title: Differential Diagnosis of Chronic Urticaria and Angioedema Based on Molecular Biology, Pharmacology, and Proteomics.
abstract: Differential diagnosis of urticaria and angioedema has been based on the phenotype as either acute or chronic depending on the duration of more than 6 to 8 weeks, respectively. Additional subdivisions include poorly defined terms such as idiopathic, spontaneous, or autoimmune. In this article, the author suggests that an increased understanding of the acquired and innate immune system and data from novel proteomic technology have blurred the lines between these categories of diagnosis. Specific molecular pathways and response to specific medications should be incorporated in classification and diagnosis schemes.
authors.affiliation: Yale School of Medicine, Gesher LLC, Allergy, Asthma and Clinical Immunology, 4 Clifton Avenue, Waterbury CT 06710, USA. Electronic address: dhdreyfusmd@gmail.com.
authors.forename: David H
authors.initials: DH
authors.lastname: Dreyfus
mesh_terms: D056704:Adaptive Immunity; D000799:Angioedema / Q000175:diagnosis*; D001323:Autoantibodies / Q000097:blood; D002908:Chronic Disease; D003165:Complement System Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D003937:Diagnosis, Differential; D006801:Humans; D064307:Microbiota; D057089:Pathology, Molecular; D040901:Proteomics; D051192:Receptors, Pattern Recognition / Q000378:metabolism; D014581:Urticaria / Q000175:diagnosis*
chemical_list: D001323:Autoantibodies; D051192:Receptors, Pattern Recognition; D003165:Complement System Proteins
keywords: Autoantigen; Autoimmune; HERV; Herpes; Metagenome; Microbiome omalizumab; Proteomics; Virokine