title: The prevalence of olfactory dysfunction in chronic rhinosinusitis.
abstract: Many studies have reported that olfactory dysfunction frequently occurs in chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) populations; however, the prevalence and degree of olfactory loss has not been systematically studied. The aims of this study were to use combined data to report the prevalence of olfactory dysfunction and to calculate weighted averages of olfactory test scores in CRS patients.
  
  
  
  A search was conducted in PubMed and Scopus, following the methods of Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis guidelines.
  
  
  
  Studies reporting the prevalence of olfactory dysfunction using objective measures or olfactory test scores using validated scales were included.
  
  
  
  A total of 47 articles were included in a systematic review and 35 in the pooled data analysis. The prevalence of olfactory dysfunction in chronic rhinosinusitis was found to be 30.0% using the Brief Smell Identification Test, 67.0% using the 40-item Smell Identification Test, and 78.2% using the total Sniffin' Sticks score. Weighted averages ± standard deviation of olfactory test scores were 25.96 ± 7.11 using the 40-item Smell Identification Test, 8.60 ± 2.81 using the Brief Smell Identification Test, 21.96 ± 8.88 using total Sniffin' Sticks score, 5.65 ± 1.51 using Sniffin' Sticks-Threshold, 9.21 ± 4.63 using Sniffin' Sticks-Discrimination, 9.47 ± 3.92 using Sniffin' Sticks-Identification, and 8.90 ± 5.14 using the Questionnaire for Olfactory Disorders-Negative Statements.
  
  
  
  In CRS populations, a significant percentage of patients experience olfactory dysfunction, and mean olfactory scores are within the dysosmic range. Laryngoscope, 2016 127:309-320, 2017.
authors.affiliation: Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina, U.S.A.
authors.forename: Preeti
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Kohli
authors.affiliation: Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina, U.S.A.
authors.forename: Akash N
authors.initials: AN
authors.lastname: Naik
authors.affiliation: Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina, U.S.A.
authors.forename: E Emily
authors.initials: EE
authors.lastname: Harruff
authors.affiliation: Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina, U.S.A.
authors.forename: Shaun A
authors.initials: SA
authors.lastname: Nguyen
authors.affiliation: Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina, U.S.A.|Department of Surgery, Ralph H. Johnson VA Medical Center, Charleston, South Carolina, U.S.A.
authors.forename: Rodney J
authors.initials: RJ
authors.lastname: Schlosser
authors.affiliation: Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina, U.S.A.
authors.forename: Zachary M
authors.initials: ZM
authors.lastname: Soler
mesh_terms: D002908:Chronic Disease; D015897:Comorbidity; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D006801:Humans; D000857:Olfaction Disorders / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000453:epidemiology*; D012220:Rhinitis / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000453:epidemiology*; D012852:Sinusitis / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000453:epidemiology*
keywords: Olfaction; chronic rhinosinusitis; prevalence; sinusitis; smell