title: Discovery of genes from feces correlated with colorectal cancer progression.
abstract: Colorectal cancer (CRC) is considered to develop slowly via a progressive accumulation of genetic mutations. Markers of CRC may serve to provide the basis for decision-making, and may assist in cancer prevention, detection and prognostic prediction. DNA and messenger (m)RNA molecules that are present in human feces faithfully represent CRC manifestations. In the present study, exogenous mouse cells verified the feasibility of total fecal RNA as a marker of CRC. Furthermore, five significant genes encoding solute carrier family 15, member 4 (SLC15A4), cluster of differentiation (CD)44, 3-oxoacid CoA-transferase 1 (OXCT1), placenta-specific 8 (PLAC8) and growth arrest-specific 2 (GAS2), which are differentially expressed in the feces of CRC patients, were verified in different CRC cell lines using quantitative polymerase chain reaction. The present study demonstrated that the mRNA level of SLC15A4 was increased in the majority of CRC cell lines evaluated (SW1116, LS123, Caco-2 and T84). An increased level of CD44 mRNA was only detected in an early-stage CRC cell line, SW1116, whereas OXCT1 was expressed at higher levels in the metastatic CRC cell line CC-M3. In addition, two genes,PLAC8andGAS2, were highly expressed in the recurrent CRC cell line SW620. Genes identified in the feces of CRC patients differed according to their clinical characteristics, and this differential expression was also detected in the corresponding CRC cell lines. In conclusion, feces represent a good marker of CRC and can be interpreted through the appropriate CRC cell lines.
authors.affiliation: School of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan, R.O.C.; Department of Internal Medicine, Cathay General Hospital, Taipei 10630, Taiwan, R.O.C.; School of Medicine, Fu Jen Catholic University, New Taipei 24205, Taiwan, R.O.C.
authors.forename: Chia-Long
authors.initials: CL
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.affiliation: Department of Medical Research, Cathay General Hospital, Taipei 10630, Taiwan, R.O.C.; Department of Biochemistry, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei 11490, Taiwan, R.O.C.; School of Medicine, Fu Jen Catholic University, New Taipei 24205, Taiwan, R.O.C.
authors.forename: Chi-Jung
authors.initials: CJ
authors.lastname: Huang
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei 11217, Taiwan, R.O.C.; School of Medicine, National Yang Ming University, Taipei 11221, Taiwan, R.O.C.
authors.forename: Shung-Haur
authors.initials: SH
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.affiliation: School of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan, R.O.C.; Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Taipei Medical University Hospital, Taipei 11031, Taiwan, R.O.C.
authors.forename: Chun-Chao
authors.initials: CC
authors.lastname: Chang
authors.affiliation: School of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan, R.O.C.; School of Medicine, Fu Jen Catholic University, New Taipei 24205, Taiwan, R.O.C.; Graduate Institute of Biomedical Electronics and Bioinformatics, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan, R.O.C.; Department of General Surgery, Sijhih Cathay General Hospital, New Taipei 22174, Taiwan, R.O.C.
authors.forename: Chi-Cheng
authors.initials: CC
authors.lastname: Huang
authors.affiliation: Department of Medical Research, Cathay General Hospital, Taipei 10630, Taiwan, R.O.C.; School of Medicine, Fu Jen Catholic University, New Taipei 24205, Taiwan, R.O.C.; Department of Anesthesiology, Sijhih Cathay General Hospital, New Taipei 22174, Taiwan, R.O.C.
authors.forename: Chih-Cheng
authors.initials: CC
authors.lastname: Chien
authors.affiliation: Department of Nursing, Ching Kuo Institute of Management and Health, Keelung 20301, Taiwan, R.O.C.; Department of Internal Medicine, Sijhih Cathay General Hospital, New Taipei 22174, Taiwan, R.O.C.
authors.forename: Ruey-Neng
authors.initials: RN
authors.lastname: Yang
keywords: 3-oxoacid CoA-transferase 1; cluster of differentiation 44; colorectal cancer; fecal RNA; growth arrest-specific 2; member 4; placenta-specific 8; serine/threonine kinase 17b; solute carrier family 15