title: Association of Diabetic Nephropathy and Liver Disorders.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Liver disorder is known to be a risk factor for Diabetes Mellitus (DM) and diabetic patients are at risk of developing liver disorders. Association of liver and renal disease is less explored in the field of research; hence, we conducted a retrospective study on this.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To compare the renal and liver profiles of type II DM patients compared to healthy controls and find the association between the two profiles in diabetics.
  
  
  METHODS
  The renal and liver profiles of 68 type II DM patients and 58 controls were compared. Estimated Glomerular Filtration Rate (GFR) (eGFR) was calculated using Modification of Diet in Renal Disease (MDRD) formula and was taken as a tool to grade different stages of diabetic nephropathy. Comparison of liver profiles between different stages of diabetic nephropathy was done. Correlations and associations were studied between eGFR and liver enzymes and Bilirubin.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A significant elevation in Total Bilirubin (TB) (p< 0.15), Direct Bilirubin (DB) (p< 0.0035), Aspartate Amino Transferase (AST) and Alanine Amino Transferase (ALT) (p<0.0001) levels in diabetics was noted. An elevated eGFR and a significant correlation between eGFR and liver enzymes were observed. A significant association between liver and renal disease has been obtained in diabetics (p=0.0136).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Significantly, high liver function tests and low eGFR were observed in type II diabetics. A significant positive correlation between liver enzymes (AST and ALT) and eGFR suggest a possible association between liver and kidney functions in DM.
authors.affiliation: Associate Professor, Department of Biochemistry, Karwar Institute of Medical Sciences , Karwar, Karnataka, India .
authors.forename: Usha Sachidananda
authors.initials: US
authors.lastname: Adiga
authors.affiliation: Assistant Professor, Department of Biochemistry, Karwar Institute of Medical Sciences , Karwar, Karnataka, India .
authors.forename: B N
authors.initials: BN
authors.lastname: Malawadi
keywords: Bilirubin; Estimated glomerular filtration rate; Liver enzymes; Type 2 diabetes mellitus