title: Extracardiac Signs of Fluid Overload in the Critically Ill Cardiac Patient: A Focused Evaluation Using Bedside Ultrasound.
abstract: Fluid balance management is of great importance in the critically ill cardiac patient. Although intravenous fluids are a cornerstone therapy in the management of unstable patients, excessive administration coupled with cardiac dysfunction leads to elevation in central venous pressure and end-organ venous congestion. Fluid overload is known to have a detrimental effect on organ function and is responsible for significant morbidity in critically ill patients. Multisystem bedside point of care ultrasound imaging can be used to assess signs of fluid overload and venous congestion in critically ill patients. In this review we describe the ultrasonographic extracardiac signs of fluid overload and how they can be used to complement clinical evaluation to individualize patient management.
authors.affiliation: Nephrology Department, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Québec, Canada.
authors.forename: William
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Beaubien-Souligny
authors.affiliation: Nephrology Department, Hôpital Sacré-Coeur de Montréal, Montreal, Québec, Canada.
authors.forename: Josée
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Bouchard
authors.affiliation: Department of Anesthesiology, Montreal Heart Institute, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Québec, Canada.
authors.forename: Georges
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Desjardins
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardiac Surgery, Montreal Heart Institute, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Québec, Canada.
authors.forename: Yoan
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Lamarche
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardiology, Montreal Heart Institute, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Québec, Canada.
authors.forename: Mark
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Liszkowski
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, Montreal Heart Institute, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Québec, Canada.
authors.forename: Pierre
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Robillard
authors.affiliation: Department of Anesthesiology, Montreal Heart Institute, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Québec, Canada. Electronic address: andre.denault@gmail.com.
authors.forename: André
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Denault
mesh_terms: D016638:Critical Illness; D005440:Fluid Therapy / Q000009:adverse effects*; D006331:Heart Diseases / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000628:therapy*; D006801:Humans; D019095:Point-of-Care Systems; D014463:Ultrasonography / Q000379:methods*; D014883:Water-Electrolyte Imbalance / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000209:etiology