title: Anatomical risk evaluation of iatrogenic injury to the infrapatellar branch of the saphenous nerve during medial meniscus arthroscopic surgery.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To determine the relationship of the medial meniscus with the infrapatellar branches of the saphenous nerve, the primary goal is to define and characterize different risk areas for these nerves during medial meniscus surgery.
  
  
  METHODS
  After dissecting 20 embalmed cadaver knees, we defined 7 readily identifiable anatomical landmarks. For each knee, we recorded 2 morphological criteria and 16 measurements.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The most common anatomical course is a main trunk that is 8 mm anterior to the tuberculum adductorium and 60 mm posterior to the midpoint of the medial patellar margin. It has two main infrapatellar branches. The nerve division is 23 mm above the joint line. The path is oblique with an angle of 55.5°. The anterior meniscal landmark is 24 mm from the upper branch and 42.5 mm from the lower branch. The posterior meniscal landmark is 55 mm from the upper branch and 38 mm from the lower branch.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  We defined a common anatomical course for the saphenous nerve and its infrapatellar branches. Then, three different areas were defined at risk for iatrogenic nerve injuries during medial meniscus.
authors.affiliation: Department of Anatomy, University of Strasbourg, 4 rue kirschleger, 67000, Strasbourg, France. Guillaume.koch@unistra.fr.|Department of Interventional Radiology, Strasbourg University Hospital, 1 place de l'hôpital, 67000, Strasbourg, France. Guillaume.koch@unistra.fr.
authors.forename: Guillaume
authors.identifier: http://orcid.org/0000-0002-2129-0743
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Koch
authors.affiliation: Department of Orthopedic Surgery-CCOM, Strasbourg University Hospital, 10 avenue Baumann, 67403, Illkirch, France.
authors.forename: Agathe
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Kling
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, Central Manchester University Hospitals, Manchester, UK.
authors.forename: Nitin
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Ramamurthy
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology and Imaging Sciences, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA.
authors.forename: Faramarz
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Edalat
authors.affiliation: Department of Interventional Radiology, Strasbourg University Hospital, 1 place de l'hôpital, 67000, Strasbourg, France.
authors.forename: Roberto Luigi
authors.initials: RL
authors.lastname: Cazzato
authors.affiliation: Department of Anatomy, University of Strasbourg, 4 rue kirschleger, 67000, Strasbourg, France.
authors.forename: Jean-Luc
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: Kahn
authors.affiliation: Department of Interventional Radiology, Strasbourg University Hospital, 1 place de l'hôpital, 67000, Strasbourg, France.
authors.forename: Julien
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Garnon
authors.affiliation: Department of Anatomy, University of Strasbourg, 4 rue kirschleger, 67000, Strasbourg, France.|Department of Orthopedic Surgery-CCOM, Strasbourg University Hospital, 10 avenue Baumann, 67403, Illkirch, France.
authors.forename: Philippe
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Clavert
mesh_terms: D059925:Anatomic Landmarks; D001182:Arthroscopy / Q000009:adverse effects*; D002102:Cadaver; D005267:Femoral Nerve / Q000033:anatomy & histology* / Q000293:injuries*; D006801:Humans; D007049:Iatrogenic Disease; D007719:Knee Joint / Q000294:innervation* / Q000601:surgery; D008592:Menisci, Tibial / Q000601:surgery*
keywords: Arthroscopy; Infrapatellar branches; Knee; Medial meniscus; Saphenous nerve