title: Vesivirus 2117 capsids more closely resemble sapovirus and lagovirus particles than other known vesivirus structures.
abstract: Vesivirus 2117 is an adventitious agent that, in 2009, was identified as a contaminant of Chinese hamster ovary cells propagated in bioreactors at a pharmaceutical manufacturing plant belonging to Genzyme. The consequent interruption in supply of Fabrazyme and Cerezyme (drugs used to treat Fabry and Gaucher diseases, respectively) caused significant economic losses. Vesivirus 2117 is a member of the Caliciviridae, a family of small icosahedral viruses encoding a positive-sense RNA genome. We have used cryo-electron microscopy and three-dimensional image reconstruction to calculate a structure of vesivirus 2117 virus-like particles as well as feline calicivirus and a chimeric sapovirus. We present a structural comparison of several members of the Caliciviridae, showing that the distal P domain of vesivirus 2117 is morphologically distinct from that seen in other known vesivirus structures. Furthermore, at intermediate resolutions, we found a high level of structural similarity between vesivirus 2117 and Caliciviridae from other genera: sapovirus and rabbit hemorrhagic disease virus. Phylogenetic analysis confirms vesivirus 2117 as a vesivirus closely related to canine vesiviruses. We postulate that morphological differences in virion structure seen between vesivirus clades may reflect differences in receptor usage.
authors.affiliation: Medical Research Council - University of Glasgow Centre for Virus Research, Sir Michael Stoker Building, Garscube Campus, 464 Bearsden Road, Glasgow G61 1QH, UK.
authors.forename: Michaela
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Conley
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathology, Division of Virology, University of Cambridge, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Hills Road, Cambridge CB2 2QQ, UK.
authors.forename: Edward
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Emmott
authors.affiliation: Medical Research Council - University of Glasgow Centre for Virus Research, Sir Michael Stoker Building, Garscube Campus, 464 Bearsden Road, Glasgow G61 1QH, UK.
authors.forename: Richard
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Orton
authors.affiliation: Present address: Howard Hughes Medical Institute, 742 Stanley Hall, MS 3220 University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720-3220, USA.|National Institute for Physiological Sciences (NIPS), 38 Nishigonaka, Myodaiji, Okazaki, Aichi 444-8585, Japan.
authors.forename: David
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Taylor
authors.affiliation: Present address: School of Immunity and Infection, Institute of Biomedical Research, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK.|Medical Research Council - University of Glasgow Centre for Virus Research, Sir Michael Stoker Building, Garscube Campus, 464 Bearsden Road, Glasgow G61 1QH, UK.
authors.forename: Daniel G
authors.initials: DG
authors.lastname: Carneiro
authors.affiliation: National Institute for Physiological Sciences (NIPS), 38 Nishigonaka, Myodaiji, Okazaki, Aichi 444-8585, Japan.
authors.forename: Kazuyoshi
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Murata
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathology, Division of Virology, University of Cambridge, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Hills Road, Cambridge CB2 2QQ, UK.
authors.forename: Ian G
authors.initials: IG
authors.lastname: Goodfellow
authors.affiliation: Present address: Centre for Infectious Diseases, Department of Virology, University Hospital Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 324, Heidelberg 69120, Germany.|National Institute for Physiological Sciences (NIPS), 38 Nishigonaka, Myodaiji, Okazaki, Aichi 444-8585, Japan.
authors.forename: Grant S
authors.initials: GS
authors.lastname: Hansman
authors.affiliation: Medical Research Council - University of Glasgow Centre for Virus Research, Sir Michael Stoker Building, Garscube Campus, 464 Bearsden Road, Glasgow G61 1QH, UK.
authors.forename: David
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Bhella
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002213:Capsid / Q000648:ultrastructure*; D003412:Cricetulus; D020285:Cryoelectron Microscopy; D021621:Imaging, Three-Dimensional; D029321:Lagovirus / Q000648:ultrastructure*; D010802:Phylogeny; D012367:RNA, Viral / Q000235:genetics; D029341:Sapovirus / Q000648:ultrastructure*; D017422:Sequence Analysis, DNA; D029342:Vesivirus / Q000235:genetics / Q000648:ultrastructure*
chemical_list: D012367:RNA, Viral