title: In utero and childhood DDT, DDE, PBDE and PCBs exposure and sex hormones in adolescent boys: The CHAMACOS study.
abstract: Dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane (DDT), polybrominated diphenyl ether (PBDE) flame retardants, and polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) are believed to be endocrine-disrupting chemicals (EDCs) in humans and animals. The purpose of this study is to examine the relationship of in utero and childhood exposure to these purported EDCs and reproductive hormones in adolescent boys who participated in CHAMACOS, an ongoing birth cohort in California's Salinas Valley. We measured o,p'- and p,p'-DDT, p,p'-DDE, PBDEs and PCBs in serum collected from mothers during pregnancy or at delivery and from their sons at 9 years. We measured concentrations of follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), luteinizing hormone (LH), and total testosterone (T) from 234 of their sons at 12 years. In adjusted models, we found that a 10-fold increase in maternal prenatal serum concentrations of BDE-153 was associated with a 22.2% increase (95% CI: 1.0, 47.9) in FSH, a 96.6% increase (95% CI: 35.7, 184.7) in LH, and a 92.4% increase (95% CI: 20.9, 206.2) increase in T. Similarly, BDE-100 concentrations were associated with increases in boys' LH levels. A 10-fold increase in total prenatal ΣPCBs was associated with a 64.5% increase (95% CI: 8.6, 149.0) in FSH, primarily driven by non- dioxin-like congeners. Boys' hormone levels were only marginally associated with prenatal DDT or DDE in primary models, but when boys' Tanner stage at age 12 was added to models, prenatal maternal DDT levels were associated with decreases in LH (adjusted percent change per 10-fold increase=-18.5%, 95% CI: -29.8, -5.4) and T (percent change=-18.2%, 95% CI: -30.2, -4.2) and DDE with LH (percent change=-18.3%, 95% CI: -32.9, -0.6). Exposures measured in the children's serum at 9 years also showed associations between BDE-153 and ΣPCBs. However, there is evidence that these associations appear to be mediated by child BMI. This study suggests associations on male hormones of 12year old boys related to exposure to certain EDC exposure prenatally. The implications on future reproductive function in puberty and adulthood should be determined.
authors.affiliation: Center for Environmental Research and Children's Health (CERCH), School of Public Health, University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA. Electronic address: eskenazi@berkeley.edu.
authors.forename: Brenda
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Eskenazi
authors.affiliation: Center for Environmental Research and Children's Health (CERCH), School of Public Health, University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA.
authors.forename: Stephen A
authors.initials: SA
authors.lastname: Rauch
authors.affiliation: Center for Environmental Research and Children's Health (CERCH), School of Public Health, University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA.
authors.forename: Rachel
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Tenerelli
authors.affiliation: Center for Environmental Research and Children's Health (CERCH), School of Public Health, University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA.
authors.forename: Karen
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Huen
authors.affiliation: Center for Environmental Research and Children's Health (CERCH), School of Public Health, University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA.
authors.forename: Nina T
authors.initials: NT
authors.lastname: Holland
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatrics, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA.
authors.forename: Robert H
authors.initials: RH
authors.lastname: Lustig
authors.affiliation: Center for Environmental Research and Children's Health (CERCH), School of Public Health, University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA.
authors.forename: Katherine
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Kogut
authors.affiliation: Center for Environmental Research and Children's Health (CERCH), School of Public Health, University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA.
authors.forename: Asa
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Bradman
authors.affiliation: Division of Laboratory Sciences, National Center for Environmental Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA.
authors.forename: Andreas
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Sjödin
authors.affiliation: Center for Environmental Research and Children's Health (CERCH), School of Public Health, University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA.
authors.forename: Kim G
authors.initials: KG
authors.lastname: Harley
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D002648:Child; D003634:DDT / Q000097:blood; D003633:Dichlorodiphenyl Dichloroethylene / Q000097:blood; D052244:Endocrine Disruptors / Q000097:blood*; D004784:Environmental Monitoring; D004785:Environmental Pollutants / Q000097:blood*; D005260:Female; D005411:Flame Retardants / Q000032:analysis; D005640:Follicle Stimulating Hormone / Q000097:blood*; D055768:Halogenated Diphenyl Ethers / Q000097:blood; D006801:Humans; D007986:Luteinizing Hormone / Q000097:blood*; D008297:Male; D018811:Maternal Exposure; D008875:Middle Aged; D011078:Polychlorinated Biphenyls / Q000097:blood; D011247:Pregnancy; D011297:Prenatal Exposure Delayed Effects; D013739:Testosterone / Q000097:blood*; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D052244:Endocrine Disruptors; D004785:Environmental Pollutants; D005411:Flame Retardants; D055768:Halogenated Diphenyl Ethers; D013739:Testosterone; D003633:Dichlorodiphenyl Dichloroethylene; D007986:Luteinizing Hormone; D005640:Follicle Stimulating Hormone; D003634:DDT; D011078:Polychlorinated Biphenyls
keywords: Adolescence; BDE-100 (PubChem ID: 154083); BDE-153 (PubChem ID: 155166); BDE-47 (PubChem ID: 95170); BDE-99 (PubChem ID: 36159); DDE; DDT; Endocrine disruptors; Follicle stimulating hormone; In utero; Luteinizing hormone; PCB- 28 (PubChem ID: 23448); PCBs; Prenatal; Puberty; Testosterone; Testosterone (PubChem ID: 6013); p,p'- DDT (PubChem CID: 3036); p,p'-DDE (PubChem CID: 3035)