title: Contrast enhanced ultrasound features of hepatic cystadenoma and hepatic cystadenocarcinoma.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Hepatic (biliary) cystic tumor (HBCT) is a rare focal cystic liver lesion, which has been rarely described in the literature. In our current multicenter, retrospective study, we aimed to analyze contrast enhanced ultrasound (CEUS) features and its diagnostic performance in histologically proved HBCT.
  
  
  METHODS
  Twenty-three patients with single HBCT were retrospectively analyzed. Histologically, 17 (73.9%) were benign hepatic (biliary) cystadenoma (HBCA), 6 (26.1%) were hepatic (biliary) cystadenocarcinoma (HBCAC). All CEUS examinations were assessed by two independent radiologists in consensus. Criteria of CEUS imaging evaluation included the contrast enhancement pattern of lesion (hypoenhancing, hyperenhancing, isoenhancing in comparison to the surrounding liver parenchyma) during the arterial, portal venous and late phases.
  
  
  RESULTS
  After injection of ultrasound contrast agents, most of the HBCTs (78.3%, 18/23) had typical honeycomb enhancement pattern of the cystic wall, septa or mural nodules. Comparing between HBCA and HBCAC, hyperenhancement of the honeycomb septa during the arterial phase was more common in HBCA (p = .047). However, hypoenhancement during the portal venous and late phases was the characteristic of HBCAC (p = .041).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The EFSUMB algorithm for CEUS for characterization of solid focal liver lesions is also applicable to HBCT. CEUS evaluation can avoid further diagnostic investigations or invasive biopsy procedure.
authors.affiliation: a Department of Ultrasound , Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University , Shanghai , China.|b Med. Klinik 2, Caritas-Krankenhaus Bad Mergentheim , Bad Mergentheim , Germany.
authors.forename: Yi
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Dong
authors.affiliation: a Department of Ultrasound , Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University , Shanghai , China.
authors.forename: Wen-Ping
authors.initials: WP
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: a Department of Ultrasound , Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University , Shanghai , China.
authors.forename: Feng
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Mao
authors.affiliation: c Sino-German Research Center of Ultrasound in Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University , Zhengzhou, China.
authors.forename: Mei
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Fan
authors.affiliation: b Med. Klinik 2, Caritas-Krankenhaus Bad Mergentheim , Bad Mergentheim , Germany.
authors.forename: Andre
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Ignee
authors.affiliation: d Diagnostic and Interventional Ultrasound Unit, Department of Organ Failure and Transplantation , S. Orsola-Malpighi Hospital , Bologna , Italy.
authors.forename: Carla
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Serra
authors.affiliation: e 3rd Medical Department, Institute for Gastroenterology and Hepatology, "Iuliu Hatieganu" University of Medicine and Pharmacy , Cluj-Napoca, Romania.
authors.forename: Zeno
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Sparchez
authors.affiliation: f Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology , University of Medicine and Pharmacy Victor Babes , Timisoara , Romania.
authors.forename: Ioan
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Sporea
authors.affiliation: g Translational Gastroenterology Unit, Headley Way, Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust , Oxford , UK.
authors.forename: Barbara
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Braden
authors.affiliation: b Med. Klinik 2, Caritas-Krankenhaus Bad Mergentheim , Bad Mergentheim , Germany.|c Sino-German Research Center of Ultrasound in Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University , Zhengzhou, China.
authors.forename: Christoph F
authors.initials: CF
authors.lastname: Dietrich
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D003287:Contrast Media / Q000008:administration & dosage; D003536:Cystadenocarcinoma / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000473:pathology; D003537:Cystadenoma / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000473:pathology; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007089:Image Enhancement / Q000379:methods*; D008099:Liver / Q000473:pathology; D008113:Liver Neoplasms / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000473:pathology; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011169:Portal Vein / Q000473:pathology; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D014463:Ultrasonography; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D003287:Contrast Media
keywords: Hepatic (biliary) cystic tumor; contrast enhanced ultrasound; guideline