title: Soil pH and electrical conductivity are key edaphic factors shaping bacterial communities of greenhouse soils in Korea.
abstract: Soil microorganisms play an essential role in soil ecosystem processes such as organic matter decomposition, nutrient cycling, and plant nutrient availability. The land use for greenhouse cultivation has been increasing continuously, which involves an intensive input of agricultural materials to enhance productivity; however, relatively little is known about bacterial communities in greenhouse soils. To assess the effects of environmental factors on the soil bacterial diversity and community composition, a total of 187 greenhouse soil samples collected across Korea were subjected to bacterial 16S rRNA gene pyrosequencing analysis. A total of 11,865 operational taxonomic units at a 97% similarity cutoff level were detected from 847,560 sequences. Among nine soil factors evaluated; pH, electrical conductivity (EC), exchangeable cations (Ca2+, Mg2+, Na+, and K+), available P2O5, organic matter, and NO3-N, soil pH was most strongly correlated with bacterial richness (polynomial regression, pH: R2= 0.1683, P < 0.001) and diversity (pH: R2= 0.1765, P < 0.001). Community dissimilarities (Bray-Curtis distance) were positively correlated with Euclidean distance for pH and EC (Mantel test, pH: r = 0.2672, P < 0.001; EC: r = 0.1473, P < 0.001). Among dominant phyla (> 1%), the relative abundances of Proteobacteria, Gemmatimonadetes, Acidobacteria, Bacteroidetes, Chloroflexi, and Planctomycetes were also more strongly correlated with pH and EC values, compared with other soil cation contents, such as Ca2+, Mg2+, Na+, and K+. Our results suggest that, despite the heterogeneity of various environmental variables, the bacterial communities of the intensively cultivated greenhouse soils were particularly influenced by soil pH and EC. These findings therefore shed light on the soil microbial ecology of greenhouse cultivation, which should be helpful for devising effective management strategies to enhance soil microbial diversity and improving crop productivity.
authors.affiliation: National Institutes of Agricultural Sciences (NIAS), Rural Development Administration (RDA), Wanju, 55365, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Jeong Myeong
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.affiliation: Gyeonggi-do Agricultural Research and Extension Service (ARES), Hwaseong, 18388, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: An-Sung
authors.initials: AS
authors.lastname: Roh
authors.affiliation: Gangwon-do ARES, Chuncheon, 24226, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Seung-Chul
authors.initials: SC
authors.lastname: Choi
authors.affiliation: Chungcheongbuk-do ARES, Cheongju, 28130, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Eun-Jeong
authors.initials: EJ
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.affiliation: Chungcheongnam-do ARES, Yesan, 32418, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Moon-Tae
authors.initials: MT
authors.lastname: Choi
authors.affiliation: Jeollabuk-do ARES, Iksan, 54591, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Byung-Koo
authors.initials: BK
authors.lastname: Ahn
authors.affiliation: Jeollanam-do ARES, Naju, 58213, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Sun-Kuk
authors.initials: SK
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.affiliation: Gyeongsangnam-do ARES, Jinju, 52733, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Young-Han
authors.initials: YH
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.affiliation: Research Institute of Climate Change and Agriculture, National Institute of Horticultural and Herbal Science, RDA, Jeju, 63240, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Jae-Ho
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Joa
authors.affiliation: Soil & Fertilization Division, NIAS, RDA, Wanju, 55365, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Seong-Soo
authors.initials: SS
authors.lastname: Kang
authors.affiliation: National Institutes of Agricultural Sciences (NIAS), Rural Development Administration (RDA), Wanju, 55365, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Shin Ae
authors.initials: SA
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.affiliation: National Institutes of Agricultural Sciences (NIAS), Rural Development Administration (RDA), Wanju, 55365, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Jae-Hyung
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Ahn
authors.affiliation: National Institutes of Agricultural Sciences (NIAS), Rural Development Administration (RDA), Wanju, 55365, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Jaekyeong
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Song
authors.affiliation: National Institutes of Agricultural Sciences (NIAS), Rural Development Administration (RDA), Wanju, 55365, Republic of Korea. why@korea.kr.
authors.forename: Hang-Yeon
authors.initials: HY
authors.lastname: Weon
mesh_terms: D061271:Acidobacteria / Q000235:genetics / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000502:physiology; D000383:Agriculture / Q000379:methods; D001419:Bacteria / Q000145:classification* / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D000069599:Crop Production; D017753:Ecosystem; D004553:Electric Conductivity; D059014:High-Throughput Nucleotide Sequencing; D006863:Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; D059013:Microbial Consortia / Q000502:physiology*; D010944:Plants; D020560:Proteobacteria / Q000235:genetics / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000502:physiology; D012336:RNA, Ribosomal, 16S; D056910:Republic of Korea; D012987:Soil / Q000737:chemistry*; D012988:Soil Microbiology
chemical_list: D012336:RNA, Ribosomal, 16S; D012987:Soil
keywords: bacterial community; electrical conductivity; greenhouse; pH; soil