significant direct effects on perception of communication timeliness, accuracy, and openness, as well as trust and satisfaction with monitored bedside ICU nurses. Communication openness mediated the relationships of both working at a monitored ICU and being older (≥55) on satisfaction. Communication accuracy mediated the relationships of both a specialized monitored ICU and working at a monitored ICU on trust.
  
  
  
  Tele-ICUs and monitored ICUs should work to optimize communication so that trust can be established among the nurses.
authors.affiliation: Center for Quality and Productivity Improvement, University of Wisconsin-Madison. Electronic address: peter.hoonakker@wisc.edu.
authors.forename: Peter L T
authors.initials: PLT
authors.lastname: Hoonakker
authors.affiliation: School of Nursing, University of Wisconsin-Madison.
authors.forename: Kristen E
authors.initials: KE
authors.lastname: Pecanac
authors.affiliation: Center for Quality and Productivity Improvement, University of Wisconsin-Madison; School of Nursing, University of Wisconsin-Madison.
authors.forename: Roger L
authors.initials: RL
authors.lastname: Brown
authors.affiliation: Center for Quality and Productivity Improvement, University of Wisconsin-Madison; Department of Industrial and Systems Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Madison.
authors.forename: Pascale
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Carayon
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001291:Attitude of Health Personnel; D003142:Communication; D003299:Cooperative Behavior; D064648:Critical Care Nursing; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007362:Intensive Care Units; D007588:Job Satisfaction; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D008991:Monitoring, Physiologic; D055361:Multilevel Analysis; D009726:Nurses; D010549:Personal Satisfaction; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D017216:Telemedicine; D055817:Telenursing; D035502:Trust
keywords: Communication; Intensive care units; Satisfaction and trust; Tele-ICU; Telemedicine