title: Relation between Birth Weight and Intraoperative Hemorrhage during Cesarean Section in Pregnancy with Placenta Previa.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Placenta previa, one of the most severe obstetric complications, carries an increased risk of intraoperative massive hemorrhage. Several risk factors for intraoperative hemorrhage have been identified to date. However, the correlation between birth weight and intraoperative hemorrhage has not been investigated. Here we estimate the correlation between birth weight and the occurrence of intraoperative massive hemorrhage in placenta previa.
  
  
  METHODS
  We included all 256 singleton pregnancies delivered via cesarean section at our hospital because of placenta previa between 2003 and 2015. We calculated not only measured birth weights but also standard deviation values according to the Japanese standard growth curve to adjust for differences in gestational age. We assessed the correlation between birth weight and the occurrence of intraoperative massive hemorrhage (>1500 mL blood loss). Receiver operating characteristic curves were constructed to determine the cutoff value of intraoperative massive hemorrhage.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Of 256 pregnant women with placenta previa, 96 (38%) developed intraoperative massive hemorrhage. Receiver-operating characteristic curves revealed that the area under the curve of the combination variables between the standard deviation of birth weight and intraoperative massive hemorrhage was 0.71. The cutoff value with a sensitivity of 81.3% and specificity of 55.6% was -0.33 standard deviation. The multivariate analysis revealed that a standard deviation of >-0.33 (odds ratio, 5.88; 95% confidence interval, 3.04-12.00), need for hemostatic procedures (odds ratio, 3.31; 95% confidence interval, 1.79-6.25), and placental adhesion (odds ratio, 12.68; 95% confidence interval, 2.85-92.13) were independent risk of intraoperative massive hemorrhage.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In patients with placenta previa, a birth weight >-0.33 standard deviation was a significant risk indicator of massive hemorrhage during cesarean section. Based on this result, further studies are required to investigate whether fetal weight estimated by ultrasonography can predict hemorrhage during cesarean section in patients with placental previa.
authors.affiliation: Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, National Defense Medical College, Tokorozawa, Japan.
authors.forename: Hiroaki
authors.identifier: http://orcid.org/0000-0003-0841-7743
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Soyama
authors.affiliation: Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, National Defense Medical College, Tokorozawa, Japan.
authors.forename: Morikazu
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Miyamoto
authors.affiliation: Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, National Defense Medical College, Tokorozawa, Japan.
authors.forename: Hiroki
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Ishibashi
authors.affiliation: Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, National Defense Medical College, Tokorozawa, Japan.
authors.forename: Masashi
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Takano
authors.affiliation: Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, National Defense Medical College, Tokorozawa, Japan.
authors.forename: Hidenori
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Sasa
authors.affiliation: Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, National Defense Medical College, Tokorozawa, Japan.
authors.forename: Kenichi
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Furuya
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001724:Birth Weight; D002585:Cesarean Section / Q000009:adverse effects*; D005260:Female; D006470:Hemorrhage / Q000209:etiology*; D006801:Humans; D007431:Intraoperative Complications / Q000209:etiology*; D010923:Placenta Previa / Q000601:surgery*; D011247:Pregnancy; D012372:ROC Curve