title: Insights into theNanoggene: A propeller for stemness in primitive stem cells.
abstract: Self-renewal and pluripotency are two major characteristics of embryonic stem cells (ESCs) that allow ESCs to maintain stem cell population, and differentiate into multiple types of adult tissues. Nanog is the key transcription factor that controls both self-renewal and pluripotency of ESCs. Similarly, cancer stem cells (CSCs) are capable of preserving population and initiating new tumor development by self-renewal. Expression of Nanog family proteins can be increased in many types of cancer which is correlated with tumor outcomes. In this review we summarized the recent understanding of the roles and mechanisms of Nanog in ESC regulation under physiological conditions. In addition, we describe the function of Nanog family proteins in different types of cancer, and the association of Nanog with clinical outcomes. Taken together, Nanog proteins are central regulators controlling both ESCs and CSCs, and are considered as a prognostic marker in many types of cancer. These findings supported the possibility of novel therapeutic potentials of Nanog against cancers.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medicine, Hebei University of Chinese Medicine, Shijiazhuang 050200, China.
authors.forename: Wei
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: Center for Diabetic Systems Medicine, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Excellence, Guilin Medical University, Guilin 541004, China;; Department of Gynaecology & Obstetrics, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, N.T., Hong Kong, China.
authors.forename: Yi
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Sui
authors.affiliation: Research Center for Translational Medicine, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200120, China.
authors.forename: Jun
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Ni
authors.affiliation: Research Center for Translational Medicine, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200120, China.
authors.forename: Tao
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Yang
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D053595:Embryonic Stem Cells / Q000378:metabolism*; D006801:Humans; D008954:Models, Biological; D000071317:Nanog Homeobox Protein / Q000378:metabolism*; D009369:Neoplasms / Q000378:metabolism*; D014411:Neoplastic Stem Cells / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D000071317:Nanog Homeobox Protein
keywords: Nanog; cancer recurrence; cancer stem cell; embryonic stem cell; metastasis; pluripotency