title: Imaging of Perineural Spread in Head and Neck Cancer.
abstract: Perineural spread (PNS) of tumor is a recognized pattern of metastasis occurring in the head and neck. Imaging plays a critical role in identifying PNS for adequate staging and treatment planning. Understanding the major branches and pathways of cranial nerves V and VII, key anatomic landmarks, interconnections between these nerves, and pearls and pitfalls of PNS imaging can aid in early detection, appropriate therapy, and the best possible chance for cure.
authors.affiliation: Division of Neuroradiology, Johns Hopkins University, School of Medicine, 600 North Wolfe Street Phipps B100, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA.
authors.forename: David
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Badger
authors.affiliation: Division of Neuroradiology, Johns Hopkins University, School of Medicine, 600 North Wolfe Street Phipps B100, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA. Electronic address: naygun1@jhmi.edu.
authors.forename: Nafi
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Aygun
mesh_terms: D003390:Cranial Nerve Neoplasms / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000473:pathology*; D003937:Diagnosis, Differential; D005154:Facial Nerve; D005155:Facial Nerve Diseases / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000473:pathology*; D006258:Head and Neck Neoplasms / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000473:pathology*; D006801:Humans; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging / Q000379:methods*; D009361:Neoplasm Invasiveness / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000473:pathology; D059906:Neuroimaging / Q000379:methods; D019291:Skull Base / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000473:pathology*; D014276:Trigeminal Nerve / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000473:pathology; D020433:Trigeminal Nerve Diseases / Q000473:pathology*
keywords: Head and neck cancer; Perineural invasion; Perineural spread; Skull base imaging