title: Understanding the Impact of Migration on HIV Risk: An Analysis of Mexican Migrants' Sexual Practices, Partners, and Contexts by Migration Phase.
abstract: HIV risk among Mexican migrants varies across migration phases (pre-departure, transit, destination, interception, and return), but there is limited knowledge about specific sexual behaviors, characteristics of sexual partners, and sexual contexts at different migration stages. To fill the gap, we used data from a cross-sectional population-based survey conducted in Tijuana, Mexico. Information on migration phase and last sexual encounter was collected from 1219 male migrants. Our findings suggest that compared to pre-departure migrants, repeat migrants returning from communities of origin were more likely to have sex with male partners, use substances before sex, and not use condoms; migrants in the transit phase in the Mexican border were more likely to have sex with casual partners and sex workers; and migrants in the interception phase were more likely to engage in anal sex and use substances before sex. Sexual behaviors, partners, and contexts vary significantly among migrants at different migration phases. Tailored HIV prevention programs targeting Mexican migrants need to be developed and implemented at all migration phases.
authors.affiliation: UW Carbone Cancer Center, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, USA.
authors.forename: Xiao
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: Department of Health Policy and Management, University of California-Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
authors.forename: Natalie
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Rhoads
authors.affiliation: Mexico Section of the U.S.-Mexico Border Health Commission, Tijuana, Baja California, Mexico.
authors.forename: Maria Gudelia
authors.initials: MG
authors.lastname: Rangel
authors.affiliation: Graduate School of Public Health, San Diego State University, San Diego, CA, USA.
authors.forename: Melbourne F
authors.initials: MF
authors.lastname: Hovell
authors.affiliation: National Center for HIV/AIDS Prevention and Control, CONASIDA, Mexico D.F., Mexico.
authors.forename: Carlos
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Magis-Rodriguez
authors.affiliation: Department of Health Sciences, University of California-Merced, Merced, CA, USA.
authors.forename: Carol L
authors.initials: CL
authors.lastname: Sipan
authors.affiliation: Mexico Section of the U.S.-Mexico Border Health Commission, Tijuana, Baja California, Mexico.
authors.forename: J Eduardo
authors.initials: JE
authors.lastname: Gonzalez-Fagoaga
authors.affiliation: Department of Community Health and Prevention, Dornsife School of Public Health, Drexel University, 3215 Market St., Hesbitt Hall 458, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA. apm78@drexel.edu.
authors.forename: Ana P
authors.initials: AP
authors.lastname: Martínez-Donate
mesh_terms: D017280:Condoms / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D015658:HIV Infections / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000517:prevention & control*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008800:Mexico / Q000208:ethnology; D008875:Middle Aged; D015995:Prevalence; D012307:Risk Factors; D060386:Sex Workers; D012725:Sexual Behavior / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D012747:Sexual Partners; D019966:Substance-Related Disorders / Q000208:ethnology*; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D014171:Transients and Migrants / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D014481:United States / Q000453:epidemiology
keywords: HIV; Mexican migrants; Migration phase; Sexual behavior