title: Using MRI to predict future adverse cardiac remodelling in a male mouse model of myocardial infarction.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Mice are frequently used in research to examine outcomes of myocardial infarction (MI) and to investigate therapeutic interventions at an early pre-clinical stage. The MI model is generated by surgically occluding a major coronary artery, but natural variation in murine coronary anatomy can generate variable outcomes that will inevitably affect the accuracy of such investigations. The aim of this study was to use MRI to derive the most sensitive early variable that could be used to predict subsequent adverse cardiac remodelling in a male mouse model of MI.
  
  
  METHODS
  Using a longitudinal study design, heart structure and function were evaluated using cardiac MRI at one week following surgical MI to generate the early measurements and again at four weeks, when the scar had matured. The primary variables measured at week one were left ventricular volumes at end systole (LV-ESV) and at end diastole (LV-EDV), infarct size, LV-cardiac mass, and ejection fraction (EF).
  
  
  RESULTS
  Univariate and multiple regression analyses showed that LV-ESV at one week following MI could be used to accurately predict various parameters of adverse LV remodelling at four weeks post-MI. However, the highest correlation was between LV-ESV at one week following MI and LV-EDV at four weeks (r = 0.99; p < 0.0001), making LV-ESV at one week a valuable predictor variable of future adverse ventricular remodelling after MI.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Using MRI to determine LV-ESV at an early stage following MI enables a more robust analysis of potential therapeutic interventions to ameliorate adverse cardiac remodelling.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Genetic Medicine, Central Parkway, Newcastle University, Newcastle NE1 3BZ, UK.
authors.forename: Rachael E
authors.initials: RE
authors.lastname: Redgrave
authors.affiliation: Institute of Genetic Medicine, Central Parkway, Newcastle University, Newcastle NE1 3BZ, UK.
authors.forename: Simon
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Tual-Chalot
authors.affiliation: Institute of Genetic Medicine, Central Parkway, Newcastle University, Newcastle NE1 3BZ, UK.
authors.forename: Benjamin J
authors.initials: BJ
authors.lastname: Davison
authors.affiliation: Institute of Genetic Medicine, Central Parkway, Newcastle University, Newcastle NE1 3BZ, UK.
authors.forename: Elizabeth
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Greally
authors.affiliation: Institute of Genetic Medicine, Central Parkway, Newcastle University, Newcastle NE1 3BZ, UK.
authors.forename: Mauro
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Santibanez-Koref
authors.affiliation: Radcliffe Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Oxford, BHF Experimental MR Unit, Roosevelt Drive, Oxford OX3 7BN, UK.
authors.forename: Jurgen E
authors.initials: JE
authors.lastname: Schneider
authors.affiliation: Institute of Cellular Medicine, Framlington Place, Newcastle University, Newcastle NE4 5PL, UK.
authors.forename: Andrew M
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Blamire
authors.affiliation: Institute of Genetic Medicine, Central Parkway, Newcastle University, Newcastle NE1 3BZ, UK.
authors.forename: Helen M
authors.initials: HM
authors.lastname: Arthur
keywords: Animal models of human disease; MRI; Myocardial infarction; Remodelling