title: Aqueous immune mediators in malignant uveal melanomas in comparison to benign pigmented intraocular tumors.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  To examine the usefulness of measuring immune mediators in aqueous humor samples for differentiating malignant uveal melanoma from benign pigmented intraocular tumors.
  
  
  METHODS
  Thirteen eyes of 13 patients with uveal melanoma were studied, and 13 eyes of 13 patients with benign pigmented intraocular tumors served as controls. Undiluted samples of aqueous humor were collected, and a cytometric bead array was used to determine the aqueous humor concentrations of 35 immune mediators comprising 14 interleukins (IL), interferon-γ, interferon-γ-inducible protein-10, monocyte chemoattractant protein (MCP)-1, macrophage inflammatory protein (MIP)-1α, MIP-1β, regulated on activation normal T cell expressed and secreted, monokine induced by interferon-γ, basic fibroblast growth factor, Fas ligand, granzyme A, granzyme B, eotaxin, interferon-inducible T-cell alpha chemoattractant, fractalkine, granulocyte macrophage colony-stimulating factor, granulocyte colony-stimulating factor, vascular endothelial growth factor, angiogenin, tumor necrosis factor-α, lymphotoxin-α, and CD40L.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Aqueous humor levels of angiogenin, IL-8, and MCP-1 were significantly higher in eyes with malignant melanoma than in those with benign tumors (p < 0.05).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Angiogenin, IL-8, and MCP-1 levels in aqueous humor may be potential markers for distinguishing malignant uveal melanoma from benign pigmented intraocular tumors, and may be a useful adjunct to histomorphology, diagnostic imaging, and other biomarkers for the diagnosis and appropriate clinical management of malignant uveal melanoma.
authors.affiliation: Department of Ophthalmology, Tokyo Medical University Hospital, 6-7-1 Nishi-shinjuku, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, 160-0023, Japan. usuyoshi@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Yoshihiko
authors.identifier: http://orcid.org/0000-0002-1258-3587
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Usui
authors.affiliation: Department of Ophthalmology, Tokyo Medical University Hospital, 6-7-1 Nishi-shinjuku, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, 160-0023, Japan.
authors.forename: Kinya
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Tsubota
authors.affiliation: Department of Ophthalmology, Tokyo Medical University Hospital, 6-7-1 Nishi-shinjuku, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, 160-0023, Japan.
authors.forename: Tsuyoshi
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Agawa
authors.affiliation: Department of Ophthalmology, Tokyo Medical University Hospital, 6-7-1 Nishi-shinjuku, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, 160-0023, Japan.
authors.forename: Shunichiro
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Ueda
authors.affiliation: Department of Ophthalmology, Tokyo Medical University Hospital, 6-7-1 Nishi-shinjuku, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, 160-0023, Japan.
authors.forename: Kazuhiko
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Umazume
authors.affiliation: Department of Ophthalmology, Tokyo Medical University Hospital, 6-7-1 Nishi-shinjuku, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, 160-0023, Japan.
authors.forename: Yoko
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Okunuki
authors.affiliation: Department of Ophthalmology, Tokyo Medical University Hospital, 6-7-1 Nishi-shinjuku, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, 160-0023, Japan.
authors.forename: Takeshi
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Kezuka
authors.affiliation: Department of Ophthalmology, Tokyo Medical University Hospital, 6-7-1 Nishi-shinjuku, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, 160-0023, Japan.
authors.forename: Naoyuki
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Yamakawa
authors.affiliation: Department of Ophthalmology, Tokyo Medical University Hospital, 6-7-1 Nishi-shinjuku, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, 160-0023, Japan.
authors.forename: Hiroshi
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Goto
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D001082:Aqueous Humor / Q000378:metabolism*; D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor / Q000378:metabolism; D018925:Chemokines / Q000378:metabolism*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007111:Immunity, Cellular; D016867:Immunocompromised Host; D008297:Male; D008545:Melanoma / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism*; D008875:Middle Aged; D014604:Uveal Neoplasms / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism*; D055815:Young Adult; D000098943:Uveal Melanoma
chemical_list: D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor; D018925:Chemokines
keywords: Benign pigmented intraocular tumor; Immune mediator; Uveal melanoma