title: Physical-Performance Outcomes and Biomechanical Correlates from the 32-Week Yoga Empowers Seniors Study.
abstract: Background. Yoga Empowers Seniors Study (YESS) quantified physical demands associated with yoga performance using biomechanical methods. This study evaluated the efficacy of the program on physical function outcomes.Methods. Twenty community-dwelling older adults aged 70.7 ± 3.8 years attended biweekly 60-minute Hatha yoga classes for 32 weeks. Four domains of the physical measurements including (1) functional performance, (2) flexibility, (3) muscle strength, and (4) balance were taken at the baseline, 16-week and 32-week time points. Repeated-measures ANOVA omnibus tests and Tukey's post hoc tests were employed to examine the differences in each outcome variable across the 3 time points.Results. Improved timed chair stands (p< 0.01), 8-foot up and go (p< 0.05), 2-min step test (p< 0.05), and vertical reach (p= 0.05) performance were evident. Isometric knee flexor strength (p< 0.05) and repetitions of the heel rise test (p< 0.001) also increased following the 32-week intervention. Both flexibility and balance performance remained unchanged.Conclusions. Significant improvements in physical function and muscle-specific lower-extremity strength occur with the regular practice of a modified Hatha yoga program designed for seniors. These adaptations corresponded with the previously reported biomechanical demands of the poses.
authors.affiliation: Division of Biokinesiology and Physical Therapy, University of Southern California (USC), 1540 E. Alcazar Street, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA.
authors.forename: Man-Ying
authors.initials: MY
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: Division of Geriatrics, Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA), 924 Westwood Boulevard, Suite 200, Los Angeles, CA 90024, USA.
authors.forename: Gail A
authors.identifier: 0000-0003-1054-1081
authors.initials: GA
authors.lastname: Greendale
authors.affiliation: Division of Biokinesiology and Physical Therapy, University of Southern California (USC), 1540 E. Alcazar Street, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA.
authors.forename: Sean S-Y
authors.initials: SS
authors.lastname: Yu
authors.affiliation: Division of Biokinesiology and Physical Therapy, University of Southern California (USC), 1540 E. Alcazar Street, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA.
authors.forename: George J
authors.identifier: 0000-0002-9866-4838
authors.initials: GJ
authors.lastname: Salem